Improving the Understanding ofTsunami Risk
Teuku Alvisyahrin
TDMRC – Graduate Program in Disaster Science
Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Online Tsunami Seminar
Asian Disaster Reduction Center – Kobe - JAPAN – 15 June 2022

Highly Dynamic Pacific Ring-of-Fire

Source: Mancini (2021)

TDMRC – Graduate Program in Disaster Science
Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Selected Global Tsunami Events
Tsunami EventDate

Mw

Mechanism

H-Losses

TEWS

I.O./Sumatra, INA 26 Dec ‘04 9.3 Subduct. Zone tectonic
200,000+Sendai, JAPAN11 Mar ‘11 9.0 Subduct. Zone Tectonic
20,000Palu, Sulawesi, INA 28 Sep ‘18 7.5 Non-Tectonic -Landslide
4,340
Sunda Strait, INA 22 Dec ‘18- Volcanic erupt./flank collapse 430+TONGA, S. Pacific 15 Jan ‘22- Volcanic eruption-Explosion
6No
Yes
NoNo
VEWS

TDMRC – Graduate Program in Disaster Science
Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Palu, SEP 2018 M7.5 Landslide-Induced Tsunami

Source: Valkaniotis et al. (2018)

TDMRC – Graduate Program in Disaster Science
Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Palu, SEP 2018 M7.5 Landslide-Induced Tsunami Impact

TDMRC – Graduate Program in Disaster Science
Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

TDMRC – Graduate Program in Disaster Science
Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Volcanic Eruption-Induced Tsunami

Source: Geoscience Australia

TDMRC – Graduate Program in Disaster Science
Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Sunda Strait DEC 2018 Volcanic Eruption-Induced Tsunami Impact

Source: Tribunnews (2019)

TDMRC – Graduate Program in Disaster Science
Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Tsunami Risk and its Understanding
Hazard perspective:• Source mechanism: Tectonic, non-tectonic: Volcanic eruption, landslide• Cascading multi hazards: fire, explosion, epidemy, etc.
Vulnerability perspective:
Multi hazard-specific structures and infrastructure, socio-environment
Capacity perspective:
Tsunami risk governance

TDMRC – Graduate Program in Disaster Science
Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Conventional Disaster Risk Perspective

HAZARDDISASTER
EVENT

RISK
Vulnerability

TDMRC – Graduate Program in Disaster Science
Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Cascading/Systemic Disaster Risk Perspective
DISASTEREVENT

HAZARD-A

Vulnerability
RISK-AHAZARD-B
RISK-BHAZARD-C

RISK-C

Compound Risk

TDMRC – Graduate Program in Disaster Science
Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Non-tectonic Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Effort in Indonesia
Strategy

Stakeholder

Status

StructuralPolicy: TEWS

Progress made – IDSL

Non-structural

Policy: Advocacy, Preparedness,
Risk assessment, Regulations,Instruments, Spatial planning

Very early phase

Community: Awareness,
Education

Yet to Start

TDMRC – Graduate Program in Disaster Science
Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

IDSL - Tsunami Early Warning System
Inexpensive Device for Sea Level Measurement• Developed at the Joint Research Center of EC.
• Installed in Indonesia in collaboration with
Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Affairs,BMKG, Geospatial Information Agency,Indonesian Tsunami Experts Association,
UNESCO/IOC, etc.
• Cheap, very effective, short latency time,robust, reliable, relatively easy maintenance.

TDMRC – Graduate Program in Disaster Science
Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

IDSL Units Installed in Indonesia

Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Affairs, Indonesia

TDMRC – Graduate Program in Disaster Science
Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Selected Research on Recent Non-Tectonic Tsunamis in Indonesia
Authors

DateLocation

TopicMajor Finding

Ye et al.

2020

Sunda Str.

Volcanic landslide

Flank collapse of A. Krakatau

Widiyanto et al.

2019

Palu

Post-tsunami survey

Tsunami arrived in 3-8 min.

Husrin et al.

2020

Palu

Tsunami simulation

Palu Bay hydrodynamics isimportant for simulation

Haridhi et al.

2022

N. Sumatra

Submarine landslide

Sumatran fault EQ could
cause submarine landslides

TDMRC – Graduate Program in Disaster Science
Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Efforts Needed to Improve Tsunami Risk Mitigation in Indonesia

1. Comprehensive tectonic and non-tectonic source mechanism mapping
2. Installation of seismometers to monitor submarine volcanic activity
3. Installation of IDSL units in areas prone to near-field tsunamis
4. Integration of disaster risk reduction into coastal spatial planning
5. Assessment of coastal and submarine landslide dynamics
6. Strengthening the coordination for End-to-End TEWS dissemination
7. Community awareness raising for non-tectonic tsunamis
8. Drafting of regulations and SOPs for non-tectonic tsunami risk mitigation

TDMRC – Graduate Program in Disaster Science
Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

THANK YOU

TDMRC – Graduate Program in Disaster Science
Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia