๬਴ग़४উॺઅଽ৾ভ౶ਏਸ਼ಀThe Journal of
SHOUHEI Egyptian Archaeological Association

Vol.7ূ঩মব੠প৾๬਴ग़४উॺઅଽ৾ভ
SHOUHEI Egyptian Archaeological Association
Higashi Nippon International University, Japan

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ჭ૒

1
ISSN 2187-0772

நနқҫӊһ৤ॾ޻‫ࡉݶ‬ᅆ്̜ 7 ৽ 2019 ໪
The Journal of SHOUHEI Egyptian Archaeological Association,
Higashi Nippon International University, Vol.7, 2019ჭ૒= ߪຆॶ ? ¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦ ᆝಗৗઝ ¦¦¦¦¦

2= ිਬ၅਄ ?
Ңӈ‫്ܫ‬ϩѣಬ ಬତᇛ̸૳഑෕ਯ၈ਇ̜ђѣϪ̸¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦ ༫ძᄤ໲̟આใ‫چ‬໰

¦¦¦¦¦

3

̜¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦ ৹๧ྗျ̟ߤჿ᫸‫̟ܢ‬ඩ൙ᆁ̟൮শᅊથ̟౧ਖ਼ᇚથ̟ҕҗ̷Ҩ̡ҫҳӦ ¦¦¦¦¦

11Ңӈ‫ ്ܫ‬2 ѣಬୟ๙‫ڭ‬࿿ѣྌ༆‫ݺ‬ҝӦҨҗһခ౸ ¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦ ‫٭‬࿫ಸჺ̟ಙ൮‫ږ‬ᅪ̟ᇭಝ٪ᅬਰ̟ඩ‫گ‬ಝ ¦¦¦¦¦

21Ңӈ‫ ്ܫ‬2 ѣಬୟ๙‫ڭ‬࿿ѣᄜࡀ࿿૲ѣခ౸

Brief Report of the Excavations at Dahshur North: Twenty-Fifth Season, 2018̜¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦ Sakuji YOSHIMURA, Ken YAZAWA, Jiro KONDO, Hiroyuki KASHIWAGI,
Seria YAMAZAKI, Nonoka ISHIZAKI and Motoharu ARIMURA ¦¦¦¦¦

35= ဦୄছࡉ ? ¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦ ࡧഡ੣૔ ¦¦¦¦¦

762நနқҫӊһ৤ॾ޻‫ࡉݶ‬ᅆ്̜ 7 ৽߭ຉॹ̜޻৒ၔఘநနἷ๫໙ႏਈ੒ൌ޻қҫӊһ৤ॾ޻य़ࢅ୹ѣࡉᅆѷਘ‫ݸ‬ќ 7 ৽Ѡџѿѳьє̞ࡉᅆ҇໪Ϩ‫ݸ‬ѹ
2 ‫ݸ‬ѠঀซѐяѠୟའюҀѝйлѣѤрџѿәҾ̷Ңќ̝ంಶႴѣзҀ຿ᄵ҇ WEB ќюхѠ঱‫ގ‬юҀѝйлଛၔѤਘঞѷయ஖ъҁҀѮтшѝѕѝપйѳю̞̜પнѥႏय़ࢅ୹сୟᅗћрѾ 5 ໪сफіѳю਼̞୸Ѥഘфрўлрஜь௿༖ќьєс̝юќѠ೨‫ڹ‬ใൌ޻
ќ 50 ໪ѣᆿઞсзјєқҫӊһ෕ਯѤᄸѾхшѝџф̝ႏ޻ѝьћѷ঑ҁҀѷѣќю̞ຠѠ̝ႏ޻Ѡ໙ႏѣқҫӊһ৤ॾ޻ѣඩ௿с‫ڥ‬јћрѾంьй෕ਯ̡य़ࢅс 2 љઢѶѾҁєшѝѤൌဦ঑Ѿьйшѝќю̞ѳє̝ႏ޻ѣफ੆फ۫޻࿫Ѡқҫӊһ৤ॾ޻ӑӀ̷ҫӔӦһҦ̷Ҭс੣Ѿҁ̝1 ໪ౡѣඩрѾ 10 ჏ѣ޻ౡс࠶ၱь̝ଦ৭ьћйҀшѝѤ࠳ьйॻѿќю̞̜й҄т్҇‫މ‬Ѡষцєқҫӊһ৤ॾ޻ѣ཈௹ඒѝюѮф̝ਘঞѝѷ๗ᆜьћѰьйѝપйѳю̞ᆝಗ̜ৗઝ޻৒ၔఘநနἷ̜ᅬૉේ
நနқҫӊһ৤ॾ޻‫ݶ̜ݶ‬ේ!

Ңӈ‫്ܫ‬ϩѣಬ ಬତᇛ̸̜૳഑෕ਯ၈ਇ ђѣϪ̸

3Ңӈ‫്ܫ‬ϩѣಬ!ಬତᇛ
̸૳഑෕ਯ၈ਇ!ђѣ 4̸༫ძ̜ᄤ໲ͱ 1̡山田 綾乃ͱ 2

Preliminary Report on the wooden pieces of the Khufu Second Boat
Part 3: Forecastle
Hiroyuki KASHIWAGI*1, Ayano YAMADA*2

1̠ѤэѶѠ
̜໙ႏ̡қҫӊһ৾ຎ෕ਯേѠѽҀҢӈ‫ ്ܫ‬2 ѣಬဲഝ̡࿳९ӊӠҫҚҢһќѤ̝ძ੕҇໷Ѷє൫঺ͅಬ঺͆
рѾද̝ᆏ̝ึ‫گ‬ќ৔౗ъҁєࠋ‫ڠ‬џ๫ܵͅҠҝҬҢ͆ѣ࿫੕с཈।ъҁє̞шѣ৔ഉ࿿ѣᄼૡѹࡋრ҇ग़ກьєॆ‫̝ݑ‬ᆦಅюҀ് 1 ѣಬѣ͑ಬତᇛ͒ͅFig. 1͆ѝᆭ૊ьћйҀшѝсབბьє̞ђшќႏঢ়Ѡпйћѷшҁ҇ಬତᇛѝॿѫшѝѠь̝ଙѿ௒чѾҁє࿫੕ѣ၈ਇ҇৫йєй 1)̞

ͅࡧഡ 2009, ఩ 3 ѽѿ͆Fig. 1്̜ 1 ѣಬ ಬତᇛͱ 1 ๫໙ႏਈ੒ൌ޻қҫӊһ৤ॾ޻य़ࢅ୹̡ࡱ‫ࢲۀ‬଩
ͱ 2 ೨‫ڹ‬ใൌ޻ဍ޻޻ୠ‫̡ۈ‬༩ડঞ࠽‫ݢ‬น

ͱ 1 Visiting Professor, Institute of Egyptian Archaeology,
Higashi-Nippon International University
ͱ 2 Doctral Student, Graduage school of Letters, Arts, and Sciences,
Waseda Universityநနқҫӊһ޻‫ࡉݶ‬ᅆ്̜ 8 ৽

4

2. ࿫੕ѣ၈ਇ̜ಬତᇛѣ࿫੕Ѥ̝൫঺ͅಬ঺͆຿ѣ౧ൿࣞфѠେඩь̝ึ‫گ‬ཝѤಇѿ୔џјє࿫੕ѣ਼ѷ௒Ѡ඙рҁ̝දѤђѣ໋ᇱѠဗѮѾҁћйєͅFig. 2̞͆
̜ึ‫گ‬Ѥ 5 ႏѣᆏѣ௒Ѡ 6 ႚѣཝ (O0079-0084) ҇࿖тဗѮє৔ഉќ̝಻ളѤ୓Ѡේйോजနო҇ьћйҀ
ͅFig. 3̞͆ಬତᇛѣ჏с૙юѽлѠಬѣಬତഋѠඞрҁєѝ৤нѾҁ̝࿴ѣࢶйၒсಬତ̝࿴ѣৄйၒсಬ

O0079
上面

O0080

O0081

O0082

O0083

O0084

Fig. 2̜ಬତᇛ࿫੕ѣग़ୟ௢ࢴ

01m

Fig. 3̜ึ‫گ‬下面Ңӈ‫്ܫ‬ϩѣಬ ಬତᇛ̸̜૳഑෕ਯ၈ਇ ђѣϪ̸ྑѝџҀ̞ಬ঺຿ќѤ࿴ѣࢶйಬତഋ҇౧Ѡষцћ඙рҁ̝಻ളࡋრѤ̝

5

ี‫ڮ‬ཛྷ

ཝၒষсᄄ 2000mm̝ಬତഋсᄄ 1100mm̝ಬྑഋѣ࿴сᄄ 1530mm ѝ।ि౺ѷѾҁє̞
̜ཝѣ঵ѴѤᄄ 15mm ѝ༱ф̝ཝຎડѤ 5 Ө୹ѣ޴ѕѱќᇍॆъҁћйҀ̞ᆎᆋഋѣ 2 ႚѤ࿴сᄄ 80mmͅO0079̝͆ᄄ 55mmͅO0084͆ѝࢶф̝දѣ಑ൿ҇೥໛юҀєѶѣঽсђҁѓҁ 5 љ‫ގ‬цѾҁћйє̞‫ڵ‬ၒᆋൿѣ঵ѴѤཝѣ༗Ѱўѣ 30mm น๘зѿ̝ཝѝйлѽѿѤ̝ද҇ଦцҀ͑ी͒ѝ।џьєၒсหಃќзҀ̞ཝͅO0079͆ќѤ࿴ 80mm ѣлі 60mm сीѠзєථѿ̝ગҀ࿫ခѤ঵Ѵ҇ॳѾьึ‫گ‬ཝѣ‫ڵ‬࿫ѠџјћйҀ̞юџ҄іीѣ௒ოсึ‫گ‬ო҇ॎѢҀ৔ഉќзјє̞̜5 љ ѣ ঽ Ѥ ෟ झ 20mm̝ ࠗ ޹ Ѥ ಬ ତ ഋ р Ѿ ᄄ 515mm̝ ᄄ 480mm̝ ᄄ
500mm̝ᄄ 515mm ќзјє̞ঽѤཝოѠവьଁѶѠಥєҁћпѿ̝ђѣষтѤදс‫ܛ‬ෟѠॕћѾҁћйєџѾѥึ‫گ‬ოсࠌѹрџঅ҇ྸфजѠ‫ގ‬цѾҁћйєͅFig. 4̞͆ཝѹᆏѤಬ঺຿ќဦजь̝ึ‫گ‬ѣ๵୸ѣज҇ෟಅ

Fig. 4̜ද̡ी̡ᆏѣпъѳѿ

‫ޱ‬໢юҀшѝѤќтџрјєс̝ӧҜ̷Ӟһचќзјє݉໸ౖс৹й̞̜ᆏͅO0078, O0085, O0088-0090͆Ѥཝѣ݁ഋѠ̝шҁѝෟফюҀၒষѠ 5 ႏ๎ъҁєͅFig. 5̞͆ᆏѣᆋൿѠѤঽс‫ގ‬цѾҁ̝ึ‫گ‬ཝѣᆋᇱѠ‫ގ‬цѾҁє 5 љѣঽѠ୔ѢѾҁћйҀ̞ᆏѣ࿴Ѥ 50 ̼ 55mm̝݁ഋѤйяҁѷࣇოѠ݈ীъҁ̝঵ѴѤ਼ѷൌтйѝш҂ќᄄ 25mm ќзјє̞єѕьᆏѣᆋൿ̝ीѣ࿴ѠзєҀᄄ 65mm ѣ࿫ခѣ݁ოѤ̝ࣇო҇੤јћန൶Ѡъҁћйє̞

O0085

O0090

O0078

O0089

O0088
0

1m
Fig. 5̜ᆏநနқҫӊһ޻‫ࡉݶ‬ᅆ്̜ 8 ৽

6

̜5 ႏѣᆏѣліᆋൿѣ 2 ႏͅO0078, O0085͆Ѥ̝௒ოѣ຿ഋབྷခ҇ึ‫گ‬ཝѣ঵Ѵခѕц੤јћඍ҇੣ѿ̝ђшѠึ‫گ‬ཝѣൿсੑҀѽлџઘ೏ѴѠџјћйєͅFig. 6, 7̞͆‫ڵ‬ඍ৹й‫ޓ‬ഋབྷခѤึ‫گ‬ཝѣ௒ოѝьћ୷ᅬъҁћйҀ̞ඩѣ 3 ႏ (O0088-0090) ѣᆏѤ̝௒ოсန൶Ѡ݈ীъҁћཝ҇બн̝ᆋൿѤ‫ڵ‬ඍ੤ѿᅝѝъҁћीсੑҀ৔ഉѠџјћйє̞̜ᆏѝཝѠѤᆋଅ҇ࠔ෭юҀঽс࿸ి‫ގ‬цѾҁћйє̞ঽѤ 30mm Ѱўᅲҁє 2 ॽ‫ڵ‬വ‫ގ‬цѾҁ̝ђҁѓҁѣ‫ޓ‬ഋѠзєҀᆏѣ݁ოѝཝѣ௒ოѠѤ 2 љѣঽ҇भхѽлѠಞй৙сਆѳҁћйє̞ᆭ૊ьє 2 ॽ‫ڵ‬വѣঽѤ৚ཝ૭ќ໢ѶѾҁ̝သཝѝ‫ܨ‬ઊཻ̝ཝѝ‫ܨ‬ઊ̝৐Ѡึ‫گ‬ཝѝઊсшѣঽѠძย҇೥໛ьћᅾѶѾҁћй
є̞ѳє৙ѠѤӕӞҲӞѷ࡬ѶѾҁћйє̞ಬତᇛѣ 2 ॽ‫ڵ‬വѣঽѷᆏѝཝ҇ᅾѶҀєѶѠ‫ގ‬цѾҁ̝ຎᄼѣଛၔќಅඨъҁє݉໸ౖс৹йс̝࿫੕ѣ௢഻с‫ٶ‬фძยѹӕӞҲӞѤ‫ޱ‬໢ќтџрјє̞̜ीѝᆏсফਮюҀਭ‫ ۍ‬5 Ө୹ѣঽѠѤ̝ल 10 ႏѣදс‫ڕ‬඙ьћйєѝ৤нѾҁҀс̝шҁѳќѠଙѿ௒чѾҁєදѤ 6 ႏͅO0091-0096͆ѠᅾѳјћйҀͅFig. 8̞͆йяҁѷึ‫گ‬ཝѣ໋ᇱѠදຉ҇౧Ѡষцћ඙рҁћйє̞೴эћ௢഻с‫ٶ‬ф̝๵୸ѣේъ҇૙ю߱಻џදѤ‫ڵ‬ႏѷџрјє̞шѣєѶީ̴ѣදсўѣ‫ڕ‬඙ѠృнѾҁћйєр҇එҀшѝѤਙ໎ќзҀ̞̜දѤӌӞѣज҇ьєදຉ҇ྐнє͑ҹӦһѣબද͒चѠခᆭъҁҀᄼૡќ̝ඊოѤදຉ̝දఓѝѷѠ‫܆‬जќзҀ਼̞ෛ࿫ѠѤीѝᆏѣঽѠ೥໛юҀ‫܆‬๺जѣ૥с੤ѿୟъҁћйҀ̞ѳєදఓѣෟझѤ݁ၒѰў஛ъфџјћйҀ̞ީදѣౌၔ҇‫ڵ‬ᅦќྴ૙юҀͅFig. 9, Table1̞̜͆ද (O0094) ѠѤ̝ӌӞचѠၷѾ҈ѕђѣю
х݁Ѡୌ્ѣਆಧсࠒੴъҁєͅFig. 10̞͆‫ۍ‬ॸ҇‫ڞ‬ႴюҀ imr-wrt ѝ৤нѾҁ̝දѣ‫ڕ‬඙҇૙ю݉໸ౖс࢒чѾҁҀ̞џпണѣ 5 ႏѣදѠѤຎэ௙୹ѠਆಧѤ໢ѶѾҁџрјє̞ѳєදͅO0091͆ѣ૥ѠѤ 3 ႏѣਆಧсࠒੴ

O0079

ъҁє̞

O0078

Fig. 6̜ᆏ̡ीѣпъѳѿ௉੎

Fig. 7̜৔ၔრૡ఩

Ңӈ‫്ܫ‬ϩѣಬ ಬତᇛ̸̜૳഑෕ਯ၈ਇ ђѣϪ̸

O0091

O0092

O0093

O0094

7

O0095

O0096

0

1m

Fig. 8̜ද

c

f

a

b

0

5cm

e
d

Fig. 9̜දީ࿫ѣ჏஻

Fig. 10̜ဍ્ѣਆѳҁєදͅO0094͆

ͅ൴‫ ڕ‬: mm͆

Table 1̜ީදѣౌၔ‫ڵ‬ᅦ૥ේъͅa͆
૥झ (b)
දຉේъ (c)දຉ਼ൌझ (d)දఓझ (e)಻ේͅગഝ࿫͆(f)

O0091
58
18
67
60
32-38
1632

O0092
17
68
30-32
1249

O0093
54
15
27-34
1232

O0094
53
12
75
53
22-33
1406

O0095
70
17
67
51
20-37
1686

O0096
53
17
70
58
23-37
886

8

நနқҫӊһ޻‫ࡉݶ‬ᅆ്̜ 8 ৽3̠ಬତᇛѣ‫ڕ‬඙̜ಬ঺рѾଙѿ௒чѾҁє৚ཝͅடཝ͆ѣඩѠ̝಑ѣಖјєോज҇ь̝ᆋᇱѠ 5 љѣঽсಥєҁє࿫੕сࠟѳҁћйєͅ༫ძ̡આใ 2018̞͆ঽѣࠗ޹Ѥ಑ѣಖјєഋрѾ୶Ѡ̝ষрјћ‫ۍ‬ഋсᄄ 520mm̝ᄄ 520mm̝
ᄄ 495mm̝ᄄ 524mm̝ਭഋсᄄ 470mm̝ᄄ 520mm̝ᄄ 480mm̝ᄄ 495mm ќзјє̞ѳєঽ҇ॆ҈ќќтҀോजѤ࿴ѣࢶйഋсᄄ 1000mm̝࿴ѣৄйഋс 1500mm̝ཝၒষѣේъѤᄄ 2000mm ќзјє̞̜ ‫ ڵ‬ၒ ಬ ତ ᇛ ѣ ึ ‫ گ‬Ѡ ‫ ގ‬ц Ѿ ҁ є ঽ ѣ ࠗ ޹ Ѥ̝ ௢ ഻ ѣ ᆖ й ‫ ۍ‬ഋͅO0079͆ ќ ᄄ 515mm̝ ᄄ 480mm̜ ᄄ
500mm̜ᄄ 515mm ѝल഑ъҁ̝ѳєঽ҇ॆ҈ѕോजနოѤ࿴ѣࢶйၒсᄄ 1050mm̝ৄйഋсᄄ 1480mm̝ཝၒষсᄄ 2000mm ќзјє̞̜ᆋଅѣඐѤࣞ૊юҀѝйјћѽф̝৚ཝѣঽѠಬତᇛѣදс೥໛ъҁћйєѝ৤нѾҁҀ̞ঽѤ৚ཝѣ಑ൿࣞф̝৚ཝѣ‫ܖ‬Ѡ܏јћ‫ގ‬цѾҁћйє̞шѣ৚ཝѤಬളѣॸഋཝѠෟಅಅьћйєѝ৤нѾҁҀшѝр
Ѿ̝ಬତᇛѷѳєಬളѣ‫ܖ‬Ѡࣞй௙୹ѠॕћѾҁћйєѝೢซъҁҀͅFig. 11̞͆

4. ஛ॆ̜ಬ঺ѣ౧ഋрѾಬତᇛѣ࿫੕сग़ୟъҁє̞ਭ‫ ۍ‬5 ႏяљѣදѣ௒Ѡђҁѓҁᆏс 5 ႏ‫ݒ‬цѾҁ̝දᇀѠ܏јћीсੑѐѾҁє̞ीѣ௒ოѤึ‫گ‬௒ო҇ॎѢ̝ीѣࠗѠ 4 ႚѣึ‫گ‬ཝс๎ъҁє̞̜ਭ‫ۍ‬Ѡ 5 љѣঽсಥєҁє৚ཝсଙѿ௒чѾҁћпѿ̝ঽѣࠗ޹Ѥ࿳८ъҁєಬତᇛѣදࠗ޹ѝѰѱ‫ڵ‬කьћйє̞ђѣєѶшѣ৚ཝѣঽѠಬତᇛѣදс೥໛ъҁєѝೢซъҁҀ̞දঽѤ৚ཝѣ‫ܖ‬Ѡ܏јћ‫ގ‬цѾҁ̝ѳє৚ཝѤಬളѠಅьћйєѝ৤нѾҁҀшѝрѾ̝ಬତᇛѤಬତഋ಑ൿࣞфѠ̝ಬളѣ‫ܖ‬Ѡ܏лѽлѠ༖඙ъҁћйєшѝсბѾрѝџјє̞

Fig. 11̜ಬତᇛయซ࿳८఩

ଆ૞̜ႏ၈ਇѤ͑Ңӈ‫ ്ܫ‬2 ѣಬဲഝ࿳९ӊӠҫҚҢһ͒Ѡпйћ૳഑пѽѨ࿳८҇൷๵ьє౗‫ݑ‬ѣ‫ڵ‬࿫ќзҀ̞ӊӠҫҚҢһѭѣઅ݈҇щ࢕݉йєѕйє̝໙ႏഋൊྴѣࡧഡ੣૔๫໙ႏਈ੒ൌ޻޻ේѠఇф߷ଆఈь௒чҀ૒്ќзҀ̞ѳєॶඒ෕ਯѣశ৫ѠзєјћѤ਌‫ݔ‬຿িநॶ௙ଘໟͅ๫໙ႏਈ੒ൌ޻ࢲ଩̝͆ӑӓҼҘ̷ӂ̡Ңӈ‫്ܫ‬ϩѣಬ ಬତᇛ̸̜૳഑෕ਯ၈ਇ ђѣϪ̸9Ҳ̷ӂॶ௙ࠇມ߲ͅҡҩ৤ॾૉჄ୹ଘໟਯੴ߲̝͆ҕҗ̷Ҩ̡ҫҳӦဲഝଳ࿳ଘໟ࡚ୠଅͅൌқҫӊһ༩࿿ࠜဲഝଳ࿳ҮӦҲ̷࿫ේ͆ѠຠѠп్ᇮѠџјє̞ଙѿ௒ч҇൷๵ьє৹ࢳନর઴ͅ๫໙ႏਈ੒ൌ޻ࡱ‫ۀ‬৭ન̝͆ଳ࿳੣ࣅѣѝѿѳѝѶ҇৫јє౧ਖ਼ᇚથ઴ͅ๫໙ႏਈ੒ൌ޻ࡱ‫ۀ‬୩ࢲ଩͆ѠѤ࿫੕Ѡљйћᄜᅀџ஄ॹ҇йєѕйє̞৾҄ѐћ߷ଆఈь௒чєй̞̜ႏঢ়ѣ఩འ੣౗ѠзєјћѤ̝ਡࠠ‫ͅٯ‬ბ૔ൌ޻ဍ޻࿫ 4 ໪̝͆‫ڔ‬຀ॆ‫ͅݟ‬೨‫ڹ‬ใൌ޻ဍ޻࿫ 3 ໪͆Ѡࢥᆜйєѕйє̞пᆶఈь௒чҀ̞̜ႏӊӠҫҚҢһѤ̝ລᅶ৫ౘၔఘਈ੒ࢥᆜࡀ৔ͅJICA̝͆ͅߗ͆Ҿһӝ̝ͅߗ͆ҕҤһ̝NPO ၔఘഥᅊѣಬ࿳९य़ࢅ୹๸ѣᄬ઎̝തфѣબ܎ଅѣщ࠴࿌Ѡѽѿశ৫ъҁє̞࠙ओީ‫ڕ‬Ѡ௿ѽѿఇଆѣ‫ྴ҇ڞ‬юҀ̞ѳєय़ࢅ࿫ჸѠ࠙ьћѤ໙ႏ޻ୠఁࢺ‫޻ݏݶ‬य़ࢅྊ္஄̡ࣟ࠱཰य़ࢅͅA͆͑ॾൊқҫӊһ̡Ңӈ‫ ്ܫ‬2 ѣಬѣ࿳९Ѡ࠙юҀय़ࢅ͒ͅय़ࢅൊྴଅ̢਌‫ݔ‬຿িந̝‫ݢ‬൏཯৽ 26257309͆пѽѨଔଛय़ࢅͅB͆͑࿫੕཯࿌ҪҬҹӓ‫ݷ‬ბѠѽҀॾൊқҫӊһძഉಬѣഉಬীนय़ࢅ͒ͅय़ࢅൊྴଅ̢આใ‫چ‬໰̝‫ݢ‬൏཯৽ 17K13570͆ѣ‫ࠅڵ‬ѝьћకѶѾҁє̞ඳ1) шҁѳќѣफ‫ڧ‬пѽѨ࿫੕ѣ௉੎ѠљйћѤ‫݁ړ‬ѣઅ৤ဍफ़҇અவъҁєй̞અ৤ဍफ़
Zidan, E., Yoshimura, S., Taha, M., Kurokochi, H., Abarabou, A., Nishisaka, A.
2017 Identification and selection of wood used in the Khufu’s Boat, Science of Ancient Egyptian Materials andTechnologies Conference, Cairo.
༫ძᄤ໲
2018͑ॾൊқҫӊһ̝Ңӈ‫ ്ܫ‬2 ѣಬѣ৚ཝ૭ѠᅀйѾҁєॕഉ࡚ୠѠљйћ͓͒ඒඩ‫޻އ‬य़ࢅ്͔ 41 ৽̝pp.109126̞
༫ძᄤ໲̡આใ‫چ‬໰
2016 ͑Ңӈ‫ ്ܫ‬2 ѣಬѣ৚ཝ૭ќᅀйѾҁє࿫੕ѣ෕ਯय़ࢅ͓͒ҝӝқӦһ്͔ 59 ്߭ 2 ৽̝pp.264-265̞
2017a͑Ңӈ‫ ്ܫ‬2 ѣಬ૳഑෕ਯ၈ਇ̜ђѣ 1 ͘৚ཝ૭࿫੕Ѡљйћ͓͒͘நနқҫӊһ৤ॾ޻‫ࡉݶ‬ᅆ͔
് 4 ৽̝pp.16-71̞
2017b͑Ңӈ‫ ്ܫ‬2 ѣಬ ৚ཝѣ༖඙ѝ৔ၔ͓͒ҝӝқӦһ്͔ 60 ്߭ 2 ৽̝pp.259-260̞
2018 ͑Ңӈ‫ ്ܫ‬2 ѣಬ ৚ཝ̜͘૳഑෕ਯ၈ਇђѣ 2 ͓͒͘நနқҫӊһ৤ॾ޻‫ࡉݶ‬ᅆ്͔ 6 ৽̝pp.3-55̞਌‫ݔ‬຿িந̡ࡧഡ੣૔
2012 ͑2011 ໪ഥᅊѣಬӊӠҫҚҢһߋຍ၈ਇ͓͒қҫӊһ޻य़ࢅ്͔ 18 ৽̝pp. 69-76̞
2013 ͑2012 ໪ഥᅊѣಬӊӠҫҚҢһߋຍ၈ਇ͓͒қҫӊһ޻य़ࢅ്͔ 19 ৽̝pp. 5-13̞
2014 ͑2013 ໪ഥᅊѣಬӊӠҫҚҢһߋຍ၈ਇ͓͒қҫӊһ޻य़ࢅ്͔ 20 ৽̝pp. 5-11̞
2015 ͑2014 ໪ഥᅊѣಬӊӠҫҚҢһߋຍ၈ਇ͓͒қҫӊһ޻य़ࢅ്͔ 21 ৽̝pp. 5-18̞
2016 ͑2015 ໪ഥᅊѣಬӊӠҫҚҢһߋຍ၈ਇ͓͒қҫӊһ޻य़ࢅ്͔ 22 ৽̝pp. 5-13̞
2017 ͑2016 ໪ഥᅊѣಬӊӠҫҚҢһߋຍ၈ਇ͓͒қҫӊһ޻य़ࢅ്͔ 23 ৽̝pp. 106-113̞
2018 ͑2017 ໪ഥᅊѣಬӊӠҫҚҢһߋຍ၈ਇ͓͒қҫӊһ޻य़ࢅ്͔ 24 ৽̝pp. 3-10̞ॾൊқҫӊһҢӈ‫ܫ‬ӇӜӒҶҼ്͑ 2 ѣಬ͒ѣဲഝଳ࿳Ѡ࠙юҀय़ࢅӊӠҫҚҢһय़ࢅ୹ဩ
2002 ͑ഥᅊѣಬ [I] ͘Ңӈ‫ ്ܫ‬2 ѣಬᄬྐ෕ਯ၈ਇ͓͒͘ᅬী೴य़၈ਇຠେ৽͔vol.B3̞આใ‫چ‬໰
2016 ͑Ңӈ‫ ്ܫ‬2 ѣಬѣ࿫੕Ѡࡌъҁєဍ્̢৚ཝ૭ึ‫گ‬ဩ͓͒ҝӝқӦһ്͔ 59 ്߭ 2 ৽̝pp.243-244̞
2017 ͑Ңӈ‫്ܫ‬໐ѣಬ৚ཝ૭ഋသѝ࿫੕Ѡࡌъҁєဍ્͓͒ઞࠒ്͔ 177 ੲ̝pp.92-108̞நနқҫӊһ޻‫ࡉݶ‬ᅆ്̜ 8 ৽

10

ࡧഡ੣૔
2009 ͓ॾൊқҫӊһ̡Ңӈ‫്͑ܫ‬Ϩѣಬ͒ѣ࿳९Ѡ࠙юҀय़ࢅ̸̜ॶ৫࿳९ѣग़ேѝం࿳९‫ڏ‬ѣด૙͔૟ဍଃ̞
2018 ͓ഥᅊѣಬ࿳ߋ ʊ қҫӊһ৤ॾ޻ଅ ࡧഡ੣૔ѣ්ಘ͔ഥᅊѣಬ࿳९य़ࢅ୹̞
ࡧഡ੣૔̡਌‫ݔ‬຿িந
2017 ͓ॾൊқҫӊһѠпцҀഥᅊѣಬપೢѠљйћ͔๫໙ႏਈ੒ൌ޻य़ࢅࡉᅆ Vol.22 No.1̝pp.171-187̞Ңӈ‫ ്ܫ‬2 ѣಬୟ๙‫ڭ‬࿿ѣᄜࡀ࿿૲ѣခ౸11Ңӈ‫ ്ܫ‬3 ѣಬୟ๙‫ڭ‬࿿ѣᄜࡀ࿿૲ѣခ౸৹๧̜ྗျͱ 1̡ߤჿ̜᫸‫ ͱܢ‬2̡ඩ൙̜ᆁͱ 3̡൮শ̜ᅊથͱ 4̡౧ਖ਼̜ᇚથͱ 5̡ҕҗ̷Ҩ̡ҫҳӦͱ 6

Scientific Analyses of the Organic Materials of the excavated artifacts
from the Khufu Second Boat
Miho TAKASHIMA*1, Rio KARINO*2, Takashi NAKAZAWA*3,
Yoko TANIGUCHI*4, Akiko NISHISAKA*5, Eissa ZIDAN*6

Abstract
To identify the original materials that would have been used for building of King Khufu's
Second Boat which dates to the Fourth Dynasty in the Old Kingdom (c.2,500BC), scientificanalyses were conducted to characterize organic materials such as proteins, vegetable gums,
oils, fats, resins, waxes that may remain in the excavated materials. The aim of this researchis to provide any relevant knowledge on the conservation material and future reconstruction of
the Second Boat as well as knowledge on ancient techniques, especially on the use of binding
medium. For the protein, when the presence was confirmed, it was also hoped to specify the
animal species. Analyzed samples included mortars which were originally used on the wooden
pieces constituting (1) deckhouse, (2) deck floor, (3) plant fibers deriving from woven mats, andother unknown black substances adhered to the (4) oars or (5) linen chunks. For the identificationof the proteins, matrix assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) andelectrospray lonization (ESI) MS and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used. In
addition to these analyzes, gas chromatograph / mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was also performed
to identify oils, fats, resins, and waxes. However, from the excavated samples analyzed, we could
not identify any proteins with relatively low water resistance, nor plant gums, and water-resistantfats and oils, resins and waxes in these analyses.

1̠ѤэѶѠ
̜Ңӈ‫ ്ܫ‬2 ѣಬӊӠҫҚҢһୟ๙ુᆎඩͅॾ‫ܫ‬ਈ૑ൊ് 4 ‫ܫ‬෌ͅࡉ८ಷ 2500 ໪ਗ͆͆ѠગഝьћйҀ݉໸ౖѣзҀҲӦӄҢ૲̝௭࿿ҟӓ̝ᄎ઼̝ପ઼̝Ӡҙ҇ຎซюҀшѝѠѽѿ̝Ңӈ‫ ്ܫ‬2 ѣಬѠᅀйѾҁћй
ͱ 1 ਈᅶ౧ᄽྗୠ̡ࠜ޻स‫ဲ̡ݢ‬ഝ‫޻ݏ‬य़ࢅ૭ේͱ 2 ຽᆖஆથൌ޻ൌ޻‫ۈ‬ఘࠗဍ݂य़ࢅ‫̡ݏ‬༩ડಷ࠽‫ݢ‬น݂޻ಕ্
ͱ 3 ຽᆖஆથൌ޻य़ࢅ‫ۈ‬૜಺‫޻ݏ‬प݂޻ᆛ‫ࢲ̡ڱ‬଩
ͱ 4 ඡ༃ൌ޻ఘဍଃ‫ݶ‬प̡୩ࢲ଩
ͱ 5 ๫໙ႏਈ੒ൌ޻қҫӊһ৤ॾ޻य़ࢅ୹̡ࡱ‫ۀ‬୩ࢲ଩
ͱ 6 қҫӊһ৤ॾஷൌқҫӊһ༩࿿̡ࠜ‫୷ࡽܥ‬඙̡ਢ၆‫ڥ‬೾࿫ේ

ͱ 1 Conservator (Conservation Science),
National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, Japanͱ 2 Graduate School of Humanity and Sciences,
Nara Women's University
ͱ 3 Professor, Department of Chemistry, Nara Women’s University
ͱ 4 Associate Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences,
University of Tsukuba
ͱ 5 Visiting Associate Professor, Institute of Egyptian Archaeology,
Higashi-Nippon International University
ͱ 6 General Director, First-Aid, Packing and Transportation,
Grand Egyptian Museum, Ministry of Antiquities, Egyptநနқҫӊһ޻‫ࡉݶ‬ᅆ്̜ 8 ৽

12єќз҂лҝӝҫҽӞѣ੕ᆎѣຎซ҇৫й̝ђѣॆ‫ ്̝ݑ‬2 ѣಬѣ࿳८ѣєѶѣଳ࿳੕ᆎѠ࠙юҀඑ।ѹॾൊ࡚ୠѝѿ҄ц᪬ඨ੕Ѡ࠙юҀඑ।҇ຝҀшѝ҇ჭྯѝьћခ౸҇৫јє̞ગഝс‫ޱ‬໢ъҁєҲӦӄҢ૲ѠљйћѤђѣຍ࿿ଠѷຠซюҀшѝ҇ჭྯѝьє̞ခ౸ьєુᆎѤ̝ಬѣ৚ཝѹ৚ཝ૭҇৔౗юҀძ੕Ѡ࿌ඨьћйєӕӞҲӞ̝৚ཝ૭ѣཝѹҝ̷ӞѠ࿌ඨьћйє਌௲࿿૲̝௭࿿ѣನ‫ڦ‬ќဩ҈ѕӑҶһͅ࿖࿿͆рѾ੃ଙьєુᆎџўќзҀ̞ҲӦӄҢ૲ѣခ౸ѠѤ̝ӑһӝҶҢҬબ܎ӟ̷ҩ̷൩ᅲ̺җҝӦ݂ͅMALDI͆Ѡ࠱њф૲ᆙခ౸ၔѝқӜҗҩၔͅELISA̢Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay̝ৱ೎ॆ৾კ‫ࡺ۽‬ඨၔ͆҇ᅀйє̞ಷଅѤ̝қҫӊһ̡Ӡ̷ӑ૑ൊͅ180-200 AD͆ѣରࢲ‫ݭ‬ѣ‫ݭ‬੕Ѡછ҄ҁє᪬ඨ੕ͅMazurek et
al. 2014̝͆пѽѨқҫӊһॾ‫ܫ‬ਈ૑ൊ് 6 ‫ܫ‬෌ͅ2325-2150 BC͆ѣඒ݁ွѣသ‫ݭ‬ဧѠࠟѳҁћйє᪬ඨ੕ͅKawahara et al. 2012͆҇йяҁѷҙҪྂᄢᅗѣҦӜ̷ҥӦѝຠซьћпѿ̝ຍ࿿ଠѣຠซѳќс݉໸ќзҀ̞ુᆎѣ໪ൊсѰѱқҫӊһѣඒ݁ွѣ໪ൊѠࣞф̝ѳєҲӦӄҢ૲ѝьћગഝюҀ݉໸ౖс਼ѷ৹йшѝрѾ̝ਘ‫ݸ‬ѣခ౸ќѷ്‫ڵ‬ѠҦӜ̷ҥӦѣग़ୟѠ਼ѷධჭьћခ౸҇৫јє̞қӜҗҩၔѤ৊९৊ളམ‫҇ܥ‬ᅧᅀьєၒၔќ̝ҲӦӄҢ૲ͅຍ࿿̡࢚᪬̝ᅠ̝ӒӞҢҞүҗӦѣຎซ͆Ѡ݈нћ௭࿿ҟӓѣຎซс݉໸ќзҀ̞ьрьຍ࿿ଠѣຠซѤќтџй̞ಷୡѣқҫӊһ̡Ӡ̷ӑ૑ൊͅ180-200 AD͆ѣରࢲ‫ݭ‬ќҦӜ̷ҥӦѝᅠ༭ҲӦӄҢ૲҇ຎซьєᆰͅMazurek et al. 2014̝͆AD1 ్ࡉщ҂ѣҞӞһҽ̷ҫӘрѾᅠ༭ҲӦӄҢ૲̝ຍ࿿᪬̝௭࿿ҟӓ҇ຎซьєᆰͅScott et al. 2009͆џўсзҀ̞шҁѾѣခ౸Ѡ݈н̝ᄎ઼̝ପ઼̝Ӡҙ҇ຎซюҀєѶѠҟҬҢӠӑһңӜӈ / ૲ᆙခ౸ၔͅGC/MS͆ѷ૳યьє̞ခ౸ьєુᆎѝ૳યьєခ౸ၔѠ
Table 1̜MALDI̝ELISA ̝GC/MS Ѡѽјћခ౸ьєુᆎ

ુᆎ
ુᆎ 2

཯৽

௲

ુᆎ 2.2ӇӦҢુᆎ 2.5౿ુᆎ 2.6 ‫ ؍‬౿
ુᆎ 2.7ӌ̷ҫӘ

ુᆎ 2.8 ‫ ؍‬ӌ̷ҫӘ

ુᆎ 3

ુᆎ 2.9༭ુᆎ 3.2ӌ̷ҫӘુᆎ 3.3ӌ̷ҫӘુᆎ 3.4ܰᆝુᆎ 3.5ඦߏ௲ુᆎ 3.6

ඦߏ௲

࿫੕
৚ཝ૭
ਿᆏ
৚ཝ૭
ึ‫گ‬ӄӀӞ
৚ཝ૭
ഋသӄӀӞ
৚ཝ૭
ഋသӄӀӞ
৚ཝ૭
ഋသӄӀӞ
৚ཝ૭
ഋသӄӀӞ
৚ཝ
ӎұॅ
৚ཝ
ӄӀӞൿ࿫
৚ཝ
ӕҺӝӦң
৚ཝ
ӎұॅ
৚ཝӜҶҪ
Ӧңॅ

੕ᆎ

࿫੕ଙѿ௒

ч཯৽
ӕӞҲӞ P1116.2

FMJTB

ခ౸ၒၔ
HD0NT

Y

Y

NBMEJ.UPG

ӕӞҲӞ P1239.2

YӕӞҲӞ P1284

YYӕӞҲӞ P1281

Y

Y

Y

Y

ӕӞҲӞ P1263

YӕӞҲӞ P1282.2

YӕӞҲӞ P1378.3
P596ӕӞҲӞ P1722.2

YӕӞҲӞ P1722.3
P596ӕӞҲӞ P1722.4

YӕӞҲӞ P1722.5

Y

Y

Y
Y
Y
Y

Y

Ңӈ‫ ്ܫ‬2 ѣಬୟ๙‫ڭ‬࿿ѣᄜࡀ࿿૲ѣခ౸

ુᆎ 4

ુᆎ 5

ુᆎ! 6

ુᆎ 4.2ඦߏ௲ึ‫ޛ‬ુᆎ 4.3ඦߏ௲৚ཝ

ુᆎ 4.4ඦߏ௲ુᆎ 4.5ඦߏ௲ુᆎ 5.2਌ુᆎ 5.4਌ુᆎ 5.5

਌

ુᆎ 6

਌

௭࿿

P1315

13

Y

Y

)kvodvt*
௭࿿
P1396.2

Y

Y

ӑҶһ௢
৚ཝ

)kvodvt*
௭࿿
P1396.3

Y

Y

ӑҶһ௢
৚ཝ૭

)uzqivt*
௭࿿
P1251

Y

Y

ӑҶһ௢
ҝ̷Ӟ
Ӊӟ̷Ҽ
ҝ̷Ӟ
Ӊӟ̷Ҽ
৚ཝ૭
ਿသ
ӇҶһ๫ൿ

)kvodvt*
਌௲࿿૲ P1228

Y਌௲࿿૲ P1414

Y਌௲࿿૲ P1277

Y٪႖࿒͗ џь

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

਌௲࿿૲

Fig.1̜৚ཝ૭ਿသͅO0005-1͆ӇӦҢӕӞҲӞͅુᆎ 1-1͆Fig.2 ৚ཝͅO0267-2͆ӎұॅӌ̷ҫӘӕӞҲӞͅુᆎ 2-1͆Fig.3̜ึ‫ͅޛ‬O0204͆ӑҶһ௢௭࿿ͅુᆎ 3-1͆Fig.4̜ҝ̷Ӟ̡Ӊӟ̷ҼͅO0117͆਌௲࿿૲ͅુᆎ 4-1͆

14நနқҫӊһ޻‫ࡉݶ‬ᅆ്̜ 8 ৽

Fig.5̜ӇҶһ๫ൿ̜٪႖࿒͗਌௲࿿૲ͅુᆎ 5͆љйћѤ Table ϨпѽѨ Fig. 1-5 Ѡ૙ьє̞

2̠૳६ၒၔ
2.1̠ӑһӝҶҢҬબ܎ӟ̷ҩ̷൩ᅲ̺җҝӦ݂ͅMALDI͆Ѡ࠱њф૲ᆙခ౸ၔ
2.1.1̠ҲӦӄҢ૲ѣතୟ̜‫ڵ‬ཥѠҲӦӄҢ૲ѝйјћѷ̝రѠ࿋ᄾџҲӦӄҢ૲҇ခ౸ѣєѶѠ݉ᄾ݂юҀၒၔѤଠᆭѠѽјћൌтф‫ڤ‬џҀ̞ਘ‫ݸ‬ѣခ౸ќѤ̝௒ѠୡѮєѽлѠग़ୟќтҀ݉໸ౖс਼ѷ৹йѝ৤нѾҁҀҦӜ̷ҥӦсગഝьћйҀшѝ҇ಷดѝьћ̝ђѣතୟѝခ౸҇ુѴє̞єѕь̝шѣၒၔ҇ᅀйћѷӅһѣྂ࿝ѹფཊрѾਣ໛юҀҤӜҴӦѹ̝рљћӃ̷ӒӗӦѣൌ࿾ѣੁ௲သ‫ݭ‬ဧͅNakazawa et al. 2016͆рѾҞүҗӦѣѽлџ
ҲӦӄҢ૲ѷग़ୟќтћйҀѣќ̝ခ౸ѤྣяьѷҦӜ̷ҥӦѣग़ୟѣѴ҇ჭษѝьєѷѣќѤџйшѝѤ
ධ‫ڞ‬ьћптєй̞̜ҦӜ̷ҥӦතୟѠѤ̝шҁѳќ‫ڵ‬ཥษѠᅀйћйҀၒၔ҇ુѴє̞ુᆎͅ2-10 mg͆҇ 1.5 mL ѣҨӦӊӞ
ҴӘ̷Ӊඩќ 500 μL ѣ NH4HCO3ͅ50 mmol/L͆రᄾ‫ۼ‬ѝѝѷѠҟӜҬၳѳєѤҬӄҴӘӜќюѿљѫьє
ঞ̝60ͩќ 4 ૑ࠗఁᣠьє̞࿋ᄾ࿿҇ 10,000 g ќ 5 ခࠗ‫ܚ‬௿ခᅲঞ̝ђѣ௒౟҇‫ܚ‬௿໶୛ᅀӈҖӞҲ̷ͅAmicon
ultra MWCO 3k͆ќ 30μL ѳќ໶୛ьє̞шѣᄾ‫ۼ‬ѣ‫ڵ‬࿫ͅᄄ 50 μL͆҇ѝѿҨӦӊӞ A ѝьћ૒ѣ MALDI૲ᆙခ౸Ѡ࢞ьє̞ђѣગѿѠ 20 μg/100 μLNH4HCO3ͅ50 mmol/L͆ѣһӝӊҪӦᄾ‫ ۼ‬5μL ݈҇н̝37ͩ
ќᄄ 24 ૑ࠗர݂ьє̞ৱ೎ர݂࿿҇໶୛ߦ೮ঞ̝0.1% CF3COOH రᄾ‫݈҇ۼ‬нћઓౖͅᄄ pH 3͆Ѡьєᄾ‫҇ۼ‬ҴҶӊचࡴೱҞӜӓͅZiptip C18, ӒӝӐҕߗૡ‫ݶ‬ଃ͆҇෭ьћ൩‫̝ܝ‬໶୛ьћ૲ᆙခ౸ᅀҨӦӊӞ Bѝьє

