X-ray Free Electron Laser(Accelerator Based X-ray Laser)

Contens! Free Electron Laser Basic! About our SCSS & XFEL/SPring-8! Diffraction Imaging

SPring-8/XFEL and SCSS

Undulator = Periodic Magnetic Device

Understanding Radiation! Free download “Radiation2D” from http://ShintakeLab.com! Basic physics of radiation.
! Radio-wave( dipole radiation)! Thermal radiation.
! Synchrotron Radiation! Undulator Radiation! Free Electron Laser Basic

We need very high energyt = λu /uz

λx = ct − λu= (c /uz −1) λu

1/ βz −1 ≈ 1 − βz

= (1/ βz −1) λu= (1 − βz ) ×

λu ⎛ K 2 ⎞
= 2 ⎜1+ ⎟
2γ ⎝
2 ⎠

€

γ = E /m0c 2 = 8 GeV/ 0.51 MeV = 15600€€€

β = 1-1/γ 2 ≈ 1 −1/2γ 2 = 1 − 2.05 × 10 −9= 0.9999999998

K = 0.1 × λu (cm) × Bx (kG)
= 0.1 × 2cm × 10kG)=2

λu ⎛ K 2 ⎞
λx = 2 ⎜1+ ⎟
2γ ⎝
2 ⎠

1+ βz
1+ βz
2

2

1 − βz 2 1 − β + βy
≈
=
2
2
1
= 2 1+ (γβy ) 22γ
1 ⎛ K 2 ⎞
= 2 ⎜1+ ⎟
2γ ⎝
2 ⎠

(

)

2cm €
2
=
(1+
2
/2) = 0.4 A˙ × 3 = 1.2 A˙
22(15600)

FEL = Coherent Undulator Radiation

Physical Origin of Micro-bunching (FEL Action)! Undulator field produces curved trajectory. From thisslope, the tangential component of EM wave createslongitudinal field.

FEL Power

Saturation

Exponential
SignalAmplification

SeedingorInfinitely Long
Undulator

Seeding

Shot Noise

Distance Along Undulator

T. Shintake
2007.01

Basic Machine Layout of XFEL/SPring-8

Expected Performance of XFEL/SPring-8

Wavelength< 0.1 nmPeak Power~ 20 GW

X-ray Pulse
Length200 fs ~ 20 fs

X-ray Pulse
EnergyMax 0.4 mJ

Photon Flux

2 x 1011 p/pulse

Peak Brightness

1 x 1033
p/mm2/mrad2/0.1% BW

X-ray Pulse
Repetition

10 ~ 3000 pps(50 bunch x 60 Hz)

Bunch per Pulse

1 ~ 50(4.2 nsec spacing)e Beam8 GeV x 0.3 nC
0.8 Smm.mrad, 3 kA

Expected X-ray pulse of 0.1 nm(SIMPLEX simulation)!

Short Period Undulator

Lower Beam Energy!

In-Vacuum Undulator : λu= 18 mm, K=1.9, λx < 1 Å  E= 8 GeV,
SLAC-LCLS : λu= 30 mm, K=3.7, λx~ 1.5 Å  E= 14 GeV
Euro-XFEL : λu= 36 mm, K=3.3, λx < 1 Å  E= 17.5 GeV!

High Gradient Accelerator

Short Accelerator Length!

8 GeV, C-band 35 MV/m  230 m
SLAC-LCLS : S-band 19 MV/m  740 m!

Thermionic Electron Source

Short Saturation Length!

Thermionic gun + velocity bunching  0.8 π.mm.mrad @ 3k A, 8GeV
 multi-bunch operation, smooth & quiet beam for seeding
SCSS/XFEL
StatusLaboratory Review
April,
2010
January
19, 2010

14

Tsumoru Shintake
shintake@spring8.or.jp

T. Shintake@ SCSS & XFEL/SPring-8 2008

SCSS Test Accelerator Performance•••2006 First lasing at 49 nm
2007 Full saturation at 60 nm
2008 User operation statC-bandaccelerator

500 kV Pulse electron gun
CeB6 Thermionic cathodeBeam current 1 Amp.

238 MHzbuncher

476 MHzbooster

In-vacuum
undulator

S-bandbuncherE-beamCharge: 0.3 nC
Emittance: 0.7 S.mm.mrad(measured at undulator)
Four C-band accelerators
1.8 m x 4
Emax = 37 MV/m
Energy = 250 MeV
In-Vacuum Undulators
Period = 15 mm, K=1.3
Two 4.5 m long.

