h t t .I Heat Mass l'ramger. Vol. 3 h No. 7, pp. 1331 1333, 1988
Pergamon Press pie. Printed in Great BritainAlexandr Adolfovich Gukhman on his 90thbirthday

THE YEAR1987 marked the 90th birthday and the 65th
anniversary of scientific and pedagogical activity of
the Honorary Editorial Advisory Board Member of
the International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,
Professor A. A. Gukhman, Doctor of Physical andMathematical Sciences, Honoured Scientist of theRussian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, one ofthe distinguished Soviet thermophysicists, now professor~consultant in the Department 'Processes andApparatus of Chemical Engineering Technology' ofthe Moscow Institute of Chemical Machine Building.
A characteristic feature of his scientific work has
been the wide range of scientific interests combinedwith deep and clear statements of the many problems
posed. He has demonstrated the ability to perceive
the physical mechanism of the various phenomena
studied and to analyse the logical structure of available and newly developed theories. His most important works are well known both in the Soviet Union
and around the world. A general account of his works
till the year 1966 was given earlier in the note "ToA. A. Gukhman on his 70th birthday" published in theInternational Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.
10, pp. 1645-1648 (1967). Therefore, here attention
will be focused on his research work during the past
two decades.
Systematically and with unabating interest Professor A. A. Gukhman continued his studies on thedevelopment of the theory and methods of generalized
analysis. He suggested a general method for determining the form of the governing variables which
extends the range of the applicability of the results
obtained. This method was termed the melhod ofcharacteristic scales. The essential point underlying
the application of this method is that variables are
introduced not by trial and error or by intuitive guess,but in the consequence of the use of a certain seriesof operations [1, 2].
There has been a further advancement in his investigations on the mechanism of transfer phenomena inturbulent homogeneous flows and in the boundary
layer wall region and of the relationships between theintensities of different kinds of transfer effects [3].
In the mid- 1960s A. A. Gukhman advanced his idea
about the use of non-uniform pressure fields artificially produced in the flow by suitably selecting theshape of the channel. The idea has turned out to be
fruitful--several types of surfaces, distinguished byvery high efficiency, have been suggested [4].
A special position in the scientific work of A. A.
Gukhman is occupied by his investigations in the fieldof sublimation. The beginning of these studies dates
back to the 1950s when he advanced the hypothesis
about the discrete location of evaporation sites and thejet mechanism of vapour efflux. Since his works in thisarea are less known to those who do not specifically

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R.I. SOLOUKHINet al.

deal with sublimation and were not surveyed in theearlier note, they will be considered here in moredetail.
The site model for evaporation was constructedon the basis of theoretical considerations to explain
specific features of transport processes in sublimation.
The characteristic feature of the model consists in thejet character of the escape of the vapour phase being
formed (the volume of which exceeds by 5 6 ordersof magnitude that of the original solid phase), whichis responsible for an extremely complex pattern of theflow of the gaseous phase permeated by a system ofhigh-velocity jets. In the subsequent experiments ofa number of research workers this hypothesis waslargely confirmed and its many essential details
were validated [5].
Further investigations were developed with theobjective of establishing a quantitative theory for theworking process of sublimation dehydration of biological and food products. This research has been vitalfor setting up those general principles that furnished
the bases for various projects and constructions [6].
In addition to the above areas of research A. A.
Gukhman supervised investigations into the heattransfer and hydrodynamics of two-phase media (gassolid bodies) under the conditions of fluidization.
Along with an experimental investigation of the local
characteristics of fluidized systems theoretical studies
were also made. Such problems as the construction ofa mathematical model of solid phase motion on thebasis of probability representations were considered.
Furthermore, analytical solutions to the inverse problem of heat conduction in dispersed systems and theso-called problem of scale transitions were carriedout.
Mention should also be made of the studies dealing
with thermophysical properties of polymer materials
and with the development of the quantitative theoryof thermal effects originating during the finishing ofpolymer materials [7].
Special mention should be made of A. A. Gukhman's work pertaining to the investigation into thefoundations of thermodynamics and development ofa special system of its construction which has always
received his attention. As long ago as 1947, in hismonograph "Concerning the Foundations of Thermodynamics", A. A. Gukhman presented the fundamental principles for the construction of a systemof thermodynamics distinguished for its great consistency and logical harmony. Later, the basic ideasof this book were extended in his lectures and theyfurnished the foundation for a series of handbookson thermodynamics. In 1986, a new edition of thisbook under the same title was published in which
the foundations of thermodynamics were presented intheir final form [8].
An organically integral part of the scientific workofA. A. Gukhman is his pedagogical activity. Startingfrom 1921 he has worked continually at the universitylevel. He is a brilliant lecturer who can consistently,

deeply and extremely clearly convey to the listeners
the subject matter of the most involved theoreticalproblems. The originality and novelty of the material,high theoretical level of lectures were combined withan extremely rational construction and stylistic carefulness. This and the charm ofA. A. Gukhman attracta great number of listeners from many universities
and research institutions of our country. For A. A.
Gukhman, lecturing is a creative process.
His great talent as an organizer manifested itself
when he set up scientific research institutes and laboratories. He was one of the founders of the thermal
engineering group of the Leningrad Physical-Technological Laboratory headed by A. F. Ioffe--the laboratory which later developed into a separate instituteknown now as the I. I. Polsunov Central ScientificResearch Boiler and Turbine Institute. He also participated in the organization of the Institute of Astronomy and Physics of the Kazakh SSR Academy ofSciences and of the Power Engineering Institute of thesame academy where he has been a scientific supervisor for several years. A. A. Gukhman continues towork actively in scientific councils of the U.S.S.R.
Academy of Sciences and of a number of ministries.
The Soviet government recognized the outstanding
contributions of A. A. Gukhman by decorating him
with the Order of Lenin and five medals.
As always, A. A. Gukhman is full of creative plans
and energy. His unfailing enthusiasm infects all those
who work with him. We wish him good health andfulfillment of his creative plans.
R. I. SOLOUKHIN~V'~
O. G. MARTYNENKO
O. A. GERASHCHENKO
A. I. LEONTIEV
YU. A. MIKHArLOV
I. L. MOSTINSKY
R. I. NIGMATULIN
M. A. STYRIKOVICH
A. A. ZUKAUSKASLIST OF THE RECENT P U B L I C A T I O N S BYP R O F E S S O R A. A. G U K H M A N

