2018 .1-12

JP Domain Name
Registry ReportJapan Registry Services Co.,Ltd.

Introduction
The Internet is being used in increasingly broad and diverse areas of society as
technology advances. Along with that, the need for domain names and theimportance of the domain name system (DNS) are also being strengthened.
With this background, the number of JP domain names surpassed 1.5 million in
February 2018. Over 400,000 names are registered under “co.jp,” making it themost registered category in the Organizational Type JP Domain Name, the domainname space categorized by organizational type of registrants. 97% of
publicly-listed companies in Japan have already registered “co.jp” domain names.
The domain name industry saw the total number of registered domain names
across TLDs increase. On the other hand, various challenges have continued tothreaten the Internet infrastructure, such as domain hijacking that exploits falsified
DNS configurations and detection of vulnerabilities in DNS software.
As a company supporting the basis of the Internet society through domain names
and DNS, JPRS is striving to make the Internet safe for everyone to use. To thisend, JPRS promptly provides information and deals with risks and challenges
related to domain names and DNS as they arise. JPRS also actively contributes todiscussions of global issues and conveys relevant information to the communities
in Japan.
In addition to the above, JPRS is committed to its ongoing operations to improve
JP domain name services, develop systems, and carry out promotional activities
to facilitate the use of JP domain names and deliver greater value to users.
The management and administration of JP domain names require a high level ofcommitment to enhancing the public interest and getting ahead in the competition.
Recognizing this vital nature of its services and influence on society, JPRS carries
out its tasks and publishes the annual “JP Domain Name Registry Report” on its
management and administration of JP domain names.
JPRS will continue to ensure that JP domain names remain useful and contributeto the development of the Internet society.

Koki Higashida
President
Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd.

Registry Report
Index
01 Registry Activities
01・1 Goal of JPRS as the JP Domain Name Registry02

01・2 Activities in 201803

01・3 International Relations08

01・4 Activities in Japan20

01・5 Overview of this Term’s Activities and Challenges for the Future

24

02 Statistical Information
02・1 Change in the Cumulative Number of Registered JP Domain Names

26

02・2 Breakdown of the Cumulative Number of Registered JP Domain Names

27

02・3 Number of JP Domain Name Registrations by Prefecture28

02・4 Transition of DNS Configuration Rate

29

02・5 Number of Accredited JP Registrars

30

02・6 Number of Complaints Based on JP Domain Name
Dispute Resolution Policy (JP-DRP)

31

03 Reference
03・1 History32

03・2 JP Domain Name Advisory Committee

33

03・3 Proposals and Presentations

35

03・4 Press Releases

37

03・5 Provision of Technical Information Related to DNS

38Registry Report01

01 Registry Activities

01・1

Goal of JPRS as the JP Domain Name Registry

Our main objectives as the registry are: to continuously improve the value of JP domain names; to gain stronger

support from the local and global Internet community; and to provide domain names as well as management andadministration services that contribute to society in an environment where JPRS competes and collaborates withother registries of TLDs*1 and similar service providers.

JPRS defines the following as the core concepts for services including the management and administration of JP
domain names.

Reliability: establishing services with the public trust

Stability: operating and administering the stable systems

Usability: providing accessible services which meet users needs
Fee Performance: providing services at reasonable fees

With the mission of supporting the Internet infrastructure, JPRS considers it important to ensure reliability andstability while pursuing a good balance with usability and fee performance.

*1 TLD

Top Level Domain

02 Registry Report

01・2

Activities in 2018

In 2018, JPRS continued to contribute to the development of the Internet and worked to enhance its JP registry
services and the value of JP domain names in cooperation with the JP Registrars and other relatedorganizations.

Publication of “Internet White Paper 2018” with JPRS Participating in Planningand Editing (February)“Internet White Paper” is a yearbook that summarizes the current state of the Internet from various perspectives
including that of business, society and technology. Its 2018 edition, “Internet White Paper 2018 (subtitle: Dawn of
the New Era of Digital Economy),” was published. JPRS has been collaborating with Impress R&D*1, IAjapan*2

and JPNIC*3 in the Internet White Paper Editorial Committee in the planning and steering of the White Paper

since 2013.

https://jprs.co.jp/topics/2018/180209.html (in Japanese)

Addition of “Internet White Paper 2017” to “Internet White Paper ARCHIVES” (February)“Internet White Paper 2017” published in 2017 was added to “Internet White Paper ARCHIVES,” the websiteorganized and operated by the Internet White Paper Editorial Committee.

“Internet White Paper ARCHIVES” is a compendium of Internet White Papers, which are published annually andspan from 1996 to the previous year's edition. The archive is publicly available free of charge. Going forward, thewhite paper that becomes a back issue in the year following its publication will also be added to the archive.
https://jprs.co.jp/topics/2018/180215.html (In Japanese)

Support for the 20th Japan Junior/Senior High School Web Contest (February)
JPRS supported the “20th Japan Junior/Senior High School Web Contest*4,” a Web contest that was held by
JAPIAS*5 for junior and senior high school students. JPRS provided 160 General-use JP domain names (both inJapanese and ASCII) free of charge for the works of 80 teams so that they could have original domain names.

JPRS also presented the “Best Domain Naming Award” to the team who had chosen the most effective domainname to increase the appeal of their work.

https://jprs.co.jp/press/2018/180219.html (In Japanese)*1 Impress R&D
https://www.impressrd.jp/ (in Japanese)*2 IAjapan: Internet Association Japan
https://www.iajapan.org/index-en.html*3 JPNIC: Japan Network Information Center
https://www.nic.ad.jp/en/*4 Japan Junior/Senior High School Web Contest (formerly Think Quest JAPAN)
https://webcon.japias.jp/ (in Japanese)*5 JAPIAS: Japan Association for Promotion of Internet Application in School Education
http://japias.jp/ (in Japanese)
Registry Report03

01 Registry Activities

Support for SECCON 2018 (May)“SECCON 2018*6” was a series of events held from May to December in 2018 with the aim of recruiting andtraining information security personnel and providing a place for hands-on experience with related technologies.
JPRS supported SECCON 2018 as a sponsor. JPRS also provides a JPRS Server Certificate to the official
website of the event.

Free Cartoon Booklet on the Internet System Sent to Junior and Senior High Schools
and Technical Colleges across Japan (May)“Info-Communications Promotion Month” is a nationwide initiative that has been
conducted as part of Internet-related educational activities. In line with this, from May 15

to June 30, JPRS set up channels including a special website “https://マンガで学ぶ.jp”(learn from Manga) where junior and senior high schools and technical colleges could

apply for the distribution of educational material produced by JPRS. JPRS distributed

the material free of charge to those who applied. Recognizing the growing importanceof Internet-related education and the shortage of teaching materials in schools, JPRS

has worked on this project since 2010. The number of copies distributed in the last nine
years exceeds 250,000.

The material that JPRS distributed is a graphical comic-style booklet entitled “Ponta’s

Ponta’s Great Adventurein the Network

Great Adventure in the Network.” It contains a story with many illustrations to help

readers learn how to reach particular websites and how a “Domain Name,” which is theInternet address, works. In addition, it describes HTTPS, a scheme for ensuring secure
telecommunications, in a simple manner.

https://jprs.co.jp/press/2018/180515.html (In Japanese)
https://jprs.co.jp/en/ponta.pdf

Participation in Interop Tokyo 2018 (June)
JPRS ran a booth at Interop Tokyo 2018 to provide information on domainnames and DNS. It held seminars such as “The basics of Domain Names

and DNS,” “Essentials of Switching to HTTPS and Server Certificates” and“Relationship between DNS and Server Certificates in Light of Security
and Recent Incidents” at the booth to share technical information related
to domain names, DNS and server certificates. JPRS also provided

information to visitors through a panel exhibition and by distributing
technical documents.

https://jprs.jp/related-info/event/2018/0628_interop.html (In Japanese)*6 SECCON 2018https://2018.seccon.jp/ (in Japanese)
04 Registry Report

JPRS boothSupport for “Oshigoto Hakubutsukan,” a Career Education Support Programby Asahi Shimbun (June)
Recognizing the importance of career education for the children who will lead the next

generation and the benefits of understanding the Internet infrastructure at an early age,
JPRS co-sponsored “Oshigoto Hakubutsukan*7 (Occupations Museum),” a career

education support program conducted by Asahi Shimbun. JPRS also provided theprogram with educational materials regarding domain names.

Under the program, “Oshigoto Nenkan ( Occupations Yearbook ) ” is distributed toschools free of charge, and clearly explains to students how businesses and institutions

work. The yearbook complies with government guidelines on education and can beused as a teaching tool. A total of 64,000 copies of the 2018 yearbook were donated to

Oshigoto Nenkan 2018about 20,000 elementary schools and 10,000 junior high schools across the country,
and the contents are also published on the website “Oshigoto Hakubutsukan Kids.”
https://jprs.co.jp/topics/2018/180626.html (in Japanese)

Cooperation with the Production of “Professional IPv6,” a Practical Guide
to IPv6 Technologies (July)“Professional IPv6” is a book that helps readers understand IPv6. It was written by Mr. Akimichi Ogawa and ispublished by Lambda Note. The book explains the status of standardization of IPv6, which is a rapidly spreading
protocol, and its associated technologies. JPRS supports the book’s concept of broad publication of IPv6- andDNS-related technical information and so cooperated in its production.

