２０２４年度 海外帰国生徒特別選抜 学力検査
英語

【１】 次の英文を読んで，問１～問４に日本語で答えなさい。
In 1950, Alan Turing asked what it would mean for a computer to think like a human. Hesuggested a practical test, which he called “the imitation game,” but every AI researcher sincethen has called it (1) the “Turing test.” For all practical purposes, a computer could be called athinking machine if an ordinary human, communicating with the computer by typewriter, could
not tell whether he was talking with a human or a computer. Turing was very confident that thiswas quite possible. “I believe that in about fifty years’ time it will be possible to program
computers,” he wrote, “to make them play the imitation game so well that an average interviewer
will not have more than a 70 percent chance of making the right identification after five minutesof questioning.”(2) Turing’s prediction was slightly off. Every year the Loebner Prize competition
identifies the most humanlike “chatbot” in the world, with a gold medal and $100,000 offered toany program that succeeds in fooling all four judges into thinking it is human. As of 2015, intwenty-five years of competition, not a single program has fooled all of the judges or even half ofthem.
Turing didn’t just suggest the “imitation game”; he also proposed (3) a strategy to passit. “Instead of trying to produce a program to simulate the adult mind, why not rather try to produce
one which simulates the child’s?” he asked. If you could do that, then you could just teach it thesame way you would teach a child and, twenty years later (or less, given a computer’s greaterspeed), you would have an artificial intelligence. “Presumably the child brain is something like a
notebook as one buys it from the stationer’s,” he wrote. “Rather little mechanism, and lots ofblank sheets.” He was wrong about that: The child’s brain is rich in mechanisms and pre-stored
templates.
Nonetheless, I think that Turing was on to something. We probably will not succeed increating humanlike intelligence until we can create childlike intelligence, and a key componentof this intelligence is the mastery of causation.
How can machines acquire causal knowledge? This is still a major challenge that willundoubtedly involve a complex combination of inputs from active experimentation, passiveobservation, and (not least) the programmer — much the same inputs that a child receives, withevolution, parents, and peers substituted for the programmer.
However, we can answer a slightly less ambitious question: How can machines (andpeople) represent causal knowledge in a way that would enable them to access the necessary
information quickly, answer questions correctly, and do it with ease, as a three-year-old child can?
I call this (4) the mini-Turing test. The idea is to take a simple story, encode it on amachine in some way, and then test to see if the machine can correctly answer causal questions

that a human can answer. It is “mini” for two reasons. First, it is limited to causal reasoning,excluding other aspects of human intelligence such as vision and natural language. Second, weallow the contestant to encode the story in any convenient representation, removing the burden
from the machine of the task of acquiring the story from its own personal experience. Passing thismini-test has been my life’s work — consciously for the last twenty-five years and subconsciously
even before that.
(Used with permission of Hachette Books Group, from The book of why the new science of causeand effect, Judea Pearl, Dana Mackenzie, 2018; permission conveyed through Copyright
Clearance Center, Inc.)

問１ 下線部(1) the “Turing test”とありますが，その内容はどういったものですか。本文に即して具体的に説明しなさい。

問２ 下線部(2) Turing’s prediction was slightly off.とありますが，チューリングの予測はどのようなもので，実際の結果はどのようなものでしたか。本文に即して具体的に説明しなさい。
① チューリングの予測 ：② 実際の結果 ：問３ 下線部(3) a strategy to pass it とありますが，その内容はどのようなものですか。本
文に即して具体的に説明しなさい。

問４ 下線部(4) the mini-Turing test とありますが，その内容はどのようなものですか。
本文に即して具体的に説明しなさい。

【２】 次の問１～問５の下線部の意味として最も近いものを，それぞれ選択肢①～④から一つ選び，番号を[]に記入しなさい。

問１ Last night I went downtown to see a play.
①

遊び

②

演劇

③

演奏

④

役割
［］

［］

［］

［］

問２ We like to hang out at the beach on weekends.
①

泳ぐ

②

眺める

③

船をこぐ

④

ぶらつく

問３ I’ve just bought this shirt, but it doesn’t match my pants.
①

一致する

②

組み込む

③

試合をする

④

似合う

問４ I need to go to hospital, because I can’t bear this pain any longer.
①産む

②

熊にあう

③耐える

④

運ぶ

問５ You guys are a great team! Who is in charge of the new building project?
①

完成させる

②

請求する

③

担当する

④

突進する
［］

【３】 次の問１～問 10 の英文を作るために，()内に入れる語句として最も適切なものを，それぞれ選択肢①～④から一つ選び，番号を[

問１

Right, I’ll (]に記入しなさい。

) you a call this Friday, then.

① ask② give③ make④ send［

問２My parents have finally agreed to (① allow② force) me go abroad this summer.
③ let④ refuse［問３While I (② took

③ was taking④ would take［You won’t pass the exam (① because② however③ if

Of all the books I’ve ever read, this one has the (① interested］) you study hard. There’s so much to learn!
④ unless［問５］) my dog for a walk, it suddenly started raining.

① have taken

問４］② interesting］) plot.

③ most interested ④ most interesting［］問６

The town () I grew up is famous for its beautiful castle.

① when② where③ which④ who［問７In this cake recipe, instead of using a whole egg, we only need (① a few eggs

② a little egg③ few eggs).
④ little egg［問８The plan is (② already③ always④ sometimes［Two years ago my father was still (① alive

問 10］) complete. We just need to add the finishing touches.

① almost

問９］

His work has been (② life］) and actively participating in the business.
③ live④ lived［］［］) six different languages.

① changed to② interpreted about③ referred to④ translated into【４】 If you could choose any type of job as a career after graduation, which would you choose,
and why? Write your answer in English, supporting it with your reasons.

２０２４年度 海外帰国生徒特別選抜 学力検査
小 論 文

小 論 文 課 題「外国語学習は幼児期から始めることが望ましい」とする考え方について、600 字程度（句読点を含む）であなたの意見を理由とともに述べなさい。
（楷書で丁寧に記すこと）