「メタファー，言語と記憶の認知研究」講演会のおしらせ
海外の新進気鋭の二人の研究者を招いて，メタファー（比喩）理解および言語と記憶の計算モデルについての講演会を開催します。お二人は，6 月 1 日に開催される日本認知心理学会大会のシンポのために招聘されました。早稲田大学での講演に続いて，京都大学でも下記の講演を行うことになりました。
言語，概念，記憶，身体的認知などに関わる実験的研究，さらに認知神経科学や計算論的モデリングによる展開など，新しい認知研究の動向に関心のある多くの学生，教員，研究者の皆さんの参加をお待ちしています。
本講演会は京都大学教育学研究科グローバル教育展開オフィスからの支援を受けています。
日時：2024 年 5 月 29 日（水）16：45～19:00
場所：京都大学吉田キャンパス 総合研究 2 号館 1F 教育学部第一講義室
百万遍門から入り左手の建物。今出川通りの柵沿いに進み，北側玄関から入り，左手
アクセス・地図 https://www.educ.kyoto-u.ac.jp/overview/access/
申し込み不要，参加無料です。
問い合わせ先 楠見 孝 kusumi.takashi.7u(at)kyoto-u.ac.jp
講演１
タイトル Semantic Processes in Metaphor Comprehension: The Interactive Roles of
Bodily and Linguistic Experience（メタファー理解における意味処理：身体的・言語的経験の相互作用的役割）
講演者 Hamad Al-Azary （Assistant professor, Lawrence Technological University，USA）
https://www.al-azary.com/
Al-Azary 博士は，メタファーの処理，概念表象，そして抽象化について研究しており，特に私たちがどのようにメタファーを理解したり作り出すかについて検討している。心理言語学的実験を進めるとともに，認知神経科学と計算論的モデリングによる展開に関心を持っている。
講演２
タイトル：Modelling the intersection of language and memory（言語と記憶の相互作用のモデリング）
講演者：Nick Reid（Assistant professor, University of Northern British Columbia， Canada）
https://www2.unbc.ca/people/reid-dr-nick
Reid 博士は，言語，概念，記憶を理解するための計算手法に重点を置いた認知心理学の分野で研究を行っている。Western 大学にて，メタファーやイディオムなどの複雑な言語を含む言語が記憶の中でどのように表現されるかをより深く理解するための研究を行った後，

Manitoba 大学にて博士研究員として，意味記憶とエピソード記憶を統合した記憶の計算モ
デルを開発した。現在は，単語の知覚的特徴（単語の音と綴り）が記憶における意味的特徴とどのように相互作用し，正再認と虚再認の両方を促進するかを研究している。また，概念，知覚，言語処理における異文化・異言語間の差異を探るため、海外の研究者とも共同研究を行っている。
講演要旨 1The Semantics of Metaphorical Meaning: The Interactive Roles of Bodily and LinguisticExperience
Hamad Al-Azary （Assistant professor, Lawrence Technological University）
Metaphors are commonly encountered in daily life and have the potential to facilitate
cognition, communication, and social interaction. Characterizing the mechanisms involved inmetaphor processing is critical for cognitive science. In this talk, I will describe the centralityof metaphor in human experience, and then describe the cognitive mechanisms involved inmetaphor processing. I will focus on key semantic variables. Understanding a metaphor, suchas language is a bridge, involves an interaction between the semantic representations of thewords language and bridge. However, semantic representations vary widely, which raises
questions regarding their role in metaphor processing. In this talk, I will review a series ofsemantic variables that, through my research program, I have found to aﬀect metaphor
processing. I will focus on key semantic variables I have identiﬁed in my research program.
The semantic variables in question are associated with both bodily and linguistic experienceand contribute to a word’s overall semantic richness. Words can be semantically rich because
they denote concrete concepts that are easy to imagine, such as pen, or less-rich because they
denote abstract concepts that are relatively diﬃcult to imagine, such as idea. Moreover, someconcrete concepts are semantically rich because they denote concepts that are easy to interact
with, such as bicycle, whereas others are less-rich because they denote concepts that arerelatively diﬃcult to interact with, such as butterﬂy. Finally, some words are semantically richbecause they have many semantic neighbors, such as castle whereas others are less-richbecause they have few semantic neighbors, such as lighthouse (for example, castle’s semanticneighbors, such as fortress and palace are highly related, whereas lighthouse’s semanticneighbors, such as tower and pier are less related). I will describe several psycholinguistic
experiments involving behavioral and neuroscientiﬁc techniques that address how theaforementioned variables aﬀect metaphor processing. I will conclude that semantic richness
is critical for characterizing metaphor processes, and describe future directions involving
cognitive neuroscience and computational modeling.

講演要旨 2Modelling the intersection of language and memory
Dr. J. Nick Reid （Assistant professor, University of Northern British Columbia, Canada）
Language and memory are two fundamental aspects of human cognition that areintimately connected. Memory is necessarily for language as we use memory to retrieve themeanings of words, to learn grammatical structure, and to communicate about our personalexperiences. Language also shapes how we interpret and make sense of the world, which inturn inﬂuences how we encode and retrieve information from memory. Despite theseconnections, language and memory have traditionally been studied separately. This isespecially true of computational models of language and memory. Whereas models of memory
provide insights into how information is encoded, stored, and retrieved, they say little about
the content of this information, such as how speciﬁc words or ideas are represented in memory.
In contrast, models of language provide insights into the meanings of words and how they arerepresented, but they do not speak to how people operate on these representations toremember and retrieve ideas from memory.
My research bridges this gap by bringing together the worlds of language andmemory modelling. The goal of my research is to create realistic models of human memorythat take seriously not only the processes of memory, but also its content. To that end, I havedeveloped the MINERVA S model, which integrates semantic representations from
distributional semantic models with MINERVA 2, a classic process model of memory(MINERVA 2; Hintzman, 1986).
In this talk, I will describe a series of simulations with MINERVA S examining how the model“remembers” words, sentences, and metaphor expressions, and show that these simulations
closely align with human behavior. Interestingly, the model not only aligns with how people
correctly remember language instances, but also predicts their memory errors, such as
misremembering the word “cold” when the word “ice” was read or misremembering thephrase “time is money” when the phrase “budget your hours” was read. Importantly, theseerrors depend on both the connections between words and concepts (captured by thelanguage model) and how these connections interact with memory processes (captured by thememory model). As such, these simulations highlight the importance of considering theinteraction between language and memory in creating realistic models of human memory andcognition.