ӸӞ‫ܖٻދ‬࿢‫ܖؾ‬ᄂᆮᅹ․••… ࠰҅ᢿ⇟∄⇮∏‫ע‬ᩗᛦ௹‫إ‬ԓInvestigation Report of 2004 Northern Sumatra Earthquake ᐕ  ᦬‫ޓ‬ฬฎደᄢቇⅣႺቇ⎇ⓥ⑼March 2005
Graduate School of Environmental StudiesNagoya University

表紙写真
バンダ・アチェ市 沿岸部における被害（2005 年 2 月 8 日

木股文昭 撮影）

裏面地図の ”Indian Ocean” 表記付近にある”JL-PELABUHANLAMA ULEELHEUE” の JL 付近。この辺りは軍のキャンプや海水浴場・商店があり、建物が密集していた。津波時にも多くの子どもたちを含む人々でにぎわっていたという。
裏表紙地図
バンダ・アチェ市内の地図および津波被害のようす2005 年 2 月 7 日にバンダ・アチェ市内にある国連の Humanitarian Information
Centre で入手。市の中心部である” 40 Grand Mosque” 付近も津波で大きな被害を受けていることがわかる。調査当初、市内の地図はいたるところで売り切れていて入手できなかったため、この地図を資源に土地勘を養い、調査の計画をたてた。

は

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に

名古屋大学環境学研究科は附属の地震火山・防災研究センターを始め、地震科学、耐震工学、都市工学、災害社会学、社会心理学等を専門とする研究者を多数有することから、2001 年の発足時から文理連携型の教育研究プロジェクトの一つの柱として「安心安全学」の確立を目指してきました。これまでも、東海地震など名古屋圏への影響が予想される震災の対策を自治体と協働して推進するための地域貢献事業等において目覚ましい成果を上げてきました。
一方、昨年 12 月 26 日に起こった北部スマトラ地震とそれに伴う津波の被害はまさに未曾有というにふさわしいものであったと思います。いまだに死者・行方不明者の数は確定していませんが、少なくとも 30 万人、経済的な損害は 7,500 億円と言われています。特に震源地のインドネシアは約 23 万人の人的被害を受けています。
震災発生以来、我が国も含め多くの国から研究者が被災地を訪れており、本格的な調査が今まさに始まる段階と思われますが、そのほとんどは学会ごとの縦割りによる学術調査です。今回の震災は規模が大きいこともありますが、地震や津波の発生状況を偶然捉えた映像を見て感じるのは、まさに人々の生活の真只中に突然巨大な自然の力が襲いかかり、
地形や構造物だけでなく、人間や社会全体を破滅させるほどのものであったということです。「ノアの箱舟」は決して神話の世界だけのものではないと感じた方も多いのではないでしょうか。このようなカタストロフィックな事象に対して、単に物理的・力学的なメカニ
ズムや、結果としての家族やコミュニティの崩壊を個々に捉えることには限界があるように思います。換言すれば、スマトラ地震のような災害こそ、当研究科が目指している文理連携型の包括的な学術的接近の対象であるべきものと考えます。
本書は最も被害の大きかったバンダアチェを目的地として、２月 5 日から 13 日にかけて派遣された当研究科の調査団の報告ですが、研究科としては、上記のような観点から今後継続的に学際的な調査団を派遣したいと思っています。さらには、現地の復旧が進むに従って、単に研究対象としての「被災地」調査だけではなく、何らかの形で復興のお手伝いができるような派遣も検討できれば、より有意義なプロジェクトとなるでしょう。本報告
書を読まれた方々には、お気づきの点をご指摘頂くなど一層のご鞭撻を賜れば幸いです。
2005 年 3 月
名古屋大学

環境学研究科長
黒田

達朗

は

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に

2004 年 12 月 26 日スマトラ沖にマグニチュード 9.0 の地震が発生し，インド洋沿岸に 28
万人におよぶ死者をもたらした．この地震は，最近 100 年間で４番目の大きさの地震となった．地球振動を用いると，マグニチュードは 9.3 に達し，1960 年チリ地震に次ぐ２番目の大きさとも言われている．過去 100 年の世界の計測地震観測や，過去数百年におよぶイ
ンド洋の地震の歴史には残っていないほどの超巨大な地震が起きたと言えるかもしれない．
インド洋の北東沿岸に，このような超巨大地震が発生し，あのような甚大な津波災害をもたらす，と予想できた研究者はいなかったであろう．しかし，今回の調査で，アチェ州西海岸に津波が打ち上げたと思われる珊瑚礁の巨石がいくつも見られた．これらは，今回の津波前からあったと言われているため，過去にこのような津波が起きた可能性もある．超低頻度自然現象の研究と防災，日本を含めた世界のあらゆる地域に投げかけられた問題である．津波早期警報の導入だけでは解決しえない課題でもある．
名古屋大学の調査隊には，バンダアチェ市の出身で，豊橋科学技術大学大学院生 Farid
Jakfar さんに加わっていただいた．インドネシア側からは，国立バンドン工科大学（Institute of Technology Bandon） の文化人類学者の Suherman 講師がバンダアチェ州に入る前から調査隊に加わり，環境学研究科研究員 Besana Glenda さん（フィリピン出身）
を含め，３カ国からなる国際調査隊となった．Farid さんは，バンダアチェ市にある国立シ
ャクアラ大学（University of Syiah Kuala，Unsyia）工学部の講師も兼務しており，同大学では，副学長を始め多くの関係者と会合を持ち，今後の共同調査や共同研究のあり方などについて意見を交換した．同大には日本に留学した教職員が 40 人おり，今後の日本との共同研究の話も進んだ．被災地での共同調査同は，大学農学部農業経済学の Fari 教授（京大修士），地球物理学グループの Didik 講師のグループなどと一緒に行うことができた． 社
会専攻グループは Unsyia 構内でテント生活をする被災者のインタビューから，しだいにバ
ンダアチェ郊外の西海岸まで対象を拡げて行った．地球専攻グループは，Unsyia の地球物理学学生に講義を行うと共に，実験室の屋根に GPS アンテナを取り付け，地震時の上下変動の調査も行った．夜間は，社会学専攻，地球学専攻のグループが文理融合で，夜遅くまで調査結果の報告や意見交換を行った．
今回の調査は，一回限りのものではなく，今後何年も繰り返し，調査や観測が継続され，地震のメカニズムの理解、今後の予測、被災地の復旧や復興への一助となることを希望したい．津波のため大被害を被った中で現地の方々は、合同調査隊を暖かく迎え入れてくれ
た。とりわけ，Farid さんの家族には，調査隊全員が一方ならずお世話になった．この巻頭言を書いている現在，木股助教授は第２次調査隊を率いて，スマトラ島で GPS 観測を行っており，Farid 家にもお世話になっているはずである．ここに感謝の気持ちを表します．最後に，このような文理融合型の調査隊を組織することを励ましていただいた黒田環境学研
究科長，ならびに急な調査隊派遣に支援をいただいた研究科事務長を始めとする事務の方々に感謝の意を表したい．
平成 17 年 3 月
名古屋大学大学院環境学研究科
2004 年北部スマトラ地震