A. A. Gukhman and A. A. Zaitsev, Current Problems of
the Theory of Heat Transfer and Physical Hydrodynamics.

Novosibirsk (1984).
A. A. Gukhman, Application of the Similarity, Theory tothe Study of Heat and Mass Transfer Processes. Izd.
Vysshaya Shkola, Moscow (1974).
A. A. Gukhman and B. A. Kader, Mass transfer fromthe tube wall to a turbulent fluid flow at high Schmidt
numbers, Teor. Osnovy Khim. Tekhnol. 3(2), 216~224(1969).
R. D. Borisova, A. A. Gukhman, V. V. Dilman andB. A. Kader, Experimentalinvestigationof the intensityof
turbulent heat and mass transfer over the tube starting
length at Pr >> 1. In Heat andMass Transfer--V, Vol. I,
pt. 1, pp. 208-212 (1976).
B. A. Kader, R. D. Borisova, A. A. Makeyev, A. A.
Gukhman and V. V. Dilman, Theoretical and experimental study of the laws governing passive impurity tur-Alexandr Adolfovich Gukhman on his 90th birthdaybulent transfer over the tube starting length at highPrandtl numbers. In Heat TransJ'e~1978, pp. 22 31. Izd.
Nauka, Moscow (1980).
B. A. Kader and A. A. Gukhman, The theory of themethod for determining the local characteristics of aboundary layer with the aid of tiny film probes. In HeatTran,~'[er 1974, pp. 333 339. Izd. Nauka, Moscow(1975).
4. A. A. Gukhman, V. A. Kirpikov, V. V. Gutarev and N, M.
Tsirelman, Heat transfer and hydrodynamic resistanceof a turbulent gas flow in the field of the longitudinal signvariable pressure gradient, J. Engn9 Phys. 16(6), 984-988(1969).
A. A. Gukhman and V. A. Kirpikov, Heat transfer augmentation by producing pressure nonuniformities in theflow. In Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 1, pt. 2, pp. 128137. Minsk (1972).
A. A. Gukhman, Enhancement of convective heat transfer
and the problem of comparative assessment of heat transfer surfaces, Teploenergetika No. 4, 5 8 (1977).
A. A. Gukhman and V. A. Kirpikov, Concerning theenhancement of convective heat transfer. In Heat andMass Transfer--VI, Vol. 1, pt. 1, pp. 55-66. Minsk (1980).
A. A. Gukhman, V. A. Kirpikov and R. D. Borisova,Comparative assessment of the efficiency of some current
methods of convective heat transfer augmentation. In
Heat and Mass Tran~'[er--VIl, Vol. 1, pt. 1, pp. 56-60.
Minsk (1984).
A. A. Gukhman, V. A. Kirpikov and A. P. Zynzin, Enhancement of convective heat transfer of tubular bundles

173

immersed in a longitudinal flow. In Heel* and Mass
Tran,y/er-- VII, Vol. 8, pt. 1, pp. 44M9. Minsk (1984).
5. A. A. Gukhman and E. A. Ermakova, On specific featuresof heat transfer in ice sublimation under vacuum, Zh. Tekh.
Fiz. 23(8), 1367 1378 (1953).
6. A.A. Gukhman and A. Z. Volynets, Concerning the character of ice sublimation under vacuum, J. Enqn,q Phys. 15(2),777-781 (1968).
A. A. Gukhman, A. Z. Volynets, V. E. Zhuchkov, V. E.
Matkhanova and V. K. Safonov, Vapour desublimationfrom a vapour gas mixture flow under vacuum. In Heat andMass" Transfi,r--V, Vol. IV, pp. 189 197. Minsk (I976).
A. A. Gukhman, A. Z. Volynets and V. M. Postnikov,Vapour desublimation from a vapour ~ir mixture in crossflow past a circular cylinder, Izv. Akad. Navul, BSSR, Ser.
Fiz.-Energ. Navuk No. 1, 47 52 (1979).
A. A. Gukhman, A. Z. Volynets, V. I. Vasiliev and E. V.
Gavrilova, Thermal deformations in the process of sublimational dehydration. In Heat and Mass Tran,Tl~'.~ 1:1,Vol. IV, pt. 2, pp. 4449. Minsk (1980).
7. B. A. Arutyunov, V. V. Vlasov, A. A. Gukhman and S. V.
Ishchenko, Concerning the errors in experimental determination of the thermophysical characteristics of chemically
active materials, J. Engn9 Phys. 28(2), 358 (1975).
V. V. Shvabauer, B. A. Arutyunov and A. A. Gukhman, Amathematical model of the cooling of tubes made fromcrystallizing plastics, Teor. Osnory Khim. Teknol. 16(5), 655
662 (1982).
8. A. A. Gukhman, On the Foundations Of Thermodynamics.
Energoatomizdat, Moscow (1986).