The book was crowdfunded: its e-book (PDF) is publicly available for free, while the print edition is available forpurchase.

https://jprs.co.jp/topics/2018/180705.html (in Japanese)

JPRS Held 9th “.jp DNSSEC Key Ceremony” (October)In public-key cryptography, a key ceremony is a procedure in which a unique pair of private and public keys is
generated. In JPRS, a key ceremony, or .jp DNSSEC Key Ceremony, is a procedure for creating key- andzone-signing keys and signing the jp zone.

It is vital for the reliability and stability of DNSSEC that the procedure for generating and managing the key pairs

is properly and securely executed. For this reason, JPRS invites External Witnesses, who are not affiliated with
JPRS, to the .jp DNSSEC Key Ceremony. In the .jp DNSSEC Key Ceremony held on October 2, two External
Witnesses observed and confirmed the process.

https://jprs.co.jp/en/topics/2018/181003.html*7 Oshigoto Hakubutsukan
https://www.oshihaku.jp/ (in Japanese)
Registry Report05

01 Registry Activities

Start of Accepting General Registration Applications for Japanese JP Domain Names
Representing School Names (November)
JPRS started accepting General registration applications for Japanese JP domain names representing the names of
elementary and secondary educational institutions (school names) such as “○○小学校.jp” and “○○高校.東京.jp” on
November 1, 2018.

Following its announcement in October 2016 about the launch, JPRS solicited comments from school officials about theservice and improved the registration rule to address the actual situation in the field of education. As part of the effort,

JPRS amended the rule concerning the following two school categories that have a specific abbreviation: “中学” for “中学校” and “高校” for “高等学校.” Under the revised rule, only those schools and founding entities that have alreadyregistered either the string of their official school category name or the abbreviation can register the other string.

JPRS also extended the Concurrent Registration Application Period, a time frame designed to minimize competition that

occurs in a first-come, first-served registration, longer than originally planned. The purpose of the extension was to give
each school enough time to consider and an equal opportunity to register desired domain names.
https://jprs.co.jp/press/2018/181101.html (in Japanese)

Cooperation with the Company Visit of Junior High School Students (November)
JPRS assisted the School Support Center *8 in its company visit program
intended to provide career training for high school and junior high school

students. JPRS outlined its business and domain name services as well as
the mechanism of DNS to the students of Aomori Prefectural Sanbongi
Junior High School, who visited JPRS’s head office in Tokyo.

https://jprs.co.jp/topics/2018/181120.html (in Japanese)

Company visit to JPRS

Publication of “Textbook to understand DNS well,” a Book Written by JPRS Engineers (November)“Textbook to understand DNS well,” an instruction book authored by JPRS engineers, waspublished by SB Creative*9.

This book is intended for novices in Internet technology and engineers wishing to study it
again from the basics. It explains the fundamentals of DNS, one of the vital structures
underpinning the Internet, and provides related knowledge.

JPRS participated in the publication with the view that generating interest in and ensuring
an accurate understanding of DNS will help enhance the stable operation of the Internet.
https://jprs.co.jp/topics/2018/181122.html (in Japanese)*8 Specified Non-Profit Corporation School Support Center
http://npossc.net/ (in Japanese)*9 SB Creative Corp.
https://www.softbankcr.co.jp/en/index.html
06 Registry Report

Textbook to understand
DNS wellSupport for Internet Week 2018 (November)
JPRS supported Internet Week 2018 as a sponsor and sent Kazunori

Fujiwara to serve on the Program Committee and contribute to the planningof DNS-related sessions. In addition, Takaharu Ui, Kazunori Fujiwara andKazuki Ikeda of JPRS discussed domain names, DNS and other related
topics in the program called “DNS DAY.”At the Lunch Seminar, Yasuhiro Morishita and Kunitaka Kakoi gave apresentation entitled “DNS Abuse and How DNS Operators Should

Lunch Seminar at Internet Week 2018

Respond – Make DNS Securer by Understanding Domain Hijacking – Lunchwith DNS” and shared the current trend of domain hijacking, whichconstitutes a DNS abuse, and the points to consider in DNS operation.
https://jprs.co.jp/topics/2018/181015.html (In Japanese)

Events and Seminars for JP Registrars“JP Registrar Seminar – An Introduction to Domain Name Registration and Administration –” (May)JPRS explained the basics of domain names, how to register and administer them, as well as thefundamental structure of DNS to newly accredited JP Registrars and the staff of JP Registrars who recently
started handling JP domain names.
“JPRS Partners’ Meeting” (October)
JPRS described the latest developments in the domain name industry, plans for the JP Domain Name
including future service changes as well as information useful for day-to-day operations to those staff
members who were handling domain names in JP Registrars.
As for the current status of the domain name industry, JPRS talked about the impact of the EU’s General
Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) that had come into effect in May 2018. It also outlined the DNS flag day
carried out on February 1, 2019 and the Root Zone KSK Rollover happening from 2017 to 2019.

Registry Report07

01 Registry Activities

01・3

International Relations

1. Participation in ICANNICANN* 1 is a non-profit corporation established in the UnitedStates in 1998 for global coordination of the resources such as
domain names and IP addresses which underpin the Internet.

Since its foundation, JPRS has been actively participating in theorganization of ICANN and various policy discussions andsupporting the facilitation of Internet resource management led by
the private sector, with ICANN playing the central role. In 2002,

JPRS signed a “ccTLD*2 Sponsorship Agreement” with ICANN andhas since been entrusted by ICANN to serve as the registry of

ICANN63(photo provided by ICANN)Japan’s ccTLD “.jp.”

By participating in various organizations established within ICANN, as well as by giving presentations andinformation exchanges at various sessions, JPRS participates in policy development and implementation

planning to cope with issues facing ICANN and registries. Also via ICANN, JPRS is sharing its experiencein JP registry operations with the global community, thereby contributing to the development of theInternet as a whole.

ICANN holds three public meetings each year in different regions of the world to enable global
stakeholders to participate in person and discuss Internet resource management and related rules. In

2018, ICANN61 was held in San Juan, Puerto Rico in March, ICANN62 in Panama City, Republic ofPanama in June, and ICANN63 in Barcelona, Spain in October.

With the participation of numerous parties interested in ccTLD and gTLD*3, ICANN has always functioned
as an important forum for information-sharing and discussion on issues on policies and governanceconcerning domain name management. The ICANN Supporting Organizations ( SOs ) and the Advisory

Committees ( ACs ) continued active discussions between different SOs/ACs to promote a better

understanding of each other in 2018.

ICANN is serving as an important forum for SOs/ACs to exchange views on different topics of interest,with a focus on Internet resources. The key topics of the discussion in 2018 included the range of public
WHOIS data and that of non-public WHOIS data. The participants shared information on the response ofeach country regarding this matter and discussed the common policies to be applied to gTLDs.

*1 ICANN: Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
https://www.icann.org*2 ccTLD: Country Code Top Level Domain*3 gTLD: Generic Top Level Domain
08 Registry Report

The community discussion that had continued since 2014 resulted in the completion of the IANA* 4

stewardship transition in October 2016. Currently, SOs/ACs are working on improving not only theirstructure but also transparency underpinning the structure, by publishing the materials and records oftheir meetings. The effort is bringing about tangible effects, such as the improved frequency and quality ofproviding information to members.

The following reports JPRS's activities in the Supporting Organizations and the Advisory Committees
within ICANN:(1) ccNSO
ccNSO*5 is one of the Supporting Organizations set up in ICANN to assist its activities. The role of ccNSO is toform a consensus in the ccTLD community on global issues concerning the entire ccTLD space and to makerecommendations to the ICANN Board. JPRS has been a member of ccNSO since its inception in 2003, andHirofumi Hotta of JPRS has served as a ccNSO Council member during the same time.

In 2018, ccNSO listened to the activity reports made by the committees established after the IANA
stewardship transition, exchanged information and held question-and-answer sessions with its internal working
groups ( WGs ) on various issues including reviewing the existing guidelines and developing new guiding

principles. In addition, it held sessions at which the participants shared the latest topics and recent
developments unique to each ccTLD registry.

In the discussion about the use of country and territory names as TLDs, ccNSO was required to formulate acollective opinion best representing the whole ccTLD community, including ccTLDs not belonging to ccNSO.
Therefore, ccNSO teamed up with the regional ccTLD associations and worked hard to carry out publicity
activities and consultations by sharing information in the face-to-face meetings and on the mailing list.

In the wake of frequent natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis across the globe in recent years,
ccNSO members actively shared information about diverse measures in each country including equipment,

employees and external collaboration, with a view to ensuring business continuity. In March 2018, Hirofumi
Hotta of JPRS shared information on past disasters in Japan as well as the company’s response.

