Vol.17 No.1 July 2014

60 years since the Bravo Hydrogen Bomb test

Robert Jacobs

On March 1, 1954, the United States tested the largest nuclear
weapon that it ever detonated, the Bravo test. The US tested thisimmense weapon in the Marshall Islands, as they had a policy
to never test thermonuclear weapons (H-Bombs) inside thecontinental U.S, and only at its test site located in the MarshallIslands. This was to limit the amount of radioactive fallout thatmight contaminate the United States. Thousands of Marshallese,
U.S. servicemen and Japanese fishermen were exposed toastonishingly high levels of radioactive fallout that spread after
the weapon’s detonation. March 1 st is commemorated every
year in the Republic of the Marshall Islands as “Nuclear Victims
and Survivors Remembrance Day.” This year marked the 60 th
anniversary of the Bravo test and the devastation that it left behind.
I was in the Marshall Islands this year during thecommemoration, conducting a workshop training 3rd generation
hibakusha from Hiroshima, Kazakhstan and the Marshall Islands
in techniques of recording oral testimonies of their elders, and wasable to attend the ceremonies.
Small daily events focused on each of the four atolls worst
affected by the Bravo fallout were held throughout the week
before March 1st. On March 1st itself a large ceremony was heldat the capital building of the Republic of the Marshall Islands.
There were speakers from the contaminated atolls, from Japan,
including Mr. Matashichi Oishi, survivor of the Daigo Fukuryu
Maru, and Mr. Yasuyoshi Komizo the head of the Hiroshima Peace
Culture Foundation. There were also speeches from the Americanambassador to the Marshall Islands Thomas Armbruster and byRose Gottemoeller the Acting Under Secretary for Arms Control andInternational Security of the United States. Both were dismissiveof the responsibility of the US to the Marshallese. Ambassador
Armbruster said that we should not forget the “sacrifice of the few
for the security of the many,” as though being used as a steppingstone for the US nuclear buildup was a great accomplishment.
Under Secretary Gottemoeller spoke about how the US owed it to
the Marshallese to work hard to stop nuclear proliferation. I haveno doubt that the Marshallese would prefer that their atolls be
remediated and the claims of those who lost land, endured sickness
and died, claims awarded in a legal tribunal, be paid, before theywould prefer that the US solidify its possession of nuclear weapons
while insuring other states don’t develop them.
Marshallese President Christopher Loeak, however,followed these speeches with blunt words, “I believe that until all

information is out in the open and the issue of compensation isproperly addressed and resolved, US nuclear testing will remain
a stain on the special US-Marshall Islands relationship, and willcontinue to color the way that Pacific Islanders see US engagementin the region.” President Loeak concluded, “The United States
conducted these nuclear tests not only as an inhumane act, but withreckless disregard of their sacred duty to ensure the protection of
our human rights under the UN Trusteeship Agreement.”
In September of 2012, Dr. Calin Georgescu, the United
Nations Special Rapporteur on the implications for humanrights of the environmentally sound management and disposalof hazardous substances and waste, submitted his report on thelegacy of the nuclear weapon testing program of the United Statesin the Marshall Islands to the Human Rights Council of the UN.
This long overdue report offers a harsh assessment of the historyof American nuclear testing in the Pacific and the subsequent
underplaying of both the health and welfare of the Marshallese, andthe radiological contamination wrought by the 67 nuclear weapon
tests (atmospheric and underwater) conducted there between 1946
and 1958. There is no reason to believe that the United States
government will take Dr. Georgescu’s recommendations any more
seriously than they have taken their responsibilities towards those
whose lives they devastated for the last 60 years.
Soon after the commemoration ceremony the governmentof the Republic of the Marshall Islands took a dramatic step andfiled suit against the nine nuclear weapon armed nations at theInternational Court of Justice in The Hague. The suit claims thatinstead of working in good faith towards disarmament, thesestates are modernizing their nuclear arsenals and endangering thehealth and wellbeing of all of the people in the world. The suitclaims that the nuclear-armed nations are in “flagrant violation”
of international laws and demands that they live up to the tenets of
the Non-Proliferation Treaty, to which all are signatories except for
Israel. The lawsuit demands that the nine nations dismantle their
nuclear weapons.
Steps such as the speech of President Loeak and the lawsuit
filled by the Republic of the Marshall Islands demonstrate theleadership and agency that decades of colonial and postcolonial
rule have attempted to stifle in this Pacific nation, and put theRepublic of the Marshall Islands in a position of moral leadershipfor all who demand a peaceful future worldwide.

Contents

60 years since the Bravo Hydrogen Bomb test
Robert Jacobs … ………………………………………… 1
Public Lecture Series 2013 Reconsideration of Bikini H-bomb Test in 1954… ………………………………………………………………………… 2
Research Forum…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3
International Symposium in 2013: Transmitting the Experiences of Hiroshima & Nagasaki to Future Generations
		
Robert Jacobs & Hitoshi Nagai… ………………… 4-5
HPI Researcher’s Profiles… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6-8
International Symposium on August 2, 2014… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8
Diary………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8s website at http://www.hiroshima-cu.ac.jp/modules/peace_e/index.php
Visit HPI’1

Hiroshima Peace Institute Public Lecture Series 2013

Reconsideration of Bikini H-bomb Test in 1954
At the Hiroshima City Plaza for Town Development through Citizen ExchangeThis year marked 60 years since the Bravo Hydrogen Bombtest was conducted at Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands.
While the Fukuryu Maru (Lucky Dragon) No. 5 and its crew
members are known to have been exposed to radioactive
fallout from the test that took place on March 1, 1954, morethan 1,000 other Japanese fishing boats and their crews werealso exposed to the “ashes of death.” The ashes also fell on
Rongelap and other atolls near the test site, causing serious
health problems among residents.
With the death of Aikichi Kuboyama, the chief radio
operator of Lucky Dragon six months later, and the massdisposal of the ship’s contaminated catch of tuna fish — oneof the most widely consumed seafood in Japan — the incident
triggered a public outcry resulting in a fierce anti-nuclear
movement in Japan. In the United States, which conducted thetest, the incident also resulted in the sharp increase in people’sinterests in radioactive fallout, provoking anti-nuclear public
opinion.
On the other hand, however, a comprehensive understandingof the damages inflicted by the Bravo test has yet to be fully
known. Just as they tried to control information on the damages
in Hiroshima and Nagasaki caused by the atomic bomb, theAmerican government also classified information on thedamages caused by the Bikini test. With the issue of internalexposure still unsolved today, the Tohoku Earthquake occurredon March 11, 2011 resulting in three meltdowns at TEPCO’s
nuclear power plants in Fukushima. We should no longer allow
governments to conceal the truth about nuclear disasters.
In its public lecture series that took place on Feb. 14, 21,
28, March 7 and 14, the Hiroshima Peace Institute reconsidered
the historical facts and the reality of the damages based on
the latest findings, as well as the contemporary meaning andinternational significance of the nuclear disaster caused by the
Bikini test in 1954,
In the first lecture held on Feb. 14, journalist Hiromitsu
Toyosaki spoke on the theme of “Hidden and Forgotten
Hibakusha in the Marshall Islands Born out of the 1954 Bikini
H-bomb Test.”
Mr. Toyosaki, who has interviewed nuclear survivors
all over the world, explained that it was only in 1970 that thedamages caused by American nuclear tests, including the 1954
Bikini test, on the people of the Marshall Islands and theirlife became known to people in Japan. He pointed out that thesentiment among Japanese to perceive the incident of Lucky
Dragon as the third nuclear disaster inflicted on Japanese also
helped hide the impact of the disaster on the people of MarshallIslands. Toyosaki emphasized the importance of learning thishidden and forgotten side and of knowing the reality of nuclear
disaster and damages caused by radioactive exposures now that
60 years have passed.
In the second lecture held on Feb. 21, Masatoshi Yamashita,
Executive Director of Kochi Prefecture Pacific Ocean
Nuclear Test Suffering Support Center spoke on the theme of“Concealed Reality of Crew Members of 1000 Fishing Boats
under the Fallout of Bikini H-bomb Test.”
Mr. Yamashita has surveyed for the last 28 years thesituations and conditions, in which more than 1000 tunafishing boats and cargo carriers were exposed to radioactive
fallout, and conducted a follow-up study of their crew’s healthconditions. He pointed out that the perception that imagines theLucky Dragon as a synonym for the Bikini H-bomb Test has
been formed from an intentional trivialization of history.
He revealed the extent and the length in time of thedamages, from which survivors have been suffering, and how
these facts have been ignored and left unresolved. He alsoemphasized how important it would be to study and present
the problems of fish boat crews who were internally exposed
through radioactive rains and oceanic pollution, to forecast the2

HIROSHIMA RESEARCH NEWS Vol.17 No.1, July 2014

effects of the Fukushima nuclear accident on human bodies andto take measures, based on these studies.
In the third lecture held on Feb. 28, Dr. Hiroko Takahashi,
Assistant Professor at the Hiroshima Peace Institute, spokeon the theme of “Current Academic Works on 1954 Bikini
H-Bomb Test.”
The United States Atomic Energy Commission, which
directed the nuclear tests, also conducted a study on theeffects of radioactive fallout that extended across the globe,
dubbed “Project Sunshine.” The commission made light ofthe effects of radioactive fallout on people who were exposedto the experiments in Bikini in its official announcements,
while it focused its study on the effects of the experimentson the human body. In the lecture, Dr. Takahashi explained
this background and how the problems of the Bikini test were
scarcely studied, as she shed light on the differences between
the official view and the secret study.
In the forth lecture held on March 7, Eriko Maruhama,
Visiting Instructor at Tsuru Bunka University, spoke on thetheme of “Anti-Nuclear Movements Born out of the Lucky
Dragon Incident and March 11, 2011.”
Ms. Maruhama, who has been pursuing the history of thepetition drive movement against atomic and hydrogen bombsthat started in Suginami Ward in Tokyo based on the interviews
and documents, pointed out that Japan-US relations and theintroduction of nuclear power plants into Japan have formed
fundamental elements of postwar Japanese politics.
In her lecture, she examined what the year 1954, in which
the Bikini incident occurred and the petition drives against
nuclear weapons started, represents; in which direction public
opinion was manipulated and how the general public reacted
to these incidents. Ms. Maruhama also explored the meaningof learning from these movements, which heightened after the
Bikini incident, now that we experienced the 3.11.
In the last lecture held on March 14, Dr. Robert Jacobs,
Associate Professor at the Hiroshima Peace Institute, spokeon the theme of “How the Bravo Test Both Changed Nuclear
War Planning and Raised Awareness of the Global Ecosystem.”
Having just returned from the Republic of Marshall Islands,
where he conducted field research and attended the ceremony tomark the 60th anniversary of the H-bomb test at the Bikini Atoll,
Dr. Jacobs emphasized the historical context of the incident.
He explained how the Bravo test, the first of a deliverable
thermonuclear weapon and which killed someone locatedover 100 km away from radiation exposure, led to several
contradictory outcomes. While US nuclear war strategists
and planners hoped to utilize the radiological fallout as theprimary tool in planning to use nuclear weapons in warfare,people all over the world came to understand the singular andholistic nature of the ecosystem of the Earth in response to the
movement of the radiological contamination from the Bravo test.
(By Hiroko Takahashi)

