䊙䉪䊨ᒻᘒ䈫䊚䉪䊨⚵❱䉕೙ᓮ䈚䈢䊘䊷䊤䉴὇⚛㍑䈱૞⵾䈫․ᕈ㩷㩷⎇ⓥઍ⴫⠪㩷 ᄢ㒋ᄢቇ↥ᬺ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ㩷 ಎᢎ᝼㩷 ㋈ᧁㅴ⵬㩷㩷䋱䋮✜⸒㩷㩷 ⥄േゞ䉕䈲䈛䉄䈫䈜䉎ャㅍᯏ᪾䈱シ㊂ൻ䈲䇮ᄢ᏷䈭Ά⾌ะ਄䈮䉋䉎⋭䉣䊈䊦䉩䊷䈱ታ⃻䈫ឃ಴ੑ㉄ൻ὇⚛䈱ᛥ೙䈮ᄢ䈐䈒⾗䈜䉎ᛛⴚ䈪䈅䉍䇮ᓥ᧪ャㅍᯏ᪾䉕᭴ᚑ䈚䈩䈇䈢㋕㍑᧚ᢱ䈏䉝䊦䊚䊆䉡䊛ว㊄䉇䊙䉫䊈䉲䉡䊛ว㊄䈭䈬䈱シ㊄ዻ䈮⟎䈐឵䈋䉌䉏䈧䈧䈅䉎䇯䈚䈎䈚䇮シ㊄ዻ䈱㜞ᒝᐲൻ䈱⹜䉂䈏ᄙ䈒䈭䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䈮䉅㑐䉒䉌䈝䇮ଐὼ䈫䈚䈩㋕㍑᧚ᢱ䉕ಒ䈓䈖䈫䈲䈪䈐䈭䈇䈢䉄䇮㋕㍑᧚ᢱ䉕↪䈇䈢ᣂ䈢䈭シ㊂㜞ᒝᐲ᧚ᢱ䈱ഃ಴䉅⹜䉂䉌䉏䈩䈇䉎䇯㩷⃻࿷䋬シ㊂᧚ᢱ䈫䈚䈩৻ᣇะ䈮િ䈶䈢ᄙᢙ䈱ᓸ⚦᳇ሹ䉕᦭䈜䉎䊨䊷䉺䉴㊄ዻ䈱⎇ⓥ䈏⋓䉖䈮ⴕ䉒䉏䈩䈇䉎㪲㪈㪃㪉㪴䇯᳓⚛䉇⓸⚛䈭䈬䈱ട࿶䉧䉴ਛ䈪㊄ዻ䉕ṁ⸃䈚৻ᣇะಝ࿕䈘䈞䉎䈫䇮࿕⋧䈫ᶧ⋧䈱㑆䈪䈱䉧䉴ṁ⸃ᐲᏅ䈮䉋䈦䈩࿕⋧䈎䉌࿕ᶧ⇇㕙䈮ឃ಴䈘䉏䈢䉧䉴䈏৻ᣇะ䈮ᚑ㐳䈚䇮䊨䊷䉺䉴㊄ዻ䉕૞⵾䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎䇯ᧄ⎇ⓥ䈪䈲䇮䈖䈱䉋䈉䈭૞⵾ේℂ䉕↪䈇䈩䊨䊷䉺䉴὇⚛㍑䉕૞⵾䈜䉎䈫౒䈮䇮᳇ሹ䉇ᄖᒻ䈭䈬䈱䊙䉪䊨ᒻᘒ䈍䉋䈶䊚䉪䊨⚵❱䉕䉮䊮䊃䊨䊷䊦䈜䉎䈖䈫䈮䉋䉍䇮㋕㍑᧚ᢱ䉕↪䈇䈢ᣂ䈢䈭シ㊂㜞ᒝᐲ᧚ᢱ䉕૞⵾䈜䉎䈖䈫䉕⋡⊛䈫䈚䈢䇯㩷ᧄ⎇ⓥ䈪䈲䇮ㅪ⛯㍌ㅧᴺ㪲㪊㪴䉕↪䈇䈩᭴ㅧ᧚ᢱ䈫䈚䈩೑↪น⢻䈭㐳ዤ䈱䉴䊤䊑⁁䈱䊨䊷䉺䉴὇⚛㍑䈱૞⵾䉕⹜䉂䈢䇯ㇱ᧚ᒻ⁁䉇᳇ሹ䈱ᒻᘒ䈭䈬䈱䊙䉪䊨ᒻᘒ೙ᓮ䈫䊚䉪䊨⚵❱೙ᓮ䉕ข䉍౉䉏䈩䇮䊘䊷䊤䉴ൻ䈮䉋䈦䈩ૐਅ䈜䉎ᒝᐲ․ᕈ䉕⵬䈉ᣇᴺ䉕ᬌ⸛䈚䈢䇯䉁䈢䇮㔓࿐᳇䉧䉴䈫䈚䈩⓸⚛䉕೑↪䈜䉎䈖䈫䈮䉋䉍䇮὇⚛㍑ਛ䈮⓸⚛䉕࿕ṁ䈪䈐䉎䈫⠨䈋䇮⓸⚛㔓࿐᳇䈍䉋䈶᳓⚛㔓࿐᳇䈪䊨䊷䉺䉴὇⚛㍑䉕૞⵾䈚䈩䇮࿶❗⹜㛎䈮䉋䉍ᯏ᪾⊛ᕈ⾰䈱Ყセ䉕ⴕ䈦䈢䇯૞⵾䈚䈢䊘䊷䊤䉴὇⚛㍑䈱䊚䉪䊨⚵❱䉕ᾲಣℂ䈮䉋䉍೙ᓮ䈚䇮૞⵾䈚䈢䊨䊷䉺䉴὇⚛㍑䈱⎬䈘䇮䈍䉋䈶࿶❗
⹜㛎䈪ᯏ᪾⊛ᕈ⾰䉕⹏ଔ䈚䈢䇯㩷㩷䋲䋮ታ㛎ᣇᴺ㩷㪝㫀㪾㫌㫉㪼㩷 䋱䈮䊨䊷䉺䉴὇⚛㍑૞⵾䈱䈢䉄䈱ㅪ⛯㍌ㅧⵝ⟎䉕␜䈜䇯ᧄㅪ⛯㍌ㅧⵝ⟎䈲ട࿶䉧䉴䉼䊞䊮䊋䊷ౝ䈮⸳⟎䈘䉏䇮ṁ⸃䈎䉌ಝ࿕䉁䈪ട࿶㔓࿐᳇ਛ䈪ⴕ䈉䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎䇯㩷䊨䊷䉺䉴὇⚛㍑䉕૞⵾䈜䉎⋡⊛䈪䋬⓸⚛ 㪇㪅㪏㪤㪧㪸 䈫䉝䊦䉯䊮 㪈㪅㪎㪤㪧㪸 䈱ᷙว䉧䉴㔓࿐᳇䋬䈍䉋䈶᳓⚛ 㪇㪅㪍㪤㪧㪸 䈫䉝䊦䉯䊮 㪈㪅㪐㪤㪧㪸 䈱ᷙว㔓࿐᳇䈪䋬䉎䈧䈿ౝ䈱὇⚛㍑㩿㪘㪠㪪㪠㪈㪇㪈㪏㪀䉟䊮䉯䉾䊃䉕㜞๟ᵄടᾲ䈮䉋䉍ṁ⸃䈚䈢䇯㩷὇⚛㍑ṁḡਛ䈮⓸⚛䉁䈢䈲᳓⚛䉕චಽ䈮ṁ⸃䈜䉎䈢䉄䈮䋬㪈㪏㪎㪊㪢 䈪 㪍㪇㪇䌳એ਄଻ᜬ䈚䋬䉎䈧䈿ᐩㇱ䈮ធ⛯䈚䈢䉶䊤䊚䉾䉪䉴⵾䈱㍌ဳ䋨㪈㪇㩷㫏㩷㪊㪇㩷㫄㫄㪉䋩䉕ㅢ䈚䈩 㪌㫄㫄㪆㫄㫀㫅 䈪ᒁ಴䈚䈢䇯㍌ဳ๟࿐䈱㌃䊑䊨䉾䉪䈮ᓴⅣ᳓䉕ᵹ䈜䈖䈫䈪⹜ᢱ䈱಄ළ䉕ⴕ䈦䈢䇯䈖䉏䈮䉋䉍䋬ᒁ಴䈘䉏䈢὇⚛㍑
ṁḡ䈲৻ᣇะ䈮ಝ࿕䈚䋬㐳ዤ䈱὇⚛㍑䉴䊤䊑䉕૞⵾䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䈢䇯Ყセ⹜ᢱ䈫䈚䈩䉝䊦䉯䊮 㪉㪅㪌㪤㪧㪸 䈱㔓࿐᳇䈪䊉䊮䊘䊷䊤䉴὇⚛㍑䉴䊤䊑䉅૞⵾䈚䈢䇯㩷㧙㧙૞⵾䈚䈢䊨䊷䉺䉴὇⚛㍑䉴䊤䊑䉕᡼ 㔚 ട Ꮏ 㩿㪘㪨㪊㪉㪌㪣㪄㪣㪥㪈㪮㪃㩷 㪪㫆㪻㫀㪺㫂㪀Pressurized gas
atmosphere

