SC / 59 / O4

CRUISE REPORT OF THE SECOND PHASE OF THE JAPANESEWHALE RESEARCH PROGRAM UNDER SPECIAL PERMIT IN
THE ANTARCTIC (JARPAⅡ) IN 2006/2007 -FEASIBILITY STUDYShigetoshi Nishiwaki1), Tomoyuki Ogawa2), Koji Matsuoka1), Toshihiro Mogoe1), Hiroshi Kiwada1) , Kenji Konishi1),
Naohisa Kanda1), Takashi Yoshida1), Atsushi Wada1), Masakatsu Mori2), Toshiki Osawa2), Saeko Kumagai1), Takuro
Oshima2), Keisuke Kimura3) Isamu Yoshimura2), Takashi Sasaki2), Motoki Aki2), Yukiko Matsushita1), Hiroyuki Ito1),
Satoshi Sudo1), and Gen Nakamura4).
Contact e-mail: nisiwaki@cetacean.jp
1) The Institute of Cetacean Research, 4-5 Toyomi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0055, Japan.
2) Kyodo Senpaku Kaisya, Ltd., 4-5 Toyomi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0055, Japan.
3) Tokai University Unified Graduate school of Earth and Environment Science, 3-20-1 Orido, Shimizu, Shizuoka,
424-0902, Japan
4) Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7, Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
ABSTRACTThe research plan for the Second Phase of the Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the Antarctic(JARPA II) was presented to the 2005 meeting of the International Whaling Commission’s Scientific Committee(IWC/SC). The research program involves both non-lethal and lethal research techniques. The first two JARPA II
surveys, conducted in the 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 austral summer seasons, were planned as feasibility studies withthe following objectives: 1) examine the practicability and appropriateness of sighting methods in the enlarged researcharea, 2) examine the practicability and appropriateness of sampling procedures to the increased sample size for
Antarctic minke whales, and 3) examine the practicability of methods of hunting, hauling, flensing and biologicalsampling of large-sized whales. For the feasibility surveys, a total of 850+/-10% Antarctic minke whales and 10 fin
whales were planned for sampling. The second feasibility survey of the JARPA II was carried out from 15 December
2006 to 28 February 2007 (76 days) in Areas VIW, VE and part of Area VW. The research activity was interrupted forthree days due to external interference by the Sea Shepherd and for 10 days due to a fire accident on the research baseNisshin-Maru, then the survey was discontinued. The total searching distance was 11,968.87 n.miles and 6,091.73
n.miles for the two dedicated Sighting Vessels (SVs) and 5,877.14 n.miles for the three Sighting and Sampling Vessels(SSVs). The following species managed by the IWC were sighted: Antarctic minke, blue, fin, humpback, sperm andsouthern bottlenose whales. Antarctic minke whales were the most dominant species and were widely distributed in thewhole research areas except the northern part of the research area. Out of 443 schools (1,043 individuals) of the primarysightings of Antarctic minke whales by SSVs, 438 schools (1,027 individuals) were targeted for sampling. A total of 505
animals were sampled. Out of 19 schools (156 individuals) of the primary sightings of fin whales by SSVs, 3 schools (9individuals) sighted in Area VNE were targeted for sampling. A total of 3 animals were sampled. The maximum bodylength of the collected fin whales was 21.15 m with body weight of 65.02 tons. Photo-id experiments were conductedon blue and humpback whales. A total of 27 animals were photographed. Photographs of natural markings wereobtained on one mother/calf pair of blue and six pairs of humpback whales. A total of 17 skin biopsy samples werecollected from blue, fin and humpback whales. Two sets of humpback whale biopsy samples were taken from themother/calf pairs. CTD and XCTD castings were conducted at 79 and 88 locations, respectively. EPCS survey was
conducted for 62 days by SV and 57 days by SSVs in total. One of the SVs conducted a quantitative echo soundersurvey for 62 days in the whole research area. The other of SV conducted prey species sampling (krill) using IKMT at
38 locations in the whole research area. The main findings of this feasibility survey were as follows: 1) the distributionof the Antarctic minke whales in the research area was dependent of their sex and reproductive status, 2) the humpbackand fin whales were segregated from the Antarctic minke whales in the research area. Regarding the objectives of thefeasibility survey, we confirmed that 1) the sighting methods used in this survey were practical and appropriate for theenlarged research area, 2) the sampling procedures we used were appropriate for the increased sample size of the
Antarctic minke whales, and 3) the methods of hunting, hauling, flensing and biological sampling we applied to thelarge-sized whales were practical.
KEYWORDS: ANTARCTIC MINKE WHALES; FIN WHALES;HUMPBACK WHALES; BALEEN WHALES; ANTARCTIC; SOUTHERNHEMISPHERE; SCIENTIFIC PERMITS

