Follow up work on the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction

Yuichi Ono / 小野 裕一
Assistant Director and Professor
International Research Institute of Disaster Science
Tohoku University

1

2

History of Disaster Risk Reduction

LOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOONG
History as long as human history
Human beings live with disaster risks

3Blue: Tone-river before 1654
Red: since 1654 (now)4Those that win the Yellow River
wins the world

Ｈｏｍｅｗｏｒｋ ｕｎｔｉｌ Ｆｒｉｄａｙ
Search on sayings/proverbs related
to disaster risk reduction in yourcountryImportant to manage disasterrisk as government/ruler- even now
For those leaders who failed to
manage disaster risks have beentaken out- French Health Minister in 2003
(22,000-35,000 died from heat wave)- Hurricane Katrina in 2006 changed US policy
on climate change(1,800+ died)- Myanmar opened the gate for international
community after the Cyclone Nargis in 2008
(138,000 died)- Prime Minister of Japan in 2011(near 20,000 died)Promote International Movement on Disaster Risk
Reduction- Too late to respond to disasters- Paradigm shift to reduce disaster risks

9Bitter lessons learnt from the 1970 East
Pakistan Cyclone
producedCyclone Preparedness Programmein Bangladesh - 1971

Cyclone Preparedness Program
Early Warning System, flags and loud speakers,
International Cooperation, Shelter, Evacuation,
Public Awareness and Education, Volunteers,
Community-based strategy, traditional knowledge,
protecting animals, etc.

The Pakistan/Bangladesh Tragedy
triggered a new global
movement to manage disasters
from
Disaster management
toDisaster reduction

1990-99 International Decade of Natural Disaster Reduction(IDNDR) --- with a secretariat for a 10-year term
1992 Department of Humanitarian Affairs (DHA) establishedand the UNDRO was united
1997 Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs(OCHA) established and the DHA was united
1994 Japan hosted a first World Conference on Disaster
Reduction in Yokohama --- Yokohama Strategy and Plan of
Action --- culminating the IDNDR movement
Late 1990s IDNDR malfunctioned (then, WB, IFRC, UNDP –struggled for supremacy)
2000- International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR)

2000- International Strategy for Disaster Reduction(ISDR)
2005 Japan hosted a second World Conference on
Disaster Reduction in Kobe, Hyogo Framework for
Action2015 Japan hosted a third World Conference on
Disaster Risk Reduction in Sendai, Sendai
Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (refinedframework and targets)Sendai Framework for Disaster
Risk Reduction
仙台防災枠組
Ｗｈａｔ ｉｓｉｔ？

Value of the SFDRR
A negotiated document through the UN process- committed by 187 countries

Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030
Adopted by 187 countries at the World Conference on
Disaster Risk Reduction, 18 March 2015

I.

Preamble

II. Expected outcome and goal
Seven targets

III. Guiding principles
IV. Priorities for action
Priority 1: Understanding disaster risk
Priority 2: Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk
Priority 3: Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience
Priority 4: Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response,
and to “Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction

V. Role of stakeholders
VI. International cooperation and global partnership

17

Targets
17. To attain the expected outcome, the following goal must be pursued:
Prevent new and reduce existing disaster risk through the implementation of
integrated and inclusive economic, structural, legal, social, health, cultural,
educational, environmental, technological, political and institutional
measures that prevent and reduce hazard exposure and vulnerability todisaster, increase preparedness for response and recovery, and thus
strengthen resilience.
The pursuance of this goal requires the enhancement of the implementation
capacity and capability of developing countries, in particular the least
developed countries, small island developing States, landlocked developing
countries and African countries, as well as middle-income countries facing
specific challenges, including the mobilization of support throughinternational cooperation for the provision of means of implementation inaccordance with their national priorities.

