JAITS䠘◊✲䝜䞊䝖䠚䢢
1ゼ᪥እᅜே᪑⾜⪅ᑐᛂ僔⮬ື㏻ヂ儙兠儷儝僎㐲㝸㏻ヂ儙兠儷儝僔⌧≧䢢࣐ࢵࢣࣝࣅ࣮㯞⾰Ꮚ㸦❧ᩍ኱Ꮫ㸧
With the rapid increase in tourists from abroad visiting Japan in recent years and the 2020
Olympics and Paralympics on the horizon, both public and private sectors are making efforts toprovide multilingual information and services. As a means to bridge the communication gap
between these visitors from abroad and their welcoming counterparts in Japan, two methods ofproviding interpretation, namely automatic interpreting and remote interpreting, are being tested
and implemented at various locations, from hotels to shopping centers to train stations. This
article introduces some of the automatic interpreting and remote interpreting services—
specifically automatic interpreting applications and multilingual remote interpreting call center
services—that are currently available for use, examines their characteristics, and discusses theiradvantages as well as necessary steps to improve and ensure their quality of interpretation.
1. ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
 ㏆ᖺࡢゼ᪥እᅜே᪑⾜⪅ࡢᛴቑࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ 2020 ᖺࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࢆ
ぢᤣ࠼࡚ࠊ⾜ᨻ࡜Ẹ㛫ࡢ཮᪉࡛ࠊእᅜே᪑⾜⪅࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢከゝㄒ໬ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀ
ຍ㏿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ2013 ᖺ࡟㛶㆟Ỵᐃࡉࢀࡓࠕ᪥ᮏ෌⯆ᡓ␎࡛ࠖࡣࠊࠕ2030 ᖺࡲ࡛࡟㸦ゼ᪥እᅜே᪑⾜⪅ᩘ㸧3000 ୓㉸ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠖࡇ࡜ࡀ┠ᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚ᥖࡆࡽࢀ㸦ෆ㛶ᗓ, 2013㸧ࠊ2015ᖺୖ༙ᮇࡢゼ᪥እᅜே᪑⾜⪅ᩘࡣ 914 ୓ேࢆグ㘓ࡋࠊ๓ᖺྠᮇẚ࡛ 288 ୓ேవࡾቑຍࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿ㸦᪥ᮏᨻᗓほගᒁ, 2015㸧ࠋከゝㄒ໬ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ᱌ෆ⾲♧࡞࡝ࡢከゝㄒ⾲グࠊ⣬፹య࣭㟁Ꮚ፹య࡟࠾ࡅࡿከゝㄒ࡛ࡢ᝟ሗᥦ౪ࠊ㏻ヂ࣭ほග࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔ࡢເ㞟࡜⫱ᡂ࡞࡝ࡶಁ㐍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㣧㣗᪋タ࣭ၟᴗ᪋タ࣭ᐟἩ᪋タ࣭஺㏻ᶵ㛵࡞࡝࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࢆヰࡏ࡞࠸እᅜே᪑⾜⪅ࡀゼࢀࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊእᅜㄒࢆヰࡏ࡞࠸᪥ᮏேࡀᑐᛂࡋ
࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ሙ㠃ࡶฟ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓண

୙ྍ⬟࡞ࢽ࣮ࢬ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ

⮬ື㏻ヂ࡜㐲㝸㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ᳨ウ࡜ᑟධࡀጞࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊ⮬ື㏻ヂ࡜㐲㝸㏻ヂ࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲ࢆ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡗࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊ⌧ᅾ᪥ᮏ࡛฼
⏝ྍ⬟࡞⮬ື㏻ヂ࡜㐲㝸㏻ヂࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ≉ᚩ

MCKELVEY Maiko, “Automatic interpreting and remote interpreting services for visitors to Japan,”Interpreting and Translation Studies, No.15, 2015. Pages 187-208. © by the Japan Association forInterpreting and Translation Studies187ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘15 ྕ㸦2015㸧ࢆὙ࠸ฟࡋࠊ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡸࠊヂฟࡢရ㉁ྥୖ࣭ಖド࡬ࡢㄢ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌࡿࠋ ࡞࠾ࠊ⮬ື㏻ヂ㸦automatic interpreting㸧࡜ࡣࠊ㏻ヂ⾜Ⅽࢆ᏶඲࡟ᶵᲔ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㡢ኌ⩻ヂ㸦speech-to-speech translation㸧࡜ࡶ࿧ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㐲㝸㏻ヂ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᚋ㏙ࡢ㏻ࡾࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᐃ⩏ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡀࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊⓎヰ⪅࡜ࡣ≀⌮ⓗ࡟␗࡞ࡿሙᡤ࡟࠸ࡿ㏻ヂ⪅ࡀࠊ㏻ಙᡭẁࢆ౑ࡗ࡚㏻ヂࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦࡍࠋᡭヰゝㄒࡢ㐲
㝸㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿࡀࠊ㡢ኌゝㄒࡢ㏻ヂࡢࡳࢆᮏ◊✲ࡢᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
2. ඛ⾜◊✲ ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊࡲࡎ㏻ヂ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿᢏ⾡඲⯡࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄽ⪃ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊࡑࡢᚋ࡟⮬ື㏻
ヂ࡜㐲㝸㏻ヂࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ◊✲ࢆูࠎ࡟᣺ࡾ㏉ࡿࠋ
2.1 ㏻ヂ㛵㐃ᢏ⾡࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄽ⪃ ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿᢏ⾡඲⯡࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄽ⪃ࡣࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋO’Hagan (1996)ࡣࠊ᪩ࡃ࠿ࡽ᝟ሗ㏻ಙᢏ⾡ࡢⓎ㐩࡟ࡼࡿ⮬ື㏻ヂࡢᐇ⌧ࡸ㐲㝸㏻ヂࡢᬑཬࢆணぢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊO’Hagan & Ashworth (2002) ࡸࠊCronin (2013) ࡣࠊࡑࡢண

ࡀ⌧ᐇࡢࡶࡢ࡜

࡞ࡾࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡸ⩻ヂ⪅࡟ࡶከ኱࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊOlsen (2012) ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㏻ヂ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿᢏ⾡ࢆ୕✀㢮࡟ศࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
a. ㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆᒆࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢᢏ⾡b. ㏻ヂࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢᢏ⾡c. ே㛫ࡢ㏻ヂ⪅ࢆ᏶඲࡟⨨ࡁ᥮࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟タィࡉࢀࡓᢏ⾡ 1
 ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓほⅬ࠿ࡽ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊ㐲㝸㏻ヂ࡜ࡣࠊ㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆᒆࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢᢏ⾡࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐇ⌧ࡉࢀࡓ㏻ヂᙧែ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⮬ື㏻ヂ࡜ࡣࡲࡉ࡟ࠊே㛫ࡢ㏻ヂ⪅ࢆ᏶඲࡟⨨ࡁ᥮࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟タィࡉࢀࡓᢏ⾡࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
2.2 ⮬ື㏻ヂ࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲ ⮬ື㏻ヂࡣࠊ୺࡟᝟ሗ⛉Ꮫࡢ୍ศ㔝࡛࠶ࡿ⮬↛ゝㄒฎ⌮㸦natural language processingࠊ
NLP㸧ศ㔝࡛◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ⮬ື㏻ヂࡢᐇ⌧࡟ࡣࠊ㡢ኌㄆ㆑ࠊᶵᲔ⩻ヂ࠾ࡼࡧ㡢ኌྜ
ᡂࡢ 3 ࡘࡢᢏ⾡ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⌧ᅾࠊ㡢ኌㄆ㆑ࡣከࡃࡢࢫ࣐࣮ࢺࣇ࢛ࣥ࡟ᶆ‽ᦚ㍕ࡉࢀ
ࡿ࡯࡝ᬑཬࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㡢ኌྜᡂࡶ᪥ᖖࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ሙ㠃࡛᥋ࡍࡿ㸦ᯇཎ, 2012㸧ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ≉࡟㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࡜㛵㐃ࡢ῝࠸ࠊᶵᲔ⩻ヂࡢ◊✲ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟᣺ࡾ㏉ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ㏆ᖺὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠊᶵᲔ⩻ヂࢆᐇ⏝໬ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⩻ヂ⪅࡟ࡼࡿ๓⦅㞟㸦pre-edit㸧࡜ᚋ⦅㞟
㸦post-edit㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ༶᫬ᛶࡀせồࡉࢀࡿ⮬ື㏻ヂ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㐺⏝࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊᮏ
✏࡛ࡣྲྀࡾᢅࢃ࡞࠸ࠋ

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ゼ᪥እᅜே᪑⾜⪅ᑐᛂࡢ⮬ື㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡜㐲㝸㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ⌧≧ ⮬↛ゝㄒฎ⌮ศ㔝࡛ࡣࠊᶵᲔ⩻ヂ࡟ࡣ኱ࡁࡃศࡅ࡚ࠊつ๎࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᡭἲ࡜ࠊࢹ࣮ࢱ
㸦ࢥ࣮ࣃࢫ㸧࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᡭἲࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᚋ⪅ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᡭἲࡣࠊ
⏝౛࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ⩻ヂ࡜⤫ィ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ⩻ヂࡢ 2 ✀㢮ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㝮⏣, 2009; Ώ㎶࡯࠿, 2014㸧ࠋa. つ๎࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᡭἲ
a.1 つ๎࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ⩻ヂ㸦rule-based machine translationࠊRBMTࠊ▱㆑࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᶵᲔ⩻ヂࠊknowledge-based machine translationࠊKBMT ࡜ࡶ㸧㸸ᵓᩥኚ᥮ࡢつ๎࡜ᑐヂ㎡᭩
ࢆ౑ࡗࡓ⩻ヂ᪉ᘧb. ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᡭἲ
b.1 ⏝౛࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ⩻ヂ㸦example-based machine translationࠊEBMT㸧㸸 㢮ఝࡋࡓᑐヂ౛ࢆ⦅㞟ࡋ࡚⩻ヂࡍࡿ᪉ᘧb.2 ⤫ィ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ⩻ヂ㸦statistical machine translationࠊSMT㸧㸸ᑐヂࢥ࣮ࣃࢫ࠿ࡽ 2ゝㄒ㛫ࡢᑐᛂ㛵ಀࢆࣔࢹࣝ໬ࡋࡓ⩻ヂࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࠊ┠ᶆゝㄒࡽࡋࡉࢆࣔࢹࣝ໬ࡋࡓゝㄒࣔࢹࣝࢆᑟࡁฟࡋࠊࡇࡢ 2 ࡘࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ☜⋡ࡀ᭱኱໬࡜࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟⩻ヂࡍࡿ᪉ᘧ ㏻ヂ⩻ヂศ㔝࡛ࡣࠊRBMT ࡜ SMT ࡢ 2 ✀㢮࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከࡃࠊEBMT ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ゝཬࡉࢀ࡞࠸㸦SDL Language Technologies, n.d.㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊ⮬↛ゝㄒฎ⌮ศ㔝࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊᑗ᮶ⓗ࡟ EBMT ࡜ SMT ࡀ⤫ྜࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㯮ᶫ,
2009㸧ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡶつ๎࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡿ RBMT ࡜ࠊࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᡭἲ࡛
࠶ࡿ EBMT ࡜ SMT ࡢ 2 ࡘ࡟ศࡅ࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ RBMT ࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨࡣ 1950 ᖺ௦ࡼࡾᮏ᱁ⓗ࡟ጞࡲࡾࠊ⌧ᅾࡶᗈࡃά⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㝮⏣,
2009㸧ࠋRBMT ࡢ㛗ᡤࡣࠊつ๎ࡀ㐺⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ୍㈏ࡋࡓヂฟࡢ
ရ㉁ࢆಖ࡚ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡲࡓᑐ㇟ศ㔝࡟≉໬ࡋࡓ㎡᭩ࡀ฼⏝࡛ࡁࢀࡤࠊⓗ☜࡞ヂㄒࢆヂฟ࡟཯࡛ᫎࡁࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸦SDL Language Technologies, ibid.㸧ࠋ୍᪉ࠊ▷ᡤ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊつ๎࠿ࡽእࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢸࢡࢫࢺࡸࠊ࠶࠸ࡲ࠸࡞ࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡟ࡣᑐᛂ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜㸦Costa-jussa et al.
2013㸧ࠊヂฟࡀ┤ヂㄪ࡛ࡂࡇࡕ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜㸦Ώ㎶࡯࠿, 2014㸧ࠊேᡭ࡛ᵓᩥつ๎ࢆᐃ⩏ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ⠏࡟᫬㛫࡜ࢥࢫࢺࡀ࠿࠿ࡾࠊ࣓ࣥࢸࢼࣥࢫࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࠊゝㄒ࡟౫Ꮡࡍࡿࡓࡵከゝㄒᒎ㛤ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜㸦Costa-Jussa et al., 2012㸧࡞࡝ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ ୍᪉࡛ࠊEBMT ࡜ SMT ࡣࠊࣁ࣮ࢻ࢙࢘࢔ࡢ㐍໬࡜ᑐヂࢥ࣮ࣃࢫࡢᩚഛ࡟కࡗ࡚◊✲㛤Ⓨࡀᛴ㏿࡟㐍ᒎࡋࡓ㸦㝮⏣, 2009㸧ࠋ㛗ᡤ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊධຊࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡜ఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࢸࢡࢫࢺ
ࡀࢥ࣮ࣃࢫ࡟ከࡃྵࡲࢀࡿሙྜ࡟ヂฟࡢရ㉁ࡀ㧗ࡲࡿࡇ࡜㸦Ώ㎶࡯࠿, 2014㸧ࠊゝㄒࣔࢹࣝࡢ౑⏝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ヂฟࡢ⾲⌧ࡀࡼࡾ⮬↛࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜㸦Costa-jussa et al., 2013㸧ࠊᑐヂࢥ࣮ࣃࢫࡀᩚഛࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ▷ᮇ㛫࡟పࢥࢫࢺ࡛ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᵓ⠏࡛ࡁ࣓ࣥࢸࢼࣥࢫࡀ⡆༢࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊゝㄒ࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡞࠸ࡓࡵከゝㄒᒎ㛤ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜㸦Costa-jussa et al., 2012㸧ࠊ࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊ▷ᡤ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᑐヂࢥ࣮ࣃࢫࡀᑡ࡞࠸ゝㄒ࡟ࡣᑐᛂ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࠊ

189

ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘15 ྕ㸦2015㸧ᩥἲࡀ኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿゝㄒྠኈ࡛ࡣヂฟࡢရ㉁ࡀⴠࡕࡿࡇ࡜㸦Costa-Jussa et al., ibid.㸧࡞࡝ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢᡭἲࡣࠊ஫࠸࡟⿵᏶ࡋ࠶࠺ࡼ࠺࡞≉ᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ㏆ᖺࠊ⮬↛ゝㄒฎ⌮ศ㔝࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊୖグࡢᡭἲࡢ㛗ᡤࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓࣁ࢖ࣈࣜࢵࢻࢩࢫࢸ࣒㸦hybrid
machine translationࠊHMT㸧ࢆᶍ⣴ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡀከ࠸㸦Costa-Jussa & Fonollosa, 2015㸧ࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࡸࡣࡾࠊᑐ㇟ࡢゝㄒ࣭ศ㔝࣭ཎᩥࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ≉ᚩ࣭ᑐヂࢥ࣮ࣃࢫࡢ㔞࡜㉁࡞࡝࡟ࡼ
ࡗ࡚ࠊヂฟࡢရ㉁ࡀ኱ࡁࡃᕥྑࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ࡝ࡢ᪉ᘧ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡣ୍ࡘࡢゝㄒ࠿ࡽูࡢゝㄒ࡬ࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆ⨨ࡁ᥮࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡟㐣ࡂࡎࠊே㛫ࡢ㏻ヂ⪅࣭⩻ヂ⪅࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ࢥࣥࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢព࿡ࡸពᅗࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸㸦O’Hagan, 1996㸧ࠋGoogle ♫࡜࢝ࢼࢲࡢࣔࣥࢺ࣮ࣜ࢜ࣝ኱Ꮫࡀࠊࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢព࿡ࢆᢳ㇟໬ࡋ࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿࢹ࢕࣮ࣉ࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ࡜
࠸࠺᪂ࡋ࠸ᢏ⾡ࡢ◊✲ࢆጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊᶵᲔ⩻ヂ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ◊✲㛤Ⓨࡣࡲࡔࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ
࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᑠᯘ, 2015㸧ࠋ
2.3 㐲㝸㏻ヂ࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲ 㐲㝸㏻ヂࡣࠊ㏻ಙᢏ⾡ࡢ㐍Ṍ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᙧែࡀᐇ⌧ࡉࢀࠊ౑⏝ࡉࢀࡿሙ㠃ࡶከᵝ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ㐲㝸㏻ヂ࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ◊✲⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠕ㐲㝸㏻ヂࠖ࡜࠸࠺⏝ㄒࡢᐃ⩏ࡀ␗࡞ࡾࠊ◊✲⤖ᯝࡀ⌧ᅾࡢ≧ἣ࡟ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ሙྜ
ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⫼ᬒࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡘࡘࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ࠕ㐲㝸㏻ヂࠖࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࠿ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊᾏእ࡜᪥ᮏ࡛ࡢ㐲㝸㏻ヂࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿ㹿
2.3.1 㐲㝸㏻ヂࡢᐃ⩏ 㐲㝸㏻ヂ㸦remote interpreting, RI㸧࡜࠸࠺⏝ㄒࡣࠊⓎヰ⪅࡜㏻ヂ⪅඲ဨࡀ୍ࡘࡢሙᡤ࡟
㞟ࡲࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸≧ἣ࡛ࠊ㏻ಙᢏ⾡ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ㏻ヂࢆᣦࡍࡓࡵ࡟౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ
ࡑࡢලయⓗ࡞ᐃ⩏࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ◊✲⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿࠋࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜ࡣࠊ㡢ኌࡢࡳࡀఏ㐩ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊࠕ㟁ヰ㏻ヂࠖ࡜࠸࠺⏝ㄒࡀᗈࡃ౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ㏆ᖺ㏻ಙᢏ⾡ࡢ㐍Ṍ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏬ീࡢఏ㐩ࡶక࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀቑ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࡓࡵࠊࠕ㐲㝸㏻ヂࠖ࡜࠸࠺⏝ㄒࡀ౑ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ᩥ⊩ࢆ㐳ࡗ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊO’Hagan & Ashworth (2002) ࡣࠊ㐲㝸㏻ヂ࡜ࡣఱ࠿࡜࠸࠺ᐃ⩏ࢆ᫂☜࡟ᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊ㐲㝸㏻ヂ࡟࠾ࡅࡿⓎヰ⪅࡜㏻ヂ⪅ࡢ≀⌮ⓗ࡞㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸
࡚ࠊ(1) Ⓨヰ⪅ࡣྠࡌሙᡤ࡟࠸࡚ࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡀ㏻ಙᢏ⾡࡛ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ(2) Ⓨヰ⪅ྠኈࡀูࠎࡢሙᡤ࡟࠸࡚ࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡣ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿࡜ྠࡌሙᡤ࡟࠸ࡿࠊ(3) Ⓨヰ⪅࡜㏻ヂ⪅඲ဨࡀูࠎࡢሙᡤ࡟࠸ࡿࠊࡢ 3 ࡘࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᨺ㏦㏻ヂࡶ㐲㝸㏻ヂࡢ୍✀࡜ࡳ࡞ࡍ࡞࡝ࠊ࠿
࡞ࡾᗈ⠊ᅖࡢ஦㇟ࢆ㐲㝸㏻ヂ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ୍᪉࡛ࠊEU ࡞࡝ࡢᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㐲㝸㏻ヂࢆ◊✲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ Mouzourakis㸦2006㸧ࡣࠊ
㐲㝸㏻ヂ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࠕⓎヰ⪅ࡀ┤᥋ぢ࠼࡞࠸ࠊⓎヰ⪅ࡀ㞟ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ఍㆟ᐊ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ
ሙᡤ࠿ࡽ㏻ヂࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠖ࡜⊃⩏ࡢᐃ⩏ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ๓㏙ࡢ O’Hagan & Ashworth190ゼ᪥እᅜே᪑⾜⪅ᑐᛂࡢ⮬ື㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡜㐲㝸㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ⌧≧㸦ibid.㸧࡜␗࡞ࡿⅬࡣࠊⓎヰ⪅ྠኈࡀูࠎࡢሙᡤ࡟࠸࡚ࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡣ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿࡜ྠࡌሙᡤ࡟
࠸ࡿሙྜࡣ videoconferencing㸦ࣅࢹ࢜఍㆟㏻ヂ㸧ࠊ1 ᑐ 1 ࡢᑐヰࢆ㐲㝸࠿ࡽ㏻ヂࡍࡿሙྜࡣࠊ୺࡟ᡭヰ㏻ヂ࡛౑ࢃࢀࡿ video remote interpreting 㸦㐲㝸ࣅࢹ࢜㏻ヂ㸧2 ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ㐲㝸 ㏻ ヂ ࠖ ࡢ ᑐ ㇟ ࠿ ࡽ እ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ࡇ ࢀ ࡣ AIIC ࡀ ᥦ ♧ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ remote
conferencing ࡢᐃ⩏࡜㢮ఝࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦AIIC Technical Committee, 2000㸧ࠊᅜ㝿఍㆟࡟࠾ࡅࡿ౑⏝ࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ἲᘐ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㐲㝸㏻ヂࡢ◊✲ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㸦AVIDICUS㸧ࢆ⋡࠸࡚࠸ࡿ Braun (2015)ࡶࠊ
㐲㝸㏻ヂ࡜ࡣࠊ㏻ಙᢏ⾡ࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ࠊ୍ࡘࡢሙᡤ࡟㞟ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿⓎヰ⪅࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ␗࡞ࡿ
ሙᡤ࡟࠸ࡿ㏻ヂ⪅ࡀ㏻ヂࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ᐃ⩏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊAVIDICUS ࡢ࢙࢘ࣈࢧ࢖ࢺ࡛ࡣࠊⓎヰ⪅ྠኈࡀ␗࡞ࡿሙᡤ࡟࠸࡚ࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡀࡑࡢ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿࡜ࡶ␗࡞ࡿሙᡤ࡟
࠸ࡿሙྜࡣࠊteleconference interpreting + remote interpreting ࡜グ㍕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦What is Video
Conference Interpreting?, n.d.㸧࡞࡝ࠊྠ୍ࡢ◊✲⪅ࡀ౑࠺ᐃ⩏࡛ࡉ࠼ὶືⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
࠺࠿ࡀ࠼ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ◊✲⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐃ⩏ࡀ኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡾࠊࡲࡓྠ୍ࡢ◊✲⪅ࡀ౑࠺ᐃ⩏࡛ࡉ࠼ὶືⓗ࡛࠶ࡿཎᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᅜ㝿఍㆟࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㐲㝸㏻ヂᑟධࡢヨࡳ࡜ࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕
㏻ヂ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㐲㝸㏻ヂࡢ౑⏝ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣᡭヰ㏻ヂ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㐲㝸㏻ヂࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢⓎ㐩࡞࡝ࠊ
㏻ಙᢏ⾡ࡢྥୖ࡟కࡗ࡚ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ሙ㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚㐲㝸㏻ヂࡀᬑཬࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⫼ᬒ࡟࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ࡔࠋࡇࡇ࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓᐃ⩏ࡣࠊ㏻ヂ⪅࡜Ⓨヰ⪅ࡢ≀⌮ⓗ࡞㛵ಀࢆつᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ௚࡟ࡶ㐲㝸㏻ヂࡀ౑⏝ࡉࢀࡿሙ㠃ࠊඹ᭷ࡉࢀࡿ㡢ኌ࠾ࡼࡧᫎീࡢෆᐜ࡜㏻ಙရ㉁ࠊ
㏻ヂ᪉ᘧ㸦ྠ᫬㏻ヂ࣭㏲ḟ㏻ヂ㸧࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞㐲㝸㏻ヂࡢࢣ࣮ࢫࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀᾋ࠿ࡧୖࡀࡿࠋ
2.3.2 ᾏእ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㐲㝸㏻ヂࡢඛ⾜◊✲ ᾏእ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㐲㝸㏻ヂࡢ◊✲ࡣࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕㏻ヂ࡜ᅜ㝿఍㆟㏻ヂࡢศ㔝ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ㐲㝸㏻ヂ⮬యࡣࣅࢪࢿࢫࡢሙ㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶά⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᩥ⊩ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ
 㐲㝸㏻ヂࡀึࡵ࡚ᑟධࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕㏻ヂ࡟࠾࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡾ㸦Kelly, 2008㸧ࠊ⌧ᅾࡶ་⒪࣭ྖἲ࣭ᩍ⫱࡞࡝ࠊᆅᇦ♫఍࡛ࡢ฼⏝ࡣከ࠸㸦Braun, 2015㸧ࠋࡇࡢ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᑐᛂࡀᚲせ࡞ᩘከࡃࡢゝㄒ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ㉁ࡢ㧗࠸㏻ヂ⪅ࢆᖖ໅ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࠊࡲࡓࠊ㐲㝸ᆅ࡛✺Ⓨⓗ࡟Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿࢽ࣮ࢬ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ㉁ࡢ㧗࠸㏻ヂ⪅ࢆࡓࡔࡕ࡟ὴ
㐵ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࠊ࡞࡝ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕㏻ヂࡢ㡿ᇦࡢ୰࡛ࡶࠊ≉࡟
་⒪࡜ྖἲ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ◊✲ࡀ┠❧ࡘࠋ ་⒪࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㐲㝸㏻ヂࡢ◊✲ࡣࠊ་Ꮫ⣔ࡢ◊✲⪅࡟ࡼࡿ◊✲ࡀከ࠸ࡼ࠺ࡔࠋᝈ⪅࣭་⒪ᚑ஦⪅࣭㏻ヂ⪅ࡢ㐲㝸㏻ヂ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ୺ほⓗ࡞ホ౯࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡀ኱༙ࢆ༨ࡵࡿࡀࠊ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢ◊✲࠿ࡽࡣࠊ㐲㝸㏻ヂࡢㄢ㢟ࡀᾋ࠿ࡧୖࡀࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊWofford et al. (2012)ࡢࣅ
ࢹ࢜㏻ヂ࡜㏻ᖖࡢᑐ㠃ᘧࡢ㏻ヂࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊᝈ⪅࡜་⒪ᚑ஦⪅࡜ࡶ࡟ࣅࢹ࢜㏻
ヂࡢ‶㊊ᗘࡣ㧗࠿ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊ㏻ヂ⪅࡜ᝈ⪅㛫ࡢಙ㢗㛵ಀᵓ⠏࡟㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟ࡸࠊࣔࢽࢱ