教授

第１次調査団

団長

安藤

雅孝

目

次

はじめに

第１章 調査団の概要
１．環境学研究科スマトラ地震緊急調査団を組織して(木股) ･･
２．ホームページによる情報共有(木村) ････････････････････

1
7

第２章 調査団からの報告
自然科学チーム
１．超巨大地震と超巨大災害をなぜ予測できなかったのか？(安藤)･･･････････････････ 12
２．Report of the February 5-13, 2005 Field Survey
at Banda Aceh, Indonesia (Glenda) ･･･････････････････ 20
社会科学チーム
３．街と人から見たバンダ・アチェの津波被害(田中) ････････ 37
４．バンダ・アチェにおけるインタビュー調査の実施(木村) ･･ 43
５．Report Summary of Field Survey
at Banda Aceh, Indonesia (Suhirman) ･････････････････ 54

第３章 研究発表
発表タイトル・地球科学惑星関連学会 2005 年合同学会予稿集原稿･･･････････ 62

資料
地図等 ･･････････････････････････････････････････････････ 71
Situation Report No.23, 01 February 2005 ････････････････ 74
Draft Analysis “Who, What, Where”Map Set
On-Going Sectoral Activities in Aceh Province, 1 February･ 78
警察に出頭して発行してもらう証明書 ･･････････････････････ 87
バンダ・アチェでの滞在 ･･････････････････････････････････ 88■調査団メンバー
自然科学チームと社会科学チームの２チームで構成されたが、市内における被害調査などは共同で行い、また別々に調査をした時も、夜、調査内容について意見交換・議論をすることで、災害の全体像を明らかにしていった。
自然科学チーム安藤 雅孝

環境学研究科地震火山・防災研究センターセンター長/教授

木股 文昭

環境学研究科地震火山・防災研究センター

助教授

Glenda M. Besana

環境学研究科地震火山・防災研究センター

研究員

Didik

Syiah Kuala 大学

講師

社会科学チーム
田中 重好

環境学研究科

社会環境学専攻

教授

木村 玲欧

災害対策室

Suhirman

ITB(バンドン工科大学)

Fajri Jakfar

Syiah Kuala 大学

教授

豊橋技術科学大学

博士後期課程（Syiah Kuala 大学

助手
講師

コーディネーター
Farid Mulana

講師）

■調査日程
Feb.5

Nagoya 09:00 JAL054 10:05 Narita;
Narita 11:45 JAL723 18:30 Kuala Lumpuru (stay: Kuala Lumpuru)

Feb.6

Kuala Lumpuru 09:30 GA913 09:25 Medan;
Medan 12:20 GA192 13:20 Banda Aceh

Feb.7

夜

Syiah Kuala University (UNSYIA) の研究者との研究打ち合わせ

午前

日本大使館アチェ出張所への挨拶と警察への居住許可申請

午後

UNSYIAH 副学長らと今回の研究目的、今後の研究協力に関する打ち合わ
せ

Feb.8

終日

アチェ市内での津波被害調査

Feb.9

終日

アチェ市内での津波被害調査と聞き取り調査

Feb.10午前

UNSYIA での GPS 観測点設置と GPS 観測

午後

アチェ周辺で聞き取り調査

午前

UNSYIA での学生への講義、聞き取り調査

午後

西海岸での津波被害調査と聞き取り調査

午前

市街地での津波被害調査と記録の整理

午後

Banda Aceh 14:00 GA193 14:55 Medan;

Feb.11
Feb.12

Medan 15:35 GA195 17:10 Jakarta;
Jakarta 23:40 JAL714 08:15（Feb.13）Kansai╙㧝┨ ⺞ᩏ࿅ߩ᭎ⷐ

