Opening Remarks
Makoto Washizu
P id t JJapan IInternationalPresident,
ttil Transport
Tt IInstitutetit t
鷲頭 誠 国際問題研究所 所長

Topics of Today’s Seminary Present efforts of the stakeholders for environmentally

sustainable aviationy The future strategies of the stakeholders and tasks tosolve the problems

Before starting these speeches…
… brief overview of the present situation

2Cli
ClimateCh
Changey According to the IPCC 4th

assessment report, thetemperature increase between
1906 2005 was 0.74℃
1906‐2005
0 74℃ and it isestimated that the increase in next100 years will be 1.8℃‐4.0℃

y It is estimated that the climatechange
g will cause manyy kinds ofproblems (e.g. inundation of small
islands by sea level rise, increaseof the areas affected by drought,
frequency increase of heavyprecipitation)

Source: IPCC 4th assessment synthesis report3Challenge for the Climate Changey UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
y 1992 Opened for signature at the Earth summit in Rio
y 1994 Entered into force
y 1997 Kyoto Protocol was adopted“Common but Differentiated Responsibility” (CBDR) principley The Kyoto Protocoly The developed countries commit themselves to binding targets(Japan committed to reduce the 2008‐2012 emissions to 94% of1990 emission levels)y The discussion about the post‐Kyoto Protocol
framework is continuing4Share of different sectors in total anthropogenic
GHG emissions (in 2004 in terms of CO2‐eq.)
Waste andcommercial buildings wastewater
3%
Residential andTransportt
T
13%

8%

Energy supply
26%

Agriculture
14%
Forestry
17%

Industry
19%

Source:
IPCC 4th assessment synthesisS
h i report
5EExamples
l off theh countermeasures byb sector
y Energy supply
y Development and promotion of renewable energyy Industryy Introduction and enhancement of energy‐efficientmanufacturing equipmenty Residential
R id ti l andd commercial
i lbbuildings
ildi
y Improvement of the energy‐efficiency of residences andbuildingsy Cross sectoral measuresy Introduction of market based measurese.g. emission trading

6

Examplesl off theh countermeasures ini transport sectory Emission controls against each automobile¾ Introduction or reinforcement of fuel efficiency standards¾ Promotion of the development and use of Electric Vehicles,

Hybrid vehicles or Fuel Cell Vehicles etc.

y Traffic Control¾ Promotion of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)y Public transport¾ Development of the urban rails or High Speed Railsy Energy‐efficient vessels¾ Promotion of Super‐Eco‐Shipy Modal shift in freight transport¾ Promotion of the use of freight rail or shipping7

CO2 emissions from aviation sector
Total aviation CO2 emissions (domestic and international ) areapproximately
l 2% off theh world’s
l ’ anthropogenichCO2emissions.
Global CO2 Emissions per transport

Part of Aviation Global Emissions

Aviation

Other

A i i
Aviation

13%%２％１３％
Road74%Road

Aviation

Global98%

Other

GlobalAviation

Source: ICAO Environmental Report 2010
8

The increase of air traffic volume• The growth rate of air traffic volume is estimated tobe high especially in Asia‐Pacific regions and otheremerging
g g markets
ICAO Passenger Traffic Forecasts by ICAO Statistical Region

Source: ICAO Environmental Report 2010

9

The forecast of global aircraft fuel burn(ICAO)

Source: ICAO Environmental Report 201010

Fuel costs
70%

3.560%

350%

2.5
Narrow-body aircraft

40%

230%

1.520%

1

Wide body aircraft
Wide-body

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

0

1992

0%

1991

0.5

1990

10%

Jet Keroseene price (refineers) in dollars perr gallon

Fuel costs as a perceentage of total operating expensses (unweighted )Fuel costs as a share of operating costs by aircraft family and kerosene prices: large US carriers
1990‐2010

Source: Philippe Crist: ITF analysis based on US DOT Schedule P‐5.2 and USEEnergy
IInformation
fti Administration
Ad i i t ti datad t

11Market Based Measures(MBM)y Typesypes ofo MBM
y Emissions Tradingy Emissions‐related Levies
y Emissions Offsetting
etc…
etc

y The global scheme for the MBM for international aviation is being

discussed at the ICAOICAO.

y European Union Emissions Trading System(EU‐ETS)
2006 The proposal for a Directive including aviation in the EU‐ETS
2008 The legislation was adopted to include aviation in the EU‐ETS as of 2012
¾ Non‐EU countries and their airlines have beenprotesting against the inclusion of aviation in the EU‐ETS.

12

Today’s Lecturers
y Paul Steele

Director, Aviation Environment, International Air Transport Association (IATA)“A i ti /B“Aviation/Benefits
fit B
BeyonddBBorders”
d ”

y Billy M. Glover
Vice President, Global Business Development & Policy , Boeing Commercial Airplanes“Global Business & Environment Strategy”

y Jim Rekoske
Vice President and General Manager, Renewable Energy and Chemicals,

UOP Honeywell“Sustainable Aviation Fuels:Research,Developments and Deployment”

y Julie
J li Oettinger
O ttiAssistant Administrator for Policy, International Affairs and Environment,

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)“Sustainable Aviation in the United States”
13Theh seminaristarts NOW.
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