2023.1 - 12

JP Domain Name
Registry ReportJapan Registry Services Co.,Ltd.

Introduction
As technology advances, the Internet is being used in more broad and diverse
areas of society. The Internet has become an integral part of society as services
provided over the Internet, such as teleworking, online learning and telemedicine,have taken root in people’s lives, and as AI technology and the digitaltransformation continue to advance. The communications infrastructure supporting
Internet-based services and technologies, as well as the Domain Name System( DNS ) and domain names underpinning the Internet, are also becoming evenmore important.
With this background, the total number of JP domain name registrations
surpassed 1.75 million as of January 2024. Of those, 1.19 million are registered as
General-use JP domain names, accounting for about 70% of total registrations.
550,000 names are Organizational Type JP domain names, the domain namespace categorized by organizational type of registrants. Over 470,000 names areregistered under “co.jp,” making it the most registered category in Organizational
Type JP domain names; many companies are using “co.jp” domain names.
JPRS continued its efforts in 2023 to improve JP domain name services, develop
systems and carry out promotional activities to facilitate the use of JP domainnames and deliver greater value to users.
Incidents and crises that threaten the stable operation of the Internet, such as
vulnerabilities in DNS software, continue to occur. In such circumstances, JPRS,
as a company that supports the basis of the Internet society through domainnames and DNS, tackles the challenges and risks and provides information in atimely manner.
JPRS also actively contributes to discussions on global issues and conveys
relevant information to the community in Japan to make the Internet safe foreveryone to use.
The management and administration of JP domain names requires a high level ofcommitment to enhancing the public interest and staying ahead of the competition.
Recognizing this vital nature of its services and influence on society, JPRS carries
out its tasks and publishes the annual “JP Domain Name Registry Report” on its
management and administration of JP domain names.
JPRS will continue to ensure that JP domain names remain useful and contributeto the development of the Internet society.

Koki Higashida
President
Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd.

Registry Report Index

01 Registry Activities
01・1 Goal of JPRS as the JP Domain Name Registry2

01・2 Major Topics of 2023

3

01・3 International Relations

10

01・4 Activities in Japan19

01・5 Overview of this Term’s Activities and Challenges for the Future

23

02 Statistical Information
02・1 Change in the Number of Registered JP Domain Names

24

02・2 Breakdown of JP Domain Name Registrations by Name Space25

02・3 Number of JP Domain Name Registrations by Prefecture26

02・4 Transition of DNS Configuration Rate

27

02・5 Number of Accredited JP Registrars

28

02・6 Number of Complaints Based on JP Domain Name
Dispute Resolution Policy (JP-DRP)

29

03 Reference
03・1 History30

03・2 JP Domain Name Advisory Committee

31

03・3 Proposals and Presentations

32

03・4 Press Releases

34

03・5 Provision of Technical Information Related to DNS

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Registry Activities

01・1 Goal of JPRS as the JP Domain Name Registry
Our main objectives as the registry are: to continuously improve the value of JP domain names; to gain stronger

support from the local and global Internet community; and to provide domain names as well as management andadministration services that contribute to society in an environment where JPRS competes and collaborates withother registries of TLDs *1 and similar service providers.

JPRS defines the following Four Pillars as the core concepts for its services including the management andadministration of JP domain names.

Reliability: establishing services with social credibility
Stability: operating and administering stable systems
Usability: providing user-friendly services

Fee Performance: setting reasonable service fees
With the mission of supporting the Internet infrastructure, JPRS considers it important to ensure reliability andstability while pursuing a good balance with usability and fee performance.

*1 TLD : Top Level Domain

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01・2 Major Topics of 2023
In 2023, JPRS continued to contribute to the development of the Internet and worked to enhance its JP registry
services and the value of JP domain names in cooperation with the JP Registrars and other related organizations.

Publication of “Internet White Paper 2023” with JPRS
Participating in Planning and Editing (February)“Internet White Paper” is a yearbook that summarizes the current state of the Internet

from various perspectives including that of business, society and technology. Its 2023
edition, “Internet White Paper 2023 (subtitle: A Fragmented World and Internet
Governance),” was published. JPRS has been collaborating with Impress

Corporation*1, IAjapan*2 and JPNIC*3 in the Internet White Paper Editorial Committee

in planning and steering the White Paper since 2013.

In addition, “Internet White Paper 2022” published in 2022 was added to “Internet

White Paper ARCHIVES,” the website organized and operated by the Internet White
Paper Editorial Committee. “Internet White Paper ARCHIVES” is a compendium ofInternet White Paper 2023

Internet White Papers, which are published annually and span from 1996 to theprevious year’s edition. The archive is publicly available free of charge. Goingforward, the white paper that becomes a back issue in the year following its
publication will also be added to the archive.

https://jprs.co.jp/topics/2023/230222.html (in Japanese)
https://jprs.co.jp/topics/2023/230228.html (in Japanese)

Support for the 25th Japan Junior/Senior High School Web Contest (February)
JPRS supported the “25th Japan Junior/Senior High School Web Contest* 4,” a Web contest that was held by
JAPIAS* 5 for junior and senior high school students. Forty-eight General-use JP domain names ( ASCII andJapanese) were provided free of charge to the 24 semi-finalist teams.

JPRS also presented the “Best Domain Naming Award” to the team who had chosen the most effective domainname to increase the appeal of their work.

https://jprs.co.jp/press/2023/230220.html (in Japanese)*1 Impress Corporation
https://www.impress.co.jp/ (in Japanese)*2 IAjapan: Internet Association Japan
https://www.iajapan.org/index-en.html*3 JPNIC: Japan Network Information Center
https://www.nic.ad.jp/en/*4 Japan Junior/Senior High School Web Contest
http://webcon.japias.jp/ (in Japanese)*5 JAPIAS: Japan Association for Promotion of Internet Application in School Education
http://japias.jp/ (in Japanese)

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Registry Activities

Visit to Elementary and Junior High Schools to Conduct Classes (March and September)
As part of its Internet-related educational support activities, JPRS visited Senri International School of Kwansei
Gakuin Middle School in March 2023 to conduct a class entitled “Understanding How the Internet Works to
Support Today’s and Tomorrow’s Society.”In the class, students presented their ideas for solving social issues using the Internet, and JPRS demonstrated

its information education website, “Ponta’s Internet Class,” to describe the mechanisms that underpin the Internetwith various stakeholders involved.

In addition, JPRS visited Teikyo University Elementary School in September 2023 and gave a class titled “Great

Adventure in the World of the Internet: Finding Just One Website,” where students learned how domain names
are used to access websites and were introduced to ccTLDs*6.

Support for IETF 116 (March)
JPRS supported IETF 116*7 held in Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture
as a sponsor and helped to organize the meeting.

At “Host Equipment Demos,” an event where hosts and sponsors introduced
their products and services using IETF technologies, JPRS exhibited

technical information such as “Points to Note about Using DNS to Check theAdministrative Authority of a Domain Name,” distributed materials, andshowcased “Ponta’s Internet Class,” an information education website that it
had created.

https://jprs.co.jp/topics/2023/230315.html (in Japanese)*6 ccTLD: Country Code Top Level Domain*7 IETF 116
https://ietf116.jp/ (The official site of the 116th IETF Meeting Japan Organizing Committee; in Japanese)

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Host Equipment DemosFree Graphical Comic-style Booklet on the Internet System Sent to Junior andSenior High Schools and Technical Colleges across Japan (May–June)
As part of its Internet-related educational activities, JPRS set up channels including a

special website “https://マンガで学ぶ.jp/” (Learn from Manga) where junior and seniorhigh school and technical colleges could apply to receive educational materials from May
15 to June 30, 2023. Recognizing the growing importance of Internet-related educationand the shortage of teaching materials in schools, JPRS has worked on this project since2010. A total of over 350,000 copies have been distributed through this activity to date.

The material that JPRS gave out is a graphical comic-style booklet entitled “Ponta’s

Great Adventure in the Network.” It contains a story with many illustrations to help
readers learn easily how to reach websites and how a “domain name,” an Internet
address, as well as HTTPS, a secure means of communication for exchanging
information, work.

Ponta s Great Adventurein the Network

JPRS also runs a website called “Ponta’s Internet Class” which is linked to the contentsof the booklet. The site explains domain names as well as DNS and suggests study
guidelines that conform to the Course of Study for junior high schools.
https://jprs.co.jp/press/2023/230515.html (in Japanese)

Participation in Interop Tokyo 2023 (June)
JPRS ran a booth at the “Interop Tokyo 2023” exhibition, an event wherevisitors can experience the latest ICT and related solutions.