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࡯ߢ↢‫ߊߒޘ‬ႎ๔ߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧟ᣣᓟ‫ޔ‬ᤤભߺࠍ೑↪ߒߚⅣႺቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ߩ✕ᕆႎ๔㓸ળߢ‫ޔ‬቟⮮ߐࠎߣ↰ਛߐࠎ߇㘑ൻߒߡ޿ߥ޿⺞ᩏࠍㅀߴߚ‫ޔߡߒߘޕ‬ㅳᧃ‫↰ޔ‬ਛߐࠎ߇ⅣႺቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ߩᐢႎ⹹ߦ㍕߮ߡ޿ߥ޿ශ⽎ࠍ✄ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᤐቄߩቇળ⻠Ṷળߦ߽㧟ઙ߶ߤ߇↳ㄟ߹ࠇߚ‫ޕ‬Ꮻ࿖߆ࠄࠊߕ߆㧝ㅳ㑆߽⚻ߚߥ޿߁ߜߦ‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏ࿅ߩࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߪ⺞ᩏߩᚑᨐࠍ⋥ߜߦႎ๔ߒࠃ߁
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ߞߚ‫⺞ޔߕࠄࠊ߆߆߽ߦޕ‬ᩏߦෳടߒߚ⎇ⓥ⠪ߩᵴ⊒ߥേ߈ߦ‫੹ޔ‬࿁‫ޔ‬ⅣႺቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ߣߒ
ߡ⺞ᩏࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࠍ⚿ᚑߒߡࠃ߆ߞߚߣ∩ᗵߒߚ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬േ߈ࠍ⷗⿧ߐࠇߚ⎇ⓥ⑼㐳ߥߤߩ㍈޿ᵢኤജߣ‫⺞߽ࠅࠃߦߥޔ‬ᩏࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩ‫ޟ‬વ߃ߥߊߡߪ‫ⷓ߁޿ߣޠ‬᳇ߦᢘ᦯ߒߡ޿
ࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ߦ߼ߓߪع‬⑳ߪ 15 ᐕ೨‫ޔ‬GPS ᷹ⷰߦࠃࠆࠬࡑ࠻࡜ߦ߅ߌࠆࡊ࡟࡯࠻ㆇേࠍᬌ಴ߔࠆࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕߣ
ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߩ࿖㓙౒ห⎇ⓥߦෳടߒߚ‫ⷰߩߎޕ‬᷹ߢߪ‫ࡦ࠳ࡄࠄ߆ࡦ࠳ࡔߩ࡜࠻ࡑࠬޔ‬߹ߢ‫ޔ‬ἳᾲ࿾ₐߦᖠ߹ߐࠇ‫ߦ)⯥࡜࠻ࡑࠬ(ࠝࡑ࡝ࡂޔ‬ᕎ߃ߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬4 ㅳ㑆ߦࠊߚࠅࠬࡑ࠻࡜
ߩㇱ⪭ࠍォ‫⚻ߩߎޕߚߒߣޘ‬㛎߇ᄾᯏߣߥࠅ‫ߩ⑳߇ࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬࿾㔡߿Ἣጊߩ⎇ⓥࡈࠖ
࡯࡞࠼ߩ߭ߣߟߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬࿾Ზᄌേߩ᷹ⷰߥߤߪ➅ࠅ㄰ߒ᷹ⷰ߇ᔅⷐߥಽ㊁ߢ޽ࠅ‫ᦨޔ‬ㄭߪᐕᢙ࿁ߩ㗫ᐲߢ⸰ࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫ࡦ࠼ࡦࡃޔ‬Ꮏ⑼ᄢቇ(ITB: Institute of Technology Bandung)ߣ 2000 ᐕߦቇㇱ㑆දቯࠍ✦⚿ߒ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ࠍ฽߻ቇⴚ੤ᵹߦⓍᭂ⊛ߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ޿ߚ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷‫ޔ‬ITB ߆ࠄੑੱߩ⇐ቇ↢߇ᧄ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߢቇ߮‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ߆ࠄ߽ 2004 ᐕᐲߦ߽ 2 ฬߩቇ↢߇ ITB ࠍ⸰ࠇ‫ޔ‬Ἣጊ᷹ⷰߦෳടߒߡ޿ࠆ(ᧁ⢆㧘2004)‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⢛᥊߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬12 ᦬ 26 ᣣߩࠬࡑ࠻࡜࿾㔡⊒↢⋥ᓟ‫ࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗߪߢ࡯࠲ࡦ࠮ᧄޔ‬⇐ቇ↢ M.Irwan ߐࠎࠍਛᔃߦ‫ޔ‬ITB ߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߣ⋥ߜߦ e-mail ߢㅪ⛊ࠍขࠅว޿‫ࠚ࠴ࠕޔ‬๟
ㄝߢߩ GPS ᷹ⷰߩ⃻⁁‫ߦࠄߐޔ‬๟ㄝၞߢታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ߚ GPS ᷹ⷰ߆ࠄ࿾Ზᄌേߩ⸃ᨆߦ
ขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ޿ߚ(Ohta et al.,2005)‫ޕ‬ߒ߆ߒ‫ޔ‬㒐ἴ⑼ቇߣߒߡ੹࿁ߩࠬࡑ࠻࡜࿾㔡ࠍᛠីߔࠆߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߩߺߥࠄߕ‫࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬ࡀࠪࠕߩ㒐ἴቇߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ޿ࠆ⎇ⓥ⠪ߩෳട߽ᔅⷐߣߥߞߚ‫ᧂߊోޔࠅߣߦ⑳ޕ‬⍮ߩಽ

1

705;+#* ߣߩ⼏⺰㧔౮⌀Ꮐߩฝ┵߇೽ቇ㐳&CTPK/&CWF ᳁㧕㊁ߢ޽ࠅ‫޿ߥ߽ࡦ࡚ࠪࠢࡀࠦߩࠎߥߊߚߞ߹ޔ‬ಽ㊁ߛߞߚ‫ࡀ࠼ࡦࠗߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ࠪࠕߩ㒐ἴ⎇ⓥ⠪ߩෳടࠍ ITB ߩ⍮ੱߦ࡝ࠢࠛࠬ࠻ߔࠇ߫‫⎇ߦߜߛߚޔ‬ⓥ⠪߇⚫੺ߐࠇࠆߥߤ‫ⷫߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬ኒߥቇⴚ੤ᵹߩᚑᨐߪᄢ߈߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬‫⚻ع‬ㆊ
2004 ᐕࠬࡑ࠻࡜࿾㔡ᓟ‫ޔ‬ⅣႺቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ߢߪ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥ⑼㐳ߥߤߩദജߢ‫ᧄޔ‬࿾㔡ߦ㑐ߔࠆ✕ᕆ⺞ᩏࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ߇⚵❱ߐࠇߚ‫⺞ߩߎޕ‬ᩏࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪ࿾⃿ⅣႺߣ␠ળⅣႺಽ㊁߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇ‫ޔ‬2 ᦬ 5-13 ᣣߦࠬࡑ࠻࡜ർㇱߩࠕ࠴ࠚᏒ๟ㄝߢߩ⡞߈ㄟߺߣ࿾Ზᄌേ⺞ᩏߥߤߩࡈࠖ࡯࡞࠼
ࡢ࡯ࠢߦขࠅ⚵ߺ‫੹ޔ‬࿁ߩⵍኂࠍ࿾⃿⑼ቇߣ␠ળ⑼ቇߩಽ㊁߆ࠄ⺞ᩏࠍㅴ߼ߚ‫ޕ‬ߎߩ⺞ᩏߦߪ‫ࠚ࠴ࠕޔ‬಴りߩ⼾ᯅᛛⴚ⑼ቇᄢቇߩ⇐ቇ↢߇ࠟࠗ࠼ᓎࠍോ߼‫߇࡞࠹ࡎޔ‬უṌ⁁ᴫߩਅߢ‫ޔ‬ᓐߩታኅ߇⑳㆐ߩࡌ࡯ࠬࠠࡖࡦࡊߣߥߞߚ‫ޔߡߒߘޕ‬࿾రߩࠪࠕࠢ࡜ᄢቇ(UNSYIAH: Syiah Kuala University)߿ ITB ߆ࠄ߽⎇ⓥ⠪߇ෳടߒ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙⊛ߥ⺞ᩏࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߣߥߞߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬UNSYIAH ߩ೽ቇ㐳ߥߤߣળวࠍ߽ߜ‫ޔ‬㒐ἴࠍਛᔃߣߔࠆ࿖㓙౒ห⎇ⓥ߳ߩዷᦸࠍ⼏⺰ߒߚ‫ޕ‬‫␠ع‬ળ⑼ቇߩಽ㊁߽฽߼ߚቇⴚ⺞ᩏ ⑳⥄り‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥಽ㊁ߩ㑐ㅪ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ർࠨࡂ࡝ࡦߢࡀࡈ࠴ࠚࠧ࡞ࠬࠢߣ޿߁৻ㇱ⪭߇უṌߒߚ
1995 ᐕ 5 ᦬ 28 ᣣർࠨࡂ࡝ࡦ࿾㔡(Ms7.5)ߢ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌⓭⊒ἴኂ⺞ᩏߦෳടߒߡ޿ࠆ(═ේ⒤㨮
2000)‫⎇ߩߎޕ‬ⓥߢߪ‫⥄ޔ‬ὼἴኂ⎇ⓥߣ޿߁ᨒ⚵ߺ߆ࠄ‫౒ޔ‬ห⎇ⓥ߽࿾㔡ቇߣ࿾⾰ቇ‫ޔ‬࿾㔡
Ꮏቇߩಽ㊁ߦ㒢ቯߐࠇߚ‫ ߪߜߚ⑳ޕ‬50km ߦ㆐ߔࠆᢿጀߩᄌ૏ࠍᢿጀ〝㗡ߣ GPS ᷹ⷰ߆ࠄᬌ಴ߒ‫ޔ‬࿾㔡Ꮏቇߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߪ‫࠻࡯ࡄࠕޔ‬፣უߩਥߚࠆේ࿃ߩ⸃᣿ߦ޽ߚߞߚ‫ޕ‬੹࿁ߩࠬࡑ࠻࡜࿾㔡ߢ߽‫ޔ‬ᵤᵄ⺞ᩏߥߤߩ⎇ⓥ߇⑼⎇⾌ߩ⓭⊒ἴኂಽ㊁ߢડ↹ߐࠇࠆߥߤ‫⑳ޔ‬㆐ߩ⺞ᩏ೨ߦᵤᵄߥߤߩ⎇ⓥ⠪߇‫⃻ߦߢߔޔ‬࿾౉ࠅߒߡ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬৻ᣇ‫ޔ‬ⅣႺቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ߢߪ࿾㔡ἴኂࠍ⥄ὼ⑼ቇߩߺߥࠄߕ␠ળ⑼ቇಽ㊁߆ࠄ߽ℂ⸃ߔࠆߎ
ߣ߇㊀ⷐߣ⠨߃‫৻ߩߘޔ‬Ⅳߣߒߡ⻠Ṷળ‫ޟ‬ਃᴡ࿾㔡߆ࠄ 60 ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ‫࡜࠻ࡑࠬޔࠍޠ‬࿾㔡

