DEVELOPMENT OFDISASTER RISKMANAGEMENT
PLAN IN VIET NAM
LESSONS LEARNEDFROM JAPANKobe, March 2024

OUTLINE
1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION
2 DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN JAPAN AND VIETNAM
3LESSONS LEARNED FOR VIET NAM

4RECCOMENDATIONS

1. BACKGROUND INFORMATIONRationale• The development of DRM plans is an important step in enhancing a country's resilience to naturaldisasters.
• In Viet Nam, current disaster management policies and efforts focus largely on emergencyresponse and disaster recovery, and less so on risk reduction, prevention, and adaptation.
• Japan has a long history of dealing with natural disasters and has developed a wealth ofknowledge and experience in minimizing damage from disasters.
• Japan has also been actively sharing its knowledge and expertise with other countries throughinitiatives and best practices, visit research programs, etc.
• Viet Nam can learn from Japan's experience in developing and implementing effective disasterrisk management plans.

1. BACKGROUNDINFORMATION
Research objectives• Have overview picture of DRM planning system inJapan and Vietnam.
• Provide recommendations and key insights forVietnam in the development of DRM plan, drawing
from the experiences and lessons learned from Japan.
• Understand and address the challenges faced by both
Viet Nam and Japan, and to apply these insights to thedevelopment of effective DRM strategies.

2. DRM PLAN IN JAPAN AND VIETNAM
The Law on Disaster Prevention and Control 2013
The Amendment of Law NDPC and Law on Dyke Management 2020
Other Guiding Decrees, Circulars and Resolutions
National Strategy for Natural Disaster Prevention and Control
approveprepare(National Natural Disaster
Prevention and ControlPlan)

Prime Minister

MARD in coordination
with the Ministry ofNational Defense andrelevant authorities

Ministerial DRM Plan

Minister

Ministerial level Standing
office of NDPC committee

Provincial DRM Plan

Provincial People’sCommittee

Provincial Standing officeof NDPC committee(DARD)

District level DRM
Plan

District People’s
Committee

District's Standing office ofNDPC committee (District
Agricultural office)Communal level
DRM PlanCommunal People’s
Committee

Officer in charge

National DRM PlanDRM PLANNING SYSTEM IN JAPANDRM PLANNING SYSTEM IN VIET NAM

52. DRM PLAN IN JAPANIn Japan, the DRM Planning system has comprised of 5 levels including:1.

Basic Disaster Risk Management Plan: This plan is the highest-level plan and constitutes the basis fordisaster management activities prepared by the National Disaster Management Council based on theDisaster Countermeasures Basic Act.

2.

Disaster Management Operation Plan: This is a plan made by each designated government organization anddesignated public corporation based on the Basic Disaster Risk Management Plan.

3.

Prefectural Disaster Risk Management Plan: This is a plan made by each Prefectural, subject to local
circumstances and based on the Basic Disaster Risk Management Plan.

4.

Municipal Disaster Risk Management Plan: This is plan made by Municipal disaster management Council,
subject to local circumstances and based on the Basic Disaster Risk Management Plan.

5.

Community Disaster Risk Management Plan: This is disaster management activities plan at the community
level which is established by residents and businesses jointly on a voluntary basis.

6

2. DRM PLAN IN VIET NAM• In Viet Nam, the DRM Planning system has comprised of 5 levels including:
1.

National Disaster Risk Management Plan

2.

Ministerial Disaster Risk Management Plan

3.

Provincial Disaster Management Operation Plan:

4.

District level Disaster Risk Management Plan

5.

Communal level Disaster Risk Management Plan• DRM Plans are developed according to a 5-year planning cycle corresponding to the socio-economic development
plan and are adjusted annually.
• People's Committees at all levels organize the development and approval of local DRM plans and report tosuperior People's Committees for synthesis and direction.
• Provincial DRM plans and Ministerial DRM Plan are reported to MARD and Ministry of National Defense.
• MARD presides and coordinates with the Ministry of National Defense, ministries, ministerial-level agencies,
Government agencies and localities to develop a National DRM Plan to submit to the Prime Minister for approval.

2. LOCAL DRM PLAN IN VIET NAM
DRM Assessment
An evaluation of the current state of disaster risk management.

Legal basis
DRM Law, the Law on Irrigation, the National
Strategy for Natural Disaster Management,
and other relevant under law documents.

Risk Determination and Assessment
Identify common types of natural disasters and determining the scope,method, and contents of the assessment.