The JPRS booth provided information, including the basics of domain names,

DNS and server certificates as well as key points for improving the availability ofauthoritative DNS servers. In addition, JPRS provided information to visitors
through a panel exhibition and by distributing technical documents.

https://jprs.jp/related-info/event/2023/0630_interop.html (in Japanese)

JPRS boothRegistry Report 2023

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Registry Activities

Support for “Oshigoto Hakubutsukan,” a Career Education Support Programby Asahi Shimbun (June)
Recognizing the importance of career education for the children who will lead the next
generation and the benefits of understanding the Internet infrastructure at an early age,
JPRS co-sponsored “Oshigoto Hakubutsukan* 8 ( Occupations Museum ) ,” a career

education support program conducted by Asahi Shimbun Company. JPRS also provided

the program with educational materials regarding domain names.
Under the program, “Oshigoto Nenkan (Occupations Yearbook)” is distributed to schools

free of charge, and clearly explains to students how businesses and institutions work. The
yearbook complies with government guidelines on education and can be used as ateaching tool. A total of 75,000 copies of the 2023 yearbook were donated to about 20,000

elementary schools and 10,000 junior high schools across the country, and the contents

Oshigoto Nenkan 2023

are also published on the web version of “Oshigoto Hakubutsukan.”
https://jprs.co.jp/topics/2023/230616.html (in Japanese)

Support for Internet Week Showcase in Sapporo (June)
Internet Week Showcase is a free event that features carefully selected programs of the previous year’s Internet
Week, a conference held by JPNIC in Tokyo every year around November.

JPRS supported Internet Week Showcase in Sapporo as a sponsor and gave a presentation entitled “Looking Backat DNS’s Weaknesses and Looking Ahead to its Future: Lunch with DNS.”
https://jprs.co.jp/topics/2023/230714.html (in Japanese)

JPRS Held the 14th “.jp DNSSEC Key Ceremony” (September)
In public-key cryptography, a key ceremony is a procedure in which a unique pair of private and public keys is

generated. In JPRS, “.jp DNSSEC Key Ceremony” is a procedure for creating key- and zone-signing keys andsigning the jp zone.

It is vital for the reliability and stability of DNSSEC that the procedure for generating and managing the key pairs is
properly and securely executed. For this reason, JPRS invites External Witnesses, who are not affiliated with JPRS,
to the .jp DNSSEC Key Ceremony. Two External Witnesses observed and confirmed the process in the 14th
ceremony held on September 19, 2023.

https://jprs.co.jp/en/topics/2023/230920.html*8 Oshigoto Hakubutsukan
https://www.oshihaku.jp/ (in Japanese)

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AuthCode Made Mandatory in the JP Registrar Change Process (November)
JPRS made “AuthCode” mandatory on November 13, 2023. AuthCode, originally introduced on November 13, 2022,
is a measure to prevent changes of JP Registrar (including domain name transfers with a change of JP Registrar)from occurring without the intention of the JP domain name registrant.

A registrant can obtain an AuthCode through the current JP Registrar and use it to make sure that a request for achange of JP Registrar has been made genuinely and in accordance with the registrant’s intent.
https://jprs.jp/about/dom-rule/agent-change/index.html (in Japanese)

Support for Internet Week 2023 (November)
JPRS supported Internet Week 2023 as a sponsor and sent Kazunori Fujiwara
and Kazuki Ikeda to serve on the Program Committee and contribute to theplanning of DNS-related sessions.

In addition, Shimpei Abe, Yuri Takamatsu and Kazunori Fujiwara of JPRS

introduced domain names, DNS and other related topics in the program called“DNS DAY.”

Yasuhiro Morishita and Naoki Isonami of JPRS also gave a presentation entitled“Revisiting Glue Records: Lunch with DNS” as part of the lunchtime and teatime

Lunchtime Seminar at
Internet Week 2023

seminars.

https://jprs.co.jp/topics/2023/231108_2.html (in Japanese)

Lecture and Hands-On Training on DNS at Kyushu Sangyo University(November and December)
JPRS conducted a lecture and hands-on training on DNS for the Faculty of

Science and Engineering at Kyushu Sangyo University to raise awareness of thecompany and to promote understanding of and interest in domain names andDNS.

In the November lecture, Kazuki Ikeda, Hikaru Yoshino and Kento Gatto of JPRS
spoke to more than 100 students, using “Textbook to Understand DNS Well,” abook authored by JPRS engineers. They explained the basics of domain names
and DNS and demonstrated DNS and Whois services.

Hands-on training

They also held hands-on training in December and provided more practicalcoursework mainly to students who belonged to the laboratory. Through thetraining, students built their own full-service resolvers as well as authoritative
DNS servers and performed zone transfers between DNS servers.

The feedback received from students after the course was positive, with many

commenting that learning about the DNS, which they are rarely exposed to, wasa good opportunity to learn about its mechanism as well as its importance.

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Registry Activities

DNS Course at International Christian University (December)
As part of its efforts to make itself better known and to stimulate understanding
and interest in domain names and DNS, JPRS conducted a lecture on DNS at
the College of Liberal Arts, International Christian University.

Many international students participated in the course along with local students,
which reminded us that domain names and DNS are technologies of global
interest.

Masakazu Funato, Kento Gatto and Naoki Isonami of JPRS used “Textbook to
Understand DNS Well” to give the lecture, where they explained the basics ofLecture on DNS

domain names as well as DNS and let the students set up their own DNS andmail servers for sending and receiving emails.

Many students eagerly asked questions during and after the lecture, making it ahighly interesting class.

Distribution of “Poster to Acquire Internet Literacy” and “Desk Pad to Learn about ccTLDs”
Free of Charge to Educational Institutions across Japan (December)
JPRS distributed a poster entitled “Paper Classroom for Internet Literacy” anda desk pad named “World Domain Travelogue Special Edition,” which it had

produced as part of its Internet education support program, free of charge toeducational institutions such as junior high schools, high schools and technicalcolleges nationwide.

The purpose of this project was to help students understand domain names,
which they handle daily but are rarely aware of, by using the poster and desk
pad as learning tools.

Paper Classroom for Internet
Literacy (poster)

The poster covers the keywords studied in “Information I” in the information
technology course in high schools and explains the essential knowledge

required in an information society and the mechanisms for safe and secure useof the Internet, citing newspaper articles. The desk pad is designed to help

students learn about ccTLDs by answering quizzes on the countries or regions
to which those domains are allocated.

https://jprs.co.jp/press/2023/231212.html (in Japanese)

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World Domain Travelogue
Special Edition (desk pad)Support for SECCON 2023 (until December)
SECCON 2023*9 was a series of events held from June to December 2023 with the aim of recruiting and training
information security personnel and providing a place for hands-on experience with related technologies. JPRS
supported SECCON 2023 as a sponsor. It agrees with the purpose of SECCON and has cosponsored it since 2014.
https://jprs.co.jp/topics/2023/231220.html (in Japanese)

Events and Seminars for JP Registrars
JPRS organized the events and seminars for JP Registrars in a hybrid format, with both in-person and online
attendees. Video recordings and handouts were published for JP Registrars after each session.

“JP Registrar Seminar: An Introduction to Domain Name Registration and Administration” (May)JPRS explained the basics of JP domain names, how to register and administer them, as well as thefundamental structure of DNS to newly accredited JP Registrars and the staff of JP Registrars who recently
started handling JP domain names.

“JP Registrar Seminar: DNS Basics for Domain Name Service Representatives” (June)
JPRS spoke about the basic mechanism of DNS to newly accredited JP Registrars and the staff of JP
Registrars who recently started handling domain names.

“JPRS Partners’ Meeting” (October)
JPRS described the latest developments in the domain name industry, future service changes as well as
information useful for day-to-day operations to those staff members who were handling domain names in JP
Registrars.

*9 SECCON 2023
https://www.seccon.jp/2023/ (in Japanese)

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Registry Activities

01・3 International Relations
1. Participation in ICANNICANN*1 is a private non-profit organization established in the
United States in 1998 to coordinate globally the resources

underpinning the Internet, such as domain names and IP
addresses.

Since its foundation, JPRS has been actively participating in
the organization of ICANN and various policy discussions andsupporting the facilitation of Internet resource management led
by the private sector, with ICANN playing the central role. In
2002, JPRS signed a “ccTLD Sponsorship Agreement” withICANN and has since been entrusted by ICANN to serve as theICANN78

registry of Japan’s ccTLD “.jp.”

By participating in various organizations established within ICANN, as well as by giving presentations andinformation exchanges at various sessions, JPRS participates in policy development and implementation

planning to cope with issues facing ICANN and registries. As the .JP registry and one of the operators of the
Root DNS Server (hereinafter called Root Server), JPRS is sharing its experience with the global community
via ICANN, thereby contributing to the development of the Internet as a whole.