Single-crystal CeB6 Cathode for
the SCSS Low-emittance Injector
No HV breakdownfor 4 years daily operation

After 20,000 hours operation
1 crystal changed.
Single-crystal CeB6

500 kV Electron Gun

Diameter : I3 mm
Temperature : ~1500 deg.C
Beam Voltage : 500 kVPeak Current : 1 A
Pulse Width : ~2 Ps

Heating CathodeSCSS/XFEL
StatusLaboratory Review
April,
2010
January
19, 2010

35

Tsumoru Shintake
shintake@spring8.or.jp

SCSS/XFEL
StatusLaboratory Review
April,
2010
January
19, 2010

20

Tsumoru Shintake
shintake@spring8.or.jp

Beam Profile!
CCD Image!
Scale 10 mm!

250 MeV Compressor!

SCSS/XFEL
StatusLaboratory Review
April,
2010
January
19, 2010

500 kV Gun!

50 MeV Injector Out!

Undulator Input!

Undulator Output!

22

Tsumoru Shintake
shintake@spring8.or.jp

July 䋲䋰䋰䋷, StockholmFirst Lasing at SCSS Prototype Accelerator.
June 15, 2006

Shintake, Summer 2008

First Lasing at SCSS Prototype Accelerator.

•
•
•
•
•

The first lasing: 49 nm
E-beam energy : 250 MeV
Bunch charge: 0.25 nC
Bunch length: (< 1 pse)Peak Current (> 300 A)•

At moment spectrum
width 0.5 nm is dominatedby e-beam energy
fluctuation ~ 0.2%.

SCIENCE

Thinking big. Tsumoro
Shintake with a prototype
XFEL at SPring-8.

MATERIALS SCIENCE

Japanese Latecomer Joins Race
To Build a Hard X-ray Laser
X-ray free-electron lasers are the next big thing in high-energy probes of matter.
With U.S. and European machines in the works, Japan wants into the club
SAYO, HYOGO PREFECTURE, JAPAN—It’s thescientific version of keeping up with theJoneses. Once researchers in one region plana big, new experimental device, researchers
everywhere want their own. The latest examp le: x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs),
which promise beams that are vastly brighter
and with higher energy and shorter pulses
than today’s workhorse synchrotron x-rays.
These “hard” x-ray wavelengths—down tobroad interest for science, it is no surprise that
[researchers] in three regions of the world wantto have a facility of their own,” says Reinhard
Brinkmann, who leads the European effort
based at the German Electron Synchrotron(DESY) research center in Hamburg. “Freeelectron lasers are amazing things which herald a new era in photon science,” says Janos
Hajdu, a synchrotron radiation specialist at
Uppsala University in Sweden.

VOL 314

3 NOVEMBER 2006

or oscillating in lockstep—a quality missing
from synchrotron light.
Although all three planned systems sharethe same basic setup, subtle differences give
each of them strengths and weaknesses. “Thefinal targets of the XFEL projects are the same,but the means are different,” says Tsumoru
Shintake, who heads accelerator development
for Japan’s XFEL.
The first project to come online will be
Stanford’s LCLS. Much of the key researchunderpinning XFELs was done at SLAC
beginning in the early 1990s. And SLAC got ahead start by using a 1-kilometer stretch of its
now-idled linear accelerator, or linac. The
SLAC group estimates that reusing its linac
has saved more than $300 million, giving a
total construction cost of $379 million. LCLS
will have one undulator providing hard and soft
x-rays to up to six experimental stations.
Galayda says the group expects to generate its
first x-rays by July 2008 and to start experiments by March 2009.
Japan’s entry is the SPring-8 Compact
SASE Source (SCSS), just now getting underrconstruction here. Latecomers to the field, theteam is using some homegrown technology to
cut cost and size. “We’re taking the first step
toward making XFELs smaller and cheaper somore [institutions] can consider developing
their own,” boasts SCSS project leader Tetsuya
Ishikawa. Whereas the other two machines will
generate electrons by firing a laser at a metaltarget, the SCSS heats a cathode to produce
electrons. Eliminating the laser simplifies thesystem but requires careful compression of thecloud of electrons before they go into the linac.
The wavelength of the output x-rays is a

