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Cruise report of the 2011 IWC-Pacific Ocean Whale andEcosystem Research (IWC-POWER)
KOJI MATSUOKA1 , SALLY MIZROCH2 AND HIROYUKI KOMIYA3
1: The Institute of Cetacean Research, 4-5, Toyomi, Chuo, Tokyo, 104-0055, JAPAN
2: Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Mammal Laboratory,7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, USA
3: Kyodo Senpaku Co. LTD., Toyomi 4-5, Chuo-ku Tokyo, 104-0055, JAPANContact e-mail: matsuoka@cetacean.jp
ABSTRACTThe 2nd annual IWC-POWER (as a successor to the IWC/IDCR-SOWER cruises since 1978/79 in the Antarctic) was successfully
conducted from 11 July to 8 September, 2011 in the eastern North Pacific (north of 40°N, south of the Alaskan Peninsula, between
170°W and 150°W) using the Japanese Research Vessel Yushin-Maru No.3. The cruise was organized as a joint project between the IWC
and Japan. The cruise plan was endorsed at the 62nd IWC/SC meeting. Researchers from Japan and the US participated in the survey.
The cruise had five main objectives: (a) provide information for the proposed future in-depth assessment of sei whales in terms of bothabundance and stock structure; (b) provide information relevant to Implementation Reviews of whales (e.g. common minke whales) interms of both abundance and stock structure; (c) provide baseline information on distribution and abundance for a poorly known area forseveral large whale species/populations, including those that were known to have been depleted in the past, but whose status is unclear;(d) provide biopsy samples and photo-identification photos to contribute to discussions of stock structure for several large whale
species/populations, including those that were known to have been depleted in the past but whose status is unclear; (e) provide essential
information for the intersessional workshop to plan for a medium-long term international programme in the North Pacific. The sighting
survey was conducted under the methods based on the guidelines of the IWC/SC and the predetermined transect lines were completed.
The survey effort was stratified into two zones: a northern stratum within the US Exclusive Economic Zone (US EEZ) and a southern
stratum south of the US EEZ. Survey coverage was 58% in the northern stratum and 78% in the southern stratum. A total of 2,397.8
n.miles was surveyed in the research area in the Passing (NSP) with abeam closing (SSII) mode. Sightings of blue (10 schools / 10
individuals), fin (82/141), sei (58/95), common minke (2/2), humpback (76/133), sperm (95/119), killer (7/70), common dolphin(13/1,275), striped dolphin (2/55), Pacific white sided dolphin (9/373), northern right whale dolphin (5/290), Dall’s porpoise (83/352),
Mesoplodon spp. (7/26), Ziphiidae (14/23) and unidentified large whales (70/106) were made. Fin, humpback, sperm and sei whales werethe most frequently sighted species. Blue whales were sighted in both the northern and southern strata. Fin whales were widelydistributed in both strata. Sei whales were absent from the northern stratum and widely distributed in the southern stratum with someareas of concentration. Humpback whales were widely distributed in the northern stratum. Most sperm whales were solitary large males
and were mainly distributed in the southern stratum in some areas of concentration. Killer whales were seen only in the northern stratum.
Photo-identification data for 9 blue, 48 humpback, 27 sei and 18 killer whales were catalogued. A total of 48 biopsy samples from fastswimming whale species were successfully collected from 4 blue, 12 fin, 31 sei and 1 humpback whale using the Larsen-gun system.
Marine debris of 132 objects were recorded. The Estimated Angle and Distance Training Exercise and Experiment were completed as inprevious years. The planned sighting procedure was in accordance with the guideline agreed by the SC. As explained the objectives of thesurvey and its procedure to the vessel, the Captain, officers, crew and international researchers fully understood the objectives andmethods for operating the survey properly before starting the survey. The 2nd cruise of this program was completed and provided
information that various baleen whale species and other cetacean species were widely distributed in the research area where they weredepleted in the past. These results will contribute to the above objectives for the IWC/SC.

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Research objective
The cruise was organized as a joint project between the IWC and Japan (IWC, 2011a, 2011b and 2012; Matsuoka et al.,2011). The cruise plan was endorsed at the 62nd IWC/SC meeting. The cruise had five main objectives: (a) provide
information for the proposed future in-depth assessment of sei whales in terms of both abundance and stock structure; (b)provide information relevant to Implementation Reviews of whales (e.g. common minke whales) in terms of bothabundance and stock structure; (c) provide baseline information on distribution and abundance for a poorly known area
for several large whale species/populations, including those that were known to have been depleted in the past, but whose
status is unclear; (d) provide biopsy samples and photo-identification photos to contribute to discussions of stock
structure for several large whale species/populations, including those that were known to have been depleted in the past
but whose status is unclear; (e) provide essential information for the intersessional workshop to plan for a medium-longterm international programme in the North Pacific (IWC, 2012).
1.2 Research area, cruise track design and priority of the cruise
The research area was set north of 40°N, south of Aleutian Islands including US EEZ between 170°W-150°W (Figure1a). The survey area is divided into northern and southern stratum at the US EEZs. Outer limit of US EEZs is provided
by
NOAA
Officeof
Coast
Survey
and
the
data
are
availablefrom
http://www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/csdl/docs/GIS_EEZ_Alaska.zip. A random start point for survey tracks was used as1

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same as 2010 IWC-POWER cruise based on the IWC/SC survey guidelines (IWC, 2005). Every location within the study
area has an equal probability of being sampled which is calculated by the software “DISTANCE” (Thomas et al. 2010).
Figure 1b shows the cruise track design in the research area and Table 1a shows the planned waypoint (WP) for the predetermined trackline. Research hours during the cruise will be the same as on recent SOWER cruises. The research day
will begin 60 minutes after sunrise and end 60 minutes before sunset, with a maximum of a 12-hour research day. Timezone changes will be in 30-minute intervals, coming into effect at midnight. Primary search effort is only conducted in
acceptable weather conditions. The sighting survey will be conducted using Passing (NSP) with abeam closing mode
(SS-II) based on the discussions at the Tromso SC meeting, recommendation from the 2010 cruise and suggestions fromthe SC members. The usual guidelines for acceptable conditions will apply, i.e. visibility is greater than 2.0 n.miles andwind speed is <21 knots; the sea state should be <Beaufort 6 as same as previous cruise. Two primary observers engaged
the sighting survey from the barrel at all times in NSP mode (See Item 2 Survey Mode). Details of the sighting survey are
given in the “Information for researchers” (Anon. 2011a). In the case of sightings of very rare species (e. g. blue andright whales), the ship may conduct a direct approach to the location of the sighting if there is a possibility that the group
could be lost if closing were delayed. In the US EEZ, the research activities would be conducted under the ESA/MMPA
permit held by AFSC and that no additional permit was required. Sally Mizroch (US researcher on board) was listed as a
Co-Investigator on the AFSC permit.
As appropriate and decided by the Cruise Leader, research time was to be given for biopsy sampling of blue, right, North
Pacific sei, common minke, fin, humpback, and sperm whales (Bryde’s whales are unlikely to be seen north of 40°N),
with higher priority given to the former four species in this cruise using the Larsen-gun system. Biopsy of killer whales
will be attempted on an opportunistic basis. There are some discrepancies between Japan and the US in domestic legal
systems regarding CITES/international trade and therefore neither side could accommodate the other side’s requests
related to issuing CITES permits/certificates necessary for: 1) bringing biopsy samples to be taken in the US EEZ out
from there; and 2) bringing biopsy samples to be taken on the high seas into/out from the US EEZ. Consequently, there
was no choice but to refrain from biopsy sampling when the Yushin-Maru No.3 surveys within the US EEZ during thesurvey cruise as same as 2010 cruise. From view point of these permit issues, the Yushin-Maru No.3 will survey the US
EEZ first, and then (after completion of the survey within the US EEZ), she will survey the high sea area. Biopsy
sampling will be conducted on the high seas only after Yushin-Maru No.3 exits the US EEZ (i.e. no biopsy samples onboard Yushin-Maru No.3 at the time of exit of from the US EEZ).
Target species for photo-ID are blue, right and humpback whales. Photos of fin whales, sei whales, sperm whales andkiller whales may also be obtained opportunistically.
2. SHORT NARRATIVE OF THE CRUISE
The 2011 cruise itinerary
Date

Event

10 July 201111 July
21 July
31 August
8 September

Pre-cruise meeting
Researchers on board. Vessel depart Shimonoseki, Japan
Vessel arrives in the research area to the starting point at 170º00’W
Vessel completes the research at 170º00’W (42 days in the research area).
Vessel arrives Hakodate, northern Japan (refuel, researchers got off)

Research vessel used
The Yushin-Maru No.3 (742GT) was engaged for this cruise instead of Kaiko-Maru (860.25GT) in 2010 cruise. Detail ofthe photo, specification and list of crew of the vessel is shown in Appendix A.
Scientists present and responsibilities
For the cruise, two researchers were selected by the steering group of this cruise, Koji Matsuoka (Cruise leader, Instituteof Cetacean Research, ICR, Japan), Sally Mizroch (photo-ID/biopsy, Alaskan Fisheries Science Center, AFSC, NOAA,
USA).
Koji Matsuoka (Japan) - Cruise Leader, sighting/photo-ID
Sally Mizroch (USA) –biopsy/photo-ID
Reserve : -Pre-cruise meeting2