Disaster Management Measures

Objectives and Requirements• Align with the policies of the Communist
Party, the Government, and the Provincial
People’s Council/ District People’s Council/Communal People’s Council.
• In accordance with the natural disastermanagement strategy, planning, and plan at a
central/provincial/district/communal level, as
well as forecasts, warnings, and the actual
situation and resources of the localities.

Preparedness, response, recovery, and reconstruction measures suitable
for levels of disaster risks, as well as an integrated flood management planfor provincial river basins and other related plans.

Outline of local
DRM PlanIntegration of DRM Contents
Determine measures and methods for integrating DRM contents into
socio-economic development planning and plans.

Resource Allocation and SchedulingCharacteristics of the localities• Natural Characteristics• Demographic, Socio-Economic, and Main
Infrastructural Characteristics

Determine the resources and schedule for each year and for every
five-year period.

Responsibility
Determine the responsibilities of organizations and individuals for
implementing, inspecting, and supervising the implementation of theDRM plan.

2. CHALLENGES OF VIET NAM IN
DEVELOPING THE DRM PLAN
• Lack of Information and Forecasting• Public awareness and participation• Coordination Among Relevant Agencies and Units• Limited funding and resources• Emergency response• Capacity building3. LESSONS LEARNED FOR VIETNAM
Strengthening community-based disaster risk management
Japan's commitment to community engagement and education in disaster preparedness is deeply ingrained in disasterplans at both national and local levels, underscoring the nation's dedication to empowering individuals andcommunities to respond to and recover from disasters effectively.

Town-Watching for Disaster Prevention

DRR drill for community

Public awareness eventsand disaster memorial museums3. LESSONS LEARNED FOR VIETNAM
Enhancing Infrastructure for Disaster resilience
Japan's emphasis on resilient infrastructure, such as earthquake-resistant buildings and tsunami barriers, flood gates,etc. highlights the importance of investing in infrastructure that can withstand natural hazards.

Floodgates protect from typhoons
and storm surges in Osaka

Evacuation signs inemergency situations

DRR Michi-no-eki serve as
Community support during emergencies

3. LESSONS LEARNED FOR VIETNAM
Strengthening Public-private partnership
In Japan, public-private partnerships play a crucial role in disaster management, leveraging the strengths and resourcesof both government entities and private sector organizations to enhance preparedness, response, and recovery efforts.

Japan Bosai Platform

Weather News Inc.

3. LESSONS LEARNS FOR VIETNAM
Developing Inclusive DRR plan
On April 28th, 2021, Japan's House of Councilors passed the "Bill for the Partial Revision of the Basic Act on Disaster
Management etc." This bill was subsequently promulgated on May 10th and enforced on May 20th, 2021, under Law
number 30. As a result of this amendment, Japanese local governments are now mandated to develop individual
evacuation plans for vulnerable populations, including people with disabilities and the elderly, who face significant
challenges during disasters.

Beppu City Inclusive evacuation drill3. LESSONS LEARNED FOR VIETNAM
Enhancing cooperation and coordination in developing DRM Plan
• In Japan, the development of the DRM Plan will be taken by the consultation with the support from theGovernment official. This collaborative approach ensures that the DRM Plans are widely consulted and morepractical, as they incorporate diverse perspectives beyond just government staff.
• Japan also has a platform where local government officials collaborate to support the development ofprefectural and municipal DRM plans. This platform serves as a forum for exchanging information and sharing
experiences related to the creation of these plans.
• Regular revisions of disaster plan at both the national and local
levels are essential, informed by lessons learned from past disasters
both within and outside the region. Japan's disaster plans arerevised regularly to ensure they remain up-to-date and effective in
addressing evolving risks and challenges.

4. RECOMMENDATIONS• While Vietnam may not have community-level DRM plans like Japan, it
can leverage the concept of CBDRM as a form of community plan. By
promoting CBDRM and incorporating best practices from Japan and othercountries, Vietnam can enhance disaster preparedness and resilience at
the grassroots level.
• In disaster-prone areas like Central Vietnam, the DRM plan should
prioritize measures such as reinforced buildings, elevated roads, andimproved drainage systems, while also promoting construction initiatives
tailored to the local characteristics.
• The local authorities in Vietnam can gain significant advantages byenlisting the services of a consultant to develop a thorough local DRM
plan. This brings precise insights from experts in the field, ensures thatthe DRM plan is developed according to international standards and bestpractices from other countries and regions.

ありがとうございます！
XIN CẢM ƠN!

ADRC Visiting ResearcherVu Thuy Duong
Department of International Cooperation and Science Technology
Viet Nam Disaster and Dyke Management Authority
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development