*4 IANA: Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
https://www.iana.org/*5 ccNSO: Country Code Names Supporting Organisation
https://ccnso.icann.org/
Registry Report09

01 Registry Activities(2) IDN Variant TLD Program
The IDN*6 Variant TLD Program is a series of activities to develop Label Generation Rules (LGR) for the rootzone and aims to establish procedures to add non-ASCII scripts to the root zone.

The following two panels are engaged in the activities of the IDN Variant TLD Program:
1. Generation Panel (GP)Each GP is composed of key figures of each language community and experts in linguistics and domain names.
Each GP creates a proposed LGR for a given script and is organized for each script to be added in the root zone.

2. Integration Panel (IP)
IP is a panel of experts in character encoding or IDNs and is tasked with integrating rules developed by the GPs
into a consistent set of LGRs.

The IP was established in 2014, and several GPs for different scripts were formed in 2015. The other Asian
language communities are also making progress.

The cultural community that uses Han (Kanji) script includes the Chinese, Korean and Japanese communities,
so it is necessary to develop the LGRs that are consistent across those language communities. Therefore, theJapanese community has been working on its LGR in consideration of such necessity. The study is being
conducted in the Japanese Generation Panel ( JGP ) involving IDN experts representing the Japanese

language community, linguists and registry experts, with JPNIC and JPRS serving as the secretariat. Hirofumi
Hotta of JPRS is leading the initiative as the chair, and Yoshiro Yoneya is participating as a member of the

JGP. They are contributing their expertise gained through designing, providing and operating the Japanese JP
Domain Name services.

After mutual coordination among the Japanese, Chinese and Korean GPs, they respectively proposed the
LGRs for their own scripts to ICANN and moved onto separate discussions with the IP. These distinct

discussions with the IP concluded in the first half of 2017, as the consultation between the Chinese andKorean GPs took longer than expected. Currently, the Japanese GP is making final arrangements with the IP
to incorporate the result of the two-party consultation. The final adjustment is expected to continue into 2019.

*6 IDN: Internationalized Domain Name

10 Registry Report(3) RSSACRSSAC*7 is one of the Advisory Committees within ICANN that advises the ICANN community and the Boardon matters relating to operation, administration, security, and integrity of the Root Server System.

As one of the operators of the M-Root DNS server, JPRS has been participating in the activities of RSSAC incollaboration with the WIDE Project*8, the other operator. Hirofumi Hotta of JPRS plays an active role in thecommittee representing both of the two M-Root DNS server operators.

In 2018, RSSAC continued efforts to make its activities more transparent by organizing the open sessions ineach ICANN meeting to describe the role and function of the root servers and by discussing the accountabilityof the root server operators. It also discussed the new governance model for the DNS Root Server Systemand submitted the proposed model to the ICANN Board. Shinta Sato, Kazunori Fujiwara and Yoshitaka Aharenof JPRS serve as members of the RSSAC Caucus, which is tasked with considering and developing the

documents that RSSAC proposes to the ICANN Board and the community. They are actively participating in
the Resolver Study Work Party and the Service Coverage Work Party.

(4) DNSSEC Workshop Program Committee
As part of its efforts to promote DNSSEC, ICANN holds the DNSSEC Workshop in every ICANN meeting.
This DNSSEC Workshop functions as a forum for registries, registrars, Internet service providers andbusinesses to share their experience of deploying DNSSEC and to learn the latest technological trends
related to DNSSEC.

Yoshiro Yoneya of JPRS serves on the DNSSEC Workshop Program Committee as a member representing
Asia and plays a part by planning the workshops and informing the other members of the situation in Japan.

*7 RSSAC: Root Server System Advisory Committee
https://www.icann.org/groups/rssac*8 WIDE Project
http://www.wide.ad.jp/index_e.html
Registry Report11

01 Registry Activities(5) Root Zone KSK Rollover Design TeamDNSSEC deployment in the root zone began in July 2010. It is specified that a Rollover of the Root Zone Key
Signing Key (KSK) should be carried out when necessary or every five years*9. In February 2015, ICANN set
up a design team (Root Zone KSK Rollover Design Team) that was tasked with planning the Root Zone KSK

Rollover. The team produced and published for comment a document that defined the roles of the relatedparties and the Rollover process. The draft was approved by the ICANN Board, which was followed bypublication of the finalized version in March 2016*10. Yoshiro Yoneya of JPRS participated in the design teamas a member.

The Root Zone KSK Rollover was originally scheduled to occur on October 11, 2017. However, a

postponement was announced because a certain number of resolvers were found not to have the new KSK.
During the public comment period conducted by ICANN from February to April 2018, the DNS operators’community indicated that ICANN should proceed. Hence, the Rollover was carried out on October 11, 2018,
one year later than originally scheduled. As a consequence, no major trouble was reported, and ICANN issued
a statement to announce that the switch to the new KSK had been successfully completed*11.

In Japan, Yoshiro Yoneya of JPRS carried out a survey on the readiness for the Root Zone KSK Rollover andshared the result with ICANN and the Japanese community*12.

The series of steps related to the Root Zone KSK Rollover will be concluded upon the revocation of the old
KSK that will occur from January 11 to March 22, 2019.

*9 DNSSEC Practice Statement for the Root Zone KSK Operator
https://www.iana.org/dnssec/icann-dps.txt*10 Root Zone KSK Rollover Plan
https://www.iana.org/reports/2016/root-ksk-rollover-design-20160307.pdf*11 First Root KSK Rollover Successfully Completed
https://www.icann.org/news/announcement-2018-10-15-en*12 Looking Back at Root Zone KSK Rollover (in Japanese)
https://dnsops.jp/bof/20181129/RootKSKRO-postmortem-01+.pdf
12 Registry Report2. Participation in IETF
IETF*1 was established in 1986 by IAB*2 to promote standardization ofInternet technologies. There are a number of Working Groups in IETF

that are developing standards in various technology areas. Discussion
and other activities of IETF are handled via its mailing lists. IETF also

holds meetings three times per year, and engineers gather from every
region across the world to attend these meetings.

In 2018, IETF 101 was held in London, the United Kingdom, IETF 102 in

IETF 103

Montreal, Canada, and IETF 103 in Bangkok, Thailand. JPRS isparticipating in the standardization activities in IETF by working on
internationalization of the identifiers to be used in each protocol,
suggesting solutions to the issues related to DNS operations andproposing standardization of the technologies employed by registries.
The following reports on JPRS’s activities in IETF:(1) dnsop WG
The name of the dnsop WG* 3 derives from DNS Operations, and aims to compile a guideline for DNS
operation in general, including administration of DNS servers and registration data.

JPRS has actively participated in the dnsop WG with its expertise as the JP DNS operator to point out the
ambiguity in the DNS protocol, present the issues caused by misconfigurations of DNS servers and discuss

the operational method of DNSSEC. Besides that, JPRS engineers co-authored RFC 4074, RFC 7719 and
RFC 8198, and these RFCs were issued thus far.

Kazunori Fujiwara of JPRS, Mr. Paul Hoffman of ICANN and Mr. Andrew Sullivan, the former IAB chair,co-authored the DNS Terminology (glossary), which was then issued as RFC 7719 in December 2015. In

2018, they continued to collect words for the glossary and make suggestions for improvement. The DNS
Terminology was approved as the Best Current Practice in September 2018 and issued as RFC 8499 on
January 2, 2019.

*1 IETF: Internet Engineering Task Forcehttps://www.ietf.org/*2 IAB: Internet Architecture Board
https://www.iab.com/*3 dnsop WG: Domain Name System Operations Working Grouphttps://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/dnsop/

Registry Report13

01 Registry Activities

3. Participation in Registry Associations(1) APTLDAPTLD*1 is an association composed of ccTLD registries mainly in the Asia Pacific (AP) region. JPRS has

been a member of APTLD since 2002. As the registry for JP domain names, JPRS proposes improvements of
APTLD activities, provides information and exchanges views at presentations and discussions so that the

ccTLD community in the Asia Pacific region can gain experience and expertise and raise the level of service
standards.

In the APTLD meetings held twice a year, the groups and the organizations related to the region introduced

their activities and the participants explained what they were implementing and considering, such as theservice of each ccTLD registry and efforts to improve the security of domain names, which led to active
discussions.

At the APTLD Kathmandu Meeting held in Nepal in February, Hirofumi Hotta of JPRS moderated the session
on domain drop catching and shared the situation in the JP domain name space. He also moderated themeeting on registries’ response to natural disasters in the APTLD Tashkent Meeting organized in Uzbekistan in
September and talked about the countermeasures taken in .JP. In addition, Hotta participated in the session

on IDN as a panelist. On the other hand, Yuri Takamatsu of JPRS took part in the panel on the response ofregistries in the case of a registrar’s bankruptcy and explained JPRS’s measures. In 2018, APTLD meetings

also focused on formulating its position about the use of country and territory names and other geographicalnames as TLDs. In September, APTLD published its position statement concerning this issue.