Stainless steel
chamber
Induction coil䈮䉋䉍䋬ᒁ಴ᣇะ䈮ᐔⴕ䈍䉋䈶ု⋥䈮ಾ䉍಴䈚䈢䇯ಾ䉍಴䈚䈢⹜ᢱ䈱㊀㊂

Moltensteel

䈫૕Ⓧ䈎䉌᳇ሹ₸䉕▚಴䈚䋬ᒁ಴ᣇ

Ceramic crucible
Insulating material
Water-cooled
copper blockะ 䈮 ု ⋥ 䈭 ᢿ 㕙 䈱 ↹ ௝ ⸃ ᨆ 㩿㪮㫀㫅㩷㪩㫆㫆㪽㪃㩷 ਃ⼱໡੐㪀䈮䉋䉍᳇ሹᓘ䉕᷹ቯ䈚䈢䇯὇⚛㍑䈱㊄ዻ䊙䊃䊥䉾䉪䉴ㇱ䈱

Mold⓸⚛ಽᨆ䈲㉄⚛䍃⓸⚛ಽᨆེLotus
carbon steel䋨㪤㫆㪻㪼㫃㩷㪫㪚㪊㪇㪇㪃㩷㪣㪜㪚㪦㩷㪚㫆㪅䋩䈮䈩䋬὇⚛ಽᨆ䈲὇⚛䍃⎫㤛ಽᨆེ䋨㪤㫆㪻㪼㫃㩷㪫㪚㪊㪇㪇㪃㩷 㪣㪜㪚㪦㩷 㪚㫆㪅䋬૑෹㊄ዻ䊁䉪䊉䊨䉳䊷䈮䈩ታᣉ䋩䈮䈩ⴕ䈦䈢䇯㩷㪇㪅㪏㪤㪧㪸 䈱⓸⚛䈫 㪈㪅㪎㪤㪧㪸 䈱䉝䊦䉯Pinchrollers
DummybarTransfer䊮䈱ᷙว㔓࿐᳇ਛ䈪૞⵾䈚䈢䊨䊷䉺䉴὇⚛㍑䉴䊤䊑䈎䉌䋬㪎㫄㫄 ⷺ䈱⹜㛎䉕ಾ䉍಴䈚䋬᳇ሹᚑ㐳ᣇะ䈮ኻ䈚䈩ု⋥䈮࿶❗⹜㛎䉕ⴕ䈦䈢䇯࿶❗⹜

