Nomination of

Fujisanfor Inscription on the World Heritage List

January 2012

JAPAN

Contents

Executive Summary<Main Text>
Chapter 1 Identification of the Property
1.a. Country ..................................................................................................................

1

1.b. State, Province or Region .....................................................................................

1

1.c. Name of Property ..................................................................................................

1

1.d. Geographical Coordinates to the Nearest Second ...............................................

1

1.e. Maps and Plans, Showing the Boundaries of the Nominated Property and Buffer
Zone ......................................................................................................................

1

1.f. Area of the Nominated Property and Proposed Buffer Zone .................................

1

Chapter 2 Description
2.a. Description of the Property ....................................................................................

33

2.b. History and Development ...................................................................................

126

Chapter 3 Justification for Inscription
3.1.a Brief synthesis ..................................................................................................... 145
3.1.b Criteria under which inscription is proposed ....................................................... 145
3.1.c Statement of Integrity .......................................................................................... 153
3.1.d Statement of Authenticity .................................................................................... 157
3.1.e Protection and management requirements ......................................................... 160
3.2. Comparative Analysis ............................................................................................. 163
3.3. Proposed Statement of Outstanding Universal Value ........................................... 184

Chapter 4 State of Conservation and Factors Affecting the Property
4.a. Present State of Conservation .............................................................................. 187
4.b. Factors Affecting the Property ............................................................................... 205

Chapter 5 Protection and Management of the Property
5.a. Ownership ............................................................................................................. 211
5.b. Protective Designation .......................................................................................... 213
5.c. Means of Implementing Protective Measures ....................................................... 227
5.d. Existing Plans Related to the Municipalities and Regions in which the Proposed
Property is Located ............................................................................................... 252
5.e. Property Management Plan or Other Management System ................................. 262
5.f. Sources and Levels of Finance .............................................................................. 270
5.g. Sources of Expertise and Training in Conservation and Management
Techniques ............................................................................................................ 270i5.h. Visitor Facilities and Infrastructure ........................................................................ 271
5.i. Policies and Programmes Related to the Presentation and Promotion of theProperty ................................................................................................................... 272
5.j. Staffing Levels and Expertise................................................................................... 276

Chapter 6 Monitoring
6.a. Key Indicators for Measuring the State of Conservation ....................................... 291
6.b. Administrative Arrangements for Monitoring the Property.................................... 294

6.c. Results of Previous Reporting Exercises .............................................................. 294

Chapter 7 Documentation
7.a. Photographs, Slides, Image Inventory and Authorization Table and Other
Audiovisual Materials ............................................................................................. 297
7.b. Texts Relating to Protective Designation, Copies of Property Management Plans orDocumented Management Systems and Extracts of Other Plans Relevant to theProperty ................................................................................................................. 310
7.c. Form and Date of Most Recent Records or Inventory of the Property .................. 313
7.d. Addresses where Inventory, Records and Archives are Held ............................... 314
7.e. Bibliography ........................................................................................................... 314

Chapter 8 Contact Information
8.a. Preparer ................................................................................................................. 323
8.b. Official Local Institution/Agency ............................................................................ 323
8.c. Other Local Institutions .......................................................................................... 324
8.d. Official Web Address ............................................................................................. 326

Chapter 9 Signature on behalf of the State Party
Authorization<Appendices>
Appendix 1 Inventory of the Component Parts of the Property
Appendix 2 Supplementary Information about the Nominated Property
Appendix 3 History in Relation to the Nominated Property
Appendix 4 Supplementary Information about Comparative Analysis
Appendix 5 Summary of Laws and Regulations which Control the Nominated
Property and the Buffer Zone
Appendix 6 Methodology of Nominated Property and Buffer Zone Boundary
Delineation
Appendix 7 Cadastral Map
Appendix 8 The Comprehensive Preservation and Management Planii

Executive Summary
1 State PartyJapan

2 State, Province or Region
Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture

3 Name of Property
Fujisan

4 Geographical Coordinates to the Nearest Second
Component parts (1 to 25) andConstituent elements (1-1 to 1-9)No.

LatitudeLongitude

N 35°21' 39"

E 138°43' 39"

N 35°13' 39"

E 138°36' 36"

3 Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrine

N 35°16' 16"

E 138°38' 13"

4 Murayama Sengen-jinja Shrine

N 35°15' 41"

E 138°39' 59"

5 Suyama Sengen-jinja Shrine

N 35°15' 16"

E 138°50' 56"

6 Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine (Subashiri Sengen-jinja Shrine)

N 35°21' 45"

E 138°51' 48"

7 Kawaguchi Asama-jinja Shrine

N 35°31' 57"

E 139°46' 29"

8 Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine

N 35°30' 45"

E 138°44' 43"

9 “Oshi” Lodging House (Former House of the Togawa Family)

N 35°28' 48"

E 138°47' 45"

10 “Oshi” Lodging House (House of the Osano Family)

N 35°28' 34"

E 138°47' 38"

11 Lake Yamanakako

N 35°25' 16"

E 138°52' 32"

12 Lake Kawaguchiko

N 35°30' 47"

E 138°44' 48"

13 Oshino Hakkai springs (Deguchiike Pond)

N 35°27' 13"

E 138°50' 12"

14 Oshino Hakkai springs (Okamaike Pond)

N 35°27' 34"

E 138°49' 53"

15 Oshino Hakkai springs (Sokonashiike Pond)

N 35°27' 36"

E 138°49' 54"

16 Oshino Hakkai springs (Choshiike Pond)

N 35°27' 35"

E 138°49' 56"

17 Oshino Hakkai springs (Wakuike Pond)

N 35°27' 36"

E 138°49' 58"

18 Oshino Hakkai springs (Nigoriike Pond)

N 35°27' 36"

E 138°49' 56"

19 Oshino Hakkai springs (Kagamiike Pond)

N 35°27' 39"

E 138°49' 59"

20 Oshino Hakkai springs (Shobuike Pond)

N 35°27' 41"

E 138°50' 03"

21 Funatsu lava tree molds

N 35°27' 10"

E 138°45' 15"

22 Yoshida lava tree molds

N 35°26' 54"

E 138°45' 37"

23 Hitoana Fuji-ko Iseki

N 35°21' 42"

E 138°35' 29"

24 Shiraito no Taki waterfalls

N 35°18' 47"

E 138°35' 14"

25 Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove

N 34°59' 37"

E 138°31' 22"

1

2

Fujisan Mountain Area
1-1 Mountaintop worship sites
Omiya-Murayama Ascending Route (present Fujinomiya
1-2 Ascending Route)
1-3 Suyama Ascending Route (present Gotemba Ascending Route)
1-4 Subashiri Ascending Route
1-5 Yoshida Ascending Route
1-6 Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine
1-7 Lake Saiko
1-8 Lake Shojiko
1-9 Lake Motosuko
Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine

Executive Summary

5 Textual description of the boundaries of the nominated property
The nominated property is comprised of 25 component parts centered on the Fujisan MountainArea. It encompasses all of the component parts and constituent elements that express Fujisan’snature as an “object of worship” and a “source of artistic inspiration”. These various parts andelements can be divided into two categories based on their characteristics as either “places ofworship-ascent and pilgrimage” ([a] the Fujisan Mountain Area from Umagaeshi up, themountaintop worship sites, and the ascending routes extending from the base to the summit of themountain; [b] the buildings and compounds of the Sengen-jinja shrines and the “Oshi” Lodging
Houses at the base of the mountain; and [c] the wind cave, lava tree molds, lakes, springs, andwaterfalls that became sacred sites and pilgrimage destination) or representative “viewpoints andviews” of the Fujisan Mountain Area.
In particular, the views of the Fujisan Mountain Area offered by the two representative
viewpoints included in the nominated property extend from the mountain’s summit down the slopes
on both sides for a considerable distance, ensuring a more-than-adequate sense of the form of
Fujisan that has inspired works of art that possess outstanding universal significance. The scope ofthe nominated property includes the area of the mountain above Umagaeshi (literally, “the point at
which horses were turn back and not permitted further ascent on horseback”), a borderline at roughly
the 1,500-meter elevation mark that is related to the sacred nature of Fujisan. And the scope of thenominated property includes all of the compounds of the Sengen-jinja shrines and the “Oshi”
Lodging Houses, as well as the wind cave, lava tree molds, lakes, springs, and waterfalls that
became sacred sites and destinations for pilgrimages. The total area of the nominated property is
20,702.1 hectares.
The buffer zone surrounding the property has been delineated to include a zone of 49,627.7
hectares, encompassing areas that could potentially have the possibility of an adverse effect—either
physically or visually—on Fujisan’s Outstanding Universal Value as derived from its aspect as an“object of worship” (“places of worship-ascent and pilgrimage”) and as a “source of artistic
inspiration” (“viewpoints and views”).

6 A4 size map of the nominated property, showing boundaries andbuffer zone
Attached to the end of the executive summary.

7 Criteria under which property is nominated (itemize criteria)(iii), (iv), and (vi)

8 Draft Statement of Outstanding Universal Value[ a. Brief synthesis ]Fujisan is Japan’s highest peak (elev. 3,776 m) and the sacred, majestic form of its solitary
volcanic cone is known throughout the world as a symbol of Japan.
The worship of Fujisan is unique in nature, centering on efforts to draw power from the deities
residing on the mountain and to experience of a symbolic death and rebirth in the course of making
worship-ascents from the slopes to the summit of the mountain and pilgrimages to religious sites at

Executive Summarythe foot of the mountain. As the beliefs, ceremonies, and religious activities of Fujisan-worship
evolved, the awe that the volcanic Fujisan inspired gave birth to traditions that emphasized
coexistence with nature, and that in turn evolved into traditions focused on reverence and affection
for Fujisan’s majestic form and gratitude for the blessings it provides through the springs at its baseand other natural attributes. The essence of those traditions has transcended the ages and continues tobe faithfully preserved to the present day, influencing the form and spirit of contemporary ascents ofthe mountain and pilgrimages to the sites on and at the base of Fujisan.
In addition, these traditions served as inspiration for the ukiyo-e prints by Katsushika Hokusai (ca.
1760-1849) and Utagawa Hiroshige (1797-1858), depicting the many facets of Fujisan, and as thewellspring for the transformation of Fujisan into an iconic figure with outstanding universal
significance. In this way, Fujisan has become a significant symbol of Japan and Japanese culture.
As is stated above, through both the religious practices associated with the mountain frompremodern times and the artistic activity inspired by the mountain’s landscape, people all over theworld have come to see Fujisan as an outstanding example of a type of Japan’s majestic and sacred
mountain landscape, and as a result it has secured a spot as one of the world’s celebrated mountains.
Accordingly, it possesses Outstanding Universal Value.

[ b. Justification for Criteria ]Criterion (iii)
The worship of the deities believed to reside on Fujisan served as the origin for traditions thatemphasized coexistence with the volcano and gratitude for the blessings it provides through thesprings and other natural attributes found at its base. The essence of those traditions has transcended
the ages and continues to be faithfully preserved to the present day, influencing the form and spirit ofcontemporary ascents of the mountain and pilgrimages to the sites on and at the base of Fujisan. The
diverse cultural assets engendered by Fujisan and the worship of it demonstrate that Fujisan is an
exceptional testimony to a living cultural tradition centered on mountains.

Criterion (iv)
Through a combination of religious practices centering on Fujisan since premodern times andartistic activity based on the viewing of the mountain, Fujisan came to be recognized by many
people as an outstanding example of a type of a sacred and majestic mountain landscape typifying
Japan, and as a result, came to be confirmed in its position as one of the world’s celebrated
mountains.

Criterion (vi)
The images of Fujisan in early 19th-century Ukiyo-e prints have appeared frequently as a motif
in many modern and contemporary works of Western art, demonstrating that these images of Fujisan
have not only had a significant impact on many Western works of art, but have established Fujisan
as a symbol of Japan and Japanese culture throughout the world. Fujisan is thus an exceptional
mountain, directly and tangibly associated with artistic works of outstanding universal significance,
and it possesses the significance of having become a universal symbol of Japan and of Japaneseculture.
Photo E-1

Fujisan viewed from northwest© Imaki Hidekazu

Executive Summary

[ c. Statement of Integrity ]The totality of the nominated property not only includes all component parts and constituent
elements necessary to express Outstanding Universal Value in terms of Fujisan’s nature as an“object of worship”, but also is of adequate size to completely represent the attributes and processes
that convey the property’s significance. In addition, the scope of the nominated property includes allcomponent parts and constituent elements necessary to express its nature as a “source of artistic
inspiration”, including (1) the representative viewpoints for viewing Fujisan; and (2) the scenic
landscapes of the Fujisan Mountain Area that can be seen from these viewpoints. Accordingly, theproperty retains a high level of integrity.

[ d. Statement of Authenticity ]Based on the attributes selected according to the nature of the individual component parts andconstituent elements of the nominated property, and the specific features included therein, each one
demonstrates a high level of authenticity.
The Fujisan Mountain Area possesses a high degree of authenticity based on its attributes of“spirit” and “function.” In addition, the compounds and buildings of the Shinto shrines and the“Oshi” Lodging Houses are all highly authentic based on their attributes of “form and design,”“materials and substance,” “traditions and techniques,” “location and setting,” and “use andfunction.” And moreover, the lava tree molds, the lakes, the springs, the waterfalls, and other naturalsites that feature remains connected to the worship of Fujisan also maintain a high level ofauthenticity based on their attributes of “form”, “location and setting”, “feeling”, and “use andfunction.”[ e. Requirements for protection and management ]The nominated property has been officially designated as Important Cultural Properties, a Special
Place of Scenic Beauty, a Special Natural Monument, a Historic Site, Places of Scenic Beauty, andNatural Monuments, in addition to being designated as a National Park, and is also well preserved asa National Forest. The scenic landscape as seen from two scenic viewpoints has been preserved inexcellent condition as well.
Also, in terms of the buffer zone of the property, in addition to the protective measures describedabove, appropriate protection is provided in accordance with the Landscape Act and other relevantlaws and regulations.

In particular, no buffer zone is set up on the northwestern side of Lake

Motosuko and the eastern side of the Fujisan Mountain Area, since no impact on the view fromwithin the property area is foreseen in light of the control measures under the Yamanashi Prefecture
Landscape Ordinance, topographical constraints defying development, existing land uses in theneighboring areas, etc.
Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, as well as the relevant municipal governments
included in the respective prefectures are working in cooperation with the relevant national
agencies—not only with the Agency for Cultural Affairs, which is the competent authority charged
with preserving and managing Japan’s cultural heritage properties, but also with the Ministry of theEnvironment, the Forestry Agency, and others—and have established the Fujisan World Cultural
Heritage Council to create a comprehensive management system for the property. This Council isreceiving input from an academic committee of experts for the surveying, preservation andmanagement of Fujisan.

Executive Summary

The “Fujisan Comprehensive Preservation and Management Plan”, which was established in
January 2012, covers the whole property and lays out not only methods for the preservation,
management, maintenance, and utilization of the nominated property overall and for each individualcomponent part based on its unique characteristics, but also the respective roles that the national andlocal public bodies and other relevant organizations should play.
Photo E-2

Fujisan viewed from southwest© Shizuoka Prefectural Tourism Association

9 Name and contact information of official local institution/agency
Agency for Cultural Affairs
Monuments and Sites Division, Cultural Properties Department
3-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8959 Japan
Tel: +81-3-5253-4111
Fax: +81-3-6734-3822
kinen@bunka.go.jp
http://www.bunka.go.jp

Ministry of the Environment
Environmental Strategy Division, Nature Conservation Bureau
1-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8975 Japan
Tel: +81-3-3581-3351
Fax: +81-3-3591-3228
shizen-keikaku@env.go.jp
http://www.env.go.jp

Forestry Agency
Research, Extension and Environmental Policy Division, Private Forest Depa
1-2-1 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8952 Japan
Tel: +81-3-3502-8111
Fax: +81-3-3502-2887
worldheritage@nm.maff.go.jp
http://www.rinya.maff.go.jp

Yamanashi Prefecture
World Heritage Division, Planning Department
1-6-1 Marunouchi, Kofu City, Yamanashi Prefecture 400-8501 Japan
Tel: +81-55-223-1316
Fax: +81-55-223-1781
sekaiisan-sn@pref.yamanashi.lg.jp
http://www.fujisan-3776.jp

Shizuoka Prefecture
World Heritage Division, Community Affairs Department
9-6 Oute-machi, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka Prefecture 420-8601 Japan
Tel: +81-54-221-3746
Fax: +81-54-221-2980
sekai@pref.shizuoka.lg.jp

http://www.fujisan-3776.jp

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Executive SummaryChapter 1
Identification of the Property

1.a. CountryJapan

1.b. State, Province or Region
Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture

1.c. Name of Property
Fujisan

1.d. Geographical Coordinates to the Nearest Second
The property that the Government of Japan hereby nominates for inscription on the World
Heritage List, “Fujisan”, is located in the eastern part of the Tokai Region and the western part of the
Kanto Region of Japan, in the central part of the mainland of the Japanese Archipelago, situated at
the eastern edge of East Asia.
The nominated property consists of 25 component parts located in the present administrative
territories shown in Table 1-1 on page 2.

1.e. Maps and Plans, Showing the Boundaries of the Nominated
Property and Buffer Zone
Maps and plans showing the locations and boundaries of the nominated property and its bufferzone are provided at the end of this chapter.

1.f. Area of the Nominated Property and Proposed Buffer Zone
The areas of the nominated property, the buffer zone, and the total area are as follows:
Area of nominated property : 20,702.1 ha
Buffer zone

: 49,627.7 ha

Total: 70,329.8 ha

Table 1-1 gives the areas of the individual component parts of the property and constituent
elements together with the areas of the buffer zone surrounding them.

Table 1-1

Component parts of the nominated property with location, area, and buffer zone area

ID
No.

Name of thecomponent parts (1 to 25) andconstituent elements (1-1 to 1-9)

Regions / districts

Fujisan Mountain Area
1-1

Yamanashi Prefecture
1

Mountaintop worship sites
Omiya-Murayama Ascending Route (present
Fujinomiya Ascending Route)Suyama Ascending Route (present Gotemba
Ascending Route)

Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture

1-4

Subashiri Ascending Route

1-5

Yoshida Ascending Route

Shizuoka Prefecture (Oyama Town)
Yamanashi Prefecture (Fujiyoshida City,
Fujikawaguchiko Town)

1-6

Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine

1-7Lake Saiko

1-8

Lake Shojiko

1-9Lake Motosuko

Yamanashi Prefecture (Fujiyoshida City)
Yamanashi Prefecture (Fujikawaguchiko
Town)
Yamanashi Prefecture (Fujikawaguchiko
Town)
Yamanashi Prefecture (Minobu-cho andFujikawaguchiko Town )2Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine

Shizuoka Prefecture (Fujinomiya City)

3

Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrine

Shizuoka Prefecture (Fujinomiya City)

4

Murayama Sengen-jinja Shrine

Shizuoka Prefecture (Fujinomiya City)

5

Suyama Sengen-jinja Shrine

Shizuoka Prefecture (Susono City)

6

Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine (Subashiri Sengen-jinja Shrine)

Shizuoka Prefecture (Oyama Town)

7

Kawaguchi Asama-jinja Shrine

Yamanashi Prefecture (Fujikawaguchiko Town)

8

Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine

Yamanashi Prefecture (Fujikawaguchiko Town)

9“Oshi” Lodging House (Former House of the Togawa

Yamanashi Prefecture (Fujiyoshida City)

10“Oshi” Lodging House (House of the Osano Family)

Yamanashi Prefecture (Fujiyoshida City)

11

Lake Yamanakako

Yamanashi Prefecture (Yamanakako Village)

12

Lake Kawaguchiko

Yamanashi Prefecture (Fujikawaguchiko Town)

13

Oshino Hakkai springs (Deguchiike Pond)

Yamanashi Prefecture (Oshino Village)

14

Oshino Hakkai springs (Okamaike Pond)

Yamanashi Prefecture (Oshino Village)

15

Oshino Hakkai springs (Sokonashiike Pond)

Yamanashi Prefecture (Oshino Village)

16

Oshino Hakkai springs (Choshiike Pond)

Yamanashi Prefecture (Oshino Village)

17

Oshino Hakkai springs (Wakuike Pond)

Yamanashi Prefecture (Oshino Village)

18

Oshino Hakkai springs (Nigoriike Pond)

Yamanashi Prefecture (Oshino Village)

19

Oshino Hakkai springs (Kagamiike Pond)

Yamanashi Prefecture (Oshino Village)

20

Oshino Hakkai springs (Shobuike Pond)

Yamanashi Prefecture (Oshino Village)

21

Funatsu lava tree molds

Yamanashi Prefecture (Fujikawaguchiko Town)

22

Yoshida lava tree molds

Yamanashi Prefecture (Fujiyoshida City)

23

Hitoana Fuji-ko Iseki

Shizuoka Prefecture (Fujinomiya City)

24

Shiraito no Taki waterfalls

Shizuoka Prefecture (Fujinomiya City)

25

Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove

Shizuoka Prefecture (Shizuoka City)

1-2
1-3

1

Shizuoka Prefecture (Fujinomiya City)
Shizuoka Prefecture (Gotemba City)

Total (ha)1

In this area, there is a section without a clearly drawn prefectural boundary.

Coordinates of thecentral point

Area of nominatedcomponent of theproperty (ha)Area of thebuffer zone(ha)

Map No.

Figure 1-5
Figures 1-5-1 to 1-5-6

N 35°21' 39"

E 138°43' 39"

19,311.9

N 35°13' 39"

E 138°36' 36"

4.8

Figure 1-6

N 35°16' 16"

E 138°38' 13"

0.5

Figure 1-7

N 35°15' 41"

E 138°39' 59"

3.6

Figure 1-8

N 35°15' 16"

E 138°50' 56"

0.9

Figure 1-9

N 35°21' 45"

E 138°51' 48"

1.8

N 35°31' 57"

E 139°46' 29"

1.6

N 35°30' 45"

E 138°44' 43"

2.6

Figure 1-12

N 35°28' 48"

E 138°47' 45"

0.1

Figure 1-13

N 35°28' 34"

E 138°47' 38"

0.1

Figure 1-13

N 35°25' 16"

E 138°52' 32"

698.1

Figure 1-14

N 35°30' 47"

E 138°44' 48"

592.8

Figure 1-15

N 35°27' 13"

E 138°50' 12"

0.048

Figure 1-16

N 35°27' 34"

E 138°49' 53"

0.002

Figure 1-16

N 35°27' 36"

E 138°49' 54"

0.006

Figure 1-16

N 35°27' 35"

E 138°49' 56"

0.005

Figure 1-16

N 35°27' 36"

E 138°49' 58"

0.078

Figure 1-16

N 35°27' 36"

E 138°49' 56"

0.031

Figure 1-16

N 35°27' 39"

E 138°49' 59"

0.014

Figure 1-16

N 35°27' 41"

E 138°50' 03"

0.042

Figure 1-16

N 35°27' 10"

E 138°45' 15"

8.2

Figure 1-17

N 35°26' 54"

E 138°45' 37"

5.8

Figure 1-18

N 35°21' 42"

E 138°35' 29"

2.8

Figure 1-19

N 35°18' 47"

E 138°35' 14"

1.8

Figure 1-20

N 34°59' 37"

E 138°31' 22"

64.4

252.0

20,702.1

49,627.7

49,375.7

Figure 1-10
Figure 1-11

Figure 1-21Chapter 2
Description

2.a. Description of the Property
1) Description of the Property as a Whole(i) Overview
Fujisan is Japan’s highest peak, a solitary stratovolcano that stands 3,776 meters high. The pitchof the slope increases as the altitude rises, creating a beautiful catenary curve and giving themountain an exceptional conic shape. The base of the southern slopes of Fujisan extends all the way
to the shores of Suruga Bay, and as a stratovolcano whose slopes rise continuously from the sea tothe summit, Fujisan is among the world’s highest.
From ancient times, a unique cultural tradition of worshipping Fujisan arose as people made1

worship-ascents to the summit and slopes of Fujisan, as well as pilgrimages to sacred sites on themountain and around its base as a means to acquire spiritual power from the gods and buddhas residing
on the mountain and to seek an experience of symbolic death and spiritual rebirth. This tradition has been
handed down faithfully through the generations and finds expression today in the form of the current
ascents of Fujisan as well. In addition, the awe with which Fujisan was regarded, based on the uniquely
Japanese religion of Shinto, inspired a tradition that emphasized coexistence with the natural environment
created by the volcano, love and respect for the mountain’s majestic form, and gratitude for the bounty
that Fujisan bestows upon the people through the springs found at the foot of the mountain.
Moreover, Fujisan has come to have symbolic meaning as well. It has inspired a variety of
iconography of outstanding universal significance that has made Fujisan a symbol of Japan andJapanese culture—most notably the Ukiyo-e prints by Katsushika Hokusai (ca. 1760–1849) andUtagawa Hiroshige (1797–1858), which were influential internationally as well.
In this way, Fujisan has secured a globally recognized position as a celebrated mountain throughmountain-worship activities dating back to the premodern era and through artistic activities inspiredby the viewing of the mountain.
Photo 2-1

Fujisan viewed from Suruga Bay © Shizuoka Prefectural Tourism Association(ii) Origins and natural setting
Fujisan is located roughly at the center of the Japanese Archipelago at a latitude of 35°21'39" Nand a longitude of 138°43'9" E (coordinates refer to Kengamine, the highest of the peaks along thecrater of Fujisan). It lies at the convergence point of three tectonic plates—the Philippine Sea Plate,the Eurasian Plate, and the North American Plate—lying under which on the eastern side is the
subducted Pacific Plate.
The geological composition of Fujisan comprises five strata formed during the various periods of
volcanic eruptions: (1) a base stratum formed by eruptions of a submarine volcano primarily during
the Miocene epoch of the Neogene period during the Cenozoic era (23 million–5 million years ago);(2) the Sen-Komitake Kazan (Pre-Komitake Volcano), which formed on top of the base during the1

Worship-ascent (“Tohai”):

Refers to the act of climbing step-by-step using a kongozue (a long walking stick or pilgrim’s staff) from the
Sengen-jinja shrines at the foot of Fujisan up to the final destination, the crater of Fujisan, which was believed to be theplace of the Shinto deity, Asama no Okami. At the summit, they carried out a practice called ohachimeguri, (around the bowl”) which was a pilgrimage to a number of slightly elevated points around the crater walls.

Pleistocene epoch during the Quaternary period of the Cenozoic era (approx. 2.58 million–10,000
years ago); (3) the Komitake Kazan (Komitake Volcano), which overlaps with the Sen-Komitake
Kazan (Pre-Komitake Volcano) but is completely distinct in terms of composition and properties; (4)the Ko-Fuji Kazan (Old Fuji Volcano), which formed on top of the others; and (5) the Shin-Fuji
Kazan (Young Fuji Volcano), which formed when eruptions once again covered the earlier volcanic
layers [refer to figure. 2-1] .

Figure 2-1

Schematic diagram of Fujisan (adopted with modificaiton from Nakata, Yoshimoto and Fujii, 2007).

The crater at the summit last experienced an explosive magma eruption roughly 2,200 years ago,
but there has continued to be volcanic activity in certain areas of the Fujisan Mountain Area since
the dawn of recorded history. In particular, in the region sandwiching the summit from the northwest
to southeast, fissures have appeared due to the continuing northward movement by the Philippine
Sea Plate, which is pushing on the Eurasian Plate from south-southeast, and a series of parasitic
volcanoes have formed nearly in a straight line along that line.
There have been at least ten confirmed periods of eruptions at the mountain area over the past
1,200 years: 781, 800-802, 864-866, 937, 999, 1033, 1083, 1435-1436, 1511, and 1707.
The ejecta such as the lava that flowed in the past from the volcano to the foot of Fujisan is
primarily basaltic volcanic matter, and with the summit as the central point, it extends outward to aradius of approximately 15–20 kilometers (at the widest points, roughly 30–40 kilometers). Because
it was of a moderate viscosity, a conic stratovolcano was formed that is nearly symmetrical on all
sides and at its base. Around the foot of Fujisan, a uniquely volcanic topography can be found that2

3

includes numerous wind caves and lava tree molds , and at the very end of the lava flows there are
4plentiful springs , fed by the rainfall on Fujisan, that produce 4.5 million–6.8 million m3 of potablewater each day. In particular, the springs on the northern and western bases of the mountain, alongwith rainfall, create an arch of lakes, springs, and waterfalls that surround the foot of the mountain.
These include the five lakes included in the “Fujigoko” (Fuji Five Lakes), the Oshino Hakkai springs,
the Shiraito no Taki waterfalls, and many other water features.

2Wind caves:

Generally refers to caves that have atmospheric circulation. In particular, the wind caves on Fujisan were created by lava. In somecases, the caves were formed after just the surface of the lava had hardened and the molten lava inside continued to flow, while inother cases gas accumulated within the lava flow, creating hollows within the lava. For further information on wind caves, please
see the description of Component Part 23.
3

Lava tree molds:

Hollows that are formed when trees are caught up in lava flows, the lava begins to harden around the tree, and the tree then isincinerated by the heat of the lava, leaving a cylindrical hole where the tree had been. For further information, see the references toComponent Parts 21 and 22.
4
Among the various springs at the foot of Fujisan, those that are particularly striking include the Kakitagawa River (about
million m3 of water daily) and Wakutamaike Pond (140,000 m3/day) on the southern side of the mountain, Shiraito no Tak
waterfalls (150,000–160,000 m3/day) and the Inokashira springs (120,000 m3/day in total) to the west, and the Oshino Hak
springs to the north.

The forest limit, at an elevation of about 2,500 meters, is the location for Fujisan’s fifth station

5,

above which lies volcanic wilderness and below which lies forests filled with different species oftrees depending on the elevation. Because the alpine zone (2,500 meters and up), centered on the
volcanic wilderness, experiences high temperatures and aridity in the summer, extremely low
temperatures in the winter, and is covered in constantly shifting volcanic rubble, it is a harshenvironment for diverse vegetation to survive in, and thus one only finds high-elevation plants in thiszone, such as Aconogonum weyrichii var. alpinum and Arabis serrata. Below that, in the subalpine
zone (1,600–2,500 meters), there is mainly a natural forest comprised primarily of Veitch’s silver fir(Abies veitchii), the northern Japanese hemlock (Tsuga diversifolia), and other conifers, while in themountain zone (900–1,600 meters) there is a mixture of suitably managed planted forests ofJapanese cypress trees (Chamaecyparis obtusa) and other trees along with natural forests of theJapanese beech (Fagus crenata), Quercus mongolica ssp. crispula, and other broadleaf trees.

Figure 2-25Distribution of eruptive fissures younger than 15,000 BC (Takada et al., 2007).

Fujisan’s fifth station:

The routes from the base of Fujisan to the summit are divided into 10 segments that are roughly based on elevation, an
to the fifth station of the 10. Although the precise elevation of the fifth station differs based on the route, it is generally
is roughly 2,400–2,500 meters in elevation. Because this station was considered to be the border between the earth andit was called “Tenchi no Sakai” (literally, “the heaven-earth border”).

(iii) Notable cultural characteristics – “object of worship” and “source of artistic
inspiration”
Fujisan’s natural volcanic environment inspired a feeling of reverence among the Japanesepeople, who had a time-honored tradition of worshipping mountains and other elements of nature,and so Fujisan became an “object of worship” that transcended the framework of Japan’s various
religions and sects.
It began with the practice of veneration from afar (“Yohai”), as people at the base of themountain gazed up at Fujisan in admiration. As eruptions subsided, Fujisan became the site for6

7

ascetic practices by the Buddhist ascetics , a unique religion created through a syncretism ofJapan’s ancient mountain-worship and the Buddhism that had been introduced from abroad. Many ofthese ascetics began going to the mountain to carry out their practices and make worship-ascents tothe mountain’s summit. Eventually, not only mountain ascetics but also general pilgrims

8

guided byascetics began to aim for the summit. From the 17th century on, as one type of Fujisan-worshipgroup known as “Fuji-ko” (Fuji pilgrimage association) began to flourish, a large number of the9

Fuji-ko adherents participated in worship-ascents. To serve these various pilgrims and Fuji-ko
adherents, shrines and Buddhist facilities were built on the mountain area or around the base of themountain, and at the same time various facilities such as a system of ascending routes and mountainhuts was set up as well. In the process, organizations were established to manage those facilities andto support the worship-ascent activities of the pilgrims and Fuji-ko adherents. At the same time, avariety of natural features that had been formed at the foot of the mountain by volcanic activities—awind cave, lava tree molds, lakes, springs, and waterfalls—began to be viewed as sacred sites, andthere was a boom in religious pilgrimages to those sites as well.
The zone above the forest limit on the mountain (around elev. 2,500 meters) was known topilgrims and Fuji-ko adherents as “Yakeyama” (literally, burned mountain) or “Hageyama” (literally,bald mountain) and was regarded as a sacred area belonging to the “other world” (the world after
death). In particular, the Fuji-ko adherents based near the entrance to the Yoshida Ascending Routeat the northern foot of the mountain were accustomed to referring to the wooded region as “Kiyama”(literally, tree mountain) or “Miyama” (literally, deep mountain) and the areas that had become

6

Ascetic practices:

The practices associated with Japan’s mountain worship generally entailed sequestering oneself on a sacred mountain, meditating,and carrying out acts that involved physical pain or danger. Particularly in the case of Fujisan worship, worship-ascents weconsidered to be an important element as well. Hasegawa Kakugyo, considered to be the founder of the Fuji-ko groups, is said tohave stood for 1,000 days inside a wind cave, and in order to cleanse his body and mind, he went to the lakes and waterfalls aroundFujisan to undergo in-water religious training. Fuji-ko adherents emulated Kakugyo by visiting lakes and waterfalls to undergo
in-water religious training as well.
7

Buddhist ascetics:

A unique Japanese religion that was formed through a syncretic blend of Japan’s ancient worship of mountains based on Shinto
beliefs, and the esoteric Buddhism and Taoism (belief in immortals) that had entered the country from China. The practitioners ofascetic Buddhism were known as mountain ascetics. They would sequester themselves in the mountains and carry out extremely
austere practices in order to attain “Satori”, or enlightenment.
8

Pilgrims (“Doja”):

A general term referring to those who climbed mountains as part of their faith. There were two types of Fujisan pilgrims: those who
belonged to the Fuji-ko societies that became popular in Edo from the 17th century on, and those who were led by mounascetics. For the purpose of this nomination, we have differentiated between the two. The former type of pilgrims are referred tohere as “Fuji-ko adherents,” while those who were pilgrims before the Fuji-ko became popular, those pilgrims who were guided by
the mountain ascetics of the Murayama Sengen-jinja Shrine at the southern foot of Fujisan, and others who made worship-ascents
unrelated to the Fuji-ko are referred to as “pilgrims.”
9

Fuji-ko adherents:

In this nomination, this term is used to refer to those pilgrims who specifically belonged to Fuji-ko societies.

grasslands because of resource use by local residents were called “Kusayama” (literally, grass
mountain) or “Kayahara” (literally, thatch field). A conscious linkage was made between Fujisan’slandscape structure and the worship-ascent beliefs of being able to cleanse oneself of worldly sinsand impurities by making the trip from the secular world of the “Kusayama” to the otherworldly“Yakeyama”. Moreover, the lakes, springs, and waterfalls scattered widely around the base of themountain were seen as the perfect place for the cold-water ablutions (“Mizugori”) in which people
entered the water to purify their bodies prior to climbing the mountain, and in particular, the practiceof making a circuit of eight lakes (“Hakkaimeguri”)—including the five lakes included in the“Fujigoko” (Fuji Five Lakes) —and conducting these water rituals became pervasive among manyof the Fuji-ko adherents.

Figure 2-3

Zones of Fujisan (adopted from a drawing provided by Fujiyoshida Museum of Local History).

Table 2-1

Plants and their vertical distribution
Southern side

Major plants
Aconogonum weyrichii
var.
alpinum,
Arabis serrata,
etc.

Vertical zones

Alpine(2,500m-)

Stages of Fujisan
ascent“Yakeyama”
Forest limit(2,500 m)

Northern side
Vertical zones

Alpine(2,500m-)

Major plants
Aconogonum weyrichii
var. alpinum,
Astragalus adsurgens, Alnus
maximowiczii, Vaccinium vitis-idaea,
Arabis serrata,
etc.

Abies veitchii, Abies mariesii, Tsuga
Sub-alpine diversifolia, Larix kaempferi, Betula“Kiyama”(1,600-2,500m) ermanii, Cacalia adenostyloides,
Clintonia udensis, Rhododendron
Umagaeshib hssp. crispula,
Quercus mongolica(1,000Fagus crenata, Pinus densiflora,around 1,500 m)
ssp. crispula, Mountainous
Mountainous Rhododendron dilatatum, Rosa hirtula,
Quercus mongolica“Kusayama”
maples, etc.
(900-1,700m)(830-1,600m) Rhododendron japonicum, Castanea
Fagus crenata,crenata, Quercus serrata, Tsuga
sieboldii, Chamaecyparis obtuse, Picea
Tsuga diversifolia, Larix
Sub-alpine
kaempferi, Betula ermanii, Abies(1,700-2,500m)
etc.
veitchii, Abies homolepis,

The majestic form of Fujisan as seen from the shores of the nearby lakes or seaside—particularly
the snow-capped visage of Fujisan in the winter—has been admired by people throughout the ages,
arousing a desire among those who view it to engage in various artistic and creative endeavors. Thus,
Fujisan has continued to have the nature as a “source of artistic inspiration”. In particular, the pitchof Fujisan’s slopes increases as it rises above the 1,500-meter mark, so the exquisite curve of thathigher slope has served as the focal point for many pictures and other representations of themountain’s contours. The scope of these upper reaches of the mountain area corresponds roughly to10

the sacred area above a borderline on each ascending route known as Umagaeshi .
Photo 2-2 “The Great Wave off Kanagawa” of “Thirty-Six Views of Mt Fuji” (1831 - 1836) by Katsushika
Hokusai (collection of Yamanashi Prefectural Museum, Yamanashi)
Photo 2-3 (right)
Shrine, Shizuoka)

Fuji Mandala Painted on Silk (ca. 16th century) (collection of Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha© Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine

Photo 2-4 Fujisan viewed from south (spring)© Shizuoka Prefectural Tourism Association© Yamanashi Prefecture

Photo 2-5

Fujisan viewed from north (summer)

Photo 2-6

Fujisan viewed from southeast (autumn)© Shizuoka Prefectural Tourism Association

Photo 2-7

Fujisan viewed from northeast (winter)© Yamanashi Prefecture

Photo 2-8

Fujisan viewed from north (autumn)© Narusawa Village2) Composition of the Property
The nominated property is comprised of a total of 25 component parts, as shown in table 2-2. In
addition, one of those component parts, the Fujisan Mountain Area, includes nine constituent
elements, such as the mountaintop worship sites and ascending routes.
As shown in figure 2-4, this cluster of component parts and constituent elements express
Fujisan’s nature either as an “object of worship” or a “source of artistic inspiration”, and its scope issufficient to demonstrate that Fujisan (1) is testimony to a unique mountain-related cultural traditionof Fujisan worship; (2) has a direct and tangible association with images of outstanding universal
significance among the many artistic works it has inspired; and (3) as a result, is an outstanding
example of a type of landscape of a sacred and majestic mountain that has become a celebrated
mountain worldwide.

Figure 2-4

10Schematic diagram of the Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan

Umagaeshi:

When making worship-ascents, ascents on horseback were permitted only up to a certain point, beyond which, it was believed, lay
the sacred area of the mountain. During the 18th to mid-19th centuries, the boom period for worship-ascent activities, Umagaeshi(literally, “the point where horses must turn back”) was consistently located at an elevation of about 1,500 meters.

Table 2-2

Categorization of component parts and constituent elements based on the two aspects of FujisanComponent parts (1 to 25) andconstituent elements (1-1 to 1-9)

No.

Fujisan Mountain Area

1

1-1

Mountaintop worship sites

1-2

Omiya-Murayama Ascending Route (present Fujinomiya
Ascending Route)

1-3

Suyama Ascending Route (present Gotemba Ascending Route)

1-4

Subashiri Ascending Route

1-5

Yoshida Ascending Route

1-6

Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine

1-7Lake Saiko

1-8

Lake Shojiko

1-9Lake Motosuko

2

Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine

3

Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrine

4

Murayama Sengen-jinja Shrine

5

Suyama Sengen-jinja Shrine

6

Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine (Subashiri Sengen-jinja Shrine)

7

Kawaguchi Asama-jinja Shrine

8

Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine

9“Oshi” Lodging House (Former House of the Togawa Family)

10“Oshi” Lodging House (House of the Osano Family)

11

Lake Yamanakako

12

Lake Kawaguchiko

13

Oshino Hakkai springs (Deguchiike Pond)

14

Oshino Hakkai springs (Okamaike Pond)

15

Oshino Hakkai springs (Sokonashiike Pond)

16

Oshino Hakkai springs (Choshiike Pond)

17

Oshino Hakkai springs (Wakuike Pond)

18

Oshino Hakkai springs (Nigoriike Pond)

19

Oshino Hakkai springs (Kagamiike Pond)

20

Oshino Hakkai springs (Shobuike Pond)

21

Funatsu lava tree molds

22

Yoshida lava tree molds

23

Hitoana Fuji-ko Iseki

24

Shiraito no Taki waterfalls

25

Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove

Object ofworship

Source ofartistic
inspiration

Photo 2-9

Aerial view of the nominated serial property© PREC Institute Inc.

3) Categorization of the Property’s Component Parts and Constituent
Elements by Its Two Aspects: “Object of Worship” and “Source of Artistic
Inspiration”
As noted in 2.a.2) above, based on Fujisan’s characteristics of being an “object of worship” and a“source of artistic inspiration”, the nominated property’s 25 component parts and the nineconstituent elements included in Component Part 1 can generally be classified into two categories:(1) places of worship-ascent and pilgrimage; and (2) viewpoints and views.
The former can further be broken down into three subcategories based on the nature of eachcomponent part and constituent element: (a) the Fujisan Mountain Area from Umagaeshi up, themountaintop worship sites, and the ascending routes extending from the base to the summit of themountain; (b) the compounds and buildings of the Sengen-jinja shrines and the “Oshi” Lodging
Houses at the foot of the mountain; (c) the wind cave, lava tree molds, lakes, springs, and waterfalls
that became spiritual spots and pilgrimage destinations.
These categories and subcategories are described in detail below.

(i) Places of worship-ascent and pilgrimage based on Fujisan’s aspect as an “objectof worship”(a) The Fujisan Mountain Area from Umagaeshi up, the mountaintop worship sites, andthe ascending routes extending from the base to the summit of the mountain
The scope of the Fujisan Mountain Area (Component Part 1) as an “object of worship”
corresponds to the area above Umagaeshi, an approximate elevation of 1,500 meters, which is aborderline that expresses the sacred nature of the area. In particular, the area above the forest limit
was considered to be the “other world” for humans, or in other words the world after death, and11

within that, the area above the eighth station is part of the compound of the Fujisan Hongu
Sengen Taisha Shrine (Component Part 2) and is viewed to be extremely sacred.
The Fujisan Mountain Area contains the mountaintop worship sites (Constituent Element 1-1)
that dot the crater walls, and several ascending routes (Constituent Elements 1-2 to 1-5) that
extend from Sengen-jinja shrines at the base of the mountain up to the summit. Also included are
facilities such as the mountain huts that are found alongside the ascending routes to offer
assistance to pilgrims and Fuji-ko adherents as they made their worship-ascents and carried out
their ascetic practices, as well as the stone structures such as stelae that they erected as evidenceof their worship of Fujisan.
Among the ascending routes are the Omiya-Murayama Ascending Route (Constituent Element
1-2) on the southern slope of the mountain, which is thought to have first been cleared in the 12th
century by the priest Matsudai1112

as he carried out his ascetic practices; the Suyama Ascending

Fujisan’s eighth station:

the routes from the base of Fujisan to the summit are divided into 10 segments roughly based on elevation, and this represents theeighth station of the 10. While the precise location differs according to the route, it is situated at an elevation of about 3,200–3,375
meters.
12

Matsudai:Matsudai, a priest of the Shugen sect of ascetic Buddhism is mentioned in the “Honchoseiki”, a historical document of Jap
compiled in the late 12th century.

Route (Constituent Element 1-3) on the southeastern slope, which is mentioned in a 1486 entry in
the “Kaikokuzakki”

13(Record of Travels); and the Subashiri Ascending Route (Constituent

Element 1-4) on the eastern slope, where archaeological excavations at the seventh station
discovered a round plaque bearing the image of a buddha (“Kakebotoke”)

14

with the inscriptionof the year 1384. The northern Yoshida Ascending Route (Constituent Element 1-5) is considered
to have been the main route for Fuji-ko adherents and from the latter half of the 18th century on,
it became the most popular route for both Fuji-ko adherents and other pilgrims as well.
In addition to the small shrines and stelae found along the ascending routes, other key sites
including small wooden or stone-made mountain huts were built to shelter the Fuji-ko adherents
and other pilgrims or climbers. These elements, including the routes themselves, are specificfeatures that indicate Fujisan’s unique worship-ascent system.
Once Fuji-ko adherents and other pilgrims reached the summit, they carried out a practicecalled “Ohachimeguri”, (literally, “going around the bowl”) which was a pilgrimage to a numberof slightly elevated points around the crater wall at the summit that had been named to reflect the
Buddhist world as depicted in the Buddhist mandalas. This practice is still carried out today bymany of those who climb Fujisan, making the mountaintop worship sites (Constituent Element
1-1) that provide the setting for that practice, along with the ascending routes themselves, anindispensable feature for indicating Fujisan’s unique worship-ascent system.
As described above, the Fujisan Mountain Area from Umagaeshi up, the mountaintop worshipsites, and the ascending routes extending from the base to the summit of the mountain fully
indicate the importance of Fujisan as an “object of worship”.

1. Fujisan Mountain Area
1-1. Mountaintop worship site
1-2. Omiya-Murayama Ascending Route (present Fujinomiya Ascending Route)
1-3. Suyama Ascending Route (present Gotemba Ascending Route)
1-4. Subashiri Ascending Route
1-5. Yoshida Ascending Route

Photo 2-10

13

Yoshida Ascending Route [1-5]© Imaki Hidekazu

Kaikokuzakki:

A journal and a collection of poems written by Shogoin-Monzeki Dokojunko of Kyoto when she travelled in Hokuriku, Kan
Oshu regions of Japan from 1486 to 1487.
14

Hanging Buddha (Kakebotoke):

A round plaque bearing the image of a Buddha, that is to be hung in the sanctum as the object for worship

(b) The compounds and buildings of the Sengen-jinja shrines and the “Oshi” Lodging
HousesFrom ancient times, Fujisan has repeated a cycle of dormancy and volcanic activity, and it
thus became the focus of veneration from afar (“Yohai”) as people at the base of the mountainlooked to the summit in worship. It is recorded in historical documents from a number of theSengen-jinja shrines that exist today that they were supposed to be built on sites from whichpeople had venerated Fujisan in the age of Japanese mythology

15. In particular, the layout of thecompound of the Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrine (Component Part 3) has no main building and isbuilt on an axis that stresses the view of Fujisan, which is thought to reflect the method in which
the ritual of veneration from afar of Fujisan was carried out in ancient times.
Subsequently, Fujisan began to erupt again in the late 8th century, and in the early 9th century
the ritsuryo government (centralized government under the ritsuryo codes) based in Kyoto built a
Sengen-jinja shrine at the southern base of the mountain that worships Fujisan as the “Goshintai”(literally, the sacred body of the god). In the latter half of the 9th century, a shrine was built on thenorthern base of the mountain as well in order to quell the eruptions. These shrines are believed tohave been the origins of the Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine (Component Part 2) and the
Kawaguchi Asama-jinja Shrine (Component Part 7), respectively.
In the latter half of the 11th century, as the volcanic eruptions subsided and the mountain
entered a dormant period, followers of ascetic Buddhism—a belief system created through afusion of mountain worship based on the ancient Japanese Shinto religion, and the esoteric
Buddhism and Taoism (belief in immortals) that had been introduced from China—began actively
carrying out ascetic practices in the Fujisan Mountain Area. Their bases of activity would later
develop into the Murayama Sengen-jinja Shrine (Component Part 4) and the Fuji Omuro
Sengen-jinja Shrine (Component Part 8).
As the worship-ascents became popular among the masses, the Sengen-jinja shrines built at
the base of the ascending routes, including the Suyama Sengen-jinja Shrine (Component Part 5)
and the Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine (Subashiri Sengen-jinja Shrine) (Component Part 6) thrived andbecame more influential.
At the base of the Yoshida Ascending Route, houses (Component Parts 9 and 10) were built
for the “Oshi” guides who made arrangements for the worship-ascents and provided lodging for
Fuji-ko adherents, and improvements were made to the compound of the Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji
Sengen-jinja Shrine (Constituent Element 1-6) as a place for people to worship before making theascent. These shrines and “Oshi” Lodging Houses clearly convey to the present day the conditionsin the latter half of the 18th century and the 19th century, when the Fuji-ko were at the height of
popularity among the commoners of the great city of Edo, the seat of the Shogunate.
As described above, the scope of the compounds of the Sengen-jinja shrines and “Oshi”
Lodging Houses fully indicates the importance of Fujisan as an “object of worship”.

1-6. Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine
15Japanese mythology:

In Japanese history books compiled in the 8th century, such as Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) and Nihon shoki (ChroJapan), legends related to the creation of the nation up until that point were depicted as myths.

2. Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine
3. Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrine
4. Murayama Sengen-jinja Shrine
5. Suyama Sengen-jinja Shrine
6. Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine (Subashiri Sengen-jinja Shrine)
7. Kawaguchi Asama-jinja Shrine
8. Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine
9.“Oshi” lodging house (Former House of the Togawa Family)
10.“Oshi” lodging house (House of the Osano Family)

Photo 2-11

Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine [1-6].

Photo 2-12

Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine [2]© Imaki Hidekazu© PREC Institute Inc.

(c) Wind cave, lava tree molds, lakes, springs, and waterfalls that became spiritual spots
and pilgrimage destinations
From the latter half of the 18th century on, the Fuji-ko groups became tremendously popularand not only did the adherents seek to make worship-ascents of Fujisan, but they also madepilgrimages to and conducted ascetic practices at a wind cave (Component Part 23), lava treemolds (Component Parts 21 and 22), lakes (Constituent Elements 1-7 to 1-9 and Component Parts
11 and 12), springs (Component Parts 13 to 20), waterfalls (Component Part 24), and othernatural sites around the base of the mountain where the ascetic Hasegawa Kakugyo and his
disciples once practiced. In particular, those who became leaders known as “Sendatsu”

16

in theFuji-ko would unfailingly visit and carry out ascetic rituals at these sites.
Kakugyo, who is considered the founder of the Fuji-ko, secluded himself in the Hitoana cave(located within Component Part 23, the Hitoana Fuji-ko Iseki) and carried out acts of austerity
such as standing on tiptoe on a small piece of timber for 1,000 days. He also is said to havecarried out cold-water ablutions and other water-related rituals in the eight lakes (including thefive lakes included in the “Fujigoko” (Fuji Five Lakes); Constituent Elements 1-7 to 1-9 andComponent Parts 11 and 12) at the foot of the mountain and in the pool below the Shiraito no
Taki waterfalls (Component Part 24). Many of the subsequent Fuji-ko adherents madepilgrimages to these sites to worship and emulate the rituals carried out by their founder. Amongthe places that became the focus of these ascetic practices were certain springs and lava treemolds that were considered sacred locations and pilgrimage sites by some Fuji-ko adherents.
These included (a) the Oshino Hakkai springs (Component Parts 13 to 20), sites of pilgrimages
that were said to imitate Kakugyo’s “Hakkai” practices, where adherents made a circuit of eightsmall springs found in the present-day Oshino region known as “Fujisan Nemoto Hakko” andcarried out water rituals at each; (b) the Funatsu lava tree molds (Component Part 21) where the17legend holds that he worshipped Asama no Okami ; and (c) the Yoshida lava tree molds(Component Part 22).
As described above, the scope of the wind cave, lava tree molds, lakes, springs, and waterfalls
that became spiritual spots and pilgrimage destinations fully indicates the importance of Fujisan
as an “object of worship”.

1-7. Lake Saiko
1-8. Lake Shojiko
1-9. Lake Motosuko

16

Sendatsu:

In the Fuji-ko, “Oshi” guides would bestow the qualification of Sendatsu on leaders of Fuji-ko adherents. “Oshi” guides would bein charge of all the arrangements for the Fuji-ko adherents who made worship-ascents during summer, including providing lodging
and meals and usually worked to spread Fujisan worship and to engage in prayer-giving and invocation, while Sendatsu would
guide them up the mountain and play a central role in religious ceremonies such as the Otakiage fire ceremony. One could not
become a Sendatsu without of course first having completed many worship-ascents, as well as having made the “Hakkaimeguri”
pilgrimage to eight lakes or completed other difficult ascetic practices.
17

Asama no Okami:

In order to pacify repeated eruptions, people started to worship Fujisan itself or the god residing in Fujisan as Asama no Okami in
the late 8th century. Particularly from the 18th century to the early 19th century when Fuji-ko became popular, many adherents ofFuji-ko believed Kohohana Sakuya Hime (goddess of flowering tree) as the incarnation of Asama no Okami or the goddess
Fujisan.

11. Lake Yamanakako
12. Lake Kawaguchiko
13. Oshino Hakkai springs (Deguchiike Pond)
14. Oshino Hakkai springs (Okamaike Pond)
15. Oshino Hakkai springs (Sokonashiike Pond)
16. Oshino Hakkai springs (Choshiike Pond)
17. Oshino Hakkai springs (Wakuike Pond)
18. Oshino Hakkai springs (Nigoriike Pond)
19. Oshino Hakkai springs (Kagamiike Pond)
20. Oshino Hakkai springs (Shobuike Pond)
21. Funatsu lava tree molds
22. Yoshida lava tree molds
23. Hitoana Fuji-ko Iseki
24. Shiraito no Taki waterfalls

Photo 2-13

Shiraito no Taki waterfalls [24]© Imaki Hidekazu

(ii) Viewpoints and views based on Fujisan’s aspect as a “source of artistic
inspiration”
The Nakanokura Pass, which is located on the northwest shore of Lake Motosuko (Constituent
Element 1-9), found at the northwest corner of the Fujisan Mountain Area (Component Part 1), is the
spot from which a photograph of Fujisan was taken that has been used several times in the design of18

Japan’s bank notes . Also, the Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove (Component Part 25), situated on
the western shore of Suruga Bay, is a scenic seaside location with a dense grove of pine trees thatwas invariably included in Ukiyo-e prints and other classical artistic depictions of Fujisan.
Accordingly, these two locations are extremely important as representative viewpoints from which
to view Fujisan.
The scenic landscape of the Fujisan Mountain Area (Component Part 1) as seen from the
Nakanokura Pass, located on the northwestern banks of Lake Motosuko (Constituent Element 1-9),
is included in the scope of the nominated property. It includes a view with the lake stretching out
broadly in the foreground, thick groves of trees surrounding the base of the mountain in theintermediate range, and the top of the mountain in the distance, thus providing an exquisite vista ofthe entire Fujisan Mountain Area (Component Part 1).
As described above, the scope of these two representative viewpoints from which to view theFujisan Mountain Area and the landscape that can be seen from there fully indicates the importanceof Fujisan as a “source of artistic inspiration” as people viewed and admired the mountain.

1. Fujisan Mountain Area
1-9. Lake Motosuko
25. Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove

Photo 2-14

Aerial view of Fujisan and Lake Motosuko from northwest© PREC Institute Inc.

Photo 2-15 View of the Fujisan Mountain Area from the viewpoint on the shore of Lake Motosuko© Imaki Hidekazu
Photo 2-16 View of the Fujisan Mountain Area from the viewpoint on the Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove© Shizuoka Prefectural Tourism Association

18

A photograph of Lake Motosuko and the Fujisan Mountain Area taken by Koyo Okada (1895–1972) from the Nakanoku
has been used several times in the design of Japan’s ¥1,000 and ¥5,000 bank notes.

4) Description of Component Parts
Component Part 1. Fujisan Mountain Area
Description
The Fujisan Mountain Area is an essential component part to justify the Outstanding Universal
Value of Fujisan both as an “object of worship” and a “source of artistic inspiration”.
The Fujisan Mountain Area (Component Part 1) corresponds to altitudes greater thanapproximately 1,500 m beyond “Umagaeshi” (literally, horse’s return, meaning the limit of ascent on
horseback), which is a marker of the boundary of the sacred space.

It covers a sufficient area of theviews of Fujisan seen from the two representative viewpoints that inspired artistic works ofoutstanding universal significance, including the areas constituting the views particularly of themountaintop and the ridge lines extending to its right and left.
The area above the forest limit at an altitude of approximately 2,500 m around the fifth station
was considered a sacred area or the “other world” to humans (the world after death), and was called“Yakeyama” (literally, burned mountain) or “Hageyama” (literally, bald mountain) by pilgrims andFuji-ko adherents.
Out of the Fujisan Mountain Area, the area above the eighth station (altitude approximately 3,200
to 3,375 m) has been regarded as the compound of the Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine since1779. This is based on the belief that Asama no Okami (the god of Sengen) is seated at the bottomof the crater (inner sanctum) on the mountaintop; therefore, the area starting from the eighth station,
which is almost the same altitude as the bottom of the crater to the mountaintop, is considered themost sacred area.
The Fujisan Mountain Area (Component Part 1) contains 9 constituent elements (from 1-1 to 1-9)that represent the Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan in both aspects as an “object of worship”
and a “source of inspiration”.

History of Legal Protection, Repair and Promotion
1911. Of the Imperial Forest

19

designated by the Meiji government of Japan that was establishedin 1868, the most area on the Yamanashi Prefecture side was granted to Yamanashi
Prefecture. The forest management as a prefectural property was initiated.
20

1924. Provisionally designatedas a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of Yamanashi

Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty
and Natural Monuments.
1926. “Fujisan Primeval Forest”, constituting a part of the view of the Fujisan Mountain Area
from Nakanokura Pass on the northwestern shore of Lake Motosuko was designated as a
Natural Monument under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic
Beauty and Natural Monuments.
21

1936. Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park

under the National Parks Law.

1947. Came to be administered and managed as a National Forest in relation to the abolishmentof the Imperial Forest system as a result of the unification of forest organizations.
1951. The Law on the Administration and Management of National Forests was enacted.
1952. The area provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for the
Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments wascancelled and newly designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for theProtection of Cultural Properties.
1952. The area designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty was redesignated as a Special Place of
Scenic Beauty.
1966. The designated area of the Special Place of Scenic Beauty was expanded.
22

1969. Erosion and landslide control project at Osawakuzure

was initiated by the national

government. This project continues on the southwestern slope.
1996. Response measures to the tree falls caused by typhoons were initiated by the national
government, Yamanashi Prefecture, and Shizuoka Prefecture.

This project still

continues.
2010. The designated area of the Natural Monument, Fujisan Primeval Forest, was expanded andrenamed as the “Fujisan Primeval Forest and Aokigaharajukai Woodland”.
2011. The area including the mountain area higher than the eighth station (but excluding the19

Imperial Forest:

Refers to the forests that are the property of the Imperial Family of Japan. On Fujisan, the forests that had originally bee
the Edo Shogunate became the state owned forests and then Imperial Forests in 1889.
20

Provisional designation:

Under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty, and Natural Monuments enacted in 1917, i
property were selected for designation by the Minister of Education as a Historic Site, Place of Scenic Beauty,
Monument and it was deemed necessary to protect the property prior to its designation, the regional chief (equivalent oprefectural governor) was allowed to make a provisional designation.
21

Fuji-Hakone National Park:

This national park became “Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park” in 1955 with the addition of the Izu Area.
22

Osawakuzure:A large area of sand/soil collapse that has continued for approximately 1,000 years at the source of the Osawagawa Riv
west slope of Fujisan (the area from immediately below the summit to an altitude of around 2,200 m).

Omiya-Murayama Ascending Route, the Suyama Ascending Route, the Subashiri
Ascending Route, and the Yoshida Ascending Route), the section of the Yoshida
Ascending Route below the eighth station, and the compound of Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji
Sengen-jinja Shrine was designated as a Historic Site under the Law for the Protection ofCultural Properties.
2011. Lake Saiko, Lake Shojiko, and Lake Motosuko were designated as a Place of Scenic
Beauty as a whole under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties.
2012. The entire sections of Omiya-Murayama Ascending Route, the Suyama Ascending Route,and the Subashiri Ascending Route and the section of the Yoshida Ascending Route above
the eighth station were added to the Historic Site under the Law for the Protection ofCultural Properties (on 18 November 2011, the Subdivision on Cultural Properties of theCouncil for Cultural Affairs reported in favor of the additional designation as a Historic
Site to the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Based on
this, the official notice of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology will be issued around February 2012).
Osawakuzure© Mount Fuji Sabo Office, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,

Photo 2-17

Aerial view of Fujisan from north© PREC Institute Inc.

Photo 2-18

Aerial view of Fujisan from south© Fuji City

Transport and Tourism

Constituent Element 1-1. Mountaintop worship sites
Description
The mountaintop worship sites that are included in the Fujisan Mountain Area (Component Part
1) are an essential constituent element that represents the Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan as
an “object of worship”.
At the Fujisan mountaintop, a group of places and facilities associated with Fujisan worship is
distributed along the crater wall.
As people began to perform worship-ascents, the construction of Buddhist temples and the
donation of Buddhist statues etc. took place at the mountaintop under the influence of the ascetic
Buddhism of the preceding periods; then, the religious activities at the mountaintop became moreorganized.

It became a common practice of pilgrims and Fuji-ko adherents to await and see“Goraigo” (or Goraiko)

23

near the summit, to worship and offer money to the gods and Buddhas

such as Asama no Okami, believed to be seated at the inner sanctum (“Naiin”) at the very bottom of24

the crater, or its “Honjibutsu”, Dainichi Nyorai (Mahavairocana Buddha) , and then to make a

23

Goraigo (Goraiko):“Goraigo” (sacred arrival) is a Brocken spectre interpreted as the apparition of the Buddha.
mountaintop came to be called similarly-pronounced “Goraiko” (sacred light).
24

Later, the sunrise from the

Honjibutsu:

With the rise of Buddhism in Japan, a belief that the indigenous gods of Japan and Buddhist gods were actually the same became
popular. According to this belief, the indigenous Shinto gods were in fact avatars or local Japanese manifestations of the various
Buddhas and bodhisattvas described in the Buddhist scriptures.

circuit pilgrimage called “Ohachimeguri”, visiting the several peaks around the crater wall (MtKengamine, Mt Mishimagatake, Mt Komagatake, Mt Sengendake, Mt Jojudake, Mt Izudake, Mt
Dainichidake, Mt Kusushidake, and Mt Hakusandake) to simulate visiting the worlds of Buddha thatare depicted in Buddhist mandalas. During the pilgrimage, Buddhist priests and Fuji-ko adherents
collected springwater from the wells at the mountaintop called “Kimmeisui” (literally, golden clear
water) and “Gimmeisui” (literally, silvery clear water) and worshipped Buddhist images in small
shrines at Higashiyasunokawara and Mt Kengamine.
The group of places and facilities on the mountaintop that are associated with Fujisan worship is
said to originate from those built by Matsudai, a 12th-centuryBuddhist.
25

sutras , “Kakebotoke” (hanging Buddhas), Buddhist statues
mountaintop or buried there as offerings.
considered the “inner sanctum”.

26

Subsequently, Buddhist

and other items were carried to the

Money was also thrown into the crater that was

In addition, by the 17th century at the latest, the Dainichido(Mahavairocana Buddha Hall) had been built at the mountaintop end of the Omiya-Murayama
Ascending Route (at the location of the present Okumiya of the Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha
Shrine) and the Yakushido (Bhaisajyaguru Buddha Hall) was built at the mountaintop end of the
Yoshida and Subashiri Ascending Routes (at the location of Kusushi-jinja Shrine at present).
In accordance with the Meiji government’s decree of 1868 to separate Shinto and Buddhism,
Buddhist facilities and statues at the mountaintop were removed in 1874; the names of the peaks
associated with Buddhas were also changed and Buddhist temples such as the Dainichido(Mahavairocana Buddha Hall) were converted to Shinto shrines.

However, people’s worship of themountaintop did not change.
Even today, stone monuments and Buddhist statues remain at many places on the mountaintop;
torii gates stand at the peaks (regarded as sacred spots) and at places for worshipping the inner
sanctum (Murayama-Omiya worshipping place, Suyama worshipping place, and Yoshida-Subashiri
worshipping place).

In particular, the worshipping of “Goraigo (Goraiko)” (sunrise) at themountaintop and the practice of “Ohachimeguri”, making a circuit of the crater wall peaks at themountaintop, are still conducted by many climbers today. Through such activities, the quintessenceof Fujisan worship has been loyally passed on to the present day.

25

Buddhist sutra:

The oldest found on the mountaintop is estimated to date from between the end of 12th century and the early 13th cen
26

Buddhist statue:

Probably identical to the statue of Buddha, which is introduced in the “Kaikokushi Soko”, a 19th-century journal, enshrin
mountain hut on the summit of Fujisan; a statue that has an inscription of the year 1303 (privately owned) is currently s
Yamanashi Prefectural Museum.

History of Legal Protection, Repair and Promotion
1924. Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of Yamanashi
Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty
and Natural Monuments
1936. Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law.
1952. The area provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for the
Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments wascancelled and newly designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for theProtection of Cultural Properties.
1952. The area designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty was redesignated as a Special Place of
Scenic Beauty.
2011. The area including the mountaintop was designated as a Historic Site under the Law for
the Protection of Cultural Properties.

Photo 2-19

Crater viewed from northwest© Yamanashi Prefecture

Photo 2-20 (left) Excavated artifact (Buddhist sutra found in a container case) from the mountaintop (collectionof Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine, Shizuoka)© Fujiyoshida Museum of Local History
Photo 2-21 (middle) Excavated artifact (hanging Buddha) from the mountaintop (collection of Fujisan Hongu
Sengen Taisha Shrine, Shizuoka)© Fujinomiya City Board of Education
Photo 2-22 (right) Excavated artifact (Buddhist statue with the inscription of the year 1303) from themountaintop (private collection)
Photo by Yamanashi Prefectural Museum
Photo 2-23

“Ohachimeguri” (a circuit of the peaks of the crater wall at the mountaintop)

Photo 2-24

Crater including the inner sanctum

Photo 2-25

Okumiya of Fujisan Hongu Shengen Taisha Shrine (front)

Photo 2-26

Kusushi-jinja Shrine (front)

Photo 2-27

Climbers awaiting the sunrise (“Goraigo” or “Goraiko”) at the mountaintop

Photo 2-28 (right)© Imaki Hidekazu© Imaki Hidekazu© Imaki Hidekazu© Imaki Hidekazu

Sunrise (“Goraigo” or “Goraiko”) viewed from the mountaintop.

© PREC Institute Inc.
© PREC Institute Inc.

Constituent Element 1-2. Omiya-Murayama Ascending Route (present Fujinomiya
Ascending Route)Description
The Omiya-Murayama Ascending Route (present Fujinomiya Ascending Route) is an essential
constituent element that represents the Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan as an “object ofworship”.
The Omiya-Murayama Ascending Route (present Fujinomiya Ascending Route) (Constituent
Element 1-2) is an ascending route that starts from Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine(Component Part 2) at the southwestern foot of Fujisan and reaches the south side of themountaintop via the Murayama Sengen-jinja Shrine (known as Kohoji Temple) (Component Part 4).

It is said that climbing the southern side of Fujisan started as a result of the activities of the
12th-century Buddhist priest Matsudai and that organized climbing by the Shugen sect of ascetic
Buddhism began in the early 14th century, mainly on the southern side.
From the 17th century to the late 19th century, three powerful lodging house groups known as“Murayama Sambo”

27(the three lodging houses of Murayama) took care of the Murayama

Sengen-jinja Shrine (Kohoji Temple) and ascending routes. The Shugen ascetics affiliated with them
performed religious training at the ascending routes etc.

In addition, ordinary people also began

undertaking the worship-ascent, as depicted in the “Fuji Mandala Painted on Silk”[refer to Photo2-3.], which was considered to be drawn in the 16th century.
From the records of the “Daikyobo”, one of the lodging house groups, which date back to theperiod between the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the number of pilgrims in ordinary years wasin the hundreds, but it reached around 2,000 in the year of “Goennen”, which is the special year28

celebrated every 60 years based on the legend of the birth of Fujisan .
In addition, the Omiya-Murayama Ascending Route was taken by Sir Rutherford Alcock(1809-1892), an English minister, who became the first foreigner to climb Fujisan in 1860.
In 1906, a new route opened that reaches the present sixth station (at an altitude of 2,600 m) from
Omiya without passing through Murayama. As a result, the old section lost its function as an
ascending route.

In this particular section, it is now difficult to identify the original course of theascending route, excluding some areas and the religious facility sites.

In addition, a motorway thatreaches an altitude of 2,400 m was opened in 1970; after that, people used the motorway to begin
their ascent of climb Fujisan.

Currently, the section from the fifth station to the summit is called

the “Fujinomiya Ascending Route”; however, the area nominated as the Omiya-Murayama
Ascending Route extends only from the sixth station to the summit. Alongside this section, several
mountain huts can be found that provide accommodation to climbers.
Since the 18th century, people from the villages at the foot of the mountain have been
maintaining a tradition of building a torii gate as an offering on the ascending route near the summit
29

in the Year of the Monkey , which comes around every 12 years.

27

Murayama Sambo:

The presumptive locations are shown in Figure 2-32.
28

Legend of the birth of Fujisan:

The legend says that Fujisan was created overnight in the 92nd year of Emperor Koan (probably ca. 300 B.C.). The legend spread
after the 13th century. It is thought that the custom of celebrating the anniversary of Fujisan every 60 years after the birth of
Fujisan as the year of “Goennen” started around the 15th century. Particularly in the “Goennen” years of 1800 and 1860, it isrecorded that many pilgrims and Fuji-ko adherents climbed Fujisan.
29
The Year of the Monkey:
This year occurs every 12 years, which was also considered an important year, because the birth year of Fujisan was also a year ofMonkey.

History of Legal Protection, Repair and Promotion
1936. Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law.
1947. Came to be administered and managed as a national forest in relation to the abolishment of
the Imperial Forest system as a result of the unification of forest organizations.
1951. The Law on the Administration and Management of National Forests was enacted.
1952. Designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for the Protection of Cultural
Properties.
1952. The area designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty was redesignated as a Special Place of
Scenic Beauty.
2012. Designated as a Historic Site under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties (on18 November 2011, the Subdivision on Cultural Properties of the Council for Cultural
Affairs reported in favor of additional designation as a Historic Site to the Minister of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Based on this, the official notice ofthe Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology will be issued aroundFebruary 2012.

Photo 2-29 Fuji Mandala Painted on Silk (part where Omiya-Murayama Ascending Route is depicted. Circa 16th
century) (collection of Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine, Shizuoka)© Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine
Photo 2-30

Torii gate near the summit built by people living in mountain-foot villages

Photo 2-31

Omiya-Murayama Ascending Route (near the 9.5th station point)© PREC Institute Inc.

© PREC Institute Inc.

Constituent Element 1-3. Suyama Ascending Route (present Gotemba Ascending
Route)
Description
The Suyama Ascending Route (present Gotemba Ascending Route) is an essential constituent
element that represents the Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan as an “object of worship”.
The Suyama Ascending Route (present Gotemba Ascending Route) (Constituent Element 1-3)
starts at Suyama Sengen-jinja Shrine (Component Part 5) at the south-eastern foot of Fujisan andreaches the south-eastern part of the mountaintop.
Although its origin is not clear, there is a word in the “Kaikokuzakki” dating from the late 15th
century, “Suhamaguchi”, which is construed as the Suyama Ascending Route. As a result of the
Hoei eruption30

of 1707, which occurred near the ascending route, it suffered devastating damage.

Subsequently, the course of the route was partially changed and it was not until 1780 that theascending route was fully recovered.
The ascending route and a well at the mountaintop known as “Gimmeisui” were managed by
Suyama Sengen-jinja Shrine and Suyama Village, where the route was located.
30

In many places

Hoei eruption:

The eruption that occurred on the south-eastern slope of Fujisan in 1707 (the 4th year of Hoei). Three creators were formed as aresult. The volcanic ash reached Edo, some 100 km away. The Hoei eruption is the last known eruption of Fujisan.

alongside the ascending route, spots remain that were used by the Shugen ascetics affiliated with
Murayama Sengen-jinja Shrine (Kohoji Temple) for religious training and/or prayer. In addition,
31

along the ascending route near the first station, a wind cave called Suyama Otainai (“sacredwomb”) can be found, which is said to have been visited by pilgrims who made the worship-ascent.
The annual number of people who made the worship-ascent on the Suyama Ascending Route isestimated to have been approximately 5,400 people in 1800 (“Goennen” year), approximately 1,700
in the early 1840s, and approximately 3,600 in 1860 (the “Goennen” year).
In 1883 the Gotemba Ascending Route was opened, which connects to the point of the 2.8th
station of the Suyama Ascending Route (at an altitude of 2,050 m).

Also, the Tokaido Honsen

railway line opened in 1889, making the Gotemba Ascending Route more convenient than the
Suyama Ascending Route.
Furthermore, in 1912 a section of the Suyama Ascending Route became part of the army’s
maneuver field and therefore was no longer used as an ascending route.

Consequently, theworship-ascents on the Suyama Ascending Route declined completely.
Below the 2.8th station point, it is only limitedly possible to identify the course of the Suyama
Ascending Route that existed before the opening of the Gotemba Ascending Route. The area
nominated as the Suyama Ascending Route consists of two parts: the section from the 2.8th station
point to the summit, which is still in use by the name of “Gotemba Ascending Route” and the section
near the first station of the Suyama Ascending Route (at an altitude of 1,435 m to 1,690 m) that is in
use as a walking trail.

In addition, alongside the route above the 2.8th station point, several

mountain huts exist, many of which provide accommodation to climbers today.

31

Otainai:

The details of the religious activities associated with Otainai are described in the explanation for Component Parts 21 a
Funatsu lava tree molds and Yoshida lava tree molds.

History of Legal Protection, Repair and Promotion
1936. Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law.
1947. Came to be administered and managed as a national forest in relation to the abolishment of
the Imperial Forest system as a result of the unification of forest organizations.
1951. The Law on the Administration and Management of National Forests was enacted.
1952. Designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for the Protection of Cultural
Properties.
1952. The area designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty was redesignated as a Special Place of
Scenic Beauty.
1966. The designated area of the Special Place of Scenic Beauty was expanded.
2012. Designated as a Historic Site under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties (on18 November 2011, the Subdivision on Cultural Properties of the Council for Cultural
Affairs reported in favor of the additional designation as a Historic Site to the Minister of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Based on this, the official notice ofthe Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology is planned to beissued around February 2012.)
Photo 2-32

Suyama Ascending Route (near the 1st station)© Imaki Hidekazu

Constituent Element 1-4. Subashiri Ascending Route
Description
The Subashiri Ascending Route is an essential constituent element that represents theOutstanding Universal Value of Fujisan as an “object of worship”.
The Subashiri Ascending Route (Constituent Element 1-4) starts at Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine(Component Part 6) at the eastern foot of Fujisan, merging with the Yoshida Ascending Route(Constituent Element 1-5) at the eighth station (at an altitude of approximately 3,350 m), andreaching the eastern side of the mountaintop.
Although its origin is not clear, a “Kakebotoke” (hanging Buddha) with an inscription of the year
1384 was excavated on the route at the seventh station (at an altitude of approximately 2,925 m), andis the oldest extant example of an offering to Fujisan. There is a description regarding the32congestion of pilgrims on the Suyama Ascending Route in the year 1500 in the “Katsuyamaki” .
By the 17th century at the latest, Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine and Subashiri Village (present
Subashiri in Oyama Town), where the route was located, gained control of the entire ascending route
up to the mountaintop, entertaining the authority to own a part of the money people left at themountaintop as an offering.

However, in the 18th century, conflicts arose between Subashiri

Village and Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine (Component Part 2) over authority of the
32

Katsuyamaki:

A record written by several people, which describes events from 564 to 1563 about the records of landlords,
disasters in the area on the northern side of Fujisan. When the “Kaikokushi”, a general book about Kai Province (prese
Yamanashi Prefecture), was newly compiled in 1814, the collection of records thusfar was named “Katsuyamaki”.

mountaintop. After they asked the Edo Shogunate for mediation in both 1703 and 1772, theShogunate officially vested authority in Subashiri Village.
At the time of the Hoei eruption in 1707, not only the ascending route but also the Fuji
Sengen-jinja Shrine and Subashiri Village were buried and devastated under sand from the eruption.
However, as early as the following year, recovery was completed with support from the Edo
Shogunate.

A large number of pilgrims and Fuji-ko adherents came back to make theworship-ascent in the subsequent years.

In the late 18th century, the series of sacred sites andpilgrimage destinations that existed between Edo and Fujisan were integrated into pilgrimage routes
together with the Subashiri Ascending Route. As a result, the number of pilgrims and Fuji-ko
adherents reached approximately 10,000 annually on average and even as high as 23,700 in 1800
(the special year of “Goennen”).
In 1959, a road compatible with the passage of buses was constructed from the southern foot of
the mountain to the present fifth station (at an altitude of approximately 2,000 m).

Consequently,

the section of the ascending route below the fifth station was rarely used, resulting in some sections
where the ascending route cannot be identified. The area nominated as the Subashiri Ascending
Route is the section from the fifth station to the summit, which is still in use today. Alongside thissection, several mountain huts exist, most of which provide accommodation to climbers. At mostof the mountain huts, precious materials such as “Maneki”

33

donated by Fuji-ko groups have beenpreserved.
In 1979, several Shinto shrines that existed alongside the ascending route below the fifth station
were relocated and merged to form the Komitake-jinja Shrine at the fifth station. Around the oldsixth station (at an altitude of approximately 2,700 m), there is an “Otainai” wind cave that attracted
worship from pilgrims and Fuji-ko adherents.

Furthermore, the Mukaekusushi-jinja Shrine can befound at the ninth station (at an altitude of approximately 3,575 m) and is thought to have existed in
the 18th century as a subsidiary shrine of Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine (Component Part 6) as well as theflatland called “Hinomigozen”, one of the places to worship the sunrise from afar.

33

Maneki:A wooden plate or a cloth on which the name or stamp of a Fuji-ko group is shown. Fuji-ko adherents left “Maneki” in sm
shrines and/or mountain huts along ascending routes to show their passage in the process of worship-ascent. Refer to page A2-17 ofAppendix 2. Photo 2-46.

History of Legal Protection, Repair and Promotion
1936. Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law.
1947. Came to be administered and managed as a national forest in relation to the abolishment of
the Imperial Forest system as a result of the unification of forest organizations.
1951. The Law on the Administration and Management of National Forests was enacted.
1952. Designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for the Protection of Cultural
Properties.
1952. The area designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty was redesignated as a Special Place of
Scenic Beauty.
1966. The designated area of the Special Place of Scenic Beauty was expanded.
2012. Designated as a Historic Site under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties (on18 November 2011, the Subdivision on Cultural Properties of the Council for Cultural
Affairs reported in favor of the additional designation as a Historic Site to the Minister of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Based on this, the official notice ofthe Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology is planned to beissued around February 2012.)
Photo 2-33 Excavated artifact (“Kakebotoke”, or hanging Buddha) from Subashiri Ascending Routefront (left) and back (right) (collection of Oyama Town Board of Education, Shizuoka)© Oyama Town Board of
Education
Photo 2-34
station point)

Subashiri Ascending Route after the confluence point with Yoshida Ascending Route (near the 8.5th© Imaki Hidekazu

Photo 2-35

Subashiri Ascending Route (from 5th to 6th stations).

© Oyama Town Board of Education

Constituent Element 1-5. Yoshida Ascending Route
Description
The Yoshida Ascending Route is an essential constituent element that represents the Outstanding
Universal Value of Fujisan as an “object of worship”.
The Yoshida Ascending Route (Constituent Element 1-5) is an ascending route starting at the
Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine (Constituent Element 1-6) and reaching the eastern part ofthe mountaintop.
At the second station of the Yoshida Ascending Route (at an altitude of approximately 1,720 m),
it is said, there used to be a statue of a god inscribed with a year in the late 12th century that had
been donated as an offering.

It is thought that in the 13th and 14th centuries at the latest a center

for Shugen ascetics was formed there. According to the “Katsuyamaki”, many people made theworship-ascent using the Yoshida Ascending Route in the late 15th century.
From the 16th century to the 17th century, Hasegawa Kakugyo is said to have undergone
religious training using the Yoshida Ascending Route.

In the early 18th century, Jikigyo Miroku(1671-1733), who built the foundation of the flourishing of Fuji-ko, designated this Yoshida
Ascending Route as the primary route for his followers when he passed away in the religious

training attempting to enter the supreme plane of meditation

34. Thus, from the late 18th century

when the number of Fuji-ko adherents gradually increased, the number of people who used the
Yoshida Ascending Route in order to climb to the mountaintop increased, almost equaling the total
number of climbers using other ascending routes.
At the important points along the route, there are torii gates, or their remains, to signify theboundaries of the sacred area, the mountain-ascent gate in the compound of the Kitaguchi Hongu
Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine, which marks the starting point of the Yoshida Ascending Route,“Umagaeshi” (the limit of ascent on horseback), the second station where the main shrine of the Fuji
Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine (Component Part 8) existed, and “Tenchi no Sakai” (literally, border
between Heaven and Earth), which marked the boundary between “Yakeyama”(literally, burned
mountain) and “Kiyama” (literally, tree mountain).

In addition, there were several locations along

the Yoshida Ascending Route that would build (in the minds of pilgrims and Fuji-ko adherents) the
impression of Fujisan as a sacred mountain, such as the Suzuharasha Shrine at the first station, where
Dainichi Nyorai (Mahavairocana Buddha) had been worshipped before the national movement toabolish Buddhism, and the remains and sites of the religious facilities at the second station, such as
the Gyojado (Pilgrims Hall) at the second station. The pilgrims and Fuji-ko adherents erected stonemonuments and other stone-made structures at many locations along the ascending route o record thesuccessful worship-ascent or pilgrimage, and also to pay tribute or pray for the souls of the Fuji-ko
leaders called “Sendatsu” and other people.
There are several examples of historical significance among the natural features along the route,such as the Eboshiiwa Rock, where Jikigyo Miroku entered the supreme plane of meditation, at the7.5th station poin.

Other examples are the Kyogatake, where Nichiren

35(1222 – 1282) is said tohave enshrined the Lotus Sutra, as well as the Gozaishi Rock, where Hasegawa Kakugyo is said tohave undergone religious training, and the Kameiwa Rock, where the Eight Great Dragon Kings

36

are worshipped as the gods of the water. Along the route below the fifth station, there are thevestiges of rest facilities etc. for pilgrims and Fuji-ko adherents, such as the Chujikido (a building forhaving lunch and rest) at the third station. Along the route above the fifth station, many mountainhuts that provide accommodation to climbers can be found. At these mountain huts, precious
materials such as the “Maneki” donated by Fuji-ko adherents, as well as the statues of gods andBuddhas have been preserved.
The Yoshida Ascending Route is the only old ascending route that can be climbed on foot fromthe mountain base to the summit and the entire route is included in the nominated property. In
addition, it is an ascending route used by many climbers still today. The traditional use, initiated by
Fuji-ko adherents who used it as the main ascending route, has been maintained.

34

Supreme plane of meditation:

The status of becoming a Buddha in this world, transcending the boundary between life and death, for the purposes of tof the general public until Maitoreya Buddha descends. A religious ideal of esoteric Buddhism related to the belief that abody can reach Nirvana.
Jikigyo Miroku aimed to enter the supreme plane of meditation at the old 7.5 station point (present 8 station)
Ascending Route and passed away in the training.
35

Nichiren:A 13th-century Buddhist priest, who chose the Lotus Sutra as the correct teachings of the Buddha. The teachings of thesect, which he started, spread mainly among the samurai, merchants, and workers in the Kanto region.
36

Eight Great Dragon Kings:

The gods protecting Buddha’s Law, who appear in the Lotus Sutra. Generally, they are associated with rain and water.

History of Legal Protection, Repair and Promotion
1911. Out of the Imperial Forest designated by the Meiji government of Japan that wasestablished in 1868, the most area on the Yamanashi Prefecture side was granted to
Yamanashi Prefecture. At this time, the forest management as a prefectural property was
initiated.
1924. Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of Yamanashi
Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty
and Natural Monuments.
1936. Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law.
1947. Came to be administered and managed as a national forest in relation to the abolishment of
the Imperial Forest system as a result of the unification of forest organizations.

1951. The Law on the Administration and Management of National Forests was enacted.
1952. The area provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for the
Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments wascancelled and newly designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for theProtection of Cultural Properties.
1952. The area designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty was redesignated as a Special Place of
Scenic Beauty.
1996. Response measures to the tree falls caused by typhoons were initiated by the national
government and Yamanashi Prefecture. This project continues today.
1998 - 2000.

Improvement work on Umagaeshi and Suzuharasha on the Yoshida Ascending

Route was conducted.
2011. The section of the Yoshida Ascending Route below the eighth station was designated as aHistoric Site under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties.
2012. The section of the Yoshida Ascending Route from the eighth station to the summit was
designated as a Historic Site under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties (on 18
November 2011, the Subdivision on Cultural Properties of the Council for Cultural Affairs
reported in favor of the additional designation as a Historic Site to the Minister of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Based on this, the official notice ofthe Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology is planned to beissued around February 2012.)© Imaki Hidekazu

Photo 2-36

Eboshiiwa Rock (left)

Photo 2-37

Yoshida Ascending Route (near “Umagaeshi”)© Imaki Hidekazu

Photo 2-38

Mountain hut of the Yoshida Ascending Route© PREC Institute Inc.

Photo 2-39

Yoshida Ascending Route (near the 1st station)© Imaki Hidekazu

Photo 2-40

Yoshida Ascending Route (near the 9th station)© PREC Institute Inc.

Constituent Element 1-6. Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine
Description
The Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine is an essential constituent element that represents
the Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan as an “object of worship”.
The Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine (Constituent Element 1-6) is a Shinto shrine thatdeveloped closely with Fuji-ko and the “Oshi” guides of Yoshida (part of the present-day
Fujiyoshida City).
It has its origin as a place to worship Asama no Okami of Fujisan from afar. According to thehistorical document of the shrine, it is said to date back to the mythological times of Japan. The
entire surrounding area was a forested area called “Suwanomori”, which had at its center the
Suwa-jinja Shrine in which local tutelar gods were worshipped originally. According to the“Katsuyamaki”, the torii gate in association with Fujisan itself had been built within the forest by1480; it is known that in the mid-16th century at the latest the first shrine buildings of theSengen-jinja Shrine were constructed.

Subsequently, the present main hall of the east shrine wasbuilt in 1561, the main hall of the west shrine in 1594, and the central main hall in 1615.

In the1730s, the repair work for the buildings in the compound was conducted with contributions from
Murakami Kosei (1682-1759), a leader of Fuji-ko, laying the foundation of the landscape of thepresent shrine compound. The above-mentioned three main halls, the prayer-giving hall, theoffering hall, middle gates, subsidiary shrines, etc. were newly built or repaired at this time.
The Fuji-ko adherents who aimed to climb Fujisan, after departing from an “Oshi” lodging house,first visit the Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine.

Going through the torii gate to enter thecompound, they proceed on the approach road lined with overhanging cypress and cedar trees
toward the main hall.

On both sides of the approach road stand stone lanterns and near the middle

section of the approach remain base stones of a “Niomon” gate, which are the archaeologicalremains of a Buddhist facility. Near the end of the approach road, a stream runs across the shrinecompound; pilgrims and Fuji-ko adherents purified themselves by bathing in this stream. Acrossthe stream over a stone bridge, there is a large torii gate, which ranks among the largest wooden torii
gates in Japan. This is thought to be a Fujisan torii gate, rather than a torii gate of a Sengen-jinja
shrine, which has been continuously rebuilt since it was first erected in 1480. After the middle gate,
the Kaguraden Hall can be found in the front.

Every year on the first of July, the mountain-opening

festival is observed in prayer for the safety of climbers; on this occasion, the sacred music and dance
called “Daidai Kagura” is performed on the Kaguraden Hall as an offering directed to the main hall.
The central main hall is a one-bay structure with a hipped gabled roof of cedar bark.

It isattached with a protruding roof to an undulating gable in the front and surrounded at the front andsides with the balustraded veranda supported with inserted bracket arms. The main halls of the east
and west shrines standing on the right and left of the main hall are both one-bay structures with anagare-zukuri style cedar bark roof.

Individual parts of the three main halls are lacquered andvividly colored, decorated with engravings and metal fittings.

They accurately show theornamental characteristics of the respective periods of construction.
Until the late 19th century, the Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine administration was in
the hands of the “Oshi” guides of Yoshida and the priests of the shrine were selected from “Oshi”
guides.
Behind the main hall of the west shrine is the mountain-ascent gate. The Yoshida Ascending
Route (Constituent Element 1-5) starts from this shrine compound and extends to the Fujisan
mountaintop.

Fuji-ko adherents visited the Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine, chanting
37

Buddhist prayer on the way , after departing from an “Oshi” lodging house. After giving prayer at
the prayer-giving hall, they set out on the Fujisan ascent.
Since old times, it has been the rule that the season for the worship-ascent of Fujisan starts on the
1st of July and religious services praying for the safety of people on the mountain during the summer
have been conducted at the Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine for the “Mountain-OpeningDay”. Today, a grand parade celebrating the opening of the mountain and a ceremony of cutting

37

Fuji-ko adherents chanted the ,phrase“zange, zange, rokkon shojo” (repent, repent, cleanse and purify six senses), wishing
to cleanse and purify themselves of sins of the secular world. This is known as “Kakenembutsu”.

off the straw festoon called “Shimenawa” at the starting point of the ascending route are conducted
on 30 June, the day before the opening of the mountain; it is virtually the mountain-opening festival.
After the Mountain-Opening Day and until the “Yoshida no Himatsuri” (Yoshida Fire Festival),
which is performed as a ceremony to close the mountain on 26 and 27 August, the Kitaguchi Hongu
Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine compound becomes active with many Fuji-ko adherents travelling to themountaintop.
The Yoshida Fire Festival, which is performed mainly in the Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja
Shrine compound, is the ritual of both the Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine and the
Suwa-jinja Shrine, located within its compound, at the same time.

On 26 August, people departfrom the compound carrying portable shrines (one portable shrine of the orthodox style from theSuwa-jinja Shrine and the other in the image of Fujisan shining red in the sunlight) to make a tour of
the town toward “Otabisho” (house of rest of the gods) in the Oshi residential area. When the
portable shrines arrive at Otabisho, bonfires are lit around the town and the Yoshida Ascending
Route mountain huts light torches simultaneously. The Yoshida Fire Festival is important since it
represents the tradition of valuing harmony with the natural environment created by the volcano.

Figure 2-19

Map of Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine© PREC Institute Inc.

History of Legal Protection, Repair, and Promotion
1907. The main hall of the east shrine was designated as a Specially Protected Building underthe Ancient Shrines and Temples Preservation Law.
1924. Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of Yamanashi
Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty
and Natural Monuments.
1929. The main hall of the east shrine was designated as a National Treasure under the National
38

Treasures Preservation Law .
1936. Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law.
1950. The main hall of the east shrine was designated as an Important Cultural Property under
the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties.
1952. The area provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for the
Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments wascancelled and the compound was newly designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the
Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties.
1952. The area designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty was redesignated as a Special Place of
Scenic Beauty.
1952. Repair work was conducted for the roof etc. of the main hall of the east shrine.
1953. The Main Hall and the main hall of the west shrine were designated as Important Cultural
Properties under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties.
1962 - 63. Dismantling repair work was conducted for the main hall of the west shrine.
1973 - 74. Repair work with partial dismantling was conducted for the Main Hall, the main hallof the west shrine, and the offering hall.
1981 - 82. Repair work with partial dismantling was conducted for the main hall of the east
shrine.
1997. Repair work with partial dismantlement was conducted for the Main Hall.
2011. The compound of the Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine was designated as aHistoric Site under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties.
Photo 2-41 (left)

Strow-festoon-cutting ceremony at the mountain-ascent gate

Photo 2-42 (right)

Daidai Kagura© Imaki Hidekazu

Photo 2-43

Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine / Prayer-giving hall

Photo 2-44

Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine / Mountain-ascent gate

38

© Imaki Hidekazu© Imaki Hidekazu© Imaki Hidekazu

National Treasures Preservation Law:

Based on Section 3 of the additional provisions of the said law, properties that had been designated as Speci
Buildings under the Ancient Shrines and Temples Preservation Law were regarded as National Treasures. This i
Component Part 2.

Photo 2-45

Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine / Main hall (side)© Imaki Hidekazu

Photo 2-46

Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine / Main hall (front)© Imaki Hidekazu

Photo 2-47

Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine / East shrine (front)© Imaki Hidekazu

Photo 2-48

Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine / West shrine (front)

Photo 2-49

Yoshida Fire Festival

Photo 2-50 (right)© Imaki Hidekazu© Imaki Hidekazu“Fuji-ko” adherents in pilgrimage© Imaki Hidekazu

Constituent Element 1-7. Lake Saiko
Description
Lake Saiko is an essential constituent element that represents the Outstanding Universal Value of
Fujisan as an “object of worship”.
Lake Saiko (Constituent Element 1-7) in its present shape formed as a result of eruptions in the
9th century that caused large quantities of lava to flow into Lake Motosuko and Lake Senoumi,
which were dammed lakes formed by the volcanic activities of Fujisan.

Including Lake Saiko, thefive large lakes that are distributed in an arc at the northern foot of the mountain of Fujisan are called

“Fujigoko” (Fuji Five Lakes).
Based on the tradition that Hasegawa Kakugyo is said to have undergone in-water religious
training in lakes at the foot of Fujisan in the late 16th century, the religious training called“Uchihakkaimeguri” (circuit of the eight seas), in which lakes in the Fujisan surrounding areas areserially visited, came to be conducted by Fuji-ko adherents.

In a document likely written by

Kakugyo in the late 16th century, Lake Saiko was mentioned as one of the lakes in which Kakugyo
himself underwent “Hakkaisuigyo”.

In the “Sanjuichinichi no Omaki”

39

written in 1733, Jikigyo

Miroku mentioned eight lakes as the pilgrimage destinations for “Uchihakkaimeguri”. Amongthese eight lakes, the Fujigoko (Fuji Five Lakes) including Lake Saiko have invariably been thepilgrimage destinations for in-water religious training through different periods of time.

Figure 2-24

Map of Lake Saiko© PREC Institute Inc.

History of Legal Protection, Repair and Promotion
1924. Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of Yamanashi
Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty
and Natural Monuments.
1936. Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law.
1952. The provisional designation of Lake Saiko as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of
Yamanashi Prefecture was cancelled.
2011. Designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for the Protection of Cultural
Properties.
Photo 2-51

Aerial view of Lake Saiko from south

Photo 2-52

Fujisan viewed from Lake Saiko39© PREC Institute Inc.

© Imaki Hidekazu

Sanjuichinichi no Omaki:

A record made by Tanabe Juroemon of the words of Jikigyo Miroku, when he fasted on the Eboshiiwa Rock at the 7.5th sof the Yoshida Ascending Route in 1733.

Constituent Element 1-8. Lake Shojiko
Description
Lake Shojiko is an essential constituent element that represents the Outstanding Universal Valueof Fujisan as an “object of worship”.
The present landform of Lake Shojiko (Constituent Element 1-8) formed as a result of eruptionsin the 9th century that caused large quantities of lava to flow into Lake Motosuko and Lake Senoumi,
which were dammed lakes formed by volcanic activities of Fujisan.

Including Lake Shojiko, thefive large lakes that are distributed in an arc at the northern foot of Fujisan are called “Fujigoko”(Fuji Five Lakes).
Based on the tradition that Hasegawa Kakugyo is said to have undergone in-water religious
training in lakes at the foot of Fujisan in the late 16th century, the religious training called“Uchihakkaimeguri” (circuit of the eight seas), in which lakes in the Fujisan surrounding areas areserially visited, came to be conducted by Fuji-ko adherents.

In a document likely written by

Kakugyo in the late 16th century, Lake Shojiko was mentioned as one of the lakes in which
Kakugyo himself underwent “Hakkaisuigyo”.

In the “Sanjuichinichi no Omaki” written in 1733,

Jikigyo Miroku mentioned eight lakes as the pilgrimage destinations for “Uchihakkaimeguri”.
Among these eight lakes, the “Fujigoko” (Fuji Five Lakes) including Lake Shojiko have invariably
been the pilgrimage destinations for in-water religious training through different periods of time.

Figure 2-25

Map of Lake Shojiko© PREC Institute Inc.

History of Legal Protection, Repair and Promotion
1924. Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of Yamanashi
Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty
and Natural Monuments.
1936. Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law.
1952. The provisional designation of Lake Shojiko as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governorof Yamanashi Prefecture was cancelled.
2011. Designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for the Protection of Cultural
Properties.

Photo 2-53

Aerial view of Lake Shojiko from southeast

Photo 2-54

Fujisan viewed from Lake Shojiko© PREC Institute Inc.

© Imaki Hidekazu

Constituent Element 1-9. Lake Motosuko
Description
Lake Motosuko is an essential constituent element that represents the Outstanding Universal
Value of Fujisan as an “object of worship” and a “source of artistic inspiration”.
Lake Motosuko (Constituent Element 1-9) is a dammed lake that was created by the volcanic
activities of Fujisan and its scenic landscape is extremely excellent.

Including Lake Motosuko, thefive large lakes that are distributed in an arc at the northern foot of Fujisan are called “Fujigoko”(Fuji Five Lakes).
Based on the tradition that Hasegawa Kakugyo is said to have undergone in-water religious training
in lakes at the foot of Fujisan in the late 16th century, the religious training called “Uchihakkaimeguri”(circuit of the eight seas), in which lakes in the Fujisan surrounding areas are serially visited, came tobe conducted by Fuji-ko adherents.

In a document likely written by Kakugyo in the late 16th century,

Lake Motosuko was mentioned as one of the lakes in which Kakugyo himself underwent“Hakkaisuigyo”.

In the “Sanjuichinichi no Omaki” written in 1733, Jikigyo Miroku mentioned eightlakes as the pilgrimage destinations for “Uchihakkaimeguri”.

Among these eight lakes, the“Fujigoko” (Fuji Five Lakes) including Lake Motosuko have invariably been the pilgrimage
destinations for in-water religious training through different periods of time.
In addition, among the “Fujigoko” (Fuji Five Lakes), Lake Motosuko has inspired many artistic
works because of its particularly excellent scenic landscape.

Fujisan has been extensively

photographed by both professionals and non-professionals.

Among them, Okada Koyo

(1895-1972), who continuously photographed Fujisan during his life, is particularly known for“Sakasafuji” (literally, Fujisan in reverse), or the photo he took of Fujisan and its reflection on thelake surface from Nakanokura Pass on the northwestern shore of Lake Motosuko in 1935.

It wasnamed “Kohan no Haru” (Lakeside Spring) and used as the design for the Japanese bank notes of
5,000-yen and 1,000-yen in 1984 and 2004, respectively.
The view of Fujisan seen from Nakanokura Pass in which the skirts of Fujisan spread out to theshore of Lake Motosuko has been passed down to the present day, almost unchanged from the imageof Fujisan photographed in the “Kohan no Haru” (Lakeside Spring).

History of Legal Protection, Repair and Promotion
1924. Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of Yamanashi
Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty
and Natural Monuments.
1936. Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law.
1952. The provisional designation of Lake Motosuko as a Place of Scenic Beauty by theGovernor of Yamanashi Prefecture was cancelled.
2011. Designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for the Protection of Cultural
Properties.

© PREC Institute Inc.

Figure 2-26

Map of Lake Motosuko

Photo 2-55

Aerial view of Lake Motosuko from southeast© PREC Institute Inc.

Photo 2-56 “Kohan no Haru” (Lakeside Spring) (1935) by Okada Koyo (collection of Shiki-no-Mori Oshino Park
Koyo Okada Photo Museum, Yamanashi)© Shiki-no-Mori Oshino Park Koyo Okada Photo Museum
Photo 2-57

Fujisan viewed from Lake Motosuko© Minobu Town

Component Part 2. Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine
Description
Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine is an essential component part that represents theOutstanding Universal Value of Fujisan as an “object of worship”.
Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine (Component Part 2) is a Shinto shrine that was built toworship Asama no Okami, who resides at the bottom of the crater of Fujisan and pacify its eruptions.
It is revered as the headquarters of a large number of the Sengen-jinja shrines that have been built toworship the same god in the eastern part of Japan. Today, it widely attracts worship from people,
mainly in the eastern part of Japan.
According to the historical document of the shrine, Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine is said
to have been separated from the Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrine (Component Part 3), which had
existed in the early 9th century closer to Fujisan as a place of worship, and was subsequently moved
to its current location.

It is known as the Shinto shrine that has played a central role through history

since old times on the southern side of Fujisan.

In the mid-9th century, the Imperial Court in Kyoto

awarded divine status of the junior third rank to Fujisan and gradually promoted it in an attempt toconsole Asama no Okami and thereby subdue the eruption of Fujisan.
description in the section of the year 1223 of the “Azumakagami”

40

In addition, there is aabout the construction of theshrine buildings of Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha.
Around in the 15th century, the worship-ascent of Fujisan became popular and Fujisan Hongu
Sengen Taisha Shrine became the starting point of Omiya-Murayama Ascending Route (Constituent
Element 1-2) together with the Murayama Sengen-jinja Shrine (Component Part 4) (also known as
Kohoji Temple).

Lodging houses were constructed in the surrounding areas.

Also, this shrine was highly connected with rulers of successive regimes, particularly under the
powerful protection of the Edo Shogunate.
compound was promoted.
Tokugawa Ieyasu

41Thus, the development of shrine buildings andIn 1606, the existing main hall etc. were built under the protection of(1542-1616). The main hall is characterized by the unique double-storied

structure known as “sengen-zukuri style” and vermillion-colored. The lower story is 5 bays inwidth and 4 bays in depth with a hipped roof; the higher story is a 3-bay nagare-zukuri style
structure.

Both structures have cedar bark roofs and the bracket complexes are vividly colored.
42

An old picture

likely depicting the compound around 1670 shows the torii gate, the approach,Kagamiike Pond and a drum-shaped bridge, the two-storied gate, the prayer-giving hall, the mainhall, the subsidiary shrine, etc. in the same layout as they are found today. This picture also depicts
Buddhist facilities that existed before the government’s order to abolish Buddhism. As a result ofarchaeological excavation within the compound, a part of their archaeological remains have been
discovered.
As the worship-ascent became more popular, various rights and privileges related to activities on
Fujisan, such as an entrance fee, were established.

In 1609, the Edo Shogunate awarded Fujisan

Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine the preferential authority to keep the offering money left by people atthe mountaintop.

Based on this, Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine engaged in the management

and control of the mountaintop area and, in 1779, the shrine was officially vested with authority over
the areas higher than the eighth station in a trial by the Shogunate. Although the area higher thanthe eighth station was declared to be national land by the Meiji government in around 1877, it was
returned to Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine in 2004 based on a ruling by the Supreme Court in
1974.
There is a pond within the Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine compound called Wakutamaike
Pond, whose source is springwater from Fujisan. The forested hill area in the northern half of thecompound corresponds to the end of the lava flow from Fujisan; the abundant water flowing fromthis place nurtures Wakutamaike Pond. According to a strongly supported theory, Fujisan Hongu
Sengen Taisha Shrine was deliberately placed at this specific location beside Wakutamaike Pond,boasting abundant springwater (140,000 m3 per day on average), to pacify eruptions of Fujisan with

40

Azumakagami:

A historical document describing events of the 12th and 13th centuries.
41

Tokugawa Ieyasu:

Founder of the Edo Shogunate who established a unified government in Edo (present Tokyo) in 1603, after approximateof the warring period.
42

Old picture:

The extant picture is a copy dating from 1708. The main hall, the prayer-giving hall, the two-storied gate, and the sub
shrine are shown in the picture, but the offering hall is only discussed in letters. In the early 20th century, the corridor alatticework fence were rebuilt close to the locations indicated in the picture.

springwater and to worship Fujisan as the sacred mountain associated with the water source. Several
illustrations including the “Fuji Mandala Painted on Silk”, dating from the 16th century, depict
scenes of pilgrims performing ablution in the upper part of Wakutamaike Pond and setting out toFujisan (refer to Figure 2-59 and page A2-34 of Appendix 2).
Ablution in Wakutamaike Pond continued until the 1920s and the 1930s. However, it is nolonger performed today. However, many people who value and use the springwater as sacred water
are seen in the shrine compound today. In addition, the Mizuya-jinja Shrine still exists and is
depicted as a shrine in charge of the springwater in an old picture probably depicting the scene of thecompound around 1670.

In July every year, the “Otauesai” festival (rice-planting festival) is

performed to pray for a good harvest, representing the loyal transmission of a tradition of expressiing
gratitude toward Fujisan for the bounty of springwater.

Figure 2-27

Map of Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine© PREC Institute Inc.

History of Legal Protection, Repair and Promotion
1907. The main hall was designated as a Specially Protected Building under the Ancient Shrines
and Temples Preservation Law.
1922 - 1926. Dismantling repair work and repair work of the prayer-giving hall, the two-storiedgate, etc were conducted and the latticework fence was constructed.
1929. The main hall was designated as a National Treasure, following the enactment of the
National Treasures Preservation Law.
1933 and 1934. Repair of the two-storied gate was conducted.
1936. The wing corridors, surrounding corridors, and latticework fences were attached.
1944. Wakutamaike Pond was designated as a Natural Monument under the Law for the
Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments.
1950. The main hall was designated as an Important Cultural Property under the Law for theProtection of Cultural Properties.
1951 and 1952.

Repair of the roof of the main hall etc. was conducted.

1952. Wakutamaike Pond was designated as a Special Natural Monument under the Law for theProtection of Cultural Properties.
1966. Repair of the roof of the main hall etc. was conducted.
1969 and 1970.

Repair of the roof of the main hall etc. was conducted.

1987 and 1988.

Repair work with partial dismantling, including repair of the roof of the main

hall was conducted.
2005. Repair of the roof of the main hall etc. was conducted.
2011. Part of the compound of Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine was designated as a Historic
Site under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties.
2012. Part of the compound of the Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine was additionallydesignated as a Historic Site under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties (on 18
November 2011, the Subdivision on Cultural Properties of the Council for Cultural Affairs
recommended the additional designation as a Historic Site to the Minister of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Based on this, the official notice of the
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology is planned to be issued
around February 2012.)
Photo 2-58

Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine / Wakutamaike Pond (upper part)© Imaki Hidekazu

Photo 2-59 Fuji Mandala Painted on Silk (part where Wakutamaike Pond is depicted. Circa 16th century)(collection of Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine, Shizuoka)© Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine
Photo 2-60 Drawing depicting the scene of the compound around 1670 (collection of Fujisan Hongu Sengen
Taisha Shrine, Shizuoka)
Photo 2-61

Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine / Prayer-giving hall and main hall

© PREC Institute Inc.

Photo 2-62

Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine / Main hall (side)

Photo 2-63 (right)© Imaki Hidekazu

Fujisan visible from Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine© PREC Institute Inc.

Component Part 3. Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrine
Description
Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrine is an essential component part that represents the Outstanding
Universal Value of Fujisan as an “object of worship”.
According to the historical document of Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine (Component Part2), the Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrine (Component Part 3) is said to have been the predecessor of
Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine.
Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrine is characterized by a unique compound layout; namely, it does
not have a main hall structure at the end of the approach but instead an altar or stone-partitioned
space to offer prayers to Fujisan from afar. This likely reflects and retains the ancient styles ofFujisan worship. Also, the location of the prayer-giving space corresponds to the end of the lava
flow that occurred some 2,000 years ago, where it is thought that the vegetation recovery was slow.
There, the exposed lava flow is approximately 10 m higher than the tree-covered approach, allowing
for a good view of Fujisan. Thus, this was considered an appropriate place for the Yamamiya
Sengen-jinja Shrine, whose rituals are based on the worship of Fujisan from afar.
According to the historical document of the shrine, the Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrine is said tohave been founded at the present location in mythological times of Japan.

However, the exact yearof construction is not known. Archaeological excavations within the compound have found several
pieces of earthenware dating from the 12th to 15th centuries. Also, a historical record

43

remains

that confirms the existence of the shrine in 1551.
In addition, the “Fuji Omiya Goshinjicho” (the records of religious activities at Fujisan Hongu
Sengen Taisha Shrine) dating from 1577 also has a description of the Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrine.
It is thought that a ritual related to Asama no Okami called “Yamamiya Goshinko” had already been
performed, involving and between this shrine andFujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine in the late

16th century at the latest. This ritual comprised annual events in April and November, in whichpriests of Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine carrying a spear believed to be inhabited by Asamano Okami made a return trip between Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine and Yamamiya
Sengen-jinja Shrine.

In Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine and Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrinecompounds, three bed stones called “Hokotateishi” (literally, spear stand stone) remain, which wereused to “rest” the spear on them during the divine event. Lined stones in the prayer-giving space,which mark the seating positions of the priests, and the lodging house, which is the only building
within the compound, used to play an important role in the past divine events. This divine event
continued until 1874 but is not observed

today [refer to Appendix 2. p.A2-4] .

The route used for “Yamamiya Goshinko” is called “Goshinkomichi” (literally, Goshinko Road),along which there remains a series of stone monuments built in 1691, used as distance markers.
Although the exact routing of the original course of the “Goshinkomichi” is not clear, one milestone
at the starting point of the Goshinkomichi in Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine and four otherstone monuments elsewhere can be seen todday. Because the state of preservation of these four43

In a letter of order that was issued in 1551 (contained in the “Kyu Daikyobo Fujishi Bunsho”) by Imagawa Yoshimoto (1519 –
1560), a powerful 16th-century feudal lord of the Tokai region to the south of Fujisan, there is a description of a title of a priestly
office of Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrine.

stone monuments is fragmental, they are included in the buffer zone, not in the property area.

Figure 2-30

Map of Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrine© PREC Institute Inc.

History of Legal Protection, Repair and Promotion
2011. Designation of the compound of Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrine as a Historic Site under
the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties.

© Imaki Hidekazu

Photo 2-64

Fujisan visible from prayer-giving space

Photo 2-65

Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrine prayer-giving space© Imaki Hidekazu

Figure 2-31

Route (estimated) of “Goshinkomichi”

Photo 2-66

A stone monuments remaining along “Goshinkomichi”

Photo 2-67

“Goshinkomichi” / Starting point© Fujinomiya City Board of Education© PREC Institute Inc.

Component Part 4. Murayama Sengen-jinja Shrine
Description
The Murayama Sengen-jinja Shrine is an essential component part that represents theOutstanding Universal Value as an “object of worship”.
Murayama Sengen-jinja-Shrine (Component Part 4) is thought to have been built by Matsudai,
who is recorded as a Buddhist priest in the early to mid-12th century. It was also called Kohoji
44

Temple , being a religious facility of Shintoism-Buddhism fusion.
The area of the component part is densely covered with trees, including a large cypress tree thatis considered a sacred tree and contains a torii gate. Also, it contains a shrine building at the end of
the approach, the Dainichido (Mahavairocana Buddha Hall) as a facility particularly of Kohoji
Temple, the platform for the fire-burning ritual called “Goma” (Skt: Homa) by the Shugen sect ofascetic Buddhism, and the ablution spot used by pilgrims.

In addition, an archaeologicalexcavation performed within the compound identified the surface of the land formation for thecompound dating back to the 16th century and the remains of buildings that could date back to the17th century or later. The existing Dainichido (Mahavairocana Buddha Hall) enshrines Buddhist
statues associated with the Shugen sect of ascetic Buddhism, including a statue of Dainichi Nyorai(Mahavairocana Buddha) inscribed with the year 1259.
In the early 14th century, a Buddhist priest from Kohoji Temple, Raison, organized the priests of
the Shugen sect at Fujisan.

Kohoji Temple flourished as a center of the Shugen sect at Fujisan.

In the 15th and 16th centuries, worship-ascents by ordinary people led by priests of the Shugen
sect also increased, as depicted in “Fuji Mandala Painted on Silk” from the 16th century. This
picture shows that the pilgrims visited the shrine building to pray, underwent ablution, and travelled
the ascending route to the west of Kohoji Temple toward Fujisan. The ablution spot used by manypilgrims since then is also included in the property area.
Many of the pilgrims that were organized by Kohoji Temple after the 14th century were fromregions to the west of Fujisan. This may be because Kohoji Temple had a close relationship with
Shogoin Temple in Kyoto, a central Buddhist temple of ascetic Buddhism at that time.
Kohoji Temple was abolished by the Meiji government’s decree of 1868 to separate Shintoism
and Buddhism, and it was divided into Murayama Sengen-jinja Shrine and the Dainichido(Mahavairocana Buddha Hall).

In addition, a hall located to the north-east of the Dainichido(Mahavairocana Buddha Hall) in dedication to the priest Matsudai had also to change the object ofworship and was relocated toward the northern part of the compound to become the present Takane
Sochinjusha Shrine.

Furthermore, in 1872, the Shugen sect of ascetic Buddhism was banned; as aresult most of the Shugen-sect priests became laymen.

Nevertheless, the activities of ascetic

Buddhism were continued by some Shugen priests until the 1940s.

44

Kohoji Temple:

Also called Fujisan Kohoji or Murayama Kohoji.

History of Legal Protection, Repair and Promotion
2011. The compound of the Murayama Sengen-jinja Shrine was designated as a Historic Siteunder the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties.
2012. The area of the compound of the Murayama Sengen-jinja Shrine designated as a Historic
Site was extended under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties (the official
notice of the Ministry of Eduction, Culture, Sport, Science and Technology is to be issued
in September 2012).

Photo 2-68 Mahavairocana Buddha with the inscription of the year 1259. (collection of Murayama Sengen-Jinja
Shrine, Shizuoka)© Fujinomiya City Board of Education
Photo 2-69 Fuji Mandala Painted on Silk (part where Murayama Sengen-jinja Shrine is depicted. Circa 16th
century) (collection of Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine, Shizuoka)© Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine© PREC Institute Inc.

Photo 2-70

Ablution spot

Photo 2-71
Hall) (right)

Murayama Sengen-jinja Shrine / Sengen-jinja Shrine (left) and Dainichido (Mahavairocana Buddha© Imaki HidekazuComponent Part 5. Suyama Sengen-jinja Shrine
Description
Suyama Sengen-jinja Shrine is an essential component part that represents the Outstanding
Universal Value of Fujisan as an “object of worship”.
Suyama Sengen-jinja Shrine (Component Part 5), located at the southeastern foot of Fujisan, is a
Shinto shrine that marks the starting point of the Suyama Ascending Route (Constituent Element
1-3).
The entire area of the present shrine compound, including the torii gate and the approach, isshrouded by a divine atmosphere, being physically covered by a group of large cypress trees,
including some revered as sacred trees.
The existing shrine building, which is sited within the shelter structure, is an 1823 reconstruction.
According to the historical document of the shrine, construction of the Shinto shrine is said to dates
back to the mythological times of Japan.

Based on a record on the ridgepole of the shrine building,it likely existed already in 1524 at the latest.

In addition, the building of Furumiya-jinja Shrine,

sited within the shelter structure at the side of the main hall, likely was the former main hall of
Suyama Sengen-jinja Shrine, based on its name (“Furumiya” means the old shrine) and the shape ofthe beam estimated to date back to the 17th century.
Based on an article of the year 1486 of the “Kaikokuzakki” (travel notes around the country)
regarding the Suyama Ascending Route and an official document recording offerings of swords,
paraphernalia, and horses to the Suyama Sengen-jinja Shrine by the Takeda clan, a powerful feudal
lord who ruled the region in the early 16th century, it is understood that Suyama Sengen-jinja Shrine
was a powerful Shinto shrine in the southern area of Fujisan and occupied an important position in
worship-ascent from the southeastern side of Fujisan.
After 1780, when Suyama Ascending Route fully recovered from the damage it suffered in the
Hoei eruption of 1707, many pilgrims coming mainly from east of Fujisan visited Suyama
Sengen-jinja Shrine.

Once the Gotemba Ascending Route was opened in 1883 (refer to 1-3

Suyama Ascending Route), the number of people visiting Suyama Sengen-jinja Shrine has been
decreasing gradually up to the present.

History of Legal Protection, Repair and Promotion
2011. The compound of the Suyama Sengen-jinja Shrine was designated as a Historic Site under
the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties.
2011. Remodeling of the prayer-giving hall was initiated.
© Imaki Hidekazu

Photo 2-72

Suyama Sengen-jinja Shrine covered with large cypress trees.

Photo 2-73
Hidekazu

Suyama Sengen-jinja Shrine / Sengen-jinja Shrine (left) and Furumiya-jinja Shrine (right)© ImakiComponent Part 6. Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine (Subashiri Sengen-jinja Shrine)
Description
Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine (Subashiri Sengen-jinja Shrine) is an essential component part that
represents the Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan as an “object of worship”.
Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine (Subashiri Sengen-jinja Shrine)(Component Part 6), located at theeastern foot of Fujisan, is a Shinto shrine that marks the starting point of the Subashiri Ascending
Route (Constituent Element 1-4).
According to the historical document of the shrine, construction of the shrine buildings is said todate back to the early 9th century.
In the 16th century, under the protection by the Takeda clan, a powerful feudal lord who ruled
this region, Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine (Subashiri Sengen-jinja Shrine) was given the right to keep partof the offering money left at the mountaintop.

Based on an article in the section of the year 1500 of

the “Katsuyamaki” about the congestion of pilgrims on the Subashiri Ascending Route, it is known
that Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine had an important position in the worship-ascent from the eastern sideof Fujisan.
Although the shrine buildings of Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine (Subashiri Sengen-jinja Shrine)
collapsed in the Hoei eruption of 1707, they were rebuilt in 1718.

From a picture drawn after that,

it is known that the torii gate, the approach, and the two-storied “Shimmo” gate (god’s gate) werealigned in a straight line in the compound, which was covered with trees, including large cypress
trees considered sacred. The prayer-giving hall, the offering hall, and the main hall were located at
the end -- similar to the existing layout and structure. When repair work was conducted on themain hall in 2009, signs of repair work conducted since 1718 were identified in many places;
however, it was also found that part of the original structural members dating from the time ofreconstruction in 1718 had been used in every repair work.
After the late 18th century, many people from east of Fujisan came to visit the Fuji Sengen-jinja
Shrine. Also, many adherents of Fuji-ko, who often travelled the Subashiri Ascending Route whendescending the mountain frequently visited Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine.
Currently, on both sides of the approach that connects to the ascending route, approximately 70
stone structures remain, including stone monuments, which were mainly donated by Fuji-ko
adherents in the early 20th century. One of these monuments celebrate 899 worship-ascents (themaximum ever achieved) and one was relocated from a Fuji mound (“Fujizuka”, or replica of
Fujisan) in Tokyo [refer to Appendix 2. p.A2-95] .

History of Legal Protection, Repair and Promotion
2009. Dismantling repair work of the main hall and repair work of the approach were conducted.
2011. The compound of the Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine (Subashiri Sengen-jinja Shrine) was
designated as a Historic Site under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties.

Photo 2-74

Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine / Prayer-giving hall

© Imaki Hidekazu

Photo 2-75

Stone monuments in Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine© Imaki Hidekazu

Component Part 7. Kawaguchi Asama-jinja Shrine
Description
Kawaguchi Asama-jinja Shrine is an essential component part that represents the Outstanding
Universal Value of Fujisan as an “object of worship”.
The “Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku”

45

states that a Sengen-jinja shrine was built on the northern sideof Fujisan in 865 in association with the eruptions that occurred from 864 to 866. The descriptionof the “Kaikokushi”

46

written in the 19th century shows that the above-mentioned shrine is actually

the present-day Kawaguchi Asama-jinja Shrine (Component Part 7).

According to the“Kaikokushi”, the shrine buildings were burned down in a fire in 1606, but were rebuilt the nextyear.
On passing through the large torii gate, visitors enter a sacred space lined with sacred trees suchas cypress trees. Through the middle gate are a subsidiary shrine etc. The prayer-giving hall is

45

Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku:

An official historical document of Japan compiled from 894 to 901 by order of Emperor Uda (867 – 931).
46

Kaikokushi:

A comprehensive book on the history of the Province of Kai (present Yamanashi Prefecture) compiled in 1814.

found in the center and the main hall at the end, the space being covered with dense trees, including
seven large cypress trees.
The Kawaguchi area, centering on Kawaguchi Asama-jinja Shrine, functioned as a post town on
a government road from the Kofu Basin. As worship-ascent of Fujisan spread among ordinary
people, the area developed as an “Oshi” village around the 16th century. However, as Fuji-ko
increased in popularity in Edo (present-day Tokyo), which resulted in the flourishing of the “Oshi”
guides of Yoshida, the function of the Kawaguchi area as an “Oshi” village declined in and after the
19th century.
On the other hand, Kawaguchi Asama-jinja Shrine continues to organize religious events that areclosely associated with Fujisan even today.

At the festival of “Magomi” (literally,

grandson-seeing) on 25 April, it is believed that the goddess of the shrine, Konohana Sakuya Hime

47

(goddess of the flowering tree), makes a trip to bring baby clothes from the shrine to the cape of“Ubuyagasaki”, or the birthplace of her grandchild, on the shore of Lake Kawaguchiko.

It is said

that offerings were made in old times from a rock at the cape of Ubuyagasaki toward Fujisan topacify the divine spirit of Asama no Okami.

In the summer, when many people were present, theDaidai Okagura festival was organized in the compound to pray for the successful achievements of
the wishes made by people who gathered to worship the Kawaguchi Asama-jinja Shrine.
festival, the Daidai Okagura was performed by “Oshi” guides as an offering.

In theCurrently, the Daidai

Okagura festival occurs on 28 July every year. In addition, the dance of “Chigo no Mai” (literally,children’s dance) which is performed as an offering by children living in Kawaguchi at the offering
hall during the “Magomi” festival and the Daidai Okagura festival originates from the shrine
maidens’ dance of the Daidai Okagura. The traditional performing art associated with Asama no
Okami of Fujisan such as these is still performed in the Kawaguchi area, though its function as an“Oshi” village has been lost [refer to Appendix 2. p.A2-55] .

History of Legal Protection, Repair and Promotion
1924. Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of Yamanashi
Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty
and Natural Monuments.
1936. Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law.
1952. The provisional designation of the compound of Kawaguchi Asama-jinja Shrine by theGovernor of Yamanashi Prefecture was cancelled.
2011. The compound of Kawaguchi Asama-jinja Shrine was designated as a Historic Site under
the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties.

47

Konohana Sakuya Hime:

A goddess that appears in Japanese mythology. Worshipped as the “goddess of fire”, because she gave birth in fire. Also as thegoddess of Fujisan, which is a volcano, the goddess is worshipped at many Sengen-jinja shrines as the main divinity. Particularly,
as Fuji-ko became popular from the 18th century to the early 19th century, many Fuji-ko adherents regarded Konohana Sakuya
Hime as the manifestation of Asama no Okami or the goddess of Fujisan.

Figure 2-35

Map of Kawaguchi Asama-jinja Shrine

Photo 2-76 (left)

Approach and large torii gate

Photo 2-77 (right)

Sacred trees (cypress)© PREC Institute Inc.

© Imaki Hidekazu© Imaki Hidekazu

Photo 2-78

Kawaguchi Asama-jinja Shrine / Prayer-giving hall

Photo 2-79

“Chigo no mai” (children’s dance)© Imaki Hidekazu© Imaki Hidekazu

Component Part 8. Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine
Description
Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine is an essential component part that represents the Outstanding
Universal Value of Fujisan as an “object of worship”.
Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine (Component Part 8), located on the northern side of Fujisan,consists of two parts: “Motomiya” (literally, original shrine), where the original shrine compound islocated, and “Satomiya” (literally, village-shrine), where the relocated shrine buildings exist.

Bothshrine compounds constitute the integral value as the compound of the Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja
Shrine – the Motomiya seated at the second station of the Yoshida Ascending Route (Constituent
Element 1-5) functions as a center for various forms of Fujisan worship such as Shugen asceticism
and worship-ascent.

The present Satomiya houses the main shrine, which was relocated from

Motomiya to its present compound on the shore of Lake Kawaguchiko as a dwelling place of thelocal tutelar god.
According to the “Kaikokushi”, it was in the early 9th century that Motomiya was built at thesecond station of the Yoshida Ascending Route.
Although the center of the Shugen sect of ascetic Buddhism on Fujisan was Murayama
Sengen-jinja Shrine (Component Part 4) (Kohoji Temple) located on the southwest side, the Buddha
Hall dedicated to En no Gyoja was also built in Omuro located at the second station on the northern

side between the 13th and 14th centuries as a central religious facility for activities within themountain area.

Subsequently a Sengen-jinja shrine and a Buddhist temple were built at Omuro andrecognized as important religious centers of Fujisan worship on the Yoshida Ascending Route.
According to the “Kaikokushi”, construction of the shrine buildings dates back to 1508.

Even

though constructed at the low altitude of the second station of Fujisan, they are subject to severe
climate conditions. Therefore, the buildings of Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine have sufferedrepeated damage. According to the historical document of the shrine, it is said that repair work was
conducted repeatedly from the late 12th century to the late 16th century and that extensive repairs
were performed in the late 16th century by Takeda Shingen (1521 – 1573), a local feudal lord.
The main hall of Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine, which is currently at Satomiya, was rebuilt in
the Motomiya compound in 1612. After reconstruction, repairs were made in 1698 and 1867.
However, because it was extremely difficult to reach and maintain Motomiya at the second station
during the winter, the shrine was relocated in 1973 and 1974 to the present Satomiya, close to humansettlements on the shore of Lake Kawaguchiko, to protect the main hall permanently from the severe
natural conditions. The main hall of Motomiya after relocation consists of a one-bay structure witha hipped gabled roof, attached with a protruding roof with an undulating gable in the front andsurrounded by a veranda at the front and sides with wooden screens in the rear. It is surrounded by
the middle gate, wing corridors, and fences.
The compound of Satomiya is covered with trees such as cedars, which produce a sacred andawe-inspiring space. The approach extends from the torii gate to the main hall of Satomiya.
Subsidiary shrines can be found in the area after the middle gate, with the main hall and theaccompanying prayer-giving hall and offering hall further toward the end of the compound. The
main hall is protected by a sheltering structure that was later expanded to protect also theprayer-giving and offering halls.

History of Legal Protection, Repair and Promotion
1924. Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of Yamanashi
Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty
and Natural Monuments.
1936. Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law.
1952. The provisional designation of the compound of the Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine as a
Place of Scenic Beauty was cancelled.
1973 and 1974. The main hall of Motomiya was relocated from the second station of the Yoshida
Ascending Route to Satomiya on the shore of Lake Kawaguchiko.
1985. The main hall that was relocated from Motomiya to Satomiya was designated as an
Important Cultural Property under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties.
2011. The compound of Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine, consisting of the two parts ofMotomiya and Satomiya, was designated as a Historic Site under the Law for theProtection of Cultural Properties.

Figure 2-36

Map of Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine© PREC Institute Inc.

Photo 2-80 Remain of prayer-giving hall of Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Motomiya at the 2nd station of Yoshida
Ascending Route© Imaki Hidekazu© Imaki Hidekazu

Photo 2-81

Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine. Satomiya

Photo 2-82

Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine / Motomiya main hall (front)© Imaki HidekazuComponent Part 9.“
Oshi”Lodging House (Former House of the Togawa Family)
Description
The “Oshi” lodging house (Former House of the Togawa Family) is an essential component partthat represents the Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan as an “object of worship”.
The nominated property contains two “Oshi” lodging houses: the Former House of the Togawa
Family (Component Part 9) and the House of the Osano Family (Component Part 10). While thelatter is an 1861 reconstruction showing the plane structure of Fuji-ko’s peak, the former was built in
1768 and remains well-preserved as a precious example of the oldest “Oshi” lodging house.

Both

are representative and typical examples, representing the design and structure of the buildings andpremises of “Oshi” lodging houses.
“Oshi” were the professional guides who took all the necessary care, including accommodations
and meals, of people who made worship-ascent during the summer. They usually worked to spread
Fujisan worship and engaged in prayer-giving and invocation. The “Oshi” guides of Yoshida, therepresentative “Oshi” of Fujisan, built large-scale “Oshi” villages on both sides of the road that
extended north-south from the area in front of the gate to Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine(Constituent Element 1-6), which marked the start of the Yoshida Ascending Route (Constituent
Element 1-5).
The houses of “Oshi” are characterized by narrow, oblong plots that are deeper than they arewide; the gateway passage was laid down facing and extending from the main street, with awatercourse traversing the precincts. A building that was used for both residential and lodging
purposes was located at the end of the precincts across the watercourse.
At the Former House of the Togawa Family, the Fuji-ko adherents guided here by their leader, or“Sendatsu”, first washed their hands and feet with water from the watercourse traversing the
precincts. Then, reaching the main house, the leader, or “Sendatsu”, was received by the “Oshi”
guide and entered the main house from the platform entrance, while the followers entered it from theveranda.

From the platform entrance, the guest rooms continue to the back of the main house andthere is a sanctum in a detached building that was added to the main building.

Before the detachedbuilding was added, there was a room with a sanctum at the innermost part of the main house.
“Oshi” guides and Fuji-ko adherents gathered and prayed in front of the sanctum, preparing
themselves for worship-ascent.
Built in 1768, the Former House of the Togawa Family is an example of the oldest extant “Oshi”
house. To accommodate the explosively increasing number of Fuji-ko adherents due to theflourishing of Fuji-ko practice, the Former House of the Togawa Family was extended with adetached building, in which the sanctum was set up.

Figure 2-38

Map of “Oshi” Lodging Houses© PREC Institute Inc.

History of Legal Protection, Repair and Promotion
1924. Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of Yamanashi
Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty
and Natural Monuments.
1952. The provisional designation of the precincts of the Former House of the Togawa Family as
a Place of Scenic Beauty was cancelled.
2011. Designated as an Important Cultural Property under the Law for the Protection of Cultural
Properties.

Photo 2-83
Hidekazu“Oshi” lodging house (Former House of the Togawa Family) / Front gate and gateway

Photo 2-84

Watercourse traversing the gateway

Photo 2-85

“Oshi” lodging house (Former House of the Togawa Family)

Photo 2-86
Hidekazu“Oshi” lodging house (Former House of the Togawa Family) / Interior (sanctum)© Imaki© Imaki Hidekazu© Imaki Hidekazu© ImakiComponent Part 10.“Oshi”Lodging House (House of the Osano Family)
Description
The “Oshi” lodging house (House of the Osano Family) is an essential component part that
represents the Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan as an “object of worship”.
The nominated property contains two “Oshi” lodging houses: the House of the Osano Family(Component Part 10) and the Former House of the Togawa Family (Component Part 9).

However,while the latter was built in 1768 and remains well-preserved as a precious example of the oldest“Oshi” lodging house, the former is an 1861 reconstruction showing the plane structure of Fuji-ko’s
peak.

Both are representative and typical examples showing the design and structure of thebuildings and premises of “Oshi” lodging houses.
“Oshi” were the professional guides who took all the necessary care, including accommodations
and meals, of people who made the worship-ascent during the summer. They usually worked tospread Fujisan worship and engaged in prayer-giving and invocation. The “Oshi” guides of
Yoshida, the representative “Oshi” of Fujisan, built large-scale “Oshi” villages on both sides of theroad that extended north-south from the area in front of the gate to Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji
Sengen-jinja Shrine (Constituent Element 1-6), which marked the starting point of the Yoshida
Ascending Route (Constituent Elemetn 1-5).
The houses of “Oshi” are characterized by narrow, oblong plots that are deeper than they arewide; the gateway passage was laid down facing and extending from the main street, with awatercourse traversing the precincts. A building that was used for both residential and lodging
purposes was located at the end of the precincts across the watercourse.
At the House of the Osano Family, the Fuji-ko adherents guided here by their leader, or“Sendatsu”, first washed their hands and feet with water from the watercourse traversing the
precincts. Then, reaching the main house, the leader, “Sendatsu”, was received by the “Oshi” guideand entered the main house from the platform entrance while the followers entered from the veranda.
From the platform entrance, guest rooms continue to the back of the main house with a sanctum in
the innermost part of the main house.

“Oshi” guides and Fuji-ko adherents gathered and prayed in

front of the sanctum, preparing themselves for the worship-ascent.
Gate posts and stone lanterns remaining in the precincts of the House of the Osano Family were
donated by Fuji-ko groups strongly associated with the house.
The House of the Osano Family was newly constructed in 1861 at a time when “Oshi” lodging
houses’ land formation and the architectural style of buildings such as layout and structure of the“Oshi” lodging houses were established. While the Former House of the Togawa Family is a
precious example of the oldest, well-preserved “Oshi”lodging house, the House of the Osano Family
is a typical example of the “Oshi” Lodging House at the peak of Fuji-ko.

History of Legal Protection, Repair and Promotion
1924. Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of Yamanashi
Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty
and Natural Monuments.
1952. The provisional designation of the precincts of the House of the Osano Family as a Placeof Scenic Beauty was cancelled.
1976. Designated as an Important Cultural Property under the Law for the Protection of Cultural
Properties.
1979. Repair of the roof etc. was conducted.
1996 to 1998. Repairs, including replacement of the decayed rainwater guttering, wereconducted.

Photo 2-87 (left)“Oshi” lodging house (House of the Osano Family) / Gateway© Imaki Hidekazu

Photo 2-88 (middle)

Watercourse traversing the gateway© Imaki Hidekazu

Photo 2-89 (right)

Stone lantern donated by Fuji-ko group© Imaki Hidekazu© Imaki Hidekazu

Photo 2-90

Entrance of “Oshi” lodging house (House of the Osano Family)

Photo 2-91

“Oshi” lodging house (House of the Osano Family) / Interior (sanctum)© Imaki Hidekazu

Component Part 11. Lake Yamanakako
Description
Lake Yamanakako is an essential component part that represents the Outstanding Universal
Value of Fujisan as an “object of worship”.
Lake Yamanakako (Component Part 11), located at the northeastern foot of Fujisan, is a dammedlake that was created by the volcanic activities of Fujisan.

Including Lake Yamanakako, the fivelarge lakes that are distributed in an arc at the northern foot of Fujisan are called “Fujigoko” (Fuji
Five Lakes).
Based on the tradition that Hasegawa Kakugyo is said to have undergone in-water religious
training in lakes at the foot of Fujisan in the late 16th century, the religious training called“Uchihakkaimeguri”(circuit of the eight seas), in which lakes in the areas surrounding Fujisan areserially visited, was performed by Fuji-ko adherents.

In a document likely written by Kakugyo in

the late 16th century, Lake Yamanakako was mentioned as one of the lakes in which Kakugyo
himself underwent “Hakkaisuigyo”.

In the “Sanjuichinichi no Omaki” written in 1733, Jikigyo

Miroku mentioned eight lakes as pilgrimage destinations for “Uchihakkaimeguri”. Among them,
the “Fujigoko” (Fuji Five Lakes) including Lake Yamanakako have invariably been pilgrimage
destinations for in-water religious training through different periods.

History of Legal Protection, Repair and Promotion
1924. Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of Yamanashi
Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty
and Natural Monuments.
1936. Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law.
1952. The provisional designation of Lake Yamanakako as a Place of Scenic Beauty wascancelled.
2011. Designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for the Protection of Cultural
Properties.
Photo 2-92

Aerial view of Lake Yamanamako from west

Photo 2-93

Fujisan viewed from Lake Yamanakako© PREC Institute Inc.

© Imaki Hidekazu

Component Part 12. Lake Kawaguchiko
Description
Lake Kawaguchiko is an essential component part that represents the Outstanding Universal
Value of Fujisan as an “object of worship”.
Lake Kawaguchiko (Component Part 12), located at the northern foot of Fujisan, is a dammedlake that was created by the volcanic activities of Fujisan.

Including Lake Kawaguchiko, the fivelarge lakes that are distributed in an arc at the northern foot of Fujisan are called “Fujigoko” (FujiFive Lakes).
“Ubuyagasaki” on the north shore of Lake Kawaguchiko is where, during the Magomi festival of
Kawaguchi Asama-jinja Shrine (Component Part 7), Konohana Sakuya Hime, the goddess of theshrine, descends to see her newly born grandchild.
Based on the tradition that Hasegawa Kakugyo is said to have undergone in-water religious
training in lakes at the foot of Fujisan in the late 16th century, the religious training called“Uchihakkaimeguri” (circuit of the eight seas), in which lakes existing in the areas surrounding
Fujisan are serially visited, were performed by Fuji-ko adherents.

In a document likely written by

Kakugyo in the late 16th century, Lake Kawaguchiko was mentioned as one of the lakes in which
Kakugyo himself underwent “Hakkaisuigyo”.

In the “Sanjuichinichi no Omaki” written in 1733,

Jikigyo Miroku mentioned eight lakes as pilgrimage destinations for “Uchihakkaimeguri”. Amongthem, the “Fujigoko” (Fuji Five Lakes) including Lake Kawaguchiko have invariably beenpilgrimage destinations for in-water religious training through different periods.

History of Legal Protection, Repair and Promotion
1924. Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of Yamanashi
Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty
and Natural Monuments.
1936. Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law.
1952. The provisional designation of Lake Kawaguchiko as a Place of Scenic Beauty wascancelled.

2011. Designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for the Protection of Cultural
Properties.

Photo 2-94

“Ubuyagasaki” on the north shore of Lake Kawaguchiko

Photo 2-95

Aerial view of Lake Kawaguchiko from southwest

Photo 2-96

Fujisan viewed from Lake Kawaguchiko© Imaki Hidekazu© PREC Institute Inc.

© Imaki Hidekazu

Component Part 13. Oshino Hakkai springs (Deguchiike Pond)
Component Part 14. Oshino Hakkai springs (Okamaike Pond)
Component Part 15.Oshino Hakkai springs Sokonashiike(
Pond)
Component Part 16. Oshino Hakkai springs (Choshiike Pond)
Component Part 17. Oshino Hakkai springs (Wakuike Pond)
Component Part 18. Oshino Hakkai springs (Nigoriike Pond)
Component Part 19. Oshino Hakkai springs (Kagamiike Pond)
Component Part 20. Oshino Hakkai springs (Shobuike Pond)
Description
Oshino Hakkai springs are essential component parts that represent the Outstanding Universal
Value of Fujisan as an “object of worship”.
Oshino Hakkai springs (Component Parts 13 to 20) are a group of eight springs formed by theunderflows of Fujisan, each of which was a pilgrimage destination of Fujisan worship in association
with one of the Eight Great Dragon Kings.
Pilgrims and Fuji-ko adherents setting out to ascend Fujisan purified themselves with water from
Oshino Hakkai springs.
Based on the tradition that Hasegawa Kakugyo is said to have undergone in-water religious
training in lakes at the foot of Fujisan in the late 16th century, people started to perform thepilgrimage called “Fujisan Nemoto Hakko” (eight lakes at the base of Fujisan) in Oshino Hakkai
springs in 1843, making a circuit of eight small springs. The Fuji-ko adherents opened a path from
Deguchiike Pond (Component Part 13) to Shobuike Pond (Component Part 20) and dredged theponds to enshrine the Eight Great Dragon Kings.

Subsequently, the Oshino Hakkai springs

continued to be pilgrimage destinations up to the late 19th century. Pilgrims and Fuji-ko adherents
conducted ablution in these springs, then set out on the worship-ascent of Fujisan the next morning.

History of Legal Protection, Repair and Promotion
1924. Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of Yamanashi
Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty
and Natural Monuments.
1934. Designated as a Natural Monument under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites,
Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments.
1952. The provisional designation of Oshino Hakkai springs as a Place of Scenic Beauty wascancelled.
2012. The area designated as a National Monument was extended and at the same time a part ofthe designation was cancelled under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties (theofficial notice of the Ministry of Eduction, Culture, Sport, Science and Technology is to beissued in September 2012).
Photo 2-97

Oshino Hakkai springs (Wakuike Pond [Component part 17])

Photo 2-98

Deguchiike Pond [Component Part 13]© Imaki Hidekazu

Photo 2-99

Okamaike Pond [Component Part 14]© Imaki Hidekazu

Photo 2-100

Sokonashiike Pond [Component Part 15]

Photo 2-101

Choshiike Pond [Component Part 16]© Imaki Hidekazu© Imaki Hidekazu© Imaki Hidekazu

Photo 2-102 Guide map for pilgrimage, “Motohakko Saiko” [Revival of Motohakko Circuit] (1843) (collectionof Toenji, Yamanashi)© ToenjiPhoto 2-103

Nigoriike Pond [Component Part 18]© Imaki Hidekazu

Photo 2-104

Kagamiike Pond [Component Part 19]© Imaki Hidekazu

Photo 2-105

Shobuike Pond [Component Part 20]© Imaki Hidekazu

Component Part 21. Funatsu lava tree molds
Description
Funatsu lava tree molds are an essential component part that represents the Outstanding Universal
Value of Fujisan as an “object of worship”.
Lava tree molds are the caves created when a lava flow engulfs trees and solidifies, with the trees
burned to disappear. Among them, those resembling the shape of hollowed-out human bodies
became objects of worship, called “Otainai”. This initiated the religious practice of making a circuit
inside the caves called “Tainaimeguri” (literally, touring inside the body).

Funatsu lava tree molds(Component Part 21) and Yoshida lava tree molds (Component Part 22) are representative examples.
Since both lava tree molds are located close to the Yoshida Ascending Route (Constituent
Element 1-5), many Fuji-ko adherents regarded them as important and the two groups of “Otainai”
were considered part of the series of spiritual sites. The Fuji-ko adherents who engaged in
Tainaimeguri visited the “Otainai” one day before they made the worship-ascent and purified
themselves by going inside the caves. They then returned to an “Oshi” lodging house and preparedthemselves for the worship-ascent the next day.
In the early 17th century, Hasegawa Kakugyo is believed to have found one of the Funatsu lava
tree molds when he made the worship-ascent of Fujisan and used this place as a place to worshipAsama no Okami.

In addition, in 1673, Murakami Kosei (1682-1759) discovered the largest caveamong the Funatsu lava tree molds.

In this cave, he enshrined Asama no Okami again, erecting theshrine building of Utsumuro Sengen-jinja Shrine near the cave entrance.