(2) CENTR
CENTR*2 is an association consisting of ccTLD registries mainly in Europe. As an associate member, JPRS
shares information and exchanges opinions with other CENTR members. In addition, CENTR conducts
surveys and information-sharing among members, so JPRS is actively taking part in these activities toconsider its future services in the light of what it learns in CENTR.

*1 APTLD: Asia Pacific Top Level Domain Association
https://www.aptld.org/*2 CENTR: Council of European National Top Level Domain Registries
https://www.centr.org/

14 Registry Report

4. Other International Activities(1) Participation in the Internet Governance Forum (IGF)
IGF*1 is an international conference organized under the auspices of the United Nations (UN) and has been
held annually since 2006. IGF 2018 was organized at the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization ( UNESCO ) in Paris, France in November. Hirofumi Hotta and Yuri Takamatsu of JPRS
participated in the event and joined the sessions including the one related to the IGF Regional and National
Initiatives (NRIs)*2.

This particular forum held multiple sessions on the countermeasures against attacks and rights violations via
the Internet that have been increasing in line with the expanding use of the Internet, and the participants
discussed the need for related regulations. In addition, the attendees actively debated and exchanged

opinions about the necessity and the effect of producing an outcome backed by a certain level of consensus at
the global IGF as well as the regional and local discussion fora.

(2) Participation in Asia Pacific Regional Internet Governance Forum (APrIGF)
APrIGF*3 has been held annually since 2010, with the participation of mainly the members of the community in

the Asia Pacific. It has been a forum for discussing issues related to Internet governance in not only the APregion but also the entire world. Hirofumi Hotta of JPRS is on the Multi-Stakeholder Steering Group (MSG)
that considers the policy direction of APrIGF.

The 2018 APrIGF was held in Port Vila, the Republic of Vanuatu in August, and Hirofumi Hotta and Yuri

Takamatsu of JPRS participated in the event. As the first APrIGF organized in the Pacific region, it gathered anumber of Pacific ccTLDs. Hirofumi Hotta had proposed a session on registries’ response to andcountermeasures against natural disasters and talked about the case of Japan as a panelist at the session. He

also sat on the panel in the session on e-government service and its usage condition and shared the situationin Japan. The 2018 APrIGF continued to develop an outcome document to deliver to the global IGF as acollective voice formed in the APrIGF, which was put into practice in 2015 for the first time. As part of the effort,
several sessions were held in the 2018 APrIGF to hear opinions about the draft outcome document. The

secretariat and the volunteers first developed the draft outcome. Then, following the review carried out during
the APrIGF and the subsequent public comment period, the outcome document was released to the public.

*1 IGF: Internet Governance Forumhttps://www.intgovforum.org/*2 IGF Regional and National Initiatives
https://www.intgovforum.org/multilingual/content/igf-regional-and-national-initiatives*3 APrIGF: Asia Pacific Regional Internet Governance Forumhttps://www.rigf.asia/
Registry Report15

01 Registry Activities(3) Efforts Related to Internet Governance
The IGF recognizes the efforts being made at local and regional levels to promote discussions pertaining toInternet governance as the NRIs, provided they fulfill certain requirements. In the case of Japan, Internet
Governance Conference Japan (IGCJ)*4 and IGF-Japan*5 jointly applied to the IGF under the name of Japan

IGF*6, a single national IGF they established for the purpose of mutual cooperation and evolution of both

initiatives. The Japan IGF was recognized by the global IGF in November 2016.

Hirofumi Hotta of JPRS was involved in forming the Japan IGF as a member of the IGCJ Coordination Teamand has been discussing its operation and the information that the Japan IGF should publish. In the session toshare the situation in each regional and national IGF that was held in Paris in November, the Japan IGF
described the platforms where the local community was discussing the topics at IGF. It also explained thechallenge of establishing a single forum where experts from various backgrounds could get together anddiscuss issues.

(4) Participation in the DotAsia Organisation
The DotAsia Organisation*7 is the sponsoring organization and registry for the “.asia” top level domain. It is a

not-for-profit organization incorporated in Hong Kong and contributes its proceeds of the “.asia” registration
services toward promoting the Internet in the Asia Pacific region by carrying out various community projects.

Internet advancement initiatives of the DotAsia Organisation include the APrIGF Secretariat alongside the“NetMission Ambassadors Program” and “Youth IGF,” which are capacity-building programs for young people
who are expected to play a role in the evolution of the Internet.

JPRS has participated in the DotAsia Organisation as a Sponsor Member since its foundation, and Atsushi
Endo of JPRS plays a role in its organizational operation as one of the Board Directors.

*4 Internet Governance Conference Japan (IGCJ)
https://igcj.jp/*5 IGF-Japan Archivehttps://www.jaipa.or.jp/topics/igf-japan/ (in Japanese)*6 Japan IGF
https://japanigf.jp/*7 DotAsia Organisation
https://www.dot.asia/
16 Registry Report(5) Participation in AP* Retreat
AP* ( APstar*8 ) Retreat is a meeting that is held twice a year in principle and gathers the Internet-related

associations in the Asia Pacific region as well as the participants representing the organizations playing key

roles in the Internet in each country and region. At the AP* Retreat meetings the participants share theactivities and concerns of each participating organization and discuss how the Asia Pacific community as awhole should address the issues related to the Internet.

In 2018, AP* Retreat was held in Kathmandu, Nepal in February and then in Noumea, New Caledonia in
September. Hirofumi Hotta and Atsushi Endo of JPRS participated in the meeting in February, and Hotta took
part in the meeting in September.

(6) Participation in Root DNS Server Operation
JPRS and the WIDE Project collaboratively operate the M-Root DNS server, one of the root DNS servers, forthe purpose of ensuring the reliability and stability of DNS operations.

The 12 root DNS server operator organizations from around the world meet on the first day of IETF meetings,
which are held three times a year, and JPRS has been participating in these meetings as one of theorganizations in charge of M-Root DNS server operations. At these meetings, attendees share information
principally on the stability of server operations and topics related to the latest technology.

(7) Participation in DNS-OARC
DNS-OARC*9 is an international organization established in 2004 for the purpose of improving the stability andquality of DNS through various activities related to operation, analysis and study of DNS, the system widelyused on the Internet. DNS-OARC conducts the annual DITL*10, which involves collecting and evaluating server

packets of DNS including the root servers once a year for 50 hours.

DNS-OARC has held workshops twice a year. In the workshop organized in San Juan, Puerto Rico in March
2018, Kazunori Fujiwara of JPRS gave a presentation entitled “Evaluation and consideration of multiple
responses.”*8 APstar: The Community of Asia Pacific Internet Organizations
http://www.apstar.org/*9 DNS-OARC: The DNS Operations, Analysis, and Research Center
https://www.dns-oarc.net/*10 DITL: Day In The Life of the Internet
https://www.dns-oarc.net/oarc/data/ditl

Registry Report17

01 Registry Activities(8) Participation in W3C
W3C*11 is a non-profit organization founded in 1994 to develop a series of technical standards for the World

Wide Web. JPRS participates in W3C and plays an active role in enhancing Web security and internationalizationof identifiers. Yoshiro Yoneya of JPRS co-chairs the HTTPS in Local Network Community Group*12 establishedin 2017. The group is assembling case examples of using HTTPS communications in local environments andthe applicable technologies that are in existence.

(9) Activities in Academic Societies
JPRS continues to participate in academic societies through its study and research in DNS and other relatedareas of study. Takeshi Mitamura of JPRS serves as an expert member of the Special Interest Group on

Business Informatics within the Japanese Society of Artificial Intelligence, and Kazunori Fujiwara of JPRS sitson the Technical Committee on Internet Architecture of EIC Communication Society as an expert member.

In 2018, the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers ( IEICE ) accepted the

expanded version of the research paper entitled “Cache Effect of Shared DNS Resolver” that had been

co-authored by Kazunori Fujiwara of JPRS along with Mr. Akira Sato and Mr. Kenichi Yoshida of the Universityof Tsukuba and been adopted for “COMPSAC 2017*13.” The updated version was then published in December
2018 as an advance publication article of the IEICE Transactions on Communications. In their analysis of afull-service resolver in a university network, they removed the shared DNS cache and let each node carry out
name resolutions. As a result, the queries from the university to the root and TLDs increased by about ten
times. Based on this finding, they concluded in the paper that the shared DNS cache worked effectively.

*11 W3C: World Wide Web Consortium
https://www.w3.org/*12 https://www.w3.org/community/httpslocal/*13 COMPSAC 2017https://www.computer.org/web/compsac2017/18 Registry Report

Registry Report19

01 Registry Activities

01・4

Activities in Japan(1) Participation in JANOG
JANOG*1 is the organization established to promote the smooth operation of networks through discussions andinformation-sharing among network operators to contribute to Internet users and engineers. The members
discuss various issues on the mailing list and gather at JANOG Meetings held twice a year. JANOG also
convenes its Interim Meeting between the regular JANOG meetings.

The JANOG Meetings were held in January and July in 2018. JANOG alsoorganized the Interim Meetings in April and October.

JPRS supports JANOG Meetings as one of the sponsors. Also, it isparticipating in the discussion on the mailing list as well as in the meetings.

