䢾ㄽᩥ䣀䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 JAITS᪥ᮏᫎ⏬僔ⱥㄒᏐᖥ僑傰傷僱ヂฟせᅉ僑僊傪僌䢢䯍ไస儻兑償儝僎ど⫈⪅僑╔┠傽僌䯍䢢䢢⠛ཎ᭷Ꮚ䢢䠄❧ᩍ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔␗ᩥ໬䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁◊✲⛉༤ኈㄢ⛬ᚋᮇㄢ⛬䠅In recent years, the demand for English subtitles of Japanese films has increased with theincrease of Japanese films aimed at overseas markets. However, since English subtitles ofJapanese films have not attracted much attention in academic research, only a few
investigations have been conducted regarding the translation and translation process ofEnglish subtitles. This paper intends to explore factors that influence the translation ofEnglish subtitles of Japanese films from the viewpoint of subtitling process and audience. The
analysis of translation of culture-specific items (CISs) of the film Sen to Chihiro no
Kamikakushi reveals that more than half of the CISs in the film are ‘standardized’ in English
subtitles. This can be attributed to the diversity of audiences of English subtitle s, and to theprocess of internationalization in localization model. Further research is needed to see if thistendency is applicable to English subtitles of other Japanese films, and to examine factors in
the target culture that influence the translation of Japanese films.
1. ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
᪥ᮏ࡛ไసࡉࢀࡿᫎ⏬Ꮠᖥ࡟ࡣࠊእᅜᫎ⏬࡟௜ࡅࡽࢀࡿ᪥ᮏㄒᏐᖥࠊ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬࡟௜ࡅࡽࢀࡿእᅜㄒᏐᖥࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ࢔ࢡࢭࢩࣅࣜࢸ࢕㸦accessibility㸧࡟㓄៖ࡋࡓྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢゝㄒෆ⩻ヂ㸦intralingual translation㸧࡛࠶ࡿ⫈ぬ㞀ᐖ⪅⏝Ꮠᖥ㸦SDH㸧1 ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣᫎ⏬⏘ᴗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿⱥㄒࡢඃ఩ᛶ࡟㚷ࡳࠊእᅜㄒᏐᖥࡢ୰࡛ࡶⱥㄒᏐᖥࢆᢅ࠺
ࡀࠊᫎ⏬Ꮠᖥ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᏐᖥ࡜ⱥㄒᏐᖥࡣࠊ࡝ࡕࡽࡶᫎ⏬࡜࠸࠺ከඖⓗ࡞࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࢆ㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡜ࡍࡿど⫈ぬ⩻ヂ㸦Audiovisual translation㸻AVT㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㡢ኌゝㄒ࠿ࡽ᭩グゝㄒ࡬ࡢኚ᥮ࢆక࠺ゝㄒ㛫⩻ヂ㸦interlingual translation㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ᫬㛫࡜✵㛫ࡢไ⣙ࡢࡶ࡜࡛ࡢヂฟ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜㸦Díaz-Cintas & Remael, 2007㸧ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢไ⣙ࢆ஌ࡾ㉺࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᵝࠎ࡞᪉␎ࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜㸦Gottlieb, 1994㸧࡞࡝ࡶඹ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸
SHINOHARA Yuko, “A study of Factors That Affect Translation of English Subtitles of JapaneseFilms: Focusing on Subtitling Process and Audience,” Interpreting and Translation Studies, No. 14,
2014. pages 97-114. © by the Japan Association for Interpreting and Translation Studies

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ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘14 ྕ(2014)ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ┦㐪Ⅼࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏㄒᏐᖥࡀ୺࡟እᅜᫎ⏬ࢆ㚷㈹ࡍࡿ᪥ᮏᅜෆࡢど⫈⪅࡟ྥࡅ࡚ไసࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊⱥㄒᏐᖥࡣᅜෆ࡟࠾࠸࡚㝈ᐃⓗ࡟ど⫈ࡉࢀࡿሙྜࢆ㝖ࡅࡤ 2ࠊ୺࡟᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࢆぢࡿᾏእࡢど⫈⪅࡟ྥࡅ࡚సࡽࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀ
ࡗ࡚ⱥㄒᏐᖥࡀࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡜ࡍࡿど⫈⪅ࡣど⫈ேཱྀつᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃࠊࡑࡢ♫఍ᩥ໬ⓗ⫼ᬒࡶከᵝ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ┠ᶆᩥ໬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣࠊⱥㄒᏐᖥࢆᇶ࡟㔜ヂࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶከ࠸㸦Díaz-Cintas, 2009㸧ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓⅬࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢ
ไసࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟╔┠ࡋࠊไసࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢほᐹࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢヂฟഴྥ࡜ࡑࡢస⏝せᅉࢆ᥈ࡿࠋࡇࡢ┠ⓗࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ஦౛◊✲࡜ࡋ࡚᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࠗ༓࡜༓ᑜࡢ⚄㞃ࡋ࠘࡟࠾ࡅࡿ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲㸦᪥ᮏⓗ᭷ᶆᛶ㸧ࡢヂฟࢆศᯒࡋࠊไసࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡜ヂฟࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᥈ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋไసࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢヂฟࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊᾏ
እ࣐࣮ࢣࢵࢺ࡜࠸࠺ୡ⏺ⓗ࡞ࢥࣥࢸࢡࢫࢺࡸࠊไసࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿཧ୚⪅ࡢ㛵୚ࡀᾋ࠿ࡧୖࡀࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ
ᮏ✏ࡢᵓᡂࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊⱥㄒᏐᖥไస≧ἣࡢ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿኚ໬
࡜ࠊୡ⏺࡟࠾ࡅࡿⱥㄒᏐᖥ୍⯡࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࢆᴫほࡋࡓࡢࡕ࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡢⱥㄒᏐᖥ
ไసࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆᥦ♧ࡋࠊᮏ◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⪃ᐹ࡛㐺⏝ࡍࡿࠕᶆ‽໬㸦standardization㸧ࠖ࡜ࠕᅜ㝿໬㸦internationalization㸧ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿࠋḟ࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࠗ༓࡜༓ᑜࡢ⚄㞃ࡋ࠘ࡢⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࢆᢳฟࡋࡓࡢࡕ࡟ࠊ⩻ヂ᪉␎ 3 ࢆྠᐃࡋࠊヂฟഴྥࢆ᥈ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢไసࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡜ヂฟഴྥ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆࠊᶆ‽໬࡜ᅜ㝿໬ࡢᴫᛕ࡛⪃ᐹࡋࠊ᭱ᚋ࡟௒ᚋࡢ◊✲ㄢ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿࠋ
࡞࠾ࠊࡇࢀ௨㝆ࡣ≉࡟ゝཬࡀ࡞࠸㝈ࡾࠊᮏ◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕⱥㄒᏐᖥࠖ࡜ࡣ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬࡟௜ࡅࡽࢀࡿⱥㄒᏐᖥࢆᣦࡍࡶࡢ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
2. ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿⱥㄒᏐᖥไస
ࢦࢵࢺ࣮ࣜࣈ㸦Gottlieb, 2004, p. 86㸧ࡣᏐᖥ⩻ヂࢆࠕᫎ⏬࣓ࢹ࢕࢔࡟࠾࠸࡚┠ᶆゝㄒ࡜␗࡞ࡿゝㄒ࡛ᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡿ㡢ኌ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆ⩻ヂࡋࠊ1㹼2 ⾜ࡢ᭩グゝㄒ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ
ែ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣜࢪࢼࣝ㡢ኌ࡜ྠᮇࡉࡏ࡚⏬㠃ୖ࡟ᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡶࡢࠖ࡜ᐃ⩏ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢᏐᖥ⩻ヂࡀ᪥ᮏ࡟ᑟධࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣ 1931 ᖺ࡟ୖᫎࡉࢀࡓ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᫎ⏬ࠗࣔࣟࢵࢥ
㸦Morocco㸧࠘㸦ࢫࢱࣥࣂ࣮ࢢ┘╩㸪1930㸧࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸦⏣୰㸪1976II㸪p.216㸧ࠊࡑࢀ௨᮶ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣᏊ౪ྥࡅࡢసရࢆ㝖࠸࡚࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡢእᅜᫎ⏬ࡀᏐᖥ௜ࡁ࡛ୖᫎࡉ
ࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡇࡢഴྥࡣ⌧ᅾࡲ࡛⥆࠸࡚࠸࡚ࠊ2011 ᖺ࡟බ㛤ࡉࢀࡓእᅜᫎ⏬㸦384 ᮏ㸧࡛ࡣࠊᏐᖥ 346 ᮏࠊ྿ࡁ᭰࠼∧ 8 ᮏࠊ྿ࡁ᭰࠼∧᭷ 30 ᮏ㸦♫ᅋἲேእᅜᫎ⏬㍺ධ
㓄⤥༠఍㸧࡜ࠊᏐᖥ࡛ࡢୖᫎࡀᅽಽⓗ࡟ከࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊᖺ㱋ᒙ࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㏆ᖺࡣ྿ࡁ᭰࠼ࢆᮃࡴኌࡀቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿᣦ᦬ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚
3D ୖ࡛ᫎࡣᏐᖥࡀㄞࡳ࡟ࡃ࠸ࡇ࡜ࠊࣁࣜ࢘ࢵࢻసရࡢᫎീษࡾ᭰࠼ࡢࢸ࣏ࣥࡀ㏿ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊᏐᖥࡀぢ࡙ࡽࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡞࡝ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᮅ᪥᪂⪺㸪2012㸧ࠋ࡛ࡣࠊࡶ࠺୍᪉ࡢᏐᖥ࡛࠶ࡿ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡢⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢไస≧ἣࡣ࡝࠺ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ᪥
ᮏㄒᏐᖥ࡜ẚ࡭࡚ⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᝟ሗࡣࡁࢃࡵ࡚ஈࡋࡃࠊᏐᖥࢆ௜ࡅࡓᫎ⏬ࡢ9898᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡢⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿヂฟせᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚

