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Silicon Radar GmbHIm Technologiepark 1
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TRXˍ024ˍ046
24-GHz Highly Integrated IQ Transceiver

Data Sheet
Status:Date:

Author:Filename:

Final

06-Oct-2021

Silicon Radar GmbH

DatasheetˍTRXˍ024ˍ046ˍV1.3

Version:

Product number:

Package:

Marking:

Page:

1.3

TRXˍ024ˍ046

QFN20, 3 × 3 mm²

TRX046YYWW

1 of 18

Document:

Annex to VAˍU03ˍ01

Anlage 8ˍTemplateˍDatenblattˍRevE

Date: 19-May-2020

Rev E

24-GHz IQ Transceiver TRXˍ024ˍ046
Data Sheet Version 1.3 06-10-2021

Version Control
Version
1.0
1.1
1.2

Changed sectionAll
7 Measurement Results
4.4 Electrical Chars

1.3

4.4 Electrical Chars
7 Measurement Results

Description of change
Document creation
Update, diagrams added
Gain low gain mode:‘Max’ value corrected and associatedconditions enhanced (Note 3)
Divider output power: ‘Max’ value corrected
Gain high gain mode: ‘Max’ value corrected
Fig. 14, 15 “Linearity of receiver…” corrected
Fig. 23, 24: Curves with measurement
temperature > operational Ta.max removed-2-

Reason for change
New measurements results available
Necessary correction

Necessary correction

24-GHz IQ Transceiver TRXˍ024ˍ046
Data Sheet Version 1.3 06-10-2021

Table of Contents
1

Features ................................................................................................................................ 4

1.1
1.2

Overview .................................................................................................................................................. 4
Applications.............................................................................................................................................. 42
3

Block Diagram ....................................................................................................................... 5
Pin Configuration .................................................................................................................. 5

3.1
3.2

Pin Assignment ......................................................................................................................................... 5
Pin Description ......................................................................................................................................... 6

4

Specification.......................................................................................................................... 7

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4

Absolute Maximum Ratings ..................................................................................................................... 7
Operating Range ...................................................................................................................................... 7
Thermal Resistance .................................................................................................................................. 7
Electrical Characteristics .......................................................................................................................... 8

5

Packaging .............................................................................................................................. 9

5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4

Package Dimensions................................................................................................................................. 9
Package Footprint .................................................................................................................................... 9
Package Code ......................................................................................................................................... 10
Qualification Test ................................................................................................................................... 10

6

Application.......................................................................................................................... 11

6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5

Application Circuit Schematic ................................................................................................................ 11Power Cycling ......................................................................................................................................... 11
Evaluation Board .................................................................................................................................... 12
Evaluation Kit ......................................................................................................................................... 12
Input / Output Stages............................................................................................................................. 13

7

Measurement Results.......................................................................................................... 14-3-

24-GHz IQ Transceiver TRXˍ024ˍ046
Data Sheet Version 1.3 06-10-2021

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1.1

Features
Radar transceiver for 24-GHz ISM bandSingle supply voltage of 3.3 V
Fully ESD protected device
Low power consumption of 300 mW
in continuous operating mode
Transmitter with power control in two steps
Receiver with homodyne quadrature mixers
Low-noise amplifier (LNA) with gain control
Integrated low phase noise VCO
Single ended TX output
Single ended RX input
QFN20 leadless plastic package 3 × 3 mm2
Pb-free, RoHS compliant package
Replaces the obsolete TRXˍ024ˍ006

Overview

The IC is an integrated transceiver circuit for the 24-GHz ISM band and general ultra-wide band applications. It
includes a low-noise amplifier (LNA) with gain control, quadrature mixers, a poly-phase filter, a voltage controlled
oscillator with band switching and a divide-by-32 circuit. The transmitter can be powered down if TXˍEN pin is
supplied with 0 V. The gain of the receiver can be digitally controlled by Vct pin: Vct = 3.3 V sets the receiver in highgain mode, Vct = 0 V sets the receiver in low gain mode. The output power of the transmitter can be controlled by
the pwr1 input. The IC is fabricated in SiGe BiCMOS technology.