2.1.2̠૲ᆙခ౸
̜MALDI-TOF пѽѨ MALDI-TOF/TOF ҬӍҢһӞѣ഑ซѤ AXIMA® PerformanceͅSHIMADZU/KRATOS,Manchester, UK͆҇છᅀьє̞юѮћѣ഑ซѤඥ೎ӟ̷ҩ̷ͅ337 nm, 3-ns ӄӞҬ࿴͆ѣவ૾ѠѽјћౡэҀӐҫҹҖӉҗҝӦѠљйћӝҾҕӕ̷ҼѳєѤӝӈӟҢһӠӦӕ̷Ҽќ৫јє̞ӝҾҕӕ̷ҼѤһӝӊҪӦர݂҇ьћйџйҨӦӊӞ A Ѡљйћ̝ѳєӝӈӟҢһӠӦӕ̷ҼѤһӝӊҪӦர݂ঞѣӍӊҴҼ
рѾџҀҨӦӊӞ B Ѡљйћђҁѓҁ৫й̝ӝӈӟҢһӠӦӕ̷ҼќӍӊҴҼѣഝ੔҇૙ਫюҀӇ̷Ңсग़ୟъҁє௙৾ѠѤђѣҕӒӁઓ༖ᇀ҇‫ݷ‬౸юҀєѶѣ post-source dissociationͅPSD͆ၔѠѽҀҲӦҺӓ
MSͅTOF/TOF͆҇৫лшѝ҇ल‫ݭ‬ьє̞૳੒ѠѤўѣҨӦӊӞрѾѷӍӊҴҼᄢᅗѣӇ̷Ңсग़ୟъҁџҢӈ‫ ്ܫ‬2 ѣಬୟ๙‫ڭ‬࿿ѣᄜࡀ࿿૲ѣခ౸

15рјєѣќ̝TOF/TOF ခ౸Ѥ৫҄џрјє̞ӑһӝҶҢҬѤԒ -cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acidͅCHCA͆҇ҕҮһҾһӝӞѝ 0.1% һӝӈӞҝӠనઓరᄾ‫ ۼ‬2:1 ѣਣ৾‫ۼ‬Ѡᄾрьћၣᇭъѐєѷѣ҇છᅀьє̞ީҨӦӊӞᄾ‫ ۼ‬5μL ѝӑһӝҶҢҬᄾ‫ ۼ‬45μL ҇ MALDI Ҳ̷ҥҶһӊӟ̷һ௒ќਣ৾ь̝ߦ೮ঞ഑ซьє̞ҬӍҢһӞѣ m/z ඐѣ޶౞Ѥ̝CHCA ҇ӑһӝҶҢҬѝьћ̝ACTH ӈӜңӔӦһ 18-39ͅm/z 2465.19͆ѝ
bradykinin ӈӜңӔӦһ 1-7ͅm/z 757.39͆҇ᅀйћ৫јє̞

2.2̠қӜҗҩၔͅELISA͆
2.2.1̠қӜҗҩၔѠљйћ̜қӜҗҩၔѤ৊९৊ളམ‫҇ܥ‬ᅧᅀьєၒၔќჭษग़ୟ࿿̼҇ి ng/ml ќग़ୟќтҀၒၔќзѿ̝௴࿁ඩѣҕӟӞҡ̷࿿૲ѣग़ਯѠᅀйѾҁҀџўౡ݂޻ѹ‫̡޻ڮ‬ᄅ޻ခჿќѤ࿘ࡹьєၒၔќзҀ̞ဍ݂੗ѣခ౸ѠпйћѤ̝қӜҗҩၔ҇ᅀйҁѥєѝнื௲੕с࿸ిଠѣҲӦӄҢ૲ѹ௭࿿ҟӓѣਣ৾࿿ͅᆰнѥᅠѝ᪬ѝҕӜӆҕҟӓ͆ќзјћѷ 1 ๘ѣခ౸ќॽ̴ѣҲӦӄҢ૲ѹҟӓ҇ຎซќтҀ฿с̝FT-IR ၔ̝GC/MS ၔџўѠཿѮћᄔҁћйҀѝй҄ҁћйҀ̞

2.2.2̠ခ౸ଛ୶
̜ྌࢢ৾ѣࠗಅ ELISA ၔͅෟಅࡺඨၔ͆҇ᅀйє̞‫ࠋ̝݁ړ‬൴Ѡଛ୶҇ࡌю̞௉੎Ѥဍफ़ͅTakashima
2018͆҇અவ̞،

ુᆎᄄ 1 mg ҇ӑҗҢӠҴӘ̷ӉѠ໛ҁᄄ 100 ԝ L ѣᄾୟ‫ͅۼ‬EB: Elution Buffer݈͆҇нћ 1ͮᄾ‫ۼ‬ѝьє̞

̜̜2 ໙౮඙̞ͅEB ѣ೏౗̢5 mL ѣ 1M Tris-HCl̝1 mL ѣ 0.5M EDTA̝180 g ѣໝ೎̝25 mL ѣ 20ͮ SDS
̜̜ѠҗҝӦফߺర҇໛ҁћ 500 mL Ѡь̝‫ܝ‬ઓ҇છᅀьћ pH7.4 Ѡ෕ౙ͆‫؍‬،ѣҴӘ̷ӉрѾ 30μL ҇ѝјћ 570 μL ѣ 100 mM NaHCO3 ᄾ‫ู̞݈҇ۼ‬шѣᄾ‫ ҇ۼ‬96 ҙҚӞѣӑҗ

̜̜ҢӠӊӟ̷һѣީҙҚӞѠධ໛ьє̞ਘ‫ݸ‬ѤϨҨӦӊӞѠљт 4 ѝпѿѣ࠶଒ᅵќީϨҙҚӞѠධ໛̞̜̜4 ҙҚӞѣліϪҙҚӞ‫ړ‬௒сᅊౖམ‫҇ܥ‬૙ѐѥ̝๵‫ޝ‬৊ളѠљйћᅊౖ̝љѳѿჭษҲӦӄҢ૲с̜̜ࠟѳҁҀѝབඊюҀшѝѠьє̞ӑҗҢӠӊӟ̷һ҇ϫͩͅᆱഇ঄຿͆ќϨ཮౮඙ьєѣі̝ҙҚӞрѾ
̜̜ᄾ‫҇ۼ‬༎ୟьє̞؎ӉӠҶҠӦң̞৊ള #JIM13 ‫ޓړ‬Ѥ Sea blocking buffer̝# JIM13 ѠѤ BSAͅҙҪे౟ҕӞӉӒӦ͆҇છ̜̜ᅀьє̞
؏Ϩ૒৊ളͅTable2ู݈͆҇ьћ૭ܾќϩ૑ࠗམ‫ܥ‬ъѐє̞ؐৱ೎ྯૢϩ૒৊ളͅTable 2ู݈͆҇ьћ૭ܾќϩ૑ࠗམ‫ܥ‬ъѐє̞ؑ࠱૲݈҇нྯૢৱ೎ѝམ‫ܥ‬ъѐє̞ؒ

20 ̼ 30 ခঞѠӑҗҢӠӊӟ̷һӝ̷ҳќଘ༃ේ 405 nm̝࿲༃ේ 630 nm ѣࡺর๘҇഑ซьє̞؎̝̝ؐ

̜̜ؑѣ೧੣ಷѠѤ PBSͅPhosphate buffered saline͆ѠѽҀಟ௡҇৫јє̞

16நနқҫӊһ޻‫ࡉݶ‬ᅆ്̜ 8 ৽

Table 2̜ELISA ќછᅀьє৊ള

ჭษग़ୟ࿿
ᅠ༭
ຍ࿿᪬ͅӗҡ‫͆ޓړ‬

2 ૒৊ളͅ࠶଒ᅵ͆΁Pwbmcvnjo$bc2336)2711*
Dpmmbhfo ‫ؠ‬$bc2:922)511*

ຍ࿿᪬ͅҙҨҡ‫͆ޓړ‬Dpmmbhfo ‫ؠ‬$bc45821)311*
ӒӞҢҞүҗӦ
Dbtfjo$ct.1924S)511*
௭࿿ҟӓͅҕӜӆҕҟӓ̝‫ݑ‬ପҟӓ๸̞ Bsbcjophbmbdubo!
һӜҟҞӦһҟӓѤग़ୟ࿋݉͆
qspufjo$KJN24)61*һӜҟҞӦһҟӓ
Hvn! Usbhbdboui$NBD376)61*

3 ૒৊ളͅ࠶଒ᅵ͆
Sbccju! JhH!
$BQ243B)611*
Hpbu! JhH
$bc7853)611*
Sbccju! JhH!
$BQ243B)611*
Sbccju! JhH!
$BQ243B)611*
Sbu! JhN$B221.211BQ)611*
Sbu! JhH!
$B9549)611*

΁ #JIM13 ѝ #MAC285 ѤӕӁҢӠ̷ҽӞ̝ണѤӐӝҢӠ̷ҽӞ৊ള

2.3̠ҟҬҢӠӑһңӜӈ / ૲ᆙခ౸ၔͅGC/MS͆
2.3.1̠ಷ୷ᅬѝခ౸௟ॊ̜ુᆎѤ TMTFTH (3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, 5ͮӔҲӁ̷Ӟᄾ‫ ۼ‬, TCI ౦͆ѝһӞқӦѣਣ৾‫ͅۼ‬1̢2͆ѠѽѿҤӦ݂̝ӔҴӞ݂҇৫јєͅMazurek et al. 2014̞͆ѳяુᆎ҇ӃҗӗӞѠ
йҁ̝шшѠ 100 ԝ L ѣ TMTFTH ਣ৾‫ู݈҇ۼ‬ь̝60ͩќ 1 ૑ܾࠗѶєзѝ GC/MS Ѡධ໛ьє̞ခ౸Ѡ
Ѥ Agilent Technologies ଃ౦ 7820AGC system/5977B MSD ҇છᅀьє̞௟ॊѤ‫݁ړ‬ѣѝпѿќзҀ̞ධ໛শܾ๘̢300̝ͩධ໛̢ҬӊӝҶһӟҬၔͅ1 ခঞӄ̷ҫ̝͆ධ໛ᆙ̢1 ԝ L̝ҞӜӓ̢DB-5ms̝ҞӜӓܾ๘̢50ͩͅ2 ခဲૐ̝͆20ͩ / ခќ 230ͩѳќ஧ܾͅ5 ခࠗဲૐ̝͆10ͩ / ခќ 325ͩѳќ஧ܾͅ15 ခ̝ࠗ͆35ͩ / ခќ 350ͩѳќ஧ܾͅ0 ခࠗဲૐ̝͆ҠӖӝӗ̷ҟҬ̢Ӌӝҙӓ̝1.2mL/ ခ̝һӜӦҬӈҔ̷ӜҗӦܾ๘̢
320̝ͩҗҝӦ݂ၔ̢EI̝җҝӦ݂ไ‫̢پ‬70eV̝җҝӦॴܾ๘̢320̞ͩ

3̠ॆ‫ݑ‬ѝ৤ੴ
3.1̠MALDI̜ਘ‫ݸ‬ѣခ౸ќ̝ુᆎѣйяҁрѾѷҲӦӄҢ૲ѣગഝ҇૙ਫюҀѽлџӍӊҴҼѣӇ̷ҢѤग़ୟъҁџрјє̞шѣॆ‫҇ݑ‬ҦӜ̷ҥӦѝђѣണѣҲӦӄҢ૲Ѡљйћခцћ৤ੴьєй്̞̜‫ڵ‬ѠҦӜ̷ҥӦ‫ޓړ‬ѣҲӦӄҢ૲ќзҀс̝ુᆎѣ໪ൊрѾಬѣॕഉ๵૑ѠѤഝ੔ьћйєѝьћѷ̝࠼Ѡྒౡ࿿ѠѽҀခ‫ݷ‬Ѡѽѿர૫ьє݉໸ౖс਼ѷ৹й̞қҫӊһѣඒ݁ွѣᆰќѷသ‫ݭ‬ѣੁ௲Ѡࠪᆎѣ᪬ඨ੕ѝьћҦӜ̷ҥӦ‫ޓړ‬Ѡᅠ༭ѣҕӞӉӒӦсછ҄ҁє݉໸ౖѷзјєс̝ခ౸ѣॆ‫಻ݑ‬фग़ୟъҁџрјє̞шѣѽлѠ̝ਘ‫ݸ‬ᅀйє૲ᆙခ౸ќѤ̝ग़ୟъҁџйшѝѤྣяьѷഝ੔ѣྲྀซѤ‫ڞ‬Ⴔьџйшѝ
Ѡᅾ‫ڞ‬юѮтќзҀ̞ѝфѠ̝Ңӈ‫ ്ܫ‬2 ѣಬсේ࠽ࠗӇҶһѣඩќరѠఆరьћйє݉໸ౖ҇৤нҀѝ̝ണѣқҫӊһୟ๙ѣॾ‫ܫ‬ਈѣૄᆎѝཿ޶ьћગഝ௢഻с‫ٶ‬йшѝѠѷಋბсљф̞૒ѠҦӜ̷ҥӦѠљйћ
৤ੴюҀѝ̝ђѣ‫ڋ‬ซౖрѾ৤нћ̝ѷьಬѣॕഉѠѤછ҄ҁћйєѝюҁѥ MALDI ќѤग़ୟъҁћйє
݉໸ౖсзҀ̞8,000 Ⴏ໪ಷѣࢯᆂѣਓрѾҦӜ̷ҥӦсग़ୟъҁєᆰѷзҀͅSchweitzer et al. 2009͆1)̞
ѷі҂҈̝ਘ‫ݸ‬ѣુᆎѠѤગഝьћйџйс̝ണѣ࿫੕ѣўшрѠછ҄ҁє݉໸ౖѤ߱಻ѠѤ༎஋ќтџй̞ьрь̝ҦӜ̷ҥӦѣ࿿ౖ̝ຠѠᆱరѠѤ࿋ᄾќзҀс 60ͩрѾ 70ͩѣܾరѠѤᄾцҀѝйлຠౖ҇৤нҀѝ̝ஜџфѝѷಬѣ࿫੕ѣಅඨ੓ѠѤหъџйшѝѤბѾрќзҀ̞ఊ‫݋‬ѣඒඩ‫އ‬ќ৩৫ඩѠ‫ے‬ѹ‫އ‬రѣҢӈ‫ ്ܫ‬2 ѣಬୟ๙‫ڭ‬࿿ѣᄜࡀ࿿૲ѣခ౸17௺໛Ѡѽјћ᪬сᄾц̝࿫੕ѣ၍‫ݺ‬сక৫ьєєѶѠಬс෡ႊюҀѝйлૉ഻Ѥᄵ‫ڠ‬ѠೢഃќтҀ̞ҦӜ̷ҥӦрѾџҀ᪬сછ҄ҁћйҀѣѤߦ೮ьћࡃܾсࣈൿѠ৹фџѾџйॕ࿿຿ѣძ౦‫࣮ݍ‬ѹীस࿁̝‫ݭދ‬џўѠॻѾҁћйҀ̞шѣѽлџ᪬ѣౖ૲Ѥ̝๵૑ѣқҫӊһќѤ࠼Ѡ௜ૢѝџјћйћ̝ಬѣॕഉѠण҄Ҁ࡚ୠଅѷ๵಺ѣшѝѝьћ᪬ѣછᅀ҇ྋцєѣќз҂л̞юџ҄і̝ॾൊѣқҫӊһѤຎэಅඨ੕ќѷᅀ๒Ѡ‫ܥ‬эћછйခцҀѕцѣ࡚ୠర୯ѠзјєѝॹнҀͅSerpico and White 2000̞͆ьєсјћ̝෭௜ѣ௟ॊќѤరѠಅ௳ьџйძ੕ѣಅ৾࿫ခќඥ೎҇ग़ୟь̝шѣඥ೎҇ࠟѵ࿿૲спђѾф᪬ͅglue͆ќз҂лѝ
యซьє Research Laboratory (London) ѣ A. E. Werner ѣ၈ਇͅષ௹ѝપ҄ҁҀ͆҇‫ۃ‬ᅀьє၈ਇ஀ѣࡌୡ
ͅNour et al., 1960: 48͆ѤධჭѠඐюҀ̞૳੒Ѡшѣ࿿૲сҦӜ̷ҥӦќзҀрണѣҲӦӄҢ૲̝зҀйѤђшѠཤ௮ьєӃҢҹӝҕᄢᅗѣࠟඥ೎౗ခќзҀр਼̝ంѣ૲ᆙခ౸ၔѠѽјћ‫ޱ‬໢юҀшѝ҇࠽ഹьєй̞

3.2̠ELISA
̜ခ౸ьє 9 ฿ѣુᆎѤюѮћѣ৊ളѠവьћ‫ౖۉ‬ќзѿ̝ຍ࿿̡࢚᪬̝ᅠ̝ӒӞҢҞүҗӦ̝௭࿿ҟӓйяҁѷग़ୟъҁџрјєͅFig. 6̞͆џп̝ુᆎѠࠟѳҁҀҲӦӄҢ૲ѹ௭࿿ҟӓѣᆙсஜџйєѶѠग़ୟќтћйџй݉໸ౖѹ̝ӕӞҲӞѠࠟѳҁҀࠪᆎѝѣೱঘ੣ᅀѹफ໪сѷєѾюҲӦӄҢ૲ѹ௭࿿ҟӓѣဦౖѠѽѿшҁѾѣ࿿૲ѝ৊ളѝѣམ‫ܥ‬сค݁юҀшѝс৤нѾҁҀѣќ̝MALDI ຎᄼ̝ग़ୟъҁџйшѝѤ
ྣяьѷഝ੔ѣྲྀซѤ‫ڞ‬Ⴔьџй̞ьрьџсѾ̝ᅠѹӒӞҢҞүҗӦѣѽлѠߦ೮ঞѠరᄾౖ҇૙ъџфџҀҲӦӄҢ૲҇છᅀьє݉໸ౖѤ৤нѾҁҀѝьћѷ̝௭࿿ҟӓѣѽлѠߦ೮ঞѷరᄾౖ҇૙ь̝ьрѷಅඨᆜсଖй᪬ඨ੓҇ಬѣ࿫੕ѠછᅀьєѝѤ৤нѠфй̞

Fig. 6̜ELISA ѣॆ‫ͅݑ‬ग़ୟവொѝюҀҲӦӄҢ૲ѹ௭࿿ҟӓсഝ੔юҁѥҙҚӞѤܰ௲фಠѳҀѤяѕс̝ਘ‫ݸ‬ѤйяҁѣҙҚӞѷಠѳѾџрјє̞‫݁཯ڵ‬ѣҙҚӞѠѤӐҫҺҖӉҦӦһӠ̷Ӟ҇ධ໛ьєєѶ̝шшѕцܰ௲фಠѳјћйҀ̞͆

3.3̠GC/MS̜19 ฿ѣુᆎ҇ခ౸ьєс̝ુᆎ 4-4 ‫ޓړ‬ѣુᆎќѤᄎ઼̝ପ઼̝ӠҙѠᄢᅗюҀѽлџຠ෈ษџӇ̷ҢѤѳјєф໢ѶѾҁџрјє̞шѣၒၔќѤુᆎѠࠟѳҁҀᄎ઼̝ପ઼̝Ӡҙсᄾ༙Ѡᄾ‫ݷ‬ьєѣі GC ѣධ໛শќ໩ခ‫ݷ‬ъҁ TMTFTH Ѡѽѿ݈రခ‫̝ݷ‬ӔҴӞ݂ъҁҀྣᅆсзҀс̝݂౹ପ઼ͅєѝнѥҦ̷ӄӞ̝ҕӦӃ̷џў͆ѣ௙৾ѠѤခ౸слѳфйрџйшѝс҄рјћйҀѣќ̝݄๸рѣ݂౹ପ઼сࠟѳҁћй18நနқҫӊһ޻‫ࡉݶ‬ᅆ്̜ 8 ৽єсग़ୟќтћйџйшѝс̝1 љѣ݉໸ౖѝьћ৤нѾҁҀ̞ຠѠુᆎ 3 ѹુᆎ 4 Ѥ̝५ྒࢽ݁ќࠒੴюҀѝྴოѠࢬйর൙҇ѷљ௭࿿ဧѹძဧсതిਣэјћпѿͅFig. 7̝݄͆๸рѣପ઼с่࿒ъҁћйҀшѝ
сᄬೢъҁҀ̞ђѣѰр̝ુᆎඩѣ᪬ඨ੓ѣࠟᄜᆙсஜџрјєєѶ̝зҀйѤࠪᆎѝѣೱঘ੣ᅀѹफ໪Ѡѽѿۭࢾ҇лцћग़ୟсਙ໎ѠџјћйҀ݉໸ౖѷзҀѣќ̝ਘ‫ ݸ‬GC/MS ќग़ୟъҁџрјєшѝѤྣяьѷᄎ઼̝ପ઼̝Ӡҙѣഝ੔ѣྲྀซѤ‫ڞ‬Ⴔьџй̞

