Current Disaster Information
Hazards
Geographically, Indonesia is located in South East between two Ocean which are Indian and Pacific Ocean. As a tropical country, Indonesia has fertile land with tropical forest
on it. However in the last several years, many tropical forest regions have been damage due to the increasing land demand as an effect of demographic growing (Thenumber of Indonesian Population exceeds 220 million in the year of 2000). As a result, environment quality is decreasing thus generates, or at least exacerbated the worse
impact of natural disaster.
Indonesia is well known as active tectonic region. It consists of three major active tectonics plates which are Euasia in the north, Indian Ocean-Australia in the south andpacific plate in the east. The plate movements generate subduction type of boundary which takes control on volcanic arc building and produces Sumatera Island, Java Island,Nusa Tenggara and maluku.

The regions is seismically very active

Besides island arc building, the subduction processes also generate seismic active belt along the volcanic arc. Fortunately, shallow epicenter earthquakes usually occur in theremote areas with less number of populations. However in some cases major earthquake stroke dense populated region such as Bengkulu, Liwa, bali and Nusa Tenggara(Flores Island). Another type of natural hazards are generated by the tectonic activities are Volcanic Eruption and Tsunami. Some active transforms faults are well known asearthquake generator are The Great Sumatra Fault (Sumatra Island), Palu-Koro (Central Sulawesi/Celebes) Fault and Sorong Fault (Papua Island)
Indonesia consists of more than 500 young volcanoes including 128 active volcanoes. It is representing 15 % of the active volcanoes in the world. The most active volcano inIndonesia is Merapi which is situated 20 kilometers to the north of Yogyakarta. This volcano has been observed continuously by means of telemetric equipment as well as
field investigation. Thus, volcanic eruption disasters can be mitigated very well. Many others have also observed quite well in order to minimize volcanic eruption impact.

The Distribution of Volcanoes in Indonesia

Other natural disasters which are generated by or exacerbated by human activities are floods, landslides, drought, land/forest fire. Those are believed as an impact of land orenvironmental degradation. In the monsoon, Indonesia is threatened by flood and/or landslides which caused loss of human life and property. On the other hand in the dry
season, we are facing drought and land/forest fire as well as urban and building fire. Coping with those disasters Indonesian Government was launching a National Movement
for Environment Rehabilitation Policy by conducting land rehabilitation and forestation. It was launched by H.E President of the Republic of Indonesia on January 21st 2004 in
Gunung Kidul District where is known as mountainous infertile region which is administratively under Yogyakarta Province in Java Island.
Drought is another serious problem faces in the dry season between April and September. Government assisted to have priceless rice and other livestock. This condition also
effects on hydro power supply due to significantly lower of water in many reservoir and forest fire. Those types of disasters are considered to be generated by environmental
degradation due to deforestation.
Besides natural disaster, Indonesia is also facing man-made type of disaster. The nation of Indonesia is composed of multi ethnics, tribes and religions. This condition isvulnerable to the social conflict which is usually followed by setting fire and demolition of building or settlement.

Major Disaster in Indonesia in the year 2004
Floods and landslides were predominantly Indonesia's natural disasters in 2004. The global climate changes and regional climate condition were most likely influenced on
those natural disasters. Human activities are also exacerbated the disaster. The regional integrated climate monitoring by means of climate data and information exchange
will be very useful.
Sunday morning 26th of December 2004, at 07.58 local time, a huge earthquake by magnitude 6.8 Richter scale (body wave) or 8.1 Richter scale (magnitude moment) hit
Aceh and its surrounding. The Shock can be felt in a very wide spread from Banda Aceh to Medan. The most worst impact of earthquake it self was Banda Aceh andMeulaboh where the intensity of the earthquake exceeds VII - VIII MMI (Modified Marcalli Intensity). Many buildings collapsed, few minutes after the shock tsunami wave
swept collapsed building material and everything on the ground away. In some places tsunami wave exceeds more than 5 meter. The impacts devastated more than 500 kmlong of shore line from South Aceh - West Aceh - Banda Aceh and North Aceh where the length is about 500 km. The tsunami generated by Earthquake has also hit Nias
Island (one of the district of North Sumatra Province). The propagation of tsunami waves reached the east coast of Africa. Total Loss of live exceeds 150,000 for the whole
impacted area.
Due to the widely impact of disaster, Indonesian Government declared National State of Disaster Emergency. Thus, the emergency relief operations have been taken. The
operation is not only done by government but also participated by private sector and communities either local, National or international. The attention of National andinternational communities are very surprisingly. The emergency relief assistance came very fast to Indonesia. Due to very wide spread of disaster impact and collapse ofgovernment System in the province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam the operation faces many obstacles. However, continuously efforts by all participants in the operation haveemerged a new hope that the disaster can be handled and the future plan of rehabilitation and reconstruction are on going.
The impact recorded in the National Operation Center in BAKORNAS PBP Jakarta was Predicted more than 94.000 people died, 70.000 missing and 500.000 displaced andlives in the temporary Shelters. In the future we hope that Indian oman where known as an earthquake and tsunami prone area can be equipped by integrated tsunami early
warning system which can give a tsunami warning to the people living in along the coast from Southern Cost of Indonesia to Malaysia, Thailand, India and Sri Lanka. It wiII
reduce tshnami disaster risk of the people living there.

