2022.1 - 12

JP Domain Name
Registry ReportJapan Registry Services Co.,Ltd.

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WRWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKH,QWHUQHWVRFLHW\Koki Higashida
President
Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd.

Registry Report Index

01 Registry Activities
01・1 *RDORI-356DVWKH-3'RPDLQ1DPH5HJLVWU\

2

01・2 Major Topics of 2021

3

01・3 International Relations

8

01・4 Activities in Japan19

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23

02 Statistical Information
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24

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29

03 Reference
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30

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Registry Report 2022

1

01

Registry Activities

01・1 Goal of JPRS as the JP Domain Name Registry
Our main objectives as the registry are: to continuously improve the value of JP domain names; to gain stronger
support from the local and global Internet community; and to provide domain names as well as management andadministration services that contribute to society in an environment where JPRS competes and collaborates withother registries of TLDs*1 and similar service providers.
JPRS defines the following as the core concepts for its services including the management and administration of JP
domain names.
Reliability: establishing services with social credibility
Stability: operating and administering stable systems
Usability: providing user-friendly services
Fee Performance: setting reasonable service fees
With the mission of supporting the Internet infrastructure, JPRS considers it important to ensure reliability andstability while pursuing a good balance with usability and fee performance.

*1 TLD : Top Level Domain

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01・2 Major Topics of 2022
In 2022, JPRS continued to contribute to the development of the Internet and worked to enhance its JP registry
services and the value of JP domain names in cooperation with the JP Registrars and other related organizations.

Publication of “Internet White Paper 2022” with JPRS
Participating in Planning and Editing (February)“Internet White Paper” is a yearbook that summarizes the current state of the Internet
from various perspectives including that of business, society and technology. Its 2022
edition, “Internet White Paper 2022 (subtitle: Path to Digital Twin),” was published.
JPRS has been collaborating with Impress R&D (now Impress* 1), IAjapan*2 andJPNIC*3 in the Internet White Paper Editorial Committee in the planning and steering
the White Paper since 2013.
https://jprs.co.jp/topics/2022/220207.html (in Japanese)
Internet White Paper 2022

Addition of “Internet White Paper 2021” to “Internet White Paper ARCHIVES” (February)“Internet White Paper 2021” published in 2021 was added to “Internet White Paper ARCHIVES,” the websiteorganized and operated by the Internet White Paper Editorial Committee.
“Internet White Paper ARCHIVES” is a compendium of Internet White Papers, which are published annually and
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white paper that becomes a back issue in the year following its publication will also be added to the archive.
https://jprs.co.jp/topics/2022/220214.html (in Japanese)

Support for the 24th Japan Junior/Senior High School Web Contest (February)
JPRS supported the “24th Japan Junior/Senior High School Web Contest* 4,” a Web contest that was held by
JAPIAS*5IRUMXQLRUDQGVHQLRUKLJKVFKRROVWXGHQWV)RUW\VL[*HQHUDOXVH-3GRPDLQQDPHV $6&,,DQG-DSDQHVH 
were provided free of charge to the 23 semi-finalist teams.
JPRS also presented the “Best Domain Naming Award” to the team who had chosen the most effective domainname to increase the appeal of their work.
https://jprs.co.jp/press/2022/220222.html (in Japanese)*1 Impress Corporation
https://www.impress.co.jp/ (in Japanese)*2 IAjapan: Internet Association Japan
https://www.iajapan.org/index-en.html*3 JPNIC: Japan Network Information Center
https://www.nic.ad.jp/en/*4 Japan Junior/Senior High School Web Contest
https://webcon.japias.jp/ (in Japanese)*5 JAPIAS: Japan Association for Promotion of Internet Application in School Education
http://japias.jp/ (in Japanese)

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Registry Activities

Conclusion of Industry-Academia Collaboration Agreement with Tokyo Metropolitan
College of Industrial Technology (March)
JPRS and Tokyo Metropolitan College of Industrial Technology* 6 signed an industry-academia collaborationagreement on human resource development in advanced ICT. The purpose of this agreement is to work together on
projects for the development of information security engineers, ICT and information architects, as well as ineducational activities related to information security and ICT targeting a wide range of generations.
https://jprs.co.jp/press/2022/220301.html (in Japanese)

Free Graphical Comic-style Booklet on the Internet System Sent to Junior andSenior High Schools and Technical Colleges across Japan (May– June)
As part of its Internet-related educational activities, JPRS set up channels including a
special website “https://マンガで学ぶ.jp/ ” (Learn from Manga) where junior and seniorhigh school and technical colleges could apply to receive educational materials from May
16 to June 30, 2022. Recognizing the growing importance of Internet-related educationand the shortage of teaching materials in schools, JPRS has worked on this project since2010. A total of over 350,000 copies have been distributed through this activity to date.
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Great Adventure in the Network.” It contains a story with many illustrations to help
readers learn easily how to reach websites and how a “domain name,” an Internet
address, as well as HTTPS, a secure means of communication for exchanging
information, work.

Ponta s Great Adventurein the Network-356DOVRODXQFKHG´3RQWD·V,QWHUQHW&ODVVµDZHEVLWHGHGLFDWHGWR
information education linked to the contents of the booklet. The website has
new episodes about the birth of the Internet, domain names and DNS, as well
as some explanatory videos.
https://jprs.co.jp/press/2022/220516.html (in Japanese)

Ponta s Internet Class

Participation in Interop Tokyo 2022 (June)
JPRS ran a booth at the “Interop Tokyo 2022” exhibition, an event wherevisitors can experience the latest ICT and related solutions. The JPRS boothprovided information, including the basics of domain names, DNS and server
certificates as well as HTTPS records in DNS. In addition, JPRS provided
information to visitors through a panel exhibition and by distributing technicaldocuments.
https://jprs.jp/related-info/event/2022/0630_interop.html (in Japanese)*6 Tokyo Metropolitan College of Industrial Technology
https://www.metro-cit.ac.jp.e.aiz.hp.transer.com/

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JPRS boothSupport for SECCON 2022 (from June)
SECCON 2022*7 was a series of events held from June 2022 to February 2023 with the aim of recruiting and training
information security personnel and providing a place for hands-on experience with related technologies. JPRS
supported SECCON 2022 as a sponsor. It agrees with the purpose of SECCON and has cosponsored it since 2014.
https://jprs.co.jp/topics/2022/221227.html (in Japanese)

Support for “Oshigoto Hakubutsukan,” a Career Education Support Program by
Asahi Shimbun (June)
Recognizing the importance of career education for the children who will lead the next
generation and the benefits of understanding the Internet infrastructure at an early age,
JPRS co-sponsored “Oshigoto Hakubutsukan* 8 ( Occupations Museum ) ,” a career
education support program conducted by Asahi Shimbun Company. JPRS also provided
the program with educational materials regarding domain names.
Under the program, “Oshigoto Nenkan (Occupations Yearbook)” is distributed to schools
free of charge, and clearly explains to students how businesses and institutions work.
The yearbook complies with government guidelines on education and can be used as ateaching tool. A total of 75,000 copies of the 2022 yearbook were donated to about
20,000 elementary schools and 10,000 junior high schools across the country, and theOshigoto Nenkan 2022

contents are also published on the web version of “Oshigoto Hakubutsukan.”
https://jprs.co.jp/topics/2022/220614.html (in Japanese)

Support for Internet Week Showcase in Tokushima/Online (June),QWHUQHW:HHN6KRZFDVHLVDIUHHHYHQWWKDWIHDWXUHVFDUHIXOO\VHOHFWHGSURJUDPVRIWKHSUHYLRXV\HDU·V,QWHUQHW
Week, a conference held by JPNIC in Tokyo every year around November. JPRS supported Internet Week
Showcase in Tokushima/Online as a sponsor and gave presentations entitled “Domain Names, Certificates and7/63UHSDUHGQHVVIRU6LJQDWXUHDQG9HULILFDWLRQµDQG´/HW·V7KLQNDERXW¶'16RI7RPRUURZ·
https://jprs.co.jp/topics/2022/220620.html (in Japanese)*7 SECCON 2022
https://www.seccon.jp/2022/ (in Japanese)*8 Oshigoto Hakubutsukan
https://www.oshihaku.jp/ (in Japanese)

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01

Registry Activities

JPRS Held 13th “.jp DNSSEC Key Ceremony” (October)In public-key cryptography, a key ceremony is a procedure in which a unique pair of private and public keys is
generated. In JPRS, “.jp DNSSEC Key Ceremony” is a procedure for creating key- and zone-signing keys andsigning the jp zone.
It is vital for the reliability and stability of DNSSEC that the procedure for generating and managing the key pairs is
properly and securely executed. For this reason, JPRS invites External Witnesses, who are not affiliated with JPRS,
to the .jp DNSSEC Key Ceremony.
Like in 2021, two External Witnesses observed and confirmed the process in the 13th ceremony held on October 4,2022. Due to COVID-19, the ceremony was observed via live streaming rather than the usual on-site examination.
https://jprs.co.jp/en/topics/2022/221005.html

