Comments on reaction paper

Comments onreaction paper

Comments on reaction paper•Domain and register•

Domain: A social situation where a particularlanguage is chosen in a multilingual society.

•Register: A social situation where a particular
style of a language is chosen.

•Many of you mention that you use local dialect
when talking to family. Someone pointed out thatcode switching could also happen when we talkabout family or hometown.

Comments on reaction paper•The use of loanwords is not an example of code
switching, though the distinction may not bealways easy.

•When you are learning a language, you may
want to use it even if you are not very good at it.

“But we’re speakingJapanese..”••The Japanese tend to try speaking English when
they find someone who looks like non-Japanese,
because they think that is more helpful, or
probably because it is an opportunity to get afree English lesson.

Pidgin and Creole
Yoshihiko Asao
May 11, 2015

But that is not always appropriate.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLt5qSm9U80

Lingua franca••

A lingua franca is a language serving as a (regular)means of communication between different linguistic
groups.
•Swahili is the lingua franca in Eastern Africancountries like Tanzania.

•

English is the lingua franca in an international
academic conference.

What if there is no shared language when you meetsomeone?

PidginPidgin•A pidgin is a language with no native speaker.

•A pidgin is typically developed in a marketplace
where there is no shared language between traders.

••Pidgin•

Pidgins also emerged in communities of thedescendants of slaves in the Americas.
Famous examples include Tok Pisin (Papua NewGuinea), Haitian Creole (Haiti), and Cameroon
Pidgin English.

Pidgin•A pidgin can sound funny or childish (for thespeaker of the lexifier language), but we should
be aware that it is a language used for serious
purposes, and it may be a part of identity for its
speakers.

A pidgin language often lacks fine grammaticaldistinctions and complex sentence structure.
FrenchEnglishTok Pisinje vais

I go

mi go

tu vasyou goyu goil/elle va

she/he/it goesem gonous allons

we goyumi go / mipela govous allezyou go

yupela goills/elles vontthey gool go

Creole•When a pidgin language acquires nativespeakers, it becomes a creole.

•Names can be misleading — Tok Pisin is from
‘Talk Pidgin’, but it is now a creole with nativespeakers.

Transitivizing suffix -im of
Tok Pisin

Creole•Creoles have complex grammatical structures.

•The fact that creole languages quickly develop
grammar has stimulated studies on our
biological ability to speak and the origin ofhuman language.

Lexifier (superstrate)and substrate
In a pidgin language, often one prestigious language
provides the majority of vocabulary. Such a language
is called lexifier or superstrate.
••

In many textbook examples, the lexifier is a major
European language such as English, French andSpanish.

But local, weaker languages often leave traces in its
grammar. Such a language is called substrate.

derived verbs

bik ‘big’

bikim ‘enlarge’

brait ‘wide’

braitim ‘broaden’

daun ‘low’

daunim ‘lower’

nogut ‘bad’

nogutim ‘spoil; damage’pret ‘afraid’

pretim ‘frighten, scare’doti ‘dirty’

dotim

1st person plural inTok Pisin••

adjectives

yumi (inclusive we) and mipela (exclusive we)
FrenchEnglishTok Pisin

je vaisI gomi gotu vasyou goyu goil/elle va

she/he/it goesem gonous allons

we goyumi go / mipela govous allez

you goyupela goills/elles vontthey gool goAre there pidgins and creoles
that involve Japanese?
•

A: Anata ohayo.

Yes, there are many.
••

Yokohama Dialect

Yokohama Dialect - A pidgin language spoken
among traders at the port of Yokohama

B: Nippon ohayo.
A: Konnichi watakushi sakana makoto yasui. Anata kaimasuka?

Hawaiian Pidgin(Today I fish real cheap. You buy?)•Ogasawara mixed language•Yilan Creole - A creole language shared bynative Taiwanese people

B: Anata yasui. Watakushi kau. Anata takai. Watakushi
pekepeke.
(You cheap, I buy. You expensive, I leave (?).)
From カイザー (2005) Exercises in the Yokohama Dialect と横浜ダイアレクト

Yokohama Dialect•

Am buy worry arimas? (案配悪いあります)•“Is he ill?”•Knee jew ban Hotel maro maro your-a-shee. (二Yilan Creole•

十番ホテル マロマロよろしい)

Spoken in a couple of villages in Southern
Yilan (宜蘭) Prefecture in Taiwan•“You had better send it up to the Grand Hotel.”

A: Nta lukus moteke.
You should bring clothes.

•Probably the origin of the fake Chinese-stylespeech in manga

B: Irang, wasi samuysang.
I don’t need one. It’s not cold.

From 金水 (2014) コレモ日本語アルカ?

Lexifier and substratein Yilan Creole•

Wasi kino tayhoku ikanai.
••

Announcements

Wasi asta tayhoku ikang.
••“I didn’t go to Taipei yesterday.”“I will not go to Taipei tomorrow.”reflects perfective/imperfective distinction common inAustronesian languages
From 渋谷・簡 (2013) 旅するニホンゴ.

Next week: Quiz 1•••

We will take 10-20 minutes at the beginning of
the next class.
You will be asked about your understanding ofbasic concepts that are discussed both in classand in the textbook.
The slides up to today will be uploaded to thewebsite.

Reaction paper•

Guess the meanings of Tok Pisin expressions
and fill the blanks.
Tok PisinEnglish

mausgras

moustachegras bilong fes

beard

gras bilong hedpisinbirdhanhand

han bilong pisin
gras bilong pisinbilong(Textbook p.92)