Inside the cave,

Konohana Sakuya Hime (goddess of the flowering tree), who is worshipped by Fuji-ko adherents as
the incarnation of Asama no Okami and the goddess of Fujisan, are enshrined.
In addition, lava tree molds, including Funatsu lava tree molds, became the object of worship for
those wishing to ensure the safe delivery of babies, because of their resemblance to wombs, which
are the origin of life. This worship of natural objects shaped by volcanic activities nurtured
traditions that emphasized the coexistence of nature and people.

Figure 2-46

Map of Funatsu lava tree molds© PREC Institute Inc.

History of Legal Protection, Repair and Promotion
1924. Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of Yamanashi
Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty
and Natural Monuments.
1929. Designated as a Natural Monument under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites,
Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments.
1936. Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law.
1952. The provisional designation of Funatsu lava tree molds as a Place of Scenic Beauty.

Photo 2-106

Funatsu lava tree molds (entrance to “Otainai”)

Photo 2-107

Utsumuro Sengen-jinja Shrine

Photo 2-108

Funatsu lava tree molds (inside of “Otainai”)© Imaki Hidekazu© Imaki Hidekazu© Imaki Hidekazu

Component Part 22. Yoshida lava tree molds
Description
Yoshida lava tree molds are an essential component part that represents the Outstanding
Universal Value of Fujisan as an “object of worship”.
Lava tree molds are the caves created when a lava flow engulfs trees and solidifies with the trees
burned to disappear. Among them, those resembling the shape of hollowed-out human bodies
became objects of worship called “Otainai”. This initiated religious practice of making a circuit
inside the cave called “Tainaimeguri” (literally, touring inside the body) started. Yoshida lava treemolds (Component Part 22) and Funatsu lava tree molds (Component Part 21) are representative
examples.
Since both lava tree molds are located close to the Yoshida Ascending Route (Constituent
Element 1-5), many Fuji-ko adherents regarded them as important and the two groups of “Otainai”
were considered part of the series of spiritual sites. The Fuji-ko adherents who engaged in
Tainaimeguri visited the “Otainai” one day before they made the worship-ascent and purified
themselves by going inside the caves. They then returned to an “Oshi” lodging house and preparedthemselves for the worship-ascent the next day.
Yoshida lava tree molds, located on the northern side of Fujisan, were found by a Fujiko adherent
in 1892 and have since become a pilgrimage destination.

Inside the caves, gods such as Konohana

Sakuya Hime (goddess of the flowering tree), who is worshipped by Fuji-ko adherents as theincarnation of Asama no Okami and the goddess of Fujisan, are enshrined.
In addition, lava tree molds, including Yoshida lava tree molds, became objects of worship for
those wishing to ensure the safe delivery of babies, because of their resemblance to wombs, which
are the origin of life. This worship of natural objects shaped by volcanic activities nurtured
traditions that emphasized the coexistence of nature and people.

History of Legal Protection, Repair and Promotion
1924. Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of Yamanashi
Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty
and Natural Monuments.
1929. Designated as a Natural Monument under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites,
Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments.
1936. Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law.
1952. The provisional designation of Yoshida lava tree molds as a Place of Scenic Beauty wascancelled.

© PREC Institute Inc.

Figure 2-48

Map of Yoshida lava tree molds

Photo 2-109

Yoshida lava tree molds (entrance to “Otainai”)

Photo 2-110

Yoshida lava tree molds (inside of “Otainai”)© Imaki Hidekazu© Imaki Hidekazu

Component Part 23. Hitoana Fuji-ko Iseki
Description
Hitoana Fuji-ko Iseki is an essential component part that represents the Outstanding Universal
Value of Fujisan as an “object of worship”.
Hitoana Fuji-ko Iseki (Component Part 23) is located on the western side of Fujisan and contains
a group of approximately 230 monuments and pagodas that were erected by Fuji-ko adherents,
including a wind cave called “Hitoana”, where it is believed that Hasegawa Kakugyo vanished while
entering Nirvana as a result of ascetic practices.
The “Azumakagami”

48(Mirror of Eastern Japan) contains a description of the spiritualexperience of a samurai who explored the cave by order of the second shogun of the Kamakura
Shogunate, Minamoto no Yoriie (1182-1204).

It is known that the Hitoana cave was revered as the“dwelling place of Asama no Okami” as early as in the 13th century. This reverence spread widely
among people as the popular story of the spiritual experience of Asama no Okami and the existenceof Hitoana became more widely known.
According to old Fuji-ko-related documents, Hitoana is where Hasegawa Kakugyo is said to haveundergone religious training such as keeping standing on the cut end of a vertically-erect rectangulartimber and received revelation from Asama no Okami during his religious training in the 16th
century to the 17th centuries. Also, based on the tradition that Kakugyo said that Hitoana was the
Buddhist “Pure Land” or the gate to it, numerous enthusiastic Fuji-ko adherents came to Hitoana andunderwent religious training.

Inside Hitoana, several stone-made images of Buddha can be foundwith inscriptions dating them to 1664 and 1673, which were donated by the third and fourth
successors to Kakugyo. At the peak of Fuji-ko, adherents built many stone monuments to pray foror pay homage to Kakugyo, Jikigyo Miroku, and other Fuji-ko leaders called “Sendatsu” and/or torecord the number of worship-ascents they completed. These stone monuments was erected indifferent places by different Fuji-ko groups, probably reflecting their competition with one anotherto demonstrate the power of their groups.
Currently, although some people make pilgrimage to Hitoana, the organization and activities of
Fuji-ko have declined; there have been no new stone monuments since 1964

History of Legal Protection, Repair and Promotion
1936. Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law.
2012. Designated as a Historic Site under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties (on 18
November 2011, the Subdivision on Cultural Properties of the Council for Cultural Affairs
reported in favor of the additional designation as a Historic Site to the Minister of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Based on this, the official notice ofthe Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology is planned to beissued around February 2012.)

48

Azumakagami:

There is an article of the year 1203 regarding Hitoana.

Figure 2-50

Map of Hitoana Fuji-ko Iseki© PREC Institute Inc.

Photo 2-111 Fujisan visible from Hitoana Fuji-ko Iseki© PREC Institute Inc.

Photo 2-112

Stone-made images of Buddha remaining at “Hitoana”

Photo 2-113

Hitoana Fuji-ko Iseki (monuments and pagodas)

Photo 2-114“Hitoana” (entrance)© Imaki Hidekazu© Imaki Hidekazu© Imaki HidekazuComponent Part 24. Shiraito no Taki waterfalls
Description
Shiraito no Taki waterfalls are an essential component part that represents the Outstanding
Universal Value of Fujisan as an “object of worship”.
Shiraito no Taki waterfalls (Component Part 24) are located on the southwestern side of Fujisan
and originate from the springwater of Fujisan. The name of the waterfalls, “Shiraito” (white
threads), is based on the appearance of the springwater. At total of 150,000 to 160,000 m3 of waterflows daily, representing countless white threads.
According to Fuji-ko-related documents, Hasegawa Kakugyo is said to have undergone in-water
religious training at the Shiraito no Taki waterfalls, in combination with religious training in the
Hitoana cave. Therefore, the waterfalls became a destination for pilgrimage and religious training
by Fuji-ko adherents and others.

Pictures drawn by Fuji-ko adherents can still be found depicting

not only the scene of the religious training in Shiraito no Taki waterfalls around the mid-18th
century but also the stone monuments that still exist today [refer to Photo 3-18].

Figure 2-52

Map of Shiraito no Taki waterfalls© PREC Institute Inc.

History of Legal Protection, Repair and Promotion
1936. Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law.
1936. Designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty and a Natural Monument under the Law for the
Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments.

Photo 2-115

Fujisan visible from Shiraito no Taki waterfalls

Photo 2-116

Shiraito no Taki waterfalls© Imaki Hidekazu© Imaki HidekazuComponent Part 25. Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove
Description
The Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove is an essential component part that represents theOutstanding Universal Value of Fujisan as a “source of artistic inspiration”.
The Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove (Component Part 25) is located approximately 45 km
southwest of the Fujisan mountaintop and consists of a sand bar covered with a grove of pine trees
facing Suruga Bay. The sand bar extends for approximately 7 km, on which some 50,000 blackpine trees (Pinus thunbergii) stand in a group over a length of approximately 4.5 km. Among them,
the area around the “Feather Robe” pine tree (“Hagoromo no Matsu”), which was likely the stage of
the “Legend of Feather Robe”

49(a story about an encounter of a local fisherman with a celestial

nymph associated with Fujisan) is known as a scenic spot with a particularly beautiful view of
Fujisan, with the pine tree grove in the foreground.

“God’s road”, lined with pine trees, extends

from the “Feather Robe” pine tree to the Miho-jinja Shrine compound, of which the foundation issaid to date back to the 9th century. During the divine events at Miho-jinja Shrine, the “Feather
Robe” pine tree serves as the landmark for the god to arrive from the sea. The god then takes“god’s road” to the shrine compound.
Since the “Man-yoshu” (Collection of a Myriad Leaves), Japan's oldest anthology of poems, wascompiled in the 8th century, the Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove became the subject of “waka”
poems.

It also became the stage of the “Noh” play titled “Hagoromo” (Feather Robe) which was

written based on the “Legend of Feather Robe” probably in the 15th century. The pine tree grove
impressed Japanese people as a spot to view Fujisan.

In the late 19th century, the Noh play,“Hagoromo” (Feather Robe), was also introduced to people outside Japan and included in the worksof Modernist writers such as Yeats (1865 -1939) and Pound (1885 -1972).

It contributed to theglobal dissemination of the Japanese traditional performance art, “Noh”.
Furthermore, as a result of paintings since the 16th century, the Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove
became recognized as a scenic spot that appears in typical compositions for depictions of Fujisan
and it is known as the viewpoint or stage of internationally renowned works of art, including theworks of Utagawa Hiroshige (1797-1858).

History of Legal Protection, Repair and Promotion
1922. Designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for the Preservation of Historic
Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments.
1977. A section designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty was removed from the designated area.
1990. A neighboring area was additionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty and a part ofthe designated area was removed.

49

Legend of Feather Robe:

The legend of Feather Robe is a swan maiden story. The legend has a variety of local versions that are traditionally told
Japan. Among them, the legend of feather robe set at the Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove has the following plot: a cnymph descends to Earth and puts her feather robe on a pine tree. A local fisherman picks up the robe and the nym
cannot fly back to heaven without the feather robe, asks him to return it. The nymph performs a celestial dance to con
fisherman and finally flies back to the heaven in the direction of Fujisan. The “Feather Robe” pine tree (“Hagoromo no M
said to be the pine tree on which the nymph put her robe. However, the existing pine tree is not as old as the story. In
piece of cloth is enshrined in Miho-jinja Shrine, representing a piece from the feather robe.

© Imaki Hidekazu

Photo 2-117“Feather Robe” pine tree

Photo 2-118

Miho-jinja Shrine

Photo 2-119“God’s road”

Photo 2-120
Prefecture

Aerial view of Fujisan and the Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove from southwest

Photo 2-121“Noh” performance of Miho. (“Hagoromo” (“Wago no Mai”))© Shizuoka Prefecture© Shizuoka Prefecture© Shizuoka© Hagoromo Matsuri Committee

Photo 2-122 “Suruga Mihonomatsubara” of “Thirty-Six Views of Fuji” (1858) by Utagawa Hiroshige (collectionof Tokaido Hiroshige Art Museum, Shizuoka)
Photo 2-123 “Surugawan Fuji Embo Zu“ [Distant view from Suruga Bay] (1799) by Shiba Kokanof Shizuoka Prefectural Museum of Art, Shizuoka)
Photo 2-124

Fujisan viewed from the Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove(collection© Shizuoka PrefectureFigure 2-53

Map of Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove© PREC Institute Inc.

5) Overview of the Component Parts and Constituent Elements and SpecificFeatures included therein
Table 2-3 shows the component parts and the constituent elements and the specific features
included therein.
Table 2-3

No.

Overview of component parts and constituent elements, and specific features included therein

Component parts

Constituent elements

Fujisan Mountain Area

1

1-1

Mountaintop worship sites

1-2
1-3

Omiya-Murayama Ascending Route (present Fujinomiya
Ascending Route)Suyama Ascending Route (present Gotemba Ascending
Route)

1-4

Subashiri Ascending Route

1-5

Yoshida Ascending Route

1-6

Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine

1-7
1-8
1-9

Lake Saiko
Lake Shojiko
Lake Motosuko

2

Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine

3

Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrine

4

Murayama Sengen-jinja Shrine

5

Suyama Sengen-jinja Shrine

6

Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine (Subashiri Sengen-jinja Shrine)

7

Kawaguchi Asama-jinja Shrine

8

Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine

9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

“Oshi” Lodging House (Former House of the Togawa Family)“Oshi” Lodging House (House of the Osano Family)
Lake Yamanakako
Lake Kawaguchiko
Oshino Hakkai springs (Deguchiike Pond)
Oshino Hakkai springs (Okamaike Pond)
Oshino Hakkai springs (Sokonashiike Pond)
Oshino Hakkai springs (Choshiike Pond)
Oshino Hakkai springs (Wakuike Pond)
Oshino Hakkai springs (Nigoriike Pond)
Oshino Hakkai springs (Kagamiike Pond)
Oshino Hakkai springs (Shobuike Pond)
Funatsu lava tree molds
Yoshida lava tree molds
Hitoana Fuji-ko Iseki
Shiraito no Taki waterfalls
Mihonomatsubara pine tree groveSpecific features
Historical

NaturalInner sanctum and peaks (MtKengamine, Mt Mishimagatake, Mt
Komagatake, Mt Sengendake, Mt
Jojudake, Mt Izudake, Mt Dainichidake,
Mt Kusushidake, and Mt Hakusandake)Okumiya of the Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine, Kusushi-jinja Shrine,
Kimmeisui, Gimmeisui, Higashiyasunokawara, worshipping place(Murayama-Omiya, Suyama and Yoshida-Subashiri), and Ohachimeguri
pilgrimage route
Ascending route and torii gates (donated by Fujisan-worshippers’ groups)

Suyama Otainai
Otainai
Gozaishi, Eboshiiwa, and Kameiwa

Forest (including sacred trees)

Ascending route
Ascending route, spot of a hanging Buddha discovery (at the 7th station),
Komitake-jinja Shrine, Mukaekusushi-jinja Shrine, and Hinomigozen
Ascending route, mountain-ascent gate, Umagaeshi, Suzuharasha, Fuji Omuro
Sengen-jinja Shrine (Motomiya), Gyojado site, Chujikido, Tenchi no Sakai,
and Kyogatake
Main Hall, main hall of east shrine, main hall of west shrine, prayer-giving
hall, offering hall, Kaguraden, Suwa-jinja Shrine, middle gate, large torii gate,
torii gates, Niomon gate base stones, and approach

Lake
Lake
Lake and Nakanokura Pass

Wakutamaike Pond and forest

ForestForest (including a sacred tree)
Forest (including a sacred tree)
Forest (including a sacred tree)
Forest (including a sacred tree)
ForestMain hall, prayer-giving hall, offering hall, two-storied gate, corridors,
latticework fence, torii gates, approach, subsidiary shrines (Mizuya-jinja Shrine
and two other shrines), Kagamiike Pond, rounded bridge (drum-shaped bridge),
Goshinkomichi, milestone of Goshinkomichi, Hokotateishi, and Buddhist facility
site
Prayer-giving space (including altar and stone-partitioned space), approach,palanguin house, and Hokotateishi
Shrine buildings (main hall, prayer-giving hall, and offering hall),Mahavairocana Buddha Hall, Takane Sochinjusha Shrine, torii gate, approach,ablution spot, Goma platform, and building site
Main hall (including shelter house), Furumiya-jinja shrine (including shelterhouse), torii gates, and approach
Shrine buildings (main hall, prayer-giving hall, and offering hall), two-storiedgate (god’s gate), torii gates, approach, and stone monuments of Fuji-ko
adherents
Shrine buildings (main hall and prayer-giving hall), middle gate, torii gate,
and approach
Shrine buildings (Satomiya main hall and Motomiya main hall), middle gate,
torii gates, and approach
Gateway passage, water course, gate, main house, and detached building
Gateway passage, water course, main house, gate posts, and stone lanterns

Lake
Lake and Ubuyagasaki
SpringSpringSpringSpringSpringSpringSpringSpring“Otainai”“Otainai”
Wind cave
Waterfalls
Pine trees and sand beachSocialUtsumuro Sengen-jinja Shrine
Monuments and pagodas, Stone-made images of Buddha“Feather Robe” pine tree (“Hagoromo no Matsu”) and Miho-jinja Shrine

Mountain huts
Mountain huts
Mountain huts
Mountain huts

2.b. History and Development
1) Form and Formation
The original form of Fujisan was generally created in three stages.

(1) First, building on top ofa stratum formed by eruptions of a submarine volcano during the Miocene epoch, the first epoch of
the Neogene period during the Cenozoic era (23 million–5 million years ago), the Sen-Komitake
Kazan (Pre-Komitake Volcano) was formed between 400,000 and 100,000 years ago along withsurrounding volcanoes such as Mount Ashitakayama, which is adjacent to the southern foot ofpresent-day Fujisan; covering that was the Komitake Kazan (Komitake Volcano), which had anelevation of about 2,500 meters. (2) Next, about 100,000 years ago, the Ko-Fuji Kazan (Old Fuji
Volcano) emerged at the base of the Komitake Kazan (Komitake Volcano), and through a series of
explosions, eruptions, and sector collapses, the Komitake Kazan (Komitake Volcano) was nearlycompletely concealed; the height of the volcano grew to more than 3,000 meters. (3) Starting about
10,000 years ago, the Shin-Fuji Kazan (Young Fuji Volcano) began spewing out a massive lava flowfrom near the northwestern hillside, continuing to grow until it had completely covered the Ko-Fuji
Kazan (Old Fuji Volcano). In this way, by about 5,600 to 3,500 years ago, more or less the same
shape of the present Fujisan had been formed.
At the foot of the mountain, the repeated lava flows have caused a multilayered lava bed toaccumulate, and the foot of the mountain base has spread to create a vast circumference around thisstratovolcano. At the extremities of these lava flows, numerous springs were formed, fed by theprecipitation on Fujisan. In particular at the northern foot of the mountain, in the area between thebase of Fujisan and the mountains to its north, there are lowlands where spring water andprecipitation accumulate, creating lakes and springs such as the five lakes included in the “Fujigoko”
50(Fuji Five Lakes) and the Oshino Hakkai springs . In addition, numerous caves were formed within
the lava flows, including wind caves that were formed when the lava was flowing down and began toharden from the exterior after coming into contact with air or ground, and the lava tree molds left
behind when tree trunks captured in the lava were completely incinerated, leaving a cylindricalhollow in the lava.
The crater at Fujisan’s summit last experienced an explosive magma eruption 2,200 years ago,but eruptions continued at a group of parasite volcanoes in areas sandwiching the summit from
north-northwest to south-southeast. There have been at least ten confirmed periods of eruptions at
the mountain area over the past 1,200 years: 781, 800–802, 864–866, 937, 999, 1033, 1083,
1435–1436, 1511, and 1707.

50

The lakes and springs around the base of Fujisan include the five lakes included in the “Fujigoko (Fuji Five Lakes)” and Oshino
Hakkai springs at the northern foot of the mountain; the Wakutamaike Pond located within the compound of the Fujisan Hongu
Sengen Taisha Shrine on the southern side of the mountain; and Kakitagawa River and Kohamaike Pond at the southeastern foot of
the mountain. Of these lakes and springs, important ones in terms of reflecting Fujisan’s nature as an “object of worship” and as
an “source of artistic inspirations” are all included in the nominated Property’s Component Parts and Constituent Elements.

2) The Buds of Devotion and of Artistic and Creative Activity
As a result of the repeated eruptions and lava flows, Fujisan was considered a frightening andmysterious mountain, and from ancient times it was an “object of worship” as people looked up at
the mountain in a form of worship known as veneration from afar (“Yohai”).
At the base of Fujisan, archaeological remains

51

have been discovered dating back

13,000–14,000 years, including the remains of a village that may have been built with consideration
to the views of Fujisan, and the remains of stone arrangements that are thought to have been sites forrituals or grave sites.
From the latter half of the 8th century, a time when Japan’s ancient system of governance under
the ritsuryo state (or “state based on law”) was nearly completed, people sought to quell the repeatederuptions by worshiping Asama no Okami, whom they believed to be the god of Fujisan itself or toreside at the bottom of the crater on the bottom of the volcano and subsequently came to deify
Fujisan itself. Sengen-jinja shrines (shrines dedicated to Asama no Okami) were built in locations
where Fujisan could be viewed and venerated from afar, and this became one element of the state’s
policy on religion. In order to pacify the explosive Fujisan, the ritsuryo state conferred a court title
on Asama no Okami, which gradually became higher in rank [refer to Appendix 2. p.A2-33] .
The magnificent form of Fujisan and the wonderful scenic landscapes in the nearby areas werealso becoming the focus of artistic endeavors. It served as the theme for countless examples of waka
poetry, stories, and other literature including the Man-yoshu (Collection of a Myriad

51

The archaeological sites at the base of the mountain include such important sites as the Oshikakubo Iseki H(Fujinomiya, Shizuoka) see p.A-68 of Appendix 2, which includes remains of a settlement more than 10,000 years old, a
Iseki Historic Site (also in Fujinomiya, Shizuoka), which includes remains from rituals and settlements from roughly 4,00
ago.

52

Leaves) ,Japan’s oldest collection of waka, as well as Japan’s oldest written legend, “Taketori
53

Monogatari” (The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter) . It has also been depicted in a multitude of paintings,
including the oldest extant example of an illustration on a paper screen from Shotoku Taishi Eden
54

(The illustrated biography of Prince Shotoku) .

[refer to Appendix 2. p.A2-69 and 70]

From the latter half of the 12th century, the political center in Japan shifted from Kyoto to
Kamakura, and as a result there was a rise in traffic coming and going along the main roadconnecting the two cities, which ran along the southern base of Fujisan. Consequently, large
numbers of people recorded information about the striking volcanic cone of Fujisan, allowing its
existence to become known throughout Japan.
Photo 2-125(Yugyoji))“Ippen Hijirie” by Eni (6th volume, 3rd part. 1299). (National Treasure, collection of Shojokoji

3) Ascetic Buddhism--The Fusion and Diffusion of Japan’s Ancient MountainWorship and Foreign Religions and its Spread
As eruptions subsided around the 12th century, Fujisan became the training grounds for ascetic
Buddhism, a syncretic religion formed through a fusion of Japan’s ancient mountain worship, which
focused on reverence for mountains as elements of nature, and the esoteric Buddhism and Taoism(belief in immortals) that had been transmitted from China. Fujisan was transforming into a sitewhere numerous ascetics would venture into the mountain area and practice severe ascetic rituals inorder to obtain spiritual power from Asama no Okami.
Among the many people carrying out ascetic practices on Fujisan during this period, the most
famous was the priest Matsudai, who is said to have climbed Fujisan several hundred times and tohave built the Dainichiji Temple at the summit. At the time, there was a popular belief that theindigenous gods of Japan and the Buddhist gods based on foreign Buddhist teachings were in fact
one and the same with the former being the incarnations of the latter (manifestation theory)

55

, and

the summit of Fujisan was recognized as a place where buddhas manifested themselves in the formof Shinto deities. As a result, it was thought that the summit was the place where Dainichi Nyorai of

52

Man-yoshu:

The oldest extant collection of Japanese waka poetry, compiled in the to late 8th centuries. Famous poems include Yamabe
Akahito’s “When from Tago shore / We rowed far out and turned to look, / Pure white it was, / The towering cone of Fuji
Gleaming under fallen snow!” (vol. 3, no. 18; trans. Edwin Cranston) and Takahashi no Mushimaro’s poem, “Lofty and dreadful /Is the cone of Fuji— / Clouds of the sky, /Fearing to drift across its face, / Trail hesitant upon the air” (vol. 3, no. 21; trans. Edwin
Cranston).
53

Taketori Monogatari (The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter):

An example of Japanese narrative literature believed to have been written in the late 9th century. The folktale centers on
Kaguya-hime, who was found in a glowing bamboo stalk by an old bamboo cutter, and is then raised by the old man and his wife. In
the final scene of the story, the emperor is grieving for the loss of Kaguya-hime, who has become a celestial maiden and returned tothe moon world. He orders that the letter she left behind be taken to the top of Fujisan—the point closest to Heaven—and be burned.
According to the story, the smoke from that letter still lingers over the top of Fujisan at that time.
54

Shotoku Taishi Eden (The illustrated biography of Prince Shotoku):

This 11th-century masterpiece painted on screens in a hall of the Horyu-ji East Temple (one of the buildings included in th“Buddhist Monuments in the Horyu-ji Area” property that was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1993) features an image ofFujisan.
55

Manifestation theory:

This is one of a number of theories that emerged at the time when Buddhism was flourishing that held that indigenous gods of Japanand Buddhist gods were one and the same. It was based on the thinking that Japanese gods were actually incarnations of Buddhist
deities that had transformed and manifested themselves in Japan.

56

Buddhist tradition appeared in the form of Asama no Okami (Sengen Daibosatsu) , and thus
reaching the top of the mountain took on great significance.
In this way, worship-ascents led by mountain ascetics became popular among the common
people in the 15th to 16th centuries, and Fujisan became known as a destination for worship-ascents.
The original forms of the ascending routes that are still used today are thought to all have beencreated in the 14th to late 15th centuries. It was also around that time that lodgings and other support
facilities for a large number of pilgrims began to be built in various areas along the ascending routes,
and on or around the compounds of the Sengen-jinja shrines on the southern and northern foot of themountain that served as the starting point of those routes.
Photo 2-126 Religious habit and tools used by Shugen priests of Murayama up to the 1940s (collection of Fuji
Municipal Museum, Shizuoka)© Fuji Municipal Museum

4) The Popularization of Worship-Ascents--The Fuji-ko
In the first half of the 17th century, the internal warfare that had plagued Japan continuously forroughly 150 years finally came to an end. Under the Shogunate in Edo, a steady peace prevailed andthe country’s economy grew, setting the stage for large numbers of commoners to try to makeworship-ascents of Fujisan.
Through that process, it was Hasegawa Kakugyo (the ascetic who was said to have achieved areligious awakening through austere practices at the Fujisan Mountain Area and at wind cavesaround the base of the mountain such as Hitoana,

including standing on tiptoe on a small piece oftimber for 1,000 days) who in the 16th to 17th centuries responded to the requests that were coming
primarily from the common people from Edo (present-day Tokyo) for more immediate spiritual andmaterial benefits through Buddhist teachings, such as perpetual youth, longevity, and sound health.
Kakugyo is believed to have created the fundamental organizations for Fujisan worship, which latercame to be known as Fuji-ko.
The spirit of Kakugyo was handed down from one generation of disciples to the next, and among
those disciples it would be Murakami Kosei (1682–1759) and Jikigyo Miroku (1671–1733) who
would play particularly important roles in the subsequent development of the Fuji-ko. At first,
Murakami Kosei was the more influential of the two as he played a role in repairing the buildings ofa Sengen-jinja shrine at the base of Fujisan and other initiatives. Jikigyo Miroku had raised the idealof alleviating the suffering of the common people and reforming the world, and after he passed awayin the religious training attempting to “enter the supreme plane of meditation” at the Eboshiiwa Rock,a little ways past the seventh station on the Yoshida Ascending Route, he won the devotion of many
people, which subsequently helped the Fuji-ko to flourish even more. The teachings of Jikigyo
Miroku gradually moved away from mysticism and evolved into a rational doctrine with a uniquepractical morality. Because the Fuji-ko had become so widely popular among the common people inthe mid-18th century, the Shogunate in Edo, which was fearful of mass religious organizations, went

56

Sengen Daibosatsu:

According to manifestation theory, Asama no Okami was the incarnation of Dainichi Nyorai (Mahavairocanathe Buddha)
appeared on Fujisan; the designation of bosatsu or bodhisattva was therefore given, and the god was thus referred to a
Daibosatsu (Sengen being a different reading of the characters for Asama).

so far as to ban these associations.
It was a rule of pilgrims and Fuji-ko adherents to form a fixed and ongoing relationship withspecific “Oshi” guides running the lodging houses who were priests. When they went on
worship-ascents, the pilgrims would stay at the house of the “Oshi” or at the other pilgrim lodging,
they would receive prayers or religious guidance, carry out ritual ablutions at springs or elsewhere,
and pay homage at the Sengen-jinja shrines before they left to pursue their climb to Fujisan’s summit.
Teahouses and huts were built along theascending routes, and numerous facilities to support manypilgrims and Fuji-ko adherents were systematically created.
Members of the Fuji-ko also tried to emulate leaders such as Kakugyo in both word and deed,
and thus the wind caves, lava tree molds, lakes, springs, waterfalls, and other natural phenomena at
the base of Fujisan were also considered to be sites for their ascetic practices. In this way,pilgrimages to nearby sacred locations also became a regular practice along with the worship-ascentsof Fujisan, and over the two-month period each summer when the mountain was opened to climbers,
an average of 10,000–20,000 people would climb the mountain to worship at the summit.
In addition, Fuji-ko adherents built replicas of Fujisan known as Fuji mounds, or “Fujizuka”, near
their residences. By climbing these Fuji mounds it became possible to experience aquasi-worship-ascent, and it was believed that one could obtain benefits similar to those fromworship-ascents of Fujisan. Many of these mounds were built in locations that had views of Fujisan,and so they also played the role of being sites for venerating Fujisan from afar, as people climbed tothe top of the mound and worshipped the mountain in the distance [refer to Appendix 2. p.A2-95] .
Photo 2-127 (right)
History, Yamanashi)

Fujisan climbers' guide map of the Edo Period (collection of Fujiyoshida Museum of Local© Fujiyoshida Museum of Local History

Photo 2-128 (bottom) Drawing on a votive wooden tablet depicting pilgrimage to Mt Fuji (1900) (collection of Oshi
Jomonji) Photo by Fujiyoshida Museum of Local History
Photo 2-129 “A Group of Mountain Climbers” of “Thirty-Six Views of Mt Fuji” (1831 - 1836) by Katsushika
Hokusai (collection of Yamanashi Prefectural Museum, Yamanashi)
Photo 2-130 (left) Toshima-Nagasaki Fujizuka (Fuji mound), Important Tangible Folk Cultural Property© Toshima Ward Board of Education
Photo 2-131 (right) Shitaya Sakamoto Fujizuka (Fuji mound), Important Tangible Folk Cultural Property© Taito Ward Board of Education

5) The Diversification of Artistic Works and Japonisme
On the artistic front, from the 14th to 16th centuries on, large numbers of paintings were createdthat took Fujisan as their theme, and the form of Fujisan became a standard image.
In particular, from around the 17th to mid-19th centuries, the form of Fujisan became a motif inliterature, paintings, crafts, gardens, and other artistic fields. At the same time, artists explored
diverse representations of the mountain landscape, such as the popular style of painting where
Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove and Fujisan were presented together as one iconic image [refer toAppendix 2. p.A2-69] . The majestic form of Fujisan offered inspiration to Katsushika Hokusai (ca.
1760–1849) and Utagawa Hiroshige (1797–1858), who created numerous Ukiyo-e prints such as theThirty-Six Views of Mt. Fuji series of pictures that depicted Fujisan’s form from distant viewpoints

and from close-up [see the images on the cover pages of each chapter of this nomination
dossier and refer to Appendix 2. p.A2-77 ] .
The novel composition and vivid hues displayed in these collections of images had an artistic andcultural impact on Western artists. In particular, they were the driving force behind a
57

ground-breaking artistic trend in the West in the latter half of the 19th century known as Japonisme .
In this way, the iconic Fujisan influenced the works of Impressionist and fin de siècle artists, and at
the same time the composition of pictures including the form of Fujisan became known abroad as asymbol of Oriental Japan [refer to Appendix 2. p.A2-90 ] .
Among the foreigners who visited Japan and were inspired by Fujisan to pen entries in theirtravel journals [refer to Table 2-4], many wrote of the iconic nature of Fujisan as a symbol of Japanand Japanese culture. In premodern times as well, Fujisan was Japan’s most famous volcano, but asJapan established a modern state system after the opening up of Japan to the outside world in the late
19th century, the nature of Fujisan changed from being a mountain representative of Japan to amountain that symbolizes Japan and Japanese culture.
Photo 2-132 “Thunderstorm beneath the Summit” of “Thirty-Six Views of Mt Fuji” (1831 - 1836) by Katsushika
Hokusai (collection of Yamanashi Prefectural Museum, Yamanashi)
Photo 2-133 “Gunjo Fuji” (Fujisan in deep blue. 1917-1918)
Prefectural Museum of Art, Shizuoka)

by Yokoyama Taikan (collection of Shizuoka

6) An Object of Respect and Adoration--Establishing Fujisan’s Position as a
Celebrated Mountain
As Fujisan was undergoing its transformation into a symbol of Japan and Japanese culture, thefeeling of respect and adoration for the mountain was becoming increasingly strong. People started
calling mountains in other parts of Japan that had shapes similar to Fujisan by nicknames that
contained the word “Fuji” as an expression of their strong affection for Fujisan. Thesemountains—more than 300 in number—were known as “Furusato Fuji” (literally, hometown
Fujisan) [refer to Appendix 2. p.2-94] . Japanese who moved abroad gave similar nicknames tolocal mountains as an expression of their feelings for Fujisan and their dear homeland of Japan.
Examples include referring to Mount Rainier in the United States as “Tacoma Fuji,” Peru’s El Misti
as “Peru Fuji,” and Mount Mayon in the Philippines as “Luzon Fuji.”
Artificial hills that replicated the shape of Fujisan were found in Japanese gardens as well.
Methods for creating gardens were established that re-created sea, mountains, and other forms ofnature in a limited space, and thus examples appeared that sought to create ideal landscapes close tohome by emulating various scenic spots within the garden. Particularly in Edo (present-day Tokyo)
from the 18th century on, each “Daimyo” (feudal lord) would have a large-scale strolling garden
built, and the dirt left over from the excavation for ponds was used to build artificial hills in thegarden in the shape of Fujisan. Because one could view the real Fujisan from the top of these57

Japonisme:

This refers to the fascination with Japan witnessed in the West, particularly in France, around the mid-19th century. Ja
artwork (Ukiyo-e, crafts, etc.) was on exhibit at the Paris Exposition Universelle. It drew a great deal of attention and sub
influenced the sense of color and human and landscape composition of Impressionist and art nouveau artists.

artificial hills constructed in gardens, they were known as “Fujimiyama” (literally, “a mountain forviewing Fujisan”). In this way, the scenic Fujisan became known throughout Japan as a “celebrated
mountain”.
In addition, because of their admiration and fondness for Fujisan, people began to positively
associate Fujisan with such connotations as being the “best in Japan” and “something auspicious,”and so Fujisan was incorporated in the design of various items for daily use. The iconography of
Fujisan came to be used frequently—not only in high-class artistic and craft items, but in the
packaging of mass-produced goods and print advertising for products. In particular, at modern
Japan’s public bath houses, Fujisan was a favorite choice for the background images behind thebathtubs, acting as a talisman to help soothe away the day’s fatigue and inviting the patrons to
Amida Buddha’s Pure Land of Utmost Bliss.
Photo 2-134“Tacoma Fuji” (Mt Rainier, United States of America)

Photo 2-135“Peru Fuji” (Mt Misti, Peru)

Photo 2-136“Luzon Fuji” (Mayon Volcano, Philippines)© USGS / Cascades Volcano Observatory

photo by Valentin© USGS

Photo 2-137 Artificial hill that replicated the shape of Fujisan in a Japanese garden (Suizenji Jojuen, Kumamoto)© Kumamoto City
Photo 2-138 The background image of Fujisan behind the bathtub at Japan’s public bath house (Asahiyu, Tokyo)© Yamanashi Prefecture7) The Aftermath of the Movement to Abolish Buddhism--Improving the Easeof Climbing Fujisan and Passing on the Essential Meaning of the
Worship-Ascent
The Meiji government was established in 1868, after overthrowing the Edo Shogunate. Its
policies of promoting the modernization and Westernization of Japan had an impact on the worshipof Fujisan as well. The government undertook a strategy of separating Buddhism and Shintoism andbanned ascetic Buddhism; the ensuing movement to abolish Buddhism (“Haibutsukishaku”) sought
to convert Buddhist facilities into Shinto facilities. However, partly as a result of a government
decree in 1872 that lifted the gender ban on mountain worship, the worship-ascents and other ascentsof Fujisan continued and expanded.
From the end of the 19th century on, railways and roads for automobiles were built at the base of
the mountain, greatly improving the accessibility for people who make worship-ascents and otherclimbers. In 1889, the national railway’s Tokaido Line reached the southern base of the mountain,
while horse-drawn train lines and the national
railway’s Chuo Honsen Line reached the northern base of the mountain around 1900. The opening of
the railways made it even more popular for people to travel from Tokyo to climb Fujisan. In 1929, aroad was built that connected Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine with Umagaeshi (elev.
1,450 meters), and in 1937, large buses began using that road to transport people who makeworship-ascents and other climbers.
Following the end of World War II, while the essence of Fujisan worship was carried on in theact climbing of the mountain, the values and economic circumstances of the Japanese people hadchanged, resulting in a shift from a religious worship-ascent to a broader ascent motivated by anadmiration for Fujisan as well. Also, two new toll roads opened—the Fuji Subaru Line on thenorthern slope in 1964, and the Fujisan Sky Line on the southern slope in 1970—that allowed
automobiles to drive halfway up the mountain, after which the trend was to start one’s climb fromthe midway point up the slopes (elev. 2,300–2,400 meters). As a result, the number of people
climbing Fujisan increased dramatically, reaching an annual average of about 300,000 people.
Although the motives for people’s ascents have changed and the transportation to the starting pointof the climb has changed as well, today’s method of climbing Fujisan—hiking with a kongozue
walking stick (pilgrim’s staff) in hand, proceeding at nighttime step-by-step up the mountainside to
the summit, to experience “Goraigo” (also known as “Goraiko”, a religious term referring to theAmida Buddha welcoming souls into the Buddhist Pure Land) at sunrise—still embodies theessential nature of the worship-ascents that were based on Fujisan worship.
Photo 2-139 Post card picture of the Meiji and Taisho Periods (horse-led coach station that opened on the northside of Mt Fuji around 1900) (collection of Fujiyoshida Museum of Local History, Yamanashi)

8) The History of Modern Preservation Efforts
In 1924, under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty andNatural Monuments, the Fujisan Mountain Area and a broad area of the northern side including the
Fujisan Mountain Area received a provisional designation59 as a Place of Scenic Beauty. In 1936,
not only the area provisionally designated but also a surrounding swath around the mountain
including the “Fujigoko” (Fuji Five Lakes) and Shiraito no Taki waterfalls were designated as partof the Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law (now the Natural Parks Law

58

). In

this way, Fujisan and its surrounding area have been the object of protective efforts both for thecultural value of its wonderful scenic landscape as well as for being Japan’s foremost natural scenic
location. In addition, the woodlands midway up the slopes of Fujisan were known as “Ohayashi”
during the Edo Period and were under the protection of the Edo Shogunate; they were then assumed
as a state-owned forest in 1869, and became an Imperial Forest (i.e., the property of the imperial
household) in 1889, each designation bringing with it the appropriate protection.
In the post–World War II era, the provisional designation as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the
prewar Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments
was replaced in 1952, when the area from around fifth station up to the summit of Fujisan, as well aspart of the ascending routes, were designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the newly integrated
and enacted Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties. Moreover, the same year it was
designated as a Special Place of Scenic Beauty, and in 1966, the area covered by that designation
was expanded. Then in 2011, based on the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, the areafrom the eighth station up, the ascending routes, the compounds of the Sengen-jinja shrines were
designated as a Historic Site. The Imperial Forest became a National Forest in 1947, and has been

58

Natural Parks Law:

The English title of the “Natural Parks Law” has been changed to “Natural Park Act” recently. In the text of t
document, the old title, “Natural Parks Law”, is used, whereas the text of the law included in Appendix 10 is based on th
English title, “Natural Park Act”.

subject to the appropriate preservation administration under the Law on the Administration andManagement of National Forests that was enacted in 1951.
Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture each drew up their own Preservation andManagement Plans for Fujisan as a Special Place of Scenic Beauty—Yamanashi in 1978
(subsequently revised in 1999 and 2006) and Shizuoka in 2006—and in 2012 the two prefectures
agreed on Preservation and Management Plans for Fujisan as a Historic Site, through which they arecarrying out the appropriate measures for the preservation and utilization of Fujisan as a culturalproperty.
The buildings and sites related to Fujisan worship, such as the cluster of compounds andbuildings belonging to the Sengen-jinja shrines

as well as those of the “Oshi” Lodging Houses at

the foot of Fujisan, have been designated and protected since 1907 as Important Cultural Properties,
a Special Place of Scenic Beauty, a Special Natural Monument, a Historic Site, Places of Scenic
Beauty, and Natural Monuments under the Ancient Shrines and Temples Preservation Law(1897–1929), the National Treasures Preservation Law (1929–1950), the Law for the Preservation ofHistoric Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments (1919–1950), and the Law for theProtection of Cultural Properties (1950–present). Preservation and management plans have been
established for each of these cultural properties (refer to Attached Document 1 of Appendix 8,“Fujisan Comprehensive Preservation and Management Plan for the summaries of individual plans),
and thorough preservation and management is being implemented that reflects the location andnature of each one.
In addition, with the objective of comprehensively managing the entire property including the
Fujisan Mountain Area, all the other component parts and constituent elements, the “FujisanComprehensive Preservation and Management Plan” (Appendix 8) was set out in January 2012,
under which the unified preservation and management of the property is being carried out.
Not

only

government

institutions

but

also

numerous

nonprofit

organizations

andnongovernmental organizations are also conducting initiatives to protect Fujisan’s naturalenvironment. These initiatives include trash collection along the hiking trails and around the base of
the mountain, as well as efforts to preserve the springs (both those that are component parts of the59

nominated property and those that are not ), afforestation efforts to protect the sources of thosesprings, efforts to restore the natural forests, and so on. All of these efforts are motivated at least inpart by a feeling of worship and love for Fujisan.
Photo 2-140

Contemporary nature protection activities (tree planting)© Shizuoka Prefecture

Photo 2-141

Contemporary nature protection activities (litter cleaning)© Fujisan Beautification Foundation

59

Springs not included in the nominated property:

Among the springs on the southeastern base of Fujisan that are not component parts of the nominated property, one example is the
Kakitagawa River, a river designated as a Natural Monument in 2011 that is formed by spring water fed by the rainfall on Fujisanthat emerges at the southeastern end of the lava flows. A similar example is Kohamaike Pond, designated as a Natural Monument
and a Place of Scenic Beauty in 1954. This pond is also fed by spring water that emerges at the southeastern end of the lava flows,
and in 1890 it was incorporated into the garden of Rakujuen, a villa for Prince Komatsu (Akihito).

Table 2-4

Fujisan Seen by Foreign People

Name (birth - death)Year of visit to Japan
Description relating to Fujisan

Brief explanation about the author

Engelbert Kaempfer (1651-1716)

A German national who stayed in Japan as a doctor for the
Dutch trading house for 2 years from 1690, during which hevisited the Shogunate in Edo twice. Published “The History ofJapan” after returning to his home country.

Visited Japan in 1690

we saw for the first time the marvelously high and most beautiful mountain of the world
Fuji no yama.
(…)
Similar to Mount Tenerife, it is of incredible height, so that in comparison the su
mountains look like low hills. Therefore the mountain served us for many miles as point of r
along the way and when plotting the map. The mountain is conical in shape and s
beautiful that one may easily call it the most beautiful mountain in the world, even thoughdevoid of grasses and plants and the greater part of it is covered with a white mantle of sn
the time.
[Cited from: Bodart-Bailey, Beatrice M. ed. “Kaempfer’s Japan. Tokugawa Culture Observed /Engelbert Kaemper”. University of Hawai’i Press, 1999.]

Shin Yu-Han (1681-?)
Visited Japan in 1719

Visited Japan in 1719 as a documentation officer of the 9th
Korea Communication Mission

I stopped the palanquin to take a look at it, as the mountain stands soaring high and pen
the blue sky like a white gem hairpin, while the lower part below the middle is shcover of clouds. It is as beautiful as the white lotus flowering in Gem Pond of Mt
China. It is hardly a usual sight in the world. If the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty had
this view on Mt Taishan, he would certainly have flown over the sea to this place to search
immortal. (omitted) Although there are many mountains in the world that come to my mithem would not compete with Mt Fuji.
Japanese people rejoiced at the real sight of the mountain. Indeed, the absolute heightpeak defies the weight of the sky, penetrating it like an ornamental hairpin, and th
mountain is as immaculate as a white gem.
[Translated from: “Kaiyuroku”. Trans. by Jai-eun Kan. Heibonsha, 1974.]

Carl Thunberg (1743-1828)
Visited Japan in 1775

Renowned Swedish natural scientist. Stayed in Japan in
1775 and 1776 to study animals and plants.

[I have seen the peak of Mt. Fuji for the past several days (...) This mountain is the talles
island and is always covered in snow. Its peak, so white as to be blinding, pierces the cloudshines with the illumination of snow. Its base extends up toward the peak, forming and acu
shape, similar to a steepled piece of Ta Tang or a rhinoceros’ horns. The Japanese ascends
to make pilgrimage to the wind gods, but 6,000 steps are needed to reach the summit, takdays to climb. However, descent is both simple and quick. It takes only]
a few hours.
[Re-translated from Japanese translation in: “Tsunberugu Nihon Kiko”. Trans. by Tamaki
Yamada. Sunnansha, 1941.]

Johan Frederik van Overmeer
Fisscher (1800-1848)
Visited Japan in 1822

An administrator of the Dutch trading house on Dejima in
Nagasaki in 1822. Accompanied a trip of the chief trader, Jan
Cock Blomhoff, to visit the Shogunate in Edo.

[It is not strange at all that the Japanese try to present this mountain through a variety of line
drawings and sketches. We do not grow tired of viewing it and have stopped many times to commend
its beautiful and praiseworthy natural scenery.
One of the most beautiful mountains in Japan is the famous Mt. Fuji (...) In August, people makepilgrimages here for religious purposes, and, as they worship the gods residing in the shrines locatedamong the summit’s rocks, it is a unique time to visit. I have seen this place with my own eyes, and I
can easily understand why the Japanese are so fascinated by the beauty and fecundity of thmountain and its surroundings, as attested to by the many pictures and various metal casting
depicting Fuji’s form, as well as the many novels and poems singing and write down the aspects of
Mt. Fuji.][Retranslated from Japanese translation in: Shoji, Mitsuo. “Nihon Fuzoku Biko”. Trans. by Jiro
Numata. Heibonsha, 1978.)

Philipp Franz Balthasar von Siebold(1796-1866)
Visited Japan in 1823, 1859

A German doctor and naturalist. Made efforts in introducing
Western culture during the period when Japan was closing its
doors to foreign countries. Stayed in Japan from 1823 to 28
and from 1859 to 63.

[I cannot see Mt. Fuji due to the clouded sky. However, at around lunch time the weather
improved slightly, and before I knew it I was once again staring in wonder at the summit, wrapped insnow, stretching upwards. It goes without saying that only the folds of the mountains facing
downwards were covered with snow, forming a long white strip and shining from its summit to the
middle of its ridges. I also enjoyed viewing the incredibly beautiful scenery]at its base.
[Retranslated from Japanese translation in: “Edo Sampu Kiko”. Trans. by Shin Saito. Heibonsha.]

Samuel Wells Williams (1812-1884)
Visited Japan in 1853

A linguist and missionary from the USA. Accompanied Matthew
Calbraith Perry’s expedition to Japan (1853 and 1854). Perry is
known to have visited the secluded Japan and opened its
doors.

[This is the haziest day since the fleet first arrived at this bay. I couldn’t see the crests oabruptly soaring heights of Fuji, the great landmark. As an aside, Mt. Fuji becomes more vivid as
one approaches the evening, rather than during the day, and more often than not it seemed mclear and beautiful during sunrise. At those times, the peak often shone against the splendor
crimson backdrop.
][Retranslated from Japanese translation in: “Peruri Nihon Enseiki”. Iwanami Shoten.]Townsend Harris (1804-1878)
Visited Japan in 1856

The first US Consul General to Japan. Known for concluding
the Treaty of Amity and Commerce (United States - Japan).
Stayed in Japan from 1856 to 62.

[It is a grand scene beyond all description.
It was covered in snow. In the shining of the sun, it looked like frozen silver. I even thought thatits awe-inspiring, lofty form was yet more inspiring than that of the famous Dhaulagiri in the
Himalayas, which I saw in January] 1855.
[Retranslated from Japanese translation in: “Nihon Taizaiki”. Trans. by Seiichi Sakata. Iwamani
Bunko.]

Henry Heusken (1832-1861)
Visited Japan in 1856

Interpreter and secretary for Harris when the Treaty of Amity
and Commerce (United States - Japan) was concluded.
Stayed in Japan from 1856 and died in Japan in 1861.

Rounding a mountain, I sight through the foliage of a few pine trees a white peak that gl
the sun. In an instant I realize that I am looking at Fujiyama. Never in my life will forget thethat mountain as I saw it today for the first time, and I don’t think anything in the world wil
equal its beauty.
There are mountains three times higher than Fuji; the glaciers of Switzerland are
impressive and magnificent; the summit of The Himalayas, the sublime Dawalaquiri,
venerable heights, but one cannot see it until one has climbed other mountains that hide itin the plains; one sees but ice and glaciers; snows surround you wherever you may turn yo
But here, in the midst of a smiling countryside covered with abundant crops-with pine grov
giant camphor trees that seem to vie in longevity with the very soil where they were born,shade with their majestic foliage for some miya, or chapel, dedicated to the ancien
Empire, and as a backdrop for this theater of plenty and serenity-the pure outline
Fujiyama rises like two symmetrical lines toward the sky, whose pale blue seemed dark, co
the immaculate snows of the mountain that reflected, like another Kohinoor, the rays of thesun.
In spite of myself I pulled the reins of my horse and, carried away by an outburst of enthtook off my hat and cried: “Great, glorious Fujiyama!” Glory forever to the mountain of mouof the Pacific Sea, which alone raises its venerable brow covered with eternal snow
verdant countryside of Nippon! Jealous of its beauty, it will not suffer a rival which might les
splendor. Its crown of snow stands out alone above the highest mountains of Nippon.
[Cited from: Heusken, Henry. “Japan Journal 1855-1861”. Rutgers, 1964.]

Laurence Oliphant (1829-1888)
Visited Japan in 1858

A British traveler and writer born in South Africa.
Accompanied the envoy extraordinary to Qing as a secretaryand came to Japan in 1858 to conclude the Anglo-Japanese
Treaty of Amity and Commerce. Appointed as a secretary for
British legation in Japan in 1861.

[Note too that Mt. Fuji is considered an object of worship, it is at the same time also exal
its beautiful scenery, exemplary form, commanding height, and volcanic character, and lea
impression on the artistic emotions of Japan. It forms the background of nearly all
paintings, and is a preferred component in the design of lacquerware and pottery. It is occa
covered in snow, and occasionally shows signs of eruption. Its form during these times of dfearful changes in nature have depicted in the oral tradition.
However, the conically-shaped summit stretched forth in the reaches of the blue sky, wit
as it has always been creating the form of these pictures’ magnificent scenery. In these pai
Fuji’s great peaks have ruled over the capital of great Japan for many a century and in prevtimes were never seen.
][Retranslated from Japanese translation in: “Eruginkyo Kennichi Shisetsuroku”. Trans. by Akio
Okada. Yumatsudo Shoten.]Sir Rutherford Alcock (1809-1897)
Visited Japan in 1859

Came to Japan in 1859 as the first British consul general andthe minister extraordinary and plenipotentiary to Japan.
Became the first foreigner to climb Fujisan in 1860.

(At last we were fairly on our way and our pilgrimage to’mons
Fusiyama
excelsus et singularis’as Kempfer describes it ‘which in beauty, perhaps, hath not its equal.’ It may be seen from Yeddo ata distance of some eighty miles, on a bright summer evening, lifting its head high into the clouds, thewestern sun setting behind it and making a screen of gold on which its purple mass stands out in bold
relief. Or, early in the morning, its glittering cone of snow, tipped with the rays of the rising orb――and in either aspect it is certainly both singular and picturesque, springing abruptly frombroad base into an almost perfect cone, truncated only at the extreme pinnacle, and towering far
above all the surrounding ranges of hills. To the Japanese who are anything but cosmopolitan it may
be the matchless for which as Kcempfer goes on to say, ‘poets cannot find words, nor painters skill
and colours sufficient, to represent the mountain as they think it deserves.’[Cited from: Alcok, Rutherford, Sir. “Capital of the Tycoon: Narrative of a Three Years’
Residence in Japan”. Greenwood Press, 1969.]

Friedrich Albrecht Graf zu
Eulenburg (1815-1881)
Visited Japan in 1860

A diplomat and politician of the Kingdom of Prussian. Came to
Japan in 1860 accompanying a painter, A. Berg (1825-1884),
etc. Concluded the Prusso-Japanese Treaty of Amity andCommerce in the following year.

[It was a truly wonderful morning. The wonder of the shining Japanese scenery showed me all its
distinctive flavors as if it had truly prepared for my leaving. The sky is a clear blue, with layers ofheavy grey clouds lying horizontally above the snow-tipped mountains. Above them conical shaped
magnificent Mt. Fuji stood like a white giant. Thousands of white sails floated above the sma
wavelets of the bay like snowflakes. And then, the fleet converged to depart the bay in ordescrounge around the long awaited quiet]
sea.
[Retranslated from Japanese translation in: “Oiren Buruku Nihon Enseiki”. Trans. by Akio Nakai.
Yushodo Shoten.]

Sir Ernest Satow (1843-1929)
Visited Japan in 1862, 1895

A British diplomat. Consecutively served as a translator and a
British minister to Japan for the British legation and establishedthe foundation of Japanoloy in the UK. Stayed in Japan
from1862 to 1883 and from 1895 to 1900.

Next morning when we rose at six, we got a beautiful view of Fuji, the “Peerless One,” springing
from the ground as it seemed almost behind the inn, and lifting its beautiful head into the pale bluesky, above horizontal wreaths and stretches of cloud.
(…)
in front, the base of the great mountain was hidden by the low range which runs down into the sea
near Kambara, and a white cloud encircled its middle. Wringman sat down to make a sketch, fromwhich he painted a picture which is still in my possession.
(…)
We then had a view of Fuji almost rising out of the sea and drawing its skirts up gradually behindit, curious but not so beautiful as when it is partly concealed by lesser summits which afford
standard of comparison.
[Cited from: Satow, Ernest, Sir. “A Diplomat in Japan”. ICG Muse, Inc., 2000.]Aime Humbert (1819-1900)
Visited Japan in 1863

Came to Japan as a chief delegate in 1863 to conclude theTreaty of Amity and Commerce between Switzerland andJapan.

[The search for dreams is not unrelated to the charms found in a tea house on the outsk
Edo. Such houses are built in the most prime locations for viewing Mt. Fuji. In view
extraordinary mountain scenery, whether at sunrise or sunset, whether under a clear sky ostorm, its form fulfills all manner of fantastic imagination.
][Retranslated from Japanese translation in: “Amberu Bakumatsu Nihon Zue”. Trans. by Kunitaro
Takahashi. Yushodo Shoten.]

Sir Harry Parkes (1825-1885)
Visited Japan in 1865

Came to Japan as a minister to Japan superseding Sir Alcockin 1865. Climbed Fujisan with his wife and others in 1866. At
that time, Fujisan was closed to women and thus his wife was
the first female foreigner to climb Fujisan.

[The sun has already risen, lighting up the mountain in one brief instant, without impedinview, with the mountains of Hakone before me, as I look about I see several red lakes. Altho
truly exquisite natural seen has appeared before my eyes, the biting cold is too much to be
thermometer registers 35 degrees.
][Retranslated from Japanese translation in: “Nihon Shimbun”. Sekai Bunko.]

Vittorio Arminjon (1830-1897)
Visited Japan in 1866

An Italian navy man who visited Japan in 1866 for trading. In
the same year, concluded the Italian-Japanese Treaty of Amity
and Commerce.

[The sky was heavy with clouds. However the cloud suddenly vanished, and above the cl
the skyline appeared the awe-inspiring Mt. Fuji. We were located approximately 80 miles fr
mountain. Mt. Fuji means ”splendid mountain”. When the Japanese emissaries return
Europe, they gazed upon the mountain and did a little dance in happiness (...) Mt. Fuji is de
all manners of graphical works and novels. It is a mountain that has been sanctifie
religious tradition. Many pilgrims visit the base of this mountain to perform Buddhis
summer they climb up to the volcanic crater and pray to the spirits of the Shinto
Dharma masters) who lived and died.] there[Retranslated from Japanese translation in: “Bakumatsu Nihon Ki”. Trans. by Toshio Tanuma,
Sangaku Shobo]/

Georges Bousquet (1846(3?)-1937)
Visited Japan in 1872

French lawyer. Submitted a petition of the “Law School Plan”
with the intention of making the Japanese legal system
functional and created an opportunity to make the law schoolof the Ministry of Justice. Stayed in Japan from 1872 to
1876.

[And then Fujiyama rises above our heads with incomparable sharpness.
The volcano blots out the round sun, shrouded in purple, rising proud and strongly like asaint of a church whose front is surrounded by a brightly shining backdrop. As if inappearance of such an unthinkable object, we feel coming to mind a blinding, pagan sensa
then, faced with the enchanting expansion of the forces of nature, we feel as if we are goin
this dangerously reverent mind-set. Why was primeval man able to reject the wisdom, will,of the almighty stars that showed him such a grand spectacle before his very eyes?
As I look back, I can view magnificent scenery. At the other side of the lake that runs alo
entire length, we see the mountains growing broader and broader, and at the tiny
between the mountains, Fujiyama, ever all-knowing, divine, and entire, rises shrouded in throse like a gigantic stamen in the center of a flower. It would take numerous volumes and m
to mark down impressions that cannot be depicted with pen alone and to describe the everbeautyof the mountain. However, maintaining in mind the beauty of that memory is just like maintaining thcharm of perfume in a bottle. The following is what I can say together with the Latin poets, and isdefinitely about this kind of journey: ”Remembering is but a temporary
enjoyment”][Retranslated from Japanese translation in: “Nihon Kembun Ki”. Trans. by Yoshiyuki Noda andKeiichiro Kuno. Misuzu Shobo.]

Basil Hall Chamberlain (1850-1935)
Visited Japan in 1873

Born in the UK. Together with Sir Ernest Satow and William
George Aston, one of the most famous Japanologists from thethlate 19th century to the early 20
century. Stayed in Japan
from 1873 to 1911.

Natives and foreigners, artists and holiday-makers, alike fall down in adoration before thewondrous mountain which stands utterly alone in its union of grace and majesty.
[Cited from: Chamberlain, Basil Hall. “Things Japanese”. Shueisha, 1898.]

Isabella Bird (1831-1904)
Visited Japan in 1878

A British female traveler. The first woman selected as a
special member of the Royal Geographical Society at the ageof 62. Had a distant view of Fujisan from Tokyo Bay during
her first visit to Japan.

[On deck I frequently heard voices singing praise of Mt. Fuji, and although I searched forlocation for a long time, I was unable to find it anywhere. It wasn’t on land, but rather up toward theheavens I looked, and unimaginably high in the sky I saw a giant, cone-shaped mountain (...) Except
for Tristan da Cunha (a volcano located at the southernmost reaches of South America) – anothercone-shaped snow-covered mountain – I have never before seen such an awe-inspiring, lofty
mountain. Whether from near or far, nothing could diminish its height and magnificence. As Mt. Fuji
is both a divine mountain and one that inspires nostalgia in the Japanese people, Japanese art nevergrows tired of drawing its ]form.
[Retranslated from Japanese translation in: “Nihon Okuchi Kiko”. Trans. by Kenkichi Takanashi.
Heibonsha.]

Alfred Parsons (1847-1920)
Visited Japan in 1892

A British watercolor painter. Compiled scenes from his stay inJapan in 1892 and published a book called “Notes in Japan”
four years later.

[The great Japanese mountain are well known amongst us foreigners. Their forms are introduced incountless movies, and it’s foreign name, ”Fujiyama”, is as widely familiar as Mont Blanc or Pike’s
Peak (...) However, whatever name it is known by, Mt. Fuji has a unique appeal. It is so wonderful as
to sear itself into the memory of all travelers who first view it, whether it be Fuji viewed whwalking through Yokohama, Fuji seen from Ueno in Tokyo, on the other side of phone lines crossing
it in all directions like a mist, or Fuji viewed from the decks of a steamship cutting through waves as
it crosses Suruga Bay.
Mt. Fuji appears so tall that I think it sticks out a little too far. The fact that its long, relaxe
contours stretch upward limitlessly to 12,000 feet about sea level, it is completely unsurrounded by
mountains that compete with it in height, and viewing of the particularly exaggerated perspective of
its wide base compared to its narrow peak all contribute to making this impression even stronger. It
is in fact that case due to this, one’s latent, greedy spirit is made to crave the fact that Mt. Fuji issuch an excellent highland location.][Retranslated from Japanese translation in: Fushimi, Isao. “Fugaku Rekiran. Gaikokujin no Mita
Fujisan”. Gendai Ryoko Kenkyujo, 1982.]

Walter Weston (1861-1940)
Visited Japan in 1888, 1902,
and 1911

A British missionary. Stayed in Japan from 1888 to 1894 andvisited the Hida Mountains, the Kiso Mountains, and the
Akaishi Mountains for recreation. Also stayed in Japan from1902 to 1906 and from 1911 to 1915.

[Once, I caught a glimpse of Fuji’s light black conical form far to the south, and it looked
was floating in the space between heaven and earth.
The evening sun sunk behind Fuji, but the remaining light warmed up the peaks of the fa
Hakone Mountains. Its skirts, ever spacious, was of an indescribable beauty.
I had a good view, to the point that I couldn’t help but look at it over and over, even as I
shoes. The landscape toward the Hakone Mountains was particularly wonderful. The
climbed, the more expansive the view became. Even now, the sea looks huge, taki
portion of the scenery. The broad, ever-changing view is what makes climbing Fuji
interesting. Far various reasons, it makes a greater impression on me than the mountain vi
Swiss Alps. Of course, even with the Swiss Alps I have looked down on the mounta
Switzerland and Italy, but looking down on the expansive blue plains of the Pacificcompletely different, deep sensation to those climbing Fuji.
The view from the summit contains lakes, forests, oceans, and plains, and it is as if one iat a gigantic map with a variety of changes in coloration and light. Turning my eyes from thas pale as death lying at my feet, crossing over the expansive land filled to the brim with thof spring, and staring across the waves of the seaside far in the distance is truly magnificen
fresh, invigorating feeling I tasted coming in contact with this strange scene is in a league o
I will never be able to forget the impression I got looking at this wonderful view from the su. I willthe enjoyable
the most beautiful mountain in the most beautiful country
Godkeep
createdmemories of this scenery forever deep within my heart like a valuable
treasure.
][Retranslated from Japanese translation in: “Gogatsu no Fujiyama”. Trans. by Kiyoshi Hirose.
Tokyo Sogensha.]

Patrick Lafcadio Hearn(1883-1981)
Visited Japan in 1890

A journalist (newspaper reporter), travel writer, essayist,novelist, and Japanologist born in Greece. Came to Japan in1890 and naturalized as a Japanese citizen in 1896. Climbed
Fujisan in 1898.

[On a clear, cloudless day, especially in spring or fall, the mountainous form outlined withaccumulated snow or the first snowfall of the season, the beauty of Fuji sticking out proudly
far reaches of the sky is the most elegant spectacle in all Japan – no, it is, in fact, one of thegreatest spectacles. Because the foot of the mountain, free of snow, is largely of a blue tha
mistaken for the sky, people can only look at the cone-shaped mountain, bristled with the wsnow, as it reaches up to the heavens (...) Even more than a hand-held fan, the mountain it
airy form, seeming rather in fact like the essence or illusion of a fan, stretching a hundred m
the distance, is of a grandeur that can compete with any other mountain, and, atina the wheight of 12,500 feet, can be distantly seen from 13 countries.
It is naked in form right up to its peak, enormous in scale, and is so wonderful that one t
has just now suddenly burst forth, rising from the earth. There will never again be
beautiful (...) Despite this, one can say that the beauty of this mountain lies more in its sym
than its coloration.
][Retranslated from Japanese translation in: “Fujisan”. Trans. by Teiichi Hirai. Shudosha.]Theodor von Lerch (1869-1945)
Visited Japan in 1910

A soldier of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and the first
person who formally taught skiing in Japan. The first person
who skied from the mountaintop of Fujisan in 1912. Stayed inJapan from 1910 to 1912.

[When I attempted to take my eyes off it after having gotten my first glimpse, a scene that I will
never forget until the end of my life suddenly appeared. One shining point of light in the foggy sky, ashimmering white pyramid. Though the land itself is still obscured, Mt. Fuji was already shining inthe sun. To me, one who had thought just that the snowy mountain was hidden by clouds, this sceneryeven seemed odd. As a greeting by the Land of the Rising Sun welcoming me in, could there ever besomething more beautiful? I remained standing there seemingly forever, in rapture at this short-lived
natural wonder. Fuji’s summit is located at 3,800 meters. It stretches forth to the heavens, and isuniversally known throughout the world as a symbol of Japan.
As we skiers zig-zag ascending mountains, the sea of fog right in front of us becomes eve
brighter. In this way we burst forth to the free heavens above, just as if we were coming out frombehind a heavy curtain. Oh, the view of Fuji in full splendor! Right up to its summit, it shines in thedazzling light of the sun. Above that, the fully clear, deep blues of the heavens – ]a heaven unto itself.
[Retranslated from Japanese translation in: “Meiji no Nihon no Omoide”. Trans. by Osamu Nakano.
Chugai Shobo.]

Paul Claudel (1868-1955)
Visited Japan in 1921

A playwright and poet representing 20 th–century France. Also
excelled as a diplomat and worked hard to promote economic
and cultural exchange between Japan and France when he
was an ambassador to Japan. Stayed in Japan from 1921 to1927.

Et au-dessus de tout le pays, dominant les plaines et les montagnes, les îles et l’océan, s’ élève
comme l’autel le plus grandiose que la nature ait jamais élevé à son Créateur, comme une born
milliaire digne de marquer le point où le soleil, après sa longue course au travers des Eauxinhabitées, va s’engager dans sa carrière humaine, la masse énorme du Fuji.
[Cited from: Claudel, Paul. “L’Oiseau Noir dans le Soleil Levant”. Gallimard, 2001.]

Katharine Samson (1883-1981)
Visited Japan in 1928

Stayed in Japan from 1928 to 1939 together with her husband
who worked for the British Embassy as a diplomat. Published“Living in Tokyo 1928-1936” in the UK in 1937.

So up I went instead; and there she was, gleaming across the bay in brilliant sunshine. Y
never feel like using such a term as “towering giant” about Fujisan: she is curiously ethereal; shehangs from Heaven. It is astonishing, in fact, how easy it is to miss seeing her altogether. You
look across in the direction where she should be and you cannot find her; you raise your eyes
search, and there she is, her classic peak appearing much further up the sky than you had
remembered, over the bank of clouds. There is nothing of the masculine magnificence of the greaticy ranges about Fuji; she is a dream, a poem, an inspiration, and on seeing her again after absence
my heart misses a beat. There is an extraordinary beauty about her. One can understand how she
exercises so tremendous a grip on the imagination and aesthetic sensibility of the Japanese people.
[Cited from: Sansom, Katharine. “Living in Tokyo”. Harcourt, Brace & Company, 1937.]

Bruno Taut (1880-1938)

Visited Japan in 1933

Internationally renowned architect representing Germany
before World War II.
Came to Japan in May 1933 on the invitation from theInternational Architectural Association of Japan when he was
hunted by the Nazi regime. During his stay until October
1936, he introduced to the world the beauty of Japanesebuildings such as Ise Jingu Shinto Shrine and Katsura Villa(Detached Palace) as well as the excellence of traditional
Japanese culture through numbers of books and created asensation.

[Mt. Fuji is always marvelous, no matter when I see it. It’s form appearing abovclouds is beyond compare. Light clouds sometimes seem like the atmosphere itself.
time, the summit can even be seen. Although it is of course a physical entity, it isdistilled. It truly is a symbol of Japanese culture.
Mt. Fuji is a miracle of nature, its pure outline reaching forth into the clouded sky such twant to call it closed off. However, it is in realty a small mountain, and naught but a dwarf cwith Gauri Sankar. But it’s because of this that it is chosen by heaven!
Last evening, Mt. Fuji was shining divinely. It was truly a miracle of nature, as if a true sk
crafted object. The issue of ”mountains” has been resolved without leaving anything out fro
point of view of ”Alps Construction” Natural and form – this is the secret of Japan.
Mt. Fuji is a mountain of the. gods
Here lies the origin of Japan, Shintoism, and the cultur
thereof. The form of this mountain, the most refined in the world, is one that conn
heaven.
The Japanese cannot resist gazing upon and admiring it (even those gentlemen
up ”European style” are no exception), Here, the Japanese people’s ideals for living as crea
the great artists is faithfully manifested.
][Retranslated from Japanese translation in: “Nihon”. Trans. by Hideo Shinoda. Iwanami Shoten.]Chapter 3
Justification for Inscription

3.1.a Brief synthesis
Fujisan is Japan ’s highest peak (elev. 3,776 m) and the sacred, majestic form of its
solitary volcanic cone is known throughout the world as a symbol of Japan.
The worship of Fujisan is unique in nature, centering on efforts to draw power from thedeities residing on the mountain and to experience of a symbolic death and rebirth in thecourse of making worship-ascents from the slopes to the summit of the mountain andpilgrimages to religious sites at the foot of the mountain. As the beliefs, ceremonies, andreligious activities of Fujisan-worship evolved, the awe that the volcanic Fujisan inspired
gave birth to traditions that emphasized coexistence with nature, and that in turn evolved
into traditions focused on reverence and affection for Fujisan ’s majestic form andgratitude for the blessings it provides through the springs at its base and other natural
attributes. The essence of those traditions has transcended the ages and continues to befaithfully preserved to the present day, influencing the form and spirit of contemporary
ascents of the mountain and pilgrimages to the sites on and at the base of Fujisan.
In addition, these traditions served as inspiration for the Ukiyo-e prints by Katsushika
Hokusai (ca. 1760-1849) and Utagawa Hiroshige (1797-1858), depicting the many facetsof Fujisan, and as the wellspring for the transformation of Fujisan into an iconic figure withoutstanding universal significance. In this way, Fujisan has become a significant symbol ofJapan and Japanese culture.
As is stated above, through both the religious practices associated with the mountainfrom premodern times and the artistic activity inspired by the mountain’s landscape,people all over the world have come to see Fujisan as an outstanding example of a type ofJapan’
s majestic and sacred mountain landscape, and as a result it has secured a spot as
one of the world’s celebrated mountains. Accordingly, it possesses Outstanding Universal
Value.

3.1.b Criteria under which inscription is proposed
1) Definition of the Nominated Property according to the Convention
Fujisan, the nominated property, corresponds to the “sites” defined in Article 1 of the World
Heritage Convention, and paragraph 45 of the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of theWorld Heritage Convention (hereinafter referred to as the “Operational Guidelines” in this chapter).
However, among the component parts and the constituent elements of the nominated property,
the buildings of the Sengen-jinja shrines can be characterized as “monuments,” and two sets ofbuildings that comprise the “Oshi” Lodging Houses can be characterized as “a group of buildings”
as defined in Article 1 of the Convention and paragraph 45 of the Operational Guidelines.