Distribution of a Free Poster to Educational Institutions across Japan to Help Students
Enjoy Learning about ccTLDs (October)As part of its Internet-related educational support activities, JPRS produced two
posters, “World Domain Workbook” and “Traveling Domains,” to enable
students to enjoy learning about ccTLDs*9. It distributed these posters free ofcharge to educational institutions such as junior high schools, high schools andtechnical colleges nationwide.
This is the fourth consecutive year since 2019 that JPRS has conducted thisLQLWLDWLYHXVLQJWKHSRVWHUVWRGHHSHQVWXGHQWV·XQGHUVWDQGLQJRIFF7/'VZKLFKWorld Domain Workbook

they use daily with little thought.
The “World Domain Workbook,” newly created in 2022, is a poster that places
ccTLDs on a world map, while the “Traveling Domains,” which lists the ccTLDs,
includes stories and photos about each country and region of the world. These
two posters can be used in combination for classroom and self-study.
https://jprs.co.jp/press/2022/221006.html (in Japanese)
Traveling Domains*9 ccTLD: Country Code Top Level Domain

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AuthCode Introduced for the JP Registrar Change Process (November)
To improve the reliability of the JP domain name services overall, JPRS introduced “AuthCode,” a measure toprevent changes of JP Registrar (including domain name transfers with a change of JP Registrar) from occurring
without the intention of the registrant of the domain name.
A registrant can obtain an AuthCode through the current JP Registrar and use it to make sure that a request for a
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https://jprs.jp/about/dom-rule/agent-change/index.html (in Japanese)

Support for Internet Week 2022 (November)
JPRS supported Internet Week 2022 as a sponsor and sent Kazunori
Fujiwara to serve on the Program Committee and contribute to the planningof DNS-related sessions.
In addition, Yoshitaka Aharen, Kazuki Ikeda, Yuri Takamatsu and Kazunori
Fujiwara of JPRS introduced domain names, DNS and other related topics inthe program called “DNS DAY.” At the lunchtime seminar, Yasuhiro Morishita

Lunch Time Seminar at Internet Week 2022

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Weaknesses and Looking Ahead to Its Future: Lunch with DNS.”
https://jprs.co.jp/topics/2022/221107.html (in Japanese)

Events and Seminars for JP Registrars
JPRS organized the events and seminars for JP Registrars in a hybrid format, with both in-person and online
attendees. Video recordings and handouts were published for JP Registrars after each session.

“JP Registrar Seminar: An Introduction to Domain Name Registration and Administration” (May)JPRS explained the basics of JP domain names, how to register and administer them, as well as thefundamental structure of DNS to newly accredited JP Registrars and the staff of JP Registrars who recently
started handling JP domain names.

´-3563DUWQHUV·0HHWLQJµ(October)
JPRS described the latest developments in the domain name industry, future service changes as well as
information useful for day-to-day operations to those staff members who were handling domain names in JP
Registrars.

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Registry Activities

01・3 International Relations
1. Participation in ICANNICANN*1 is a private non-profit organization established in the
United States in 1998 to coordinate globally the resources
underpinning the Internet, such as domain names and IP
addresses.
Since its foundation, JPRS has been actively participating in
the organization of ICANN and various policy discussions andsupporting the facilitation of Internet resource management led
by the private sector, with ICANN playing the central role. In
2002, JPRS signed a “ccTLD Sponsorship Agreement” withICANN 75

ICANN and has since been entrusted by ICANN to serve as the
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By participating in various organizations established within ICANN, as well as by giving presentations andinformation exchanges at various sessions, JPRS participates in policy development and implementation
planning to cope with issues facing ICANN and registries. As the .JP registry and one of the operators of the
M-Root DNS server, JPRS is sharing its experience with the global community via ICANN, thereby contributing
to the development of the Internet as a whole.
ICANN holds three public meetings each year to enable stakeholders from every country and region of theworld to participate and discuss Internet resource management and related rules. Due to COVID-19, ICANN73
was held fully online in March 2022. Subsequent ICANN meetings were organized in a hybrid format (in-person
and online), with an emphasis on face-to-face gatherings and direct exchange of ideas. As such, COVID-19
prevention measures, such as the requirement to present a vaccination certificate and wear a mask, weretaken in the venue of those meetings. ICANN74 was held in June in Hague, Netherlands, and ICANN75 washeld in October in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, both in a hybrid format.
With the participation of numerous parties interested in ccTLD and gTLD* 2, ICANN meetings have long been
an important forum for information-sharing and discussions on policies and governance concerning domainname management. The meetings provide a platform for the cross-community exchange of ideas on topics ofinterest to individual Supporting Organizations (SOs) and Advisory Committees (ACs) DV ZHOO DV VXEMHFWV
related to Internet resources. In 2022, the participants shared the latest information on a wide range of topics,
including efforts related to DNS abuse, efforts to prevent abuse, Internet-related regulations in various
countries and regions as well as Internet fragmentation. They also discussed how ICANN should respond tothese issues.
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*1 ICANN: Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
https://www.icann.org/*2 gTLD: Generic Top Level Domain

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(1) ccNSO
ccNSO*3 is one of the Supporting Organizations set up in ICANN to assist its activities. The role of ccNSO as analliance of ccTLD managers is to cooperate with the other Supporting Organizations in ICANN, form a consensus
in the ccTLD community on global issues concerning the entire ccTLD space and to make recommendations to
the ICANN Board. JPRS prepared for the establishment of the ccNSO in 2003 and has been a member sincethen. Hirofumi Hotta of JPRS served as a member of the ccNSO Council from its establishment to March 2020.
Also, Atsushi Endo of JPRS is a member of the SOPC (ccNSO Strategic and Operational Planning Standing
Committee)*4ZKLFKVXEPLWVDSHWLWLRQUHJDUGLQJ,&$11·V´)LYH<HDU2SHUDWLQJDQG)LQDQFLDO3ODQµDQG´$QQXDO
Operating Plan and Budget.” Endo also serves on the subgroup within the ccNSO Guidelines Review Committee(GRC)*5, which re-examines the guidelines for the operation of ccTLDs, and contributes to the development of
SURSRVHGUHYLVLRQV<XUL7DNDPDWVXLVWDNLQJSDUWLQWKH03&(ccNSO Meetings Programme Standing Committee) *6
which designs programs for the ccNSO-related meetings as well as ccPDP4*7 which develops policy proposals for
IDN*8 ccTLDs.
Considering the burden on ccTLD registries participating remotely from different time zones, the ccNSO held its
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engagement and discussion. On the other hand, the sessions featuring topics and trends related to specific
ccTLD registries were organized before the ICANN meeting period. However, ICANN has since moved to a hybrid
format for meetings, and these specific ccNSO sessions also went back into the ICANN meeting week. As such,the ccNSO is now returning its meeting program to a face-to-face format.
In 2022, the ccNSO considered at the ICANN meetings a proposed roadmap of activities related to DNS abuse
which an ad-hoc group convened by the ccNSO had developed. The ccNSO also discussed the creation of a new
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group. In addition, the ccNSO meetings in 2022 featured a Q&A session between the ccNSO-appointed ICANN
Board members and the ccNSO members, a discussion on the draft revision to the ccNSO internal Rules, a
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the planning and budgeting process of ICANN.
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which ccTLDs should be involved and matters which were important for ICANN to remain a sound and stableorganization. The session participants supported the idea that ccTLDs should provide quality input to ICANN fromtheir own standpoint, following which the SOPC set to work on the comments.