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INTRODUCTION
The Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the Antarctic (JARPA) was conducted between 1987/88
and 2004/05 austral summer seasons, under Article VIII of the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling.
The IWC Scientific Committee (SC) conducted an interim review of JARPA results in 1997 (IWC, 1998). In January
2005, a JARPA review meeting called by the government of Japan was held (Anonymous, 2005) and, the final JARPA
review meeting by the IWC/SC was held in December 2006 (IWC, 2006).
JARPA provided a wide variety of information on biological parameters of Antarctic minke whale such as the natural
mortality coefficient and changes over time in the age at maturity as well as narrowing down the parameters of relevancefor stock management. JARPA also elucidated that there were at least two stocks in the research area but theirgeographical boundaries were different from those used for the IWC Areas (Pastene, 2006). Further, JARPA found thatpollutant concentration in whale’s tissues, such as heavy metals and PCBs, was extremely low (Yasunaga et al, 2006).
JARPA has thus successfully obtained data related to the initially proposed objectives. The review meeting conducted in
January 2005 agreed that results from JARPA were consistent with the behavior to be expected of baleen whales
populations competing for a dominant single food resource, the krill. The meeting also agreed that the results obtained
provide clear support for the need to take species-interactions (ecosystem) effects into account in understanding the
dynamics of the baleen whale species in the Antarctic ecosystem, and predicting future trends in their abundance andpopulation structure (Anon., 2005).
Based on these considerations, the Government of Japan launched a new comprehensive study under the Second Phaseof the Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the Antarctic (JARPA II), combining lethal andnon-lethal methods, starting from the 2005/2006 austral summer season. The first two seasons (2005/2006 and 2006/2007)
were dedicated to feasibility studies.
The full-scale JARPA II will start from the 2007/08 season. It will be a long-term research program with the following
objectives: 1) Monitor changes occurring in the Antarctic ecosystem, 2) Model competition among whale species todevelop future management objectives, 3) Elucidate temporal and spatial changes in stock structure, and 4) Improve themanagement procedure for the Antarctic minke whale stocks. JARPA II will focus on species such as Antarctic minke,
humpback, fin whales and possibly some other species, all of which are major predators of Antarctic krill in the Antarctic
ecosystem. Annual sample sizes for the full-scale research (lethal sampling) are 850 (with 10% of allowance) Antarctic
minke whales (Eastern Indian Ocean and Western South Pacific Stocks), 50 humpback whales (D and E-Stocks) and 50
fin whales (Indian Ocean and the Western South Pacific Stocks). During the feasibility study, the annual sample size was
850+-10% Antarctic minke and ten fin whales. Humpback whales are not sampled during the feasibility study.
The research methods for the JARPA II are basically the same as the previous JARPA with some modifications. The
program involves both non-lethal research techniques such as sighting surveys, biopsy sampling, acoustic surveys for preyspecies and the collection of oceanographic data, and lethal sampling since collection of certain information, of vital
importance to the overall study, requires examination of internal organs such as ovaries, earplugs and stomachs. A
comprehensive review will be conducted following completion of the first 6 years of the research (Government of Japan.
2005).
This paper reports the results of the second JARPA II feasibility survey in the 2006/07 austral summer season. The
practicability and appropriateness of sighting methods in the enlarged area and sampling procedures for the increased
sample size were examined. Methods for catching, flensing and taking biological measurements of large body-sized fin
whales were also tested.
RESEARCH METHODS
Research vessels
The whale research unit was composed of two dedicated sighting vessels Kyoshin Maru No.2 (KS2) and Kaiko Maru
(KK1), three sighting and sampling vessels Yushin Maru (YS1), Yushin Maru No.2 (YS2) and Kyo Maru No.1 (K01), andone research base vessel Nisshin Maru (NM).
Two vessels were dedicated to sighting surveys and to conduct most of the experiments (SVs). Three sighting andsampling vessels were engaged in sighting and sampling surveys (SSVs). NM served as a research base on which all
biological examinations of collected samples were conducted.

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Research area
The area to be covered by JARPA II is basically same as in JARPA: the eastern part of Area III, Areas IV and V, andthe western part of Area VI (35°E - 145°W). In this season, JARPA II surveyed the Eastern Indian Ocean Stock and theWestern South Pacific Ocean Stock of Antarctic minke whales (Pastene, 2006) in a longitudinal span of 85° on the easternside of the JARPA II research area (130°E - 145°W). Figure.1 shows geographic location of research area for the
2006/2007 JARPAII survey.
Survey track line design
The minimum longitudinal unit is 10 degrees width in principle. The number of units that were allocated depended on thelongitudinal width of each stratum. However, width of the units was changed based on the number of planned researchdays within the stratum. Track lines were constructed for SVs and SSVs separately. Vessels conducted sighting surveys
simultaneously in the north and south strata. In the case of SVs, track lines of the two vessels crossed each other. Three
SSVs conducted sighting and samplings simultaneously at intervals of 7 n.miles. The principle design of survey
track-lines are shown in Figure 2 for SVs and Figure 3 for SSVs, respectively.
The survey track-lines were systematically designed in the 10 degree longitudinal width intervals in principle from thesurvey starting point. The survey starting point was randomly selected on the longitudinal border of the research area.
Details are shown in the item below titled “The longitudinal intervals and number of the survey track lines in the
sub-research area”.
Sighting method
Sighting procedures were the same as in the previous JARPA surveys (Nishiwaki et al. 1999, Ishikawa et al. 2000). The
sighting surveys by SSVs were conducted under limited closing mode (when a sighting of Antarctic minke and fin whales
were made on the predetermined track line, the vessel approached the whales and confirmed species and school size).
Three SSVs advanced along parallel track lines 7 n.miles apart, at a standard speed of 11.5 knots. The sighting surveys by
SVs were conducted under limited closing mode and passing mode (even if sighting was made on the predetermined trackline, the vessel did not approach the whales directly and searching from the barrel was uninterrupted) at a standard speedof 10.5 knots.
The survey was operated under optimal research conditions (i.e., the wind speed below 25 knot in the south strata and20 knot in the north strata, and visibility further than 1.5 n.miles). In addition to the sighting of Antarctic minke and fin
whales or whales suspected to be those species, the SVs approached blue (B. musculus), humpback (Megaptera
novaeangliae), southern right (Eubalaena australis), pigmy right (Caperea marginata), sei (B.borealis), sperm (Physeter
macrocehpalus) and southern bottlenose (Hyperoodon planifrons) whales for conducting some experiments. The SSVs
also approached the same whale species for experiments while they engaged in sighting survey.
Sampling method
Three SSVs were engaged in sampling survey. Sampling of 850 Antarctic minke whales (with 10 % allowance) and ten
fin whales was planned in the research area south of 62°S. One to two Antarctic minke whales were sampled randomly
from each primary sighted school within 3 n.miles of the track line. The dwarf form minke whales were not a target for
sampling. Sampling of fin whales was restricted to those animals with an estimated body length less than 20m (this wasrevised downward to less than 19m during the research period) due to the limitation of NM facility for pulling up theanimal onboard. One fin whale was sampled randomly from each primary sighted school within 3 n.miles of the track line
and animal smaller than 20m (or 19m) was selected in the school. If two or more animals smaller than 20m were found in
the single school, then only one of them was randomly selected.
Low and middle latitudinal sighting survey
During transit, sighting surveys were conducted in the area between 30°S and 60°S except for the areas within national
EEZs. The results of these surveys are not shown in this report.
Biological research
Most of the biological research methods used in this JARPA II survey were developed and improved during the JARPA
18 years research period. Biological research on all sampled whales was conducted on the NM.
Experiments
Sighting distance and angle experimentThis experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the accuracy of the information on sighting distance and sighting
angle given by observers of the SVs and SSVs.
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Photo-identification experiment
The following species were targeted for photographic record of natural markings by SVs and SSVs: blue, humpback andsouthern right whales.
Biopsy sampling
In addition to the species targeted for the photo-identification experiment, pygmy right, fin, sei, sperm, southernbottlenose whales were targeted for biopsy skin sampling by the SVs and SSVs using compound-crossbows. All collected
sample were preserved at –80°C.
Satellite tagging
The YS1 and the YS2 attempted satellite tag attachment on Antarctic minke whales.
Preliminary prey species survey
Prey species (krill) samples were collected using the Isaacs-Kidd Mid water trawl (IKMT) on the KK1.
Oceanographic and acoustic survey
SVs and SSVs conducted the following oceanographic surveys.
1) Consecutive measurements of surface temperature, conductivity, surface chlorophyll, dissolved oxygen, surface
particle using the Electric Particle Counting and Sizing System (EPCS) on KS2 and YS2.
2) XCTD and CTD casting by KK1 and KS2.
3) Record of marine debris in the research area by KK1 and KS2. In addition all marine debris found in the stomach ofAntarctic minke whales was recorded and collected on NM.
4) Hydro-acoustic survey using a scientific echo sounder (EK500 with operating frequencies at 38kHz, 120kHz,
200kHz, SIMRAD, Norway) to study distribution and abundance of prey species of baleen whales. Hydro-acoustic
survey was conducted by KS2 along sighting survey through the whole research area.
In addition to these surveys, KK1 deployed Argo profiling floats (profiling devices) to collect high quality
oceanographic data of upper and middle layers of the world ocean simultaneously with very high space-time
resolution. This was done in cooperation with Japan Marine Science and Technology Center (JAMSTEC) (See
http://w3.jamstec.go.jp/ARGO/J_ARGOe.html).