2⋥ᓟߦ㐿௅ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ਃᴡ࿾㔡ߩᒰᣣߩડ↹ߣߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ᐔᣣߩඦᓟ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇౝߣ޿߁᧦ઙߥ߇
ࠄ߽‫ⵍޔ‬ἴ૕㛎⠪ࠍਛᔃߦᄙߊߩᣇ߇ෳടߒ‫ࡆ࡟࠹ޔ‬ਛ⛮ߢ╙ 2 ળ႐ࠍᕆㆰ⸳ߌࠆ߶ߤߩ
෻㗀ࠍᓧߡ޿ࠆ㧔http://www.seis.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~kimata/mikawa60.html㧕‫ޕ‬࿾㔡⎇ⓥ⠪ߦࠃࠆਃᴡ࿾㔡ߩ⸃᣿ߣ‫ⵍޔ‬ἴ૕㛎⠪ߣߘߩ⸥㍳ࠍ⛗↹ߣߒߡ଻ሽㆇേߦขࠅ⚵߻↹ኅ㆐ߩኻ⺣‫ߦߐ߹ޔ‬ᢥℂⲢวߩ⻠Ṷળ߇ᚑഞߒߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ␠ળ⑼ቇ߽฽߼ߚ✚ว⊛ߥ⺞ᩏࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆ਄ߢᦨᄢߩ⺖㗴ߪ‫⺆ࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬ߩℂ⸃ߣ‫ࠆߌ߅ߦࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬หಽ㊁ߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߣ౒ห⎇ⓥ߇ታᣉߢ߈ࠆ߆ߢ޽ࠆ‫⥄ޕ‬ὼ⑼ቇಽ㊁ߢߪ‫ޔ‬࿖߿⸒⪲߇⇣ߥߞߡ߽౒ㅢߒߚኾ㐷↪⺆߽޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬Ყセ⊛◲නߦ⼏⺰߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ἴኂࠍ␠ળ⑼ቇߣߒߡ⹺⼂ߔࠆߦߪ‫␠ߩࠅߥࠇߘޔ‬ળ⊛⢛᥊ߩℂ⸃߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔ߽߆ߒޕ‬૑᳃߆ࠄߩ⡞߈ขࠅ⺞ᩏࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼ߦߪ‫ޔ‬૑᳃ߩ⺆ࠅࠍᱜ⏕ߦℂ⸃ߔ
ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫⑳ޕ‬㆐ߩࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕߣߩቇⴚ⎇ⓥ੤ᵹߪ‫⥄ߦ߽߅ޔ‬ὼ⑼ቇಽ㊁ߒ߆ታ❣߇ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬‫ع‬࿖㓙౒ห⎇ⓥߣߒߡߩἴኂ⎇ⓥ⑳㆐ߩ࿾㔡Ἣጊ࡮㒐ἴ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯߇ਛᔃߣߥࠅ‫ࠆߌ߅ߦࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬࿾㔡Ἣጊᵴേߩ࿖㓙౒ห⎇ⓥࠍ⊒ዷߐߖࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ⅣႺቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ߢߪ ITB ߣቇㇱ㑆දቯࠍ⚿ࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᦨㄭᢙᐕ㑆‫⇐ߩࠄ߆ࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬ቇ↢ࠍฃ౉ࠆߛߌߢߥߊ‫ޔ‬ᐕ㑆 10 ੱㄭ޿⎇ⓥ⠪ߣቇ↢߇ቇⴚ੤ᵹߦෳടߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬2004 ᐕᐲߪࠬࡑ࠻࡜࿾㔡⊒↢એ೨ߦ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ߆ࠄቇ↢ߣ⎇ⓥ⠪ߩߩߴ 4 ฬ߇ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕߢߩἫጊ᷹ⷰߦෳടߒ‫⎇߽ࠄ߆ࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬ⓥ⠪ߣቇ↢ߩ 3 ฬ߇ฬฎደᄢቇߦߘࠇߙࠇ৻ࡩ᦬㑆એ਄ṛ࿷ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᧄ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߦࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ⇐ቇ↢߇࿷☋ߔࠆߎߣߪ‫੹ޔ‬࿁ߩࠃ߁ߥ⓭⊒ἴኂߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᄢ߈ߥᒝߺߢ޽ࠆ‫⇐ߩࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޕ‬ቇ↢ߪᄢቇ߿ኾ᡹ࠍ⿥߃ߚㅪ⛊ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࠻
ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬࿾㔡⋥ᓟ߆ࠄᓐࠄߪㅳᧃࠍਛᔃߦ⟵᝙㊄ࠞࡦࡄࠍ⚵❱ߒߡ޿ߚ㧔⟵᝙㊄ߪ 300 ਁ౞ߣߥࠅ‫ⵍޔ‬ἴ࿾ࡑ࡜ࡏߩ∛㒮ᑪ⸳ߦ⽸₂ߒߚ㧕‫ߪ⑳ޕ‬りㄭߥࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪ
ࠕ⇐ቇ↢ߦࠟࠗ࠼ࠍ㗬߼߫ࠃ޿ߣ቟ᤃߥ⠨߃ߛߞߚ‫ߪࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᄙ᳃ᣖ࿖ኅ‫ޔ‬ߥ߅߆ߟ‫ޔ‬ἴኂ࿾ߣߥߞߚࠕ࠴ࠚ๟ㄝߪ⁛┙ㆇേ߽⋓ࠎߢ‫ߥ․⁛ޔ‬ᢥൻ࿤ߢ޽ࠆ‫࠲ࡦ࠮ޕ‬࡯ߩ⇐ቇ↢ߪࠫࡖࡢ಴りߢ޽ࠆ‫ࡢࡖࠫޕ‬಴りߩ⇐ቇ↢ߢߪ␠ળ⊛⢛᥊߇ℂ⸃ߢ߈ߥ޿ߎߣ
߽‫߇⺆ࠚ࠴ࠕޔ‬ℂ⸃ߢ߈ߥߊ‫ޔ‬⡞߈ㄟߺ⺞ᩏ߽ᱜ⏕ߐ߇ᰳߌࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬ߒ߆ߒ‫⇐ࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬ቇ↢ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࠻ߪᄢ߈ߥജࠍᜬߟ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ᔃ㈩߽็ߞ