18

Adopted targets in the Sendai Framework for Action
18. To support the assessment of global progress in achieving the outcome and goal of this framework, sevenglobal targets have been agreed. These targets will be measured at the global level and will be complemented
by work to develop appropriate indicators.
National targets and indicators will contribute to the achievement of the outcome and goal of this framework.
The seven global targets are:(a) Substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030, aiming to lower average per 100,000 global
mortality between 2020-2030 compared to 2005-2015.
(b) Substantially reduce the number of affected people globally by 2030, aiming to lower the average global
figure per 100,000 between 2020-2030 compared to 2005-2015.
(c) Reduce direct disaster economic loss in relation to global gross domestic product (GDP) by 2030.
(d) Substantially reduce disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services, among them
health and educational facilities, including through developing their resilience by 2030.
(e) Substantially increase the number of countries with national and local disaster risk reduction strategies by
2020.
(f) Substantially enhance international cooperation to developing countries through adequate and sustainablesupport to complement their national actions for implementation of this framework by 2030.
(g) Substantially increase the availability of and access to multi-hazard early warning systems and disasterrisk information and assessments to the people by 2030.
19

Item 49: What processes?
Item 50: Indicators to monitor
the SFDRRWorking Texts on Indicators
Based on negotiations during the Second Session of the Openended Inter-governmental Expert Working Group on Indicators andTerminology relating to Disaster Risk Reduction held in Geneva,
Switzerland,
10-11 February 2016
Issued on 3 March 2016
Reissued with factual corrections on 24 March 2016

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

Informal Informal Meeting
Open-ended Inter-governmental Expert Working
Group on Indicators and Terminology relating toDisaster Risk Reduction
20-21 June 2015
Geneva

31

32

33

Feasibility assessment ofproposed indicators, using
existing disaster damage
statistics in Japan
20-21 June 2016
By the Government of Japan

The most important criteria in selecting indicators are :• Feasibility of practical data collection; and• Relevancy to show actual impacts of disasters.

Question :Are the proposed outcome indicators A-D feasible in every
country?

Feasibility assessment using presently available data inJapan.
35

The statistics and data used in the study :1. “Statistics of water-related disaster damage”
Water and Disaster Management Bureau of the Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

2. “Statistics of disaster damage to public infrastructure”
Water and Disaster Management Bureau of the Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

3. “Annual report of disaster damage”
Fire and Disaster Management Agency of the Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications

4. “Survey on agricultural damage, farm product statistics”
Statistics Department, Minister's Secretariat, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry
and Fisheries

5. “Statistics of disaster damage to farmland and agricultural
facilities”
Rural Development Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

36Statistics of water-related disaster damage (since 1961)•Actual damage caused by water-related hazards such as floods,
landslides, storm surges, tsunamis, etc.
Damage to General Properties
buildings, household commodities, machineries forbusinesses, agricultural products

Damage to Assets for PublicServices
Transportation, communication, etc

Damage to public
Infrastructures
・Costs for recovery works, etc

37

Statistics of water-related disaster damage (since 1961)
Occurrence ofwater-related
disasterNational Government(MLIT)
Prefectures
Develop guidelines(procedure of the survey, survey
format, fill-in guidelines, etc.)-Aggregate the survey data
-Calculate economic loss

General properties

Public infrastructures

Public Services

Municipalities

Municipalities

Submit within 45
days of disasteroccurrence

Public Services
Offices

Prefectures
SubmitSubmitPrefectures

SubmitAggregate, organize, andscreen the survey data

-Compile and publish theStatistics-Upload the data to the
DB server of the Statistics

Access to the Statistics DB

National Government(Regional Offices, etc.)
Query and view the survey data

38

Utilization of the statistics :• Estimation of Total Economic Loss
Tokai Storm of 2000, September 11-13

1%
1%

Obu City and Kariya City, Aichi September 12,2000

11%
General assets
Agriculture
Public infrastructures
Public Services
87%

Total economic loss
771,492 million JPY
Nishi-Biwajima, Aichi in Shinkawa river

39

Utilization of the statistics :• Identification of Effects of Preventive Measures

The case of Heavy Rain in Tokai (2000.9)
Effectiveness of prevention
550 billion yen
670
billionyen

71.6 billion yen ofinvestment could
have reduce 550
billion yen of
120 billion damages

yen

Total
lossesEstimatedlosses withprevention
measures

Cost ofPrevention
MeasuresInundation in Nishibiwajima Town
40

Global Target (a)- Substantially reduce global disaster mortality by
2030, aiming to lower average per 100,000 global
mortality between 2020-2030 compared to 20052015.