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On 10 July, the pre-cruise meeting was held at the R/V Yushin-Maru No.3 (YS3) under Kato (Convenor of this cruise). In
the meeting, we discussed and confirmed on the priorities and strategies of the cruise based on the planning report (IWC,2012), as well as the SC63 report (IWC, 2011b). Meeting participants were: Kato (TUMSAT, Chair), Miyashita(NRIFSF), Matsuoka (ICR, cruise leader), Mizroch (US, AFSC, researcher), Komiya (Captain), Oide (Chief Engineer),
Iida (Chief Operater), Ohshima (Chief Officer), Ohmura (Bosun) and Noda (Kyodo-Senpaku). Report of this meeting
was distributed to the steering group after review by the Chair (Anon. 2011b). On 10 July, all researchers and equipment
were on board the YS3. One crossbow was provided by AFSC was brought to Japan by the US researcher.
Survey Mode
Activities aboard the ship are classified into two principal groups: On-effort and Off-effort. In the sightings survey
portion of the research, On-effort activities are times when full search effort is being executed and conditions (such as
weather and sea conditions) are within acceptable parameters to conduct research. Off-effort activities are all activities
that are not On-effort. All sightings recorded while the ship is On-effort are classified as Primary sightings. All othersightings are Secondary sightings. Sighting effort is conducted by the bosun and topmen from the barrel (crow's nest) andthe upper bridge where the helmsman, captain or officer-on-watch, researchers, and the chief engineer or deputy are alsopresent. Passing with abeam closing (SS-II) Mode was used in this cruise. This is in effect Passing Mode. Two topmen
are observing from the barrel at all times. There is open communication between the upper bridge and the barrel. The
observers on the upper bridge should communicate with the topmen only to clarify information and should not direct thetopmen to disrupt their normal search procedure unless directed to do so by the Cruise Leader (Anon. 2011a).
Immediately after a sighting is made from the barrel, the topman informs the upper bridge of his estimate of the distanceand angle to the sighting (and also, if possible, the species and number of animals present), but does not change hisnormal searching pattern in order to keep contact with the sighting. The observers on the upper bridge must attempt tolocate the sighting made by the topman and decide whether it is possible for them to confirm the species and number
before the sighting passes abeam of the vessel. The topman gives no further information to the upper bridge unless thewhale group happens to surface again within the normal searching pattern of the topman. A designated researcher on theupper bridge records the species and estimated number of whales in the school when the sighting passes abeam of thevessel, in consultation with other researchers. When the sighting passes abeam of the vessel, the ship then changes course
to the appropriate heading to approach the whale, and vessel speed is increased to 15 knots to hasten the closure. Ship
speed is decreased when the group is neared, usually at a distance of 0.2-0.4 n.miles from the initial sighting position.
After the whale group has been approached, the species, number of animals in the group, estimated lengths, number ofcalves present, and behaviour are determined and recorded. After as many data as possible have been collected, otheractivities might take place, such as natural marking or biopsy experiments. Until the ship resumes the transect with fullsearch effort, any whale sightings made after the initial sighting are classified as secondary sightings (Anon. 2011a).
Weather conditions and expected versus realised effort
In the northern stratum, there were some poor weather conditions (heavy winds or poor visibility) in the research area
due to a strong low pressure system moving eastwards, especially in the western side of the northern stratum. On thecontrary, weather conditions of the southern part of the southern stratum was good. Survey coverage was 58% in thenorthern stratum and 78% in the southern stratum. A total of 2,397.8 n.miles was surveyed in the research area in the
Passing (NSP) with abeam closing (SSII) mode.

3. SUMMARY OF SIGHTINGS
3.1 Identification of species
The following guidelines based on the IWC-SOWER (Southern Ocean Whale and Ecosystem Research) and IWCPOWER cruises were used for classification of identification (Anon, 2011a):
Positive identification of species was based on multiple cues and usually required the clear observation of the whale's
body. Occasionally, repeated observations of the shape of the blow, surfacing and other behavioural patterns were alsosufficient; this judgement was made only by the Senior Scientist or other designated researcher. Probable identificationof species was based on multiple cues, which are nevertheless insufficient to be absolutely confident in identification.
This usually occurs when blows are seen, the surfacing pattern is correct, but the whale's body cannot be seen or clearlyseen.
3.2 Determination of group size
The following guidelines were used in determining group size: Schools where the number of animals, or an accurate
estimated range of the number of animals, is determined are classified as confirmed schools. The data from the confirmed
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schools are used in the analysis to determine a mean school size. Therefore it is critical that the schools that are
confirmed are representative in size of the schools that are in the survey area. Normally, schools believed to be confirmed
for school size are approached to within 1n.mile for large whales and to within 0.3 n.miles for minke whales. Obviously,
there are differences in the environmental conditions and behavior of the animals for every sighting; however, (withparticular reference to minke whale sightings) every effort should be made to be as consistent as possible in regard to the
maximum time spent on identification of species and confirmation of numbers. Normally, if the sighting is thought to beminke whales, no more than 20 minutes (after closure has been completed) should be spent trying to complete these tasks.
(Otherwise there is the potential for confusion with other sightings in the vicinity).
3.3 Sighting summary in the research area
Tabulations of all searching effort and the sightings recorded in the northern and southern strata, by species and by effort
mode are presented in Tables 1b, 2 and 3, respectively. List of all the sightings recorded in the research area, by species
and by effort mode are presented in Table 4. Figure 2 illustrates the location of the searching effort. Figures 3a-3f
illustrates the location of the sightings. Tables 5-6 lists the sightings observed during transits to and from the researcharea. Table 7 summarizes all the sightings observed during the entire cruise. Table 8 shows the sea surface temperatures(min. max. and range) for each species sighted in the research area. No sei whales were seen in the northern stratum andonly two humpback whales were seen in the southern stratum. Figure 4 shows the breakdown of research time, in
minutes with the strata of the research area.
Northern stratum (US EEZ)
Large whales species encountered within the northern stratum included one blue whale (photo-identified), 47 schools of
fin whales (91 individual whales including 3 calves), one common minke whale, 74 schools of humpback whales (131individuals including one calf, 47 photo-identified), 6 schools of sperm whales (10 individuals) and 6 killer whale pods
(66 individuals including 2 calves, 18 individuals photo-identified from 5 different pods).
Survey coverage in the northern stratum varied by area. Survey effort was hampered on legs 1 and 2 because of highwinds and heavy fog. On 22 July, the YS3 conducted a full survey day on effort and encountered a number of humpback
whales including one mother and calf on the Aleutian Trench between latitudes 51˚00’N and 52˚20’N. A solitary blue
whale was also sighted (51˚52’N 167˚24’W, sea temperature 9.5oC) in this area. The blue whale and humpback whales
were documented for photo-identification. Left and right dorsal fin photographs were obtained for the blue whale and tailflukes photographs and dorsal fin photos were obtained for 5 of the 7 humpback whales encountered.
From 25 to 27 July, the YS3 surveyed offshore area on the cruise track around boundary of the USEEZ, under the heavy
fog intervals. Fin, humpback, sperm and killer whales were sighted and a number of photo-identification photographs
were collected. High density areas of fin (8 schools and 16 individuals) were observed in the northern part of our transit
around the west end of Kodiak and humpback (8 schools and 13 individuals) whales were observed off shore Alitak Bay.
One solitary common minke whale was sighted west of Tugidak Island. On 31 July, the YS3 completed the detour
around the Kodiak Islands and re-started the survey at WP109 (56˚56’N 153˚20’W) just south of Tugidak Island. Veryhigh densities of humpback whales (31 schools and 72 individuals) were observed south of Tugidak Island within 7-10
miles of the coast. We observed a large feeding aggregation (shoal) and found that the changes in group composition
made it hard to estimate group size for line transect surveys. Prey was observed on the sounder and the depth in this area
was about 60 meters. Even higher densities (perhaps more than 40 individuals) were observed around WP109 on thecruise track around the Albatross bank southern coastal of Kodiak Island and we continued to survey those humpback
whales in passing mode. While heading south toward WP110, a dead humpback whale (fairly fresh) was observed andphotographed.
On 1 August, the YS3 surveyed the offshore area on the cruise track around the boundary of the USEEZ, under heavy
fog intervals and completed the northern stratum (USEEZ). During the day, fin (2 schools 2 animals) and sperm (4schools 8 animals) whales were sighted around the Marchand seamount (around 53˚N on the cruise track). The YS3
departed the USEEZ at 21:34 (53˚57’N 150˚12’W) on 1 AugustSouthern stratum
Large whales species encountered in the survey area south of the US EEZ included 8 schools of blue whales (8 individual
whales 8 photo-identified, 4 biopsy samples), 33 schools of fin whale (48 individual whales, 25 photo-identified, 12
biopsy samples), 38 schools of sei whales (73 individual whales, 27 photo-identified, 31 biopsy samples), one common
minke whale, 2 schools of humpback whales (2 individual whales, 2 photo-identified, 1 biopsy sample), and 51 schoolsof sperm whales (64 individual whales).
On 2 August, the YS3 started survey effort in the southern stratum at WP201 (53˚18’N 150˚00’W). From 2 to 4 August,a solitary blue (3 schools 3 animals), fin (5 schools 9 animals) and humpback (1 school 1 animal) whales were observed
around the Gilbert seamount and the Woodworth seamount around WP201. On 5 August in the morning, the distance and4