RESULTS
Outline of the research activities
Table 1 shows an outline of the research activities. The research period of the 2006/2007 JARPAII was 76 days from 15
December 2006 to 28 February 2007. The research activity was interrupted for three days due to external interference by
the Sea Shepherd for 10 days due to a fire accident at NM, then the survey was discontinued. It was decided to stop theresearch earlier than planned because equipment for the survey was damaged by the fire.
The longitudinal interval and number of the survey track line in the sub-research area
The design of track lines of the SVs and SSVs are shown in Figures 4 and 5. The longitudinal interval and number of teeth
in the unit of survey track line in each sub research area were as following:1) The western part of Area VI
The research area was south of 60°S and from 145°W to 170°W. The starting points of the SVs and SSVs were at
145°W. The survey track line was set zigzag in north and south to westward. The longitudinal interval of one tooth ofsurvey track line was 3° 20’ for the SSVs in both north and south strata, and 10 ° in north stratum and 5°of south
stratum for the SVs. Allocated survey track line in one minimum unit is one tooth in the north stratum and two teeth in
the south stratum for the SSVs. SVs surveyed one tooth in the north stratum and two teeth in the south stratum. The
pack ice line was estimated based on the latest ice-edge information from near real time DMSP SSM/I daily polar
griddled sea ice concentration data set available from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC, Cavalieri etal.1999).
2) The Eastern part of Area V
East-North stratum
The research area ranged from 60°S to 69°S and from 170°W to 165°E (a latitudinal range was divided into two parts,
from 60°S to 66°S and from 66°S to 69°S). The starting points of the SVs and SSVs were at 170°W. The survey track line
was set zigzag in north and south to westward between 170°W to 170°E. The longitudinal interval of each tooth of thesurvey track line was 12°30’ for SSVs and 10°00’ for SVs for each planned research day. In the range between 170°E and4165°E, the same design of survey track line was continued from that of the western part of Area V. The SSVs surveyedeach one and a half tooth in the northern part and in the southern part from the fluctuation of the ice edge line. The SVs
surveyed four teeth in the northern part and two teeth in the southern part.
East-South stratum (Ross Sea)
The research area was south of 69°S between 165°E to 170°W (including east of 170°W in the inner part of the Ross Sea).
The latitudinal range was divided from 69°S to 74°S and from 74°S to the ice edge. The starting and ending points of SVs
and SSVs were at 69°S. The survey track line was set zigzag in north and south to westward or eastward in the Ross Sea.
The longitudinal interval of the survey track line for SSVs and SVs was 5°00’. The start point of the longitudinal line in
the survey track line was set by the random selection. This longitudinal interval of survey track line was adjusted
corresponding to the ice edge line which was remarkably changed through the research period.
3) The western part of Area V (including west of 170°E in the eastern part of Area V)
The research area was south of 60°S and from 165°E to 130°E. The starting points of SVs were at 170°E. The survey trackline was set zigzag in north and south to westward. The longitudinal interval of one tooth of survey track line was 3° 20’
for SSVs in both north and south strata, and 10 ° in north stratum and 5°in south stratum for SVs. Allocated survey trackline of the research area is one tooth in the north stratum and two teeth in the south stratum for SSVs. SVs surveyed one
tooth in the north stratum and two teeth in the south stratum. The SVs surveyed two teeth in the north stratum and threeteeth in the south stratum. The actual range surveyed in this area was from 170°E to 159°E, and SSVs could not survey inthis sub research area due to the fire accident of NM on 15 February. The entire research activities were interrupted on 15
February due to fire accident on the NM.
Searching distance
The searching distances of the SVs and the SSVs are shown in Table 2. The total searching distances were 11,968.87
n.miles consisting of 6,091.73 n.miles for the two SVs and 5,877.14 n.miles for the three SSVs.
Whale species sighted
Eight species including dwarf form minke whales were identified during the research period. Table 3 shows the number ofsightings by the SV and SSVs for seven species managed by the IWC. The following five species of baleen whales wereconfirmed; Antarctic minke, dwarf form minke, blue, fin and humpback whales, and two toothed whale species wereconfirmed; sperm and southern bottlenose whales.
Antarctic minke whales were the most abundant species in the whole research area. The number of total sightings ofAntarctic minke whales by five research vessels was 1,023 schools (2,340 individuals). In addition 171 schools (308individuals) of humpback whales, 41 schools (267 individuals) of fin whales, 63 schools (63 individuals) of sperm whales
and 52 schools (81 individuals) of southern bottlenose whales were observed.
Geographical distribution
1) Antarctic minke whales
The distribution of sightings of the Antarctic minke whales by SVs and SSVs is shown in Figures 6 and 7, respectively.
The Antarctic minke whales were widely distributed in the entire research area. A high concentration area wasconfirmed in the East-South stratum (Ross Sea). Few Antarctic minke whales distributed in the northern part of theresearch area compared to the southern part of the research area (Ross Sea).
2) Humpback whales
The distribution of sightings of humpback whales by SVs and SSVs is shown in Figures 8 and 9, respectively.
Humpback whales were distributed in the northern part of the research area. These sightings overlapped with those of
Antarctic minke whales in the northern part of the research area but humpback whales were not observed in the
East-South stratum (Ross Sea) where Antarctic minke whales were highly concentrated.
3) Fin whales
The distribution of sightings of the fin whales by SVs and SSVs is shown in Figures 10 and 11, respectively. The fin
whale had a similar distribution pattern with the humpback whale. These were widely distributed through the researchareas except in the southern part. These sightings overlapped with those of Antarctic minke whales in the northern partof the research area but fin whales were not observed in the East-South stratum (Ross Sea) where Antarctic minke
whales were highly concentrated.
4) Blue whales
The distribution of sightings of blue whales by SVs and SSVs is shown in Figures 12 and 13, respectively. The totalsightings of blue whales in the research area were only eight schools.
5Density index and mean school size
1) Antarctic minke whales
Table 4 shows density indices (DI; number of schools sighted/ 100 n.miles searching distance) and mean school size
(MSS) of primary sightings of Antarctic minke whales by vessel type and stratum. In the whole research area DI and
MSS for SVs were 8.6 and 2.1, respectively. In the case of the SSVs, DI and MSS were 7.5 and 2.4, respectively. No
remarkable differences were observed between vessels type. The MSS was similar throughout the whole research areas.
The DI of Antarctic minke whales in the northern part of the research area was lower compared with that in the southernpart of the research area (Ross Sea). The DI was remarkably high in the eastern part of Area V. This result indicatedthat the Ross Sea is an important feeding area for Antarctic minke whales.
2) Humpback whales
Table 5 shows DI and MSS of primary sightings of humpback whales by vessel type and stratum. In the whole researcharea, DI and MSS for SVs were1.5 and 1.9, respectively. For the SSVs these were 1.2 and 1.6, respectively. The MSS
was similar through the whole research areas. The DI was remarkably high in the north strata.
3) Fin whales
Table 6 shows density indices DI and MSS of primary sightings of fin whales by kind of vessels and stratum. In the For
SVs the DI and MMS were 0.3 and 5.4, respectively. For SSVs these were 0.3 and 8.2, respectively. The MSS was
similar throughout the whole research area. The DI was remarkably high in the north strata.
Sampling of Antarctic minke whales and fin whales
1) Antarctic minke whales
Out of 443 schools (1,043 individuals) primarily sighted by SSVs, 438 schools (1,027 individuals) were targeted forsampling. A total of 505 animals were sampled (101 in Area VIW, 70 in Area VNE, 334 in Area VSE (Ross Sea)).
Sampling efficiency was 93.8 %. This value was the highest in comparison with those obtained in previous JARPA
surveys. Struck and lost occurred in only three cases.
2) Fin whales
Out of 19 schools (156 individuals) primarily sighted by SSVs, 3 schools (9 individuals) in Area VNE were targeted forsampling. A total of 3 individuals were sampled. Sampling efficiency was 100.0 %. No struck and lost occurred.
Biological research
Biological research was conducted on the research base ship for all whales sampled. Table 7 summarizes biological dataand samples collected from the Antarctic minke whales. Table 8 summarizes biological data and samples collected fromthe fin whales. The head and part of the body of one fin whale was torn off and sank into the sea during the pulling
onboard the NM. Therefore only partial information was obtained for this animal. The gender was determined bymolecular genetic analysis.
Preliminary analyses of biological information
1) Antarctic minke whales
Table 9 shows the reproductive status of samples, by stratum. Figure 14 shows the sighted position of sampled whales,by sex and reproductive status. The collected samples were 171 individuals in the western part of Area VI and theEast-North stratum in Area V and 334 individuals in the East-South stratum (Ross Sea) in Area V. Theratio of males, inthe East-South stratum (Ross Sea) in Area V was 12.0 % and 66.7 % in the East-North stratum in Area V. The mature
males were widely distributed throughout the whole research areas. Mature males were dominant in the entire researchareas other than the East-South stratum (Ross Sea) in Area V. Immature males were not sampled in the East-Southstratum (Ross Sea) in Area V. Females were widely distributed throughout the whole research area. Mature females
were dominant in the East-South stratum (Ross Sea) in Area V. Females constituted 69.4 % of the collected samples
and the pregnancy rate of mature females was 75.1 % in the whole research areas. 92.3% of the pregnant females wereconcentrated in the East-South stratum (Ross Sea) in Area V. Table 11 shows the mean body length of Antarctic minke
whales collected in each stratum. Maximum length was 9.45 m for males and 9.86 m for females; minimum length was
4.74m and 4.97m, respectively.
2) Fin whales
Biological data collected for fin whales is shown in Table 10. The maximum body length of the collected fin whales
was 21.15 m with body weight of 65.02 tons. This animal was a pregnant female.