ࢱ࢖ࢺࣝࡸไసᮏᩘࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡢ㍺ฟ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬〇స⪅㐃┕ࡀᖺ㛫ࡢ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡢ㍺ฟᐇ⦼ࢆබ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ᝟ሗࡢ⠊ᅖࡣ㐃┕ຍ┕
4 ♫㸦ᯇ➉ࠊᮾᐆࠊᮾᫎࠊゅᕝ㸧࡜ࡑࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ఍♫ࡀ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬㛵㐃ࡢᶒ฼㸦ᫎ⏬࣭ࢸࣞࣅᫎ⏬ࡢᾏእ㓄⤥ᶒࠊᾏእୖᫎᶒࠊ࣓ࣜ࢖ࢡᶒ࡞࡝㸧ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚ᚓࡓ཰ධ㸦2012
ᖺ㸸5299 ୓ 7000 ࢻࣝ㸧㸦᪥ᮏᫎ⏬〇స⪅㐃┕㈨ᩱ㸧࡟㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊ㏆ᖺ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ⎔ቃࡀኚ໬ࡋࠊࠕ⏕ࡁṧࡾࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚ࠊᾏእ࡟ฟ࡚࠸
ࡃࡇ࡜ࡶ⪃࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㸦᥃ᑿ㸪2009㸪p. 14㸧≧ἣ࡟┤㠃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿
ࡽࠊⱥㄒᏐᖥࢆ௜ࡅࡿ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡣቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
ⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢᏑᅾࡣࠊᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ 1951 ᖺ࡟ࠗ⨶⏕㛛࠘㸦㯮⃝᫂┘╩㸪1950㸧ࡀࣦ࢙ࢿࢳ࢔ᅜ㝿ᫎ⏬⚍࡛ࢢࣛࣥࣉࣜࢆ⋓ᚓࡋࡓ㡭࡟ࡲ࡛㐳ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋྠసရࡢཷ㈹ࢆዎᶵ࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡢᅜ㝿ᫎ⏬⚍࡬ࡢฟရࡀάⓎ໬ࡋࠊ1952 ᖺ࡟ࡣ 3 ࡘࡢᅜ㝿ᫎ⏬⚍࡟᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ 16 ᮏࡀฟရࡉࢀࡓ㸦⏣୰㸪1976IV㸪p. 14㸧ࠋᙜ᫬ࠊࠗ⨶⏕㛛࠘࡟ࡣ࢖ࢱࣜ࢔ㄒࡢᏐᖥࡀ௜ࡅࡽࢀࡓࡀ㸦⏣୰㸪1976III㸪p. 322㸧ࠊ௒᪥࡛ࡣࠕᫎ⏬ࢆୡ⏺
࡟኎ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣⱥㄒࡣᚲ㡲ࡢゝㄒࠖ㸦Palleta, 2012㸧࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊᅜ㝿ᫎ⏬⚍ࡸࣇ࢕࣒࣐࣮ࣝࢣࢵࢺ㸦ᫎ⏬ࡢぢᮏᕷ㸧࡬ࡢฟရ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ⱥㄒᏐᖥࢆ௜ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
せ௳࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏᅾఫࡢⱥㄒᏐᖥ⩻ヂ⪅࢖࢔࣭࣐ࣥࢡࢻ࣮ࢗ࢞ࣝࡣࠊୖᫎࡉ
ࢀࡿ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡢ 9 ๭ࡣⱥヂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜ㄒࡾ㸦⮃ᡤ㸪2011㸧ࠊࡑࡢ⌮⏤࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ  㑥⏬ⱥヂࡉࢀࡓᫎ⏬඲࡚ࡀᾏእ࡛ୖᫎࡉࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᅜ㝿ᫎ⏬⚍࡛ࡢୖᫎࡸࠊᾏእ࡟኎ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆど㔝࡟ධࢀࡓ᫬Ⅼ࡛ⱥヂࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡼࡡࠋࡲࡎ
ⱥㄒᏐᖥࢆධࢀ࡚ࣇ࢕࣒࣐࣮ࣝࢣࢵࢺ࡟ᣢࡗ࡚⾜ࡁࠊࣂ࢖࣮ࣖࡀྛᅜ࡟኎ࡾ㎸ࡳࢆࡋࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ௨ୖ࡟㑥⏬ࡣⱥヂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
㸦ibid. p. 78㸧
ⱥㄒᏐᖥࡀቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ⫼ᬒࡢ୍ࡘ࡟ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡢᅜෆᕷሙࡀཝࡋࡉࢆቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ2006 ᖺࠊ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡣ 21 ᖺࡪࡾ࡟እᅜᫎ⏬ࡢබ㛤ᮏᩘࢆୖᅇࡗࡓ㸦ᾏእᫎ⏬㍺ධ㓄⤥༠఍㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᮏᩘࡀቑ࠼࡚ࡶ཰┈ࡀᛮ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ఙࡧ࡞࠸≧ἣࡢ୰࡛ࠊ
ᫎ⏬఍♫ࡣࠕ⏕ࡁṧࡾసᡓࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ᾏእᒎ㛤ࢆᅗࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡀⱥㄒᏐᖥቑຍࡢせᅉ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᮅ᪥᪂⪺㸪2010 ᖺ 2 ᭶㸧ࠋⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㟂せࡸ㛵ᚰࡢ㧗ࡲࡾࡣࠊ࢙࢘ࣈୖ࡛㛤ദࡉࢀࡿࠕ࢜ࣥࣛ࢖ࣥᏐᖥࢥࣥࢸࢫࢺࠖ
㸦࢔ࣝࢡࠊ᪥ᮏᫎീ⩻ヂ࢔࢝ࢹ࣑࣮ඹദ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᚑ᮶࠿ࡽࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᏐᖥ㒊㛛࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊᩘᖺ๓࡟ⱥㄒᏐᖥ㒊㛛ࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀࡓ 4 ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡶ❚࠼ࡿࠋ
3. 㠀ⱥㄒᫎ⏬ࡢⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢไసࡀቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣ᪥ᮏ࡟㝈ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡛
ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ௒᪥ࠊୡ⏺ⓗ࡟ᾐ㏱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᫎ⏬ࡸࢸࣞࣅࢻ࣐ࣛࡢከࡃࡣࣁࣜ࢘ࢵࢻ〇࡛࠶ࡾࠊⱥㄒࡀ୺ࡓࡿゝㄒ࡛࠶ࡿసရࡀከ࠸㸦Díaz-Cintas, 2009, p. 10; Gottlieb,
9999

ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘14 ྕ(2014)

2009, p. 21㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᫎീసရࡢไసࡣୡ⏺ྛᆅ࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᅜ㝿ᫎ⏬⚍ࡸࣇ࢕࣒࣐࣮ࣝࢣࢵࢺ࡟ࡣࠊⱥㄒ௨እࡢゝㄒࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓసရ㸦㠀ⱥㄒᫎ⏬㸧ࡶከᩘฟရࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ 2014 ᖺࡢ࣋ࣝࣜࣥᫎ⏬⚍࡛ࡣࠊࢥࣥ࣌ࢸ࢕ࢩࣙࣥ㒊㛛࡟㑅ฟࡉࢀࡓ 23 సရࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ㠀ⱥㄒᫎ⏬ࡣ 18 ᮏ㸦࠺ࡕ 3 ᮏࡣⱥㄒࢆྵࡴከゝㄒసရ㸧ࠊⱥㄒᫎ⏬ࡣ 5 ᮏ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Berlinale Journal, 2014, pp. 12-28㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊ2014 ᖺࡢ࢝ࣥࢾ
ᫎ⏬⚍࡛ࡣࠊࢥࣥ࣌ࢸ࢕ࢩࣙࣥ㒊㛛࡟㑅ฟࡉࢀࡓ 18 ᮏࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ㠀ⱥㄒᫎ⏬ࡀ 10 ᮏࠊⱥㄒᫎ⏬ࡀ 8 ᮏ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ 5ࠋ㠀ⱥㄒᫎ⏬ࢆฟရࡍࡿ࡟ࡣⱥㄒᏐᖥࢆ௜ࡅ࡞ࡅࢀ
ࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊࣇ࢕࣒࣐࣮ࣝࢣࢵࢺ࡬ࡢฟရࡢࡓࡵࡢⱥㄒᏐᖥࡶేࡏࡿ࡜ࠊ࠿࡞
ࡾࡢᩘࡢⱥㄒᏐᖥࡀసᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋⱥㄒᩥ⊩ࢆぢࡿ㝈ࡾࠊ㠀ⱥㄒᫎ⏬࡟௜ࡅࡽࢀࡿⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡬ࡢᏛ⾡ⓗ࡞ὀ┠ᗘࡣ㧗࠸࡜ࡣゝ࠼ࡎࠊⱥㄒᏐᖥࢆ
ᢅࡗࡓ◊✲ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊJohn Benjamins Translation Studies Bibliography ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏐᖥ◊✲㸦subtitling㸧ࡢㄽᩥࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋᏐᖥࡢヂฟ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᭱᪂ࡢ◊✲ 10 ᮏ㸦2012 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 2014 ᖺ㸧ࢆぢࡿ࡜ࠊⱥㄒࢆ㉳Ⅼゝㄒ࡜ࡍࡿ஦౛ࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡛ࠊⱥㄒ
ࢆ┠ᶆゝㄒ࡜ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡣ 1 ᮏࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣⱥㄒᏐᖥࢆ┠ᶆࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡜ࡍࡿ
ㄽ⪃ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏐᖥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝㄒⓗࠊグྕⓗࠊ♫఍ⓗ㡿ᇦ࠿ࡽᐇົ㠃࡟࠸ࡓࡿࡲ࡛ヲ⣽࡟グ㏙ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢹ࢕࢔ࢬ㸻ࢩࣥࢱࢫ࡜࣐࢚ࣜࣝ
㸦Díaz-Cintas & Remael, 2007㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ㠀ⱥㄒᫎ⏬ࡢ⩻ヂ࡟㛵ࡍࡿグ㏙ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࠋࢃࡎ࠿࡟ど⫈ぬ⩻ヂ࡟࠾ࡅࡿゝㄒ㸦ᩥ໬㸧㛫ࡢඃ఩ᛶ㸦balance㸧࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ゝཬࡍࡿ୰࡛ࠊ࣐࢖ࢼ࣮࡞ゝㄒ㸦lesser-spoken language㸧ࡢᫎ⏬࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊⱥㄒ࡟ヂࡉࢀࡓࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆᇶ࡟┠ᶆゝㄒࡢᏐᖥࡀไసࡉࢀࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ゐࢀࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ
ࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛ࡣ」㞧࡞ၥ㢟ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ࡜㏙࡭ࡿ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ibid. p. 38㸧ࠋ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢ◊✲࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࠗ࡜࡞ࡾࡢࢺࢺࣟ࠘㸦ᐑᓮ㥴┘╩㸪1988㸧ࡢⱥㄒᏐᖥ㸦஭ୖ㸪1999㸧ࠊࠗ༓࡜༓ᑜࡢ⚄㞃ࡋ࠘㸦ᐑᓮ㥴┘╩㸪2001㸧ࡢⱥㄒ྿ࡁ᭰࠼㸦ᒣ⏣㸪2004㸧ࠊࠗࡓࡑࡀࢀΎර⾨࠘㸦ᒣ⏣ὒḟ┘╩㸪2001㸧ࡢⱥㄒ࣭ࢫ࣌
࢖ࣥㄒᏐᖥ㸦▮⏣㸪2013㸧࡞࡝ࡢㄽ⪃ࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊࡑࡢᩘࡣ㝈ᐃⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ 6ࠋ୍᪉ࠊᾏእ࡛ࡣࣁࢸ࢕࣒࡜࣓࢖ࢯࣥ㸦Hatim & Mason, 1997㸧࡟ࡼࡿⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ
࣏ࣛ࢖ࢺࢿࢫࢆᢅࡗࡓㄽ⪃ࡸࠊࢠࣜࢩࣕᫎ⏬ࡢⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࣏ࣛ࢖ࢺࢿࢫ
㸦Gartzonika & Serban, 2009㸧ࠊྎ‴ᫎ⏬ࡢⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿヂฟ㸦Lu, 2010㸧ࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫᫎ⏬࡜ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥᫎ⏬࡟࠾ࡅࡿⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢ㐪࠸㸦Morris, 2009㸧࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇ
ࢀࡽࡢ◊✲ࡣࠊཎᩥ࡜ⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢࢩࣇࢺࠊ⩻ヂ᪉␎ࠊヂฟഴྥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡀࠊヂฟ࡟స⏝ࡍࡿ♫఍ⓗ࡞せᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㆟ㄽࡀ༑ศ࡟࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣゝ࠸㞴࠸ࠋᫎ⏬Ꮠᖥࡀ⩻ヂ⪅࡜௚ࡢཧ୚⪅࡜ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡢ⏘≀࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜㸦Díaz-Cintas &Remael, 2007; ⠛ཎ㸪2011㸧ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊ┠ᶆࢸࢡࢫࢺࡀไసࡉࢀࡿࡲ࡛ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࠊど⫈⪅ᒙ࡞࡝ࠊ♫఍ⓗ࡞ࢥࣥࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆྵࡵࡓ⪃ᐹࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ✏ࡣࠊⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢไసࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡜ど⫈⪅࡟╔┠ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࠊḟ㡯࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡇࡢ 2 ࡘࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢ≉ᛶࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࠋ