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angle estimation experiment was successfully completed under good visibility condition. On 6 and 7 August, the YS3
encountered heavy fog and rain under the TD off effort steaming. One common minke and one fin whale were sighted
while off effort.
On 8 and 9 August, the YS3 surveyed along the westernmost trackline of the southern stratum under heavy fog intervals.
During on effort searching, fin whales (4 school / 5 animals) were sighted but there was no chance to collect biopsy
samples. From 10 to 14 August, the YS3 continued the southward survey under good weather conditions. During thesedays, fin (4/5) and sei (4/7) whales were sighted and biopsy samples were collected from 3 fin whales and 3 sei whales.
On 13 August, the YS3 turned to the northward survey at WP204 (40˚00’N 156˚55’W). Sperm whale, Ziphiidae,
Mesoplodon spp., and mixed schools of common and striped dolphins were sighted in this region. There were no baleen
whale sightings from south of 42˚N. On 14 August, the YS3 encountered a section of the trackline with a number ofsightings of Ziphiidae, multiple groups of sperm whales and a mixed school of common and striped dolphins (at approx.
42˚30’N, 158˚ 40‘W). As we transited further north (north of 43˚ 30’N), we encountered 2 separate fin whales andbiopsied one individual.
On 15 August, the YS3 surveyed along the northwest trackline of the southern stratum under good weather condition.
During on effort searching, a solitary blue whale was sighted (sea temperatures was 21.5˚C) and biopsy sampled andphotographed. No survey was conducted on 16 August due to heavy fog. On 17 August, two solitary sei whales (seatemperatures were 18.2˚C and 18.7˚C, respectively) and a solitary fin whale (sea temperature was 18.2˚C) were sighted
and biopsy sampled. On 18 August, YS3 encountered a high density area of fin (4/10) and sei (10/17) whales under good
weather conditions. Biopsy samples were collected from 2 fin whales and 13 sei whales, including a mother and calf. No
survey was conducted from 19 to 21 August due to heavy fog, high seas and high winds.
On 22 August, the YS3 surveyed along the northwest trackline of the southern stratum under good weather condition.
During on-effort searching, 2 schools (2 individuals) of fin whales and 3 schools (11 individuals) of sei whales weresighted and biopsy sampled (2 fin and 4 sei). On 23 August, YS3 completed the northwest trackline and started the third(final) trackline (southwest) at WP207 (50˚28’N, 164˚37’W). 2 schools (3 individuals) of fin whales and 8 schools (21individuals) of sei whales were sighted and biopsy sampled (3 sei). On 24 and 25 August, the YS3 surveyed under good
weather condition. 3 schools (4 individuals) of fin whales, 6 schools (8 individuals) of sei whales and a solitary
humpback whale were sighted and biopsy sampled (2 fin, 4 sei and 1 humpback). We obtained tail flukes and right dorsal
fin photos of the humpback whale, as well as a biopsy sample. On 26 August, the YS3 surveyed under high windcondition and observed 1 group of fin whales (2 individuals), a solitary sei whale and 7 solitary sperm whales. We
approached and biopsy sampled a mixed group of fin and sei whales (1 fin and 1 sei). No survey was conducted on 27
August due to high winds (over 30 knots). On 28 August, the YS3 surveyed under good weather conditions. A solitary
blue whale and 2 groups (4 individuals) of sei whales were sighted. One group of sei whales included a mother and calf
and the calf was biopsied sampled. We photographed the right lateral and dorsal fin of the blue whale.
Detailed sightings by each species as follows:Blue whale
A total of 10 groups (10 individuals) of blue whales were observed in the entire cruise including a solitary blue whale
during the transit survey from research area to Hakodate (Figure 3a). Sea temperatures ranged from 9.5˚C to 21.5˚C. All
blue whales sighted were solitary. Blue whales were sighted in the first section of the northern stratum, and then again in
all sectors of the southern stratum.
Blue whales are rarely seen in the North Pacific. The sightings data, biopsy samples and photo-identification datacollected during this cruise will allow researchers to begin to assess abundance and study stock structure and movementsof this species.
Fin whale
Fin whales were the most frequently encountered baleen whale species in the research area. The fin whales were widelydistributed in the northern and southern strata and there were some concentrated areas in near western side of the Kodiak
Island. A total of 80 schools (139 individuals including 4 calves) of fin whales were observed in the research area (Figure2b). Sea temperatures ranged from 8.9˚C to 22.6˚C. Biopsy samples were obtained from 12 fin whales, including one calf.
Fin whales were observed as we headed north (14 schools and 32 individuals) past the Semidi Islands and Chirikof Islandon the way to the west side of Kodiak Island. High density areas of fin whales were observed (16 schools and 31
individuals) around the western side of the Shelikof Strait. High density areas of fin (8 schools and 16 individuals) wereobserved in the northern part of our transit around the west end of Kodiak (Figure 3a).
Fin whale group sizes varied by strata: in the northern stratum, 43% (20 sightings) of fin whales were seen in groups of
one and 34% (16 sightings) were seen in groups of two. In the southern stratum, 73% (24 sightings) of fin whales wereseen in groups of 1 and 18% (6 sightings) were seen in groups of 2.

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SC/64/IA5Sei whale
Although sei whales were the third most frequently encountered baleen whale species in the research area, all sei whalesightings were in the southern stratum. A total of 38 schools (73 individuals, including 2 calves) of sei whales wereobserved (Figure 3b). Biopsy samples were obtained from 31 individuals, including a mother/calf pair and a calf (themother could not be sampled due to time constraints). Sei whales were seen mostly in groups of one (62%, 36 sightings)
and groups of two (24%, 24 sightings). Sea temperatures ranged from 11.4 C to 22.4˚C.
Mixed groups of fin and sei whales
We encountered 5 different mixed groups of fin and sei whales (whales in close association surfacing in near synchrony).
In the first two encounters (on 18 and 22 August), the groups were composed of one sei whale and one fin whale. We
obtained a biopsy sample from the sei whale on 18 August (sample 11040120) and a biopsy sample from both the fin andthe sei whale on 22 August (samples 11041029 and 11051030). In the next encounter (23 August), the group wascomposed of four sei whales and one fin whale and we were not able to obtain any biopsy samples from this group. In thenext encounter (23 August), the group was composed of four sei whales and two fin whales and we obtained a biopsy
sample from one of the sei whales. In the last encounter (26 August), the group was composed of one sei whale and two
fin whales and we obtained a biopsy sample from one of the fin whales (11051043) and from the sei whale (11040144).
Common minke whale
A total of 2 schools (2 individuals) of common minke whales were observed. One solitary common minke whale wassighted near Kodiak Island west of Tugidak Island in the northern stratum and the other in the southern stratum on thewesternmost leg as we transited toward waypoint 109 (Figure 3a). Minke whales were observed at sea temperature from
8.6˚C to 12.7˚C Because of difficulty in seeing their blow and small body, observations of this species were moredifficult than in Antarctic waters. Common minke whales are hard to find within harsh sea surface conditions because
their blows are not visible. In this survey, the Beaufort scale sea states were 4-5 in general. It is assumed that the sea
condition was inadequate for common minke whale sightings.
Humpback whale
Humpback whales were the second most frequently encountered baleen whale species in the research area, but almost allof the sightings (all but two) were in the northern stratum. A total of 76 schools (133 individuals and one calf) were seenin the research area. Sea temperatures ranged from 8.2˚C to 13.7˚C. Humpback whales were seen in groups of 1 (61%,46 sightings) and groups of two (20%, 15 sightings). The two sightings in the southern stratum were of solitary
individuals. We obtained tail flukes photographs from both whales and a biopsy sample from the second whale. The
humpback whale data collected on the cruise has already provided some information on humpback whale movements.
Preliminary photo-identification analyses have shown that at least two of the humpback whales photographed in offshore
waters of the US EEZ have prior sighting histories in offshore and mainland waters of Mexico.
A high density area of humpback whales was observed around Sirius seamount and Putnam seamount around waypoint
105 (51˚26’N 159˚42’W) (Figure 3b), as well as south of the Semidi Islands as we transited north toward waypoint 106.
Numerous fish balls (dense concentrations of fish seen near the surface) were observed in that area and humpback whales
were seen diving below and surfacing through fish balls. Humpback whales (8 schools and 13 individuals) whales wereobserved off shore Alitak Bay. Humpback whales were observed as we completed the detour around the Kodiak Islands
and re-started the survey at WP109 (56˚56’N 153˚20’W) just south of Tugidak Island. Very high densities of humpback
whales (31 schools and 72 individuals) were observed south of Tugidak Island within 7-10 miles of the coast. We
observed a large feeding aggregation (shoal) and found that the changes in group composition made it hard to estimategroup size for line transect surveys. Prey was observed on the sounder and the depth in this area was about 60 meters.
Even higher densities (perhaps more than 40 individuals) were observed around WP109 on the cruise track around theAlbatross bank southern coastal of Kodiak Island and we continued to survey those humpback whales in passing mode.
While heading south toward WP110, a dead humpback whale (fairly fresh) was observed and photographed.
Sperm whale
A total of 57 sperm whale schools (74 individuals) were seen in the research area (sea temperature ranged from 9.1˚C to
24.7˚C) Sperm whales were the most frequently encountered toothed whale species in the research area (Figure 3c). Most
sperm whales were solitary large males (97% of the schools) and were mainly distributed in the southern stratum in someconcentrated areas. The concentration of sperm whales were observed on 12 August (10 schools 10 individuals) between
44 00'N and 45 07'N, 173 45'E and 175 00'E where the sea temperature ranged from 12.2˚C to 14.6˚C.
Ziphiidae and Mesoplodon spp.
A total of 12 schools (20 individuals) of Ziphiidae were observed in the research area (sea temperature ranged from 8.7˚C
to 24.3˚C). A total of 6 schools (22 individuals) of Mesoplodon species were observed in the research area (seatemperature were from 9.4˚C to 24.7˚C). They were widely distributed throughout the research area (Figure 3d).
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Killer whale
A total of 6 pods (66 individuals) of killer whales were observed in the research area (sea temperatures ranged from
9.4˚C to 11.6˚C) (Figure 3d). All killer whale sightings were in the northern stratrum. Photo-identification data werecollected from 5 of the 6 pods observed and at least 18 individual killer whales were cataloged. Calves were observed
and photo-identified in two different pods. .
Other species
Sightings of dolphin species such as short-beaked common dolphin (17 schools 1,196 individuals, mean school size was70.3), Pacific white-sided dolphin (20 schools 1,341 individuals, mean school size was 67.1), Northern right whale
dolphin (6 schools 750 individuals, mean school size was 125.0), Dall’s porpoise (71 schools 391 individuals, including
Unidentified type, mean school size was 5.5) were made. Dall’s porpoise were the most frequently encountered dolphin
species. This species was sighted throughout the research area. Pacific white-sided dolphins and Northern right whale
dolphins were often observed in mixed schools.
A dolphin species spatial segregation was clearly observed (Figures 3e and 3f). Only short-beaked common dolphinswere observed in the southern part of the survey area dominated by warm water. Conversely, Northern right whale
dolphins, Pacific white sided dolphins and Dall’s porpoise were observed in the northern part. Anomalous color patternsof Pacific white sided dolphins were occasionally observed during the survey. A very pale common dolphin and a darkcolor morph common dolphin were observed on 8 August (sighting no.004) at position 41 30'N 178 24'E in the southern
stratum.
3.2 In transit
Sighting surveys were conducted during transit to and from the research area between 12 July (06:00) and 21 July
(10:00) from Shimonoseki to research area and between 31 August (11:00) and 5 September (16:40) from research area
to Hakodate (Table 1b). Sightings recorded in these transits sighting surveys, by species and by effort mode are presented
in Tables 5 and 6, respectively.