60 nm, courtecy of Nishino.
SCSS/XFEL
StatusLaboratory Review
April,
2010
January
19, 2010

24

Tsumoru Shintake
shintake@spring8.or.jp

FY’06
Building
Accelerating structures
and waveguide systems

Klystrons and modulators

Control cabinets andlow level rf systems
Undulators

Beam Commissioning

FY’07

FY’08

FY’09

FY’10

FY’11

50 m Experimental Hall
200 m Undulator Hall

400 m Accelerator Tunnel
Klystron Gallery

Machine Assembly Hall

SCSS/XFEL
StatusLaboratory Review
April,
2010
January
19, 2010

4

Tsumoru Shintake
shintake@spring8.or.jp

SCSS/XFEL
StatusLaboratory Review
April,
2010
January
19, 2010

5

Tsumoru Shintake
shintake@spring8.or.jp

SCSS/XFEL
StatusLaboratory Review
April,
2010
January
19, 2010

6

Tsumoru Shintake
shintake@spring8.or.jp

SCSS/XFEL
StatusLaboratory Review
April,
2010
January
19, 2010

7

Tsumoru Shintake
shintake@spring8.or.jp

2009 Aug

SCSS/XFEL
StatusLaboratory Review
April,
2010
January
19, 2010

8

Tsumoru Shintake
shintake@spring8.or.jp

2009 Aug

SCSS/XFEL
StatusLaboratory Review
April,
2010
January
19, 2010

9Tsumoru Shintake
shintake@spring8.or.jp

2010 May

SCSS/XFEL
StatusLaboratory Review
April,
2010
January
19, 2010

10

Tsumoru Shintake
shintake@spring8.or.jp

13,000 cells are under mass production.

T. Shintake, “Choke Mode Cavity”,
Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 31 pp. L1567-L1570, November 1992

Higher Order Mode Damping for Multi-bunch operation.
Maximum 50 bunches x 1 nC, at 4.2 nsec spacing
X-ray 4.2 nsec x 50 bunches will be key forSingle bio-molecule imaging to improve Luminosity.
Sadao Miura, MITSUBISHI Heavy Ind, April 2008
SCSS/XFEL
StatusLaboratory Review
April,
2010
January
19, 2010

11

Tsumoru Shintake
shintake@spring8.or.jp

HITACHI Cable Co. completed
mass production of C-band cell. June 2009

We made 13,000 piecesof C-band accelerator cell.

Mass Production of C-band Accelerator
at MITSUBISHI Heavy Ind. 2007 ~ 2009
Laser
GuidedPrecision
Machining

MITSUBISHI-Team completed 100 tubes (out of 128)
C-band Accelerator. Photo March 2009

SCSS/XFEL
StatusLaboratory Review
April,
2010
January
19, 2010

12

Tsumoru Shintake
shintake@spring8.or.jp

May 2010

SCSS/XFEL
StatusLaboratory Review
April,
2010
January
19, 2010

13

Tsumoru Shintake
shintake@spring8.or.jp

Beam Monitor Devices

By Y. Otake team.
Cavity BPMs
0.2 Pm resolution was
confirmed with beam

OTR Radiator

SCSS/XFEL
StatusLaboratory Review
April,
2010
January
19, 2010

40

Tsumoru Shintake
shintake@spring8.or.jp

Undulator is readyfor mass production.

T. Shintake@ SCSS & XFEL/SPring-8 2009

Undulator is ready for mass production

Undulator for XFEL/SPring-8

SCSS/XFEL
StatusLaboratory Review
April,
2010
January
19, 2010

41

Tsumoru Shintake
shintake@spring8.or.jp

Why we are constructing XFELs?

! Realize dream of laser at X-ray wavelength.
! Very high peak power 2 GW, high photon flux.
! Very short pulse length. < 100 fsec
! Widely tunable wavelength.

Peak Brilliance Evolution!

Peak brilliance will be enhanced byfactor of 1010 from 3rd generation SR
to XFEL.

!

1010 = 101 x 101 x 101 x 107= peak current by factor 10
x lowered emittance by 10
x energy spread lowered by 10
x interference effect 107 by microbunching formation.

XFEL Radiation Characteristics!

High Peak Power ~ GW
 high field non linear physics
 high flux photons for single shot diffraction imaging
single molecular structural analysis!