*3 ccNSO: Country Code Names Supporting Organisation
https://ccnso.icann.org/*4 SOPChttps://ccnso.icann.org/en/workinggroups/sopiwg.htm*5 GRC
https://ccnso.icann.org/en/workinggroups/grc.htm*6 MPC
https://ccnso.icann.org/en/workinggroups/mpwg.htm*7 ccPDP4
https://ccnso.icann.org/en/workinggroups/idn-cctld-strings.htm*8 IDN: Internationalized Domain Name

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Registry Activities(2) Label Generation Rules for the Root Zone
Label Generation Rules for the Root Zone (LGR) aim to establish rules for adding labels that include non-ASCII
scripts to the root zone. Each language community leads the development of its respective LGR.
The following two types of panels are working on developing the LGRs for the DNS root zone:
1. Generation Panel (GP)Each GP is composed of key figures of each language community and experts in linguistics and domain names.
Each GP creates a proposed LGR for a given script and is organized for each script to be added in the root zone.
2. Integration Panel (IP)
IP is a panel of experts in character encoding or IDNs and is tasked with integrating rules developed by the GPs
into a consistent set of LGRs.
The IP was established in 2014, and several GPs for different scripts were formed in 2015. Developments havebeen under way in each language community.
The cultural community that uses Han (Kanji) script includes the Chinese, Korean and Japanese communities, so
it is necessary to develop the LGRs that are consistent across those language communities. Therefore, theJapanese community has been working on its LGR in consideration of such necessity. The study is being
conducted in the Japanese Generation Panel (JGP) involving IDN experts representing the Japanese language
community, linguists and registry experts, with JPNIC and JPRS serving as the secretariat. Hirofumi Hotta of
JPRS led the initiative as the chair, and Yoshiro Yoneya along with Yuri Takamatsu participated as members of the
JGP. They contributed their expertise gained through designing, providing and operating the Japanese JP Domain
Name services.
The JGP completed the coordination with the Chinese GP and Korean GP by 2019, and individual consultation
with the IP by September 2021. It submitted the final proposal of the Japanese LGR to ICANN in SeptemberZKLFKZDVIROORZHGE\,&$11·VSXEOLFFRPPHQWSHULRGXQWLO1RYHPEHURIWKHVDPH\HDU6HYHUDO
comments were received, but none of them was deemed to affect the proposal. As a result, the Japanese LGR
was finalized in December 2021.
The Chinese LGR finalized in May 2020 was already included in the DNS Root Zone LGR Version 4 (RZ-LGR-4)
released in November 2020, and the Korean LGR finalized in May 2021 along with the Japanese LGR was
integrated into the DNS Root Zone LGR Version 5 ( RZ-LGR-5 ) released in May 2022. With that, the JGP
completed its task.

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Registry Report 2022

(3) RSSAC
The RSSAC*8 is one of the Advisory Committees within ICANN that advises the ICANN community and the Boardon matters relating to operation, administration, security, and integrity of the Root DNS Server (Root Server)
System. As one of the operators of the M-Root DNS server, JPRS has been participating in the activities of the
RSSAC in collaboration with the WIDE Project*9, the other operator.
The RSSAC continued its work in each ICANN meeting and via its own regular conference calls in 2022, where
the discussions of the new governance model have been continued. In addition, as part of the review of existing
documents, progress was made on updating "Advisory on Service Expectation of Root Servers" (RSSAC001),"Advisory on Measurements of the Root Server System" (RSSAC002), and "RSSAC Advisory on Metrics for the
DNS Root Servers and the Root Server System" (RSSAC047).
Hirofumi Hotta of JPRS has been playing an active role in these discussions representing both two M-Root DNS
server operators. Moreover, Yoshitaka Aharen, Shinta Sato, Kazunori Fujiwara and Hirofumi Hotta of JPRS are on
the RSSAC Caucus tasked with considering and drafting proposals to the ICANN Board and the community. They
were involved in the publication of RSSAC047v2*10 as well as the activities of the RSSAC001v2 Work Party andthe RSSAC002v5 Work Party.
Moreover, Hirofumi Hotta was appointed by the RSSAC to the 2023 ICANN NomCom for a one-year term
beginning at the conclusion of the annual general meeting during ICANN75 held in September 2022.
The NomCom is an independent committee, in accordance with the ICANN Bylaws, tasked with selecting key
ICANN leadership positions, including some members of the ICANN Board of Directors and the PTI*11 Board, as
well as the ALAC* 12 , the ccNSO Council and the GNSO* 13 Council. The RSSAC elects one member to the
NomCom as the RSSAC Liaison from the RSSAC Caucus which is in charge of developing RSSAC documents,
such as reports and recommendations regarding the Root DNS Servers.

*8 RSSAC: Root Server System Advisory Committee
https://www.icann.org/groups/rssac*9 WIDE Project
https://www.wide.ad.jp/index_e.html*10 RSSAC047v2
www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/rssac-047-03feb22-en.pdf*11 PTI: Public Technical Identifiers
https://pti.icann.org/*12 ALAC: At-Large Advisory Committee
https://atlarge.icann.org/*13 GNSO: Generic Names Supporting Organization
https://gnso.icann.org/en

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Registry Activities(4) Discussions on the Development of a Future Governance Model for the
Root Server System
The Root Server System consists of 13 sets of root DNS servers called A-M and is comprised of over 1,300
instances. These root DNS servers are operated stably by 12 Root Server Operators working together on a
voluntary basis.
As the importance of the Internet continues to grow, there are increasing calls for improved stability and assured
reliability for the operation of the Root Server System. Against this backdrop, the Root Server Operators took the
LQLWLDWLYHLQWKH566$&RQHRI,&$11·V$GYLVRU\&RPPLWWHHVWRSURSRVHDPRUHUREXVWJRYHUQDQFHPRGHOWKDW
could underpin the foundation of the Internet into the future.
The results of the discussion were submitted to the ICANN Board as document RSSAC037*14 in June 2018,
whereupon the direction for deliberation based on RSSAC037 was approved by the ICANN Board. Subsequently,
the ICANN Root Server Governance Working Group (RSS GWG) was established in January 2020 to develop a
concrete governance model according to the direction for deliberation.
The RSS GWG initially consisted of ten members (two each from the ccNSO, ICANN Registry Stakeholder Groupand the IAB* 15 /IETF* 16 ; three from the Root Server Operators and one from the ICANN SSAC* 17 ) and threeliaisons (one each from IANA, the ICANN Board and the Root Zone Maintainer ). However, as the discussions
progressed, some Root Server Operators demanded that all the operators should participate in the discussions in
the RSS GWG as parties concerned. As such, all Root Server Operators have been taking part in the RSS GWG
since March 2022. Hirofumi Hotta of JPRS engaged in the RSS GWG representing the M-Root DNS server
operator.
The RSS GWG has so far compiled an interim report on how the future Root Server System should be governed.
The report will be made more detailed going forward.

*14 RSSAC037
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/rssac-037-15jun18-en.pdf*15 IAB: Internet Architecture Board
https://www.iab.org/*16 IETF: Internet Engineering Task Forcehttps://www.ietf.org/*17 SSAC: Security and Stability Advisory Committee
https://www.icann.org/groups/ssac

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(4) DNSSEC and Security Workshop
A session called the DNSSEC and Security Workshop is part of every ICANN meeting. It was previously
called the DNSSEC Workshop but was renamed to cover a broader range of topics, including routing
security. Yoshiro Yoneya of JPRS is a member of the program committee of the DNSSEC and Security
Workshop and is involved in planning and running the event.
Yoneya gave a presentation titled “Are we ready for nsec3-guidance?” at the DNSSEC and Security
Workshop in ICANN74. He discussed the impact on zone publishers (authoritative DNS side) and DNSSEC
validator operators ( full resolver side ) of the change in the recommended value of NSEC3PARAM, an
important operational parameter set of DNSSEC. He also urged the TLD operators to start on therecommended value as soon as possible.

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Registry Activities

2. Participation in the IETF
The IETF was established in 1986 by the IAB to promote standardizationof Internet technologies. There are a number of working groups (WGs) in
the IETF that are developing standards in various technology areas.
Discussion and other activities of the IETF are handled via its mailinglists. The IETF also holds meetings three times per year, and engineers
gather from every region across the world to attend these meetings.
IETF 115

In 2022, IETF 113 was held in Vienna, Austria in March, IETF 114 in
Philadelphia, USA in July, and IETF 115 in London, UK in November.
JPRS is participating in the standardization activities in the IETF by suggesting solutions to the issues related to
DNS operations and proposing standardization of the technologies employed by registries. The following reports on-356·VDFWLYLWLHVLQWKH,(7)

(1) dnsop WG
The name of the dnsop WG*1 derives from DNS Operations. The working group aims to compile a guideline for
DNS operation in general, including administration of DNS servers and registration data.
JPRS has actively participated in the dnsop WG with its expertise as the JP DNS operator to point out the
ambiguity in the DNS protocol, present the issues caused by misconfigurations of DNS servers and discuss theoperational method of DNSSEC. Besides that, JPRS engineers co-authored RFC 4074, RFC 7719, RFC 8198
and RFC 8499, and these RFCs were issued thus far.
In 2022, discussions progressed on “draft-ietf-dnsop-avoid-fragmentation,” a proposal co-authored by Kazunori
Fujiwara of JPRS and Paul Vixie to avoid IP fragmentation in DNS. The proposal was revised in July, August andDecember.
Deliberations also progressed on “draft-ietfdnsop-rfc8499bis,” a revision of RFC 8499 co-authored by Paul
Hoffman of ICANN and Kazunori Fujiwara of JPRS, and the proposal was amended in July.

(2) art area directorate
The art area is an area where WGs working on standardization of applications and real-time communication
protocols are organized. A review team (directorate) organized for each area reviews Internet Drafts, to which the
IETF Last Call is applied, from the perspective of the experts in each area. The directorate of the art area isnamed ARTART*2, and Yoshiro Yoneya of JPRS is participating in it as a member.

