Route Choice Behavior of Bike
Share Users in Toyosu
Nagoya University B
Kentaro Mori, Shintaro Katagiri, Akishige Nakamura, Kei Tamura

1Background• Users: Popular among tourist• Advantages:• Low cost: ~\150/30min• Low maintenance cost
• Environmentally friendly• Disadvantages:• Must be returned to designated locations• May run out of battery

2

Background• Tokyo is promoting the spread of bike share service.
• Users have increased in the recent years.

Municipalities with bike sharing service(Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Environment)

YearAnnual Usage（10,000 times）

20114

2012

112013

35

2014

55

2015

1002016

220

2017

470

Bike share usage(NTT Docomo Bike Share)3Bike Share Ports in Toyosu

Bike share ports in Toyosu(NTT Docomo Bike Share)4Bike Share Usage in Toyosu• 2019 Toyosu PP data
• High usage rate of bike share5

Routes

Bike share route

0%0%0.1% - 5%

0.1% - 5%

5.1% - 10%

5.1% - 10%

10.1% - 15%

10.1% - 15%

15.1% - 100%

15.1% - 100%

Regular bike routes

6Origin/Destination

Bike share OD

Regular bike OD

7

Trip purpose• Participants are limited to those who live/work in Toyosu.
• Data of tourists is not available.

• Bike share is popular for commuters.
• Regular bike is used by local residents for daily activities.

8Model• Goal: Clarify differences in route choice behavior between
bike share users and regular cyclists.
• Cross nested logit (CNL) model• Alleviate route overlap problem caused by IIA property in MNL.

9

Model!" = $% & '" + $) & *+" + $, & -+"where' = distance in km*+ = number of crosswalks-+ = average sidewalk width level

Actual width

Width levelNo sidewalk

0Less than 2m

12m ~ 3.5m

23.5m ~ 4.5m

34.5m ~

410

Generation of Choice Set• Choice sets are generated using k shortest path routing.
• 25 shortest paths are used.
• Link lengths greater than 400m are divided by 100 (Kikuchi et al 2018).
• This allows for the choice set to be more diverse.

Bike Network in Toyosu

Estimation Result
Bike share:

Regular bike:

Variable

Coefficientestimatet statistic

Variable

Coefficientestimatet statistic

distance inkm

0.429

3.93**

distance inkm

-1.46

-3.33**

number ofcrosswalks-0.0256-2.68**

number ofcrosswalks-0.0151-1.34

averagesidewalkwidth level0.0344

1.51

averagesidewalkwidth level

0.165

2.41**

scale
parameter

0.0194

3.36**

scale
parameter

0.0676

5.66**

N

156

N

363

!"

0.316

!"

0.284

!̅ "

0.308

!̅ "

0.280
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Estimation Result
Regular bike:• Regular cyclists prefer shortroutes with wide sidewalks.
• Possible reason:• People who use regular bikes
for daily activities, such as
picking up/dropping offchildren, prioritize efficient
time use and safety.

Variable

Coefficientestimatet statistic

distance in
km

-1.46

-3.33**

number ofcrosswalks-0.0151-1.34

averagesidewalkwidth level

0.165

2.41**

scale
parameter

0.0676

5.66**

N363

!"

0.284

!̅ "

0.280
13

Estimation Result
Bike share:
Variable

Coefficientestimatet statistic

distance in
km

0.429

3.93**

number ofcrosswalks-0.0256-2.68**

averagesidewalkwidth level0.0344scale
parameter

0.0194

1.51

3.36**

N156

!"

0.316

!̅ "

0.308

• Bike share users preferlonger routes with lesscrossings.
• Possible reasons:• They want to take advantage ofthe full 30 min rental time.
• e.g. For getting some exercise
after work

• Distance is not a concern
because the bikes are electric.

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Policy• Toyosu is going through urban renewal.
• Transportation demand is expected tochange greatly before/during/after Tokyo
Olympics.

• This model could be used to predict
routes of bike share users when new
bike ports and POI are implemented.
• Such information could be used to enhance
cycling infrastructure, such a bike lanesand street signs.

• More research is needed to analyze
behavior of tourists using bike shareservices.
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Conclusion• CNL model was used to model route choice behavior of bikeshare users and regular cyclists.
• Differences in route choice behavior were revealed.
• Regular cyclists select routes suited for efficient use of time andsafety.
• Bike share users select routes suitable for cycling as an activity.

• Understanding the route choice behavior of bike share users
could help improve cycling infrastructure as Toyosu goes
through urban renewal.

16Reference• 東京環境局：⾃転⾞シェアリング実施⾃治体マップ（2020年8⽉12⽇）<https://www.kankyo.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/vehicle/management/bycicle_sharing.files/20200812map.pdf> (最終アクセス2020.9)• 堀 清敬：⾃転⾞シェアリング事業におけるドコモバイクシェアの取り組み(2018年7⽉) <https://www.jftc.go.jp/cprc/katsudo/
bbl_files/234th-bbl.pdf> (最終アクセス2020.9)• 菊池 雅彦、岩舘 慶多、⽻藤 英⼆、是友 修⼆、⽯井 良治、茂⽊ 渉、
⽯神 孝裕：プローブパーソン調査データを⽤いた 回遊性向上施策の実務的評価⼿法，⼟⽊学会論⽂集 D3 (⼟⽊計画学)， Vol. 74, No. 5,
pp. I_735-I_745, 2018.
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