APRU Membership is comprised of leading universities from 18 economies of thePacific Rim known worldwide for their academic and research excellence.

The Pacific Rim is known for volcanoes, earthquakes, tropical storms, floods, landslides...

Multiple hazards
in thePhilippines:
volcanoes,
earthquakes,
tropical storms,
floods,landslides,fires…

Tohoku University, Japan

Frontier Sciences,
The University of Tokyo

APRU

Tohoku University, Japan
Director, APRU MultiHazards Program

Day 3

Riyanti Djalante

Benito M. Pacheco

John Rundle

Academic Programme Officerat United Nations University Institute for the AdvancedStudy for Sustainability(UNU-IAS)

Professor at the Institute ofCivil Engineering,
University of the Philippines
DilimanDistinguished Professor,
Physics and Earth & Planetary Science,

University of California, Davis

Contact :Designed by rawpixel.com Freepik
Dr. Takako Izumi, Ms Sayaka Kobayashi
IRIDeS, Tohoku University

Email:
thapplication_apruss@irides.tohoku.ac.jp

The 8 APRU-IRIDeS Multi-Hazards
SummerSchool2020
For the details of theVirtual
APRU MH program,please check APRU-IRIDeS
Multi-Hazards
Program Website:
http://aprumh.irides.tohoku.ac.jp/
3 days webinar

Day 1

Day 2

Day 3Theme:
Lessons learned from theGreat East Japan Earthquake

Theme:
Role of various stakeholders
in disaster risk reduction

Theme:
Latest research in disasterscienceDirector, APRU MultiHazards Program

Day 3

Riyanti Djalante

Benito M. Pacheco

John Rundle

Academic Programme Officerat United Nations University Institute for the Advanced
Study for Sustainability(UNU-IAS)

Professor at the Institute ofCivil Engineering,
University of the Philippines
DilimanDistinguished Professor,

Science and Policy

Regulating Buildings
Contact :Physics and Earth & Planetary Science,

University of California, Davis

Forecasting and Nowcasting

Dr. Takako Izumi, Ms Sayaka KobayashiIRIDeS, Tohoku University

Email: application_apruss@irides.tohoku.ac.jp
B E N I T O M . PA C H E C O
2 9 check
J U LAPRU-IRIDeS
Y 2 0 2 0 Multi-Hazards Program Website:
For the details of the APRU MH program, pleaseReenacting a National Legislation* for Buildings:
Another Look at Multi-Hazards Resilience in

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29

A New Normal*AN ACT REGULATING THE PLANNING, DESIGN,CONSTRUCTION, OCCUPANCY, AND
MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS6TODAY’S OBJECTIVES

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29• Review the history of national building regulation• Explain new features of Philippine Building Act of 2020and how to promote S&T innovations in subsidiary
Regulations and Standards

7

ISAAC NEWTON’S RESIDENTIAL BLDG.
To start with… Newton also was
WFH for many months in 1665-1666
during the bubonic plague

8

ISAAC NEWTON’S PHYSICS
Never at rest, before andafter the plague:
colors of light;
acceleration of mass

9

Act according to laws of physicalsciences and all our buildings will
be resilient, right?

F O R C E = M A S S ∗ AC C E L E R AT I O N
Actually there is much more that isneeded from the social sciences!

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29

F = M∗A10S H E LT E R

B E N I T O M . PA C H E C O
2 9 J U LY 2 0 2 012B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 2913

C O M M U N I C AT I O N
ENERGY

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29

S A N I TAT I O N

E D U C AT I O N
T R A N S P O R TAT I O N

S H E LT E R H E A LT H

WAT E RSEA/OCEAN

FOODC L I M AT E

14SHELTER IS INFRASTRUCTURE• Shelter is something that covers or affords protection.