*1 dnsop WG: Domain Name System Operations Working Grouphttps://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/dnsop/*2 ARTART: ART Area Review Teamhttps://datatracker.ietf.org/group/artart/about/

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3. Participation in Registry Associations(1) APTLDAPTLD*1 is an association composed of ccTLD registries mainly in the Asia Pacific (AP) region. JPRS has been amember of APTLD since 2002. As the JP registry, JPRS proposes improvements of APTLD activities, provides
information and exchanges views at presentations and discussions so that the ccTLD community in the AP region
can gain experience and expertise and raise the level of service standards. In addition, Yuri Takamatsu of JPRS
was appointed to serve on the APTLD Board of Directors for the term from 2022 to the 2024 Annual General
Meeting.
In the APTLD meetings held twice a year, the groups and the organizations related to the region introduced theiractivities and the participants explained what they were implementing and considering, such as the service ofeach ccTLD registry and efforts to improve the security of domain names, which led to active discussions.
$WWKHVHVVLRQWRVKDUHWKHPHPEHUV·DFWLYLWLHVLQWKH$37/'PHHWLQJWKDWWRRNSODFHLQ)HEUXDU\6KLQWD
6DWRRI-356RXWOLQHGKLVFRPSDQ\·V'16UHODWHGDFWLYLWLHVLQFOXGLQJWKHLQVWDOODWLRQRI-3·VORFDOQRGHFDUULHG
out for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games. In the October APTLD meeting, Atsushi Endo of JPRS
illustrated the transfer of the management and administration of .JP in the session about changes in registryorganization and management; Hirofumi Hotta and Yuri Takamatsu of JPRS each moderated a session, thereby(2) CENTR
CENTR*2 is an association consisting of ccTLD registries mainly in Europe. As an Associate member, JPRS
shares information and exchanges opinions with other CENTR members. In addition, CENTR conducts surveys
and information-sharing among members, so JPRS is actively taking part in these activities to consider its futureservices in the light of what it learns in CENTR.
&(175KHOGDVHPLQDUWRGLVFXVVUHJLVWULHV·HIIRUWVWREXLOGJRRGUHODWLRQVKLSVZLWKUHJLVWUDUVLQ)HEUXDU\LQ
which Sumika Uchikawa of JPRS showcased its cash-back campaign for JP domain names. In October, Sumika
8FKLNDZDDQG.HLVXNH0LLRI-356VKDUHG-356·VUHFHQWLQLWLDWLYHVDWWKH0DUNHWLQJ:RUNVKRSDQGWKH$GPLQWorkshop, respectively.

*1 APTLD: Asia Pacific Top Level Domain Association
https://www.aptld.org/*2 CENTR: Council of European National Top Level Domain Registries
https://www.centr.org/

Registry Report 2022

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Registry Activities

4. Other International Activities(1) Participation in the Internet Governance Forum (IGF)
IGF*1 is an international conference organized under the auspices of the United Nations (UN) and has been held
annually since 2006. The IGF 2022 was held from November 28 to December 2 as a hybrid event with in-person
participation in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia as well as online attendance. Hirofumi Hotta and Yuri Takamatsu of JPRS
participated in the event.
Under the overarching theme of “Resilient Internet for a Safe, Sustainable and Common Future,” the IGF 2022
featured approximately 300 sessions based on six themes, including “Connecting All People and Safeguarding
Human Rights,” “Avoiding Internet Fragmentation” and “Governing Data and Protecting Privacy.” The sessions
focused on the importance of the Internet in the economy and daily life, which has increased in the wake of
COVID-19, and the problems and challenges that have grown and diversified as a result. The participants
engaged in a lively exchange of ideas in each session. In addition, it was announced that the IGF 2023 would beheld in Kyoto, Japan.
JPRS will make good use of the information gained from the discussion in the IGF and will stimulate related
discussions in Japan.

(2) Participation in AP* Retreat
AP* ( APstar* 2 ) Retreat is a meeting that is held twice a year in principle and gathers the Internet-related
associations in the Asia Pacific region as well as the participants representing the organizations playing key rolesin the Internet in each country and region. At the AP* Retreat meetings the participants share the activities andconcerns of each participating organization and discuss how the Asia Pacific community as a whole should
address the issues related to the Internet.
In 2022, AP* Retreat was held online in February and in a hybrid format with online and in-person participation in
Singapore in September. Hirofumi Hotta of JPRS participated in both retreats.

*1 IGF: Internet Governance Forumhttps://www.intgovforum.org/*2 APstar: The Community of Asia Pacific Internet Organizations
https://www.apstar.org/

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(3) Participation in Root DNS Server Operation
JPRS and the WIDE Project collaboratively operate the M-Root DNS server, one of the root DNS servers, for the
purpose of ensuring the reliability and stability of DNS operations.
The 12 root DNS server operator organizations from around the world meet in conjunction with IETF meetings
which are held three times a year, and JPRS has been participating in these meetings as one of the organizations
in charge of the operation of the M-Root DNS server. At these meetings, attendees share information principallyon the stability of server operations and topics related to the latest technology.
The M-Root DNS server has been expanding its deployment in the AP region with the cooperation of APNIC andAPNIC Foundation since 2020. In 2022, the M-Root DNS server started operating in Guam, Malaysia, Thailand
and Singapore.
Making good use of its experience as the .JP registry, JPRS has been contributing to the global and the APregional Internet communities while also building on the JP Domain Name services with the knowledge it has
gained in the operation of the root DNS server.

(4) Participation in DNS-OARC
DNS-OARC*3 is an international organization established in 2004 for the purpose of improving the stability andquality of DNS through various activities related to operation, analysis and study of DNS, the system widely usedon the Internet. DNS-OARC conducts the annual DITL*4, which involves collecting and evaluating server packets
of DNS including the root servers once a year for 50 hours.
In 2022, DNS-OARC held workshops in February, July, and October. At OARC 37 held in February, Kazunori
Fujiwara of JPRS gave a presentation entitled “An idea of IP anycast analysis using DITL dataset” and shared theresults of analyzing the data obtained through a 50-hour packet capture carried out once a year at the root DNS
servers. He also described the average Round Trip Time (RTT ) to the M-Root DNS server by continent andcountry, distribution of RTT from clients and the findings of analyzing the impact of launching a node in Brisbane.
In addition, Yoshiro Yoneya of JPRS delivered a presentation titled “Are we ready for nsec3-guidance?” at OARC
38 that took place in July 2022. He explained that the change of the recommended value of NSEC3PARAM, an
important operational parameter set of DNSSEC, would become a BCP RFC, and discussed how that would
affect zone publishers (on the authoritative DNS side) and validator operators (on the full resolver side). He thensuggested that respective operators and DNS software developers should consider when best to proceed with thetransition and that milestones such as DNS flag day should be established by the community.

*3 DNS-OARC: The DNS Operations, Analysis, and Research Center
https://www.dns-oarc.net/*4 DITL: Day In The Life of the Internet
https://www.dns-oarc.net/oarc/data/ditl

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Registry Activities(5) Participation in W3C
W3C*5 is a non-profit organization founded in 1994 to develop a series of technical standards for the World Wide
Web. JPRS participates in W3C and plays an active role in enhancing Web security and internationalization ofidentifiers.

(6) Activities in Academic Societies
JPRS continues to participate in academic societies through its study and research on DNS and other relatedareas of study. Takeshi Mitamura of JPRS sits on the Special Interest Group on Business Informatics within theJapanese Society of Artificial Intelligence as an expert member, while Kazunori Fujiwara serves as an expert
member of the Technical Committee on Internet Architecture of EIC Communication Society.

*5 W3C: World Wide Web Consortium
https://www.w3.org/

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01・4 Activities in Japan(1) Participation in JANOG
JANOG* 1 is the organization established to promote the smooth
operation of networks through discussions and information-sharing
among network operators to contribute to Internet users andengineers. The members discuss various issues on the mailing list andgather at JANOG Meetings held twice a year. JANOG also convenes
Interim Meetings as necessary between regular JANOG meetings.
JANOG50 Meeting

In 2022, both JANOG meetings were held in a hybrid format
accommodating in-person and online attendance. The JANOG49 Meeting was held in Kagoshima City,
Kagoshima Prefecture in January and the JANOG50 Meeting in Hakodate City, Hokkaido in July.
JPRS participates in discussions in JANOG and continues to support the JANOG meetings as a sponsor. It also
runs an exhibition booth at the meeting venue to distribute technical information materials about domain names,
DNS and server certificates.