Short Pulse 10 ~ 100 fsec
 Time resolving experiment (Pump probe)
Chemical reaction!

Coherent Holography, Coherent Imaging

Why 1 Angstrom?
!

Photo-ionization becomes lower
as X-ray energy.

!

Around 1 A, 8 keV, photoionization becomes low enoughto see coherent scattering.

!

Spatial resolution becomes a
few Angstrom, which resolves
macromolecular crystal in
biology.
 Imaging, crystallographywater window (2.3-4.4nm light)
is also another candidate.
( a few micron-meter thick water)!

yWith its fast “shutter” speed
and super brightness, LCLS
could take pictures of animportant class of proteinsthat cannot be x-rayed anyother way.

Protein Molecule
Injection

LCLS Beam

Pixel
Detector 1

Pixel
Detector 2

Protein
Molecule
To Mass
Spectrometer

Operating with ultrafast pulses, LCLS will take images ofmolecules dropped into the x-ray beam. Scientists will
merge the series of diffraction patterns of the molecules
in many different positions. The resulting three-dimensional reconstruction will reveal the structures of pro
teins that cannot be crystallized and thus studied anyother way.

X-ray Diffraction Pattern

Coherentdiffractionimaging
Diffraction image
XFEL

Focusing
deviceReal image (atomic resolution)

SamplePhase retrieval by iterative algorithm
Target: Single molecule2Optical Microscope
.GPU
9JKVG

+OCIG

1DLGEV.KIJV
4GHNGEVKQP
4GHTCEVKQP

Lensless Diffraction Microscope&GVGEVQT 0WOGTKECN2TQEGUU
1DLGEV+PVGPUKV[FCVC%QJGTGPV
Phase retrive:TC[

9CXGHTQPV&KHHTCEVKQP+OCIGQPEQORWVGTGlass Bead (Single Lens) does Microsope

Iterative Phase Retrieval'NGEVTQPFGPUKV[#ORNKVWFG

2JCUG

HQTYCTF((6Ur
Supportconstraint

DCEMYCTF((6U r’'ZRGTKOGPVCN
Fienup, J.R. 1978. Reconstruction of an object from the modulus of its Fourier transform. Optics Letters, 3: 27-29&CVC

Demonstration
Experiments

DESY FLASH VUV FELChapman, H.N., A. Barty and M. Bogan et al. 2006. Femtosecond
diffractive imaging with a soft-X-ray free-electron laser, Nature Physics 2:
839-843

PHYSICAL REVIEW E 78, 041906 共2008兲

Possibility of single biomolecule imaging with coherent ampliﬁcationof weak scattering x-ray photons
Tsumoru Shintake
RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Harima Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
共Received 23 April 2008; revised manuscript received 21 August 2008; published 3 October 2008兲
The number of photons produced by coherent x-ray scattering from a single biomolecule is very small
because of its extremely small elastic-scattering cross section and low damage threshold. Even with a highx-ray ﬂux of 3 ⫻ 1012 photons per 100-nm-diameter spot and an ultrashort pulse of 10 fs driven by a future
x-ray free electron laser 共x-ray FEL兲, it has been predicted that only a few 100 photons will be produced fromthe scattering of a single lysozyme molecule. In observations of scattered x rays on a detector, the transfer ofenergy from wave to matter is accompanied by the quantization of the photon energy. Unfortunately, x rays
have a high photon energy of 12 keV at wavelengths of 1 Å, which is required for atomic resolution imaging.
Therefore, the number of photoionization events is small, which limits the resolution of imaging of a single
biomolecule.. In this paper, I propose a method: instead of directly observing the photons scattered from thesample, we amplify the scattered waves by superimposing an intense coherent reference pump wave on it andrecord the resulting interference pattern on a planar x-ray detector. Using a nanosized gold particle as areference pump wave source, we can collect 104 – 105 photons in single shot imaging where the signal from asingle biomolecule is ampliﬁed and recorded as two-dimensional diffraction intensity data. An iterative phaseretrieval technique can be used to recover the phase information and reconstruct the image of the single
biomolecule and the gold particle at the same time. In order to precisely reconstruct a faint image of the single
biomolecule in Angstrom resolution, whose intensity is much lower than that of the bright gold particle, I
propose a technique that combines iterative phase retrieval on the reference pump wave and the digital Fouriertransform holography on the sample. By using a large number of holography data, the three-dimensional
electron density map can be assembled.
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.78.041906