Fig.7̜ુᆎ 3-1ͅਭ͆ѝુᆎ 3-2ͅ‫̞͆ۍ‬௭࿿ဧѣྴოсরјћйҀͅϨჭౢѿѤ 1mm͆Fig. 8̜ପ઼௢ѣ࿿૲ͅુᆎ 4-4͆Fig.9̜ુᆎ 4-4̜ҟҬҢӠӑһңӜӈѣॆ‫ͅݑ‬TIC͆Ңӈ‫ ്ܫ‬2 ѣಬୟ๙‫ڭ‬࿿ѣᄜࡀ࿿૲ѣခ౸

19

Fig.10̜ુᆎ 5̞ુᆎѣ݁བྷခѠѤ਌фћ໯๘ѣзҀ࿿૲с่࿒ъҁ̝ঀѶѾҁћйҀѽлѠ।нҀ̞

̜ુᆎ 4-4 ѠѤ̝ପ઼ѣѽлџ‫ޓ‬।҇ьєຆბќඦߏ௲ѣ஛ъџ‫ݹ‬сйфљрਣэјћйҀшѝс५ྒࢽࠒੴѠѽѿ҄рјћйєѣќͅFig. 8̝͆шѣ‫҇ݹ‬ခ౸ьє̞ђѣॆ‫̝ݑ‬ӝҹӦҪӚӦҲҗӓ 18.5 ခ࿌ࣞѠຠ෈ษџӔҗӦӇ̷Ң҇ᄜь̝шҁѽѿಷѠѷйфљрѣ‫ۻ‬йӇ̷Ң҇ૐљ TIC сຝѾҁєсຎซѠѤઽѾџрјєͅFig. 9̞̜͆ѳє̝५ྒࢽࠒੴѠпйћુᆎ 5ͅFig. 10͆ѠѤึ಺ҕҬӈҔӞһрҦ̷ӞҲ̷Ӟѣѽлџ਌фћ໯๘ѣзҀ࿿૲с่࿒ъҁћйҀѽлѠ।нєс̝ਘ‫ݸ‬ѤшҁѾѣ࿿૲Ѥຎซѣവொѝьћйџй̞ਘঞ̝ુᆎ
4-4 ѹુᆎ 5 ҇ࠟѵйфљрѣુᆎ҇໩ခ‫ݷ‬ҟҬҢӠӑһңӜӈҖ̷ѝ૲ᆙခ౸҇೏Ѵ৾҄ѐєၒၔќခ౸юҀшѝ҇ल‫ݭ‬ьћйҀ̞шѣಬс೼௫࿁ќѤџф૳੒ѠછᅀъҁєѝೢซюҀѝ̝ಬѣॕഉѠᅀйҀ࿫੕ѣ่೼ѹಅඨ੓ѝьћѤശరౖѣзҀᄎ઼̝ପ઼̝Ӡҙ̝зҀйѤึ಺ѣҕҬӈҔӞһѹҦ̷ӞҲ̷Ӟсછ҄ҁє݉໸ౖс৹йѝ৤нѾҁҀ̞4. ॆᇫ̜ਘ‫ݸ‬ခ౸ьєୟ๙ુᆎඩрѾѤ̝ཿ޶ษശరౖѣคйҲӦӄҢ૲ѝ௭࿿ҟӓ̝пѽѨശరౖѣᄎ઼̝ପ઼̝
ӠҙѣйяҁѷຎซюҀшѝсќтџрјє̞ଆ૞̜శ৫ѠзєјћѤ̝ӊӠҫҚҢһൊྴѣࡧഡ੣૔๫໙ႏਈ੒ൌ޻޻ේ̝ॶ௙ଘໟ਌‫ݔ‬຿িநࢲ଩̝ҡҩ৤ॾૉჄ୹ӑӓҘ̷ӂ̡Ҳ̷ӂଘໟਯੴ߲Ѡп్ᇮѠџјє̞ӊӠҫҚҢһ಻ളѣ‫۫ۦ‬ოѠѤ̝ລᅶ৫ౘၔఘ
ਈ੒ࢥᆜࡀ৔ͅJICA͆ѣબ܎̝ႏঢ়ѣခ౸пѽѨय़ࢅოќѤ̝͑ྗୠ੣࿁ѹᆿઞૄᆎѠпцҀੁ௲ѣ᪬ඨ੕ѣຎซ͘࿸ిѣခ౸ၔрѾѣҕӊӠ̷Ҵ͒ͅ໙ႏ޻ୠఁࢺ‫޻ݏݶ‬य़ࢅྊ္஄ࣟ JP16K01187ͅय़ࢅൊྴଅ̡৹
๧ྗျ͆͆ѣ஄౗҇ଦцћకѶѾҁє̞߷ଆఈь௒чҀ̞ඳ1) шѣᇫဍќ၈ਇъҁєӍӊҴҼѣခ౸ॆ‫҇ݑ‬௉ьфग़ກьєॆ‫̝ݑ‬ҳҴӚҙѣҦӜ̷ҥӦѣҕӒӁઓ༖ᇀѝ‫ڵ‬කьєєѶ̝݄Ѿрѣ९‫ہ‬ќࢯᆂѣਓુᆎѠਣ໛ьєҳҴӚҙѣ I चҦӜ̷ҥӦсࢯᆂᄢᅗѝদ໢ъҁєѣќѤџ
йрѝѣჵ൏сดࡎъҁћйҀ̢Buckley, M., Warwood, S., van Dongen, B., Kitchener, A. C., Manning, P. L., 2017,
A fossil protein chimera; difficulties indiscriminating dinosaur peptide sequencesfrom modern cross-contamination.
Proc. R. Soc. B.284, 20170544.

நနқҫӊһ޻‫ࡉݶ‬ᅆ്̜ 8 ৽

20

અ৤ဍफ़
Mazurek, J., Svoboda, M., Maish, J., Kawahara, K., Fukakusa, S., Nakazawa, T., Taniguchi, Y.
2014 "Characterization of binding media in Egyptian Romano portraits using enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay andmass spectrometry", e-Preservation Science, 11, pp.76-83.
Nour, Z.
1960 A preliminary report on the newly discovered boat at Giza, In The Cheops Boats, Part I, Antiquities Department of
Egypt, Ministry of Culture and National Orientation, United Arab Republic.
Scott, D. A., Warmlander, S., Mazurek, J., Quirke, S.
2009 "Examination of some pigments, grounds and media from Egyptian cartonnage fragments in the Petrie Museum,
University College London", Journal of Archaeological Science, 36, pp. 923-932.
Nakazawa, T., Kawahara, K., Fukakusa, S., Karino, M., Takashima, M., Taniguchi, Y.
2016 "Mass spectrometry of collagen and casein in the remains of the 5th to 7th century BamiyanBuddhas",Proceedings of
the 64th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics (San Antonio, TX, USA).
Schweitzer, M. H., Zheng, W., Organ, C. L., Avci, R., Suo, Z., Freimark, L. M., Lebleu, V. S., Duncan, M. B., Heiden, M. G. V.,
Neveu, J. M., Lane, W. S., Cottrell, J. S., Horner, J. R.,Cantley, L. C.,Kalluri, R.,Asara, J. M.
2009 "Biomolecular characterization and protein sequences of the Campanianhadrosaur" B. canadensis. Science, 324,
pp.626-631.
Serpico, M. and White, R.
2000 "Resins, amber and bitumen" in Nicholson, P. T. and Shaw, I. (eds.) Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology,
Cambridge, pp.430-474.
‫ݔ‬९‫ڵ‬ପ̡ඩ൙̜ᆁ̡ಗ—۸ჺ̡ҕӈӔҼ̡ҪӘқҗӉ̡ҕ̷ҺӞ̡ҕҞӝҪӘ̡బใ̜ৗ̡৪ಗᆁ‫ڵ‬
2012 ͑қҫӊһသ‫ݭ‬ඩѠગഝюҀҦӜ̷ҥӦѣ૲ᆙခ౸ၔѠѽҀຎซ͒Semawy Menu (Restoring Monuments) 4、
pp.227-234.
ℛ๧ྗျ2018 ͑ৱ೎ॆ৾კ‫ࡺ۽‬ඨၔͅELISA͆ѠѽҀྗୠ੣࿁ඩѣ඄༭૲пѽѨ௭࿿ҟӓѣຎซ͓͒ဍ݂੗ဲഝଳ࿳޻‫̝͔ૂݶ‬61 ৽̝pp.12-37̞

Ңӈ‫ ്ܫ‬2 ѣಬୟ๙‫ڭ‬࿿ѣྌ༆‫ݺ‬ҝӦҨҗһခ౸21Ңӈ‫ ്ܫ‬3 ѣಬୟ๙‫ڭ‬࿿ѣྌ༆‫ݺ‬ҝӦҨҗһခ౸‫٭‬࿫̜ಸჺͱ 1̡扇谷 依李ͱ 2̡和泉 亜理沙ͱ 2̡中井 泉ͱ 3

Nondestructive onsite analysis of excavated artifacts
from the Khufu Second Boat
Yoshinari ABE*1, Eri OGITANI*2, Arisa IZUMI*2, and Izumi NAKAI*3

1̠ѤэѶѠ
̜ႏঢ়ќѤ̝͑Ңӈ‫ ്ܫ‬2 ѣಬ͒ѣ࠙ᇍ‫ڭ‬࿿пѽѨ‫ޛ‬౹ࠪᆎѣ੕૲ຎซпѽѨ݂޻ษຠౖ݂҇ჭษѝьћ̝
2015 ໪ 3 ॉ 17̝18 ໙ѣ 2 ໙ࠗѠ๎јћ૳યъҁє෕ਯѣ౗‫҇ݑ‬၈ਇюҀ̞ल 4 ଠᆭѣ݉ཛचခ౸೼඙ͅऱ
র X ಧခ౸೼඙̝५ྒӜӑӦခরခ౸೼඙̝઺‫݉ޓ‬ાࡺମခ౸೼඙̝ဉႩ X ಧ‫ݸ‬ಇल͆҇཈ࣼॶ௙ѭѝૐіਕѴ̝ୟ๙‫ڭ‬࿿Ѡവьћྌ༆‫ݺ‬ҝӦҨҗһќѣခ౸҇૳યьє̞

2̠ခ౸ૄᆎ
̜шѣ๘ѣ෕ਯќခ౸വொѝьє‫ڭ‬࿿Ѥल 31 ฿ќзҀ̞຿ᄆѤ‫݁ړ‬ѣ෭ѿ̢ࣟക౦࿁ͅນ͆5 ฿̝ӈҔҗҕӦҬѝપ҄ҁҀ༆ဧ 1 ฿̝ძဧѠ࿌ඨьєࠪᆎ 5 ฿ͅ4 ௲̝͆౹‫ࠥވ‬౦‫ޛ‬౹Ѡછᅀъҁєࠪᆎ 3 ฿ͅ3 ௲̝͆ӕӞҲӞ 17 ฿̞џпࠪᆎѣခ౸ѠпйћѤ̝݁ඒѣۭࢾ҇৤ᆅюҀєѶѠຎ‫ૄڵ‬ᆎ຿ѣ࿸ి฿҇ခ౸ьћйҀ̞ຎᄼѠ̝‫ڵ‬࿫ѣૄᆎѠљйћѤဥ੔๸݈҇Ⴔьћ࿸ిॽ୹҇ခ౸ьє̞џп̝૑ࠗษџ౒ᄄпѽѨૄᆎѣज௢̡௢഻ѠѽҀ౒ॻрѾ̝಻ћѣ‫ڭ‬࿿Ѡവьћঞୡѣ 4 ଠᆭѣᅬ݂޻ခ౸҇หᅀюҀшѝѤќтџрј
є̞

3̠ခ౸೼඙
̜‫݁ړ‬ѣ݉ཛचခ౸೼඙҇཈ࣼॶ௙ѭૐіਕѴ̝‫ڭ‬࿿ѣྌ༆‫ݺ‬ҝӦҨҗһᅬ݂޻ခ౸Ѡᅀйє̞഑ซѤ಻ћൌࡃඩќ̝ྌ༆‫ݺ‬ќ৫҄ҁє̞

3.1̠ऱর X ಧခ౸೼඙̢ҕӢ̷ҭҹҶҢͅߗ̺͆ OURSTEX 100FA̜ႏ೼඙Ѥ̝ဍ݂੗ѣҝӦҨҗһခ౸҇ჭษѝьћරଅѾсҕӢ̷ҭҹҶҢͅߗ͆ѝࢣຎ‫ގ‬཈ьє೼඙ќзҀͅNakai et al. 2005; Abe et al. 2009̞͆X ಧॴѝьћӄӜҫҙӓͅPd͆ࠊࢄ̝ग़ୟ࠰ѝьћҪӝҦӦҼӝӈ
һग़ୟ࠰҇ྐнҀ̞ႏ೼඙ѣ਼ൌѣຠේѝьћ̝ᆲࡎ X ಧѣ൴௲݂ࡀ৔҇຿ഇьћпѿ̝щфྒᆙџ୔८೎҇৹߷๘ќग़ୟюҀшѝсќтҀ̞ࣟക౦࿁пѽѨӈҔҗҕӦҬѝъҁҀ‫ڭ‬࿿ѣခ౸ѠпйћѤ̝༭௲ Xಧᆲࡎӕ̷Ҽѝ൴௲ X ಧᆲࡎӕ̷Ҽќђҁѓҁ 200 ྺяљѣ഑ซ҇৫јє̞‫ޛ‬౹ѣခ౸ќѤᆋᆲࡎӕ̷Ҽ
ќ 100 ྺяљ̝ӕӞҲӞѣခ౸ѠпйћѤ༭௲ X ಧᆲࡎӕ̷ҼѣѴќ 100 ྺѣ഑ซ҇৫јє̞ૄᆎѣज௢

ͱ 1 ๫࢝ᅬ‫ݏ‬ൌ޻ᅬ޻࿫̡஄ࢲͅ๵૑͆
ͱ 2 ๫࢝ᅬ‫ݏ‬ൌ޻ᅬ޻࿫̡޻࿫ 4 ໪ͅ๵૑͆
ͱ 3 ๫࢝ᅬ‫ݏ‬ൌ޻ᅬ޻࿫̡ࢲ଩

ͱ 1 Assistant Professor, Tokyo University of Scienceͱ 2 4th year Undergraduate Student, Tokyo University of Scienceͱ 3 Professor, Tokyo University of Science22நနқҫӊһ޻‫ࡉݶ‬ᅆ്̜ 8 ৽пѽѨဲഝ௢഻ѠѽҀ౒ᄄсзјє 2 ฿ͅo0315̝o0357͆҇஋т̝಻ 31 ฿ඩ 29 ฿ѠљйћѤऱর X ಧခ౸҇૳યюҀшѝсќтє̞џп̝ႏঢ়ќѤ‫ڭ‬࿿ѣ݂޻೏౗Ѡ࠙ьћซౖษџ৤ੴ҇৫лшѝ҇ჭษѝьћऱর X ಧခ౸҇૳યьћйҀєѶ̝ࠟᄜ८೎ѣซᆙ݂ͅ໶๘ѣ઎ୟ๸͆Ѥ৫јћйџй̞

3.2̠५ྒӜӑӦခরခ౸೼඙̢B&W TEK Inc. ̺ Miniram̜ႏ೼඙Ѥ༃ේ 785 nm ѣ౿௲བྷຐളӟ̷ҩ̷҇ᆲࡎॴѝьћ๪ੑь̝ಕᅀѣ५ྒࢽәҾҶһ਼ͅൌ༗ᅵ 40༗͆ѠಅഘюҀшѝќ̝வ૾झᄄ 50 μm ѣྒ஛࿫ခ౸с݉໸ќзҀ̞ҬӍҢһӞѣ౺઎૑ࠗѤ௹৽ࢬ๘Ѡ‫ܥ‬эћ 1 ฿зєѿ 60 ̼ 300 ྺѝьє̞ૉಷѠઅவ࿿૲ѝьћ഑ซьє৲࿿ѹॾൊࠪᆎѣӜӑӦҬӍҢһӞ̝зҀйѤҝӦӜҗӦ௒ќ঱‫ގ‬ъҁћйҀ৲࿿ѣӜӑӦҬӍҢһӞҺ̷Ҳӌ̷ҬͅDowns 2006͆ѝཿ޶юҀшѝќ̝ࠪᆎпѽѨӕӞҲӞѣྌ༆‫ݺ‬ೱຎซ҇৫јє̞ྒ஛џૄᆎѠљйћѤ̝५ྒࢽѣ XY Ҭҹ̷ҫ௒Ѡ௕ѐћ഑ซьє̞ൌचૄᆎѠവьћѤ५ྒࢽѣӋҶҼ࿫ခ҇ଙѿ‫ޓ‬ь̝90ͦ‫ܨ‬Ѡ๜ьє௢഻ќӜӏҫӖҶҠ
Ѡঀซь̝߱಻ྌಅ௳ќ഑ซ҇৫јє̞

3.3̠઺‫݉ޓ‬ાࡺମခ౸೼඙
̜රଅѾс๫࢝җӦҬҷӞӔӦҷͅߗ͆ѝࢣຎ‫ގ‬཈ьєુ੣ࡀќзѿ̝୔ర೎ӂӠҥӦҲӦңҬҹӦӜӦӊ
҇༭௲রॴѝь̝ુᆎрѾѣޫઉམ૾র҇ခর࠰Ѡѽјћग़ୟ̝ҬӍҢһӞ݂юҀͅᇭಝ 2017̞͆ҬӍҢһӞѣ౺઎૑ࠗѤ 1 ฿зєѿ 1.5 ྺѝьє̞ႏ೼඙ѤӕӞҲӞпѽѨࠪᆎѣခ౸Ѡᅀйє̞џп̝ႏ೼඙Ѥ༭௲রॴ҇઺‫̝ޓ‬ᆝ௲̝౿௲ѣ 3 ଠᆭѣ LED ൴௲রॴѠಃѿഽнҀшѝќ̝шҁѾ 3 ௲҇ᆲࡎরѝьєऱরҬӍҢһӞ഑ซѷ݉໸ќзҀс̝ਘ‫ݸ‬ѣ෕ਯќѤᄜ‫ڞ‬џऱরѣ௹৽҇૙ю‫ڭ‬࿿Ѥ।Ѿҁџрјєѣќ̝ႏঢ়ќѤ߇‫ٯ‬юҀ̞̜џп̝௒ࡌѣ 3 ଠᆭѣ೼඙ѣണѠ్̝‫਼މ‬৹ౖ໸ѣ݉ཛचဉႩ X ಧ‫ݸ‬ಇल҇ჭફьћҹҢӁқҶҢҬͅߗ͆ѝ‫ގ‬཈ьє PT-APXRD IIIͅHirayama et al. 2018͆ѷॶ௙ѭૐіਕ҈ѕс̝ႏ෕ਯ҇૳યьє 2015 ໪ 3 ॉ૑฿ќѳѕુ੣ඍ‫ޏ‬ќзѿ̝೼඙ѣ࿋෕๸ѣєѶୌခџ౗‫ݑ‬сຝѾҁџрјєєѶ̝ႏঢ়ќѤ߇‫ٯ‬юҀ̞

4̠ॆ‫ݑ‬пѽѨ৤ੴ
4.1̠ࣟക౦࿁ѣ݂޻೏౗ခ౸ॆ‫ݑ‬̜ນ౦࿁ѕѝપ҄ҁҀࣟക౦࿁ 5 ฿ͅo0131 metal̝o0160 metal#1 ̼ 4͆Ѡവьћ̝ऱর X ಧခ౸ၔѠѽѿ݂޻೏౗ခ౸҇৫јє̞5 ฿ѣऱর X ಧҬӍҢһӞѠᄜ‫ڞ‬џਮѤ।ѾҁџрјєєѶ̝шшќѤᆰѝьћo0160 metal#4 ѣခ౸ॆ‫҇ݑ‬၈ਇюҀ̞o0160 metal#4 Ѥ಻ളсᆝ௲ѣ੿ͅᆝ౭͆ќ࿹҄ҁћпѿ̝‫ڵ‬࿫҇य़႔ѠѽѿҢӝ̷ҾӦңюҀшѝќ̝Ңӝ̷ҾӦңಷঞќ݂޻೏౗ѣဦ݂҇ग़ேьє̞༭௲ X ಧᆲࡎӕ̷ҼќຝѾҁєय़႔ಷঞѣऱর X ಧҬӍҢһӞ҇ Fig.1 Ѡ૙ьє̞̜ਘ‫ݸ‬ခ౸ьє 5 ฿ѣࣟക౦࿁಻ћрѾ̝ଘ౗ခќзҀນͅCu͆ѣണѠ̝ྒᆙџӅ೎ͅAs͆сग़ୟъҁє̞Cu Ѡ As ู݈҇ь̝݈ীౖѝࢬ๘҇৹Ѷє৾ࣟ҇͑Ӆ೎ນ͒ѝॿѨ̝ӔҰӐҲӒҕඒ‫ڱ‬ќѤࣟ౹တᅀ૑ൊѣࡉ८ಷ 4 ಒ໪ࡉͅLevy and Shaley 1989̝͆қҫӊһѠпйћѷॾ‫ܫ‬ਈ૑ൊѳќѠѤ๏௙ьєͅOgden 1999̞͆
єѕь As Ѥນ৲౹ඩѠ࿋୲࿿ѝьћഝ੔ьћйҀ௙৾ѷзѿ̝ࣟകນ౦࿁Ѡ As сࠟѳҁћйћѷ̝ఘ‫ڢ‬ษѠู݈ъҁєѷѣрྲྀрབඊюҀшѝѤ໎ьй̞Mooreyͅ1994͆ѹ Ogdenͅ1999͆Ѥ̝ॾൊѣࣟകນ౦࿁сఘ‫ڢ‬ษѠ As ู݈҇ьєӅ೎ນќзҀрྲྀр҇བඊюҀ௙৾Ѡ̝As ѣࠟᄜᆙѝьћ 1 wt%ͅweight %̢୔ᆙӄ̷ҮӦһ͆сჭ‫ڋ‬ѠџҀѝьћйҀ̞єѕь̝಑ୡьєѽлѠႏय़ࢅќѤࠟᄜ८೎ѣซᆙ݂Ѥ૳યьҢӈ‫ ്ܫ‬2 ѣಬୟ๙‫ڭ‬࿿ѣྌ༆‫ݺ‬ҝӦҨҗһခ౸23ћйџй̞џп̝౭ນѣଘ౗ခќзҀҬҭͅSn-KĮ ಧ̢25.2 keV͆Ѥ̝ਘ‫ݸ‬ခ౸ьєࣟക౦࿁рѾѤग़ୟъҁџрјє̞