2) Justification for Inscription under the Proposed Criteria
For the reasons outlined below, Criteria (iii), (iv), and (vi) are proposed for the justification for
inscription of Fujisan on the World Heritage List.

Figure 3-1 shows the relation of the above-mentioned three Criteria to the Outstanding Universal
Value of Fujisan.
Figure 3-2 shows the schematic interrelations among the three Criteria.

Criterion (iii)

To bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural traditio
civilization which is living or which has disappeared

Citation for Criterion (iii)
There is a common Asian cultural tradition of religious veneration of mountains, inwhich specific mountains with unique forms or other natural attributes are considered
to be the abodes of gods or buddhas and are regarded as sacred objects of worship.
The religious traditions surrounding Fujisan are of a unique nature even in thiscontext. The majestic form of Fujisan as a solitary stratovolcano, coupled with thevolcanic activity that the upper regions of the mountain still exhibited from time to time,
led people to worship it from afar as an expression of the awe with which the deities ofthe mountain were regarded. In addition, Fujisan also inspired worship-ascents to thepeak and pilgrimages to sacred sites on the lower slopes and at the foot of themountain, undertaken with the intent of imbuing the pilgrim with the spiritual powers
possessed by the gods and buddhas believed to reside there.
Particularly in the 18th and early 19th century, when Fujisan ’s majestic form waseasily visible from the streets of Edo (present-day Tokyo), the seat of the Edo
Shogunate, the practices of veneration from afar, worship-ascents, and pilgrimages tosacred sites on Fujisan became widespread among the common people. In theprocess, the beliefs as well as the ceremonial and religious activities related to
Fujisan worship were established. These were mainly focused on the worship-ascentto the summit of Fujisan, combined with pilgrimages to sacred sites on the mountainand around its base, as a means to acquire the spiritual power from the gods andbuddhas residing on the mountain and to seek an experience of symbolic death andspiritual rebirth.
In addition, the awe with which Fujisan was regarded, based on the uniquely
Japanese religion of Shinto, inspired a tradition that emphasized coexistence with thenatural environment created by the volcano. That tradition further inspired love andrespect for Fujisan, and gratitude for the bounty the people through the springs foundat the base of the mountains. These feelings also served as a matrix that gave birth toa deep adoration of the majestic form of the mountain as well as countless works ofart depicting Fujisan.
Thus, the essential nature of the traditions surrounding Fujisan have transcended
the ages, being faithfully handed down in the form and spirit as evidenced incontemporary ascents of the mountain and pilgrimages to the sacred sites on and at
the base of the mountain. The diverse cultural assets engendered by Fujisan and its
worship demonstrate that Fujisan is an exceptional testimony to a living cultural
tradition centered on mountains.

(i) The historically established cultural tradition of worshipping Fujisan
The idea that particular mountains with unique forms or other natural attributes are the abodes ofgods or buddhas and are thus sacred objects of worship or veneration is a form of religious belief
concerning mountains that is common throughout Asia. In the case of Fujisan in particular, thedepths of the crater on the summit were believed to be the abode of the deity of the volcano, Asama
1

no Okami , while the zone from the forest limit to the summit (from the fifth station of the ascentonward) of this independent stratovolcano with an imposing conical form was regarded as a sacredregion and was considered to be the “other world” (the world after death).
In the eighth to ninth centuries, when the volcano was more active, various points at the foot of
the mountain were chosen as places from which to venerate the peak from a distance as an
expression of awe and respect for Asama no Okami and as a supplication to quiet the mountain’s
eruptions and seismic disturbances. At a number of these, Sengen-jinja shrine compounds (dedicatedto Asama no Okami) were established.
Around the 12th century, as volcanic activity subsided, the Fujisan Mountain Area became acenter for religious practice by Buddhist ascetics, who explored the mountain seeking the spiritual
power embodied in Asama no Okami, the Shinto deity and in Dainichi Nyorai (Mahavairocana
Buddha), the Buddhist counterpart (“Honjibutsu”). In the 15th and 16th centuries, ordinary people
began to make worship-ascents up the mountain, guided by these practitioners.
The worship-ascents began with ritual purification in springs on the mountain foot, followed by atrek from one of the shrines at the base of the mountain up the ascending route, entering themountain area beyond the fifth station—considered a sacred area and the “other world”—and finallyarriving at the summit of the mountain. The goal of these pilgrimages was to acquire spiritual powerfrom the gods and buddhas inhabiting the mountain, and to experience a symbolic death and spiritual
rebirth.
Then, beginning in the 17th century, when it was possible to see the distant vista of Fujisan evenfrom the streets of Edo (present-day Tokyo), the seat of power of the Shogunate, religious practices
involving the veneration of Fujisan from afar, worship-ascents, and pilgrimages to the mountainbecame widespread among the common people. From the 18th century to the first half of the 19th
century was the most active period for worship-ascents of Fujisan by ordinary people, many of them
who had joined in popular religious groups known as Fuji-ko (Fuji pilgrimage associations) led by
guides known as “Oshi.” Fujisan’s volcanic activity created numerous natural wonders in themountain area and at its base—the wind caves, lava tree molds, lakes, springs, waterfalls, etc.—that
were venerated by the Fuji-ko adherents as sacred sites, and while the worship-ascent remained thecore focus, it was combined with pilgrimages to these sacred sites. Thus the beliefs, rituals, andreligious practices associated with the worship of Fujisan were established, through which pilgrims
sought to acquire spiritual powers that would heal illness or avert disaster and would allow them toexperience a rebirth, cleansed of all sin and impurity.
Thus, during the period from the 15th century to the first half of the 19th century, Fujisan became
1

Asama no Okami:

In order to pacify repeated eruptions, people started to worship Fujisan itself or the god residing in Fujisan as Asama no Okami in
the late eighth century. Particularly from the 18th century to the early 19th century when Fuji-ko became popular, manyadherents of Fuji-ko believed Konohana Sakuya Hime (goddess of flowering tree) as the incarnation of Asama no Okami or thegoddess of Fujisan.

firmly established as a testimony to a cultural tradition of mountain worship that sought to securespiritual powers from gods and buddhas and bring about an experience of symbolic death and rebirththrough worship-ascents to the summit of Fujisan and pilgrimages to the sacred sites on and at thebase of the mountain.
Photo 3-1 (left)

Pilgrims on worship-ascent to the summit where Buddhas reside

Photo 3-2 (bottom)

Pilgrims with torches in their hand at night.

Fuji Mandala Painted on Silk (part. Circa 16th century) (collection of Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine,
Shizuoka)© Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine(ii) The cultural tradition of worshipping Fujisan remains to the present
The worship of Fujisan was rooted in feelings of awe for the volcanic activity and the natural
terrain it produced. While that also was fused with elements conveyed from China and the Korean
Peninsula, such as the belief in immortals (Taoism) and Buddhism (especially esoteric Buddhism), it
developed into a uniquely Japanese tradition of mountain worship, represented by veneration of themountain from afar and worship-ascent, and the essence of this tradition has been faithfullytransmitted down to the present generation.
The manner in which Fujisan is climbed today—slowly making one’s way step-by-step up theascending route toward the summit with the support of a long wooden walking stick known as“Kongozue”—is rooted in the style of the traditional worship-ascent, and that tradition has been
actively conveyed to the many present-day climbers, including visitors from overseas, who come tothe mountain mainly during the summer climbing season. This gives their journey up the slopes ofFujisan a unique character completely different from modern-day sport and recreational climbing.
The vista at sunrise from the vicinity of the summit is called “Goraiko” (or “Goraigo”), a religious
term recalling the belief, frequently depicted in medieval art, that the Amida Buddha would appear
to welcome the souls of dying believers into the Buddhist Pure Land. It is a moment still prized bymodern climbers, who climb through the night to be able to experience this sacred essence of theascent of Fujisan.
In addition to the climb, worship at the Sengen-jinja shrines at the foot of the mountain and avariety of religious ceremonies and practices at sacred places on and around Fujisan—the windcaves, lava tree molds, lakes, springs, waterfalls, and so forth—still continue as living traditions.
Moreover, the awe and reverence with which Fujisan is regarded is based on Japan’s uniquereligious tradition of Shinto, which takes as its objects of worship the deities residing in naturalobjects and phenomena. As a result, a tradition was born that emphasized harmonious coexistencewith the natural phenomena created by the volcano: people pray to lava tree molds (tubes formed bytree trunks incinerated by volcanic activity) for safe childbirth because of the womb-like appearanceof the molds, while the Yoshida Fire Festival had its origins in prayers to quell the eruptions. Thesetypes of traditions have been strongly reflected in the reverence for Fujisan felt among present-day
Japanese, who still offer prayers of thanks to the mountain for bountiful harvests nourished by the
springs that flow at the base of the mountain. This eventually became the source of the deep
adoration of Fujisan’s majestic form and of inspiration for countless works of art in which themountain is depicted.

Thus, the essence of the cultural tradition of worshipping Fujisan has been faithfully transmitted
through the ages in the form of various religious ceremonies and practices associated with theworship of Fujisan and the activities of contemporary climbers, and it is also strongly reflected in theattitudes of contemporary Japanese people toward Fujisan.
Photo 3-3 (left)

Present-day scene of climbers with “Kongozue”, climbing sticks

Photo 3-4 (bottom)

Lights of night climbing© Imaki Hidekazu© Shizuoka Prefectural Tourism Association© Imaki Hidekazu

Photo 3-5

Yoshida Fire Festival

Photo 3-6

Religious ritual by Fuji-ko adherents, a living tradition© Imaki Hidekazu

Criterion (iv)

To be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technologica
ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history

Citation for Criterion (iv)
In the 18th and early 19th centuries, the popularity of travel for worship-ascent andpilgrimages to Fujisan reached its height, leading to the formation of an organizedsystem for the worship of Fujisan, comprising a network of climbing routes, which
linked the summit of the mountain with the shrines at its base, as well as various
sacred sites along those routes and around the base of the mountain. This network
was depicted in a vast number of guides and maps, encouraging ordinary people toundertake the pilgrimage and the worship-ascent, and securing the specific typologyof Fujisan’s landscape as a sacred and celebrated mountain.
The views of Fujisan inspired artists throughout the 18th and 19th centuries toattempt to capture its exquisite form in visual media, and the outstanding universal
significance of artistic works, e.g. Ukiyo-e, served to establish the landscape of
Fujisan as an exemplar of a celebrated mountain that symbolizes Japan andJapanese culture.
Through this combination that has existed since premodern times of religious
activities centered on the mountain and artistic activity based on the mountainlandscape, Fujisan came to be perceived by many people as an outstanding example
of a type of sacred and majestic mountain landscape typifying Japan, and as a result,
was confirmed in its position as one of the world’s celebrated mountains.

(i) An outstanding example of a sacred and celebrated mountain landscapeAround the 12th century, as volcanic activity began to show signs of abating, religious ascents ofthe slopes and to the summit of Fujisan began, spreading widely in the 15th to 16th centuries to thecommoners and gradually assuming the style and form of the worship-ascent.
In the 18th and early 19th centuries, the tradition of worship-ascents to the summit wasaugmented by pilgrimages to sacred sites near the base of the mountain, and people coming to climb
the mountain came to perceive the basic structure of the landscape in terms of the worship of Fujisan.
This landscape structure was essentially a reflection of the system of Fujisan worship that comprised
the network of ascending routes linking the shrines at the foot of the mountain with the summit of
the mountain, as well as various sacred sites along those routes and around the base of the mountain.
Through the pilgrimage process, human beings came to perceive their comparative insignificance in the
midst of this vast landscape: they purified themselves on the compounds of the shrines and in the springs
and lakes amid the moors and grasslands at the foot of the mountain, called “Kusayama” (literally, grass
mountain) or “Kayahara” (literally, thatch field); climbed to the forested region on the middle slopes of themountain, called “Kiyama” (literally, tree mountain), where they paid homage at a succession of small
shrines and other religious facilities set among the trees; and then finally emerged onto the bare, gravelly
volcanic landscape of the upper slopes and summit, the zone that was perceived as the world of the gods and[refer to Figure 3-3]
buddhas, or the “other world”, called “Yakeyama” (literally, burned mountain).
.
This conception of the landscape structure of Fujisan was clearly depicted in a large number of
pictorial pilgrimage and climbing guides created to popularize the worship of Fujisan among the common
people mainly from the 17th through the first half of the 19th century, including Fuji Mandala Painted on
Silk, thought to date from the 16th century.[refer to Figure 3-7]. Using pictorial guides of this sort, themountaineering ascetics and “Oshi” guides who served as instructors in the worship of Fujisan led anenormous number of ordinary people on worship-ascents and pilgrimages to the sacred mountain.
As the number of people making such ascents and pilgrimages increased during the late 18th andearly 19th centuries, the awareness of the landscape structure associated with the worship of Fujisan,
as described above, became common among almost all Japanese, and Fujisan became firmly
established in their minds as a sacred celebrated mountain.
In this way, the landscape associated with the worship of Fujisan is an outstanding example of a
type of landscape that established Fujisan’s position as a sacred and celebrated mountain.

Figure 3-3

Zones of Fujisan (adopted from a drawing provided by Fujiyoshida Museum of Local History)

Photo 3-7 Structure of the landscape of Fujisan worship system in Fuji Mandala Painted on Silk (collection of
Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine, Shizuoka)

(ii) An outstanding example of a celebrated mountain landscape that symbolizes
Japan and Japanese culture
From ancient times, Fujisan was considered to be sacred and was the object of veneration fromafar (“Yohai”). That evolved over time into the act of viewing Fujisan simply to appreciate its
gracefully formed volcanic cone, standing as a solitary and majestic peak amid the surrounding
landscape. This noble peak aroused people’s love and inspired them to creative activity. During thecourse of the 18th and 19th centuries, a number of sites were identified as especially splendid
viewpoints for contemplating the mountain, and countless works of art were produced to give
pictorial form to Fujisan’s sublimity. One of the best known is world-famous Ukiyo-e printmaker
Utagawa Hiroshige’s depiction of Fujisan and the Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove (one ofHiroshige’s famous series of prints on the theme of Fujisan). [refer to Photo 3-8]. A view of Fujisanrising majestically over the forest surrounding Lake Motosuko, one of the “Fujigoko” (Fuji Five
Lakes), has been used as an image on Japanese bank notes. [refer to Photo 3-9].
As a result, the landscape of Fujisan is commonly perceived by people throughout the world as
an image with outstanding universal significance, making it an outstanding example of a type oflandscape that has established Fujisan as a celebrated mountain that symbolizes Japan and Japaneseculture.
Photo 3-8 (right) “Suruga Mihonomatsubara” from “Thirty-Six Views of Fuji” by Utagawa Hiroshige (collectionof Tokaido Hiroshige Art Museum, Shizuoka)
Photo 3-9 (bottom)

Images of Fujisan used on Japanese bank notes

Criterion (vi)
To be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or withbeliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance (the Committ
considers that this criterion should preferably be used in conjunction with other criteria.)

Citation for Criterion (vi)
As Japan’s highest mountain, and because of the scenic grandeur of its solitary andmajestic volcanic cone, Fujisan has inspired a variety of artistic activity. Fujisan was depicted
in uniquely Japanese forms of poetry and prose from ancient times. And in particular, theimages of Fujisan in early 19th-century Ukiyo-e prints by Katsushika Hokusai (ca.1760-1849)
and Utagawa Hiroshige (ca.1797-1858) have appeared frequently as a motif in many modern
and contemporary works of Western art, demonstrating that these images of Fujisan have not
only had a significant impact on many Western works of art, but have established Fujisan as asymbol of Japan and Japanese culture throughout the world, thus confirming its outstanding
universal significance.
Fujisan is thus an exceptional mountain, directly and tangibly associated with artistic andliterary works of outstanding universal significance, and it possesses the significance of
having become a universal symbol of Japan and of Japanese culture.

The majestic visage of Fujisan, its solitary stratovolcanic peak rising up in the distance with lakes
or ocean in the foreground, has been a font of inspiration for countless works of art.
Among them, the works that have had the greatest impact outside Japan have been the Ukiyo-e
prints created in the first half of the 19th century, especially those of the masters Katsushika Hokusai(ca. 1760-1849) and Utagawa Hiroshige (1797-1858), who each crafted series of prints entitled“Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji.” With the opening of Japan in the mid-19th century, these works
were exported to the West, and their unique approach to composition and rendering touched off an2enthusiasm for Japanese art that came to be known as Japonisme. This, along with a number of
Fujisan-themed handicraft works, had a profound influence on Impressionist painters such as Monet
and Van Gogh and on fin de siècle artists such as Toulouse-Lautrec and Bonnard.
In addition, from the late 19th to the early 20th century, whether through the paintings andhandicrafts Japan sent to international expositions, through woodblock prints, postcards, export
items, or even through the impressions of Fujisan recorded in travel journals by foreign visitors toJapan, Fujisan served as the inspiration for numerous Western products and works of art.
In this way, Fujisan became a symbol of Japan and Japanese culture, and this symbolic
significance came to set it apart from other famous mountains in the eyes of the world.
As a result, Fujisan is an exceptional mountain, directly and tangibly associated with artistic andliterary works of outstanding universal significance, and it possesses the significance of having
become a universal symbol of Japan and of Japanese culture.
Photo 3-10

“Le Père Tanguy” Vincent VAN GOGH (collection of Musée Rodin, Paris, France)

Photo 3-11 “The Great Wave off Kanagawa” of “Thirty-Six Views of Mt Fuji” (1831 - 1836) by Katsushika
Hokusai (collection of Yamanashi Prefectural Museum, Yamanashi)
Photo 3-12 “A Mild Breeze on a Fine Day” of “Thirty-Six Views of Mt Fuji” (1831 - 1836) by Katsushika
Hokusai (collection of Yamanashi Prefectural Museum, Yamanashi)

3.1.c Statement of Integrity
The totality of the nominated property not only includes all component parts andconstituent elements necessary to express Outstanding Universal Value in terms of
Fujisan’s nature as an “
object of worship”, but also is of adequate size to completely’
represent the attributes and processes that convey the propertys significance. In
addition, the scope of the nominated property includes all component parts andconstituent elements necessary to express its nature as a “
source of artistic
inspiration”, including (1) the representative viewpoints for viewing Fujisan; and (2)the scenic landscapes of the Fujisan Mountain Area (Component Part 1) that can beseen from these viewpoints. Accordingly, the property retains a high level of integrity.

2

Japonisme:

This refers to the fascination with Japan witnessed in the West, particularly in France, around the mid-19th ce
artwork (Ukiyo-e, crafts, etc.) was on exhibit at the Paris Exposition Universelle. It drew a great deal of attention and sub
influenced the sense of color and human and landscape composition of Impressionist and art nouveau artists.

The totality of the nominated property preserves a high level of integrity based on the following
conditions set forth in paragraph 88 of the Operational Guidelines.

1) Paragraph 88a: includes all elements necessary to express its Outstanding
Universal Value
Paragraph 88b: is of adequate size to ensure the complete representation of’
the features and processes which convey the propertys significance(i) Integrity in terms of the property’s aspect as an “object of worship”
The scope of the nominated property includes all component parts and constituent elements
necessary to express Fujisan’s aspect as an “object of worship”: a) the Fujisan Mountain Area
(Component Part 1) from Umagaeshi up, the mountaintop worship sites, the ascending routes
extending from the base to the summit of the mountain; b) the main buildings and compounds of thevarious Sengen-jinja shrines and the “Oshi” Lodging Houses situated at the foot of the mountain;
and c) the wind cave, lava tree molds, lakes, springs, waterfalls, and other physical features that havebecome sacred sites and destinations for pilgrimages.
The Fujisan Mountain Area (Component Part 1) includes within its scope (1) the zone regarded
as most sacred of all, rising from the eighth station up to the summit of the mountain, which belongs
to the Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine; (2) the zone above the forest limit on the mountain,
which was known to Fuji-ko adherents as “Yakeyama” (burnt mountain) and regarded as a sacredarea belonging to the “other world” (the world after death); and (3) the entire zone roughly above
1,500 meters in elevation on the mountain, which was traditionally another dividing line between the
secular world and the sacred region of the mountain as it marked Umagaeshi, the point at which
horses were turned back and not permitted further ascent on horseback. In this way, the sacredcharacter of the Fujisan Mountain Area as an “object of worship” has been completely maintained.
The landscape structure related to worship-ascents and pilgrimages to Fujisan that became
established among the masses from the 16th through 19th centuries was schematized along thecentral axis of the various ascending routes by which lines of pilgrims and Fuji-ko adherents slowly
made their way up the mountain to the abode of gods and buddhas at the summit, supplemented by
the various Sengen-jinja shrines, the “Fujigoko” (Fuji Five Lakes), and other sites of religious
pilgrimage and practice dotted about the base of the mountain. The scope of the nominated property
completely encompasses and expresses all of these elements of the landscape structure of Fujisan
related to the process of worship-ascent.
The specific features of the collection of mountaintop worship sites (Constituent Element 1-1) atthe summit of the mountain, which are laid out in a series along the crater walls, are included within
the boundaries of the nominated property.
Regarding the ascending routes, the entirety of the Yoshida Ascending Route (Constituent
Element 1-5), which links the eastern face of the summit with the compound of the Kitaguchi Hongu
Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine (Constituent Element 1-6) at the northern base of the mountain, lies within
the boundaries of the nominated property. Other ascending routes (Constituent Elements 1-2 to 1-4),
including those areas that show vestiges of a vigorous period of worship-ascents during the 18th and19th centuries, are also included in their entirety within the nominated property. Moreover, thepresent-day Gotemba Ascending Route, newly established in the 20th century, is also included
within the nominated property as a portion of the Suyama Ascending Route (Constituent Element
1-4). All specific features located along these ascending routes—from the mountain huts thatprovided rest and lodging for pilgrims and Fuji-ko adherents, to the small shrines and sites
established to support the religious ceremonies and worship practiced as part of theworship-ascent—are included within the boundaries of the nominated property.
In addition to the compounds and buildings of the Sengen-jinja shrine complexes (Constituent
Element 1-6, Component Parts 2, 4, 5, 6) that serve as the starting points of origin for theseascending routes, those of other significant shrines such as the Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrine(Component Part 3), the Kawaguchi Asama-jinja Shrine (Component Part 7), and the Fuji Omuro
Sengen-jinja Shrine (Component Part 8) that are indispensable to any discussion of the religious
worship of Fujisan are included within the scope of the nominated property. And among the Lodging
Houses of the “Oshi”, the guides who welcomed and cared for Fuji-ko adherents, on theirworship-ascents of the mountain, two examples (Component Part 9, 10) representative of different
eras of construction, and different lot types, layouts of buildings, and so on, are included ascomponent parts within the nominated property as well.
The scope of the nominated property also includes all component parts and constituent elementsthat are expressive of the sacred sites and pilgrimage destinations around the base of themountain—the wind cave, lava tree molds, lakes, springs, waterfalls, and other physicalfeatures—that served as specific sites where the Fuji-ko adherents carried out pilgrimages or ascetic
practices. In particular, two examples of the lava tree molds (Component Parts 21 and 22) are
included within the nominated property. They are found along one of the ascending routes and it isthus thought that Fuji-ko adherents, viewing them as a series of sacred wombs (“Otainai”), madethese molds a destination of their pilgrimages. Hitoana Fujiko Iseki (Component Part 23), including
not only the wind cave itself but also the area of the stone monuments constructed by Fuji-ko
adherents,

is also included in the property. It also encompasses the entire water surface areas of

the “Fujigoko” (Fuji Five Lakes) -- Lake Saiko (Constituent Element 1-7), Lake Shojiko(Constituent Element 1-8), Lake Motosuko (Constituent Element 1-9), Lake Yamanakako(Component Part 11), and Lake Kawaguchiko (Component Part 12) -- and the river area that
includes waterfalls themselves and their basin of Shiraito no Taki waterfalls (Component Part 24),
which were central sites for water purification rituals conducted by Fuji-ko adherents, as well as
those of the eight spring-fed ponds known as the Oshino Hakkai (Component Parts 13 to 20).
For the reasons cited above, in terms of Fujisan’s aspect as an “object of worship”, not only does
the nominated property include all component parts and constituent elements necessary to express its
Outstanding Universal Value, but it is also of adequate size to ensure the complete representation of
the various attributes and processes that convey the property’s significance, and it possesses a highdegree of integrity.
Photo 3-13

Fujisan climbers' guide map (1918) (collection of Oyama Town Library, Shizuoka)(ii) Integrity in terms of the property’s aspect as a “source of artistic inspiration”
The scope of the nominated property includes all component parts and constituent elements

necessary to express its aspect as a “source of artistic inspiration”, including (1) representative
viewpoints that provide views of the Fujisan Mountain Area; and (2) the scenic landscapes of theFujisan Mountain Area as seen from these viewpoints.
The viewpoints encompassed within the scope of the nominated property include the Nakanokura
Pass on the northwestern shore of Lake Motosuko (Constituent Element 1-9), a site from which one
of Japan’s most famous photographers took the shot that has been featured in engraved
reproductions on a succession of Japanese bank notes, as well as the Mihonomatsubara pine tree
grove (Component Part 25) on the western shore of Suruga Bay, a place that has served as the setting
for many classical poems (waka) and Noh songs, and has provided the picturesque view and classic
composition featured in countless paintings of Fujisan.
Among these, the entire pine tree grove of Mihonomatsubara lies within the nominated property,
including its sandy beach and the famous “Feather Robe” pine tree (“Hagoromo no Matsu”), which
are important attributes of Mihonomatsubara in its role as a viewpoint and as a setting for the arts,
thus ensuring that the property is extensive enough to incorporate all elements necessary to express
its Outstanding Universal Value.
Similarly, the entire area of the Nakanokura Pass that is used for photography is also included,
thereby ensuring that the scope of the nominated property is adequate to express its Outstanding
Universal Value.
The areas of the Fujisan Mountain Area (Component Part 1) visible from these two
representative viewpoints, which provide views of the mountain extending from its summit down theslopes on both sides for a considerable distance, preserve a more-than-adequate sense of the vistas ofFujisan that have inspired countless works of art and literature.
In particular, the view of Fujisan from the Nakanokura Pass, situated at an intermediate distanceon the northwestern shore of Lake Motosuko, takes in the lake itself, as well as the Fujisan Primeval
Forest, the Aokigaharajukai woodland, and other forest regions on the slopes of Fujisan, ensuringthat all of the important topographical and woodland attributes of the Fujisan Mountain Area
(Component Part 1) essential to its visual integrity have been included.
For the reasons cited above, the nominated property includes all elements necessary to express
Fujisan’s aspect as a “source of artistic inspiration”, preserving a high level of integrity.

2) Paragraph 88c: suffers from adverse effects of development and/or neglect
As described below in “5.b. Protective Designation,” the appropriate long-term legal measures toprotect and maintain the nominated property have been established, with at least one of the following
pertaining to each component part and constituent element within the scope of the nominatedproperty: designation under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties as Important Cultural
Properties, a Special Place of Scenic Beauty, a Special Natural Monument, a Historic Site, Places of
Scenic Beauty, or Natural Monuments; as Special Protection Zones or Special Zones under the
Natural Parks Law; or as National Forests administered and managed by the national government
under the Law on the Administration and Management of National Forests.
The component parts, constituent elements, and specific features included in them, designatedunder the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties as Important Cultural Properties, a Special
Place of Scenic Beauty, a Special Natural Monument, a Historic Site, Places of Scenic Beauty, orNatural Monuments, are all covered by their respective preservation and utilization plans orpreservation and management plans. In terms of the other component parts and constituent elementsof the nominated property, and the specific features included therein, National Park lands arecovered by the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park Plan and the Fujisan District Park Management Plan
based on the Natural Parks Law, while National Forest lands are covered by the Eastern Yamanashi
Forest Planning Area Regional Administration and Management Plan and the Fuji Forest Planning
Area Regional Administration and Management Plan and the Eastern Yamanashi Forest Planning
Area Regional Administration and Management Plan, which are based on the Law on the
Administration and Management of National Forests. As a result, the nominated property has
suffered no adverse effects from managerial neglect.
The buffer zone surrounding the nominated property is protected by a variety of legal measures,from the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, Natural Parks Law, and Law on the
Administration and Management of National Forests to the various landscape plans and landscapeordinances enacted by the local governments in accordance with the Landscape Act, as well as
landscape ordinances and guidelines for land use projects instituted independently by the local
governments. These measures have eliminated adverse effects from external sources within thescope of the nominated property.
In addition, administrative bodies and government agencies with jurisdiction in the matter have
led the way, after consultation with other relevant government bodies, local landowners, etc., inestablishing the “Fujisan Comprehensive Preservation and Management Plan” for the nominatedproperty that clearly states policies for the amelioration of existing issues, and they are carrying out
integrated preservation management and maintenance of the nominated property and its buffer zone.
This comprehensive plan also calls upon national and relevant local government organizations totake the initiative in harmonizing areas in the environs of the nominated property not included in thebuffer zone by treating them as management zone.
As the foregoing discussion indicates, there have been no adverse effects from development or
neglect on the Outstanding Universal Value of the property as cited in paragraph 88 c of the
Operational Guidelines, and the Integrity of the nominated property and its surrounding environment
has assuredly been preserved.
Photo 3-14
Hidekazu

View of the Fujisan Mountain Area from the viewpoint on the shore of Lake Motosuko© ImakiPhoto 3-15 View of the Fujisan Mountain Area from the viewpoint on the Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove© Shizuoka Prefectural Tourism Association

3.1.d Statement of Authenticity
Based on the attributes selected according to the nature of the individualcomponent parts and constituent elements of the nominated property, and the specificfeatures included therein, each one demonstrates a high level of authenticity.
The Fujisan Mountain Area (Component Part 1) possesses a high degree ofauthenticity based on its attributes of “
spirit” and “function.” In addition, thecompounds and buildings of the Shinto shrines and the“Oshi”Lodging Houses are all
highly authentic based on their attributes of “
form and design,”“materials andsubstance,” “traditions and techniques,” “location and setting,” and “
use andfunction.”And moreover, the lava tree molds, the lakes, the springs, the waterfalls,
and other natural sites that feature remains connected to the worship of Fujisan also
maintain a high level of authenticity based on their attributes of “form,”“
location andsetting,”“feeling,”and “
use and function.”
Paragraph 82 of the Operational Guidelines lists eight attributes to be used in assessing theauthenticity of nominated property. The following is an analysis of the authenticity of the various
component parts and constituent elements of the nominated property and specific features included
therein in terms of the attributes appropriate to them, clearly demonstrating that each of them
maintains a high level of authenticity.

(i) The Fujisan Mountain Area from Umagaeshi up, the mountaintop worship sites,
and the ascending routes extending from the base to the summit of the mountain
Throughout recorded history, the “spirit” and “function” of the Fujisan Mountain Area
(Component Part 1), which includes the Mountaintop worship sites (Constituent Element 1-1) andthe ascending routes (Constituent Elements 1-2 to 1-5) as an “object of worship”, has remained
unchanged, transcending the ages. Landowners and relevant national and local governmentorganizations continue to carry out the appropriate preservation and management under theapplicable laws, maintaining the nominated property in good condition with no loss of its value as acultural asset.
Thus the Fujisan Mountain Area, which includes the mountaintop worship sites and theascending routes, maintains a high level of authenticity in terms of its attributes of “spirit” and“function.”(ii) Buildings and Compounds of the Sengen-jinja shrines and the “Oshi” Lodging
HousesThe buildings of the Sengen-jinja shrines and “Oshi” Lodging Houses (Constituent Element 1-6
and Component Parts 2 to 10) maintain the same construction—the same floor plans and external
appearance—from when they were originally built in the 18th to early 19th centuries, during thetime when the beliefs and activities of Fujisan worship was becoming fully systematized. Modern
architectural preservation and restoration efforts have carefully identified portions that were added
after the original construction in the course of repair or renovations and have removed later
construction materials, while aiming at the restoration of the structures to their original “form anddesign.”The “traditions and techniques” involved in the restoration of the fragile “materials andsubstance” of such wooden structures have also been faithfully inherited. Moreover, the shrinebuildings and their compounds and lodging houses have maintained in good condition the “locationand setting” of their origins, enveloped since the time of their construction by the surrounding groves

of trees. And the “use and function” of these component parts and constituents elements asworship-related spaces has been well preserved over a considerable period of time.
As indicated by the above description, the shrine buildings and their compounds and “Oshi”
Lodging Houses have maintained a high degree of authenticity based on the attributes of “form anddesign,” “materials and substance,” “traditions and techniques,” “location and setting,” “spirit andfeeling,” and “function.”
Photo 3-16 Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine of circa 1925 (post card) (collection ofMuseum of Local History, Yamanashi)
Photo 3-17

Present Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja

Fujiyoshida© Imaki Hidekazu(iii) The wind cave, lava tree molds, lakes, springs, and waterfalls that became sacredsites and destinations for pilgrimages
In the caves of the Funatsu lava tree molds (Component Part 21) and Yoshida lava tree molds(Component Part 22), people built small shrines to pray, and thus these lava tree molds continueeven today to maintain a sacred “spirit” and the “function” of a religious site. With the exception of
the entrance area of the Funatsu cave, which has been modified somewhat to ensure the safety ofvisitors, the lava tree molds have been faithfully preserved in terms of “form” and “location andsetting.”
The Hitoana Fuji-ko Iseki (Component Part 23) has also indisputably maintained its “form” and“location and setting,” as indicated by the historical evidence provided by the inscriptions on thememorial stelae at the site, most of which bear the names of the donors, their Fuji-ko affiliation, thedate the stelae were erected, and the dates of death of the people memorialized.
Similarly, historical documents as well as stone monuments left at five lakes included in the“Fujigoko”(Fuji Five Lakes) (Constituent Elements 1-7 to 1-9 and Component Parts 11 and 12) andOshino Hakkai springs (Component Parts 13 to 20) clearly show that historically these were sites ofpilgrimages (e.g., the “Uchihakkaimeguri,” or circuit of the inner eight seas, and the “Fujisan
Nemoto Hakko”, or a circuit of eight lakes) establish beyond any doubt the “form” and “location andsetting” of these historic monuments as traditional pilgrimage sites.
It is clear from written accounts and illustrations by Fuji-ko adherents that Shiraito no Takiwaterfalls (Component Part 24) and the pool beneath it were historically used as a place of ascetic
practice, and that this site’s “form” and “location and setting” are highly reliable in terms of historic
evidence.
Moreover, the “location and setting” and “feeling” of these lakes, springs, and waterfalls that
nurtured the piety of the Japanese people have been preserved unaltered down to the present.
As indicated by the above description, the lava tree molds, lakes, springs, waterfalls, and othersites associated with the worship of Fujisan have maintained a high degree of authenticity, based on
the attributes of “form,” “location and setting,” “feeling,” and “use and function.”
Photo 3-18 Scene of ablution in Shiraito no Taki waterfalls (circa 1854) from “Eigyo Shinsan Jiden”[Autography of Eigyo Shinsan, Fuji-ko Leader] (collection of Tateyama Municipal Museum, Chiba)© Tateyama
Municipal Museum
Photo 3-19

Present Shiraito no Taki waterfalls© Imaki Hidekazu

3.1.e Protection and management requirements
The nominated property has been officially designated as Important Cultural
Properties, a Special Place of Scenic Beauty, a Special Natural Monument, a HistoricSite, Places of Scenic Beauty, and Natural Monuments, in addition to being
designated as a National Park, and is also well preserved as a National Forest. The
scenic landscape as seen from two scenic viewpoints has been preserved in excellent
condition as well.
Also, in terms of the buffer zone of the property, in addition to the protective
measures described above, appropriate protection is provided in accordance with theLandscape Act and other relevant laws and regulations.

In particular, no buffer zone

is set up on the northwestern side of Lake Motosuko (Constituent Element 1-9) andthe eastern side of the Fujisan Mountain Area (Component Part 1), since no impact on
the view from within the property area is foreseen in light of the control measures
under the Yamanashi Prefecture Landscape Ordinance, topographical constraints
defying development, existing land uses in the neighboring areas, etc.
Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, as well as the relevant municipal
governments included in the respective prefectures are working in cooperation withthe relevant national agencies—not only with the Agency for Cultural Affairs, which isthe competent authority charged with preserving and managing Japan’s cultural
heritage properties, but also with the Ministry of the Environment, the Forestry
Agency, and others—and have established the Fujisan World Cultural Heritage
Council to create a comprehensive management system for the property. ThisCouncil is receiving input from an academic committee of experts for the surveying,preservation and management of Fujisan.
The “
Fujisan Comprehensive Preservation and Management Plan”, which wasestablished in January 2012, covers the whole property and lays out not only methods
for the preservation, management, maintenance, and utilization of the nominatedproperty overall and for each individual component part based on its uniquecharacteristics, but also the respective roles that the national and local public bodies
and other relevant organizations should play.

(i) Protective designation of the property
The Important Cultural Properties, a Special Place of Scenic Beauty, a Special Natural
Monument, a Historic Site, Places of Scenic Beauty, and Natural Monuments that are included in theproperty have been properly protected under the Ancient Shrines and Temples Preservation Law(enacted in 1897), the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty andNatural Monuments (enacted in 1919), and the National Treasures Preservation Law (enacted in
1929).
In 1950, these laws were integrated and strengthened into the Law for the Protection of Cultural

Properties.

Since then, under the provisions of this law, thorough and complete protection

measures have been taken for individual component parts of the nominated property and theirconstituent elements.
In addition, within the Fujisan Mountain Area (Component Part 1), the excellent naturallandscape has been protected under the National Parks Law (enacted in 1931) and the Natural Parks
Law (enacted in 1957), which replaced it.
The forest on the southern side of the Fujisan Mountain Area was managed as the land under
direct jurisdiction of the Shogunate since the 17th century and was taken over as the national
property by the Meiji Government. After that, it became the imperial forest and then designated as
the national forest in 1947.

The national forest has been conserved under the Law on the

Administration and Management of National Forests (enacted in 1951).

(ii) Protection of the buffer zone
The boundaries of the buffer zone were defined as the area in which negative physical or visual
impacts can be anticipated on the Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan deriving from the dual
aspects of “places of worship-ascent and pilgrimage” as an “object of worship” and of “viewpoints
and views” as a “source of artistic inspiration” in consideration of the following five points:(1) To maintain the unity, with Fujisan at the center, of a group of component parts andconstituent elements such as the compounds and buildings of Sengen-jinja shrines at themountain foot, “Oshi” lodging houses, and spiritual spots and pilgrimage destinations suchas lakes;(2) To cover a wide area of the southern mountain foot area for the conservation of the view of
Fujisan from the Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove;(3) To maintain the landforms, vegetations, and water veins that are appropriate for “places ofworship-ascent and pilgrimage” and “viewpoints and views” in the immediate vicinities of
the individual component parts and constituent elements and also to ensure the good views
from within the individual component parts to outside:(4) To cover the compounds of Shinto shrines other than component parts and the areas of the
distribution of the “sites known to contain Buried Cultural Properties”

3

under the Law for

the Protection of Cultural Properties that are related to Fujisan worship; and(5) To adopt the boundaries that can be easily recognized as such: for example, boundaries ofland uses such as urban areas and roads, administrative boundaries, boundaries based on
individual laws and regulations, the locations of landforms and objects such as roads.
In the case that measures are to be taken within the buffer zone to address specific problems or toprovide proper conservation, the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, the Natural Parks
Law, the Law on the Administration and Management of National Forests, the Landscape Act (andlandscape ordinances and landscape plans under the said law), the City Planning Act (and the Zones
3

Sites known to contain Buried Cultural Properties:

Article 92 of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties stipulates the “Buried Cultural Properties” and Article 93 osame law stipulates the sites known to contain Buried Cultural Properties.
The existence of such site is officially recognized through the public announcement by each municipal governm
Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture.

and Districts set out by local governments based on the said law), the Seacoast Law, and theordinances of Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and relevant municipal governments areapplied and enforced appropriately.

(iii) Comprehensive Preservation and Management Plan
In January 2012, the Agency for Cultural Affairs, the Ministry of the Environment, the Forestry
Agency, Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and relevant municipal governments
established the “Fujisan Comprehensive Preservation and Management Plan”, which covers theentire area of the property, the buffer zone, and the management zone in coordination with local
landowners, managers, etc.
In the preparation of the comprehensive preservation and management plan, full consideration
was given to consistency and synergy among the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, theNatural Parks Law, and the Law on the Administration and Management of National Forests,
individual plans that were prepared in close relation with these laws, the laws, regulations, and otherlegal and administrative instruments that provide the basis for the conservation of the surroundingarea of the property.

(iv) System for preservation and management
Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture have set up the “Fujisan World Cultural Heritage
Council” (hereinafter referred to as the “Council”), which monitors the existing state of the property
and the surrounding environment, ensures the proper enforcement of relevant laws and regulations,and provides the venue for consultation among relevant organizations concerning the preservationand management of the property and the conservation of the surrounding environment.
In addition, the national agencies in charge of relevant laws and regulations (Agency for Cultural
Affairs, Ministry of the Environment, Forestry Agency, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport
and Tourism, and Ministry of Defense) provide the Council with advice concerning the preservationand management of the property and the conservation of the surrounding environment as observersof the Council. Also, the Agency for Cultural Affairs, which plays the central role in thepreservation and management of cultural heritage properties as the national agency, facilitatescommunication, coordination, and consultation, as appropriate and needed, about important mattersfor the preservation and management of the property, the conservation of the surrounding
environment, and the preparation of periodic reports on the state of conservation that must be
submitted to the World Heritage Committee, in coordination with Yamanashi Prefecture and
Shizuoka Prefecture, which play the central role in the Council and other national agencies.
Furthermore, in order for the Council to obtain academic advice from experts, the “Fujisan World
Cultural Heritage Academic Committee” (hereinafter referred to as the “Academic Committee”) has
been set up.
The Council will have mutual cooperation with organizations and individuals engaging in thepreservation and management of the property and the conservation of the surrounding environment.
Photo 3-20 Fujisan viewed from southwest© Shizuoka Prefectural Tourism Association

3.2. Comparative Analysis
The following section presents the results of a comparative analysis of Fujisan with othermountains in Japan and around the world that share similar characteristics. The results of thecomparative analysis have also been compiled in a table presented in Appendix 4 based on the items
for comparison listed in 3.2.1) below.

1) Selection of Comparison Items
As indicated in section 3.1, Fujisan’s Outstanding Universal Value is comprised of two aspects:
its nature as an “object of worship” and as a “source of artistic inspiration”. Accordingly, in order tocompare Fujisan with other mountains in Japan and around the world, it is required tobaseselection of items for comparison on these two aspects of the mountains.
On September 5–10, 2001, the Government of Japan and the UNESCO World Heritage Centre
convened the UNESCO Thematic Expert Meeting on Asia-Pacific Sacred Mountains in Wakayama
Prefecture (hereinafter referred to as “Sacred Mountain Expert Meeting in Wakayama”). The“Conclusions and Recommendations” [refer to Appendix 4] of the meeting pointed out that “theAsia-Pacific Region is the most mountainous and densely popluated region of the world,” and that inaddition to having “the highest mountain in the world,” it is the region with “the largest number ofsacred mountains” in proportion with its dense population. It also noted that the cultural heritage
value of these sacred mountains in the Asia-Pacific region could be manifested either in tangible
forms (including natural characteristics) or intangible forms.
Based on this perspective, the items below were used to conduct a comparative analysis of
Fujisan with other similar mountains, examining both the tangible values—including the naturalcharacteristics of the mountains—and the related intangible values, within the context of themountains’ aspects as an “object of worship” and/or a “source of artistic inspiration”.

(i) Aspect as an “object of worship”
Items for comparison with respect to natural characteristics and tangible value
Shape/elevation
Whether it is a solitary peak
Whether it includes rock formations (including caves), or areas of water
Whether it is a volcano
Whether it contains wind caves, springs, lakes, or other features deriving from its nature as a
volcanoWhether there exist caves, historical pilgrimage routes/roads for visiting temples or shrines,or shrines/temples

Items for comparison with respect to intangible value
Continuity—are worship-related ceremonies, etc., still conducted?

Presence—is the mountain itself an “object of worship”?
Practice—are worship-ascents of the mountain or pilgrimages to springs and other sites

carried out?
Identity—does the mountain represent the nation or groupe of people?
Fame—how well is the mountain known or visited?

(ii) Aspect as a “source of artistic inspiration”
Has the scenic beauty of the mountain served as a “source of inspiration” for works of art?
Are artistic depictions of the mountain known in other countries, and have they had asignificant impact on the artistic history of the world?

2) Identification of Mountains to Be Compared
Sites to be the focus of the comparative analysis were selected based on aspects of their nature as
an “object of worship” and a “source of artistic inspiration”, as described below.

(i) Aspects as an “object of worship”
Mountains known in the Asia-Pacific region for having a close connection to a form of
worship that is unique to its respective region
Mountains that were introduced as case studies of sacred mountains in the Asia-Pacificregion at the Sacred Mountain Expert Meeting in Wakayama(ii) Aspects as a “source of artistic inspiration”
Mountains around the world with aclear connection to artistic works

Mountains that have been introduced in scholarly writings

4

by foreign experts as having aclear connection to artistic works(iii) Aspects both as an “object of worship” and as a “source of artistic inspiration”
Mountains that were the focus of the typological analysis or thematic analysis outlined in an
5

ICOMOS report- Mountains in the Asia-Pacific region that have a close connection to a form of worshipthat is unique to its respective region- Mountains around the world that have a deep connection to artistic works and have
served as the setting for dramatic works- Mountains around the world that are revered as an “object of worship”
Mountains that were the focus of an analysis included in a research report published by the6

UNESCO World Heritage Centre on cultural landscapes- Mountains around the world that are of exceptional aesthetic quality- Mountains around the world that are significant in terms of group identity

4

Léon Pressouyre, The World Heritage Convention, Twenty Years Later (Paris: UNESCO Publishing, 1996);
Edwin Bernbaum, Sacred Mountains of the World (San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1990);
Jukka Jokilehto et al., The World Heritage List: What is OUV? Defining the Outstanding Universal Value of Cultural World
Heritage Properties (Berlin: Hendrik Bäßler Verlag, 2008).
5
Filling the Gaps—An Action Plan for the Future (Paris: ICOMOS, 2005).
6
P. J. Fowler, World Heritage Cultural Landscapes 1992–2002 (Paris: World Heritage Centre, 2003).

3) Identification of Mountains Outside Japan to Be Compared
Compared to people in the Medieval West, when Christianity was dominant, those in the
Asia-Pacific region perceived mountains quite differently. In the West at that time, mountains wereconsidered to be the dwelling place of dragons and demons that would harm humans, and thus it wasthought that mountains existed in a mutually antagonistic relationship with mankind. Accordingly, if
the demons could be driven away, then the mountain would be no more than a material object, andso it was thought that mountains were something that could be conquered. Eventually, this type ofthinking gave rise to the modern concept of alpinism—i.e., the idea that a mountain could beconquered by climbing it.
In the Asia-Pacific region, on the other hand, mountains were viewed as the dwelling place ofdeities and spirits, and the mountain itself was viewed as a god or a spirit. Particularly in East Asia,
including Japan, it has been historically common to find acts such as the conferring of court titles onmountains or the offering of sacrifices to mountains; not only was the mountain an “object ofworship”, but it was also seen as an entity that could share emotions with humans.
In this respect, a major difference is evident between the West after the Medieval times and Asia
Pacific in terms of whether or not a mountain can be treated as an “object of worship”. Accordingly,
when selecting mountains outside of Japan to be used in a comparative analysis of Fujisan from theperspective of being an “object of worship”, it is the most appropriate to focus primarily on
mountains in the Asia-Pacific region, although Western mountains should remain within the field ofvision.
Mountains that have been the subject of artistic works or that have served as an inspiration for
artistic creativity exist not only in the Asia-Pacific region but throughout the world. Accordingly, in
selecting mountains outside of Japan to be used in a comparative analysis of Fujisan from theperspective of being a “source of artistic inspiration”, the scope should be broadened to include otherareas around the world and not just Asia Pacific.
Accordingly, a total of 36 mountains from outside of Japan were selected for this comparative
analysis, as indicated in Table 3-1. These include 23 cases of mountains located in the Asia-Pacificregion and 13 cases of mountains found in other regions of the world.

Asia Pacific

Table 3-1-1

Mountains outside Japan selected for comparative analysis (36 in total) (1/2)

No.

Mountain

Properties

1

Uluru, Kata Tjuta

Uluru-Kata
Park

2

Mount Taishan

Mount Taishan

3

Mount Huangshan

Mount Huangshan(ii) (vii) (x)

China

4

Wudang Mountains

Ancient Building Complex in
the Wudang Mountains(i) (ii) (vi)

China

5

Mount Lushan

Lushan National Park(ii) (iii) (iv)
(vi)

China

6

Mount Emei

Mount Emei Scenic Area,
includingLeshanGiant
Buddha Scenic Area

(iv) (vi) (x)

China

7

Mount Wuyi

Mount Wuyi(iii) (vi)(vii) (x)

China

8

Mount Qingcheng(ii) (iv) (vi)

China

9

Mount Sanqingshan

(vii)

China

10

Mount Wutai

Mount Wutai(ii) (iii) (iv)
(vi)

China

11

Mount Songshan

Historic Monuments ofDengfeng in “The Centre of
Heaven and Earth”(iii) (vi)

China

12

Mt. Huashan (Shaanxi
Province), Mt. Hengshan(Hunan Province), Mt.
Hengshan (Shanxi
Province)

The Four Sacred Mountains
as an Extension of Mt.
TaishanChina

13

Yandang MountainYandang Mountain

China

14

Mount Kailas

15

Sabalan

Sabalan

16

Mount Namsan

Gyeongju Historic Areas

17

Mount Halla

18

Sulaiman-Too Mountain

Tjuta

Criteria
National

Mount Qingcheng and theDujiangyan Irrigation System
Mount Sanqingshan National
Park(v) (vi) (vii)(viii)(i) (ii) (iii)(iv)(v) (vi) (vii)Country
Australia

China

China

Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava
Tubes
Sulaiman-Too Sacred
Mountain
Vat Phou and AssociatedAncient Settlements within
the Champasak CulturalLandscapeMongolia Sacred Mountains:
Bogd Khan, Burkhan
Khaldun, Otgon Tenger

Iran(ii) (iii)

Korea,
Republic of(vii) (viii)

Korea,
Republic of(iii) (vi)Kyrgyzstan(iii) (iv) (vi)Lao
People's
Democratic
Republic

19

Phou Kao Mountain20

Bogd Khan, Burkhan
Khaldun, Otgon Tenger

21

Himalayan Range

Sagarmatha National Park

(vii)

Nepal

22

Ruapehu,Tongariro

Tongariro National Park(vi) (vii)(viii)New
Zealand23

Adam's PeakCentral Highlands of Sri
Lanka(ix) (x)Sri Lanka

Ngauruhoe,

Mongolia

Worship

Artistic
inspiration

Table 3-1-2

Mountains outside Japan selected for comparative analysis (36 in total) (2/2)
Mountain

Other

No.

Properties

Criteria

Country(vii) (viii)(ix) (x)Canada,USA(i) (iii) (iv)
(vi)

Egypt

24

Rocky Mountains

Canadian Rocky Mountain
Parks, Dinosaur Provincial
Park, Waterton GlacierInternational Peace Park,
Yellowstone National Park

25

Mount SinaïSaint Catherine Area

26

Mount Sainte-Victoire

Montagne Sainte-Victoire etsites cézaniens

27

Mount Perdu

Pyrénées - Mont Perdu

28

Mount Athos

Mount Athos

29

Mount Olympus

The broader region of Mount
Olympus30

The Dolomites

The Dolomites(vii) (viii)

Italy

31

Mount Kenya

Mount Kenya National
Park/Natural Forest(vii) (ix)

Kenya

32

Mount Huascarán

Huascarán National Park(vii) (viii)

Peru

33

Swiss Alps (Jungfrau,
Aletschhorn,
Bietschhorn, etc.)

Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch(vii) (viii)(ix)

Switzerland

34

Mount Kilimanjaro

Kilimanjaro National Park

(vii)

Tanzania

35

Appalachian Mountains(vii) (viii)(ix) (x)USA

36

Kilauea

Great Smoky Mountains
National Park
Hawaii Volcanoes NationalPark(viii)

USA

Fujisan(iii) (iv) (vi)Japan

FujisanWorship

Artistic
inspiration

France(iii) (iv) (v)(vii)(viii)(i) (ii) (iv)(v)(vi) (vii)

France,Spain
GreeceGreeceWorship: From the natural/tangible perspective, mountains that feature physical evidence of worship-related activity
such as sites of worship, pilgrimage sites, or the remains of such sites, and where religious rites, activities, orother core elements of worship have been transmitted to current generations.
: In addition to the above, mountains where the act of c limbing the mountain itself is viewed as having religious
significance, and where areas that display natural features related to the mountain, such as lakes and springs,
are considered sites of religious activity as well.
Artistic inspiration: Mountains that have been used as the theme of paintings, literary works, etc., and have been the inspiration for
numerous works.
: In addition to the above, mountains that have given rise to artistic or literary schools, and have had an impact
overseas. In particular, mountains similar to Fujisan in having an impact abroad that is recognized in art
history.

4) Comparison of Fujisan with Mountains Outside Japan
Table 3-1 (p. 166 and 167) lists the 36 mountains outside of Japan that were selected as the
subject of comparison in order to clarify the special characteristics of Fujisan. Based on the two
aspects that comprise Fujisan’s Outstanding Universal Value—i.e., “object of worship” and “sourceof artistic inspiration”—the table uses either a or amark to show the degree to which each

property conforms to the comparison items shared with Fujisan, as indicated in section 3.2.1) above.
In terms of being an “object of worship”, from the perspective of the property’s naturalcharacteristics and tangible value, if physical evidence of worship-related activity such as sites ofworship, pilgrimage sites, or the remains of such sites exists, and from the perspective of theproperty’s intangible value, if religious rites, activities, or other core elements of worship have beentransmitted to current generations, then the property was given aamark. Among these mountains,

mark was given where the act of climbing the mountain itself is viewed as having religious

significance (as represented by worship-ascents), and where lakes, springs, and other areas that
display natural features related to the mountain are considered sites of religious activity as well.
In terms of being a “source of artistic inspiration”, those mountains that have been used as thetheme of paintings, literary works, and so on, and have been the inspiration for numerous artistic
works were given amark. Among them, those mountains that have also provided an important

impetus for the creation of a specific artistic or literary school and have had an impact overseas in an
artistic field were given a

mark.

The further summary of each mountain included in Table 3-1 and a detailed explanation for its
selection based on the two aspects of being an “object of worship” and a “source of artistic
inspiration” are provided in Appendix 4.
This section will present a comparative analysis focusing on those mountains indicated in Table
3-1 that received at least one

mark based on the above criteria, and following the comparison

items based on the two perspectives of (1) natural characteristics and tangible value and (2)intangible value, as outlined in 3.2.1). The results are summarized in Table 3-2 and Table 3-3.

(i) Mountains in the Asia-Pacific region
Among all of the mountains selected for comparison, Mount Taishan (Table 3-1, no. 2) has
perhaps the strongest similarities to Fujisan. From ancient times, mountains that soared over theplanes were held in high esteem in China, being viewed as both the dwelling place of the immortals
and as gods themselves. In addition, after Buddhism entered China from India, mountains wereperceived as sacred Buddhist sites. In that context, Mount Taishan is considered a sacred site in
Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. Particularly in the latter case, the uniquely Chinese teachingof Taoism, Mount Taishan is at the top of the list of the five sacred Taoist mountains—Taishan,
Hengshan, Songshan, Huashan, and Hengshan —from which one can infer that its position within
China is similar in nature to Fujisan’s representative presence as a sacred mountain of Japan.
Starting from the time of the Qin Dynasty (221 BC–206 BC), a Fengshan ceremony (a sacrificial
ritual) was held at the summit of Mount Taishan for the enthronement of emperors. By holding theserituals on Taishan, the emperor was believed to acquire divine authority, allowing him to ensure
peace in the world, the perpetuity of the state, and his own longevity. In China, it is generally
believed that the souls of the dead return to Mount Taishan, where they face judgment by Dongyue

Dadi (the Emperor of the Eastern Peak), who controls the realm of the dead and determines the paththey shall take, either toward hell or reincarnation. In addition, the custom of placing stonemonuments called “Shigandang” on the outer walls of one’s home or on a fence facing the road inorder to ward off evil spirits also originated with Mount Taishan. Another custom was for pilgrims
to Taishan to be guided up the mountain by leaders known as “Xiangtou” (spiritual healers or
mediums). For those unable to climb the mountain, Dongyue Miao temples—alternate facilities
deifying Dongyue Dadi of Mount Taishan—were built in locations throughout China.
The above points indicate that Mount Taishan shares several characteristics with Fujisan, where(a) the form of worship evolved over time from the original method of primarily venerating themountain from afar to ascetic Buddhism, worship-ascents, and other forms; (b) the common people
making worship-ascents as pilgrims or Fuji-ko adherents were led into the mountain by the Shugen
ascetics or Fuji-ko leaders; (c) for those unsuited to make the ascent up the mountain, alternate
places to worship known as Fuji mounds, or “Fujizuka”, were created in locations where one could
view the mountain. However, the primary objective of climbing Mount Taishan is to visit thereligious facilities at the summit, and thus it is different in nature from the worship-ascent of Fujisan,where the emphasis is on the very act of climbing the mountain.
Also, the landscape of the summit of Mount Taishan, including an engraved stone monument
saying “wuyueduzun,” or “the most respected of the Five Sacred Mountains,” has been selected as
an image for
China’s bank note, and the mountain has become recognized as a spiritual symbol of the Chinese
people. These points are also commonalities with Fujisan in that the latter has been used as an image
on Japanese bank notes and is a celebrated mountain that symbolizes Japan and Japanese culture.
However, while many poems were written about Mount Taishan, primarily during the Tang Dynasty,
it was not the subject of diverse artistic activities over the long term and did not have a far-reaching
impact as Fujisan did on the art history of the West in the 19th century, and thus could besomewhat different in nature.
Photo 3-21

Mt Taishan© Shizuoka Prefecture

Mount Huangshan (Table 3-1, no. 3) has been the subject of a wide array of artistic works
such as paintings and poems. In particular, the landscapes depicting Huangshan and the landscapeartists who found their inspiration in the mountain created a school of artwork known in Chinese art
history as the Huangshan school of painting. Accordingly, Huangshan’s nature as a “source ofartistic inspiration” bears a strong resemblance to that of Fujisan. However, while paintings
depicting Huangshan do adorn walls throughout China—from the Great Hall of the People,
overlooking Tiananmen Square in Beijing, to private homes—and are thus widely known and deeply
embedded in the lives of the Chinese people, these paintings are considered to have not had a impact
on art history beyond China in the way that Fujisan had a far-reaching impact on the art history of
the West.
Photo 3-22

Mt Huangshan© Yamanashi Prefecture

Mount Lushan (Table 3-1, no. 5) has been depicted in many landscape paintings, including
one depicting Mount Lushan ascribed to Gu Kaizhi (ca. 344–ca. 405), and had a significant impact

not just within China, but on Japanese mediaeval landscape painting as well, thus clearly indicating
its impact on other countries in terms of its nature as a “source of artistic inspiration”. However, this
impact was limited mainly to neighboring countries and it did not have the kind of impact that
Fujisan did on the art history of the West, far from the Asia-Pacific region.
Also, the East Grove Temple at the foot of Mount Lushan is famous as the site in China
established by Huiyuan (334–416), who transmitted the Pure Land Buddhism from India. Lushan
was long known as the only sacred Buddhist site in China, but today it has become a site for diverse
religions, as Buddhist and Taoist temples have now been joined by Christian and Islamic temples at
the foot of the mountain. Mount Lushan’s nature as an “object of worship” is thus considered to bedifferent from that of Fujisan since the focus is on visiting the religious shrines, temples, and otherreligious sites at the foot of the mountain rather than the act of climbing the mountain in aworship-ascent.
Photo 3-23

Mt Lushan© Shizuoka Prefecture

Mount Emei (Table 3-1, no. 6) is similar to Fujisan in that its natural phenomena such as the
Brocken bow that can be seen at its summit are viewed as sacred. Based on the belief that mountains
are sacred places of the gods and buddhas, Buddhist, Taoist, and Confucian religious facilities werebuilt at the summit, and although few in number, people do ascend the mountain from temples
around the base up to temples at the summit. However, similar to the case of Mount Taishan, theentire objective of these climbers is to visit the religious facilities at the summit of Mount Emei, andthus it is different in nature from the worship-ascents of Fujisan that stress the act of climbing itself.
In addition, Mount Emei has been the subject of poetic works by numerous literary figures,
including Li Bai (701–762), Bai Juyi (772–-846), and Su Dongpo (1036–1101) among others, andhas been depicted in many paintings and drawings. But it has not been the subject of a diverse rangeof artistic activities as Fujisan has, nor have the works it inspired had a impact on the West.
Photo 3-24

Mt Emei© Yamanashi Prefecture

The peak of Mount Wutai (Table 3-1, no. 10) is comprised of five plateaus (the east, west,
south, north, and central plateaus) and is considered a sacred Buddhist site. At the base of themountain there are facilities built as substitute sites of worship for each of the temples built on theplateaus. These points are similar to Fujisan, but those who climb Mount Wutai do so primarily toworship at the cluster of temples built on those five plateaus, and thus it differs from theworship-ascents of Fujisan, where the priority is on the act of climbing itself.
Also, the temples on Mount Wutai are considered to be outstanding examples of Tang Dynasty
architectural technology and arts, and the mountain is depicted in numerous sculptures and paintings
extolling Buddhism, but it did not have a impact in other regions outside of China as Fujisan did on
the West.
Photo 3-25

Mt Wutai

Photo by Motonaka Makoto

Mount Kailas (Table 3-1, no. 14) is considered to be a sacred location in Buddhism(particularly Tibetan Buddhism), Bon, Hinduism, and Jainism. In Buddhism, it is said to be theearthly manifestation of Mount Sumeru, the center of the universe, while in Hinduism, it is said to be
the dwelling place of the supreme god, Shiva. In Bon, it is worshipped as the place where thefounder descended to Earth. Pilgrims who travel the long route to arrive at the foot of Mount Kailas
do not climb the sacred mountain. Instead, after first bathing in the sacred waters of Lake
Manasarovar, they circumambulate the base of the mountain, worshiping at such holy sites as
temples known as gompas, sky burial sites, and the footprints of the Buddha carved in stone.
In terms of it being considered a sacred mountain where gods (buddhas) dwell, Mount Kailas issimilar in nature not only to other mountains in China but to Fujisan as well. It also is similar to
Fujisan in that water rituals are carried out in lakes around the foot of the mountain, and pilgrimages
are made to sacred locations around the mountain’s base as well. However, the primary form ofpilgrimage is circumambulation to sacred sites around the base of the mountain, and ascent of themountain is not permitted. Accordingly, it is quite different from Fujisan, where there is a spiritual
origin to the worship-ascents and thus a clear significance in climbing to the top step by step. Even
today, large numbers of common people make the steady trek up Fujisan, trying to reach the area
near the peak to experience “Goraigo” or “Goraiko” at sunrise.
Also, unlike Fujisan, there has been no confirmed case of Mount Kailas being the subject ofdiverse arts or of the end products having an impact abroad.
Photo 3-26

Mt Kailas© Edwin Bernbaum 2010

Adam’s Peak (Table 3-1, no. 23) is a mountain that many pilgrims climb. It is viewed by
Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam as a site where the deities (buddhas) of each religion have visited.
With respect to being a mountain viewed as a sacred dwelling place of deities, it shares a common
trait not only with Chinese mountains, but with Fujisan as well. However, the primary objective ofclimbing Adam’s Peak is to visit the large boulder at the summit, which is believed to be the holy
footprint of the gods based on the doctrines of each of these three religions, and thus it differs innature from the worship-ascents of Fujisan, where the act of climbing the mountain is significant inand of itself.
In addition, there has been no confirmed case of Adam’s Peak being the subject of diverse artistic
works or of such works having an impact abroad.
Photo 3-27

Adam's Peak

© UNESCO/ Namal Kamalgoda(ii) Mountains outside of the Asia-Pacific region
The Rocky Mountains (Table 3-1, no. 24) and Appalachian Mountains (Table 3-1, no.
35) of North America are mountainous areas that provided inspiration to artists, and those artists andtheir artwork gave rise to specific schools of American art history. However, these works and artists
were greatly influenced by Western (European) artwork of the day, and the value of both mountain
ranges in terms of being a “source of artistic inspiration” is thus quite different than that of Fujisan,which served as the inspiration for works of art that had an impact on Western art history, includingthat of Europe.
© UNESCO/ Thorsell,J.W.

Photo 3-28

Rocky Mountains

Photo 3-29

Appalachian Mountains

Mount Sainte-Victoire (Table 3-1, no. 26)

was a favorite subject for artist Paul Cézanne(1839–1906) and it is unquestionably a celebrated mountain in European art history. However,Fujisan had a broad, long-term impact on the arts, ranging from the Ukiyo-e prints of Katsushika
Hokusai (1760–1849) and Utagawa Hiroshige (1797–1858), which had a tremendous impact on theartistic style of the Impressionist artists, to the ancient literature and contemporary crafts. By
comparison, Mount Sainte-Victoire, through the works of Paul Cézanne, only influenced
20th-century painting. Accordingly, based on the time frame and diversity of its impact, there is adifference in the value of Mount Sainte-Victoire and the value of Fujisan in terms of their nature as a“source of artistic inspiration”.
Photo 3-30

Mont Sainte-Victoire

Mount Perdu (Table 3-1, no. 27) and the Swiss Alps (Table 3-1, no. 33) have been thesubject of works by globally renowned artists, such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) and Victor
Hugo (1802–1885), but it would be difficult to say that these mountains had a impact on the literary
history of other regions simply by being depicted in such works. Accordingly, the value of Mount
Perdu and the Swiss Alps as a “source of artistic inspiration” is clearly different from that of Fujisan,which had a significant impact beyond its own region as evidenced by the role that the Ukiyo-e
depictions of the mountain played in the art history of the West.
Photo 3-31

Mount Perdu

Photo 3-32

Swiss Alps

© UNESCO© UNESCO/ Rhb/Robert Bösch

Table 3-2-1 Mountains to be compared from the perspective of being an “object of worship” (remaining evidenceof worship-related activity) (1/2)
Evidence of worship-related activity
Mountain Natural characteristics
Intangible value/ tangible value7- Starting from the Qin Dynasty (221–206 BC), the Fengshan ceremony (asacrificial ritual) was held on Mount Taishan for the enthronement of theemperor, where he would pray for peace in the world, the perpetuity ofthe state, and his own longevity.
- Mount Taishan is considered a sacred site in Confucianism, Buddhism, andTaoism. Particularly in Taoism, Taishan is at the top of the list of the fivesacred mountains—Taishan, Hengshan, Songshan, Huashan, and Hengshan.

Mount
Taishan- Elev. 1,545 meters at
Jade Emperor Peak,the highest point of
the mountain range- Temples and routes
for going to worshipat temples- In China, it is believed that the souls of the dead return to Mount Taishan.
Enshrined in the mountain are Dongyue Dadi, who governs the life anddeath of mortals, and Bixia Yuanjun (Princess of the Azure Clouds),
goddess of childbirth. In addition, Mount Taishan is the origin of theshigandang stone tablets placed on the exterior of homes to ward off evil
spirits, and of many other forms of worship.
- Within China, in towns of a certain scale, there are Dongyue Miao and
Tianzhai Xinggong temples, alternate Taoist facilities deifying Dongyue
Dadi of Mount Taishan that were built to allow those unable to climb themountain itself to pay homage at these temples instead.
- From spring to summer of each year, people climb Mount Taishan,
guided by leaders known as xiangtou.
- The landscape of the summit of Mount Taishan, including an engraved stonemonument saying “wuyueduzun” (“the most respected of the Five Sacred
Mountains”), has been used on China’s banknote (five yuan), making the mountainwidely known and recognized as a spiritual symbol of the Chinese people.

Table 3-2-2 Mountains to be compared from the perspective of being an “object of worship” (remaining evidenceof worship-related activity) (2/2)
Evidence of worship-related activity
Mountain Natural characteristics
Intangible value/ tangible value7

Mount
Emei

- A series of peaks
whose elev. of 3,099
meters at the central
pointof
Ten-Thousand
BuddhasPeakissimilar to that of
Fujisan- Temples and routes
for going to worshipat temples

Mount
Wutai

- At an elevation of
3,058 meters at Yedou
Peak, the mountainpeaks of Wutai aresimilar in height toFujisan- Temples and routes
for going to worshipat temples- Mount Emei is a sacred site connected to Samantabhadra Bodhisattva,
and it was the first sacred Buddhist site in China. Currently, the mountainhosts not only Buddhist, but Taoist and Confucian temples as well.
- The Brocken bow that can be seen at the summit of Mount Emei is called
the “Buddha’s halo,” and it is said to bring good fortune to those who
witness it.

- Mount Wutai is one of the Four Sacred Mountains of Chinese Buddhism(Mount Wutai, Mount Emei, Mount Jiuhua, and Mount Putuo) and isconsidered to be the sacred site where Manjusri Bodhisattva achieved
enlightenment. It played an important role in the syncretism anddevelopment of Buddhism among the Han-Chinese and Tibetan people.
- The summit of Mount Wutai is comprised of five flat plateaus (the east,
west, north, south, and central plateaus) and temples have been built on
each. It is people’s greatest wish to be able to visit these temples to pay
homage. To simplify that process, at the base of the mountain there arefacilities created as places where people can face each of the temples
built on the plateaus and pray.
- A sacred location in Buddhism, Hinduism, Bon, and Jainism.
- In Buddhism, Mount Kailas is said to be the earthly manifestation of
Mount Sumeru, the center of the universe.
- Particularly in Tibetan Buddhism, it is located at the center of themandala and is considered the supreme location for meditation.

Mount
Kailas- In Indian Hinduism, it is said to be the dwelling place of the supreme- Independent peak withgod, Shiva.
an elevation of 6,656
meters- In Bon, Mount Kailas is worshipped as the place where the founderdescended to Earth, while in Jainism, it is thought to be the place where- Pilgrimage sites suchthe founder achieved enlightenment.
as
lakes
and
pilgrimage routes- For Tibetan and Indian pilgrims, Mount Kailas is considered the ultimate
destination of their pilgrimage.
- The pilgrimage route that circles the base of the mountain is 52
kilometers in length. People are not permitted to climb the sacred
mountain, so after first bathing in the sacred waters of Lake Manasarovar,
pilgrims circumambulate the base of the mountain, worshiping at such
holy sites as temples known as gompas, sky burial sites, and thefootprints of the Buddha carved in stone.

Adam’sPeak

7- It is said that the Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama) visited Adam’s Peak.
- Independent peak with
an elevation of 2,238 - At the summit of Adam’s peak there is a 1.8-meter rock formation (SriPada) with an indentation that is said to be the Buddha’s footprint inmeters
Buddhist tradition. Hinduism says it is the footprint of Shiva, while Islam- Rock formations
holds that it is the footprint of the first ancestor, Adam. Large numbers of- Pilgrimage routepilgrims visit the summit of Adam’s Peak given that it is considered asacred location by all of these religions.