1.2

Applications

The TRXˍ024ˍ046 can be used in radar systems and in wireless communication systems for the 24-GHz ISM band
(24.0 GHz to 24.25 GHz), for level probing radar application (24.05 GHz to 26.5 GHz), and for general ultra-wide band
applications between 23 GHz and 26 GHz.

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24-GHz IQ Transceiver TRXˍ024ˍ046
Data Sheet Version 1.3 06-10-2021

2

Figure 1

Block Diagram

Block Diagram

3

Pin Configuration

3.1

Pin Assignment

Figure 2

Pin Assignment (QFN20, Top View)-5-

24-GHz IQ Transceiver TRXˍ024ˍ046
Data Sheet Version 1.3 06-10-2021

3.2

Pin Description

Table 1PinNo.
1Pin Description
Description
Name
Vct
LNA gain control input: 3.3 V – high gain mode, 0 – low gain mode.
CMOS Schmitt trigger input with 100-kΩ pull-up resistor, see also chapter ‘Input / Output Stages’.
VCC
Supply voltage
RXin
RF input, 50 Ω
GND
GroundIFˍQp
IFˍQn
IF outputs, DC coupled, external AC coupling capacitors required
IFˍIp
IFˍIn
pwr1
Power-amplifier gain control input: 3.3 V – POUTˍMAX , 0 – POUTˍMAX - 4 dB.
CMOS Schmitt trigger input with 100-kΩ pull-up resistor, see also chapter ‘Input / Output Stages’.
TXˍEN
TX enable input, high active: 3.3 V – enable, 0 – off.
CMOS Schmitt trigger input with 100-kΩ pull-up resistor, see also chapter ‘Input / Output Stages’.
GND
GroundTXout
Transmitter output, 50 Ω
Vctrl
VCO tuning voltage input
d3
d2
VCO band switching inputs, each input with internal 120-kΩ pull-down resistor, can be used as
analog tuning inputs as well
d1

2
3
4, 5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
(21)

d0
divˍo
PWR
GND

Divider output, 50 Ω, DC coupled, external decoupling capacitor required (min. 100 pF)
Divider enable input: 3.3 V – enable, 0 – off.
CMOS Schmitt trigger input with 100-kΩ pull-up resistor, see also chapter ‘Input / Output Stages’.
Exposed die attach pad of the QFN package, must be soldered to ground-6-

24-GHz IQ Transceiver TRXˍ024ˍ046
Data Sheet Version 1.3 06-10-2021

4

Specification

4.1

Absolute Maximum Ratings

Attempted operation outside the absolute maximum ratings of the device may cause permanent damage to thedevice. Actual performance of the device is only given within the operational specifications, not at absolute
maximum ratings.
Table 2Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter
SymbolSupply voltage
VCC

Min

Max
3.6

Unit
V

DC voltage at RF pins

VDCRF

0

2

mV

Junction temperature
Storage temperature range

TJ
TSTG

-65

150
150

°C
°C

DC voltage at control inputs

VCTL

-0.3

VCC + 0.3

V

Condition / Remark
to GNDIC provides low ohmic circuit to GND
for TXout and RXind0, d1, d2, d3, Vctrl, Vct, pwr1,
TXˍEN, PWR

Input power into pin RFin
PIN
0
dBm
ESD robustness, HBM
VESD1
2000
V
Class 2, 2 kV to ≤ 4 kV; Note 1
ESD robustness, CDM
VESD2
500
V
Class 1, 0 to ≤ 500 V; Note 2
Note 1
According to JEDEC JESD22-A114C Joint Standard for Electrostatic Discharge Sensitivity Testing, Human Body
Model Component (HBM), Component Level
Note 2
According to JEDEC JS-002-2018 Joint Standard for Electrostatic Discharge Sensitivity Testing, Charged Device
Model (CDM) - Device Level

4.2

Operating Range

Table 3Operating Range
Parameter
Ambient temperature
Supply voltage

Symbol
TA
VCC

Min
-40
3.13

Max
85
3.47

Unit
°C
V

DC voltage at control inputs

VCTL

0

VCC

V

Condition / Remark(3.3 V ± 5%)
d0, d1, d2, d3, Vctrl, Vct, pwr1,
TXˍEN, PWR

Note: Do not drive input signals without power supplied to the device.