100
100

᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡢⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿヂฟせᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚

4. ⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢ≉ᛶ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬࡟௜ࡅࡽࢀࡿⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢไసࣉࣟࢭࢫࡣࠊసရࠊไస఍♫ࠊไసࢫࢣࢪ
࣮ࣗࣝ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿࡀࠊᴫࡡ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ὶࢀ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

㉳Ⅼᩥ໬ ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬㸦㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺ㸭㉳Ⅼᩥ໬㸧ձ⩻ヂࡉࢀࡿసရࡢ㑅ᐃ㸦ᫎ⏬఍♫㸧ղ⩻ヂࡢⓎὀ㸦ไస఍♫㸧ճヂฟ㸦⩻ヂ⪅㸧   ⱥㄒᏐᖥ㸦┠ᶆࢸࢡࢫࢺ㸧 մಟṇ                  յ ୖᫎ
ᅗ 1. ⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢไసࣉࣟࢭࢫ

ᅗ 1 ࡀ♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬࡟௜ࡅࡽࢀࡿⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢไసࣉࣟࢭࢫ㸦ձ㹼յ㸧࡛ࡣձ㹼մࡲ࡛ࡀ㉳Ⅼᩥ໬㸦᪥ᮏ㸧ࡢ୰࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠋලయⓗ࡟ゝ࠺࡜ࠊ⩻ヂࡉࢀࡿࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ㑅ᐃࠊヂฟࠊᏐᖥࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢಟṇ࡞࡝ࠊ┠ᶆࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢไస࡟㛵ࢃࡿᕤ⛬ࡀࡍ࡭࡚㉳Ⅼᩥ໬ࡢ୰࡛ᐇ⾜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬࡟௜ࡅࡽࢀ
ࡿⱥㄒᏐᖥࡣ㉳Ⅼ୺ᑟ㸦source-driven㸧࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡿ⩻ヂ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀ࡞
ࡐⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢ≉ᛶ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒᏐᖥࡶྵࡵ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿฟ∧⩻ヂࡣ┠ᶆ୺ᑟ㸦target-driven㸧࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡿ⩻ヂࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋሙྜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣᾏእ
ᅾఫࡢ⩻ヂ⪅ࡀ⩻ヂࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛ࡶไసࡢ࢖ࢽࢩ࢔ࢳࣈ
ࢆྲྀࡿࡢࡣ┠ᶆᩥ໬ࡢฟ∧♫࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊࡸࡣࡾ┠ᶆ୺ᑟ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
౛࠼ࡤࠊⱥㄒࡢཎⴭࡀ᪥ᮏ࡛ฟ∧⩻ヂࡉࢀࡿሙྜࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋࡇࡢሙྜࠊ᪥ᮏ
ࡢฟ∧♫㸦┠ᶆᩥ໬㸧ࡀཎⴭࢆ㍺ධࡋࠊ⩻ヂ⪅ࡀヂฟࡋ㸦┠ᶆᩥ໬㸧ࠊ᪥ᮏ㸦┠ᶆᩥ໬㸧࡛⩻ヂ≀ࡀฟ∧ࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ┠ᶆᩥ໬࡟࠾࠸࡚┠ᶆࢸࢡࢫࢺࡀไస
ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ┠ᶆ୺ᑟ࡛⩻ヂࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ๓㏙ࡢ࡜࠾ࡾࠊ᪥ᮏ
ᫎ⏬࡟௜ࡅࡽࢀࡿⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡛ࡣࠊ㉳Ⅼᩥ໬࡟࠾࠸࡚┠ᶆࢸࢡࢫࢺࡀไసࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸
࠺㉳Ⅼ୺ᑟ࡟ࡼࡿ⩻ヂ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢヂฟ࡟ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡀཷᐜࡉࢀ
ࡿᾏእࡢㅖᆅᇦ㸦┠ᶆᩥ໬㸧ࡢ♫఍ⓗࢥࣥࢸࢡࢫࢺࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ᪥ᮏ 㸦㉳Ⅼᩥ໬㸧࡟࠾ࡅࡿไసࣉࣟࢭࢫࡶస⏝ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ไసࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࠿ࡽ⩻ヂࡉࢀࡓⱥㄒᏐᖥࢆᇶ࡟ࡋ࡚௚
ゝㄒࡢᏐᖥࢆసࡿ㔜ヂ㸦indirect / relay translation㸧 7 ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㔜ヂࡣ㉳Ⅼゝㄒࡀ㠀ⱥㄒࡢ࡜ࡁ࡟⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸦Grigaraviciute &101101ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘14 ྕ(2014)

Gottlieb, 1999; Zilberdik, 2004㸧ࠊࡇࡢ࡜ࡁࡢⱥㄒᏐᖥࢆ㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡜┠ᶆࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ୰㛫ࣂ࣮ࢪࣙࣥ࡜ᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᾏእ࣐࣮ࢣࢵࢺࢆど㔝࡟⨨ࡃ࡜ࠊⱥㄒᏐᖥࢆḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ 3 ẁ㝵ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟఩⨨࡙ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡔࠋ
㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺ 1 э ⱥㄒᏐᖥ㸦┠ᶆࢸࢡࢫࢺ 1㸧ⱥㄒᏐᖥ㸦㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺ 2㸧 э ┠ᶆࢸࢡࢫࢺ 2
ᅗ 2. ᾏእ࣐࣮ࢣࢵࢺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢ఩⨨ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊⱥㄒᏐᖥࡀ୰㛫ⓗ఩⨨࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡑࡢヂฟ᪉ἲ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋࠊ┠ᶆࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢヂฟࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ୰㛫ⓗ࡞ヂࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢ஧ࡘ┠ࡢ≉ᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊど⫈⪅ࡢከᵝᛶࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬࡣ᪥ᮏㄒᏐᖥࡢど⫈⪅࡜ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏㄒᏐᖥࡀ୺࡟᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅ࡢど⫈⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊⱥㄒᏐᖥࡣᅜ㝿ᫎ⏬⚍ࡢᑂᰝဨࡸほᐈࠊࣇ࢕ࣝ
࣒࣐࣮ࢣࢵࢺ㸦ᫎ⏬ࡢぢᮏᕷ㸧ࡢࣂ࢖࣮ࣖࠊୡ⏺ྛᆅࡢど⫈⪅࡟ྥࡅ࡚సࡽࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽⱥㄒᏐᖥࡀᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊⱥㄒࢆẕㄒ࡜ࡋ࡞࠸ேࡶྵࡵࡓࠊゝㄒⓗࠊᩥ໬ⓗ࡟ᴟࡵ࡚ከᵝ࡞⫼ᬒࢆᣢࡗࡓど⫈⪅࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣᏐᖥࡢ
ヂฟ࡟ఱࡽ࠿ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ๓㏙ࡋࡓ㔜ヂ࡜࠸࠺⾜Ⅽࡶࠊ㉳Ⅼゝㄒࡶⱥㄒࡶ⌮ゎࡋ࡞࠸ど⫈⪅࡟㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆᒆࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪉⟇࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊど⫈⪅ࡢከᵝᛶࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢ≉ᛶࡢ୍ࡘ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࠊ
㉳Ⅼ୺ᑟࡢ⩻ヂ࠾ࡼࡧど⫈⪅ࡢከᵝᛶ࡜࠸࠺ⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢ≉ᛶࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋḟ㡯࡛ࡣࡇࡢ≉ᛶ࡜ヂฟࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᴫᛕ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿࠋ
5. ᶆ‽໬࡜ᅜ㝿໬ᮏ㡯࡛ࡣࠊⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿヂฟഴྥࢆ᥈ࡿࡓࡵࡢᴫᛕ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕᶆ‽໬㸦standardization㸧ࠖ࠾ࡼࡧ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕᅜ㝿໬㸦internationalization㸧ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿࠋ
5.1 ᶆ‽໬ᶆ‽໬㸦standardization㸧࡟㛵ࡍࡿ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ㄽ⪃࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࢺ࣮࣮ࢗࣜ㸦Toury, 1995㸧࡜࣋࢖࣮࢝㸦Baker, 1993㸪1996㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࢺ࣮࣮ࢗࣜ㸦ibid. pp. 267-274㸧ࡣ⩻ヂࡢࠕἲ๎㸦laws㸧ࠖࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕᶆ‽໬㐍⾜ࡢἲ๎㸦the law of growing standardization㸧ࠖࢆᥦ᱌ࡋࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᶆ‽໬ࢆㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
⩻ヂ࡛ࡣ࢜ࣜࢪࢼ࡛ࣝ⏕㉳ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢸࢡࢫࢺⓗㅖ㛵ಀࡀࡋࡤࡋࡤኚ᭦ࡉࢀࠊ᫬࡟
ࡣ඲ࡃ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ࡯࡝↓どࡉࢀࠊ┠ᶆゝㄒ࠿ࡽᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡿ㸦ࡼࡾ㸧⩦័ⓗ࡞㑅ᢥ⫥ࡀዲࡲࢀࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㸦Toury, 1995, p. 268㸧102102᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡢⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿヂฟせᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚

ᮏ✏࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࢺ࣮࣮ࢗࣜ࡟ࡼࡿࠕᶆ‽໬㸦 standardization㸧ࠖࡢᴫᛕࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࠋᶆ‽໬ࡢᴫᛕࡀ⩻ヂࡢグ㏙ⓗ◊✲㸦Descriptive translation study: DTS㸧ࡢᯟෆ࡛ㄽࡌࡽ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬࡣࢺ࣮࣮ࢗࣜࡀࠊ⮬㌟ࡢ୺ⴭ࡛࠶ࡿ Descriptive translation
studies㸫 and beyond 㸦Toury, 1995㸧ࡢ୰࡛ᶆ‽໬ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡶ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛
࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊࢺ࣮࣮ࢗࣜࡣ♫఍ⓗࢥࣥࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡘࡘᶆ‽໬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌ
࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࠊヂฟ࡟స⏝ࡍࡿ♫఍ⓗࢥࣥࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆ᥈ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗ࡟ྜ⮴ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠕᶆ‽໬㸦standardization㸧ࠖ࡜ఝࡓᴫᛕ࡜ࡋ࡚࣋࢖࣮࢝㸦Baker, 1993㸧ࡢࠕ⩻ヂࡢᬑ㐢ⓗ≉ᛶ㸦translation universals㸧ࠖ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕṇᖖ໬㸦normalization㸧ࠖ㸦Baker, 1996,
pp. 176-177㸧ࡢㄽ⪃ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ࣋࢖࣮࢝ࡢㄽ⪃ࡣࢥ࣮ࣃࢫ࣮࣋ࢫࡢ◊✲࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ♫఍ⓗࢥࣥࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊᵝࠎ࡞ཧ୚⪅ࡀ㛵ࢃࡿⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢヂฟࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ㐺ࡉ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡺ࠼࡟ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࢺ࣮ࢗࣜ
࣮ࡢࠕᶆ‽໬ࠖࡢᴫᛕࢆ᥇⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣᶆ‽໬ࢆࠕἲ๎࡛ࠖࡣ
࡞ࡃࠊ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬࡟௜ࡅࡽࢀࡿⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡜࠸࠺㝈ᐃⓗ࡞ࢥࣥࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿヂฟഴྥ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿࠋࢺ࣮࣮ࢗࣜࡣᶆ‽໬ࢆ⩻ヂࡢࠕἲ๎ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࡣࠕ┠ᶆᩥ໬ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ୰࡛⩻ヂࡀᙅࡃࠊ࿘㎶ⓗ࡞ᆅ఩࡟࠶ࡿ࡜ࡁࠖ
㸦࣐ࣥࢹ࢖㸪2009㸪p. 177㸧࡜࠸࠺᮲௳௜ࡁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᶆ‽໬ࡢᗘྜ࠸࡟ࡶ㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦Kenny, 2001㸧࡜ࡉࢀࡿ࠿ࡽ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢺ࣮࣮ࢗࣜ࡟ࡼࡿᐃ⩏ࢆᏐᖥ⩻ヂ࡟ᙜ࡚ࡣࡵࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊᶆ‽໬࡜ࡣ࢜ࣜࢪࢼࣝࡢྎモࡀᣢࡘゝㄒⓗ≉ᚩࢆᙅࡵࡓࡾࠊᾘࡋཤࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ┠ᶆᩥ໬࡟࠾࠸࡚
㥆ᰁࡳࡢ࠶ࡿ⾲⌧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᏐᖥ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ୍⯡ⓗ࡟Ꮠᖥ⩻ヂࡣࠊ፹యࡢᣢࡘ
ไ⣙࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺࡀᣢࡘせ⣲ࡀኻࢃࢀࡸࡍ࠸ഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ
㸦Díaz-Cintas & Remael, 2007㸧ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡢⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶᶆ‽໬ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
5.2 ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᅜ㝿໬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕᅜ㝿໬ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊ࡞ࡐᅜ
㝿໬ࡀⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢไసࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡜ヂฟࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࠺࠼࡛᭷⏝࡞ࡢ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙
࡭ࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊ⏝ㄒ࠿ࡽㄝ᫂ࡋࡼ࠺ࠋ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡜ᅜ㝿໬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࣮ࣟ࢝
ࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᴗ⏺ᶆ‽༠఍㸦Localization Industry Standards Association, LISA㸧ࡀ௨ୗࡢᐃ⩏ࢆᥦ᱌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
䝻䞊䜹䝸䝊䞊䝅䝵䞁䛸䛿䚸䛒䜛〇ရ䜢䛭䜜䛜౑⏝䛥䜜㈍኎䛥䜜䜛┠ᶆ䝻䜿䞊䝹䠄ᅜ䞉ᆅᇦ䛸ゝㄒ䠅䛻䛸䛳䛶䚸ゝㄒⓗ䛛䛴ᩥ໬ⓗ䛻㐺ษ䛺䜒䛾䛻䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䚹䠄WordPress䠅

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103

ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘14 ྕ(2014)ᅜ㝿໬䛿䚸〇ရ䜢୍⯡໬䛩䜛䝥䝻䝉䝇䛷䚸䛭䜜䛻䜘䜚䚸෌タィ䜢䛩䜛䛣䛸䛺䛟」ᩘ䛾ゝㄒ䞉ᩥ໬ⓗ⩦័䛻ᑐᛂ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䚹ᅜ㝿໬䛿䚸䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䛾タィ䜔〇ရ㛤Ⓨ䚸䛚䜘䜃〇ရ䛾ῧ௜ᩥ᭩సᡂ䛾ẁ㝵䛷⾜䜟䜜䜛䚹䠄ibid.䠅
2 ࡘࡢᐃ⩏࠿ࡽࢃ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡜࠸࠺⏝ㄒࡣࢸࢡࢫࢺࡼࡾࡶ〇ရ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡣ⩻ヂࢆྵࡴሙྜ࡜
ࡑ࠺࡛࡞࠸ሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡔࡀࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣⱥㄒᏐᖥࢆᢅ࠺ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ⩻ヂࢆྵࡴ࣮ࣟ࢝
ࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ⩻ヂࢆྵࡴ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡜ᅜ㝿໬ࡢᕤ⛬ࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᅗᘧ໬࡛ࡁࡿࠋ                          ┠ᶆࢸࢡࢫࢺ 1  ㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺ              ᅜ㝿໬          ┠ᶆࢸࢡࢫࢺ 2                          ┠ᶆࢸࢡࢫࢺ 3  㸦㉳Ⅼゝㄒ㸧    㸦㉳Ⅼゝㄒ㸧     㸦┠ᶆゝㄒ㸧

ᅗ 3.ࠕ⩻ヂ㸩࣮ࣟ࢝ࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖࡢࣔࢹࣝ㸦ࣆ࣒㸪 2010㸪pp. 206-207 ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚➹⪅ࡀసᡂ㸧ࡇࡢᅗࡣࠊ⩻ヂࢆྵࡴ〇ရࢆᾏእ࣐࣮ࢣࢵࢺ࡟ฟࡍሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊ୍᪦㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆ
ᅜ㝿໬ࡋࠊࡑࡢࡢࡕ࡟ᅜ㝿໬ࡉࢀࡓࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆᇶ࡟ྛゝㄒ࡟ヂฟࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠊࠕ⩻ヂ㸩࣮ࣟ࢝ࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖࣔࢹࣝࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡇࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᅜ㝿໬ࡣྛ┠ᶆࢸࢡࢫࢺ
ࡢ⏘ฟࢆᐜ᫆࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ୰㛫ࣂ࣮ࢪࣙࣥ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠊࠕᅜ㝿໬ࡀᩚ࠼ࡤࠊ࣮ࣟ
࢝ࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢసᴗࡣ㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆཧ↷ࡏࡎ࡟ᅜ㝿໬ࣂ࣮ࢪࣙࣥ࠿ࡽ┤᥋⾜࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠖ㸦ࣆ࣒㸪ibid. p. 207㸧ࠋࡇࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡣ๓㏙ࡋࡓᅜ㝿࣐࣮ࢣࢵࢺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢไసࣉࣟࢭࢫ㸦ᅗ 2㸧
࡜ඹ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢྎモĺⱥㄒᏐᖥĺ┠ᶆゝㄒࠊ࡜࠸࠺ὶࢀ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊⱥㄒᏐᖥࢆᅗ 3 ࡢ୰㛫Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿᅜ㝿໬ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟఩⨨࡙ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛
ࡁࠊⱥㄒᏐᖥࡀᅜ㝿໬㸦ྛ┠ᶆࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ⏘ฟࢆᐜ᫆࡟ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ヂฟ㸧ࡉࢀࡓࢸࢡ
ࢫࢺ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺௬ㄝࡀᡂࡾ❧ࡘࠋ࡞࠾ࠊᅗ 3 ࡟࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠕ⩻ヂ㸩࣮ࣟ࢝ࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣࠊᅜ㝿໬ࡣ㉳Ⅼゝㄒ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࠿
ࡽࠊⱥㄒᏐᖥࡣᅜ㝿໬࡟┦ᙜࡋ࡞࠸࡜ࡍࡿぢ᪉ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㉳Ⅼゝㄒ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊᅜ㝿໬ࡉࢀࡓ〇ရ࡜ྠࡌാࡁ㸦ከゝㄒ⩻ヂ࡬ࡢ௰௓ᙺ㸧ࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊⱥㄒᏐᖥࢆᅜ㝿໬ࡉࢀࡓࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ
6. ◊✲᪉ἲ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡢⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿヂฟഴྥࢆ᥈ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࠗ༓࡜༓ᑜࡢ⚄㞃ࡋ࠘ࡢ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡢヂฟ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪉␎ࡀ᥇⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
104104᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡢⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿヂฟせᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚

ศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࡲࡎࡣ௨ୗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᑐ㇟సရࡢ㑅ᢥ⌮⏤࡜ࠊศᯒࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡜࡞ࡿ᪉
␎ศ㢮࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿࠋ
6.1 ᑐ㇟సရ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
ศᯒࡢᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡣࠗ༓࡜༓ᑜࡢ⚄㞃ࡋ㸦Spirited Away㸧࠘㸦ᐑᓮ㥴┘╩㸪
2001㸧㸦US ∧ DVDࠊⱥㄒᏐᖥ௜ࡁ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋྠసရࡣ➨ 52 ᅇ࣋ࣝࣜࣥᅜ㝿ᫎ⏬⚍㔠⇃㈹ࠊ➨ 75 ᅇ࢔࢝ࢹ࣑࣮㛗⦅࢔ࢽ࣓㈹ࢆཷ㈹ࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࠊᾏእ࡛ࡶ㧗࠸ホ౯ࢆᚓࡓసရ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ2002 ᖺ࡟඲⡿ 714 㤋࡛බ㛤ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡟ຍ࠼㸦ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻ࣡
࣮ࢡࢫ㸪2008㸪p. 72㸧ࠊୡ⏺ 74 ᆅᇦ࡛࣮ࣜࣜࢫࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Internet Movie Database:
IMDb㸧 8 ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊከࡃࡢᾏእど⫈⪅࡟ཷᐜࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿసရ࡜⪃࠼ࠊศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ
࡚㑅ᢥࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾ྠసရࡢⱥㄒ྿ࡁ᭰࠼∧ࡣࢹ࢕ࢬࢽ࣮♫࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࢔࣓࡛ࣜ࢝ไస
ࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊⱥㄒᏐᖥࡣࢫࢱࢪ࢜ࢪࣈࣜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᪥ᮏᅜෆ࡛ไసࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ 9ࠋ
6.2 ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡢ㡿ᇦ࡜ⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪉␎ศ㢮
๓㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࡟Ꮠᖥ⩻ヂ࡛ࡣࠊ፹యࡢᣢࡘไ⣙࠿ࡽ㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢᣢࡘ
≉␗ᛶࡀኻࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀᶆ‽໬࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ࡢ
௬ㄝࡢୗ࡟ࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩥ໬ࡢᶆ‽໬࡟╔┠ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬࡟௜ࡅࡽࢀࡓⱥㄒᏐᖥࢆศᯒࡍࡿࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊ⠛ཎ㸦2013㸧ࡢㄽ⪃࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚࣌ࢲ࣮ࢭ
ࣥ㸦Pedersen, 2011㸧ࡢ᪉␎ศ㢮࡟ಟṇࢆຍ࠼ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࠿ࡽⱥㄒ࡬ࡢヂฟ࡟㐺ࡍࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿಟṇ∧ࡢศ㢮ࢆᥦ♧ࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊࡑࡢ᪉␎ศ㢮࡟ᚑࡗ࡚ⱥㄒᏐᖥࢆศᯒࡍ
ࡿ㸦ಟṇ∧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣศᯒࡢ㡯࡛♧ࡍ㸧ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡢヂฟ࡟౑⏝ࡉࢀࡓ᪉␎ࢆྠᐃࡋࡓᚋ࡟ࠊⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᶆ‽໬ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࠋ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡀఱࢆᣦࡍࡢ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࣌ࢲ࣮ࢭࣥ㸦Pedersen, 2011, p. 43㸧ࡣࠕᩥ໬ⓗゝㄒ⾲⌧࡟ࡼࡿゝཬ࡛࠶ࡾࠊゝㄒእࡢᏑᅾ≀ࡸࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡜㛵ಀࡍࡿࡶࡢࠖ࡜ᐃ
⩏ࡋࠊ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡣᗘ㔞⾮ࠊᩱ⌮ࠊᩥᏛ࡞࡝ 12 㡿ᇦ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ◊✲࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࢹ࣮ࣅ࣮ࢬ㸦Davies, 2003, p. 69㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡣࡑࢀ⮬య࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࠕ㉳Ⅼᩥ໬࡜┠ᶆᩥ໬ࡢ㛫࡟⏕ࡌࡿ⾪✺㸦 conflict㸧ࡢ⤖ᯝ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ⏕ ࡌ ࡿ ࠖ㸦 Aixelá, 1996, p. 57) ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࠊࠕ ┤ ほ ⓗ ࡟ ㄆ ㆑ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ㸦intuitively recognizable㸧ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐃ⩏ࢆ㑊ࡅࡿㄽ⪃ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࠕᩥ໬ࡢịᒣࣔࢹࣝࠖ㸦Katan, 2004, p. 43㸧ࡀ♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᩥ໬࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡀᘓ⠏≀ࠊⱁ⾡ရࠊไᗘ࡞࡝⾲㠃ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊෆ㠃໬ࡉࢀࡓ౯್ほࡸつ⠊ព㆑ࢆࡶྵࡴᗈ⩏࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢゝㄒ࣌࢔࡟ඹ㏻ࡢ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ
࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊศᯒ࡟ࡣఱࡽ࠿ࡢᣦ㔪ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾࠊලయⓗ࡞㡿ᇦࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡢほᐹ࡜ᢳฟࢆຓࡅࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࠊ⠛ཎ㸦2013㸧࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࠊ࣌ࢲ࣮ࢭࣥࡀᥦ♧ࡍࡿ 12 㡿ᇦࢆཧ⪃࡟ࡋ࡚ศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࡓࡔࡋேྡ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡍ࡭
࡚ࡢᅛ᭷ྡモࡀ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲࡜ࡣ㝈ࡽ࡞࠸࡜ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࣅ࣮ࢬ㸦Davies, 2003, pp. 71-72㸧
ࡢㄽ⪃࡟ೌ࠸ࠊ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡢ⠊ᅖࢆ⤠ࡾ㎸ࢇ࡛ࠊே≀ࡢᒓᛶࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢࡢࡳࢆ␗ᩥ
105105

ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘14 ྕ(2014)໬せ⣲࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
ศᯒࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡟ࡣࠊࠗ࠾ࡃࡾࡧ࡜࠘࡟࠾ࡅࡿ ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡢศᯒ㸦⠛ཎ㸪2013㸧࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡓ᪉␎ศ㢮㸦Pedersen, 2011㸧ࢆಟṇࡋࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ศ㢮ࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࠋྠㄽᩥ࡛
ࡣ࣌ࢲ࣮ࢭࣥ㸦ibid.㸧ࡢ᪉␎ศ㢮࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄢ㢟ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡍ࡞
ࢃࡕࠊ1㸧㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺ㸦᪥ᮏㄒ㸧ࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲᥦ♧ࡍࡿࠕಖᣢ㸦Retention㸧ࠖࡢ᪉␎ࡀⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡛ࡣ᥇⏝ࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ2㸧ྛ᪉␎㸦ಖᣢࠊヲ㏙ࠊ┤᥋ヂࠊ୍⯡໬ࠊ⨨᥮ࠊ┬␎ࠊබⓗ➼౯㸧ࡢቃ⏺ࡀ᫂☜࡛࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࠊ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢㄢ㢟Ⅼࢆゎᾘࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ኚ᭦ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀࡀࠊ1㸧౑⏝ࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠕಖ
ᣢࠖ࡟᭰࠼࡚ࠊࠕ㡢ヂ㸦Transliteration㸧ࠖࢆᑟධࡍࡿࠊ2㸧ࠕὀ㔘㸦Annotation㸧ࠖ㸦๰స࡟ࡼࡿὀ 㔘ࡢ௜ຍ 㸧 ࡜࠸࠺᪉ ␎ ࢆ᪂ࡓ࡟ຍ࠼ࡿ ࠊ 3㸧ࠕ බⓗ➼౯㸦 Official
equivalence㸧ࠖࢆࠕ⨨᥮㸦Substitution㸧ࠖ࡟ྵࡵࡿࠊࡢ 3 Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢኚ᭦
ࢆຍ࠼࡚సᡂࡋࡓಟṇ∧ࡢ᪉␎ศ㢮࡜ヂฟ౛ࢆ௨ୗ࡟♧ࡍࠋ
1 㡢ヂ㸦Transliteration㸧ⱥㄒ໬ࡉࢀࡓㄒࡶྵࡴ

╔≀ĺkimono

2 ヲ㏙㸦Specification㸧┠ᶆゝㄒ࡟ࡼࡿ᝟ሗࡢ㏣ἲ 㝯 ᑎ ĺHoryuji-ຍ

temple㏲ㄒⓗ࡞ヂඵⓒ୓ࡢ⚄ࡉࡲĺ3┤ ᥋ ヂ 㸦 Direct

8 million gods

translation㸧
4 ୍⯡໬㸦Generalization㸧ྠ୍࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜෆࡢୖ఩

ࡃࡄࡾᡞĺgateㄒ
5 ⨨ࡁ᥮࠼㸦Substitution㸧ࠕබⓗ➼౯ࠖࢆྵࡴ ᗘ⿙ĺtrousers㔞⾮
6 ὀ㔘㸦Annotation㸧๰స࡟ࡼࡿ᝟ሗࡢ㏣ຍ

People

pray

to

them.
7 ┬␎㸦Omission㸧␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡢ๐㝖ࣜࣥࡉࢇĺLin⾲ 1. ⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪉␎ศ㢮㸦 Pedersen㸦 2011㸧ࢆಟṇࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛➹⪅ࡀసᡂ㸧ࡇࡢ⾲࡛ࡣ᪉␎ࡀ 1 ࠿ࡽ 7 ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚ࠊ㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢᣢࡘ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡀపῶࡉࢀࡓヂฟ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ㡢ヂ㸦1㸧ࢆ౑ࡗࡓሙྜࡣ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡀ᭱ࡶಖᣢࡉࢀ
ࡓヂ࡟ࠊ┬␎㸦7㸧ࢆ౑ࡗࡓሙྜࡣ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡀ᏶඲࡟๐㝖ࡉࢀࡓヂ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺
ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୖࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊḟ࡛ࡣࠗ༓࡜༓ᑜࡢ⚄㞃ࡋ࠘࡟࠾ࡅࡿ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡢヂฟ࡟ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ᪉␎ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㢖ᗘ࡛᥇⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆぢ࡚⾜ࡃࠋ
7. ศᯒ
᪥ᮏࡢ࢔ࢽ࣓ᫎ⏬ࠗ༓࡜༓ᑜࡢ⚄㞃ࡋ࠘ࡣࠊ10 ṓࡢᑡዪ༓ᑜࡀ୧ぶ࡜ᘬࡗ㉺ࡋඛࡢᐙ࡟ྥ࠿࠺㏵୰ࠊ୙ᛮ㆟࡞⏫࡟㏞࠸㎸ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠺࡜ࡇࢁ࠿ࡽጞࡲࡿࠋ⏫࡟ධࡗࡓ

106
106

᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡢⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿヂฟせᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚

୧ぶࡣ⏫ࡢ᥅ࢆ◚ࡗࡓࡓࡵ࡟㇜࡟ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࠊ୍ேṧࡉࢀࡓ༓ᑜࡶࠊ⏫ࢆᨭ㓄ࡍࡿ㨱ዪࠊ‫‮‬፠፠㸦ࡺࡤ࣮ࡤ㸧࡟ྡ๓ࢆࠕ༓ࠖ࡜ኚ࠼ࡽࢀࠊ‫‮‬ᒇ࡛ാࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
‫‮‬ᒇ࡛ാࡃ㛫࡟༓ᑜࡣᵝࠎ࡞ᅔ㞴࡟┤㠃ࡍࡿࡀࠊࣜࣥࠊ㔩√㸦࠿ࡲࡌ࠸㸧ࠊ⭉ࢀ⚄ࠊ㢦↓ࡋࠊ㖹፠㸦ࡐ࡟࣮ࡤ㸧ࡽ࡜ࡢฟ఍࠸ࡸࠊࣁࢡ࡜ࡢ཭᝟ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ⏕ࡁࡿຊࢆᡭ
࡟ධࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ෑ㝤ࣇ࢓ࣥࢱࢪ࣮࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢసရࡢୖᫎ᫬㛫ࡣ 125 ศࠊࡑࡢ୰࠿
ࡽ 29 ࡢ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࢆᢳฟࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊศᯒ࡟౑⏝ࡋࡓ US ∧ DVD ࡟ࡣᏐᖥ⩻ヂ⪅ࡢྡ๓ࡣ⾲♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
᭱ึ࡟ࠊᑐ㇟సရ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱ࣮ྡࡢヂฟ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋࠗ༓࡜༓ᑜ
ࡢ⚄㞃ࡋ࠘ࡢ୺࡞࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱ࣮ࡣ 15 య࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ࿧ࡧྡࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡣࠊ༓
ᑜ㸦༓㸧ࠊ࠾∗ࡉࢇࠊ࠾ẕࡉࢇࠊࣁࢡ㸦ࢥࣁࢡࠊࢽࢠࣁ࣑ࣖࢥࣁࢡࢾࢩ㸧ࠊࣜࣥࠊ‫‮‬፠፠ࠊᆓ㸦‫‮‬፠፠ࡢᏊ౪㸧ࠊ㔩√ࠊ㖹፠ࠊ⭉ࢀ⚄㸦ᚚ⭉ࢀᵝ㸧ࠊ㢦↓ࡋࡢ 11 య࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡕ࡞ࡳ࡟ࠊᆓࡣࠕBabyࠖࠊ㢦↓ࡋࡣࠕNo Faceࠖࠊ⭉ࢀ⚄ࡣࠕStink Godࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟┤᥋ヂࡀ᥇⏝ࡉࢀࠊ௚ࡢ࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱ࣮ࡣ Chihiro㸦 Sen㸧ࠊHaku㸦 Kohaku㸧ࠊLinࠊYubabaࠊZenibaࠊKamaji ࡜ࠊ㡢ヂ࡛ᥦ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊே≀ྡ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢே≀ࡢᒓᛶࢆྵពࡍࡿࡶࡢࢆ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲࡜ࡋ࡚ศᯒࡢᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
౛࠼ࡤࠊୖ࡟ᣲࡆࡓ࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱ࣮ࡢ୰࡛ࡣࠊࠕࢽࢠࣁ࣑ࣖࢥࣁࢡࢾࢩࠖ࡜࠸࠺ྡࡀ
᪥ᮏࡢྂ௦ࡢ⚄ࢆ㐃᝿ࡉࡏࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ ࡇࡢྡ๓ࢆ ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲࡜ࡋࡓ㸦ᫎ⏬ࡢ୰࡟ࡶࠊࡇࡢྡ๓ࢆ⪺࠸ࡓ༓ᑜࡀࠕ⚄ࡉࡲࡳࡓ࠸࡞ྡ๓ࡡࠖ࡜ゝ࠺ࢩ࣮ࣥࡀ࠶ࡿ㸧ࠋୖグࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠗ༓࡜༓ᑜࡢ⚄㞃ࡋ࠘࡟࠾ࡅࡿ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࢆᢳฟࡋࠊ㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺࠊ┠ᶆࢸࢡࢫࢺࠊࡑࡋ࡚ヂฟ࡟౑⏝ࡉࢀࡓ᪉␎ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡢࡀ⾲ 3 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋྠࡌࢱ
࢖ࣉࡢヂฟࡀ」ᩘᅇぢࡽࢀࡿሙྜࡣࠊࡑࡢ୰ࡢ 1 ࡘࢆグ㏙ࡋࠊ᥇⏝ࡋࡓ᪉␎ࡢྑ࡟
ࢺ࣮ࢡࣥࡢฟ⌧ᅇᩘࢆグࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊᐇ㝿ࡢⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡛ࡣࣆࣜ࢜ࢻࡣ౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ㉳ Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺ

┠ᶆࢸࢡࢫࢺ⩻ヂ᪉␎࣭ ࡯ࡽࠊ࠶ࢀࡀᑠᏛᰯࡔࡼࠋ

Chihiro, there’s the school.     ୍⯡໬࣭ ▼ࡢ⚆ࠋ⚄ᵝࡢ࠾࠺ࡕࡼࠋ

They’re shrines.