ICANN holds three public meetings each year to enable stakeholders from every country and region of theworld to participate and discuss Internet resource management and related rules. In 2023, ICANN76 was held
in Cancun, Mexico in March, ICANN77 in Washington, D.C., USA in June, and ICANN78 in Hamburg, Germanyin October, all in a hybrid format with both in-person and online attendees.

With the participation of numerous parties interested in ccTLD and gTLD*2, ICANN meetings have long been

an important forum for information-sharing and discussions on policies and governance concerning domainname management. The meetings provide a platform for the cross-community exchange of ideas on topics ofinterest to individual Supporting Organizations (SOs) and Advisory Committees (ACs), as well as subjects

related to Internet resources. As the year 2023 marked ICANN’s 25th anniversary, ICANN engaged in a special

effort to serve as a good example of the multistakeholder model throughout the meetings and thedecision-making process. A commemorative logo was displayed at the meeting venue, while the participants
reviewed ICANN’s past achievements and discussed the significance of the multistakeholder model and theneed to sustain it.

The following reports JPRS’s activities in the SOs and ACs within ICANN.

*1 ICANN: Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
https://www.icann.org/*2 gTLD: Generic Top Level Domain

10Registry Report 2023

(1) ccNSO
ccNSO*3 is one of the Supporting Organizations set up in ICANN to assist its activities. The role of ccNSO as analliance of ccTLD managers is to cooperate with the other Supporting Organizations in ICANN, form a consensus
in the ccTLD community on global issues concerning the entire ccTLD space and to make recommendations to

the ICANN Board. JPRS prepared for the establishment of the ccNSO in 2003 and has been a member sincethen. Hirofumi Hotta of JPRS served as a member of the ccNSO Council from its establishment to March 2020.
Also, Atsushi Endo of JPRS is a member of the SOPC (ccNSO Strategic and Operational Planning Standing

Committee)*4 which submits a petition regarding ICANN’s “Five-Year Operating and Financial Plan” and “Annual
Operating Plan and Budget.” Yuri Takamatsu is taking part in the MPC (ccNSO Meetings Programme Standing
Committee)*5 which designs programs for the ccNSO-related meetings as well as ccPDP4* 6 which develops

policy proposals for IDN*7 ccTLDs.

The ccNSO celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2023. It was established in 2003 as a result of the dissolution andreorganization of the DNSO (Domain Name Supporting Organization) following the structural change of ICANN’s
Supporting Organizations.

The ccNSO meetings in 2023 commemorated the 20th anniversary and were attended by the past ccNSO Chairs

who shared memorable events from their tenure to help the members learn more about the history and the basic
concept of the ccNSO. In addition, a small-group discussion on the topics of future importance to the ccNSO,

which had been solicited from the meeting participants, and exchange of ideas for future ccNSO-wide activities
were held to re-evaluate the ccNSO in a variety of ways.

As part of its effort to mitigate DNS abuse, the DNS Abuse Standing Committee* 8, which has been active since2022, launched a repository of relevant materials and information and started a dedicated mailing list to help

ccTLD Managers exchange information on DNS abuse with each other. The committee presented these tools at
the ccNSO meetings and encouraged the participants to utilize them.

*3 ccNSO: Country Code Names Supporting Organisation
https://ccnso.icann.org/*4 SOPChttps://ccnso.icann.org/en/workinggroups/sopiwg.htm*5 MPC
https://ccnso.icann.org/en/workinggroups/mpwg.htm*6 ccPDP4
https://ccnso.icann.org/en/workinggroups/idn-cctld-strings.htm*7 IDN: Internationalized Domain Name
*8 DNS Abuse Standing Committee
https://ccnso.icann.org/en/workinggroups/dasc.htm

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Registry Activities(2) RSSAC
The RSSAC*9 is one of the Advisory Committees within ICANN that advises the ICANN community and the Boardon matters relating to operation, administration, security, and integrity of the Root Server System. As one of theoperators of the M-Root DNS server, JPRS has been participating in the activities of the RSSAC in collaboration
with the WIDE Project*10, the other operator.

In 2023, the RSSAC continued its work on the new governance model through discussions and deliberations at

each ICANN meeting and during regular conference calls. In addition, as part of the review of existing
papers, ”Advisory on Service Expectation of Root Servers” (RSSAC001) and ”Advisory on Measurements of the
Root Server System” (RSSAC002) were updated.

Hirofumi Hotta of JPRS has been playing an active role in these discussions representing both two M-Root DNS

server operators. Moreover, Yoshitaka Aharen, Shinta Sato, Kazunori Fujiwara and Hirofumi Hotta of JPRS are on

the RSSAC Caucus tasked with considering and drafting proposals to the ICANN Board and the community. They
were involved in the publication of RSSAC001v2*11 and RSAC002v5*12 and the work of the RSS Security Incident

Reporting Work Party.

In addition, Hirofumi Hotta has been appointed by the RSSAC to the 2023 ICANN NomCom member andconcluded his role for a one-year term beginning after the annual general meeting during ICANN75 held in
September 2022.

The NomCom is an independent committee, in accordance with the ICANN Bylaws, tasked with selecting key

ICANN leadership positions, including some members of the ICANN Board of Directors and the PTI*13 Board, as
well as the ALAC* 14 , the ccNSO Council and the GNSO* 15 Council. The RSSAC elects one member to the

NomCom as the RSSAC Liaison from the RSSAC Caucus which is in charge of developing RSSAC documents,
such as reports and recommendations regarding the Root DNS Servers.

*9 RSSAC: Root Server System Advisory Committee
https://www.icann.org/groups/rssac*10 WIDE Project
https://www.wide.ad.jp/index_e.html*11 RSSAC001v2
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/rssac-001-root-service-expectations-01aug23-en.pdf*12 RSSAC002v5
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/rssac-002-measurements-root-22jun23-en.pdf*13 PTI: Public Technical Identifiers
https://pti.icann.org/*14 ALAC: At-Large Advisory Committee
https://atlarge.icann.org/*15 GNSO: Generic Names Supporting Organization
https://gnso.icann.org/en

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(3) Discussions on the Development of a Future Governance Model for the Root Server
SystemThe Root Server System consists of 13 sets of root DNS servers called A-M and is comprised of over 1,300

instances. These root DNS servers are operated stably by 12 Root Server Operators working together on a
voluntary basis.

As the importance of the Internet continues to grow, there are increasing calls for improved stability and assured
reliability for the operation of the Root Server System. Against this backdrop, the Root Server Operators took the

initiative in the RSSAC, one of ICANN’s Advisory Committees, to propose a more robust governance model that
could underpin the foundation of the Internet into the future.

The results of the discussion were submitted to the ICANN Board as RSSAC037*16 in June 2018, whereupon the
direction for deliberation based on RSSAC037 was approved by the ICANN Board. Subsequently, the ICANN
Root Server Governance Working Group (RSS GWG) was established in January 2020 to develop a concrete

governance model according to the direction for deliberation.

The RSS GWG initially consisted of ten members (two each from the ccNSO, ICANN Registry Stakeholder Groupand the IAB* 17 /IETF* 18 ; three from the Root Server Operators and one from the ICANN SSAC* 19 ) and threeliaisons (one each from IANA, the ICANN Board and the Root Zone Maintainer ). However, as the discussions

progressed, some Root Server Operators demanded that all the operators should participate in the discussions in
the RSS GWG as parties concerned. As such, all Root Server Operators have been taking part in the RSS GWG

since March 2022. Hirofumi Hotta of JPRS has engaged in the RSS GWG representing the M-Root DNS server
operator.

The RSS GWG continues to work on the proposed conditions for a new governance structure to be submitted to
the ICANN Board and the ICANN community by the end of 2024, and Hirofumi Hotta is participating in these
discussions.

*16 RSSAC037
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/rssac-037-15jun18-en.pdf*17 IAB: Internet Architecture Board
https://www.iab.org/*18 IETF: Internet Engineering Task Forcehttps://www.ietf.org/*19 SSAC: Security and Stability Advisory Committee
https://www.icann.org/groups/ssac

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Registry Activities

2. Participation in IETF
The IETF was established in 1986 by the IAB to promote
standardization of Internet technologies. There are a number ofworking groups (WGs) in the IETF that are developing
standards in various technology areas. Discussions and otheractivities of the IETF are handled via its mailing lists. The IETF
also holds meetings three times per year, and engineers gather
from every region across the world to attend these meetings.

In 2023, IETF 116 was held in Yokoyama in March, IETF 117 in
San Francisco, USA in July, and IETF 118 in Prague, Czech
Republic in November.

