F tFutureoff SR
Tetsuya Ishikawa
RIKEN Harima Institute18 October 2010 for Cheiron School

New Light Always Creates New Science &TechnologyPlan
• This lecture, titled ‘Future of SR’, is designed togive
i you some backgroundb kd off SR history,
hithen,hdiscusses the possible future of SR facilities andsciences.
• Strategies for future may be different from person
to person, or place to place, but important thing ist thinktothi k aboutb t YOUR own future.
f t• Join us to make NEW HISTORY OF SR which
is not the mere extrapolation from the present!

Brief Introduction of myself• Myy name is Tetsuya
y Ishikawa. I am the Directorof RIKEN SPring-8 Center and the Project
Leader of X
X-ray
ray Free Electron Laser.
• My research field is X-Ray Optics including
those for coherent x-rays.
x rays• I have been working around the SR facilities
sincei1982 whenh theh Ph
Photon Factory
Fstarteddoperation.
• I had been the Optics Group Leader/Beamline
j GotoDivision Director till 2006 when Dr. Shunji
took over the position.

You are learning a lot in this school …
Thank you for joining us in this Cheiron
School 2010.
2010 Now,
Now you are attending thelecture titled “Future of SR”.
yYou are learningg a lot about synchrotron
radiation and its applications in the preceding
and following lectures. It is not surprisingthat you may feel the science andtechnologies related to the synchrotron
radiation are too widely diverse to be an
expertise in everything.

Don’t be afraid, because no one can cover everything!
Y can bYoube theh world’s
ld’ top scientisti i iin a certaini fifield.
ldYou have to know where you are…
All lectures given in this school are the maps
off science/technology
i/ h lfieldsfi ld thath havehbeenbalready explored by other scientists. All ofyou who are young with full potential,you,potential may
want to construct new roads in the fields. So
y are on the mapp tofocus yyourselves where you
start with.

New possibilities really lie in what has not been directedin the lectures: It is you to explore the new roads and to
make the new SR history!

History can tell you something…

SR history has been a pursuit of Brilliance.

Short History of Synchrotron Radiation
1945 First (indirect) observation of SR; J. Blewett, G.E. 100 MeV betatron1947 1st visual observation; G.E. 70 MeV synchrotron
ZEROth GENERATION SOURCES
1950’s-60’s: ELECTRON SYNCHROTRONS (cyclic accelerators)
FIRST GENERATION SOURCES (storage rings)
1970’s: e+/e- COLLIDERS (Mostly Parasitic on High Energy Physics programs)
SECOND GENERATION SOURCES
1980’s: NEW RINGS and FULLY DEDICATED USE OF e+/e- COLLIDERS,USE OF WIGGLERS & UNDULATORSTHIRD GENERATION SOURCES
1990’s: LOW EMITTANCE RINGS WITH MANY STRAIGHT SECTIONSFOURTH GENERATION SOURCES
2000’s: LINAC-BASED SOURCES•Free-electron laser (FEL)•Energy Recovery Linac (ERL)
DIFFRACTION-LIMITED RINGS; ULTRA-SHORT BUNCHES; NEW IDEAS

SR brightness has grown faster than the computing Power

LBL/SSRL 30 Period Permanent Magnet Undulator -1980

In--Vacuum Permanent Magnet Undulator in SPring
In
SPring--8

Short--period in
Shortin--vacuum undulator

magnetg
magnet  K 2  photon 1 
2 2 2 

Dr. Kitamura  2, 000 E (GeV )For photon = 0.1 nm: (K=2)
magnet= 30 mm, E = 11 GGeVVmagnet= 18 mm, E = 8 GeV
cf. magnet = 100 um, E = 600 MeV !!

In-vacuum undulator:• Short-period undulator requires higher
magnetic field for deflecting electrons.
Magnets are located “in vacuum” forgenerating higher field with smaller gap((~ 3 mm).
)
• Variable gap undulatorIn--vacuum undulators
In• In-vacuum undulator technology was a turning
point of the SR history.
SPring 8 had been the• This is the reason why SPring-8
world-largest synchrotron radiation facility for~1010 years.
ears• With the in-vacuum undulator technology,
lower energy storage rings can emit x-rays
from undulators.
Down-Sized
Down
Sized SR Facilities

It’s our tradition to make everything compact.

