PROF. A. A. GUKHMAN

H.h<.

Int. J. Heat Maw Transfer.

Vol. 10, pp. 164-1648.

PcrgamonPress Ltd. 1967.

TO A. A. GUKHMAN

ON HIS 70th BIRTHDAY

ON 5 FEBRUARY
1967 was the seventieth armiversary of the birth and the forty-fifth anniversaryof the scientific and teaching activities of oneof the most prominent Soviet scientists, Doctorof Physico-mathematical
Sciences, Professor,
Head of a Department in the Moscow Instituteof Chemical Engineering, Alexander Adolfovich
Gukhman. He is a scientist with an unusuallywide range of interests coupled with a great
depth of penetration into the essence of thestudied problem, striving for the explanationof the physical mechanism of the phenomenon
and for revealing the logical structure of thetheories available and being developed.
1n.a brief review it is impossible to show thecontribution of such a prominent scientist toscience and to describe even the most importantresearch works carried out by Alexander Adolfovich, for he published 79 papers and wrote 5
scientific monographs.
In his theoretical studies great attention ispaid to the analysis of the logical structure ofthermodynamics. These investigations gave an
original system of thermodynamic construction which is well-composed and notable for its
completeness. For the first time in science thissystem was developed in a complete form in ourcountry and published in the book “Foundations of Thermodynamics” in 1947.
Especially widely known in the U.S.S.R. andabroad are Gukhman’s works dedicated to thesimilarity theory, the present form of whichis indebted to him to a considerable degree.
In his first book “Physical Fundamentals ofHeat Transfer” published in 1934 he gave asystematic interpretation to the fundamentalsof the similarity theory and its application toheat-transfer
problems. This book aroused
great interest among thermal engineers andstill has not lost its importance now. In 1963
5M

Printed in Great Britain

was published the monograph “Introduction
into the Similarity Theory” which, crowned
Alexander Adolfovich’s many years of workon the development of a complete similarity
theory as a study on generalized variables
typical for any given process. The book reveals
the depth of the internal logical bonds of themethod and the apparatus of the similarity
theory.
Of the thermo-physical studies of Alexander
Adolfovich, his most famous are those on
the problem of heat transfer and hydrodynamic
resistance in a gas flow with high velocity.
Thirty years had been dedicated to these investigations, during which time, together withhis pupils, he obtained a number of most important results. Let us mention only thederivation of a generalized form of the hydrodynamic heat-transfer theory and the entropy
method of hydrodynamic resistance calculationin the transonic region, and the study of theeffect of turbulence degeneration in the transition through the velocity of sound.
In the last ten years Gukhman has been
deeply interested in the problem of sublimation in vacuum and his ideas on the physicalmechanism of sublimation and the effect of theprocess itself on the heat- and mass-transfer
rate achieved recognition in a wide circle ofspecialists. At least two distinguishing features
are most typical of Alexander Adolfovich’s
works. First of all it is clearly seen that his works
are produced not only as a reply to the questions
raised by the engineering practice of today but
also as a result of insight into the ways of thedevelopment of t&hnical ideas. The otherfeature, perhaps the most typical one, is thestriving for comprehensive generalizations and,construction of serious scientific analogies andabstractions.

1645

1646

A. V. LUIKOV,

N. B. KONDUKOV

Gukhman’s research work is closely interwoven with his teaching activity. After graduating from the Petrograd Polytechnical Institute in1921 he has been working continuously at theHigh School. He rightly earned the reputation asa brilliant lecturer who can interpret the mostcomplicated theoretical problems in a clear, profound and consistent manner. This is equally trueof both the lectures for the students and the extramural courses for scientific workers and engineers regularly delivered by him. The originalityof the material, high theoretical level of the lectures, their extremely rational construction and
excellent style constantly attract broad circles ofengineers and scientific workers to his lectures.
The scientific ideas developed by Gukhman
are being developed by his numerous pupils,
some grouping directly around him and somedeveloping his ideas in various scientific institutions of the Soviet Union.
His talent for organization promoted him as acreator and leader of research organizations andlaboratories. He is one of the founders of the
Polzunov Central Scientific-Research TurbineBoiler Institute where for a long time he has
guided physico-technical research works, and is
still closely connected with the Institute. He took
part in organizing the Institutes of Astronomy
and Physics, for he was also one of the organizers
and the scientific director of the Institute ofEnergetics of the KazSSR Academy of Sciences.
The versatility of his knowledge, his profoundideas, the wide scope of his intellectual interestsand personal charm earned him a well merited
prestige among the students and scientificworkers.
In the days of his anniversary Alexander
Adolfovich is full of creative projects and energy
infecting all those working around him withenthusiasm.
We wish Alexander Adolfovich Gukhman thefulfilment of all his extensive creative projects.
REFERENCES

1. A. A. GUKHWN, Gn the charge factor of four-cycle
enaiines.
Azerb. Nefi. k%oz. (1923).
\
I

and N. G. STYUSHIN

2. A. A. GUKHMAN,To the temperature dependence ofindicator efftciencv, Azerb. Neft. Khoz. (1923).
3. A. A. GUKHMAN,Rail Cars, Collected papers. Uspekh.