㘧ࠎߛ‫◲ޕ‬නߦࠕ࠴ࠚ಴りߩ⇐ቇ↢߇⚫੺ߐࠇߚ‫⇐ߩࠄ߆ࠚ࠴ࠕޕ‬ቇ↢ߪ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ
࿷☋ߒߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬UNSYIAH ߣᄢቇ㑆දቯࠍᜬߟ⼾ᯅᛛⴚ⑼ቇᄢቇߦᢙฬ࿷☋ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ඳ჻⺖⒟ᓟᦼ 3 ᐕߩ Farid MULANA ߐࠎࠍ㗬߻ߎߣߦߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᓐߪ‫ޔ‬࿖⾌⇐ቇ↢ߩᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒ߢฬฎደᄢቇߦṛ࿷ߒ‫⇐࡯࠲ࡦ࠮ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩ Irwan ߐࠎࠍ⸰ߨߡ‫ߩ⑳ޔ‬ᳪ޿⎇ⓥቶߦ߽ㆆ߮ߦ᧪ߡ޿ߚ‫⼾ޔߊߘߞߐޕ‬ᯅᛛ⑼ᄢߩᜰዉᢎቭ̌⷏ችବᐘ̍᳁ߦᛚ⻌ࠍ਼޿‫ޔ‬ᓐߦ⃻࿾ࠟࠗ࠼ࠍ߅㗿޿ߒߚ‫ޕ‬3౮⌀Ꮐ㧦)NGPFC ᳁㧔Ꮐ㧕࡮(CTKF ᳁㧔ฝ㧕౮⌀ฝ㧦5WJKTOCP ᳁㧔Ꮐ߆ࠄ㧞⇟⋡㧕࡮(CLTK ᳁㧔Ꮐ߆ࠄ㧠⇟⋡㧕ᓐߪ‫⑳ޔ‬㆐ߩ⺞ᩏߩᤨ㑆ࠍ❔ߞߡ‫ࠚ࠴ࠕޔ‬Ꮢߦ⑳㆐ࠍࠟࠗ࠼ߒ‫ߩࠚ࠴ࠕޔ‬ᢥൻ⊛⢛᥊߿ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ߇ࠝ࡜ࡦ࠳߿ᣣᧄߦභ㗔ߐࠇߥ߇ࠄ߽‫৻ߪߢࠚ࠴ࠕޔ‬ᐲ߽භ㗔ߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚᱧ
ผࠍ᷆‫ߣޘ‬ㅀߴߚ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄߥߤߢߪߣߡ߽⢒ߚߥ޿⥄⽶ߢ޽ࠆ‫┙⁛ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬ㆇേࠍᜰើߒ
ߚࠬࠞ࡞ࡁೋઍᄢ⛔㗔ߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ᄢ⛔㗔ኾ↪ᯏࠍࠕ࠴ࠚ߇ឭଏߒߡ޿ߚ‫ࠚ࠴ࠕޔߒ߽ޕ‬಴りߩ Farid ߐࠎ߇⑳㆐ߩ⺞ᩏߦ⃻࿾ࠟࠗ࠼ߣߒߡෳടߒߥߌࠇ߫‫⑳ޔ‬㆐ߩ੹࿁ߩᵤᵄⵍኂߦ㑐ߔࠆ⹺⼂ߪ‫⏕ޔ‬ታߦᄖ⷗ߛߌߩ⴫㕙⊛ߥℂ⸃ߦ⚳ᆎߒߚߣ∩ᗵߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ߘߒߡ‫ޔ‬ITB ߆ࠄ Suhirman ߐࠎߩෳടߦࠃࠅ‫੹ޔ‬࿁ߩ⺞ᩏߪ࿖㓙ᕈ߇㜞߹ߞߚ‫⑳ޕ‬㆐ߩࡃࡦ࠼ࡦᎿ⑼ᄢቇߣߩ੤ᵹߪᐕ㑆 10 ฬߦ߽㆐ߒߟߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬ಽ㊁ߪℂ♽ߦ㒢ࠄࠇߚ‫ᧂޕ‬⍮
ߩ␠ળ⑼ቇಽ㊁ߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ࠍ⚫੺ߒߚߩߪ Yoniel Kahar ߐࠎߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓐߪ 2004 ᐕ 4 ᦬߹ߢࠊߕ߆ਃࡩ᦬㑆ߥ߇ࠄ߽ⅣႺቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ቴຬᢎ᝼ࠍോ߼ߚ(Joenil, 2004)‫ޕ‬ITB ߢ೽ቇ㐳‫ࠗޔ‬ࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ࿾࿑᷹㊂ዪߩዪ㐳ࠍോ߼ߚᓐߪ㗻߇ᐢ޿‫ޔ߽߆ߒޕ‬ITB ߪ࿖┙߆ࠄᴺੱൻߔࠆߥ߆ߢ‫ޔ‬ᒙὐߛߞߚ␠ળᎿቇಽ㊁ߩ᜛లߦദജߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬
Suhirman ߐࠎߪࡔ࠳ࡦⓨ᷼߆ࠄ⑳㆐ߦวᵹߒߚ‫ޕ‬วᵹߩᄛߦ‫ޔ‬ᓐߪኾ㐷ߢ޽ࠆ᡽ᴦੱ㘃ቇߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ‫ߩࠚ࠴ࠕޔ‬㔡ἴ߆ࠄߩᓳ⥝ㆊ⒟ߦ߅ߌࠆࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ᡽ᐭߣ⁛┙ᵷߩᜰዉജ
੎޿‫ߩߘޔ‬ቬᢎ⊛⢛᥊ࠍ◲නߥ߇ࠄ߽⑳㆐ߦ⺑᣿ߒߚ‫ࠚ࠴ࠕޕ‬๟ㄝߩੱ‫ߩޘ‬⢛᥊ࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬ㆱ㔍᳃ࠠࡖࡦࡊߢੱ‫ࠄ߆ޘ‬ᵤᵄἴኂߩ⁁ᴫࠍ⡞߈ㄟ߻ߣ߈ߦ‫ޔ‬㕖Ᏹߦലᨐ⊛ߛߞߚߣ⠨߃ࠆ‫ߩޘੱޕ‬ᔃႺࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߦߪ‫␠ߩߘޔ‬ળ⊛⢛᥊ߩℂ⸃߇ᰳ߆ߖߥ޿‫ࠊࠅߣޕ‬ߌ‫ޔ‬࿖ᄖߢߩἴኂ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫⃻ޔ‬࿾ߩ⎇ⓥ⠪‫⃻ޔ‬࿾߆ࠄߩ⇐ቇ↢ߣ࠲ࠗࠕ࠶ࡊߒߚ౒ห⎇ⓥ߇ߣࠅࠊߌ㊀ⷐߣ∩ᗵߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᓐߪ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥᚻᲑߣߒߡ૑᳃⺞ᩏࠍ⚻㛎ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫↰ޔ‬ਛߐࠎ߿ᧁ᧛ߐࠎߣ⡞߈ㄟߺߩࡈ࡟
࡯ࡓࡢ࡯ࠢࠍ⼏⺰ߒ‫੹ޔ‬࿁ߩ⺞ᩏߩⷰὐߥߤࠍㅦ߿߆ߦℂ⸃ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ㆱ㔍ᚲߢߪᓐ߇₸వߒߡ‫ޔ‬⡞߈ㄟߺᓎࠍᨐߚߒߚ‫ޔߡߒߘޕ‬ᄕ㘩ᓟ‫ޔ‬ዬ㑆ߢゞᐳߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ⑳㆐⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⠪ߦ߽‫ޔ‬ᓐߪߘߩᣣߩ⡞߈ㄟߺࠍᄛㆃߊ߹ߢ⺆ߞߡߊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬‫ߩߎޟ‬㒐ἴੱ㘃ቇߣ޿߁ቇ໧ಽ㊁߇ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕߢߪ߶ߣࠎߤዷ㐿ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ߣޠ‬4

