September 22, 2008

The 11th Follow-up Survey of JPA’s Committed Action Plan on Environment

The Japan Paper Association (JPA) conducted the fiscal 2008 follow-up survey on the progress of
JPA’s Committed Action Plan on the Environment in July 2008.
1.

Targets of the Committed Action Plan

・ On a five-year average basis from fiscal 2008 to fiscal 2012, to reduce fossil energy
consumption per unit and fossil energy-derived CO2 emission per unit by 20% and 16%,
respectively, from the level of fiscal 1990.
・ By fiscal 2012, to expand forest plantation areas owned or managed by the industry at home
and abroad to 700 thousand hectares.
2. Survey item
Surveyed companies: 41 pulp and paper companies
Survey responses: 35 companies (105 mills and plants*)*Total paper and paperboard production of these 105 mills and plants in fiscal 2007 accounts for
99.5% of the total production of surveyed companies and represents 89.8% of the total productionin Japan.
Surveyed years: from fiscal 1990 to fiscal 2007**Each fiscal year covers the period from April 1 to March 31 of the following calendar year.
Surveyed items:
・ Consumption of fuel and purchased electricity by mill (including consumption for purposes
other than pulp and paper production (Fuel consumption for electric generation of electric
power sales is deducted.))
・
・
・
・
・
・

Pulp and paper production by millCause of the increase or decrease in fossil energy consumption per unit in fiscal 2007
Investment for energy saving and fuel conversion in fiscal 2007
Future measures and plans for energy saving and fuel conversion
Survey on the consumer and transportation sectors
Progress of forest plantation

3.

Results

3.1 Progress of the Committed Action Plan
In fiscal 2007, the industry advanced energy saving and energy conversion from fossil energy torenewable energy and waste energy. As a result, fossil energy consumption per unit (fiscal 1990 as100) in fiscal 2007 decreased by 1.6 points from fiscal 2006 to 79.4 (Figure 1), achieving the newtarget set last year.

Figure 1. Changes in fossil energy consumption per unit and fossil energy-derived CO2 emission per unit

(FY 1990 as 100)
102.0
100.0
98.0
96.0
94.0
92.0
90.0
88.0
86.0
84.0
82.0
80.0
78.0
76.0
FY 2007

Gross energy consumption per unit

FY 2006

FY 2005

FY 2004

FY 2003

FY 2002

FY 2001

FY 2000

FY 1999

FY 1998

FY 1997

FY 1996

FY 1995

FY 1994

FY 1993

FY 1992

FY 1991

FY 1990

Fossil energy derived CO2 emission per unit

Year

Fossil energy consumption per unit

In addition, fossil energy-derived CO2 emission (fiscal 1990 as 100) decreased by 1.4 points fromthe previous year to 82.5, achieving the target of a 10% reduction from the 1990 level.
Figures 2, 3, and 4 show fossil energy consumption per unit by fuel, consumption per unit byenergy type and the breakdown of gross energy consumption per unit by energy type, respectively.

Figure 2. Changes in fossil energy consumption per unit by fuel(MJ/t)
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
-500
-1,000-1,500-2,000-2,500-3,000-3,500-4,000Fossil energy consumption per unit by fuel(unit: MJ/t)
FY 1990 FY 2007
Coal
3,148
4,483
Gas
143
1,304
Other
555
328
Purchased electricity
3,036
2,127
Heavy oil
7,488
3,165
Fossil energy
14,36911,407-4,500

Heavy oil

FY 2007

FY 2006

Fossil energy

FY 2005

FY 2004

FY 2003

FY 2002

Purchased electricity

FY 2001

FY 2000

FY 1999

FY 1998

Other

FY 1997

FY 1996

Gas

FY 1995

FY 1994

FY 1993

FY 1992

FY 1991

FY 1990

Coal(Year)

Figure 3. Changes in energy consumption per unit by energy type
(MJ/t)
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
-500
-1,000-1,500

Energy consumption per unit by energy type
(unit: MJ/t)
FY 1990 FY 2007
Waste energy
62
1,680
Renewable energy
7,529
8,214
Fossil energy
14,36911,407
21,90821,301Gross energy-2,000-2,500-3,000-3,500-4,000FY 2007

FY 2006

Fossil energy

FY 2005

FY 2004

FY 2003

FY 2002

FY 2001

Renewable energy

FY 2000

FY 1999

FY 1998

FY 1997

FY 1996

FY 1995

FY 1994

FY 1993

FY 1992

FY 1991

FY 1990

Waste energy(Year)

Gross energy

Figure 4. Breakdown of gross energy consumption per unit by energy type
FY 1990Wastetire, RPF,
FossilWaste
energy
wood,
Waste
tire,
etc.
0%
Heavy
oil sludge,
paper
RPF,
0% etc.