Tepl. Tekhn. (1924).
4. A. A. GUKHMAN,Temperature distribution in the wallsof internal combustion engine cylinders, Collected
papers, Uspekh. Sovrem. Dizelstr. (1924).
5. A. A. GUKHMAN,Gn a graphical method of heatamount definition, Izv. I.&&.
Politekh. Inst. 29(1925).
6. A. A. GUKHMAN,To the theory of heat transfer in a freegas flow, Trudy Leningr. Fir-Tekh. Inst. vyp. 6 (1926).
On heat transfer
7. A. A. GUKHMANand M. V. KIRPICHEV,
of a vertical tube in a free air flow, Tru& Leningr.
Fi:.-Tekh. Inst. VyQ. 6 (1926).
8. A. A. GUKHMAN and M. V. K~RPICHEV,Theory ofmodels. Izv. Leninar. Politekh. Inst. 30 (1927).
9. A. A. ‘GuKHMAN,-S~~~~boilers, Course of lectures,

Narodny Universitet na Domu, Leningrad (1927).
similarity
in application to the study of a gas flow with the helpof models, in Proceedings of the 3rd AN-Union Thermal

10. A. A. GUKHMAN,The law of mechanical

Meeting (1924).
11. A. A. GUKHMAN,On heat transfer, in Proceedings of the
3rd All-Union Thermal Meeting (1924).
12. A. A. GUKHMAN,Approximate thermal similarity fat
the case of a flue with variable cross-section, Izv
Leningr. Politekh. Inst. vyp. 32 (1929).
13. A. A. GUKHMANand M. V. KIRPICHEV,Similarity
theory. Trudy Gos. Fi:. Tekh. Lab. vyp. 9 (1929).
14. A. A. GUICHMAN, Heat Transfer, Lectures delivered at

trade-improvement
courses for thermal engineers,
Leningrad (1924).
15 A. A. GUKHMAN
and M. V. KIRPICHW,Heat transfer of__.
pipes in a free air flow, Trudy Gos. Fiz; Tekh. Lab. vyp.
9 (1929).
16. A. A. GUKHMANand M. V. KIRPICHEV,Applications of
the similarity theorv, Trudy Obl. Lenin,gr.
- Teplotekh.
_Inst. vyp. 1 (i931). .

.

17. A. A. GUKHMANand N. V. MIKHEEVA.Similaritv of
unsteady thermal solid states, Trt& Obl. Leningr.
Teplotekh. Inst. vyp. 1 (1931).
18. A. A. GUKHMAN,Radiant heat transfer between twoparallel plates, Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 1, vyp. 5 (1931).
19. A. A. GUKHMAN,To the theory of resonance in pipelines of piston engines and compressors, Dizelestr. 5(4) (1931).
Similarity of
20. A. A. GUKHMANand A. S. SINELNIKOV,
solid cooling processes in a forced gas flow, Zh. Tekh.
Fiz. 2, vyp. 6 (1932).
21. A. A. GUKHMAN,Scientific-research work in physicothermal engineering, Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 2, vyp. 1 (1933).
V. S. ZHWOVSKYand V. N. TARA.WVA,
22. A. A. G~JKHMAN,

To the similarity boundaries in gas-dynamic phenomena,
in Proceedings of VITGEO to the 17th Party Congress(1934).
23. A. A. GUKHMAN,Similarity theory, Technical Encyclopaedia, Vol. 22 (1934).
24. A. A. GUKHMAN,Extension of the screen method to thecase of two surfaces one of which is enveloping theother, Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 4, vyp. 4 (1934).

70TH

BIRTHDAY

25. A. A. GUKHMANand L. G. L~YTSYANXIY,Turbulent
flow, Technical Encyclopaedia, Vol. 24 (1934).
and N. V. MIKHFJWA,Similarity of
26. A. A. GCJKHMAN
unsteady thermal states of a solid, Paper 2, Trudy
VITGEO No. 8 (1934).