Research
Forum
North Korean Nuclear Development and the UN Response
The Hiroshima Peace Institute (HPI) held an HPI Research
Forum on December 13, 2013, at the Satellite Campus
in Otemachi, Hiroshima. Masahiko Asada, Professor ofInternational Law, School of Government of Kyoto University,
who is currently President of the Japan Association of
Disarmament Studies, spoke on the theme of “North Korean
Nuclear Development and the UN Response.”
It has been more than 20 years since North Korea was
first suspected of developing nuclear weapons. There havebeen U.S.-North Korea talks and six-party talks held off andon since then; however, the Democratic People’s Republic ofKorea has not given up its development of nuclear weapons.
In response, the United Nations imposed economic sanctions,as a last resort, against the country in 2006 and beyond.
In his lecture, Prof. Asada explained the historicalbackground of the issue, and discussed in detail various
problems regarding the U.N. sanctions against DPRK, basedon his experience working as the chairman of the U.N. Panelof Experts on North Korea for a year after it was establishedin 2009 in New York by a U.N. Security Council Resolution.
(By Gen Kikkawa)

Current Situation in the Middle East: Perspectives from Peace Study
The Hiroshima Peace Institute held an HPI Research Forumon January 22, 2014, at the Satellite Campus in Otemachi,
Hiroshima, which was cohosted by Chugoku-Shikoku Area
Division of Japan Association of Peace Study.
Hisae Nakanishi, Professor of Graduate School of Global
Studies at Doshisha University, opened the lecture by speaking
on the theme of “Conflict Mitigation and Democratizationin the Middle East: Special Focus on Syria’s Crisis and theProgress in Iran’s Nuclear Negotiations.” In her lecture, Dr.
Nakanishi said that the democratic movements after the ArabSpring resulted in many problems in Egypt and other Arabcountries. She pointed out that the only positive developmentthat has taken place in terms of conflict prevention in the

Middle East, while America’s influence in the region has
decreased, is the nuclear negotiation between Nuclear Weapon
States — U. S., Britain, France, China and Russia — and Iran.
“In the backdrop of this move,” Dr. Nakanishi said, “isan expectation for Iran’s influence over Syria to put the Syrian
conflict to rest.” She discussed various measures for conflict
prevention in the Middle East, based on her knowledge on thestatus quo of Syria and other countries in the area, which has
not been destribed in the media.
The second half of the day’s forum was then taken overby Masaki Uno, Professor of International Studies, Hiroshima
City University, who spoke on the theme of “Rethinking the
Syria’s War.” As an expert in Middle East issues, Prof. Uno
explained the historical background of the current conflict in
Syria. He described the current condition in the country as“complicated,” saying that “the prolonged conflict turned theoriginal democratic and anti-authoritarianism movement into
religious conflicts, inviting military interventions by Islamicand Shia groups...... It is important that we explore how weshould face the issue as an individual,” Prof. Uno said.
Both lectures were about up to date studies, whichenabled us to learn about the complicated situation and its
background in Syria especially at a time when most of thenews coverage on the country originates from the Western
media, providing us with only a one-sided point of view. The
two lecturers made important contributions in taking measures
for a peaceful resolution without military interventions.
(By Hiroko Takahashi)s website at http://www.hiroshima-cu.ac.jp/modules/peace_e/index.php
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International Symposium in 2013:

Transmitting the Experiences ofHiroshima & Nagasaki to Future Generations
Robert Jacobs & Hitoshi Nagai
Introduction
For 68 years the hibakusha of Hiroshima & Nagasaki haveborne witness to the world about the horrors of suffering
an attack by nuclear weapons. But as those who directly
experienced this horror age and the hibakusha generation
passes on, how will we be able to maintain this history andteach future generations? When the people of Japan, and of
the world, are unable to hear testimony from the survivorsof Hiroshima & Nagasaki in person, how will they truly
understand these unimaginable horrors? How will they learn
the lessons of Hiroshima & Nagasaki?
Those working to maintain the memory of the Holocaust
and mass killings face the same dilemma, as the generationof survivors also will soon pass. The challenge of effectively
communicating the history and lessons of these historicaltragedies once those who experienced them are gone isvery difficult. What strategies can hold back the historicalforgetfulness that comes with the passage of time and transmit
the histories of these tragedies to the future? To explore
these ideas, and to work towards a world free from war andnuclear weapons, we held a discussion bringing together bothpractitioners and scholars working on Hiroshima & Nagasaki,
and also Auschwitz, Cambodia and Rwanda, all communities
that have suffered historical tragedies.
In this symposium, we first received an overview andglobal perspective on this issue from keynote speaker Prof.
Atsuko Hayakawa and then heard from three practitioners
working in communities that have experienced genocides.
Speakers from Hiroshima and Nagasaki helped to complete
our understanding of the dynamics of maintaining community
memory after suffering historical trauma. This was followed
by a question and answer session in which panelists andaudience members participated.