IETF 117JPRS is participating in the standardization activities in the IETF by suggesting solutions to the issues related

to DNS operations and proposing standardization of the technologies employed by registries. The following
reports on JPRS’s activities in the IETF.

(1) dnsop WG
The name of the dnsop WG*1 derives from DNS Operations. The working group aims to compile a guideline
for DNS operation in general, including administration of DNS servers and registration data.

JPRS has actively participated in the dnsop WG with its expertise as the JP DNS operator to point out the

ambiguity in the DNS protocol, present the issues caused by misconfigurations of DNS servers and discuss
the operational method of DNSSEC. Besides that, JPRS engineers co-authored RFC 4074, RFC 7719, RFC
8198 and RFC 8499, and these RFCs were issued thus far.

In 2023, discussions progressed on “draft-ietf-dnsop-avoid-fragmentation,” a proposal co-authored by

Kazunori Fujiwara of JPRS and Paul Vixie to avoid IP fragmentation in DNS. The document was submitted to
the IESG*2 in October after several revisions. Subsequently, another update was made in December.

Deliberations also progressed on “draft-ietf-dnsop-rfc8499bis,” a revision of RFC 8499 co-authored by Paul
Hoffman of ICANN and Kazunori Fujiwara of JPRS. Following several amendments, the draft was approvedfor publication as a BCP RFC on September 26.

*1 dnsop WG: Domain Name System Operations Working Grouphttps://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/dnsop/*2 IESG: Internet Engineering Steering Grouphttps://www.ietf.org/about/groups/iesg/

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3. Participation in Registry Associations(1) APTLDAPTLD*1 is an association composed of ccTLD registries mainly in the Asia Pacific (AP) region. JPRS has been amember of APTLD since 2002. As the JP registry, JPRS proposes improvements of APTLD activities, provides
information and exchanges views at presentations and discussions so that the ccTLD community in the AP region
can gain experience and expertise and raise the level of service standards. In addition, Yuri Takamatsu of JPRS
has been serving a key role of APTLD as a member of the APTLD Board of Directors since 2022.

In the APTLD meetings held twice a year, the groups and the organizations related to the region introduced theiractivities and the participants explained what they were implementing and considering, such as the service ofeach ccTLD registry and efforts to improve the security of domain names, which led to active discussions.

In a session on capacity building within organizations at the APTLD meeting held in February 2023, Keisuke Mii of
JPRS introduced its intra-company initiative to reinforce disaster response capacity by sharing operational

knowledge and expertise. In a session sharing examples of and concerns about visually similar characters invarious scripts, Hirofumi Hotta of JPRS shared examples in Japanese and the results of field research. At the

September APTLD meeting, Fumihiko Yoneda of JPRS talked about the company’s efforts and experiences in asession on how registries should engage with registrars to build and sustain relationships. In addition, Hirofumi
Hotta and Yuri Takamatsu of JPRS each moderated a session and contributed to mutual understanding anddiscussion among the members.

(2) CENTR
CENTR*2 is an association consisting of ccTLD registries mainly in Europe. As an Associate member, JPRS

shares information and exchanges opinions with other CENTR members. In addition, CENTR conducts surveys
and information-sharing among members, so JPRS is actively taking part in these activities to consider its futureservices in the light of what it learns in CENTR.

In 2023, Keisuke Mii of JPRS gave a presentation at the Admin Workshop held in February and September anddiscussed JPRS’s approach to handling disasters. Sumika Uchikawa of JPRS also shared JPRS’s recent efforts
at the Marketing Workshop.

*1 Asia Pacific Top Level Domain Association
https://www.aptld.org/*2 CENTR: Council of European National Top Level Domain Registries
https://www.centr.org/

Registry Report 2023

15

01

Registry Activities

4. Other International Activities(1) Participation in the Internet Governance Forum (IGF)
IGF*1 is an international conference organized under the auspices of the United Nations (UN) and has been held
annually since 2006. IGF 2023 was held in Kyoto, Japan from October 8 to 12 in a hybrid format, allowing bothin-person and online participation. Hirofumi Hotta and Yuri Takamatsu of JPRS participated in the conference, and
JPRS ran a booth to showcase its activities as a ccTLD registry and a Root Server Operator.

Under the overarching theme of the “Internet We Want — Empowering All People,” IGF 2023 featured
approximately 300 sessions based on eight themes, including “AI & Emerging Technologies,” “Cybersecurity,
Cybercrime & Online Safety,” “Data Governance & Trust,” “Digital Divides & Inclusion,” “Global Digital
Governance & Cooperation,” “Human Rights & Freedoms” and “Sustainability & Environment.”

IGF 2023, hosted by the government of Japan, featured many sessions with a particular focus on AI, whereparticipants actively discussed the challenges of AI and possible framework for international rulemaking. There

were also several other sessions aimed at sharing information and raising awareness about the WSIS+20 review
process which is coming up in 2025. Technical organizations, including ccTLD registries, have increased their

participation in the IGF, indicating a growing recognition among them that they should also play an important rolein Internet governance. It was announced that IGF 2024 would be held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

JPRS will make good use of the information gained from the discussions in the IGF and will stimulate related
discussions in Japan.

(2) Participation in AP* Retreat
AP* ( APstar* 2 ) Retreat is a meeting that is held twice a year in principle and gathers the Internet-related

associations in the Asia Pacific region as well as the participants representing the organizations playing key rolesin the Internet in each country and region. At the AP* Retreat meetings, the participants share the activities andconcerns of each participating organization and discuss how the Asia Pacific community as a whole should
address the issues related to the Internet.

In 2023, AP* Retreat was held in Manila, the Philippines in February and in Kyoto, Japan in September in a hybrid

format with online and in-person participation. Hirofumi Hotta and Yuri Takamatsu of JPRS participated in both
retreats, and Hotta co-chaired the September meeting.

*1 IGF: Internet Governance Forumhttps://www.intgovforum.org/*2 APstar: The Community of Asia Pacific Internet Organizations
https://www.apstar.org/

16

Registry Report 2023

(3) Participation in Root DNS Server Operation
JPRS and the WIDE Project collaboratively operate the M-Root DNS server, one of the root DNS servers, for the
purpose of ensuring the reliability and stability of DNS operations.

The 12 root DNS server operator organizations from around the world meet in conjunction with IETF meetings

which are held three times a year, and JPRS has been participating in these meetings as one of the organizations
in charge of the operation of the M-Root DNS server. At these meetings, attendees share information principallyon the stability of server operations and topics related to the latest technology.

The M-Root DNS server has been expanding its deployment in the AP region with the cooperation of APNIC andAPNIC Foundation since 2020. In 2023, the M-Root DNS server started operating in Kaohsiung (Taiwan), Jakarta(Indonesia), Ulaanbaatar (Mongolia), Hong Kong (China) and Phnom Penh (Cambodia).

Making good use of its experience as the .JP registry, JPRS has been contributing to the global and the APregional Internet communities while also building on the JP Domain Name services with the knowledge it has
gained in the operation of the root DNS server.

(4) Participation in DNS-OARC
DNS-OARC*3 is an international organization established in 2004 for the purpose of improving the stability andquality of DNS through various activities related to operation, analysis and study of DNS, the system widely usedon the Internet. DNS-OARC conducts the annual DITL*4, which involves collecting and evaluating server packets
of DNS including the root servers once a year for 50 hours.

In 2023, DNS-OARC held workshops in February and September, in which JPRS participated.

*3 DNS-OARC: The DNS Operations, Analysis, and Research Center
https://www.dns-oarc.net/*4 DITL: Day In The Life of the Internet
https://www.dns-oarc.net/oarc/data/ditl

Registry Report 2023

17

01

Registry Activities(5) Participation in W3C
W3C*5 is a non-profit organization founded in 1994 to develop a series of technical standards for the World Wide

Web. JPRS participates in W3C and plays an active role in enhancing Web security and internationalization ofidentifiers.

(6) Activities in Academic Societies
JPRS continues to participate in academic societies through its study and research on DNS and other relatedareas of study. Takeshi Mitamura of JPRS sits on the Special Interest Group on Business Informatics within theJapanese Society of Artificial Intelligence as an expert member, while Kazunori Fujiwara serves as an expert
member of the Technical Committee on Internet Architecture of EIC Communication Society.

*5 W3C: World Wide Web Consortium
https://www.w3.org/

18

Registry Report 2023

01・4 Activities in Japan(1) Participation in JANOG
JANOG* 1 is the organization established to promote the smooth

operation of networks through discussions and information-sharing
among network operators to contribute to Internet users andengineers. The members discuss various issues on the mailing list andgather at JANOG Meetings held twice a year. JANOG also convenes
Interim Meetings as necessary between regular JANOG meetings.