Source: DigitalGlobe

Satellite imagery of the northern coast of Banda Aceh is comparing situation before (left) andafter (right) incident.

The situation of Banda Aceh after disaster, rabble and dead bodies of victims mixed up
everywhere over the whole city. It makes condition worse because of lack of heavy equipment
for clearing up. The bad environment sanitation can generate other problem of outbreaking
diseases after disaster.

Table 1. Disaster in Indonesia in 2004
No

Type of DisasterCausalities
Number ofEventDied
Displaced

1Storm72

152,435

2Flood112

7977,526

3Earthquake

2078

6,442

4Fire140

3616,795

5

Forest Fire

22

6Social Conflict

11516

18,692

7

Technological Failure/1
Tranoportation Accident

21-

8

Epidemic

21265-

9

Volcanic Eruption

5214,558

58

122

3,297

2

1,007

10 Landslide

11 Environmental Pollution 2
12 Tidal wave
13-

5706

Earthquake/Tsunami *)1

84,827 398,285

TOTAL

470

85,833 539,743*) Data collecting still in progressCompiled and analyzed by BAKORNAS PBP Secretariat

The duties of BAKORNAS PBP are:
To formulate and decide a national disaster management policies and strategies.
To coordinate the implementation of disaster management activities before, during and post disaster.
Rendering guidance and directive on related policies in the efforts to manage disaster (prevention, mitigation, response, rehabilitation and reconstruction).

The BAKORNAS PBP (based on Presidential Decree No. 111/2001) is composed of:Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia (chairman)
Coordinating Minister for Peoples Welfare (vice chairman)
Minister of Interior (member)
Minister of Social Affairs (member)
Minister of Health (member)
Minister of Settlement and Infrastructures (member)
Minister of Communications (member)
Minister of Finance (member)Commander in chief of the Armed Forces (member)Head of National Police (member)

Secretary of Vice President (secretary)

To support the duties of BAKORNAS PBP, it was established a Secretariat led by Secretary of BAKORNAS PBP.
Secretary of BAKORNAS PBP assisted by Vice Secretary and 4 (four) Deputies (Disaster Management, IDP's Management, Cooperation and People Participation,Administration).
The establishment of BAKORNAS is followed by the establishment of similar organizations to cope with disaster and IDP's in provincial as well as district level.
In provincial level, it is established SATKORLAK PBP (Coordination of Implementing Unit) consist of related services, chaired by the Governor.
To cope with disaster in the location, in the district / municipal level is established SATLAK PBP (Implementing Unit), which is chaired by Bupati (Head of District) / Mayor.
The SATLAK compose of SATGAS (task forces) of the institutions and services concerned such as health, SAR, army, police, social, public works, Indonesian Red Cross (PMI)and NGO's. District units as front line organization can mobilize all related agencies at their respective districts, sub-districts and villages as well as local communityorganizations.
The Structure of Disaster Management in Indonesia as follows:

Plans
The government has formulated National Development Plan (RKP) for the period of 5 years (2005-2010). This program becomes a guideline for each sector and ministerial
cabinet, as well as the regional government in planning their respective development program.
Effort undertaken by government for risk reduction is designing National Disaster Management Plan, which is currently under construction. In absence of disastermanagement plan, disaster management measures cannot be possibly incorporated into the Nationl Development Plan. For that purpose, National Disaster Management Planis urgently needed.