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Experiments
1) Sighting distance and angle experiment
A sighting distance and angle experiment was preformed on 31 December 2006 by SSVs. The results of this experimentwill be used in estimating abundance. KS2 conducted a similar experiment on 31 December 2006 but it was interrupted
due to unsuitable sea conditions. KK1 could not conduct a similar experiment during the survey period.
2) The results of photo-ID
Table 12 summarizes the results of the photo-ID experiment. It was conducted throughout the entire research areas. A
total of 27 targeted individuals were photographed (2 blue whales and 25 humpback whales), from one school of blue
whales and 12 schools of humpback whales. Photographs of natural markings were successfully taken from one
mother/calf pair of blue and six pairs of humpback whales.
3) The results of biopsy sampling
Table 13 summarizes the results of biopsy sampling. A total of 17 skin biopsy samples were collected from blue whales(n=1), fin whales (n=3) and humpback whales (n=13). Two sets of biopsy samples were taken from mother and calf
pairs of humpback whales.
4）Satellite tags
YS2 attempted the attachment of a satellite tag on one school of Antarctic minke whales (8 animals) on 23 January
2007. A satellite tag was attached to one animal around its dorsal fin. The body length of this animal was estimated at
8.4 m. However, technical problems were found with the transmission antenna. YS1 attempted unsuccessfully to attachasatellite tag to one school of Antarctic minke whales (5 animals) on 23 January 2007.
5) The oceanographic and acoustic surveys
Table 14 shows a summary of oceanographic and acoustic surveys. CTD and XCTD castings conducted at 79 and 88
locations, respectively (Figure 15). EPCS survey was conducted for 62 days by KS2 and 57 days by YS2 in total. KS2
conducted a quantitative echo sounder survey which ranges over 62 days in the whole research area. KK1 conductedsampling of prey species (Krill) by the IKMT at 38 locations in the whole research area (Figure 16).
6) The marine debris
The marine debris survey was carried out concomitant with the sighting survey of the SVs in all research areas. A totalof seven fishing buoys were found. All of these buoys were observed in the East-North stratum of Area V. In this Area,
more than one Antarctic toothfish long-line fishing vessels were observed. The same kind of fishing buoys were
onboard these fishing vessels as the fishing gear.
DISCUSSION
The present paper reported the results of the second feasibility survey of the JARPA II. The main results of the second
feasibility survey can be summarized as follows:
1) The Antarctic minke whales were widely distributed in the entire research area although segregation by sex andreproductive status was observed. The DI shows that Antarctic minke whales were concentrated in larger numbers in
the East-South stratum (Ross Sea) compared to the East-North stratum in Area V and the western part of Area VI(Table4). Females were dominant in the East-South stratum (Ross Sea) of Area V and males in the East-North stratumof Area V and the western part of Area VI. Mature males were dominant in all the research areas other than the
East-South stratum (Ross Sea) of Area V. No immature males were sampled in the East-South stratum (Ross Sea) of
Area V. The females were widely distributed through the whole research areas. The concentration of pregnant females
was high in the East-South stratum (Ross Sea) in Area V.
2) Humpback and fin whales were segregated from the Antarctic minke whales in the research area.
Humpback and fin whales were dominant in the northern part of the research area but not in the southern part (such as
the Ross Sea) where Antarctic minke whales were highly concentrated. It is suggested that biomass of humpback andfin whales is similar to that of Antarctic minke whales.
The objectives of this feasibility survey were 1) to examine the practicability and appropriateness of sighting methods inthe enlarged research area, 2) to examine the practicability and appropriateness of sampling procedures for the increased
sample size of Antarctic minke whales, and 3) to examine the practicability of methods of hunting, hauling, flensing andbiological sampling applied to the large-sized whales. For the feasibility surveys a total of 850+/-10% Antarctic minke
whales and 10 fin whales were planned for sampling. In relation to these objectives of the second feasibility survey, thefollowing results were obtained:71) The practicability and appropriateness of sighting methods in the enlarged area
This cruise was planned to cover a longitudinal span of 85° from 130°E to 145°W through early December to lateMarch and to provide search effort mainly in Area VE during the peak feeding season of baleen whales. We
successfully covered all of the areas except those from 130 °E to 159°E in the case of the SVs and from 130°E to 170°E
in the case of the SSVs. This was due to external interference and a fire accident on the NM. If this accident had notoccurred, all of the research area could have been covered sufficiently. The practicability and appropriateness of thesighting methods was therefore confirmed.
2) Sampling procedures given the increased sample size and additional species.
Out of 443 schools of primarily sighted Antarctic minke whales by SSVs, 438 schools were targeted for sampling. A totalof 505 individuals were sampled with sampling efficiency of 93.8 %. Out of 20 schools (157 individuals) primarilysighted fin whales by SSVs, 3 schools (9 individuals) were targeted for sampling. A total of 3 individuals were sampledwith sampling efficiency of 100.0 %. Considering this high sampling efficiency and high concentration of the targeted
whale species in the research area, we concluded that the sampling procedures used were practical and appropriate forthe increased number of samples.
3) Methods for catching, flensing and taking biological measurments of large body-sized fin whales
Although it took longer to catch, transport, measure and dissect fin whales than in the case of the Antarctic minke
whales, the entire process was conducted smoothly and successfully. It appeared, however, thatimprovement of themethods would be required in future for sampling fin whales larger than 21 m in body length or heavier than 65 tons inbody weight.
We conclude that the current survey proved the feasibility of the JARPAII.
ACKNOWLEDEGMENTS
We are indebted to Dr. Hiroshi Hatanaka, director-general of the ICR, Dr. Yoshihiro Fujise, directior of ICR and Mr. Hideki
Moronuki, of the government of Japan for implementation of the research. We thank research technicians, Messrs. Yasuhiro
Murai, Chinori Asahina, Koji Saito and Keiji Itaura of Kyodo Senpaku Kaisya Ltd. for their contribution. Mr. Susumu Ito of
the Government of Japan, served as onboard inspector. We are also indebted to all the crew, colleagues of the ICR and otherinstitutions who participated in the research for their contributions. We would like to thank the Government of Japan forproviding financial support for this research.