4.3

Thermal Resistance

Table 4
Thermal ResistanceParameter
Thermal resistance, junction-toambient

Symbol

Min

Typ

Rthja

-7-

Max

Unit

75

K/W

Condition / Remark
Four-layer PCB according to
JEDEC standard JESD-51

24-GHz IQ Transceiver TRXˍ024ˍ046
Data Sheet Version 1.3 06-10-2021

4.4Electrical Characteristics

TA = -40 °C to +85 °C unless otherwise noted. Typical values measured at TA = 25 °C and VCC = 3.3 V.
Table 5
Electrical Characteristics
Parameter
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Condition / Remark
DC Parameters
Supply current consumption
ICC
80
89
100
mA
TX, divider enabled
Control input voltage, low level
VINˍL
0
1.0
V
Inputs TXˍEN, pwr1, PWR
Control input voltage, high level
VINˍH
2.2
Vcc
V
and Vct
Transmitter Section TX
Transmitter start frequency
fTX
22.3
22.8
23.3
GHz
Transmitter stop frequency
25.9
26.4
26.9
GHz
Divider division ratio
Ddivˍo32
Note 1Divider output frequency
fdivˍo700
840
MHz
Tuning voltage VCO
Vctrl
0
3.3
V
Tuning slope VCO (Vctrl)
ΔfTX/ΔVctrl
220
MHz/V Only Vctrl swept
Number of adjustable frequency
16
d0 - d3: VCO band switching,bands
Note 1
Pushing VCO
ΔfTX/ΔVCC
135
MHz/V fTX = 24.15 GHz
Phase noise
PN-102
dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset
RF output impedance
ZTXout50Ω
Transmitter output power
PTX
2.5
4
6
dBm
fTX = 24.15 GHz
Adjustable range output power
PTXˍADJ0
4
dBm
pwr1 = 0 / 3.3 V
Divider output power
Pdivˍo
-9
-8.5
-6
dBm
Note 2
Spurious power
PSp-40dBm
fTX ‒ fdiv
PSp+
-43
dBm
fTX + fdiv
Harmonics power
PHa12
-46
dBm
12 GHz
PHa48
-40
dBm
48 GHzReceiver Section RX
Receiver frequency
fRX
22.3
26.9
GHz
Receiver RF input impedance
ZRXIN
50
Ω
Number of adjustable gain modes
2
Adjustable LNA gain control
Gain high gain mode
15
17
21
dB
Vct = 3.3 V, Note 3
Gain low gain mode
9
10
12
dB
Vct = 0, Note 3
IF frequency range
∆fIF
0
200
MHz
IF output impedance
ZOUT
470
Ω
Differential
IQ amplitude imbalance-11dB
IQ phase imbalance
-10
10
deg
Noise figure, high gain mode
4
dB
Simulated
Noise figure, low gain mode
6
dB
(double side band at fIF = 1 MHz)
Input compression point
1dB ICP-20-13dBm
Note 1
See also chapter ‘Measurement Results’, Figure 10 and 11.
Note 2
Divider output is loaded with 50 Ω, DC coupled, external decoupling capacitor ≥ 100 pF required.
Note 3fTX = 24.0 GHz – 24.25 GHz, IF frequency fIF set to 1.5 MHz using VCO tuning inputs (d0 - d3, Vctrl)-8-

24-GHz IQ Transceiver TRXˍ024ˍ046
Data Sheet Version 1.3 06-10-2021

5

Packaging

5.1

Package Dimensions

Figure 3

Outline Dimensions of QFN20, 3 × 3 mm², 0.4 mm Pitch

IC Weight:

5.2

0.235 g (typ.)