Training Courses
Improving knowledge about disaster in all aspects is required not only for government official but also for the community. The better understanding on disaster management
will significantly reduce the impact of disasters.
Promotion of community awareness particularly those who live in disaster's prone areas have to be prioritized. Empowering communities is concducted by optimizing theirown resources and by providing initial limited incentives to enable them to help themselves. Mapping of disaster prone areas in line with disaster information system are also
important.
BAKORNAS PBP has made a module to conduct a Basic Training in Disaster Management for SATKORLAK and SATLAK staff. It is also some training such as Emergency
Management and Contingency Planning (in cooperation with UNHCR).

Experts
No

Name

SubjectInstitute

No. Phone1

Dr. Jan Sopahuapakan

Geotechnology

LIPI022 2503654

2

Dr. Ir. Hery Harjono

EarthquakeLIPI - Geotechnology

62 22 8757075

3

Dr. Ir. Harkunti P. Rahayu Disaster Mitigation

Institut Teknologi Bandung

62 811238946
Fax 62 22 2503961

4Dr. Nanang T. Puspito

Tsunami/Geophysics Institut Teknologi Bandung

5Fauzy, PhD.

Earthquake/Tsunami BMG (Meteorological and Geophysical Agency) 62 21 6546316
Fax 62 21 4246703

6

Ir. Erna Sri Adiningsih

Remote sensing

LAPAN

7

Dr. Paulus Agus Winarso

ClimateBMG (Meteorological and Geophysical Agency)

62 811238946
62 21 6546311 ext 5318

62 21 4892802
62 21 6546311
Fax 62 21 4246703

Departemen Teknik Sipil ITB Jln Ganesha

022 2510718

10 Bandung 40132

022 2502272

8Dr. Krishna S Pribadi

Disaster Mitigation

9Dr. Dwikorita Karnawati

Landslides

UGM - Yogyakarta

62 274 562880

10 Dr. Agus Maryono

Floods/Hydrology

UGM - Yogyakarta

62 811254254

11 Dr. Bambang Hero

Forest fire

IPB (Bogor Institute of Agriculture)

12 Dr. Gatot Irianto

Floods/Hydrology/Agro-Climatology

Center for Soil & Agroclimate Research
Jl. Juanda 99 Bogor

13 Ir. Engkon Kertapati

Earthquake

P3G, Diponegoro 57, Bandung

14 Dr. A Djumarma

Volcanology

Geological hazards Mitigation
Jln Diponegoro 57, Bandung

15 Dr. Surono

Landslides

Directorate of Volcanology andDirectorate of Volcanology and62 22 7272606
Fax 62 22 7202761
62 22 7272606

Geological hazars Mitigation
Jln Diponegoro 57, BandungFax 62 22 7202761

Person in charge of the ADRC Activities
Name:

Sugeng Triutomo

Job Title:

Director of Disaster Mitigation

Division/Dept.:

Disaster Management

Organization:

BAKORNAS PBP

Office Address:

Jln. Ir. Djuanda 36, Jakarta 10120

Phone:

62-21-3458400 ext 523

Fax:

62-21-3458500

Archives of of Disaster Related Websites
No1

Institution
BAKORNAS PBP(The National Coordinating board for Disaster and IDPs Management)

Websitewww.bakornaspbp.go.id

2

Directorate of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigationwww.vsi.esdm.go.id

3

Meteorological and Geophysical Agency

www.bmg.go.id

4

Ministry of Environmentwww.menlh.go.id

5

National Agency for Survey and Mappingwww.bakosurtanal.go.id

6Indonesian Red Cross

www.palangmerah.or.id

7

Indonesian Geologist Associationwww.iagi.or.id

8

Ministry for Research and Technology

www.iptek.net.id

9Indonesian Disaster Management Society

www.mpbi.or.id

Proposal to ADRCADRC should take initiatives
To take some efforts in reducing the risk of natural disaster in the southeast Asia especially for tsunami by setting up integrated early warning system in
the Indian Ocean Region.
To set up information center which provides any related natural disaster information especially for early detecting for hydrometeorological hazards such as
storm, tropical cyclone and other meteorological animalies.

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