REFERENCES
Anon. 2005. Report of the Review Meeting of the Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the
Antarctic (JARPA) called by the Government of Japan, Tokyo, 18-20 January 2005. 24pp.
Cavalieri, D., P. Gloerson and J. Zwally. 1999, updated regularly. Near real-time DMSP SSM/I daily polar griddled sea
ice concentrations. Edited by J. Maslanik and J. Stroeve. Boulder, CO: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital
media.
Government of Japan. 2005. Plan for the Second Phase of the Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in
the Antarctic (JARPA II) -Monitoring of the Antarctic Ecosystem and Development of New Management Objectives
for Whale Resources. Paper SC/57/O1 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, Jun 2005 (unpublished). 99pp.
Ishikawa, H. Murase, H., Tohyama, D., Yuzu, S., Otani, S., Mogoe, T., Masaki, T., Kimura, N., Ohshima, T., Konagai, T.,
Asada, M., Takeuchi, J., and Kinoshita, T. 2000. Cruise Report of the Japanese Whale Research Program under Special
Permit in the Antarctic (JARPA) Area IV and Eastern Part of Area III in 1999/2000. Paper SC/52/O20 presented to the
IWC Scientific Committee, July 2000 (unpublished). 25pp.
IWC. 1998. Report of the Intersessional Working Group to Review Data and Results from Special Permit Research on
Minke Whales in the Antarctic, Tokyo, 12-16 may 1997. SC/49/Rep.1. 377-390. REP. INT. COMMN 48, 1998.
IWC. 2006. Report of the Internsessional Workshop to Review Data and Results from Special Permit Research on Minke
Whales in the Antarctic, Tokyo 4-8 December 2006. SC/59/REP 1. 48pp.
Nishiwaki, S., Tohyama, D., Yuzu, S., Bando, T., Watanabe, M., Kitajima, A., Takeda, S., Murase, H., Otose, S., OKubo,
J.,Tsutsui, S., Takatsuki, M. and Kinoshita, T.1999. Cruise Report of the Japanese Whale Research Program under
special Permit in the Antarctic (JARPA) Area V and Western Part of Area VI in 1998/1999. Paper SC/51/O20 presented
to the IWC Scientific Committee, May 1999 (unpublished). 20pp.
Pastene, L.A. 2006. What do we know about the stock structure of the Antarctic minke whale ? A summary of studies andhypotheses. Paper SC/D06/J12 presented to the JARPA Review meeting, December 2006. 24pp.
Yasunaga, G., Fujise, Y., Zenitani, R., Honda, K. and Kato, H. 2006. Yearly trend of trace element accumulation in liverof Antarctic minke whales, Balaenoptera bonaerensis. Paper SC/D06/J28 presented to the JARPA Review meeting,
December 2006. 23pp.
8