Fig.1̜ࣟകນ౦࿁ͅo0160 metal#4͆ѣय़႔ಷঞќѣऱর X ಧҬӍҢһӞཿ޶ͅ༭௲ X ಧᆲࡎӕ̷Ҽ̜͆ഘйћय़႔ಷঞќຝѾҁєҬӍҢһӞ҇ཿ޶ьћѴҀѝ̝ѳяय़႔ಷѠग़ୟъҁћйєҤҗ೎ͅSi̝͆ᅿܰͅS͆пѽѨҞӞҪҙӓͅCa͆ѣӇ̷Ңс̝य़႔Ѡѽѿൌ࿴Ѡॳஜьє̞шҁѤ࿮݂೟࿫ခѠ๙ਲѹ౹২̝౹‫ވ‬с࿌ඨьћпѿ̝य़႔Ѡѽѿшҁс஋ࢍъҁєшѝ҇૙ьћйҀ̞ъѾѠय़႔ঞѤำͅFe͆пѽѨ As
ѣӇ̷Ңсॳஜь̝ೱവษѠଘ౗ခќзҀ Cu ѣӇ̷Ңс҄ярѠഄ݈ьє̞Fe Ѥ Ca ѝຎᄼѠ࿌ඨ࿿ѣ݉໸ౖѷзҀс̝य़႔ಷঞќ Cu ѝ As ѣཿᅵсဦ݂ьєшѝѤࢺႴఇй̞шѣॆ‫ݑ‬Ѥ̝࿮݂࿫ခќ҄ярќ
ѤзҀс As с໶୛ьћйҀ݉໸ౖ҇ྴьћпѿ̝Cu ѠཿѮћ As сಱൗษѠ࿮݂೟ѭѝ‫ڥ‬ຍьє̝зҀйѤ࿮݂೟рѾ Cu сಱൗษѠᄾ൩ьєшѝ҇૙ਫьћйҀ̞

4.2̠ӈҔҗҕӦҬѝъҁҀ‫ڭ‬࿿ѣခ౸ॆ‫ݑ‬̜ӈҔҗҕӦҬ౦࿁ѣ݉໸ౖсзҀ༭௲ѣ༆ဧͅo0238͆Ѡവьћ̝ऱর X ಧခ౸ၔѠѽҀ݂޻೏౗ခ౸пѽѨ५ྒӜӑӦခরခ౸ѠѽҀೱຎซ҇৫јє̞༭௲ X ಧᆲࡎӕ̷ҼќຝѾҁєшѣ‫ڭ‬࿿ѣऱর X ಧҬӍҢһӞ҇ Fig.2 Ѡ૙ьє̞ӈҔҗҕӦҬѤ౹۸ͅSiO2͆҇ീѝь̝௲ᵥ҇рцєளт࿿ќзҀс̝шѣ‫ڭ‬࿿ѣଘ౗ခѤ Si ќѤџф Ca ќзјє̞ѳє̝‫ڵ‬ཥษѠӈҔҗҕӦҬѣ௲ᵥѠ‫ڵ‬ཥษѠู݈ъҁҀ CuͅKĮ ಧ̢8.0
keV͆ѷग़ୟъҁя̝ӈҔҗҕӦҬ౦࿁ќѤџйшѝсბѾрѝџјє̞ђшќ̝Fig.3 Ѡ૙ьєӜӑӦҬӍ
ҢһӞ҇।ћѴҀѝ̝౹‫ވ‬౹ͅcalcite̢CaCO3͆Ѡຠ෈ษџӜӑӦҪӈһ 1086 cm-1 ѣӇ̷Ңсग़ୟъҁћпѿ̝шѣ‫ڭ‬࿿ѤӈҔҗҕӦҬќѤџф౹‫ࠥވ‬౦࿁ќзҀшѝсბѾрѝџјє̞џп Fig.2 Ѡ૙ьєऱর X ಧҬӍҢһӞѠѤҬһӠӦҴҙӓͅSr͆сग़ୟъҁћпѿ̝шҁѤ౹‫ࠥވ‬Ѡ‫ڵ‬ཥษѠࠟѳҁҀ࿋୲࿿८೎ќзҀ̞

24நနқҫӊһ޻‫ࡉݶ‬ᅆ്̜ 8 ৽

Fig.2̜ӈҔҗҕӦҬ౦࿁ѣ݉໸ౖсзҀ༭௲༆ဧͅo0238͆ѣऱর X ಧҬӍҢһӞͅ༭௲ X ಧᆲࡎӕ̷Ҽ͆

Fig.3̜ӈҔҗҕӦҬ౦࿁ѣ݉໸ౖсзҀ༭௲༆ဧͅo0238͆ѣӜӑӦҬӍҢһӞ

Ңӈ‫ ്ܫ‬2 ѣಬୟ๙‫ڭ‬࿿ѣྌ༆‫ݺ‬ҝӦҨҗһခ౸25

4.3̠ძဧѠ࿌ඨьєࠪᆎѣခ౸ॆ‫ݑ‬̜ძဧѠ࿌ඨьє౿௲ࠪᆎͅo0300̝o0049̝͆ܰ௲ࠪᆎͅo0124̝͆਌௲ࠪᆎͅo0315̝͆༭௲ࠪᆎͅo0357͆
Ѡവьћ̝݂޻ခ౸ѠѽҀࠪᆎຎซ҇৫јє̞ѳя౿௲ࠪᆎс࿌ඨьєძဧͅo0300͆Ѡљйћ̝౿௲ࠪᆎ
࿫ခѝ݁ඒ࿫ခͅഋოѣძ࿫͆ѣऱর X ಧҬӍҢһӞͅ༭௲ X ಧᆲࡎ͆҇ Fig.4 ќཿ޶ьє̞݁ඒ࿫ခѝཿѮћ̝౿௲ࠪᆎ࿫ခќѤ Fe ѣӇ̷Ңсൌ࿴Ѡഄ݈ь̝ъѾѠ Si пѽѨҴҲӦͅTi͆ѣӇ̷Ңѷग़ୟъҁє̞ѽјћшѣ౿௲ࠪᆎѤ౿ำ৲ͅhematite̢Į-Fe2O3͆҇ଘ౗ခѝь̝໯๙݈҇нє౿௲ࠪᆎ͑ӟҶҼҝ̷Ҟ̷ͅ౿๙͆͒ќзҀѝ৤нѾҁҀ̞ຎૄᆎѣ౿௲ࠪᆎ࿫ခѠљйћ५ྒӜӑӦခরခ౸҇৫јєѝш҂̝౿ำ৲ѝપ҄ҁҀ 2 љѣӇ̷ҢͅӜӑӦҪӈһ 226 cm -1̝290 cm -1͆сग़ୟъҁͅFig.5 અவ̝͆ऱর X ಧခ౸ѣခ౸ॆ‫ݑ‬сબૐъҁє̞ѷл‫ڵ‬฿ѣძဧͅo0049͆Ѡљйћѷຎᄼѣခ౸ॆ‫ݑ‬сຝѾҁє̞

Fig.4̜౿௲ࠪᆎс࿌ඨьєძဧͅo0300͆ѣ౿௲ࠪᆎ࿫ခѝ݁ඒ࿫ခѣऱর X ಧҬӍҢһӞཿ޶ͅ༭௲ X ಧᆲࡎӕ̷Ҽ̜͆ഘйћ̝ܰ௲ࠪᆎс࿌ඨьєძဧͅo0124͆Ѡљйћѷࠪᆎ࿫ခѝ݁ඒ࿫ခѣऱর X ಧҬӍҢһӞ҇ཿ޶ьєѝш҂̝౿௲ࠪᆎ࿫ခѝຎᄼѠܰ௲ࠪᆎ࿫ခќ Fe̝Si пѽѨ Ti ѣӇ̷Ңࢬ๘сഄ݈ьєͅFig.6 અவ̞͆шѣॆ‫ݑ‬рѾ่̝࿒ъҁєܰ௲ࠪᆎѤఖำ৲ͅgoethite̢Į-FeOͅOH͆͆ѹᆧำ৲ͅlepidocrocite̢Ȗ-FeOͅOH͆͆
џўѣߏำ৲ͅlimonite͆Ѡ໯๙݈҇нћຝѾҁҀ͑җқӠ̷ҝ̷Ҟ̷ܰͅ๙͆͒ќзҀѝ৤нѾҁҀ̞џпܰ௲ࠪᆎ࿫ခѠљйћ५ྒӜӑӦခরခ౸҇৫јєс̝ຠ෈ษџӇ̷ҢѤग़ୟъҁџрјє̞̜਌௲ࠪᆎс࿌ඨьєძဧͅo0315̝җӦҬҢӝӊҪӚӦ͆ѠљйћѤ̝ऱর X ಧခ౸҇૳યќтџрјє̞਌௲ࠪᆎ࿫ခѠљйћ५ྒӜӑӦခরခ౸҇৫јєѝш҂̝ྒଖќѤзҀсҞ̷ӏӦӉӜҶҢѝપ҄ҁҀӉӠ̷Ҽџ 2 љѣӇ̷ҢͅӜӑӦҪӈһ 1330 cm-1̝1570 cm-1͆сग़ୟъҁєͅFig.7 અவ̞͆26

நနқҫӊһ޻‫ࡉݶ‬ᅆ്̜ 8 ৽

Fig.5̜౿௲ࠪᆎс࿌ඨьєძဧͅo0300͆ѣ౿௲ࠪᆎ࿫ခѣӜӑӦҬӍҢһӞ

Fig.6̜ܰ௲ࠪᆎс࿌ඨьєძဧͅo0124͆ѣܰ௲ࠪᆎ࿫ခѝ݁ඒ࿫ခѣऱর X ಧҬӍҢһӞཿ޶ͅ༭௲ X ಧᆲࡎӕ̷Ҽ͆Ңӈ‫ ്ܫ‬2 ѣಬୟ๙‫ڭ‬࿿ѣྌ༆‫ݺ‬ҝӦҨҗһခ౸27

Fig.7̜਌௲ࠪᆎс࿌ඨьєძဧͅo0315̝җӦҬҢӝӊҪӚӦ͆ѣ਌௲ࠪᆎ࿫ခѣӜӑӦҬӍҢһӞ

̜༭௲ࠪᆎс࿌ඨьєძဧͅo0357͆Ѡљйћѷ̝ज௢пѽѨ௢഻ѣ๓৾рѾ̝ऱর X ಧခ౸҇৫лшѝсќтџрјє̞ࠪᆎ࿫ခѠљйћ५ྒӜӑӦခরခ౸҇৫јєс̝ຠ෈ษџҬӍҢһӞ҇ຝҀшѝсќтя̝ਘ‫ݸ‬ѣခ౸෕ਯќѤшѣ༭௲ࠪᆎѣຎซѠѤઽѾџрјє̞̜ႏခ౸ѠѽѿຎซъҁєӟҶҼҝ̷Ҟ̷̝җқӠ̷ҝ̷Ҟ̷̝Ҟ̷ӏӦӉӜҶҢѣ 3 ଠᆭѤ̝಑ઞ૑ൊрѾਘ໙ѠઽҀѳќྌ௜Ѡේ࠽Ѡ๎ѿછᅀъҁћтєࠪᆎќзҀ̞ॾ‫ܫ‬ਈ૑ൊѠॻѾя̝ॾൊқҫӊһѠпй
ћѷт҄Ѷћ‫ڵ‬ཥษѠᅧᅀъҁєࠪᆎќзѿͅLee and Quirke 2000̝͆ႏय़ࢅѣຎซॆ‫ݑ‬Ѥ୶๵џѷѣќзј
єѝ৤нѾҁҀ̞ђѣ‫ڵ‬ၒќ̝ђѣ࿘ာษџᅧᅀпѽѨ९ᆎѣ໛ଛьѹюърѾ̝९ᆎѣ੃ଙඒ๸ѣ௉੎џࡎॴ҇৤ੴюҀшѝѤਙ໎ќзҀ̞

4.4̠‫ޛ‬౹Ѡછᅀъҁєࠪᆎѣခ౸ॆ‫ݑ‬̜‫ޛ‬౹Ѡછᅀъҁє౿௲ͅNo.3 ၿო̝͆ܰ௲ͅNo.32 ၿო̝͆਌௲ͅNo.3 ໋ო͆ѣ 3 ௲ѣࠪᆎѠљйћ̝ऱর X ಧခ౸̝५ྒӜӑӦခরခ౸̝઺‫݉ޓ‬ાࡺମခ౸ѠѽҀࠪᆎѣຎซ҇৫јє̞ѳя‫ޛ‬౹ No.3 ѣၿოѠྸрҁє౿௲ࠪᆎѠѽҀҢӈѣҞӞһҘ̷ҪӘѠљйћ̝݁ඒѣ౹‫ࠥވ‬࿫ခѝ౿௲ࠪᆎ࿫ခѣऱর X ಧҬӍҢһӞ҇ཿ޶ьєͅFig.8̞͆౿௲ࠪᆎ࿫ခќѤ̝಑ୡѣძဧͅo0300͆ѣ੒ѝຎᄼѠ̝Fe̝Si̝Ti ѣӇ̷Ңࢬ๘сഄ݈ьє̞ъѾѠ५ྒӜӑӦခরခ౸Ѡѽѿ̝౿௲ࠪᆎ࿫ခќѤ౿ำ৲ѠࡁകъҁҀ 4 ႏѣӇ̷ҢͅӜӑӦҪӈһ 226 cm -1̝290 cm -1̝408 cm -1̝607 cm -1͆сग़ୟъҁєͅFig.9 અவ̞͆ຎᄼѠ̝Fig.10 Ѡ૙ьє઺‫݉ޓ‬ાࡺମҬӍҢһӞѠпйћѷ̝౿௲ࠪᆎѤ౿ำ৲ѝѽф૊єࡺମ҇૙ьє̞‫ړ‬௒ѣॆ‫ݑ‬ѽѿ̝шѣ‫ޛ‬౹Ѡછᅀъҁє౿௲ࠪᆎѤ̝ძဧͅo0300͆ѝຎᄼѠӟҶҼҝ̷Ҟ̷ќзҀѝ৤нѾҁҀ̞28நနқҫӊһ޻‫ࡉݶ‬ᅆ്̜ 8 ৽

Fig.8̜‫ޛ‬౹ No.3 ၿოѣ౿௲ࠪᆎ࿫ခѝ݁ඒ౹‫ࠥވ‬࿫ခѣऱর X ಧҬӍҢһӞཿ޶ͅ༭௲ X ಧᆲࡎӕ̷Ҽ͆

Fig.9̜‫ޛ‬౹ No.3 ၿოѣ౿௲ࠪᆎ࿫ခѣӜӑӦҬӍҢһӞ

Ңӈ‫ ്ܫ‬2 ѣಬୟ๙‫ڭ‬࿿ѣྌ༆‫ݺ‬ҝӦҨҗһခ౸29

Fig.10̜‫ޛ‬౹ No.3 ၿოѣ౿௲ࠪᆎ࿫ခѣ઺‫݉ޓ‬ાࡺମҬӍҢһӞ

̜ഘйћ‫ޛ‬౹ No.32 ၿოѣܰ௲ࠪᆎ࿫ခѠљйћ̝ऱর X ಧခ౸пѽѨ઺‫݉ޓ‬ાࡺরခ౸҇৫јєॆ‫҇ݑ‬၈ਇюҀ̞ѳяऱর X ಧခ౸ѣॆ‫ ҇ݑ‬Fig.11 Ѡ૙ьє̞џп૑ࠗษ౒ᄄѠѽѿ̝‫ޛ‬౹ No.32 ѣ݁ඒ౹‫ࠥވ‬࿫ခѣऱর X ಧခ౸҇৫лшѝсќтџрјєєѶ̝шшќѤ Fig.8 ќ૙ьє‫ޛ‬౹ No.3 ၿოѣ݁ඒ౹‫ࠥވ‬࿫ခѣॆ‫҇ݑ‬ཿ޶ѝьћ૙ьћйҀ̞Fig.11 ѽѿ̝‫ޛ‬౹ No.32 ၿოѣܰ௲ࠪᆎ࿫ခќѤ݁ඒѠཿѮћ Fe̝
Si̝Ti ѣӇ̷Ңࢬ๘сഄ݈ьє̞ъѾѠ̝шѣܰ௲ࠪᆎ࿫ခѠљйћຝѾҁє઺‫݉ޓ‬ાࡺମҬӍҢһӞ҇
Fig.12 Ѡ૙ю̞ܰ௲ࠪᆎѣࡺମѤ̝અவ࿿૲ѝьћ഑ซьєఖำ৲ѣѷѣѝѽф‫ڵ‬කьє̞‫ړ‬௒ѣॆ‫ݑ‬ѽѿ̝шѣ‫ޛ‬౹Ѡછᅀъҁєܰ௲ࠪᆎѤҗқӠ̷ҝ̷Ҟ̷ќзҀѝຎซъҁє̞

Fig.11̜‫ޛ‬౹ No.32 ၿოѣܰ௲ࠪᆎ࿫ခѝ No.3 ၿო݁ඒ౹‫ࠥވ‬࿫ခѣऱর X ಧҬӍҢһӞཿ޶ͅ༭௲ X ಧᆲࡎӕ̷Ҽ͆30நနқҫӊһ޻‫ࡉݶ‬ᅆ്̜ 8 ৽

Fig.12̜‫ޛ‬౹ No.32 ၿოѣܰ௲ࠪᆎ࿫ခѣ઺‫݉ޓ‬ાࡺମҬӍҢһӞ

̜‫ޛ‬౹ No.3 ໋ოѣ਌௲ࠪᆎѠљйћѤ̝ऱর X ಧခ౸ѝ५ྒӜӑӦခরခ౸҇৫јє̞ѳя No.3 ໋ოѣ݁ඒ౹‫ࠥވ‬࿫ခѝ਌௲ࠪᆎ࿫ခќຝѾҁєऱর X ಧҬӍҢһӞ҇ཿ޶ьћѴҀѝ̝ᄜ‫ڞ‬џਮѤ।Ѿҁџрј
єͅFig.13 અவ̞͆шѣॆ‫ݑ‬Ѥ̝шѣ਌௲ࠪᆎѤӑӦҟӦͅMn-KĮ̢5.9 keV͆ѹ Fe џўѣࣟക८೎҇ࠟѳя̝
ऱর X ಧခ౸ќग़ୟќтџйൽ೎ͅC͆џўѣव८೎҇ଘ౗ခѝюҀѷѣќзҀшѝ҇૙ьћйҀ̞ђшќ̝шѣ਌௲ࠪᆎ࿫ခѠљйћຝѾҁєӜӑӦҬӍҢһӞͅFig.14͆҇।Ҁѝ̝ྒଖџсѾҞ̷ӏӦӉӜҶҢѣ
ѷѣѝપ҄ҁҀ 2 љѣӉӠ̷ҼџӇ̷ҢͅӜӑӦҪӈһ 1330 cm -1̝1570 cm -1͆сग़ୟъҁє̞2 љѣခ౸ॆ‫ݑ‬ѽѿ̝шѣ਌௲ࠪᆎѤҞ̷ӏӦӉӜҶҢќзҀѝຎซюҀшѝсќтє̞Fig.13̜‫ޛ‬౹ No.3 ໋ოѣ਌௲ࠪᆎ࿫ခѝ݁ඒ౹‫ࠥވ‬࿫ခѣऱর X ಧҬӍҢһӞཿ޶ͅ༭௲ X ಧᆲࡎӕ̷Ҽ͆Ңӈ‫ ്ܫ‬2 ѣಬୟ๙‫ڭ‬࿿ѣྌ༆‫ݺ‬ҝӦҨҗһခ౸31

Fig.14̜‫ޛ‬౹ No.3 ໋ოѣ਌௲ࠪᆎ࿫ခѣӜӑӦҬӍҢһӞ

̜шшќຎซъҁє 3 ଠᆭѣࠪᆎ̝ӟҶҼҝ̷Ҟ̷̝җқӠ̷ҝ̷Ҟ̷̝Ҟ̷ӏӦӉӜҶҢѤ̝಑ୡѣძဧѠ࿌ඨьћйєѷѣѝຎଠѣࠪᆎќзҀ̞єѕь̝‫ޛ‬౹ѠછᅀъҁєѷѣѝძဧѠ࿌ඨьћйєѷѣѣຎ‫ڵ‬ౖͅ੃ଙඒ̝౦ഉඒџў͆҇ࡣᇫюҀєѶѠѤ̝ྒᆙ८೎๸ѠඨჭьєъѾџҀຠౖ݂҇৫лྣᅆсзҀ̞

4.5̠ӕӞҲӞѣခ౸ॆ‫ݑ‬
̜಻ 17 ฿ѣӕӞҲӞѠവьћ̝ऱর X ಧခ౸пѽѨ५ྒӜӑӦခরခ౸҇৫јє̞шшќѤൊྴษџѷѣѠљйћѣॆ‫҇ݑ‬၈ਇюҀ̞̜ѳя 5 ฿ѣ༭௲࿿૲Ѡљйћ̝ऱর X ಧခ౸Ѡѽјћଘ౗ခѝьћ Ca сग़ୟъҁєѷѣѝ̝Ca ѝࢣѠ SѣࢬйӇ̷Ңсग़ୟъҁєѷѣѣ 2 ଠᆭс।Ѿҁє̞ђҁѓҁѣऱর X ಧҬӍҢһӞѣᆰѝьћ̝o0128-2
ͅKSBP2015 Sample No.10̢white mortar͆ѝ o0064-1ͅKSBP2015 Sample No.4̢white plaster from groove ofattachment part͆ѣѷѣ҇ Fig.15 ѠѳѝѶћ૙ьє̞ъѾѠ̝шҁѾ 2 ฿ѣ༭௲࿿૲Ѡљйћ५ྒӜӑӦခরခ౸҇৫јєѝш҂̝o0128-2 ќѤ౹‫ވ‬౹ѠࡁകъҁҀ 2 ႏѣӇ̷ҢͅӜӑӦҪӈһ 278 cm -1̝1086cm 1͆сग़ୟъҁєѣѠവь̝ऱর X ಧခ౸ќ Ca ѝࢣѠ S сग़ୟъҁє o0064-1 ќѤ̝໐ర౹২ͅgypsum̢