In 2023, both JANOG meetings were held in a hybrid format

JANOG51 Meeting

accommodating in-person and online attendance. The JANOG51

Meeting was held in Fujiyoshida City, Yamanashi Prefecture in January and the JANOG52 Meeting in Nagasaki
City, Nagasaki Prefecture in July.

JPRS participates in discussions on the mailing list as well as at the meetings of JANOG and continues to support

the meetings as a sponsor. It also runs an exhibition booth at the meeting venue to distribute technical informationmaterials about domain names, DNS and server certificates.

(2) Participation in DNSOPS.JPDNS Operators Group, Japan (DNSOPS.JP)*2 was established in 2006 with the intention of contributing to the stable
operation of the Internet through the administration of DNS. Yasuhiro Morishita of JPRS participated in theestablishment as one of the founding members. DNSOPS.JP serves as a forum for DNS operators where they can
exchange and share information and discuss related issues. Takayasu Matsuura, Kazuki Ikeda and Yuri Hirabayashi of
JPRS serve as the secretariat of the Executive Committee that manages the organization of DNSOPS.JP.

DNSOPS.JP holds a BoF (Birds of a Feather) annually for technical presentations and discussions. It has alsoorganized “DNS Summer Day,” in which participants share their efforts related to DNS and give lightning talks, every
summer since 2012.

Yasuhiro Morishita of JPRS gave a presentation entitled “Technical Information Provided by JPRS (July 2022–June2023)” at the DNS Summer Day 2023 held in a hybrid format in June 2023. He shared some of the technical advice,including information on DNS vulnerabilities, that JPRS had disseminated over the past year.

DNSOPS.JP has a volunteer Managed DNS Service Survey Team that has been active since 2020. The work of theteam was also shared at the DNS Summer Day 2023.

*1 JANOG: JApan Network Operators’ Grouphttps://www.janog.gr.jp/en/html/*2 DNSOPS.JP: DNS Operators Group, Japan
https://dnsops.jp/ (in Japanese)

Registry Report 2023

19

01

Registry Activities(3) Participation in ICANN Readout Sessions
ICANN Readout Session is an event that has been organized jointly by JPNIC and IAjapan from 2001 to 2017 and by
JPNIC from April 2017 onward. JPRS has been participating in the ICANN Readout Sessions and reporting to theJapanese community about the development of the ccNSO and other relevant topics.

In 2023, ICANN Readout Sessions were held in April, August and November. Yuri Takamatsu of JPRS gave an update on
the ccNSO and related efforts, and Hirofumi Hotta as a Root Server Operator reported on the developments concerning
the DNS Root Server System. Ayaka Horie also talked about her participation in APIGA*3.

(4) Participation in ISOC-JP
ISOC-JP*4 was established in August 1994 and has made various efforts to promote the Internet in Japan as the Japan
Chapter of the Internet Society (ISOC*5).
ISOC-JP and JPNIC jointly organized two IETF Update Meetings in 2023. At the IETF 117 Update Meeting, Kazunori
Fujiwara of JPRS reported on the developments of various WGs including dnsop WG over the past year and discussions
in IETF 117.

(5) Participation in ICT-ISAC
ICT-ISAC*6 was established in 2016 to contribute to the formation of a secure society underpinned by information andcommunication technology (ICT). It has been working together with businesses and organizations from a wide range offields related to ICT to keep the distribution and communication of information stable, thereby improving security

countermeasures and achieving a higher level of responses. JPRS has been participating in ICT-ISAC as a member
since 2017.

ICT-ISAC undertakes activities through various working groups consisting of its members. JPRS is taking part mainly in
the Cyber Attack Defense Exercise WG (CAE-WG), Rapid Response to DoS Attacks WG (DoS-WG), Special Interest

Group for DNS Operators (DNS-SiG) and Society of Network Abuse Response WG (SoNAR-WG) to contribute toenhancing the security related to ICT.

*3 APIGA: Asia Pacific Internet Governance Academy
https://community.icann.org/display/GSEAPAC/Asia+Pacific+Internet+Governance+Academy*4 ISOC-JP: The Internet Society Japan Chapter
https://www.isoc.jp/*5 ISOC: Internet Society
https://www.internetsociety.org/*6 ICT-ISAC: ICT Information Sharing And Analysis Center Japan
https://www.ict-isac.jp/english/index.html

20

Registry Report 2023

(6) Participation in the Rejuvenation Team of the National IGF in JapanThe Rejuvenation Team of the National IGF in Japan for IGF 2023 was formed in May 2021 to prepare for theInternet Governance Forum (IGF) to be held in Japan in 2023. The team met about once every three weeks tostimulate IGF activities in Japan through planning and organizing events and encouraging various Internet-related
stakeholders to participate.

In 2023, the team held the IGF 2022 readout session in February, the “Japan Internet Governance Forum 2023”
in September and the IGF 2023 readout session in December. Hirofumi Hotta and Yuri Takamatsu of JPRS

actively participated in the planning of these events. In addition, Takamatsu shared her experience of participatingin-person in IGF 2022 as a panelist at the February readout and moderated the “Japan Internet Governance
Forum 2023” in September.

JPRS participates in event planning and discussions about team operations as well as post-IGF 2023 initiatives
on the team’s mailing list and at every meeting.

(7) Participation in the Council of Anti-Phishing JapanThe Council of Anti-Phishing Japan* 7 is a council tasked mainly with collecting and providing information onphishing and issuing alerts. Atsushi Endo of JPRS has been contributing to the overall operation of the Council asa member of its steering committee since 2020.

The Council has published the “Anti-Phishing Guidelines” for service providers and consumers. It also has aworking group (Technology and Legal System WG) to consider refining the guidelines every year, taking into

consideration the current threats. Atsushi Endo and Toshihiro Sasaki of JPRS took part in the working group as
members for drawing up the 2023 edition of the guidelines*8 and engaged in the awareness campaign andeducational activities about domain name abuse.

In addition, Kazumitsu Shiraiwa of JPRS has been on the working group charged with sharing information aboutphishing scams and discussing collaboration between organizations ( Hazard Info WG ) . Moreover, Hayato
Machida of JPRS participated in the working group for promoting knowledge about server certificates (Certificate
Promotion WG).

*7 Council of Anti-Phishing Japan
https://www.antiphishing.jp/ (in Japanese)*8 Anti-Phishing Guidelines (released in June 2023, in Japanese)
https://www.antiphishing.jp/report/guideline/antiphishing_guideline2023.html

Registry Report 2023

21

01

Registry Activities(8) Participation in Telecom Services Association
Telecom Services Association*9 was founded for the purpose of promoting the sound evolution of information andtelecommunication businesses in the competitive market, thereby contributing to the development of the industry
as a whole and enhancing the benefits to citizens as well as public welfare.

The Service Ethics Committee within the Telecom Services Association is tasked with addressing ethics and otherrelated issues in network services. It works on improving the Internet use environment by exchanging opinions

and information on the laws and regulations related to network services and the challenges facing providers. In

2023, Takaharu Ui of JPRS participated as a member of the committee in discussions on various issues, including
the response to the amendments to the Provider Liability Limitation Act.

(9) Participation in KEIDANREN (Japan Business Federation)
The Committee on Digital Economy of KEIDANREN (Japan Business Federation )*10 is the body tasked withdeliberating and making policy proposals about issues such as promoting the use of personal data and measures

to ensure the free flow of data across national borders. In 2023, Hirofumi Hotta of JPRS took part in wide-ranging
discussions in the Planning Subcommittee within the Committee on the Digital Economy.

*9 Telecom Services Association
https://www.telesa.or.jp/en*10 KEIDANREN (Japan Business Federation)
https://www.keidanren.or.jp/en/

22

Registry Report 2023

01・5

Overview of this Term’s Activities and Challenges
for the Future

JPRS has constantly worked to strike a proper balance among reliability, stability, usability and fee
performance, which constitute the basis of JP domain name registry services and JP DNS operation, while also
improving each of the four values.

In an effort to improve the reliability and usability of the JP domain name services, JPRS made AuthCode,originally introduced in 2022, mandatory in 2023 to ensure that JP Registrar change requests do not occur
without the intention of the registrant.

JPRS also continued to tap into its expertise as the .JP registry to disseminate information related to domainnames and DNS and to promote understanding of industry trends at domestic and international events andmeetings. Furthermore, in keeping with its goal of contributing to the development of the Internet as a whole,

JPRS made progress in expanding the M-Root DNS server instances through the partnership with the WIDE
Project and APNIC and continued to establish international cooperative relationships.