1. Keynote Speech by Professor Hayakawa
The symposium started with the keynote speech, “Memories
for the Future: The New Horizon Explored through History,”
by Atsuko Hayakawa, Professor at Tsuda Women’s College.
Prof. Hayakawa introduced Eva Hoffman and her work, After
Such Knowledge. It was only after the war that the causesof the Holocaust were fully understood and the historicalbackground revealed to the world through numerous records
and witnesses that had been discovered after deliberate
research and examination. As such, the unfulfilled desires
and desperate longings of the atomic-bombed victims of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki would be heard and recognized in

4

HIROSHIMA RESEARCH NEWS Vol.17 No.1, July 2014

the truest sense of the meaning by those who come after –in order to understand not only the memory of the past but
also to shape the future. If the knowledge of the past could
be turned into a legacy of wisdom, historical facts could behumanized by the legacy of those people’s determination,passed down through generations. Whether memories canlive on or not depends on how the sense of relationship is
consciously maintained through the generations. She stressedthat the following generation should be responsible forturning the knowledge of the horrible past into something
more constructive, incorporated with “wisdom” towards the
future. Unfortunately, Prof. Hayakawa was not able to join the
symposium because of her illness although she had prepared
her script in early October. We deeply regretted that she could
not join us. On behalf of Prof. Hayakawa, Ms. Yoko Tamada,MC, kindly read out her prepared speech.

2. Practitioners’ Perspective
Mr. Kamuronsi’s Presentation

Mr. Yves Kamuronsi was 13 years old when he experienced
genocide in Rwanda in 1994. For the last ten years he has
been working at the Kigali Genocide Memorial Centre, in thecapital of Rwanda, where he is currently the Deputy Director.
Mr. Kamuronsi spoke on the topic of, “Memory Preservationand the Process of Recovery after Genocide in Rwanda.” Mr.
Kamuronsi talked about how the genocide in Rwanda wasshaped by the short time it took to happen, only about 100
days. Being the most recent community trauma examined in
the symposium, Mr. Kamuronsi also described how many ofthe education and outreach efforts have just recently begun
or are being designed. He talked about the work to map anddetail the history of the genocide, to document and remember
the victims of the genocide, and the establishment of avigorous educational program. The educational program pays
attention both to the visits to the museum by foreigners andschool groups, and also the need to send mobile exhibitions
out to smaller towns to visit schools throughout Rwanda.
Mr. Nakatani’s Presentation

Mr. Takeshi Nakatani, a licensed guide of the Memorial andMuseum Auschwitz-Birkenau in Poland, presented his paper,“Passing the Stories of the Holocaust to Future Generations.”
He began with a series of slides and explained what happenedin Auschwitz and then introduced the museum, which was
founded in 1947. According to him, the number of annual

visitors is approaching 1.5 million. In the past,
many survivors served as guides at the museum,
but nowadays, none of the more than 300 guides
have direct experience of the war. Today, with
its population aging due to the low birthrate,
coexisting with immigrants is a large challenge
for European nations. Mr. Nakatani stressed theimportance of looking historically to anticipate
potential outcomes under such conditions. The
people of the EU believe that the first step
towards preventing a recurrence of genocide,epitomized by the holocaust, involves educationand the development of a shared sentimentfor confronting prejudice and discrimination.
Educational professionals within the EU gather
to facilitate the handing down of history to thenext generation. Mr. Nakatani said the Japanese also mightlearn important lessons from the experience of Europe.
Mr. Chey’s Presentation

Mr. Sophearum Chey is the Vice Chief of the Tuol Sleng
Genocide Museum in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Mr. Chey
spoke on the topic of “The Activities of the Tuol Sleng
Genocide Museum Aimed Towards the Next Generation.” Mr.
Chey talked about the specific site of the Tuol Sleng Genocide
Museum, which had been a site of detention, interrogation,
torture and murder during the years it was operated by the
Khmer Rouge. The site has been preserved to give visitorsa sense of the grim history that occurred in these buildings.
Exhibitions have been established throughout the site so thatthe broader history of the genocide can be told. Here arelocated photographs and other information about specificvictims of the Cambodian genocide. Mr. Chey detailed how,much like at the Kigali Genocide Memorial Centre, it was felt
to be very important to create mobile museum exhibitions thatcan visit schools and communities remote from the national
capital so that the history is told throughout the land and notjust at the centers of culture and commerce.