27. A. A. GUKHMAN and N. V. MIKHIWA, Similarity of
unsteady thermal states of a solid, Paper 3, Trudy
VITGEO No. 8 (1934).

28. A. A. GUKHMAN, L. G. LCWTSYANSKN and V. S.
ZHIJKOVSKIY,
Sur quelques methodes de la reduction dela resistance hydrodynamique et de I’intensificationde la transmission de la chaleur, Tech. Phys. U.S.S.R.
l(1934).
29. A. A. GUKHMAN, Mechanism of relations betweenhydrodynamic resistance and heat transfer, in Proceedings of the 3rd Aerodynamic

1647

OF A. A. GUKHMAN

Conference held in 1932,

Collected papers (1934).
30. A. A. GUKHMAN, Physical Fundamentals of Heat
Transfer Energoizdat (1934).
31. A. A. GUKHMAN, Fundamentals of the similarity
theory, Sorena No. 5 (1934).
32. A. A. GUKHMAN, Similarity theory as a basis of themodel method, Sorena No. 6 (1934).
33. A. A. GUKHMAN,N. V. ILYUKHIN,V. N. T-VA
andVARSHAVSKY,
Study of heat transfer in a gas flow alonga straight duct at rather a high velocity, Zh. Tekh. Fiz.
5, vyp. 10 (1935).
34. A. A. GUKHMAN, On heat transfer at high velocity,
Sov. Kotloturbostr. No. 4 (1934).
35. A. A. G ~KHMAN,To the similarity of temperature andvelocity fields of a turbulent flow, Zh. Tekh. Fir. 6, vyp.
5 (1936).

36. A. A. GUKHMAN,To the relation between resistanceand heat transfer in a turbulent flow, Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 8,
vyp. 9 (1938).
37. A. A. GUKHMAN,Methods of comparison of convective
heatinu surfaces. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 8. WD. 17 (1938).
38. A. A.-GUKHM& To the theory ofi&iting states of amoving gas, Z/I. Tekh. Fiz. 9, vyp. 5 (1939).
39. A. A. GUKHMAN,Determination of the number ofsimilarity criteria, &hen. Zap. Kazakh. Gos. Univ.
(1941).
40. A. A. GUKHMAN, The role of temperature in similarity
theory equations, Uchen. Zap. Kazakh. Gos. Univ.
(1941).

41. A. A. GUKHMAN,The study of gas movement along atube at high velocity and heat transfer, Zh. Tekh. Fiz.
IO, vyp. 20 (1940).

42. A. A. GIJKHMAN,Extension of the similarity theory to
the case of a medium with variable physical properties,
Izv. Kazakh. Fil. Akad. Nauk, Energ. Ser. vyp. 1 (1945).
43. A. A. G~JKHMAN,
On crisis phenomena in gas movement,
Vest. Kazakh. Fil. Akad. Nauk No. 7, 8 (1945).
44. A. A. GUKHMAN,To the theory of gas movement,
Sovetsk. Kotfoturbostr., No. 1 (1947).
45. A. A. GUI&MAN, On Fundamentals of Thermodynamics
Izd. Akad. Nauk Kazakh. SSR (1947).
46. A. A. GUKHMAN,Some problems of gas movement
theory, Izv. Kazakh. Fil. Akad. Nauk, Energ. Ser. vyp. 2(1948).
47. A. A. GIJKHMAN and N. V. ILWKHIN, Heat transfer inhigh velocity gas flow in tubes,

Tr@v

TsKTI,

12,

vyp. 3 (1949).
48. A. A. GUKHMAN,Some relations in the theory of
nonadiabatic gas flows, Trudy Mask. Aviats. Tekhnol.
Inst. vyp. 8 (1950).
49. A. A. GUKHMANand A. I. VEINIK.Analvsis of conditionsof thermal interaction between cast&g and mould,
Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 21, vyp. 1 (1951).
50. A. A. GUKHMANand A. I. VEINIK,Calculation methodsof crystallization processes in casting Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 21,
vyp. 1 (1951).
51. A. A. GUKHMANand N. V. ILYUKHIN,Fundamentals
of Heat Transfer Study in a High Velocity Gas Flow.

Mashgiz. (1951).
52. A. A. GUKHMAN,N. V. ILYUKHIN,A. F. GANDELWAN
and L. N. NAIJICITS,
Experimental investigation of heattransfer and resistance in subsonic region, Trudy
TsKTI 21, vyp. 5 (1954).
53. A. A, GUKHMAN,N. V. ILYUKHIN,A. F. GANDFXSMAN
and L. N. NAURITS,Experimental investigation of athermocouple in a high velocity longitudinal flow,
Trudy TsKTI21, vyp. 5 (1954).
54. A. A. GUKHMAN,On G. N. Krnzhilin’s formula forvaponr humidity versns loading, Izv. Akad. Nauk
SSSR, Otd. Tekh. Nauk No. 2 (1952).