Fig.1 Schematic drawing of the continuous
casting apparatus for lotus carbon steel withdirectional pores㛎䈲䋬䊘䊷䊤䉴㊄ዻ䈱࿶❗⹜㛎ᣇᴺ䈮㑐䈜䉎ᣣᧄᎿᬺⷙᩰ䋨㪡㪠㪪㪎㪐㪇㪉䋩㪲㪋㪴䈮Ḱ䈛䈩ⴕ䈦䈢䇯᷹ቯ䈚䈢࿶❗㒠ફᒝᐲ䈱䈳䉌䈧䈐䉕䈭䉎䈼䈒ዊ䈘䈒䈜䉎䈢䉄䈮䋱ㄝ䈱㐳䈘䉕ᐔဋ᳇ሹᓘ䈱 㪈㪇 ୚એ਄䈫䈭䉎䉋䈉䈮䈚䈢䇯㩷㩷 ಾ䉍಴䈚䈢⹜㛎䈱䈉䈤䈇䈒䈧䈎䈮䈧䈇䈩䈲䋬ᾲಣℂ䉕ᣉ䈘䈝䈮࿶❗⹜㛎䉕ⴕ䈦䈢䇯䉁䈢䋬ಾ䉍಴䈚䈢⹜㛎䉕 㪈㪉㪇㪇㪢 䈪 㪊㪅㪍㫂㫊 䉝䊦䉯䊮㔓࿐᳇ਛ䈪ടᾲᓟ䋬Ἱ಄䋨὾䈐䈭䉁䈚䋩䋬ⓨ಄䋨὾䈐䈭䉌䈚䋩䋬䉁䈢䈲᳓಄䋨὾౉䉏䋩䉕ⴕ䈉䈖䈫䈮䉋䉍ᾲಣℂ䉕ⴕ䈦䈢䇯㩷㩷 ࿶❗⹜㛎䈲ਁ⢻⹜㛎ᯏ䋨䉟䊮䉴䊃䊨䊮 㪤㫆㪻㪼㫃㪋㪋㪏㪉䋩䈮䉋䉍䋬䉪䊨䉴䊓䉾䊄ㅦᐲ 㪇㪅㪉㫄㫄㪆㫄㫀㫅 䈪ⴕ䈦䈢䇯ᧄ⎇ⓥ䈪䈲䋬㪇㪅㪉㩼䈱᳗ਭ䈵䈝䉂䉕↢䈛䉎ᔕജ䉕࿶❗㒠ફᔕജ䈫䈚䈢䇯㩷㩷 ⎬䈘⹜㛎ᯏ䋨㪘㫂㪸㫊㪿㫀㩷㪤㪭㪢㪄㪠㪠㪠䋩䈮䉋䉍 㪇㪅㪐㪏㪥㪃㩷㪈㪌㫊 䈪ᾲಣℂ೨ᓟ䈱䊎䉾䉦䊷䉴⎬䈘䉕᷹ቯ䈚䈢䇯ห䈛᷹ቯ㕙਄䈮䈩䋵ὐ᷹ቯ䈚䋬ᐔဋ୯䈍䉋䈶ᮡḰ஍Ꮕ䉕᳞䉄䈢䇯㩷㩷䋳䋮ታ㛎⚿ᨐ㩷㪝㫀㪾㫌㫉㪼㩷 㪉 䈮⓸⚛䈍䉋䈶᳓⚛㔓࿐᳇ਛ䈪૞⵾䈚䈢䊨䊷䉺䉴὇⚛㍑䈱ᒁ಴ᣇะ䈮ᐔⴕ䈍䉋䈶ု⋥䈭ᢿ㕙䈱౮⌀䉕␜䈜䇯䈇䈝䉏䈱⹜ᢱ䈮䉅ᒁ಴ᣇะ䈮િ䈶䈢ᄙᢙ䈱᳇ሹ䈏ⷰኤ䈘䉏䇮䈇䈝䉏䈱᧦ઙ䈮䈍䈇䈩䉅䊨䊷䉺䉴὇⚛㍑䈱૞⵾䈏น⢻䈪䈅䈦䈢䇯૞⵾䈚䈢⹜ᢱ䈱᳇ሹᓘ䇮᳇ሹ₸䉕 㪫㪸㪹㫃㪼㩷㪈 䈮␜䈜䇯㩷㩷㧙㧙