In this column, only those items applicable to the mountains selected for comparison from the perspectives of thenatural characteristics and tangible values outlined in section 3.2.1) are included.

Mountains to be compared from the perspective of being a “source of artistic” inspirations for the arts
Table 3-3
(association with artistic works)
Mountain

Association with artistic works- The landscape paintings and literary works created in the mid-17th century as well as otherartistic works depicting Mount Huangshan are highly esteemed in Chinese art and literary
history.

Mount
Huangshan- Landscape paintings depicting Mount Huangshan gave rise to an important school in Chinese
art history known as the Huangshan school of painting.
- Paintings depicting the “Welcoming Guest Pine” on Mount Huangshan adorn walls throughout
China—from the Great Hall of the People, overlooking Tiananmen Square in Beijing, to private
homes—and are thus widely known among the Chinese people.
- Mount Lushan has been the subject of poetic works by many writers including Tao Yuanming(365–427) and Li Bai (701–762).

Mount Lushan- Sei Shonagon, an 11th-century Japanese female poet and court lady, wrote of viewing snow on
the Xianglu Peak of Mount Lushan, sung in a poem by Bai Juyi (772-846), in her collection of
essays known as Makura no soshi (The Pillow Book).
- Among the numerous landscape paintings of Mount Lushan, the image of Li Bai gazing at thewaterfalls of Mount Lushan in particular became the subject for works by Japanese artists
including Ogata Korin (1658–1716) and Katsushika Hokusai (ca. 1760–1849).

Rocky
Mountains- Representative of American artists, Albert Bierstadt (1830–1902) is known as a leader of the
Rocky Mountain school of painters. His works depicting the landscapes of the Rocky
Mountains are perhaps the most outstanding expressions of the romanticism movement.
- Bierstadt’s Rocky Mountain Landscape adorns the walls of the White House in the US capital.
- The elevation of the highest peak in the Rockies, Mount Elbert, has an elevation of 4,399
meters, which is higher than that of Fujisan.

Mount
Sainte-Victoire

Mount Perdu- Paul Cézanne (1830–1906) repeatedly used Mount Sainte-Victoire as the primary subject for his
secular paintings. In this way, Mount Sainte-Victoire became the most famous mountain in
Western works of art.
- The landscape of Mount Perdu is closely intertwined with the traditional pastoral lifestyle of themountain’s residents and the unique culture of the Pyrenees that run along the border of France
and Spain, as well as with the artistic and literary works of artists such as Victor Hugo.
- Mount Perdu played an important role in the development of romanticism in European art.
- The elevation of Mount Perdu is 3,352 meters, which is similar to that of Fujisan.
- The impressive landscape of the Alps has played an important role in the arts and literature ofEurope.

Swiss Alps
(Jungfrau,
Bietschhorn,
and other peaks)- Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) used a sketch of Monte Rosa (elev. 4,636), situated on theborder between Italy and Switzerland, as the background for the Mona Lisa. Albrecht Dürer(1471–1528), an artist of the German renaissance period, often used sketches of the Alps in his
pictures of saints and other religious themes. However, in these pictures, the Alps served not as
the primary subject, but as the background of the pictures.
- Italian artist Giovanni Segantini (1858–1899) loved the Swiss Alps and continued to paint theirmajestic form throughout his life, earning him the nickname “the painter of the Alps.”- Finsteraarhorn is the highest peak in the Alps with an elevation of 4,274 meters, making it
higher than Fujisan.
- Many of America’s finest landscape artists, such as Frederic E. Church (1826–1900) andThomas Cole (1801–1848), have painted works depicting the Appalachian Mountains.

Appalachian
Mountains- In a chapter on “Mixed properties and cultural landscapes” in his report titled The World
Heritage Convention, Twenty Years Later, Léon Pressouyre, who was deeply involved in
evaluating the value of cultural properties during the early stages of the World Heritage
Convention, introduced Fujisan and the Appalachian Mountains as top examples of mountainlandscapes that inspired exceptional works of art.

5) Identification of Mountains within Japan to Be Compared
Throughout Japan there are many mountains that have come to be known as sacred mountains inrelation to Shinto or Buddhist beliefs. Most of them began long ago as mountains that werevenerated from afar as the abodes of deities, and through a syncretic process that blended Japan’sancient Shintoism with the Buddhism that had arrived from the Asian continent, the worship of thesemountains developed in close relation to the compounds and buildings of Shinto shrines andBuddhist temples. Among those mountains that were particularly revered by the Japanese people,
seven have been selected as examples of mountains within Japan with which Fujisan should becompared. These examples are listed in Table 3-4 below and include several mountains that are
inscribed on the World Heritage List (Table 3-4 no. 1–3), one mountain (an island) that is includedon Japan’s World Heritage Tentative List (Table 3-4 no. 4), and other outstanding mountains.
Table 3-4

Mountains within Japan selected for comparative analysis

No.

Mountain

Properties

Criteria(i) (ii)(iv) (vi)(ii) (iii)(iv) (vi)(ii) (iii)(iv) (vi)Country1

Mount Misen

Itsukushima Shinto Shrine

2

Mount Mikasayama

Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara

3

Kii Mountain Range

4

Okinoshima Island

5

Mount Tateyama

Japan

6

Mount Hakusan

Japan

7

Mount Asosan

Japan

Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes
in the Kii Mountain Range
Okinoshima Island and Related Sites
in the Munakata Region

Worship

Artistic
inspiration

Japan
Japan
Japan
Japan

Worship: From the natural/tangible perspective, mountains that feature physical evidence of worship-related activity
such as sites of worship, pilgrimage sites, or the remains of such sites, and where religious rites, activities, orother core elements of worship have been transmitted to current generations.
: In addition to the above, mountains where the act of c limbing the mountain itself is viewed as having religious
significance, and where areas that display natural features related to the mountain, such as lakes and springs,
are considered sites of religious activity as well.
Artistic inspiration: Mountains that have been used as the theme of paintings, literary works, etc., and have been the inspiration for
numerous works.
: In addition to the above, mountains th at have given rise to artistic or literary schools, and have had an impact
overseas. In particular, mountains similar to Fujisan in having an impact abroad that is recognized in art
history.

6) Comparison of Fujisan with Mountains within Japan
As was done in the comparative analysis of mountains outside of Japan, the mountains within
Japan that were selected in 3.2.5) above were categorized based on the two aspects that comprise
Fujisan’s Outstanding Universal Value—i.e., its aspects as an “object of worship” and as a “sourceof artistic inspiration”—and were given a mark (either or) to show the degree to which each

property conforms to the comparison items shared with Fujisan.
In this section, all mountains that received a

are analyzed according to the two comparative

perspectives outlined in 3.2.1): natural characteristics/tangible value and intangible value. The
results are summarized in Tables 3-5 and 3-6.

(i) Mountains within Japan that are inscribed on the World Heritage List
Mount Misen (Table 3-4, no. 1) is a mountain with an elevation of 535 meters that is included
within the area of the property, Itsukushima Shinto Shrine (inscribed as a cultural property on theWorld Heritage List in 1996), and it is the highest peak on the island of Itsukushima. In the ancient
times, the entire island—including Mount Misen—was considered to be sacred and the place tovenerate it from afar was built on the facing shore to the north of the island. Subsequently, thebuildings of Itsukushima-jinja were built on the northern shore of the island, creating a scenic viewof the front of the shrine that encompassed Mount Misen in the background and the sea surface infront. Itsukushima-jinja and Mount Misen offer evidence of the history of the intermixing andseparation of Shinto and Buddhism, and are thus an important example for understanding the uniquenature of the Japanese religious space. Mount Misen, which rises up in the background of thebuildings of the shrine, was the object of worship from the shrine, and at the same time played a rolein the shrine architecture as the backdrop for the front view of the buildings. Accordingly, therelationship between Mount Misen and the buildings of Itsukushima-jinja can be considered as being
one step removed from the worship-ascent of Fujisan, where the act of climbing from the shrinecompounds at the base of the mountain to the summit is considered significant.
Also, while Itsukushima-jinja’s compound and buildings were the subject of numerous poems
and pictures from the 11th century on, and while Mount Misen was often depicted in the backgroundof the shrine primarily in pictures from the 17th century on, nonetheless none of those works had an
outstanding impact on artistic activities or works in other regions of the world in the way that the
Ukiyo-e images of Fujisan had.
Photo 3-33

Mt Misen© PREC Institute Inc.

Mount Mikasayama (Table 3-4, no. 2) is a beautiful, solitary knoll rising 294 meters inelevation. It is included in the compound of Kasuga-Taisha (Kasuga Great Shrine), which is one ofeight component parts of the Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara (inscribed on the World Heritage
List in 1998). Prior to the 8th century, Mount Mikasayama itself was considered a sacred site as theabode of Ubusunagami, or the guardian deity of the people born in that area, and from the 8th
century on, it became part of the shrine precincts as the shrine woods of Kasuga-Taisha (Kasuga
Great Shrine), which stood at the western base of the mountain. Mount Mikasayama and thecompound and buildings of Kasuga-Taisha (Kasuga Great Shrine) are important in terms ofunderstanding Japan’s ancient beliefs of nature worship, and of the process and characteristics of theestablishment and development of Japanese Shinto shrine compounds and buildings. However,similar to the case of Mount Misen, the relationship between Mount Mikasayama and the compoundand buildings of Kasuga-Taisha (Kasuga Great Shrine) is one step removed from the worship-ascentof Fujisan, where the act of climbing from the Shinto shrine compounds at the base of the mountainto the summit is considered significant.
There were also numerous poems written about Mount Mikasayama, some of which were
included in the Man-yoshu (Collection of a Myriad Leaves), the classic 8th century collection ofJapanese poetry, and some imperial poetry anthologies, but unlike the Ukiyo-e depictions of Fujisan,
they did not have an outstanding impact on artistic activities or works in other regions of the world.

Photo 3-34

Mt Mikasayama©Nara City Tourist Association

Since ancient times, the Kii Mountain Range (Table 3-4, no. 3) , which has an elevation of
1,000–2,000 meters, has cultivated the spirit of nature worship (Shinto). The area forms the core of
the Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range (inscribed on the World Heritage
List in 2004). Since the arrival of Buddhism from the Asian continent in the 6th century, mountainreligions spread in the Kii Mountain Range, and mountain-related religious practices flourished as
the area served as a training ground for the ascetic Buddhism that was born through the syncretismof Shinto and Buddhism. Subsequently, the so-called “Kumano Sanzan” temples and shrines locatedin the Kii Mountain Range became a popular destination for pilgrimages by the imperial family andaristocracy, and from the late 15th century, that practice spread to commoners as well. However,from the 20th century on, the number of people making the pilgrimage to all of the sites by footdecreased.
Similar to the case of the Kii Mountain Range, in early times those climbing Fujisan wereprimarily ascetics as well, but from the 15th century on it was increasingly commoners—Fuji-ko
adherents and other pilgrims—who were undertaking the worship-ascents, and that trend has
continued up to the present day, as approximately 300,000 people visit Fujisan during the summer
season every year to climb its slopes. The core elements of the worship-ascent activities that derived
from Fujisan-worship have been handed down even to people today in the form of mass ascents ofthe mountain, and in this respect Fujisan surpasses the Kii Mountain Range.
In addition, Mount Yoshinoyama, one of the sacred sites in the Kii Mountain Range, is known asa famous spot for cherry-blossom viewing. There have been numerous poems composed about thecherry blossoms of Mount Yoshinoyama, starting with those included in the 8th century Man-yoshu
and some imperial poetry anthologies. In modern times, the view of Mount Yoshinoyama covered incherry blossoms has been depicted in Ukiyo-e pictures. However, these works did not cross theoceans to have a major impact on other regions of the world. In comparison, Fujisan has been
depicted in a great many works in various fields, such as waka and haiku poetry, paintings, and othermedia, and Ukiyo-e pictures such as Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji by Katsushika Hokusai (ca.
1760–1849) and Utagawa Hiroshige (1797-1858) had a significant impact on Western art history.
Accordingly, while there is some common ground in terms of the diversity of the artistic works thatthe mountains inspired, Fujisan clearly surpasses the Kii Mountain Range in terms of the impact of
those works outside of Japan.
Photo 3-35

Kii Mountain Range© Wakayama Prefecture(ii) Other mountains within Japan
Okinoshima Island (Table 3-4, no. 4) is one component part of the property known as the
Okinoshima Island and Related Sites in the Munakata Region (included in Japan’s World Heritage
Tentative List). From the 4th to 10th centuries, this island was the location of state rituals held tooffer prayers for the safe voyage of ships sailing off for negotiations with continental powers in the
East Asian region. Rising up from the Genkainada Sea between Japan and the Republic of Korea,
Okinoshima is a solitary island with a circumference of 4 kilometers and an elevation of 243 meters.

The summit area of the lone peak at the center of the island is covered with rock formations, and theisland’s periphery is surrounded by precipitous shorelines. Not only does this site contain vestiges ofthe original form of Japan’s unique nature-worship, but that worship of this island that includes amountain rising above the ocean has continued unbroken up to the present day. However,
Okinoshima Island is usually closed to the public and therefore it differs in nature from theworship-ascents of Fujisan, where the act of starting from the compounds of Shinto shrines at thebase of the mountain and climbing to the summit is considered significant.
Photo 3-36

Okinoshima Island© Munakata Taisha

Mount Tateyama (Table 3-4, no. 5) is the collective name for three peaks in the
3,000-meter-elevation range situated in the northern portion of Japan’s central mountainous region.
Considered to be a sacred mountain since ancient times, it forms the core of the Tateyama sect ofascetic Buddhism. While there are many sacred mountains that prohibit women from entering,
Mount Tateyama was known as a mountain of salvation for women. Mount Tateyama wasconsidered the embodiment of the world-view of hell and paradise (the Buddhist Pure Land) and had
an impact on Japanese perceptions of the after-world. By climbing Mount Tateyama, one could
symbolically experience that after-world and go to Amida Buddha’s Pure Land of Utmost Bliss,something it holds in common with Fujisan. However, the number of worshippers who have climbed
Mount Tateyama is nowhere near the number of those who have climbed Fujisan.
Photo 3-37

Mt Tateyama© Toyama Prefectural Tourism Association

Mount Hakusan (Table 3-4, no. 6) is a mountain with an elevation of 2,702 meters located in
the center of the Japanese Archipelago, facing out on the Sea of Japan. The area comprising themountain and its base is among the world’s snowiest locations. From ancient times, Mount Hakusan
was considered to be the abode of gods of water and the crops, and thus the mountain itself came tobe revered. Moreover, from the 8th century on, it became a sacred mountain where one could
experience symbolic death and rebirth through ascetic Buddhism. From the three provinces that lay
at the foot of Mount Hakusan—Kaga (part of present-day Ishikawa Prefecture), Echizen (part ofpresent-day Fukui Prefecture), and Mino (part of present-day Gifu Prefecture) —mountain trails(“Zenjodo”) extended up toward the main Hakusan-jinja Shrine and other features at the summit.
Similar to the Kumano region of the Kii Mountain Range, ascetic Buddhism was extremely popular
here, and it was the core of Hakusan woship, or the worship of Mount Hakusan. However, hardly
anyone today passes along the “Zenjodo” trails to make their way to the summit of the mountain.
Accordingly, it differs from the worship-ascents of Fujisan, emulated even today by the many people
who make the trek, step by step, climbing to experience “Goraigo” or “Goraiko” as the sun rises on
the summit.
Photo 3-38

Mt Hakusan© Ishikawa Prefecture

Mount Asosan (Table 3-4, no. 7) is an active volcano centered on five peaks, with thehighest peak having an elevation of 1,592 meters. The five volcanic cones are located at the center ofone of the world’s largest caldera, which is surrounded by the outer rim. The mountain offers
evidence of the symbiotic relationship between man and nature, as people from ancient times onfound ways to stand up to and coexist with this volcano, a fearful object of nature.
The Aso-jinja Shrine, situated inside the caldera, is dedicated to Takeiwatatsu no Mikoto, who issaid to dwell within the Nakadake crater, and it has long been revered by the many people who live
and farm within the caldera. Even today, people continue to make pilgrimages known as“Oikesammairi” to pay homage at the crater lake. Accordingly, Mount Asosan is similar to Fujisanin that people climb from shrines at the base to worship at the summit of a sacred volcano. However,Fujisan clearly surpasses Mount Asosan in terms of the scale of the mountain-climbing custom.
The landscape provided by Mount Asosan’s magnificent volcanic form and its broad grasslands
has also been the focus of many artistic works, such as Nihyaku-toka (The 210th Day), a work by
one of Japan’s preeminent modern novelists, Natsume Soseki (1867–1916). However, these works
have not had the kind of outstanding impact on artistic activities or works of art in other regions of
the world that the Ukiyo-e depictions of Fujisan had.
Photo 3-39

Mt Asosan© Kumamoto PrefectureTable 3-5-1 Mountains within Japan to be compared from the perspective of being an “object of worship”(evidence of worship-related activity) (1/2)
Evidence of worship-related activity
MountainNatural characteristics
Intangible value/ tangible value- Island- Sea surface
Mount
Misen

- Solitary peak; elev.
535 meters- Rock formations

Mount
Mikasayama- In the ancient times, the entire island of Itsukushima, including Mount
Misen, was considered to be sacred and people would worship fromthe facing shore to the north of the island. Subsequently the buildingsof Itsukushima-jinja were built on the northern shore of the island,
creating a scenic view of the shrine that encompassed Mount Misen in
the background and the sea surface in front.

- Shinto shrines- The buildings of Itsukushima-jinja and Mount Misen in the
background show the history of the intermixing and separation of
Shinto and Buddhism, and are thus an important example forunderstanding the unique nature of the Japanese religious space.

- Solitary knoll; elev.
294 meters- Mount Mikasayama is a solitary knoll that rises behind the buildings of
Kasuga-Taisha (Kasuga Great Shrine), and it forms part of the shrine
precincts. It is closely related to the unique Shinto beliefs that deifies
natural mountains and forests.

- Rock formations- Shinto shrines- Entry to Mount Mikasayama has traditionally been limited to religious
professionals.
- The Kii Mountain Range developed as a training ground for the ascetic
Buddhism that was born through the syncretism of Japan’s ancient worshipof nature and the Buddhism that arrived from the Asian continent.

- Mountain range; elev.
1,000–2,000 meters
Kii Mountain
Range- Pilgrimage routes- Shinto shrines- Buddhist temples- Waterfalls- Island
OkinoshimaIsland- Solitary peak; elev.
243 meters- Sea surface- Shinto shrine- The highly sacred natural environment of the Kii Mountain Range andthe religious rituals that continue to be held there represent exceptionaland diverse elements of the cultural landscape of sacred mountains.
- Even today, the Kii Mountain Range is the site of asceticism, as people
tour the peaks and carry out ascetic practices known as “Sanrintoso”.
- Pilgrimages particularly to the so-called “Kumano Sanzan” temples
and shrines located in the Kii Mountain Range became popular among
the imperial family and aristocracy, and from the late 15th century thatpractice spread to commoners, becoming so popular that the throngs
were referred to as the “ants' processions” to Kumano.
- The process by which the form of rituals on Okinoshima shifted—from
nature-related rituals to today’s shrine-based rituals— has beenpreserved in its pure state.
- The rituals on Okinoshima were held with the goal of assuring
successful international negotiations and safe voyages. It began withrituals atop a huge rock and then changed in form to rituals in theshade of the rock, rituals that were half in the shade and half in open
air, and then completely open air rituals.
- The general public is not normally allowed entry to Okinoshima, and it
is protected by numerous restrictions based on taboo.

Mount
Tateyama- Combined name ofthree peaks: Oyama,
Oonanjiyama (elev.
3,015 meters), andFujinooritate- Pilgrimage routes- Shinto shrine- Mount Tateyama expresses a world-view of hell and paradise (theBuddhist Pure Land) that was popularized in the 9th century andsubsequently had an impact on Japanese perceptions of the after-world.
- By climbing Mount Tateyama, one could symbolically experience theafter-world and go to the Buddhist Pure Land.
- From the 17th century on, Tateyama mandalas were created withimages depicting hell and the Buddhist Pure Land on the mountain, or
depicting the mountain’s pilgrimage routes, and with the spread ofthese images, the number of people carrying out worship-based ascentsof Mount Tateyama increased.
- From the 17th to 19th centuries, Mount Tateyama was known as amountain of salvation for women.

Table 3-5-2 Mountains within Japan to be compared from the perspective of being an “object of worship”(evidence of worship-related activity) (2/2)
Evidence of worship-related activity
MountainNatural characteristics
Intangible value/ tangible value

Mount
Hakusan- Combined name ofthree
peaks:
Gozengamine (elev.
2,702
meters),
Oonanjimine,andKengamine- Pilgrimage routes- Shrines

Mount
Asosan- Volcanowithvolcanic cones; elev.
931–1,592 meters- Caldera / outer rim- Shrine- The history of Hakusan worship began with the ascent of the mountainin the 8th century by the priest Taicho (682–767).
- Archaeological remains related to ascetic Buddhism have beenpreserved in good condition, primarily at the summit.
- From the Hakusan-jinja shrines in the three provinces that lay at thefoot of the mountain—Kaga, Echizen, and Mino—trails (zenjodo)
extend up toward the main Hakusan-jinja Shrine at the summit.
- There is a strong tradition of worship centered on the Aso Shrine,
which is dedicated to Takeiwatatsu no Mikoto (grandson of Emperor
Jimmu) and which contributed to making Mount Asosan a sacred site.
- In the 12th century, Mount Aso became an object of worship byascetics from the Saiganden-ji Temple (Tendai Sect).
- In the 17th century, many common people made pilgrimages to thecrater lake, a practice known as“Oikesammairi”.

Table 3-6 Mountains within Japan to be compared from the perspective of being a “source of artistic inspiration”(association with artistic works)
Mountain

Mount
Misen

Association with artistic works- Since ancient times, Bugaku, Noh, Kabuki, Joruri, and other performing arts flourished at
Itsukushima-jinja at the foot of Mount Misen, and some of those performances continue to beheld today. Also, because in the 12th century the mountain became an object of worship by thepolitically powerful Taira clan, who had put their efforts into constructing the buildings of theshrine, it served as one of the main settings for the action in the Heike monogatari (The Tale of
the Taira clan), an epic that told of the rise and fall of the Taira clan.
- Since the 17th century, Itsukushima has been known as one of the three most scenic spots ofJapan, representing a sacred site on the sea, and it has become a popular destination for people tovisit. Itsukushima-jinja has been depicted in the artistic works such as Ukiyo-e and otherpaintings, with Mount Misen in the background.

Mount
Mikasayama- There were numerous poems written about Mount Mikasayama, such as those included in the
Man-yoshu, and it was also depicted in worship-related images, such as the Kasuga mandalas.
- The Kii Mountain Range was depicted in paintings related to Kumano worship, such as the Nachi
pilgrimage mandalas and the Kumano mandalas. There were also works for Bunraku and Kabuki
that were set at sacred sites of the Kii Mountain Range, and journals remain that relate the detailsof travelers’ pilgrimages to Kumano.

Kii Mountain
Range

Mount
Tateyama

Mount
Asosan-In the 14th-century historical epic, the Taiheiki (a chronicle of mediaeval Japan), Mount
Yoshinoyama of the Kii Mountain Range is described as a site where the Imperial court wasplaced. It has been the subject of many poems, including those in the Man-yoshu. From theMiddle Ages on it became famous as a spot for cherry-blossom viewing and that scene inparticular became a popular theme for the artistic works such as Ukiyo-e and other paintings fromthe 18th century on.

- In a poem from the 8th-century Man-yoshu, Mount Tateyama is described as the “peaks where
the gods dwell.”- The hell of Tateyama is described in the 12th-century tale collection Konjaku monogatarishu(Tales of times now past) and in the No play, “Utou” (Birds of Sorrow), in the late 14th to early
15th century.
- Takeiwatatsu no Mikoto, who is enshrined in the Aso Shine, has the character of being a god whohelped reclaim the land for cultivation, and legends of the development of Aso have been handed
down, as have rice-related events like the Aso no Noko Saiji agricultural festival.
- The landscape provided by Mount Asosan’s magnificent volcanic form and its broad grasslands
have inspired the creativity of many artists, including one of Japan’s preeminent modern
novelists, Natsume Soseki (1867–1916), who wrote about Mount Asosan in his work
Nihyakutoka (The 210th Day).

7) Conclusion
Based on this comparative analysis of mountains within Japan and in other countries, a numberof Fujisan’s unique characteristics can be educed with reference to its nature as an “object ofworship” and a “source of artistic inspiration”, as outlined below. Furthermore, the appropriatenessof inscribing Fujisan on the World Heritage List can be derived from these findings, as will beshown at the end of this section.

(i) Comparative analysis of Fujisan with other mountains from the perspective of
being an “object of worship”
In section 3.2.4) above, the majority of the mountains selected in the Asia-Pacific region forcomparison from the perspective of being an “object of worship” share a common form of worshipthat believes that mountains are the abodes of supernatural beings or deities, and also the deities
themselves. However, the religious rites and activities at these mountains are mainly held only at
religious facilities at the summit or at the base of the mountain, and it is rare to find examples similar
to the worship-ascent of Fujisan, where the religious emphasis is on the traditional form of climbing
the mountain and the act of carrying out a pilgrimage.
Also, as part of the worship-ascent of Fujisan, pilgrims and Fuji-ko adherents from the 17th
century on would climb close to the summit to worship the sunrise as a form of “Goraigo” (alsoknown as “Goraiko”, a religious term referring to the Amida Buddha welcoming souls into the
Buddhist Pure Land), and thus priority is placed on reaching the summit prior to the break of dawn
and worshiping the rising sun. Because Fujisan is located in close proximity to the capital city area,
over the span of roughly two months during the summer, approximately 300,000 people climb themountain each year despite its elevation of 3,776 meters. Because there are no roads, railroad tracks,
or other means of transportation to the summit, the climbers make the more-than-six-hour trek up themountain to the summit by foot. This modality of mountain climbing does not have its origins in themodern alpinism that blossomed in the first half of the 20th century in Japan, but rather was bornfrom the worship-ascents of the Shugen ascetics and the numerous Fuji-ko adherents that wereorganized from the 17th century on, centered primarily in Edo (present-day Tokyo). The
contemporary form of climbing Fujisan—using a long walking stick or pilgrims' staff called“Kongozue” (literally, Diamond Staff)
to proceed one step at a time up the slopes to the area near the summit where one can experience“Goraigo” (Goraiko) —decidedly carries on the essence of the cultural traditions of Fujisan. This
form of mountain climbing has no analogous examples on mountains in other regions of the world.
From the above discussion, it is concluded that Fujisan’s characteristics include the following:(1) it represents a form of mountain worship that is common throughout the Asia-Pacific region
whereby mountains themselves are regarded as sacred; (2) on Fujisan, this form of worship has theunique characteristic of a worship-ascent, where the act of ascending the mountain is mostsignificant; and (3) the form of mass ascent of Fujisan that originated with the worship-ascent is still
being carried out today. The result of the comparative analysis with other mountains outside of Japan
from the perspective of being an “object of worship” thus shows that Fujisan is a representative
example of mountains in the Asia-Pacific region that are considered to be objects of worship, and isa mountain that possesses rare characteristics.

(ii) Comparative analysis of Fujisan with other mountains

from the perspective of

being a “source of artistic inspiration”
The majestic form of Fujisan—the high, solitary volcanic peak—can be seen from a broad swath in all
directions, and that scenic landscape has been the inspiration for artistic efforts since ancient times.
Among the various artistic works of art that have taken Fujisan as their theme, those that have had thegreatest impact have been the Ukiyo-e prints of Katsushika Hokusai (ca. 1760–1849) and Utagawa
Hiroshige (1797–1858). Their works made Japanese art fashionable in the West, giving rise to what was
known as Japonisme. Western Impressionist artists such as Claude Monet (1840–1926) and Paul Cézanne(1839–1906) were influenced by a number of concepts in the Ukiyo-e works of Hokusai and Hiroshige,
including methods of expression using straight and curved lines, the art of two-dimensional images using
vibrant colors, the composition of images using asymmetry and blank space, the technique of creating
serial works by painting the same subject in different seasons or times of the day, and so on.
In his work Sacred Mountains of the World, Edwin Bernbaum, a noted American expert onmountains, writes:“Among the many mountains available to the artist for awakening a sense of thesacred, however, Japan has one without parallel in China, a particularly evocative peak
whose simplicity of form demands a different style of representation—Mount Fuji.
Depicted in earlier landscape paintings in largely stylized ways, it became in the 19th
century a focal point of interest for a Japanese school of art that acquired a special
renown in the Western world.
“The triangular cone of Fuji with its lack of irregular features made an ideal subject
for Ukiyo-e woodblock prints that emphasized smooth geometric shapes and8homogeneous masses of color”.

Also, in a chapter on “Mixed properties and cultural landscapes” in his report titled The World
Heritage Convention, Twenty Years Later, Frenchman Léon Pressouyre, who was deeply involvedin assessing the value of cultural properties during the early stages of the World Heritage
Convention, wrote that along with the Florentine countryside for Tuscan painting or the
Appalachians for American landscape paintings such as Frederick Church (1826–1900) and Thomas
Cole (1801–1848), Fujisan is an exceptional mountain that inspired the creation of Japanese9paintings and other artistic works that glorified its natural landscape .
Among the mountains considered in this comparison, there were some cases where the works or
artists depicting those mountains created a singular school in art history, as was the case with Mount
Huangshan (China) or the Rocky Mountains (US and Canada). However, the influence of thoseworks and artists generally tended to be limited to a single artistic field within their own country.
While Chinese mountain landscape paintings depicting Mount Lushan (China) had a major impact
on Japanese mountain landscape paintings, that influence was limited primarily to neighboring
countries. There exists no mountain other than Japan’s Fujisan that has inspired the creation ofworks from ancient to modern times in a variety of fields, including poetry and painting among

8

Sacred Mountains of the World:

Edwin Bernbaum, Sierra Club Books San Francisco, 1990
9

Pressouyre, The World Heritage Convention, Twenty Years Later.

others, and has had a substantial impact on the art history of the West in the late 19th century —aregion far removed from the Asia-Pacific region.
Thus, in the comparison of mountains in countries outside of Japan that have served as a “sourceof artistic inspiration”, Fujisan is unique in nature in that it (1) inspired diverse artistic endeavors
over a long period of time, and (2) not only influenced artistic work within Japan, but had an impactthat went beyond its own borders and those of neighboring countries to have an impact in the distantlands of Europe. It therefore serves as a rare example of a globally outstanding celebrated mountain.

(iii) Others
The IUCN’s 2009 thematic study report titled World Heritage Volcanoes

10notes that it isinteresting that the World Heritage List “does not contain many of the volcanoes that might becommonly recognized by the general public,” offering Mount Etna

11

in Italy and Japan’s Fujisan as

two such examples. It also notes the significant fact that, of these, Fujisan, along with its environs,
receives more visitors on an annual basis than any other volcano. The report concludes that eachvolcano’s individual merits should be considered based on the criteria of notoriety, scientificimportance, and cultural and educational value in order to remedy gaps seen in the volcanoes
inscribed on the World Heritage List.
Based on this analysis, it is evident that Fujisan has outstanding properties when compared tomountains within Japan and around the world—including mountains already inscribed on the World
Heritage List—that can be evaluated from the perspectives of their nature as an “object of worship”
and a “source of artistic inspiration”. Accordingly, by inscribing Fujisan as a cultural property, it will
enhance the balance and credibility of the World Heritage List.

3.3. Proposed Statement of Outstanding Universal Valuea) Brief Synthesis
Fujisan is Japan’s highest peak (elev. 3,776 m) and the sacred, majestic form of its solitary
volcanic cone is known throughout the world as a symbol of Japan.
The worship of Fujisan is unique in nature, centering on efforts to draw power from the deities
residing on the mountain and to experience of a symbolic death and rebirth in the course of making
worship-ascents from the slopes to the summit of the mountain and pilgrimages to religious sites at
the foot of the mountain. As the beliefs, ceremonies, and religious activities of Fujisan-worship
evolved, the awe that the volcanic Fujisan inspired gave birth to traditions that emphasized
coexistence with nature, and that in turn evolved into traditions focused on reverence and affection
for Fujisan’s majestic form and gratitude for the blessings it provides through the springs at its baseand other natural attributes. The essence of those traditions has transcended the ages and continues tobe faithfully preserved to the present day, influencing the form and spirit of contemporary ascents ofthe mountain and pilgrimages to the sites on and at the base of Fujisan.

10

Chris Wood, World Heritage Volcanoes:

A Thematic Study (Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, 2009)11

Mount Etna is situated on the eastern portion of the island of Sicily in southern Italy.

At an elevation of 3,326 meters, it is Europe’s largest active volcano.

In addition, these traditions served as inspiration for the Ukiyo-e prints by Katsushika Hokusai(ca. 1760-1849) and Utagawa Hiroshige (1797-1858), depicting the many facets of Fujisan, and as
the wellspring for the transformation of Fujisan into an iconic figure with outstanding universal
significance. In this way, Fujisan has become a significant symbol of Japan and Japanese culture.
As is stated above, through both the religious practices associated with the mountain frompremodern times and the artistic activity inspired by the mountain’s landscape, people all over theworld have come to see Fujisan as an outstanding example of a type of Japan’s majestic and sacred
mountain landscape, and as a result it has secured a spot as one of the world’s celebrated mountains.
Accordingly, it possesses Outstanding Universal Value.

b) Justification for Criteria
Criterion (iii)
The worship of the deities believed to reside on Fujisan served as the origin for traditions thatemphasized coexistence with the volcano and gratitude for the blessings it provides through thesprings and other natural attributes found at its base. The essence of those traditions has transcended
the ages and continues to be faithfully preserved to the present day, influencing the form and spirit ofcontemporary ascents of the mountain and pilgrimages to the sites on and at the base of Fujisan. The
diverse cultural assets engendered by Fujisan and the worship of it demonstrate that Fujisan is an
exceptional testimony to a living cultural tradition centered on mountains.

Criterion (iv)
Through a combination of religious practices centering on Fujisan since premodern times andartistic activity based on the viewing of the mountain, Fujisan came to be recognized by many people
as an outstanding example of a type of sacred and majestic mountain landscape typifying Japan, and as
a result, came to be confirmed in its position as one of the world’s celebrated mountains.

Criterion (vi)
The images of Fujisan in early 19th-century Ukiyo-e prints have appeared frequently as a motif inmany modern and contemporary works of Western art, demonstrating that these images of Fujisan
have not only had a significant impact on many Western works of art, but have established Fujisan as asymbol of Japan and Japanese culture throughout the world. Fujisan is thus an exceptional mountain,
directly and tangibly associated with artistic works of outstanding universal significance, and it
possesses the significance of having become a universal symbol of Japan and of Japanese culture.

c) Statement of Integrity
The totality of the nominated property not only includes all component parts and constituent
elements necessary to express Outstanding Universal Value in terms of Fujisan’s nature as an“object of worship”, but also is of adequate size to completely represent the attributes and processes
that convey the property’s significance. In addition, the scope of the nominated property includes allcomponent parts and constituent elements necessary to express its nature as a “source of artistic

inspiration”, including (1) the representative viewpoints for viewing Fujisan; and (2) the scenic
landscapes of the Fujisan Mountain Area that can be seen from these viewpoints. Accordingly, theproperty retains a high level of integrity.

d) Statement of Authenticity
Based on the attributes selected according to the nature of the individual component parts andconstituent elements of the nominated property, and the specific features included therein, each one
demonstrates a high level of authenticity.
The Fujisan Mountain Area (Component Part 1) possesses a high degree of authenticity based on its
attributes of “spirit” and “function.” In addition, the compounds and buildings of the Shinto shrines andthe “Oshi” Lodging Houses are all highly authentic based on their attributes of “form and design,”“materials and substance,” “traditions and techniques,” “location and setting,” and “use and function.”
And moreover, the lava tree molds, the lakes, the springs, the waterfalls, and other natural sites thatfeatureremains connected to the worship of Fujisan also maintain a high level of authenticity basedon their attributes of “form,” “location and setting,” “feeling,” and “use and function.”e) Requirements for Protection and Management
The nominated property has been officially designated as Important Cultural Properties, a Special
Place of Scenic Beauty, a Special Natural Monument, a Historic Site, Places of Scenic Beauty, andNatural Monuments, in addition to being designated as a National Park, and is also well preserved asa National Forest. The scenic landscape as seen from two scenic viewpoints has been preserved inexcellent condition as well.
Also, in terms of the buffer zone of the property, in addition to the protective measures describedabove, appropriate protection is provided in accordance with the Landscape Act and other relevantlaws and regulations.

In particular, no buffer zone is set up on the northwestern side of Lake

Motosuko (Constituent Element 1-9) and the eastern side of the Fujisan Mountain Area (Component
Part 1), since no impact on the view from within the property area is foreseen in light of the control
measures under the Yamanashi Prefecture Landscape Ordinance, topographical constraints defying
development, existing land uses in the neighboring areas, etc.
Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, as well as the relevant

municipal governments

included in the respective prefectures are working in cooperation with the relevant national
agencies—not only with the Agency for Cultural Affairs, which is the competent authority charged
with preserving and managing Japan’s cultural heritage properties, but also with the Ministry of theEnvironment, the Forestry Agency, and others—and have established the Fujisan World Cultural
Heritage Council to create a comprehensive management system for the property. This council isreceiving input from an academic committee of experts for the surveying, preservation andmanagement of Fujisan.
The “Fujisan Comprehensive Preservation and Management Plan”, which was established in
January 2012, covers the whole property and lays out not only methods for the preservation,
management, maintenance, and utilization of the nominated property overall and for each individualcomponent part based on its unique characteristics, but also the respective roles that the national andlocal public bodies and other relevant organizations should play.

Chapter 4
State of Conservation andFactors Affecting the Property

Section 4.a, "Present State of Conservation", is described in three parts: (1) the state ofconservation of the entire property and the surrounding environment; (2) the state of conservation ofindividual component parts and constituent elements as "places for worship-ascent and pilgrimage"from the perspective of an "object of worship"; and (3) the state of conservation of individualcomponent parts and constituent elements as "viewpoints and views" from the perspective of a"source of artistic inspiration"
Section 4.b, "Factors Affecting the Property", describes only factors that affect the entire property
and the surrounding environment. The factors that affect the individual component parts and theirconstituent elements are described in 4.a-1) and 4.a-2) together with their state of conservation.

4.a. Present State of Conservation
1) State of Conservation of the Entire Property and the Surrounding
Environment(i) Development and urban infrastructure
The area at the foot of the mountain is visited by many tourists, and tourist facilities such as
hotels, golf courses, and ski runs have been constructed. Also, facilities to strengthen the local
economy infrastructure, such as industrial parks, have been constructed [refer to Figure 4-1]. Acts
such as the construction, enlargement, and remodeling of these structures and buildings, alterations
to the existing landform, and the cutting of trees and bamboo are controlled under provisions inregulations concerning the scale, form, and structure (height, color, design, etc. of buildings
2other structure ), so that due consideration is given to harmony with the scenic landscape1and[refer to

the relevant section of 5. c] ).
In the surrounding areas of the residences of local people, the national government, Yamanashi
Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and relevant municipal governments carry out the construction ofcity infrastructure facilities such as roads and sewage.

During the construction of these facilities,

full consideration is given to the scenic beauty of the property and the preservation of undergroundarchaeological remains. The relocation of electric poles and underground installation of electriclines are to be implemented.

1

Buildings:

For the purposes of this nomination document, buildings represent "structures fixed on the ground (including t
having roofs as well as columns or walls; gates or fences attached thereto; structures used as grand-stands; or structure
offices, stores, play houses, warehouses or other facilities similar thereto established in underground or elevate(excluding those facilities which are provided within the site of a railway or tramway for the operation and maintenancewell as overbridges, platform sheds, storage tanks and other facilities thereto). Building equipment (facilities provided ibuilding for the purpose of electricity supply, gas supply, water supply, drainage, ventilation, heating, cooling, fire exting
smoke exhaust, or waste disposal; including chimneys, elevatory equipment and lightning rods) shall be considered asbuilding".
2

Other structures:

For the purposes of this nomination document, other structures mean "structures, other than buildings, which
continuously installed on the ground (underground or underwater) or on a building". However, because the scope of thedepending on the specific laws and regulations, the specific scope of the term is given in the summary of laws and regu
Attached Documents 1 and 2 of the "Fujisan Comprehensive Preservation and Management Plan", which is attached as
to the nomination document.

(ii) Environmental change(a) Acid rain
The Meteorological Agency, administrative bodies such as Yamanashi Prefecture and
Shizuoka Prefecture, and research institutes (including universities) conduct the continuous
observation of the amount of acid rain, monitor its impact on the component parts and theirconstituent elements, with a particular focus on buildings, and collect the data of the observation
results.

(b) Climate change
The permafrost conditions (which are said to be vulnerable to the effect of climate change)
and the speed of the forest limit rise are studied on a continuous basis by national research
institutes, including universities.

In addition, the Forestry Agency, Yamanashi Prefecture,

Shizuoka Prefecture, relevant municipal governments, other organizations, and privatecompanies are making efforts to maintain the sound functions of forests to absorb and sequester
carbon dioxide by, for example, conducting the thinning of trees appropriately.

(c) Wild animals’ damage to trees
Concerning Japanese deer’s feeding damage to standing trees, bamboo grass, and othergrasses, the Forestry Agency, Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and relevant
municipal governments are taking measures such as installing fences around the standing trees.
In addition, Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and relevant municipal governments
carry out patrol in order to identify the total number of deer and capture them for management
purposes in accordance to a plan.
Photo 4-1

Deer fence© Yamanashi Prefecture(iii) Natural Disasters and Risk Preparedness(a) Volcanic eruption and associated disasters
With regard to eruptions, administrative bodies such as the Meteorological Agency andresearch institutes including universities are conducting continuous observation. At the sametime, Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and relevant municipal governments prepareplans for the smooth and safe evacuation of local people and visitors.
In addition, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Yamanashi
Prefecture, and Shizuoka Prefecture are to take measures such as the installation of dams etc. andcollection of information through the monitoring of the movement of sand and soil, based on thepolicies of the Fujisan Volcano and Sand Erosion Disaster Prevention Plan prepared by the
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Yamanashi Prefecture, and Shizuoka
Prefecture, which consists of two plans to respond to eruptions and rainfall.

(b) Landslide, mud flow, and rock falls
With regard to landslides, mud flows, and rockfalls, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism plays a central role in the prevention of landform collapse and mud flows
to the downstream. A series of valley bed protection structures has been installed to inhibit
erosion and prevent the collapse of mountain slopes in the "Osawakuzure" area and theconstruction of sand control facilities aimed at the prevention of mud flow disasters at themountain foot, including sand control dams and sand retention fields [refer to Figure 4-2].
The Forestry Agency, Yamanashi Prefecture, and Shizuoka Prefecture have designated theforests including those in the surrounding areas of Osawakuzure etc. as the "conservation forest
for the prevention of erosion", restricting the cutting of trees etc., and have been constructing
facilities to prevent the erosion of valleys, solidify unstable sand, and prevent the spread of mud
flows in the lower valley areas where erosion and collapse continue as is most evident with
Osawakuzure.
In addition, Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture in charge of the management of
the ascending routes have set up levees, protective walls, and protective fences at necessary
points alongside the paths in order to protect climbers and other visitors from dangers such as
rockfalls [refer to Figure 4-2].
Photo 4-2 (top left) Osawakuzure and sand retention fields
Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism© Mount Fuji Sabo Office, Ministry of Land,

Photo 4-3 (top right) Osawakuzure and sand retention fields
Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism© Mount Fuji Sabo Office, Ministry of Land,

Photo 4-4 (bottom left) Sand erosion prevention facility at the mountain foot of Fujisan
Office, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Photo 4-5 (bottom right)

Protection wall for the safety of climbers© Mount Fuji Sabo

© PREC Institute Inc.

(c) Earthquake
The occurrence of earthquakes of the order of magnitude 8 in the near future is anticipated ina wide area of the coastal area to the west of the Kanto Region including Fujisan.

Of thoseearthquakes, as a countermeasure against the Tokai Earthquake, which is anticipated to take placein the area on Suruga Bay, the national government has prepared the Tokai Earthquake
Countermeasure Guidelines based on the Large-Scale Earthquake Countermeasures Special
Measurement Law and based on them the national government, Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka
Prefecture, and relevant municipal governments set up the observation system for the purpose of
forecasting the occurrence, the evacuation/alert system based on the forecast, and the disasterprevention facilities such as evacuation routes. At the same time, the national government,
Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and relevant municipal governments have individual
disaster prevention plans based on the Basic Law for Disaster Countermeasures to promote thedevelopment of the cities that can tolerate earthquakes and set up the method and procedure forthe dissemination of earthquake-related information at the individual administrative bodies, mass
media, etc.
With regard to the collapse of buildings due to earthquakes, the accurate assessment of theearthquake resistance of wooden buildings and measures such as additional structural
reinforcement are to be taken, as appropriate. When there is any damage to the property, theinformation on the status of damage will be shared and the recovery measures will be taken basedon the preservation and management system to be described in 5. e.

(d)Storm and flood damage
The owners of forests including the national government, Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka

Prefecture, and municipal governments, are to nurture the forests that suffered tree-fall damage
due to typhoons and take measures such as the selection of native species in planting trees inparticularly damaged areas.

In addition, as countermeasures against storms and floods,

Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and relevant municipal governments carry out thereinforcement of river facilities according to a plan. With regard to the buildings such as Shinto
shrines, the owners and the municipal governments that are designated as Custodial Bodies under
the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties take measures such as the inspection of the parts
that are susceptible to storm and flood damage and the early repair work.
Photo 4-6

Forest regeneration after blow down caused by the typhoon of 1996

(top) removal of blown-down trees (March 1997)(middle) planning of trees by the government officers and volunteers (June 1997)(bottom) Regenerated forest (September 2007)("Fujisan National Forest Typhoon Damage and 10 years of Recovery Work")(e) Fire
The Forestry Agency, Yamanashi Prefecture, and Shizuoka Prefecture are implementing thestrengthened level of the forest conservation patrol for the purpose of conserving and managing
the rich natural environment in close coordination with municipal governments and local firebrigades.

In addition, on the south side of Fujisan, Shizuoka Prefecture has built the "Fuji

Mountain Foot Line", which has a function as a fire-prevention forest road [refer to Figure 4-2].
Also, with regard to the prescribed field burning that is carried out in the grassland at themountain foot, fire prevention measures have been taken by Fujinomiya City and local residents’associations, including the installation of firebreak zones of sufficient width to prevent theunintended spread of fire.
With respect to the fires at the buildings such as shrine buildings, fire prevention facilities
such as automatic fire alarms have been installed and voluntary fire-fighting organizations havebeen organized by owners or the municipal governments that are designated as Custodial Bodies
under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties [refer to Figure 4-3 to 4-7] .
Photo 4-7 (left)

Fire-prevention forest road (Fuji Mountain Foot Line)© Fuji City

Photo 4-8 (right) Periodical fire-fighting drill at Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine
Sengen Taisha Shrine© Fujisan Hongu

(iv) Responsible Visitation to the World Heritage Sites(a) Climbers and other visitors
Because the Fujisan Mountain Area is a high area exceeding an altitude of 3,000 m, for thesafety of climbers, Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, Fujiyoshida City, and Fujinomiya
City, and relevant organizations have set up guidance and first-aid facilities along the ascending
routes, such as "Fujisan Comprehensive Guidance Center" (at the fifth station of the Fujinomiya
Ascending Route), "Fujisan Hygiene Center" (at the eighth station of the Fujinomiya Ascending
Route), "Fujisan Safety Guidance Center" (at the sixth station of the Yoshida Ascending Route),"Fujisan seventh Station Rescue Center" (at the seventh station of the Yoshida Ascending Route),
and "Fujisan Fujiyoshida eighth Station Rescue Center" (at the eighth station of the Yoshida
Ascending Route).

In addition, all of the mountain huts on the Fujinomiya Ascending Routeand the Yoshida Ascending Route are equipped with automated external defibrillators (AED) andthe passage route for a bulldozer is maintained for the transportation of injured or sick visitorsand doctors.
In addition, the Ministry of the Environment, other national agencies, Yamanashi Prefecture,
Shizuoka Prefecture, and relevant municipal governments have set up a system for the provisionof information and warnings, so that visitors can experience the nature and culture of Fujisansafely.
Photo 4-9 (left)
Inc.

Fujisan Safety Guidance Center (6th station of Yoshida Ascending Route)

Photo 4-10 (right)

AED installed in a mountain hut (Yoshida Ascending Route)© PREC Institute© Taishikan(b) Automobiles
The traffic congestion and the environmental load caused by the exhaust gas from visitors’automobiles are issues of concern. As a countermeasure to address this issue, Yamanashi
Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, relevant municipal governments, and relevant organizations
have worked together to tighten the regulation on the passage of private cars on each ascending
route mainly on Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays for a period of 15 to 26 days (in 2011) during
the July-August climbing season and to provide shuttle bus transportation service between
parking lots around Fuji Subaru Line, Fujisan Sky Line, and Fuji Azami Line and the fifth stationof the Yoshida Ascending Route, Fujinomiya Ascending Route, and Subashiri Ascending Routein an effort to minimize the environmental impact of transportation to the extent possible[referto Figure 5-8].
Photo 4-11

Parking lot in the mountain foot area and shuttle buses© Yamanashi Prefecture(c) Waste
The issue of wastes that are left in the mountain area higher than the fifth station has been
pointed out as a negative impact upon the property. However, Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka
Prefecture, relevant municipal governments, private companies and local people have worked
together, periodically conducting cleaning activities and reaching out to climbers and visitors forattention to better manners. As a result, more visitors bring back garbage and the amount ofwaste around ascending routes is decreasing significantly. In addition, in response to the illegal
dumping of waste alongside the roads around the mountain-foot area, measures have been takenby the national government, Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and relevant municipal
governments, such as the installation of surveillance cameras on the roads and the cleaning
activities.
Photo 4-12

Clean-up activities at the mountaintop© Yamanashi Prefecture(d) Human waste
As a measure concerning the human waste of climbers, the Ministry of the Environment,
Yamanashi

Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, relevant municipal governments, relevantorganizations, and mountain huts had upgraded all the toilets from the fifth station to the summit
to environmentally conscious toilets such as biological decomposition toilets by 2006,
successfully reducing the environmental load on Fujisan. The maintenance of individual toilets
is properly taken care of by those who installed

respective toilets in order to respond to theincrease of climbers and other visitors as well as the difficult conditions posed by the severe
natural environment.
Photo 4-13

Biological decomposition toilet on Fujisan© Yamanashi Prefecture

Biological decomposition toilets
Photo 4-14 (left)

Incineration-based system© Shizuoka Prefecture

Photo 4-15 (middle)

Sawdust-based system© Iwahori Keisuke

Photo 4-16 (right)

Oyster shell-based system© Iwahori Keisuke(v) Others
A wide area on the northeastern and southeastern slopes of Fujisan outside the property area andthe buffer zone are in use as Japan Ground Self-Defense Force’s North Fuji Maneuver Field(Yamanashi Prefecture), East Fuji Maneuver Field (Shizuoka Prefecture), Kitafuji Camp,
Nashigahara Barracks, Fuji School, and Takigahara Camp (hereinafter referred to as "maneuver
fields etc.") for reasons of national defense.

Particularly in the areas used as the North Fuji

Maneuver Field and the East Fuji Maneuver Field, activities such as grass harvesting and forestry
operation are continued still now by Yamanashi Prefecture, the Association for the Protection ofPrefectural Property Forests in Fujiyoshida City and Two Villages Organization for the Protection of
the Prefectural Estates Given by the Imperial Family, Higashi Fuji Commonage Association, othercommonage associations, property wards and corporations that are owners of land, etc. Therefore,
the land use not only as the maneuver field but also by local people’s organizations has, as a result,been playing an important role in protecting these areas from uncontrolled development.
The existence of the maneuver fields etc. has caused no negative impact on the act of mountainclimbing by approximately 300,000 people who aim for the summit every year. In addition,
because the areas of the maneuver fields etc. are not visible from the two representative viewpoints
on the northwestern shore of Lake Motosuko (Nakanokura Pass) and the Mihonomatsubara pine tree

grove, the maneuver fields etc. do not cause negative impact on the views of Fujisan, either.

2) State of Conservation of Individual Component Parts and Constituent
Elements as "Places for Worship-Ascent and Pilgrimage" from the
Perspective of an "Object of Worship"
Component Part 1. Fujisan Mountain Area
The state of conservation of the area of the property ranging from the summit of Fujisan and themountain area to the mountain foot is extremely good at present.
At the source of the Osawagawa River on the western side of the Fujisan Mountain Area,
continuous landslides have been occurring since some 1,000 years ago, forming a large-scalelandslide area called "Osawakuzure".

On the southwestern slope of Fujisan, including

Osawakuzure, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism is continually conducting
measures to prevent the expansion of the landslide etc. for the purpose of preventing
landslide-caused disasters.
In the Fujisan Mountain Area, there exist mountain huts and the routes for the passage ofbulldozers that are used for the purposes of maintaining the environmentally conscious bio-treatment
toilets, transporting wastes, and carrying injured or sick people and doctors in emergency.
However, their size and use are kept to the minimum necessary level.
It has been pointed out that the discharge of human wastes from toilets and the littering of
garbage by the increasing number of climbers and other visitors negatively affect the environment of
Fujisan; however, as a result of the installation of environmentally conscious toilets etc. such as
bio-treatment toilets by the Ministry of the Environment, Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture,
relevant municipal governments, relevant organizations, and individual mountain huts, the issue ofhuman waste discharge has been resolved. Also, the situation of the garbage that is left in themountain area higher than the fifth station has improved significantly due to the raising of theawareness of climbers and other visitors for the conservation of Fujisan.

Constituent Element 1-1. Mountaintop Worship Sites
Although the stone monuments that constitute the mountaintop worship sites are exposed to thesevere climate conditions, the present state of conservation is good without particular needs forrepair work or other interventions.

Since the shrine buildings that are wooden structures areinevitably to suffer impairment, it is necessary to conduct repair works, as appropriate.

Constituent Element 1-2. Omiya-Murayama Ascending Route (present Fujinomiya
Ascending Route)
The area along the Omiya-Murayama Ascending Route above the sixth station, which isincluded in the property area, maintains a good scenic landscape and Shizuoka Prefecture isconducting the maintenance work properly as the road administrator. The present state ofconservation is good.

Constituent Element 1-3. Suyama Ascending Route (present Gotemba Ascending Route)
The section of the Suyama Ascending Route above the 2.8th station point, which is included inthe property area, is maintained by Shizuoka Prefecture in its responsibility as the roadadministrator. The present state of conservation is good. The section of the ascending routenear the first station is maintained as a walking trail in a good state of conservation.

Constituent Element 1-4. Subashiri Ascending RouteIn the Subashiri Ascending Route, there are parts that were restored for the purposes of theprevention of damage to the ascending routes from land collapse; however, Shizuoka Prefecture
carries out maintenance work properly in its responsibility as the road administrator. The present
state of conservation is good. The flatland of the "Hinomigozen", which has historically beenused as the spot for worshipping the sunrise at the ninth station, remains in good condition.

Inaddition, the Mukaekusushi-jinja Shrine, which is located near the ascending route at the ninth
station, needs roofing repair and the owner of the shrine, Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine (Subashiri
Sengen-jinja Shrine) is planning to carry out repair works in 2012.

Constituent Element 1-5. Yoshida Ascending RouteThe Yoshida Ascending Route has parts that were restored in response to erosion caused byrainfalls etc.

However, Yamanashi Prefecture in charge of the maintenance of the road carriesout daily maintenance work and it remains in good condition at present.

Constituent Element 1-6. Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine
The landforms, shrine buildings, stone monuments, etc. showing the land divisions of theshrine compound are maintained through periodical maintenance and repair works by the owner.
Besides, automatic fire alarms, fire extinguishers, etc. are installed particularly for shrine buildings.
Therefore the present state of conservation is good [refer to Figure 4-3].
In addition, shrine forests that function also as the wind-break forests are properly maintained
through pruning etc. on a regular basis by the owner, with a view to reducing damage fromtyphoons etc.
At present, in order to address the chronic traffic congestion and increase the safety ofpedestrians, it is planned to expand the width of National Route 138, which passes to the north of
the shrine compound.

However, the principles and methods of the road construction that arecompatible with the conservation of roadside environment, solution to traffic problems, andregional development are being examined by the "Fuji North Side Area Traffic Problem Solution
Committee", consisting of the national government, Yamanashi

Prefecture, municipal

governments, and experts, with a view to maintaining the good surrounding environment of theshrine compounds and ensuring no negative impact on the shrine compound [refer to Figure 4-8].
Photo 4-17

Present Route 138

Constituent Element 1-7. Lake Saiko
The present state of conservation is good.

Lake Saiko is used for leisure activities such as

fishing and the lake water is used for hydroelectric power generation.

Currently, the appropriate

use of the whole "Fujigoko" (Fuji Five Lakes), including Lake Saiko, is under discussion throughcollaboration of Yamanashi Prefecture, Fujikawaguchiko Town, and local people.

Constituent Element 1-8. Lake Shojiko
The present state of conservation is good.
fishing and canoeing.

Lake Shojiko is used for leisure activities such as

Currently, the appropriate use of the whole "Fujigoko" (Fuji Five Lakes)

including Lake Shojiko, is under discussion through collaboration of Yamanashi Prefecture
Fujikawaguchiko Town, and local people.

Constituent Element 1-9. Lake Motosuko
The present state of conservation is good.

Lake Motosuko is used for leisure activities suchas fishing and windsurfing and the lake water is used for hydroelectric power generation.

Inaddition, based on the Natural Parks Law, the use of motor boats is restricted throughout the lake.
Currently, the appropriate use of the whole "Fujigoko" (Fuji Five Lakes), including Lake
Motosuko, is under discussion through collaboration of Yamanashi Prefecture, Minobu Town,
Fujikawaguchiko Town, and local people.

Component Part 2. Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine
The landforms, shrine buildings, stone monuments, etc. showing the land divisions of the shrinecompound are maintained through periodical maintenance and repair works by the owner. Besides,
automatic fire alarms, fire extinguishers, etc. are installed particularly for shrine buildings. The
present state of conservation is good [refer to Figure 4-4].
With regard to Wakutamaike Pond, which is located in the eastern end of the shrine compound, it
generally remains in good condition; however, because algae have propagated, measures to prevent
their further expansion are under discussion by experts.

Component Part 3. Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrine
The present state of conservation is good.

However, because only a small number of themilestones that were built alongside the "Goshinkomichi", which connected the Fujisan Hongu
Sengen Taisha Shrine with the Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrine, remains, Fujinomiya City is toconduct appropriate maintenance and repair works at their original locations.

Because the view

from the shrine compound through to the summit of Fujisan is extremely important in understanding
the relation between this Shinto shrine and Fujisan, local people are trimming part of the trees in aneffort to maintain the view of Fujisan.

Component Part 4. Murayama Sengen-jinja Shrine
The present state of conservation is good.

For old-growth trees that exist within the shrinecompound, the owner carried out periodical maintenance work as pruning. With regard to theablution spot in the eastern part of the shrine compound, a comprehensive research is to beconducted in the future to identify the water source and the course of water flow and restoration
work will be conducted based on the results.

Component Part 5. Suyama Sengen-jinja Shrine
The owner is currently rebuilding the old and decayed prayer-giving hall and offering hall. The
present state of conservation is generally good. Within the shrine compound, there are 22 giant
trees older than 500 years and worship-related archaeological remains, such as shrine buildings andstone structures, for which appropriate maintenance and management are carried out by the Suyama
Sengen-jinja Shrine.

For the purposes of enhancing the convenience of local people, theconstruction of a road is planned in the adjacent area to the west of the shrine compound; however,no particular negative impact on the landscape around the Shinto shrine is envisaged.

Component Part 6. Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine (Subashiri Sengen-jinja Shrine)
Because the owner conducts the maintenance and repair works on a regular basis, the present
state of conservation is good. The many giant trees that exist within the Shrine compound andstone monuments etc. related to Fuji-ko groups remain in good condition.

Component Part 7. Kawaguchi Asama-jinja Shrine
The present state of conservation is good. The owner carries out periodic maintenance andrepair works for the large torii gate, the middle gate, the prayer-giving hall, and the main hall.

Inaddition, the shrine forest, including "seven cedar trees" that exceed 40 m height, maintains theexcellent scenic landscape as a spiritual spot.

Component Part 8. Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine
The owner carries out periodical maintenance and repair works of the shrine compound andshrine buildings and the present state of conservation of the whole shrine compound is good.
In addition, shrine forests that function also as the wind-break forests are properly maintained, inan effort to reduce damage from typhoons etc.

Component Part 9. "Oshi" Lodging House (Former House of the Togawa Family)
Among the two "Oshi" lodging houses, the Former House of the Togawa Family was given alarge-scale preservation repair works from 2006 to 2007 by Fujiyoshida City in its responsibility as
the owner of the house.

Daily maintenance works and inspection are conducted by the members of

the Friends of the House of the Togawa Family, consisting of volunteer guides, under the guidanceof Fujiyoshida City. In addition, automatic fire alarms etc. are installed and the fire prevention
system is fully in place [refer to Figure 4-6] . Therefore, the present state of conservation is good.
Future repair works are planned, including measures against earthquakes such as structural
reinforcement, based on the accurate assessment of the wooden buildings’ earthquake resistance.
Since April 2008, the precincts and the inside of the building have been open to the public andinterpretation for visitors is provided by the members of the Friends of the House of the Togawa
Family so that visitors can learn about the activities of “Oshi” guides.

Component Part 10. "Oshi" Lodging House (House of the Osano Family)
Among the "Oshi" lodging houses, the owner carries out daily maintenance work for the Houseof the Osano Family, including repair of pillars and wooden walls and the installation of theautomatic fire alarm. The present state of conservation is good [refer to Figure 4-7] . The house
is currently used as a residence of the owner; neither the precinct nor the building is open to the
public.

Component Part 11. Lake Yamanakako
The present state of conservation is good.

Lake Yamanakako is used for leisure activities suchas fishing and yachting and the lake water is used for hydroelectric power generation.

Currently,

the appropriate use of the whole "Fujigoko" (Fuji Five Lakes), including Lake Yamanakako, is underdiscussion through collaboration of Yamanashi Prefecture, Yamanakako Village, and local people.

Component Part 12. Lake Kawaguchiko
The present state of conservation is good.

Lake Kawaguchiko is used for leisure activities suchas fishing and boating and the lake water is used for hydroelectric power generation. Currently, theappropriate use of the whole "Fujigoko" (Fuji Five Lakes), including Lake Kawaguchiko, is underdiscussion through collaboration of Yamanashi Prefecture, Fujikawaguchiko Town, and local
people.

Component Part 13. Oshino Hakkai springs (Deguchiike Pond)
Component Part 14. Oshino Hakkai springs (Okamaike Pond)
Component Part 15. Oshino Hakkai springs (Sokonashiike Pond)
Component Part 16. Oshino Hakkai springs (Choshiike Pond)
Component Part 17. Oshino Hakkai springs (Wakuike Pond)
Component Part 18. Oshino Hakkai springs (Nigoriike Pond)
Component Part 19. Oshino Hakkai springs (Kagamiike Pond)
Component Part 20. Oshino Hakkai springs (Shobuike Pond)
The eight small springs, which were the places where people purified themselves before making
the ascent of Fujisan, generally remain in good condition; however, a decrease in water quantity andartificial morphological modifications are identified in some ponds.

In addition, there are someissues to be solved with respect to the surrounding environment appropriate for a spiritual spot, suchas the proximity of souvenir shops and residential buildings. Therefore, Oshino Village has
prepared the preservation and management plan for the group of springs as a Natural Monument andthe landscape plan based on the Landscape Act for a large area including the surrounding
environment.

It has been taking improvement measures on a step-by-step basis, including themaintenance of the view of Fujisan from springs by relocating electric poles and installing electriclines underground.

Component Part 21. Funatsu lava tree molds
Daily maintenance works are carried out by Fujikawaguchiko Town, which is designated as theCustodial Body of the Natural Monument, and the owner association; it remains in good condition atpresent. With the Utsumuro Sengen-jinja Shrine at the entry, the setting as a spiritual spot has been
maintained. A large number of people come to enter the cave not only for worship purposes but
also for nature education and/or sightseeing. As the lava tree molds are narrow, visitors are guided
to enter and exit the cave in a one-way passage.

Component Part 22. Yoshida lava tree molds
Daily maintenance works are carried out by Fujiyoshida City, which is designated as the
Custodial Body of the Natural Monument, together with the Fujisan North Side Oshi Group, which
has historically been taking care of them. Therefore, it remains in good condition at present.
A strict management is applied by setting a door at the entrance to the lave tree molds, whichplays the central role as a spiritual spot, which is locked except for special occasions such as
festivals.

Component Part 23. Hitoana Fuji-ko Iseki
Although there are some impaired monuments within the archaeological site, the internal spaceof the wind cave that is said to have been the place where Hasegawa Kakugyo confined himself for
1,000 days to undergo ascetic religious training such as keeping standing on the cut end of avertically erected rectangular timber remains in good condition.

Component Part 24. Shiraito no Taki waterfalls
Although there are erosions of the natural landform caused by the water flow of the Shibakawa
River and the spring water spouting out from various places of the cliff walls around the basin, there
is no negative impact on the entire landscape. With regard to shops and storehouses in theimmediate proximity to the waterfalls, Fujinomiya City is to take comprehensive measures,
including the possibilities of their removal and/or relocation, in agreement with their owners.

3) State of Conservation of Individual Component Parts and Constituent
Elements as "Viewpoints and Views" from the Perspective of a "Source ofArtistic Inspiration"(i) North-western shore of Lake Motosuko (Nakanokura Pass)(a) Viewpoint
Nakanokura Pass on the north-western shore of Lake Motosuko is a viewpoint from which it
is possible to have an excellent view of Fujisan extending from its summit down to the shore of
Lake Motosuko.

Because the ascending route from the lake shore is steeply sloped, the numberof people who visit Nakanokura Pass is limited and the present state of conservation is good.

(b) View
The view of Fujisan from the north-western shore of Lake Motosuko (Nakanokura Pass) has
been maintained without much change to that of the original photo that was used as the design onthe bank notes of Japan.

It remains in an extremely good state of conservation.

In order tomaintain such excellent view, the national government, Yamanashi Prefecture, and relevant
municipal governments are making continuous efforts to maintain and conserve the landform andvegetation and to regulate the visually obstructive elements.

(ii) Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove(a) Viewpoint
The Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove is a viewpoint commanding a view of Fujisan in unity
with the scenic landscape of white sand and green pine.

However, because the supply of sand tothe beach decreased due to the sand mining etc. in the Abekawa River nearby and erosion of thebeach by the sea current was also feared, Shizuoka Prefecture took measures to supply sandartificially in order to maintain and recover the beach and to install the necessary and minimum
level of facilities such as artificial headlands and L-shaped breakwaters to prevent the loss ofsand from the beach. At present, the supply of sand from the river has been coming back due tothe decrease in sand mining in the Abekawa River and for other reasons; and the beach is
gradually recovering from the river mouth of the Abekawa River to the northeast.
Besides, Shizuoka Prefecture has prepared regional disaster prevention plan and has been
implementing the installation of facilities for seacoast conservation.
In addition, because damage from the pine wood nematode has been observed in the pine tree
grove, preventive chemical injection into individual tree trunks has been conducted by Shizuoka
City and NPOs, as well as the chemical spraying over the entire grove by Shizuoka City.
Furthermore, Shizuoka City removes the dead trees without delay and plants new trees incollaboration with local private companies.

(b) View
The view of the Fujisan Mountain Area from the viewpoint on the Mihonomatsubara pine tree
grove is in a good state of conservation.

Since the distance from the Mihonomatsubara pine tree

grove to the Fujisan Mountain Area is as long as approximately 45 km in a straight line and thehuge surface of the sea lies between them, visual impact of the densely populated areas of the
opposite shore on the scenic landscape (urban areas of Fuji City) is extremely small. That is thereason why these areas are not included in the scope of property area. With regard to the sea
surface, it is not possible to foresee developments that have negative impacts such as land
reclamation; with regard to the view of the densely-populated urban areas, the situation has been
improving as a result of the efforts by Shizuoka Prefecture and Fuji City to remove highchimneys that have come out of use.
continues to be regulated.

Currently, the height of buildings and other structures

Therefore, the view of the Fujisan Mountain Area from theMihonomatsubara pine tree grove is maintained in good condition.
In addition, the view of the Fujisan Mountain Area from the Mihonomatsubara pine tree
grove has been in an extremely good state of conservation through the control of development
activities that have the potential of negative impact on the Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove
and/or the Fujisan Mountain Area under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties and theNatural Parks Law as well as the appropriate administration and management of the Fujisan
Mountain Area as a National Forest by the national government under the Law on the
Administration and Management of National Forests.
Photo 4-18
Inc.

Aerial view of Fujisan and Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove from southwest© PREC Institute4.b. Factors Affecting the Property(i) Development Pressures
The development pressures that have the potential of negatively affecting the property include theconstruction of hotels and other tourist facilities and the invitation of businesses to industrial parks at
the mountain foot area. Around the local people’s residential areas, the construction of urban
infrastructure facilities such as roads and sewage is envisaged.

(ii) Environmental Pressures
The environmental pressures that have the potential of negatively affecting the property include
acid rain, climate change, and wild animals’ feeding damage to trees.

(a) Acid rain
At present, there are no reports of damage from acid rain.
cause the deterioration

However, it is feared that it might

and /or corrosion to stone monuments that constitute the mountaintop

worship sites and/or the buildings such as those of Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples.

(b) Climate change
It has been found that, due to climate change, the continuous permafrost of Fujisan has
become discontinuous. The possibilities of changes such as the accelerated forest limit rise andvegetation change have been pointed out.

(c) Wild animals’ feeding damage to trees
In the surrounding area of the Fujisan Mountain Area, Japanese deer’s etc. feeding damage tostanding trees has been reported.

In addition, feeding damage to bamboo grass and othergrasses has also been reported, although the damage is smaller in scale as compared with that tothe standing trees.

(iii) Natural Disasters and Risk Preparedness
The natural disasters that are foreseen to occur in the property area and its surrounding
environment include the volcanic eruption of Fujisan and its associated disasters as well as landslide,rock falls, earthquake, storm, flood, and fire.

(a) Volcanic eruption and associated disasters
Fujisan is an active volcano and it is anticipated that natural disasters such as eruption, its
associated cinders, pyroclastic flows, pyroclastic surges, lava flows, snow-melt type volcanic
mud flows, ash fall, and mud flows caused by rain after ash fall might affect the property and/or
landscape.

(b) Landslide, mud flow, and rock falls
In the sloped area of the Fujisan Mountain Area, the erosion of landforms by landslides andmud flows and the occurrence of rockfalls are anticipated.

(c) Earthquake
The occurrence of an earthquake of the order of magnitude 8 is anticipated in the near future
in a wide area of the coastal area to the west of the Kanto Region, including Fujisan.

In theevent of the earthquake, the occurrence of tsunamis is also foreseen. When the Ansei Tokai
Earthquake of magnitude 8.4 took place on 23 December 1854, the tsunami of a height of about
1.2 m was recorded. Also, the impact on the property such as the collapse of buildings such as
those of shrines due to earthquake is also anticipated.