0%etc. 0%
0%

Gas
0%
Waste

Heavy oil
34.1%

Black liquor
Renewableenergy
31.4%
0.3%

energy34.3%

FY 2007

Purchased
electricity andnewable energy
other
0%
0%

Waste energy
Waste
wood,
0.0%
paper sludge, etc.
2.9%Fossilenergy65.4%

Waste tires, RPF,
etc.
7.9%

Waste wood,
Waste paperenergysludge, etc.
0%
6.4%

Coal
0%
Heavy oil0%

Waste tires,
RPF, etc.
0%

Heavy oil
14.9%

Waste
energy7.9%
Renewable
Fossil energy Coalenergy21.0%
53.6%
Black liquor38.5%
32.1%

Coal
0%
Gas
Purchased
0%
Renewable energy
electricity

Purchased
electricity and
Gas
other
0.6%
16.4%

Coal
14.3%

Black liquor
0%Black liquor Fossil energy
0%
0%

Gas
Purchased
6.1%
electricity and
other
11.5%

Waste wood,
paper sludge,
etc.
0%Table 1 shows changes in paper and paperboard production, fossil energy consumption and fossil
energy-derived CO2 emission.

FY 1990
FY 2000
FY 2001
FY 2002
FY 2003
FY 2004
FY 2005
FY 2006
FY 2007

Table 1. Changes in paper and paperboard production, fossil energy consumption,and fossil energy-derived CO2 emission
Fossil energy-derived CO2 emission
Fossil energy consumption
Paper and paperboard
Emission per unit
Emission
Consumption
Consumption per unit
1
production* (thousand tons)(MJ/t)(t-CO2/t)(thousand tons)(TJ)
25,564367,328
14,36925,505
0.998
2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Index*
28,409380,575
13,39627,292
0.961
Index
111.1
103.6
93.2
107.0
96.3
26,662362,811
13,60826,270
0.985
Index
104.3
98.8
94.7
103.0
98.8
27,506
365,063
13,272
26,497
0.963
Index
107.6
99.4
92.4
103.9
96.6
27,287360,313
13,204
26,398
0.967
Index
106.7
98.1
91.9
103.5
97.0
27,504352,923
12,83225,873
0.941
Index
107.6
96.1
89.3
101.4
94.3
27,834339,447
12,196
24,712
0.888
Index
108.9
92.4
84.9
96.9
89.0
27,802
323,399
11,632
23,260
0.837
Index
108.8
88.0
81.0
91.2
83.9
28,203321,704
11,40723,223
0.823
Index
110.3
87.6
79.4
91.1
82.5

Five-year average fromFY 2008 to FY2012(Target)29,305(Index)
114.6
less than 84.0
less than 84.0
Notes:*1: Total production of JPA's member companies. The total production of the Japanese paper industry is forecasted
to be 33,000 thousand tons in FY 2010.
*2: FY 1990 as 100

3.2 Factors causing increase or decrease in fossil energy-derived CO2 emission
Fossil energy-derived CO2 emissions in fiscal 2007 decreased by 2,282 thousand tons or 8.4%
compared with those in fiscal 1990. It is the third consecutive year that the emissions havefinished below the level of fiscal 1990 (Table 2).
Looking at the contributions to the decrease, the industry’s efforts resulted in a 5,161-thousand-ton(or 20.2%) reduction from fiscal 1990, while increase in pulp and paper production and adeterioration in the CO2 emission factor in the power industry caused a 2,633-thousand-ton (or8.9%) and 247-thousand-ton increase, respectively, from fiscal 1990.
Table 2. Fossil energy-derived CO2 emissions in fiscal 2007
(Unit: thousand tons, %)*1 Removal of power factor's effects *2 Removal of the influence of stopof operation of nuclear power plants

CO2 emissions Percentage change CO2 emissions Percentage change CO2 emissions Percentage change
from FY 1990

Fossil energy-derived CO2 emissions in FY 1990
Fossil energy-derived CO2 emissions in FY 2007
Amount of change(Contribution) Industry's efforts