Table 1. Outline of the 2006/2007 JARPAII research activities.
Event

Date

Depature from Shimonoseki-city in Yamaguchi prefecture Japan
Depature from Sendai-city in Miyagi prefecture Japan
Low and middle latitudinal sighting survey in transit area
Sighting and sampling survey in the western part of Area VI from 145W to 170W
Refueling and experiments
Sighting and sampling survey in the East-North stratum in Area V from 60S to 66S
Sighting and sampling survey in East-South stratum in Area V (Ross Sea)
Sighting and sampling survey in the East-North stratum in Area V from 66S to 69S
The terrorism attack by Seashepherd
The avoidance from the terrorism attack by Seashepherd
Sighting survey in the Western strata and East-North stratum in Area V from 170E to 130E
The terrorism attack from Seashepherd, and restoration works.
Sighting and sampling survey in the East-South stratum in Area V (Ross Sea)
The fire accident generation by the RBV
The restoration from the fire accident on RBV and the rescue
Starting of the unaided navigation by Nissin-Maru and escort transit by SVs and SSVs
Ending of the sighting and sampling survey in the Antarctic Ocean
Arrive on Shinagawa-ku in Tokyo, Japan
Arrive on Shinagawa-ku in Tokyo, Japan
Arrive on Shimonoseki-city in Yamaguchi Prefecture Japan
Arrive on Shinagawa-ku in Tokyo, Japan

15/ Nov./ 2006
17/ Nov./ 2006
6/ Dec./ 2006
7/ Dec./ 2006
16/ Dec./ 2006
15/ Dec./ 2006
31/ Dec./ 2006
2/ Jan./ 2007
3/ Jan./ 2007
13/ Jan./ 2007
13/ Jan./ 2007
13/ Jan./ 2007
31/ Jan./ 2007
2/ Feb./ 2007
9/ Feb./ 2007
9/ Feb./ 2007
10/ Feb./ 2007
12/ Feb./ 2007
12/ Feb./ 2007
15/ Feb./ 2007
15/ Feb./ 2007
18/ Feb./ 2007
18/ Feb./ 2007
20/ Feb./ 2007
24/ Feb./ 2007
28/ Feb./ 2007
21/ Mar./ 2007
23/ Mar./ 2007
24/ Mar./ 2007
25/ Mar./ 2007

RBV SSVs
#

〜
〜
〜
〜
〜
〜
〜
〜
〜
〜
〜
〜

14/ Dec./ 2006
14/ Dec./ 2006
30/ Dec./ 2006
2/ Jan./ 2007
1/ Jan./ 2007
10/ Jan./ 2007
11/ Jan./ 2007
26/ Jan./ 2007
31/ Jan./ 2007
1/ Feb./ 2007
9/ Feb./ 2007
8/ Feb./ 2007

〜
〜
〜
〜

11/ Feb./ 2007
15/ Feb./ 2007
13/ Feb./ 2007
14/ Feb./ 2007〜〜〜

24/ Feb./ 2007
20/ Feb./ 2007
24/ Feb./ 2007

SVs
KK1 KS2

#
#

#
#

#
#

#

#

#
#

#

#

#
#

#
#

#
#

#
#
#

#

#
#
#

#

#
#
#
#
#
#
#

#

#
#
#
#
#

#
#

#
#

#
#

#
#

#
#
#

RBV: Resarch Base Vessel (Nisshin Maru) . SSVs: Sighting and Sampling Vessels. SVs: Sighting Vessels (KK1; Kaiko Maru. KS2; Kyoshin Maru No.2)

Table 2. Searching distances (n.miles) of two sighting vessel (SVs) and three sighting / sampling vessels(SSVs) in each stratum.
Area

E/W

VI

West

StratumNorth
South
Sub-total
North
South
Sub-total
North
South
Sub-total

East
V
West
Grand total

NSP
561.95531.681,093.63
1,547.47
1,665.00
3,212.47
74.36
123.89198.25
4,504.35

SVs
ASP
194.42189.57383.99560.26607.881,168.14
22.89
12.36
35.25
1,587.38

Sub total
756.37721.25
1,477.62
2,107.73
2,272.88
4,380.61
97.25
136.25233.506,091.73

NSC
1,009.29
1,534.85
2,544.14
1,661.31
1,642.14
3,303.45
0.00
0.00
0.00
5,847.59

SSVs
ASP
0.00
0.00
0.00
29.55
0.00
29.55
0.00
0.00
0.00
29.55

Sub total
1,009.29
1,534.85
2,544.14
1,690.86
1,642.14
3,333.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
5,877.14

Grand total
1,765.66
2,256.10
4,021.76
3,798.59
3,915.02
7,713.61
97.25
136.25233.5011,968.87

Table 3. Summary of whale sightings conducted by SVs and SSVs in whole research areas.
Type of the vessls
Type of the sightings
Whale species
Antarctic minke whale
Dwarf-formed minke whale
Like minke whale
Blue whale
Fin whale
Humpback whale
Baleen whales
Sperm whale
Southen bottlenose whale

SVs
Primary
Secondly
Sch. Ind. Sch. Ind.
526 1,126 41
105
1
1
0
0
20
32
2
4
5
8
0
0
18
97
0
0
91
171
8
16
33
50
2
4
33
33
0
0
25
41
0
0

SSVs
Sub total
Primary
Secondly
Sch. Ind. Sch. Ind. Sch. Ind.
567 1,231 443 1,043 13
66
1
1
0
0
0
0
22
36
8
8
2
4
5
8
2
4
1
3
18
97
19
156
4
14
99
187
69
112
3
9
35
54
0
0
3
7
33
33
30
30
0
0
25
41
26
39
1
1

9

Grand total
Sub total
Primary
Secondly
Sch. Ind. Sch. Ind. Sch. Ind.
456 1,109 969 2,169 54
171
0
0
1
1
0
0
10
12
28
40
4
8
3
7
7
12
1
3
23
170
37
253
4
14
72
121
160
283
11
25
3
7
33
50
5
11
30
30
63
63
0
0
27
40
51
80
1
1

Combined
Sch. Ind.
1,023 2,340
1
1
32
48
8
15
41
267
171
308
38
61
63
63
52
81

Table 4. Density indices (DI, number of schools per 100 n.miles) and mean school size (MSS) of Antarctic
minke whale primary sightings by SV and SSVs.

Area

VI

V

Searching
E/W
Stratum
distance(n.miles)
North756.37WestSouth
721.25Sub total 1,477.62
North2,107.73
EastSouth2,272.88
Sub total 4,380.61
North
97.25
West
South
136.25Sub total
233.50Grand total
6,091.73

Sch.
15
30
45
40
409
449
12
20
32
526

SVs
Antarctic minke whales(Primary sighting)
Ind.
DI
MSS
21
2.0
1.4
111
4.2
3.7
132
3.0
2.9
96
1.9
2.4
837
18.0
2.0
933
10.2
2.1
18
12.3
1.5
43
14.7
2.2
61
13.7
1.9
1,126
8.6
2.1

Searching
distance(n.miles)
1,009.29
1,534.85
2,544.14
1,690.86
1,642.14
3,333.00
5,877.14

Sch.
35
49
84
66
293
359
443

SSVs
Antarctic minke whales(Primary sighting)
Ind.
DI
MSS
186
3.5
5.3
112
3.2
2.3
298
3.3
3.5
142
3.9
2.2
603
17.8
2.1
745
10.8
2.1
1,043
7.5
2.4

Table 5. Density indices (DI, number of schools per 100 n.miles) and mean school size (MSS) of humpback
whale primary sightings by SVs and SSVs.