PACS number共s兲: 87.85.Ng, 42.30.Rx, 07.85.Tt, 42.40.Ht

T.Shintake 2009.Feb

Physical Origin of Difficulty• In observations of scattered X-rays on a detector, thetransfer of energy from wave to matter is accompaniedby the quantization of the photon energy. Unfortunately,
X-rays have a considerably high photon energy of 12
keV at wavelengths of 1 Å, which is required for atomic
resolution imaging.
• Therefore, the number of photoionization events is
considerably less, which limits the resolution of theimaging of a single biomolecule.

y

y (p

p

g),

q

Figure 2 Explosion of T4 lysozyme (white, H; grey, C; blue, N; red, O; yellow, S) induced byradiation damage. The integrated X-ray intensity was 3 ´ 1012 (12 keV) photons per 100nm diameter spot (3.8 ´ 106 photons per AÊ2) in all cases. a, A protein exposed to an X-ray
pulse with an FWHM of 2 fs, and disintegration followed in time. Atomic positions in the®rst two structures (before and after the pulse) are practically identical at this pulse length
NATURE | VOL 406 | 17 AUGUST 2000 | www.nature.com

because of an inertial delay in the explosion. Rnucl = 3%, Relec = 11% b, Lysozyme exposedto the same number of photons as in a, but the FWHM of the pulse was 10 fs. Images show
the structure at the beginning, in the middle and near the end of the X-ray pulse. Rnucl =7%, Relec = 12% c, Behaviour of the protein during an X-ray pulse with an FWHM of 50 fs.
Rnucl = 26%, Relec = 30%.

© 2000 Macmillan Magazines Ltd

753

Figure 3 Elastic scattering from a variety of samples. a±c, Simulated diffraction images
on a 128 ´ 128 pixel planar detector (100 mm ´ 100 mm) normal to and centred at thebeam, and placed 100 mm from the sample. The background was not modelled, and100% detective quantum ef®ciency was assumed. The integrated X-ray intensity was
3 ´ 1012 (12 keV) photons per 100-nm diameter spot (3.8 ´ 106 photons per AÊ2); thepulse length was 10 fs. The resolution is 2.2 AÊ at the rim in a±c. cpp, counts per pixel.
a, Scattering from a single tomato bushy stunt virus capsid. b, Scattering from a5 ´ 5 ´ 5 cluster of lysozyme molecules with an average r.m.s. conformational deviation754

of 0.2 AÊ to model an imperfect lattice. c, Scattering from a single molecule of lysozyme. d,A planar section through the molecular transform (that is, a simulated continuous
scattering image) of a single T4 lysozyme molecule under ideal conditions without sample
movement or damage. Resolution at the rim of d corresponds to 2.0 AÊ. Structure factor
amplitudes are coloured logarithmically (magenta, high; green, low). The section isperpendicular to the z axis, and crosses through the origin at the centre of the image,revealing centric symmetry.

© 2000 Macmillan Magazines Ltd

NATURE | VOL 406 | 17 AUGUST 2000 | www.nature.com

Single Biomolecule Imaging with XFEL(Heterodyne Detection + Holographic Recording)“Weak diffraction from biomolcule is amplified by 10 ~ 50 times (Heterodyne)on the coherent reference wave from nano-particle, providing
100~1000 times more photons”
T. Shintake, PR-E 78, 041906 (2008)

X-ray FEL Beam

Single Biomolecule
Nano Particle of Heavy Atoms
as Coherent Reference Wave Source

Heterodyne
Amplification
Holographic
RecordingX-ray Heterodyne Detection

T. Shintake 2003

• X-ray heterodyne detection
using reference X-ray P1 on the small signal P2Pr

P1 r P2

2

P1 r 2 PP
1 2  P2

P1 1 r 2 P1 / P2  P1 / P2
 P1 1 r 2 P1 / P2

• Even if P2 is 10-6 times smaller, the signal isamplified to 10-3 level. This is +30 dB amplification.
T. Shintake CAS School Brunnen 2-9 July 2003

T.Shintake 2009.Feb

Does noise increase or decrease?
• S/N due to the electrical noise in detector
instrument can be easily improved as the signal
growing.
• Question is the statistical noise associated withquantization of energy in photo-ionization
process in CCD or film detector.
• Since amplitude of the interference patternincrease as v I , and statistical noise also
increases as v I , thus S/N becomes constant,and looks like not been improved.