191

ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘15 ྕ㸦2015㸧࣮ࡢ఩⨨ࡸ࿘㎶㡢ࡢ㐽ⶸ࡞࡝ࡢᢏ⾡ⓗ࡞ၥ㢟ࠊ➨୕⪅ࡀ┐ࡳ⪺ࡁࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ࠸࠿࡟ಖドࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࣉࣛ࢖ࣂࢩ࣮ࡢၥ㢟 3 ࡞࡝ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊPrice (2012)ࡢ㏻ヂ⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊᑐ㠃ࠊ㟁ヰࠊࣅࢹ࢜ࡢ 3 ᪉ᘧ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ‶㊊ᗘࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓ࡜
ࡇࢁࠊ᝟ሗࢆఏ㐩ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࡛ࡣ 3 ᪉ᘧ࡜ࡶྠ➼ࡢ‶㊊ᗘࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊᑐ
㠃ᙧᘧࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ࣏࣮ࣛࣝ㸦ඹឤⓗ㛵ಀ㸧ࢆ⠏ࡁࡸࡍࡃࠊ་⒪ᚑ஦⪅࡟ᝈ⪅ࡢ♫఍ⓗ࠾ࡼࡧᩥ໬ⓗ࡞⫼ᬒࢆ⌮ゎࡉࡏࡸࡍ࠸࡜ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀฟࡓࠋࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ሙ㠃࡟࠾ࡅࡿྛ᪉ᘧࡢ౑⏝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊཷ௜ࡸᐃᮇⓗ࡞⾑ᾮ᳨ᰝ࡞࡝ࡢ஦ົⓗ࡞ሙ㠃࡛ࡣࠊ㟁ヰ
㏻ヂ࣭ࣅࢹ࢜㏻ヂ࡛ࡶ㐺ษ࡟ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ከࡃࡢ㏻ヂ⪅ࡀ⟅࠼ࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ⌮Ꮫ⒪ἲ࣭సᴗ⒪ἲࡸᐙ᪘㠃ㄯ࡞࡝ࡢᩍ⫱ⓗ࣭ឤ᝟ⓗ࡞せ⣲ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ሙ㠃࡛ࡣࠊ࡝ࡕࡽࡶ࠶ࡲ
ࡾ㐺ษ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜ࡢ⟅࠼ࡀከ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ ୍᪉࡛ࠊྖἲ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㏻ヂ⪅࣭㏻ヂ◊✲⪅࡟ࡼࡿ◊✲ࡀ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿Ꮡᅾࡋࠊࡑࡇ࡛
ࡶ㐲㝸㏻ヂࡢㄢ㢟ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ౛࠼ࡤࠊ⡿ᅜ㐃㑥⿢ุᡤࡢ㟁ヰ㏻ヂࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀ❧ࡕ ୖ ࡀ ࡗ ࡓ ᙜ ึ ࡟ ࠊ ඲ ⡿ ྖ ἲ ㏻ ヂ ⪅ ࣭ ⩻ ヂ ⪅ ༠ ఍ 㸦 National Association of JudiciaryInterpreters and TranslatorsࠊNAJIT㸧ࡀฟࡋࡓㄽ⪃ࡢ୰࡛ࡣࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡀྖἲᡭ⥆ࡁࡸ㐲㝸
㏻ヂタഛ࡟㛵ࡍࡿカ⦎ࢆཷࡅࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡑࡋ࡚஦๓‽ഛࡀ≉࡟㔜せ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀ୺ᙇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Mintz, 1998㸧ࠋᙜ᫬ࡣࠊ┠どࡢᚲせᛶࡸ㏻ಙရ㉁ࡢᝏࡉ࠿ࡽࠊἲᘐ
࡛ࡣ౑࠺࡭ࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ពぢࡶ࠶ࡗࡓ㸦Vidal, 1998㸧ࡀࠊ▷ࡃ⡆༢࡞ᑂ㆟࡛ࠊෆᐜࡀ஦ົⓗ࡛ணྍ⬟ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ⱥㄒ࠿ࡽ௚ࡢゝㄒ࡬ࡢྠ᫬㏻ヂ࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ᭱㐺

࡞㏻ಙ⎔ቃ࡜࿘ᅖࡢ༠ຊࡀᚓࡽࢀࢀࡤࠊ㐲㝸㏻ヂ࡛༑ศ࡟ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡢ
ぢゎࡶ࠶ࡗࡓ㸦Mintz, 1998㸧ࠋྠ᫬ᮇࡢ Wadensjo (1999)ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ㆙ᐹ࡟ࡼࡿ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾㄪᰝࡢᑐ㠃㏻ヂ࡜㟁ヰ㏻ヂࢆศᯒࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊᑐ㠃㏻ヂࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ㟁ヰ㏻ヂࡼࡾࡶࢱ࣮ࣥ
ࢸ࢖࢟ࣥࢢࡀࢫ࣒࣮ࢬ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡣ㏻ヂࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᑐヰࢆㄪᩚࡍࡿᙺ๭ࡶᢸࡗ
࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ2008 ᖺ࠿ࡽḢᕞ࡛㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ADIVICUS ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ 4 ࡛ࡣࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾㄪᰝ࡛ࠊ㐲㝸㏻ヂ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⮬ศࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮
࣐ࣥࢫ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ‶㊊ᗘࢆ⪺࠸ࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ⌮ゎࠊ┠ᶆࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ⏕ᡂࠊ௚ࡢཧຍ⪅࡜ࡢ࣏࣮ࣛࣝᙧᡂࡢ 3 Ⅼࡍ࡭࡚࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ70%ࡀᑐ㠃㏻ヂ࡜ẚ࡭࡚ࠕ࠿࡞ࡾຎ
ࡿࠖࠊࡲࡓࡣࠕຎࡿࠖ࡜⟅࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊከࡃࡢ㏻ヂ⪅ࡀࠊ㐲㝸㏻ヂࡣᑐ㠃㏻ヂ࡜ẚ࡭࡚ࠊࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡢపୗࠊᏙ❧ឤࠊࢫࢺࣞࢫࠊ⑂ປࢆឤࡌࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ
࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㆙ᐹ࡟ࡼࡿྲྀࡾㄪ࡭ࢆ෌⌧ࡋࡓᐇ㦂࡛ࡣࠊᑐ㠃㏻ヂ࡜㐲㝸㏻ヂࡢ᭩ࡁ㉳ࡇࡋࡀẚ㍑ࡉࢀࠊ㐲㝸㏻ヂࡢ࡯࠺ࡀヂ₃ࢀࠊෆᐜࡢ௜ຍࠊㄗヂࠊㄒᙡ࣭⏝ㄒࡢၥ㢟ࠊࣃࣛゝㄒⓗၥ㢟ࠊࢱ࣮ࣥࢸ࢖࢟ࣥࢢࡢၥ㢟ࡀከ࠸࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡶฟ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Braun & Taylor, 2011㸧ࠋ ᅜ㝿఍㆟࡛ࡢ㐲㝸㏻ヂࡢ฼⏝ࡣࠊ୺࡟㏻ヂ⪅ࡢ⛣ື࡟࠿࠿ࡿࢥࢫࢺࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ゝㄒࡢ㏻ヂᡭ㓄ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ከゝㄒ࣭ከᅜ⡠఍㆟࡟ᚲせ࡞㏻ヂ⪅ࢆ㓄⨨ࡍࡿ≀⌮ⓗ࡞ሙᡤࡢไ㝈࡞࡝ࡢၥ㢟ࢆゎᾘࡍࡿᡭ❧࡚࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦Mouzourakis, 2006㸧ࠋ2001ᖺ࡟ᅜ㐃࡛ሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡓᐇ㦂࡛ࡣࠊࢥࢫࢺ࡜ᢏ⾡ࡢၥ㢟ࡢ࡯࠿࡟ࠊ㐲㝸㏻ヂ࡛ࠕࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ
ࡢရ㉁ࠖࢆಖࡘ࡟ࡣࡼࡾከࡃࡢ㌟యⓗ࠾ࡼࡧ⢭⚄ⓗ㈇ᢸࢆせࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ᮲௳ୗ
࡛ࡣࠊ㏻ᖖࡼࡾࡶ▷࠸᫬㛫ࡋ࠿㏻ヂ⪅ࡣ✌ື࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࠊ࡞࡝ࡢㄢ㢟ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡓ

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ゼ᪥እᅜே᪑⾜⪅ᑐᛂࡢ⮬ື㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡜㐲㝸㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ⌧≧㸦United Nations, 2001㸧ࠋᅜ㝿㟁Ẽ㏻ಙ㐃ྜ࡜ࢪࣗࢿ࣮ࣈ኱Ꮫ⩻ヂ㏻ヂᏛ㒊ࡢඹྠ◊✲࡛ࡶࠊ㐲㝸㏻ヂࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ㏻ヂ⪅ࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫ࡜⑂ປᗘྜ࠸ࡀ኱ࡁࡃࠊ㏻ヂࡢရ㉁ࡀ᪩ࡃⴠࡕ
ࡸࡍ࠸࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀฟ࡚࠸ࡿ 5㸦Moser-Mercer, 2003㸧ࠋ
2.3.3 ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㐲㝸㏻ヂࡢ◊✲ ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㐲㝸㏻ヂࡢ◊✲ࡣࠊᡭヰࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀከ࠸ࡀࠊ㡢ኌゝㄒ࡟࠾࠸࡚
ࡶࠊ≉࡟ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕㏻ヂࡢศ㔝ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟◊✲ࡉࢀጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ་⒪ศ㔝࡛ࡣࠊ་⒪⌧ሙ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㟁ヰ㏻ヂࡢヨ㦂ⓗᑟධ࡟㛵ࡍࡿሗ࿌ࡀ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ᪥ᮏ
㐲㝸་⒪Ꮫ఍࡟ࡣ㐲㝸་⒪㏻ヂࡢศ⛉఍ࡶタ⨨ࡉࢀࡓ 6ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢሗ࿌࡛ࡣࠊ㡢㔞ࡸ⏬㠃ࡢ኱ࡁࡉ࡞࡝ࡢᢏ⾡ⓗ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡢ࡯࠿ࠊ㐲㝸㏻ヂࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿ࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔ࡢᩘ࡜㉁ࡢྥୖ
㸦℧⃝࡯࠿, 2009㸧ࡸ㈝⏝㈇ᢸ㸦ᡂ⏣࡯࠿, 2006㸧࡞࡝ࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕㏻ヂ≉᭷ࡢㄢ㢟࡞࡝ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊྖἲࡢ㡿ᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊෆ⸨㸦2013㸧ࡀࠊ↓ᩱἲᚊ┦ㄯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㐲㝸㏻ヂࡢᐇ᪋య㦂࠿ࡽࠊ㐲㝸㏻ヂ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢱ࣮ࣥࢸ࢖࢟ࣥࢢࡢ㞴ࡋࡉࢆㄝ᫂ࡍ
ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ⣲ᛶࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࡃ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ࡟㐲㝸㏻ヂࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿࡦ࡜ࡶ࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ
┦ㄯෆᐜࡀ」㞧࠿ࡘ῝้࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶከ࠸࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋOkumura (2013)ࡢ㏻ヂ⪅࡜㐲㝸
㏻ヂ฼⏝⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ㐲㝸㏻ヂ඲⯡࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊ2013 ᖺᙜ᫬࡟౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ
㏻ಙᶵჾࡸࡑࡢ㏻ಙရ㉁࡟ࡣࠊࡲࡔከࡃࡢࡤࡽࡘࡁ࡜ၥ㢟ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ
2.4 ᮏ✏ࡢ఩⨨௜ࡅ ⮬ື㏻ヂ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊከࡃࡢㄢ㢟ࡀㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࠊヂฟࡢရ㉁ࢆࡉࡽ࡟㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢᢏ⾡ⓗ࡞◊✲㛤Ⓨࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⌧ᅾ฼⏝ྍ⬟࡞ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⮬ື
㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆ⥲ྜⓗ࡟⪃ᐹࡍࡿ◊✲ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࠋ㐲㝸㏻ヂ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕㏻ヂࡸᅜ㝿఍㆟㏻ヂࡢศ㔝࡟࠾ࡅࡿ◊✲ࡣᏑᅾࡍࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ᪑⾜⪅࡜᪑⾜⪅ࢆཷࡅධࢀࡿ
ྛ✀᪋タ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᥦ౪ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠊࢥ࣮ࣝࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᆺࡢ㐲㝸㏻ヂࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣぢᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸ࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊ⌧ᅾ᪥ᮏ࡛ࠊゼ᪥እᅜே᪑⾜⪅࡜ࡑࢀࡽࡢ᪑⾜⪅࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿྛ✀᪋タࡀ฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿ⮬ື㏻ヂ࡜㐲㝸㏻ヂࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡟↔Ⅼࢆ࠶࡚ࠊ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮࡟࡜
ࡗ࡚ࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ࡜ရ㉁ࡢྥୖ࣭ಖド࡟࠾ࡅࡿㄢ㢟ࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊྛࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢᐇ
㝿ࡢရ㉁࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ௒ᚋࡢ◊✲ㄢ㢟࡜ࡍࡿࠋ3. ᪥ᮏㄒ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⮬ື㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ ⌧ᅾᡭ㍍࡟฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿ⮬ື㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࢫ࣐࣮ࢺࣇ࢛ࣥࡸࢱࣈࣞࢵࢺ➃ᮎ࡞࡝ࡢᦠᖏ➃ᮎ࡟ࢲ࣮࢘ࣥࣟࢻࡋ࡚౑࠼ࡿ⮬ື㏻ヂ࢔ࣉࣜ 7 ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ⌧ᅾࠊከࡃࡢ⮬ື㏻ヂ࢔ࣉࣜࡀ Apple ♫ࡢ App Store ࡸ Google ♫ࡢ Google Play Store ࡞࡝ࡢ࢔ࣉࣜࢫࢺ࢔࡛㓄ಙࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⮬ື㏻ヂ࢔ࣉࣜࡢ௦⾲౛ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊ≉ᚩࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡀᥦ౪ࡍࡿ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡸࠊヂฟࡢရ㉁ྥୖ࡬ࡢㄢ
㢟࡞࡝ࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ

193ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘15 ྕ㸦2015㸧

3.1 ᪥ᮏㄒ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⮬ື㏻ヂ࢔ࣉࣜࡢ✀㢮࡜≉ᚩ ᪥ᮏㄒ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⮬ື㏻ヂ࢔ࣉࣜࡢ௦⾲౛ࢆ⾲ 1 ࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣ ࠊ
ࠕGoogle ⩻ヂࠖ࡜ࡑࡢὴ⏕࢔ࣉࣜࠊ᪥ᮏࡢẸ㛫௻ᴗࡀ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ࢔ࣉࣜࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ᝟ሗ㏻ಙ◊✲ᶵᵓ㸦NICT㸧ࡀ㛤ⓎࡋࡓࠕVoiceTraࠖ࡜ࡑࡢὴ⏕࢔ࣉࣜࡢ 3 ✀㢮࡟ศ㢮࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

3.1.1 ࠕGoogle ⩻ヂࠖ࡜ࡑࡢὴ⏕࢔ࣉࣜ ୡ⏺࡛᭱ࡶ฼⏝⪅ࡢከ࠸⮬ື㏻ヂ࢔ࣉࣜࡣࠊGoogle ♫ࡀ㛤ⓎࡋࡓࠕGoogle ⩻ヂ࡛ࠖ࠶
ࡿࠋ2015 ᖺ᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡣࠊẖ᭶ 5 ൨ே௨ୖࡀࠕGoogle ⩻ヂࠖࢆ౑ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ1 ᪥࠶ࡓࡾ 10 ൨ࡢ༢ㄒࡀ⩻ヂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Android, 2015㸧ࠋࡇࡢࠕGoogle ⩻ヂࠖ࡜ྠࡌᶵᲔ⩻ヂ࢚ࣥࢪࣥࢆ౑ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠕ㡢ኌ㏻ヂ Pro8ࠖࠊࠕ㡢ኌ㸤⩻ヂࠖࠊࠕiHandy ⩻ヂᶵࠖ࡞࡝ࡢὴ⏕࢔ࣉ
ࣜࡶࠊ2015 ᖺ 4 ᭶᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ࢔ࣉࣜࢫࢺ࢔࡟࠾࠸࡚ྛ✀ࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢ࡛ 50 ఩௨ෆ࡟ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ9 ࠕGoogle ⩻ヂࠖࡢ࢔ࣉࣜࡣࠊࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜࢙࢘ࣈୖ࡛ᥦ౪ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓྠྡࡢᶵᲔ⩻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡟ࠊ㡢ኌㄆ㆑࡜㡢ኌྜᡂࡀຍࢃࡾࠊ࢔ࣉࣜ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ࡶᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡶ
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆᨭ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ Google ♫ࡀ⊂⮬࡟㛤ⓎࡋࡓᶵᲔ⩻ヂ࢚ࣥࢪࣥ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋSMT ࢆ᥇⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ 90 ゝㄒ࡟ᑐᛂࡋࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ୺࡟ⱥㄒࢆᇶ㍈࡜ࡋࡓ 2 ẁ㝵ࡢ⩻ヂ㸦two-step translation㸧ࢆ᥇⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢゝㄒ࡛ᐇ⌧ࡉࢀࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ 10㸦Boitet et al., 2010㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊࠕGoogle ⩻ヂࠖࡢ࢔ࣉࣜ࡟ࡣࠊ

194

ゼ᪥እᅜே᪑⾜⪅ᑐᛂࡢ⮬ື㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡜㐲㝸㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ⌧≧཮᪉ྥᛶࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋࡓ఍ヰ࣮ࣔࢻ࡛ࠊ౑⏝ゝㄒࢆ⮬ືⓗ࡟᳨▱ࡍࡿᶵ⬟ࡶᦚ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ๓㏙ࡢࠕ㡢ኌ㏻ヂ Proࠖࠊࠕ㡢ኌ㸤⩻ヂࠖࠊࠕiHandy ⩻ヂᶵࠖࢆጞࡵࠊᾏእࡢẸ㛫௻ᴗ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓከゝㄒᑐᛂࡢ⮬ື㏻ヂ࢔ࣉࣜࡢከࡃࡣࠊGoogle ♫ࡢᶵᲔ⩻ヂ࢚ࣥࢪࣥࢆ౑ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊࠕGoogle ⩻ヂࠖ࡜ࡣูࡢ࢔ࣉࣜ࡜ࡋ࡚ᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ௚ࡢ
㡢ኌㄆ㆑࢚ࣥࢪࣥࡸ㡢ኌྜᡂ࢚ࣥࢪࣥࠊࣇ࣮ࣞࢬࣈࢵࢡࠊࠕࢫ࣐࣮ࢺ࡛౑࠸᫆࠸࣮ࣘࢨ
࣮࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࣮ࢫ ࠖ㸦iHandySoft Inc., n.d.㸧࡞࡝ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡟ࡣ≉໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿศ㔝ࡀ࡞ࡃࠊỗ⏝ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚ᥦ౪ࡉ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋヂฟࡢရ㉁࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࢝ࢫࢱ࣐࣮ࣞࣅ࣮࡛ࣗࡣᐇ⏝࡛ࡁࡿ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡣ࡞࠸
࡜ࡢኌࡶከࡃ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ฼⏝⪅ࡢከࡉࢆぢࡿ࡜ࠊᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶఱࡽ࠿ࡢ౯್ࢆ๰ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
3.1.2 ᪥ᮏࡢẸ㛫௻ᴗࡀ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ⮬ື㏻ヂ࢔ࣉࣜ ๓㏙ࡢࠕGoogle ⩻ヂࠖ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࠊ࢙࢘ࣈୖࡢᶵᲔ⩻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡀ࢔ࣉࣜ໬ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ
࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ࢙࢘ࣈࣜ࢜ⱥㄒ⩻ヂࠖࠊࠕ࢙࢘ࣈࣜ࢜୰ᅜㄒ⩻ヂࠖࠊࠕ࢙࢘ࣈࣜ࢜㡑ᅜㄒࠖ࡞࡝ࡢ࢙࢘ࣈࣜ࢜⣔ࡢ࢔ࣉࣜࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠕ࢚࢟ࢧ࢖ࢺⱥㄒ⩻ヂࠖࠊࠕ࢚࢟ࢧ࢖ࢺ୰ᅜㄒ⩻ヂࠖࠊࠕ࢚࢟ࢧ࢖ࢺ㡑ᅜㄒࠖ࡞࡝ࡢ࢚࢟ࢧ࢖ࢺ⣔ࡢ࢔ࣉࣜࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡭࡚᪥ᮏㄒ࡜እᅜ
ㄒ࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢ཮᪉ྥࡢᶵᲔ⩻ヂࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ࢙࢘ࣈࣜ࢜⣔ࡢ࢔ࣉࣜࡣࠊ➃ᮎ࡟ᦚ㍕ࡉࢀࡓ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ㡢ኌධຊᶵ⬟࠾ࡼࡧ࢔ࣉࣜ࡟ᦚ㍕ࡉࢀࡓእᅜㄒࡢⓎヰᶵ⬟࡜⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࢀࡤࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࠿ࡽእᅜㄒ࡬ࡢ୍᪉ྥࡢ⮬ື㏻ヂ࢔ࣉࣜ࡜ࡋ࡚౑࠼ࡿࠋᶵᲔ⩻ヂ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊヂฟ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࡣ⊂⮬ࡢᶵᲔ⩻ヂ࢚ࣥࢪࣥࢆ౑ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᥎

ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊヲ⣽ࡣ୙࡛᫂࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜࢙࢘ࣈࣜ࢜ࡀ୵่ࡋ᳨⣴ࢆᚓព࡜ࡍࡿ࢜ࣥࣛ࢖ࣥ㎡᭩ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦࢙࢘ࣈࣜ࢜ᰴᘧ఍♫, n.d.㸧ࡓࡵ࠿ࠊ࢔ࣉ࡛ࣜࡶヂฟࡢ࡯࠿ࠊヂฟࢆඖࡢゝㄒ࡟ࡲࡓ⩻ヂࡋࡓࠕ㏫⩻ヂࠖࠊ㢮ఝࡢ౛ᩥࡸ༢ㄒࡈ࡜ࡢ⩻ヂ࡞࡝ࡶ⾲♧ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ
Ⓨヰࡢ㏿ᗘࡲ࡛㑅࡭ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊゝㄒᏛ⩦⪅ྥࡅ࡟సࡽࢀࡓ࢔ࣉ࡛ࣜ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸
࠼ࡿࠋ ୍᪉࡛ࠊࠕGoogle ⩻ヂࠖࡢὴ⏕࢔ࣉࣜ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࠊ௚♫ࡢ࢚ࣥࢪࣥࢆ⤌ࡳ㎸ࢇࡔ࢔ࣉࣜ
ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋNTT ࢻࢥࣔ♫ࡢࠕࡣ࡞ࡋ࡚⩻ヂ—Jspeakࠖࡀࡑࡢ୍౛࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢ࢔ࣉࣜࡣゝㄒࡈ࡜࡟␗࡞ࡿ⩻ヂ࢚ࣥࢪࣥࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦᝟ሗ࣭⏘ᴗ♫఍ࢩࢫࢸ࣒㒊఍,n.d.㸧ࠋ࢙࢘ࣈࣜ࢜⣔ࡢ࢔ࣉࣜ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡜እᅜㄒࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ⮬ື
㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᑐ㠃࡛ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ㟁ヰࢆ௓ࡋࡓࢥ࣑ࣗࢽ
ࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ࡁ࡞≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᑐ㠃࡛ࡣ 10 ゝㄒࠊ㟁ヰ࡛ࡣ
3 ゝㄒ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
3.1.3 ࠕVoiceTraࠖ࡜ࡑࡢὴ⏕࢔ࣉࣜ ࠕVoiceTraࠖࡣ᝟ሗ㏻ಙ◊✲ᶵᵓ㸦NICT㸧ࡀ୺ᑟࡋࠊ⏘Ꮫᐁඹྠ࡛㐍ࡵࡽࢀࡓ⮬ື㡢ኌ⩻ヂᢏ⾡◊✲㛤Ⓨࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ MASTAR㸦 Multi-lingual Advanced Speech and Text

195ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘15 ྕ㸦2015㸧

Research㸧࠿ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀࡓ࢔ࣉ࡛ࣜ࠶ࡿ㸦㝮⏣, 2012㸧ࠋࠕVoiceTraࠖࢆᨭ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ NICT ࡢᶵᲔ⩻ヂ࢚ࣥࢪࣥࡶ SMT ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㠀᪥ᮏㄒ㛫ࡢ⩻ヂ࡟ࡶᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ
ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࡋ࡚㧗⢭ᗘ⩻ヂࡢᐇ⌧ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ㸦୰ᮧ࡯࠿, 2011㸧ࡓࡵࠊᵓᩥࡢ㐪࠸࡞࡝ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡶࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ≉࡟᪥ᮏㄒ࡜እᅜㄒࡢᑐヂࢥ࣮ࣃࢫᵓ⠏࡟ຊࢆධࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦୰ᮧ࡯࠿, ibid.㸧ࠊ୰࡛ࡶ᪑⾜఍ヰ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ᅜ㝿㟁Ẽ
㏻ಙᇶ♏ᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ㸦ATR㸧ࡀ㛗ᖺ࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚ᵓ⠏ࡋࡓ኱つᶍ㡢ኌࢥ࣮ࣃࢫࠊ ᪑⾜఍ヰᇶᮏ⾲⌧㞟㸦Basic Travel Expression CorpusࠊBTEC㸧ࢆᘬࡁ⥅࠸࡛࠸ࡿ㸦୰ᮧ࡯࠿, 2008;
୰ᮧ࡯࠿, 2011㸧ࠋ࢔ࣉࣜࡣ 21 ゝㄒࡢᶵᲔ⩻ヂ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ 6 ゝㄒࡢ⮬ື
㏻ヂࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ࢙࢘ࣈࣜ࢜⣔ࡢ࢔ࣉࣜ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࠊ㏫⩻ヂࡢ⤖ᯝࡶ⾲♧ࡉࢀࠊ⩻ヂࡢ☜࠿ࡽࡋࡉࢆ᥎ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࠋヂฟࡢရ㉁࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ2009 ᖺ 12 ᭶࠿ࡽ 2010 ᖺ
3 ᭶࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࠊMASTAR ࡢ⮬ື㡢ኌ⩻ヂᢏ⾡࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ほග᪋タ࡞࡝⣙ 370 ⟠ᡤ᳨࡛ドࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ㸦Ᏻ⏣࡯࠿, 2012㸧ࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓ฼⏝⪅࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ࡛᪥ᮏேࡢ⣙ 5 ๭࡜እᅜேࡢ⣙ 7 ๭ࡀࠕ༙ศ⛬ᗘ௨ୖఏࢃࡗࡓ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡓࠖ㸦୰ᮧ࡯࠿, 2011㸧࡜ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀฟ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊほග࣭᪑⾜࡜࠸࠺ࢥࣥࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊヂฟࡢ
ရ㉁ࡀ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ౑࠼ࡿ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
 ࠕVoiceTraࠖ࠿ࡽὴ⏕ࡋࡓ࢔ࣉࣜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࠕNariTraࠖࡸࠕVoiceTra4Uࠖ࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࠕNariTraࠖࡣࠊNICT ࡜ᡂ⏣ᅜ㝿✵ᰴᘧ఍♫㸦NAA㸧ࡀྜྠ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠊၟ⏝໬᳨ドᐇ㦂࠿ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀࡓ࢔ࣉ࡛ࣜ࠶ࡾࠊࠕVoiceTraࠖ࡟ᡂ⏣ᅜ㝿✵࡟㛵⦎ࡍࡿᅛ᭷ྡモ㸦࢚࢔ࣛ࢖ࣥྡࠊほගᆅྡࠊ㥐ྡࠊၟရྡ➼㸧1600 ௳ࢆ㏣ຍࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦㝮⏣, 2014㸧ࠋ᪥ᮏㄒ࡜እᅜㄒࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡟ࡋ࠿ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊࠕVoiceTraࠖࡢ⏝㏵ࢆࡉࡽ࡟㝈ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊヂฟࡢရ㉁ࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡓࡶࡢ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠕVoiceTra4UࠖࡣࠊNICT ࢆྵࡵࡓ25 ࢝ᅜࡢ 30 ᶵ㛵ࡀᡤᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿୡ⏺ⓗ࡞㡢ኌ⩻ヂࢥࣥࢯ࣮ࢩ࢔࣒ Universal Speech
Translation Advanced Research Consortium㸦U-STAR11㸧ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ඹྠ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓ࢔ࣉ࡛ࣜ
࠶ࡾࠊNICT ࢆྵࡵࡓຍ┕ᅜࡢ㡢ኌ⩻ヂࢧ࣮ࣂࢆ᥋⥆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᇼ, 2011㸧ࠋᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿゝㄒᩘࡶࠊ㡢ኌධຊࡣ 17 ゝㄒࠊ㡢ኌฟຊࡣ 14 ゝㄒࠊᶵᲔ⩻ヂࡣ 30 ゝㄒ࡜ቑ࠼ࠊ
ࠕVoiceTraࠖࡢᶵ⬟ࢆᣑᙇࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ
3.2 ⪃ᐹ ௨ୖࠊ⮬ື㏻ヂ࢔ࣉࣜࡢ௦⾲౛ࢆศ㢮ࡋࠊࡑࡢ≉ᚩࢆ㏙࡭࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ࢔ࣉࣜ࡟
ඹ㏻ࡍࡿࠊ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࢥࢫࢺ࡜࢔ࢡࢭࢫᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࢥࢫࢺ
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡢ࢔ࣉࣜࡀ↓ᩱࡲࡓࡣప౯᱁࡛ᥦ౪ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ࢔ࢡࢭࢫᛶ
࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᦠᖏ➃ᮎ࡜ࠊ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࡟᥋⥆ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㏻ಙࢧ࣮ࣅࢫዎ⣙࠾ࡼࡧ㏻
ಙ⎔ቃࡉ࠼ᩚࡗ࡚࠸ࢀࡤࠊ࢔ࣉࣜࢫࢺ࢔࠿ࡽࢲ࣮࢘ࣥࣟࢻࡋ࡚ࡍࡄ࡟฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿࠋ㏻ヂ⪅ࢆᡭ㓄ࡍࡿᡭ㛫ࡶ࣮ࣜࢻࢱ࢖࣒ࡶ୙せ࡛ࠊ୍ᗘ࡟฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡦ࡜ࡢᩘ࡟ࡶไ㝈ࡀ࡞࠸ࠋ ୍᪉࡛ࠊㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊヂฟࡢရ㉁ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎ㡢ኌㄆ㆑ࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡣࠊᅛ᭷ྡモࡸྠ㡢␗⩏ㄒࡢㄗㄆ㆑ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࣜࢫࢡࡀ࠶ࡿࠋḟࡢᶵᲔ⩻ヂࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡶࠊከࡃࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒
ࡀ SMT ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊᩥἲࡢ㐪࠸ࠊᑐヂࢥ࣮ࣃࢫࡢ㝈⏺ࠊࢥࣥࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ↓196

ゼ᪥እᅜே᪑⾜⪅ᑐᛂࡢ⮬ື㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡜㐲㝸㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ⌧≧⪃៖࡞࡝࠿ࡽࠊㄗヂࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࠕGoogle ⩻ヂࠖ࡞࡝ࠊ㎿㏿࡞ከゝㄒᒎ㛤ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟➨ 3 ゝㄒࢆᇶ㍈࡜ࡋࡓ two-step translation ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡛ࡣࠊ
ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࣜࢫࢡࡣࡉࡽ࡟ቑ࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊヰࡋゝⴥࢆྲྀࡾᢅ࠺⮬ື㏻ヂ≉᭷ࡢၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ␲ၥ➢ࡸᘬ⏝➢࡞࡝ࡢྃㄞⅬࢆ཯࡛ᫎࡁ࡞࠸ࠊࢸࢡࢫࢺࡀᩥἲ࡟๎ࡗࡓ⾲⌧࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸
࡞࠸ࠊࣇ࢕࣮ࣛࡀධࡿ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊヂฟࡢရ㉁ࡀࡉࡽ࡟పୗࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦୰ᮧ࡯࠿, 2008㸧ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓရ㉁ࡢၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࠕVoiceTra࡛ࠖࡣࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡜እᅜㄒ
ࡢᵓᩥࡢ㐪࠸࡟≉໬ࡋࡓ࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒ࢆධࢀࡿࠊ᪑⾜࣭ほග࡜࠸࠺ࢥࣥࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡟ᇶ࡙
࠸ࡓࢥ࣮ࣃࢫࢆ౑࠺ࠊ㡢ኌࢥ࣮ࣃࢫࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࡢ᪉ἲ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ㝈ᐃࡉࢀࡓゝㄒࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡜ࢥࣥࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿヂฟࡢရ㉁ྥୖࢆᅗࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࠕNariTra࡛ࠖࡣࡉࡽ
࡟ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓഴྥࢆᙉࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࠿ࡽࡣࠊ⌧ᅾࡢᢏ⾡࡛ࡣࠊヂฟࡢရ㉁ࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿ
ࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢỗ⏝ᛶ࣭㎿㏿࡞ከゝㄒᒎ㛤ࡀ≛≅࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࢪ࣐ࣞࣥࡀᾋ࠿ࡧ
ୖࡀࡿࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶ⮬ື㏻ヂ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊヂฟࡢရ㉁ࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺
ၥ࠸࠿ࡅࡶ࠶ࡿࠋMelby (1997) ࡣࠊရ㉁ࡢప࠸ࠕindicative translation 㸦♧၀ⓗ࡞⩻ヂ㸧ࠖ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡶࠊࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ࡜ᑡࡋࡢ⦎⩦࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ኱ࡲ࠿࡞ෆᐜࡣࢃ࠿ࡿࡼ
࠺࡟࡞ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ࢙࢘ࣈࣜ࢜⣔ࡸ VoiceTra ⣔ࡢ࢔ࣉ࡛ࣜ⾲♧ࡉࢀࡿ㏫⩻
ヂࡣࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣ฼⏝⪅ࡀヂฟࡢ☜࠿ࡽࡋࡉࢆุ᩿࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⮬ື㏻ヂࡢᮏ᮶ࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊே㛫ࡢ㏻ヂ⪅࡟⨨ࡁ᥮ࢃࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࡣࠊヂฟࡢရ㉁ࡢ㝈⏺ࢆㄆ㆑ࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢព࿡ࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿᡭ㍍࡞ࢶ࣮ࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ά⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀ࠺࠿ࡀ࠼ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ⮬ື㏻ヂ࢔ࣉࣜࡣࠊࢥࢫࢺ࡜࢔ࢡࢭࢫᛶࡣඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊᑡ࡞ࡃ
࡜ࡶ࠸ࡲࡢᢏ⾡࡛ࡣࠊỗ⏝ᛶ࡜㧗࠸ヂฟရ㉁ࡢ୧᪉ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿
ࡿࠋゼ᪥እᅜே᪑⾜⪅࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࠿ࡽぢࢀࡤࠊ᪑⾜࣭ほගࡢࢥࣥࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡟
࠾࠸࡚ရ㉁ྥୖࡀᅗࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ VoiceTra ⣔ࡢ࢔ࣉࣜࡀ᭱ࡶ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡀࠊỗ⏝ᛶ࡟Ḟࡅ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࠊᕼᑡゝㄒ࡟ࡣᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊỗ⏝ᛶ࡜ከゝㄒᑐᛂࢆඃඛࡋࡓࠕGoogle ⩻ヂࠖࢆ௦⾲࡜ࡍࡿ࢔ࣉࣜࡣࠊእᅜㄒࡢࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁࡿࡀࠊㄗゎࡢࣜࢫࢡࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࡼࡾṇ☜࡟ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆྲྀࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ
࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ሙ㠃࡟ࡣ୙ྥࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋḟ࡟ࠊ㏻ヂ࡟࠿࠿ࡿࢥࢫࢺࢆᢚ࠼࡞ࡀࡽࠊ࢔ࢡࢭࢫᛶ
ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿูࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࢥ࣮ࣝࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᆺ㐲㝸㏻ヂࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿࠋ
4. ᪥ᮏࡢࢥ࣮ࣝࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᆺ㐲㝸㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ 㐲㝸㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡣࠊᅛᐃ㟁ヰࢆ௓ࡋࡓ㟁ヰ㏻ヂ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ᚑ᮶࠿ࡽᥦ౪ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ
ࡀࠊ᝟ሗ㏻ಙᢏ⾡ࡢ㐍Ṍ࡜ᬑཬ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ㡢ኌࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ⏬ീࡶ㏦ࡾࠊ୍⯡ࡢࡦ࡜ࡀ
ᡭ㍍࡟฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏࡢ㐲㝸㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡟ࡣࠊ୺࡟㏻ヂὴ㐵఍♫ࡀᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ௻ᴗྥࡅࡢ㟁ヰ㏻ヂࠊ⮬἞యࡸ NPO ࡞࡝ࡀᅾ␃እᅜே࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᥦ
౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊᆅᇦ♫఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㐲㝸㏻ヂࠊࡑࡋ࡚᪂ࡋࡃࢥ࣮ࣝࢭࣥࢱ࣮఍♫࡞࡝ࡀࠊゼ᪥እᅜே᪑⾜⪅࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ㣧㣗᪋タ࣭ၟᴗ᪋タ࣭ᐟἩ᪋タ࣭஺㏻ᶵ㛵࡞࡝࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᥦ౪