JANOG42 Meeting(2) Participation in DNSOPS.JPDNS Operators' Group, Japan (DNSOPS.JP)*2 was established in 2006 with the intention of contributing to the stable
operation of the Internet through the administration of DNS. Yasuhiro Morishita of JPRS participated in theestablishment as one of the founding members. DNSOPS.JP serves as a forum for DNS operators where they can
exchange and share information and discuss related issues. DNSOPS.JP holds a BoF (Birds of a Feather) annuallyfor technical presentations and discussions.

It has also organized “DNS Summer Day,” in which participants share their efforts related to DNS and give lightning
talks, every summer since 2012.

In the “DNS Summer Day 2018” held in June 2018, Yasuhiro Morishita of JPRS talked about the company’s initiative
to disseminate technical information. In addition, Yoshitaka Aharen of JPRS and Mr. Yoshibumi Suematsu of QTnet*3
gave a presentation entitled “Key Point of Migration from BIND9.9 to 9.11 – Three Days to Go before End of Life
(EOL) of 9.9” and explained the points to note when migrating from BIND9.9, the soon-to-be EOL version, to
BIND9.11, the next long-term support version.

Beside these, Kentaro Mori of JPRS gave a lightning talk entitled “gTLD Update – Comply with GDPR through RDAP”
and outlined RDAP as a means to incorporate GDPR, and Kazunori Fujiwara illustrated ED25519, an algorithm ofelliptic curve cryptography used for DNSSEC signing, in his presentation entitled “An Encouragement of ED25519.”

In the BoF held in November, Yoshiro Yoneya of JPRS recapitulated the Root Zone KSK Rollover occurred in October
2018 from the operational viewpoint, using a slide deck entitled “Looking Back at Root Zone KSK Rollover.” The

response of the participants in this particular session and the information about the survey on the readiness for the
KSK Rollover conducted mainly in DNSOPS.JP and JANOG were conveyed to ICANN as well.
*1 JANOG: JApan Network Operators’ Grouphttps://www.janog.gr.jp/en/*2 DNSOPS.JP: DNS Operators Group, Japan
https://dnsops.jp/ (in Japanese)*3 QTnet, Inc.
https://www.qtnet.co.jp/ (in Japanese)
20 Registry Report(3) Participation in ICANN Readout Sessions“ICANN Readout Session” is the event that has been organized jointly by JPNIC and IAjapan from 2001 to2017 and by JPNIC from April 2017 onward. JPRS has been participating in the ICANN Readout Sessions as
the .JP registry and reporting to the Japanese community about the trend of ccTLDs and other relevant topics.

The ICANN Readout Sessions were held in April, September and December in 2018. In these events, JPRS
reported on the development and issues in ccNSO and the draft governance model of the Root Server System
proposed by RSSAC to the ICANN Board.

(4) Participation in ISOC-JP
ISOC-JP*4 was established in August 1994 and made various efforts to promote the Internet in Japan as theJapan Chapter of ISOC*5.

Takaharu Ui of JPRS has contributed to the activities of ISOC-JP as the chair of the 2018 Nominating Committeeof ISOC-JP. In addition, Yoshiro Yoneya of JPRS has been contributing to ISOC-JP as a member of the Internet
Standardization Promotion Committee since 2017.

ISOC-JP and JPNIC jointly organized IETF Update Meetings three times in 2018. Yoshiro Yoneya of JPRS gavea presentation entitled “IETF Hot Topics” and shared the topics that had attracted a lot of attention among all the
IETF meetings. Kazunori Fujiwara of JPRS reported on the development in the DNS-related working groups andon the discussion about IP fragmentation, using a slide deck entitled “DNS and Other Topics.”(5) Participation in ICT-ISAC
ICT-ISAC* 6 was established in 2016 to contribute to the formation of a secure society underpinned byinformation and communication technology ( ICT ) . It has been working together with businesses andorganizations from a wide range of fields related to ICT to keep distribution and communication of information

stable, thereby improving security countermeasures and achieving a higher level of responses. JPRS has
been participating in ICT-ISAC as a member since 2017.

ICT-ISAC undertakes activities through various working groups consisting of its members. JPRS is taking part
mainly in Cyber Attack Defense Exercise-WG (CAE-WG), Rapid Response to DoS Attacks-WG (DoS-WG),

Special Interest Group for DNS Operators (DNS-SiG), Society of Network Abuse Response-WG (SoNAR-WG)
and IoT Security-WG to contribute to enhancing the security related to ICT.

*4 ISOC-JP: The Internet Society Japan Chapter
https://www.isoc.jp/ (in Japanese)*5 ISOC: Internet Society
https://www.internetsociety.org/*6 ICT-ISAC: ICT Information Sharing And Analysis Center Japan
https://www.ict-isac.jp/english/index.html
Registry Report21

01 Registry Activities(6) Participation in Internet Governance Conference Japan
Internet Governance Conference Japan (IGCJ) defines the following as its objectives and holds discussions
and information exchanges through the mailing list as well as at the meetings organized every couple ofmonths. JPRS has participated in the IGCJ since its inception.

1. To construct a platform in Japan for well-informed considerations of Internet governance issues

2. As appropriate, to make recommendations on Internet governance issues for in-country stakeholders andthe global arena

The IGCJ’s key agenda topics for 2018 included the situation both at home and abroad in the lead-up to theeffectuation of the EU's GDPR as well as the panel on measures against online piracy. The IGCJ introduced
the outline of cyber norms.

Hirofumi Hotta of JPRS has been participating in the discussion on the mailing list and in the meetings of the

IGCJ. He also serves as a member of the IGCJ Coordination Team and contributes to the planning of eachmeeting.

(7) Participation in the Council of Anti-Phishing JapanThe Council of Anti-Phishing Japan*7 is a council tasked mainly with collecting and providing information onphishing and issuing alerts. Kazumitsu Shiraiwa of JPRS took up a post as Steering Committee member in2018 and has since been contributing to the activities of the council.

The Council has published the “Anti-Phishing Guidelines” for service providers and consumers. It alsoorganizes a working group to consider refining the guidelines, taking into consideration the current threats.
Takaharu Ui of JPRS is taking part in the working group as a member.

In addition, Kazumitsu Shiraiwa of JPRS is a member of the working group tasked mainly with promoting
knowledge about server certificates.

*7 Council of Anti-Phishing Japan
https://www.antiphishing.jp/ (in Japanese)

22 Registry Report(8) Participation in Telecom Services Association
Telecom Services Association*8 was founded for the purpose of promoting the sound evolution of informationand telecommunication businesses in the competitive market, thereby contributing to the development of theindustry as a whole and enhancing the benefits to citizens as well as public welfare.

The Service Ethics Committee within the Telecom Services Association is tasked with addressing ethics andother related issues in network services. It works on improving the Internet use environment by exchanging

opinions and information on the laws and regulations related to network services and the challenges facing
providers. Takaharu Ui of JPRS has been participating in the committee.

(9) Participation in KEIDANREN (Japan Business Federation)
The Committee on Information and Telecommunication Policy of KEIDANREN (Japan Business Federation)*9is the body tasked with deliberating and making policy proposals about issues including the promotion of

personal data utilization, use of open data, trade environment surrounding the major technology companies,
enhanced cybersecurity and the whole concept of industries in the era of Society 5.0. Hirofumi Hotta,

Takaharu Ui and Atsushi Endo of JPRS have been taking part in the discussion in the Planning Subcommittee
within the Committee on Information and Telecommunication Policy.

*8 Telecom Services Association
http://www.telesa.or.jp/ (in Japanese)*9 KEIDANREN (Japan Business Federation)
https://www.keidanren.or.jp/en/
Registry Report23

01 Registry Activities

01・5

Overview of this Term’s Activities and Challenges
for the Future

JPRS has constantly worked to strike a proper balance among reliability, stability, usability and fee

performance, which constitute the basis of JP domain name registry services and JP DNS operation, while
also improving each of the four values.

In 2018, JPRS started accepting general registration applications for Japanese JP domain names
representing the names of elementary and secondary educational institutions (school names) such as “○○小学校.jp” and “○○高校.東京.jp.” This service was introduced in the wake of the increased use of ICT in the fieldof education in recent years and the growing importance of straightforward domain names that areuser-friendly and capable of disseminating information. During the period from the announcement on theservice outline and the registration schedule in 2016 to the start of accepting General registration applicationsin November 2018, JPRS improved the registration rule to bring the service more into line with the actual
situation in classrooms.

JPRS also tapped into its expertise as the JP domain name registry to provide information related to domainnames and DNS and promote understanding of industry trends at events and meetings held in Japan andoverseas. In October 2018, the signing with the new KSK in the Root Zone KSK Rollover started. Throughout
the process leading up to the event, JPRS disseminated information outlining the procedure and promoting

advance preparations in order to support smooth implementation of the KSK Rollover. Moreover, engineers of
JPRS authored a book explaining DNS with the view that generating interest in and ensuring an accurate
understanding of DNS will help enhance the stable operation of the Internet.