The year 2023 continued to witness many challenges threatening the stable operation of the Internet, such as
vulnerabilities in DNS software. JPRS has responded to these problems through its information provision
activities, including security alerts and educational programs.

As part of its Internet-related educational support activities, JPRS continued to distribute a free booklet on how
the Internet works to educational institutions across Japan. It also visited an elementary school and a juniorhigh school to give classes using its information education website and distributed a free poster and desk pad
to educational institutions nationwide to help students enjoy learning about ccTLDs. JPRS continued to offer

free domain names in the web production contest for junior high and high school students. In addition, it
conducted a DNS course and hands-on training at multiple universities to promote understanding of andinterest in domain names and DNS.

With the ongoing digital transformation of society, JPRS will strive to create an environment in which people
can use the Internet with more confidence. Toward that end, it will continue to work with relevant organizations

and the JP Registrars to disseminate technical information and issue security alerts, while addressing
vulnerabilities in the entire DNS and responding to new threats.

The expanding use of the Internet and changes in corporate and social activities have led to ever-increasingsocietal demands for the stability of communications infrastructure. Recognizing this, JPRS is committed toensuring service continuity and enhancing the stability and reliability of its own DNS and registry system. It will

therefore actively upgrade its equipment and organizational structure for greater monitoring, security, fault
tolerance and anti-attack capabilities. JPRS will also conduct drills for various contingencies and strengthen
system stability to speed up service restoration and improve reliability.

As the JP registry, JPRS will continue its efforts to provide better and stable services.

Registry Report 2023

23

02

Statistical Information

02・1

Change in the Number of Registered
JP Domain Names

As of January 1, 2024, the number of registered JP domain names reached 1,756,107, an increase of 34,970 in one year.
180
165
150
135

(Number of names)
Organizational/Geographic Type
General-use
Prefecture Type

120
105
90
75
60
45
30
15
1993 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 2024
As of January each year
(Number of names)

Month/Year
1993/1
1994/1
1995/1
1996/1
1997/1
1998/1
1999/1
2000/1
2001/1
2002/1
2003/1
2004/1
2005/1
2006/1
2007/1
2008/1
2009/1
2010/1
2011/1
2012/1
2013/1
2014/1
2015/1
2016/1
2017/1
2018/1
2019/1
2020/12021/12022/12023/12024/1

Organizational/
Geographic Type

953
1,341
2,206
4,781
15,47733,73958,549124,573
234,294
283,340
297,413309,193
327,742
346,340
363,768
378,903389,598
399,339
406,856
413,332
421,606
428,467
435,390446,004
458,947
472,906
486,956
499,366
513,038
529,032
541,212551,058

General-use(Japanese domain name)

Prefecture Type
(Japanese domain name)183,499（ 61,507）
205,493（ 51,544）
245,100（ 45,402）
317,455（ 63,324）
439,784（116,602）
518,557（124,153）
609,983（141,858）
674,133（134,921）
740,820（133,754）
791,249（123,711）
845,054（119,337）
888,657（122,394）
915,854（126,182）
940,427（120,801）
953,041（113,521）
984,270（114,130）
1,010,615（107,363）
1,052,832（ 99,869）
1,065,561（ 95,123）
1,095,928（ 90,494）
1,139,718（ 87,921）
1,169,261（ 85,536）
1,194,633（ 83,335）

8,452（1,915）
11,781（2,948）
11,684（3,117）
11,202（2,612）
11,419（2,524）
11,956（2,524）
11,569（1,953）
11,480（1,829）
11,237（1,612）
11,923（1,733）
10,664（1,400）
10,416（1,327）*Please refer to “Statistics” (https://jprs.co.jp/en/stat/) for the latest information.

24

Registry Report 2023

Total
953
1,341
2,206
4,781
15,47733,73958,549124,573
234,294
466,839
502,906
554,293645,197
786,124882,325
988,886
1,063,731
1,140,159
1,198,105
1,258,386
1,318,715
1,356,102
1,387,501
1,410,247
1,454,636
1,495,477
1,551,357
1,576,407
1,620,203
1,680,673
1,721,137
1,756,107

02・2

Breakdown of JP Domain Name Registrations
by Name Space*As of January 1, 2024
Prefecture Type
0.6%

Organizational/
Geographic Type
31.4%

CO：86.6％

General-use
68.0%

ED：1.2%
GO：0.1%
GR：1.0%
LG：0.3%
NE：2.3%
OR：7.3%
Geographic Type：0.4%
AC：0.7%
AD：0.05%(Number of names)

JP Domain Name Types
AC: Higher education institution
AD: JPNIC Member
CO: Company
Organizational/
Geographic Type

ED: Primary school, junior andsenior high school

1 Jan 2024 Number 1 Jan 2023 Number
of Registrationsof Registrations
3,837

3,816

Difference
+21

251

251

+0

477,259

467,842+9,417

6,457

6,348

+109

805

773

+32

GR: Group

5,327

5,543

‑216

1,908

1,898

+10

NE: Network service

12,731

12,839‑10840,42339,811+612

Geographic Type

2,060

2,091

‑31

General-use(Japanese domain name)1,194,633（83,335）

1,169,261（85,536）+25,372（‑2,201）

Prefecture Type
(Japanese domain name)

10,416（1,327）

10,664（1,400）

‑248
（‑73）

Total JP Domain Name Registration

1,756,107

1,721,137

GO: Japanese government
LG: Japanese local authority
OR: Corporation other than company+34,970*Please refer to “Statistics” (https://jprs.co.jp/en/stat/) for the latest information.

Registry Report 2023

25

02

Statistical Information

02・3

Number of JP Domain Name Registrations
by Prefecture*As of January 1, 2024

Prefecture
Hokkaido
Aomori
Iwate
Miyagi
Akita
Yamagata
Fukushima
IbarakiTochigi
Gunma
Saitama
Chiba
Tokyo
Kanagawa
NiigataToyamaIshikawa
Fukui
Yamanashi
NaganoGifu
Shizuoka
Aichi
Mie
Shiga
Kyoto
Osaka
Hyogo
Nara
Wakayama
Tottori
Shimane
Okayama
Hiroshima
Yamaguchi
Tokushima
KagawaEhime
Kochi
Fukuoka
Saga
Nagasaki
Kumamoto
Oita
MiyazakiKagoshima
Okinawa
26

Registry Report 2023

Organizational/ Geographic Type
2.8%

General-use

Prefecture Type
2.1%

2.7%

0.5%

0.3%

0.6%

0.4%

0.3%

0.6%

1.3%

0.8%

0.8%

0.4%

0.3%

0.6%

0.6%

0.3%

0.4%

0.9%

0.5%

0.5%

1.4%

1.0%

0.7%

1.0%

0.6%

0.8%

1.1%

0.7%

2.2%

4.4%

2.8%

2.7%

3.3%

2.3%

2.5%

32.4%

42.2%

35.5%

6.6%

4.9%

3.5%

1.1%

0.7%

0.9%

0.6%

0.4%

0.6%

0.7%

0.6%

0.6%

0.5%

0.4%

0.4%

0.5%

0.4%

0.4%

1.3%

0.9%

1.4%

1.1%

0.7%

1.2%

2.1%

1.5%

1.4%

5.4%

3.7%

2.6%

0.8%

0.5%

1.2%

0.7%

0.5%

1.2%

2.0%

2.4%

6.5%

9.4%

15.1%

9.5%

3.1%

2.3%

1.7%

0.6%

0.7%

1.5%

0.4%

0.4%

0.5%

0.2%

0.2%

0.4%

0.3%

0.3%

0.3%

1.1%

0.7%

0.9%

1.6%

1.0%

1.2%

0.6%

0.4%

0.2%

0.3%

0.3%

0.3%

0.5%

0.3%

0.5%

0.6%

0.4%

0.7%

0.3%

0.2%

0.4%

3.3%

2.7%

3.4%

0.3%

0.2%

0.5%

0.5%

0.4%

0.7%

0.8%

0.6%

0.9%

0.5%

0.4%

0.9%

0.4%

0.3%

0.5%

0.6%

0.4%

0.7%

0.7%

0.7%

1.8%

02・4 Transition of DNS Configuration Rate
*As of January 1, 2024
100

(%)

90
80

70
Organizational/Geographic Type60

General-use

Prefecture Type50

2020/12021/12022/12023/12024/1Month/Year

Organizational/Geographic Type

General-use

Prefecture Type

2020/1

99.4%

97.1%

91.8%

2021/1

99.4%

97.2%

91.9%

2022/1

99.5%

97.3%

91.9%

2023/1

99.5%

97.5%

91.1%

2024/1

99.5%

97.6%

91.1%

Registry Report 2023

27

02

Statistical Information

02・5 Number of Accredited JP Registrars

Organizational/Geographic Type600

General-use

Prefecture Type

(Number of Registrars)