S / N |holography S / N |direct

ND Filter X1/200PHYSICAL REVIEW E 78, 041906 共2008兲

TSUMORU SHINTAKEGold Particle

X-ray

where ⌬␾ij = ␾ j − ␾i is the phase difference given by

Lysozyme, 14.4 kD1000 C, N, O atoms

1000 atoms⌬␾ij = ␾ j − ␾i =

Link

5

0
Four-Slit Thought Experiment(1) (2)
I = 200

10

10

(nm)

(3)

(4)

1

0.1

15

FIG. 4. 共Color online兲 Conceptual diagram of a single lysozyme
molecule linked to a gold particle 共diameter of atoms is not drawn
to scale兲. The gold particle produces 200 times more coherent x-ray
scattering than the single lysozyme molecule. The bar at the bottomof the ﬁgure represents a four-slit thought experiment.

Fourier transform holography uses spherical waves as reference waves to record the phase of an object wave. The
intensity of the reference wave is chosen such that it is comparable to that of the object wave to obtain the best contrast.
To obtain better image quality, the size of the reference wave
source should be considerably smaller than the object. The
image-recovery process in Fourier transform holography is
i l b i ll
i
F i
f
f
d

2␲dij
sin共2␪兲.
␭共8兲

Here, Ii represents the ﬂux from the ith slit, 2␪ is the scattering angle 共as deﬁned in crystallography兲, and dij is the
distance between the i and jth slits. The slit locations andﬂux ratio suitable for our example case shown in Fig. 4 are
as follows: d12 = 1.5 nm, d23 = 8.5 nm, d34 = 2 nm, I1 = 200,
I2 = 10, I3 = 1, I4 = 0.1, and ␭ = 1 Å. Figure 5共a兲 shows the ﬂux
density distribution estimated using Eq. 共7兲. The distribution
is considerably complicated because the fringes are formedby the interference of four waves.
In Fig. 5共c兲, the curve at the bottom indicates the scatteredwave from the biomolecule when it is directly observed
without using the reference pump wave. It is a very weaksignal with a relative intensity of approximately 1. In practice, the signal is quantized by the photon energy, leading toa loss of detailed information. The dashed curve 共magniﬁed
10 times兲 also shows an interference pattern, which represents the internal structure of the biomolecule; our aim is to
study this pattern. By superposition of the reference pumpwave, the signal wave is ampliﬁed, and the resulting interference pattern is recorded. In order to demonstrate the ampliﬁcation effect clearly, the reference pump wave is assumed to be perfect with ␺2 = 0. In Fig. 5共c兲, the curve at the
top shows the ampliﬁed signal, which is recorded by theShintake, Summer 2008

Who is Shintake?

@ SCSS tunnel
Test Accelerator for XFEL•

Date of Birth 1955, Miyazaki, Kyushu Japan•

1992~1996 FFTB – SLAC “Spot Size Monitor”(Shintake Monitor) 60 nm e with 1 Pm wave•

1996~2000 “C-band R&D” for LC at KEK 5 cm
wave.

•

2000~2006 SCSS R&D Leader e- beam•

2006 First Lasing at SCSS Prototype
Accelerator 49 nm wave•

2006~ Now constructing 8 GeV XFEL/SPring-8
for 0..1 nmm wave

Shintake, Summer 2008

KYUSHUShintake, Summer 2008

MIYAZAKIShintake, Summer 2008

Shintake, Summer 2008

Shintake, Summer 2008

Shintake, Summer 2008

Shintake, Summer 2008

Design accelerator as creating images like art

Shintake, Summer 2008

Klystron Modulator for
C-band, S-band 50 MW Klystrons

Compact Modulator for 50 MW Klystrons
•
•
•
•
•

Output Power 50 MW RF x 60 pps
50 kV PFN, 1:16 Trans, 350 kV klystron.
Compact 1 m x 1 m x 1.5 m,
Very low noise(<10 Vpp on 200 V heater line)
Water cooled. Max surface temp 45 deg.

Summary•

So many different efforts are coherently contributing to theproject. They are almost on the time schedule.

••

Building construction has been completed.
Accelerator component installation has been started.
~ 1 year installation.

••

October 2010, We start high power operation of accelerator.
Spring 2011, we start beam commissioning.