The year 2018 continued to see a number of incidents threatening the stable operation of the Internet, such as
domain hijacking through DNS tampering and serious DNS software vulnerabilities that required an urgent
response. JPRS collaborated with other relevant organizations and responded to these problems by alertingthe community.

As part of its Internet-related educational support activities, JPRS has distributed a free booklet on how theInternet works to educational institutions across Japan for nine years in a row. The number of copies

distributed in the last nine years exceeds 250,000. To help children who will lead the next generation, JPRS
also supported a career education project undertaken by a newspaper publisher and provided domain names
free of charge at a website creation contest for junior and senior high school students.

Going forward, JPRS will reinforce its facility to improve the fault tolerance of DNS and enhance the security ofits system in order to ensure continuity of the services. JPRS will also continue to disseminate information on
DNS technology by issuing advisories on vulnerabilities and security alerts to support the stable operation of
DNS.

As the registry of JP domain names, JPRS will continue its efforts to provide better and stable services.

24 Registry Report

Registry Report25

02 Statistical Information

Change in the Cumulative Number of Registered
JP Domain Names

02・1

As of February 1, 2018, the cumulative number of registered JP domain names surpassed 1.5 million. As ofJanuary 1, 2019, the cumulative number of registered JP domain names reached 1,551,357 an increase of
55,880 in one year.
165(Number of names)
Organizational/Geographic Type150

General-use

135

Prefecture Type

120
105
90
75
60
45
30
15
0

1993 94

95

96

97

98

99 2000 01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15 16 17 18 2019
As of January each year
(Number of names)

Month/Year
1993/1
1994/1
1995/1
1996/1
1997/1
1998/1
1999/1
2000/1
2001/1
2002/1
2003/1
2004/1
2005/1
2006/1
2007/1
2008/1
2009/1
2010/1
2011/1
2012/1
2013/1
2014/1
2015/1
2016/1
2017/1
2018/1
2019/1

Organizational/
Geographic Type
953
1,341
2,206
4,781
15,47733,73958,549124,573
234,294
283,340
297,413309,193
327,742
346,340
363,768
378,903389,598
399,339
406,856
413,332
421,606
428,467
435,390446,004
458,947
472,906
486,956

General-use(Japanese domain name)183,499（ 61,507）
205,493（ 51,544）
245,100（ 45,402）
317,455（ 63,324）
439,784（116,602）
518,557（124,153）
609,983（141,858）
674,133（134,921）
740,820（133,754）
791,249（123,711）
845,054（119,337）
888,657（122,394）
915,854（126,182）
940,427（120,801）
953,041（113,521）
984,270（114,130）
1,010,615（107,363）
1,052,832（ 99,869）*Please refer to “Statistics” (https://jprs.co.jp/en/stat/) for the latest information.
26 Registry Report

Prefecture Type
(Japanese domain name)8,452（1,915）
11,781（2,948）
11,684（3,117）
11,202（2,612）
11,419（2,524）
11,956（2,524）
11,569（1,953）

Total
953
1,341
2,206
4,781
15,47733,73958,549124,573
234,294
466,839
502,906
554,293645,197
786,124882,325
988,886
1,063,731
1,140,159
1,198,105
1,258,386
1,318,715
1,356,102
1,387,501
1,410,247
1,454,636
1,495,477
1,551,357

02・2

Breakdown of the Cumulative Number ofRegistered JP Domain Names*As of January 1, 2019
Prefecture Type
0.7%

Organizational/
Geographic Type
31.4%

CO：85.7%

General-use
67.9%

ED：1.1%
GO：0.1%
GR：1.2%
LG：0.4%
NE：2.7%
OR：7.5%
Geographic Type: 0.5%
AC：0.7%
AD：0.1%(Number of names)

JP Domain Name Types

1 Jan 2019 Number 1 Jan 2018 Number
of Registrationsof Registrations

AC: Higher education institution
AD: JPNIC Member
CO: Company
Organizational/
Geographic Type

ED: Primary school, junior andsenior high school
GO: Japanese government
GR: Group

LG: Japanese local authority
NE: Network service

OR: Corporation other than company
Geographic Type

3,643

3,603

Difference
+40

255

257

ー2

417,440404,222+13,218

5,321

5,262

+59

578

586

ー8

6,024

6,193

ー 169

1,888

1,885

+3

13,272

13,524ー 252

36,31335,112+1,201

2,222

2,262

ー40

General-use(Japanese domain name)1,052,832（99,869）

1,010,615（107,363）+42,217（ー7,494）

Prefecture Type
(Japanese domain name)11,569（1,953）

11,956（2,524）（ー571）

Total JP Domain Name Registration

1,551,357

1,495,477+55,880

ー387*Please refer to “Statistics” (https://jprs.co.jp/en/stat/) for the latest information.

Registry Report27

02 Statistical Information

02・3

Number of JP Domain Name Registrations
by Prefecture*As of January 1, 2019

Prefecture
Hokkaido
Aomori
Iwate
Miyagi
Akita
Yamagata
Fukushima
IbarakiTochigi
Gunma
Saitama
Chiba
Tokyo
Kanagawa
NiigataToyamaIshikawa
Fukui
Yamanashi
NaganoGifu
Shizuoka
Aichi
Mie
Shiga
Kyoto
Osaka
Hyogo
Nara
Wakayama
Tottori
Shimane
Okayama
Hiroshima
Yamaguchi
Tokushima
KagawaEhime
Kochi
Fukuoka
Saga
Nagasaki
Kumamoto
Oita
MiyazakiKagoshima
Okinawa
28 Registry Report

Organizational/ Geographic Type
2.8%
0.5%
0.4%
1.3%
0.4%
0.6%
0.9%
1.4%
1.0%
1.1%
4.3%
3.3%

32.6%
6.6%
1.1%
0.6%
0.7%
0.5%
0.5%
1.3%
1.2%
2.1%
5.4%
0.8%
0.6%
2.0%
9.4%
3.1%
0.6%
0.4%
0.2%
0.3%
1.1%
1.6%
0.5%
0.3%
0.5%
0.6%
0.3%
3.2%
0.3%
0.5%
0.7%
0.4%
0.4%
0.5%
0.7%

General-use

Prefecture Type
1.9%

2.3%

0.3%

0.6%

0.3%
0.8%
0.3%
0.3%
0.5%
0.9%
0.5%
0.7%
2.6%
2.3%

0.7%
0.9%
0.5%
0.4%
0.5%
0.5%
0.7%
1.6%
2.8%
2.5%

43.1%

38.4%

0.7%

0.8%

4.9%
0.4%
0.5%
0.3%
0.4%
0.8%
0.7%
1.5%
3.6%
0.5%
0.5%
3.0%

3.2%
0.7%
0.5%
0.3%
0.4%
1.2%
1.0%
1.2%
2.5%
1.0%
1.3%
6.0%

15.2%

11.1%

0.7%

1.4%

2.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.8%
1.0%
0.3%
0.2%
0.4%
0.4%
0.2%
2.5%
0.2%
0.4%
0.6%
0.4%
0.3%
0.4%
0.5%

1.6%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.6%
1.1%
0.3%
0.3%
0.4%
0.7%
0.4%
4.0%
0.4%
0.6%
0.8%
0.8%
0.3%
0.6%
1.3%

Transition of DNS Configuration Rate

02・4

*As of January 1, 2019
100

(%)

90
80
70
Organizational/Geographic Type60

General-use

Prefecture Type50

2015/1

2016/1

2017/1

2018/1

2019/1Month/Year

Organizational/Geographic Type

General-use

Prefecture Type2015/1

99.0%

96.0%

89.9%

2016/1

99.4%

96.3%

90.5%

2017/1

99.4%

96.6%

91.4%

2018/1

99.4%

96.8%

91.9%

2019/1

99.4%

96.9%

91.3%

Registry Report29

02 Statistical Information

Number of Accredited JP Registrars

02・5

Organizational/Geographic Type600

General-use

Prefecture Type

(Number of Registrars)

500
400
300
200
100
0

2001
/4

2002
/1

2003
/1

2004
/1

2005
/1

2006
/1

2007
/1

2008
/1

2009
/1

2010
/1

2011
/1

2012
/1

2013
/1

2014
/1

2015
/1

2016
/1

2017
/1

2018
/1

2019
/1

(Number of Registrars)

Month/Year

Organizational/
Geographic Type

General-use

Prefecture Type443

2001/4

Cumulative Total
443

490

490

2003/1

560

546

1,106

2004/1

557

559

1,116

2005/1

553

564

1,117

2006/1

562

576

1,138

2007/1

559

572

1,131

2008/1

557

573

1,130

2009/1

558

577

1,135

2010/1

555

577

1,132

2011/1

563

582

1,145

2012/1571

590

2013/1

566

586

197

1,161

2014/1

564

582

227

2015/1

560

577

241

2016/1

560

576

252

2017/1

554

569

252

2018/1

559

574

255

2019/1

556

571

254

2002/1

1,349
1,373
1,378
1,388
1,375
1,388
1,381

*The number of JP Registrars for the Organizational/Geographic Type JP domain names is the figure after April 2002 when management andadministration was transferred from JPNIC to JPRS.