500
400
300
200
100
0

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
/4
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1
/1

Month/Year

Organizational/
Geographic Type2003/1
2004/1
2005/1
2006/1
2007/1
2008/1
2009/1
2010/1
2011/1
2012/1
2013/1
2014/1
2015/1
2016/1
2017/1
2018/1
2019/1
2020/12021/12022/12023/12024/1

Prefecture Type

(Number of Registrars)

Cumulative Total

443

2001/4
2002/1

General-use

443

490

490

560

546

1,106

557

559

1,116

553

564

1,117

562

576

1,138

559

572

1,131

557

573

1,130

558

577

1,135

555

577

1,132

563

582

1,145

571

590

1,161

566

586

197

1,349

564

582

227

1,373

560

577

241

1,378

560

576

252

1,388

554

569

252

1,375

559

574

255

1,388

556

571

254

1,381

544

559

257

1,360

542

559

256

1,357

522

538

254

1,314

526

541

257

1,324

534

250

1,306

522

*The number of JP Registrars for the Organizational/Geographic Type JP domain names is the figure after April 2002 when management andadministration was transferred from JPNIC to JPRS.

28

Registry Report 2023

02・6

16

Number of Complaints Based on JP Domain Name
Dispute Resolution Policy (JP-DRP)(Number of cases)

14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
(Number of cases)

Year

Number

2000

2

2001

11

2002

6

2003

7

2004

4

2005

11

2006

8

2007

10

2008

3

2009

9

2010

7

2011

12

2012

15

2013

10

2014

8

2015

7

2016

9

2017

5

2018

7

2019

9

2020

10

2021

14

2022

14

2023

15

*For details of domain name disputes, please refer to the “Domain Name Dispute Resolution
Policy (DRP)” posted by Japan Network Information Center (https://www.nic.ad.jp/en/drp/).

Registry Report 2023

29

03

Reference

03・1 History
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006

2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016

Jan.
Apr.
Nov.
Dec.
Mar.
Dec.
Mar.
Jun.
Oct.
Apr.
Nov.
May
Jan.
Feb.
May
Jul.
Sep.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Jun.
Apr.
Jun.

2017

Sep.
Oct.

2018

Feb.
Nov.
Sep.
Jan.
Aug.

2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

30

Dec.
Feb.
Apr.
May
Feb.
Apr.
Oct.
Jan.
Jun.
Jul.
Feb.
Jul.
Dec.

Jul.
Jun.
Nov.

Registry Report 2023

JPRS was established.
General-use JP Domain Priority Registration Application started.
General-use JP Domain Concurrent Registration Application started.
General-use JP Domain First-Come First-Served Registration Application started.
ccTLD Sponsorship Agreement was concluded with ICANN.
Management and administration of .JP TLD was transferred from JPNIC to JPRS.
LG.JP was established.
The number of registered JP domain names surpassed 500,000.
JPRS received the approval from ICANN to start IDN service.
RFC-based Japanese JP Domain Name registration service started.
IP Anycast technology was introduced in JP DNS service ([a.dns.jp] [d.dns.jp]).
JP domain name started full support for IPv6, for the first time in the world as a TLD.
“Eki Machi Guide” (https://駅街ガイド.jp/), which provides information on areas around stations using
Japanese JP domain names consisting of station names throughout Japan, started.
JPRS started operation of the M-Root DNS server in cooperation with the WIDE Project.
JPRS started deleting improper DNS server registrations.
JPRS shortened the processing time for JP DNS update.
The number of registered General-use JP domain names surpassed 500,000.
JPRS published guidelines for making URLs consisting of Japanese domain names clickable in email text.
“Procedure for recovering deleted domain name registration” was introduced for General-use JP
Domain Name.
IP Anycast technology was introduced to the JP DNS service ([e.dns.jp]).
The number of registered JP domain names surpassed 1 million.
JPRS started the real-time application process service for CO.JP Domain Name.
The JP DNS server configuration was changed (c.dns.jp and g.dns.jp added).
JPRS announced its participation in the “BIND 10” development project.
JPRS extended the coverage of the real-time application process service.
JPRS started distributing a graphical comic-style booklet “How the Internet Works” free of charge
to junior and senior high schools across Japan.
JPRS deployed DNSSEC to the JP domain name service.
JPRS started providing “gTLD Registration Services.”
JPRS published “DNS Practices,” a book on DNS, written by JPRS engineers.
Priority Registration Application of the Prefecture Type JP Domain Name started.
Concurrent Registration Application of the Prefecture Type JP Domain Name started.
General Registration Application of the Prefecture Type JP Domain Name started.
The TTL value of the DS RR for JP DNS servers was changed.
JPRS introduced Japanese characters into the Prefecture Labels of the Prefecture Type JP Domain Name.
JPRS signed an MoU with ICANN and JPNIC on Japanese translation of ICANN materials.
JPRS Started Digital Certificates Issuance Services.
JPRS submitted a notification of its telecommunications business in response to the enactment of thepartial amendment to the Telecommunications Business Law.
The number of registered General-use JP domain names surpassed 1 million.
JPRS started accepting Concurrent Registration Applications for Japanese JP domain names
representing school names.
JPRS published the report of joint research with 8 ISPs of the electric power corporation group on
continued use of the Internet in case of a large-scale disaster.
The number of registered JP domain names surpassed 1.5 million.
“Textbook to understand DNS well,” a practical guide to DNS authored by JPRS engineers, was published.
JPRS acquired ISO 27001 certification (for the domain registry business).
JPRS attained full compliance with the WebTrust criteria that ensure the reliability of Certificate Authorities.
JPRS, the WIDE Project and APNIC agreed to establish a new cooperative relationship for the deploymentof M-Root instances.
JPRS, HOTnet and QTnet commenced operation of the local nodes for the JP DNS servers.
The number of registered JP domain names surpassed 1.7 million.
JPRS completed introducing AuthCode (code for the JP Registrar change process) to JP Domain Name
services.

03・2 JP Domain Name Advisory Committee
The JP Domain Name Advisory Committee was established in 2002 to maintain fairness and neutrality of the .JP registry
operations. The committee members from outside of JPRS with various viewpoints consider policies for JP domain nameservices.
JP Domain Name Advisory Committee meetings are open to the public, and the minutes and documents are publicly
accessible on the JPRS website.

(1) Advisory Committee Meeting
Jul. 2074th JP Domain Name Advisory Committee
It was reported that the JPRS Board of Directors had appointed all the nominees in accordance with theadvisory report, “Method for Appointing the Members of the 12th JP Domain Name Advisory Committee”(JPRS-ADVRPT-2022001) as well as the recommendation. It was also informed that the appointees had
assumed their positions in the 12th JP Domain Name Advisory Committee. Shinichi Urakawa was elected andappointed as Chair, and Hironao Kaneko as Vice Chair, of the committee.
JPRS outlined the status of .JP and JPRS’s recent activities. The committee then held a question-and-answer
session and exchanged opinions.
Chairperson Urakawa gave a presentation on generative AI and the reliability of information on the Internet,
which was followed by an exchange of views on the subject.

(2) Consultations and Advisories
Consultation/Advisory

Consultation Date
Document No.

Advisory Date
Document No.