CaSO4̡2H2O͆ᄢᅗѣӜӑӦҪӈһ 1008 cm -1 ѣӇ̷Ңсग़ୟъҁєͅFig.16 અவ̞͆‫ړ‬௒ѣခ౸ॆ‫ݑ‬ѽѿ̝
шҁѾ 2 ଠᆭѣ༭௲࿿૲Ѥђҁѓҁ౹‫ވ‬ѝ౹২ќзҀѝຎซъҁє̞ऱর X ಧခ౸Ѡѽѿ Ca ѣࢬйӇ̷Ңсग़ୟъҁє̝зҀйѤ५ྒӜӑӦခরခ౸Ѡѽјћ౹‫ވ‬౹сຎซъҁєѷѣѤ‫݁ړ‬ѣ 3 ฿ќзҀ̢o01282̝o0005-2ͅKSBP2015 Sample No.2̝͆o0171-1ͅKSBP2015 Sample No.15̞͆шҁѠവь̝ऱর X ಧခ౸Ѡѽјћ Ca ѝࢣѠ S сࢬфग़ୟъҁ̝५ྒӜӑӦခরခ౸Ѡѽјћ໐ర౹২сຎซъҁєѷѣѤ‫݁ړ‬ѣ 2 ฿ќзҀ̢
o0064-1̝‫ޛ‬౹ No.3 ๫ო༭௲ӕӞҲӞ̞32நနқҫӊһ޻‫ࡉݶ‬ᅆ്̜ 8 ৽

Fig.15̜o0128-2ͅKSBP2015 Sample No.10͆пѽѨ o0064-1ͅKSBP2015 Sample No.4͆ѣऱর X ಧҬӍҢһӞཿ޶ͅ༭௲ X ಧᆲࡎӕ̷Ҽ͆

Fig.16̜o0128-2 пѽѨ o0064-1 ѣӜӑӦҬӍҢһӞ

̜џп̝҄ярѠҝӟӦҫ̼ӇӦҢ௲҇ฉюҀ o0170ͅKSBP2015 Sample No.13̢beige pink mortar loose
piece͆Ѡпйћѷ̝ऱর X ಧခ౸пѽѨ५ྒӜӑӦခরခ౸ѽѿ̝ଘ౗ခс౹‫ވ‬ќзҀшѝсბѾрѝџј
є̞єѕьऱর X ಧခ౸Ѡѽјћཿ޶ษࢬй Fe ѣӇ̷Ңсग़ୟъҁћпѿ̝Fe ҇ࠟѵ৲࿿сਣ੔ьћйҀ݉໸ౖс৤нѾҁҀ̞ຎᄼѠ̝‫ޛ‬౹ No.3 ๫ოӇӦҢ௲ӕӞҲӞѠљйћѷ̝ऱর X ಧခ౸пѽѨ५ྒӜӑӦခরခ౸рѾ̝౹২҇ଘ౗ခѝюҀшѝсბѾрѝџјє̞ѳє̝ӇӦҢ௲ӕӞҲӞ o0233ͅKSBP2015Ңӈ‫ ്ܫ‬2 ѣಬୟ๙‫ڭ‬࿿ѣྌ༆‫ݺ‬ҝӦҨҗһခ౸

33

Sample No.17̢Pink mortar loose piece for analysis͆ѠљйћѤ̝ऱর X ಧခ౸ќѤ S ѤѰѝ҈ўग़ୟъҁя̝ଘ౗ခѤ Ca ќзјєс̝५ྒӜӑӦခরခ౸ќѤ౹২сຎซъҁє̞шѣခ౸ॆ‫ݑ‬ѣೱ‫ڬ‬Ѥ̝ᆋခ౸ၔѣခ౸ო౺ѣ‫ڬ‬йͅऱর X ಧခ౸ќѤᄄ 2 mm झ̝५ྒӜӑӦခরခ౸ќѤ 50 μm ‫̝͆݁ړ‬ѳєѤ݉ાরѝ Xಧѣຆ‫ݦ‬ᆜѣ‫ڬ‬йѠࡎ‫ہ‬юҀѷѣѝ৤нѾҁ̝ૄᆎѣ࿋࣎‫ౖ҇ڵ‬མ‫ۮ‬ьћйҀѷѣќзҀ̞̜ђѣണ̝݁ࡌѣҝӟӦҫ௲̝౿௲̝ඦ௲ѣӕӞҲӞ 9 ฿Ѡ࠙ьћѤ̝ऱর X ಧခ౸Ѡѽѿ Ca ‫ޓړ‬Ѡ FeѣࢬйӇ̷Ңсग़ୟъҁє̢o0005-1ͅKSBP2015 Sample No.1̢mortar loose piece̝͆o0064-2ͅKSBP2015
Sample No.5̝͆o0104ͅKSBP2015 Sample No.7̢upper surface north edge beige mortar̝͆o0128-1ͅKSBP2015
Sample No.9̝͆o0168-1ͅKSBP2015 Sample No.11̢pink around peg̝͆o0168-2ͅKSBP2015 Sample No.12̢
reddish filling̝͆o0171-2ͅKSBP2015 Sample No.14̢loose piece orange̝͆o0233-2ͅKSBP2015 Sample
No.16̢reddish mortar̝͆o0267-2/2ͅKSBP2015 Sample No.18̢mortar in dowel̞͆ъѾѠ‫ڵ‬࿫ѣૄᆎѠљйћѤ̝т҄ѶћბᆓџҕӞӒҾҙӓͅAl͆пѽѨ Si ѣӇ̷Ңсग़ୟъҁє̞ᆰѝьћ o0233-2 ѣऱর X ಧҬӍҢһӞ҇ Fig.17 Ѡ૙ю̞Fe ҇തфࠟѵૄᆎќѤ Ti ѹҫӞҦҾҙӓͅZr͆ѣӇ̷Ңѷग़ୟъҁє̞ѳєщф‫ڵ‬࿫ќѤзҀс̝ӞӆҫҙӓͅRb͆ѹҗҶһӝҙӓͅY͆ѝйјєྒᆙ୔८೎сग़ୟъҁєѷѣѷ।Ѿҁє̞єѕь̝шшќ࢒чє८೎ѣӇ̷Ңࢬ๘Ѥ̝ခ౸ьє 9 ฿ѣӕӞҲӞѠпйћൌтфѥѾљйћйє̞ѳє५ྒӜӑӦခরခ౸ќѤຠ෈ษџҬӍҢһӞсຝѾҁя̝࿸੻џਣ৾पќзҀ݉໸ౖс૙ਫъҁє̞ਘ‫ݸ‬।Ѿҁє೏౗ѣ࿋࣎‫ౖڵ‬Ѥ̝ӕӞҲӞ҇৾౗юҀ੒ѣਲѝҮӔӦһѣ༖৾ཿс‫ڵ‬ซќѤџйшѝ҇૙ьћйҀ̞ᅀ๒Ѡ‫ܥ‬эћ̝ࢬ๘ѹߦ೮ьѹюъ҇৤ᆅьє༖৾с৫҄ҁћйєѣрѷьҁџй̞Fig.17̜o0233-2ͅKSBP2015 Sample No.16͆ѣऱর X ಧҬӍҢһӞͅ༭௲ X ಧᆲࡎӕ̷Ҽ͆நနқҫӊһ޻‫ࡉݶ‬ᅆ്̜ 8 ৽

345̠ॆѨѠрнћ
̜͑Ңӈ‫ ്ܫ‬2 ѣಬ͒ѣ࠙ᇍ‫ڭ‬࿿пѽѨ‫ޛ‬౹ࠪᆎѠവьћ̝݉ཛचခ౸೼඙҇ᅀйєྌ༆‫ݺ‬ҝӦҨҗһခ౸҇૳યь̝੕૲ຎซпѽѨ݂޻ษຠౖ݂Ѡ౗লьє̞ႏय़ࢅќຎซъҁєࠪᆎѹࣟക౦࿁ѠљйћѤ̝йяҁѷႏ‫ڭ‬৔ѣॕಈ໪ൊѝཿьћѷ჈ୱьџйѷѣќзјє̞ьрьџсѾ̝ђѣ९੕ᆎѤ๵૑йяҁѷ໛ଛсᄵ‫ڠ‬џѷѣќзјєєѶ̝ॶ૑฿ќѤઍඒѹ౦ഉඒѝйјє௉੎џࡎॴѣຠซѠѤઽѾџрјє̞࿋୲࿿ѝьћਣ໛ьєྒᆙ८೎Ѡඨჭь̝ཿ޶ѝџҀҺ̷ҲсޫୋъҁҀшѝќ̝ђѣ࣮ളษџࡎॴсბѾрѠџҀѷѣѝ࠽ഹъҁҀ̞ଆ૞̜ႏय़ࢅѤ JICA͑ൌқҫӊһ༩࿿ࠜͅGEM͆ॕಈૉࣅ૳યഊకબ܎ࣅჄ്ͅ 2 ѣഥᅊѣಬ࿳९ѠओҀ࡚ୠબ܎̝͆͒‫޻ݏ‬य़ࢅྊ࠱཰य़ࢅͅA͆͑ॾൊқҫӊһ̡Ңӈ‫്ܫ‬ϩѣಬѣ࿳९य़ࢅ͒ͅൊྴ̢਌‫ݔ‬຿িந͆ѣબ܎Ѡѽѿ૳યъҁѳьє̞અ৤ဍफ़
Abe, Y., Nakai, I., Takahashi, K., Kawai, N. and Yoshimura, S.
2009 "On-site analysis of archaeological artifacts excavated from the site on the outcrop at Northwest Saqqara, Egypt,by using a newly developed portable fluorescence spectrometer and diffractometer", Analytical and Bioanalytical
Chemistry, 395, 1987-1996.
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2006 "The RRUFF Project: an integrated study of the chemistry, crystallography, Raman and infrared spectroscopy ofminerals", Program and Abstracts of the 19th General Meeting of the International Mineralogical Association in
Kobe, Japan, O03-13.
Hirayama, A., Abe, Y., van Loon, A., De Keyser, N., Noble, P.,Vanmeert, F.,Janssens, K., Tantrakarn, K., Taniguchi, K. andNakai, I.
2018 "Development of a new portable X-ray powder diffractometer and its demonstration to on-site analysis of two
selected old master paintings from the Rijksmuseum", Microchemical Journal, 138, 266-272.
Lee, L. and Quirke, S.
2000 “Painting materials”, inNicholson, P.T. and Shaw, I. (eds.), Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology, Cambridge,
pp.104-120.
Levy, T. and Shaley, S.
1989 “Prehistoric Metalworking in the Southern Levant: Archaeometallurgical and Social Perspectives”, World
Archaeology, 20, pp.352-372.
Moorey, P.R.
1994 Ancient Mesopotamian materials and industries: the archaeological evidence, Oxford.
Nakai, I., Yamada, S., Terada, Y., Shindo, Y. and Utaka, T.
2005 "Development of a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer equipped with two monochromatic X-ray sources andsilicon drift detector and field analysis of Islamic glasses at an excavation site in Egypt", X-ray Spectrometry, 34,
46-51.
Ogden, J.
2000 “Metals (Chapter 6)” in P.T. Nicholson and I. Shaw (eds.), Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology,
Cambridge,pp.148-176.
ᇭಝ٪ᅬਰ
2017 ๫࢝ᅬ‫ݏ‬ൌ޻೴݂৾޻य़ࢅ‫ݏ‬೴݂৾޻ಕ্ 2016 ໪๘ଳડᇫဍ .

Brief Report of the Excavations at Dahshur North: Twenty-Fifth Season, 201835

Brief Report of the Excavations at Dahshur North:
Twenty-Fifth Season, 2018
Sakuji YOSHIMURA*1, Ken YAZAWA*2, Jiro KONDO*3, Hiroyuki KASHIWAGI*4,
Seria YAMAZAKI*5, Nonoka ISHIZAKI*5 and Motoharu ARIMURA*6

Abstract
The joint expedition of Higashi Nippon International University and Waseda University, under the directionof Prof. Dr. Sakuji Yoshimura and Ken Yazawa as the field chief, carried out an excavation at the cemeteryof Dahshur North on February 2018. In this season, the area located at the northern part of the cemetery wasinvestigated (Fig.1). The area measures 10 m (north-south) by 20 m (east-west), and eight shaft tombs wereidentified. Five of them (Shaft 150-153, 155) were cleared, which are dated to the late Middle Kingdom mostly
by accompanying pottery vessels, except Shaft 150 which appeared to be made in the early New Kingdom. The
most remarkable discovery is Shaft 151 which has three subterranean chambers, two to the south (the uppermost
and lowermost chambers) and one to the north (mid-level chamber). Although it was already plundered, aconsiderable amount of pot-sherds and painted plaster as well as a fragment of an eye inlay once adorned with amummy mask or an anthropoid coffin, were retrieved. In addition to a discovery of a painted ear fragment madeof plaster, some of plaster fragments have depictions of an eye and a part of collar decoration, and fragmentswith cursive hieroglyphs were also found at the lowermost chamber, all of which appeared to comprise ofmummy mask(s). Pottery vessels found at the lowermost chamber appear to be earlier than vessels derived fromthe uppermost chamber, which leads to the assumption that the lowermost chamber was made at first, and thenthe middle and uppermost chambers were made successively. While shaft tombs with multiple chambers were
often attested in the Middle Kingdom cemetery, the case that the sequence of making and using chambers can bearchaeologically determined is quite rare, which makes our result noteworthy.

Introduction
Dahshur North is located at the northernmost part of Dahshur region, about 1 km northwest of the Pyramid
cemetery of Senwosret III and about 1 km southwest of the Pyramid of Khendjer. The Japanese expedition,
directed by Prof. Dr. Sakuji Yoshimura discovered it through the analysis of satellite images in 1995 (Fig.1).
Since 1996 the excavation works had been concentrating on the eastern area of the site where New Kingdom
tomb-chapels of Ipay and Pashedw as well as surrounding shaft-tombs and pit-burials were discovered (Yoshimuraand Hasegawa 2000; Hasegawa 2003). In 2004, an investigation of an area approximately 100 m west of Ipay’s*1 President, Higashi Nippon International University; Professor Emeritus, Waseda University*2 Visiting Associate Professor, Institute of Egyptian Archaeology, Higashi Nippon International University*3 Professor, Faculty of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Waseda University*4 Visiting Professor, Institute of Egyptian Archaeology, Higashi Nippon International University*5 Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science*6 MA student, Department of Archaeology, Waseda University

36

The Journal of SHOUHEI Egyptian Archaeological Association Vol.7

The excavated areain 24th season 2017

Tomb Chapel of “Ta”
Shaft 125

Tomb Chapel of “Ipay”

Tomb Chapel of “Pashedw”

N

0

3F07a

3F07b

3F08a

10

20 m

3F08b

Shaft 156
Shaft 157
Shaft 153
Shaft 150

3E97c

3E97d

Shaft 154

3E98c

3E98d

Shaft 151

Shaft 155

N

Shaft 152
Excavated Shaft0

Fig.1 Map of Dahshur North and the excavated area in 25th season 20185m

Brief Report of the Excavations at Dahshur North: Twenty-Fifth Season, 201837

tomb started. In this area, another New Kingdom tomb-chapel belonging to an individual named Ta was found.
Subsequent investigations around the chapel revealed that there were at least forty Middle Kingdom shaft tombs
including several intact burials (Baba 2014; Baba and Yoshimura 2010, 2011; Baba and Yazawa 2015; Yoshimura
and Baba 2015; Yazawa 2017; Yoshimura et al. 2018a), as well as New Kingdom shaft tombs and simple pit
burials. In two seasons in 2015 the area between the tomb-chapels of Ipay and Ta was investigated. At the centerof the area a Ramesside shaft tomb surrounded by mud brick enclosure wall was found (Shaft 125), and vast
amount of wooden shabtis were discovered in its subterranean chambers. To the north of Shaft 125 shaft tombsof the Middle and New Kingdoms were also found (Yoshimura et al. 2016a, 2016b). In a season in 2017, the area
located to the northeast of tomb-chapels of Ipay was investigated, resulting that tombs assigned to a relatively
earlier date than the other parts, both in the Middle and New Kingdoms, were uncovered (Yoshimura et al.
2018b).
In this season, the northernmost area was investigated in order to make clear the nature of the northern edgeof this cemetery (Fig.1)1.

Surface excavation
Dahshur North cemetery is entangled in a barbed-wire fence, and in this season a small area beside thenorthern wall of the fence was investigated. It measures 10 m north-south by 20 m east-west, which corresponds
to Grid 3E97c, d, 3E98c, d, 3F07a, b and 3F08a, b (Fig.1). A thin surface sand layer was removed, and openingsof eight shaft tombs were identified (Shaft 150-157). Five of them (Shaft 150-153, 155) were cleared in thisseason.

Excavation of shaft tombs
Descriptions of shaft tombs excavated in this season are as follows.

Shaft 150 (Fig.2)
Size of Entrance: 0.9 x 1.9 m
Depth: 3.9 m
Dimension of the Room A: 2.2 x 2.5 x 1.1 m
Dimension of the Room B: 2.0 x 2.7 x 1.0 m
Location: 3F07a
The long axis of the shaft opening is oriented east-west. The floor of the shaft has been collapsed and it
leads to a northern subterranean chamber of neighboring Shaft 151. Shaft 150 has two subterranean chambers,
one to the east (Room A) and the other to the west (Room B).
1

We would like to express our deepest appreciation to the members of the Ministry of State of Antiquities (MSA), in
particular to Dr. Khalid el-Enany (Minister of the State for Antiquities) and Dr. Mohamed Ismail (General Director of
the Foreign Mission’s affairs of the Permanent Committee) for granting us permission. Thanks are also due to Mr. Sabri
Farag, Dr. Hany El Tayeb, Dr. Mohamed Yousef and Mr. Mohamed Hendawy of the Saqqara Inspectorate. Special thanks
are due to Mr. Marwan Abu Bakr, Inspector of our mission and Mr. Ragab Turkey, director of the Selim Hassan Storage
Museum at Saqqara, for their kindness in every possible way. This work was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific
Research (A) of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Grant Number: 80201052).

The Journal of SHOUHEI Egyptian Archaeological Association Vol.7

B

A’

38

C’

Room BD

Room AC

A-A’ section

A

D’

B’

Shaft 151

N

B-B’ section
Plan

Shaft

Shaft

Room A

Room A

Room B

Room B
Shaft 151 Room B

Shaft 151 Room B

C-C’ section

D-D’ section
05m

Fig.2 Plan and sections of Shaft 150

The shaft was filled with wind-blown sand which extended into both Room A and B, and tafl rubble wasaccumulated on the sand layer in both chambers, which appeared to have fallen from ceilings. Even the chambers
were carefully finished, no human remain was retrieved and the other objects were only a few pottery vessels,
suggesting the possiblity that this tomb was never used. Fig.3 shows pottery vessels found in Shaft 150. Figs.3.1
and 3.2 are deep conical bowls with flat base, made of Nile B2 fabric, with a perforation at the center of thebottom, and bowls with these characteristics are often called ‘Flowerpot’ (Holthoer 1977: 83-84; Rose 2016: 214).
Fig.3.1 was reconstructed from pot-sherds mostly from Room A, and Fig.3.2 from Room B. Fig.3.3 is a Nile B2
long-necked jar with horizontal black stripes on its outer surface, which is retrieved from Room B. ‘Flowerpots’
have a restricted chronological distribution 2, and at Kom Rabia in Memphis this shape occurred in Level IV,
which is dated from the early Eighteenth Dynasty to the reigns of Hatshepsut/Thutmose III (Bourriau 2010: 5, 81,
Fig.24.4.10.4-9). Simple lines in black is the characteristic datable to the first half of the Eighteenth Dynasty (Hope2

By the time of Hatshepsut ‘Flowerpot’ was in common and by the time of Amenhotep III it was no longer common. See
Williams 1992: 34-35.

Brief Report of the Excavations at Dahshur North: Twenty-Fifth Season, 2018

39

2

1

Black
3

0

20cm

Fig.3 Pottery vessels from Shaft 150

1989: 7). These vessels are some of the earliest types ever found among the New Kingdom tombs in this site.