25,505from FY 1990

23,223from FY 1990

25,50525,50522,97622,487▲ 2,282▲ 8.9▲ 2,529▲ 9.9▲ 3,018▲ 11.8▲ 5,161▲ 20.2▲ 5,161▲ 16.8▲ 5,161▲ 20.2

Power industry

247

1.0

-

-

▲ 489

▲ 1.9

Paper manufacturing

2,633

10.3

2,633

10.3

2,633

10.3

*1: In the case of removing the effects of the CO2 emission factor of electricity which varies by year, and using the CO2 emission factor in fiscal 1990 (1.011),
fossil energy-derived CO2 emissions in fiscal 2007 would decrease by 2,529 thousand ton-CO2 from the level of fiscal 1990.
*2: If nuclear power plants did not stop operation and operate at a comparable level to fiscal 2000 in fiscal 2007, fossil energy-derived CO2 emissions
in fiscal 2007 would decrease by 3,018 thousand tons-CO2 compared to the level of fiscal 1990 (CO2 emission factor in fiscal 2000: 0.914).

3.3 Factors in the increase or decrease in fossil energy consumption per unit in fiscal 2007
According to the results of a questionnaire survey on fossil energy consumption per unit
(respondents: 32 companies - 100 mills and plants), 55% of respondents improved fossil energy
consumption per unit (Table 3).

Table 3. Change in fossil energy consumption per unit over previous year
FY 2007

FY 2006

FY 2005

No. ofmills/plants(%)

No. ofmills/plants(%)

No. ofmills/plants

(%)

55
33
12

55
33
12

65
25
14

62
24
14

62
25
12

63
25
12

Improved
Deteriorated
Unchanged**: Less than 1% improvement or deterioration in fossil energy consumption per unit

over the previous year

Contributions to improvement or deterioration in fossil enconsumption per unit
Improvement
FactorIncrease in pulp and paper production
Start-up high-efficiency equipment
Increase in the use of renewable energy andwaste energy
Restructuring of the manufacturing process
Strengthening management
Other

No. ofcompanies
16
13

No. ofmills/plants
31
22

11

19

12
14
0

16
18
0

No. ofcompanies
162

No. ofmills/plants
21
2

9

13

1

2

2
1

2
1

Deterioration
FactorDecrease in pulp and paper production
Operations of low-efficiency or old equipment
Increase in fossil energy consumption(e.g., use for night power generation)
Start-up of quality- or environment-improving
equipment
Increase in small-lot production
Other

Although the factors are complicated, meaning some mills have both improvements anddeteriorations, the percentage of mills that improved energy consumption per unit from theprevious year decreased compared to the last two years.
Factors in improvement in energy consumption per unit range broadly from production increase toenhancement of production management. On the other hand, production curtailment is the mostsignificant factor among those in deterioration in the consumption per unit. This means that,although companies have made various efforts, increase or decrease in production has a great
impact on energy consumption per unit.
3.4 Investment in energy saving and fuel conversion in fiscal 2007
1) Energy saving
For investment in energy-saving, JPA surveyed in two categories—annually made general-purpose
investment (less than 200 million yen per project), and large-scale investment made with along-term perspective (more than 200 million yen per project). Table 4 shows the survey results.

Table 4. Investment in energy saving made in fiscal 2007
Respondents
No. ofcompanies

No. of
mills

24

81

Investment

No. ofcompanies

No. ofmills

No. ofprojects

Investment
amount(million yen)

Energy-saving effect(TJ/year)

CO2 emissions
reduction effect(kt-CO2/year)

GI*1
LI*2
Total

23
6
24

80
11
81

736
16
752

5,871
25,572
31,443

3,170
2,660
5,830

207
168
375

*1: General-purpose investment*2: Large-scale investment

Investment amount, energy-saving effect and CO2 emissions reduction effect per project
Investment amount per project
More than 1 billion yen
100 million yen – (1 billion yen)
10 million yen – (100 million yen)
Average (million yen)

CO2 emissions reduction effect per project

Energy-saving effect per project
No.
3
25
162
41.8

No.
7
89
268
7.8

More than 100 TJ/year
10TJ/year – (100 TJ/year)
1 TJ/year – (10 TJ/year)
Average (TJ/year)

More than 100kt/year
10kt/year – （100kｔ/year）
1kt/year – （10kｔ/year）
Average (kt/year)