30 Registry ReportNumber of Complaints Based on JP Domain
Name Dispute Resolution Policy (JP-DRP)

02・6

16

(Number of cases)

14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

(Number of cases)

Year

Number

2000

2

2001

11

2002

6

2003

7

2004

4

2005

11

2006

8

2007

10

2008

3

2009

9

2010

7

2011

12

2012

15

2013

10

2014

8

2015
2016
2017
2018

7
9
5
7

*For details of domain name disputes, please refer to the “Domain Name Dispute Resolution
Policy (DRP)” posted by Japan Network Information Center (https://www.nic.ad.jp/en/drp/)

Registry Report31

03 Reference

History

03・1
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004

2005

Dec.
Feb.
Apr.
May
Feb.
Apr.
Oct.
Jan.
Jun.
Jul.
Feb.
Jul.
Dec.
Jan.
Dec.

2006

Jan.
Apr.
Nov.
Dec.

2007

Jan.
Mar.

2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014

Dec.
Mar.
Jun.
Oct.
Apr.
Nov.
May
Jan.
May
Jul.
Sep.
Nov.
Mar.
Nov.
Nov.

2015

Jun.
Oct.

2016

Apr.
Jun.

2017

Sep.
Oct.

2018

Feb.
Nov.

32 Registry Report

JPRS was established.
General-use JP Domain Priority Registration Application started.
General-use JP Domain Concurrent Registration Application started.
General-use JP Domain First-Come First-Served Registration Application started.
ccTLD Sponsorship Agreement was concluded with ICANN.
Management and administration of .JP TLD was transferred from JPNIC to JPRS.
LG.JP was established.
The cumulative number of JP domain names surpassed 500,000.
JPRS received the approval from ICANN to start IDN service.
RFC-based Japanese JP Domain Name registration service started.
IP Anycast technology was introduced in JP DNS service ([a.dns.jp] [d.dns.jp]).
JP domain name started full support for IPv6, for the first time in the world as a TLD.
The portal site “Nihongo dot JP” (https://日本語.jp/) for promoting Japanese JP Domain Name
was launched.
The portal site “Jinmei Jiten dot JP” (https://人名事典.jp/) to introduce Japanese JP domain names
using personal names was launched.
“Eki Machi Guide” (https://駅街ガイド.jp/), which provides information on areas around stations using
Japanese JP domain names consisting of station names throughout Japan, started.
JPRS started operation of the M-Root DNS server in cooperation with the WIDE Project.
JPRS started deleting improper DNS server registrations.
JPRS shortened the processing time for JP DNS update.
The cumulative number of registered General-use JP domain names surpassed 500,000.
JPRS published guidelines for making URLs consisting of Japanese domain names clickablein email text.
The cumulative number of registered CO.JP domain names surpassed 300,000.
“Procedure for recovering deleted domain name registration” was introduced for General-use
JP Domain Name.
IP Anycast technology was introduced to the JP DNS service ([e.dns.jp]).
The cumulative number of registered JP domain names surpassed one million.
JPRS started the real-time application process service for CO.JP Domain Name.
The JP DNS server configuration was changed (c.dns.jp and g.dns.jp added).
JPRS announced its participation in the “BIND 10” development project.
JPRS extended the coverage of the real-time application process service.
JPRS distributed a cartoon booklet “How the Internet Works” free of charge to junior andsenior high schools across Japan.
JPRS deployed DNSSEC to the JP domain name service.
JPRS published “DNS Practices,” a book on DNS, written by JPRS engineers.
Priority Registration Application of the Prefecture Type JP Domain Name started.
Concurrent Registration Application of the Prefecture Type JP Domain Name started.
General Registration Application of the Prefecture Type JP Domain Name started.
The cumulative number of registered Prefecture Type JP domain names surpassed 10,000.
The TTL value of the DS RR for JP DNS servers was changed.
JPRS introduced Japanese characters into the Prefecture Labels of the Prefecture Type JP
Domain Name.
JPRS signed an MoU with ICANN and JPNIC on Japanese translation of ICANN materials.
JPRS started providing JP Registrars with “JP Domain Name Usage Support Program forStudents.”
JPRS Started Digital Certificates Issuance Services.
JPRS submitted a notification of its telecommunications business in response to the enactmentof the partial amendment to the Telecommunications Business Law.
The number of registered General-use JP domain names surpassed 1 million.
JPRS started accepting Concurrent Registration Applications for Japanese JP domain names
representing schools names.
JPRS published the report of joint research with 8 ISPs of the electric power corporation groupon continued use of the Internet in case of a large-scale disaster.
The cumulative number of JP domain names surpassed 1.5 million.
“Textbook to understand DNS well,” a practical guide to DNS authored by JPRS engineers,
was published.

03・2

JP Domain Name Advisory Committee

The JP Domain Name Advisory Committee was established in 2002 in order to maintain fairness and neutrality of the .JP
registry operations. The committee members from outside of JPRS with various viewpoints consider policies for JP
domain name services.
JP Domain Name Advisory Committee meetings are open to the public, and the minutes and documents are publicly
accessible on the JPRS website.

(1) Consultations and Advisories
Consultation / Advisory

Consultation Date
Document No.

Advisory Date
Document No.

Rules of JP Domain Name Advisory Committee

Dec. 6, 2017
JPRS-ADV-2017001

Dec. 11, 2018
JPRS-ADVRPT-2017001

Method for appointing members of the 10th JP
Domain Name Advisory Committee

Dec. 11, 2018
JPRS-ADV-2018001

Dec. 21, 2018
JPRS-ADVRPT-2018001*For details about consultation and advisory themes, please refer to “JP Domain Name Advisory Committee” (https://jprs.jp/advisory/) (in Japanese).

Registry Report33

03 Reference(2) Advisory Committee Meetings
May. 961st JP Domain Name Advisory Committee meeting

The committee summed up the discussion in the 60th Advisory Committee meeting about the inquiry
entitled “Rules of JP Domain Name Advisory Committee.” In addition, JPRS explained the background to
the establishment of the JP Domain Name Advisory Committee. The committee members expressed
their opinions and then agreed in principle on the specific review of the Rules of JP Domain Name
Advisory Committee.
JPRS outlined the status of .JP and other TLDs, circumstances surrounding domain names, and therecent activities of JPRS. The committee members then exchanged opinions on the matters reported in
the presentation.

Sep. 662nd JP Domain Name Advisory Committee meeting

It was reported that Mr. Eisaku Yamaji had replaced Mr. Shigeo Naito as the member representing theJapanese government in the 9th JP Domain Name Advisory Committee, following a personnel change
in the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.
The committee members reviewed and finalized the draft outline of the advisory report entitled “Rulesof JP Domain Name Advisory Committee,” which was drawn up following the discussion at the 60th
and 61st Advisory Committee meetings.

Dec. 1163rd JP Domain Name Advisory Committee meeting

The committee reviewed the draft advisory report, “Rules of JP Domain Name Advisory Committee” that
had been produced on the basis of the outline finalized at the 62nd Advisory Committee meeting. The
advisory report was confirmed and then delivered to JPRS on December 11.
The JPRS Board of Directors submitted an inquiry entitled “Method for appointing the members of the10th JP Domain Name Advisory Committee” (JPRS-ADV-2018001). The committee members expressed
their opinions on the content of the inquiry. It then agreed in principle on the method. Following the 63rd
Advisory Committee meeting, the committee reviewed the advisory report. The report was finalized on
December 21 and then was delivered to JPRS.
JPRS reported that it had started accepting applications for the General registration of the Japanese JP
domain names representing school names, which was followed by a question and answer session. In
addition, a committee member asked how JPRS was responding to domain name abuses, and thecommittee members exchanged opinions on the topic.