Package Footprint

Dimension Limits in mm

Figure 4

Recommended Land Pattern

-9-

min

Contact Pitch

E

nom

Contact Pad Width

W

Contact Pad Spacing

C

3.0
0.2

Contact Pad Width

X1

Contact Pad Length

Y1

Distance Between Pads

Gmax

0.4 BSC
1.8

0.7
0.20

24-GHz IQ Transceiver TRXˍ024ˍ046
Data Sheet Version 1.3 06-10-2021

5.3

Package Code

Top-Side Markings:

5.4
Table 6

TRX046YYWW

Qualification Test
Reliability and Environmental Test

Qualification Test

JEDEC Standard

Condition

Pass / FailMSL3

J-STD-020E

Reflow simulation 3 times at 260°C

pass

Tp ≤ Tc = 260°C
tp ≤ 30 s
TS.min = 150°C
TS.max = 200°C
tS = 60 s – 120 s
TL = 217°C
tL = 60 s – 150 s
t25°C-to-Tp ≤ 480 s

Figure 5

Reflow Profile for Pb-Free Assembly according to JEDEC Standard J-STD-020E- 10 -

24-GHz IQ Transceiver TRXˍ024ˍ046
Data Sheet Version 1.3 06-10-2021

6

Application

6.1

Application Circuit Schematic

Figure 6

6.2

Application Circuit for Band Switching

Power Cycling

It is possible to reduce power consumption by power cycling the radar front end. Rapid power cycling with voltage
rise times between 10 and 100 µs is possible. At power-up, it must be ensured that no input signal is driven highbefore the supply voltage is stable. At power-down, all input signals must be pulled low before the supply voltage
is switched off.

- 11 -

24-GHz IQ Transceiver TRXˍ024ˍ046
Data Sheet Version 1.3 06-10-2021

6.3

Evaluation Board

Figure 7

Evaluation Board Stack-up

Figure 8

Evaluation Board Layout Including Via Holes (50 mm × 50 mm, Top View)

6.4

Evaluation Kit

For a quick and easy start into radar development Silicon Radar offers SiRad Easy® r4. It is an evaluation board
system for many of our integrated IQ transceivers with antennas in package or on PCB. It comes with a reference
hardware and provides a complete design environment which can be configured via a browser-based graphicalinterface. Its rich functionality and the open communication protocol make it a versatile tool – also for enhanced
development projects.
It features: Distance measurement
 Velocity measurement Frequency modulated continuous wave mode (FMCW) Continuous wave mode (CW)
For more information about the features of SiRad Easy® r4 please visit our website
https://www.siliconradar.com and our ‘Wiki’ https://siliconradar.com/wiki/.

- 12 -

24-GHz IQ Transceiver TRXˍ024ˍ046
Data Sheet Version 1.3 06-10-2021

6.5

Input / Output Stages

The following figures show the simplified circuits of the input and output stages. It is important that the voltage
applied to the input pins never exceeds VCC by more than 0.3 V. Otherwise, the supply current may be conducted
through the upper ESD protection diode connected at the pin. RXin and TXout are DC-grounded.

Figure 9

Equivalent I/O Circuits- 13 -

24-GHz IQ Transceiver TRXˍ024ˍ046
Data Sheet Version 1.3 06-10-2021

7

Measurement Results
27.0

1111

26.5

1110

24.4
d3 swept
d2 swept
d1 swept
d0 swept

24.2

1101
1100

25.5

1011

24.0

Frequency (GHz)26.0

Frequency (GHz)

1010

25.0

1001

24.5

1000
0111

24.0

23.8

23.6
23.4

0110

23.2

0101

23.5

0100

23.0

23.0

0011

22.8

0010

22.5
0

Figure 10

0.5

1

1.5
2
2.5
Tuning Voltage Vctrl (V)

3

0

0001

3.5

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

Tuning Voltage (V)0000

VCO tuning bandwidth switching (d3|d2|d1|d0)