Table 1 Atmospheric pressure and contents of C and N, pore diameter and porosity
Total pressure Partial pressure C wt.% N wt.%
PorePorosity %MPaMPadiameter PmLotus
2.5N2 0.8 Ar 1.7 0.075
0.104453± 193
33.8± 2.9Lotus
2.5
H2 0.6 Ar 1.9 0.064
0.002
604± 297
28.4± 1.9
Non2.5
0Ar 2.5 0.131
0.003--0Porous㩷㪝㫀㪾㫌㫉㪼㩷 㪊 䈮⓸⚛䈍䉋䈶᳓⚛㔓࿐᳇䈪૞⵾䈚䈢䊨䊷䉺䉴὇⚛㍑䈫䊉䊮䊘䊷䊤䉴὇⚛㍑䈱࿶❗
⹜㛎䈪ᓧ䉌䉏䈢࿶❗ᔕജ㵪䈵䈝䉂ᦛ✢䉕␜䈜䇯䈵䈝䉂⚂ 㪇㪅㪈 䈎䉌 㪇㪅㪌 䈱▸࿐䈮䈍䈇䈩䇮䊨䊷䉺䉴὇⚛㍑䈲࿶❗ᔕജ䈱Ⴧട䈏ዊ䈘䈇䊒䊤䊃䊷㗔ၞ䉕␜䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯㩷㩷 㩷 㪝㫀㪾㫌㫉㪼㩷 㪋 䈲䇮὾䈐䈭䉌䈚䉕ᣉ䈚䈢䊉䊮䊘䊷䊤䉴὇⚛㍑䈍䉋䈶ฦ᳇ሹ₸䉕᦭䈜䉎䊨䊷䉺䉴὇⚛
㍑䈱࿶❗㒠ફᒝᐲ䉕␜䈜䇯᳇ሹ₸䈱ᄌൻ䈮䉋䉍࿶❗㒠ફᒝᐲ䈏ᄌൻ䈚䈩䈇䉎䈏䋬ห╬䈱᳇ሹ₸䈪䉅᳓⚛䉕↪䈇䈩૞⵾䈚䈢䊨䊷䉺䉴὇⚛㍑䉋䉍䉅⓸⚛䉕↪䈇䈢႐ว䈱䈾䈉䈏㜞䈇࿶❗㒠ફᒝᐲ䉕␜䈚䈢䇯㪫㪸㪹㫃㪼䋱䈮␜䈜䉋䈉䈮὇⚛㍑䈱㊄ዻ䊙䊃䊥䉾䉪䉴ㇱ䈮ሽ࿷䈜䉎὇⚛㊂䈍䉋䈶⓸⚛㊂䈮㆑䈇䈏⷗䉌䉏䈢䇯䈇䈝䉏䉅ห⚵ᚑ䈱ේ᧚ᢱ䉕૶↪䈚䈩䈇䉎䈢䉄䇮὇⚛䈲ṁ⸃ਛ䈮㔌⣕䈚䈢䉅䈱䈫⠨䈋䉌䉏䉎䇯એਅ䈮䇮䈖䉏䉌䈱⓸⚛䉇὇⚛㊂䈱㆑䈇䈏ᒝᐲ䈮ਈ䈋䉎ᓇ㗀䉕⠨ኤ䈜䉎䇯㩷䉁䈝䋬⓸⚛㊂䈱㆑䈇䉕㒰䈇䈩⠨䈋䉎䈢䉄䈮䋬䊉䊮䊘䊷䊤䉴὇⚛㍑䈫᳓⚛䉕↪䈇䈩૞⵾䈚䈢䊨䊷䉺䉴὇⚛㍑䉕Ყセ䈜䉎䇯䈖䉏䉌䈇䈝䉏䈱⹜ᢱ䉅⓸⚛฽᦭㊂䈲ήⷞ䈪䈐䉎⒟ᐲ䈪䈅䉎䈏䋬䊉䊮䊘䊷䊤䉴὇⚛㍑䈱䈾䈉䈏䊨䊷䉺䉴὇⚛㍑䈫Ყセ䈚䈩 㪇㪅㪇㪎㫎㫋㪅㩼䈱㜞䈇὇⚛㊂䉕᦭䈚䈩䈇䈢䇯㪩㫀㫅㪼㪹㫆㫃㫋 䈮䉋䉎䈫䇮ૐ὇⚛㍑䈮䈍䈇䈩 㪇㪅㪈㫎㫋㪅㩼䈱὇⚛䈏ᷫዋ䈜䉎䈮ᓥ䈇䋬㪋㪎㪤㪧㪸 㒠ફᒝᐲ䈏ૐ

Pressure / MPaਅ䈜䉎䈢䉄㪲㪌㪴䋬᳓⚛㔓࿐᳇䈪૞⵾䈚䈢䊨䊷䉺N 2 0.8,
Ar 1.7䉴὇⚛㍑䈫ห╬䈱὇⚛㊂䉕᦭䈜䉎䊉䊮䊘䊷䊤䉴Transfer direction὇⚛㍑䈱࿶❗㒠ફᒝᐲ䈲 㪉㪋㪏㪤㪧㪸 䈫ផቯ䈪䈐䉎䇯䈖䉏䉕᳇ሹ₸ 㪇䋦䈮䊒䊨䉾䊃䈜䉎䈫䋬䈖䈱ὐ䈫᳇ሹ₸ 㪈㪇㪇㩼䈱䈫䈐䈮࿶❗㒠ફᒝᐲ䉕 㪇 䈫䈚䈢ὐ䉕⚿䉖䈣⋥✢䈲䋬᳇ሹ₸䈮䈎䈎䉒䉌䈝Ყᒝᐲ䈏৻ቯ䈫䈭䉎䈖䈫䉕␜䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯᳓⚛㔓࿐᳇䈪૞⵾䈚䈢䊨䊷䉺䉴὇⚛㍑䈱࿶❗㒠ફᒝᐲ䈲䈖䈱⋥✢਄䈮ሽ࿷䈜䉎䈖䈫䈎䉌䋬㊄ዻ䊙䊃䊥䉾䉪10mm䉴ㇱ䈱ᒝᐲ䈲䊘䊷䊤䉴ൻ䈚䈩䉅ห╬䈱ᒝᐲ䉕᦭䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏ಽ䈎䉎䇯㩷䈖䉏䈮ኻ䈚䈩䋬⓸⚛㔓࿐᳇䈪૞⵾䈚䈢䊨䊷䉺䉴὇⚛㍑䈲䋬ห╬䈱᳇ሹ₸䈪䉅᳓⚛㔓࿐᳇䈪

H 2 0.6,
Ar 1.9Fig.2 Cross-sections parallel (upper side)and perpendicular (lower side) to thetransfer direction of lotus carbon steelslabs fabricated using nitrogen andhydrogen.