(2) Participation in DNSOPS.JPDNS Operators Group, Japan (DNSOPS.JP)*2 was established in 2006 with the intention of contributing to the stable
operation of the Internet through the administration of DNS. Yasuhiro Morishita of JPRS participated in theestablishment as one of the founding members. DNSOPS.JP serves as a forum for DNS operators where they can
exchange and share information and discuss related issues. Yoshiro Yoneya of JPRS is a member of the Executive
Committee that manages the organization of DNSOPS.JP. JPRS also plays a role in DNSOPS.JP as the secretariat.
DNSOPS.JP holds a BoF (Birds of a Feather) annually for technical presentations and discussions. It has alsoorganized “DNS Summer Day,” in which participants share their efforts related to DNS and give lightning talks,
every summer since 2012.
Yasuhiro Morishita of JPRS gave a lecture entitled “Mystery of the arpa Zone: Why “j” is Not Included in the arpa
Server” at the DNS Summer Day 2022 held in a hybrid format in June 2022. He described the changes to thearpa zone configuration that had been carried out from April to May in 2022 and shared the background behindthe changes. He also gave a presentation titled “Technical Information Provided by JPRS (July 2021–June 2022),”in which he looked back on the technical information, including vulnerability information related to DNS, that JPRS
had disseminated over the past year.
DNSOPS.JP has a volunteer Managed DNS Service Survey Team that has been active since 2020. The work of
the team was shared at the Managed DNS Service Survey Debriefing in April, DNS Summer Day 2022 in June,
the JANOG50 Meeting in July and the DNSOPS.JP BoF in November 2022.

*1 JANOG: JApan Network Operators' Grouphttps://www.janog.gr.jp/en/html/*2 DNSOPS.JP: DNS Operators Group, Japan
https://dnsops.jp/ (in Japanese)

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Registry Activities(3) Participation in ICANN Readout Sessions
ICANN Readout Session is the event that has been organized jointly by JPNIC and IAjapan from 2001 to 2017 and by
JPNIC from April 2017 onward. JPRS has been participating in the ICANN Readout Sessions and reporting to theJapanese community about the development of the ccNSO and other relevant topics.
In 2022, ICANN Readout Sessions were held in April, July, and October. Yuri Takamatsu of JPRS gave an update on the
ccNSO and related efforts, and Hirofumi Hotta as a Root Server Operator reported on the status of discussion on the
future governance model of the DNS Root Server System. Furthermore, as a member of the Japanese Generation Panel(JGP), Hirofumi Hotta spoke about the development of the Label Generation Rules (LGR) in the Japanese community
which was completed in May. He provided the background on the deliberation of the Japanese LGR in the JGP andoutlined the finalized rules. Hotta also reported on the status of discussions between the JGP and ICANN on the
proposed rules for Japanese one-character TLDs and Japanese labels at the second level, after which he solicited
feedback from the participants of the readout session.

(4) Participation in ISOC-JP
ISOC-JP*3 was established in August 1994 and has made various efforts to promote the Internet in Japan as the Japan
Chapter of the Internet Society (ISOC*4). Yoshiro Yoneya of JPRS has been taking part in the Internet Standardization
Promotion Committee (ISPC) of ISOC-JP since 2017 and served as the ISPC Vice Chair from 2019 to December 2022.
ISOC-JP and JPNIC jointly organized three IETF Update Meetings in 2022. At the IETF 113 Update Meeting, Yoshiro
Yoneya of JPRS discussed the impact of Post Quantum Cryptography (PQC) on protocol design, product development
and service operation, based on his experience in the standardization of Internet protocols. He also reminded theaudience to prepare for the transition.

(5) Participation in ICT-ISAC
ICT-ISAC*5 was established in 2016 to contribute to the formation of a secure society underpinned by information andcommunication technology (ICT). It has been working together with businesses and organizations from a wide range offields related to ICT to keep distribution and communication of information stable, thereby improving security
countermeasures and achieving a higher level of responses. JPRS has been participating in ICT-ISAC as a member
since 2017.
ICT-ISAC undertakes activities through various working groups consisting of its members. JPRS is taking part mainly in
the Cyber Attack Defense Exercise WG (CAE-WG), Rapid Response to DoS Attacks WG (DoS-WG), Special Interest
Group for DNS Operators (DNS-SiG) and Society of Network Abuse Response WG (SoNAR-WG) to contribute toenhancing the security related to ICT.

*3 ISOC-JP: The Internet Society Japan Chapter
https://www.isoc.jp/*4 ISOC: Internet Society
https://www.internetsociety.org/*5 ICT-ISAC: ICT Information Sharing And Analysis Center Japan
https://www.ict-isac.jp/english/index.html

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(6) Participation in the Rejuvenation Team of the National IGF in JapanThe Rejuvenation Team of the National IGF in Japan for the IGF 2023 was formed in May 2021 to prepare for theInternet Governance Forum (IGF) to be held in Japan in 2023. The team meets about once every three weeks tostimulate IGF activities in Japan through planning and organizing events and encouraging various Internet-related
stakeholders to participate.
In 2022, the team held the IGF 2021 readout session in February and organized the “Japan Internet Governance
Forum 2022” in October. Hirofumi Hotta and Yuri Takamatsu of JPRS actively participated in the planning of the
February readout, and Hotta gave a report on his participation in the IGF 2021 in the actual session.
-356SDUWLFLSDWHVLQHYHQWSODQQLQJDQGGLVFXVVLRQVDERXWWHDPRSHUDWLRQVRQWKHWHDP·VPDLOLQJOLVWDQGDW
every meeting.

(7) Participation in the Council of Anti-Phishing JapanThe Council of Anti-Phishing Japan* 6 is a council tasked mainly with collecting and providing information onphishing and issuing alerts. Atsushi Endo of JPRS has been contributing to the overall operation of the Council asa member of its steering committee since 2020.
The Council has published the “Anti-Phishing Guidelines” for service providers and consumers. It also has aworking group (Technology and Legal System WG) to consider refining the guidelines every year, taking into
consideration the current threats. Atsushi Endo and Toshihiro Sasaki of JPRS took part in the working group as
members for drawing up the 2022 edition of the guidelines*7 and engaged in the awareness campaign andeducational activities about domain name abuse.
In addition, Kazumitsu Shiraiwa and Yoshiro Yoneya of JPRS have been on the working group charged withsharing information about phishing scams and discussing collaboration between organizations (Hazard Info WG).
Moreover, Yoneya and Hayato Machida of JPRS participated in the working group for promoting knowledge about
server certificates (Certificate Promotion WG).

*6 Council of Anti-Phishing Japan
https://www.antiphishing.jp/ (in Japanese)*7 Anti-Phishing Guidelines (released in June 2022, in Japanese)
https://www.antiphishing.jp/report/guideline/antiphishing_guideline2022.html

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Registry Activities(8) Participation in Telecom Services Association
Telecom Services Association*8 was founded for the purpose of promoting the sound evolution of information andtelecommunication businesses in the competitive market, thereby contributing to the development of the industry
as a whole and enhancing the benefits to citizens as well as public welfare.
The Service Ethics Committee within the Telecom Services Association is tasked with addressing ethics and otherrelated issues in network services. It works on improving the Internet use environment by exchanging opinions
and information on the laws and regulations related to network services and the challenges facing providers. In
2022, Takaharu Ui of JPRS participated as a member of the committee in discussions on various issues, including
the response to the amendments to the Provider Liability Limitation Act.

(9) Participation in KEIDANREN (Japan Business Federation)
The Committee on Digital Economy of KEIDANREN ( Japan Business Federation ) * 9 is the body tasked withdeliberating and making policy proposals about issues such as promoting the use of personal data and measures
to ensure the free flow of data across national borders. In 2022, Hirofumi Hotta and Takaharu Ui of JPRS took
part in wide-ranging discussions in the Planning Subcommittee within the Committee on the Digital Economy.

*8 Telecom Services Association
https://www.telesa.or.jp/en*9 KEIDANREN (Japan Business Federation)
https://www.keidanren.or.jp/en/

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01・5

2YHUYLHZRIWKLV7HUP·V$FWLYLWLHVDQG&KDOOHQJHV
for the Future

JPRS has constantly worked to strike a proper balance among reliability, stability, usability and fee
performance, which constitute the basis of JP domain name registry services and JP DNS operation, while also
improving each of the four values.
To improve the reliability and convenience of the JP domain name services, JPRS introduced AuthCode in
2022 to ensure that JP Registrar change requests do not occur without the intention of the registrant.
JPRS also continued to tap into its expertise as the .JP registry to disseminate information related to domainnames and DNS and to promote understanding of industry trends at domestic and international events andmeetings. Moreover, JPRS contributed to the establishment of industry standards. For example, it participatedin the development of the proposed rules for Japanese-language labels to be applied to the new gTLDs, which
would later be approved by ICANN.
The year 2022 continued to witness many challenges threatening the stable operation of the Internet, such as
vulnerabilities in DNS software. JPRS has responded to these problems through its information provision
activities, including security alerts and educational programs.
As part of its Internet-related educational support activities, JPRS continued to distribute a free booklet on how
the Internet works to educational institutions across Japan. It also launched a website to assist Internet
education for junior high and high school students, and distributed free posters to educational institutions
across the country to help students learn about ccTLDs in a fun way. Furthermore, JPRS continued to provide
domain names free of charge at the website creation contest for junior and senior high school students.
With the ongoing digital transformation of society, JPRS will continue to improve the security of its system while
reinforcing its equipment and administrative structure. In doing so, JPRS aims to foster an environment where
people can use the Internet more safely. JPRS will also continue to work with other relevant organizations andthe JP Registrars to disseminate information on DNS technology and issue security alerts to address
vulnerabilities in the entire DNS.
The expanding use of the Internet and changes in corporate and social activities have led to ever-increasingsocietal demands for the stability of communications infrastructure. Recognizing this, JPRS will enhance thecontinuity of its services by conducting drills for various contingencies and strengthening system stability to
speed up service restoration and improve reliability.
As the JP registry, JPRS will continue its efforts to provide better and stable services.