(d) Storm and flood damage
As the damage from storms and floods, tree blow down due to typhoons and the collapse
and/or submergence of buildings such as shrine buildings due to storm and floods are anticipated.

(e) FireAs the damage from fire, forest fires in the Fujisan Mountain Area and the unexpected spreadof a fire on the occasion of the prescribed field burning that is periodically carried out in thegrassland at the mountain foot are anticipated.

In addition, fires at the buildings such as shrinebuildings are also anticipated.

(iv) Responsible Visitation at World Heritage Property
The factors that have the potential of negatively affecting the property include the increase of
climbers and other visitors, the environmental impact of automobiles, and the wastes from climbers
and other visitors.
The statistics of visitation are shown in Tables 4-1 to 4-3.

In the mountain foot area, networksof railroads including the Shinkansen and roads including expressways are in place, providing aneasy access.

From the parking lots at the mountain foot, visitors mainly use shuttle bus services tothe fifth station, from which they walk to the mountaintop.

(a) Climbers and other visitors
At present, there are some 300,000 visitors who climb to the mountaintop area every year in
the climbing season from July to August.

Some 1,200,000 people visit the fifth stations of theascending routes in the climbing season, and approximately 16,000,000 people, including
climbers, visit the mountain-foot area every year. And they are increasing.

Because the area

beyond the eighth station is a high-altitude area exceeding the height of 3,000 m above sea level,
the continual improvement of the provision of information to climbers, the safety of climbers,
and the emergency life-saving system is needed.
In addition, due consideration needs to be given to the fact that the ascent of Fujisan in thesummertime maintains the tradition of the public mountain-climbing that originated from theworship-ascent by Fuji-ko adherents in the Early Modern Period and therefore constitutes animportant part of the Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan.

(b) Automobiles
The annual average number of automobiles used by the visitors who come to the fifth station
over the five-year period from 2006 to 2010 reaches some 430,000 (rerutn trips) on the Fuji
Subaru Line and some 120,000 (one-way trips) on the Fujisan Sky Line; the environmental loadfrom exhaust gas and traffic congestion is an issue of concern.

(c) Waste
The wastes left by climbers and other visitors and the illegal dumping of wastes in theroad-side areas at the mountain foot are issues of concern.

(d) Human waste
The treatment of human wastes of visitors who climb to the mountaintop is an issue.

Table 4-1

Change in the number of visitors to major component parts (incl. estimates) / Unit: people

Year

Around Lake
Saiko, Lake
Shojiko, and Lake
Motosuko

Around Fujisan
Hongu Sengen
Taisha Shrine

Around Lake
Yamanakako andOshino Hakkai
springs

AroundFujiyoshida,
Lake Kawaguchiko,and Mitsutoge

Shiraito no Takiwaterfalls

Mihonomatsubara
pine tree grove

2005

2,990,866

1,030,000

3,736,182

5,965,307

480,247

538,1052006

2,956,876

1,324,396

3,590,901

6,195,826

520,880

603,970

2007

3,188,573

1,532,142

3,564,707

6,393,117

519,279

646,8982008

3,377,859

1,517,059

3,440,314

6,444,140

517,437

669,959

2009

3,453,929

1,381,385

3,663,506

6,334,873

484,248

713,1042010

1,780,097

1,341,505

834,482

4,693,954

443,841

578,536* Based on the survey and statistics of Yamanashi Prefecture Tourism Planning and Local ProductPromotion Division, Fujinomiya City Tourist Association, and Shizuoka City Tourist City Promotion
Division. Due to the change in the calculation method for the area around Lake Saiko, Lake Shojiko, andLake Motosuko, the area around Lake Yamanakako and Oshino Hakkai springs, and the area aroundFujiyoshida, Lake Kawaguchiko, and Mitsutoge Pass in 2010, the data up to 2009 and those in 2010
should be compared on the understanding that they are based on different calculation methods.
Table 4-2 Change in the number of visitors to Fujisan (visitors to the fifth station of each ascending route in Julyand August) / Unit: people
Year

Present
Fujinomiya
Ascending Route

Present
Gotemba
Ascending RouteSubashiri
Ascending RouteYoshidaAscending Route2005

166,347

20,600106,952

571,994

865,8932006

217,400

21,29097,407

749,617

1,085,714

2007

365,249

18,320101,246

813,478

1,298,293

2008

420,206

21,002

118,111925,949

1,485,268

2009

189,894

22,244

118,651

904,475

1,235,2642010

212,868

25,968

121,607901,212

1,261,655

Total* Based on the survey and statistics of Yamanashi Prefecture Tourism Planning and Local ProductPromotion Division, Fujinomiya City Tourist Association, Gotemba City Division of Commerce andTourism, and Oyama Town Division of Industry and Tourism. Due to the change in the calculation
method for the Yoshida Ascending Route in 2010, the data up to 2009 and those in 2010 should becompared on the understanding that they are based on different calculation methods.
Table 4-3
Change in the number of visitors to Fujisan (visitors to the eighth station of each ascending route inJuly and August) / Unit: people
Year

Present
Fujinomiya
Ascending Route

Present
Gotemba
Ascending RouteSubashiri
Ascending RouteYoshidaAscending Route2005

57,962

8,667

25,416108,247

200,292

2006

61,611

9,232

30,536

119,631

221,010

2007

54,011

11,15733,394

132,980

231,5422008

64,034

16,62452,323

172,369

305,350

2009

67,590

11,39043,861

169,217

292,058

2010

78,614

9,845

48,196

184,320

320,975

2011

72,441

15,75840,179165,038

293,416

Total* Based on the Ministry of the Environment’s infrared counters at the eighth stations (data were notobtained for 14 days for the Gotemba Ascending Route in 2010; data were not obtained for a period
between a few hours and two days for Yoshida, Fujinomiya, and Subashiri Ascending Routes due tolightning and typhoon etc. in 2011).

(v) Number of Inhabitants within the Property and the Buffer Zone
Estimated populations located within:
Area of nominated property :163
Buffer zone
: 82,480
Total: 82,643
Year: 2011
Table 4-4No.

Number of Inhabitants within the property and the buffer zone
Component parts and their constituent elements

Inhabitants
within the areaof property

Inhabitants
withinbuffer zone

Total

79,99980,162

2,481

2,481

Fujisan Mountain Area

1

1-1

Mountaintop worship sites

1-2

Omiya-Murayama Ascending Route (present
Fujinomiya Ascending Route)

1-3

Suyama Ascending Route (present Gotemba
Ascending Route)

1-4

Subashiri Ascending Route

1-5

Yoshida Ascending Route

1-6

Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine

1-7Lake Saiko

1-8

Lake Shojiko

1-9Lake Motosuko

162

2

Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine

03

Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrine

04Murayama Sengen-jinja Shrine

05Suyama Sengen-jinja Shrine

06Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine (Subashiri Sengen-jinja Shrine)

0

7

Kawaguchi Asama-jinja Shrine

08Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine

09"Oshi" Lodging House (Former House of the Togawa Family)

010"Oshi" Lodging House (House of the Osano Family)

1

11

Lake Yamanakako

012Lake Kawaguchiko

013

Oshino Hakkai springs (Deguchiike Pond)

014

Oshino Hakkai springs (Okamaike Pond)

015

Oshino Hakkai springs (Sokonashiike Pond)0

16

Oshino Hakkai springs (Choshiike Pond)

017

Oshino Hakkai springs (Wakuike Pond)

018

Oshino Hakkai springs (Nigoriike Pond)

019

Oshino Hakkai springs (Kagamiike Pond)

020

Oshino Hakkai springs (Shobuike Pond)

0

21

Funatsu lava tree molds

022

Yoshida lava tree molds

023

Hitoana Fuji-ko Iseki

024

Shiraito no Taki waterfalls

025

Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove0(vi) Others
The existence of military maneuver fields etc. in the mountain foot areas to the northeast andsoutheast of Fujisan does not have any negative impact on the climbing activities of approximately
300,000 people who aim for the summit every year. Also, they are not visible from the two
representative viewpoints of Fujisan: i.e., the northwestern shore of Lake Motosuko (Nakanokura
Pass) and the Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove; therefore, there is no negative impact on the viewsof Fujisan, either.
Activities carried out within the maneuver fields, including real bullet shooting, are necessary
from the perspective of national defense and other training activities are important for disaster rescue
missions, too. These activities do not have negative impact on the act of mountain climbing which
has a significant meaning from the perspective of Fujisan as an "object of worship" or on the viewsof the Fujisan Mountain Area from the two viewpoints that have a significant meaning from theperspective of Fujisan as a "source of artistic inspiration".
Photo 4-19

Aerial view of Fujisan from southeast© PREC Institute Inc.

Chapter 5
Protection and Management of the Property

5.a. Ownership
The location and ownership of the component parts and their constituent elements are shown
below.
Table 5-1-1 The location and ownership of the component parts and their constituent elements (1/3)
No.

1Component parts andtheir constituent
elements

Location

OwnersFujisan Mountain Area

Yamanashi Prefecture(Fujiyoshida City, Minobu
Town, Narusawa-mura, andFujikawaguchiko Town)
Shizuoka Prefecture(Fujinomiya City, Fuji City,
Susono City, Gotemba City,
and Oyama Town)

8 organizations (Religious Organization Fujisan
Hongu Sengen Taisha, Religious Organization
Fuji
Omuro
Sengen-jinja,
Religious
Organization
Kitaguchi
Hongu
Fuji
Sengen-jinja, 2 religious associations, and 3companies), 162 individuals, 5 government
agencies (Ministry of Finance, Ministry ofLand, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism,
Ministry of the Environment, Forestry Agency,
and Meteorological Agency), Yamanashi
Prefecture, Fujiyoshida City, FujikawaguchikoTown, and Oyama Town

1-1

Mountaintop
worship sites1

Yamanashi Prefecture and
Shizuoka Prefecture

1 organization (Religious Organization Fujisan
Hongu Sengen Taisha) and 2 government
agencies (Ministry of the Environment andMeteorological Agency)

1-2

Omiya-Murayama
Ascending Route(present
Fujinomiya
Ascending Route)Fujinomiya City, Shizuoka
Prefecture

1 organization (Religious Organization Fujisan
Hongu Sengen Taisha) and 2 government
agencies (Ministry of Finance and Forestry
Agency)1-3

Suyama Ascending
Route (present
Gotemba Ascending
Route)

Gotemba City, Shizuoka
Prefecture

1 organization (Religious Organization Fujisan
Hongu Sengen Taisha) and 2 government
agencies (Ministry of Finance and Forestry
Agency)1-4

Subashiri
Ascending RouteOyama Town, Shizuoka
Prefecture

1 organization (Religious Organization Fujisan
Hongu Sengen Taisha) and 2 government
agencies (Ministry of Finance and Forestry
Agency)Fujiyoshida City andFujikawaguchiko Town,
Yamanashi Prefecture

8 organizations (Religious Organization Fujisan
Hongu Sengen Taisha, Religious Organization
Fuji
Omuro
Sengen-jinja,
Religious
Organization
Kitaguchi
Hongu
Fuji
Sengen-jinja, 2 religious associations, and 3companies), 75 individuals, 2 government
agencies (Ministry of Finance and Forestry
Agency), Yamanashi Prefecture, Fujiyoshida
City, and Fujikawaguchiko Town

1-5

Yoshida Ascending
Route

1

1-6

Kitaguchi
Hongu
Fuji
Sengen-jinja
ShrineFujiyoshida City, Yamanashi
Prefecture1
organization(Religious
Organization
Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja)

1-7

Lake Saiko

Fujikawaguchiko Town,
Yamanashi Prefecture

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport andTourism

1-8Lake Shojiko

Fujikawaguchiko Town,
Yamanashi Prefecture

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport andTourism

1-9Lake Motosuko

Minobu Town andFujikawaguchiko Town,
Yamanashi Prefecture

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport andTourism and Yamanashi Prefecture

In this area, there is a section without a clearly drawn prefectural boundary

Table 5-1-2 The location and ownership of the component parts and their constituent elements (2/3)
No.

Component parts andtheir constituent
elements2

Fujisan Hongu
Taisha Shrine

3Location

OwnersSengenFujinomiya
PrefectureCity,

Shizuoka

1 organization (Religious Organization
Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha)

Yamamiya
ShrineSengen-jinja

Fujinomiya
PrefectureCity,

Shizuoka

1 organization (Religious
Yamamiya Sengen-jinja)

Murayama
ShrineSengen-jinja

Fujinomiya
PrefectureCity,

Shizuoka

2 organizations (Religious Organization
Murayama Sengen-jinja and Religious
Organization Dainichido) and FujinomiyaCity

5

SuyamaShrineSengen-jinja

SusonoPrefectureCity,

Shizuoka

1 organization (Religious Organization
Suyama Sengen-jinja) and 1 individual

Fuji
Sengen-jinja
Shrine(Subashiri
Sengen-jinja Shrine)

Oyama
Town,
Prefecture

Shizuoka

6

1 organization (Religious Organization Fuji
Sengen-jinja) and Oyama Town

Kawaguchi
ShrineAsama-jinja

Fujikawaguchiko
Yamanashi Prefecture

Town,

1 organization (Religious Organization
Kawaguchi
Asama-jinja)
andFujikawaguchiko Town

8

Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja
ShrineFujikawaguchiko
Yamanashi Prefecture

Town,

1 organization (Religious Organization Fuji
Omuro Sengen-jinja)"Oshi" Lodging House(Former House of the
Togawa Family)

Fujiyoshida City, Yamanashi
Prefecture

Fujiyoshida City

9

"Oshi" Lodging(House of the
Family)Fujiyoshida City, Yamanashi
Prefecture

1 individual

10

Lake Yamanakako

Yamanakako
Yamanashi Prefecture

Village,

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport
and Tourism

Lake Kawaguchiko

Fujikawaguchiko
Yamanashi Prefecture

Town,

3 organizations (Religious Organization
Kawaguchi
Asama-jinja,
Religious
Organization Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja, andReligious Organization Unoshima-jinja) and
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport
and Tourism

13

Oshino Hakkai springs(Deguchiike Pond)

Oshino Village,
Prefecture

Yamanashi

Ministry of Finance14

Oshino Hakkai(Okamaike Pond)

springs

Oshino Village,
Prefecture

Yamanashi

Oshino Village

15

Oshino Hakkai springs(Sokonashiike Pond)

Oshino Village,
Prefecture

Yamanashi

Ministry of Finance16

Oshino Hakkai(Choshiike Pond)

springs

Oshino Village,
Prefecture

Yamanashi

Ministry of Finance17

Oshino Hakkai(Wakuike Pond)

springs

Oshino Village,
Prefecture

Yamanashi

Ministry of Finance18

Oshino Hakkai(Nigoriike Pond)

springs

Oshino Village,
Prefecture

Yamanashi

1 organization (Religious
Shibokusa Sengen-jinja)

Organization

19

Oshino Hakkai springs(Kagamiike Pond)

Oshino Village,
Prefecture

Yamanashi

1 organization (Religious
Shibokusa Sengen-jinja)

Organization

20

Oshino Hakkai(Shobuike Pond)

Oshino Village,
Prefecture

Yamanashi

1 organization (Religious
Shibokusa Sengen-jinja)

Organization

4

7

11

House
Osano

12

21

springs

Funatsu lava tree molds

Fujikawaguchiko
Yamanashi Prefecture

Town,

Organization

Yamanashi Prefecture and FujikawaguchikoTown

Table 5-1-3 The location and ownership of the component parts and their constituent elements (3/3)
No.
22
23

24

Component parts andtheir constituent
elements

OwnersYoshida lava tree molds

Fujiyoshida City, Yamanashi
Prefecture

Yamanashi Prefecture

Hitoana Fuji-ko Iseki

Fujinomiya City,
Prefecture

1 organization (Religious Organization
Hitoana Sengen-jinja) and 1 individual

Shiraito no Taki waterfalls

Mihonomatsubara pine tree
grove

25

Location

Fujinomiya City,
Prefecture

ShizuokaPrefectureCity,

Shizuoka

Shizuoka

Shizuoka

4 organizations (Fujinomiya City Kamiide
Ward, Fujinomiya City Hara Ward,
Religious
Organization
Nembutsushu
Sampozan Muryojuji, and 1 company), 2
individuals, Ministry of Finance, Shizuoka
Prefecture, and Fujinomiya City
3 organizations (Religious Organization
Miho-jinja, 1 school, and 1 company), 23
individuals, 3
government agencies(Ministry of Finance, Ministry ofAgriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, andMinistry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport
and Tourism), Shizuoka Prefecture, andShizuoka City

5.b. Protective Designation
The Important Cultural Properties, a Special Place of Scenic Beauty, a Special Natural
Monument, a Historic Site, Places of Scenic Beauty, and Natural Monuments that are included in theproperty have been properly protected under the Ancient Shrines and Temples Preservation Law(enacted in 1897), the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty andNatural Monuments (enacted in 1919), and the National Treasures Preservation Law (enacted in
1929).
In 1950, these laws were integrated and strengthened into the Law for the Protection of Cultural
Properties.

Since then, under the provisions of this law, thorough and complete protection

measures have been taken for individual component parts of the nominated property and theirconstituent elements.
In addition, within the Fujisan Mountain Area (Component Part 1), the excellent naturallandscape has been protected under the National Parks Law (enacted in 1931) and the Natural Parks2

Law (enacted in 1957), which replaced it.
The forest on the southern side of the Fujisan Mountain Area was managed as the land under
direct jurisdiction of the Shogunate since the 17th century and was taken over as the national
property by the Meiji Government. After that, it became the imperial forest and then designated as
the national forest in 1947.

The national forest has been conserved under the Law on the

Administration and Management of National Forests (enacted in 1951).
The protective designations for the individual component parts and their constituent elements areshown below:

2

Natural Parks Law:

The English title of the “Natural Parks Law" has been changed to “Natural Park Act” recently. In the text of t
document, the old title, “Natural Parks Law”, is used, whereas the text of the law included in Appendix 10 is based on th
English title, “Natural Park Act”.

Component Part 1. Fujisan Mountain Area
11 March 1911.

Out of the imperial forest designated by the Meiji Government of Japan thatwas established in 1868, the most part on the Yamanashi Prefecture side was
granted to Yamanashi Prefecture; the forest management as a prefecturalproperty started.

4 March 1924.

Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of
Yamanashi Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites,
Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments (official notice No. 1 ofYamanashi Prefecture).

24 February 1926. “Fujisan Primeval Forest”, constituting a part of the view of the Fujisan
Mountain Area from Nakanokura Pass on the northwestern shore of Lake
Motosuko was designated as a Natural Monument under the Law for the
Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural
Monuments (official notice No. 19 of the Ministry of the Interior)
1 February 1936.

Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law(official notice No. 32 of the Ministry of the Interior).

1 April 1947.

Came to be administered and managed as a national forest in relation to theabolishment of the imperial forest system as a result of the unification offorest organizations (Cabinet decision of 8 January 1947) of 8 January 1947

23 June 1951.

The Law on the Administration and Management of National Forests (Law
No. 246 of 23 June

10 July 1952.

1951) was enacted.

The area provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law
for the Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural
Monuments was cancelled (official notice No. 17 of the Board of Education).

7 October 1952.

Designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for the Protection ofCultural Properties (official notice No. 20 of the Council for the Protection ofCultural Properties).

22 November 1952. The area designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty was redesignated as aSpecial Place of Scenic Beauty (official notice No. 21 of the Council for theProtection of Cultural Properties).
6 October 1966.

The designated area of the Special Place of Scenic Beauty was expanded(official notice No. 68 of the Council for the Protection of Cultural
Properties).

8 March 2010.

The designated area of the Natural Monument, Fujisan Primeval Forest, wasexpanded and renamed as Fujisan Primeval Forest and Aokigaharajukai
Woodland (official notice No. 41 of the Ministry of Education, Culture,
Sports, Science and Technology).

7 February 2011.

The area including the mountain area higher than the eighth station (butexcluding the Omiya-Murayama Ascending Route, the Suyama Ascending
Route, the Subashiri Ascending Route and the Yoshida Ascending Route)and the Yoshida Ascending Route below the eighth station was designated asa Historic Site under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties(official notice No. 11 of the Council for the Protection of Cultural
Properties).

21 September 2011. Lake Saiko, Lake Shojiko, and Lake Motosuko were designated as Places of
Scenic Beauty under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties(official notice No. 141 of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology).
2012.

The Omiya-Murayama Ascending Route, the Suyama Ascending Route, andthe Subashiri Ascending Route, and the area above the eighth station of the
Yoshida Ascending Route were added to the Historic Site under the Law for
the Protection of Cultural Properties (on 18 November 2011, the Subdivision
on Cultural Properties of the Council for Cultural Affairs recommended the
additional designation as a Historic Site to the Minister of Education, Culture,
Sports, Science and Technology. Based on this, the official notice of the
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology will be
issued around February 2012).

Constituent Element 1-1. Mountaintop worship sites
1 February 1936.

Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law(official notice No. 32 of the Ministry of the Interior).

7 October 1952.

Designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for the Protection ofCultural Properties (official notice No. 20 of the Council for the Protection ofCultural Properties).

22 November 1952. The area designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty was redesignated as a Special
Place of Scenic Beauty (official notice No. 21 of the Council for theProtection of Cultural Properties).
7 February 2011.

Designation of the Historic Site, Fujisan (official notice No. 11 of the
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology).

Constituent Element 1-2. Omiya-Murayama Ascending Route (present Fujinomiya
Ascending Route)
1 February 1936.

Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law(official notice No. 32 of the Ministry of the Interior).

1 April 1947.

Came to be administered and managed as a national forest in relation to theabolishment of the imperial forest system as a result of the unification offorest organizations (Cabinet decision of 8 January 1947).

23 June 1951.

The Law on the Administration and Management of National Forests (Law
No. 246 of 23 June

7 October 1952.

1951) was enacted.

Designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for the Protection ofCultural Properties (official notice No. 20 of the Council for the Protection ofCultural Properties).

22 November 1952. The area designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty was redesignated as aSpecial Place of Scenic Beauty (official notice No. 21 of the Council for theProtection of Cultural Properties).
2012.

Designated as a Historic Site under the Law for the Protection of Cultural
Properties (on 18 November 2011, the Subdivision on Cultural Properties of
the Council for Cultural Affairs recommended the additional designation as aHistoric Site to the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology. Based on this, the official notice of the Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology will be issued around February2012).

Constituent Element 1-3. Suyama Ascending Route (present Gotemba Ascending Route)
1 February 1936.

Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law(official notice No. 32 of the Ministry of the Interior).

1 April 1947.

Came to be administered and managed as a national forest in relation to theabolishment of the imperial forest system as a result of the unification offorest organizations (Cabinet decision of 8 January 1947).

23 June 1951.

The Law on the Administration and Management of National Forests (Law
No. 246 of 23 June

7 October 1952.

1951) was enacted.

Designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for the Protection ofCultural Properties (official notice No. 20 of the Council for the Protection ofCultural Properties).

22 November 1952. The area designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty was redesignated as aSpecial Place of Scenic Beauty (official notice No. 21 of the Council for theProtection of Cultural Properties).
6 October 1966.

The area designated as a Special Place of Scenic Beauty was expanded(official notice No. 68 of the Council for the Protection of Cultural
Properties).

2012.

Designated as a Historic Site under the Law for the Protection of Cultural
Properties (on 18 November 2011, the Subdivision on Cultural Properties of
the Council for Cultural Affairs recommended the additional designation as aHistoric Site to the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology. Based on this, the official notice of the Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology will be issued around February2012).

Constituent Element 1-4. Subashiri Ascending Route
1 February 1936.

Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law(official notice No. 32 of the Ministry of the Interior).

1 April 1947.

Came to be administered and managed as a national forest in relation to theabolishment of the imperial forest system as a result of the unification offorest organizations (Cabinet decision of 8 January 1947).

23 June 1951.

The Law on the Administration and Management of National Forests (Law
No. 246 of 23 June

7 October 1952.

1951) was enacted.

Designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for the Protection ofCultural Properties (official notice No. 20 of the Council for the Protection ofCultural Properties).

22 November 1952. The area designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty was redesignated as aSpecial Place of Scenic Beauty (official notice No. 21 of the Council for theProtection of Cultural Properties).
2012.

Designated as a Historic Site under the Law for the Protection of Cultural
Properties (on 18 November 2011, the Subdivision on Cultural Properties of
the Council for Cultural Affairs recommended the additional designation as aHistoric Site to the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology. Based on this, the official notice of the Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology will be issued around February2012).

Constituent Element 1-5. Yoshida Ascending Route11 March 1911.

Out of the imperial forest designated by the Meiji Government of Japan thatwas established in 1868, the most part on the Yamanashi Prefecture side was
granted to Yamanashi Prefecture; the forest management as a prefecturalproperty started.

4 March 1924.

Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of
Yamanashi Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites,

Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments (official notice No. 1 ofYamanashi Prefecture).
1 February 1936.

Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law(official notice No. 32 of the Ministry of the Interior).

1 April 1947.

Came to be administered and managed as a national forest in relation to theabolishment of the imperial forest system as a result of the unification offorest organizations (Cabinet decision of 8 January 1947)

23 June 1951.

The Law on the Administration and Management of National Forests (Law
No. 246 of 23 June

7 October 1952.

1951) was enacted.

Designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for the Protection ofCultural Properties (official notice No. 20 of the Council for the Protection ofCultural Properties).

22 November 1952. The area designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty was redesignated as aSpecial Place of Scenic Beauty (official notice No. 21 of the Council for theProtection of Cultural Properties).
7 February 2011.

The section of the Yoshida Ascending Route below the 8th station was
designated as a Historic Site under the Law for the Protection of Cultural
Properties (official notice No. 11 of the Ministry of Education, Culture,
Sports, Science and Technology).

2012.

The section of the Yoshida Ascending Route from the eighth station to thesummit was designated as a Historic Site under the Law for the Protection ofCultural Properties (on 18 November 2011, the Subdivision on Cultural
Properties of the Council for Cultural Affairs recommended the additional
designation as a Historic Site to the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology. Based on this, the official notice of the Ministryof Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology will be issued aroundFebruary 2012).

Constituent Element 1-6. Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine
28 August 1907.

The main hall of the east shrine was designated as a Specially Protected
Building under the Ancient Shrines and Temples Preservation Law (official
notice No. 93 of the Ministry of the Interior).

4 March 1924.

Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of
Yamanashi Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites,
Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments (official notice No. 1 ofYamanashi Prefecture).

1 July 1929.

The main hall of the east shrine was designated as a National Treasure underthe National Treasures Preservation Law.
1 February 1936.

Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law(official notice No. 32 of the Ministry of the Interior).

29 August 1950.

Designation of the main hall of the east shrine as an Important Cultural
Property under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties3.

7 October 1952.

The compound of the Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine wasdesignated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for the Protection ofCultural Properties (official notice No. 20 of the Council for the Protection ofCultural Properties).

22 November 1952. The area designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty was redesignated as aSpecial Place of Scenic Beauty (official notice No. 21 of the Council for theProtection of Cultural Properties).
31 March 1953.

The Main Hall and the main hall of the west shrine was designated asImportant Cultural Properties under the Law for the Protection of Cultural
Properties (official notice No. 59 of the Council for the Protection of Cultural
Properties).

7 February 2011.

The compound of the Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine wasdesignated as a Historic Site under the Law for the Protection of Cultural
Properties (official notice No. 11 of the Ministry of Education, Culture,
Sports, Science and Technology).

Constituent Element 1-7. Lake Saiko
4 March 1924.

Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of
Yamanashi Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites,
Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments (official notice No. 1 ofYamanashi Prefecture).

1 February 1936.

Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law(official notice No. 32 of the Ministry of the Interior).

10 July 1952.

The provisional designation was cancelled of Lake Shojiko as a Place of
Scenic Beauty (official notice No. 17 of the Board of Education).

21 September 2011. Designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for the Protection ofCultural Properties (official notice No. 141 of the Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology).

3

Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties:

Based on Section 3 of the additional provisions of the said law, the designations as National Treasures under
Treasures Preservation Law were regarded as its designations as Important Cultural Properties. This is also true of CompPart 2.

Constituent Element 1-8. Lake Shojiko
4 March 1924.

Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of
Yamanashi Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites,
Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments (official notice No. 1 ofYamanashi Prefecture).

1 February 1936.

Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law(official notice No. 32 of the Ministry of the Interior).

10 July 1952.

The provisional designation of Lake Shojiko as a Place of Scenic Beauty wascancelled (official notice No. 17 of the Board of Education).

21 September 2011. Designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for the Protection ofCultural Properties (official notice No. 141 of the Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology).

Constituent Element 1-9. Lake Motosuko
4 March 1924.

Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of
Yamanashi Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites,
Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments (official notice No. 1 ofYamanashi Prefecture).

1 February 1936.

Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law(official notice No. 32 of the Ministry of the Interior).

10 July 1952.

The provisional designation of Lake Motosuko as a Place of Scenic Beauty
was cancelled (official notice No. 17 of the Board of Education).

21 September 2011. Designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for the Protection ofCultural Properties (official notice No. 141 of the Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology).

Component Part 2. Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine
27 May 1907.

The main hall was designated as a Specially Protected Building under theAncient Shrines and Temples Preservation Law (official notice No. 63 of the
Ministry of the Interior).

1 July 1929.

The main hall was designated as a National Treasure, following theenactment of the National Treasures Preservation Law.

7 November 1944. Wakutamaike Pond was designated as a Natural Monument under the Law
for the Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural

Monuments (official notice No. 1078 of the Ministry of Education).
29 August 1950.

The main hall was designated as an Important Cultural Property under the
Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties.

29 March 1952.

Wakutamaike Pond was designated as a Special Natural Monument under the
Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties (official notice No. 54 of theCouncil for the Protection of Cultural Properties).

7 February 2011.

A part of the compound of the Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine wasdesignated as a Historic Site under the Law for the Protection of Cultural
Properties (official notice No. 11 of Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology).

2012.

A part of the compound of the Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine wasadditionally designated as a Historic Site under the Law for the Protection ofCultural Properties (on 18 November 2011, the Subdivision on Cultural
Properties of the Council for Cultural Affairs recommended the additional
designation as a Historic Site to the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology. Based on this, the official notice of the Ministryof Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology will be issued aroundFebruary 2012).

Component Part 3. Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrine
7 February 2011.

The compound of the Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrine was designated as aHistoric Site under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties (official
notice No. 11 of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology).

Component Part 4. Murayama Sengen-jinja Shrine
7 February 2011.

The compound of the Murayama Sengen-jinja Shrine was designated as aHistoric Site under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties (official
notice No. 11 of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology).

2012.

Additional designation of part of the compound of the Murayama
Sengen-jinja Shrine as a Historic Site were made under the Law for theProtection of Cultural Properties (the official notice of the Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology is planned to be issued
around September 2012).

Component Part 5. Suyama Sengen-jinja Shrine
7 February 2011.

The compound of the Suyama Sengen-jinja Shrine was designated as aHistoric Site under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties (official
notice No. 11 of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology).

Component Part 6. Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine (Subashiri Sengen-jinja Shrine)
7 February 2011.

The compound of the Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine was designated (Subashiri
Sengen-jinja Shrine) as a Historic Site under the Law for the Protection ofCultural Properties (official notice No. 11 of the Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology).

Component Part 7. Kawaguchi Asama-jinja Shrine
4 March 1924.

Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of
Yamanashi Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites,
Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments (official notice No. 1 ofYamanashi Prefecture).

1 February 1936.

Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law(official notice No. 32 of the Ministry of the Interior).

10 July 1952.

The provisional designation of the compound of the Kawaguchi Asama-jinja
Shrine was cancelled (official notice No. 17 of the Board of Education).

7 February 2011.

The compound of the Kawaguchi Asama-jinja Shrine as a Historic Site under
the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties (official notice No. 11 of
the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology).

Component Part 8. Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine
4 March 1924.

Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of
Yamanashi Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites,
Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments (official notice No. 1 ofYamanashi Prefecture).

1 February 1936.

Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law(official notice No. 32 of the Ministry of the Interior).

10 July 1952.

The provisional designation of the compound of the Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja
Shrine as a Place of Scenic Beauty was cancelled in relation to thedesignation of Fujisan as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for theProtection of Cultural Properties (official notice No. 17 of the Board of
Education).
18 May 1985.

The main hall that was relocated from the Motomiya to the Satomiya wascancelled as an Important Cultural Property under the Law for the Protectionof Cultural Properties (official notice No. 67 of the Ministry of Education).

7 February 2011.

The compound of the Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine, consisting of the twoparts of the Motomiya and the Satomiya, was cancelled as a Historic Siteunder the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties (official notice No.
11 of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology).

Component Part 9. “Oshi” Lodging House (Former House of the Togawa Family)
4 March 1924.

Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of
Yamanashi Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites,
Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments (official notice No. 1 ofYamanashi Prefecture).

10 July 1952.

The provisional designation of the precincts of the Former House of the
Togawa Family as a Place of Scenic Beauty was cancelled (official noticeNo. 17 of the Board of Education).

20 June 2011.

Designated as an Important Cultural Property under the Law for theProtection of Cultural Properties (official notice No. 95 of the Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology).

Component Part 10. “Oshi” Lodging House (House of the Osano Family)
4 March 1924.

Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of
Yamanashi Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites,
Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments (official notice No. 1 ofYamanashi Prefecture).

10 July 1952.

The provisional designation of the precincts of the House of the Osano
Family was cancelled as a Place of Scenic Beauty (official notice No. 17 of
the Board of Education).

20 May 1976.

Designated as an Important Cultural Property under the Law for theProtection of Cultural Properties (official notice No. 99 of the Ministry of
Education).

Component Part 11. Lake Yamanakako

4 March 1924.

Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of
Yamanashi Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites,
Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments (official notice No. 1 ofYamanashi Prefecture).

1 February 1936.

Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law(official notice No. 32 of the Ministry of the Interior).

10 July 1952.

The provisional designation of Lake Yamanakako as a Place of Scenic
Beauty was cancelled (official notice No. 17 of the Board of Education).

21 September 2011. Designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for the Protection ofCultural Properties (Official Notice no. 141 of the Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology).

Component Part 12. Lake Kawaguchiko
4 March 1924.

Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of
Yamanashi Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites,
Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments (official notice No. 1 ofYamanashi Prefecture).

1 February 1936.

Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law(official notice No. 32 of the Ministry of the Interior).

10 July 1952.

The provisional designation of Lake Kawaguchiko as a Place of Scenic
Beauty was cancelled (official notice No. 17 of the Board of Education).

21 September 2011. Designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for the Protection ofCultural Properties (Official Notice no. 141 of the Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology).

Component Part 13. Oshino Hakkai springs (Deguchiike Pond)
Component Part 14. Oshino Hakkai springs (Okamaike Pond)
Component Part 15. Oshino Hakkai springs (Sokonashiike Pond)
Component Part 16. Oshino Hakkai springs (Choshiike Pond)
Component Part 17. Oshino Hakkai springs (Wakuike Pond)
Component Part 18. Oshino Hakkai springs (Nigoriike Pond)
Component Part 19. Oshino Hakkai springs (Kagamiike Pond)
Component Part 20. Oshino Hakkai springs (Shobuike Pond)
4 March 1924.

Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of
Yamanashi Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites,
Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments (official notice No. 1 ofYamanashi Prefecture).
1 May 1934.

Designated as a Natural Monument under the Law for the Preservation ofHistoric Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments (official
notice No. 181 of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology).

10 July 1952.

The provisional designation of Oshino Hakkai springs as a Place of Scenic
Beauty was cancelled (official notice No. 17 of the Board of Education).

2012.

Additional to and partical cancellation of the area designated as a Natural
Monument were made (the official notice of the Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology is planned to be issued around
September 2012).

Component Part 21. Funatsu lava tree molds
4 March 1924.

Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of
Yamanashi Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites,
Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments (official notice No. 1 ofYamanashi Prefecture).

17 December 1929. Designated as a Natural Monument under the Law for the Preservation ofHistoric Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments (official
notice No. 370 of the Ministry of Education).
1 February 1936.

Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law(official notice No. 32 of the Ministry of the Interior).

10 July 1952.

The provisional designation of Funatsu lava tree molds as a Place of Scenic
Beauty was cancelled (official notice No. 17 of the Board of Education).

Component Part 22. Yoshida lava tree molds
4 March 1924.

Provisionally designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty by the Governor of
Yamanashi Prefecture under the Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites,
Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments (official notice No. 1 ofYamanashi Prefecture).

17 December 1929. Designated as a Natural Monument under the Law for the Preservation ofHistoric Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments (official
notice No. 370 of the Ministry of Education).
1 February 1936.

Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law(official notice No. 32 of the Ministry of the Interior).

10 July 1952.

The provisional designation of Yoshida lava tree molds as a Place of Scenic
Beauty was cancelled (official notice No. 17 of the Board of Education).

Component Part 23. Hitoana Fuji-ko Iseki
1 February 1936:

Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park (official notice No. 32 of the
Ministry of the Interior)

2012.

Designated as a Historic Site under the Law for the Protection of Cultural
Properties (on 18 November 2011, the Subdivision on Cultural Properties of
the Council for Cultural Affairs recommended the additional designation as aHistoric Site to the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology. Based on this, the official notice of the Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology will be issued around February2012).

Component Part 24. Shiraito no Taki waterfalls
1 February 1936.

Designated as Fuji-Hakone National Park under the National Parks Law(official notice No. 32 of the Ministry of the Interior).

3 September 1936. Designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty and a Natural Monument under the
Law for the Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty andNatural Monuments (official notice No. 314 of the Ministry of Education).

Component Part 25. Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove
8 March 1922.

Designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for the Preservation ofHistoric Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments (official
notice No. 49 of the Ministry of the Interior).

1 April 1977.

A part of the area designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty was removed fromthe designated area (Official notice no. 44 of the Ministry of Education).

29 March 1990.

Addition to and partial cancellation of the area designated as a Place of
Scenic Beauty were made (official notice No. 31 of the Ministry of
Education).

5.c. Means of Implementing Protective Measures
1) Nominated Property(i) Delineation of the property area
As is described in “3.1.c Statement of Integrity”, the Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan isfounded on the two aspects of Fujisan as an “object of worship” and a “source of artistic
inspiration”; a total of 25 component parts, containing a total of 9 constituent elements, can bebroadly divided into the two groups corresponding to these two aspects: “places of worship-ascentand pilgrimage” and “viewpoints and views”, respectively.
With regard to the individual component parts and constituent elements, their areas that are
essential to exhibiting the Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan have been included in theproperty area, as is shown below, based on the two perspectives/categories: i.e. the “places ofworship-ascent and pilgrimage” based on the aspect of Fujisan as an “object of worship” and the“viewpoints and views” based on the aspect of Fujisan as a “source of artistic inspiration”.

(a) Delineation of the areas of the component parts as the “places of worship-ascent andpilgrimage” based on the aspect of Fujisan as an “object of worship”(1) To include the “Fujisan Mountain Area”, or the area higher than “Umagaeshi”, one of
the boundaries signifying the sacredness of Fujisan, which corresponds to the area
higher than approximately 1,500 m in altitude;(2) To define the area of the Fujisan Mountain Area to include worship sites that are
distributed along the crater wall at the mountaintop, ascending routes from the
Sengen-jinja shrines at the mountain foot up to the summit, facilities along them such as
mountain huts that support people making worship-ascent and religious activities, andstone monuments etc. that were built by those people as evidence of Fujisan worship;and(3) To include the compounds of Sengen-jinja shrines at the mountain foot, “Oshi” lodging
houses, and a group of spiritual spots and pilgrimage destinations such as a wind cave,lava tree molds, lakes, springs, and water falls.

(b) Delineation of the areas of the component parts as the “viewpoints and views” basedon the aspect of Fujisan as a “source of artistic inspiration”(1) To include Nakanokura Pass on the north-western shore of Lake Motosuko as a
viewpoint, because it is the place where the photo used several times as the design of thebank notes of Japan was taken, and also to include the area of the view that extends fromthe skirts of the Fujisan Mountain Area to the shore of Lake Motosuko, including both;and(2) To include the Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove as a viewpoint, because it was depicted
in many paintings as a scenic spot that is contained in the typical composition featuring
Fujisan and because the place became the viewpoint or the stage for internationallyrenowned works of art, and also to include a separate area of the Fujisan Mountain Area
that constitutes the view from the Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove, in the light of a
distance of approximately 45 km between the Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove and the
Fujisan Mountain Area with a wide space of the sea in-between.
The extent of the property area that has been delineated in consideration of the above is shown in
Figure 1-4 to 1-21.

(ii) Laws and plans for the protection and management of the property
The protection and management of the individual component parts and their constituent elements
are ensured by at least one of the laws shown in Table 5-2, i.e. Law for the Protection of Cultural
Properties, Natural Parks Law, and Law on the Administration and Management of National Forests.
The summary of the laws and the status of application of these laws to the individual component
parts and constituent elements are shown in Table 5-2; the summary of the legal requirements suchas those of prior permission is shown in Table 5-3.
Also, the details of the handling of the acts within the areas of the component parts or constituent
elements that alter the existing state or affect its conservation (hereinafter referred to as “alterations
to the existing state etc.”) are shown in individual plans that have been prepared in close relationshipwith the laws in Table 5-2 [refer to Attached Document 1 of Appendix 8, “FujisanComprehensive Preservation and Management Plan ”].
The extent of the legal protection under these laws, including the legal control in the surrounding
areas of the individual component parts, is shown in Figures 5-1, 5-2 and Appendix 5.

(a) Laws and plans for the implementation of the protection and management of “places ofworship-ascent and pilgrimage”
The “places of worship-ascent and pilgrimage” based on the aspect of Fujisan as an “object ofworship” contain 3 categories of the component parts and constituent elements: (a) the Fujisan
Mountain Area above Umagaeshi, mountaintop worship sites, and ascending routes from themountain foot to the mountaintop; (b) the compounds and buildings of Shinto shrines at themountain foot and “Oshi” lodging houses; and (c) spiritual spots and destinations of pilgrimage
such as a wind cave, lave tree molds, lakes, springs, and waterfalls. They are designated under
the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties as Important Cultural Properties, a Special Placeof Scenic Beauty, a Special Natural Monument, a Historic Site, Places of Scenic Beauty, and/or
Natural Monuments for the purpose of ensuring their protection and management. To be
specific, for the individual component parts and constituent elements designated as Cultural
Properties, owners or local governments etc. that are designated as Custodial Bodies under the
Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties are implementing the preservation and management
properly in accordance with the respective preservation and management plans that wereprepared by local governments [refer to Attached Document 1 of Appendix 8, “FujisanComprehensive Preservation and Management Plan ”].
On the other hand, with regard to the natural environments and forests that constitute the basisof the cultural value of the individual component parts and constituent elements, properprotection and management have been ensured either through designation as a Special Protection
Zone and/or a Special Zone of a National Park under the Natural Parks Law or as a National
Forest that is managed directly by the national government as a national property. To be
specific, for the National Park, the Ministry of the Environment has prepared theFuji-Hakone-Izu National Park (Fujisan District) Park Plan and the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National
Park (Fujisan District) Management Plan under the Natural Parks Law [refer to Attached
Document 1 of Appendix 8, “Fujisan Comprehensive Preservation and Management
Plan”]; for National Forests, the Forestry Agency has prepared the Eastern Yamanashi Forest
Planning Area Regional Administration and Management Plan and the Fuji Forest Planning Area
Regional Administration and Management Plan under the Law on the Administration andManagement of National Forests and are implementing the protection and management properly[refer to Attached Document 1 of Appendix 8, “Fujisan Comprehensive Preservation andManagement Plan ”].

(b) Laws and plans for the implementation of the protection and management of“viewpoints and views”(1) Northwest shore of Lake Motosuko (Nakanokura Pass)
The wide area from the Fujisan Mountain Area to Lake Motosuko and its
northwestern shore (Nakanokura Pass), which constitutes the “viewpoints and views”
based on the aspect of Fujisan as a “source of artistic inspiration”, are protected as atleast one of the following for the purpose of ensuring their protection and management:a Special Place of Scenic Beauty, a Historic Site, a Place of Scenic Beauty, and a
Natural Monument under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties; Special
Protection Zone and Special Zone of a National Park under the Natural Parks Law; andNational Forest under the Law on the Administration and Management of National
Forests.
To be specific, for the individual component parts and constituent elements
designated as Cultural Properties, owners or local governments etc. that are designatedas Custodial Bodies under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties are
implementing the protection and management of viewpoints and views properly inaccordance with the respective preservation and management plans that were preparedby local governments.
Also with regard to the National Park, the Ministry of the Environment has prepared
the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park (Fujisan District) Park Plan and the Fuji-Hakone-Izu
National Park (Fujisan District) Management Plan under the Natural Parks Law and withregard to the National Forests, the Forestry Agency has prepared the Fuji Forest
Planning Area Regional Administration and Management Plan and they are
implementing the protection and management of viewpoints and views properly.
(2) Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove
The Fujisan Mountain Area and the Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove, whichconstitute the “viewpoints and views” based on the aspect of Fujisan as a “source of

artistic inspiration”, are designated as at least one of the following for the purpose of
ensuring their protection and management: a Special Place of Scenic Beauty, a HistoricSite, and a Place of Scenic Beauty under the Law for the Protection of Cultural
Properties; Special Protection Zone and Special Zone of a National Park under the
Natural Parks Law; and National Forest under the Law on the Administration andManagement of National Forests.
Among them, for the individual component parts designated as Cultural Properties,
owners or local governments etc. that are designated as Custodial Bodies under the Law
for the Protection of Cultural Properties are implementing the protection andmanagement of viewpoints and views properly in accordance with the respective
preservation and management plans that were prepared by local governments.
Also with regard to the National Park, the Ministry of the Environment has prepared
the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park (Fujisan District) Park Plan and the Fuji-Hakone-Izu
National Park (Fujisan District) Management Plan under the Natural Parks Law and withregard to the National Forests, the Forestry Agency has prepared the Fuji Forest
Planning Area Regional Administration and Management Plan and they are
implementing the protection and management of viewpoints and views properly.

Table 5-2-1 Summary of laws and regulations that apply to the component parts and their constituent elements (1/2)
Law

PurposeLaw for the This law aims to preserve andProtection of utilize cultural properties, so that
Culturalthe culture of the Japanese people
Properties
may be furthered and acontribution be made to theevolution of world culture.
The Outstanding Universal Valueof Fujisan is to be protected
through legal designations of theFujisan mountain area,
mountaintop worship sites,
ascending routes from themountain foot to the summit, thecompounds and buildings ofSengen-jinja shrines at themountain foot, "Oshi" lodging
houses, and spiritual spots andpilgrimage destinations such as
wind cave, lava tree molds, lakes,
springs, and waterfalls -- based on
the aspect as an "object ofworship" -andviewpoints and views of theFujisan mountain area – based on
the aspect as a "source of artistic
inspiration -as Important Cultural Properties, aSpecial Place of Scenic Beauty, aSpecial Natural Monument, aHistoric Site, Places of Scenic
Beauty, and Natural Monuments.
NaturalParks Law

This law aims to protect the placesof natural scenic beauty and also,
through the promoted utilization
thereof, contribute to the health,recreation, and education of thepeople as well as to biodiversity.

Summary
The law stipulates the acts that requireprior permission or consent for the
purposes of preserving and utilizing
cultural properties.
For the specific acts that require priorpermission or consent, refer to Table
5-3.

Relevant
component parts
All

With respect to individual component
parts, their constituent elements, and thespecific features contained therein thatare designated as Important Cultural
Properties, a Special Place of Scenic
Beauty, a Historic Site, a Special
Natural Monument, Places of Scenic
Beauty, and Natural Monuments, local
governments prepare preservation andmanagement plans and set out the
principles and methods of preservationand management as well as thestandards for the handling of acts thatalter the existing state or affectconservation (hereinafter referred to as"alternations to the existing state etc." in
the table), taking into consideration thelocation, form, and character ofindividual cultural properties.
Details of the individual plans areprovided in Attached Document 1 ofAppendix 8, “Fujisan Comprehensive
Preservation and Management Plan”.

The law stipulates the acts that require 1 Fujisan Mountain Areaprior permission or consultation for the
1-1 Mountaintop
purposes of the protection andworship sites
appropriate utilization of national parks. 1-2 Omiya-Murayama
For specific acts that require priorAscending Routepermission or consultation, refer to(present
Table 5-3.
Fujinomiya
The Outstanding Universal Value
Ascending Route)of Fujisan is to be protectedWith regard to the areas of the national
1-3 Suyama
through legal designations of thepark that are included in the component
Ascending RouteFujisan mountain area,
parts, the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National(present Gotemba
mountaintop worship sites,
Park Plan (Fujisan District) has been
Ascending Route)ascending routes from the
prepared.
1-4 Subashiri
mountain foot to the summit, theBased on this park plan, the types andAscending Routecompounds of Sengen-jinja shrines arrangements of facilities and the level 1-5 Yoshidaat the mountain foot, and spiritualof regulation within the national park
Ascending Routespots and pilgrimage destinations
and other necessary matters are set out.
1-6 Kitaguchi Hongu
such as wind caves, lava tree
In addition, the Fuji-Hakone-Izu
Fuji Sengen-jinja
molds, lakes, springs, andNational
Park
FujisanDistrict
Shrinewaterfalls -- based on the aspect as Management Plan has been prepared,
1-7 Lake Saikoan "object of worship" -based on which the policies for the 1-8 Lake Shojiko
andprotection and utilization of scenic 1-9 Lake Motosuko
the viewpoints and views of the beauty and landscapes within the 8 Fuji Omuro
Fujisan mountain area based on the national park are set out.
Sengen-jinja Shrine
aspect as a "source of artistic
11 Lake Yamanakako
inspiration"
Details of the individual plans are 12 Lake Kawaguchikoas a Special Protection Zone or a provided in Attached Document 1 of 22 Yoshida lava tree
Special Zone of Fuji-Hakone-Izu Appendix 8, “Fujisan Comprehensive
molds
National Park.
Preservation and Management Plan”.
24 Shiraito no TakiwaterfallsTable 5-2-2 Summary of laws and regulations that apply to the component parts and their constituent elements (2/2)
Law

PurposeSummary

Law on the
Administration
andManagement of
National
Forests

This act aims to ensure theappropriate and efficientadministration and management of
national forests by clarifying
administration and management
plans.

This law stipulates basic plansconcerning the administration andmanagement of national forests(administration and management
basic plans) for the purposes of theappropriate administration andmanagement of national forests.
In addition, in accordance with theadministration and management basic
plan, plans concerning theadministration and management of
national forests for individual forest
planning areas ("regional
administration and management
plans") are prepared.
With regard to the areas of national
forests that are included in thecomponent parts, regional
administration and management plans
for the Fuji Forest Planning Area andthe Eastern Yamanashi Forest
Planning Area have been prepared
and accordingly the management suchas appropriate maintenance ofartificial forests is conducted.

The Outstanding Universal Valueof Fujisan is to be protected
through legal designations of theFujisan mountain area andascending routes from themountain foot to the summit basedon the aspect as an "object ofworship"
andthe views of the Fujisan mountainarea based on the aspect as a"source of artistic inspiration" aspart of the national forests andthrough appropriate forest
administration and management
based on the basic plan concerning
the administration andmanagement of national forests.

The items to be specified byindividual plans are provided in Table
5-3 and details of the individual plans
are provided in Attached Document 1of Appendix 8, “FujisanComprehensive Preservation andManagement Plan”.

Relevant
component parts
1 Fujisan MountainArea
1-2
Omiya-Murayama
Ascending Route(present Fujinomiya
Ascending Route)
1-3 Suyama
Ascending Route(present Gotemba
Ascending Route)
1-4 Subashiri
Ascending Route
1-5 Yoshida
Ascending RouteTable 5-3-1 Summary of the legal requirements (prior permission etc.) of the laws that apply to the component
parts and their constituent elements (1/2)
Acts that require priorpermission etc.

Laws

Designation / zone

Legal requirement

Law for theProtection ofCultural Properties

Important Cultural
Property

Prior permission orconsentoftheCommissioner
for
Cultural Affairs (partof the clerical work
concerningtheauthority of theCommissioner
for
Cultural Affairs togive permission andagreementistransferred to theprefecturalandmunicipal boards ofeducation)

Acts that alter the existing stateoraffectconservation(hereinafter referred to as"alterations to the existing stateetc." in the table) require priorpermission or consent.

Prior permission ofor consultation with
the Minister of theEnvironment

Construction, reconstruction, or Imprisonment
extension of structures, cutting withlaborof trees and bamboo, mining of
and/or fineminerals, soil, and stone, actsthat cause increase or decreaseof water level or quantity ofrivers, lakes, etc., discharge of
wastewater etc. to the lakes etc.
designated by the Minister ofthe Environment, installation ofadvertisements,
land
reclamationfromwater,
alterations
to
the
land
configuration, change of thecolor of structures, entry to theareas designated by the Ministerof the Environment, acts thatdamage trees and bamboo,
planting of trees and bamboo,
releaseofanimals,
accumulation and storage ofmaterials in the open air, use offire, collecting or damaging ofplants other than trees andbamboo, planting or sowing theseeds of plants other than trees
and bamboo, capture and killingof animals, use of horses,
vehicles,or
power-driven
vessels in areas other thanroads, landing of airplanes, etc.
require prior permission or
consultation.

Special Place of
Scenic BeautySpecial Natural
Monument
Historic Site

Place of Scenic
BeautyPenalty
Imprisonment
with/withoutlabor and/or
fine

Natural Monument

Natural Parks Law National
Park
SpecialZone

SpecialProtection
Zone

Table 5-3-2 Summary of the legal requirements (prior permission etc.) of the laws that apply to the component
parts and their constituent elements (2/2)
Laws

Designation /zone

Natural Parks Law

National
Park
SpecialZone

Law on the
Administrationand Managementof National
Forests

National Forest

Legal requirement

Acts that require priorpermission etc.

Class I
Special
Zone

Penalty

Prior permission of or Construction, reconstruction, or Imprisonment
consultation with the extension of structures, cutting withlabor
Ministerofthe of trees and bamboo, acts that and/or fineEnvironment or the damage trees and bamboo in theareas designated by the Minister
Governorof the Environment, mining ofminerals, soil, and stone, actsthat cause increase or decreaseof water level or quantity ofrivers, lakes, etc., discharge of
wastewater etc. to the lakes etc.
designated by the Minister of theEnvironment, installation ofClass II
advertisements, accumulation
Specialand storage of materials
Zone
designated by the Minister of theEnvironment, land reclamationfrom water, alterations to theland configuration, collecting
and damaging of plants
designated by the Minister of theEnvironment, planting andsowingseeds
ofplantsdesignated by the Minister of theEnvironment, capture and killingClass IIIof animals designated by theSpecialMinister of the Environment,
Zone
release of animals designated by
the Minister of the Environment,change of the color of structures,
entry into the areas designatedby the Minister of theEnvironment, use of horses,
vehicles,or
power-driven
vessels, and landing of airplanes
in areas designated by the
Minister of the Environment, etc.
require prior notification or
consultation.
The administration and management basic plan by the
Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and theregional administration and management plans by the
directors of regional forest offices provide the basic
policies for administration and management and basic
matters related to the implementation of major projects.
Regional administration and management plans
stipulate the quantitative limits to the cutting of trees,
regeneration, conservation forests, and forest roads tobe constructed or improved for the implementation of
appropriate administration and management of forests
in due consideration of the public functions such as
national land conservation and natural environment
conservation.

2) Buffer Zone(i) Delineation of the buffer zone
The boundaries of the buffer zone were defined as the area in which negative physical or visual
impacts can be anticipated on the Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan deriving from the dual
aspects of “places of worship-ascent and pilgrimage” as an “object of worship” and of “viewpoints
and views” as a “source of artistic inspiration” in consideration of the following 5 points:(1) To maintain the unity, with Fujisan at the center, of a group of component parts andconstituent elements such as the compounds and buildings of Sengen-jinja shrines at themountain foot, “Oshi” lodging houses, and spiritual spots and pilgrimage destinations
such as lakes;(2) To cover a wide area of the southern mountain foot area for the conservation of the viewof Fujisan from the Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove;(3) To maintain the landforms, vegetations, and water veins that are appropriate for “placesof worship-ascent and pilgrimage” and “viewpoints and views” in the immediate
vicinities of the individual component parts and constituent elements and also to ensure
the good views from within the individual component parts to outside:(4) To cover the compounds of Shinto shrines other than component parts and the areas of4

the distribution of the “sites known to contain Buried Cultural Properties”under the
Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties that are related to Fujisan worship; and(5) To adopt the boundaries that can be easily recognized as such: for example, boundaries
of land uses such as urban areas and roads, administrative boundaries, boundaries basedon individual laws and regulations, the locations of landforms and objects such as roads.
The extent of the buffer zone that has been defined in consideration of the above is shown in
Figure 1-4.
No buffer zone is set up to the northwest of Lake Motosuko (Constituent Element 1-9) and theeast of the Fujisan Mountain Area (Component Part 1), since no impact on the view from within theproperty area is foreseeable. For the former, control measures under the Yamanashi Prefecture
Landscape Ordinance are in place [refer to Table 5-5 and Table 5-6] and it is extremely difficult to
conduct land development or construction work that would involve the cutting of the ridge line of asignificant scale on the steep slope on the other side of the ridge line. Therefore, there is no
possibility of negative impact on the landscape that constitutes the backdrop of the views of theshores of Lake Motosuko from viewpoints that are distributed widely within the Fujisan MountainArea, including the shore of Lake Motosuko and the summit of Fujisan.

For the latter, in light ofthe existing land uses of the neighboring areas as maneuver fields, no negative impacts ofdevelopment or urban infrastructure on the landscape are foreseeable.

4

Sites known to contain Buried Cultural Properties:

Article 92 of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties stipulates the "Buried Cultural Properties" and Article 93 ofsame law stipulates the sites known to contain Buried Cultural Properties.
The existence of such site is officially recognized through the public announcement by Yamanashi Prefecture a
Prefecture.

(ii) Conservation based on laws, regulations, etc.
In the case that measures are to be taken within the buffer zone to address specific problems or toprovide proper conservation, the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, the Natural Parks
Law, the Law on the Administration and Management of National Forests, the Landscape Act (andlandscape ordinances and landscape plans under the said law), the City Planning Act (and the Zones
and Districts set out by local governments based on the said law), the Seacoast Law, and theordinances of Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and relevant municipal governments areapplied and enforced appropriately.
The summary of the laws and regulations that apply to the buffer zone is given in Table 5-4 andthe summary of the legal requirements such as those of prior permission is given in Table 5-5,
respectively.
Also, the individual plans related to the buffer zone that have been prepared in close relationshipwith the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, the Natural Parks Law, the Law on the
Administration and Management of National Forests and the details of the handling of alterations to
the existing state etc. within the buffer zone under the applicable laws are given in Attached
Document 1 of Appendix 8, “Fujisan Comprehensive Preservation and Management Plan”. The
permission criteria under other laws and regulations are given in Attached Document 2 of the same
appendix.
The extent of the legal protection of the individual laws and regulations that apply to the bufferzone is shown in Figure 5-1 and 5-2.

Table 5-4-1 Summary of laws and regulations that apply to the buffer zone (1/3)
Law

PurposeSummary

Law for theProtection ofCultural
Properties

This law aims to preserve and utilize cultural The law stipulates the acts that require priorproperties, so that the culture of the Japanese permission or consent for the purposes ofpeople may be furthered and a contribution be preserving and utilizing cultural properties.
made to the evolution of world culture.
For the specific acts that require prior permission
etc., refer to Table 5-5.
The landscapes and environments of the bufferzone are to be conserved through the inclusion of With respect to the cultural properties within theparts of the surrounding environments of thebuffer zone that are designated as a Special Place
Fujisan mountain area, mountaintop worship of Scenic Beauty, Special Natural Monuments, asites, ascending routes from the mountain foot to Historic Site, Places of Scenic Beauty, andthe summit, the compounds of Sengen-jinja Natural Monuments, local governments prepare
shrines, and spiritual spots and pilgrimage preservation and management plans and set out
destinations such as lava tree molds, lakes, the principles and methods of preservation andsprings, and waterfalls -- based on the aspect as
management as well as the standards for thean "object of worship" -handling of alternations to the existing state etc.,
andtaking into consideration the location, form, andviewpoints and views of the Fujisan mountain character of individual cultural properties.
area – based on the aspect as a "source of artistic
inspiration -in the areas designated as a Special Place of
Scenic Beauty, Special Natural Monuments, aHistoric Site, Places of Scenic Beauty, andNatural Monuments.

Natural Parks
Law

This law aims to protect the places of natural
scenic beauty and also, through the promoted
utilization thereof, contribute to the health,recreation, and education of the people as well as
to biodiversity.

The law stipulates the acts that require priorpermission, notification, or consultation for the
purposes of the protection and appropriate
utilization of national parks.
For specific acts that require prior permission,
notification, or consultation, refer to Table 5-5.

The landscapes and environments of the bufferzone are to be conserved through the legal With regard to the areas of the national park indesignation of parts of the surrounding the buffer zone, the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National
environments of the Fujisan mountain area, Park Plan (Fujisan District) has been prepared.
mountaintop worship sites, ascending routes Based on this park plan, the types andfrom the mountain foot to the summit, the arrangements of facilities, the level of regulation
compounds of Sengen-jinja shrines, and spiritual within the national park, and other necessary
spots and pilgrimage destinations such as lava matters are set out.
tree molds, lakes, springs, and waterfalls -- based In addition, the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Parkon the aspect as an "object of worship" -Fujisan District Management Plan has been
andprepared, based on which the policies for the
viewpoints and views of the Fujisan mountain protection and utilization of scenic beauty andarea – based on the aspect as a "source of artistic landscapes within the national park are set out.
inspiration -as Special Protection Zone, Protection Zone or Details of the individual plans are provided in
Ordinary Zone of Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Attached Document 1 of Appendix 8, “FujisanPark.
Comprehensive Preservation and Management
Plan”.

Table 5-4-2 Summary of laws and regulations that apply to the buffer zone (2/3)
Law

PurposeSummary

Law on theThis act aims to ensure the appropriate and This law stipulates basic plans concerning theAdministration efficient administration and management of administration and management of national
andnational forests by clarifying administration andforests (administration and management basic
Management management plans.
plans) for the purposes of the appropriate
of National
administration and management of national
Forests
The landscapes and environments of the buffer forests.
zone are to be conserved through the national In addition, in accordance with the administration
government’s appropriate administration and and management basic plan, plans concerning themanagement of parts of the surrounding administration and management of national
environments of the Fujisan mountain area, forests for individual forest planning areas
mountaintop worship sites, and ascending routes (regional administration and management plans)from the mountain foot to the summit -- based are prepared.
on the aspect as an "object of worship" -With regard to the areas of national forests thatandare included in the buffer zone, regionalviews of the Fujisan mountain area – based on administration and management plans for the Fuji
the aspect as a "source of artistic inspiration -Forest Planning Area have been prepared andas National Forests.
accordingly the management such as appropriate
maintenance of artificial forests is conducted.
The items to be specified by individual plans areprovided in Table 5-5 and details of theindividual plans are provided in Attached
Document 1 of Appendix 8, “FujisanComprehensive Preservation and Management
Plan”.
Landscape Act This aims to promote the conservation and Acts that require prior notification to relevant(localimprovement of excellent landscapes in Oshino cities and villages and the standards forgovernments’ Village, Yamanakako Village, Fujinomiya City, landscape development etc. that should be met
landscapeFuji City, and Shizuoka City.
are set out for the purposes of the conservation
ordinances andand development of excellent landscapes inlandscapeThe landscapes and environments of the buffer respective cities and villages.
plans)
zone are to be conserved based on the landscapeordinances through the inclusion of parts of the
The acts that require prior notification are
surrounding environments of the compounds of provided in Table 5-5 and the details of
Sengen-jinja shrines and spiritual spots and landscape development standards are given inpilgrimage destinations such as lake and springs
Attached Document 2 of Appendix 8, “Fujisan-- based on the aspect as an "object of worship"
Comprehensive Preservation and Management-Plan”.
andviewpoints and views of the Fujisan mountainarea – based on the aspect as a "source of artistic
inspiration” -in landscape planning areas of individual
landscape plans of respective cities and villages.
Yamanashi
Prefecture
Scenic Zone
(based on theCity Planning
Act)

This ordinance aims to maintain the scenic beauty Acts that require prior permission or consultationin the city.
and the criteria for permission are set out for the
purposes of maintaining the scenic beauty in the
The landscapes and environments of the buffer city.
zone are to be conserved through the designationof the surrounding environment of a spring of The acts that require prior or consultation are
Oshino Hakkai (Deguchiike Pond) that became a provided in Table 5-5 and the details of
spiritual spot and a pilgrimage destination – based permission criteria are given in Attachedon the aspect as an "object of worship" – as anDocument 2 of Appendix 8, “Fujisan
Oshino Scenic Zone under Yamanashi Prefecture Comprehensive Preservation and Management
Scenic Zone Ordinance based on the City Plan”.
Planning Act.

Table 5-4-3 Summary of laws and regulations that apply to the buffer zone (3/3)
Law

PurposeSummary

City Planning
Act

This law aims to promote the sounddevelopment and orderly improvement of cities.

For the purposes of promoting the sounddevelopment and orderly improvement of cities.
Urbanizaiton Promotion Area, Urbanization
Control Area, Districs, and Zones are set out
together with the acts that require priorpermission or consultation accordingly andcriteria for permission. With regard to the bufferzone in question, the Urbanization Control Area
and Category I Exclusively Low-story
Residential District are set out.
The area division and acts that require priorpermission or consultation are provided in Table
5-5. The criteria for permission are provided in
Attached Document 2 of Appendix 8.

Most of the surrounding environments of thecompounds of Sengen-jinja shrines (Suyama
Sengen-jinja Shrine and Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine(Subashiri Sengen-jinja Shrine)) -- based on the
aspect as an "object of worship" -are the Urbanization Control Area and therefore
development activities are regulated, ensuring
the conservation of the environment.
With regard to the surrounding environments ofthe viewpoint of the Fujisan mountain area
(Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove) – based on
the aspect as a "source of artistic inspiration,
the natural green landscape is conserved, theland use as the residential area of high quality oflife is maintained, and the development of a citythat meets the local characters is recommended.
Seacoast Law

This law aims to protect the seacoast from damage Acts that require prior permission or consultation
due to sea or ground movement, to improve and are set out together with the criteria forconserve the coastal environment, and to promote permission, for the purposes of improving andproper use of the coastal environment.
conserving the coastal environment andpromoting proper use of the coastal
The landscapes and environments of the buffer environment.
zone are to be conserved through the appropriate The acts that require prior permission or
maintenance under the Seacoast Law of the consultation are provided in Table 5-5. The
beach of the surrounding environments of the criteria for permission are provided in Attachedviewpoint of the Fujisan mountain area Document 2 of Appendix 8, "Fujisan(Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove) – based on Comprehensive Preservation and Management
the aspect as a "source of artistic inspiration.
Plan".

Local
governments’
ordinances

These ordinances aim to promote theconservation and creation of excellent
landscapes and pass on the excellent culturallandscapes of Fujisan to future generations.

Guidelines
for land use
projects

These guidelines aim to provide appropriate Projects that require prior consultation are set out
guidance to project undertakers concerning the together with the criteria for permission for the
implementation of land use projects
land use projects that exceed a certain scale.

Acts that require prior notification and thestandards that should be met are set out for the
purposes of promoting the conservation andcreation of excellent landscapes and passing on
the excellent cultural landscapes of Fujisan to
The landscapes and environments of the buffer future generations.
zone are to be conserved by maintaining theexternal appearance of the buildings etc. as the Acts that require prior notification are provided
residential area under Yamanashi Prefecture in Table 5-5. The details of the standards thatLandscape Ordinance and Fujiyoshida City Fujisan should be met are provided in AttachedWorld Cultural Heritage Nomination Ordinance for Document 2 of Appendix 8, “Fujisan
the surrounding environments of the Fujisan Comprehensive Preservation and Management
mountain area, the compounds of Sengen-jinja Plan”.
shrines, and the "Oshi" lodging houses -- based on
the aspect as an "object of worship".

The landscapes and environments of the buffer The projects that require prior consultation arezone are to be conserved through individual land provided in Table 5-5. The details of permission
use project guidelines of local governments for criteria are provided in Attached Document 2 ofthe surrounding environments of the compounds Appendix
8,“FujisanComprehensive
of Sengen-jinja shrines (Suyama Sengen-jinja Preservation and Management Plan”.
Shrine and Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine (Subashiri
Sengen-jinja Shrine)) -- based on the aspect asan "object of worship".

Table 5-5-1 Summary of the legal requirements (prior permission etc.) of the laws that apply to the buffer zone (1/4)
Laws
Law for theProtection ofCultural
Properties

Acts that require priorpermission etc.

Designation / zone

Legal requirement

Special Place of
Scenic Beauty

Prior permission orconsentoftheCommissioner for
CulturalAffairs(part of the clericalwork
concerning
the authority of theCommissioner for
Cultural Affairs togive permission andagreementistransferred to theprefecturalandmunicipal boards ofeducation)

Acts that alter the existing state oraffect conservation (hereinafterreferred to as "alterations to theexisting state etc." in the table)
require prior permission orconsent.

Prior permission ofor consultation with
the Minister of theEnvironment

Construction, reconstruction, or Imprisonment
extension of structures, cutting of withlabor
trees and bamboo, mining of and/or fineminerals, soil, and stone, acts thatcause increase or decrease of waterlevel or quantity of rivers, lakes,
etc., discharge of wastewater etc. tothe lakes etc. designated by the
Minister of the Environment,
installation of advertisements, land
reclamation from water, alterations
to the land configuration, change ofthe color of structures, entry to theareas designated by the Minister ofthe Environment, acts that damage
trees and bamboo, planting of trees
and bamboo, release of animals,
accumulation and storage ofmaterials in the open air, use offire, collecting or damaging ofplants other than trees and bamboo,
planting or sowing the seeds ofplants other than trees and bamboo,
capture and killing of animals, useofhorses,vehicles,or
power-driven vessels in areas otherthan roads, landing of airplanes,
etc. require prior permission or
consultation.

Special Natural
Monument

Historic Site

Penalty
Imprisonment
with/withoutlabor and/or
fine

Place of Scenic
BeautyNatural Monument

Natural Parks
Law

National
Park
SpecialZone

SpecialProtection
Zone

Table 5-5-2 Summary of the legal requirements (prior permission etc.) of the laws that apply to the buffer zone (2/4)
Laws
Natural Parks
Law

Legal requirement

National
Park
Special
Zone

Prior permission ofor consultation with
the Minister of theEnvironment or theGovernor

Construction, reconstruction, or
extension of structures, cutting oftrees and bamboo, acts that damage
trees and bamboo in the areas
designated by the Minister of theEnvironment, mining of minerals,soil, and stone, acts that cause
increase or decrease of water levelor quantity of rivers, lakes, etc.,
discharge of wastewater etc. to thelakes etc. designated by the
Minister of the Environment,
installation of advertisements,
accumulation and storage ofmaterials designated by the
Minister of the Environment, land
reclamation from water, alterations
to the land configuration, collecting
and damaging of plants designatedbytheMinisteroftheEnvironment, planting and sowing
seeds of plants designated by the
Minister of the Environment,
capture and killing of animals
designated by the Minister of theEnvironment, release of animals
designated by the Minister of theEnvironment, change of the colorof structures, entry into the areas
designated by the Minister of theEnvironment, use of horses,
vehicles, or power-driven vessels
in areas designated by the Ministerof the Environment, etc. requireprior notification or consultation.