⨨ࡁ᥮࠼

People pray to them.

ὀ㔘࣭ 㔩√ࡉࢇ࡛ࡍ࠿ࠋ

Um, are you Kamaji?

┬␎㸦6㸧࣭ 䝝䜽䛥䜎

Master Haku!

┤᥋ヂ࣭ 㦁ࡂࡀ㟼ࡲࡗࡓࡽ

When things quiet down,  ⿬ࡢࡃࡄࡾᡞ࠿ࡽฟࡽࢀࡿࠋ go out by the back gate.

୍⯡໬࣭ ྑᡭࡢ࠾ᗙᩜ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ Your room is on the right.

୍⯡໬࣭ ඵⓒ୓ࡢ⚄ᵝࡓࡕࡀIt’s a bath house,┤᥋ヂ࣭ ⑂䜜䜢䛔䜔䛧䛻᮶䜛䛚‫‮‬ᒇwhere 8 million gods can┤᥋ヂ  ࡞ࢇࡔࡼࠋ

rest their weary bones.
107107

ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘14 ྕ(2014)࣭ ⭡᥃ࡅࠋ⮬ศ࡛Ὑ࠺ࢇࡔࡼࠋ You wash your own apron!  ⨨ࡁ᥮࠼Trousers!

  ⿙ࠋ࣭ ୍ᅇ⸆‫‮‬ධࢀ࡞ࡁࡷࡔࡵࡔࠋ This tub needs an herbal soak.

⨨ࡁ᥮࠼┤᥋ヂ㸦3㸧

Get a tag from the foreman.

⨨ࡁ᥮࠼㸦4㸧࣭ ᫓᪥ࡉࡲࠋ

For Kasuga sama㡢ヂ࣭ ࣚࣔࢠ‫ࠋࡡࡍ࡛‮‬Oh, ...A fragrant bath coming up.

୍⯡໬  ࡝࠺ࡒࡈࡺࡗࡃࡾࠋ

Relax and enjoy...

࣭ ௒᪥ࡣ୍ᮏࡘࡅࡿ࠿ࡽࡡࠋ

Sake’s on the house, tonight!   ⨨ࡁ᥮࠼+㡢ヂ࣭ 䛚∗䛥䜣䚸䛚ẕ䛥䜣䚸ᕝ䛾

Mommy, Daddy, the River God  ⚄ᵝ࠿ࡽࡶࡽࡗࡓ࠾ࡔࢇࡈ

gave me this cake.

⨨ࡁ᥮࠼Gross, gross, Sen!

⨨ࡁ᥮࠼  ༓ࠊ␒ྎ⾜ࡗ࡚ᮐࡶࡽࡗ࡚ࡁ࡞ࠋࡔࡼࠋ࣭ ࠼ࢇࡀࡕࡻࠋ༓ࠊ࠼ࢇࡀ

Totally gross.

ࡕࡻࠋ࣭ ⚾ࡢᮏᙜࡢྡࡣ

My real name is  ࢽࢠࣁ࣑ࣖࢥࣁࢡࢾࢩࡔ

Nigihayami Kohaku Nushi.

㡢ヂ㸦ࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡟グࡉࢀࡓୗ⥺ࡣᑐ↷⟠ᡤࢆ᫂♧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ➹⪅ࡀຍ࠼ࡓ ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸧
⾲ 2㸬ࠗ༓࡜༓ᑜࡢ⚄㞃ࡋ࠘ࡢ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ヂฟ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⩻ヂ᪉␎ୖࡢࣜࢫࢺ࠿ࡽ ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡢヂฟ࡟᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡓ ⩻ヂ᪉␎ࡢ㞟ィ⤖ᯝࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ㡢ヂ㸸3 ヲ㏙㸸0 ┤᥋ヂ㸸6 ୍⯡໬㸸4 ⨨ࡁ᥮࠼㸸10 ὀ㔘㸸1 ┬␎㸸6ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࢆᇶ࡟ࠊḟ㡯࡛ࡣࠗ༓࡜༓ᑜࡢ⚄㞃ࡋ࠘ࡢⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡢヂฟഴྥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᶆ‽໬࡜ᅜ㝿໬ࡢᴫᛕࢆ⏝࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ8. ⪃ᐹ
๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ᶆ‽໬࡜ࡣࠊ㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺࡀᣢࡘ≉␗ᛶࢆపῶࡋࡓࡾࠊᾘཤࡋࡓࡾ
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ┠ᶆᩥ໬࡟࠾࠸࡚ཷᐜࡉࢀࡸࡍ࠸ࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊศᯒ࡟౑⏝ࡋࡓ᪉␎ࢆࠊ㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢᣢࡘ≉␗ᛶࡢపῶ࡜࠸࠺ᶆ‽໬ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽᤊ࠼࡞࠾ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ㸦᥇⏝ࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓヲ㏙᪉␎ࡣ㝖ࡃ㸧ࠋ
1㸧㡢ヂࡣⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾࠸࡚㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢせ⣲ࡀࡑࡢࡲࡲᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡿ᪉␎࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇ
ࡢ᪉␎ࡢ᥇⏝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺࡀᣢࡘ≉␗ᛶࡣపῶࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
2㸧┤᥋ヂࡢ᪉␎࡛ࡣࠊ㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡣࠕఱࡶ㊊ࡉࢀࡎࠊఱࡶᘬ࠿ࢀ࡞࠸ࠖ
㸦Pedersen, 2011, p. 83㸧ࠋࡺ࠼࡟㉳Ⅼࠊ┠ᶆࠊ࡝ࡕࡽ࡟ࡶ೫ࡽ࡞࠸୰㛫ⓗ࡞ヂฟ࡜࡞ࡾࠊ
108108᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡢⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿヂฟせᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚

㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺࡀ᭷ࡍࡿ≉␗ᛶࡣపῶࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
3㸧୍⯡໬ࡣࠊ㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆྠ୍࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜෆࡢ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ᥦ♧ࡍࡿ᪉␎㸦Pedersen, 2011, p. 85㸧࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺࡀᣢࡘせ⣲ࡢ୍㒊ࡣಖᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ࡃࡄࡾᡞĺgate㸧ࡀࠊ᏶඲࡟ࡣಖᣢࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
4㸧⨨ࡁ᥮࠼᪉␎࡛ࡣࠊ㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢせ⣲ࡀ๐㝖ࡉࢀࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࢪ࣮ࣙࢡ
ࡢ⩻ヂ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ➗࠺࡜࠸࠺ືⓗ➼౯㸦dynamic equivalence㸧㸦Nida, 1964㸧ࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺࡀࡲࡗࡓࡃ␗࡞ࡿࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡟⨨ࡁ᥮࠼ࡽࢀࡿሙྜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑ
ࡢࡓࡵ⨨ࡁ᥮࠼᪉␎࡛ࡣࠊ㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢྵពࡀಖᣢࡉࢀ࡚ࡶゝㄒⓗせ⣲ࡣ๐㝖ࡉࢀࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡔࠋ௒ᅇࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺࡀᣢࡘせ⣲ࢆ୍㒊ಖᣢࡍࡿ⨨ࡁ᥮࠼ࡢࡳࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦⭡᥃ࡅĺapron㸧ࠋ5㸧ὀ㔘࡜ࡣࠊ๰స࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡜㛵㐃ࡍࡿ᪂᝟ሗࢆ௜ࡅຍ࠼ࡿ᪉␎࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
᪂᝟ሗࡀ㏣ຍࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢᣢࡘ≉␗ᛶࡀಖᣢࡉࢀࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠊ
㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢព࿡ࡀࡼࡾ᫂☜໬ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࣇ࢓ࣥࢧࣈ㸦fansubs㸧࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㢌ὀ
㸦headnote㸧㸦Pérez González , 2007, p. 71)࡜ྠࡌᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
6㸧┬␎ࡣ᭱ࡶ┠ᶆᩥ໬ᐤࡾࡢ᪉␎࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ୰ࡢ≉␗ᛶࡣ๐㝖ࡉࢀࡿ㸦Pedersen, 2011, p. 96㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᶆ‽໬ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽྛ᪉␎ࢆぢ┤ࡍ࡜ࠊ᪉␎࡜ᶆ‽໬ࡢ㛵ಀࡀᾋ࠿ࡧୖ
ࡀࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ≉␗ᛶࡀపῶࡉࢀࠊᶆ‽໬ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊ
୍⯡໬ࠊ⨨ࡁ᥮࠼ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ┬␎ࡢ 3 ᪉␎ࡀ᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡓሙྜࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ
ࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ᪉␎ࡢ᥇⏝㢖ᗘࡀ㧗࠸࡯࡝ࠊᶆ‽໬ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿᏐᖥࡶከ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ௒ᅇࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣࠊ3 ᪉␎ࡢ᥇⏝ᅇᩘࡣ 20 ᅇ࡜ࠊ඲᪉␎ࡢ᥇⏝ᅇᩘ㸦30㸧
ࡢ 67㸣㸦ᑠᩘⅬ➨୍఩ᅄᤞ஬ධ㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊᢳฟࡉࢀࡓ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡢヂฟࡢ༙ᩘ௨ୖ࡛ᶆ‽໬ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
࡛ࡣࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᶆ‽໬ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࡢ୍㒊ࢆ஦౛࠿ࡽぢ࡚⾜ࡇ࠺ࠋࡲࡎࠊ
ࠕࣚࣔࢠ‫‮‬ĺfragrant bathࠖ㸦୍⯡໬㸧࡜࠸࠺Ꮠᖥ࡛ࡣࠊ
ࠕfragrantࠖ࡜࠸࠺ㄒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚
ࣚࣔࢠࡀᣢࡘ㤶Ẽᛶࡣಖᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊࣚࣔࢠࡀ᳜≀࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺せ⣲ࡣ๐㝖ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣚࣔࢠ‫ࡲࡲࡢࡑࢆ‮‬ヂฟࡍࡿࡼࡾࡶࠊࣂࣛࡢⰼࡧࡽࡸ
㤶Ỉࢆᾎᵴ࡟ධࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㐃᝿ࡍࡿㄒࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ㐺ษ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡓ⤖ᯝࡢ㑅ᢥ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋḟ࡟ࠊࠕ⭡᥃ࡅĺapronࠖ㸦⨨ࡁ᥮࠼㸧ࡢᏐᖥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⭡᥃ࡅࡢᣢࡘ
ୗ╔࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢព࿡ࡀ๐ࡽࢀࠊ࢚ࣉࣟࣥ࡟⨨ࡁ᥮࠼࡚ヂฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྎモࡢ᫬㛫ࡀ㛗ࡃࠊᩥᏐᩘ࡟వ⿱ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊヲ㏙ࡸὀ㔘࡞࡝ࡢヂฟࡀヨࡳࡽࢀࡓࢣ࣮ࢫ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ
࡞࠸ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࠕ㔩√ࡉࢇ࡛ࡍ࠿ĺUm, are you Kamaji?ࠖ㸦┬␎㸧ࡢᏐᖥ࡟࠶ࡿࡼ࠺
࡟ࠊࡇࡢసရ࡛ࡣࠕ㹼ࡉࢇࠖࡢᩗ⛠ࡣヂฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋⱥㄒᅪ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᩗ⛠ࡀᚲせ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱ࣮ྠኈࡢ఍ヰ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᩗ⛠ࡀ๐㝖ࡉࢀࠊᶆ‽໬ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓ࡜᥎

ࡉࢀࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ
ࠕ㹼ࡉࡲࠖ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠕ᫓᪥ࡉࡲĺKasuga samaࠖ㸦㡢ヂ㸧ࠊࠕࣁࢡࡉࡲĺMaster Hakuࠖ㸦┤᥋ヂ㸧࡜ࠊྠࡌᩗ⛠࡛ࡶ␗࡞ࡿヂฟ࡜࡞ࡗ109109

ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘14 ྕ(2014)࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㑅ᢥ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞せᅉࡀస⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࡣ⯆࿡῝࠸Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᶆ‽໬ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿせᅉࢆࠊ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᅜ㝿໬ࡢᴫᛕࢆ⏝࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋᅜ㝿໬࡜ࡣ⩻ヂࢆྵࡴ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙ
ࣥ࡟࠾࠸࡚┠ᶆࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢヂฟࢆᐜ᫆࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ ୰㛫ࣂ࣮ࢪࣙࣥࢆไసࡍࡿࡇ
࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋᾏእ࣐࣮ࢣࢵࢺࢆ┠ᣦࡍ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊⱥㄒᏐᖥࡣ㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡜᭱⤊ⓗ࡞┠ᶆࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆࡘ࡞ࡄ୰㛫ࣂ࣮ࢪࣙࣥࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᅜ㝿໬࡜఩⨨௜ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋᅜ㝿໬ࡣ」ᩘࡢ┠ᶆࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡬ࡢヂฟࢆᐜ᫆࡟ࡍࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࡓ
ࡵࠊ㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺࡀᣢࡘࠕᆅᇦࡢᕪ␗ࢆ๐ࡂ࠾࡜ࡋࡓࡶࡢࠖ㸦⸨℀㸪2013㸪p. 124㸧࡜࡞ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢᅜ㝿໬࡛࠶ࡿⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿ≉␗ᛶࡸ௚⪅ᛶࢆపῶࡉࡏࡿ ヂฟ࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ㠀ⱥㄒᫎ⏬࡛ࡣⱥㄒᏐᖥࢆ௓ࡋ࡚௚ゝㄒ࡬ࡢ㔜ヂࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ
㸦Díaz-Cintas & Remael, 2007, p. 38㸧ࠊᮏ✏ࡀศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࠗ༓࡜༓ᑜࡢ⚄㞃ࡋ࠘ࡢ US ∧ DVD ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㔜ヂࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋྠ DVD ࡟ࡣ㡢ኌ㑅ᢥ㸦Audio
Options㸧࡜ࡋ࡚ⱥㄒࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓࠊᏐᖥ㸦Captions and Subtitles㸧
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㏻ᖖࡢⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡜⫈ぬ㞀ᐖ⪅⏝ࡢⱥㄒᏐᖥࡀධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㚷㈹࡟࠶ࡓࡗ
࡚᪥ᮏㄒ㡢ኌࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࡓሙྜࠊࢱ࢖ࢺࣝ⏬ീࡣ࢜ࣜࢪࢼࣝࡢࡲࡲࠕ༓࡜༓ᑜࡢ⚄㞃ࡋ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡀࠊⱥㄒ㡢ኌࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࢱ࢖ࢺࣝ⏬ീࡣࠕSpirited Awayࠖ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ ࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒ㡢ኌࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࡓሙྜ࡛ࡶ ࠊࢱ࢖ࢺࣝࡣⱥㄒ㡢ኌࡢ᫬࡜ྠᵝ࡟
ࠕSpirited Awayࠖ࡜⾲♧ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋྠసရࡢࣇࣛࣥࢫᅜෆ࡟࠾ࡅࡿୖᫎ᫬ࡢ
ࢱ࢖ࢺࣝࡣࠕEl Voyage de Chihiroࠖ10 ࡜ࠊ௒ᅇࡢ DVD ࡢࢱ࢖ࢺࣝ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ US ∧ DVD ࡢࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒヂࡣࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟࠾࠸࡚ⱥㄒ࠿ࡽ㔜ヂࡉࢀࡓࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊྠ DVD ࡢⱥㄒᏐᖥ㸦ࡶࡋࡃࡣⱥㄒ྿ࡁ᭰࠼㸧ࡣࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒヂࡢไసࢆ௰௓ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᅜ㝿໬ࣂ࣮ࢪ࡛ࣙࣥ࠶
ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ
9. ⤖ㄒ
ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬࡟࠾ࡅࡿⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢヂฟഴྥࢆ᥈ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࠗ༓࡜
༓ᑜࡢ⚄㞃ࡋ࠘࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡢヂฟ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᪉␎ࢆศᯒࡋࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ᶆ‽໬ࠊᅜ㝿໬ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ⪃ᐹࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲ࡢヂฟ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ᪥
ᮏㄒࢆ㉳Ⅼࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡜ࡍࡿヂฟ࡟㐺ࡋࡓ᪉␎ศ㢮ࢆ᱌ฟࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆศᯒࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡜ࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊྠసရ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢ༙ᩘ௨ୖ࡛
ᶆ‽໬ࡉࢀࡓヂฟࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᶆ‽໬ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ1㸧ⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢど⫈⪅ࡀᣢࡘゝㄒⓗࠊᩥ໬ⓗከᵝᛶࠊ2㸧㉳Ⅼ୺ᑟࡢ⩻ヂ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊไసࣉࣟࢭࢫࡀヂฟ࡟స⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ 3㸧ⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾࠸
࡚ࠊ」ᩘࡢ┠ᶆࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡬ࡢヂฟࢆᐜ᫆࡟ࡍࡿᅜ㝿໬ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡀᣲࡆ
ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᮏ◊✲ࡀศᯒࡢᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࡢࡣ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬㸯సရࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ
110110

᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡢⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿヂฟせᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚

ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࢆࡶࡗ୍࡚⯡໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ௒ᅇᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤖ㄽࡀ௚ࡢస
ရ࡟ࡶ㐺⏝࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᑐ㇟ࢆᗈࡆ࡚ศᯒࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᶆ‽໬ࡀⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡟≉᭷࡞⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶู㏵᳨ドࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ⣬ᖜࡢ㛵ಀୖࠊ✏ࢆᨵࡵࡓ࠸ࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊᮏ◊✲ࡣⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢヂฟ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㉳
Ⅼᩥ໬ഃ࠿ࡽࡢ⪃ᐹ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊⱥㄒᏐᖥࡢヂฟ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿせᅉࡣࠊᏐᖥࡀཷᐜ
ࡉࢀࡿ┠ᶆᩥ໬࡟ࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ┠ᶆᩥ໬࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⪃ᐹࡶᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ......................................................
࠙ⴭ⪅⤂௓ࠚ
⠛ཎ᭷Ꮚ㸦SHINOHARA Yuko㸧 ❧ᩍ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔␗ᩥ໬ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ◊✲⛉༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬ᅾ⡠ࠋࣇ࣮ࣜࣛࣥࢫᏐᖥ⩻ヂ⪅ࠋᑓ㛛ศ㔝ࡣ㏻ヂ⩻ヂᏛ࠾ࡼࡧᏐᖥ⩻ヂ◊✲ࠋ......................................................

࠙トࠚ
1. ⫈ぬ㞀ᐖ⪅⏝Ꮠᖥ㸦SDH㸸subtitling for the deaf and the hard of hearing 㸧࡛ࡣࠊࢭࣜ
ࣇࢆᩥᏐ࡛ᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᙅ⪅࡟ࡣ⪺ࡁྲྀࢀ࡞࠸㡢ኌⓗ≉ᚩࡢㄝ᫂ࡶຍ࠼ࡽ
ࢀࡿࠋ᭱㏆࡛ࡣᢏ⾡ࡢ㐍Ṍ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ㡢ኌㄆ㆑ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟ࡼࡿࣜ࢔ࣝࢱ࢖࣒Ꮠᖥ࠶ࡿ
࠸ࡣࣛ࢖ࣈᏐᖥࡶไసࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Pérez González, 2009, pp. 13-20㸧ࠋ
2. ࠗ ༓࡜༓ᑜ ࡢ ⚄ 㞃 ࡋ ࠘ ࡢ ࢔ ࣓ ࣜ ࢝ ∧ ࡢ ไ స ࡟ ࠿ ࠿ ࢃ ࡗ ࡓ ࢪ ࣙ ࣥ ࣭ ࣛ ࢭ ࢱ ࣮ 㸦 John
Lasseter㸧ࡣࠊྠసရࡢ DVD ࡢෑ㢌࡛ࠊ᮶᪥ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ⱥㄒᏐᖥ௜ࡁࡢྠసရࢆぢ࡚ឤືࡋࡓ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡞࢔࣓ࣜ࢝∧࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ௬ࡢⱥ
ㄒᏐᖥࢆᣦࡍࡶࡢ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊⱥㄒᏐᖥࡣࣉ࣮ࣟࣔࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡶ౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࠗShall we ࢲࣥࢫ㸽࠘࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࣇ࢕࣒࣐࣮ࣝࢣࢵࢺ ࡬ࡢฟရ࡜࢔࣓ࣜ࢝බ㛤࡛ࡣ␗࡞ࡿⱥㄒᏐᖥࡀ౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋ㸦࿘㜵㸪2001㸪p. 20㸧
3. ⩻ヂ᪉␎࡜ࡣࠕヂฟసᴗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿಶูࡢၥ㢟࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪉ἲࠖ࡜ᐃ⩏ࡍࡿ ࠋ㸦⠛ཎ㸪2013㸪p. 84 ࢆཧ↷㸧ࠋ
4. ࢔ࣝࢡ㸦ᰴ㸧ࡼࡾ 2014 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 4 ᪥᝟ሗྲྀᚓࠋ
5.  ➨ 67 ᅇ ࢝ ࣥ ࢾ ᅜ 㝿 ᫎ ⏬ ⚍ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ᝟ ሗ ࡣ ௨ ୗ ࡼ ࡾ ྲྀ ᚓ ࠋ㹙 Online 㹛
http://www.movieplus.jp/fes/cannes2014/nominate/ 㸦2014 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 28 ᪥㸧
http://aw5656.blog.so-net.ne.jp/2014-05-23
6. ࡑࢀ࡜ࡣᑐ↷ⓗ࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ࢔ࢽ࣓㸦anime㸧ࡸࢻ࣐ࣛ࡟ࣇ࢓ࣥࡀ⮬ศࡓࡕ࡛Ꮠᖥࢆࡘ
ࡅࡿࣇ࢓ࣥࢧࣈ㸦fansubs㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢᙧែࡸ≉ᚩ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ᾏእ࡛ᵝࠎ࡞◊✲ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Caffrey, 2009; O’Hagan, 2003; Pérez González, 2007 ࡞࡝㸧ࠋ
7. 㔜ヂ㸦indirect / relay translation㸧ࢆ෌⩻ヂࠊ㛫᥋⩻ヂࠊ⿵ຓ⩻ヂ࡜༊ูࡍࡿㄽ⪃ࡶ
࠶ࡿࠋヲ⣽ࡣ St André (2009, p. 230㸧ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ
8. IMDb ࣮ࣜࣜࢫ᝟ሗࠋ
㹙 Online㹛 http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0245429/releaseinfo 㸦2014