㧙㧙૞⵾䈚䈢䊨䊷䉺䉴὇⚛㍑䉋䉍䉅㜞䈇࿶❗㒠ફᒝᐲ䉕␜䈚䈢䇯㪫㪸㪹㫃㪼㩷 䋱䈮␜䈜䈫䈍䉍䋬⓸⚛㊂䈲᳓⚛㔓࿐᳇ਛ䈪૞⵾䈚䈢䊨䊷䉺䉴὇⚛㍑䉇䊉䊮䊘䊷䊤䉴὇⚛㍑䈫Ყセ䈚䈩㕖Ᏹ䈮㜞䈇䇯䈖䉏䈲䋬⓸⚛䈱࿕ṁᒝൻ䈮䉋䉍㊄ዻ䊙䊃䊥䉾䉪䉴ㇱಽ䈱ᒝᐲ䈏Ⴧട䈚䈢䈖䈫䈮䉋䉎䉅䈱䈫⠨䈋䉌䉏䉎䇯㩷䈧䉁䉍䋬㔓࿐᳇䈱⓸⚛䈲䋬὇⚛㍑ṁḡౝ䈮ṁ⸃䈚䈢ᓟ䋬ಝ࿕ㆊ⒟䈮䈍䈇䈩৻ㇱ䈲࿕⋧䈮㩷㪉㪇㪇㪇㪘㫉㩷㪉㪅㪌㪤㪧㪸㪃㩷㫅㫆㫅㪄㫇㫆㫉㫆㫌㫊㪈㪌㪇㪇㪥㪉㩷㪇㪅㪏㪤㪧㪸㩷㪂㩷㪘㫉㩷㪈㪅㪎㪤㪧㪸㫃㫆㫋㫌㫊㩷㩿㪆㪆㪀㪈㪇㪇㪇㩷㪚㫆㫄㫇㫉㪼㫊㫊㫀㫍㪼㩷㫊㫋㫉㪼㫊㫊㪃㩷㱟㩷㪆㪤㪧㪸ṁ䈔䈐䉏䈝ឃ಴䈘䉏᳇ሹ䉕ᒻᚑ䈚䋬䉁䈢৻ㇱ䈲㊄ዻ䊙䊃䊥䉾䉪䉴ㇱ䈮࿕ṁ䈜䉎䇯䈖䉏䈮䉋䉍䋬シ㪌㪇㪇㪇㪇㪅㪇㪟 㪉㩷㪇㪅㪍㪤㪧㪸㩷㪂㩷㪘㫉㩷㪈㪅㪐㪤㪧㪸㪃㩷㫃㫆㫋㫌㫊㩷㩿㪆㪆㪀㩷㪇㪅㪈㪇㪅㪉 㪇㪅㪊 㪇㪅㪋 㪇㪅㪌 㪇㪅㪍㪚㫆㫄㫇㫉㪼㫊㫊㫀㫍㪼㩷㫊㫋㫉㪸㫀㫅㪃㩷㱑㪇㪅㪎

Fig.3 Compressive stress- strain curves of non-porous and lotus carbon steels. The
compressive directions were parallel (//) to the pore growth direction in thecompression tests of lotus carbon steels.
㩷㪊㪌㪇㩷㪑㩷㪥㪉㪂㪘㫉㩷㩷㪑㩷㪟㪉㪂㪘㫉㩷㩷㩷㪑㩷㪘㫉㩷㩷
㩷㪑㩷㪺㪸㫃㪺㫌㫃㪸㫋㪼㪻㪚㫆㫄㫇㫉㪼㫊㫊㫀㫍㪼㩷㫐㫀㪼㫃㪻㩷㫊㫋㫉㪼㫅㪾㫋㪿㪃㩷㱟㫐㩷㪆㪤㪧㪸