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ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘15 ྕ㸦2015㸧ࡋጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠊࢥ࣮ࣝࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᆺࡢ㐲㝸㏻ヂࡢ኱ࡁࡃศࡅ࡚୕✀㢮ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ
ࡇࡢ୕␒┠ࡢࢥ࣮ࣝࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᆺ㐲㝸㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ௦⾲౛ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊࡑࡢ≉ᚩࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊ⪃ᐹࢆ㏙࡭ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊᚋ㏙ࡢ㏻ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢࢥ࣮ࣝࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᆺ㐲㝸㏻ヂ
ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ୰࡟ࡣࠊ௻ᴗࡸᆅᇦ♫఍ྥࡅ࡟㐲㝸㏻ヂࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
4.1 ࢥ࣮ࣝࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᆺ㐲㝸㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ≉ᚩ ᪥ᮏ࡛ᥦ౪ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢥ࣮ࣝࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᆺࡢ㐲㝸㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ௦⾲౛ࢆࠊ⾲ 2 ࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡟ඹ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊゼ᪥እᅜே᪑⾜⪅࡬ࡢᑐᛂࢆᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜
ࡶ฼⏝┠ⓗࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚ᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕ࣍ࢸࣝࡸ㣧㣗ᗑ࡞࡝ࠊᾏእ࠿ࡽࡢ࠾
ᐈᵝࡢཷࡅධࢀࡀከ࠸᪋タ࡞࡝࡛ࠊከゝㄒᑐ⟇ࢶ࣮ࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠖ㸦ᰴᘧ఍♫ࢫ࣐࣮ࢺ࣭ࢼ
ࣅ, n.d.㸧ࠊࠕእᅜ࠿ࡽࡢ᪑⾜⪅ࡀゼ᪥ࡢ㝿࡟ࠊᆅ᪉⮬἞యࡢほග❆ཱྀ㸦࢖ࣥࣇ࢛࣓࣮ࢩ
ࣙࣥࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸧ࢆゼࡡࡿࠊࣞࣥࢱ࣮࢝ࢆ೉ࡾࡿࠊ⸆ᒁ࡛⸆ࢆ㈙࠺ࠊ⑓㝔࡟⾜ࡃࠊࢩࣙࢵ
ࣆࣥࢢࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡟⾜ࡃࠊࣞࢫࢺࣛࣥ࡟㣗஦࡟⾜ࡃ࡞࡝ࡢࢩ࣮ࣥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠖ㸦᪥ᮏ㟁Ẽᰴᘧ఍♫, n.d.㸧࡞࡝ࡢᩥゝࡀࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ⤂௓࡟౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊࠕᑓ㛛ࡢ▱㆑ࢆせࡍࡿၟྲྀᘬࡸἲᚊ࣭་⒪┦ㄯ࡞࡝࡟ࡣࡈ฼⏝࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡲࡏࢇࠖ㸦ᰴᘧ఍♫࢖ࣥࢹࣥࢥࣥ
ࢧࣝࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ, n.d.㸧ࡸࠕᑓ㛛⏝ㄒࡸᑓ㛛ᛶࡀᚲせ࡞㏻ヂ࡟ࡣᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠖ㸦࢔࢖࣭ࢸ࢕࣮࣭࢚ࢵࢡࢫᰴᘧ఍♫, n.d.㸧࡜ࠊ㞴᫆ᗘࡢ㧗࠸ෆᐜࡢ㏻ヂࡣྲྀࡾᢅࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸
ࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂グࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡶ࠶ࢀࡤࠊᰴᘧ఍♫ࣈࣜࢵࢡࢫࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࣅࢪࢿࢫ࣭ࢥ࣑
ࣗࢽࢸ࢕ࡢᑓ㛛ศ㔝ࡢ㏻ヂࡶㄳࡅ㈇ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡶ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊㄳࡅ㈇࠺ෆᐜࡢᖜࡣ
ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ

198

ゼ᪥እᅜே᪑⾜⪅ᑐᛂࡢ⮬ື㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡜㐲㝸㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ⌧≧ ࡇࢀࡽࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡜௚ゝㄒࡢ㛫ࡢ㏻ヂࡀᥦ౪ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋእᅜே᪑⾜⪅࡟㛵㐃ࡋࡓ᱌௳ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊཷࡅධࢀேᩘࡢከ࠸ゝㄒࡀ㔜Ⅼⓗ࡟ᑐᛂࡉࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿ㸦ᰴᘧ఍♫ࢫ࣐࣮ࢺ࣎ࢵࢡࢫ, n.d.㸧ࠋᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿゝㄒࡣࠊⱥㄒ࣭୰ᅜㄒ࣭㡑ᅜㄒࡢ 3ゝㄒࠊࡲࡓࡣⱥㄒ࣭୰ᅜㄒ࣭㡑ᅜㄒ࣭ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥㄒ࣭࣏ࣝࢺ࢞ࣝㄒࡢ 5 ゝㄒ࡛࠶ࡿሙྜࡀ
ከ࠸ࠋ㏻ಙ᪉ᘧࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡣࠊᚑ᮶ᆺࡢ㡢ኌࡢࡳࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡶ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ㡢ኌ࡜ᫎീࡢ୧
᪉ࢆ౑࠺ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡶ࠶ࡿࠋᚋ⪅࡟ࡣࠊApple ♫ࡢ FaceTime ࡞࡝ࢆ౑࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࢥࢫࢺࢆᢚ
࠼࡚࠸ࡿࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡶ࠶ࡿ㸦ᰴᘧ఍♫ࢫ࣐࣮ࢺ࣭ࢼࣅ, n.d.㸧ࠋ㏻ಙᙧែ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ୕⪅㛫
㏻ಙ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿࡶࡢࡶ࠶ࡿࡀࠊⓎヰ⪅ࡀࡍ࡭࡚ྠࡌሙᡤ࡟࠸࡚ࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡢࡳࡀࢥ࣮ࣝࢭ
ࣥࢱ࣮࡟࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋࡓ஧⪅㛫㏻ಙ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢࡀከ࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ㄪᰝࡋࡓ
ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡣࡍ࡭࡚ࠊ᭱኱࡛ 24 ᫬㛫 365 ᪥ᑐᛂࢆᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㈝⏝ㄳồࡣ᱌௳ࡈ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞
ࡃࠊ᭶㢠ࡢᇶᮏᩱ㔠࡜ዎ⣙᫬㛫㉸㐣ᩱ㔠ࠊࡲࡓࡣࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆ౑࠸ᨺ㢟࡛ࡁࡿᐃ㢠ᩱ㔠ࢆタᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ୺࡟ಶேྥࡅ࡟ࠊࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ᫬㛫࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓᚑ㔞ไࡢࣉࣛࣥࢆ⏝ពࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊ⌧ᅾࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡣࠊ
ᚑ᮶ࡢ㏻ヂὴ㐵఍♫࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࢥ࣮ࣝࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᴗ⪅ࡸࠊ㏻ಙ఍♫ࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ఍♫ࠊᦠᖏ➃ᮎ࣓࣮࣮࢝࡞࡝ࡀ㐠Ⴀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
4.2 ⪃ᐹ ௨ୖࠊࢥ࣮ࣝࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᆺ㐲㝸㏻ヂࡢ≉ᚩࢆ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ᣲࡆࡓࠋ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢ࣓ࣜ
ࢵࢺࡣࡸࡣࡾࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࢆᖖ㥔ࡉࡏࡓሙྜ࡜ẚ࡭࡚ࢥࢫࢺࡀప࠸ࡇ࡜ࠊ࢔ࢡࢭࢫᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࠊࡑࡋ࡚⮬ື㏻ヂࡼࡾࡣヂฟࡢရ㉁ࡀ㧗࠸࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ పࢥࢫࢺ࡛฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ᭶㢠ᇶᮏᩱ㔠 3000 ෇㸦⛯ู㸧࡛ࠊࡦ࡜᭶࠶ࡓࡾ 10ศ↓ᩱ࡛฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿࣉࣛࣥࡀ⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠕ࡝ࡇ࡛ࡶ‫ۼ‬㏻ヂࠖࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦ᰴᘧ఍♫ࢫ࣐࣮ࢺ࣎ࢵࢡࢫ, n.d.㸧ࠋ24 ᫬㛫 365 ᪥ᑐᛂࣉࣛࣥࡢሙྜࠊ౛࠼ࡤࠕࡳ࠼ࡿ㏻ヂ࡛ࠖࡣࠊึ
ᮇ㈝⏝ 50,000 ෇ࠊ᭶㢠 25,000 ෇㸦⛯ู㸧ࡢࣉࣛࣥࡀ⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦࢔࢖࣭ࢸ࢕࣮࣭࢚
ࢵࢡࢫᰴᘧ఍♫, n.d.㸧ࠊྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞౯᱁ᖏࡢࣉࣛࣥࡀ⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡀከ࠸༳
㇟࡛࠶ࡿࠋᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿྛ✀᪋タ࣭ᶵ㛵ࡢ❆ཱྀ࡛ࡣࠊ࠸ࡘ㏻ヂࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࡣࢃ࠿ࡽࡎࠊⓎ⏕ࡍࡿᑐヰࡶ▷࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟㏻ヂ⪅ࢆᖖ㥔ࡉࡏࡿࡼࡾࡣࠊࡇ࠺
ࡋࡓࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ࡯࠺ࡀࢥࢫࢺࡣᢚ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋಶேࡢ฼⏝⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࣉࣟࡢ
㏻ヂ⪅ࢆ㞠࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ㔠㢠ⓗ࡟㞴ࡋ࠸࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࢥ࣮ࣝࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᆺ㐲㝸㏻ヂ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊᡭ㍍࡟฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࡲࡓ࢔ࢡࢭࢫᛶ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊከࡃࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡀᖺ୰↓ఇࡢᑐᛂࢆᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪦ዎ
⣙࡜ึᮇタᐃࡀ᏶஢ࡍࢀࡤࠊ⌮ㄽⓗ࡟ࡣ࠸ࡘ࡛ࡶ౑࠼ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊࣉࣟࡲࡓࡣ࣎ࣛࣥ
ࢸ࢕࢔ࡢ㏻ヂ⪅ࢆᡭ㓄ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᚲせࡔࡗࡓᡭ㛫ࡶ࣮ࣜࢻࢱ࢖࣒ࡶ┬ࡅࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊࢧ
࣮ࣅࢫࡀᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㏻ヂ⪅ᩘ࡜ࢡࣛ࢖࢔ࣥࢺᩘ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࢥ࣮ࣝࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡟࠸ࡿ㏻ヂ
⪅࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ࡟ࡃ࠸࡜࠸࠺஦㇟ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣྰᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ

199ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘15 ྕ㸦2015㸧 ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊヂฟࡢရ㉁࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊே㛫ࡢุ᩿ࡀධࡿࡓࡵࠊ⮬ື㏻ヂࡼࡾࡣရ㉁ࡀ㧗࠸࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊヂฟࡢရ㉁ྥୖࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᥦ౪⪅ഃࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡜࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ഃࡢ༠ຊ࡜⌮ゎࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
 ㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᥦ౪⪅ഃ࡛ࡣࠊㄳࡅ㈇ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿෆᐜࡢ㞴᫆ᗘࡶຍ࿡ࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࡢ᥇⏝ᇶ‽ࡸᩍ⫱࣭カ⦎ࠊࡑࡋ୍࡚ேࡢ㏻ヂ⪅ࡀ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚ᑐᛂࡍࡿ᫬㛫ࡢ㛗ࡉࢆྵࡵࡓປാ᮲௳ࡢタᐃ࡞࡝ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ᥇⏝ᇶ‽ࡢ୍౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ་⒪࡞࡝ࡢᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ෆᐜࡶᘬࡁཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿᰴᘧ఍♫ࣈࣜࢵࢡࢫ࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅ࡢሙྜࡣ TOEIC900 Ⅼ௨ୖࠊእᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅ࡢሙྜࡣ᪥ᮏㄒ⬟ຊ᳨ᐃ 1 ⣭ࢆᇶ‽࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㏻ヂᮍ⤒㦂⪅ࡶ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜Ⓨ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㏻ヂ⩻ヂࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝ, 2014㸧ࠋᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ෆᐜࢆᘬࡁཷࡅ࡚࠸࡞࠸
ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᥇⏝ᇶ‽ࢆ࡝ࡇ࡟⨨ࡃ࠿ࡣ௒ᚋࡢ㆟ㄽ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊṇᘧ࡞㏻ヂカ
⦎ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸࡞࠸஧ゝㄒヰ⪅ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᥦ౪⪅ࡣࠊ㏻ヂ⪅࡟ᩍ⫱࣭カ⦎ࡢᶵ఍ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠸ࡗࡑ࠺㔜せ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ๓㏙ࡢᰴᘧ఍♫ࣈࣜࢵࢡࢫ࡛ࡣࠊ᪂つ᥇⏝⪅࡟ᑐࡋࠊ㏻ヂࡢᇶᮏ࡟㛵ࡍࡿㅮ⩏࡜ࠊᐇ㝿࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢺࣆࢵࢡ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ࣮ࣟࣝࣉ
ࣞ࢖࡞࡝ࡢ₇⩦ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓ♫ෆ◊ಟࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ11 ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ♫ෆ◊ಟࡢ࡯࠿࡟ࡶࠊ
㏻ヂ⪅࣭⩻ヂ⪅㣴ᡂࢫࢡ࣮ࣝࡢ࢔࢖࣭࢚ࢫ࣭࢚ࢫ࣭࢖ࣥࢫࢸ࢕ࢸ࣮ࣗࢺࡀࠊࣛࣥࢤ࣮ࢪ
࣡ࣥᰴᘧ఍♫࠿ࡽㅮᖌࢆ㏄࠼࡚㟁ヰ㏻ヂ࡟㛵ࡍࡿㅮᗙ㸦࢔࢖࣭࢚ࢫ࣭࢚ࢫ࣭࢖ࣥࢫࢸ࢕
ࢸ࣮ࣗࢺ, n.d.㸧ࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ௒ᚋࡣ᪤Ꮡࡢ㏻ヂ⪅࣭⩻ヂ⪅㣴ᡂᶵ㛵࠿ࡽᩍ⫱࣭カ⦎ࡢሙࡀᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶቑ࠼ࡿ࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋᩍ⫱࣭カ⦎ෆᐜࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡣࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡞㏻ヂࢫ࢟ࣝࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ࣏࣮ࣛࣝᙧᡂࡸࢱ࣮ࣥࢸ࢖࢟ࣥࢢ࡞࡝ࠊ㐲㝸㏻ヂ≉᭷ࡢၥ㢟࡟ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿேᮦࡢ⫱ᡂࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ୍ேࡢ㏻ヂ⪅ࡀ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚ᑐᛂࡍࡿ᫬㛫ࡢ㛗ࡉࢆྵࡵࡓປാ᮲௳ࡶ᳨ウࡉࢀࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࢥ࣮ࣝࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᆺ㐲㝸㏻ヂ࡛ࡣࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡟୍ேࡢ㏻ヂ⪅ࡀ୍ࡘࡢ᱌௳࡟ᑐᛂ
ࡍࡿ௙⤌ࡳ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྛ✀᪋タ࣭ᶵ㛵ࡢ❆ཱྀ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑐヰࡣࡑࢀ࡯࡝㛗ࡃ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ
ࡀከ࠸࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ㛗ᘬࡃྍ⬟ᛶࡶྰᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ㐲㝸㏻ヂࡣᑐ㠃ᙧᘧࡼࡾࡶ⑂ࢀࡸࡍ࠸࡜ฟ࡚࠸ࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊẖᅇྠࡌෆᐜ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊᑡࡋ㛗ࡵ࡟㏻ヂ࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊㄳࡅ㈇࠺ෆᐜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶᕥྑࡉࢀࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ᭱኱⥅⥆᫬㛫ࢆ
10 ศ㸦࢔࢖࣭ࢸ࢕࣮࣭࢚ࢵࢡࢫᰴᘧ఍♫, n.d.㸧ࡸ 15 ศ㸦ᰴᘧ఍♫࢖ࣥࢹࣥࢥࣥࢧࣝࢸ࢕
ࣥࢢ, n.d.㸧࡜ไ㝈ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡶ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ᭱኱⥅⥆᫬㛫ࢆᣦᐃࡋ࡚ࠊ୍᪦᥋⥆ࢆษࡿ࡜࠸࠺࣮ࣝࣝࢆタࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓປാ᮲௳ࡢᚭᗏࢆᅗࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ഃ࡛ࡣࠊ஦๓ࡢ᝟ሗඹ᭷ࠊ㞧㡢ࡢ㐽ⶸࢆྵࡵࡓ㏻ヂရ㉁ࡢಖドࠊ⏬㠃ࡸᫎീ
࡞࡝ࡢ㏻ಙෆᐜࡢ᭱㐺໬ࠊ෇⁥࡞ᑐヰ࡟ᚲせ࡞ࢱ࣮ࣥࢸ࢖࢟ࣥࢢࡢ࣮ࣝࣝࡢᵓ⠏࡜ᚭᗏ࡞࡝࡟࠾࠸࡚⌮ゎ࡜༠ຊࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ ࡲࡎࠊ㏻ヂ࡟࠾࠸࡚஦๓࡟⫼ᬒࡸෆᐜࡀඹ᭷ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠸࠿࡟㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡣゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡀࠊゼ᪥እᅜே᪑⾜⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ㐲㝸㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᱌௳ࡣ✺Ⓨⓗ࡟Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከࡃࠊಶู᱌௳࡟㛵ࡍࡿලయⓗ࡞᝟ሗࢆ஦๓࡟ᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞
࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ഃ࡛ࠊ㏻ヂࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ሙ㠃ࢆὙ࠸ฟࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽ࡟௜㝶ࡍࡿ᝟ሗࢆ๓ࡶࡗ࡚㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᥦ౪⪅࡜ඹ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁࡿ㸦Kelly, 2008㸧ࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ

200

ゼ᪥እᅜே᪑⾜⪅ᑐᛂࡢ⮬ື㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡜㐲㝸㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ⌧≧㕲㐨఍♫ࡢሙྜࠊ㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ฼⏝ሙ㠃࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊゼ᪥እᅜே᪑⾜⪅ࡀ┠ⓗᆅ࡜࡞ࡿ㥐ࡲ࡛ࡢ⾜ࡁ᪉ࢆ㥐ಀဨ࡟ᑜࡡࡿ࡜࠸࠺≧ἣࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊ஦๓࡟㊰⥺ᅗࡸ᫬้⾲ࡀඹ᭷ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ฼⏝᫬࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠊⓎヰ⪅ࡢྡ๓ࡸᒓᛶ࣭
㛵ಀᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᝟ሗࢆ᭱ึ࡟ࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࡍࡿ࢖ࣥࢺࣟࢲࢡࢺ࣮࣭ࣜࣉࣟࢺࢥࣝࡢᑟධ࡞࡝ࡶ᳨ウࡢవᆅࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦Hlavac, 2012㸧ࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ㐲㝸㏻ヂ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡣ㏻ಙ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ఏ㐩ࡉࢀࡿ㡢ኌ᝟ሗ࡜どぬ᝟ሗࡢࡳࢆࡶ࡜࡟㏻ヂࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊ㏻ಙရ㉁ࡢಖド࡜㏻ಙෆᐜࡢ᭱㐺໬ࡣ୙ྍḞ࡛
࠶ࡿࠋ㏻ಙရ㉁ࡢಖド࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᢏ⾡ⓗ࡟㏻ಙ⎔ቃࢆᩚ࠼ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ฼⏝ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿ❆ཱྀ࡞࡝ࠊ≉࡟ேࡢ⾜ࡁ᮶ࡢከ࠸ሙᡤ࡛ࠊ࠸࠿࡟㞧㡢ࢆ㐽ⶸࡍࡿ࠿ࡀㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ㏻ಙෆᐜࡢ᭱㐺໬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊどぬ᝟ሗࡢᥦ౪ࡀྍ⬟࡞ሙྜࠊ࣓࢝ࣛࢆ࡝ࡇ࡟タ⨨ࡋࠊఱࢆᫎࡏࡤ㏻ヂ࡟ᚲせ࡞どぬⓗ᝟ሗࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋⓎヰ⪅ࡀ㏻ヂ
⪅࡟ぢ࠼࡚࠸ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡍࡿㄽ⪃ࡣከࡃ㸦Mouzourakis, 2006㸧ࠊࡲࡓ་⒪ሙ㠃࡛ࡣᝈ㒊ࡢどぬ᝟ሗ࡞࡝ࢆồࡵࡿኌࡶ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸦℧⃝࡯࠿ࠊ2009㸧ࠊ≉ᐃࡢሙ㠃࡛ࠊ≉࡟ᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿどぬ᝟ሗࡶ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ㏻ಙᢏ⾡࣭⎔ቃ࡛ࡣࠊ㡢ኌ
᝟ሗ࡜どぬ᝟ሗࢆྠ᫬࡟ఏ㐩ࡍࡿ࡜㈇Ⲵࡀ࠿࠿ࡾ㐣ࡂࠊどぬ᝟ሗࡣ࠾ࢁ࠿ࠊ㡢ኌ᝟ሗࡢఏ㐩ရ㉁ࡶ≛≅࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ 11ࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㏻ಙ⎔ቃࡢ㝈⏺ࡶ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓୖุ࡛᩿
ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊWadensjo (1999) ࡸෆ⸨㸦2013㸧ࡢᣦ᦬ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ⮬↛࡞ࢱ࣮ࣥࢸ࢖࢟ࣥࢢࡀ
ᡂ❧ࡋ࡟ࡃ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊࢱ࣮ࣥࢸ࢖࢟ࣥࢢࡢ࣮ࣝࣝࡢᵓ⠏࡜ᚭᗏࢆᶍ
⣴ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ⌧ᅾࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ㐲㝸㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡛ࡣࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡀ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ࢱ࣮ࣥࢸ࢖࢟ࣥࢢ࡟㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡀከ࠸ࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊᰴᘧ఍♫ࣈࣜࢵࢡࢫ࡛ࡣࠊ㟁ヰ㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿⓎヰ⪅ྠኈࡢ㟁ヰࡢཷࡅΏࡋࡀࠊ㏻ヂ⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᣦ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
11ࠋࠕࢸࣞࣅ de ㏻ヂࠖࡸࠕࢫ࣐࢖ࣝࢥ࣮࡛ࣝࠖࡶࠊⓎヰ⪅ࡀヰࡋ⤊ࢃࡗࡓᚋ࡟ࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡀࠕ࠿ࡋࡇࡲࡾࡲࡋࡓࠖࠕ࠾ఏ࠼ࡋࡲࡍࠖ࡜ࠊḟࡢࢱ࣮ࣥ࡬ࡢ⛣⾜ࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
㸦HansokuTV, 2013; REALGROW1, 2012㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡣࠊ㏻ヂ࡟࠾࠸୍࡚
ே⛠࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ୕ே⛠ࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿഴྥ࡟࠶ࡾ 11㸦ibid.㸧ࠊࡇࢀࡣ㏻ᖖࡢ㏻ヂ⪅ࡢ⫋ົつᐃ࡜┦཯ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏻ヂ⪅ࡀࢱ࣮ࣥࢸ࢖࢟ࣥࢢ࡟࠾࠸࡚✚ᴟⓗ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍࡇ࡜ࡸ
୕ே⛠ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࠾࠾࠸࡟㆟ㄽࡢవᆅࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ௒ᚋࡢ◊✲ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑ࠺ࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ཎᅉࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㐲㝸㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ࡀ㏻ヂࢆ௓ࡋࡓࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟୙័ࢀ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ᩍ⫱ࡶྜࢃࡏ᳨࡚ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࢥࢫࢺ࡜࢔ࢡࢭࢫᛶࠊࡑࡋ࡚┦ᑐⓗ࡞ヂฟရ㉁ࡢ㧗ࡉ࠿ࡽࠊ௒ᚋࢥ࣮
ࣝࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᆺ㐲㝸㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡣࠊゼ᪥እᅜே᪑⾜⪅ࡢᑐᛂ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡲࡍࡲࡍ㔜せᛶࢆᖏࡧ࡚ࡃࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋᐇ㝿࡟ࠊ⌧ᅾከࡃࡢ᪋タ࣭ᶵ㛵࡛ࠊࡇࡢࢥ࣮ࣝࢭࣥࢱ࣮
ᆺ㐲㝸㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢᑟධࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௒ᚋࠊᣑ኱ࡀぢ㎸ࡲࢀࡿ୰ࠊヂฟࡢရ㉁ࢆ࠸࠿࡟ಖド࣭ྥୖࡉࡏࡿ࠿ࡀࠊࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢᑗ᮶ࢆỴࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

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ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘15 ྕ㸦2015㸧