3. Hiroshima-Nagasaki’ Perspective
After hearing an overview of memory issues facing communities,
and having heard from practitioners working in three different
communities that had experienced mass historical trauma,
the audience then heard from a number of local voices from
Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Mr. Kenji Shiga, the President of theHiroshima Peace Memorial Museum commented on how the
work of the museums based in all of these community’s sites
was critical to the maintenance of community memory.
Mr. Akira Tashiro, Executive Director of Hiroshima PeaceMedia Center of the Chugoku Shimbun, introduced several of
the paper’s junior writers, Mr. Kantaro Matsuo, a third graderin junior high school, and Ms. Yumi Kimura, a high school
sophomore. Mr. Matsuo and Ms. Kimura spoke about how
studying and practicing “peace journalism” had changed themand their understanding of peace in the modern world.
Prof. Keiko Nakamura of Research Center for Nuclear
Weapons Abolition (RECNA), Nagasaki University, as Mr.
Tashiro, took the opportunity to introduce the audience toa young person working in the community right now. She
introduced Ms. Anna Shimoda, an undergraduate student at the
University of Nagasaki who has participated in the Nagasaki
Youth Delegation. Both Prof. Nakamura and Ms. Shimoda
spoke of the activities of the Nagasaki Youth Delegationsuch as their participation in the preparatory meeting for the
Nuclear Non-prolification Treaty (NPT) Review Conference.
Prof. Kazumi Mizumoto from the Hiroshima Peace
Institute talked about the work based in linkages between thepeople of Hiroshima and the people of Cambodia. During
the last ten years, under the auspices of Hiroshima Prefecture
and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Prof.
Mizumoto has participated in a project to build schools andfacilitate educational opportunities for young Cambodians.

4. Panel Discussion
This was followed by a question and answer session that
presented very engaging questions from the audience. It
was unfortunate that there was not sufficient time to havespeakers respond to more audience questions. In the Panel
Discussion, the panelists discussed the countermeasure ofeach country towards the discrimination and prejudice thatare the background to the enmity and hatred. The panelists
also discussed the transmission of the memory of these tragic
histories to the next generation, and the roles of educational
outreach programs that some of the speakers had described intheir earlier remarks.

Conclusion
While it is true, as Prof. Hayakawa pointed out, that
Hiroshima, Auschwitz, and even Cambodia and Kigali, belong
to the world as a whole, in these living communities it has
always been essential to hear the stories of those who lived
through these tragedies, who experienced this horror, to truly
understand what happened. As time moves forward and thegeneration that experienced these historical traumas ages, thework of maintaining and transmitting this history to future
generations will only become increasingly important. For this
symposium, over 430 members of the Hiroshima community
came together to listen to, and converse with, the speakers
at this International Symposium, to build a more conscious
future in these communities.

s website at http://www.hiroshima-cu.ac.jp/modules/peace_e/index.php
Visit HPI’

5

Gen Kikkawa, Ph.D. President of
HPI. Professor ofinternational relations and peace studies. Specializes ininternational security studies. He wasa research fellow
at the University of Toronto (1986-87) and at the LSE(1992-93). Major publications: Soren Bloc no Houkai(The Collpase of the Soviet Bloc),
Tokyo: Yuishindou,
1992; Yoroppa Anzenhoshou Kyo
uryokukaigi (CSCE)(Th e Con fere nce on Sec urit y
and Coo per atio nin Eur ope : CSC E), Tok yo: Sanreis hob ou, 199 4;
Kokusai Annzennhoshou Ron (International
Sec urity Stu dies ), Min zoku jiket su
no Hat eni (Aft er
Nat iona l Self -de term inat ion) , Tokyo, Yuu shin do.
Mon ogra phs : “Ea st Asia n Inte rnat
iona l Sec urity ina Dilemma: Why is Asia against
Democratic Peaceand Security?” Wiener Blätter zur
Friedensforschung,
September/3/2006, No.128; “Japan and East Timor:
Changes and Development of Jap
an’s Security Policy
and the Roa d to Eas t Tim or,” Japane se Stu dies ,Vol.27, No.3, December 2007; “Go
od Governanceand the Cha llen ge of Asi a,” W
iene r Blä tter zur
Friedensforschung, September/3/20
10, No.144.

t and a Professor
Kazumi Mizumoto is Vice Presideno University in
Toky
from
d
at HPI. After he graduate, a newspaper
bun
Shim
hi
Asa
the
for
ked
1981, he wor
he earned anhi,Asa
in Japan. While he was at theof Law and
ool
Sch
r
che
Flet
M.A.L.D. degree at thewas late r
and
9
198
in
ty
ersi
Univ
s
Tuft
Dip lom acy,
eles from
Ang
Los
to
assigned as a correspondenta Peace
shim
Hiro
the
d
joine
he
1995 to1997. In 1998,
ointedapp
and wasInstitute as an Associate Professor
arch
rese
His
0.
201
in
t
as Professor and Vice Presiden
es
issu
and
t
men
rma
disa
lear
inte rest s incl ude nuc
in
bs
bom
ato mic
rela ted to the dro ppi ng of the
:
des
inclu
ion
licat
pub
Hiroshima and Nagasaki. His
a
iruk
Dek
u
zets
Hai
ha
u
Kak
Kaz umi Miz umo to,ieve d? ), Kyo to:(Ca n Nuc lear Abo litio n be Acha Peace Instituteshim
Horitsubunkasha, 2009; Hiro21st Century: A
the
in
t
men
rma
(ed.); Nuclear Disa
Horitsubunkasha,
Message from Hiroshima, Kyoto:
2002 and others.