Figure 11

VCO tuning, d3 - d0 swept,
Vctrl = 0 = constant

VCO band switching inputs d3 to d0 can be used to switch the output frequency band as in Figure 10. As an example,
input combination ‘0101’ with d3, d1 = 3.3 V and d2, d0 = 0 includes the 24-GHz ISM band. However, the designer
should take into account that output frequency bands may shift from chip to chip, and same switch settings may
not give the same output band.
Note, VCO band switching inputs d0 - d3 are analog inputs and can be used to control the output frequency
analogically as well. The bandwidth of the switching inputs increases from d0 to d3. Any of these pins can beinterconnected to each other and / or to pin Vctrl to use different bandwidth capabilities of the VCO.

20

18

19

16

IF_Q_HG
IF_I_HG
14

17
16

Conversion Gain (dB)Conversion Gain (dB)18

IF_Q_HG
IF_I_HG
IF_Q_LG
IF_I_LG

15
14
13

12
10
8
6

12

4
11

2

10
24.0

24.2

24.4

24.6

24.8

0.6

25.0

4.6

6.6

8.6

10.6

12.6

14.6

16.6

IF Frequency (MHz)RF Frequency (GHz)

Figure 12

2.6

Conversion gain for high gain and low gain mode

- 14 -

Figure 13

Conversion for high gain mode for different
IF frequencies

24-GHz IQ Transceiver TRXˍ024ˍ046
Data Sheet Version 1.3 06-10-2021

0

0
-2

-2

-4

1dB ICP = -19dBm

IF Output Power (dBm)

IF Output Power (dBm)

-4
-6
-8
IF_Q
IF_I

-10
-12

-6
1dB ICP = -13dBm

-8
-10
-12
-14

IF_Q

-16

IF_I

-18

-14

-20
-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-35

-30

RF Input Power (dBm)

Figure 14

-25

-20

-15

-10

RF Input Power (dBm)

Linearity of receiver for high gain mode

Figure 15

Linearity of receiver for low gain mode

-40
23.08 GHz-50

24.17 GHz

Phase Noise (dBc/Hz)-60

24.63 GHz-70

26.42 GHz

-80
-90
-100
-110
-120
-130
-140
10

100

1,000

10,000Frequency Offset (kHz)Phase noise

7

5

6

4

5

3

Output Power (dBm)

Output Power (dBm)

Figure 16

4
3
2
0000
0100
1000
1100

1
0
-1

0001
0101
1001
1101

0010
0110
1010
1110

0011
0111
1011
1111

-2

2
1
0
-1
-2
-3

High Power-4

Low Power

-5
22.5

23.0

23.5

24.0

24.5

25.0

25.5

26.0

26.5

27.0

23.8

Frequency (GHz)

Figure 17

24.0

24.2

24.4

24.6

24.8

Frequency (GHz)Transmitter output power versus frequency
for all d3|d2|d1|d0 settings

Figure 18- 15 -

Transmitter output power in high and low
power mode (d3|d2|d1|d0 = 0110)

24-GHz IQ Transceiver TRXˍ024ˍ046
Data Sheet Version 1.3 06-10-2021

5.0

24.7
Vcc=3.0V
Vcc=3.3V
Vcc=3.6V

24.6

4.0

Output Power (dBm)

Frequency (GHz)

24.5

4.5

24.4
24.3
24.2
24.1

3.5
3.0
2.5

2.0
1.5

Vcc=3.3V

24.0

1.0

Vcc=3.6V

23.9

0.5

Vcc=3.0V

23.8

0.0
0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

23.8

3.5

24.0

VCO tuning curves with 300 mV pushing(d3|d2|d1|d0 = 0110)

Figure 20

24.8

22

24.6

20

24.6

Transmitter output power with 300 mV
VCO pushing (d3|d2|d1|d0 = 0110)

18

Conversion Gain (dB)

24.4

Frequency (GHz)24.4

Frequency (GHz)

