Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer. Vol. 25, No. 9, pp. 1267-1269, 1982
0 Pergamon Press Ltd. Printed I” Great Britain

DR CARL GAZLEY, JRON HIS 60~H BIRTHDAYANDRETIREMENTFROMTHE BOARD OF EDITORSLATE 1958,
Carl Gazley, Jr.and J. P. Hartnett wrote
to a few friends asking whether a new international
journal, devoted entirely to heat and mass transfer,might be appropriate. The response was encouraging.
Thus was born the International Journal of Heat andMass Transfer. Now after 24 years, Carl Gazley isretiring. This offers an occasion to note his contributions to the profession,
Carl and I were graduate students in the mid-1940s
at the University of Delaware. Previously Carl had
received his B.S. degree in 1943 at the University ofRochester. Then he worked on heat transfer as a
research chemical engineer in Cleveland at NACA
(later renamed NASA). He arrived at Delaware in 1945.
An extremely active research program was in place,headed by A. P. Colburn. Graduate students often
were thrown into whatever research problem happened to be most exciting or most urgent. It was not
unusual for a student to be significantly involved inthree or four projects before finally settling on aspecific thesis topic. Carl worked for a time with A. P.
INColburn and E. M. Schoenbom on heat transfer from aheated cylinder to flowing boiling water - a very
important problem with internal combusion engines.
He then worked on combustion and diffusion flames
with Kurt Wohl. Finally he worked on interfacial
shear in two-phase flow with 0. P. Bergelin. Carl coauthored papers on all these topics by the time hereceived his Ph.D. degree in chemical engineering in1948.
Dr. Gazley’s work on two-phase flow resulted in his
great admiration for R. C. Martinelli, whose pioneering work even today is regarded as classical. Martinelliat that time had joined the General Electric Company
so Carl also accepted a position at General Electricwhere he served 4 years doing heat transfer research
applied to aeronautical engineering. In 1952 he took aposition with the Rand Corporation where he continued until his recent retirement. His activities there
included investigations of heat and mass transfer
during atmospheric reentry,
hypersonic. -aerodynamics, and boundary layer characteristics, all im-1267

1268

DR CARL GAZLEY,JRportant to successful space vehicle launching andrecovery.
Dr. Gazley has a deep interest in the education ofyoung engineers. He was a Lecturer at the Universityof California, Los Angeles from 1956 to 1958 andProfessor in Residence there from 1966. He was avisiting Professor at Purdue University in 1970. He has
been very active in professional societies and is a valued

member of the AIChE, ASME, ACS and AIAA.
It is a pleasure to express gratitude to Carl, his wife
Joy, and their two children. May his retirement be ajoyous one.

MY EARLIEST~O~~~~~Swith Carl Gazley, Jr. came in themid-1950s when I tried to persuade him to return toGenera1 Electric. Instead, he convinced me that I
should join him at Rand.
The professional community is well aware of Carl’s
technical expertise. He has applied his knowledge ofheat transfer and fluid mechanics to many areas. In his
early years at Rand he did pioneering work on missile
re-entry and published a report that served as adefinitive treatise on the subject. His interests continued in the general area of hypersonic aerodynamics
and heat transfer. He did research and publishedoriginal work on meteor, missile and spacecraft reentry as well as work on boundary layer theory. As
many others contributed and the field developed hecontinued to be a leader.
As illustrated by his work on re-entry, Carl has
always been able to see the critical problems andchoose the important areas of research. He not only
worked in these areas himself but was instrumental in
helping others to choose and be supported in pertinent
research.
Carl Gazley was the leader at Rand in getting work
started in areas that were on the leading edge. He is akeen observer of the world about him and has thecourage to move off in new directions. Color vision andfundamental nerve mechanism research are examples.
Carl, himself, worked on the fluid mechanics of bloodflow and color vision, and stimulated other’s interests
in similar areas.
In any institution, there is a forma1 organization
chart that designates the official leaders. We all know
that, in most efforts, the real leaders may not berecognized from the chart. Carl was one of the realleaders at Rand. We all knew that we could always
count on Carl for good advice on which ideas wereworthwhile pursuing and for a good critique of ourresults.
Carl Gazley attracted the best young researchersand outstanding consultants to work in the areas heperceived, correctly, as important. Carl Gazley, whileinternationally recognized for his personal technicalcontributions, must also be recognized for the encouragement, support and leadership he has given toothers.
It is a delight to see that this issue of the International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer isdedicated to him. A more deserving person could nothave been found.