Nar aya nan Gan esa n is a Pro fessor at HPI . He
specializes in the comparative polit
ics and internationalrela tion s of Sou thea st Asia witha rese arch focu s
on Indo nes ia, Mal ays ia, Mya nmar, Sing apo re andThailand. He regularly undertakes
field research in
Sou thea st Asia and esp ecia lly in
Mya nma r. Sinc e
201 2 he has bee n invo lved in train
ing the ethn ic
ceasefire groups and more recently
the Myanmar civil
service through a German training
grant. Prior to hiscurrent appointment at HPI in 2004
he served as Senior
Lec ture r in poli tica l scie nce andSou thea st Asia nStudies at the National Universityof Singapore from1990 to 2003. His most recent
major publications
include State Violence in East Asia
(Co-edited withSun g Chu ll Kim ) (Lex ingt on: Univers ity Pre ss of
Kentucky, 2013) and Conjunctures
and Continuities inSoutheast Asian Politics (Editor) (Singapore: Institute ofSoutheast Asian Studies, 2013). Hisfavorite hobbies
are deep-sea fishing, vegetable gardening and cooking.
6

HIROSHIMA RESEARCH NEWS Vol.17 No.1, July 2014

ce
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e
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i
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Profiles

Makiko Takemoto is an Assistant Professor at HPI.
Bor n in Ibar aki. She stud ied hist
ory and poli tica lscie nce and rece ived her doc tora
te at Car l vonOssietzky University Oldenburg inGermany (Dr. rer.
pol.). She has served as a research
associate at the
Cen ter for Hist oric al Stu dies in
Sen shu Univ ersi ty
in Japan. She specializes inmodern German
history, particularly intellectuals
during the Weimar
Republic and their thoughts on pea
ce. Her researchinterests include political culture, pac
ifism and peace
mov eme nts. Her current rese archfocu ses on theanti -nuc lear mov eme nt in Wes t
Ger man y and thereprese ntat ion of Hiro shim a in Ger
man Jap ane seculture. She has published a bookchapter in English,“Peace, Pacifism and Peace Mov
ements in Germany
dur ing the Firs t Hal f of the 20t
h Cen tury ” (Ca rol
Rinnert / Omar Farouk / Inoue Yasu
hiro, Hiroshima &Peace, Hiroshima: Keisuisha 2010).

Pro fess or at HPI .
Hito shi Nag ai is an Ass ocia te
He is a grad uate.
He was bor n in Cali forn ia, USA
ived his Ph. D.
rece
he
re
of Rikk yo Univ ersi ty whe
ool of Ateneo
Sch
te
dua
Gra
the
at
ied
He also studto Gak uin
Kan
at
ht
de Man ila Uni vers ity. He taug
ity. Dr.
vers
Uni
’s
men
Wo
Uni vers ity and Kyo ritsu
2002.
in
itute
Inst
ce
Pea
a
shim
Hiro
the
Nagai joined
and
tory
His
se
ane
He wor ks on in Mo der n Jap
The
of
or
auth
the
is
He
s.
tion
Japan-Philippines Rela
tions,
Rela
s
pine
hilip
an-P
Jap
and
s
Trial
War Crimes
ten, 201 0) and194 5-1 953 (Tok yo: Iwa nam i Shoppines (Tokyo:
Phili
the
in
s
Trial
Japanese War Crimes
ived a special prize
Kodansha, 2013). Dr. Nagai receth Asian Pacific Awards (Cosponsored by theof the 25
n Affairs Research
Mainichi Newspapers and the Asia
Council) in 2013.

Mik yon g Kim is an Ass ocia te Pro
fess or at HPI . Bor n in
Busan, Korea, she studied and wor
ked in the U.S. before
coming to Hiroshima in 2005. She
has published manyrefe reed artic les and boo k cha
pter s on hum an righ ts,
peace, and memory in East Asia.
Her book, Securitizationof Hum an Righ ts: Nor th Korean
Refu gee s in Eas t Asia,
was published by Praeger (U.S.A.,
2012). Kim co-edited
Northeast Asia’s Difficult Past: Essa
ys in Collective Memory(Palgrave Macmillan, U.K., 2010,
with Barry Schwartz),
and the journal North Korean Rev
iew (McFarland, U.S.A.,
2011-12). She also edited the spe
cial edition of Memory
Studies Journal (Sage, U.K.) on
Korean memory (2013,
Vol. 6, No. 3). Her book, Memory
and Reconciliation in
Eas t Asia is fort hco min g (De cem
ber 201 4, Rou tled ge,U.K.). She was elected Human
Rights Section Program
Co- Cha ir of the 201 3 Inte rnat ional Stu dies Ass ocia tion
(ISA) Annual Convention and Vice
-President of Associationof Korean Political Studies (AKPS,
U.S.A.) in 2014. Kim
has been re-appointed as a mem
ber of ROK Presidential
Cou ncil on Pea cefu l Uni fica tion
(201 3-1 5), and Vice President of ROK Fulbright Alumni
Association (2012-14).