No.
0
5
57
0.4

Table 5 shows investment by purpose and sector in fiscal 2007.
Table 5. Investment by purpose and sector in fiscal 2007
General-purpose investment
PurposeInvestment amount

Large-scale investment

Energy-saving effectInvestment amount

Energy-saving effect(million yen) Composition （TJ/year） Composition (million yen) Composition （TJ/year） Composition
Introduction in high-efficiency equipment

2,678

45.6%

927

29.2%

20,753

81.2%

1,591

Improvement of the manufacturing process

1,414

24.1%

913

28.8%

553

2.2%

182

6.8%

400

6.8%

299

9.4%

1,764

6.9%

515

19.4%

Waste heat recovery

59.8%

Improvement in thermal efficiency

566

9.6%

345

10.9%

1,340

5.2%

122

4.6%

Enhancement of production management

209

3.6%

281

8.9%

0

0.0%

0

0.0%

Other

604

10.3%

406

12.8%

1,162

4.5%

251

9.4%

5,871

100.0%

3,171

100.0%

25,572100.0%

2,661

100.0%

Total

General-purpose investment
SectorInvestment amount

Large-scale investment

Energy-saving effectInvestment amount

Energy-saving effect(million yen) Composition （TJ/year） Composition (million yen) Composition （TJ/year） Composition
Pulp manufacturing

1,426

24.3%

790

24.9%

1,863

7.3%

406

15.3%

Paper manufacturing

2,566

43.7%

1,253

39.5%

6,062

23.7%

293

11.0%

Power (steam & electricity)

1,133

19.3%

645

20.3%

16,789

65.7%

1,672

62.8%

Other
Total

746

12.7%

483

15.2%

858

3.4%

290

10.9%

5,871

100.0%

3,171

100.0%

25,572100.0%

2,661

100.0%

Investment in fiscal 2007 significantly increased from the previous year, because some large-scale
investments were made in the power sector (15 billion yen) and paper-manufacturing sector (5.7billion yen), except where total invested amount in fiscal 2007 is 10,743 million yen.
Investment amount and energy-saving effect by sector is shown in Table 6.
Table 6. Investment and energy-saving effect by sector
Year(No. of respondent companies)

FY 1997 FY 1998 FY 1999 FY 2000 FY 2001 FY 2002 FY 2003 FY 2004 FY 2005 FY 2006 FY 2007
(39)
(32)
(39)
(29)
(27)
(22)
(22)
(25)
(25)
(25)
(24)
Pulp
①Investment（million yen）
7,051 5,985 11,492 8,011 3,737 2,542 2,198 3,359 2,760 3,009
3,289(TJ/year)501
705 1,502 1,783 1,207 4,033 1,035 2,158 1,883 1,896
1,196
manufacturing ②Energy-saving effect①/②
8,489 7,651 4,493 3,096
630 2,124 1,557 1,466 1,587
2,750(thousand yen/TJ) 14,074
Paper①Investment（million yen）
5,929 6,290 1,535 7,372 8,593 1,942 2,600 4,301 2,450 2,998
8,628(TJ/year)408
723 1,613 1,393 1,899 1,779
777 1,237 1,355 1,523
1,546
manufacturing ②Energy-saving effect①/②(thousand yen/TJ) 14,532
8,700
952 5,292 4,525 1,092 3,346 3,477 1,808 1,969
5,581①Investment（million yen） 26,299 20,011
5,325 6,032 2,324 2,537 5,116 16,300 2,726 2,524 17,922
Power(TJ/year)
4,931 3,188 1,472 2,342 1,202 1,017 5,631 2,430 1,410 1,380
2,317(steam, electricity) ②Energy-saving effect①/②(thousand yen/TJ) 5,333
6,277 3,618 2,576 1,933 2,495
909 6,708 1,933 1,828
7,735
Other
①Investment（million yen）
2,506 3,458 1,142 1,626 2,272 1,172
405
946
452
632
1,604
②Energy-saving effect(TJ/year)
2,778 3,386
852 1,157 1,909
526
486
449
597
713
773
①/②
(thousand yen/TJ)
902 1,021 1,340 1,405 1,190 2,228
833 2,107
757
886
2,075
Total
①Investment（million yen） 41,785 35,744 19,494 23,041 16,926
8,193 10,319 24,906 8,388 9,163 31,443②Energy-saving effect(TJ/year)
8,618 8,002 5,439 6,675 6,217 7,355 7,929 6,274 5,245 5,513
5,832
①/②
(thousand yen/TJ) 4,849
4,467 3,584 3,452 2,723 1,114 1,301 3,970 1,599 1,662
5,391③Rate of reduction from FY 1990* (%)
2.36
2.18
1.48
1.82
1.69
2.00
2.16
1.71
1.43
1.50
1.59
*: Rate of reduction of fossil energy consumption from that in fiscal 1990 (367,328 TJ)