41

Number of deaths andmissing / presumed
A-1
dead due to hazardous
events per 100,000

Data in Japan
Item / Data Source(A-2 + A-3)
Number of deaths
Number of missing

Number of deaths,
Number of persons seriously injured
missing, injured,*treatment of 1 month and up
A-1
displaced or evacuatedalt.
due to hazardous events
per 100,000.
Number of persons slightly injured*treatment of less than 1 month
Number of deaths due
to hazardous events
Number of missing
persons / presumed
A-3
dead due to hazardous
events.
A-2

Feasibility
OK

No dataavailable on
number ofpeople who
were actuallydisplaced or
evacuated.

Number of deaths /OK

Number of missing /OK

42

Global Target (a)Our Proposal on the Global Indicators :• The sum of number of deaths and number ofmissing persons.
(relevant and feasible)

43

Global Target (b)- Substantially reduce the number of affected
people globally by 2030, aiming to lower the
average global figure per 100,000 between 20202030 compared to 2005-2015.

44

B-1

B-2

Number of affected
people by hazardous
event per 100,000.

Data in Japan
Item / Data Source

Number of persons seriously injured
Number of injured or *treatment of 1 month and up
ill people due to
Number of persons slightly injured
hazardous events.
*treatment of less than 1 month

Feasibility

Injure is OK.
(Ill people
cannot be
counted.)No dataavailable on
number ofpeople who
left theirplaces ofresidence

Number of people
who left their places
B-3
of residence due tohazardous events.
Number of persons with house(s) half damaged
B-4

Number of people
whose houses weredamaged due tohazardous events.

Number of persons with house(s) partly damaged
Number of persons with house(s) flooded above
floor
Number of persons with house(s) flooded below
floor

OK

45

Number of people
whose houses wereB-5
destroyed due tohazardous events.
Number of people
who received aid
B-6 including food andnonfood aid due tohazardous events.

Data in Japan
Item / Data Source
Number of persons with house(s) totally damaged

Feasibility
OK

Number of households of farmers and fishermen
Number of people
whose houses used as the workplace were damaged
whose livelihoods
due to water-related disasters
B-7 were disrupted,
destroyed or lost due
to hazardous events. Number of workers in offices damaged due towater-related disasters

46

Global Target (b)Our Proposal on the Global Indicators :• As proxies for the number of people whose
livelihoods were disrupted, destroyed or lost,
number of people whose houses were damaged
or destroyed.
(relevant and feasible)

47

Global Target (c)- Reduce direct disaster economic loss in relation
to global gross domestic product (GDP) by 2030.

48

Direct economic loss
due to hazardous
C-1 events in relation to
global gross domestic
product.

Data in Japan
Item / Data Source

Feasibility

Area (ha) of damaged farmlands
Weight (ton) of damaged agricultural products
Loss (yen) of damaged agricultural products
Direct agricultural loss
C-2 due to hazardous
events.

Recovery cost (yen) of damaged farmlands
Recovery cost (yen) of damaged agricultural
facilities

OK

Direct economic loss (yen) to livestock industry
Direct economic loss (yen) to forestry
Direct economic loss (yen) to fishery49Direct economic loss
due to industrial
C-3 facilities damaged or
destroyed byhazardous events.

Direct economic loss
due to commercial
C-4 facilities damaged or
destroyed byhazardous events.

Data in Japan
Item / Data Source
Feasibility
Direct economic loss (yen) to commerce and industry(other than buildings)
Number of offices (on the ground) damaged due towater-related disasters
Number of offices (underground) damaged due towater-related disasters
Economic loss of assets in offices (yen) due to waterOK
related disasters(However,Economic loss of assets of transport (yen) due toonly a limited
water-related disasters
portion is
Economic loss of assets of telecommunication (yen)covered.)due to water-related disasters
Economic loss of assets of power companies (yen)due to water-related disasters
Economic loss of assets of gas companies (yen) due
to water-related disasters
Economic loss of assets of water suppliers (yen) due
to water-related disasters
Direct economic loss other than buildings (yen) tocommerce and industry
OK
Number of offices (on the ground) damaged due to(However,water-related disasters
only a limited
Number of offices (underground) damaged due toportion iswater-related disasters
covered.)Economic loss of assets in offices (yen) due to waterrelated disasters

50

Data in Japan
Item / Data Source
Number of houses half damaged
Number of houses partly damaged
Number of houses flooded above floor
Number of houses flooded below floor
Direct economic loss
C-5 due to houses damaged Direct economic loss to houses (buildings) due towater-related disasters
by hazardous events.

