Based on Transport Model ChoiceTransfer to Promote Environment Benefits
交通手段選択モデルに基づく環境保護の提案
Team C
Waseda University

Background & Objectives
Background➢ Approximately 20% of greenhouse gas emissions in Yokohama are caused by thetransportation sector, half of which can be attributed to private cars (Hino et al., 2019).

➢ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Yokohama (City of Yokohama, 2018).
Objectives➢ Encourage low carbon travel in Yokohama.

➢ Offset carbon emission by policy insights.

2Basic aggregation➢ Personal information (YOKOHAMA 2008 PP Data)
Age Groups in Different Transport Modes

Gender in Different Transport Modes

Walking

Walking

BicycleBicycleBusBusSubwaySubwayVehicleVehicle
0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

20-30

30-40

40-50

50-60

100%

0%

20%

40%

60%

MaleFemale

80%

100%

• 31 respondents• 1223 trips• Age range: 28~54

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Basic aggregation➢ Travel Purpose & Days of Week in Different Transport Modes
Travel Purpose in Different Transport Modes

Days of Week in Different Transport Modes

Walking

Walking

BicycleBicycleBusBusSubwaySubwayVehicleVehicle0%

CommutingDining20%

40%
Go homeEntertainment

60%
Working
Others

80%Shopping

100%

0%

20%
Mon.

Tue.

40%
Wed.

60%
Thu.

Fri.

80%
Sat.

100%

Sun.

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Basic aggregation➢ Travel Purpose5Basic aggregation

𝒘𝒂𝒍𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒅𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝜶=𝒃𝒖𝒔 𝒅𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒓 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝒅𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

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Basic aggregation𝜶=𝒘𝒂𝒍𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒅𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝒃𝒖𝒔 𝒅𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒓 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝒅𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

What does this mean?

➢ The data rule of priority level, if there has walking or train in one trip, the travel
mode in this trip is train.
➢ We want to keep the walking information in mix mode trip.

➢ Walking time is also important in train trip and bus trip.
➢ Bigger 𝜶 means the longer walking duration than bus/train duration in this trip.
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Estimation Results

Model

Parameters

Estimate

t-valueTrain

1.2337494

4.177414

Bus-0.796119-1.98426

Car-0.638229-1.98745

Bike-0.873983-3.96771

Train-0.049678-3.80659

Bus

0.0721624

2.445668

Car-0.037198-4.53481

Bike-0.042646-8.72428

Walk-0.071268-6.60252

Cost

0.0004636

1.068806

Ratio-0.373369-6.26235

Constant

MNL Model

Time

VehicleBicycleWalking

Train

BusTaxi➢ Utility function:

Transfer times

Train-0.879378-5.787

AgeCar

2.284371

9.703306

V_train= d1*time_train + f1*fare_train + t1*ratio_train + c1*transfer + b1

Travel purpose

Car0.3741101

1.624151

Walk

1.5019587

4.553961

V_bus= d2*time_bus + f1*fare_bus + t1*ratio_bus+ b2

Number of samples

1233

V_car= d3*time_car + a2*age + p2*purpose+ b3

LL0-1702.990

V_bike= d4*time_bike+ b4

LLC-1012.41

ρ˄2(before)

0.406

ρ˄2(after)

0.396

V_walk= d5*time_work+ p4*purpose8Policy insights➢New transport modes are needed in order to instead of walking➢Adding new bus routes➢Setting bike-sharing stations➢Promoting shared mobility
Of course, “point policy”!

9Results
We assume that the walking time will decrease through policy implementation.
𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 × 𝜇
𝝁=0.8

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Results
0%10%20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
train

bus

car

bikewalk

Transport mode

CarSharing bus

Normal bus

Train

MetroCarbon emission(g/km)

45

8195311

Results
Transport modeCar

Sharing bus

Normal bus

Train

MetroCarbon emission(g/km)

458

195

3

31 people’s trip:
The total distance of car using : 9509 km
Only decrease 1% of car using

decrease 3.8kg carbon emission

1 tree absorb 2.28 months（Public Transport Users Association，2014)12

Policy insights
Inspiration

Source from: https://www.chinatimes.com/cn/realtimenews/20190825002396-

Source from:

260408?chdtv

https://eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/imagerecords/145000/145498/southamerica_ta
mo_2019234_lrg.png

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Policy insights➢ Encourage sharing mode!
➢ Let’s plant trees together!
➢ Let’s plant trees together with LINE friends!

For example:
Every one time sharing mode: 100 point
10000 point→1tree

14Reference List

➢ Hino, K., Taniguchi, A., Hanazato, M. & Takagi, D. (2019). Modal Shift from Cars and Promotion of Walking by Providing Pedometers inYokohama City, Japan, Int J Environ Res Public Health, 16(12), 2144.
➢ City of Yokohama (2018). Yokohama City Action Plan for Global Warming Countermeasure, Yokohama City Climate Change Policy
Headquarters, Coordination Division. [Online]. Available from:https://www.city.yokohama.lg.jp/lang/residents/en/shisei/climatechange/actionplan.files/0006_20190620.pdf [Accessed 22.09.2019].
➢ Global Petrol Prices (2019). Japan Gasoline prices, 16-Sep-2019, [Online]. Available from:https://www.globalpetrolprices.com/Japan/gasoline_prices/ [Accessed 23.09.2019].
➢ Public Transport Users Association (2014). MYTH: PLANTING 17 TREES PER YEAR WILL CANCEL OUT YOUR CAR’SENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, [Online]. Available from: https://www.ptua.org.au/myths/trees/ [Accessed 23.09.2019].

15Thanks
Q&A

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