Registry Report 2022

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02

Statistical Information

02・1

Change in the Cumulative Number of Registered
JP Domain Names

As of January 1, 2023, the number of registered JP domain names reached 1,721,137, an increase of 40,464 in one year.
(Number of names)

180
165

Organizational/Geographic Type150

General-use

135

Prefecture Type

120
105
90
75
60
45
30
15
1993 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 2023
As of January each year
(Number of names)

Month/Year
1993/1
1994/1
1995/1
1996/1
1997/1
1998/1
1999/1
2000/1
2001/1
2002/1
2003/1
2004/1
2005/1
2006/1
2007/1
2008/1
2009/1
2010/1
2011/1
2012/1
2013/1
2014/1
2015/1
2016/1
2017/1
2018/1
2019/1
2020/12021/12022/12023/1

Organizational/
Geographic Type
953
1,341
2,206
4,781
15,47733,73958,549124,573
234,294
283,340
297,413309,193
327,742
346,340
363,768
378,903389,598
399,339
406,856
413,332
421,606
428,467
435,390446,004
458,947
472,906
486,956
499,366
513,038
529,032
541,212General-use(Japanese domain name)183,499（ 61,507）
205,493（ 51,544）
245,100（ 45,402）
317,455（ 63,324）
439,784（116,602）
518,557（124,153）
609,983（141,858）
674,133（134,921）
740,820（133,754）
791,249（123,711）
845,054（119,337）
888,657（122,394）
915,854（126,182）
940,427（120,801）
953,041（113,521）
984,270（114,130）
1,010,615（107,363）
1,052,832（ 99,869）
1,065,561（ 95,123）
1,095,928（ 90,494）
1,139,718（ 87,921）
1,169,261（ 85,536）*Please refer to “Statistics” (https://jprs.co.jp/en/stat/) for the latest information.

24

Registry Report 2022

Prefecture Type
(Japanese domain name)8,452（1,915）
11,781（2,948）
11,684（3,117）
11,202（2,612）
11,419（2,524）
11,956（2,524）
11,569（1,953）
11,480（1,829）
11,237（1,612）
11,923（1,733）
10,664（1,400）

Total
953
1,341
2,206
4,781
15,47733,73958,549124,573
234,294
466,839
502,906
554,293645,197
786,124882,325
988,886
1,063,731
1,140,159
1,198,105
1,258,386
1,318,715
1,356,102
1,387,501
1,410,247
1,454,636
1,495,477
1,551,357
1,576,407
1,620,203
1,680,673
1,721,137

02・2

Breakdown of JP Domain Name Registrations
by Name Space*As of January 1, 2023
Prefecture Type
0.6%

Organizational/
Geographic Type
31.5%

CO：86.4％

General-use
67.9%

ED：1.2%
GO：0.1%
GR：1.0%
LG：0.4%
NE：2.4%
OR：7.4%
Geographic Type：0.4%
AC：0.7%
AD：0.04%(Number of names)

JP Domain Name Types
AC: Higher education institution
AD: JPNIC Member
CO: Company
ED: Primary school, junior andsenior high school
Organizational/
Geographic Type

GO: Japanese government

1 Jan 2023 Number 1 Jan 2022 Number
of Registrationsof Registrations
3,816

3,779

Difference
+37

251

250

+1

467,842456,727+11,115

6,348

6,258

+90

773

679

+94

GR: Group

5,543

5,516

+27

LG: Japanese local authority

1,898

1,895

+3

NE: Network service

12,83912,766+73

OR: Corporation other than company

39,811

39,045+766

Geographic Type

2,091

2,117

ー26

General-use(Japanese domain name)

1,169,261（85,536）

1,139,718（87,921）+29,543（ー2,385）

Prefecture Type
(Japanese domain name)

10,664（1,400）11,923（1,733）

ー1,259（ー333）

Total JP Domain Name Registration

1,721,137

1,680,673+40,464*Please refer to “Statistics” (https://jprs.co.jp/en/stat/) for the latest information.

Registry Report 2022

25

02

Statistical Information

02・3

Number of JP Domain Name Registrations
by Prefecture*As of January 1, 2023

Prefecture
Hokkaido
Aomori
Iwate
Miyagi
Akita
Yamagata
Fukushima
IbarakiTochigi
Gunma
Saitama
Chiba
Tokyo
Kanagawa
NiigataToyamaIshikawa
Fukui
Yamanashi
NaganoGifu
Shizuoka
Aichi
Mie
Shiga
Kyoto
Osaka
Hyogo
Nara
Wakayama
Tottori
Shimane
Okayama
Hiroshima
Yamaguchi
Tokushima
KagawaEhime
Kochi
Fukuoka
Saga
Nagasaki
Kumamoto
Oita
MiyazakiKagoshima
Okinawa
26

Registry Report 2022

Organizational/ Geographic Type

General-use

Prefecture Type

2.8%

2.1%

2.6%

0.5%

0.3%

0.6%

0.4%

0.3%

0.6%

1.3%

0.8%

0.8%

0.4%

0.3%

0.6%

0.6%

0.3%

0.4%

0.9%

0.5%

0.5%

1.4%

1.0%

0.6%

1.0%

0.6%

0.9%

1.1%

0.7%

2.2%

4.4%

2.8%

2.6%

3.3%

2.3%

2.5%

32.4%

42.1%

36.0%

6.6%

4.9%

3.3%

1.1%

0.7%

0.8%

0.6%

0.5%

0.6%

0.7%

0.6%

0.6%

0.5%

0.4%

0.4%

0.5%

0.4%

0.4%

1.3%

0.9%

1.5%

1.1%

0.7%

1.1%

2.1%

1.5%

1.4%

5.4%

3.7%

2.5%

0.8%

0.5%

1.2%

0.6%

0.5%

1.2%

2.0%

2.5%

6.6%

9.4%

15.0%

9.7%

3.1%

2.3%

1.7%

0.6%

0.7%

1.5%

0.4%

0.4%

0.5%

0.2%

0.2%

0.4%

0.3%

0.3%

0.3%

1.1%

0.7%

0.9%

1.6%

1.0%

1.2%

0.6%

0.4%

0.2%

0.3%

0.3%

0.3%

0.5%

0.3%

0.6%

0.6%

0.4%

0.7%

0.3%

0.2%

0.4%

3.3%

2.6%

3.3%

0.3%

0.2%

0.6%

0.5%

0.4%

0.8%

0.8%

0.6%

0.9%

0.4%

0.4%

0.9%

0.4%

0.4%

0.5%

0.6%

0.4%

0.7%

0.7%

0.7%

1.6%

02・4 Transition of DNS Configuration Rate
*As of January 1, 2023
100

(%)

90

80

70
Organizational/Geographic Type60

General-use
Prefecture Type50
2019/1

2020/12021/12022/12023/1Month/Year

Organizational/Geographic Type

General-use

Prefecture Type2019/1

99.4%

96.9%

91.3%

2020/1

99.4%

97.1%

91.8%

2021/1

99.4%

97.2%

91.9%

2022/1

99.5%

97.3%

91.9%

2023/1

99.5%

97.5%

91.1%

Registry Report 2022

27

02

Statistical Information

02・5 Number of Accredited JP Registrars

Organizational/Geographic Type600

General-use

Prefecture Type

(Number of Registrars)

500
400
300
200
100
0

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
/4
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1

(Number of Registrars)

Month/Year

Organizational/
Geographic Type

General-use

Prefecture Type

Cumulative Total

2001/4443

443

2002/1490

490

2003/1

560

546

1,106

2004/1

557

559

1,116

2005/1

553

564

1,117

2006/1

562

576

1,138

2007/1

559

572

1,131

2008/1

557

573

1,130

2009/1

558

577

1,135

2010/1

555

577

1,132

2011/1

563

582

1,145

2012/1571

590

2013/1

566

586

197

1,349

2014/1

564

582

227

1,373

2015/1

560

577

241

1,378

2016/1

560

576

252

1,388

2017/1

554

569

252

1,375

2018/1

559

574

255

1,388

2019/1

556

571

254

1,381

2020/1

544

559

257

1,360

2021/1

542

559

256

1,357

2022/1

522

538

254

1,314

541

257

1,324

2023/1526

1,161*The number of JP Registrars for the Organizational/Geographic Type JP domain names is the figure after April 2002 when management andadministration was transferred from JPNIC to JPRS.