National Park
Ordinary Zone

Prior notification toor consultation with
the Minister of theEnvironment or theGovernor

Construction, reconstruction, or Fine
extension of structures, whose
scales are beyond the prescribedstandards, acts that cause increase or
decrease of the water levels or
quantities of rivers, lakes, etc. within
the Special Protection Zone,
installation of advertisements, land
reclamation from water, mining ofminerals, soil, and stone, and changeof land configuration require priornotification or consultation.

National Forest

The administration and management basic plan by the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and theregional administration and management plans by the
directors of regional forest offices provide the basic
policies for administration and management and basic
matters related to the implementation of major projects.
Regional administration and management plans stipulate
the quantitative limits to the cutting of trees, regeneration,conservation forests, and forest roads to be constructed or
improved for the implementation of appropriate
administration and management of forests in due
consideration of the public functions such as national landconservation and natural environment conservation.

Class I
Special
Zone

Class IISpecial
Zone

Class IIISpecialZone

Law on the
Administration
andManagement of
National Forests

Acts that require priorpermission etc.

Designation / zone

PenaltyTable 5-5-3 Summary of the legal requirements (prior permission etc.) of the laws that apply to the buffer zone (3/4)
Laws

Designation / zone

Legalrequirement

Acts that require prior permission
etc.

PenaltyLandscape Act(Oshino Village
LandscapeOrdinance)

LandscapePrior notification New
construction,
remodeling, Imprisonment
Development Priority to the Mayor of enlargement, and/or relocation of with
labor
Area
Oshino Village
buildings or other structures, the repair and/or fineor change of their design/color thatchanges the exterior appearance,
LandscapeLandscape ActPrior
cutting of trees and bamboo,
Development(Yamanakako
notification toaccumulation or storage of materials
Village Landscape Priority Area
the Mayor ofin the open air, development activities
Ordinance)
Yamanakako
related to specified structures orOrdinary Area
Villagesports/leisure facilities, developmentof residential areas, mining of sandLandscape Act
LandscapePriorand stone, and land reclamation from(Fujinomiya
Conservation Area
notification towater require prior notification.
City Fujisan
the Mayor ofView Conservation
LandscapeFujinomiya
Area
Ordinance)City
Landscape Act(Fuji City
LandscapeOrdinance)

Area with no LandUse District
designationPrior
notification to
the Mayor of
Fuji City

Landscape Act(Shizuoka City
LandscapeOrdinance)

Area other thanPriority Area

Prior
notification to
the Mayor of
Shizuoka City

Yamanashi
Scenic Zone
Prefecture Scenic
Zone Ordinance(City Planning Act)

Prior permission
or consultation of
the Governor of
Yamanashi
Prefecture (for thearea of Oshino
5
Village )New construction, remodeling, enlargement,Fine
and/or relocation of buildings or otherstructures, development of residential areas,change of land configuration, cutting of trees
and bamboo, mining of sand and stone, land
reclamation from water, change of the colorof buildings or other structures, andaccumulation of sand and stone require priorpermission or consultation.

2
City Planning Act Category 1 Exclusively Prior permission or Developments of 3,000 m or a larger Imprisonment
Low-Storey
consultation of the area for the purposes of the withlabor
Residential District
Governor of
construction of buildings or specified and/or fineand Urbanization
Shizuoka Prefecture structures require prior permission orControl Area
(for the area ofconsultation.
Oyama Town6) or
the Mayors of
Shizuoka City,
Gotemba City, andSusono City

Seacoast Law

5

Seacoast Conservation Prior permission or Mining of soil, sand, and/or stone, theAreaconsultation of the new construction or remodeling ofGovernor of
facilities (other than the seacoast
Shizuokaconservation facilities), and thePrefecture
excavation/cutting/filling of land on
water surface or in land other thanpublicseacoast
requireprior
permission or consultation.

Fine

The area of Oshino Village:

The authority of the Governor of Yamanashi Prefecture is to be transferred to the Mayor of Oshino Village, effective in April 2012,
under the law concerning the establishment of the relevant laws for the promotion of the reform to enhance the local autonomy andindependence.
6

The area of Oyama Town:

The authority of the Governor of Shizuoka Prefecture over the area of Oyama Town is to be transferred to the Mayor of Oyama
Town, effective in April 2012, under the Ordinance Concerning Special Measures for the Clerical Work of Shizuoka Prefecture, inorder to ensure the democratic and efficient administrative work of local governments.

Table 5-5-4 Summary of the legal requirements (prior permission etc.) of the laws that apply to the buffer zone (4/4)
Laws

Designation / zone

Legalrequirement

Acts that require prior permission
etc.

Penalty

Yamanashi
Prefecture
LandscapeOrdinance

Entire Yamanashi
Prefecture

Prior notification
to the Governorof Yamanashi
PrefectureNew
construction,
remodeling, Fineenlargement, or relocation of buildings
or other structures, change of theirdesign or color that changes the exterior
appearance, cutting of trees and bamboo,
accumulation or storage of materials inopen air, mining of minerals, sand, andstone, and change of land configuration
require prior notification.

Fujiyoshida City
Fujisan World
Cultural Heritage
Nomination
Ordinance

Conservation Area

Prior notification
to the Mayor of
Fujiyoshida City

New
construction,
remodeling,enlargement,or
relocationofbuildings or other structures requireprior notification.

Gotemba City
Guidelines forLand Use
Projects

Entire Gotemba
City

Approval of the
Mayor ofGotemba City
(and priorconsultation forsome projects)

Buildings of 13 m or higher (outside the City Planning Area or within
Urbanization Control Area) and land
use projects of 2,000 m2 or larger
require prior approval.
Land use projects of 20,000 m 2 orlarger require prior consultation.

Susono City
Guidelines forLand Use
Projects

Entire Susono City

Approval of the
Mayor of Susono
City (and priorconsultation forsome projects)

Buildings of 21 m / 7 stories (five stories for a building whose total floorarea is 6,000 m2 or larger) or higher
2
and land use projects of 2,000 morlarger require prior approval.
Land use projects of 50,000 m 2 orlarger require prior consultation.

Oyama Town
Guidelines for
the Appropriate
Implementationof Land Use
Projects

Entire Oyama Town

Approval of the
Mayor of Oyama
Town (and priorconsultation forsome projects)

Land use projects of 1,000 m2 orlarger require prior approval.
Land use projects of 10,000 m 2 orlarger require prior consultation.

Recommendation-3) Management Zone(i) Delineation of the management zone
Outside the property area and the buffer zone, the management zone has been set out for theareas that are not directly related to the preservation of the Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan.
The management zone is an area managed by the national government, Yamanashi Prefecture,
Shizuoka Prefecture, relevant municipal governments, local citizens’ groups on a voluntary basis incontribution to the protection of the property. The following two areas have been set out as the
management zone:(a) Urban areas of Fujiyoshida City etc. and the settlement area of Oshino Village
While the buffer zone is set out for nearly one whole block of the surrounding areas of the“Oshi” lodging houses (Component Parts 9 and 10), which are located in the urban area of
Fujiyoshida City, and the Oshino Hakkai springs (Component Parts 13 to 20), which adjoin thesettlements at Oshino Village, the management zone is set out to cover a wide area outside it,
including the urban areas of Fujiyoshida City and Fujikawaguchiko Town (hereinafter referred to
as “urban areas of Fujiyoshida City etc.”) and the settlement area of Oshino Village.

(b) Maneuver fields etc.
The maneuver fields etc. which are adjacent to the Fujisan Mountain Area are set out as the
management zone in light of the characteristics of the land use type.

(ii) Conservation based on laws, regulations, etc.
(a) Urban areas of Fujiyoshida City etc. and the settlement area of Oshino Village
In urban areas of Fujiyoshida City etc. and the settlement area of Oshino Village, urban
infrastructure projects such as the construction of hotels and there are plans of urban
infrastructure projects in the future, too.

In this zone, Yamanashi Prefecture LandscapeOrdinance, Oshino Village Landscape Ordinance, etc. will be applied and voluntary conservation
measures will be taken.
The summary of the laws, regulations, etc. that apply to the management zone is given in
Table 5-6. The summary of the legal requirements such as those of prior permission under theselaws, regulations, etc. is given in Table 5-7.

The permission criteria under these laws,

regulations, etc. are provided in Attached Document 2 of Appendix 8, “Fujisan Comprehensive
Preservation and Management Plan”. The extent of the jurisdiction of the individual laws,
regulations, etc. is shown in Figure 5-4.

(b) Maneuver fields etc.
In the lands of maneuver fields etc., while the traditional land uses maintained by local
people’s organizations etc. such as the grass harvesting field etc. have been allowed to continue,
the land use as the maneuver fields etc. that has been deemed necessary from the perspective ofJapan’s national defense etc. has been playing an important role in protecting these areas from

uncontrolled development. Therefore, in order to maintain the integral conservation of theproperty area and the buffer zone, it is necessary to maintain the existing land use type into the
future.
The extent of the maneuver fields etc. is shown in Figure 5-5.
Table 5-6 Summary of laws, regulations, etc. that apply to the management zone
Law

PurposeSummary

LandscapeAct (Oshino
Village
LandscapeOrdinanceandLandscapePlan)This aims to promote the conservation andimprovement of excellent landscapes in Oshino
Village.

Acts that require prior notification to relevant
cities and villages and the standards forlandscape development etc. that should be met
are set out for the purposes of the conservationand development of excellent landscapes in
Oshino Village.

Yamanashi
Prefecture
LandscapeOrdinance

This ordinance aims to contribute to make Yamanashi Acts that require prior notification and thePrefecture a unique and comfortable prefecture by standards that should be met are set out for thepassing on the irreplaceable nature and landscapes that purposes of passing on the irreplaceable naturesurround precious historic cultural properties to future and landscapes that surround precious historic
generations and conserving and creating excellent cultural properties to future generations andlandscapes.
conserving and creating excellent landscapes.

The landscapes and environments of the
management zone are to be conserved through theinclusion of the surrounding environments of theOshino Hakkai springs, which became spiritualspots and pilgrimage destinations based on the
aspect as an "object of worship" in LandscapePlanning Area of the Oshino Village LandscapeOrdinance and its Landscape Plan.

The acts that require prior notification areprovided in Table 5-7 and the details oflandscape development standards are given in
Attached Document 2 of Appendix 8, “FujisanComprehensive Preservation and Management
Plan”.

The landscapes and environments of the management Acts that require prior notification are provided
zone are to be conserved through the coverage of the in Table 5-7 . The details of the standards thatsurrounding environments of the compounds of should be met are provided in Attached
Sengen-jinja shrines and "Oshi" lodging houses -- Document 2 of Appendix 8, “Fujisan
based on the aspect as an "object of worship" – in the Comprehensive Preservation and Management
Yamanashi Prefecture Landscape Ordinance.
Plan”.
Guidelines
for land use
projects

These guidelines aim to provide appropriate guidance Projects that require prior consultation are set
to project undertakers concerning the implementation out together with the criteria for permission forof land use projects
the land use projects that exceed a certain scale.
The landscapes and environments of the management The projects that require prior consultation arezone are to be conserved through individual land use provided in Table 5-7 . The details of
project guidelines of local governments for the permission criteria are provided in Attachedsurrounding environments of the compounds of Document 2 of Appendix 8, “Fujisan
Sengen-jinja shrines (Suyama Sengen-jinja Shrine and Comprehensive Preservation and Management
Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine (Subashiri Sengen-jinja Plan”.
Shrine)) -- based on the aspect as an "object ofworship".

Table 5-7 Summary of the legal requirements (prior permission etc.) of the laws that apply to the management zone
Laws

Designation / zone

Legalrequirement

Acts that require priorpermission etc.

PenaltyLandscape Act(Oshino Village
LandscapeOrdinance)

Landscape Planning
Area

Prior notification
to the Mayor of
Oshino Village

New construction, remodeling,enlargement, and/or relocationof buildings or other structures,the repair or change of theirdesign/color that changes theexterior appearance, cutting of
trees
and
bamboo,andaccumulation or storage ofmaterials in the open air requireprior notification.

Imprisonment
with
labor
and/or fine

Yamanashi
Prefecture
LandscapeOrdinance

Entire Yamanashi
Prefecture

Prior notification
to the Governor of
Yamanashi
Prefecture

New construction, remodeling, Fineenlargement, or relocation ofbuildings or other structures,change of their design or colorthat changes the exterior
appearance, cutting of trees andbamboo,accumulationorstorage of materials in open air,mining of minerals, sand, andstone, and change of land
configuration require priornotification.

Gotemba City
Guidelines forLand Use
Projects

Entire Gotemba City

Approval of theMayorof
Gotemba
City
(and
prior
consultationforsome projects)

Buildings of 13 m or higher (outside the City Planning Areaor within Urbanization Control
Area) and land use projects of
2,000 m 2 or larger require priorapproval.
Land use projects of 20,000 m 2
orlargerrequireprior
consultation.

Susono City
Guidelines forLand Use
Projects

Entire Susono City

Approval of the
Mayor of Susono
City (and priorconsultationforsome projects)

Buildings of 21 m / 7 stories (five stories for a building
whose total floor area is 6,000
m2 or larger) or higher and land
use projects of 2,000 m2 orlarger require prior approval.
Land use projects of 50,000 m 2
orlargerrequireprior
consultation.

Oyama Town
Guidelines for
the Appropriate
Implementationof Land Use
Projects

Entire Oyama Town

Approval of the
Mayor of Oyama
Town (and priorconsultationforsome projects)

Land use projects of 1,000 m2
or larger require prior approval.
Land use projects of 10,000 m 2
orlargerrequireprior
consultation.

-

5.d. Existing Plans Related to the Municipalities and Regions inwhich the Proposed Property is Located
The details of the plans below are provided in Appendix 9.

1) General plans
Name of the plan

2nd Stage Challenge Yamanashi Action Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Yamanashi Prefecture (October 2011)

Target area

Entire Yamanashi Prefecture

Main objective

To present the basic policies of Yamanashi Prefecture and the content of the actions andprojects to be implemented toward the “most livable prefecture in Japan” for the 4-year
period from 2011 to 2015.

Content relevantto the nominatedproperty

In relation to Fujisan, measures to promote the inscription of Fujisan on the World
Heritage List, the development of landscapes appropriate for World Heritage, and theenvironmental conservation are to be taken.
In addition, the disaster prevention system is planned to be reinforced in order to minimize
the damage from eruptions of Fujisan.

Name of the plan

Shizuoka Prefecture General Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Shizuoka Prefecture (February 2011)

Target area

Entire Shizuoka Prefecture

Main objective

To present Shizuoka Prefecture’s mid-term and long-term policies, future visions,directions of actions, concrete measures, etc. for the 10-year period from 2011 to 2021.

Content relevantto the nominatedproperty

In relation to Fujisan, a wide range of measures to promote the inscription of Fujisan on
the World Heritage List, the preservation, management, and utilization appropriate forWorld Heritage, the Fujisan Day celebration movement, and the conservation of the naturalenvironment of Fujisan is to be taken.

Name of the plan

5th Fujiyoshida City General Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Fujiyoshida City (March 2008)

Target area

Entire Fujiyoshida City

Main objective

To present Fujiyoshida City’s future vision and the directions for the city’s administrative
actions toward its realization for the 10-year period from 2008 to 2018.

Content relevant to
the nominatedproperty

The town development with the participation of citizens is to be promoted by utilizing
Fujiyoshida City’s local characteristics such as unique nature, history, and culture in which
Fujisan plays a central role. Preservation and utilization of the rich nature and Historic
Sites related to Fujisan worship are to be promoted through collaboration between citizens
and the government.

1st Minobu Town General Plan

Name of the plan
Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Minobu Town (March 2007)

Target area

Entire Minobu Town

Main objective

To present Minobu Town’s future vision and directions of the city development andadministrative actions for the 10-year period from 2007 to 2017.

Content relevantto the nominatedproperty

The town development is to be promoted in parallel with the conservation of beautiful
home-town landscapes against the background of the rich and diverse nature aroundFujisan.

Name of the plan

5th Oshino Village General Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Oshino Village (April 2008)

Target area

Entire Oshino Village

Main objective

To present Oshino Village’s future vision and directions toward its realization for the
10-year period from 2008 to 2018.

Content relevantto the nominatedproperty

Active measures are to be taken to conserve and improve the water quality of springs
around Fujisan and to conserve beautiful landscapes centering on Fujisan.

Name of the plan

Yamanakako 4th Long-Term General Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Yamanakako Village (May 2010)

Target area

Entire Yamanakako Village

Main objective

To present Yamanakako Village’s future vision and measures and framework toward its
realization for the 10-year period from 2010 to 2020.

Content relevantto the nominatedpropertyWith regard to the surrounding areas of Fujisan, the development of beautiful landscapes is
to be promoted as a measure to conserve the lake environments.

Name of the plan

Narusawa Village 4th Long-Term General Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Narusawa Village (March 2007)

Target area

Entire Narusawa Village

Main objective

To present Narusawa Village’s future vision for the village development and clarify thetargets and principles toward its realization for the 10-year period from 2007 to 2017.

Content relevantto the nominatedpropertyWith regard to the surrounding areas of Fujisan, measures are to be taken to maintain the
viewpoints from which people can enjoy the views of Fujisan and the vast woodland and topreserve and utilize cultural properties such as Historic Sites distributed on the skirts ofFujisan.

1st Fujikawaguchiko Town General Plan

Name of the plan
Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Fujikawaguchiko Town (August 2008)

Target area

Entire Fujikawaguchiko Town

Main objective

To present Fujikawaguchiko Town’s future vision and the systematic methods for its
realization for the 10-year period from 2008 to 2018.

Content relevantto the nominatedproperty

In relation to Fujisan, the study and research on the property are to be promoted together
with awareness-raising for the transmission of the property to future generations andsupport to its maintenance and management.

Name of the plan

2nd Shizuoka City General Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Shizuoka City (March 2010)

Target area

Entire Shizuoka City

Main objective

To show the future vision of Shizuoka City around 2015 and present the overview of thecollaborative work to be made by citizens and the city government for its realization.

Content relevantto the nominatedproperty

The Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove, a component part of the property, is recognized as aunique local resource associated with culture, history, and natural environment; and its
preservation, utilization, and information provision are to be promoted together with othercultural properties.

Name of the plan

4th Fujinomiya City General Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Fujinomiya City (March 2006)

Target area

Entire Fujinomiya City

Main objective

To present Fujinomiya City’s future vision and the basic targets and principles for its
realization for the 10-year period from 2006 to 2016.

Content relevantto the nominatedproperty

As the symbol and the core of the town development in harmony with nature, the excellent
landscape and natural environment of Fujisan are to be conserved.

Name of the plan

5th Fuji City General Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Fuji City (March 2011)

Target area

Entire Fuji City

Main objective

To present the basic directions of the entire government with as view to ensuring theconsistency among all the projects by Fuji City for the 10-year period from 2011 to 2021.

Content relevantto the nominatedproperty

It is clearly stated to ensure the transmission of the excellent natural environment of
Fujisan to future generations and create the local society with low environmental load; in
addition, it is planned, based on the celebrity of Fujisan, to make effective use of the giftsof Fujisan such as landscapes and springs as shared resources.

3rd Gotemba City General Plan

Name of the plan
Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Gotemba City (March 2001)

Target area

Entire Gotemba City

Main objective

To present Gotemba City’s future vision and the basic targets and sector-wise plans toward
its realization, including the systematic overview of concrete policies and measures for the
15-year period from 2001 to 2016.

Content relevantto the nominatedpropertyIn the recognition of Fujisan as the symbol of noble and graceful people, measures for theprotection of the landscapes of Fujisan and cultural properties in the mountain foot areas
and for the awareness-raising of citizens and businesses are to be taken in an effort toward
the inscription of Fujisan on the World Heritage List in cooperation with Shizuoka
Prefecture, Yamanashi Prefecture, and relevant municipalities.

Name of the plan

4th Susono City General Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Susono City (March 2011)

Target area

Entire Susono City

Main objective

To present Susono City’s basic directions of the city development for the 10-year period
from 2011 to 2021.

Content relevantto the nominatedproperty

Measures are to be taken to conserve and utilize the rich natural environment of Fujisan,which brings many benefits to Susono City and its citizens.

Name of the plan

4th Oyama Town General Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Oyama Town (March 2011)

Target area

Entire Oyama Town

Main objective

To present the basic concept and basic plan of the measures to be taken, including theaction plans for the concrete measures for the 10-year period from 2011 to 2020.

Content relevantto the nominatedproperty

Efforts for the conservation of Fujisan are to be made through mutual coordination andcollaboration among citizens, businesses, visitors, and the government.

2) Environment-related plans
Name of the plan

Fujisan General Environmental Conservation Measures Basic Guidelines

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Yamanashi Prefecture (March 1998)

Target area

Areas including and surrounding Fujisan and “Fujigoko” (Fuji Five Lakes)

Main objective

To present the basic policies for the comprehensive environmental conservation to protect
Fujisan, so that people can be proud of the mountain to the world and that future
generations can enjoy bountiful benefits of Fujisan.

Content relevantto the nominatedproperty

In order to pass on the value of Fujisan in the best condition possible to future generations,
measures such as “conservation of the natural environment according to the naturalcharacteristics”, “the development of local townscapes and landscapes in harmony with theconservation of views of Fujisan and the natural environment”, “protection andtransmission of traditional performance and cultural properties related to Fujisan”, and“utilization of Fujisan in the effort toward the friendly and rich local communities withmaximum consideration to environmental consideration” are to be taken.

Name of the plan

Fujisan General Environmental Conservation Guidelines

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Shizuoka Prefecture (March 1996)

Target area

The area corresponding to the reach of the lava and volcanic ejecta of Fujisan in
Fujinomiya City, Fuji City, Gotemba City, Susono City, and Oyama Town

Main objective

To present the targets, action policies, and the roles of citizens for the purposes ofconserving the environment of Fujisan in better condition, so that people can be proud of
the mountain to the world and pass on its benefits to future generations.

Content relevantto the nominatedproperty

The six elements of “topography and geology”, “water”, “plants”, “animals”, “landscapes”,
and “culture of Fujisan” are selected and the targets for the protection of biodiversity, theconservation of views, and the preservation and utilization of cultural properties arepresented. It is planned to raise awareness about the guidelines, promote conservation
movements, and establish the system for the implementation of the guidelines.

Name of the plan

Yamanashi Prefecture Basic Environment Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Yamanashi Prefecture (February 2005)

Target area

Entire Yamanashi Prefecture

Main objective

To set out necessary matters for the promotion of comprehensive and long-term policies
concerning the environmental conservation and creation.

Content relevantto the nominatedpropertyWith regard to Fujisan and its surrounding areas, measures to conserve the naturalenvironment and landscapes are to be taken.

Name of the plan

3rd Shizuoka Prefecture Basic Environment Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Shizuoka Prefecture (March 2011)

Target area

Entire Shizuoka Prefecture

Main objective

To present the directions of environmental policies of Shizuoka Prefecture for the 10-year
period from 2011 to 2021.

Content relevantto the nominatedproperty

Issues such as the increase in the environmental load in association with the increase in thenumber of visitors to Fujisan and the illegal dumping of wastes at the mountain foot areas
are identified with plans for measures to solve them and other actions toward theinscription on the World Heritage List.

3) Forest-related plans
The “main objective” and “content relevant to the nominated property” of forest-related plans arecommon to all the listed plans and therefore shown at the top.
Main objective

To present the directions of forest-related policies in individual planning areas and thetargets etc. for the forest development and conservation that meets the local characteristics.

Content relevantto the nominatedpropertyWith regard to the forests existing in the property area of Fujisan, the natural environment
and excellent forest landscapes, it is the basic principle to conserve the natural environment
and excellent forest landscapes in the development and management of forests.

Name of the plan

Yamanashi Forest and Forestry Basic Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Yamanashi Prefecture (February 2004)

Target area

Entire Yamanashi Prefecture

2nd Prefectural Forest Management Plan

Name of the plan
Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Yamanashi Prefecture (April 2011)

Target area

Entire Yamanashi Prefecture

Regional Forest Plan
(Eastern Yamanashi Forest Planning Area)

Name of the plan
Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Yamanashi Prefecture (revised in December 2011)

Target area

Eastern Yamanashi Forest Planning Area (Fujiyoshida City, Tsuru City, Otsuki City,
Uenohara City, Doshi Village, Nishikatsura Town, Oshino Village, Yamanakako Village,
Narusawa Village, Fujikawaguchiko Town, Kosuge Village, and Tabayama Village)

Regional Forest Plan
(Fujikawa River Middle Valley Forest Planning Area)

Name of the plan
Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Yamanashi Prefecture (revised in December 2011)

Target area

Fujikawa River Middle Valley Forest Planning Area (Ichikawamisato Town, Hayakawa
Town, Minobu Town, Nambu Town, and Fujikawa Town)

Regional Forest Plan
(Fuji Regional Forest Planning Area)

Name of the plan
Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Shizuoka Prefecture (April 2011)

Target area

Fuji Forest Planning Area (Numazu City, Mishima City, Fujinomiya City, Fuji City,
Gotemba City, Susono City, Shimizu Town, Nagaizumi Town, and Oyama Town)

Regional Forest Plan
(Shizuoka Regional Forest Planning Area)

Name of the plan
Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Shizuoka Prefecture (April 2010)

Target area

Shizuoka Forest Planning Area (Shizuoka City, Shimada City, Yaizu City, Fujieda City,
Makinohara City, Yoshida Town, and Kawanehon Town)

Name of the plan

7

Shizuoka Prefecture Forest Coexistence Basic Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Shizuoka Prefecture / Citizens’ Forest Roundtable Meeting7 (revised in March 2011)

Target area

Entire Shizuoka Prefecture

Citizens’ Forest Roundtable Meeting:

A meeting that was set up by Shizuoka Prefecture in 2006 as the promoter of coexistence between forests a
purpose of facilitating the consensus building process and promoting collaborative actions among the citizens. It aims
citizens of Shizuoka Prefecture to take the lead in thinking about local forests and working together for the improvemen
Established at each of the four regional forest planning areas of Shizuoka Prefecture (Izu, Fuji, Shizuoka, and Tenryu).

4) City planning-related plans
The “main objective” and “content relevant to the nominated property” of city planning-relatedplans are common to all the plans below and therefore shown at the top.
Main objective

To present the mid-term and long-term policies for the city development at individual
planning areas.

Content relevantto the nominatedproperty

Historical, cultural resources and rich natural resources that exist within the property areaof Fujisan are to be utilized and the development of landscapes and towns in a manner thatenhances the attractive characters of individual places is to be promoted.

Name of the plan

Yamanashi Prefecture City Planning Master Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Yamanashi Prefecture (March 2010)

Target area

Entire Yamanashi Prefecture

Name of the plan

Policies for the Development and Conservation of Northern Fuji City Planning Area

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Yamanashi Prefecture (March 2011)

Target area

Northern Fuji City Planning Area (part of Fujiyoshida City, Nishikatsura Town,
Yamanakako Village, and Fujikawaguchiko Town and entire Oshino Village)

Name of the plan

Policies for the Development and Conservation of Gakunan Regional City Planning Area

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Shizuoka Prefecture (March 2011)

Target area

Gakunan Regional City Planning Area (entire areas of Fuji City and Fujinomiya City)

Name of the plan

Policies for the Development and Conservation of Shizuoka City Planning Area

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Shizuoka Prefecture (December 2010)

Target area

Shizuoka City Planning Area (Shizuoka City)

Name of the plan

Policies for the Development and Conservation of Gotemba-Oyama Regional City
Planning Area

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Shizuoka Prefecture (December 2010)

Target area

Gotemba-Oyama Regional City Planning Area (entire areas of Gotemba City and Oyama
Town)

Name of the plan

Policies for the Development and Conservation of Susono City Planning Area

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Shizuoka Prefecture (December 2010)

Target area

Susono City Planning Area (Susono City)Name of the plan

Fujiyoshida City City Planning Master Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Fujiyoshida City (March 2002)

Target area

Entire Fujiyoshida City

Name of the plan

Yamanakako Village City Planning Master Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Yamanakako Village (March 2004)

Target area

Entire Yamanakako Village

Name of the plan

Fujikawaguchiko Town City Planning Master Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Fujikawaguchiko Town (December 2010)

Target area

Entire Fujikawaguchiko Town

Name of the plan

Shizuoka City City Planning Master Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Shizuoka City (February 2006)

Target area

Entire Shizuoka City

Name of the plan

Fujinomiya City City Planning Master Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Fujinomiya City (March 2002)

Target area

Entire Fujinomiya City

Name of the plan

Fuji City City Planning Master Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Fuji City (March 2004)

Target area

Entire Fuji City

Name of the plan

Gotemba City City Planning Master Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Gotemba City (March 2008)

Target area

Entire Gotemba City

Name of the plan

Susono City City Planning Master Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Susono City (March 1999)

Target area

Entire Susono City

Name of the plan

Oyama Town City Planning Master Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Oyama Town (March 2002)

Target area

Entire Oyama Town

5) Disaster prevention-related plans
The “main objective” and “content relevant to the nominated property” are of the disasterprevention-related plans are common to all the plans below and therefore given at the top.

8

Main objective

To set out the basic matters concerning disaster prevention for individual planning areas in
a comprehensive manner and protect people’s lives, bodies, and properties from disasters.

Content relevantto the nominatedproperty

Disaster prevention plans for the volcanic disasters of Fujisan and the Tokai Earthquake,
which is anticipated to occur within the property area are included.

Name of the plan

Yamanashi Prefecture Regional Disaster Prevention Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Yamanashi Prefecture Disaster Prevention Committee 8 (revised in December 2011)

Target area

Entire Yamanashi Prefecture

Name of the plan

Shizuoka Prefecture Regional Disaster Prevention Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Shizuoka Prefecture Disaster Prevention Committee (revised in June 2010)

Target area

Entire Shizuoka Prefecture

Name of the plan

Fujiyoshida City Regional Disaster Prevention Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Fujiyoshida City Disaster Prevention Committee (revised in March 1997)

Target area

Entire Fujiyoshida City

Name of the plan

Minobu Town Regional Disaster Prevention Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Minobu Town Disaster Prevention Committee (revised in March 2006)

Target area

Entire Minobu Town

Disaster Prevention Committee:

Members include the Governors of Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture, and Heads of Designated Local Administrative
Bodies (local offices or departments of the national administrative bodies and other local administrative bodies that are designatedby the Prime Minister of Japan, such as Kanto National Police Agency). The committee prepares the regional disaster prevention
plan and, when disasters take place, take actions, including information collection about the disasters.

Name of the plan

Oshino Village Regional Disaster Prevention Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Oshino Village Disaster Prevention Committee (revised in March 2008)

Target area

Entire Oshino Village

Name of the plan

Yamanakako Village Regional Disaster Prevention Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Yamanakako Village Disaster Prevention Committee (revised in March 2007)

Target area

Entire Yamanakako Village

Name of the plan

Narusawa Village Regional Disaster Prevention Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Narusawa Village Disaster Prevention Committee (March 1997)

Target area

Entire Narusawa Village

Name of the plan

Fujikawaguchiko Town Regional Disaster Prevention Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Fujikawaguchiko Town Disaster Prevention Committee (revised in March 2009)

Target area

Entire Fujikawaguchiko Town

Name of the plan

Shizuoka City Regional Disaster Prevention Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Shizuoka City Disaster Prevention Committee (revised in February 2009)

Target area

Entire Shizuoka City

Name of the plan

Fujinomiya City Regional Disaster Prevention Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Fujinomiya City Disaster Prevention Committee (revised in March 2009)

Target area

Entire Fujinomiya City

Name of the plan

Fuji City Regional Disaster Prevention Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Fuji City Disaster Prevention Committee (revised in March 2011)

Target area

Entire Fuji City

Name of the plan

Gotemba City Regional Disaster Prevention Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Gotemba City Disaster Prevention Committee (revised in March 2009)

Target area

Entire Gotemba City

Name of the plan

Susono City Regional Disaster Prevention Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Susono City Disaster Prevention Committee (revised in March 2011)

Target area

Entire Susono City

Name of the plan

Oyama Town Regional Disaster Prevention Plan

Preparer (year of
preparation etc.)

Oyama Town Disaster Prevention Committee (revised in July 2009)

Target area

Entire Oyama Town

5.e. Property Management Plan or Other Management System
Among the component parts of the property, for those designated as Important Cultural
Properties, a Special Place of Scenic Beauty, a Special Natural Monument, a Historic Site, Places of
Scenic Beauty, and Natural Monuments under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties,
local governments have prepared individual preservation and management plans. And owners or
local governments etc. that are designated as Custodial Bodies are implementing their preservationand management properly.
With regard to the area designated as a National Park overlapping with some of theabove-mentioned areas, the Ministry of the Environment has prepared park plans and regional
management plans and is implementing proper management accordingly.
Also, with regard to the National Forests that overlap with the above-mentioned areas, thenational government is implementing the administration and management properly based on theregional administration and management plans that are prepared by the Director of the Kanto Forest
Management Bureau under the Law on the Administration and Management of National Forests.

1) Comprehensive Preservation and Management Plan
In January 2012, the Agency for Cultural Affairs, the Ministry of the Environment, the Forestry
Agency, Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and relevant municipal governments
established the “Fujisan Comprehensive Preservation and Management Plan” that covers the entire
area of the property, the buffer zone, and the management zone in coordination with local
landowners, etc. The entire text of the plan is included in Appendix 8 to this nomination document.
The six principles that are set out in the comprehensive preservation and management plan are as
follows:(1) Preservation and management of the Outstanding Universal Value;(2) Integral conservation of the surrounding area;(3) Monitoring;(4) Promotion, presentation, and utilization of the property;(5) Establishment and operation of the system for the implementation of the plan; and(6) Preparation and implementation of the action plan.
In the preparation of the “Fujisan Comprehensive Preservation and Management Plan”, fullconsideration was given to consistency and synergy among the Law for the Protection of Cultural

Properties, the Natural Parks Law, and the Law on the Administration and Management of National
Forests, individual plans that were prepared in close relation with these laws, other laws, regulations,and legal and administrative instruments that provide the basis for the conservation of thesurrounding area of the property.
The relation of this plan and individual laws, plans, etc. is shown in Figure 5-6.

In addition, thelist of the names of the individual plans that were prepared in close relation with the Law for theProtection of Cultural Properties, the Natural Parks Law, and the Law on the Administration andManagement of National Forests is given in Table 5-8. The summary of these individual plans isprovided in Attached Document 1 of Appendix 8, “Fujisan Comprehensive Preservation andManagement Plan”.

Table 5-8 Plans Related to the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, the Natural Parks Law, and the Lawon the Administration and Management of National Forests
Plan

Preparer

Year

Special Place of Scenic Beauty, Fujisan, Preservation andManagement Plan

Yamanashi Pref.

Revised in March
2006

Special Place of Scenic Beauty, Fujisan, Preservation andManagement Plan

Shizuoka Pref.

October 2006

Historic Site, Fujisan, Preservation and Management Plan

Yamanashi Pref.

January 2012

Historic Site, Fujisan, Preservation and Management Plan

Shizuoka Pref.

January 2012

Important Cultural Property, Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja
Shrine, Preservation and Utilization Plan

Fujiyoshida City

March 2010

1. Plans related to the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties

Special Natural Monument, Wakutamaike Pond, Preservation and Shizuoka Pref.
Management Plan

March 2009

Important Cultural Property, Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine Main
Hall, Preservation and Utilization Plan

Fujikawaguchiko
Town

March 2010

Place of Scenic Beauty, "Fujigoko” (Fuji Five Lakes) (Lake Fujikawaguchiko
Kawaguchiko, Lake Saiko, and Lake Shojiko), Preservation and Town
Management Plan

January 2012

Place of Scenic Beauty, "Fujigoko” (Fuji Five Lakes) (LakeMotosuko), Preservation and Management Plan

Yamanashi Pref.

January 2012

Important Cultural Property, House of the Osano Family,
Preservation and Management Plan / Important Cultural Property,
Former House of the Togawa Family, Preservation andManagement Plan

Fujiyoshida City

Revised in January
2012

Place of Scenic Beauty, "Fujigoko” (Fuji Five Lakes) (Lake
Yamanakako), Preservation and Management Plan

Yamanakako
Village

January 2012

Natural Monument, Oshino Hakkai Springs, Preservation andManagement Plan

Oshino Village

March 2011

Plan for the Preservation, Management, and Promotion for Natural
Monument Lava Tree Molds etc. in Fujikawaguchiko Town

Fujikawaguchiko
Town

March 2010

Natural Monument, Yoshida Lava Tree Molds, Preservation andFujiyoshida City
Management Plan

March 2010

Place of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monument, Shiraito no Taki
Fujinomiya City
Waterfalls 2 nd Preservation and Management Plan

Revised in March
2010

Place of Scenic Beauty, Mihonomatsubara Pine Tree Grove,
Preservation and Management Plan

Revised in March2011

Shizuoka City

2. Plans related to the Natural Parks Law
Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park (Fujisan District) Park Plan

Ministry ofEnvironment

theFuji-Hakone-Izu National Park Fujisan District Management Plan

Ministry ofEnvironment

theRevised in March2006
January 2000

3. Plans related to the Law on the Administration and Management of National Forests
Eastern Yamanashi Forest Planning Area Regional Administrationand Management Plan

Forestry Agency

April 2009

Fuji Forest PlanningManagement Plan

Forestry Agency

April 2011

Area

Regional

Administrationand2) System for Preservation and Management
The preservation and management of the property and the conservation of its surrounding
environment are properly conducted through mutual coordination among administrative bodies incharge of the relevant laws, local people, owners of the component parts, relevant organizations, etc.
However, in order to achieve the integral preservation and management of the wide area containing theproperty and the surrounding environment as a World Cultural Heritage or its candidate and improve it
toward perfection, the comprehensive preservation and management system that enables fullcoordination among stakeholders based on academic advice from experts is to be newly established.
In the system for the comprehensive preservation and management, the following three points areto be set out as basic directions: (1) to ensure the enforcement of and compliance with relevant laws
for preservation and management, (2) to integrate academic findings and opinions in the preservationand management, and (3) to mobilize public-private partnership for preservation and management.
To be specific, Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture have set up the “Fujisan World
Cultural Heritage Council” (hereinafter referred to as the “Council”), which monitors the existingstate of the property and the surrounding environment, ensures the proper enforcement of relevantlaws and regulations, and provides the venue for consultation among relevant organizations
concerning the preservation and management of the property and the conservation of thesurrounding environment.
In addition, the national agencies in charge of relevant laws and regulations etc. (Agency for
Cultural Affairs, Ministry of the Environment, Forestry Agency, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism, and Ministry of Defense) provide the Council with advice concerning thepreservation and management of the property and the conservation of the surrounding environment
as observers of the Council. Also, the Agency for Cultural Affairs, which plays the central role in
the preservation and management of cultural heritage properties as the national agency, facilitatescommunication, coordination, and consultation, as appropriate and needed, about important mattersfor the preservation and management of the property and the conservation of the surrounding
environment and preparation of periodic reporting on the state of conservation that must be
submitted to the World Heritage Committee, in coordination with Yamanashi Prefecture and
Shizuoka Prefecture, which play the central role in the Council and other national agencies.
Furthermore, in order for the Council to obtain academic advice from experts, the “Fujisan World
Cultural Heritage Academic Committee” (hereinafter referred to as the “Academic Committee”) is tobe set up.
The Council will have mutual cooperation with organizations and individuals engaging in thepreservation and management of the property and the conservation of the surrounding environment.
The above-mentioned system for preservation and management is schematically shown in Figure
5-7 and the roles of each organization are as follows:(i) Fujisan World Cultural Heritage Council(a) Objectives and functions(1) To monitor the existing state of the property and the surrounding environment anddiscuss the following matters in coordination with the national agencies in charge of therelevant laws and regulations etc. (Agency for Cultural Affairs, Ministry of theEnvironment, Forestry Agency, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism,
and Ministry of Defense):- Matters concerning the preservation, management, promotion, and utilization of theproperty;- Matters concerning the conservation of the surrounding environment; and- Matters concerning the establishment and operation of the system;(2) To discuss the periodic reports on the state of conservation of the property that need tobe submitted to the World Heritage Committee;(3) To have mutual cooperation with organizations and individuals who engage in thepreservation, management, promotion, and utilization of the property and theconservation of the surrounding environment.

(b) Members
The Council consists of Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture, which play thecentral role in the preservation and management of the property and the conservation of thesurrounding environment, and other administrative bodies that engage in local management work
based on the relevant laws and regulations (local offices of the Ministry of the Environment, theForestry Agency, and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism and relevant
municipal governments).
The national agencies (Agency for Cultural Affairs, Ministry of the Environment, Forestry
Agency, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, and Ministry of Defense)
provide the Council with advice as observers.

(c) Frequency
Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture organize the meetings of the Council
periodically and on an ad-hoc basis, when needed.

(ii) Fujisan World Cultural Heritage Council Working Group(a) Objectives and functions(1) To prepare and coordinate agenda items prior to the Council meeting in order tofacilitate the smooth deliberation at the Council;(2) To monitor the status of implementation of the “Fujisan Comprehensive Preservationand Management Plan” and to present issues and actions to be addressed to the Council;(3) To coordinate important matters concerning the preservation and management of theproperty and the conservation of the surrounding environment in coordination with thenational agencies in charge of the relevant laws, regulations, etc.; and(4) To discuss the preparation of the periodic reporting on the state of conservation of theproperty that need to be submitted to the World Heritage Committee.

(b) Members
Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, the relevant municipal governments, and therepresentatives of local communities, the owners of the component parts, relevant localorganizations, etc., who are directly involved in the preservation and management of the property
and the conservation of the surrounding environment are included as members.

(c) Frequency
Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture organize the meetings of the Working Group
before the meetings of the Council and on an ad-hoc basis, when needed.

(iii) Fujisan World Cultural Heritage Academic Committee(a) Objectives and functions
To provide the Council with academic and professional advice concerning the preservationand management of the property and the conservation of the surrounding environment.

(b) Members
The Academic Committee consists of academic experts with academic and professional
knowledge concerning the preservation and management of the property and the conservation of
the surrounding environment.

(c) Frequency
Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture organizes the meetings of the Academic
Committee, as needed.

(iv) Roles of members
The roles of the members that constitute the Council and its Working Group and those ofobservers are as follows:(a) Agency for Cultural Affairs(1) To facilitate communication, coordination, or consultation, as appropriate and needed,about important matters for the preservation and management of the property and theconservation of the surrounding environment and preparation of periodic reporting on
the state of conservation that must be submitted to the World Heritage Committee, as thenational agency that plays the central role for the protection of cultural heritage
properties in coordination with Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture, whichplay the central role in the Council and other national agencies;(2) To make efforts to collect information concerning the protection of World Cultural
Heritage within and outside Japan and provide information to the Council incontribution to the protection of Fujisan in coordination with the Ministry of theEnvironment and the Forestry Agency; and(3) To provide instructions etc. to the owners, managers, and Custodial Bodies, designatedunder the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, of the cultural properties that are
the component parts or included therein, when they carry out repair or restoration for the
maintenance of cultural properties or acts that affect the existing state or preservation,
based on the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties.

(b) Ministry of the Environment(1) To provide the owners and managers of the component parts with instructions etc.
concerning the natural environment and the surrounding environment that constitutes thebasis of the cultural value of the property in cooperation with Yamanashi Prefecture and
Shizuoka Prefecture, based on the Natural Parks Law; and(2) To make efforts to collect information concerning the protection of World Natural
Heritage properties within and outside Japan and provide information to the Council incontribution to the protection of Fujisan in coordination with the Agency for Cultural
Affairs and the Forestry Agency.

(c) Forestry Agency(1) To administer and manage national forests according to the Law on the Administrationand Management of National Forests and take measures concerning the conservation andmaintenance of forests, including the provision of subsidies for the improvement ofprivate forests; and(2) To make efforts to collect information concerning the protection of World Natural
Heritage properties within and outside Japan and provide information to the Council incontribution to the protection of Fujisan in coordination with the Agency for Cultural
Affairs and the Ministry of the Environment.

(d) Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism(1) To make efforts for the preservation and management of the property and theconservation of the surrounding environment by continuing the civil engineering works
aimed at the prevention of erosion at Osawakuzure and elsewhere and collapse of
mountain slopes and taking disaster prevention measures in the mountain foot area
including those against debris flows accompanying volcanic eruptions.

(e) Ministry of Defense(1) To make efforts to conserve the management zone through the use of maneuver fields etc.
together with Yamanashi

Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, relevant municipal

governments, and local citizens’ groups with long experience.

(f) Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture(1) To enforce the ordinances etc. in their jurisdiction properly, monitor the current status
and identify issues concerning the preservation and management of the property and theconservation of the surrounding environment, and implement necessary measures tosolve them over a wide area in coordination with the national government, municipal
governments, relevant organizations, etc.

(g) Municipal governments(1) To enforce the ordinances etc. in their jurisdiction properly and implement necessary
measures for the preservation and management of the property and the conservation of
the surrounding environment in coordination with Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka
Prefecture, local people, etc.

5.f. Sources and Levels of Finance
The management of the Cultural Properties that are the component parts and/or constituent
elements of the property is the responsibility of their owners or the local governments that aredesignated as Custodial Bodies under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties.
When the repair of buildings such as shrine buildings that are designated as Important Cultural
Properties, the national government subsidizes 50-85 % of the total cost, as necessary, except forminor repair work or other special cases.
When archaeological excavations, repair works, or improvement works are done for a Special
Place of Scenic Beauty, a Special Natural Monument, a Historic Site, Places of Scenic Beauty, or
Natural Monuments, the national government subsidizes 50% of the total cost, as necessary. In
addition to these national subsidies, Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture cover thebalance in the case that they are the Custodial Body of the Cultural Property in question, or subsidize
up to 50% of the balance after the national subsidy is deducted in the case that municipal
governments are the Custodial Body of the Cultural Property in question.
In addition, the installation of disaster prevention facilities for Important Cultural Properties, aSpecial Place of Scenic Beauty, a Special Natural Monument, a Historic Site, Places of Scenic
Beauty, or Natural Monuments is subsidized at the same ratios as is stated above.
The maintenance and management of woodlands, roads, rivers, buildings, and other structures
within the natural parks that are contained in the component parts are the responsibility of theirowners, project undertakers, or the executors of park programmes; the cost is covered by therespective owners or the executors of park programmes.
With regard to the National Forests included in the component parts, the Forestry Agency
conducts the preservation and management, with all of the cost covered by the national budget.
Besides the above-mentioned subsidies, a fund for promotion, utilization, and educational
programmes on the promotion, utilization, and protection of the component parts (“Fujisan Fund”)
was set up in 2006 by NPO “National Council on Mt Fuji World Heritage”, to which the private
finance from the domestic business world is also provided.

5.g. Sources of Expertise and Training in Conservation andManagement Techniques
The preservation and management of the component parts as Cultural Properties are theresponsibility of the owners (including religious organizations), the Boards of Education of
Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture, and the Boards of Education of relevant
municipalities that are designated as Custodial Bodies of individual Cultural Properties under the
Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties.
Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture exchange information with relevant municipal
governments closely and facilitate coordination concerning the preservation and management of theproperty.

Yamanashi Prefecture Buried Cultural Properties Center, Yamanashi Prefectural

Museum, and Shizuoka Prefecture Buried Cultural Properties Center are staffed with professional
and technical staff who possess the high level of skills for the preservation and management ofCultural Properties, providing technical assistance to the municipal governments concerning thepreservation and management of Cultural Properties.

In addition, the Independent Administrative Institution National Institutes for Cultural Heritage
carry out periodical training for the professional staff of local governments for the purposes of thesmooth promotion of presentation and utilization projects for Cultural Properties included in theproperty. throughout the country and the improvement of the skills and capabilities of professional
and technical staff. The staff members of Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and relevant
municipal governments participate in these training, improving their skills for the presentation andutilization of the property.
Furthermore, when minor repair or restoration is carried out as a measure to maintain Important
Cultural Properties, a Special Place of Scenic Beauty, a Special Natural Monument, a Historic Site,
Special Places of Scenic Beauty, and Natural Monuments, the Agency for Cultural Affairs provides
appropriate technical instruction and advice based on the prior application and therefore the highlevel of management techniques is maintained. The system for such instructions is to be continued
and reinforced in the future, too.
With regard to the preservation and management of the property as a National Park, the officersof the Kanto Region Environment Office, Hakone Natural Conservation Office, Fujigoko Ranger
Office for Nature Conservation, and Numazu Ranger Office for Nature Conservation of the Ministryof the Environment who possess well-developed knowledge of the nature protection systems andtechniques that are necessary for the preservation and management of the property are enforcing the
Natural Parks Law and other laws and regulations, including the requirement of prior permission forcontrolled activities.
With regard to the offices of the Kanto Regional Forest Office, Yamanashi Forest Ranger Office,and Shizuoka District Forest Office of the Forest Agency who possess well-developed knowledge ofthe systems and techniques necessary for the conservation and management of forests carry out theproper administration and management of National Forests and provide necessary professional
advice for the implementation of related projects, based on the Law on the Administration andManagement of National Forests and other relevant laws.
In addition, the Agency for Cultural Affairs, the Ministry of the Environment, and the Forestry
Agency are making efforts to collect and disseminate information about the preservation andmanagement of the World Heritage properties within Japan and also the state of the preservation andmanagement of World Heritage properties in other countries.
Day-to-day maintenance work such as the patrolling and cleaning of the property is conducted
not only by Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and municipal governments concerned, butalso actively by the Cultural Properties Protection Instructors commissioned by the Boards ofEducation of Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture and also by local people, NGOs
through collaboration.

5.h. Visitor Facilities and Infrastructure
Most of the component parts of the property are widely known as excellent sight-seeing spots
representing Japan together with other scenic spots in the surrounding area not only within Japan but
also to other countries, attracting many tourists including climbers in the summer season and othervisitors wishing to enjoy the seasonal expressions of nature. As a result, this area is one of the mostpopular tourist destinations in Japan, as is particularly the case with the component parts andconstituent elements shown in Tables 4-1 to 4-3.
The mountain foot area is easily accessible with railway networks including the Shinkansenbullet trains and road networks including expressways.

During the two-month climbing season in

the summer, approximately 300,000 people climb Fujisan to the summit. They come to the fifth
stations of one of the ascending routes by usually using shuttle bus services from the parking at themountain foot or by car and from there walk to the summit[refer to Table 4-1 to 4-3 in 4.b.iv] .

During the same period, approximately 1,200,000 climbers and other people visit the fifth stations of
the ascending routes.

In the recent years, climbers and visitors from other countries have been

increasing. Along the ascending routes, there are about 50 mountain huts in total, with the capacityof accommodating around 6,700 people per day. The distribution of these traffic networks andmountain huts is shown in Figures 5-8 and 5-9.

For the safety measures of climbers and visitors,

environmental measures, and parking lot installation, refer to 4.a 1)-iv of the main text of thenomination document; for response to visitors from other countries, refer to 5.i. 4).
For individual component parts and constituent elements, convenience facilities such as parking
lots and toilets are provided [refert to Figures 5-9 to 5-30].

In addition, facilities that have exhibits

related to the Outstanding Universal Value of the property are at 13 locations of the mountain footarea at present.

For the future, the installation of the “Fujisan World Heritage Center” (provisionalname), which will have exhibits related to the Outstanding Universal Value of the property and also
have functions for preservation and management, is planned. The details of facilities that provide
exhibits etc. are provided in the next section.

5.i. Policies and Programmes Related to the Presentation andPromotion of the Property
With regard to the presentation of the property, projects for repair, restoration, improvement, andmanagement are to be implemented in order to maintain the authenticity of the component part basedon the attributes of “form and design”, “materials and substance”, “function”, “location and setting”,
and “spirit and feeling” and the integrity of excellent views.
To be specific, projects that focus on the following points are to be conducted. The details of
the projects are provided on Appendix 8, “Fujisan Comprehensive Preservation and Management
Plan”.
(1) Countermeasures against fires and earthquakes for the buildings of Sengen-jinja shrinesand “Oshi” lodging houses;(2) Improvement of the compound of Murayama Sengen-jinja Shrine;(3) Improvement of the compound of Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine;(4) Environmental improvement of Oshino Hakkai springs and the surrounding area;(5) Improvement of Shiraito no Taki waterfalls and the surrounding area;(6) Improvement of the Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove;(7) Visual harmonization of the roadside areas in parallel with road construction projects;and(8) Technical assistance from Buried Cultural Properties Centers and museums concerningpreservation and management.
With regard to the promotion of the property, based on two directions of (a) comprehensive
information provision about the Outstanding Universal Value in consideration of the relations among
the component parts and (b) establishment of the system to receive tourists from within Japan andother countries, the Ministry of the Environment, Forestry Agency, Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka
Prefecture, and relevant municipal governments, which are Custodial Bodies of the individualcomponent parts of the property, and the owners of the individual component parts or theirconstituent elements take measures for promotion in full consideration of the following four points.

1) Promotion of comprehensive academic research on Fujisan
The repair, restoration, and promotion of Sengen-jinja shrine buildings, “Oshi” lodging houses,
and archeological sites included in the component parts and their constituent elements shall be
conducted with a high degree of accuracy based on the results of various academic researches suchas the study of structural members accompanying the dismantlement repair work of buildings andarchaeological excavations, in order to ensure the maintenance of the authenticity of their relevant
attributes.

In addition, academic research in various fields such as history, archaeology, ethnology,

natural environment, literature, and tangible cultural properties shall be conducted on a continuous
basis and their findings shall be reflected in the actions to address various preservation andutilization issues.
In Yamanashi Prefecture, Yamanashi Prefecture, since 2008, has started a comprehensive
research on Fujisan from the perspectives of history, worship, and art under the “Yamanashi
Prefecture Fujisan Comprehensive Academic Research Committee”, making efforts to collect,
inventory, and enrich the related materials. In addition, as an awareness-raising activity using its
research results, an explanatory meeting for local people is organized at least once a year.
Also, individual municipal governments, under the instruction of Yamanashi Prefectural Board of
Education and Shizuoka Prefectural Board of Education, conduct research on Cultural Properties
that are included in the property for the purposes of their preservation and utilization.
As a central facility for the transmission of information about the natural environment, history,
culture, etc. of the property, including the results of the above-mentioned research activities,
Yamanashi Prefectureand Shizuoka Prefecture are to set up the “Fujisan World Heritage Center”(provisional name) in cooperation with relevant municipal governments.
Both prefectures continue to carry out research necessary for preservation and management in the
future, too.

2) Installation of appropriate facilities for presentation and utilization
Currently, the “Yamanashi Prefecture Fuji Visitor Center” and other existing promotion facilities
that are listed in Table 5-8 organize exhibits related to the Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan.
The locations of these facilities on Table 5-8 are shown in Figure 5-8.

In the future, from theperspective of the effective information provision of the Outstanding Universal Value, further efforts
will be made to enrich the information content, facilities, and system; in addition, the “Fujisan World

Heritage Center” (provisional name) will be installed as a central facility for the transmission of theresults of the research about Fujisan’s natural environment, history, culture, etc. under thecooperation of Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and relevant municipal governments.
When these facilities need repair or refurbishment, decision on the appropriate location, scale,and design will be taken from the perspective of providing sufficient information and convenience tovisitors, while full consideration is given to the visual impact on the property.

3) Dissemination of information to local people etc.
Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and relevant municipal governments disseminate
information to local people and visitors through the lectures and seminars shown in Table 5-9 for thecomprehensive understanding of the Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan in the light of therelationships among the component parts.
In addition, as part of the daily activities for information dissemination, guidebooks etc. are to be
improved; efforts for the comprehensive information provision about the Outstanding Universal
Value of Fujisan will be made in coordination with school education for local elementary school
children and high school students and social education activities for local people.

4) Response to domestic and international tourists
In 2010, the Ministry of the Environment, Yamanashi Prefecture, and Shizuoka Prefecture have
prepared the “General Guidelines for Signs on Fujisan” and the “Plan to Integrate and Streamline
Signs on Fujisan” in coordination with local municipal governments and other stakeholders.
Currently, road signs, interpretation boards, etc. of uniform design are being installed in four
languages (Japanese, English, Chinese, and Korean) and will be further promoted in the future, too.
In addition, the manners and rules of mountain-climbing will be disseminated throughmulti-language guidebooks and natural environment lectures to be given by Fujisan Rangers etc.
Furthermore, model courses will be selected according to the purposes of visitors and guides will be
trained with a view to contributing to the communication of the Outstanding Universal Value of
Fujisan and the improvement of the manners of tourists.
Photo 5-1 (left)
Prefecture

Guidebooks in different languages

Photo 5-2 (center)
Photo 5-3 (right)(Japanese, Portuguese, Chinese, and Korean)

Natural environment lectures by rangers
Sign on an ascending route© Shizuoka Prefecture© Yamanashi Prefecture© Yamanashi Prefecture

Photo 5-4 (upper left)

Yamanashi Prefecture Fuji Visitor Center

Photo 5-5 (upper right)
Forest Park

Gotemba City Mt Fuji Exchange Center ("Fujisan Juku no Mori”)

Photo 5-6 (right)© Shizuoka

Gotemba City Mt Fuji Exchange Center (exhibit)© Mt Fuji Juku

© Mt Fuji Juku Forest Park

Table 5-8 List of facilities for the communication of the OUV of the property
No.

Name

LocationContent

1

Yamanashi Prefecture Fuji
Visitor Center

Fujikawaguchiko Town

Information facility that provides information about
Fujisan by theme (climbing/nature and culture).

Yamanashi
Institute ofEnvironmental Sciences

Fujiyoshida City

Research institute that collects a wide range of
information on the environment and provide it in aneasy-to-understand manner.

3

Fujiyoshida Museum
Local History

of

Fujiyoshida City

Museum where visitors can learn about the history
and culture of Fujisan and Fujiyoshida City.

4

Former House
Togawa Family

theFujiyoshida City

Facility that exhibits information materials on thehistory of the Togawa Family and Fujisan worship.

Fujiyoshida City FujisanWorld Heritage Information
CenterFujiyoshida City

Information facility that provides information about
the attractiveness and value of Fujisan andFujiyoshida City. Guided tours are available to learn
about the history and culture of a town of "Oshi”
guides.

Funatsu Tainai Field Center

Fujikawaguchiko Town

Nature museum where visitors can learn about
Fujisan’s history and rich natural environment.

Lake Motosuko Tourist
Information
Center/Motosu History Museum

Fujikawaguchiko Town

Facility that exhibits information materials on
Fujisan, Lake Motosuko, and the naturalenvironment and history of the Motosu area.

Lake Saiko Bat
Information Center

Fujikawaguchiko Town

Central facility of guided nature tours to experience
the natural environment of the Aokigaharajukai
woodland, including Lake Saiko bat caves.

Fuji Municipal Museum

Fuji City

Museum that collects and stores informationmaterials on and carries out research and givelectures on the theme of "living in Fuji”.

SusonoMuseumFujisanSusono City

Facility that exhibits information materials on
Fujisan’s formation, history, plants and animals, andpeople’s life.

11

Gotemba
City
Fujisan
Exchange Center ("Fujisan
Juku no Mori”)

Gotemba City

Tourist center that provides information on Fujisan
and plays a role in activating local economy andcommunity.

12

Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine
1200thAnniversaryMuseumOyama Town

Facility that store and exhibit the shrine’s treasures,archives, and information materials on Fuji-ko,
lodging houses, and Yamamuro.

Road Station Subashiri

Oyama Town

Facility that exhibits information materials on thehistory of the Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine and Oyama
Town.

2

5

6

7

8

9

10

13

City

of

Cave

Table 5-9 Lectures, seminars, etc. for the comprehensive understanding of the Outstanding Universal Value of the property
Organizer

Major projectYear

Shizuoka Prefecture

Fujisan World Cultural Heritage Lecture on Demand

From 2006

Yamanashi Prefecture

Fujisan World Heritage Lecture on Demand

From 2007

Yamanashi Prefecture

Public Reporting Workshop of the Yamanashi Prefecture
Fujisan Comprehensive Academic Research Committee

From 2009

Municipal governments

Fujisan Seminars

From 2003

Municipal governments

Fujiyoshida City World Heritage Technical School andMuseum History Lecture

From 2009

5.j. Staffing Levels and Expertise
Cultural Properties Protection Instructors (hereinafter referred to as “Instructors”), based on theirprofessional expertise are awarded by the boards of education of Yamanashi and Shizuoka
prefectures, conduct periodic patrols and inspection of the Cultural Properties included in theproperty and provide advice to the boards of education of both prefectures concerning theirprotection. Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture, based on reports from Instructors, give
instruction to the Cultural Properties’ owners and relevant municipalities that function as Custodial
Bodies concerning the preservation and management of Cultural Properties.
With regard to the area designated as a National Park, Rangers ( government officials of the
Ministry of the Environment) conduct a wide range of natural conservation work including research
for the protection of the natural environment, animals, and plants within the park, patrols to makesure that permitted activities are performed in accordance with the content of the application,
wildlife protection, alien species countermeasures, and rural-urban landscape conservation.
In addition, with respect to the National Forests, the officers of the Kanto Regional Forest Office,Yamanashi Forest Ranger Office, and Shizuoka District Forest Management Office conserve andmanage the forests.
In this manner, every effort has been made to put in place a system to maintain the property in agood state of conservation into the future.

Chapter 6
Monitoring6.a. Key Indicators for Measuring the State of Conservation
In the light of the "State of Conservation and Factors Affecting the Property" in Chapter 4, thefactors that affect the property negatively have been identified together with the corresponding
indicators to be monitored from three perspectives: (1) protection of the property and thesurrounding environment, (2) protection of individual component parts and constituent elements, and(3) transmission of the Outstanding Universal Value.

In addition, the system for the periodical andsystematic monitoring is also shown.
The list of major monitoring indicators is shown in Tables 6-1 to 6-3.
Table 6-1-1 List of monitoring indicators concerning the "protection of the property and the surrounding
environment" (1/2)
Factors affecting the property
and the surrounding
environment

Monitoring
indicators

Content and method of
measurement

Frequency

Records kept by:

Yamanashi Pref.
Shizuoka Pref.

Development
pressures

1. Impacts of
urban
infrastructurea) Length ofundergroundelectricity
lines

To measure the length ofundergroundelectricity
Every year
lines.

Environmentalpressures

2. Acid rainb) Ratio ofcompliancewith air
qualityenvironmental
standards(SO2)

To continuously monitor
the air quality andmeasure the concentrationof SO2
Every yearc) Vegetation
surveyTo inventory all the plant
species in 10 cm square Every fiveplots and monitor theyears
variation over years

Ministry of theEnvironmentd) Speed of riseof forestlimit

Tomonitor temporalchanges in the location of
the forest limit andEvery year
monitor the temporalchanges by using aerial
photos

Ministry of theEnvironment andResearch institutese) Temperaturechanges overtime

To continuously monitor
Every year Meteorological Agency
the air quality andmeasure air temperatures

4. Impacts fromwild animals
and pestsf) Area ofdamage frompest animals
and insects

To measure the area offorests damaged by pest
Every year
animals and insects.

5. Volcanic
eruptiong) Observationof volcanic
activities

To monitor volcanic
activities by using aseismometer, clinometer,
GPS, etc.

6. Erosion-caused
disastersh) Survey on
erosion-caus
ed disasters
and landform
collapses

To perform an aerial surveyof the topography of
Ministry of Land,
Osawakuzure
and
the
As
Infrastructure, Transportsurroundings and examine necessary
and Tourism
erosion-caused disasters andlandform collapses

7. Earthquakei) Observationofpremonitory
signs

To observe premonitory
signs by seismometer,volumetric strain-meter,clinometer, etc.

3. ClimatechangeNaturaldisasters

As
necessaryAs
necessary

Yamanashi Pref.
Shizuoka Pref.

Forestry Agency
Yamanashi Pref.
Shizuoka Pref.
Meteorological Agency
Yamanashi Pref.
Shizuoka Pref.
Research institutes

Meteorological Agency
Yamanashi Pref.
Shizuoka Pref.
Research institutes

Table 6-1-2 List of monitoring indicators concerning the "protection of the property and the surrounding
environment" (2/2)
Factors affecting the property
and the surrounding
environment
Naturaldisasters

8. Impact ofnaturaldisasters onbuildings,
landscapes,
etc.

9. Impact offires onlandscapes

Visitation

Photo 6-1

10. Impact ofincreased
visitors on
historicbuildings,
landscapes,
etc.

Monitoring
indicators

Content and method of
measurementj) Number ofculturalproperty
damagereports

To count the reports ofdamagetoculturalproperties.

k) Area of forest
damaged bystorm, flood,etc.

To measure the area offorests
damagedbystorms, floods, etc.

l) Area of forest
damaged byfires

To measure the area offorests damaged by fires.

m) Number ofvisitors tomajor points

Frequency

Records kept by:

Every
year

Yamanashi Pref.
Shizuoka Pref.
Municipal governments

Every
year

Forestry Agency
Yamanashi Pref.
Shizuoka Pref.

Every
year

Forestry Agency
Yamanashi Pref.
Shizuoka Pref.

Every
year

Yamanashi Pref.
Shizuoka Pref.

To count the number ofvisitors to major points.

n) Number ofvisitors(above fifth
station)To count the number ofvisitors who enter the area
above fifth station on eachascending route.

Every
year

Municipal
governmentso) Number ofclimbers(aboveeighthstation)To count the number ofclimbers who enter thearea above the eighth
station on each ascending
route.

Every
year

Ministry of theEnvironmentp) Number of
automobiles

To count the number of
automobilesatFuji
Subaru Line, Fujisan Sky
Line, and Fuji Azami
Line.

Every
year

Yamanashi Pref.
Shizuoka Pref.

Vegetation survey on Fujisan© Japan Wildlife Research CenterTable 6-2 List of monitoring indicators concerning the "protection of individual component parts and constituent
elements"
Negative impact on theproperty and the surrounding
environment
Individualcomponentparts

Views andlandscapes

Monitoring
indicators

Content and method of
measurement

1. Fires ofhistoricbuildingsa) Number ofinspectionsof fireprevention
facilities

To check fire prevention
facilities.

2. Deteriorationof historicbuildings etc.
that areincluded ascomponent
parts orconstituent
elementsb) State ofdeteriorationof historicbuildings etc.
that areincluded ascomponent
parts orconstituent
elements

To patrol the historicbuildings etc. that areincluded as componentparts
orconstituent
elements.

3. Water qualityof lakes andspringsc) Water quality

4. Survey on
visually
obstructive
elementsd) Number ofvisually
obstructive
elements at
viewpoints

Frequency

Records kept by:

Every
year

Owner
Custodial Body
designated under
the Law for theProtection ofCultural Properties

Every
year

Yamanashi Pref.
Shizuoka Pref.

To measure the water
quality(pH,
COD,
harmful substances, etc.)
of lakes (Fuji Five Lakes)
andsprings(OshinoHakkai).

Every
year

Yamanashi Pref.
Municipal
governments

To count the number ofobstructive elements
within the view at
viewpoints (LakeMotosuko north-west
shore andMihonomatsubara pinetree grove).

Every
year

Yamanashi Pref.
Shizuoka Pref.

Frequency

Records kept by:

Every year

Yamanashi Pref.
Shizuoka Pref.

Every year

Yamanashi Pref.
Shizuoka Pref.

Every year

Yamanashi Pref.
Shizuoka Pref.

Table 6-3 List of monitoring indicators concerning the "transmission of the OUV"Monitoring indicators

Content and method of measurementa) Number of participants inseminars etc. concerning
Fujisan

To count the number of participants invarious seminars and workshops concerning
Fujisan.

b) Number of participants inenvironmental
conservation activities

To count the number of participants inenvironmental
conservation
activities
concerning Fujisan.

c) Number of information
provision sources by
pamphlets / web pages

To count the number of and check the statusof published pamphlets etc. and information
provision through the web pages of
Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture,and relevant municipal governments.

6.b. Administrative Arrangements for Monitoring the Property
The monitoring, including periodical reporting to be submitted to the World Heritage Committee,
will be performed by Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and relevant municipal governments
as part of their responsibility as Custodial Bodies under the supervision of the Agency for Cultural
Affairs.

In accordance with Chapter V of the "Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of theWorld Heritage Convention" (2011), information on the condition of the property will be collected andrecorded every year and a periodic report assessing the state of conservation and management based on
the collected information will be compiled every six years to be submitted (in English) to the World
Heritage Committee via the UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
Table 6-4 Monitoring system
Role

Area

Organization in charge

1. Organization and divisionin charge of monitoring

Property andbuffer zone

Organization and representative: Yamanashi Prefecture / Governor: Shizuoka Prefecture / Governor
Division and person in charge :Yamanashi Prefecture World Heritage
Promotion Division, Director: Shizuoka Prefecture World Heritage
Division, Director

2. Supervising organization

Property andbuffer zone

Organization : The Agency for Cultural Affairs: The Ministry of the Environment: The Forestry Agency
Representative: Commissioner for Cultural Affairs: The Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation
Bureau, Director-General: Director-General of the Forestry Agency
Division and person in charge: The Agency for Cultural Affairs, the Monuments andSites Division, Director: The Ministry of the Environment, the Natural
Environmental Strategy Division, Director: The Forestry Agency, Research, Extension andEnvironment Policy Division, Director

3. Advisory organization

Property andbuffer zone

Organization : Yamanashi Prefecture: Shizuoka Prefecture
Representative: Governor of Yamanashi Prefecture: Governor of Shizuoka Prefecture
Division and person in charge: Yamanashi Prefecture, World Heritage Promotion
Division, Director: Shizuoka Prefecture, World Heritage Division, Director

6.c. Results of Previous Reporting Exercises
With regard to the items that are necessary for monitoring, the present and past materials anddocuments are properly collected and stored by Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, andmunicipal governments that have jurisdiction over the area where the component parts andconstituent elements are located, and research institutes. They are summarized in the list below.

Table 6-5 Materials and information collected for monitoring in the past
No.

Author/Editor

Title

Scope

Year

Summary

1

The Ministry of the
1,000 Monitoring
Environment / Nature Sites / Alpine Zone
Conservation Bureau / Report 2010
Biodiversity Center ofJapan

Fujisan
Mountain
Area

2010

To examine the biodiversity andecological functions of the Alpine
ecosystems, indicator organisms andphysiochemicalelements
weresurveyed at Mt Daisetsu, the North
Japan Alps (Mt Tateyama, Mt
Chogatake to Mt Jonendake), Mt
Hakusan, the South Japan Alps (Mt
Kitadake), and Fujisan.

2

Forestry Agency

Forest and Forestry
Statistics 2011

Fujisan
Mountain
Area

2011

Annually
publishednationwide
statistics of forests, including private
forests. The results of the survey onforest damage by pest insects and fires
are included.

3

Forestry Agency

Kanto Regional
Forest Office
Project Statistics
2010

Fujisan
Mountain
Area

2010

Annually published statistics ofnational forests in the charge of the
Kanto Regional Forest Office,including the Fujisan Mountain Area.
The results of the survey on forest
damage by pest insects and fires areincluded.

4

Mt Fuji Hazard Map
Examination
Committee

Mt Fuji Hazard
Map Examination
Committee Report

Fujisan
Mountain
Area

2004

Illustrative presentation of the resultsof the research and analysis of thecharacteristics of Fujisan as a volcano,
volcanic eruptions, and the extent andlevel of related hazards caused bylandslides etc.
The committee
discussed the types of damage,regional fire prevention measures, thecontent and transmission of volcano
disaster prevention information, theways of life of coexistence between
local communities and the volcano, thepreparation of "Mt Fuji Volcanic
Disaster Prevention Map", "Volcanic
Disaster Prevention Measures", and thecontent
of"Regional
DisasterPrevention Plans" to be prepared by
local governments.