THE TOPIC of my first technical meeting at Rand in
the summer of 1956, a year before Sputnik, reflected
the technical level of Rand at that time : The Design of aHeat Shield for Recoverable Satellites. Carl Gazley
was the leader of that group and I remember being
impressed with the advanced subject of that meeting
and reflecting on the great potential for creative workthat existed at Rand. Carl had hired me as a summer
consultant prior to my year in Europe as a Fulbrightawardee. It was the auspicious beginning of a 15 year
collaboration in solving a broad variety of problems
ranging from re-entry vehicles and hypersonic flow toblood flow in the microcirculation. Carl was a leader in
the area of re-entry heat transfer and had authored
several papers on heat transfer on ablating surfaces.
His interest in astronomy and meteor re-entry provided strong scientific inputs to that work. He was also
keenly interested in color and the use of color as animage enhancement technique and, together with
Joseph Sheppard, pioneered work in the application ofthat technique for the interpretation of X-ray photographs. He showed a remarkable ability to isolate thekey elements in a problem. His later work in microcirculation was characteristic; he studied the blood flow
in a capillary using a simple but very informativemodel which is still widely used today.
Carl Gazley was my mentor at Rand for 15 years. He
provided guidance, support and psychological relaminarizationin turbulent times. His clarity ofthought and his ability to focus on the important
aspects of a scientific problem were models for my own
development as a scientist. I remember him most of all
as a gracious person and a good friend. In a scientificera dominated by high-pressure, hard-sell proposals,
accountants and research empire building, Carl Gazley is a member of a dwindling and perhaps endangered species: a gentleman and a scholar.

J. W. WESTWAT~R
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

DAVID J. MASON
Santa Monica, California

JOSEPHF. GROSS
University of Arizona, Tucson

DR CARL GAZLEY, JR1269

CARLGAZLEY,JR.‘s tenure at Rand spanned the 19%
the 1960s and the 1970s. During those three decades,
Carl was viewed by Rand as a special resource, a leaderand engineer of great soundness, depth and integrity.
Carl’s interests were wide ranging: heat and masstransfer, aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, astronomy,photography, bioengineering, optics, color discrimination, and medical imagery. Each of these interests
led to productive work.
Carl’s forte is a blend of analysis and communication ; analysis based on fundamental principles andphysical intuition, and communication based on colorful and lucid exposition. His pioneering studies of
meteoroid, rock, and spacecraft heat transfer andaerodynamics were essential reading to designers ofearly thermal protection systems. The hypersonics
course that Carl, Julian Cole, and Ed Williams taught
at UCLA exposed many practising aerospace engineers to problems of high speed gas dynamics and heattransfer for the first time.
During the 1960s Carl’s attention was increasingly
drawn to bioengineering, but he still played an activerole in heat transfer and fluid mechanics research.
During the 1970s his interest in boundary layertransition was rekindled, and he chaired and collaborated with an expert group of engineers fromindustry, government, and academe who sought todelay the onset of boundary layer turbulence in waterby such methods as body shaping, suction and surface
heating. It is with a certain vividness that I recall myfrequent visits to Carl’s office where he was meticulously correlating theoretical velocity profiles withexperimental data in order to understand the murkier
aspects of boundary layer transition.
I close these brief remarks on a personal note. Carl
Gazley was my mentor and colleague for nearly 20years, years of enormous change in the conduct ofengineering research. During those decades, I havenever encountered such an exemplary combination ofcharacter and ability.
Should Carl’s new life on the banks of the Sacramento river grow too placid, and the professional
challenges and tumult of Santa Monica appear alluring by contrast, we would all be delighted to again
benefit from the counsel and leadership of this remarkable man.

IN THEfall of 1958 Robert Maxwell of Pergamon Press
visited the Rand Corporation in Santa Monica where
he met Carl Gazley. During that meeting the idea of
the International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
was born. I was fortunate enough to have been at Rand
during that period on leave from the University ofMinnesota. I can still recall their enthusiasm for thisnew project when they called me into the meeting andinvited me to share in the organization of the journal.
Thus it can truly be said that Carl Gazley was theinitiating editor of the journal and his retirement fromthe Board of Editors represents a milestone in its
history. Carl’s retirement from the Board comes in theyear of his 60th birthday so we pay homage to him on
both counts.
Carl Gazley, Jr. was born on 7 August, 1922. Hecompleted a baccalaureate in chemical engineeringfrom the University of Rochester in 1943, followed by aMaster’s degree in 1946 and a Ph.D. in 1948, both fromthe University of Delaware, in chemical engineering.
Carl worked for a brief period at Lewis Laboratory,

NACA (now NASA) Cleveland during the mid-1940s
and with the General Engineering Laboratory ofGeneral Electric Company from 1948 to 1952. From1952 until his early retirement in 1978 Carl was withthe Rand Corporation in Santa Monica. The activities
of Carl during this period are well covered by thecomments of his colleagues Dave Masson, Joe Grossand Jerry Aroesty.
Carl’s presence on the Board has been a stabilizing
influence over the nearly 25 years of the journal’sexistence. Carl has rarely missed a Board meeting but‘more important’ many of the ideas he has advanced atthese meetings have contributed significantly to thedevelopment of the journal. Speaking for the Board ofEditors, I want to extend our appreciation to Carl for
his efforts on behalf of the journal over these manyyears and to wish him a joyous 60th birthday. We also
wish him and his wife Joy many long and happy yearsof retirement.
JAMESP. HARTNETT
University of Illinois at Chicago

JEROMEAROESTY

Santa Monica, California