2)Investment in fuel conversion

JPA surveyed investment in fuel conversion aimed to reduce fossil energy consumption and CO2
emissions (Table 7).

Table 7. Investment in energy conversion made in fiscal 2007
Respondents
No. ofcompanies

No. of
mills

12

16

Investment

No. ofcompanies

No. ofmills

No. ofprojects

Investment
amount(million yen)

Energy-saving effect(TJ/year)

CO2 emissions
reduction effect(kt-CO2/year)

GI*1
LI*2
Total

7
6
12

9
8
16

9
8
17

483
28,144
28,627

1,008
7,819
8,827

73
481
554

*1: General-purpose investment*2: Large-scale investment

Investment amount, energy-saving effect and CO2 emissions reduction effect per project
Investment amount per project
No.
More than 1 billion yen
3
100 million yen – (1 billion yen)
7
10 million yen – (100 million yen)
6
Average (million yen)
1,684

Energy-saving effect per project
More than 100 TJ/year
10TJ/year – (100 TJ/year)
1 TJ/year – (10 TJ/year)
Average (TJ/year)

No.
10
3
3
519

CO2 emissions reduction effect per project

More than 100kt/year
10kt/year – （100kｔ/year）
1kt/year – （10kｔ/year）
Average (kt/year)

No.
2
6
5
33

Table 8 shows changes in investment in fuel conversion.
Table 8. Changes in investment in fuel conversion

Investment amount (million yen)
Fossil energy consumption reduction(TJ/year)
Fossil energy-derived CO2 emission
reduction (thousand tons/year)

4

FY

FY

FY

FY

FY

FY

FY

FY

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

24

0

6,650

7,826

18,412

17,714

34,972

28,627

151

0

908

3,878

9,046

13,428

12,228

8,827

3

0

43

258

494

1,016

661

554

Provisional estimation of fossil energy consumption and CO2 emissions in fiscal 2010

4.1 Future investment plan
JPA surveyed each company’s future investment plans for energy-saving and fuel conversion until
fiscal 2012. Investment in energy saving is divided into two categories: annually madegeneral-purpose investments (investment amount: less than 200 million yen per project), andlarge-scale investments (more than 200 million yen per project with a long-term plan that isscheduled to finish by fiscal 2012).
According to the survey results, it is estimated that, for the five years from fiscal 2008 to fiscal
2012, general-purpose investment in energy saving will continue at a level equivalent to theaverage investment amounts from fiscal 2003 to fiscal 2007 (Table 9), resulting in a reduction offossil energy consumption of 22,800 TJ.
Table 9. General-purpose investments in energy saving
Five-year ave. fromFY 2003

FY 2004

FY 2005

FY 2006

FY 2007

Investment amount(million yen)

5,217

5,715

5,754

6,248

5,871

5,761

Reduction of energy
consumption (TJ)

7,106

4,158

4,910

3,455

3,171

4,560

FY 2008 to 2012

It is expected that investments of 163 billion yen will be carried out by fiscal 2012 and fossil
energy consumption will be reduced by 64,462 TJ/year from the level of fiscal 2007 in fiscal 2012
(Table 10).
Table 10. Investment plan (total amount from fiscal 2008 to fiscal 2012)
Planned amount ofinvestment (million yen)

Fossil energy reduction(TJ)

Investment for energy saving
General-purpose investment
Large-scale investment
Investment for energy conversion

28,80527,177
107,085

22,8003,531
38,131

Total

163,067

64,462

Table 11 shows the projected consumption of renewable energy and waste energy in fiscal 2012.
Table 11. Consumption of renewable energy and waste energy in fiscal 2012 based on planned
investment for fuel conversion
Consumption in FY 2007

Increment for the period

Consumption in FY 2012(actual)FY 2008-FY 2012

(projected)(BDt/year)(TJ/year)(BDt/year)(TJ/year)(BDt/year)(TJ/year)