Area

VI

V

Searching
E/W
Stratum
distance(n.miles)
North756.37WestSouth
721.25Sub total 1,477.62
North2,107.73
EastSouth2,272.88
Sub total 4,380.61
North
97.25
West
South
136.25Sub total
233.50Grand total
6,091.73

Sch.
20
7
27
49
0
49
6
9
15
91

SVs
Humpback whales(Primary sighting)
Ind.
DI
42
2.6
13
1.0
55
1.8
89
2.3
0
0.0
89
1.1
10
6.2
17
6.6
27
6.4
171
1.5

MSS
2.1
1.9
2.0
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.9
1.8
1.9

Searching
distance(n.miles)
1,009.29
1,534.85
2,544.14
1,690.86
1,642.14
3,333.00
5,877.14

Sch.
11
1
12
52
5
57
69

SSVs
Humpback whales(Primary sighting)
Ind.
DI
16
1.1
1
0.1
17
0.5
88
3.1
7
0.3
95
1.7
112
1.2

MSS
1.5
1.0
1.4
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.6

Table 6. Density indices (DI, number of schools per 100 n.miles) and mean school size (MSS) of fin whale
primary sightings by SVs and SSVs.

Area

VI

V

Searching
E/W
Stratum
distance(n.miles)
North756.37WestSouth
721.25Sub total 1,477.62
North2,107.73
EastSouth2,272.88
Sub total 4,380.61
North
97.25
West
South
136.25Sub total
233.50Grand total
6,091.73

Sch.
7
0
7
11
0
11
0
0
0
18

SVs
Fin whales(Primary sighting)
Ind.
DI
17
0.9
0
0.0
17
0.5
80
0.5
0
0.0
80
0.3
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
97
0.3

10

MSS
2.4
2.4
7.3
7.3
5.4

Searching
distance(n.miles)
1,009.29
1,534.85
2,544.14
1,690.86
1,642.14
3,333.00
5,877.14

Sch.
4
1
5
14
0
14
19

SSVs
Fin whales(Primary sighting)
Ind.
DI
25
0.4
1
0.1
26
0.2
130
0.8
0
0.0
130
0.4
156
0.3

MSS
6.3
1.0
5.2
9.3
9.3
8.2

Table 7. Summary of biological data and samples collected from Antarctic minke whales.
Samples and data
Photographic record of external character
Body length and sex identification
Measurement of external body proportion
Body weight
Body weight by total weight of parts
Skull measurement (length and breadth)Standard measurement of blubber thickness (two points)
Lactation status
Measurement of mammary gland
Testis weight
Weight of stomach content
Photographic record of fetus
Fetal length and weight
Diatom film observation
Blood plasma for physiological study
Earplug for age determination
Ocular lens for age determination
Tympanic bone for chemical analysis
Largest baleen plate for chemical analysis
Vertebral epiphyses sample
Ovary
Histological sample of endometrium
Histological sample of mammary gland
Milk sample for chemical analysis
Histological sample of testis
Skin and liver tissues for genetic study
Blubber, muscle and liver tissues for environmental monitoring
Lung and liver tissues for air monitoring
Macro pathological observation (thyroid, lung, stomach, gonad and liver)
Tissues for histopathological study
Tissues for various studies (muscle, blubber)
Tissues for food study (muscle, blubber, ventral groove)
Stomach contents for food and feeding study
Stomach contents for environmental monitoring
External parasites
Internal parasites
Fetus
Fetus ocular lens for age determination
Fetal skin for genetic study
Spermatogenic cell for round spermatid injection
Blood samples for genetic study
Placenta

Number of whales
Antarctic minke whales
Male
Female
Total
154
351
505
153
350
503
154
351
505
65
54
119
13
15
28
151
346
497
154
351
505
351
351
350
350
154
154
142
327
469
139
113
258*
137
111
255*
154
348
502
151
349
500
154
351
505
66
114
180
18
28
46
154
351
505
139
327
466
351
351
29
29
351
351
0
0
154
154
154
351
505
154
351
505
22
25
47
154
351
505
82
160
242
3
3
6
0
0
0
24
66
90
4
20
24
0
1
1
1
6
7
1
1
7*
64
45
109
137
108
252*
1
6
0

* including a fetus of sex unidentified.

11

4
0

1
10
0

Table 8. Summary of biological data and samples collected from fin whales.
Samples and data
Photographic record of external character
Body length and sex identification
Measurement of external body proportion
Body weight by total weight of parts
Skull measurement (length and breadth)
Detailed measurement of blubber thickness (fourteen points)
Lactation status
Measurement of mammary gland
Breadth measurement of uterine horn
Testis weight
Epididymis weight
Weight of stomach content
Photographic record of fetus
Fetal length and weight
External measurements of fetus
Number of ribs
Number of vertebrae
Diatom film observation
Diatom film sample
Blood plasma for physiological study
Earplug for age determination
Ocular lens for age determination
Tympanic bone for chemical analysis
Largest baleen plate for chemical analysis
Number and length of baleen plates
Palate length
Vertebral epiphyses sample
Ovary
Histological sample of endometrium
Histological sample of mammary gland
Milk sample for chemical analysis
Histological sample of testis
Histological sample of epididymis
Skin and liver tissues for genetic study
Blubber, muscle and liver tissues for environmental monitoring
Lung and liver tissues for air monitoring
Macro pathological observation (thyroid, lung, stomach, gonad and liver)
Tissues for histopathological study
Tissues for lipid analysis(muscle, liver, kidney, lumbar, blubber)
Tissues for chemical study (muscle, liver, kidney)
Tissues for various studies (muscle, blubber)
Tissues for food study (muscle, blubber, ventral groove)
Tissues for nutritional study (muscle, blubber)
Stomach contents for food and feeding study
Stomach contents for environmental monitoring
Stomach contents for lipid analysis
External parasites
Internal parasites
Fetus
Fetus ocular lens for age determination
Fetal skin for genetic study
Blood samples for genetic study
Baleen plates for educational exhibition
Tympanic bone for educational exhibition
Pelvis bone for educational exhibition

12

Number of whales(fin whale)
Male
FemaleTotal*
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
3
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0