Suhirman ߐࠎߪ޿߁‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄߣห᭽ߦࡊ࡟࡯࠻ᴉߺㄟߺᏪߦ૏⟎ߒ‫ޔ‬100 ࠍ⿥߃ࠆᵴ⊒ߥἫጊࠍ᦭ߔࠆࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕߪ‫ޔ‬Ფᐕ‫ޔ‬࿾㔡ߣᵤᵄ‫ޔ‬ἫጊྃἫߩⵍኂࠍⵍߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬2004 ᐕ߽⑳߇ࡈࠖ࡯࡞࠼ߦߒߡ޿ࠆർࠬ࡜ࡌࠪߩࠨࡦࠡࡋ⻉ፉߩ Awu ἫጊߢߪྃἫߢ 3 ਁੱ߽ߩੱ‫ ߇ޘ‬1 ㅳ㑆߶ߤㆱ㔍ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟ‫␠߽ߢࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬ળቇಽ㊁߆ࠄߩ㒐ἴ⑼ቇ߳ߩ
ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴߇ᔅߕዷ㐿ߐࠇࠆߛࠈ߁‫੹ޕ‬࿁ߩⅣႺቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ߩ⺞ᩏᵴേ߇ߘߩ৻ߟߩᄾᯏߦ
ߥࠆߎߣࠍᦼᓙߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬2 ᦬ᧃߦࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕࠍ⸰ࠇߚᤨ‫ޔ‬ITB ߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߣࠬࡑ࠻࡜࿾㔡ߩࡢ࡯࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊࠍᜬߞߚ‫ޔᤨߩߘޕ‬Suhirman ߐࠎߪ‫੹ޔ‬࿁ߩ⺞ᩏႎ๔ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬໑৻ߩ
␠ળ⑼ቇಽ㊁߆ࠄߩႎ๔ߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩࠦࡔࡦ࠻ࠍฃߌߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ᓐߩ⺞ᩏ߳ߩෳട߇߽ߚ
ࠄߒߚ৻ߟߩᚑᨐࠍ∩ᗵߒߚ‫ޕ‬੹࿁ߩ⺞ᩏߦ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ࿷☋ߔࠆࡈࠖ࡝ࡇࡦߩ⎇ⓥຬ M.Glenda ߐࠎ߇หⴕߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᓐᅚߪࡈࠖ࡝ࡇࡦߩἫጊ᷹ⷰᚲߦ࿷☋ߒ‫ᦨޔ‬ㄭ߽࡞࠰ࡦፉࠍⷅߞߚᵤᵄ࿾㔡ߦ㑐ߒߡ‫⃻ޔ‬࿾⺞ᩏࠍ฽߼ߡ⎇ⓥߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓐᅚߪࡔ࠳ࡦߢߩࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ౉࿖߆ࠄ‫ޟ‬Უ࿖ࡈࠖ࡝ࡇࡦ
ߣหߓ㘑ࠍᗵߓߚ‫ߣޠ‬ㅀߴ‫ޔ‬Ⓧᭂ⊛ߦ⺞ᩏߦ㘧߮࿁ߞߚ‫ޕ‬࿖㓙౒ห⎇ⓥ߇‫⎇ࠆࠁࠊ޿ޔ‬ⓥ
వㅴ࿖ߣ⃻࿾ߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߛߌߢߥߊ‫ޔ‬๟ࠅߩ࿖‫⎇ߩޘ‬ⓥ⠪߽ෳടߢ߈ࠆ૕೙ߦߔߴ߈ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ߘߩദജ߇᧲ධࠕࠫࠕߩ࿖‫߽ࠄ߇ߥ߆ߕࠊ߽ߢޘ‬ᆎ߹ࠈ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ع‬Syiah Kuala University
Farid ߐࠎߩᄢᅗ㑵ߢ‫⃻ޔ‬࿾౉ࠅ߇ᣣᦐᣣߩඦᓟߥ߇ࠄ߽‫ߩߘޔ‬⠉ᣣߩඦᓟߦࠕ࠴ࠚᏒᦨ
ᄢߩᄢቇ‫ޔ‬UNSYIAH ߣ⎇ⓥᛂߜวࠊߖߣ੹ᓟߩ౒ห⎇ⓥߦ㑐ߔࠆળ⼏߇ታ⃻ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬2ਁੱߩቇ↢߇࿷☋ߔࠆ UNSYIA ߢߪ‫੹ޔ‬࿁ߩ࿾㔡ᵤᵄⵍኂߢ 1000 ੱߩቇ↢‫ޔ‬100 ฬߩᢎ⡯ຬ߇੢ߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ቇ↢߇ㆱ㔍᳃ࠠࡖࡦࡊߢࡏ࡜ࡦ࠹ࠖࠕᵴേߦᅗ㑵ߒߡ޿ߚࠅߒߡ‫ޔ‬᝼ᬺߪ߹ߛౣ㐿ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ‫⑳ޕ‬㆐߽੹ቇᦼߩ᝼ᬺᢱ఺㒰ࠍⷐ᳞ߔࠆቇ↢ߩ࠺ࡕⴕㅴ
ߦࠠࡖࡦࡄࠬౝߢㆣㆄߒߚ‫ޕ‬UNSYIAH ߦߟ޿ߡ‫⑳ޔ‬㆐ߪ੹࿁ߩ࿾㔡߹ߢሽ࿷ߔࠄ⍮ߞߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬UNSYIAH ಴りߩ⇐ቇ↢ Farid ߐࠎࠍㅢߒߡ‫⥄ޔ‬ὼ⑼ቇ߽␠ળ⑼ቇߩਔಽ㊁ߢ UNSYIAHߩ⎇ⓥ⠪߽฽߼ߚ౒ห⎇ⓥߩၮ␆߇ᒻᚑߐࠇߚߣ⠨߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬␠ળੱ㘃ቇࠍኾ᡹ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ⠪ߪ UNSYIAH ߦ⷗ߟ߆ࠄߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ㄘᬺ⚻ᷣቇࠍኾ᡹ߔࠆ Fajri ߐࠎ߇ෳടߒ‫ޔ‬ᓐߪ⑳㆐ߩᏫ࿖ᓟ߽ㆱ㔍ᚲߢߩ⡞߈ㄟߺ⺞ᩏࠍ⛮⛯ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿾㔡ቇಽ㊁ߩ⎇ⓥ⠪߽޿ߥ߆ߞߚ߇‫ࡦ࠼ࡦࡃޔ‬Ꮏ⑼ᄢቇߢ࿾⃿‛ℂቇࠍኾ᡹ߒߚ Didik ߐࠎ߇⑳㆐ߦวᵹߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᓐߪầ૏᷹ⷰ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ⚂᧤ㅢࠅ‫⑳ޔ‬㆐ߩᏫ࿖ᣧ‫ߢ࡞࡯ࡔߦޘ‬ㅍߞߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬2 ᦬ᧃߦታᣉߒߚ GPS ᷹ⷰߢߪ Didik ߐࠎߣᓐߩቇ↢ 3 ฬ߇ෳടߒ‫ޔ‬3 ฬߩቇ↢ߪㅪ⛯᷹ⷰࠍ੹߽ᜂᒰߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬‫੹ع‬࿁ߩ⺞ᩏ߇ᣂߒ޿ἴኂ⎇ⓥߣ࿖㓙౒ห⎇ⓥߩࠬ࠲࡯࠻ߦ ੹࿁ߩᵤᵄⵍኂ⺞ᩏ࿾ࠕ࠴ࠚߪ‫ߩࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬ਛߢ߽‫┙⁛ޔ‬ㆇേߩ⋓ࠎߥ࿾ၞߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕࠍ㗫❥ߦ⸰ࠇߡ޿ߚ⑳߽‫⸰ࠚ࠴ࠕޔ‬໧ߩᯏળߪߥ޿ߣ⏕ାߒߡ޿ߚ‫ߥࠎߘޕ‬5ߣߎࠈ߳‫⑳ޔ‬એᄖߩෳട⠪߇ೋߩࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ⸰໧ߣ޿߁࠴࡯ࡓ✬ᚑߢ‫࡞࠹ࡎޔ‬უṌߢ᳃
ኅߦኋᴱߣ޿߁⺞ᩏ߇ડ↹ߐࠇߚ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ታ㓙ߩ⺞ᩏߦขࠅ⚵߻ਛߢ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬ෂᗋ߽㘧߮ᢔߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ߆ࠄߩෳട⠪߽฽߼‫ޔ‬Ꮒᄢߥἴኂࠍᱜ⏕ߦℂ⸃ߒߚ޿ߣ޿߁⎇ⓥ⠪ߩᾲᗧߣ࠴࡯ࡓࡢ࡯ࠢ߇‫ޔ‬ෂᗋࠍ็߈㘧߫ߒߚ‫ޕ‬൩⺰‫⑳ޔ‬㆐߇ขࠅ⚵߻⎇ⓥ⺖㗴ߪ‫ ߆ߕࠊޔ‬1-2ㅳ㑆ߩ⺞ᩏߢ⚳ੌߔࠆౝኈߢߥ޿‫੹ޕ‬ᓟ‫ߥࠈ޿ࠈ޿ޔ‬ᯏળߦၮ㊄ࠍᓧߡ‫ߩࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬ߺߥࠄߕ᧲ࠕࠫࠕߩ⎇ⓥ⠪߽฽߼ߚ࿖㓙౒ห⎇ⓥߦㅴዷߐߖߚ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠆ‫⺞ߩߎޔ߽⑳ޕ‬
ᩏߩᓟ 2 ᦬ᧃߦ‫⎇ߩࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬ⓥ⠪߽฽߼ߚ᷹ⷰ࠴࡯ࡓߩ৻ຬߣߒߡౣ߮ࠕ࠴ࠚࠍ⸰
ࠇ‫ޔ‬GPS ᷹ⷰ߆ࠄ੹࿁ߩ࿾㔡ᤨߦ߅ߌࠆ࿾Ზᄌേࠍᬌ಴ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬⺞ᩏ࠴࡯ࡓᵷ㆜ߦ㑐ߒ‫ޔ‬ദജ㗂޿ߚ㤥↰⎇ⓥ⑼㐳‫ޔ‬቟⮮࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㐳ߥߤߦᷓߊᗵ⻢ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ෳ⠨ᢥ₂
Joenil,2004, Environmental management and disaster mitigation research in Japan, ⅣႺቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ᐢႎ
⹹ KWAN, 7, 12-18.
═ේ⒤, 1996, ᐔᚑ 7 ᐕࠨࡂ࡝ࡦർㇱ࿾㔡ߣߘߩⵍኂߩ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ㧘⑼⎇⾌ႎ๔ᦠ.
ᧁ⢆ᢥᤘ,2004, ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕߩἫጊࠍࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕߣᣣᧄߩቇ↢ߢࡂࠪࠧߔࠆ㧘ⅣႺቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ᐢ
ႎ⹹ KWAN, 7, 7-11.
Ohta et al., 2005, Seismic wave detected by GPS measurements at 2004 Sumatra Off Earthquake, JGR.
submitting.