Feasibility

OK*economic loss to houses totally damaged is included.

Direct economic loss to assets in houses due towater-related disasters*economic loss to houses totally damaged is included.

Direct economic loss
due to houses
Number of houses totally damaged
C-6
destroyed by hazardous
eventsNumber of damaged hospitals
Direct economic loss
Damage amount (yen) to educational facilities
due to damage toC-7
critical infrastructure
Number of damaged schools
caused by hazardous
Recovery cost (yen) of damaged roads
events.

OK
OK(Also available
for otherinfrastructures)

51

Data in Japan
Item / Data Source

Feasibility

Direct economic loss
due to cultural
C-8 heritage damaged or
destroyed byhazardous events.
Direct economic loss
due to environment
C-9degraded byhazardous events.
Financial transfer andaccess to insurance.
C-10 (Total insured direct
losses due tohazardous events)
Direct economic
losses due toC-11 disruptions to basic
services
Direct economic loss Recovery cost (yen) of damaged roads
due to service sectors Recovery cost (yen) of damaged bridges(such asAvailable for
Recovery cost (yen) of damaged ports
someC-12 transportation,
tourism, finance)
Economic loss of assets of transport (yen) due to sectors.
caused by hazardous water-related disasters
events.

52Global Target (c)Our Proposal on the Global Indicators :• Direct agricultural loss and direct economic
loss due to houses damaged and destroyed.
(relevant and feasible)• Direct economic loss to industry andcommercial. Various approaches to estimate loss
should be allowed.
(relevant, but difficulty in data collection)• Direct economic loss due to damage to criticalinfrastructure.
(relevant and feasible)
53

Global Target (d)- Substantially reduce disaster damage to criticalinfrastructure and disruption of basic services,among them health and educational facilities,
including through developing their resilience by
2030.

54

Data in Japan
Item / Data Source

D-1

D-1
bis.

D-2

D-3

Damage to criticalinfrastructure due tohazardous events.
Number of electricity
plants andtransmission towers
destroyed or damagedby hazardous events.
Number of healthfacilities destroyed or
Number of damaged hospitals
damaged byhazardous events.
Number of
educational facilities
Number of damaged schools
destroyed or damagedby hazardous events.

Feasibility

OK

OK

55

Data in Japan
Item / Data Source
Number of damages to ports
Number of damages to roads
Number of damages to bridges

Number oftransportation units
D-4 and infrastructures
destroyed or damaged
Number of places where railways were interrupted
by hazardous events.
Number of damaged hospitals
Number of damaged schools
Number of damages to ports
Number of damages to roads
Number of damages to bridges
Number of places where railways were interrupted
Number of ships destroyed
Number of basic
Number of houses with interruption of tap water
services have been
D-5
servicedisrupted due to
Number of damages to sewage systems
hazardous events.

Feasibility
OK

OK

Number of damages to solid waste management
and excrement treatment

Number of houses with interruption of electricity
service
Number of houses with interruption of telephone
Number of houses with interruption of gas service

56

Data in Japan
Item / Data Source

Number of security service
D-7 structures destroyed ordamaged by hazardous events.
Number of tourist infrastructure
D-8 facilities destroyed or damagedby hazardous events.
Number of communication
D-10 infrastructure destroyed ofdamaged by hazardous events.
Number of agricultural facilities
Number of damaged agricultural facilities
D-13 destroyed of damaged byhazardous events.
Number of water and sanitation Number of damages to sewage systems
D-14 infrastructures destroyed ordamaged by hazardous events.
Number of damages to solid waste
management and excrement treatment
Number of days financial
D-15 services have been disrupted
due to hazardous events.