28

Registry Report 2022

02・6

Number of Complaints Based on JP Domain Name
Dispute Resolution Policy (JP-DRP)(Number of cases)

16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

(Number of cases)

Year

Number

2000

2

2001

11

2002

6

2003

7

2004

4

2005

11

2006

8

2007

10

2008

3

2009

9

2010

7

2011

12

2012

15

2013

10

2014

8

2015

7

2016

9

2017

5

2018

7

2019

9

2020

10

2021

14

2022

14

*For details of domain name disputes, please refer to the “Domain Name Dispute Resolution
Policy (DRP)” posted by Japan Network Information Center (https://www.nic.ad.jp/en/drp/).

Registry Report 2022

29

03

Reference

03・1 History
2000
2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Dec.
Feb.
Apr.
May
Feb.
Apr.
Oct.
Jan.
Jun.
Jul.
Feb.
Jul.
Dec.
Jan.
Dec.

2006

2007

2008

2009
2010
2011

2012

2013
2014
2015
2016

Dec.
Mar.
Jun.
Oct.
Apr.
Nov.
May
Jan.
Feb.
May
Jul.
Sep.
Nov.
Mar.
Nov.
Nov.
Jun.
Oct.
Apr.
Jun.

2017

Sep.
Oct.

2018

Feb.
Nov.
Sep.
Jan.
Aug.

2019
2020

2021
2022
30

Jan.
Apr.
Nov.
Dec.
Mar.

Oct.
Jul.
Jun.

Registry Report 2022

JPRS was established.
General-use JP Domain Priority Registration Application started.
General-use JP Domain Concurrent Registration Application started.
General-use JP Domain First-Come First-Served Registration Application started.
ccTLD Sponsorship Agreement was concluded with ICANN.
Management and administration of .JP TLD was transferred from JPNIC to JPRS.
LG.JP was established.
The number of registered JP domain names surpassed 500,000.
JPRS received the approval from ICANN to start IDN service.
RFC-based Japanese JP Domain Name registration service started.
IP Anycast technology was introduced in JP DNS service ([a.dns.jp] [d.dns.jp]).
JP domain name started full support for IPv6, for the first time in the world as a TLD.
The portal site “Nihongo dot JP” (https://日本語.jp/) for promoting Japanese JP Domain Name waslaunched.
The portal site “Jinmei Jiten dot JP” (https://人名事典.jp/) to introduce Japanese JP domain names
using personal names was launched.
“Eki Machi Guide” (https://駅街ガイド.jp/), which provides information on areas around stations using
Japanese JP domain names consisting of station names throughout Japan, started.
JPRS started operation of the M-Root DNS server in cooperation with the WIDE Project.
JPRS started deleting improper DNS server registrations.
JPRS shortened the processing time for JP DNS update.
The number of registered General-use JP domain names surpassed 500,000.
JPRS published guidelines for making URLs consisting of Japanese domain names clickable in email text.
“Procedure for recovering deleted domain name registration” was introduced for General-use JP
Domain Name.
IP Anycast technology was introduced to the JP DNS service ([e.dns.jp]).
The number of registered JP domain names surpassed 1 million.
JPRS started the real-time application process service for CO.JP Domain Name.
The JP DNS server configuration was changed (c.dns.jp and g.dns.jp added).
JPRS announced its participation in the “BIND 10” development project.
JPRS extended the coverage of the real-time application process service.
JPRS started distributing a graphical comic-style booklet “How the Internet Works” free of charge
to junior and senior high schools across Japan.
JPRS deployed DNSSEC to the JP domain name service.
JPRS started providing “gTLD Registration Services.”
JPRS published “DNS Practices,” a book on DNS, written by JPRS engineers.
Priority Registration Application of the Prefecture Type JP Domain Name started.
Concurrent Registration Application of the Prefecture Type JP Domain Name started.
General Registration Application of the Prefecture Type JP Domain Name started.
The number of registered Prefecture Type JP domain names surpassed 10,000.
The TTL value of the DS RR for JP DNS servers was changed.
JPRS introduced Japanese characters into the Prefecture Labels of the Prefecture Type JP Domain Name.
JPRS signed an MoU with ICANN and JPNIC on Japanese translation of ICANN materials.
JPRS started providing JP Registrars with “JP Domain Name Usage Support Program for Students.”
JPRS Started Digital Certificates Issuance Services.
JPRS submitted a notification of its telecommunications business in response to the enactment of thepartial amendment to the Telecommunications Business Law.
The number of registered General-use JP domain names surpassed 1 million.
JPRS started accepting Concurrent Registration Applications for Japanese JP domain names
representing school names.
JPRS published the report of joint research with 8 ISPs of the electric power corporation group on
continued use of the Internet in case of a large-scale disaster.
The number of registered JP domain names surpassed 1.5 million.
“Textbook to understand DNS well,” a practical guide to DNS authored by JPRS engineers, was published.
JPRS acquired ISO 27001 certification (for the domain registry business).
JPRS attained full compliance with the WebTrust criteria that ensure the reliability of Certificate Authorities.
JPRS, the WIDE Project and APNIC agreed to establish a new cooperative relationship for the deploymentof M-Root instances.
The number of registered JP domain names surpassed 1.6 million.
JPRS, HOTnet and QTnet commenced operation of the local nodes for the JP DNS servers.
The number of registered JP domain names surpassed 1.7 million.

03・2 JP Domain Name Advisory Committee
The JP Domain Name Advisory Committee was established in 2002 to maintain fairness and neutrality of the .JP registry
operations. The committee members from outside of JPRS with various viewpoints consider policies for JP domain nameservices.
JP Domain Name Advisory Committee meetings are open to the public, and the minutes and documents are publicly
accessible on the JPRS website.

(1) Advisory Committee Meetings
Oct. 672nd JP Domain Name Advisory Committee
Mitsunori Tsuruta and Shuichi Sasakura, members of the 11th JP Domain Name Advisory Committee,
resigned. Accordingly, the JPRS Board of Directors appointed Yasutoshi Kikuchi and Toshio Kanai as their
VXFFHVVRUVIROORZLQJWKHFRPPLWWHH·VUHFRPPHQGDWLRQ,WZDVUHSRUWHGDWWKLVPHHWLQJWKDW.LNXFKLDQG.DQDL
had been inducted as members.
It was also reported that Nobuhisa Nishigata had become a member representing the Japanese government
in the 11th JP Domain Name Advisory Committee, due to a personnel change in the Ministry of Internal Affairs
and Communications.
JPRS outlined the status of .JP and other TLDs, the circumstances surrounding domain names and its mostrecent activities including its efforts to improve the safety of the process for changing JP Registrars andtransferring domain names. The committee held a question-and-answer session and exchanged views onthese topics.
The secretariat made a presentation on the online/paperless operation of the JP Domain Name Advisory
Committee. The committee then asked questions and exchanged opinions on the subject.

Dec. 2273rd JP Domain Name Advisory Committee
The JPRS Board of Directors submitted an inquiry entitled “Method for Appointing the Members of the 12th JP
Domain Name Advisory Committee” (JPRS-ADV-2022001). Each committee member expressed their opinion
on the contents of the inquiry, and the committee then agreed on the method.
The Secretariat presented a proposal for the online/paperless operation of the JP Domain Name Advisory
Committee, which had been prepared based on the discussions at the 72nd Committee meeting. After aquestion-and-answer period and exchange of opinions, the committee agreed that the 74th and subsequent
committee meetings would be operated in accordance with the proposed method, taking into consideration
the opinions expressed by the members.

(2) Consultations and Advisories
Consultation/Advisory

Consultation Date
Document No.

Advisory Date
Document No.

Method for appointing members of the 12th JP Domain
Name Advisory Committee

Dec. 22, 2022
JPRS-ADV-2022001(under consideration)

Registry Report 2022

31

03

Reference

03・3 Proposals and Presentations
Date

At

Hosted by

Feb. 17

An idea of IP anycast analysis using DITL dataset

OARC 37 Workshop

DNS-OARC

Feb. 23JPRS Update

APTLD81

APTLD

Feb. 26

Phishing and Domain Name/DNS

7th Cyber Security Study
Session 2022 in Shiojiri

Shiojiri City Security
Awareness Activities
Executive Committee

Apr. 26

Update of ccNSO at ICANN73

63rd ICANN Readout Session

JPNIC

May 23

Root DNS Update: Yet Another Root Servercoming to Thailand

BKNIX Peering Forum 2022

BKNIX

May 24

Collaboration between JPRS and national CERT

Pre-ICANN74 ccTLD News
Session - Cybersecurity

ICANN ccNSO

May 24

Toward the PQC Era

IETF 113 Update Meeting

ISOC-JP/JPNIC

Jun. 13

Are we ready for nsec3-guidance?