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29• To shelter means to protect people, property, activity,…
• Infrastructure is the resources required for an activity.
• Private + Public = Infra• House, School, Hospital, Waste Facility, … = Social Infra• Yes, shelter is the most basic infrastructure.
15

C O M M U N I C AT I O N
ENERGY

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29

S A N I TAT I O N

E D U C AT I O NT R A N S P O R TAT I O N

S H E LT E R H E A LT H

WAT E RSEA/OCEANFOOD
C L I M AT E

Yes, shelter is the most basic infrastructure.
16

EVERY BUILDING IS A SHELTER

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29

What will the Philippine Building Act of 2020 say?
“Building is any temporary or permanent structure,anchored to the ground, for the shelter, enclosure, or
support of persons, animals, [plants, produce, products,]
machinery, or chattels.”Yes, every building is a shelter and more.
17

EVERY BUILDING IS A SHELTER & MORE

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29

Occupancies of the following types are included:• A, assemby• B, business• D, disaster response• E, educational• F, factory and industrial• G, agri and biological• I, institutional• M, mercantile• R, residential• S, storage• U, utilities• Z, high-hazard materials
18

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29

ca. 2003

SHELTERS ARE VULNERABLE

GMMA RAP Study (2014) scenario of M7.2 earthquake:collapsed or completely damaged buildings would cause
37,000 fatalities in Greater Metro Manila Area

Shelters are exposed and vulnerable to multiple
hazards. And so are we, the occupants.

19

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29

SINCE 1968: SELECTED MILESTONES

20

BUILDING REGULATION FOR RESILIENCE

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29

World Bank global report in 2015:
Developed [economies] have significantly reduced
mortality risks from natural hazards through incremental
improvement of their regulations for building and land use.
While experiencing 47% of disaster events globally inrecent decades, they accounted for only 7% of disasterrelated fatalities.
21

SCOPE OF REVIEW AND STUDY
Unfair legal arrangements.

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29

Outdated
technologicalarrangements

Ineffectiveadministrativearrangements

Multi-sector, multi-agency, multi-region consultations (2016-2018)(U.P. National Engineering Center i.c.w. U.P. Law Center)
22

SCOPE OF REVIEW AND STUDY

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29

including conflicts among other laws like the Fire Code or the Local Government Codeincluding hazards
that arescientifically lessunderstood andmaterials ormethods that aretechnologicallyless familiar

includingcontradictions
among
government
officesMore than 40 specialists and staff studied (2016-2018)(U.P. National Engineering Center i.c.w. U.P. Law Center)
23

SCOPE OF REVIEW AND STUDY

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29

By owners, developers, architects, engineers, lawyers, contractors, officials, civil society organizers

More than 400 stakeholders contributed (2016-2018)(U.P. National Engineering Center i.c.w. U.P. Law Center)
24

SCOPE OF REVIEW AND STUDY

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29• Formulation of issue papers based on records of previous
complaints, grievances, and suggestions, under five (5)broad themes, for stakeholder feedback• Consultations with various stakeholders: four (4) regionalor sub-national and one (1) national• Focus-group discussions• Public colloquium• Study of international practices
25

SCOPE OF REVIEW AND STUDY

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29• National Building Code (1977) and its latest
Implementing Rules and Regulations (2005) need to be
fully reconciled with the various “referral codes.”• Fire Code of the Philippines (2008) is treated as a“referral code;” but it is actually another act by Congress.
• National Structural Code of the Philippines (2015) istreated as another “referral code;” but it is actually a setof standards by the association of structural engineers.
26

EXAMPLE OF “REFERRAL CODE”
Fire Code of 2008;
Repealed PD 1185;
Implemented by anothernational agency, BFP;
B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29

23 pp RA 9514;
475 pp IRR (2009)
Issue: minimum required width of aisles
for egress, which was ”hardcoded” into
the NBCP, is in conflict with the IRR ofthe Fire Code of 2008.