Bonsai

So is XFEL…

“X--ray Free Electron Laser, XFEL”“X
coherent light to explore nanonano-world［coherence ］
Laser Light

X-ray Free Electron
LASER

LASER

Normal Light

Synchrotron Light

Lamps
10 m
THz rays1 minfra-redrays

100 nmvisible rays
ylong wavelength（low energy）←

10 nm

UV rays

1 nm

soft X-rays
X rays［wavelength ］

X-raysXrays

1Åhard X-raysX rays

→ short wavelength （high energy）

Linac-Based Free Electron Laser
LinacSelf--Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE)
Selfe-gunlinac

e-beamb◆ e-gunundulator

X-RayX
Ray Lasere-beam

Micro-bunching
Microbunching◆ linac◆ undulator

Precedent XFEL Projects in the U.S. and EU【 US 】 SLAC
SLAC：
：Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
Liniac Coherent Light Source : LCLS
・ Use
U E
Existing
i ti 2 mileil Liniac
Li i・ Size: 2 km long・ Shortest Operating Wavelength: 0.15 nm
・ To Start Operation in 2009
・ RF gun/Normal Conducting Liniac/Out-of-Vacuum
Undulator
・ 3rd Priority in DOE
DOE’ss Future Facility Plan

Stanford, CALCLS【 EU 】 DESYDESY：：Deutsches Elektronen
Elektronen--Synchrotron
Hamburg, Germany

European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser
・ Collaboration among 12 EU Countries + China
・ Size:Si
3 4 km3.4k llong
・ Shortest Operating Wavelength: 0.085 nm
・ To Start Operation in 2013
・ RF gun/Superconducting Liniac/Out
Liniac/Out-of-Vacuumof Vacuum
Undulator

European XFELJapan’s XFEL:SPring--8 Compact SASE Source (SCSS) Concept
SPringUse of short-period undulator+Use of high-gradient linac

Suppression of acceleration energymagnet  K 2  photon 1 
2 2 
2 = Total length of 700 m
５準備室
測定

４準備室
測定

冷却機室

空調
機械室

電気室

搬入室

３セミナー室 準備室

２準備室

１準備室
測定

測定

測定

共通室

共通室

SR-2

倉庫

（計14 4席）

玄関
ホール

ＷＣ

機械室

8 GeV XX-Ray Free Electron Laser Facility at SPringSPring-8

Movie HereMy Personal View; Learning Old, Getting New
Construction Phase“Renewal” Phase

New Generation
Novel Instrumentation
for Novel Applications

Novel Facility

Advanced Utilization

Novel Instrumentation
for Novel Applications
pp

General Utilization

Industrial Applications
pp

Starting Phase“Cruise” Phase
Novel Instrumentation
for Novel Applications

Advanced Utilization
General Utilization

Novel Instrumentation
for Novel Applications

Advanced Utilization

Popularizationp
General Utilization

Industrial Applications

Complementary Roles of SR and XFEL
See System

SP8-II(2019)

SR, short wavelength light, is essential to observe
materials
t i l ini atomict i or molecularl l levell l whichhi h forms
fthethfoundation of modern science and technology.
See functions of nano-scale materials such as atoms andmolecules as individual components
pof systems
yandinteraction among them in the particular systems.
Present SPring-8 is mostly for static observation ofindividual components.
SASE XFEL will
SASE-XFEL
ill enhancehtheth capability
bilit off observingbifunctions of individual components.
We hope we can enhance the capability of analyzing
functions of interactingg systems
ybyy usingg SP8-II.

XFEL (SASE)(2010)

See Individual

Some Tips• Small
S ll or Bi
Big ?
• Far or Near ?
• One of you tools or Central Subject ?
• Use your own brain.
• Find what has been not discussed, in reading
papers or in listening to lectures.

Summary & Outlook
The future directions are not what you will
be taught,g , but what you yourself shall findor create.
Thanka you aga
again foro jojoining
g us thiss Cheiron
C e oSchool! We are looking forward to seeing
you at some SR facility in near future.
future