Feasibility

OK

OK

57

Global Target (d)Our Proposal on the Global Indicators :• Economic loss to public infrastructures.
Extra burden of processing existing data can be
avoided.
(relevant and feasible)

58Some points to be considered in the indicator discussion :1. Clarify the priority of indicators to be monitored, to encourage
establishing sustainable systems in each country;
2. Devise systems which incentivize the process of surveying,collecting and accumulating basic data;
Link between recovery cost of infrastructures and allocation of funding

3. Collect data for all disasters including small-scale disasters;
and
4. Disaggregate by disaster types, to provide basis for policy
prioritization and decision of investment strategy.
59

A proposal :1. Assess feasibility in some volunteer countries, in view ofpractical data availability and submit results to thesecretariat.
2. Reflect the results in the decision process, to selectrealistically operational indicators.

60

Tohoku University’s commitments
1. Global Centre for Disaster Statistics
2. World Bosai Forum

61

Global Centre for Disaster Statistics
Launch of the Global Centre for Disaster Statistics
during the WCDRR in Sendai (15 March 2015)

62

63

Why disaster damage statistics based on official sources?

64

No data
No science
Scientists telling things without data are fortunetellers

65

Disasters have previous records!
Investigation of previous disasters helps understand risk in the area.

66

Global Centre for Disaster Statistics
Contribution to the UNISDR for monitoring the progress on the Sendai Frameworkfor Disaster Risk Reduction
Support Governments to develop DRR policy
Stimulate DRR research
Potential contribution to the GADRIHow does it work?
UN

Sendai Framework for
Disaster Risk Reduction

UNISDR

2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development

Contribution

UNDP
Bureau for Policy
and Programme
Support

UNDP
Country Officenational disaster damage• Policy advice• Institutional capacity
development

Countries• Develop and utilize
national disaster damage
and loss database• Archive data
• Scientific analysis• Visualization of disaster information
with GIS• Research on innovative modules• Assist generating policy
Information recommendations
Data

Global
Database

ESCAP
Economic and Social
Commission for Asiaand the Pacific

JICA

Japan International
Cooperation Agency

ICHARM

International Centre
for Water Hazard and
Risk Management

Global Centre forDisaster Statistics• Support to development ofand loss databases

Cooperation• Management(Operational support, Budget allocation)• Research and analysis

Support• Technical advice• Quality assurance

IRIDeSInternational
Cooperation
Research Institute ofDisaster Science

ADRC

Asia Disaster
Reduction Center

IRP

International
Recovery Platform

Private Sector
Support• Technical support(ICTsupport, GIStools,etc.)• Operational support

Current Situations Overview

Existing international databases on disaster losses
Ownership
Scope of thedatabase

Disaster
Collected
Data Source

EM-DAT database NatCatSERVICE
CRED:Munich Reinsurance

DesInventar format
Mostly Governments

126 countries

Not Identified

Over 82 countries

21,468 events
1990-Present

21,700 events
1980-Present

Over 490,000 events

Centre for Research on the
Epidemiology of Disasters

Disasters whichmeet a certain
criteria
Multiple Source(UN agencies, Countries, Red
Cross, Red Crescent, World
Bank, Reinsurance, Media)※mainly developed countries

Some by NGO, ResearchInstitute etc.

Depends on the country(Oldest record )Disasters with Human All Disasters
or Economic loss
Insurance Company
based (Munich Reinsurance
offices and clients, International
Insurance association)

Authorized by theGovernment

Current Situation Overview

What is missing in the existing databases?

• Large-scale disasters are well reported whilesmaller scale ones are not
NatCatSERVICE

Large-scale disaster
Insurance: Developed countries

EM-DatMiddle-scale disaster

Missing Data!!

Small-scale disaster

100 affected or 10 deaths

DesInventar – as a good tool

Current Situation Overview• Disaggregated disaster damage and loss data regardless of the size ofthe events in spreadsheet compiled by government officials• Web-based platform to provide simple visual images, including
graphs and maps
• Some countries created their own system after adapting the
DesInventar

Sample of Database in Sri Lanka(DesInventar platform)

Sample of Database in Indonesia(modified DesInventar platform)

1. Scope and coverage• Including extensive disaster data

*Capture small-scale disaster data
*Data disaggregated by demographic, social, and economic characteristics• Meta data (nature and source of data is known)