27

EXAMPLE OF “REFERRAL CODE”
NSCP 2015; 7th Edition;

Developed by the national
association of civilstructural engineers, ASEP;
B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29

1,000 pp

Issue: peer review of “special”
structures is not well provided
in the NBCP; but it isprescribed in the NSCP.

28

WHAT LONG-STANDING CONCERNS ?
• Building permit process: outdated? discretionary?

• Design of buildings: unconscious of multiple hazards?
• Old buildings: orphaned by professionals after 15 years
B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29• Retrofit of old buildings: legal, admin, techno dilemma…
• Inter-agency and multi-sectoral council to review andupdate every five (5) years or sooner: needed yesterday!
•…
29

H O S P I TA LH OT E L

Institutional Residential(Willamor Magbanua/Inquirer)

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29@gwenhalangdon photo

WHAT LONG-STANDING CONCERNS ?

OCTOBER 31, 2019 M6.5
OCTOBER 29, 2019 M6.6
OCTOBER 16, 2019 M6.3

30

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29

WHAT
LONGSTANDING
CONCERNS?

Do we have to wait for theperfect storm before we act?
31

WE NEED THE REFORM TODAY, IN A
NEW NORMAL, AND IN THE FUTURE.

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29• Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022: Chapter 20…
• Nat’l Econ & Dev’t Authority: We agree… to reform theNational Building Code [of 1977] in order to improveand update said legal framework, and make such more
responsive and relevant to current issues anddevelopments.
• We: anticipate the emergent and the emerging.
32

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29

FRAMEWORK EXAMPLE: NZ
2004

PROVENANCE• Building Act 2004*• Building Regulations 1992 aspartly revoked by Building(Forms) Regulations 2004,
and amended in 2007, 2008,2012• Legislative act• The Governor-General may
make general regulations, andregulations, to be called thebuilding code, that prescribe
functional requirements forbuildings and the performance
criteria.
• Standards and other materials
are incorporated by reference.

* Replaced the Building Act 1991

• Building Code: Schedule 1 ofBuilding Regulations

33

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29

FRAMEWORK EXAMPLE: JP2014

PROVENANCE• Building Standard Law:
Law No. 201*
• Fire Service Law• Acts of parliament: procedures,penalties, outline technicalrequirements• Regulations• Enforcement by the Ministry:detailed procedures• Building Codes• Notification by the Ministry:detailed technical requirements* Since 1950, last amended in 201434

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29

FRAMEWORK REFORM: PH19772020• National Building Code:PD 1096
• Other national legislations
such as Fire Code of 2008
• Implementing Rules andRegulations• Referral Codes• Philippine Building Act of2018 …or 2019…or 2020
• Other national legislations
such as Fire Code of 2008
• Implementing Rules andRegulations• Reference Standards
35

WE NEED THE REFORM TODAY, IN A
NEW NORMAL, AND IN THE FUTURE.
• Reform legally.

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29•Reform administratively.

•Reform technologically.
• Prefer performance-based standards• Defer prescription-based standards36

Office of the President to certify the Philippine Building Act of 2020 asurgent.

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29

House and Senate of the Congress of the Philippines to approve andco-implement the Act reforming the system of regulations & standards
for various types of public and private buildings in the country,proposed, existing, or old.

L E G I S L AT E
MAJOR REFORMS

37

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29

H.B. 5605
H.B. 175

H.B. 1891

H.B. 238

H.B. 4008

H.B. 364

H.B. 5605

H.B. 723

H.B. 6820

H.B. 825

H.R. 32

H.B. 923

H.R. 132

H.B. 1650
38

S.B. 1239
S.B. 1239

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29

S.B. 1252

39

MAJOR LEGAL REFORMS• Streamline building permit process• Design buildings to be more resilient against multiple
hazards, including evacuation buildings
B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29• Assess old buildings, every 15 years• Incentivize retrofit of old buildings• Create inter-agency and multi-sectoral Building
Regulations and Standards Council (BRSC) toreview and update every five (5) years or sooner40

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29SIMPLER FOR SIMPLE BUILDINGS

Include those in the regulation.
Do not exempt, nor take those for granted.
41

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29

MORE COMPLICATEDFOR SPECIAL
BUILDINGSONLY
Provide clear criteria forclassifying buildings as special.
42

Make more transparent.