㪊㪇㪇
㪉㪌㪇
㪉㪇㪇
㪈㪌㪇
㪈㪇㪇
㪌㪇
㪇
㪇

㪉㪇

㪋㪇 㪍㪇 㪏㪇㪧㫆㫉㫆㫊㫀㫋㫐㪃㩷㫇㩷㩿㩼㪀㪈㪇㪇㩷
Fig.4 Compressive yield strength of the non-porous and porous carbon steels in thepore growth direction plotted against the porosity. The calculated value of thenon-porous carbon steel was obtained by considering non-porous carbon steel withthe same carbon content as the porous carbon steel fabricated using hydrogen.㩷㧙㧙㊂ൻ䈮ነਈ䈜䉎᳇ሹᒻᚑ䈫䈇䈉䊙䉪䊨ᒻᘒ೙ᓮ䈫㊄ዻ䊙䊃䊥䉾䉪䉴䈱ᒝൻ䈮ነਈ䈜䉎⓸⚛䈱࿕ṁ䈫䈇䈉䊚䉪䊨⚵❱೙ᓮ䉕หᤨ䈮ⴕ䈉䈖䈫䈏น⢻䈫䈭䈦䈢䇯㩷㩷 㪝㫀㪾㫌㫉㪼㩷 㪌 䈮⓸⚛㔓࿐᳇䈪૞⵾䈚䈢䊨䊷䉺䉴὇⚛㍑䈱ᾲಣℂ೨ᓟ䈱࿶❗㒠ફᔕജ䈫䊎䉾䉦䊷䉴⎬䈘䉕␜䈚䈢䇯㪝㫀㪾㪅㪍㩿㪸㪀䈮␜䈜䈫䈍䉍䋬ᾲಣℂ೨䈱⹜ᢱ䈮䈲䉡䉞䊄䊙䊮䉴䊁䉾䊁䊮⚵❱䈏⷗䉌䉏䈢䇯὾䈐䈭䉁䈚᧚䋨㪝㫀㪾㪅㪍㩿㪹㪀䋩㪃὾䈐䈭䉌䈚᧚䋨㪝㫀㪾㪅㪍㩿㪺㪀䋩㪃὾䈐䈭䉁䈚᧚䋨㪝㫀㪾㪅㪍㩿㪻㪀䋩㪃䈍䉋䈶὾䈐䈇䉏㪊㪌㪇㪊㪇㪇㩷㪋㪇㪇: Yield strength: HV㪊㪌㪇㪊㪇㪇㪉㪌㪇㪉㪌㪇㪉㪇㪇㪉㪇㪇㪈㪌㪇㪈㪌㪇㪈㪇㪇㪈㪇㪇㪌㪇㪌㪇㪇

AnnealedQuenchedAs-castNormalized㩷㪭㫀㪺㫂㪼㫉㫊㩷㪿㪸㫉㪻㫅㪼㫊㫊㪃㩷㪟㪭㪋㪇㪇㩷Compressive yield stress, Vy / MPa᧚䋨㪝㫀㪾㪅㪍㩿䌢㪀䋩䈮䈲䇮䈠䉏䈡䉏䊐䉢䊤䉟䊃㪄䊌䊷䊤䉟䊃⚵❱䋬ᓸ⚦䈭䊐䉢䊤䉟䊃㪄䊌䊷䊤䉟䊃⚵❱䈍䉋㪇

Fig.5 Compressive yield strength and Vickers hardness of the porous carbon steels
fabricated using nitrogen before and after the heat treatments.

200㱘m

20㱘m

(a) As-cast(b) Annealed(c) Normalized(d) Quenched㩷Fig.6 Microstructures of the cross-sections of the porous carbon steel fabricatedusing nitrogen in the perpendicular direction to the transfer direction before andafter heat-treatments.㩷