2. Data from official sources
Global Centre forDisaster Statistics• Disaster data from governments(utilizing DesInventar methodology)*Provided by National Disaster Management Offices*Based on data from local governments*UNDP, JICA, and others would provide bi-lateralsupport to countries• Incentives to data entry efforts*Tangible and visual outcomes would attract
continuation of data entering efforts by local
government officials- while being enforced by disasteracts and laws

Global Database
Country
C

Country
B

Country A

National Database
Inputs from local officials

3. Support monitoring the progress in the implementation of
the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction• A new database can serve as a platform for international data
sharing to stimulate research in disaster risk reduction, foreducation, etc.
• The data will be archived in a standardized format

Waiting for the intergovernmental process on the indicators to monitor targets of
the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction by UNISDR(a)Substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030, aiming to lower the average per
100,000 global mortality rate in the decade 2020–2030 compared to the period 2005– 2015;(b)Substantially reduce the number of affected people globally by 2030, aiming to lower the
average global figure per 100,000 in the decade 2020–2030 compared to the period 2005–
2015(c) Reduce direct disaster economic loss in relation to global gross domestic product (GDP) by
2030(d)Substantially reduce disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services,among them health and educational facilities, including through developing their resilience by
2030※Partly possible to monitor

4. Analysis• Macro-economic analysis*One example of the analysis to evaluate theeffect of pre-disaster investment• Analysis based on disaggregated data

*Data disaggregated by social, demographic,
and economic characteristics

DR2AD model, developed by JICA, to quantitatively estimate theeffect of pre-disaster investment to economic development• Provide inputs to advocacy material on disaster risk reduction*Supporting UNISDR by providing materials to the
Global Assessment Report (GAR)
ESCAP’s Asia-Pacific Disaster Report, etc.

5. Supporting National/Local Governments• Enhanced Governance and providing technical and institutional
capacity*Trainings for disaster damage data collection*Technical advisory on disaster statistics analysis• For policy making in disaster risk reduction*Develop a system to generate National/Local White Book on Disaster Risk
Reduction semi-automatically*Such Reports would generate effective policy on DRR

[Image of the White Book on DRR]

•Trend of the disasters

Annual Report
Disaster in 2015

⁃ Maps, Charts, Graphs etc.

Disaster Worst 5
1.Earthquake xx,Feb Death: x,x00
2.Drought
xx,Aug Death: xx0
3.Floodxx,Oct Death: xEconomic loss: xxmillionUS$
4.・・・・
Photo
Photo
5.・・・・

Poverty and Disaster

Progress on SDGs & SFDRR
SDGs
Goal X
Target A

SFDRR
Goal 1

Goal Y
Target B

Goal 2

OO% achieved
Comments
According to the
database, ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ is needed to by
developed.

Achieved
Target C

Bellow Target

Contents of the White Book

X,XX00 person
Bellow target
XX,X00 person
Achieved
Goal 3

X,XXX,X00 US$
Bellow Target•Details of disasters⁃ Information on disasters⁃ Photos•Analysis⁃ Correlational analysis on disaster damage and loss datawith other variables acquired by Census

Ex. Relationship between poverty and disasterrisks at local level

Data – Analysis - Insight★Policy recommendation

Countries★ Mainstreaming ofDisaster Risk
Reduction★Global Database on
Disaster Loss & Damage★Support Monitoringof SFDRR and SDGs

★ Scientific Analysis
for policy making★Innovative modules★ Technical AdviceWe have a dream80World Bosai Forum
Bosai: DRR
世界防災フォーラム
世界防災论坛
81

82

Future Actions after the UN WCDRR(2)•World Bosai Forum (tentative)- Continue discussions generated during the 3rd United Nations World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction.
- Theme: The broad setting of disaster risk reduction and recovery- Periodic meetings (once every two years) in Tohoku and Sendai to contribute to the efforts for disaster risk reduction in Japan and overseas
while continuing the support for the recovery of Tohoku.
- Planning creative events such as plenary meetings, symposiums and exhibition and think together with the government, international agencies
including the United Nations, companies, academia, NGOs and citizens- Collaboration with ISDR and Global Risk Forum (Davos)
Association of Pacific Rim
Universities (APRU) MultiHazards Program

83
83