Shaft 151 (Fig.4)
Size of Entrance: 2.1 x 0.8 m
Depth: 6.1 m
Dimension of the Room A: 1.9 x 0.9 x 1.0 m
Dimension of the Room B: 2.3 x 1.6 x 1.1 m
Dimension of the Room C: 2.1 x 0.8 x 1.1 m
Location: 3E97c-d
The long axis of the shaft opening is oriented north-south. There are three subterranean chambers in thisshaft, two chambers (the uppermost and lowermost) to the south and one chamber (mid-level) to the north. All thechambers have already been plundered. The reconstructed north-south cross-section showing the stratigraphy ofdeposit in Shaft 151 is provided in Fig.5.
The upper, south chamber (Room A) is relatively small among three chambers, and is slightly bent as shownin the chamber plan (Fig.4). Thick wind-blown sand accumulation was observed at the forepart of the chamber

40

The Journal of SHOUHEI Egyptian Archaeological Association Vol.7

B
A’

A’

A’

B

B

Room B

C’

C’

C’

C

C

C

N

Shaft

Shaft

D

Shaft

D

D
D’

D’

D’
Room A

Room C

B’

A

A

A

B’

B’

Room A plan

Room B plan

Room C plan

Shaft 150
Shaft 150

Room A

Room A

Shaft

Shaft

Room CRoom CRoom B

Room B

A-A’ section

B-B’ section

Room A

Room B

Room C

C-C’ section

D-D’ section
Fig.4 Plans and sections of Shaft 151

05m

Brief Report of the Excavations at Dahshur North: Twenty-Fifth Season, 2018

1. Sand layer
2. Sand layer (Room A)
3. Tafl layer (Room A)
4. Sand layer below the floor level of Room A
5. Sand with tafl layer
6. Tafl layer
7. Sand with tafl layer (Room B, upper)
8. Sand with tafl layer (Room B, lower)
9. Tafl layer (Room B)
10. Sand with tafl layer
11. Sand layer
12. Sand with tafl layer (Room C)
13. Tafl layer (Room C)

1

2
3
4
Coffin remain

7

Mud brick

8

5
6

41

9
10

11

12
13

0

5m

Fig.5 North-south cross-section and schematic stratigraphy of Shaft 151(Layer 2), and below it a layer of tafl rubble (Layer 3), presumably derived from original filler of the shaft, wasextended to the innermost part of Room A. Room A contained pot-sherds, a human head skull, wood fragments,
possibly of coffin, and fragments of painted plaster.
While the upper part of the shaft was filled with wind-blown sand (Layer 1, 2 and 4), apparently different
layer, comprised of sand and tafl rubble (Layer 5), was observed at the depth from 4.55 m to 4.8 m. The layer
contained an eye inlay of a mummy mask or an anthropoid coffin (Fig.6.1) as well as relatively many of potsherds. Below it, there was a thin tafl-rich layer (Layer 6), about 10cm thick, immediately above the level ofRoom C ceiling.
The ceiling of mid-level north chamber (Room B) is approximately 0.4 m below the level of the floor ofRoom A. A half of the ceiling was already gone due to the later intrusion by Shaft 150 as mentioned above. RoomB was enlarged to the east. The deposit of Room B comprised of three layers: the thick uppermost layer of tafl
rubble (Layer 7); the thin sand and tafl layer (Layer 8); the lowermost layer composed of tafl rubble, about 20cm
thick (Layer 9). In front of the opening of Room B a part of roughly laid mud-brick wall remained, and it wason the sand and tafl layer (Layer 5) extending from Room B (corresponding to Layer 8), which appeared to havebeen deposited after Room B was plundered and left open. Therefore, the mud-bricks were placed sometime after
the chamber was looted, probably by those who made the neighboring Shaft 150. At the western part of Room B abottom part of a wooden box-type coffin was remained on the lowermost tafl layer (Layer 9), suggesting that thecoffin was not in situ. It was poorly preserved, making it almost impossible to assume the original appearance.
The remaining part of the coffin measures 180 cm in length and 42 cm in width. Human skeletal remains, potsherds and fragments of plaster were also found in Room B.
Below the level of the floor of Room B the inclusion of tafl in the shaft filling decreased (Layer 10), andmany pot-sherds were collected at the bottom. The ceiling of the lowermost chamber (Room C) was about 0.4 m

42

The Journal of SHOUHEI Egyptian Archaeological Association Vol.7

1

Red
MortarBlack
Light blue
2

0

5cm

Fig.6 An eye inlay and a plaster ear from Shaft 151

below the level of the floor of Room B. Sand with tafl rubble accumulation (Layer 12) was observed around theopening of Room C, and it contained painted plaster, pot-sherds and wood fragments. There was a tafl layer (Layer13) below the sand accumulation, and it also yielded fragmentary grave goods, including pot-sherds, painted
plasters and human skeletal remains. The notable object is a left ear made of white plaster, surface of which still
has a residue of painting (Fig.6.2). The painted plaster included a fragment of an eye (Fig.7.2) and fragments with
cursive hieroglyphic inscriptions in black (Fig.7.3). These remains clearly indicate that the deceased interred in
Room C had worn a painted mummy mask.
Fig.6.1 shows an inlay of an eye, found in the sand with tafl layer below the level of Room A (Layer 5).
It belongs to a right eye, and made of two parts, black pupil (obsidian ?) and white part of the eye (Egyptianalabaster ?). Fig.6.2 is a left ear made of white plaster, found in the tafl layer of Room C (Layer 13). Traces of
black painting is visible on surface of the outer part of the ear, and its opposite side which used to be attachedBrief Report of the Excavations at Dahshur North: Twenty-Fifth Season, 2018

43

1

3

2
Fig.7 Painted and inscribed plaster fragments from Shaft 151

to the head have a trace of mortar and blue painting. Fig.7.2 is a plaster fragment which depicts an eye andwas found in the tafl layer of Room C (Layer 13). Fig.7.3 shows fragments of plaster with cursive hieroglyphic
inscriptions in black, which were found scattered across Room C. The ear, eye and fragments with inscriptions
appear to have comprised of a painted cartonnage mummy mask3, and residues of blue painting in the attachedsurface of the ear indicates the possibility that its headdress was painted in blue.
Major shapes of pottery are provided in Fig.8 4. Miniature dishes, made of Nile B or C fabrics, are found3

Mummy masks with an extended part under its collar, on which cursive hieroglyphs were inscribed, are attested in the
Middle Kingdom. One of the example is CG28073(M16C) (Lacau, 1903-1904: 165-166, pl.XXI).

4

Fabric of each pottery is as follows: Fig.7.1: Nile C; Fig.7.2: Nile B2; Fig.7.3: Nile B2; Fig.7.4: Nile C; Fig.7.5: Nile C;
Fig.7.6: Nile C; Fig.7.7: Nile C; Fig.7.8: Nile C; Fig.7.9: Nile C; Fig.7.10: Nile B2; Fig.7.11: Nile C; Fig.7.12: Nile C;
Fig.7.13: Nile C; Fig.7.14: Nile C; Fig.7.15: Nile C; Fig.7.16: Nile C; Fig.7.17: Nile C; Fig.7.18: Nile C; Fig.7.19: Nile
B1; Fig.7.20: Nile B1; Fig.7.21: Nile B1; Fig.7.22: Nile B2; Fig.7.23: Nile B1; Fig.7.24: Nile B1; Fig.7.25: Nile B2;
Fig.7.26: Nile C; Fig.7.27: Nile C; Fig.7.28: Nile B1; Fig.7.29: Nile C; Fig.7.30: Nile C; Fig.7.31: Marl C2; Fig.7.32:
Nile B2; Fig.7.33: Nile B2.

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1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15
16

19

20

18

21

22

17

23

24

28
25

30

29
26
27

32

31

33

0
Fig.8 Pottery vessels from Shaft 151

20cm

Brief Report of the Excavations at Dahshur North: Twenty-Fifth Season, 201845

from every chamber and the shaft filling (Fig.8.1-14). Chronologically important shapes are hemisphericalcups and ‘Beer bottles’, the most common types among the Middle Kingdom repertoire. A gradual changeof hemispherical cups, from shallow, unrestricted to deep, slightly restricted shape was attested by various
scholars5, and the difference between cups found at the upper part of the tomb and the lower is worth noting.
Cups shown as Figs.8.19 and 8.20 were reconstructed from pot-sherds found at Room A, a sand with tafl rubble
layer in the shaft (Layer 5) and tafl-rich layer (Layer 6) directly below it, and they have a deeper contour thancups of Figs.8.23 and 8.24 which contained fragments from Room B or Room C. A neck of Nile C ‘Beer bottle’(Fig.8.29) consists of fragments found at the sand layer of the shaft below Room A (Layer 4) and the sand withtafl rubble layer below (Layer 5), roughly the same level of the deeper cup’s sherds (Figs.8.19 and 8.20), and it
has a thick modelled rim with an inner indentation, often called ‘kettle-shaped’ mouth, which can be attributed
to Class 5 of Handbook of Pottery of the Egyptian Middle Kingdom corpus volume, datable to the first quarterof Thirteenth Dynasty (Schiestl and Seiler 2012: 672-673). On the other hand, fragments of hand-made Nile C
conical vessels with distinctive vertical traces of the potters’ fingers on the inner and outer surface (Figs. 8.26
and 8.27), nicknamed ‘Meat container’ (Schiestl and Seiler 2012: 136), were collected mostly from the lowest
part of the shaft or Room C. In this site ‘Meat containers’ occurred only in Shaft 58 so far, and the neck of beerbottles accompanied with those containers belong to the earlier type which prominently circulated before Class
5 bottles appeared6. Therefore, pottery vessels found at the lower part, especially Room C, are relatively earlier
than those of the upper part, most likely derived from Room A. The chronological difference between the lower
and the upper part of the shaft has significant implications for the using history of Shaft 151, and it is postulated
that these three burial chambers were made and used in the following order: at first Room C, then Room B, andlastly Room A. Experiences of previously found intact shaft tombs (Shaft 42 and 65) taught us that after a coffin
was placed in the chamber the shaft was filled with tafl rubble, which might be debris dug out of the shaft when
it was made, and that is why residual tafl accumulation was often observed in plundered shaft tombs. Hence, oncethe placement of the deceased in Room C was finished, the shaft was filled up with tafl rubble, and it was dugout again when the space for the next burial was needed. Room B was made in the opposite side, slightly higher
than Room C, being left the shaft filling in front of Room C untouched, most probably in order not to disturb theburial of Room C. Once the burial of Room B was finished, the shaft was refilled. After a certain period of time,again it was re-opened for the next burial, placed in Room A, at slightly higher level. The fact that the differencein the level between the ceiling of Room C and floor of Room B is approximately 0.4 m, which is the same as
the difference between the ceiling of Room B and floor of Room A, corroborating that the spacing and changing
of direction was not coincidence.
It is noteworthy that the sequence of making and use of the shaft with multiple chambers can bearchaeologically determined by finds. It is important whether persons placed in these chambers were related, but
5

Do. Arnold identified a gradual change of hemispherical cups in Dahshur and Lisht from shallow to deep cups by using
the ‘vessel index’, a ratio obtained by dividing the maximum width of the vessel by its height and multiplying theresult by 100. At Tell el-Dab’a detailed studies of well-stratified hemispherical cups of the late Twelfth and Thirteenth
Dynasties arrived at the same conclusion(Arnold 1988: 140-141, Fig.75; Bietak 1984: 480-481, Fig.III.2). However,it should be pointed out that supra-regional homogeneity of the cups is valid only from early Twelfth Dynasty to thesecond quarter of the Thirteenth Dynasty. See Seiler and Schiestl 2012: 105.

6

The chronological sequence of tombs in Dahshur North is discussed in Yazawa, K, forthcoming.

46

The Journal of SHOUHEI Egyptian Archaeological Association Vol.7

it is difficult to determine by the current state of the evidence.

Shaft 152 (Fig.9)
Size of Entrance: 2.1 x 0.7 m
Depth: 2.2 m
Location: 3E97a, c
The long axis of the shaft opening is oriented north-south. Although there was no chamber, the humanskeletal remains and fragments of a wooden coffin were discovered, suggesting that the deceased was buriedat the bottom of the shaft. Fine sand which filled the shaft also contained pot-sherds and fragments of painted
plaster, one of which is a half of a right ear made of white plaster belonging to a mummy mask or an anthropoid
coffin (Fig.10). Given the north-south axis of the shaft and the plaster ear which closely resembles the one foundin the neighboring Shaft 151, the burial can be dated to the late Middle Kingdom.
As shown in Fig.10, surface of the outer part of the plaster ear was painted in black, and the inner part whichused to be attached to the head has a trace of a mortar and a spot of blue painting, indicating that the headdress ofthe mask or anthropoid coffin was painted in blue. These characteristics and the size of the ear are quite similar
to the one retrieved in Room C of Shaft 151.
Retrieved pot-sherds include two rim fragments of ‘Beer bottles’(Fig.11). The fabric is Nile C, and both ofthem have a triangular modelled rim and slightly flaring neck, dated from the reign of Amenemhat III to the early

N

C

D’

Thirteenth Dynasty7.

A’
A

A-A’ section

C-C’ section

B-B’ section

D-D’ section

B
D

B’

C’

Plan

0

5m

Fig.9 Plans and sections of Shaft 152

7 It can be attributed to Class 3d of Handbook of Pottery of the Egyptian Middle Kingdom(Seiler and Schiestl 2012: 660661).

Brief Report of the Excavations at Dahshur North: Twenty-Fifth Season, 201847

MortarBlack
Light blue
5cm

0

Fig.10 Plaster ear from Shaft 152

2

1

0

20cm

Fig.11 Pottery fragments from Shaft 152

Shaft 153 (Fig.12)
Size of Entrance: 2.0 x 0.9 m
Depth: 4.3 m
Dimension of the Room A: 2.0 x 0.9 x 1.1 m
Location: 3F07b
The long axis of the shaft opening is oriented north-south. At the bottom there is a chamber to the north (RoomA). It was looted, and the shaft was entirely filled with wind-blown fine sand. In Room A a layer comprised
mainly of tafl rubble was observed on the floor.
Fragments of human bones were vertically scattered at various depths, and pot-sherds were collected in theshaft and burial chamber, which contained a large round-bottomed bottle typical of the late Middle Kingdom.
Wood and plaster fragments were also uncovered.
Major shapes of pottery are provided in Fig.13. Fig.13.1 is a Nile C large bowl found in the shaft, andFig.13.2 is a rim fragment of large cup or bowl, made of Nile B2 fabric. Figs.13.3 and 13.4 are ‘Beer bottles’,The Journal of SHOUHEI Egyptian Archaeological Association Vol.7

N

C

D’

48

Shaft

Room A
Room AAA’

A-A’ section

C-C’ section

Shaft

B’
D

B

C’

Plan

Shaft

Room A

D-D’ section

B-B’ section
05m

Fig.12 Plan and sections of Shaft 153

presumably belonging to the same vessel. The modelled rim has a rounded triangular shape and the neck isslightly flared, datable from the reign of Amenemhat III to the early Thirteenth Dynasty8.

Shaft 155 (Fig.14)
Size of Entrance: 2.1 x 0.9 m
Depth: 3.4 m
Dimension of the extended space: 2.4 x 0.8 x 1.1 m
Location: 3E98c
The long axis of the shaft opening is oriented north-south. At the bottom the wall of the shaft was extended
to the west, in order to make a space for a coffin. This tomb had been plundered, and the most part was filledwith wind-blown sand, occasionally containing tafl particles. The tightly packed layer of tafl was observed

8

It belongs to Class 3d of Handbook of Pottery of the Egyptian Middle Kingdom (Schiestl and Seiler 2012: 660-661).

Brief Report of the Excavations at Dahshur North: Twenty-Fifth Season, 2018

49

1

2

3

4

0

20cm

Fig.13 Pottery vessels from Shaft 153

immediately on the floor of the shaft, which yielded wood fragments.
A carved wooden ear which belongs to a mummy mask or an anthropoid coffin was also discovered in thetafl layer (Fig.15). White mortar was adhered on the inner part of the ear, on surface of which patterns of linen
was visible, indicating that it was a part of a mummy mask or an anthropoid coffin made of cartonnage.
All vessels provided in Fig.16 were found from the tafl layer on the floor. Fig.16.1 is a hemispherical cup,and Figs.16.2 and 16.3, mostly likely both belong to a single jar, classified as ‘Beer bottle’. These are typicaltypes of the Middle Kingdom.

The Journal of SHOUHEI Egyptian Archaeological Association Vol.7

N

C

D’

50

Shaft 154
Shaft 154A’
A
A-A’ section

C-C’ section

B
B’
C’

D

Shaft 154

Plan

B-B’ section

D-D’ section
05m

Fig.14 Plan and sections of Shaft 155

Mortar
Black
0

5cm

Fig.15 Carved wooden ear from Shaft 155

Brief Report of the Excavations at Dahshur North: Twenty-Fifth Season, 2018

51

1
2

3

0

Fig.16 Pottery fragments from Shaft 155

20cm

52

The Journal of SHOUHEI Egyptian Archaeological Association Vol.7

Documentation of objects in the past excavations
Followings are results of the documentation of objects stored in the Selim Hassan Storage Museum at
Saqqara.

Re-investigations of Small Objects Retrieved from Dahshur North (Seria Yamazaki)
During the 25th investigation of Dahshur North, we re-examined objects that were excavated in past seasons.
Several small objects such as beads and amulets, which I re-investigated in this season, are reported in this paper.

[1] Faience ornament for the Middle Kingdom anthropoid coffin’s headdress (Fig.17)
Provenance: Tomb of Sobekhat and Senetites (Shaft 65)
This faience ornament belonged to the headdress of the intact anthropoid coffin of Sobekhat, which was
found in Shaft 65 in 2007 (Baba and Yoshimura 2010: 10-12; Baba and Yazawa 2015: 3, 5-9). The tomb ofSobekhat and Senetites was dated to the late 12th to early 13th dynasties. Similar black faience ornaments wererecently retrieved from other tombs at the Dahshur North site: Shaft 134 and Shaft 138 (Yoshimura et al. 2018b:
7-9, 20- 22, Figs.6.1, 22.1). We excavated at least 96 such ornaments from Shaft 134, which indicates that there
was originally an anthropoid coffin similar to the one of Sobekhhat. However, the shape of those ornaments isslightly different. The faience ornaments of Sobekhat’s coffin are rounder than the ones from Shaft 134 (Figs.17,
18). On the other hand, the ornaments from Shaft 138 are almost the same shape as those of Sobekhat’s coffin.
These kinds of ornaments have been recovered from other Middle Kingdom sites: the coffin of Hapi-Ankhtifi
from Meir (Hayes 1953: 312, Fig.203), Harageh (Engelbach 1923: Pl.51), and tomb 24 at Thebes (Carnarvon
and Carter 1912: 53, Pl.XLIV.2). Hayes presumed that the ornaments on the headdress of the anthropoid coffin
represent “thick, wavy locks of hair” (Hayes 1953: 312, Fig.203).

Mortar
02cm)LJ)DLHQFHRUQDPHQWIRUWKHDQWKURSRLGFRI¿QRISobekhat

Fig.18 Faience ornament from Shaft 134

Brief Report of the Excavations at Dahshur North: Twenty-Fifth Season, 201853

[2] Amulet with an incised standing figure (Figs.19, 20)
Object Number: 4o-0357
Provenance: Tomb of Ipay (Shaft A2 or Room H)
This glass (?) amulet is probably identical to the one that was published in a previous paper (Baba andTsubono 2005: 70, 73). However, its back side has not been reported. In the 2018 season, I re-observed it closely
and found that a standing figure of a god or a person was incised on the back. This standing figure is facing rightand holding a scepter or a stick.
A similarly shaped glass amulet was retrieved from Gurob, and was dated to the Eighteenth to the Nineteenth
dynasties (Brunton and Engelbach 1927: Pl.XLIV.58V). Unlike 4o-0357 from our site, it has no incised figures.
A sarcophagus and a number of grave goods dated from the Ramesside Period were found in Room H in the
Tomb of Ipay (Yoshimura et al. 2000: 107).

02cm)LJ$PXOHWZLWKDQLQFLVHGVWDQGLQJ¿JXUH

Fig.20 Back side[3] Stone vessel amulet (Fig.21)
Object Number: 2o-2470
Provenance: Shaft 17, Room B
This alabaster, vessel-shaped amulet was published in a previous paper (Baba and Tsubono 2005: 70, 73).
However, it recently became clear that this amulet was not perforated straightly, but there is a horizontal surface
in the middle. Traces of drilling can be observed on the upper side. It is possible that this was originally a drilledminiature stone vessel, and a narrower perforation was added afterward for stringing.
This amulet was found in Shaft 17, from which a stela dated to the late Eighteenth Dynasty (but before theAmarna Period) and a sealing with the name of Akhenaten were retrieved (Yoshimura et al. 1999: 143, 145-146).

[4] Flattened barrel bead (Figs.22, 23)
Object Number: 5o-1975
Provenance: Shaft 23, Room C
A large flattened barrel bead, probably made of white glass. Grooves were observed at the end cut of thisbead (Fig. 23). According to Xia Nai (2014), this kind of perforation can be classified into Type 8 (Xia Nai 2014:
pl.I.a), and these grooves were engraved before being perforated (Xia Nai 2014: 10). It probably helped to decide
the position of perforation. He argued this is mainly for stone beads, but 5o-1975 shows that it could be used forother materials as well.

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The Journal of SHOUHEI Egyptian Archaeological Association Vol.7

White
Dark stain
02cm

Fig.21 Stone vessel amulet

02cm

Fig.22 Flattened barrel bead

Fig.23 End cut with grooves

Brief Report of the Excavations at Dahshur North: Twenty-Fifth Season, 2018

55

This bead was excavated from Shaft 23 in which shabtis, blocks with reliefs, parts of a wooden coffin, and afaience scarab with the name of Thutmose III were found (Yoshimura et al. 2000: 104-105, 107, 109).

[5] Semi-spherical bead (Figs.24, 25)
Object Number: 6o-0552
Provenance: Shaft 27, Room B
This semi-spherical bead, made of tusk or bone, was published in a previous paper (Baba and Tsubono 2005:
69, 72). In the 2018 season, I observed more details.
The convex surface is polished very well, but the reverse side is not smooth and is natural (Fig.25).
Moreover, grooves can be clearly seen close to the perforation, like 5o-1975 above. Those grooves were probably
engraved before the perforation, or it is possible that they are traces of stringing.
This bead was found in Shaft 27 from which several New Kingdom objects, including a sealing from a jar
with the name of Tutankhamen, were excavated (Yoshimura et al. 2001: 51-53).

02cm

Dark stain

Fig.24 Semi-spherical bead

Fig.25 Reverse side with perforation and grooves

56

The Journal of SHOUHEI Egyptian Archaeological Association Vol.7[6] Ribbed bead (Fig.26)
Object Number: 5o-2174
Provenance: Shaft 25, Room A
A tiny ribbed bead, which was published in a previous paper (Baba and Tsubono 2005: 70, 73), is made of
red glass (?) and gold or silver. Similar beads made of gold were found at other New Kingdom sites (Xia Nai
2014: 120, Pl.IX, M68b), and the one retrieved from Gurob was dated to the Eighteenth to Nineteenth dynasties(Brunton and Engelbach 1927: Pl.XLIII, 47Y).
Shabtis, a large heart scarab, parts of a wooden coffin, and an amulet with the name of Amenhetep III wereretrieved from Shaft 25 (Yoshimura et al. 2000: 104, 107).

02cm

Fig.26 Ribbed bead

[7] Abdomen of stone heart scarab (Fig.27)
Object Number: 5o-1454
Provenance: Shaft 25, Room A
This is part of a stone heart scarab with incised texts, which was found in Shaft 25, shown above. The
preserved texts are in two horizontal lines, as follows:

1. Dd.f ib.i n mwt.(i) ib.i
2. n mwt(.i) HAty.i n xpr[w][…]“He speaks: My heart of my mother, my heart of my mother, my breast of transformations […]”
(cf. Schneider 1996: 36, Pl.21, cat.196).

That is the first part of spell 30B from the Book of the Dead, which appeared in burials from the 13th
Dynasty onwards (Maravelia 2002: n.26) and was often written on the abdomen of the heart scarab (Andrews
1994: 56).
Mortar can be observed on the reverse side, which indicates that it was originally attached to a certain object.
The pectoral is a strong candidate for it, because heart scarabs were incorporated into pectorals from the New
Kingdom onwards, and this practice extended to non-royal burials by at least the reign of Ramesses II (Andrews
1994: 59). There are adequate examples of pectorals with spell 30B on the reverse side (e.g., Feucht 1971: nos.
77, 205F; Martin 1985: Pl.33, Fig.93; Yamazaki 2018: 207, Fig.3). Moreover, several pectorals that are missing
inlaid heart scarabs have been retrieved from Dahshur North (Yamazaki 2018: 207-212, Figs.3-6).