111
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ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘14 ྕ(2014)ᖺ 7 ᭶ 28 ᪥㸧
9. ࢫࢱࢪ࢜ࢪࣈࣜ࡬ࡢྲྀᮦ࡟ࡼࡾ☜ㄆ㸦 2014 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 3 ᪥㸧ࠋ10. IMDb ࣮ࣜࣜࢫ᝟ሗࠋ㹙Online㹛㸦2014 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 29 ᪥㸧࠙ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ࠚ
Aixelá, J. F. (1996). Culture specific items in translation. In R. Alvarez & M. Carmen-Africa
Vidal (Eds.), Translation, Power, Subversion (pp. 52-78). Clevendon: Multilingual
Matters.
Baker, M. (1993). Corpus linguistics and translation studies: implications and applications, In
Baker, M., Francis, G. and Togni-Bonelli, E. (Eds.). Text and Technology: In honour ofJohn Sinclair (pp. 233-250). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
ʊʊʊʊʊ (1996). Corpus-based translation studies: the challenges that lie ahead. In Somers,
H. (Ed.) Terminology, LSP and Translation. Studies in language engineering in honour ofJuan C. Sager (pp. 175-186). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Berlinale Journal. (2014). Internationale Filmfestspiele Berlin. The complete festival
programme. Berlin: Runze & Casper Werbeagentur GmbH.
Caffrey, C. (2009). Relevant abuse? Investigating the effects of an abusive subtitling procedureon the perception of TV anime using eye tracker and questionnaire (Doctoral dissertation).
Retrieved from DORAS.
Díaz-Cintas, J. (2009). Introduction - audiovisual translation: an overview of its potential. In
Díaz Cintas, J. (Ed.), New trends in audiovisual translation (pp. 1-18). Bristol, New York,
Ontario: Multilingual Matters.
Díaz-Cintas, J. & Remael, A. (2007). Audiovisual Translation: Subtitling. Manchester &Kinderhook: St. Jerome.
Gartzonika, O. & Serban, A. (2009). Greek soldiers on the screen: politeness, fluency andaudience design in subtitling. In Díaz-Cintas, J. (Ed.), New Trends in AudiovisualTranslation (pp. 239-250). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Grigaraviciute, I. & Gottlieb, H. (1999). Danish voices, Lithuanian voice-over. The mechanics
of non-synchronous translation. Perspectives - Studies in Translatology, 7 (1), 41-80.
IMDb releaseinfo [Online] http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0245429/releaseinfo 㸦2014 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 28᪥㸧John Benjamins Translation Studies Bibliography. [Online]
https://www.benjamins.com/online/tsb/ 㸦2014 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 28 ᪥㸧Katan, D. (2004). Translating cultures: An introduction for translators, interpreters andmediators. Manchester, UK & Northampton: St. Jerome.
Kenny, D. (2001). Lexis and Creativity in Translation. A corpus-based study. Manchester: St
Jerome.

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Lu, C. (2010). Analysis of English subtitles produced for the Taiwanese movie Cape No. 7(Master’s thesis). Retrieved from AUT Library.
Morris, J. (2009). An investigation into subtitling in French and Spanish heritage cinema(Master’s thesis). Retrieved from eTheses Repository䠊Nida, E. A. (1964). Toward a science of translating. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
O’Hagan, M. (2003). Middle earth poses challenges to Japanese subtitling. [Online]
http://www.translationdirectory.com/article441.htm 㸦2013 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 23 ᪥㸧Palleta,A.

(2012,

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3).

Lost

in translation,

found

in

subtitles.

[Online]http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390444592404578033301429532328.html
㸦2012 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 5 ᪥㸧Pedersen, J. (2011). Subtitling Norms for Television. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John
Benjamins.
Pérez González, L. (2007). Intervention in new amateur subtitling cultures: a multimodal account.
Linguistica Anterpensia. 6, 67-79.
ʊʊʊʊʊʊʊʊ (2009). Audiovisual translation. In Baker, M. & Saldanha, G. (Eds.),
Routledge encyclopedia of translation studies (2nd ed) (pp. 13-20). London & New York:
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St André, J. (2009). Relay. In Baker, M. & Saldanha, G. (Eds.), Routledge encyclopedia oftranslation studies (2nd ed.) (pp. 230-232). London & New York: Routledge.
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John Benjamins.
WordPress.com (2007, September 30). Localization, Globalization, Internationalization andTranslation. [Online] http://l10n.wordpress.com/ 䠄2014 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 16 ᪥䠅Zilberdik, N.J. (2004). Relay translation in subtitling. Perspectives. Studies in Translatology 12(1), 31-55.
ᮅ᪥᪂⪺ Globe㸦2010 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 22 ᪥㸧ࠕ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬࡜࠸࠺࣡ࣥࢲ࣮ࣛࣥࢻࠖ
ᮅ᪥᪂⪺㸦2012 ᖺ 1 ᭶ 16 ᪥ᮅห㸧ࠕὒ⏬ࡌࢃࡾᏐᖥ㞳ࢀࠖࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡࢫ㸦2008㸧㸬ࠗᫎ⏬࣭ᫎീᴗ⏺኱◊✲࠘⏘Ꮫ♫㸬
⸨℀ᩥᏊ㸦┘ಟ࣭⦅ヂ㸧㸦2013㸧ࠗ⩻ヂ◊✲ࡢ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ࠘◊✲♫㸬஭ୖ㐓ර㸦1999㸧ࠕ஭ୖ㐓රࡢࡋࡲࡋࡲ࡟ࡋࡲࡗࡋࡲ㸟㸦2㸧ࢺࢺࣟ࡜ TOTORO ࡟ぢࡿ᪥ᮏ࡜࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ ࣓࢖࡜ࢧࢶ࢟ࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ே㸽ࠖ
ࠗ NEWTYPE࠘1999 ᖺ 2 ᭶ྕ[Online]
http://homepage3.nifty.com/ipinoue/shimashima9902.htm㸦2014 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 16 ᪥㸧ᾏእᫎ⏬㍺ධ㓄⤥༠఍㸦సရ┠㘓㸧. [Online] http://www.gaihai.jp/f_film_list.htm 㸦2014ᖺ 7 ᭶ 10 ᪥㸧᥃ᑿⰋኵ㸦⦅㸧
㸦2009㸧
ࠗ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ࡢᅜ㝿ࣅࢪࢿࢫ㹼ୡ⏺࡛຾ࡘࡓࡵ࡟▱ࡗ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࢥ
ࢺ㹼࠘࢟ࢿ࣐᪪ሗ♫㸬࣐ࣥࢹ࢖, J. (2009) ࠗ⩻ヂᏛධ㛛࠘㸦㫽㣫⋪⨾Ꮚ࣭┘ヂ㸧㸬ࡳࡍࡎ᭩ᡣ㸬[ཎⴭ㸸Munday, J.

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ࠗ㏻ヂ⩻ヂ◊✲࠘14 ྕ(2014)(2008). Introducing Translation Studies. New York: Routledge ].
᪥ᮏᫎ⏬ไస⪅㐃┕㸦2013㸧ࠕᫎ⏬㍺ฟᐇ⦼ 2011ࠖ㸦2013 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 11 ᪥᝟ሗྲྀᚓ㸧.
ࣆ࣒㸪A.㸦 2010㸧ࠗ⩻ヂ⌮ㄽࡢ᥈ồ࠘㸦Ṋ⏣⌃௦Ꮚ࣭ヂ㸧㸬ࡳࡍࡎ᭩ᡣ㸬[ཎⴭ㸸Pym. A, (2010).
Exploring Translation Theories. London & New York: Routledge].
⠛ཎ᭷Ꮚ㸦2011㸧ࠗᫎ⏬Ꮠᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⩻ヂ⾜Ⅽ࠘❧ᩍ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ಟኈㄽᩥ[ᮍห⾜]㸬ʊʊʊ 㸦2013㸧ࠕᫎ⏬ࠗ࠾ࡃࡾࡧ࡜࠘ࡢⱥㄒᏐᖥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ␗ᩥ໬せ⣲㸦᪥ᮏⓗ᭷ᶆᛶ㸧ࡢ ⩻ ヂ ᪉ ␎ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ⪃ ᐹ ࠖࠗ ⩻ ヂ ◊ ✲ ࡬ ࡢ ᣍ ᚅ ࠘ ➨ 9 ྕ[Online]

http://honyakukenkyu.sakura.ne.jp/archive.html㸦2014 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 14 ᪥㸧࿘㜵ṇ⾜㸦2001㸧ࠗࠕShall we ࢲࣥࢫ㸽ࠖ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࢆ⾜ࡃ࠘ᩥ⸤᫓⛅㸬⏣୰⣧୍㑻㸦1976㸧ࠗ᪥ᮏᫎ⏬Ⓨ㐩ྐ࠘୰ኸබㄽ♫㸬▮⏣㝧Ꮚ㸦2013㸧ࠕゝㄒ⾲㇟ᩥ໬࡜⩻ヂ㹼ࠗࡓࡑࡀࢀΎර⾨࠘ⱥㄒ࣭ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥㄒᫎീ⩻ヂࡢグྕᏛⓗ⪃ᐹ㹼ࠖࠗMedia, English and Communication࠘ No.3, 65-78 㡫. [Online]
http://www.james.or.jp/contents/gakkaisi/ 㸦2014 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 20 ᪥㸧ᒣ⏣೺ኴ㑻㸦2004㸧ࠕⱥㄒ∧࢔ࢽ࣓సရ࡟ぢࡿ⩻ヂࡢၥ㢟㸸ࠗ༓࡜༓ᑜࡢ⚄㞃ࡋ࠘ࡢሙྜࠖࠗ┴❧㛗ᓮࢩ࣮࣎ࣝࢺ኱Ꮫᅜ㝿᝟ሗᏛ㒊⣖せ࠘➨ 5 ྕ㸪195-205 㡫㸬⮃ᡤ⨾⣖㸦ᫎ⏬⩻ヂᐙ༠఍࣭⦅㸧㸦2011㸧ࠗᏐᖥ⩻ヂ⪅ࡀ㑅ࡪ࣮࢜ࣝࢱ࢖࣒እᅜᫎ⏬
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ࠗ༓࡜༓ᑜࡢ⚄㞃ࡋ㸦Spirited Away㸧࠘㸦ⱥㄒᏐᖥ∧㸧
㸦2001㸧 ไస㈍኎࣭Buena Vista HomeEntertainment (USA).

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