4. BIOPSY SAMPLING
Biopsy sampling was attempted as often as possible in the southern stratum (Table 10). Biopsy samples were collectedfrom 48 whales during 43 encounters (sightings). The minimum time to collect a biopsy sample was 4 minutes from thetime when Larsen gun was set up on the bow deck to the time we got the sample. The maximum on-deck time to collect asample was 1 hour, 46 minutes. Median sampling time was 19 minutes and 75% of our samples were collected within 35
minutes of setting up on deck (quartile 1: 13:07 minutes, quartile 2: 19:05 minutes, quartile 3: 35:24 minutes, quartile 4:
1:46:26, see Figure 5). For our 18 unsuccessful attempts, our minimum time on deck was 9 minutes, maximum 1 hour 12
minutes, median time was 27 minutes and 75% of our attempts took 42 minutes or less (Figure 5).
5. PHOTO-IDENTIFICATIONIn the northern stratum, where biopsy sampling was not permitted, photo-identification data were collected for all blue
whales and almost all humpback whales. Near Kodiak, a couple of dense aggregation of humpbacks were observed. We
attempted photo ID in one and had to ignore the other.
In the southern stratum, photo-identification data were obtained opportunistically on blue whales as we attempted tobiopsy them and opportunistically on fin and sei whales during biopsy attempts. We were able to obtain photoidentificaton data from both humpback whales we encountered in the southern stratum, the first as we attempted tobiopsy the whale (unsuccessfully) and the second before we started our approaches for biopsy sampling.
Aside from a couple of close approaches early in our surveys of the northern stratum as we were calibrating our approach
distances, most whales had no reactions to our photo-ID approaches. Because we were shooting using the RAW setting
on our cameras and were using good, image-stabilized zoom telephoto lenses, we found that we could shoot at greater
distances and still obtain good photos.
YS3 Whale ID numbers have been assigned to blue, humpback and sei whales. Biopsy sample numbers have been added
to the whale ID numbers when a sampled whale was photo-identified. Temporary pod ID numbers have been assigned tokiller whales. The fin whale photo data have been evaluated for photo-ID but not catalogued yet, so the fin whale ID
numbers contain the biopsy sample number and an uppercase “X” in place of the catalogue number (Table 11).

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SC/64/IA5
6. VIDEO-RECORDING
No video recording was conducted in this cruise.
7. OTHER EXPERIMENTS
Estimated Angle and Distance Training Exercise
The Estimated Angle and Distance Training Exercise was conducted in the afternoon of 11 July for 1.95 hours. During
the exercise the observers familiarized themselves with distance estimates from the TOP and Upper Bridge.
Estimated Angle and Distance Experiment
The Estimated Angle and Distance Experiment was conducted on 12 July for 4.08 hours. An Estimated Angle andDistance Training Exercise and Estimated Angle and Distance Experiment was performed using the same protocol as
during recent cruises (Anon. 2010b).
Marine debris observation
Marine debris is an element of concern in all marine environments and could have an impact on the total ecosystem.
During this cruise, we collected data on floating marine debris (mainly artificial materials which listed in the researchmanual, Anon, 2010b) to observe the type and extent of the marine debris in the North Pacific. Marine debris of 133
materials were recorded which were encountered during the research area and during transit are shown in Tables 9a and9b.
We observed marine debris on 20 of 48 survey days. On 6 different days, we observed one item of debris each day. On
9 different days, we observed a range from 2-5 items. On four days, we transited areas which had very dense
concentrations of debris. On 16 July, we recorded 21 items as we travelled from 44° 4’ N 156° 46’ E to 44° 28’ N 158°
59’ E. On 13 August, we recorded 27 items from 40° 05’ N 156° 53’ W to 41° 49’ N 158° 09’ W. On 2 and 3
September, we recorded 31 items the first day (from 43° 03’ N 178° 25’ E to 43° 44’ N 168° 54’ E) and 13 items thenext day from 43° 36’ N 171° 48’ W to 43° 45’ N 170° 1’ E. Transit survey ended at 1300 on 3 September as wereached 170° E, so the debris numbers for 3 September represent only a partial day of surveys.
Note that in areas of high density of marine debris, it is impossible to record all items and also conduct the sighting
survey, so our records will under-represent the extent of the debris in dense areas. We would suggest exploringalternative methods of recording debris in high density areas.

7. TECHNICAL MATTERS OF DATA AND RECOMMENDATIONSPhotography
All photographs were shot using the RAW format, which provides the best image possible from a given camera. Bothresearchers used “image-stabilized” lenses which are highly recommended for shooting moving objects (fast-swimming
whales) from a moving object (fast traveling ship sometimes in heavy seas). Matsuoka photographed with a larger lens(100-400mm) and a standard camera. Mizroch photographed with a smaller lens (28-300) but used a camera with a fullframe sensor. Differences were noted during photo analysis. For medium shots and long distance shots in good lighting,the larger lens resulted in better focus. For long distance shots in poor lighting, the full-frame sensor provided better
detail even though the lens had a smaller range. It is recommended that all future photographs be shot using RAW
format, that researchers use long image-stabilized lenses (e.g., Canon 100-400, Nikon 80-400) and that researchers use
full-frame cameras.
All photographs were geotagged. Mizroch’s photographs were geotagged automatically using a GPS device attached tothe camera. Matsuoka’s photographs were geotagged each evening using the location data from the ship’s automateddata recording system and a geotagging software program (RoboGeo). The EXIF metadata fields in each image were
used
to
label
all
photographs
withaninformative
sighting
number(ImageDescription:
2011_POWER_YS3_20110731_23) and all catalogued photographs were labelled with a 2011 YS3 ID number and theidentifying part (e.g., LD for left dorsal).
Data forms
We attempted to collect photo-identification data as much as possible during surveys in the northern stratum and we also
attempted to collect photo-identification data opportunistically during every biopsy attempt. Mizroch photographed fromthe bow deck and Matsuoka photographed from the barrel and we were also able to document almost every single biopsy
hit. We collected photo-identification data during 86 sightings and recorded biopsy information during 71 sightings.

8

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We strongly suggest integrating the biopsy and natural markings data forms and note that they contain much of the same
information. We also suggest that they should be simplified. It should be sufficient to record the date, sighting number
and start and end time of the experiment as well as the sample number and the whale ID number. Latitude and longitude
are recorded by hand on the sighting sheets and electronically recorded at the time of each sighting and need not be
written again on an integrated biopsy/natural marking sheet. The integrated biopsy/natural markings form can easily belinked to the sightings form using date/sighting number and start/end times.