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29

REGULAR PROCESSFOR REGULAR
BUILDINGS

43

MAJOR LEGAL REFORMS• Streamline building permit process• Design buildings to be more resilient against multiple
hazards, including evacuation buildings
B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29• Assess old buildings, every 15 years• Incentivize retrofit of old buildings• Create inter-agency and multi-sectoral Building
Regulations and Standards Council (BRSC) toreview and update every five (5) years or sooner
44

Dept. of Public Works and Highways and Dept. of Interior andLocal Government to engage partner government agencies andprivate sectors in crafting and updating periodicallythe regulations and standards for buildings,
mainstreaming disaster risk reduction and management.

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29

EXECUTEPA RT N E R S H I P S45

KEY AGENCIES• Dept. of Public Works and Highways• Dept. of Human Settlements and Urban Development• Professional Regulation Commission
B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29• Dept. of Interior and Local Government• Dept. of Trade and Industry• Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources• Dept. of Science and Technology•…

46

Dept. of Science and Technology and National Economic andDevelopment Authority to collaborate across agencies and sectors
in the compliance with building regulations and standards
and the enforcement of the same,infusing with research and development in particularand a culture of science, technology, and innovation in general.

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29

C O L L A B O R AT E
IN COMPLIANCE + ENFORCEMENT

47

WHO ARE RESPONSIBLE ?
19772020• Owner or Developer• Owner or Developer

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29• Professional• Contractor• Official• Official
Liabilities are proportionate to thesize and cost of the building project.
48

EQUAL COLLABORATORS• Educators and Researchers (in BRSC)• Representatives-at-Large (in BRSC)• Building Owners, Developers, Managers, Administrators
B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29• Building Professionals• Building Contractors• Building Officials
Regulations and standards are dependent on advancing knowledge,skill and attitude. Buildings are the most basic social infrastructure.
49

IS THERE ROOM FOR SCIENCE,TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION ?

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29• Yes, not just a room but a whole building !
• Safety, security, health, comfort, and many more !
• Water conservation• Energy conservation and generation• Food production• Waste or pollution minimization• Information and communication50

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29

IS THERE ROOM FOR SCIENCE,TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION ?
• Information and communication: ubiquitous• Online database of documents: all buildings• Building information management system as tool for
maintenance: most buildings• Earthquake recording instruments: special buildings• Virtual twin for digital monitoring: very special buildings•…
51

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29

SUMMARY• After 43 years of history of nationwide regulation ofbuildings, we need major reforms in order to reduce
mortalities, economic losses, and social infrastructure
disruptions.
• Five (5) major reforms and numerous others are geared
towards balancing regulation and innovation, while aiming
for sustainable development.
52

B. M. Pacheco 2020 July 29

CULTURE OFSCIENCE,TECHNOLOGYAND
most basic infrastructure
INNOVATION

53

Director, APRU MultiHazards Program

Day 3Riyanti Djalante

Benito M. Pacheco

John Rundle

Academic Programme Officer
at United Nations University Institute for the Advanced
Study for Sustainability(UNU-IAS)

Professor at the Institute of
Civil Engineering,
University of the Philippines
DilimanDistinguished Professor,

Science and Policy

Regulating Buildings
Contact :Physics and Earth & Planetary Science,

University of California, Davis

Forecasting and Nowcasting

Dr. Takako Izumi, Ms Sayaka Kobayashi
IRIDeS, Tohoku University

Email: application_apruss@irides.tohoku.ac.jp
THANK YOU FOR JOINING!

riskguide101@up.edu.ph
For the details of the APRU MH program,please check APRU-IRIDeS Multi-Hazards Program Website: