Thermal No. 4 January 31, 2022

The Netherlands
Member of ICHMT, AIHTC, EOROTHERM(1) Overview(Central European Time, CET: UTC+1, Population: 17.5 million)

Thermal No. 4 January 31, 2022
4. Education (Undergraduate/Graduate School)

1. Major Societies

The Netherlands has one large society for all engineering
disciplines: the KIvI (Koninklijk Instituut voor Ingenieurs).
KIvI has 40 divisions, such as energy and heat technology,
process technology, mechanical engineering. The energy
and heat technology division of KIvI organizes several
small-scale symposia per year on a large variety of specifictopics.

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Elementary School, 6 years; High School, 6 years; Bachelor program of 3 years; Master program of 2years.
After High School, there is an alternative choice for a HBO (Hoger BeroepsOnderwijs: Higher
Professional Education), sometimes called a University of Applied Sciences leading to a bachelor title in
4 years. Since a few years, some HBOs also offer a limited number of Master programs.
There are 11 regular universities, of which 3 (Delft, Eindhoven and Twente) are technical universities
with engineering faculties. The universities of Wageningen and Groningen offer a restricted number ofengineering programs.
There are 37 HBOs.
All programs start early September, and are divided either in semesters or in quarters.
All Bachelor and Master programs at the regular universities use the English language. This has led to alarge inflow of foreign students in our programs.
Most of the Bachelor programs at the HBOs use the Dutch language.
After a Master program our students have the option to apply for a 4-years PhD program.
In the engineering faculties there still is a severe gender imbalance with a low percentage of female
students.

5. University System
Most of Dutch scientists and engineers in heat and mass transfer from the Dutch universities belong together withthe scientists in fluid mechanics to the J.M. Burgerscentrum.

Most universities are based upon research groups, which each have one or more full professors (chairs)
and some associate and assistant professors, in which part of the latter have a tenure track position.
The educational part of some of the PhD programs is organized in national research schools, such as theJ.M. Burgerscentrum.
The retirement age in the Netherlands gradually increases towards 67 in the year 2024.

6. Foundations of Scientific ResearchThe J.M. Burgerscentrum is the national research school for fluid mechanics. About sixty professors with
their groups with a total of 120 senior scientific staff participate in it. With the combined knowledge, skills
and facilities of these research groups the JMBC offers a very stimulating, multidisciplinary environment foradvanced research in fluid mechanics and heat transfer and for the education of talented graduate andpostgraduate students. At present more than 350 PhD-students and 60 postdocs participate in the JMBC. JMBC
has contact groups on multiphase flow, CFD, combustion, Lattice-Boltzmann techniques, turbulence,experimental techniques, biological fluid mechanics and microfluidics.
Next to the contact group on combustion within the JMBC in the Netherlands there is also a national sectionof the Combustion Institute. The main event organized by the Dutch Section is the annually 1-day symposium"Combura" in cooperation with the Dutch Section of IFRF "Nederlandse Vereniging voor Vlamonderzoek"(NVV).

Dutch research council NWO (Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek).
The ministry of economic affairs sponsors cooperation between research institutes/universities andindustry in 10 top sectors. One of these top sectors is Energy.
There are ample possibilities for research funding by programs of the European Union.

7. Major Public/Private Research Institutes
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TNO - Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research
ECN - Energy Centre Netherlands
Marin - Maritime Research Institute Netherlands
Deltares - National Research Centre for Water and Subsurface
NLR - National Aerospace Laboratory
ISPT - Institute for Sustainable Process Technology

8. Addendum
2. Major Meetings
The Burgers Symposium is the national meeting of the J.M. Burgerscentrum. This is an annual 2-day eventat the end of May or early June, with about 200 participants. The program consists of a mix of invited lectures
given by (foreign) senior scientists and short presentations by the PhDs from the J.M. Burgerscentrum.

The Netherlands is member of the AIHTC, where it also represents Belgium, Luxembourg, Denmark, Finland,
Sweden and Norway
President of the Division Energy and Heat Technology of KIvI: Bendix Jan BOERSMA (b.j.boersma@tudelft.nl)
President of J.M. Burgers Centre: Ruud HENKES (r.a.w.m.henkes@tudelft.nl)

COMBURA, the national meeting of the Dutch section of the Combustion Institute (CI). This is an annual 2day meeting in November with about 60 participants. The program consists of a few invited lectures given by(foreign) senior scientists and lectures from Dutch members of the CI.