5

Yamanashi Prefecture Environment of
Yamanashi

Entire area of
Yamanashi
Prefecture

2011

The
resultsofenvironmental
monitoring in Yamanashi Prefecture.

6

Shizuoka Prefecture

Entire areaof Shizuoka
Prefecture

2011

The
resultsofenvironmental
monitoring of air and water quality in
Shizuoka Prefecture.

State of Air
Pollution andWater
Contamination2010

Chapter 7
Documentation

7.a. Photographs, Slides, Image Inventory and Authorization Table
and Other Audiovisual Materials
Table 7-1-1 Inventory and authorization of Photographs, Slides and Images (1/13)
Id.
No.

FormatCaptionDate of Photographer
Copyright
photo / Director ofowner(mo/yr) the Video

Contact details of
copyright owner

Non
Publication
exclusiveon Webcession ofsite
rightsFujisan Hongu Sengen
Taisha Shrine
Slide / Fuji Mandala
Photo
Electronic Painted on Silk
2-3
Image (ca. 16th century)

Slide / Fujisan viewed
Photo
Electronic from south
2-4
Image (spring)

Slide / Fujisan viewed
Photo
Electronic from north
2-5
Image (summer)

1980s

2000

July
1996

Fujisan Hongu
Sengen Taisha
ShrineShizuokaPrefectural
Tourism
Association

Fujisan
Hongu
SengenTaishaShrine1-1 Miya-cho,Fujinomiya City,
Shizuoka Prefecture
418-0067
tel: +81-544-27-2002/fax: +81-544-26-3762
e-mail:info@fuji-hongu.or.jp
Shizuoka Prefectural
Tourism Association

F2 Mizunomori Bldg.,
14-1 Minami-cho,
Shizuoka
Suruga-ku, Shizuoka
Prefectural
City, Shizuoka
Tourism
Prefecture 422-8067
Association
tel: +81-54-202-5595/fax: +81-54-202-5597
e-mail:s-13-seikan@po4.across.or.jp
Public Relations
Division, Yamanashi
Prefecture

Public1-6-1 Marunouchi,
Relations
Kofu City, Yamanashi
Omori Daiichi Division,
Prefecture 400-8501
Yamanashitel: +81-55-223-1336
Prefecture/fax: +81-55-223-1525
e-mail:koucho@pref.yamana
shi.lg.jp
ShizuokaPrefectural
Tourism
Association

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

Slide / Fujisan viewed
Photo
Electronic from southeast
2-6
Image (autumn)

2000

Shizuoka
Shizuoka Prefectural
Prefectural
Tourism Association
Tourism(Refer to photo 2-4)
Association

yes

yes

Slide / Fujisan viewed
Photo
Electronic from northeast
2-7
Image (winter)

PublicPublic Relations
RelationsJanuary
Division, Yamanashi
Omori Daiichi Division,
Prefecture
1997
Yamanashi(Refer to photo 2-5)
Prefecture

yes

yes

yes

yes

Planning Division,
Narusawa Village
Slide / Fujisan viewed
Photo
Electronic from north2-8
Image (autumn)

After
1990s

Narusawa
Village1575 Narusawa-mura,
Planning
Minamitsuru-gun,Division,
Yamanashi Prefecture
Narusawa
401-0398
Villagetel: +81-555-85-2311/fax: +81-555-85-2461
e-mail:kikaku@vill.na
rusawa.lg.jp

Table 7-1-2 Inventory and authorization of Photographs, Slides and Images (2/13)
Id.
No.

FormatCaptionDate of Photographer
Copyright
photo / Director ofowner(mo/yr) the Video

Contact details of
copyright owner

Non
Publication
exclusiveon Webcession ofsite
rights

PREC Institute Inc.
Slide / Aerial view of the February
Photo
PREC Institute2009,Electronic nominated serial
2-9Inc.
Image property
2010

PREC
InstituteInc.

Slide / Aerial view of
PhotoElectronic Fujisan from
2-17
Image north

PREC
InstituteInc.

Slide /
Photo
Crater viewed
Electronic
2-19
from northwest
Image

July
2011

PREC Institute
Inc.

2000

PublicRelations
Division,
Yamanashi
Prefecture

3-7-6 Kojimachi,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo
102-0083
tel: +81-3-5226-1101/fax: +81-3-5226-1112
e-mail:info@prec.co.jp

yes

yes

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to photo 2-9)

yes

yes

PublicPublic Relations
Relations
Division, Yamanashi
Division,
Prefecture
Yamanashi(Refer to photo 2-5)
Prefecture

yes

yes

yes

yes

Imaki Hidekazu“Ohachimeguri”
Slide / (a circuit of the
Photo
AugustElectronic peaks of the crater
2-23
2011
Image wall at themountaintop)

Imaki
Hidekazu

Slide /
Photo
Crater (innerElectronic
2-24
sanctum)
Image

August2011

Imaki
Hidekazu"Goraiko"
Slide /
Photo
(sunrise) viewed
Electronic
2-28
from theImage
mountaintop

205 3-10-8 Tsunashima
Higashi, Kohoku-ku,
Yokohama City,
Imaki
Kanagawa Pref.
Hidekazu
223-0052
tel: +81-45-531-2775/fax: +81-45-531-2775
e-mail: now-marquee@celery.ocn.ne.jp
Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

August PREC Institute
2011
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to photo 2-9)

yes

yes

Torii gate near the
Slide / summit built by
Photo
December PREC InstituteElectronic people living in
2-30
2011
Inc.
Image mountain-footvillages

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to photo 2-9)

yes

yes

Omiya-Murayama
Slide /
Photo
Ascending Route August PREC InstituteElectronic
2-31(near the 9.5th
2011
Inc.
Image
station point)

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to photo 2-9)

yes

yes

Slide / Suyama Ascending
Photo
NovemberElectronic Route (near the 1st
2-32
2011
Image station)

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

yes

yes

Imaki
Hidekazu

Oyama Town Boardof Education
SubashiriSlide /
Ascending Route
Photo
Electronic
2-35(from 5th to 6th
Image
stations)

August2011

130 Adano,
Oyama
Oyama twon
Oyama-cho,twon Board
Board of
Sunto-gun, Shizuoka
ofEducation
Prefecture 410-1321
Educationtel: +81-550-76-5700/fax: +81-550-76-3290
e-mail:shougai@fuji-oyama.jp

Table 7-1-3 Inventory and authorization of Photographs, Slides and Images (3/13)
Id.
No.

FormatCaptionDate of Photographer
Copyright
photo / Director ofowner(mo/yr) the Video

Contact details of
copyright owner

Non
Publication
exclusiveon Webcession ofsite
rightsSlide / Yoshida
Photo
July
Electronic Ascending Route
2-37
2011
Image (near "Umagaeshi")

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

YoshidaSlide /
Photo
Ascending RouteElectronic
2-39(near the 1st
Image
station)

August2011

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

YoshidaSlide /
Photo
Ascending RouteElectronic
2-40(near the 9th
Image
station)

July
2011

PREC Institute
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to photo 2-9)

yes

yes

Kitaguchi Hongu
Slide /
Photo
Fuji Sengen-jinja
Electronic
2-43
Shrine /Image
Prayer-giving hall

June
2011

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

Kitaguchi Hongu
Slide / Fuji Sengen-jinja
Photo
Electronic Shrine /2-44
Image Mountain-ascent
gate

June
2011

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

Kitaguchi Hongu
Slide /
Photo
Fuji Sengen-jinja
Electronic
2-46
Shrine / Main hall
Image(front)

May
2011

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

Slide /
Photo
Yoshida FireElectronic
2-49
Festival
Image

August2011

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

Slide / "Fuji-ko"
PhotoElectronic adherents in
2-50
Image pilgrimage

June
2011

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

Slide / Aerial view of
PhotoElectronic Lake Saiko from
2-51
Image south

July
2011

PREC Institute
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to photo 2-9)

yes

yes

Slide /
Photo
Fujisan viewed
Electronic
2-52
from Lake Saiko
Image

April
2011

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

Slide / Aerial view of
PhotoElectronic Lake Shojiko
2-53
Image from southeast

July
2011

PREC Institute
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to photo 2-9)

yes

yes

Slide / Fujisan viewed
Photo
Electronic from Lake
2-54
Image Shojiko

December
2011

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

Slide / Aerial view of
PhotoElectronic Lake Motosuko
2-55
Image from southeast

July
2011

PREC Institute
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to photo 2-9)

yes

yes

yes

yes

Minobu Town

Slide / Fujisan viewed
Photo
Electronic from Lake
2-57
Image Motosuko

January
Matsuda Yukio
1996

PolicyPlanning
Office,MinobuTown

350 Kiriishi,
Minobu-cho,
Minamikoma-gun,
Yamanashi Prefecture409-3392
tel: +81-556-42-4801/fax: +81-556-42-2127
e-mail:kikaku@town.minobu.lg.jp

Table 7-1-4 Inventory and authorization of Photographs, Slides and Images (4/13)
Id.
No.

FormatCaptionDate of Photographer
Copyright
photo / Director ofowner(mo/yr) the Video

Fujisan Hongu
Slide / Sengen Taisha
Photo
NovemberElectronic Shrine /
2-58
2011
Image Wakutamaike Pond
(upper part)

Contact details of
copyright owner

Non
Publication
exclusiveon Webcession ofsite
rightsImaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

Fujisan Hongu
Slide / Sengen Taisha
Photo
Electronic Shrine /2-61
Image Prayer-giving halland main hall

April
2011

PREC Institute
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to photo 2-9)

yes

yes

Fujisan visible
Slide /
Photo
from FujisanElectronic
2-63
Hongu Sengen
Image
Taisha Shrine

April
2011

PREC Institute
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to photo 2-9)

yes

yes

Slide / Yamamiya
Photo
Electronic Sengen-jinja Shrine
2-65
Image prayer-giving space

April
2011

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

Murayama
Sengen-jinja Shrine /Slide /
Photo
Sengen-jinja Shrine April
Electronic
2-71(left) and Dainichido 2011
Image
(Mahavairocana
Buddha Hall) (right)

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

Suyama Sengen-jinja
Slide / Shrine / Sengen-jinja
Photo
April
Electronic Shrine (left) and
2-73
2011
Image Furumiya-jinja
Shrine (right)

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

Slide / Fuji Sengen-jinja
Photo
Electronic Shrine /2-74
Image Prayer-giving hall

April
2011

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

Slide / Stone monuments
Photo
NovemberElectronic in Fuji Sengen-jinja
2-75
2011
Image Shrine

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

Slide / Kawaguchi
Photo
Electronic Asama-jinja Shrine
2-78
Image / Prayer-giving hall

June
2011

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

Slide /
Photo
"Chigo no mai"Electronic
2-79(children’s dance)
Image

April
2011

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

Slide / Fuji Omuro
Photo
Electronic Sengen-jinja
2-81
Image Shrine. Satomiya

June
2011

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

Fuji Omuro
Slide /
Photo
Sengen-jinja Shrine
Electronic
2-82/ Motomiya main
Imagehall (front)

June
2011

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

"Oshi" lodging
house (Former
Slide /
Photo
House of theElectronic
2-83
Togawa Family) /Image
Front gate andgateway

April
2011

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

"Oshi" lodging
Slide /
Photo
house (Former
Electronic
2-85
House of the
Image
Togawa Family)

April
2011

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

Table 7-1-5 Inventory and authorization of Photographs, Slides and Images (5/13)
Non
Publication
exclusiveon Webcession ofsite
rightsDate of Photographer
Copyright
photo / Director ofowner(mo/yr) the Video

Contact details of
copyright owner

April
2011

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

Entrance of "Oshi"
Slide /
Photo
Decemberlodging house
Electronic
2-90
2011
(House of the
Image
Osano Family)

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

"Oshi" lodging
Slide /
Photo
Decemberhouse (House of
Electronic
2-91
the Osano Family) 2011
Image
/ Interior (sanctum)

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

Id.
No.

FormatCaption"Oshi" lodging
Slide / house (Former
Photo
Electronic House of the
2-86
Image Togawa Family) /Interior (sanctum)

Slide / Aerial view of
PhotoElectronic Lake Yamanamako
2-92
Image from west

July
2011

PREC Institute
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to photo 2-9)

yes

yes

Slide / Fujisan viewed
Photo
Electronic from Lake
2-93
Image Yamanakako

April
2011

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

Slide / Aerial view of
PhotoElectronic Lake Kawaguchiko
2-95
Image from southwest

July
2011

PREC Institute
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to photo 2-9)

yes

yes

Slide / Fujisan viewed
Photo
Electronic from Lake
2-96
Image Kawaguchiko

April
2011

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

Oshino Hakkai
Slide /
Photo
springs (Wakuike
Electronic
2-97
Pond [Component
Image
part 17])

June
2011

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

Slide / Funatsu lava tree
Photo
Electronic molds (entrance
2-106
Image to “Otainai”)

April
2011

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

Slide / Funatsu lava tree
Photo
Electronic molds (inside of
2-108
Image “Otainai”)

April
2011

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

Slide / Yoshida lava tree
Photo
Electronic molds (entrance
2-109
Image to “Otainai”)

June
2011

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

Slide / Yoshida lava tree
Photo
Electronic molds (inside of
2-110
Image “Otainai”)

June
2011

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

Slide / Hitoana Fuji-ko
Photo
NovemberElectronic Iseki (monuments
2-113
2011
Image and pagodas)

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

Slide /
Photo
"Hitoana"
Electronic
2-114(entrance)
Image

November
2011

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

Slide / Fujisan visible
Photo
Electronic from Shiraito no
2-115
Image Taki waterfalls

May
2011

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

Table 7-1-6 Inventory and authorization of Photographs, Slides and Images (6/13)
Id.
No.

FormatCaptionSlide /
Photo
Shiraito no Taki
Electronic
2-116
waterfalls
Image

Date of Photographer
Copyright
photo / Director ofowner(mo/yr) the Video

Contact details of
copyright owner

April
2011

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Non
Publication
exclusiveon Webcession ofsite
rights
yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

Shizuoka Prefecture
Shimizu Port
Authority
Aerial view ofSlide / Fujisan and the
Photo
Electronic Mihonomatsubara
2-120
Image pine tree grovefrom southwest

April
2006

ShizuokaPrefecture
Shimizu Port
Authority

ShizuokaPrefecture
9-25 Hinode-cho,
Shimizu Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka
Port
Prefecture 424-0922
Authority tel: +81-54-353-2201/fax: +81-54-354-0380
e-mail:port@mail.wbs.ne.jp
Shizuoka Prefecture
Public Relations
Division

December
2010

ShizuokaPrefecture
PublicRelations
Division

ShizuokaPrefecture
PublicRelations
Division

View of the Fujisan
Slide / Mountain Area
Photo
DecemberElectronic from the viewpoint
3-14
2011
Image on the shore of Lake
Motosuko

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki
Hidekazu

Imaki Hidekazu(Refer to photo 2-23)

yes

yes

View of the Fujisan
Mountain Area
Slide /
Photo
from the viewpoint
Electronic
3-15
on theImage
Mihonomatsubara
pine tree grove

ShizuokaPrefectural
Tourism
Association

Shizuoka
Shizuoka Prefectural
Prefectural
Tourism Association
Tourism(Refer to photo 2-4)
Association

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

Fujisan viewed
Slide /
from
Photo
Electronic
2-124
Mihonomatsubara
Imagepine tree grove

2000

Periodical
Slide / firefighting drill
Fujisan Hongu
Photo
January
Sengen Taisha
Electronic at Fujisan Hongu
4-8
2011
Image Sengen Taisha
ShrineShrineFujisan
Hongu
SengenTaishaShrine9-6 Oute-machi,Aoi-ku, Shizuoka
City, Shizuoka
Prefecture 420-8601
tel: +81-54-221-2233/fax: +81-54-254-4032
e-mail:PR@pref.shizuoka.lg.jp

Fujisan Hongu Sengen
Taisha Shrine(Refer to photo 2-3)
Tourist Sites andFacilities Division,
Yamanashi Prefecture

Slide / Clean-up
Photo
Electronic activities at the
4-12
Image mountaintop

TouristTourist Sites
Sites and
1-6-1 Marunouchi,
and Facilities
September
Facilities Kofu City, Yamanashi
Division,
2008
Division, Prefecture 400-8501
Yamanashi
Yamanashi tel: +81-55-223-1576
Prefecture
Prefecture /fax: +81-55-223-1670
e-mail:kankou-sgn@pref.ya
manashi.lg.jp
PREC Institute Inc.

Slide / Map indicating
FigureDecember PREC InstituteElectronic the location in the
1-1
2011
Inc.
Image world

PREC
Institute
Inc.

3-7-6 Kojimachi,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo
102-0083
tel: +81-3-5226-1101/fax: +81-3-5226-1112
e-mail:info@prec.co.jp

Table 7-1-7 Inventory and authorization of Photographs, Slides and Images (7/13)
Id.
No.

FormatCaptionNon
Date of Photographer
Publication
Copyright Contact details of exclusive
photo / Director ofon Webowner
copyright owner cession of(mo/yr) the Video
site
rightsSlide /
FigureMap indicating the December PREC InstituteElectronic
1-2Inc.
location in East Asia 2011
Image

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Slide / Map indicating the
FigureElectronic location in Kanto /1-3
Image Tokai Region

December PREC Institute
2011
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Map indicating the
Slide / extent of the
FigureDecember PREC InstituteElectronic nominated serial
1-4
2011
Inc.
Image property and buffer
zones

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Topographical map
Slide /
Figureindicating the extent December PREC InstituteElectronic
1-5
2011
Inc.
of the Fujisan
Image
Mountain Area

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Topographical map
Slide /
Figureindicating the extent December PREC InstituteElectronic
1-5-1
2011
Inc.
of the Fujisan
Image
Mountain Area (1/6)

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Topographical map
Slide /
Figureindicating the extent December PREC InstituteElectronic
1-5-2
2011
Inc.
of the Fujisan
Image
Mountain Area (2/6)

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Topographical map
Slide /
Figureindicating the extent December PREC InstituteElectronic
1-5-3
2011
Inc.
of the Fujisan
Image
Mountain Area (3/6)

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Topographical map
Slide /
Figureindicating the extent December PREC InstituteElectronic
1-5-4
2011
Inc.
of the Fujisan
Image
Mountain Area (4/6)

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Topographical map
Slide /
Figureindicating the extent December PREC InstituteElectronic
1-5-5
2011
Inc.
of the Fujisan
Image
Mountain Area (5/6)

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Topographical map
Slide /
Figureindicating the extent December PREC InstituteElectronic
1-5-6
2011
Inc.
of the Fujisan
Image
Mountain Area (6/6)

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Topographical map
Slide / indicating the extent
FigureDecember PREC InstituteElectronic of Fujisan Hongu
1-6
2011
Inc.
Image Sengen Taisha
ShrinePREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Topographical map
Slide /
indicating the extent December PREC Institute
FigureElectronic
1-7
2011
Inc.
of Yamamiya
Image
Sengen-jinja Shrine

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Topographical map
Slide /
Figureindicating the extent December PREC InstituteElectronic
1-8
2011
Inc.
of Murayama
Image
Sengen-jinja Shrine

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Topographical map
Slide /
Figureindicating the extent December PREC InstituteElectronic
1-9
2011
Inc.
of Suyama
Image
Sengen-jinja Shrine

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Table 7-1-8 Inventory and authorization of Photographs, Slides and Images (8/13)
Id.
No.

FormatCaptionDate of Photographer
Copyright
photo / Director ofowner(mo/yr) the Video

Contact details of
copyright owner

Non
Publication
exclusiveon Webcession ofsite
rightsTopographical map
Slide / indicating the extent
FigureDecember PREC InstituteElectronic of Fuji Sengen-jinja
1-10
2011
Inc.
Image Shrine (Subashiri
Sengen-jinja Shrine)

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Topographical map
Slide /
Figureindicating the extent December PREC InstituteElectronic
1-11
2011
Inc.
of Kawaguchi
Image
Asama-jinja Shrine

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Topographical map
Slide /
indicating the extent December PREC Institute
FigureElectronic
1-12
2011
Inc.
of Fuji Omuro
Image
Sengen-jinja Shrine

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Topographical map
indicating the extent
Slide / of "Oshi" lodging
FigureDecember PREC InstituteElectronic houses (Former
1-13
2011
Inc.
Image House of the Togawa
Family and House of
the Osano Family)

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

TopographicalSlide /
map indicating
FigureDecember PREC InstituteElectronic
the extent of Lake 2011
1-14
Inc.
Image
Yamanakako

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

TopographicalSlide /
map indicating
FigureDecember PREC InstituteElectronic
1-15
the extent of Lake 2011
Inc.
Image
Kawaguchiko

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Topographical map
Slide /
Figureindicating the extent December PREC InstituteElectronic
1-16
of Oshino Hakkai 2011
Inc.
Image
springs

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Topographical map
Slide /
Figureindicating the extent December PREC InstituteElectronic
1-17
Inc.
of Funatsu lava tree 2011
Image
molds

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

TopographicalSlide / map indicating
FigureDecember PREC InstituteElectronic the extent of
1-18
2011
Inc.
Image Yoshida lava treemolds
TopographicalSlide / map indicating
FigureDecember PREC InstituteElectronic the extent of
1-19
2011
Inc.
Image Hitoana Fuji-ko
Iseki
TopographicalSlide / map indicating
FigureDecember PREC InstituteElectronic the extent of
1-20
2011
Inc.
Image Shiraito no Takiwaterfalls
TopographicalSlide / map indicating
FigureDecember PREC InstituteElectronic the extent of the
1-21
2011
Inc.
Image Mihonomatsubara
pine tree groveTable 7-1-9 Inventory and authorization of Photographs, Slides and Images (9/13)
Id.
No.

FormatCaptionDate of Photographer
Copyright
photo / Director ofowner(mo/yr) the Video

Contact details of
copyright owner

Non
Publication
exclusiveon Webcession ofsite
rightsTopographical map
Slide / indicating the extent
FigureDecember PREC InstituteElectronic of the
2011
Inc.
1-21-1
Image Mihonomatsubara
pine tree grove (1/3)

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Topographical map
Slide / indicating the extent
FigureDecember PREC InstituteElectronic of the
2011
Inc.
1-21-2
Image Mihonomatsubara
pine tree grove (2/3)

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Topographical map
Slide / indicating the extent
FigureDecember PREC InstituteElectronic of the
2011
Inc.
1-21-3
Image Mihonomatsubara
pine tree grove (3/3)

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Schematic diagram
Slide /
Figureof the Outstanding December PREC InstituteElectronic
2-4
Inc.
Universal Value of 2011
Image
Fujisan

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Map indicating
Slide /
the extent of the
FigureElectronic
2-5
nominated serial
Imageproperty

December PREC Institute
2011
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Map of the
Figure Electronic
December PREC InstituteFujisan Mountain2-13 Image
2011
Inc.
Area

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Map ofFigure Electronic
Mountaintop
2-14 Image
worship sites

December PREC Institute
2011
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Map ofFigure Electronic
December PREC InstituteOmiya-Murayama
2-15 Image
2011
Inc.
Ascending Route

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Figure Electronic Map of Suyama December PREC Institute2-16 Image Ascending Route
2011
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Figure Electronic Map of Subashiri December PREC Institute2-17 Image Ascending Route
2011
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Figure Electronic Map of Yoshida December PREC Institute2-18 Image Ascending Route
2011
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Map of Kitaguchi
Figure Electronic
December PREC InstituteHongu Fuji
2-19 Image
2011
Inc.
Sengen-jinja Shrine

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Plan of thecompound of
Figure Electronic
December PREC Institute
Kitaguchi Hongu
2-20 Image
2011
Inc.
Fuji Sengen-jinja
ShrinePREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Table 7-1-10 Inventory and authorization of Photographs, Slides and Images (10/13)
Id.
No.

FormatCaptionDate of Photographer
Copyright
photo / Director ofowner(mo/yr) the Video

Contact details of
copyright owner

Non
Publication
exclusiveon Webcession ofsite
rightsWorld Heritage
Promotion Office, Mt
Fuji Section,
Fujiyoshida City

Drawings of themain hall of
Figure Electronic
Kitaguchi Hongu
2-21 Image
Fuji Sengen-jinja
ShrineWorld
World Heritage Heritage
Promotion 1842 Shimoyoshida,
Promotion
March Office, Mt Fuji Office, Mt
Fujiyoshida City,
2010
Section,Fuji
Yamanashi Prefecture
Section,403-8601
Fujiyoshida
City
Fujiyoshida tel: +81-555-22-1055
City/fax: +81-555-24-2235
e-mail:fujisan@city.fujiyoshi
da.lg.jp

yes

yes

Drawings of themain hall of the
Figure Electronic east shrine of
2-22 Image Kitaguchi Hongu
Fuji Sengen-jinja
ShrineWorld
World Heritage Heritage
World Heritage
Promotion
Promotion
Promotion Office, Mt
March Office, Mt Fuji Office, Mt
Fuji Section,
2010
Fuji
Section,Fujiyoshida City
Fujiyoshida
Section,(Refer to Figure 2-21)
City
Fujiyoshida
City

yes

yes

Drawings of themain hall of the
Figure Electronic west shrine of
2-23 Image Kitaguchi Hongu
Fuji Sengen-jinja
ShrineWorld
World Heritage Heritage
World Heritage
Promotion
Promotion
Promotion Office, Mt
March Office, Mt Fuji Office, Mt
Fuji Section,
2010
Section,Fuji
Fujiyoshida City
Fujiyoshida
Section,(Refer to Figure 2-21)
Fujiyoshida
City
City

yes

yes

Figure Electronic Map of Lake
2-24 Image Saiko

December PREC Institute
2011
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Figure Electronic Map of Lake
2-25 Image Shojiko

December PREC Institute
2011
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Figure Electronic Map of Lake
2-26 Image Motosuko

December PREC Institute
2011
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Map of FujisanFigure Electronic
Hongu Sengen
2-27 Image
Taisha Shrine

December PREC Institute
2011
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Plan of the
Figure Electronic compound of Fujisan December PREC Institute2-28 Image Hongu Sengen
2011
Inc.
Taisha Shrine

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

The Japanese Association
for Conservation of
The Japanese Architectural Monuments
The Japanese
Association
Association for
2-32-5 Nishi Nippori,forNovember Conservation
Conservation Arakawa-ku, Tokyo2005
of
116-0013
ofArchitectural
Architectural tel: +81-3-6458-3611
Monuments
Monuments /fax: +81-3-6458-3612
e-mail:kanri@bunkenkyo.or.jp

yes

yes

PREC
Institute
Inc.

yes

yes

Drawings of themain hall of
Figure Electronic
Fujisan Hongu
2-29 Image
Sengen Taisha
ShrineFigure Electronic Map of Yamamiya December PREC Institute2-30 Image Sengen-jinja Shrine 2011
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

Table 7-1-11 Inventory and authorization of Photographs, Slides and Images (11/13)
Non
Publication
exclusiveon Webcession ofsite
rightsDate of Photographer
Copyright
photo / Director ofowner(mo/yr) the Video

Contact details of
copyright owner

Figure Electronic Map of Murayama December PREC Institute2-32 Image Sengen-jinja Shrine 2011
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Figure Electronic Map of Suyama
December PREC Institute2-33 Image Sengen-jinja Shrine 2011
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Figure Electronic Map of Fuji
December PREC Institute2-34 Image Sengen-jinja Shrine 2011
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Figure Electronic Map of Kawaguchi December PREC Institute2-35 Image Asama-jinja Shrine 2011
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Figure Electronic Map of Fuji Omuro December PREC Institute2-36 Image Sengen-jinja Shrine 2011
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

yes

yes

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

World
World Heritage Heritage
World Heritage
Plan of "Oshi"
Promotion
Promotion Promotion Office, Mt
lodging house
Fuji Section,
March Office, Mt Fuji Office, Mt
Figure Electronic(Former House of
2-39 Image
2010
Section,Fuji
Fujiyoshida
the Togawa
Fujiyoshida
Section,
City(Refer to Figure
Family)City
2-21)
Fujiyoshida
City

yes

yes

World
World Heritage Heritage
World Heritage
Promotion
Promotion
Promotion Office, Mt
March Office, Mt Fuji Office, Mt
Fuji Section,
2010
Section,Fuji
Fujiyoshida City
Fujiyoshida
Section,(Refer to Figure 2-21)
City
Fujiyoshida
City

yes

yes

yes

yes

Id.
No.

FormatCaptionFujikawaguchikoTown Board of
Education
1700 Funatsu,
Drawings of the
Fujikawaguchiko-machi,
Fujikawaguchiko Fujikawaguchiko
MarchFigure Electronic main hall of Fuji
Minamitsuru-gun,Town Board of Town Board of
2-37 Image Omuro Sengen-jinja 2010
Yamanashi Prefecture
Education
Education
401-0301
Shrinetel: +81-555-72-6053/fax: +81-555-73-1358
e-mail:syougai@town.fujikaw
aguchiko.lg.jp
Figure Electronic Map of "Oshi"
2-38 Image Lodging Houses

Drawings of"Oshi" lodging
Figure Electronic
house (Former
2-40 Image
House of the
Togawa Family)

December PREC Institute
2011
Inc.

PREC
InstituteInc.

Fujiyoshida City Bordof Education
Plan of "Oshi"
Figure Electronic lodging house
2-41 Image (House of theOsano Family)

2288-1 Kamiyoshida,Fujiyoshida Fujiyoshida City,
Fujiyoshida
City Board Yamanashi Prefecture
DecemberCity Board of
2011of
403-0005
Education
Education tel: +81-555-24-2411/fax: +81-555-24-4665
e-mail:rekibun@city.fujiyosh
ida.lg.jp

Table 7-1-12 Inventory and authorization of Photographs, Slides and Images (12/13)
Id.
No.

FormatCaptionNon
Date of Photographer
Publication
Copyright Contact details of exclusive
photo / Director ofon Webowner
copyright owner cession of(mo/yr) the Video
site
rightsFujiyoshida
Drawings of "Oshi"
Figure Electronic
DecemberCity Board of
lodging house (House
2-42 Image
2011
Educationof the Osano Family)

FujiyoshidaFujiyoshida City Bord
Cityof Education
Board of(Refer to Figure 2-41)
Education

yes

yes

Figure Electronic Map of Lake
2-43 Image Yamanakako

December PREC Institute
2011
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Figure Electronic Map of Lake
2-44 Image KawaguchikoDecember PREC Institute
2011
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Figure Electronic Map of Oshino2-45 Image Hakkai springs

December PREC Institute
2011
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Figure Electronic Map of Funatsu
2-46 Image lava tree molds

December PREC Institute
2011
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Drawings of
Figure Electronic
Funatsu lava tree
2-47 Image
molds (“Otainai”)

December PREC Institute
2011
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Figure Electronic Map of Yoshida
2-48 Image lava tree molds

December PREC Institute
2011
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Drawings of
Figure Electronic
Yoshida lava tree
2-49 Image
molds (“Otainai”)

December PREC Institute
2011
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Figure Electronic Map of Hitoana
2-50 Image Fuji-ko Iseki

December PREC Institute
2011
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Figure Electronic Map of Shiraito no December PREC Institute2-52 Image Taki waterfalls
2011
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Map ofFigure Electronic
December PREC InstituteMihonomatsubara
2-53 Image
2011
Inc.
pine tree grove

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Slide /
FigureElectronic Zones of Mt Fuji
3-3
Image

December PREC Institute
2011
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Map indicating theextent of thenominated property,
the buffer zone, andthe zones of legal
Slide / protection (Law for
FigureDecember PREC InstituteElectronic the Protection of
5-1
2011
Inc.
Image Cultural Properties,
Natural Parks Law,
and Law on the
Administration andManagement of
National Forests)

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Table 7-1-13 Inventory and authorization of Photographs, Slides and Images (13/13)
Id.
No.

FormatCaptionNon
Date of Photographer
Publication
Copyright Contact details of exclusive
photo / Director ofon Webowner
copyright owner cession of(mo/yr)the Videositerights

Map indicating theextent of the
Slide / nominated property,
FigureDecember PREC InstituteElectronic the buffer zone, and
5-2
2011
Inc.
Image the zones of legal
protection (other
laws)

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Map indicating theextent of the
Slide /
Figurenominated property, December PREC InstituteElectronic
5-3Inc.
the buffer zone, and 2011
Image
the management
zone

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Map indicating theextent of the
management zone andSlide / legal protection.
FigureDecember PREC InstituteElectronic (Urban areas of
5-4
2011
Inc.
Image Fujiyoshida City etc.
and the settlement
area of Oshino
Village)

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Map indicating theextent of the
Slide /
Figuremanagement zone December PREC InstituteElectronic
5-5Inc.
and legal protection 2011
Image
(maneuver fields
etc.)

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Slide /
ChronologicalFigureElectronic
A3-1
table of history
Image

December PREC Institute
2011
Inc.

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

Slide /
FigureChronological table December PREC InstituteElectronic
A3-2
Inc.
of conservation work 2011
Image

PREC
Institute
Inc.

PREC Institute Inc.
(Refer to Figure 1-1)

yes

yes

No

-

TBS Vision

-

Video

Fujisan-

TBS Vision

TBS Vision

5-3-6 Akasaka,
Minatoku, Tokyo,
102-0052 Japan
tel: +81-3-5571-5070
fax: +81-3-5571-5068

7.b. Texts Relating to Protective Designation, Copies of Property
Management Plans or Documented Management Systems, andExtracts of Other Plans Relevant to the Property
1) Laws (refer to Appendix 10 for the full text)-The Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties-The Natural Parks Law

1-The Law on the Administration and Management of National Forests

2) Comprehensive preservation and management plan (refer to Appendix 8 forthe full text)-Fujisan Comprehensive Preservation and Management Plan

3) Preservation and management plans related to the Law for the Protection ofCultural Properties (refer to Appendix 8, Attached Document 1, for details)-Special Place of Scenic Beauty, Fujisan, Preservation and Management Plan (Yamanashi
Prefecture)-Special Place of Scenic Beauty, Fujisan, Preservation and Management Plan (Shizuoka
Prefecture)-Historic Site, Fujisan, Preservation and Management Plan (Yamanashi Prefecture)-Historic Site, Fujisan, Preservation and Management Plan (Shizuoka Prefecture)-Important Cultural Property, Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine, Preservation andUtilization Plan
-Special Natural Monument, Wakutamaike Pond, Preservation and Management Plan
-Important Cultural Property, Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine Main Hall, Preservation andUtilization Plan
-Place of Scenic Beauty, “Fujigoko” (Fuji Five Lakes) (Lake Kawaguchiko, Lake Saiko, andLake Shojiko), Preservation and Management Plan
-Place of Scenic Beauty, “Fujigoko” (Fuji Five Lakes) (Lake Motosuko), Preservation andManagement Plan
-Place of Scenic Beauty, “Fujigoko” (Fuji Five Lakes) (Lake Yamanakako), Preservation andManagement Plan
-Important Cultural Property, House of the Osano Family, Preservation and Utilization Plan /Important Cultural Property, Former House of the Togawa Family, Preservation and Utilization
Plan-Natural Monument, Oshino Hakkai Springs, Preservation and Management Plan
-Conservation, Management, Maintenance and Utilization Plan for National Natural Monuments(Cava and Lava Tree Molds) within Fujikawaguchiko Town

1

The English title of the “Natural Parks Law” has been changed to “Natural Park Act” recently. In the text of this nomination
document, the old title, “Natural Parks Law”, is used, whereas the text of the law included in Appendix 10 is based on the new
English title, “Natural Park Act”.

-Natural Monument, Yoshida Lava Tree Molds, Preservation and Management Plan
-Place of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monument, Shiraito no Taki Waterfalls, 2nd Preservationand Management Plan
-Place of Scenic Beauty, Mihonomatsubara Pine Tree Grove, Preservation and Management Plan

4) Plans related to the Natural Parks Law (refer to Appendix 8, Attached
Document 1, for details)-Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park (Fujisan District) Park Plan
-Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park Fujisan District Management Plan

5) Plans related to the Law on the Administration and Management of National
Forests (refer to Appendix 8, Attached Document 1, for details)-Eastern Yamanashi Forest Planning Area Regional Administration and Management Plan
-Fuji Forest Planning Area Regional Administration and Management Plan

6) Plans of the local governments that have jurisdiction over the area where
the nominate property is located (refer to Appendix 9 for details)-2nd Stage Challenge Yamanashi Action Plan
-Shizuoka Prefecture General Plan
-5th Fujiyoshida City General Plan
-1st Minobu Town General Plan
-5th Oshino Village General Plan
-Yamanakako Village 4th Long-Term General Plan
-Narusawa Village 4th Long-Term General Plan
-1st

Fujikawaguchiko Town General Plan

-2nd Shizuoka City General Plan
-4th Fujinomiya City General Plan
-5th Fuji City General Plan
-3rd Gotemba City General Plan
-4th Susono City General Plan
-4th Oyama Town General Plan
-Fujisan General Environmental Conservation Measures Basic Guidelines-Fujisan General Environmental Conservation Guidelines-Yamanashi Prefecture Basic Environment Plan
-3rd Shizuoka Prefecture Basic Environment Plan
-Yamanashi Forest and Forestry Basic Plan
-2nd Prefectural Forest Management Plan
-Regional Forest Plan (Eastern Yamanashi Forest Planning Area)-Regional Forest Plan (Fujikawa River Middle Valley Forest Planning Area)-Regional Forest Plan (Fuji Regional Forest Planning Area)-Regional Forest Plan (Shizuoka Regional Forest Planning Area)

-Shizuoka Prefecture Forest Coexistence Basic Plan
-Yamanashi Prefecture City Planning Master Plan
-Policies for the Development and Conservation of Northern Fuji City Planning Area (part of
Fujiyoshida City, Nishikatsura Town, Yamanakako Village, and Fujikawaguchiko Town, andentire Oshino Village)-Policies for the Development and Conservation of Gakunan Regional City Planning Area (FujiCity and Fujinomiya City)-Policies for the Development and Conservation of Shizuoka City Planning Area (Shizuoka City)-Policies for the Development and Conservation of Gotemba-Oyama Regional City Planning
Area (Gotemba City and Oyama Town)-Policies for the Development and Conservation of Susono City Planning Area
-Fujiyoshida City City Planning Master Plan
-Yamanakako Village City Planning Master Plan
-Fujikawaguchiko Town City Planning Master Plan
-Shizuoka City City Planning Master Plan
-Fujinomiya City City Planning Master Plan
-Fuji City City Planning Master Plan
-Gotemba City City Planning Master Plan
-Susono City City Planning Master Plan-Oyama Town City Planning Master Plan
-Yamanashi Prefecture Regional Disaster Prevention Plan
-Shizuoka Prefecture Regional Disaster Prevention Plan
-Fujiyoshida City Regional Disaster Prevention Plan
-Minobu Town Regional Disaster Prevention Plan
-Oshino Village Regional Disaster Prevention Plan
-Yamanakako Village Regional Disaster Prevention Plan
-Narusawa Village Regional Disaster Prevention Plan
-Fujikawaguchiko Town Regional Disaster Prevention Plan
-Shizuoka City Regional Disaster Prevention Plan
-Fujinomiya City Regional Disaster Prevention Plan
-Fuji City Regional Disaster Prevention Plan
-Gotemba City Regional Disaster Prevention Plan
-Susono City Regional Disaster Prevention Plan-Oyama Town Regional Disaster Prevention Plan
Photo 7-1

Aerial view of Fujisan© PREC Institute Inc.

7.c. Form and Date of Most Recent Records or Inventory of theProperty
Relevant component
part(1) Fujisan Mountain Area

(1) Fujisan Mountain Area

(1) Fujisan Mountain Area

(1) Fujisan Mountain Area

(1) Fujisan Mountain Area

(1) Fujisan Mountain Area
(7) Kawaguchi
Asama-jinja Shrine(8) Fuji Omuro
Sengen-jinja Shrine(2) Fujisan Hongu Sengen
Taisha Shrine(3) Yamamiya
Sengen-jinja Shrine(4) Murayama
Sengen-jinja Shrine(9) "Oshi" Lodging House(Former House of the
Togawa Family)(23) Hitoana Fuji-ko Iseki

Name of the record

Published by"Fujisancho Shinko Iseki" [Fujisan Mountaintop
Worship Sites] (report of the Buried Cultural
Properties archaeological excavation project for
Fujisan World Cultural Heritage nomination in
FY 2008)""Omiya-Murayamaguchi Tozando"[Omiya-Murayama Ascending Route] (report ofthe Buried Cultural Properties archaeologicalexcavataion project for Fujisan World Cultural
Heritage nomination in FY 2008)"Fujisan Suyamaguchi Tozando Chosa
Hokokusho" [Museum of Mt Fuji Reference
Book. Report of the Research on Suyama
Ascending Route of Fujisan.]"Fujisan Yoshidaguchi Tozando Kanren Iseki"[Vol. 3 of Fujiyoshida City Cultural Properties
Research Report. Fujisan’s Archaeological Sites
Related to Yoshida Ascending Route] (report inassociation with the historic route promotion
and utilization project)""Fujisan Yoshidaguchi Tozando Kanren Iseki
II" [Vol. 4 of Fujiyoshida City Cultural
Properties Research Report. Fujisan’sArchaeological Sites Related to Yoshida
Ascending Route] (report in association with thehistoric route promotion and utilization project)""Yamanashiken Munafuda Chosa Hokokusho.
Gunnai II. Kawauchi II. Hoi" [Yamanashi
Prefecture Report of Ridgepole Tag Survey.
Gunnai Area II, Kawauchi Area II.
Supplementary Information]

Shizuoka Prefecture
Buried Cultural
Properties InstituteYear ofpublication
2009(printedmatter)Shizuoka Prefecture
Buried Cultural
Properties Institute2009(printedmatter)Susono City Board of
Education
Susono Municipal
Museum of Mt Fuji
Fujiyoshida City
Board of Education

2009(printedmatter)Fujiyoshida City
Board of Education

2003(printedmatter)Yamanashi Prefecture

2005(printedmatter)"Sengen Taisha Iseki. Yamamiya Sengen-jinja
Iseki" [Archaeological Sites, Sengen Taisha
Shrine and Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrine](Vol. 201 of the report of Shizuoka Prefecture
Buried Cultural Properties Research Institute inassociation with Buried Cultural Properties
archaeological excavation project for FujisanWorld Cultural Heritage nomination in FY
2008)"Murayama Sengen-jinja Iseki" [ArchaeologicalSite, Murayama Sengen-jinja Shrine] (Vol. 202of the report of Shizuoka Prefecture Buried
Cultural Properties Research Institute inassociation with Buried Cultural Properties
archaeological excavation project for FujisanWorld Cultural Heritage nomination in FY
2008)"Kyu Togawake Jutaku Hozon Shuri Koji
Hokokusho" [Report of the Preservation Repair
Work for the Former House of the Togawa
Family]"Shiseki Hitoana II” [Historic Site, Hitoana II.
Report of the Survey to Confirm the Area of the
Buried Cultural Property] (Vol. 28 of the reportof research on Cultural Properties of Fujinomiya
City)

Shizuoka Prefecture
Buried Cultural
Properties Institute2009(printedmatter)Shizuoka Prefecture
Buried Cultural
Properties Institute2009(printedmatter)Fujiyoshida City
Board of Education

2010(printedmatter)Fujiyoshida City
Board of Education

2001(printedmatter)2001(printedmatter)7.d. Address where Inventory, Records and Archives are Held
Yamanashi Prefectural Board of Education, Science and Cultural Properties Division
1-6-1 Marunouchi, Kofu City, Yamanashi Prefecture
Fujiyoshida City Board of Education, History and Culture Division2288-1 Kamiyoshida, Fujiyoshida City, Yamanashi Prefecture
Minobu Town Board of Education, Lifelong Education Division
1093 Tokiwa, Minobu-cho, Yamanashi Prefecture
Oshino Village Board of Education
1514 Shibokusa, Oshino-mura, Yamanashi Prefecture
Yamanakako Village Board of Education
237-1 Yamanaka, Yamanakako-mura, Yamanashi Prefecture
Fujikawaguchiko Town Board of Education, Lifelong Education Division
1754 Funatsu, Fujikawaguchiko-machi, Yamanashi Prefecture
Shizuoka Prefectural Board of Education, Cultural Properties Protection Division
9-6 Oute-machi, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka Prefecture
Shizuoka City, Culture and Sports Department, Cultural Properties Division
5-1 Oute-machi, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka Prefecture
Fujinomiya City Board of Education, Cultural Section
150 Yumizawa-cho, Fujinomiya City, Shizuoka Prefecture
Fuji City Board of Education, Culture Promotion Division
1-100 Nagata-cho, Fuji City, Shizuoka Prefecture
Gotemba City, Education Department, Lifelong Education Section
483 Hagiwara, Gotemba City, Shizuoka Prefecture
Susono City Board of Education, Lifelong Learning Division
435 Fukara, Susono City, Shizuoka Prefecture
Oyama Town Board of Education, Lifelong Learning Division
130 Adano, Oyama-cho, Shizuoka Prefecture

7.e. Bibliography
1) Property in general (natural and cultural status)- Fujisan Sekai Bunka Isan Toroku Suishin Shizuoka Yamanashi Ryoken Godo Kaigi and NPO
Hojin Fujisan Wo Sekaiisan Nisuru Kokumin Kaigi. "Fujisan Shinko To Geijutsu No
Minamoto". Shogakukan, 2009.

- Nihonkazangakkai, ed. "Fujikazan". Yamanashi Institute of Environhmental Sciences, 2007.
- Aramaki, Shigeo, and Miyo Ota. "Nihonichi No Kazan Fujizan”. Yamanashi Institute ofEnvironmental Sciences, 2008.
- Yamanashi Prefecture, ed. "Fujisan No Shizenkai". Yamanashi Prefecture, 1925.
- Ishihara, Hatsutaro. “Fuji No Kenkyu V Fuji No Chiri To Chishitsu”. Kampei Taisha
Sengen-jinja. Kokon Shoin, 1927
- Kishida, Kyukichi, and Yoshisada Yabe. Kampei Taisha Sengen-jinja, ed. ”Fuji No Kenkyu VI
Fuji No Dobutsu Shokubutu”. Kokon Shoin, 1928.
- Amano, Kiyoko, and Hirosato Sawato, eds. "Fujisan Womeguru Nihonjin No Shinsei". Hosei
University Research Center for International Japanese Studies, 2007.
- Fujinomiya City Board of Education. "Fujisan Bunkajuku Sosho”. 20 vols. Fujinomiya City
Board of Education, 1995 – 2001.
- Fushimi, Isao. “Fugaku Rekiran – Gaikokujin No Mita Fujisan”. Gendai Ryoko Kenkyujo,
1982.

2) Individual component parts- “Fujisan Shinko Iseki" (report of the Buried Cultural Properties archaeological excavataionproject for Fujisan World Cultural Heritage nomination in FY 2008). Shizuoka Prefecture
Buried Cultural Properties Institute, 2009.
- “Kokuyu Keidaichi Joyoshinsei Fukyokashobun Torikeshiseikyu Jiken". Fujisan Hongu
Sengen-Taisha, 1993.
- ”Shisei 50 Shunen Kinen Jigyo. Fujisan Murayamaguchi Tozando Ato Chosa Hokokusho”.
Fujinomiyashi Kyodo Shiryokan, 1993.
- “Omiya-Murayamaguchi Tozando" (report of the Buried Cultural Properties archaeologicalexcavataion project for Fujisan World Cultural Heritage nomination in FY 2008). Shizuoka
Prefecture Buried Cultural Properties Institute, 2009.
- “Fujian Shiryokan Shiryoshu. Fujisan Suyamaguchi Tozando Chosa Hokokusho". Susono City
Board of Education and Susono Municipal Museum of Mt Fuji. 2009.
- “Fujiyoshidashi Bunkazai Chosa Hokokusho Dai 3-shu. Fujisan Yoshidaguchi Tozando Kanren
Iseki" (report in association with the historic route promotion and utilization project).
Fujiyoshida City Board of Education, 2001.
- “Fujiyoshidashi Bunkazai Chosa Hokokusho Dai 4-shu. Fujisan Yoshidaguchi Tozando Kanren
Iseki II" (report in association with the historic route promotion and utilization project).
Fujiyoshida City Board of Education, 2003.
- “Yamanashiken Shiryo Sosho. Yamanashiken Munafuda Chosa Hokokusho. Gunnai II.
Kawauchi II. Hoi". Yamanashi Prefecture, 2005.

- “Daidai Kakura To Shishi Kagura". Fujiyoshida Museum of Local History, 2001.
- “Kunishitei Kirokusentaku Mukei Minzoku Bunkazai Chosa Hokokusho. Yoshida No
Himatsuri". Fujiyoshida City Board of Education, 2005.
- “Shizuokaken Shitei Yukei Bunkazai Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shaden (Romon, Haiden,
Heiden, Sukibe) Hozon Shuri Koji Hokokusho". The Japanese Association for Conservation ofArchitectural Monuments and Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha, 2005.
- “Fujinomiyashi Bunkazai Chosa Hokokusho Dai 22-shu. Sengen Taisha Iseki". Fujinomiya
City Board of Education, 1996.
- “Fujinomiyashi Bunkazai Chosa Hokokusho Dai 30-shu. Fujinomiyashi No Iseki II”.
Fujinomiya City Board of Education, 2003.
- “Fujinomiyashi Bunkazai Chosa Hokokusho Dai 31-shu. Sengen Taisha Iseki II”. Fujinomoiya
City Board of Education, 2003.
- ”Fujinomiyashi Bunkazai Chosa Hokokusho Dai 33-shu. Fujinomiyashi no Iseki III(Warabidaira Iseki, Tsukamoto Kofun Dai 2-ji, Sengen Taisha Iseki Dai 5-ji Hakkutsu Chosa
Hokokusho)”. Fujinomiya City Board of Education, 2005.
- “Fujinomiyashi Bunkazai Chosa Hokokusho Dai 39-shu. Sengen Taisha Iseki IV”. Fujinomiya
City Board of Education, 2008.
- ”Shizuokaken Maizo Bunkazai Chosa Kenkyujo Chosa Hokokusho Dai 201-shu. Sengen
Taisha Iseki Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Iseki" (report of the Buried Cultural Properties
archaeological excavataion project for Fujisan World Cultural Heritage nomination in FY2009). Shizuoka Prefecture Buried Cultural Properties Research Institute, 2009.
- “Murayama Sengen-jinja Chosa Hokokusho" Fujinomiya City Board of Education, 2005.
- ”Murayama Sengen-jinja Chosa Hokokusho – Iseki Han-i Kakunin Chosa Hen”. Fujinomiya
City Board of Education, 2005.
- “Susono No Bunkazai". Susono City Board of Education, 2002.
- “Suyama Chiku No Bunkazai Meguri”. Susono City Cultural Properties Protection Council and
Susono City Board of Education, 2007.
- “Shiseki Hitoana". Fujinomiya City Board of Educaiton, 1998.
- “Fujinomiyashi Bunkazai Chosa Hokokusho Dai 28-shu. Shiseki Hitoana II" (Report of theSurvey to Confirm the Area of the Buried Cultural Property). Fujinomiya City Board of
Educaiton, 2001.
- “Hitoana Sengen-jinja No Hito To Takuei". Fuji City Museum, 1999.
- “Fuji no Hitoana Zoushi”. Fuji City Central Library, 2008.
- “Meisho Oyobi Tennen Kinenbutsu Shiraito No Taki Hozon Kanri Keikaku Sakutei
Hokokusho". Fujinomiya City Board of Education, 1988.
- “Bungaku Ni Egakareta Shimizu". Shimizu City Board of Education, 2000.

3) Preservation and management plans- “Special Place of Scenic Beauty, Fujisan, Preservation and Management Plan (Yamanashi
Prefecture)”. Yamanashi Prefectural Board of Education, 2006.
- “Special Place of Scenic Beauty, Fujisan, Preservation and Management Plan (Shizuoka
Prefecture)”. Shizuoka Prefectural Board of Education, 2006.
- “Historic Site, Fujisan, Preservation and Management Plan (Yamanashi Prefecture)”.
Yamanashi Prefectural Board of Education, 2012.
- “Historic Site, Fujisan, Preservation and Management Plan (Shizuoka Prefecture)”.

ShizuokaPrefectural Board of Education, 2012.
- “Important Cultural Property, Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine, Preservation andUtilization Plan”.

Fujiyoshida City, 2010.

- “Special Natural Monument, Wakutamaike Pond, Preservation and Management Plan”.
Shizuoka Prefectural Board of Education, 2009.
- “Important Cultural Property, Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine Main Hall, Preservation andUtilization Plan”. Fujikawaguchiko Town Board of Education, 2010.
- “Place of Scenic Beauty, “Fujigoko” (Fuji Five Lakes) (Lake Kawaguchiko, Lake Saiko, andLake Shojiko), Preservation and Management Plan”. Fujikawaguchiko Town Board of
Education, 2012.
- “Place of Scenic Beauty, “Fujigoko” (Fuji Five Lakes) (Lake Motosuko), Preservation andManagement Plan”. Yamanashi Prefectural Board of Education, 2012.
- “Place of Scenic Beauty, “Fujigoko” (Fuji Five Lakes) (Lake Yamanakako), Preservation andManagement Plan”. Yamanakako Village Board of Education, 2012.
- “Important Cultural Property, House of the Osano Family, Preservation and Utilization Plan /Important Cultural Property, Former House of the Togawa Family, Preservation and Utilization
Plan”. Fujiyoshida City Board of Education, 2012.
- “Natural Monument, Oshino Hakkai Springs, Preservation and Management Plan”. Oshino
Village Board of Education, 2011.
- “Conservation, Management, Maintenance and Utilization Plan for National Natural
Monuments (Cave and Lava Tree Molds) within Fujikawaguchiko Town”. FujikawaguchikoTown Board of Education, 2010.
- “Natural Monument, Yoshida Lava Tree Molds, Preservation and Management Plan”.
Fujiyoshida City Board of Education, 2010.
- “Place of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monument, Shiraito no Taki Waterfalls, 2nd Preservationand Management Plan”. Fujinomiya City Board of Education, 2010.
- “Place of Scenic Beauty, Mihonomatsubara Pine Tree Grove, Preservation and Management
Plan”. Shizuoka City Board of Education, 2011.
- “Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park (Fujisan District) Park Plan”. Ministry of the Environment,
2006.
- “Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park Fujisan District Management Plan”. Ministry of theEnvironment, 2000.
- “Eastern Yamanashi Forest Planning Area Regional Administration and Management Plan”.
Forestry Agency, 2009.

- “Fuji Forest Planning Area Regional Administration and Management Plan”. Forestry Agency,
2011.

4) Comparative analysis- Pressouyre, Léon. "The World Heritage Convention, Twenty Years Later". UNESCO
Publishing, 1996.
- Bernbaum, Edwin. "Sacred Mountains of the World". Sierra Club Books, San Francisco, 1990.
- ICOMOS. "What is OUV?

Defining the Outstanding Universal Value of Cultural World

Heritage Properties". Hendrick Bässler verlag, 2008.
- ICOMOS. "Filling the Gaps – an Action Plan for the Future". ICOMOS, 2005.
- Fowler, Peter J. "World Heritage Cultural Landscapes 1992-2002". World Heritage Centre,
2003.
- IUCN. "World Heritage Volcanoes. A Thematic Study". IUCN, 2009.
- Kuwabara, Takeo. "Tozan No Bunkashi". Heibonsha, 1997.
- Miyake, Hitoshi. "Reizan To Nihonjin". NHK Publishing, 2004.
- Chavannes, Edouard. "Taizan – Chugokujin No Shinko” (original title: le t’ai chan : essai demonographie d’un culte chinois). Trans. Shota Kikuchi. Bensei Publishing, 2001.
- Sullivan, Michael. "Chugoku Sansuiga No Tanjo" (original title: The Birth of Landscape
Painting in China) Trans. Miyoko Nakano and Yasuko Oginome. Seidosha, 2005.
- Yamaguchi, Naoki. "Rihaku Toho". Gakken Publishing, 2011.
- Cai, Yi. "Nihon Ni Okeru Chugoku Dento Bunka". Bensei Publishinhg, 2002.
- Sullivan, Michael. "Chugoku Bijutsushi" (original title: A Short History of Chinese Art) Trans.
Takehiro Shindo. Taishindo, 1973.
- Misugi, Takatoshi. "Maisen Eno Michi. Tozai Toji Koryushi". Tokyo Shoseki, 1992.
- Kuwabara, Sumio. "Amerika Kaiga No Kefu”. Bijutsu Shuppan-sha, 1977.
- Novak, Barbara. "Shizen To Bunka. Amerika No Fukei To Kaiga 1825-1875" (original title:
Nature and Culture. American Landscape and Painting) Trans. Mariko Kurosawa. Tamagawa
University Press, 2000.
- “Victor Hugo and the Romanticists" (exhibition catalogue). Tokyo Fuji Art Museum, 2004.
- “Giovanni Segantini – Light and Mountain" (exhibition catalogue). NHK Promotion, 2011.

5) History and worship in general- Inobe, Shigeo. Kampei Taisha Sengen-jinja, ed. "Fuji No Kenkyu I. Fuji No Rekishi". Kokon
Shoin, 1928.
- Miyaji, Naokazu, and Saburo Hirono. Kampei Taisha Sengen-jinja, ed. "Fuji No Kenkyu II.

Sengen-jinja No Rekishi”. Kokon Shoin, 1929.
- Inobe, Shigeo. Kampei Taisha Sengen-jinja, ed. “Fuji No Kenkyu III. Fuji No Shinko". Kokon
Shoin, 1928.
- Takayanagi, Mitsutoshi, Akira Sawada, and Joe Shibata. Kampei Taisha Sengen-jinja, ed. ”Fuji
No Kenkyu IV. Fuji No Bungaku Bijutsu Iseki”. Kampei Taisha Sengen-jinja and Kokon Shoin,
1929.
- Sengen-jinja Shamusho. ”Sengen Monjosan”. Meicho Kankokai, 1973.
- Hirano, Eiji. ”Fuji Sengen Shinko”. Yuzankaku Shuppan, 1987.
- Suzuki, Shoei ed. "Fuji Ontake To Chubu Reizan". Meicho Shuppan, 1978.
- Iwashina, Koichiro. “Fuji-ko No Rekishi”. Meicho Shuppan, 1983.
- Hirano, Eiji. “Fuji Shinko To Fuji-ko”. Iwata Shoin, 2004.
- Nishigai, Kenji. "Fuji Oyama Shinko". Iwata Shoin, 2008.
- Koshu Shiryo Chosakai, ed. "Fujisan Oshi No Rekishiteki Kenkyu". Yamakawa Shuppansha,
2009.
- Takeya, Yukie. "Fujisan No Seishinshi. Naze Fujisan Wo Sampo Ni Egakunoka”. Seizansha,
1998.
- Takeya, Yukie. "Fujisan No Saijin Ron". Iwata Shoin, 2006.
- Aoyagi, Shuichi. “Fugaku Tabi Hyakkei”. Kadokawa Shoten, 2002.
- “Fuji Wo Meguru Shizuoka Yamanashi Bunkazai Gaido Bukku”. Shizuoka Prefectural Boardof Education and Yamanashi Prefectural Board of Education, 2006.
- “Fujiyoshida No Bunkazai (Sono 21). Fujisan Ennen Tatefuda To Nyoninkinsei". Fujiyoshida
City Board of Education, 1984.
- “Fujiyoshida No Bunkazai (Sono 22). Fuji-ko". Fujiyoshida City Board of Education, 1985.
- “Fujiyoshida No Bunkazai (Dai 27-shu). Oyama Nobori Michi – Fujisan Zenjo Gaido”.
Fujiyoshida City Board of Education, 1989.
- “Fuji No Shinko Iseki". Fujiyoshida Museum of Local History, 2002.
- “Ehagaki Ni Miru Fuji Tozan". Fujiyoshida Museum of Local History, 1999.
- “Fuji Tozan Annai Zu”. Fujiyoshida Museum of Local History, 2000.
- “Fujisan No Efuda – Goo To Miei Wo Chushinni". Fujiyoshida Museum of Local History,
1996.
- “Fujisan Sosho Kaikokushi Fuji Kitaguchi Wo Yuku". Fujiyoshida Museum of Local History,
2005.
- “Fuji No Shin Butsu Yoshidaguchi Tozando No Chojo". Fujiyoshida Museum of Local History,
2008.
- “Fujisan Meisai Zu”. Fujiyoshida Museum of Local History, 1997.

- “Fugaku Shasin Utsusareta Bakumatsu Meiji No Fujisan". Fujiyoshida Museum of Local
History, 2003.
- “Kuni Ezu Gun Ezu Mura Ezu”. Fujiyoshida Museum of Local History, 2004.
- “Fujisan Sosho Fuji Hakkai Wo Meguru". Fujiyoshida Museum of Local History, 2003.
- “Fujisan Sosho Fuji Wo Noboru". Fujiyoshida Museum of Local History, 2006.
- “Fujisan Sosho Fujisan Shuyu Zu". Fujiyoshida Museum of Local History, 2004.
- “Fujiyoshidashi Rekishi Minzoku Hakubutsukan Sosho Fujisan Michishirube Wo Aruku".
Fujiyoshida Museum of Local History, 2001.
- “Fujiyoshida Shishi Shiryo Sosho 13. Maneki”. Fujiyoshida Shishi Hensanshitsu, 1996.
- “Egakareta Fuji No Fumoto”. Fuji City Museum, 2005.
- “Fujisan Engi No Sekai – Kaguya Hime, Ashitaka, Inukai”. Fuji City Museum, 2010.
- “Fujisan Shinko To Fujizuka". Fuji City Museum, 1995.
- “Fujinomiyashi Aruku Hakubutsukan Gaido Bukku". Fujinomiya City Board of Education,
2009.
- “Tenji Zuroku No. 12. Kikakuten. Fuji Wo Mezashita Awa No Hito Tachi". Tateyama City
Museum, 1995.

6) Art in general- Naruse, Fujio. "Fujisan No Kaigashi". Chuokoron Bijutsu Shuppan, 2005.
- Kono, Motoaki. "Fujisan Bi Japan”. Shiki Shuppan, 2005.
- National Museum of Western Art et al. "Japonisumu Ten Japonisme”. National Museum ofWestern Art, 1988.
- Mabuchi, Akiko. "Japonisumu Genso No Nihon”. Bruecke, 1997.
- Torii, Kazuyuki, et al. "Nihon No Kokoro Fuji No Bi Ten”. NHK Naogoya Hosokyoku, 1998.
- Imperial Household Agency Sannomaru Shozokan. "Fuji - Yama Wo Utsushi Yama Ni Omou".
Imperial Household Agency Sannomaru Shozokan, 2008.
- Hirabayashi, Akira, Sachiko Wada, and Tomoko Ota. "Fujisan Kindai Ni Tenkai Shita Nihon
No Shocho”. Yamanashi Prefectural Museum of Art, 2008.
- Shizuoka Prefectural Museum of Art. "Fujisan No Kaiga Shuzohin Zuroku". Shizuoka
Prefectural Museum of Art, 2004.
- “Omedetai Katachi – Fuji No Isho". Fujiyoshida Museum of Local History, 2005.
- “Fujisan Yukari No Meihin Ten – Fuji Wo Kataru Uyamau Katadoru". Fuji City Museum,2006.

7) Historical materials- “Kaikokushi" [Kai Province Guide] (1814)- “Kakusoroku" (1816)- “Fujisan Shinkei No Zu" [Drawing of Genuine Fujisan] (1847)- “Fujisan Michishirube" [Guide to Fujisan] (1860)- ”Suruga Shiryo” [Suruga Guide] (1861)- “Eigyo Shinsan Jiden" [Autobiography of Eigyo Shinsan] (ca. 1876) (privately owned)

8) Prefectural and municipal history- “History of Yamanashi Prefecture"- “History of Shizuoka Prefecture"- “History of Fujiyoshida City"- “History of Tsuru City"- “History of Oshino Village"- “History of Yamanakako Village"- “History of Narusawa Village"- “History of Katsuyama Village"- “History of Shizuoka City"- “History of Numazu City"- “History of Mishima City"- “History of Fujinomiya City"- “History of Fuji City"- “History of Gotemba City"- “History of Susono City"- “History of Shimizu Town"- “History of Nagaizumi Town"- “History of Oyama Town"- “History of Shimizu City"- “History of Shibakawa Town"

Chapter 8
Contact Information

8.a. Preparer
Agency for Cultural Affairs
Monuments and Sites Division, Cultural Properties Department
3-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8959
TEL: +81-3-5253-4111
FAX: +81-3-6734-3822
kinen@bunka.go.jp
Ministry of the Environment
Environmental Strategy Division, Nature Conservation Bureau
1-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8975
TEL: +81-3-3581-3351
FAX: +81-3-3591-3228
shizen-keikaku@env.go.jp
Forestry Agency
Research, Extension and Environmental Policy Division, Private Forest Department
1-2-1 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8952
TEL: +81-3-3502-8111
FAX: +81-3-3502-2887
worldheritage@nm.maff.go.jp

8.b. Official Local Institution/Agency
Yamanashi Prefecture
World Heritage Division, Planning Department
1-6-1 Marunouchi, Kofu City, Yamanashi Prefecture 400-8501
TEL: +81-55-223-1316
FAX: +81-55-223-1781
sekaiisan-sn@pref.yamanashi.lg.jp
Shizuoka Prefecture
World Heritage Division, Culture and Tourism Department
9-6 Oute-machi, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka Prefecture 420-8601
TEL: +81-54-221-3746
FAX: +81-54-221-2980
sekai@pref.shizuoka.lg.jp
The Ministry of the Environment
Kanto Regional Environment Office
F18 Meijiyasudaseimei Saitamashintoshin Bldg, 11-2 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama Cty,
Saitama Prefecture 330-6018
TEL: +81-48-600-0516
FAX: +81-48-600-0517
REO-KANTO@env.go.jp
The Ministry of the Environment
Hakone Nature Conservation Office
164 Kyufudaba, Hakone-machi, Ashigarashimo-gun, Kanagawa Prefecture 251-0522
TEL: +81-460-84-8727
FAX: +81-460-84-9349
NCO-HAKONE@env.go.jp323

The Ministry of the Environment
Fujigoko Ranger Office for Nature Conservation
Biodiversity Center of Japan, 5597-1 Ken-marubi, Kamiyoshida, Fujiyoshida City,
Yamanashi Prefecture 403-0005
TEL: +81-555-72-0353
FAX: +81-555-72-0623
RO-FUJIGOKO@env.go.jp
The Ministry of the Environment
Numazu Ranger Office for Nature Conservation
F5 Numazu National Government Building, 9-1 Ichiba-cho, Numazu City, Shizuoka
Prefecture 410-0831
TEL: +81-55-931-3261
FAX: +81-55-931-3529
RO-NUMADU@env.go.jp
Forestry Agency
Planning Division, Kanto Regional Forest Office
4-16-25 Iwagami-machi, Maebashi City, Gunma Prefecture 371-8501
TEL: +81-27-210-1770
FAX: +81-27-210-1174
kanto_keikaku@nm.maff.go.jp
Forestry Agency
Yamanashi Forest Ranger Office, Kanto Regional Forest Office
7-7 Miyamae-cho, Kofu City, Yamanashi Prefecture 400-0021
TEL: +81-55-253-1336
FAX: +81-55-252-9935
yamanashi_postmaster@nm.maff.go.jp
Forestry Agency
Shizuoka District Forest Office, Kanto Regional Forest Office1-120 Sumpu-cho, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka Prefecture 420-0856
TEL: +81-54-254-3401
FAX: +81-54-253-7829
shizuoka_postmaster@nm.maff.go.jp

8.c. Other Local Institutions
Fujiyoshida City
World Heritage Promotion Office, Mt Fuji Section, Industry and Tourism Developmen
1842 Shimoyoshida, Fujiyoshida City, Yamanashi Prefecture 403-8601
TEL: +81-555-22-1055
FAX: +81-555-22-2235
Minobu Town
Policy Planning Office
350 Kiriishi, Minobu-cho, Minamikoma-gun, Yamanashi Prefecture 409-3392
TEL: +81-556-42-4801
FAX: +81-556-42-2127

324

Nishikatsura Town
Industry Promotion Section
1501-1 Onuma, Nishikatura-cho, Minamitsuru-gun, Yamanashi Prefecture 403-0022
TEL: +81-555-25-2121
FAX: +81-555-20-2015
Oshino Village
Planning Section
1514 Shibokusa, Oshino-mura, Minamitsuru-gun, Yamanashi Prefecture 401-0592
TEL: +81-555-84-7738
FAX: +81-555-84-3717
Yamanakako Village
Board of Education
237-1 Yamanaka, Yamanakako-mura, Minamitsuru-gun, Yamanashi Prefecture 401-0595
TEL: +81-555-62-9971
FAX: +81-555-62-3088
Narusawa Village
Board of Education
1575 Narusawa-mura, Minamitsuru-gun, Yamanashi Prefecture 401-0398
TEL: +81-555-85-2311
FAX: +81-555-85-2461
Fujikawaguchiko Town
Town Policy Management Section
1700 Funatsu, Fujikawaguchiko-machi, Minamitsuru-gun, Yamanashi Prefecture401-0392
TEL: +81-555-72-6023
FAX: +81-555-72-0969
Shizuoka City
Culture and Sports Department, Cultural Properties Division
5-1 Oute-machi, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka Prefecture 420-8602
TEL: +81-54-221-1069
FAX: +81-54-221-1451
Fujinomiya City
Board of Education, Cultural Section
150 Yumizawa-cho, Fujinomiya City, Shizuoka Prefecture 418-8601
TEL: +81-544-22-1489
FAX: +81-544-22-1242
Fuji City
Planning Section, General Affairs Department
1-100 Nagata-cho, Fuji City, Shizuoka Prefecture 417-8601
TEL: +81-545-55-1489
FAX: +81-544-22-1242

325

Gotemba City
Planning Section, Plannning Department
483 Hagiwara, Gotemba City, Shizuoka Prefecture 412-8601
TEL: +81-550-82-4421
FAX: +81-550-84-1661
Susono City
Policy Planning Section, Planning Department
1059 Sano, Susono City, Shizuoka Prefecture 410-1192
TEL: +81-55-995-1804
FAX: +81-55-995-1864
Oyama Town
Planning and Coordinating Section, Planning and General Affairs Department
57-2 Fujimagari, Oyama-cho, Suntou-gun, Shizuoka Prefecture 410-1395
TEL: +81-550-76-6133
FAX: +81-550-76-4633

8.d. Official Web Address
Agency for Cultural Affairs
http://www.bunka.go.jp
Ministry of the Environment
http://www.env.go.jp
Forestry Agency
http://www.rinya.maff.go.jp
Yamanashi Prefecture
http://www.fujisan-3776.jp
Shizuoka Prefecture
http://www.fujisan-3776.jp326

Chapter 9
Signature on behalf of the State Party

Signed on behalf of the Government of Japan__________________________________
KONDO Seiichi
Commissioner
Agency for Cultural Affairs__________________________________WATANABE Tsunao
Director - General
Nature Conservation Bureau
Ministry of the Environment__________________________________MINAGAWA Yoshitsugu
Director - General
Forestry Agency