[8] Abdomen of faience heart scarab (Fig.28)
Object Number: 3o-1513
Provenance: Tomb of Ipay (Shaft A, Room A)
This is part of a faience heart scarab with texts that are almost invisible. Mortar can be seen on the reverse
side, which indicates that it was originally attached to a pectoral.

Brief Report of the Excavations at Dahshur North: Twenty-Fifth Season, 201857

Mortar
Scrach02cm

Fig.27 Abdomen of stone heart scarab

02cm

MortarBlack

Fig.28 Abdomen of faience heart scarab[9] Flail bead (Fig.29)
Object Number: 5o-0379
Provenance: Shaft 24
This is a white conical bead made of glass (?). It is relatively heavy and has a glossy surface. Shabtis andparts of a wooden coffin were retrieved from Shaft 24 (Yoshimura et al. 2000: 107, 109), which indicates that thistomb was used in the New Kingdom. These kinds of beads have been found at other New Kingdom sites (e.g.,
Brunton and Engelbach 1927: Pl.XLIV, 58U; Giddy 1999: 113, Pl.25, cats.318, 968, 1035, 3131); they may havebeen used for a model flail or whisk (Giddy 1999: 113).

[10] Flail bead (Fig.30)
Object Number: 16o-0244
Provenance: Shaft 82, Shaft
This is a small flail bead, which was published in a previous paper (Yoshimura et al. 2012: 32, Figs.11.1,
11.2). A closer investigation was conducted in the 2018 season. This flail bead is made of glazed stone, and a

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The Journal of SHOUHEI Egyptian Archaeological Association Vol.7

Reddish brown

Dark stain
0

0

2cm

2cm

Fig.30 Flail bead with reddish brown pigment
Fig.29 Flail beadreddish brown pigment is preserved on top. Flail beads have been retrieved not only from the New Kingdom,
but also plenty of Middle Kingdom sites, including tombs of princesses (e.g., Morgan 1895: 114, Pl.XXXIX;
Morgan 1903: 48, 54, 74; Mace and Winlock 1916: 15-16, 96-102, Figs.7, 35, Pl.XXIX; Pinch 1993: Pl.2, left;
Arnold 2002: 124). 16o-0244 was found in Shaft 82, whose axis indicates that this tomb was used in the Middle
Kingdom; in particular, pottery from this tomb was dated to the late 12th to early 13th dynasties.

[11] Flail bead (Fig.31)
Object Number: 16o-0263
Provenance: Shaft 82, Room A
This flail bead was retrieved from the same tomb in which 16o-0244 was found. However, the size, weight,
material, and color are different. 16o-0263 is larger than 16o-0244, but is lighter in terms of weight since it ismade of green faience. Moreover, close observation clarified that a small piece of gold foil is preserved in its
lower part (Fig.31). As I mentioned above, flails made of conical beads have been excavated from many Middle
Kingdom sites. Moreover, several beads –especially from princesses’ tombs – have gold foil along their lower
ends (e.g., Farag and Iskander 1971: 35-36, pl.XXXVIII; Arnold 2002: 124).
Flails from princesses’ tombs are usually made of conical beads of different sizes and colors. They are often
of blue/green glazed faience and carnelian. Therefore, 16o-0244 and 16o-0263 (Fig.32), possibly constructed fromthe same flail, and the smaller one (16o-0244), could be placed at the top (Mace and Winlock 1916: 16). 16o0244 is a reddish brown glazed stone, and was probably substituted for a carnelian.

[12] Pectoral (Figs.33, 34)
Object Number: 4o-0046
Provenance: Tomb of Ipay (Shaft A, Room H)
This is a shrine-shaped stone (probably diorite) pectoral (Yamazaki 2018: 208-209). A scarab was possibly
inlaid in the center. There are three diagonal holes for stringing, and we can also see the one failed hole that did
not reach the top surface due to a very steep angle (Figs.33, 34).

Brief Report of the Excavations at Dahshur North: Twenty-Fifth Season, 2018

59

Gold foil
Dark stain
02cm

Fig.31 Flail bead with gold foil

Fig.32 Flail beads (left: [11], right: [10])0Fig.33 Shrine-shaped pectoral

2cm

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The Journal of SHOUHEI Egyptian Archaeological Association Vol.7

Fig.34 Trace of failed perforation[13] Unknown Objects (Figs.35, 36)
Object Number: 5o-1302+5o-1966
Provenance: Shaft 23, Room B and C
They are enigmatic objects made of blue glass and bronze.

Dark stain
0

2cm

BronzeFig.35 Unknown object (5o-1302+5o-1966)

Brief Report of the Excavations at Dahshur North: Twenty-Fifth Season, 2018

61

BronzeTranslucent white2cm

0Fig.36 Unknown object (5o-1718)

Hieratic Inscription (Motoharu Arimura)Studies on hieratic dockets written on pottery surface have been done since the end of the Nineteenth
century, and it has supplied a lot of clues to reveal the economy of ancient Egypt. In many cases, attention has
been paid mainly to contents of inscriptions while other elements, for example, a shape of pottery and its fabric,
had not been subjects of interest. However, we can obtain much information also from sherds itself besides themeaning of written signs, and combining them as possible as we can, more vivid image of the ancient Egyptian
economy and society will be drawn.
At Dahshur North, over 20 sherds with hieratic inscription have been found since early seasons of the
excavations. Though the presence of these materials was mentioned several times (Yoshimura et al. 1998: 115;
Yoshimura et al. 1999: 146), most of them are still unpublished and not fully studied. In 2018’s season, we
have had a chance to study a part of these materials which are dated to the New Kingdom, and this paper is thepreliminary report of the research. Some hieratic inscriptions are difficult to translate and interpretable in several
ways; therefore, we do not regard interpretations proposed here as the final ones, and other better ideas arewelcomed. It is hoped that the materials which will be shown below contribute to the study of the multi-aspectsof the New Kingdom society.

[1] 2o-2508+4o-0622+4o-0637+4o-682 (EW-0005+175+0121) (Fig. 37)
Shape: Amphora
Fabric: Marl F, cream slipped exterior
Provenance: Shaft A, Room A, B and H
Transliteration: Hsb.t 7 irp n ? ? ////// ? ? (Line 1) , ra-ms-sw-mry-imn a. w. s Hr /// m Dr.t xnsw (Line 2)
Translation: Regnal year 7, a wine of ? ? ////// ? ? (Line 1), Ramesses beloved of Amun l. p. h on /// under thecontrol of Khonsu

Three strokes attached to the ending of irp are grouped vertically with n sign on this material although
they are usually written under the vessel shape determinative, and few parallels exist (e.g. Pendlebury 1951:
pl.LXXXVIII, no.106). Four long strokes follow the irp n, and a sherd which has similar group is found at

62

The Journal of SHOUHEI Egyptian Archaeological Association Vol.7

0

? ?

?

10cm

? ?

? ?

0

5cm

Fig.37 2o-2508+4o-0622+4o-0637+4o-682

Ramesseum (Spiegelberg 1898: no. 226). On this material, the first two signs form kA sign which is a part ofkAmw “vineyard”. Generally, the word “vineyard” follows irp n as the material cited above. However, unlike this,the first two strokes are not connected at the bottom, but independent on 2o-2508+4o-0622+4o-0637+4o-682.
Instead, to read them as quality of wine like nfr or nDm may be possible because there are some examples that
preposition n stands between irp and its quality (e.g. Spiegelberg 1898: no.265), while the strokes do not lookBrief Report of the Excavations at Dahshur North: Twenty-Fifth Season, 201863

like adjectives used normally. Another possibility is seeing them simply as a numeral. If so, the first three strokes
and fourth can be separated, since forth one slightly curves to the right as it goes down. And then, it seems thatthe fourth stroke and next two signs, hrw and stroke which looks like V289, form nHH, but the context does notmatch here. To put it simply, it is difficult to interpret the signs after irp n, although the inscription remains
clearly.
On the next sherd jumping a lost piece, only a clear sign seems to be T28 (Möller 1927: 35, sign 397), but
it is obvious that the last sign which can be seen is the end the first line. Since next line begins with the king’s
name, the last group of the first line might denote a kind of temple or estate.
The second line begins with the name Ramesses II, and after Hr, more specific geographical informationmust have been written. The name Khonsu directly follows m Dr.t formula without the word such as Hry kAm “chief
vintner”.

[2] 4o-0741 (EW-0004) (Fig. 38)
Shape: Amphora
Fabric: Marl F, cream slipped exterior
Provenance: Shaft A, Room H, inside the sarcophagus of Mes
Transliteration: // (i)rp ? n hrw 4 n pA kAm n tA Hw.t nt HH
Translation: // a ? wine of 4 days of vineyard of temple of million (of years)

Unfortunately, it is impossible to know the specific date of king’s reign from this sherd since a part whichindicates it is missing. As mud covers the surface, some signs are difficult to read.
After irp is the adjective which tells the quality of the wine, and at a glance, it looks like nDm (Möller 1927:
27, sign 296), but basically, nDm “sweet” is written along with the G17 and Y1 (e.g. Koenig 1980: no.6365), orat least G17 (e.g. Martin 1988: 119). If this material is not an exception, it is better to interpret the sign as nfr
which can be written in one sign rather nDm, although the above of the remaining ink is faint.
The sign HH might be followed by (m) rnp.wt, and the “vineyard of a temple of millions of years” is often
mentioned (e.g. Spiegelberg 1898: no. 318; Raven 2001: cat. 432). Probably a king’s name and a chief vintner
was mentioned in the second line.

?
0

10cm
0

Fig.38 4o-0741
9“Alphabet + number” refers to Gardiner’s sign list.

5cm

64

The Journal of SHOUHEI Egyptian Archaeological Association Vol.7[3] 2o-2221+3o-1590 (EW-97+160) (Fig.39)
Shape: Amphora
Fabric: Marl D, cream slipped exterior
Provenance: Shaft 17, Room B and C
Transliteration: Hsb.t 23 i(r)p //// (Line 1), n Hm-nTr tt (Line 2)
Translation: Regnal year 23, a wine //// (Line 1), of/for the priest, Tet (Line 2)

Regnal year is written without a king’s name. From the same provenance, an amphora which has similar
docket was found, and it is inscribed Hsb.t 23 irp n h //// (Line 1), n Hm-nTr t //, “regnal year 23, a wine //// of/for
the priest, T//” (Yoshimura et al. 1999: pl. 6. 11).
The second line begins with preposition n, and the ink before this sign is unintended dripping. A trace ofemending can be observed under the nTr sign. After the sign Hm, a stroke and a sign A1 are grouped vertically asa determinative of Hm nTr. A name of the priest is tt (Ranke 1935: 383, no.20). 2o-2221+3o-1590 has obviously
N23+36 (Möller 1927: 30, sign 334) as a determinative while the name listed by Ranke choices X4. The last signin this docket is a sign A1 represented by a dot.

05cm

Fig.39 4o-0741[4] 3o-0872+3o-1060 (EW-174+158) (Fig.40)
Shape: Amphora
Fabric: Marl D, cream slipped exterior
Provenance: Shaft 17, Room C
Transliteration: //// hAy nfr (Line 1), (n Hm-nTr) tt (Line 2)
Translation: //// a good going down (Line 1), (of/for the priest), Tet.

It is reported that hieratic dockets including the phrase irp n hAy nfr were found at Malqata and Amarna(Tallet 1998: 206-209), and some translation “wine for a good going down” or “wine which goes down well” isBrief Report of the Excavations at Dahshur North: Twenty-Fifth Season, 201865

suggested previously (Hayes 1951: 89). The other amphora cited above has h sign next to irp n, therefore it ispossible that it also contained irp n hAy nfr. Normally, D54 is used as a determinative of hAy, but the trace of theremain is slightly different from usual shape of the sign (Möller 1927: 11, sign 120).
This material and 2o-2221+3o-1590 have an identical phrase, but we can see the difference between them,such as the way to write tt, and therefore the scribal hand might be different respectively.

0

10cm

?

0

5cm

Fig.40 3o-0872+3o-1060[5] 3o-0858 (EW-0172) (Fig.41)
Shape: Amphora ?
Fabric: Marl D, cream slipped exterior
Provenance: Shaft 17, Room C
Transliteration: ? ? s ?
Translation: ?

The inscription is complete since this group of signs are not preceded and followed by other signs. Most ofthem are written clearly, however, it is difficult to interpret. The first sign looks like G1(Möller 1927: 17, sign192) or W25(Möller 1927: 44, sign 496), the next can be read F31 (Möller 1927: 36, sign 408) or, if the rightstroke is excluded, a vessel shape determinative (Möller 1927: 45, sign 498), and S29 is the only the sign which
can be read with confidence. The last sign seems n, but other reading is possible because the space around it isworn. Two long strokes might be Z5 (Möller 1927: 50, sign 559).
Given the shape of the sherd and the text aligned on center, it is possible to suggest that this material wasused as a sort of tag.

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The Journal of SHOUHEI Egyptian Archaeological Association Vol.7

?

? ?

0

5cm

Fig.41 3o-0858[6] 3o-1567 (EW-0157) (Fig.42)
Shape: Flask
Fabric: Marl D, cream slipped exterior
Provenance: Shaft 17, Room C
Transliteration: see below
Translation: see below

From the shaft 17, several flasks were found, and this fragment must be a portion of these. First three signs
are written clearly and it can be read in two ways. One is regarding N5 as the determinative of dwA, then themeaning is “morning”. The other interpretation reads it as infinitive and object, that is, dwA rA “praising Ra”.
Additionally, the ambiguous final sign looks like G5 (Möller 1927: 16, sign 184; Marciniak 1974: 196, sign184), and if this reading is correct, the object of dwA appears to be ra-Hr (-Axty). It seems that the latter is a betterinterpretation since it makes sense as a sentence.
Flasks with hieratic inscriptions are found in the Tomb of Senneferi at Thebes, and the writing denotes that
all of them were used as containers of good wine (Bohleke 2015: 243-245). It is interesting that the type of
information on the flask from Shaft 17 is definitely different from normal hieratic dockets such as ones from thetomb of Senneferi.

[7] 6o-1035 (EW-376) (Fig.43)
Shape: Amphora
Fabric: Marl D, cream slipped exterior
Provenance: Shaft 30, Room B
Transliteration: mrHt // 10 (20?)
Translation: mrHt oil // 10 (20?)

A part of the inscription cannot be transcribed due to black resin covering the surface broadly. A numeral is
the last recognizable sign on this sherd. Though we can see 10 sign clearly, there is a possibility that numeral is
20. It is difficult to tell them since thick stain veils the area which is critical to distinguish it.

Brief Report of the Excavations at Dahshur North: Twenty-Fifth Season, 201867

Before the numeral, a unit of volume must have been written such as hnw used frequently in hieratic dockets.
Considering the scribal hand, namely the space between the signs and its size, full spelling of hnw seems to
be impossible. In addition to this material, another amphora with inscription “mrHt” is found at Dahshur North(Yoshimura et al. 2002: 94). The term mrHt is also written other than on amphorae, it is reported that the word is
inscribed on cups made of Nile silt found in the tomb of Horemheb(Schneider 1996: 11).

?

0

0

10cm

5cm

Fig.42 3o-1567

0
0

5cm

10cm

Fig.43 6o-1035

3KRWRJUDPPHWU\IRUDQWKURSRLGFRI¿QVGLVFRYHUHGLQWKVHDVRQ
In 16th season (2008), four anthropoid coffins were discovered at Shaft 110. The tomb was alreadyplundered, but coffins for the deceased were relatively well-preserved even though they were intentionaly
broken by a tomb robber to extract the owner's body. Conservation work has been finished, and in this season
photogrammetry for these coffins was conducted, and the followings are the results.

68

The Journal of SHOUHEI Egyptian Archaeological Association Vol.7

0)LJ,U\VHUDDRXWHUFRI¿Q

100cm

Brief Report of the Excavations at Dahshur North: Twenty-Fifth Season, 2018

0

)LJ,U\VHUDDLQQHUFRI¿Q

69

100cm

70

The Journal of SHOUHEI Egyptian Archaeological Association Vol.7

0)LJ7DZESDZPDDWRXWHUFRI¿Q

100cm

Brief Report of the Excavations at Dahshur North: Twenty-Fifth Season, 2018

0

)LJ7DZESDZPDDWLQQHUFRI¿Q

71

100cm

72

The Journal of SHOUHEI Egyptian Archaeological Association Vol.7

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Yoshimura, S., Yazawa, K., Kondo, J., Kashiwagi, H., Takenouchi, K., Matsunaga, S. and Yamazaki, S.
2016a “Brief Report of the Excavations at Dahshur North: Twenty-third Season, 2015”, 7KH-RXUQDORI6+28+(,(J\SWLDQ
Archaeological Association, Higashi Nippon International University 3, pp.3-22.
Yoshimura, S., Yazawa, K., Kondo, J., Kashiwagi, H., Takenouchi, K. and Yamazaki, S.
2016b “Brief Report of the Excavations at Dahshur North: Twenty-second Season, 2015”, 7KH -RXUQDO RI 6+28+(,Egyptian Archaeological Association, Higashi Nippon International University 1, pp.3-19.
Yoshimura, S., Yazawa, K., Kondo, J., Kashiwagi, H., Yamazaki, S., Ishizaki, N. and Arimura, M.
2018b “Brief Report of the Excavations at Dahshur North: Twenty-Fourth Season, 2017”, TKH -RXUQDO RI 6+28+(,Egyptian Archaeological Association, Higashi Nippon International University 5, pp.3-38.

76நနқҫӊһ৤ॾ޻‫ࡉݶ‬ᅆ്̜ 7 ৽ဩେঞࡌ̜ႏᅗшҁѤय़ࢅ୹ѣࡉᅆџѣќ๫໙ႏਈ੒ൌ޻қҫӊһ৤ॾ޻य़ࢅ୹ѣ 2017 ໪рѾ 2018 ໪Ѡрцћѣ޻ୠߋຍѣ‫ޘ‬ᅆ҇஀фѮтѝш҂ќюс̝ђҁѤൌ޻಻ളѣࡉᅆѠ஀фшѝѠьѳьє̞ᅬᄢѤৄфєфъ҈
ѣၒ̴Ѡષєіѣߋຍ҇එјћйєѕфшѝс୔ᅆѝ৤нєрѾќю̞य़ࢅ୹ѣࡉᅆѝџҀѝ̝қҫӊһѠ
ࢺႴѣзҀၒѣണѠѤ̝຦҈ќйєѕф݉໸ౖсஜџфџјћьѳйѳю̞қҫӊһय़ࢅ̡෕ਯ҇ൌ޻ѣӉӜӦҼѝьћйфєѶѠ̝ൌ޻ѣࡉᅆѠดୟьѳьє̞Ⴇ̝य़ࢅ୹ѣࡉᅆѤ 1 ໪ѠϨ‫ݸ‬ѝйлृѳѿѤџф̝WEB ୟའѣᅧ฿҇ౡрьћ̝йљќѷ݄рѳѝѶѾҁҀѷѣсзҀ૑Ѡ఺૑ୟюшѝсќтѳю̞ђшќൌ޻ѣࡉᅆќ಻ളษџ၈ਇѝр̝९රᇫဍ҇ඩ௿Ѡь̝य़ࢅ୹ࡉᅆѤ෕ਯ၈ਇѝр̝य़ࢅӁ̷һ҇ඩ௿Ѡьєѷѣ҇ढੑюҀшѝѠьѳьє̞̜ਘႏ޻ѣқҫӊһ৤ॾ޻य़ࢅ୹Ѥ̝қҫӊһ໋࿫ќѤӞҢҰ̷Ӟ‫ݍܫ‬ѣ൮౧൮ҕӔӦѭҹӊ 3 ్ွѣଳ࿳ѣઘ௒чѝࡍഗѣွඒѣ෕ਯ̡य़ࢅ҇बഘьћйѳю̞ѳє̝қҫӊһၿ࿫ќѤҳӂҪӘ̷Ӟѣࡍഗွ̝ҕӉ̡Ҫ̷Ӟ໋ࡵᆚѣ෕ਯ̡य़ࢅ̝ђьћҡҩോඒќ് 2 ѣഥᅊѣಬ཈̡ࣼଳ࿳̡࿳९य़ࢅ̝ђьћ౧࿫ွඒѣඒ݁ӑҶӊ੣ѿͅҢӈ‫ܫ‬ွ൸ਯल‫͆ݭ‬ѝൌӇӜӒҶҼѣ‫ێ‬ණಧ҇ᅧᅀьєҬҠӖҾӦңѣӊӠҫҚҢһс
కѶѾҁћйѳю̞ђҁѓҁѣ෕ਯ̡य़ࢅѤय़ࢅ୹ѣࡉᅆѠ૒̴ѝ཈ྴьћйфᄬซќю̞̜ਘ‫ݸ‬Ѥ് 2 ѣഥᅊѣಬѣ࿫੕ѣय़ࢅ്̝ 2 ѣഥᅊѣಬѣಬ঺ୟ๙ѣᄜࡀ࿿ѣခ౸ѝ X ಬခ౸̝ҳӂҪӘ̷Ӟၿ‫ڭ‬ಀ෕ਯ‫ޘ‬၈ͅ۸ဍ͆҇ढੑьѳьє̞ࡧഡ̜੣૔ !
޻৒ၔఘநနἷ๫໙ႏਈ੒ൌ޻޻ේ̡ࢲ଩

நနқҫӊһ৤ॾ޻‫ࡉݶ‬ᅆ്̜ 7 ৽

The Journal of SHOUHEI Egyptian Archaeological2019 ໪ 1 ॉ 15 ໙཈৫

Association Vol.7
Published date: January 15th, 2019཈৫୹ / நနқҫӊһ৤ॾ޻‫ݶ‬̜΂ 970-8023 ࿶๦ॢй҄тધနߜใନࣟ൙ 37

Published by SHOUHEI Egyptian Archaeological Association,̜๫໙ႏਈ੒ൌ޻қҫӊһ৤ॾ޻य़ࢅ୹຿

Higashi Nippon International University཈৫ఘ / ࠥୟѳѻѴ37, S u g a n e z a w a , Ta i r a k a m a t a , I w a k i c i t y, F u k u s h i m aprefecture, Japan© SHOUHEI Egyptian Archaeological Association