Pro fess or at HPI . He
Rob ert Jac obs is an Ass ocia te
aspects of nuclear
ial
soc
and
is a historian of cultural
Peace Institute in
a
shim
Hiro
d
joine
technologies who
Tail: Americans
on’s2005. He is the author of The Dragsac hus etts ,
Mas
of
sity
iver
(Un
Fac e the Ato mic Ageane se tran slat ion by
201 0), also pub lish ed in a Jap
the edit or of Fillin g
isGaif ush a in Tok yo in 201 3. He
Popular Culture
and
Art
re:
Futu
the Hole in the Nuclear
2010), and the coRespond to the Bomb (Lexington,
on Between Eastizati
editor of Images of Rupture in Civil
itz and Hiroshima
chw
Aus
of
phy
and West: The Iconogra
ia (Köln, 2014). He
in Eastern European Arts and Medlear hist ory andnucon
has pub lishe d inte rnat iona lly
archer of the
rese
lead
the
is
He
n.
nuclear representatio
the cultural
ines
exam
Global Hibakusha Project, which
individuals,
on
res
osu
exp
and social aspects of radiation
research
field
ts
duc
con
and
ities
families and commun
testing,
pon
wea
lear
around the world at sites of nuc
ts.
iden
acc
er
pow
nuclear production and nuclear

Taeko Kiriya is an Assistant Professor at HPI. She was bornin Yokohama. She obtained a B.A. from Hosei University in
2003, an M.A. from Hiroshima City
University in 2005, and a
Ph.D. in Intercultural Communicati
on from Hosei University in2009. She served as a research
fellow at the Japan Society
for the Promotion of Science (April
2007–March 2009), a parttime lecturer at Hosei University(April 2009–March 2010),
and a staff member at the Institutefor Sustainability Researchand Education, Hosei University (October 2009–March 2010).
Dr. Kiriya specializes in interculturalcommunication, with the
topic of the reconstruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as her
current research theme. Among
her works are the following
thesis and the chapter in a book:Rec
onstruction of Hiroshima
and Nagasaki and Hibakushas’ View
s 1945-1950 , Doctoral
Dissertation, Hosei University,March,2009, and “Hiroshima
and Nagasaki as a Contemporary
Question –– Atomic Bombs
Issues Reexamined”. In: Yoshinori Kumata. ed. Intercultural
C o m m u n i c a t i o n –– I n S e a rc ho f L i v i n g To g e t h e r a n d
Cooperation (Tokyo:Sairyu-sha, 201
3).

te Pro fess or at
Akih iro Kaw aka mi is an Ass ocia
studied at the
He
an.
Jap
City,
HPI. Born in Toyama.), Graduate
(B.A
y
ersit
Univ
o
Chu
,
Law
Faculty ofA.), and
(M.
sity
ver
Sch ool of Law , Chu o Uniy (Ph.D.
ersit
Univ
shu
Sen
,
Law
Graduate School ofat theerarch
in Law). He worked as a visiting rese
ty,
ersi
Univ
o
Chu
of
Institute of Cultural Science
ies,
anit
Hum
of
ulty
Fac
the
at
r
Part-time Lecture
ng an assistant
Meisei University, before becomi
assumed his
He
8.
200
professor at HPI in April
cializes in
spe
He
4.
201
il
Apr
in
present positionaHeiw to Shiminconstitutional law. His books are
nal theo ry of
tutio
nsti
Jich i no Ken po Riro n [CoKeibundo,
yo:
(Tok
y]
nom
auto
en
peace and citiz
Seiritsu no
Jo92012); and Nihonkoku Kenpo Dai
Ideological
of
y
Stud
[A
Shisotekiengen no Kenkyu
tion of
stitu
Con
the
of
ion
mat
For
Orig in in thePress,yersit
UnivJapan, Article 9] (Tokyo: Senshu
2006).

Hiroko Takahashi is an AssistantProfessor at HPI,
Hiro shim a City Uni vers ity. Born in Nis hino miy a,
Hyo go Pre fect ure. She stud iedat the Fac ulty of
Letters, Doshisha University Graduate
School (Ph. D.
in History). She serves as a memberof the ResearchCommittee for Historical Materials at the Hiroshima
Peace Memorial Museum, the Exp
ert Panel for theTok yo Met rop olita n Gov ernm ent’s Daig o Fuk uryu
Mar u Exh ibit ion Hal l, the Board of Dire cto rs of
Pea ce Stu dies Ass ocia tion of Japan and is join tly
representing Subcommittee for
Global Hibakusha.
She is the sole aut hor of Cla ssif
ied Hiro shim aNag asa ki: U.S . Nuc lear Tes t andCiv il Def ens e
Program, Gaifusha, 2008. (Awarded the 2nd Peace
Study Encouragement Award of
the Peace Studies
Ass ocia tion of Jap an; revi sededit ion pub lish ed
in Feb ruar y 201 2). She has pub
lish ed num erou s
articles, including, “One Minute after the Detonationof the Atomic Bomb: the Erased
Effect of Residual
Rad iatio n,” The Am eric an Rev
iew No. 42, The
Japanese Association for American Studies (March
2008)

at HPI . Bor n
Tos hiyu ki Tan aka is a Pro fess oried in the
stud
He
an.
Jap
in Fuk ui Pre fect ure,
ity of
vers
Uni
,
dies
Stu
n
Asia
of
Dep artm ent
in
izes
cial
spe
He
Wes tern Aus tral ia (Ph .D.) .
de
inclu
ks
boo
His
es.
crim
war history and war
Aerial Warfare],Sora no Senso-Shi [A History ofan’s Com fort
Jap
(Ko dan sha : Tok yo, 200 8);
titution during
Pros
and
ery
Women: Sexual Slavtion (Lon don :
upa
Occ
US
the
and
II
Wor ld War
anese War
Jap
:
rors
Routledge, 2002); Hidden Hor
Westview
CO:
,
lder
(Bou
II
Crimes in World War
ane se
Jap
The
:
War
and
e
Rap
6);
Pre ss, 199
tre,
Cen
ies
Stud
se
Experience (Melbourne: Japane
wa
n
ngu
Niho
zai:
han
so
sen
1995); Shirarezaru
wn war
kno
[Un
ka
a
shit
o
i
nan
ni
-jin
Ost ralia
forces did tocrimes: What the Japanese imperial1993).
ten,
Sho
ki
Otsu
yo:
the Australians] (Toks website at http://www.hiroshima-cu.ac.jp/modules/peace_e/index.php
Visit HPI’7