2
2
1
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

3
3
1
0
3
2
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1

Table 9. Reproductive status of Antarctic minke whales sampled in 2006/2007 JARPAII. Maturity of males
was tentatively defined by testis weight according to Kato (1986). "Resting" represents non-pregnant mature
female without corpus luteum and "Ovulating" represents female that had corpus luteum but fetus was notobserved.
Male
Stratum

FemaleMatureImmature Mature Total

0
AreaV West-North
17
AreaV East-North
33.3%
5
AreaVI West-North
17.9%
22Northern Strata(Total)27.8%
0AreaV West-South0
AreaV East-South (Ross)*
0.0%
7
AreaVI West-South
20.0%
7Southern Strata(Total)9.3%
29
Combined
18.8%

Immature

No-pregnant

Pregnant

Total

0
11
57.9%
9
56.3%
20
57.1%
0
30
10.3%
13
59.1%
43
13.7%
63
18.1%

Ovulating Resting
0
0
0
0
0.0%
0.0%
0
2
0.0%
12.5%
0
2
0.0%
5.7%
0
0
4
16
1.4%
5.5%
0
2
0.0%
9.1%
4
18
1.3%
5.7%
4
20
1.1%
5.7%

Pregnant Lactating
0
0
8
0
42.1%
0.0%
5
0
31.3%
0.0%
13
0
37.1%
0.0%
0
0
242
0
82.9%
0.0%
7
0
31.8%
0.0%
249
0
79.3%
0.0%
262
0
75.1%
0.0%

0
19
27.1%
16
36.4%
35
30.7%
0
292
88.0%
22
38.6%
314
80.7%
349
69.4%

0
0
34
51
66.7% 72.9%
23
28
82.1% 63.6%
5779
72.2% 69.3%
0
0
40
40
100.0% 12.0%2835
80.0% 61.4%
6875
90.7% 19.3%
125154
81.2% 30.6%

Total

0
70
44
114
0
332
57
389
503

* Two females with unknown maturity status.

Table 10. Some biological information on fin whales sampled in 2006/2007 JARPAII.
No.

Date ofcaptureBody length(m)

Body weight(ton)*Sex

F001

Jan. 3, 2007

-

-

F

-

F002

Jan. 5, 2007

20.67

51.62

M

8.10 / 9.80

F003

Feb. 2, 2007

21.15

65.02

F

-

* Body weight was represented by total weight of body parts.

13

Testis weight Reproductive(L/R, kg)information

Remarks-

Pregnant

Fetal length
243.4cmTable 11. Average body length (m) with standard deviation (S.D.) and body length range of Antarctic minke
whales sampled in each stratum. Maturity of males was defined as Table 9.
Male

Sex
MatureAverage Max
S.D.
Min

Maturity
Stratum
AreaV West-North
AreaV East-North
AreaVI West-North
AreaV West-South
AreaV East-South (Ross)
AreaVI West-South

-

-

8.27
0.41
8.21
0.42

9.05
7.42
9.45
7.51

-

-

8.24
0.40
8.24
0.37

9.05
7.41
8.83
7.47

N

FemaleImmature
Average Max
S.D.
Min

-

N

-

-

6.50
0.61
6.34
1.24

7.40
5.46
7.55
4.74

-

-

-

-

40

-

-

-

27

7.57
0.69

8.51
6.33

7

34
23

MatureAverage Max
S.D.
Min

17
5

-

-

8.66
0.47
8.83
0.55

9.40
8.08
9.28
7.67

-

-

8.82
0.37
8.77
0.26

9.86
7.83
9.27
8.48

N

Immature
Average Max
S.D.
Min

8
7

-

-

6.37
1.03
7.35
0.70

8.04
4.97
8.12
6.15

-

-

7.88
0.42
6.80
0.65

9.03
6.85
8.26
5.86

261
9

Table 12. Summary of photo-ID.

SpeciesBlue whale
Humpback whale
Total

Area VI
West
North South
6
6

Area V
West
North South

0

0

East
North South

0

2
19
21

0

Total
2
25
27

Table 13. Summary of biopsy sampling.
SpeciesBlue whale
Fin whale
Humpback whale
Total

Area VI
West
North South220Area V
West
North South
0

14

1
1

East
North South
1
3
10
14

0

Total
1
3
13
17

N
11
9
30
13

Table14 . Summary of oceanographic and acoustic surveys.
Area

VI

E/W

West
East

V
West
Other
Total

N/S

North
South
North
South
North
South

CTD
(stations)
KK1
7
6
7
13
1
1

KS2
10
5
18
8
1
2

35

44

XCTD
(stations)
KK1
5
1
15
15
2
0
5
43

IKMT
(stations)

EPCS(days)

Echo sounder(days)

KS2
5
2
17
21
0
0

KK1
7
6
7
16
1
1

KS2
13
6
19
19
2
3

YS2
9
10
15
23
0
0

KS2
13
6
19
19
2
3

45

38

62

57

62

Figure 1. Geographic location of research area of the 2006/2007 JARPAII survey. Ice edge lines are
estimated by observation from research vessels and the information from Near real time DMSP SSM / I dailypolar griddled sea ice concentration data set available from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC,
Cavalieri et al. 1999).

15

Figure 2. The principle design of survey track line of SVs based on the minimum unit.

Figure 3. The principle design of survey track line of SSVs from the minimum unit.

16

Figure 4. Survey track line Searching effort of SVs in 2006/2007 JARPAII.

Figure 5. Survey track line of SSVs in 2006/2007 JARPAII.

17

Figure 6. Distribution of primary sightings of Antarctic minke whales sighted by SVs
in2006/007JARPAII.

Figure 7. Distribution of primary sightings of Antarctic minke whales sighted by SSVs in
2006/2007 JARPAII.
18

Figure 8. Distribution of primary sightings of humpback whales sighted by SVs in
2006/2007 JARPAII.

Figure 9. Distribution of primary sightings of humpback whales sighted by SSVs in 2006/2007 JARPAII.

19

Figure 10. Distribution of primary sightings of fin whales sighted by SVs in 2006/2007 JARPAII.

Figure 11. Distribution of primary sightings of fin whales sighted by SSVs in 2006/2007
JARPAII.

20

Figure 12. Distribution of primary sightings of blue whales sighted by SVs in 2006/2007 JARPAII.

Figure 13. Distribution of primary sightings of blue whales sighted by SSVs in 2006/2007 JARPAII.

21

Figure 14. Sighted position of sampled Antarctic minke whales by sex and reproductive
status in 2006/2007 JARPAII.

Figure 15. The CTD and XCTD observation stations in the research area in 2006/2007
JARPAII (circle: CTD stations, cross: XCTD stations).

22

Figure 16. Pre-determined survey track line of KK1 and IKMT
stations (filled circle: regular IKMT stations; open
triangle: target IKMT stations) in 2006/2007
JARPAII.

23