Waste wood, bark1,283,467

20,921646,688

8,701

1,930,155

29,621

Paper sludge, waste
paper

1,547,159

16,57537,700424

1,584,859

16,999RDF, RPF

757,079

19,311

160,778

4,128

917,857

23,439Waste plastic

74,4932,122

80,1392,452

154,632

4,574

Waste tires

395,439

13,03542,0001,389

437,439

14,424

1

Waste oil*

93,325

3,752

0

0

93,325

3,752

2

258

5

1,541

32

1,970

41

Methane*Note:
1. The unit for waste oil is the kiloliter.
2. The unit for methane is a thousand Nm3.

4.2 Provisional estimation of five-year average fossil energy consumption and CO2 emissions forthe period from fiscal 2008 to fiscal 2012
JPA estimated the five-year average fossil energy consumption and CO2 emissions for the period
from fiscal 2008 to fiscal 2012 based on a future investment plan and fuel conversion program,taking into account the increase in energy consumption caused by annually taken environmental
measures, quality measures and rationalization efforts, as well as factoring in the procurement rateof fuel and the effects of a total of four new paper machines that have started or will start
operation during fiscal 2007 and 2008. The effects of new paper machines include the increase inpaper and paperboard production in fiscal 2010 of 800 thousand tons to 29,300 thousand tons fromthe original estimation, which was 28,500 thousand tons, and some deterioration in energy
consumption per unit in the early stage of operation of the machines.
According to the estimation, the five-year average index of fossil energy consumption per unit for
2008-2012 is expected to be 78.5, meeting the 80.0 target. Also, the index of CO2 emission perunit is 83.1, achieving the 84.0 target. Moreover, fossil energy consumption and CO2 emissions
will decrease by 10.0% and 4.7%, respectively from the level of fiscal 1990, while paper andpaperboard production will increase by approximately 14% (Table 12).
However, there are uncertainties such as reduced investment and a decline in the operating rate ofpaper machines both caused by future economic decline, a decline in the procurement rate of fueldue to a limitation of available fuel, and incineration ash disposal problems related to fuelconversion.

Table 12. Provisional estimation of average fossil energy consumption and CO2 emissions
for the period from FY 2008 to FY 2012
Fossil energy-derived CO2 emission

Fossil energy consumption
Paper and Paperboard
Production (thousand tons)

FY 1990
Index*1
FY 2006
Index

Five-year average fromFY 2008 through FY2012 (target)
Five-year average fromFY 2008 through FY2012 (estimate)*2

Index

Emission per unit
(t-CO2/t)

Consumption(TJ)

Consumption per unit
(MJ/t)

Emission(thousand tons)

25,564367,328

14,36925,505

0.998

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

28,203321,704

11,40723,223

0.823

110.3

87.6

79.4

91.1

82.5

less than 80.0

less than 84.0

29,305

330,559

11,282

24,301

0.829

114.6

90.0

78.5

95.3

83.9

Note:
1: FY 1990 as 100.0
2: For the CO2 emission factor of electricity, this estimation uses the four-year average from FY 2003 through FY 2006
(1.044 t-CO2/ten thousand kwh).

5.

International Comparison

Table 13 shows an international comparison of final energy consumption per unit in the paper andpaperboard-manufacturing process. Japan is the lowest of the countries in which paper and paper
production and pulp production are balanced (Japan, U.S., Finland, Norway and France), or pulp
production exceeds paper and paperboard production (Brazil and Chile). Germany’s low final
energy consumption is attributed to the fact that the country depends on imports for pulp, causing
less energy consumption in the pulp manufacturing process.
Table 13. Comparison of final energy consumption per unit between major countries.
Final energy consumption
per unit (GJ/T)
Index (Japan as 100)

Japan

U.S.

Finland

NorwayFranceGermany

Brazil

Chile

12.1

27.1

20.3

21.1

15.4

10.3

39.5

36.2

100

224

168

174

127

85

326

299

Source: The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan, Report on Study on Technological Strategies in
Manufacturing Industrie. 2008

6.