55. A. A. GUKHMANand N. V. ILYUKHIN,Temperaturefactor influence on heat transfer rate, Zh.. Tekh. Fiz.
22, vyp. 5 (1952)

56. A. A. GUKHMAN,Some problems of high rate convective
heat transfer, Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 23, vyp. 6 (1953).
On peculiarities
57. A. A. GUKHMANand E. A. ERMAKOVA,of heat transfer in ice sublimation, Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 23,
vyp. 8 (1953).
58. A. A. GUKHMAN,The inlluence of medium velocity onheat transfer rate at vapour generation, Teploenergetika
No. 2 (1954).

59. A. A. GUKHMAN,On one argument of criterial heat andmass transfer equations in evaporation and drying,
Teploenergetika No. 5 (1954).
60. A. A. GUKHMAN,A. F. GAN&LSMAN,N. V. ILYUKHIN
and L. N. NARRATE,
The study of resistance coefficientwhen gas flows at nearsonic velocity, I and II, Zh.
Tekh. Fir. 24, vyp. 12 (1954).

61 A. A. GUKHMAN, A. F. GANDELWANand N. V.
ILYUKHIN,The study of resistance coefftcient variation
when gas flows at supersonic velocity, Teploenergetika
No. 1 (1955).
62. A. A. GUKHMAN,Remarks on P. V. Dvornichenko’s
paper, Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 27, vyp. 5 (1957).
63. A. A. GUKHMAN,A. F. GANDEJ..%w~~~ L. N. NAURITS,
On hydrodynamic resistance in transonic flow region,
Energomashinostroenie No. 7 (1957).
64. A. A. GUKHMAN,Application of the similarity theory
to the study of heat and mass transfer in drying, Pfenary
Session of the AR- Union Scientific-Engineering
Meeting, 1956. Protizdat (1958).

Drying65. A. A. GUKHMAN,Remarks on the article by A. I.
Veinik “The equation of the state of a gas”, Znzh.-Fiz.
Zh. 2, 2 (1959).

66. A. A. GUKHMAN,Reply to the objections of A. I.
Veinik, Inzh.-Fiz. Zh. 2, 3 (1959).

1648

A. V. LUIKOV,

N. B. KONDUKOV

67. A. A. GUKHMANand E. A. ERMAKOVA,
On the Essenceof the Similarity Theory. Izd. Mosk. Inst. Khim. Mash.

(1959).
68. A. A. GUKHMAN,On the modem state of the similarity
theory, in Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions Conference on the Similarity Theory and its
Applications to Heat Engineering, MOSCOW (1961).
69. A. A. GUKHMANand A. F. GANDEISMAN,
The applica-tion of the entropy method to the determination of
displacement thickness for adiabatic flow, Inzh.-Fiz.
Zh. 4,9 (1961).
70. A. A. GUKHMAN,Application of the entropy method toinvestigation of transonic adiabatic flows, Int. I. Heat
Mass Transfer 5, 889 (1962).
71. A. A. GUKHMAN,A. F. GANDELSMAN,
L. N. NAURITS

and V. V. USANOV,Peculiarities of supersonic flows
immediately adjoining the transonic region, Inzh.-Fiz.
Zh. 6, 6 (1963).
12. A. A. GUKHMAN,
Introduction to the Theory of Similarity.

Academic Press, New York (1965).

and N. G. STYUSHIN

73. A. A. GUKHMAN,Modelling, Fiz. Entsykl. Slav. 3(1963).
14. A. A. C~UKHMAN, Similarity theory, Fiz. Entsykl. Slav.
4 (1965).
75. A. A. GUKHMAN,Analysis of dimensions, Fiz. Entsykl.
Slav. 4 (1965).
76. A. A. GUKHMANand E. A. ERMAKOVA,
Some experimental results on evaporation from solid state undervacuum, Collected papers, Teplo-massoperenos 3 (1965).
77. A. A. GUKHMAN,The theory of similarity, its essence,
methods and real possibilities, Khim. Prom. No. 7 (1965).
78. A. A. GUKHMAN,N. B. KONLXJKOVet al., Peculiarities oftransfer processes in fluidized bed, in Proceedings ofthe 3rd International Heat Transfer Conference, Vol. 4(1966).

A. V. LUIKOV
N. B. KONDUKOV
N. G. STYUSHIN