ICANN74 DNSSEC and
Security Workshop

ICANN

Jun.15-17"Names" Are Essential Even in the Internet:
Basics of Domain Names and DNS
Secure Your Internet Communications:
Basics of HTTPS and Server Certificates
What Is DNS HTTPS Record Being Used Even
before the RFC Is Published?
Domain Names, Certificates and TLS: from the Viewpointof a Private Individual Running His/Her Own Mail Server, etc.

Jun.15-17
Jun.15-17
Jun. 24

Interop Tokyo 2022
Interop Tokyo 2022
Interop Tokyo 2022
Internet Week Showcase in
Tokushima/Online
Internet Week Showcase in
Tokushima/Online

Interop Tokyo 2022
Steering Committee
Interop Tokyo 2022
Steering Committee
Interop Tokyo 2022
Steering Committee
JPNIC

Jun. 24

Let's Think about "DNS of Tomorrow"

Jun. 24

Technical Information Provided by JPRS
(July 2021–June 2022)
Mystery of the arpa Zone: Why “j” is Not Includedin the arpa Server

DNS Summer Day 2022

DNSOPS.JPDNS Summer Day 2022

DNSOPS.JP

Jun. 28RSSAC & RSS GWG

APAC Space

ICANN

Jun. 28

Seminar on Always On SSL/TLS

Nagano Employers'
Association Online Seminar

Nagano Employers'
Association

J u l . 28

Update on ccNSO at ICANN74

64th ICANN Readout Session JPNIC

J u l . 28

Update on Root DNS Server System

64th ICANN Readout Session JPNIC

J u l . 28

Japanese Root Zone LGR

64th ICANN Readout Session JPNIC

J u l . 30

Are we ready for nsec3-guidance?

DNS-OARC 38 Workshop

DNS-OARC

Oct. 6

Tour de Table

55th CENTR Administrative
Workshop

CENTR

Oct. 20

Update on ccNSO at ICANN75

65th ICANN Readout Session

JPNIC

Oct. 20

One-Character IDNs in TLD and Japanese Domain
Labels in SLD

65th ICANN Readout Session

JPNIC

Oct. 24

How the Internet Supports Society of Today and Tomorrow

Seisoku Gakuen High School

The Yomiuri Shimbun

Oct. 26

Transition of ccTLD Manager from Non-profit to For-profit

APTLD 82

APTLD

Nov. 11

Jobs That Support the Internet

Nagano Junior High School
Japan Educational Press
Attached to the Faculty of
Education of Shinshu University

Nov. 25

Relearn the Basics of How DNS Works in 1 Hour

Jun. 24

Nov. 29
Nov. 29

32

Title

Registry Report 2022

Internet Week BasicOn Demand/RRNLQJ%DFNDW'16·V:HDNQHVVHVDQG/RRNLQJ$KHDGWR Internet Week 2022
Its Future: Lunch with DNSLunchtime Seminar
DNS Update: Domain Name Overview

Internet Week 2022 DNS DAY

JPNIC

JPNIC
JPNIC
JPNIC

Date

Title

At

Hosted by

Nov. 29

IETF/RFC Update

Internet Week 2022 DNS DAY

JPNICNov. 29

Latest DNS Software Trends

Internet Week 2022 DNS DAY

JPNIC

Registry Report 2022

33

03

Reference

03・4 Press Releases
Date

Title

Feb. 22JPRS Supports “24th Japan Junior/Senior High School Web Contest” to Provide Experience ofUsing JP Domain Names (in Japanese)

Mar. 1JPRS and Tokyo Metropolitan College of Industrial Technology Conclude an Industry-Academia
Collaboration Agreement for the Development of Human Resources Specializing in Advanced
ICT (in Japanese)

Mar. 14

Yuri Takamatsu of JPRS Appointed to APTLD Board of Directors

Mar. 29

JPRS Publishes "JP Domain Name Registry Report 2021" (in Japanese)

May 16JPRS Distributes Free Graphic Comic-style Booklet on Domain Names and DNS That Underpin
the Internet to Educational Institutions across Japan (in Japanese)

Jun. 2JP Domain Name Surpassed 1.7 Million

Oct. 6JPRS Starts Distributing Free World Map Poster That Helps Students Have Fun Learning
Internet ccTLDs to Educational Institutions across Japan (in Japanese)*Please refer to Press Release (https://jprs.co.jp/en/press/) for the latest releases in English.

34

Registry Report 2022

03・5

Provision of Technical Information
Related to DNSAs the company supporting the basis of the Internet society through DNS and striving to ensure stable operation of theInternet, JPRS publishes technical information related to DNS such as warnings on the detection of DNS software
vulnerabilities and other relevant alerts.
*Original materials are written in Japanese.

Date

Title

Mar. 30

Vulnerability Information on PowerDNS Recursor Posted (CVE-2022-27227)

Mar. 30

Vulnerability Information on PowerDNS Authoritative Server Posted (CVE-2022-27227)

A p r . 15

Vulnerability Information on Windows DNS Server Posted (18 CVE Records Including CVE-2022-24536)

May. 19(Urgent) Vulnerability of BIND 9.18.x (DNS Service Outage) (CVE-2022-1183)

J u l . 15

Vulnerability Information on Windows DNS Server Posted (CVE-2022-30214)

Aug. 4

Vulnerability Information on Unbound Posted (CVE-2022-30698, CVE-2022-30699)

Aug. 26

Vulnerability Information on PowerDNS Recursor Posted (CVE-2022-37428)

Sep. 16

Vulnerability Information on Windows DNS Server Posted (CVE-2022-34724)

Sep. 22(Urgent) Vulnerability of BIND 9.x (Causing Memory Leak) (CVE-2022-38178)

Sep. 22(Urgent) Vulnerability of BIND 9.x (Causing Memory Leak) (CVE-2022-38177)

Sep. 22(Urgent) Vulnerability of BIND 9.x (DNS Service Outage) (CVE-2022-3080)

Sep. 22

Vulnerability of BIND 9.18.x (Improper memory reading or DNS service outage) (CVE-2022-2881)

Sep. 22

Vulnerability of BIND 9.x (Degraded Performance) (CVE-2022-2795)

Sep. 22(Urgent)Vulnerability of BIND 9.18.x (Causing Memory Leak) (CVE-2022-2906)

Sep. 27

Vulnerability Information on Knot Resolver Posted (CVE-2022-40188)

Sep. 27

Vulnerability Information on Unbound Posted (CVE-2022-3204)*For the latest information, please refer to the “Technical Information Related to DNS” (https://jprs.jp/tech/) (in Japanese).

Registry Report 2022

35

About JPRSJPRS provides domain name services such as domain name management, administration anddistribution, and also performs domain name system (DNS) operations. In addition, JPRS is
engaged in research and development of various Internet technologies.

Domain Name Management and Administration
JPRS manages and administers domain names. In particular, JPRS plays an important role as the registry of JP Domain
Name, or domain names of Japan. You may have seen addresses for websites and emails such as “https://○○○.jp”
and “△△△@○○○.jp.” JPRS manages and administers a part of these addresses, namely, strings in the form of“○○○.jp.” Domain names are the key to accessing the Internet. JPRS is constantly improving its services so that JP
domain names will continue to assist the activities of all kinds of Internet users, including companies, organizations, andindividuals.

DNS Operation
DNS (domain name system) is a system for identifying computers connected to the Internet using domain names, so it issometimes referred to as the “phone book for the Internet.” If DNS were to fail, people would not be able to accesswebsites or exchange emails using domain names. To prevent such a catastrophe, JPRS has established a 24/7 system
to ensure stable operation of the “JP DNS” for managing JP domain names.

R&D of Internet Technologies and International Activities to Support the Internet
JPRS takes an active part in the research and development of advanced technologies to promptly respond to changes in
the Internet environment and social needs. Specifically, JPRS engages in internationalization of the identifiers used inprotocols, devises methods for resolving issues concerning DNS operations and submits proposals to standardize
registry technologies. JPRS actively publishes the results of these activities and shares information at IETF and othermeetings to contribute to the network society.

36

Registry Report 2022

Published: 30 June 2023
Note: This English translation is provided for informational purposes only. For
accuracy, please refer to the Japanese version. Copyright © 2023 Japan Registry
Services Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. JPRS, Japan Registry Services and othertrademarks, service marks and designs are registered or unregistered trademarks ofJapan Registry Services Co., Ltd. in Japan and other countries. All other trademarks
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