Energy consumption of the civilian and transportation sector

6.1 Civilian sector (indirect departments)
From the ninth follow-up survey in 2006, JPA has conducted a full-scale survey on energy
consumption and CO2 emissions among head offices, branch offices, research stations, andwarehouses.
According to the survey results, both energy consumption and CO2 emissions in indirect
departments are approximately or less than 0.15% of those in the manufacturing process (Table

14). Energy consumption and CO2 emissions in indirect departments (e.g. offices and warehouses)
in mills are included with those of the mills.
Table 14. Energy consumption and CO2 emissions in indirect departments
FY 2006
Gross floor area
(thousand m2)

Energy consumption
TJ

FY 2007
CO2 emissions

MJ/m2

kt-CO2Gross floor area
2
kg-CO2/m2 (thousand m )CO2 emissions

Energy consumption
TJ

MJ/m2

kt-CO2kg-CO2/m2

Head office, branch office

109

161

1,474

7

67

108

161

1,486

8

73

Research station

68

245

3,602

10

152

68

222

3,271

10

141

Warehouse

440

105

238

7

15

417

81

195

4

10

Total

617

510
323,399827

24
23,260

39

593

465
321,704784

21
23,223(Ref.)

Manufacturing process

-

-

-

-

-

36
-

6.2 Transportation sector
JPA’s transportation committee conducted an actual condition survey on the transportation sector
in the pulp and paper industry, in order to gain an understanding of the efforts to reduce theenvironmental burden in the transportation sector—mainly primary transportation of paper andpaperboard (from mill to market)―and collect basic data. A summary of the survey results is asfollows.
- Transportation volume, transportation ton-kilometers, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions
・ The subject of the survey was member companies of JPA’s transportation committee (13companies). The number of respondent companies was 13 companies.
・ Total transportation of paper and paperboard among respondent companies in fiscal 2007 was25,371 thousand tons. Shares by means of transportation are: truck - 61.8%, cargo vessel 25.2%, railway - 12.9%.
・ Shares of transportation system in terms of more than 500 km of transportation distance are:cargo vessel - 61.6%, railway - 19.8%, truck - 18.6%. The modal shift rate in the pulp andpaper industry is 81.4%, which far exceeds Japan’s average rate of 40%.
・ Transportation ton-kilometers in fiscal 2007 is 12,307.48 million ton-kilometers, and sharesby means of transportation are: cargo vessel - 49.3%, truck - 32.1%, railway - 18.6%. Averagetransportation distance per ton of product is 485 km (cargo vessel - 947 km, railway - 698 km,
truck - 252 km).
・ Energy consumption in the transportation of paper and paperboard is 9.4 million GJ (0.24
million kl in crude oil equivalent), which corresponds to approximately 3% of fossil energy
consumption in the manufacturing process at mills. CO2 emission is 625 thousand tons,
corresponding to approximately 3% of fossil energy-derived CO2 emissions in manufacturing
process at mills. CO2 emission per transportation ton-kilometer is 50.8 g.
Table 15 shows fossil energy consumption and CO2 emissions in transportation sector.

Table 15. Fossil energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the transportation sector
FY 2006

FY 2007

Transportation
volumethousand tons
Cargo vessel

6,018

Transportation tonTransportation
Transportation tonCO2 emissions
CO2 emissions
Energy consumption
Energy consumption
kilometervolumekilometer
million tonmillion ton%%
TJ
% thousand tons % thousand tons %%TJ% thousand tons %kilometer
kilometer
24.1
5,783 47.5
3,215 34.0
228 36.3
6,403 25.2
6,065 49.3
3,366 35.8
238 38.1

Railway

3,287

13.2

2,413

19.8

1,187

12.6

53

8.5

3,283

12.9

2,291

18.6

1,125

12.0

50

8.0

Truck

15,622

62.7

3,978

32.7

5,046

53.4

346

55.2

15,684

61.8

3,952

32.1

4,909

52.2

337

53.9

Total

24,928 100.0

12,174 100.0(Ref.)
Manufacturing process

9,488 100.0
323,399627 100.0

25,371 100.0

12,307 100.0

23,2609,400 100.0
321,704

625 100.0
23,223- Green transportation efforts
・ The surveyed companies have been making green transportation efforts such as centralizationof transportation departments, further promotion of modal shift, larger-sized truck and vessel
cargo, and strengthening of cooperation with other paper manufacturers, trading companies
and other industries for transportation of products and raw materials.
・ For truck transportation, surveyed companies made consigning contracts with 1,123
distribution companies in total, of which 426 companies have environment management
certification such as ISO14001.
・ For green transportation efforts, it is important to enhance cooperation with not only
distribution companies, but also other stakeholders such as customers and the government.