Method for appointing members of the 12th JP Domain
Name Advisory Committee

Dec. 22, 2022
JPRS-ADV-2022001

Jan. 6, 2023
JPRS-ADVRPT-2022001

Registry Report 2023

31

03

Reference

03・3 Proposals and Presentations
Date

At

Hosted by

56th CENTR Administrative
Workshop

CENTR

DNS Terminology Requiring Special Attention

SECCON 2022 Cyber
Conference

SECCON Executive
Committee

Nine Open Leadership Positions in ICANNAPTLD 83APTLD

APTLD 83APTLD

APTLD 83

APTLD

Feb. 8

Tour de Table

Feb. 11
Feb. 21Feb. 22

Confusing String Similarity from the aspect of JapaneseScripts
Registry Systems and Admin. Offices in Two Separated
LocationsFeb. 26

M-Root DNS Deployment with APNIC Foundation's Support

AP*Retreat

AP*

Feb. 26

Nine Open Leadership Positions in ICANNAP*Retreat

AP*

Mar. 9Considerations in Deleting a Domain Name

Technology and Legal System
Council of Anti-Phishing
WG Debriefing Meeting,Council of Anti-Phishing Japan Japan

Mar. 9IETF DNS-related WGs

WIDE 2023 Spring Camp
MeetingMar. 13Cyberattacks against DNS and Countermeasures (Theory)

Internet Week Basic On Demand JPNIC

Mar. 13Cyberattacks against DNS and Countermeasures (Practice) Internet Week Basic On Demand JPNIC

Apr. 12Update of ccNSO at ICANN76

66th ICANN Readout Session

JPNIC

May 15

M-Root DNS Update: After 6 months deployment

BKNIX Peering Forum 2023

BKNIX

May 18Cyberattacks against DNS and Countermeasures: Overview

44th Lecture Session,
Cyber Defense Study Group

Cyber Defense StudyGroup

Jun.14-16“Names” Are Important on the Internet, Too:Basics ofDomain Names and DNS
Secure Your Internet Communications:Basics of HTTPSand Server Certificates
Impact of Attacks on Authoritative DNS Servers and Keys
to Increasing their Availability
Background to b.root-servers.net's IP Address Change and the
Response Required of DNS Operators: A 4-Minute Summary

Interop Tokyo 2023

Feb. 22

Jun.14-16
Jun.14-16
Jun. 23

32

Title

Interop Tokyo 2023
Interop Tokyo 2023
DNS Summer Day 2023

WIDE ProjectInterop Tokyo 2023
Steering Committee
Interop Tokyo 2023
Steering Committee

Interop Tokyo 2023
Steering Committee

DNS Operators Group,Japan

Jun. 27

Latency Analysis of JP and Root DNS Servers from Packet
Capture Data

COMPSAC 2023 Symposium on
Networks, Communications,Internet & Web Technologies

Jul. 5

DNS Industry Outlook - .jp ccTLD -APAC DNS ForumICANN & HKIRC

Ju n.5-7

Background to b.root-servers.net's IP Address Change andthe Response Required of DNS Operators: A 4-Minute Summary

JANOG52 Meeting

JANOG

IEEE Computer Society

J u l . 21

Looking Back at DNS’s Weaknesses and Looking Ahead
to Its Future: Lunch with DNSInternet Week
Showcase in Sapporo

JPNIC

Aug. 1

Update of ccNSO at ICANN77

67th ICANN Readout Session

JPNIC

Aug. 28

Latest Developments on DNSIETF117 Update Meeting

ISOC-JP/JPNIC

Sep. 7

Relearn the Basics of How DNS Works in 90 Minutes

Internet Operations 101,APNIC 56 Tutorial

APNIC

Sep. 28

Tour de Table

Sep. 28

Business Continuity Preparations

57th CENTR Administrative
Workshop

CENTR

Oct. 24

WSIS+20 A ccTLD Perspective (.JP)

ICANN78

ICANN

Oct. 24

Internationalized Domain Name (IDN) Implementation
Roundtable

ICANN78

ICANN

Nov. 21

DNS Update: Domain Name Overview

Internet Week 2023 DNSDAY

JPNIC

Registry Report 2023

57th CENTR Administrative
Workshop

CENTR

Date

Title

At

Hosted by

Nov. 21

IETF/RFC Update

Internet Week 2023 DNSDAY

JPNIC

Nov. 21

Revisiting Glue Records: Lunch with DNSInternet Week 2023
Lunchtime Seminar

JPNIC

Nov. 30

Update on Root DNS Server System

68th ICANN Readout Session

JPNIC

Nov. 30

Update of ccNSO at ICANN8

68th ICANN Readout Session

JPNIC

Dec. 26My Approach to Technical Documentation

DevRel Gathering #2

DevRel Community

Registry Report 2023

33

03

Reference

03・4 Press Releases
Date

Title

Feb. 20

JPRS Supports “25th Japan Junior/Senior High School Web Contest” to Provide Experience ofUsing JP Domain Names (in Japanese)

Mar. 29

JPRS Publishes “JP Domain Name Registry Report 2022” (in Japanese)

May 15JPRS Distributes Free Graphic Comic-style Booklet on Domain Names and DNS to Educational
Institutions across Japan (in Japanese)

Dec. 12JPRS Starts Distributing Poster to Acquire Internet Literacy and Desk Pad to Learn about
ccTLDs Free of Charge to Educational Institutions across Japan (in Japanese)*Please refer to Press Release (https://jprs.co.jp/en/press/) for the latest releases in English.

34

Registry Report 2023

03・5

Provision of Technical Information
Related to DNSAs the company supporting the basis of the Internet society through DNS and striving to ensure stable operation of theInternet, JPRS publishes technical information related to DNS such as warnings on the detection of DNS software
vulnerabilities and other relevant alerts.
*Original materials are written in Japanese.

Date

Title

Jan. 25

Vulnerability Information on PowerDNS Recursor Posted (CVE-2023-22617)

Jan. 26(Urgent) Vulnerability of BIND 9.x (DNS Service Outage) (CVE-2022-3924)

Jan. 26(Urgent) Vulnerability of BIND 9.x (DNS Service Outage) (CVE-2022-3736)

Jan. 26(Urgent) Vulnerability of BIND 9.x (Causing Memory Shortage) (CVE-2022-3094)

Feb. 3

Vulnerability Information on Knot Resolver Posted

Mar. 17

Vulnerability Information on Windows DNS Server Posted (CVE-2023-23400)

A p r. 3

Vulnerability Information on PowerDNS Recursor Posted (CVE-2023-26437)

A p r. 14

Vulnerability Information on Windows DNS Posted (10 CVE Records including CVE-2023-28223)

Jun. 16

Vulnerability Information on Windows DNS Posted (CVE-2023-32020)

Jun. 22(Urgent) Vulnerability of BIND 9.x (Causing Memory Shortage) (CVE-2023-2828): Upgrading Is Highly

Recommended

Jun. 22(Urgent) Vulnerability of BIND 9.x (DNS Service Outage) (CVE-2023-2911): Upgrading Is Highly Recommended

J u l. 14

Vulnerability Information on Windows DNS Server Posted (4 CVE Records including CVE-2023-35310)

Aug. 25

Vulnerability Information on Knot Resolver Posted

Sep. 21(Urgent) Vulnerability of BIND 9.18.x (DNS Service Outage) (CVE-2023-4236): for 9.18.0 through 9.18.18
and 9.18.11-S1 through 9.18.18-S1; Upgrading Is Highly Recommended

Sep. 21(Urgent) Vulnerability of BIND 9.x (DNS Service Outage) (CVE-2023-3341): Upgrading Is Highly Recommended

Nov. 28

Configuration Change in Response to the IP Address Change for b.root-servers.net (B-Root)

Dec. 15

Vulnerability Information on Windows DNS Posted (CVE-2023-35622)*For the latest information, please refer to the “Technical Information Related to DNS” (https://jprs.jp/tech/) (in Japanese).

Registry Report 2023

35

About JPRSJPRS provides domain name services such as domain name management, administration anddistribution, and also performs domain name system (DNS) operations. In addition, JPRS is
engaged in research and development of various Internet technologies.

Domain Name Management and Administration
JPRS manages and administers domain names. In particular, JPRS plays an important role as the registry of JP Domain

Name, or domain names of Japan. You may have seen addresses for websites and emails such as “https://○○○.jp”
and “△△△@○○○.jp.” JPRS manages and administers a part of these addresses, namely, strings in the form of “○○○.jp.” Domain names are the key to accessing the Internet. JPRS is constantly improving its services so that JP domainnames will continue to assist the activities of all kinds of Internet users, including companies, organizations, andindividuals.

DNS Operation
DNS (domain name system) is a system for identifying computers connected to the Internet using domain names, so it issometimes referred to as the “phone book for the Internet.”If DNS were to fail, people would not be able to access websites or exchange emails using domain names. To prevent

such a catastrophe, JPRS has established a 24/7 system to ensure stable operation of the “JP DNS” for managing JP
domain names.

R&D of Internet Technologies and International Activities to Support the Internet
JPRS takes an active part in the research and development of advanced technologies to promptly respond to changes in

the Internet environment and social needs. Specifically, JPRS engages in internationalization of the identifiers used inprotocols, devises methods for resolving issues concerning DNS operations and submits proposals to standardize

registry technologies. JPRS actively publishes the results of these activities and shares information at IETF and othermeetings to contribute to the network society.

36

Registry Report 2023

Published: 28 June 2024
Note: This English translation is provided for informational purposes only. For

accuracy, please refer to the Japanese version. Copyright © 2024 Japan Registry
Services Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. JPRS, Japan Registry Services and othertrademarks, service marks and designs are registered or unregistered trademarks ofJapan Registry Services Co., Ltd. in Japan and other countries. All other trademarks
not owned by Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd. that appear in this report are theproperty of their respective owners.

Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd.
https://jprs.co.jp/en/