5. ࠾ࢃࡾ࡟ ᮏ✏ࡣࠊ⮬ື㏻ヂ࡜㐲㝸㏻ヂࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࢆ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡗࡓୖ࡛ࠊቑ࠼⥆ࡅࡿゼ᪥እᅜே᪑
⾜⪅࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࠊ⌧ᅾ฼⏝ྍ⬟࡞᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⮬ື㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡜ࢥ࣮ࣝࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᆺ
㐲㝸㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ௦⾲౛ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊ⪃ᐹࢆᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠋ ⮬ື㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡣࠊヂฟࡢရ㉁࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣከࡃࡢㄢ㢟ࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊࢥࢫࢺ
࡜࢔ࢡࢭࢫᛶ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣඃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊእᅜㄒࡢࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢព࿡ࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺⏝㏵࡛ࡣά⏝࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࠕVoiceTraࠖࡸࠕNariTraࠖࡢ౛࡛ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ౑⏝ࡍࡿሙ㠃ࢆ㝈ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊヂฟࡢရ㉁ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊᐇ㝿ࡢ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ࡸ౑⏝౛࡟㛵ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ࠶ࡲࡾධᡭ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊ௒ᚋࡣ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ࡢ≉ᚩࡸලయⓗ࡞౑⏝ሙ㠃ࠊ౑⏝ゝㄒ࡟㛵ࡍࡿศᯒࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ㝈ᐃࡉࢀࡓሙ㠃࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡉࡽ࡞ࡿヂ
ฟࡢရ㉁ྥୖࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓ◊✲㛤Ⓨࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ ୍᪉࡛ࠊࢥ࣮ࣝࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᆺ㐲㝸㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡶࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࢆᖖ㥔ࡉࡏࡿࡼࡾࡣࢥࢫࢺࡀ
పࡃࠊࡑࡢ㒔ᗘᡭ㓄ࡍࡿࡼࡾࡣ࢔ࢡࢭࢫᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࠋヂฟࡢရ㉁࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊே㛫ࡢ㏻ヂ⪅ࢆ౑࠺ࡓࡵࠊ⮬ື㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡼࡾࡣရ㉁ࡀ㧗࠸࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡀࠊ㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᥦ౪⪅ࡢရ㉁࡬ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡜ࠊ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ࡢ⌮ゎ࡜༠ຊ࡟ᕥྑࡉࢀࡿࠋ㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᥦ౪⪅ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡢ᥇⏝ᇶ‽ࡸᩍ⫱࣭カ⦎ࠊປാ᮲௳ࡢタᐃ࡞࡝ࠊ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ഃࡢ
⌮ゎ࡜༠ຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ஦๓ࡢ᝟ሗඹ᭷ࠊ㏻ヂရ㉁ࡢಖドࠊ㏻ಙෆᐜࡢ᭱㐺໬ࠊࢱ࣮ࣥ
ࢸ࢖࢟ࣥࢢࡢ࣮ࣝࣝࡢᵓ⠏࡜ᚭᗏ࡞࡝ࡀࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ2020 ᖺࡢ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࣭ࣃࣛࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࠊ⮬ື㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡜ࢥ࣮ࣝ
ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᆺ㐲㝸㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢᙺ๭ศᢸࡶ᳨ウࡢవᆅࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㠀ᖖ࡟㝈ᐃⓗ࡞᝟ሗࡢఏ
㐩ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿᑐヰ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ⮬ື㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡛ࡶᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ⮬⏤࡞ᑐヰࡢ㏻ヂ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࢥ࣮ࣝࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᆺ㐲㝸㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊ⌧᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡣᡂࡾ❧ࡓ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᕼᑡゝㄒ࡬ࡢᑐᛂࢆᅜᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚࡝࠺ࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࡶ᳨ウㄢ㢟ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢥ࣮ࣝࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᆺ㐲㝸㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡣẸ㛫௻ᴗ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㐠Ⴀࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࡓࡵ࠿ࠊ฼┈ࡢฟ࡟ࡃ࠸ᕼᑡゝㄒ࡬ࡢᑐᛂࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸࡞࠸ࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊ
⮬ື㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡣከゝㄒ໬ࡀẚ㍑ⓗᐜ࡛᫆࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽᕼᑡゝㄒࡢᑐᛂ࡟ᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿ
࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡀࠊᑐヂࢹ࣮ࢱࡀᑡ࡞࠸࡜ヂฟࡢရ㉁ࡀⴠࡕࡿ࡜࠸࠺ഃ㠃ࡶᣢࡘࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣྛࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢෆᐜࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࡓࡀࠊゼ᪥እᅜே᪑⾜⪅࡜᪥ᮏே࡜ࡢ࠶
࠸ࡔࡢᑐヰ㏻ヂ࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࠿ࡽ⪃࠼ࠊ㏻ᖖࡢᑐ㠃ᙧᘧࡢᑐヰ㏻ヂ࡟࠾࠸࡚㏻ヂ⪅ࡀᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᙺ๭ࡶ᫂☜࡟ࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊ⮬ື㏻ヂ࡜㐲㝸㏻ヂࡢྍ⬟ᛶ࡜㝈⏺࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ドࡍࡿᚲせࡶ࠶ࡿࠋᑐヰ㏻ヂ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡣࠕ┦஫⾜Ⅽࡢㄪᩚࠖࠕᩥ໬ⓗ௓ධࠖࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸦Ṋ⏣, 2013㸧ࠊ⮬ື㏻ヂࡣࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡢ௦ࢃࡾ࡜࡞ࡿ
㏻ヂࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᙺ๭ࢆࠊ㉳Ⅼゝㄒࢆ┠ᶆゝㄒ࡟㌿᥮ࡍࡿࡔࡅࡢࠕᑟ⟶࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ๓
ᥦ࡟ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࠕ┦஫⾜Ⅽࡢㄪᩚࠖࡸࠕᩥ໬ⓗ௓ධࠖࡣࡑࡶࡑࡶ㛤Ⓨࡢᑐ㇟⠊ᅖ࡟࡞࠸࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ㐲㝸㏻ヂ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊWadensjo (1999) ࡸෆ⸨㸦2013㸧ࡀᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿࢱ࣮ࣥࢸ࢖࢟ࣥࢢࡢ㞴ࡋࡉ࡞࡝ࡀࠊ㐲㝸࠿ࡽࡢࠕ┦஫⾜Ⅽࡢㄪᩚࠖࡢ㞴ࡋࡉࢆ♧၀ࡋ202

ゼ᪥እᅜே᪑⾜⪅ᑐᛂࡢ⮬ື㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡜㐲㝸㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ⌧≧࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㐲㝸㏻ヂࡀࠊ≉࡟ᩥ໬ⓗせ⣲ࡀ኱ࡁࡃ㛵ࢃࡾࠊຊ㛵ಀࡢᕪࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽ
ࢸ࢕㏻ヂࡢ㡿ᇦ㸦Ỉ㔝࣭ෆ⸨, 2015㸧࡟฼⏝ࡉࢀࡿ㝿࡟ࡶ㔜せ࡞ၥ࠸࠿ࡅ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ ௒ᚋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓㄢ㢟ࢆ᳨ドࡋࠊゎỴ⟇ࢆᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡛ࠊゝㄒ࡟ࡲࡘࢃࡿࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ
ࡶ඘ᐇࡋࠊࡼࡾእᅜேࡀゼࢀࡸࡍ࠸ᅜ࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ࠙トࠚ
1. ᮏ✏࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᪥ᮏㄒヂࡣࠊࡍ࡭࡚➹⪅࡟ࡼࡿࠋ
2. Video remote interpreting ࡣࠊࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜ࡣ㏻ಙᢏ⾡ࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ࠊࢁ࠺⪅࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᡭヰ㏻ヂࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦Alley, 2009㸧ࠋࡓࡔࡋ⌧ᅾࡣࠊ㡢ኌゝㄒࡢ㏻ヂ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸦౛㸸Video Remote Interpreting (VRI) ̽ LanguageUCࠊ
https://www.languageline.com/solutions/video-interpretation/㸧
3. 㐲㝸㏻ヂࡢ࡯࠺ࡀࠊᝈ⪅ࡣࣉࣛ࢖ࣂࢩ࣮ࡀಖㆤࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ឤࡌࡿ࡜࠸࠺◊✲⤖ᯝࡶ࠶ࡿ㸦Gany et al., 2007㸧
4. ADIVICUS ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ࢙࢘ࣈࢧ࢖ࢺ㸸http://www.videoconference-interpreting.net/
5. ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᅜ㐃ࡸ EU ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᐇ㦂ࡣࠊ᪤Ꮡタഛ࡟⏬㠃ࢆ㏣ຍࡋࡓࡔࡅࡢ㐲㝸㏻
ヂ࡟㐺ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㐲㝸㏻ヂ࡟㐺ࡋࡓᶆ‽໬ࡉࢀࡓᑓ㛛タഛࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ᐇ㦂ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡢᣦ᦬ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸦Mouzourakis, 2006㸧ࠋ
6. 㐲㝸་⒪㏻ヂศ⛉఍࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡇࡕࡽࢆཧ↷㸸http://jtta.umin.jp/contents/09_1.html#004
7. iOS ࡸ Android ࡢᦠᖏ➃ᮎ࡟ࡣ㡢ኌධຊࡀ⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ ࢔ࣉࣜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㡢ኌㄆ㆑ᶵ⬟ࢆഛ࠼࡚࠸࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࠊⓎヰᶵ⬟ࢆᦚ㍕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡣ௒ᅇࡢㄪᰝᑐ㇟࡟ධࢀࡿࠋ
8. ࠕ㡢ኌ㏻ヂ ProࠖࡣࠕGoogle ⩻ヂࠖࡢᶵᲔ⩻ヂ࢚ࣥࢪࣥࢆ౑ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜᫂グࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊヂฟ⤖ᯝࢆཧ↷ࡍࡿ࡜ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡟᥎ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
9. ࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢ᝟ሗࡣ App Annie㸦https://www.appannie.com/㸧ࢆཧ↷ࠋ
10. ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢゝㄒ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ㡢ኌㄆ㆑࣭Ⓨヰᶵ⬟ࡀഛࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
11. U-STAR ࡢ࢙࢘ࣈࢧ࢖ࢺ㸸http://www.ustar-consortium.com
12. 2015 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 28 ᪥࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓᰴᘧ఍♫ࣈࣜࢵࢡࢫྜྷᕝ೺୍♫㛗࡬ࡢ࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡼ
ࡾࠋ࠙ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ࠚ
࢔࢖࣭࢚ࢫ࣭࢚ࢫ࣭࢖ࣥࢫࢸ࢕ࢸ࣮ࣗࢺ (n.d.) ࠕ2015 Summer ▷ᮇࢥ࣮ࢫࠖ[Online]
http://www.issnet.co.jp/s15/index.html#pr (July 31, 2015)࢙࢘ࣈࣜ࢜ᰴᘧ఍♫ (n.d.)ࠕWeblio ࡜ࡣ㸽ࠖ[Online]
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203ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘15 ྕ㸦2015㸧᝟ሗ࣭⏘ᴗ♫఍ࢩࢫࢸ࣒㒊఍ (n.d.) ࠕNTT ࢻࢥࣔㅮ₇ᴫせࠖ [Online]
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Ꮫከゝㄒ࣭ከᩥ໬ᩍ⫱◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࠗࢩ࣮ࣜࢬከゝㄒ࣭ከᩥ໬༠ാᐇ㊶◊✲ 16ࠕ┦ㄯ
㏻ヂࠖ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕㏻ヂࡢᙺ๭࡜ᑓ㛛ᛶ࠘(pp. 31-56) [Online]
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ࡳࡍࡎ᭩ᡣ

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ゼ᪥እᅜே᪑⾜⪅ᑐᛂࡢ⮬ື㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡜㐲㝸㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ⌧≧࠙ศᯒᑐ㇟ࡢ⮬ື㏻ヂ࢔ࣉࣜࠚ(Accessed July 31, 2015)࢙࢘ࣈࣜ࢜ᰴᘧ఍♫ (2015) ࢙࢘ࣈࣜ࢜ⱥㄒ⩻ヂ࢔ࣉࣜ (Version 2.4) [Mobile application
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ᰴᘧ఍♫࢚ࢾ㺃ࢸ࢕㺃ࢸ࢕ ࣐࣮ࢣࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ ࢔ࢡࢺ (n.d. ) ከゝㄒ㏻ヂࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ [Online]
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࠙ⴭ⪅⤂௓ࠚ
࣐ࢵࢣࣝࣅ࣮㯞⾰Ꮚ㸦MCKELVEY Maiko㸧❧ᩍ኱Ꮫ඲Ꮫඹ㏻࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛව௵ㅮᖌࠋࣔ
ࣥࢺ࣮ࣞᅜ㝿኱Ꮫ㏻⩻ヂ኱Ꮫ㝔࡛఍㆟㏻ヂಟኈྕྲྀᚓࠋࣇ࣮ࣜࣛࣥࢫ㏻ヂ࣭⩻ヂ⪅ࠋ......................................................

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