Hello from HPIHyun Jin Son
Associate Professor
Dr. Hyun Jin Son was born in Pusan,
Korea in 1971. He receive d a B.A. in
Law from Pukyong National University
in 1997, and receive d an M.A. and Ph.D in Law fromthe Graduate School of Law at Kobe University in 2006.
He served as a North Korean Human Rights expert at
the Ministry of Unification of the Republic of Korea (July
2006-F ebruar y 2011), and a Resear ch Fellow at the
Korea Legislation Research Institute (March 2011-March2014). He joined HPI in April 2014. Dr. Son specializes inInternational Law, North Korean Law, and the situation on
the Korean Peninsula. His main research achievements
are a Review of the issue of South Korean Abduct ees
and POWs (Prisoners of Wars) in the Korean Journal ofInternational Law (2013) and “Study on a way to improve
human rights for North Koreans after regime change inNorth Korea,” (KINU, 2013).

International Symposium on
August 2, 2014
The Hiroshima Peace Institute will hold an international
symposium on the theme “Confidence building as a step
toward abolishing nuclear weapons: Pursuing measures
to energize the 2015 NPT Review Conference” co-hosted
by the Chugoku Shimbun and the Research Center for
Nuclear Weapons Abolition, Nagasaki University.

Date & Time: August 2, 2014 1:00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m.
Venue:
Himawari Room, second basement (B2)
The International Conference Center Hiroshima
Hosts:
Hiroshima City University
The Chugoku Shimbun
The Research Center for Nuclear Weapons Abolition,
Nagasaki University
Seating is offered up to 450 people on a first-come, first-served basis.

DIARY[Events organized by HPI]
◆Dec. 7, 2013 International Symposium, “Transmitting theExperiences of Hiroshima & Nagasaki to Future Generations”◆Dec. 13, 2013 Research Forum “North Korean Nuclear
Development and the UN Response” by Masahiko Asada(Professor of International Law, School of Government, Kyoto
University)◆January 22, 2014 Research Forum “Conflict Mitigation and
Democratization in the Middle East: Special Focus on Syria’s
Crisis and the Progress in Iran’s Nuclear Negotiations by Hisae
Nakanishi (Professor of Graduate School of Global Studies,
Doshisha University) Rethinking the Syria’s War by Masaki Uno(Professor of International Studies, Hiroshima City University)◆Feb14-March14, 2014 Public Lecture Series FY2013 2ndSemester “Reconsideration of Bikini H-Bomb Test in 1954”◆June6-July4, 2014 Public Lecture Series FY2014 1 st
Semester, “Tention in East Asian International Relations and

HIROSHIMA RESEARCH NEWS● Published by● Printed by

8“I have started working at Hiroshima Peace Institute at
Hiroshima City University about three months ago. Prior
to that I worked as a researcher at a public institute anda public officer at one of the Ministries of the Korean
government. My research themes are: North Korean
nuclear weapons, the abduction issue, and the Korean
peninsu la issue. In that sense, living and working in
Hiroshi ma, one of the two cities to have suffere d a
direct nuclea r attack — and which has rebuilt as acity of peace — is very significant to me. The ultimate
goal of my research is to contribute to building world
peace amidst complicated and perilous international
relationships. North Korea and the reality of the Korean
Peninsula, one of the most deeply divided regions in theworld, poses a threat to the world and especially to the
Asian region. North Korea has been threatening regional
security by developing nuclear weapons and missiles
and abducting citizens of neighboring countries. The
ultimate task for all of us may be to come up with apeaceful solution to resolve the threat and thus making
Northeast Asia a peaceful and safe region. Hiroshima
can be at the center of such an effort.”

Nov. 1, 2013 – June 30, 2014

Reestablishment of Peace”◆June 18, 2014 Research Forum “OSCE and Human Security
in Europe” by Philip McDonagh (Irish Ambassador to the
OSCE in Vienna)[Visitors to HPI]
◆November 8, 2013 Twenty-seven students from South Korea◆November 14, 2013 Sixteen Junior high school students from
Nagoya◆January 17, 2014 Thirty-three young scholars from the US◆February 3, 2014 Seven young public sector officials from
Asian countries◆April 8, 2014 Ten Rotary Peace Fellows from International
Christian University◆May 23, 2014 Thirty-four young scholars from the US visit HPI◆June 13, 2014 Eight students from Hitotsubashi University,Tokyo
Vol.17 No.1（July 25, 2014）

Editing Committee (Robert A. Jacobs, Taeko Kiriya, Hiroko Takahashi), Hiroshima Peace Institute, Hiroshima City University
3-4-1, Ozuka-higashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-3194 Japan
Phone: +81（0）82 830 1811
Fax: +81（0）82 830 1812
E-mail: office-peace@peace.hiroshima-cu.ac.jp
Letterpress Co., Ltd.

HIROSHIMA RESEARCH NEWS Vol.17 No.1, July 2014

狡Hiroshima City University 2014. All rights reserved.