8. CONCLUSIONSThe 2nd annual IWC-POWER (as a successor to the IWC/IDCR-SOWER cruises since 1978/79 in the Antarctic) was
successfully conducted using the Japanese Research Vessel Yushin-Maru No.3. All equipments and the survey method
were same as the past IWC international sighting surveys. The planned sighting procedure was in accordance with theguideline agreed by the SC (IWC, 2005). As explained the objectives of the survey and its procedure to the vessel, theCaptain, officers, crew and international researchers fully understood the objectives and methods for operating the survey
properly before starting the survey. Sighting data was already sent to the IWC secretary and confirmed at 6th December
2011. The 2nd cruise of this program was completed and provided information (sightings and photo-ID data, and biopsy
samples) that various baleen whale species and other cetacean species were widely distributed in the research area where
they were depleted in the past. These results will contribute to the above objectives for the IWC/SC.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We acknowledge the Governments of the US and Japan for their assistance in the research permit and funding for thiscruise. We also thank the Captain and his officers and crew of the Yushin-Maru No.3 for their hard work and dedication,
which led to the successful execution of this cruise. We acknowledge Greg Donovan and Bernard Lynch of theSecretariat of the IWC, the steering group of this cruise (Hidehiro Kato (Convener), Mark Bravington, Robert Brownell,
Phillip Clapham, Paul Ensor, Tomio Miyashita, Hiroto Murase, Luis Pastene, An Rock and Lars Walloe), and the staff of
The Institute of Cetacean Research (Tokyo) and Kyodo Senpaku Co. LTD. for their assistance in arrangements andsupport for the cruise. The National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries (Yokohama) loaned equipment for the cruise,
including video camera and items for biopsy processing and storage. The US Alaskan Fisheries Science Center (AFSC)
also loaned camera and compound crossbow for the experiments. Quartermasters K. Sugiyama and H. Honma assistedwith collection of biopsy samples.
REFERENCE
Anon. 2011a. 2011 IWC-POWER Information for Researchers. 54pp. Available from the IWC Secretariat.
Anon. 2011b. Report of the pre-cruise meeting for the 2011 IWC-POWER. 8pp. Available from the IWC Secretariat.
IWC. 2005. Report of the Scientific Committee. Annex D. Report of the sub-committee on the Revised Management
Procedure. Appendix 3. Requirements and Guidelines for Conducting Surveys and Analysing Data within the Revised
Management Scheme. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. (Suppl.) 7:92-101.
IWC. 2011a. Report of the Intersessional Meeting on the North Pacific Survey Programme. Tokyo 27-28 September
2009. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. (Suppl.) 12:415-420.
IWC, 2011b. Report of the Scientific Committee. IWC/63/AnnexG.
IWC. 2012. Report of the Planning Meeting for the 2012 IWC-POWER Cruise. Tokyo 29-30 September 2011. J.
Cetacean Res. Manage. (Suppl.) 13:xxx-xxx. (12pp).
Kato, H., An, Y.R, Bravington, M., Brownell, B., Clapham, P., Donovan, G., Ensor, P., Matsuoka, K., Miyashita,,
Murase, and Walløe. 2011. Research plan for the 2012 IWC / Japan Joint Cetacean Sighting Survey Cruise in the
North Pacific. SC/63/O7. 12pp.
Matsuoka, K, Hakala, S., Kim, H.W., Aki, M. and Shinyasiki,Y. 2011. 2010 IWC/Japan Joint Cetacean Sighting Survey
Cruise in the North Pacific. 40pp.
Thomas, L., S.T. Buckland, E.A. Rexstad, J. L. Laake, S. Strindberg, S. L. Hedley, J. R.B. Bishop, T. A. Marques, and K.
P. Burnham. 2010. Distance software: design and analysis of distance sampling surveys for estimating population size.
Journal of Applied Ecology 47: 5-14.

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Table 1a. List of the Way Point (WP) for the 2011 IWC- POWER Cruise.
Northern stratum

Southern stratum

WP

LatitudeLongitude

WP

LatitudeLongitude101

49˚28’N

170˚00’W

201

53˚18’N

150˚00’W

102

51˚51’N

167˚25’W202

48˚52’N

152˚30’W103

54˚13’N

164˚42’W203

44˚26’N154˚48’W

104

52˚50’N

162˚10’W

204

40˚00’N156˚55’W105

51˚26’N

159˚42’W205

43˚30’N

159˚20’W106

54˚42’N

157˚18’W206

46˚59’N

161˚53’W

107

57˚57’N154˚42’W207

50˚28’N164˚37’W108

57˚41’N154˚20’W

208

47˚21’N

166˚31’W

109

56˚56’N

153˚20’W209

44˚15’N

168˚18’W110

56˚08’N

152˚18’W210

41˚08’N

170˚00’W111

54˚18’N

150˚00’W

Table 1b. Summary of search effort (time and distance) and experimental time (hours) conducted during the 2011 IWCPOWER Cruise.

Photo-ID,
BiopsyEstimated angle
and distancetraining andexperiment

Start

End

NSP with abeamclosing (SSII)

Date

Date

Time

Dist.

Time

Time

Time

Time

(hours)(n.m.)(hours)(hours)12-Jul.

21-Jul.
39:16

467.3

0:00

0:00

6:00

10:00

21-Jul.

1-Aug.
62:23

723.8

11:11

2:09

144:21

1,674.0

32:47

3:48

19:45

232.7

0:00

0:00

265:46

3,097.8

46:27

3:57

Area

Shimonoseki to research area

Northern stratum
10:00

18:00

2-Aug.

31Aug.

Southern stratum

Research area to Hakodate

Total

6:00

11:00

31Aug.

5-Sep.

11:00

16:40

12-Jul5-Sep.

6:00

16:40

10

SC/64/IA5
Table 2. Number of sightings for all species observed in the northern stratum (US EEZ) by effort mode (NSP: Normal
Passing with abeam closing Mode; BX: Begin experiment; OE: Off effort). Parentheses indicate the number ofcalves observed.
SpeciesBlue whale
Fin whale
Common minke whale
Like minke whale
Humpback whale
Sperm whale
Ziphiidae
Mesoplodon spp.
Killer whale
Dalli-type Dall's porpoise
Truei-type Dall's porpoise
Unid. type Dall's porpoise
Unid. large whale
Unid. dolphin/porpoise
Unid. whale
Total

NSP

BX

Sch.
1
45
1
1
60
5
1

Ind
1
88
1
1
113
8
1

5
24
1
13
33
1
1
192

54
94
3
53
56
2
1
476

Sch.

4

OE
Ind.

4

2

2

6

6

Total

Sch.

Ind.

2

3

10
1

14
2

1
1
1
1

1
12
4
1

17

37

Sch.
1
47
1
1
74
6
1
1
6
25
2
13
35
1
1
215

Ind.
1
91(3)
1
1
131(1)
10
1
1
66(2)
98
4
53
58
2
1
519(6)

Table 3. Number of sightings for all species observed in the southern stratum by effort mode (NSP: Normal Passing withabeam closing Mode; BX: Begin experiment; OE: Off effort). Parentheses indicate the number of calvesobserved.
SpeciesBlue whale
Fin whale
Sei whale
Common minke whale
Like minke whale
Humpback whale
Sperm whale
Ziphiidae
Mesoplodon spp.
Common dolphin
Striped dolphin
Pacific white-sided dolphin
Northern right whale dolphin
Dalli-type Dall's porpoise
Truei-type Dall's porpoise
Unid. type Dall's porpoise
Unid. large whale
Unid. small whale
Unid. dolphin/porpoise
Unid. whale
Total

Sch.
8
30
37

NSP
Ind.
8
41
72

2
50
11
5
10
2
4
3
14
1
6
18
1
9
2
213

2
63
19
21
1,155
55
255
230
61
1
14
24
25
156
2
2,204

BX

OE

Total

Sch.

Ind.

Sch.

Ind.

1

5

2
1
1
1

2
1
1
1

1

1

3

78

1

5

6

41

3

8

1
3

5
5

6

19

18

134

11

Sch.
8
33
38
1
1
2
51
11
5
10
2
7
3
21
1
7
24
1
9
2
237

Ind.
8
48(1)
73(2)
1
1
2
64
19
21
1,155(100)
55(2)
333
230
107
1
19
37
25
156
2
2,357(105)SC/64/IA5
Table 4. Number of sightings for all species observed in the entire research area (northern and southern strata) by effort
mode (NSP: Normal Passing with abeam closing Mode; BX: Begin experiment; OE: Off effort). Parentheses
indicate the number of calves observed.
SpeciesBlue whale
Fin whale
Sei whale
Common minke whale
Like minke whale
Humpback whale
Sperm whale
Ziphiidae
Mesoplodon spp.
Killer whale
Common dolphin
Striped dolphin
Pacific white-sided dolphin
Northern right whale dolphin
Dalli-type Dall's porpoise
Truei-type Dall's porpoise
Unid. type Dall's porpoise
Unid. large whale
Unid. small whale
Unid. dolphin/porpoise
Unid. whale
Total

NSP
Sch.
Ind.
9
9
75
129
37
72
1
1
1
1
62
115
55
71
12
20
5
21
5
54
10
1,155
2
55
4
255
3
230
38
155
2
4
19
67
51
80
1
25
10
158
3
3
405
2,680

BX

OE

Total

Sch.

Ind.

Sch.

Ind.