6.3 Other
1) Team minus 6% activity* and Cool Biz & Warm Biz activities
Each company has been promoting such activities mainly at its headquarter office. Activities
include the introduction of energy-saving office equipment, promotion of green purchasing andmodest cooling and heating temperatures. The number of companies that participated in eachactivity in fiscal 2007 is as follows.
Team minus 6% activity 8 companies
Cool Biz activity 23 companies
Warm Biz activity 13 companies* A national project initiated by the Japanese government to achieve a 6% reduction of greenhousegas emission from the level of 1990, Japan’s commitments under the Kyoto Protocol
In addition, each company has been promoting the following activities:
・ Members of JPA’s energy subcommittee started keeping a household eco-account bookthrough the consumption of electricity and gas at their individual homes for the period from
April 2007 to March 2008.
・ Education for employees and community, including:- Communications through in-house magazine- Active participation in tree-planting activities- Environmental learning to use its own forests- Promoting paper recycling- Implementation of a “No Car Day”

2) Environment management system
Of 101 mills and plants answering the survey, 98 mills and plants (97% of the total) have alreadyreceived ISO14001 certification. In addition, one mill has an environment management system
pursuant to ISO14001.
3)

Implementation of the Kyoto Mechanism

The action plan has a basic policy of meeting the target by capital investment, and implementationof the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is left to the policies of each company.
For CDM, some member companies have been making the following efforts:
・ One member company filed a new methodology and project design document for A/R(CDM-AR-PDD) with the CDM Executive Board to obtain the approval of CDM for its forest
plantation project in Madagascar, and gained approval in July 2007.
・ One member company has been conducting forest plantation in cooperation with othercompanies in New Zealand.
・ One member company has been researching the project with the prospect that it could beapplied to CDM.
・ One member company has participated in Japan’s voluntary emissions trading scheme
established by the Ministry of the Environment.
・ One member company has been supporting the promotion of tree thinning, in conjunction
with one nonprofit organization and the local government, in order to improve carbon
sequestration through better forest management

7. Progress of forest plantation(1) Forest plantation area
For the forest plantation area, JPA set the following target in their action plan: “By fiscal 2012,
expand the industry’s forest plantation at home and abroad to 700 thousand hectares.”
The industry has been expanding its forest plantation smoothly. The industry’s forest plantation
area at home and abroad is 608 thousand hectares at the end of fiscal 2007, showing a
330-thousand-hectare increase from fiscal 1990 and meeting 87% of the target (Table 16).
Forest plantation areas overseas are 458 thousand hectares at the end of fiscal 2007, a
329-thousand-hectares increase from fiscal 1990. The industry has been practicing forest
plantation in eight countries―Brazil, Australia, Chile, New Zealand, Vietnam, South Africa,
China and Laos.

Table 16. Changes in forest plantation area

（thousand hectares）

FY

FY

FY

FY

FY

FY

FY

FY

FY

FY 2012

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

(target)Domestic

146

128

125

121

139

151

150

150

150

-

Overseas

129

278

301

342

353

355

387

455

458

-

Total

275

406

426

463

492

506

537

605

608

700

39

58

61

66

70

72

77

86

87

-

Attainment levelof target (%)(2) Cooperation with government and academia
・ Two member companies joined the CO2 fixation technology development program, thefive-year program that started in fiscal 2003 led by the Plant Physiology Research Group of
the Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE) which is subsidized by
the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI). The two companies had been working
on the development of a technology that promotes large-scale CO2 fixation through forest
plantation using genetically modified trees, and they started implanting eucalyptus and poplar
for plantation with effective genes that have high functions like photosynthetic performanceand environment stress tolerance by fiscal 2007, the final year of the program.
・ One member company has developed mass propagation technology for useful Pinaceae trees
in conjunction with the Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE). The
technology is expected to be applied to the restoration of forest areas suffering pine wilt
disease and to the plantation of fast-growing pine trees in degraded land areas such as dry land
areas and barren land areas.
・ One member company has developed a tree growth-measuring system using satellite images
in conjunction with Institute of Industrial Science of the University of Tokyo (IIS) andKokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd. They have been conducting a practical trial of the system, which is arelatively inexpensive and easy-to-use system using general satellite images and existing
management data on forest plantations. The system is planned to be applied to the calculation
system of CO2 sequestration in the future.