34 Registry Report

03・3
Date

Proposals and Presentations
Title

At

Hosted by

Feb. 6

Recent Development in International Standardization
Related to IoT (in Japanese)

ICT-ISAC IoT Security WG

ICT-ISAC

Feb. 22

ccNSO Update

APTLD Kathmandu Meeting

APTLD

Feb. 22

Dropcatching

APTLD Kathmandu Meeting

APTLD

Feb. 22

Dropcatching in JP

APTLD Kathmandu Meeting

APTLD

Mar. 14

JapaneseGP (JGP) update

ICANN61

ICANN

Mar. 14Natural Disaster: .JP's Experience and Preparation

ICANN61

ICANN

Apr. 26

ccNSO Update (in Japanese)

51st ICANN Readout Session

JPNIC

Apr. 27

IETF 101 Hot Topics and Wrap-up (in Japanese)

IETF 101 Update Meeting

ISOC-JP, JPNIC

Jun. 1

Tour de Table

CENTR Jamboree 2018

CENTR

Jun. 1

DNS and Server Certificates – What DNS Operators
Should Do Considering the Recent Relationship between
DNS and Server Certificates – (in Japanese)

Internet Week Showcase
in Hiroshima

JPNIC

Jun. 1

DNS flag day (flash report) (in Japanese)

JPNIC

Jun. 27

JPRS’s Effort to Disseminate Technical Information(in Japanese)
Key Point of Migration from BIND9.9 to 9.11
(for Authoritative DNS Servers) (in Japanese)

Internet Week Showcase
in Hiroshima
DNS Summer Day 2018

DNSOPS.JPDNS Summer Day 2018

DNSOPS.JP

Jun. 27
Aug. 15

Japan under frequent serious disasters

APrIGF

APrIGF

Aug. 15

eGovernment in Japan

APrIGF

APrIGF

Sep. 4ccNSO Update (in Japanese)

52nd ICANN Readout Session

JPNIC

Sep. 4

Root Server System Advisory Committee (RSSAC)
Update (in Japanese)

52nd ICANN Readout Session

JPNIC

Sep. 9APTLD: Hard Facts

AP* Retreat

AP*

Sep. 9A Governance Model proposed for the DNS Root Server
System

AP* Retreat

AP*

Sep. 20

Saving Registrants under Failed Registrar

APTLD Tashkent Meeting

APTLD

Sep. 21

Security Challenges experienced in Japanese IDNs

APTLD Tashkent Meeting

APTLD

Sep. 21

Preparing for Natural Disasters – background of the session –APTLD Tashkent Meeting

APTLD

Sep. 21Natural Disaster Preparedness – .JP experience and practice –APTLD Tashkent Meeting

APTLD

Oct. 13.jprs TLD activities (Tour de Table of Registry updates)

39th CENTR Technicalworkshop

CENTR

Oct. 21.jprs Activities for preparing to the Natural Disasters

ICANN63 TLD-OPS Disaster
Recovery Workshop

ccNSO TLD-OPS

Nov. 29

DNS Abuse and How DNS Operators Should Respond– Make DNS Securer by Understanding Domain
Hijacking – Lunch with DNS (in Japanese)

Internet Week 2018
Lunch Seminar

JPNIC

Nov. 29

JP DNS Update (in Japanese)

Internet Week 2018 DNS DAY

JPNICNov. 29

DNS Update – Domain Name Overview – (in Japanese)

Internet Week 2018 DNS DAY

JPNICNov. 29

DNS and Blocking – Technology behind Anti-Blocking(Technology That Allows Secrets to Leak) (in Japanese)

Internet Week 2018 DNS DAY

JPNICNov. 29

Looking Back at Root Zone KSK Rollover (in Japanese)

Internet Week 2018
DNSOPS.JP BoF

JPNIC

Registry Report35

03 Reference

Date

Title

At

Hosted by

Nov. 30

The More You Learn, the More Fun You’ll Have!
Noteworthy Sessions in IW2018 D3 DNS DAY(in Japanese)

Internet Week 2018
IP Meeting 2018

JPNIC

Dec. 6ccNSO Update (in Japanese)

53rd ICANN Readout Session

JPNIC

Dec. 14

Report on IETF 103 – DNS and Other Topics (in Japanese)

IETF 103 Update Meeting

ISOC-JP, JPNIC

36 Registry Report

03・4

Press Releases

Date

Title

Feb. 2JP Domain Name Surpassed 1.5 Million

Feb. 19

JPRS Supports “20th Japan Junior/Senior High School Web Contest” to provide
Experience of Using JP Domain Names (in Japanese)

Mar. 28

JPRS Publishes “JP Domain Name Registry Report 2017” (in Japanese)

May 15JPRS Distributes Free Graphic Comic-style Booklet on Domain Names and DNSThat Underpin the Internet to Educational Institutions across Japan (in Japanese)

Nov. 1JPRS started accepting General Registration Applications for Japanese JP domain names
representing school names (in Japanese)*Please refer to“Press Release”(https://jprs.co.jp/en/press/) for the latest releases in English.

Registry Report37

03 Reference

Provision of Technical Information
Related to DNS

03・5

As the company supporting the basis of the Internet society through DNS and striving to ensure stable operation of
the Internet, JPRS publishes technical information related to DNS such as warnings on the detection of DNS
software vulnerabilities and other relevant alerts.

*Original materials are written in Japanese.

Date

Title

Jan. 17(Urgent) Vulnerability of BIND 9.x (DNS Service Outage) (CVE-2017-3145)

Jan. 24

Vulnerability Information on Knot Resolver Posted (CVE-2018-1000002)

Jan. 24

Vulnerability Information on PowerDNS Recursor Posted (CVE-2018-1000003)

Jan. 24

Vulnerability Information on Unbound Posted (CVE-2017-15105) (Update)Mar. 22

Change of “Update-policy local” Specification in BIND 9.x and Its Effect

Apr. 25

Vulnerability Information on Knot Resolver Posted (CVE-2018-1110)

May 11

Vulnerability Information on PowerDNS Authoritative Server Posted (CVE-2018-1046)

May 21

Vulnerability of BIND 9.12.x (DNS Service Outage) (CVE-2018-5736)

May 21

Vulnerability of BIND 9.12.x (Degradation of Service and DNS Service Outage) (CVE-2018-5737)

Jun. 13

Vulnerability of BIND 9.x (Permission of Accesses Not Intended by Service Providers) (CVE-2018-5738)

Jun. 14

Vulnerability Information on Windows DNS Posted (CVE-2018-8225)

Jul.5

Vulnerability Information on Knot Resolver Posted

J u l . 12

Vulnerability Information on Windows DNS Posted (CVE-2018-8304)

J u l . 13

Troubles in Transferring Extremely Large Zone Data in BIND 9.x

Aug. 1

Vulnerability Information on NSD Posted

Aug. 6

Vulnerability Information on Knot Resolver Posted (CVE-2018-10920)

Aug. 8Vulnerability Information on Knot DNS Posted

Aug. 9Vulnerability of BIND 9.x (DNS Service Outage) (CVE-2018-5740)

Sep. 19ICANN Determined the Timeline of Rolling the Root KSK

Sep. 20

Vulnerability of BIND 9.x (Permission of Dynamic Update Not Intended by Service Providers) (CVE-2018-5741)

Oct. 4

Questions and Answers about the Root Zone KSK Rollover (Update)

Oct. 11

Vulnerability Information on Windows DNS Posted (CVE-2018-8320)

Oct. 25

Impact of the Root Zone KSK Rollover and How to Check It (Updated on October 25, 2018)

Oct. 25ICANN Announced Successful Completion of the Root KSK Rollover and the Next Steps

Nov. 8Vulnerability Information on PowerDNS Authoritative Server Posted (CVE-2018-10851, CVE-2018-14626)

Nov. 8Vulnerability Information on PowerDNS Recursor Posted (CVE-2018-10851, CVE-2018-14626, CVE-2018-14644)

Nov. 28

Vulnerability Information on PowerDNS Recursor Posted (CVE-2018-16855)

Dec. 13

Vulnerability Information on Windows DNS Server Posted (CVE-2018-8626)*For the latest information, please refer to the “Technical Information Related to DNS” (https://jprs.jp/tech/) (in Japanese).

38 Registry ReportAbout JPRSJPRS provides domain name services such as domain name management, administration anddistribution, and also performs domain name system (DNS) operations. In addition, JPRS is
engaged in research and development of various Internet technologies.

Domain Name Management and Administration
JPRS manages and administers domain names. In particular, JPRS plays an important role as the registry of JP
Domain Name, or domain names of Japan. You may have seen addresses for websites and emails such as“https://○○○.jp” and “△△△@○○○.jp. ” JPRS manages and administers a part of these addresses, namely,

strings in the form of “○○○.jp. ” Domain names are the key to accessing the Internet. JPRS is constantly improving
its services so that JP domain names will continue to assist the activities of all kinds of Internet users, including
companies, organizations, and individuals.

DNS Operation
DNS (domain name system) is a system for identifying computers connected to the Internet using domain names, so

it is sometimes referred to as the “phone book for the Internet.” If DNS were to fail, people would not be able toaccess websites or exchange emails using domain names. To prevent such a catastrophe, JPRS has established a
24/7 system to ensure stable operation of the “JP DNS” for managing JP domain names.

R&D of Internet Technologies and International Activities to Support the Internet
JPRS takes an active part in the research and development of advanced technologies to promptly respond tochanges in the Internet environment and social needs. Specifically, JPRS engages in standardization activities
through contributing to the internationalization of the identifiers used for protocols, devising methods for resolving

issues concerning DNS operations and submitting proposals to standardize registry technologies. JPRS actively
publishes the results of these activities and shares information at IETF and other meetings to contribute to the
network society.

Registry Report39

Published: 20 June 2019
Note: This English translation is provided for informational purposes only. For

accuracy, please refer to the Japanese version. Copyright © 2019 Japan Registry
Services Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. JPRS, Japan Registry Services and othertrademarks, service marks and designs are registered or unregistered trademarks ofJapan Registry Services Co., Ltd. in Japan and other countries. All other trademarks
not owned by Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd. that appear in this report are theproperty of their respective owners.

JPドメイン名レジストリレポート 2017https://jprs.co.jp/en/