1

5

4
1

4
1

4
1
1
1
10
1

5
1
1
1
14
2

1
1

1
12

3

78
45
1
5
5

171

1

5

5

10

7
1
1
3

12

25

35

Sch.
9
80
38
2
2
76
57
12
6
6
10
2
7
3
46
3
20
59
1
10
3
452

Ind.
9
139 (4)732 (2)2133 (1)7420
22
66 (2)
1,155 (100)55333 (2)
230
205
5
72
95
25
158
3
2,876

Table 5. Number of sightings for all species observed during transit to the research area from Shimonoseki by effort
mode (NSP: Normal Passing with abeam closing Mode; OE: Off effort). No calves were observed.
Species
Fin whale
Sperm whale
Ziphiidae
Mesoplodon spp.
Killer whale
Dalli-type Dall's porpoise
Unid. type Dall's porpoise
Unid. large whale
Total

Sch.
1
23
1
1

NSP
Ind.
1
23
2
4

6
7
1
40

25
25
1
81

12

OE

Total

Sch.

Ind.

1

4

1

4

Sch.
1
23
1
1
1
6
7
1
41

Ind.
1
23
2
4
4
25
25
1
85

SC/64/IA5
Table 6. Number of sightings for all species observed during transit to Hakodate from the research area by effort mode
(NSP: Normal Passing with abeam closing Mode; OE: Off effort). Parentheses indicate the number of calvesobserved.
NSP
Sch.
Ind.

SpeciesBlue whale
Fin whale
Sei whale
Sperm whale
Ziphiidae
Common dolphin
Pacific white-sided dolphin
Northern right whale dolphin
Unid. type Dall's porpoise
Unid. large whale
Unid. dolphin/porpoise
Total

1
20
15
1
1
2
2
1
10
2
55

OE

1
22
22
1
30
40
60
20
10
240
446

Total

Sch.
1

Ind.
1

2

90

3

91

Sch.
1
1
20
15
1
3
2
2
1
10
2
58

Ind.
1
1
22
22
1
120(7)
40
60
20
10
240
537

Table 7. Number of sightings for all species observed in 2011, including sighting during transit and in the research area,
by effort mode (NSP: Normal Passing with abeam closing Mode; BX: Begin experiment; OE: Off effort).
Parentheses indicate the number of calves observed.
SpeciesBlue whale
Fin whale
Sei whale
Common minke whale
Like minke whale
Humpback whale
Sperm whale
Ziphiidae
Mesoplodon spp.
Killer whale
Common dolphin
Striped dolphin
Pacific white-sided dolphin
Northern right whale dolphin
Dalli-type Dall's porpoise
Truei-type Dall's porpoise
Unid. type Dall's porpoise
Unid. large whale
Unid. small whale
Unid. dolphin/porpoise
Unid. whale
Total

Sch.
9
77
57
1
1
62
93
14
6
5
11
2
6
5
44
2
27
62
1
12
3
50

NSP
Ind.
9
131
94
1
1
115
116
23
25
54
1,185
55
295
290
180
4
112
91
25
398
3
3,207

BX

OE

Sch.

Ind.

1

5

4
1

4
1

Ind.
1
5
1
1
1
14
2

1
2
2

1
16
90

3

78
45
1
5
5

266

1

5

5

10

7
1
1
3

12

25

39

13

Total

Sch.
1
4
1
1
1
10
1

Sch.
10
82
58
2
2
76
95
14
7
7
13
2
9
5
52
3
28
70
1
12
3
551

Ind.
10
141 (4)95 (2)
2
2
133 (1)11923
26
70 (2)
1,275 (107)55 (2)
373
290
230
5
117
106
25
398
3
3,498

SC/64/IA5
Table 8. Sea surface temperatures (minimum, maximum and range) for each species sighted in the research area
SpeciesBlue whale
Fin whale
Sei whale
Common minke whale
Humpback whale
Sperm whale
Ziphiidae
Mesoplodon spp.
Killer whale
Common dolphin
Striped dolphin
Pacific white-sided dolphin
Northern right whale dolphin
Dalli-type Dall's porpoise
Truei-type Dall's porpoise
Unidentified type Dall's porpoise

Minimum
SST
9.5
8.9
11.4
8.6
8.2
9.1
8.7
9.6
9.4
18.6
22.3
13.3
16.7
7.9
8.8
9.6

Maximum
SST
21.5
22.6
22.4
12.7
13.7
24.7
24.3
24.7
11.6
24.7
24.7
17.7
17.7
17.2
16.5
16.4

Temperature
range
12
13.7
11
4.1
5.5
15.6
15.6
15.1
2.2
6.1
2.4
4.4
1
9.3
7.7
6.8

Table 9a. Summary of the marine debris.
Code
134
135
136
140
146
147
148
149
151
153
161
162
163
164
199

Marine Debris Code Definitions
Single fishing float
Clustered fishing floats (2-10 floats together)
Wood plank
Wood object, unidentified
Metal can, 250 or more litres
Styrofoam, unidentified
Styrofoam board, less than 1 square meter
Styrofoam board, 1-2 square meters
Styrofoam box (at least 2 sides)
Cardboard, less than 1 square meter
Plastic, unidentified
Plastic, less than 1 square meter
Plastic, 1-3 square meters
Plastic, greater than 3 square meters
Other

Count
59
13
13
10
1
4
1
4
1
1
1
2
4
1
18

Table 9b. Summary of sightings of unusual objects (marine debris code 199)
Code
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199

Notes
White refrigerator
Tire and rim
Tire and rim, encrusted with barnacles
Small overturned boat, skiff
Other, single tatami
Orange rope
Large gray fender (over 10 meters)
Flat thin floating object
Empty life jacket
Bright yellow thin floating material, approx. 1 meter2 large black rectangular objects, floating approx. a mile apart

14

Count
7
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

SC/64/IA5
Table 10. Summary of the biopsy experiment with accompanying photo-ID data. LD: Left dorsal; LL: Left lateral; RD: Right dorsal; RL: Right lateral

Common NameBlue whale
Blue whale
Blue whale
Blue whale
Blue whale
Blue whale
Blue whale
Blue whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale

Sighting Sighting Group
Number of
YS3WhaleID
Date
Numbersize whales sampled
02-Aug3
1
1
Blue_2_11061001
04-Aug1
10
Blue_304-Aug5
1
1
Blue_4_11061003
15-Aug1
1
1
Blue_5_11061010
28-Aug8
1
Blue_6
29-Aug3
1
0
Blue_730-Aug1
1
1
Blue_8_11061046
30-Aug3
1
Blue_902-Aug2
1
0
02-Aug5
1
0
04-Aug3
2
1
04-Aug
6
1
0
09-Aug1420014_Bp1, 014_Bp_2
09-Aug15
1
0
10-Aug1
1
0
10-Aug3
2
1
11-Aug1
1
0
12-Aug1
1
1
14-Aug17
1
0
14-Aug18
1
1
17-Aug4
1
1
Bp_X_11041013
18-Aug9
1
18-Aug13
3
1
Bp_X_11051018, 013_Bp_2,
013_Bp_3
18-Aug26
5
1
22-Aug2
1
1
22-Aug7
1
1
Bp_X_11051030
22-Aug7
1
1
Bp_X_11051030
23-Aug71
007_008_Bp_1
23-Aug71
007_008_Bp_1
23-Aug132012_013_Bp_1
23-Aug132012_013_Bp_1
24-Aug16
2
1
Bp_X_11051037 (calf)
25-Aug4
1
1
25-Aug8
1
26-Aug26-Aug

3
3

2
2

1
1

Bp_X_11051043
Bp_X_11051043

Sample Number Photo-ID result
11061001
11061003
11061010

11061046

11051002

11051004
11051008
11051009
11041013
11051018
11051026
11051027
11051030
11051030

LD, LL, RD, RL
LD, LL, RL, RD
LL
LL, RL, RD
RD, RL
LD, LL
LD,RD,RL
LD, LL, Back

2 shots, 2 hits
no chance to shoot2 shots
2 shots , 2 hits
no chance to shoot2 shots, no hits
2 shots, 2 hits
no chance to shootno chance to shootLD
no chance to shootLD
two shots
no chance to shootLD, RD
2 approaches, 3 shots, no hits
no chance to shootno chance to shootLD of biopsied whale
3 shots, 1 hit
LD
1 shot, no hits
2 shots, 1 hit
1 shot, no hits
2 shots, 2 hitsRD
2 shots, 2 hits
no chance to shootRD of biopsied whale, RD of others 2 shots, 2 hits

RD, LD
RD, LD
LD,RD
LD,RD
LD
LD

11051037
11051039

11051043
11051043

15

Biopsy Result

LD, RD
LD, RD

2 shots, 2 hits
2 shots, 1 hit
2 shots, 2 hits
2 shots, 2 hits
no chance to shootno chance to shootno shotsno shots
2 shots, 2 hits
2 shots, 2 hits
2 shots, no hits. Wave hit
second shot.
1 shot, 1 hit
1 shot, 1 hit

Encounter
Duration
0:17
0:30
0:06
0:49
1:22
0:56
0:53
0:43
0:15
0:14
0:12
0:49
0:28
0:09
0:42
0:25
0:25
0:14
0:13
0:12
0:33
0:30
0:10
0:04
0:18
0:35
0:35
0:16
0:16
0:33
0:33
0:08
0:35
0:40
0:13
0:13

SC/64/IA5
Common NameFin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Humpback whale
Humpback whale
Sei whale
Sei whale
Sei whale
Sei whale
Sei whale
Sei whale
Sei whale
Sei whale
Sei whale
Sei whale

Sighting Sighting Group
Number of
YS3WhaleID
Sample Number
Date
Numbersize whales sampled
29-Aug4
1
29-Aug6
1
29-Aug10
1
02-Aug4
10
Mn_47
24-Aug18
1
1
Mn_48_11071038
11071038
10-Aug4
2
1
Sei_X_11041005
11041005
11-Aug4
1
1
Sei_X_11041006
11041006
11-Aug621
Sei_1_11041007
11041007
17-Aug1
1
1
Sei_2_11041011
11041011
17-Aug3
1
1
Sei_3_11041012
11041012
18-Aug6
2
2
Sei_X_calf_11041014;Sei_X_ 1104101415
mother_11041015
18-Aug7
2
2
Sei_X_11041016,
1104101617
Sei_4_11041017
18-Aug16
1
1
Sei_5_11041019
11041019
18-Aug17
1
1
Sei_6_11041020
11041020
18-Aug19
1
1
Sei_7_11041021, Sei_8
11041021

Sei whale
Sei whale

18-Aug18-Aug

20
22

3
2

1
2

Sei_X_11041022

Sei whale
Sei whale
Sei whale
Sei whale
Sei whale
Sei whale
Sei whale

18-Aug18-Aug18-Aug22-Aug22-Aug22-Aug22-Aug

23
25
30
3
6
6
8

2
2
1
2
1
1
8

1
0
1
1
1
2

Sei whale
Sei whale
Sei whale

23-Aug23-Aug23-Aug

2
4
6

3
3
4

1
1
0

Sei_10_11041028
Sei_11_11041029
Sei_11_11041029
Sei_12_11041032, Sei_13,
Sei_14
Sei_15_11041033
Sei_16_11041034
Sei_17, Sei_18,Sei_19

Sei whale

23-Aug6

40

Sei_17, Sei_18,Sei_19

Sei whale
Sei whale

23-Aug23-Aug

9
12

2
4

0
1

Sei_20, Sei_21_11041035

11041035

Sei whale

23-Aug1241

Sei_20, Sei_21_11041035

11041035

Sei whale
Sei whale

24-Aug24-Aug

2
3

1
2

0
1

Sei_22_11041036, Sei_23

11041036

Sei whale

25-Aug

2

1

0

Sei_9
Sei_X_11041025

11041022
1104102324

11041025
11041028
11041029
11041029
1104103132
11041033
11041034

16

Photo-ID result

LD
Tail, LD
Tail, RD

RD of biopsied whale
LD, RDLD

LD, RD of Sei_4_11041017

Encounter
Durationno chance to shoot
0:45
no chance to shoot
0:28
no chance to shoot
0:47
2 shot, no hitss
0:40
4 shots, 2 hits
0:51
2 shots, 1 hit
1:12
5 shots, 2 hits
0:13
4 shots, 1 hit
0:12
2 shots, 1 hit
0:35
2 shots, 1 hit
0:14
calf: 2 shots, 1 hit; mother:2
0:21
shots, 2 hits
4 shots, 2 hits, maybe 2 whales
0:44
Biopsy ResultRD
2 shots, 1 hit
LD, RD
2 shots, 1 hit
LD, RD of the biopsied whale, LD 2 shots, 1 hitof a different whale
2 shots, 1 hit
whale 1: 1 shot, 1 hit; whale 2:
2 shots, 2 hits
LD, RD one whale
2 shots, no hits
2 shots, 2 hits
2 shots, no hits
LD, RD of biopsied whale
8 shots, 1 hit
RD, LD
4 shots, 2 hits
RD, LD
4 shots, 2 hits
LD of Sei_12_11041032, RD, LD 2 shots, 2 hitsof another whale, LD of another
LD of biopsied whale
1 shot, 1 hit
LD of biopsied whale
3 shots, 1 hit
RD of both whales, probably LD of 3 shots, no hits
Sei_18RD of both whales, probably LD of 3 shots, no hits
Sei_18no chance to shootLD of the biopsied whale plus one 1 shot, 1 hit
other
LD of the biopsied whale plus one 1 shot, 1 hit
otherno chance to shootLD, RD of biopsied whale, RD of 2 shots, 1 hit
otherno chance to shoot

0:04
0:12
0:27
0:11
0:13
0:15
0:07
1:12
1:46
0:35
0:35
0:19
0:32
0:47
0:16
0:16
0:44
0:33
0:33
0:20
0:28
0:09

SC/64/IA5
Common Name
Sei whale
Sei whale

Sighting Sighting Group
Number of
YS3WhaleID
Date
Numbersize whales sampled
25-Aug6
1
1
Sei_X_11041040
25-Aug722
Sei_24_11041041,
Sei_X_11041042

Encounter
Duration
3 shots, 1 hit
0:36
RD of first biopsied whale
3 shots, 3 hits (1 shot,
0:43(Sei_24_11041041), no ID for 2nd Sei_24_11041041 1; 2 shots,
whale
Sei_X_11041042)
1 shot, 1 hit
0:13
1 shot, 1 hit
0:13
no chance to shoot
0:15
LD, LL, RD,RL of
4 shots, 1 hit (1+1+2)
1:08
Sei_25_11041045 (calf), LD, RD,
and RL of Sei_26 ( mother), LD,
LL, RD of Sei_27
2 shots, 1 hit
0:14
2 shots, 1 hit
0:15
no chance to shoot
0:35

Sample Number Photo-ID result
11041040
1104104142

Sei whale
Sei whale
Sei whale
Sei whale

26-Aug26-Aug28-Aug28-Aug

2
2
2
4

1
1
1
3

1
1
0
1

Sei_X_11041044
Sei_X_11041044

11041044
11041044

Sei_25_11041045 (calf),
Sei_26, Sei_27

11041045

Sei whale
Sei whale
Unidentified large
whale

30-Aug30-Aug
10-Aug

6
7
6

1
1
1

1
1
0

Sei_X_11041047
Sei_X_11041048

11041047
11041048

17

Biopsy Result

SC/64/IA5
Table 11. Summary of the photo-identification experiment with accompanying photo-ID data. LD: Left dorsal; LL: Left lateral; RD: Right dorsal; RL: Right lateral. YS3
Whale ID numbers have been assigned to blue, humpback and sei whales. Biopsy sample numbers have been added to the whale ID numbers when a sampled whale
was photo-identified. Temporary pod ID numbers have been assigned to killer whales. The fin whale photo data have been evaluated for photo-ID but notcatalogued yet, so the fin whale ID numbers contain the biopsy sample number and an uppercase “X” in place of the catalogue number.

Blue whale
Blue whale
Blue whale
Blue whale
Blue whale
Blue whale
Blue whale
Blue whale
Blue whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale

22-Jul
02-Aug04-Aug04-Aug15-Aug28-Aug29-Aug30-Aug30-Aug16-Jul
28-Jul
28-Jul
28-Jul
28-Jul29-Jul29-Jul30-Jul
02-Aug09-Aug
10-Aug11-Aug17-Aug18-Aug

13
3
1
5
1
8
3
1
3
4
6
12
22
26
9
24
4
5
14
3
1
4
13

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
2
4
2
4
2
1
2
2
1
1
3

Number ofindividuals
photographed
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
3

Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale

22-Aug22-Aug23-Aug23-Aug23-Aug

7
7
7
7
13

1
1
1
1
2

1
1
1
1
1

Common Name

Sighting Sighting Group
Date Numbersize

YS3 Whale ID
Blue_1
Blue_2_11061001
Blue_3
Blue_4_11061003
Blue_5_11061010
Blue_6
Blue_7
Blue_8_11061046
Blue_9014_Bp1, 014_Bp_2

Bp_X_11041013
Bp_X_11051018, 013_Bp_2, 013_Bp_3
Bp_X_11051030
Bp_X_11051030
007_008_Bp_1
007_008_Bp_1
012_013_Bp_1
18

Photo-ID result
LD, RD
LD, LL, RD, RL
LD, LL, RL, RD
LL
LL, RL, RD
RD, RL
LD, LL
LD,RD,RL
LD, LL, Back
LD, RD, HeadRDLD
RD
RD of both whales
RD
RD
LD
LD
LD, RDLD of biopsied whale
LD
RD
RD of biopsied whale, RDof others
RD, LD
RD, LD
LD,RD
LD,RD
LD

Encounter
Duration
0:27
0:17
0:30
0:06
0:49
1:22
0:56
0:53
0:43
0:01
0:01
0:09
0:09
0:03
0:13
0:07
0:01
0:14
0:28
0:25
0:25
0:33
0:10
0:35
0:35
0:16
0:16
0:33

SC/64/IA5

Fin whale
Fin whale
Fin whale
Humpback whale
Humpback whale
Humpback whale
Humpback whale
Humpback whale
Humpback whale
Humpback whale

23-Aug26-Aug29-Aug22-Jul
22-Jul
22-Jul
22-Jul
22-Jul
22-Jul
22-Jul

13
3
10
2
5
6
8
10
11
15

2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2

Number ofindividuals
photographed
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2

Humpback whale

26-Jul322

Mn_9 and Mn_10

Humpback whale
Humpback whale
Humpback whale
Humpback whale
Humpback whale
Humpback whale
Humpback whale

26-Jul
26-Jul
26-Jul
26-Jul
26-Jul
26-Jul
26-Jul

4
5
6
7
9
10
12

1
1
1
1
1
1
3

1
1
1
1
1
1
3

Mn_11
Mn_12
Mn_13
Mn_14
Mn_15
Mn_16
Mn_17, Mn_18, Mn_19

Humpback whale
Humpback whale
Humpback whale
Humpback whale
Humpback whale
Humpback whale
Humpback whale
Humpback whale
Humpback whale
Humpback whale
Humpback whale
Humpback whale
Humpback whale