㧙㧙䈶䊙䊦䊁䊮䉰䉟䊃䈏ⷰኤ䈘䉏䈢䇯὾䈐䈭䉁䈚䈮䉋䉎☻ᄢ䈭䊐䉢䊤䉟䊃䊷䊌䊷䊤䉟䊃⚵❱䈱ᨆ಴䈮䉋䉍䇮䊎䉾䉦䊷䉴⎬䈘䈍䉋䈶࿶❗㒠ફᔕജ䈲ૐਅ䈚䇮὾䈐䈭䉌䈚䈪䈲㗼⪺䈭ᒝᐲ䈱ᄌൻ䈲⷗䉌䉏䈭䈎䈦䈢䇯䈖䉏䈮ኻ䈚䈩䇮὾౉䉏䈮䉋䉎䊙䊦䊁䊮䉰䉟䊃⋧䈻䈱⋧ォ⒖䈮䉋䉍⪺䈚䈇࿶❗㒠ફᒝᐲ䈱Ⴧട䈏⷗䉌䉏䈢䇯㩷㩷䋴䋮䉁䈫䉄㩷㩷 ⓸⚛䈫䉝䊦䉯䊮䈱ᷙว䉧䉴㔓࿐᳇䋬䈍䉋䈶᳓⚛䈫䉝䊦䉯䊮䈱ᷙว䉧䉴㔓࿐᳇䈪ㅪ⛯㍌ㅧ䉕ⴕ䈉䈖䈫䈮䉋䉍䊨䊷䉺䉴὇⚛㍑䉕૞⵾䈚䈢䇯㩷㩷 ⓸⚛䉕↪䈇䈩૞⵾䈚䈢䊨䊷䉺䉴὇⚛㍑䈱Ყᒝᐲ䈲᳓⚛䉕↪䈇䈩૞⵾䈚䈢䊨䊷䉺䉴὇⚛㍑䉋䉍
䉅㜞䈇䈫䈇䈉⚿ᨐ䈏ᓧ䉌䉏䈢䇯㩷૞⵾ᤨ䈱㔓࿐᳇䈱⓸⚛䈲䋬὇⚛㍑ṁḡౝ䈮ṁ⸃䈚䈢ᓟ䋬ಝ࿕ㆊ⒟䈮䈍䈇䈩৻ㇱ䈲࿕⋧䈮ṁ䈔䈐䉏䈝ឃ಴䈘䉏᳇ሹ䉕ᒻᚑ䈚䋬䉁䈢৻ㇱ䈲㊄ዻ䊙䊃䊥䉾䉪䉴ㇱ䈮࿕ṁ䈜䉎䇯䈖䉏䈮䉋䉍䋬シ㊂ൻ䈮ነਈ䈜䉎᳇ሹᒻᚑ䈫䈇䈉䊙䉪䊨ᒻᘒ೙ᓮ䈫㊄ዻ䊙䊃䊥䉾䉪䉴䈱ᒝൻ䈮ነਈ䈜䉎⓸⚛䈱࿕ṁ䈫䈇䈉䊚䉪䊨⚵❱೙ᓮ䉕หᤨ䈮ⴕ䈉䈖䈫䈏น⢻䈪䈅䉎䇯䈘䉌䈮䋬ᾲಣℂ䈮䉋䉎䊚䉪䊨⚵❱䈱೙ᓮ䈮䉋䈦䈩䉅䊨䊷䉺䉴὇⚛㍑䈱ᒝᐲ䉕ᄌൻ䈘䈞䉎䈖䈫䈏น⢻䈪䈅䉎䇯㩷ᧄ⎇ⓥ䈪㐿⊒䈚䈢䊨䊷䉺䉴὇⚛㍑䈱૞⵾ᚻᴺ䈲䋬㋕㍑᧚ᢱ䉕ᣂ䈢䈭シ㊂᭴ㅧㇱ᧚䈫䈚䈩೑↪䈜䉎ᛛⴚ䈱⊒ዷ䈮ነਈ䈜䉎䉅䈱䈫ᦼᓙ䈘䉏䉎䇯㩷㩷⻢ㄉ㩷ᧄ⎇ⓥ䈲䇮㪡㪝㪜䋲䋱਎♿⽷࿅䈱ᛛⴚ⎇ⓥഥᚑ䋨㪉㪇㪇㪏 ᐕᐲ䋩䈮䉋䉍ታᣉ䈘䉏䈢䉅䈱䈪䈅䉍䇮ᷓ䈒ᗵ⻢䈇䈢䈚䉁䈜䇯㩷㩷ෳ⠨ᢥ₂㩷
[1] H. Nakajima, Prog. Mater. Sci. 52, 1093-1173 (2007)[2] V. Shapovalov, Proc. MRS Symp. 52, 281-290 (1998)[3] J.S. Park, S.K. Hyun, S. Suzuki, H. Nakajima, Acta Mater. 55, 5646-5654 (2007)[4] Japanese Industrial Standards Committee, JIS H 7902 Method for compressive test ofporous metals, Japanese Standards Association, Tokyo (2008)[5] J.A. Rinebolt, W.J. Harris, Trans. ASM., 43, 1175-1214 (1951)[6] J.C. Rawers, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 187A, 167-176 (1994)

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