Tuning Voltage (V)Figure 19

24.2

-40°C

24.2

-20°C
24.0

0°C
25°C

23.8

60°C

16
14
IF_I_-40°C
IF_I_-20°C
IF_I_0°C
IF_I_25°C
IF_I_60°C
IF_I_85°C

12
10

75°C

23.6

8

85°C
23.4
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

6

3.5

23.5

23.8

Tuning Voltage (V)Figure 21

VCO tuning curves for different temperatures(d3|d2|d1|d0 = 0110)

IF_Q_-40°C
IF_Q_-20°C
IF_Q_0°C
IF_Q_25°C
IF_Q_60°C
IF_Q_85°C

Figure 22

24.1
24.4
RF Frequency (GHz)

24.7

25

Conversion gain for different temperatures,
high gain

Note to Figure 21: Frequency stability over full temperature range is better than 10 MHz.

10

0
-40°C
25°C
85°C

9

-20°C
60°C

0°C
75°C

-1

Divider Output Power (dBm)

TX Output Power (dBm)

8
7
6
5
4
3
2

-2
85°C
25°C
-20°C
-40°C

-3
-4
-5
-6
-7

1
0

-8
23.8 23.9 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 24.5 24.6 24.7 24.8
Frequency (GHz)

Figure 23

Transmitter output power for different
temperatures

740

Figure 24- 16 -

745

750

755
760
Frequency (MHz)765

Divider output power for different
temperatures (d3|d2|d1|d0 = 0110)

770

24-GHz IQ Transceiver TRXˍ024ˍ046
Data Sheet Version 1.3 06-10-2021

Disclaimer
Silicon Radar GmbH 2021. The information contained herein is subject to change at any time without notice.
Silicon Radar GmbH assumes no responsibility or liability for any loss, damage or defect of a product which is caused in whole or in part by(i)use of any circuitry other than circuitry embodied in a Silicon Radar GmbH product,(ii)
misuse or abuse including static discharge, neglect, or accident,(iii)
unauthorized modifications or repairs which have been soldered or altered during assembly and are not capable of being tested by Silicon
Radar GmbH under its normal test conditions, or(iv)
improper installation, storage, handling, warehousing, or transportation, or(v)
being subjected to unusual physical, thermal, or electrical stress.
Disclaimer: Silicon Radar GmbH makes no warranty of any kind, express or implied, with regard to this material, and specifically disclaims any and all express
or implied warranties, either in fact or by operation of law, statutory or otherwise, including the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for use or aparticular purpose, and any implied warranty arising from course of dealing or usage of trade, as well as any common-law duties relating to accuracy or lackof negligence, with respect to this material, any Silicon Radar product and any product documentation. Products sold by Silicon Radar are not suitable orintended to be used in a life support applications or components, to operate nuclear facilities, or in other mission critical applications where human life may
be involved or at stake. All sales are made conditioned upon compliance with the critical uses policy set forth below.
CRITICAL USE EXCLUSION POLICY: BUYER AGREES NOT TO USE SILICON RADAR GMBH'S PRODUCTS FOR ANY APPLICATIONS OR IN ANY COMPONENTS USED IN
LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR TO OPERATE NUCLEAR FACILITIES OR FOR USE IN OTHER MISSION-CRITICAL APPLICATIONS OR COMPONENTS WHERE HUMAN LIFEOR PROPERTY MAY BE AT STAKE.
Silicon Radar GmbH owns all rights, titles and interests to the intellectual property related to Silicon Radar GmbH's products, including any software, firmware,
copyright, patent, or trademark. The sale of Silicon Radar GmbH’s products does not convey or imply any license under patent or other rights. Silicon Radar
GmbH retains the copyright and trademark rights in all documents, catalogs and plans supplied pursuant to or ancillary to the sale of products or services by
Silicon Radar GmbH. Unless otherwise agreed to in writing by Silicon Radar GmbH, any reproduction, modification, translation, compilation, or representationof this material shall be strictly prohibited.

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