੹࿁ߩ⺞ᩏࠍᣂߒ޿ἴኂ⎇ⓥߣ࿖㓙౒ห⎇ⓥߩࠬ࠲࡯࠻ߦߒߚ޿
㧔Ꮐ߆ࠄ㧔ᢘ⒓⇛㧕Suhirman‫ޔ‬቟⮮‫ᧁޔ‬⢆‫↰ޔ‬ਛ‫ޔ‬Glenda‫ޔ᧛ᧁޔ‬Fajri㧕

6㧞㧚ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫߦࠃࠆᖱႎ౒᦭ ࠬࡑ࠻࡜ፉ߳಴⊒ߔࠆߦ޽ߚࠅ‫࡜࠻ࡑࠬޔ‬ፉ߿ⵍἴ࿾ߢ޽ࠆࠕ࠴ࠚᏒౝ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߥ⁁ᴫߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ࠍᛠីߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ࠕ࠴ࠚᎺߪ⁛┙ㆇേ߇⋓ࠎߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᄖോ⋭߆ࠄߪ‫ޟ‬ᷰ⥶ߩᑧᦼࠍ߅ߔߔ߼ߒ߹ߔ‫ޠ‬㧔޿ߟߢ߽ㅌㆱߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁Ḱ஻ࠍ߅ߔߔ߼ߒ߹ߔ㧕ߣ޿߁ᷰ⥶ᖱႎ㧔ෂ㒾ᖱႎ㧕߇಴ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬߹ߚࠕ࠴ࠚᎺߪࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕߢ໑৻ߩࠗࠬ࡜ࡓᴺㆡ↪࿾ၞߢ޽ࠅ‫ࡓ࡜ࠬࠗޔ‬ᢎ࡮ࠗࠬ࡜ࡓ
ᢥൻ࿤ߦዻߔࠆ࿾ၞߢ޽ࠆ‫߼ߚߩߘޕ‬੐೨ߦⵍἴ࿾ߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎࠍ෼㓸ߒ‫‛ߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬⾗࡮ᖱႎ࡮ᔃ᭴߃߇ᔅⷐ߆ࠍ್ᢿߔࠆߚ߼ߩᖱႎ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᧁ⢆వ↢ࠍ㒰ߊᣣᧄੱߔߴߡ߇ೋ߼ߡߩࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕߢ޽ࠆ‫ߢ࠲࡯ࡀࠖ࠺࡯ࠦߢߎߘޕ‬޽ࠆᧁ⢆వ↢ߪࠕ࠴ࠚߩᖱႎࠍ෼㓸ߒ‫ࠫ࡯ࡍࡓ࡯ࡎޔ‬਄ߦᦝᣂߒ⛯ߌࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡࡔࡦ
ࡃ࡯ోຬ߇ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ߿ࠕ࠴ࠚߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎࠍ౒᦭ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ଢቱࠍ࿑ߞߡߊߛߐߞߚ‫ޕ‬એਅ߇ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫߩᦨ⚳ߩᛮ☴ߢ޽ࠆ‫⺞ޕ‬ᩏ࿅߇ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ߆ࠄᏫ࿖ߒߚ 2 ᣣᓟߩ