26-Jul
28-Jul
28-Jul29-Jul30-Jul30-Jul30-Jul30-Jul30-Jul
31-Jul
31-Jul
31-Jul
31-Jul

15
5
9
28
9
11
14
21
23
1
2
3
6

1
1
2
3
1
2
1
4
1
1
1
1
3

1
1
2
3
1
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
2

Mn_20
Mn_21
Mn_22 and Mn_23
Mn_24, Mn_25, Mn_26
Mn_27
Mn_28 and Mn_29
Mn_30
Mn_31, Mn_32, Mn_33
Mn_34
Mn_35
Mn_36
Mn_37
Mn_38, Mn_39

Common Name

Sighting Sighting Group
Date Numbersize

YS3 Whale ID
012_013_Bp_1
Bp_X_11051043
Mn_1
Mn_2
Mn_3
Mn_4
Mn_5
Mn_6
Mn_7 and Mn_8

19Photo-ID result
LD
LD, RDLD
Tail, LD, RD
LD, RDRD
Tail, RD
Tail, LD
Tail, LD, RD
LD, RD (Mn_7 and
Mn_8)
LD (Mn_9); LD, RD(Mn_10)Tail, LD
Tail, LD
Tail, LD, RD
LD
Tail, RD
Tail, LD
Tail, LD, RD (dorsals not
linked to tails)
TailLD, RDRD
Tail, RD
Tail, RD
Tail, LDRD
Tail, RD
Tail
Tail
Tail
Tail
Tail

Encounter
Duration
0:33
0:13
0:47
0:18
0:21
0:05
0:02
0:18
0:10
0:17
0:07
0:04
0:00
0:03
0:07
0:10
0:06
0:07
0:02
0:27
0:11
0:01
0:03
0:03
0:00
0:09
0:07
0:13
0:00
0:10
0:13

SC/64/IA5

Humpback whale
Humpback whale
Humpback whale

31-Jul
31-Jul
31-Jul

7
8
10

5
5
2

Number ofindividuals
photographed12
2

Humpback whale
Humpback whale
Humpback whale
Humpback whale
Killer whale
Killer whale
Killer whale

31-Jul
31-Jul
02-Aug24-Aug26-Jul
28-Jul
28-Jul

11
23
4
18
8
4
29

1
3
1
1
2
7
35

1
1
1
1
2
2
5

Killer whale

28-Jul36

55Killer whale

29-Jul20

5

5

Sei whale
Sei whale
Sei whale
Sei whale

11-Aug17-Aug17-Aug18-Aug

6
1
3
7

2
1
1
2

1
1
1
1

Sei whale
Sei whale
Sei whale

18-Aug18-Aug18-Aug

16
17
19

1
1
1

1
1
2

Sei whale
Sei whale
Sei whale
Sei whale
Sei whale

18-Aug22-Aug22-Aug22-Aug22-Aug

23
3
6
6
8

2
2
1
1
8

1
1
1
1
3

Sei whale

23-Aug2

3

1

Common Name

Sighting Sighting Group
Date Numbersize

YS3 Whale ID
Mn_40
Mn_41, Mn_42
Mn_43, Mn_44

Photo-ID result

Tail, RD
Tail, LD both, RD Mn_41
Tail (Mn_43), LD, RD
both, caudal peduncle
both
Mn_45
Tail
Mn_46
Tail, RD
Mn_47
Tail, LD
Mn_48_11071038
Tail, RD
008_KW_1 and 008_KW_2
RD of each
004_KW_1 and 004_KW_2
RD
029_KW_1,029_KW_2,029_KW_3,029_KW_4, LD, 1 RD
029_KW_5
036_KW_1,
3 LD, 2 RD
036_KW_2,036_KW_RD1,036_KW_RD2
020_KW_1,020_KW_2,020_KW_3(calf),020_K LD
W_4,020_KW_5 (mother)
Sei_1_11041007
RD of biopsied whale
Sei_2_11041011
LD, RD
Sei_3_11041012
LD
Sei_X_11041016, Sei_4_11041017
LD,
RD
of
Sei_4_11041017
Sei_5_11041019
RD
Sei_6_11041020
LD, RD
Sei_7_11041021, Sei_8
LD, RD of the biopsied
whale, LD of a different
whale
Sei_9
LD, RD one whale
Sei_10_11041028
LD, RD of biopsied whale
Sei_11_11041029
RD, LD
Sei_11_11041029
RD, LD
Sei_12_11041032, Sei_13, Sei_14
LD of Sei_12_11041032,
RD, LD of another whale,
LD of another
Sei_15_11041033
LD of biopsied whale
20

Encounter
Duration
0:13
0:02
0:18

0:05
0:18
0:40
0:51
0:06
0:14
0:16
0:07
0:15
0:12
0:35
0:14
0:44
0:04
0:12
0:27

0:15
1:46
0:35
0:35
0:19

0:32

SC/64/IA5Sei whale
Sei whale

23-Aug23-Aug4
6

3
4

Number ofindividuals
photographed
1
3

Sei whale

23-Aug6

4

3

Sei_17, Sei_18,Sei_19

Sei whale

23-Aug12

42

Sei_20, Sei_21_11041035

Sei whale

23-Aug12

42

Sei_20, Sei_21_11041035

Sei whale

24-Aug322

Sei_22_11041036, Sei_23

Sei whale

25-Aug72

1

Sei_24_11041041, Sei_X_11041042

Sei whale

28-Aug4

3

3

Sei_25_11041045 (calf), Sei_26, Sei_27

Common Name

Sighting Sighting Group
Date Numbersize

YS3 Whale ID
Sei_16_11041034
Sei_17, Sei_18,Sei_19

21

Photo-ID result
LD of biopsied whale
RD of both whales,
probably LD of Sei_18
RD of both whales,
probably LD of Sei_18
LD of the biopsied whale
plus one other
LD of the biopsied whale
plus one other
LD, RD of biopsied
whale, RD of other
RD of first biopsied whale(Sei_24_11041041), no
ID for 2nd whale
LD, LL, RD,RL of
Sei_25_11041045 (calf),
LD, RD, and RL of
Sei_26 ( mother), LD, LL,
RD of Sei_27

Encounter
Duration
0:47
0:16
0:16
0:33
0:33
0:28
0:43

1:08

SC/64/IA5

Figure 1a. Research area of the 2011 IWC-POWER cruise. The survey area is divided into northern and southern stratumat US EEZ line. Outer limit of US EEZ is provided by NOAA Office of Coast Survey and the data are available
from http://www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/csdl/docs/GIS_EEZ_Alaska.zip.

Figure 1b (left). The trackline design for this cruise (red line). The survey area is divided into northern and southern
stratum at USEEZ. Green line represents the boundaries for the US EEZs. The starting points of transect lines
within the study area were randomized following IWC/SC guidelines (Hammond and Donovan, 2004).
Figure 2 (right). The searching effort of the 2011 IWC-POWER cruise (black line).

22

SC/64/IA5

Figure 3a. Positions of blue (blue circle), fin (red diamond) and common minke (white circle) observed in the researcharea.

Figure 3b. Positions of sei (yellow square) and humpback (black triangle) whales observed in the research area.

23

SC/64/IA5

Figure 3c. Positions of sperm (brown square) and killer (black triangle) whales observed in the research area.

Figure 3d. Positions of Ziphiidae (black circle) and Mesoplodon spp.(white triangle) observed in the research area.

24

SC/64/IA5

Figure 3e. Positions of common dolphin (yellow circle), striped dolphin (blue triangle), Pacific white-sided dolphin (redtriangle) and Northern right whale dolphin (black square) observed in the research area.

Figure 3f. Positions of Dalli type Dall’s porpoise (green circle), Truei type Dall’s porpoise (red square) and unidentified
type Dall’s porpoise (black triangle) observed in the research area.

25

SC/64/IA5

Figure 4. Breakdown of research time, in minutes, by effort mode within the strata of the research area. Right side bar ineach mode indicates the northern stratum. BP: Passing mode searching, CO: Confirmation of school, PX: Photo-ID
experiment, TD: Top down steaming (off effort), TX: Biopsy experiment.

Figure 5. Biopsy encounter duration. Right side bar in each number of biopsy encounters indicates the “no sample”.

26

SC/64/IA5
Appendix A
Ship specifications and crew list of Yushin-Maru No.3.
Ship photo:

Ship specifications:
Yushin-Maru No.3
Call sign

7JCH

Length overall [m]69.61

Molded breadth [m]10.80Gross tonnage (GT)742

Barrel height [m]19.5

Upper bridge height [m]11.5

Bow height [m]6.5

Engine power [PS / kW]

5280 / 3900

Crew list:
Yushin-Maru No.3
Captain

H. Komiya

Chief Officer

T. Ohshima

Second Officer

R. Moriyama

Chief Engineer

A. OideFirst Engineer

T. Miura

Second Engineer

K. Kawamoto

Third Engineer

M.Masuya

Chief Operator

F. IidaSecond Operator

T. Koyanagi

Boatswain

T. Ohmura

Quartermaster

K. Sugiyama

Quartermaster

H. Honma

QuartermasterY. Sekine

Sailor

A. Tsuji

SailorK. Murakami

SailorT. Okita

Chief Steward

H. Hodokuma

Steward

M. Saito27