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Thermal No. 6 May 8, 2023

Thermal No. 6 May 8, 2023
2. Report on 1st Eurotherm Seminar on caloric heating and cooling (CHC 2021)

The Netherlands, Member of ICHMT, AIHTC, EUROTHERM (2)1. Digital Teaching Heat Transfer with HeatQuiz
Wilko Rohlfs and Reinhold Kneer
2. Report on 1st Eurotherm Seminar on caloric heating and cooling
Mina Shahi, Ekkes Brück, Muhammet S. Toprak
1. Teaching Heat Transfer with HeatQuiz
Prof. Dr. Wilko Rohlfs, Dept. of Mech. Eng., University of Twente, The Netherlands
w.rohlfs@utwente.nl
Prof. Dr. Reinhold Kneer, Institute of Heat and Mass Transfer, RWTH Aachen University,Germany
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in interest in digital teaching concepts. Online
platforms such as "EDX" and "LinkedIn Learning" are now widely popular tools for education,
extending beyond primary education. These platforms provide access to high-quality education from anywhere inthe world, making education accessible to people who may have previously had limited access. Moreover, online
and hybrid teaching methods have become the norm for active university students, particularly in light of theCOVID-19 pandemic.
The online platform HeatQuiz, developed collaboratively by RWTH Aachen University (Germany) and theUniversity of Twente, offers a comprehensive self-study course covering the topics of heat and mass transfer, as
well as thermodynamics. It is freely accessible and uses a visual learning path to guide learners through a series ofmicro-lectures, quiz questions as well as tutorial questions with solutions. It also provides access to classicallecture notes, and a book of formularies. While HeatQuiz is designed for self-directed learning, it also forms thebasis of a flipped classroom concept for large courses (with 250 students at the University of Twente and over1000 students at RWTH Aachen University). Duringclassroom sessions, students are encouraged torecapitulate and deepen their knowledge throughdiscussions and everyday examples.

Prof. Dr. Ekkes Brück, Technical University of Delft, TheNetherlands
Dr. Mina Shahi, University of Twente, The Netherlands
Prof. Dr. Muhammet S. Toprak, KTH Royal Institute ofTechnology, Sweden
The CHC 2021 conference (https://eurotherm.et.utwente.nl), originally planned to be held in the Netherlands but
conducted virtually on 13th-15th July 2021 due to COVID-19 restrictions, was sponsored by the 4TU Center ofEnergy, BDR Thermea Group, Oversluizen Thermal Engineering, and Ferro Tec. The event featured 41presentations, including 3 plenary talks, and a poster session. To enhance the interactivity of the poster presentation
session, a brief pitch was recorded for each poster.
The presentations covered theoretical, numerical, and experimental approaches to the development of Caloric
Materials & Devices, with a focus on recent developments and challenges in the fabrication of magnetocaloric,Barocaloric, and Elastocaloric devices, as well as advances in caloric-based devices such as heat pumps,refrigerators, and generators. The need for fostering collaboration within Europe was emphasized. The conference
successfully brought together scientists and engineers from around the world to exchange knowledge and ideas. A
breakdown of the number of presentations and participants by topic and country is provided in Figure 2.1.

One of HeatQuiz's unique features is its collection ofover 900 quiz questions, which train students to draw
temperature profiles, define view factors and surface
brightness, recapitulate dimensionless numbers, anddevelop energy balances.
The analysis of student performance in the HeatQuiz
learning tool and its comparison with their exam
results highlights a strong correlation between successrates and active participation. In fact, for certain
question types, students who practiced with HeatQuiz
achieved a success rate that was twice as high as those
who did not.
This platform has been proven to be a highly effective
tool for enhancing self-directed learning for students
and other interested learners. In the upcoming years,
the concept is planned to be transferred to moreengineering courses such as mechanics, fluid
mechanics, and elasticity theory. The collaboration
between the universities is an excellent example ofteaching partnership in the digital era.

Fig. 2.1 Share of presentations and the participations per countries

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