2 ᦬ 15 ᣣߩ߽ߩߢ‫ࠄ߆ࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗߪߦߎߎޔ‬Ꮻ࿖ߒߚߣ߈ߩㅦႎ߽ឝタߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᐕࠬࡑ࠻࡜ᴒ࿾㔡ⅣႺቇ⎇ⓥ⑼⺞ᩏ࠴࡯ࡓ

੹࿁ߩ࿾㔡ߢᦨᄢߩⵍኂࠍⵍߞߚࠬࡑ࠻࡜ ࠕ࠴ࠚߦߡ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ߆ࠄ 6 ฬ‫ࡦ࠼ࡦࡃޔ‬Ꮏ⑼ᄢቇ߆ࠄ 1 ฬߩ⺞ᩏ࿅ߪ‫⃻ޔ‬
࿾ߩ Syiah Kuala ᄢቇߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߣ౒ߦࠕ࠴ࠚᏒౝߢ㕙⺣⺞ᩏߣᵤᵄ࡮࿾Ზᄌേߩ⺞ᩏࠍ‫ޔ‬6 ᣣඦᓟ߆ࠄ 12 ᣣඦ೨߹ߢ
ขࠅ⚵ࠎߛ‫ޕ‬ᶏጯ✢߆ࠄ 3km ߩߣߎࠈ߹ߢߦ૏⟎ߔࠆ߶ߣࠎߤߩᑪ‛߇⎕უߐࠇ‫ޔ‬Ꮢⴝ࿾߆ࠄᶏ߇⌑߼ࠄࠇࠆ㘑᥊ߦ߹ߕໍὼߣߒߚ‫↢ޕ‬ሽ⠪₸ 10㧑એਅߣ޿߁㓸⪭ߢߩ⡞߈ขࠅ⺞ᩏߪჽ⛘ߥౝኈߛߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᗐ௝ߟ߆ߥ޿ⷙᮨߩᵤᵄߩⷅ᠄‫ࡓ࡜ࠬࠗޔ‬਎⇇‫┙⁛ޔ‬ㆇേ‫ߥ߹ߑ߹ߐޔ‬ᕁ޿߇౉ࠅ੤ߓࠆਛ‫↢ߩޘੱߩࠚ࠴ࠕޔ‬ᵴ߇ౣ㐿ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ‫⺞ޕ‬ᩏ࿅ߪ‫ޔ‬7

14m ࠍ⿥߃ࠆᵤᵄߩⷅ᠄ߩߥ߆‫ޔ‬ᆄሶࠍ੢ߊߒ‫ޔ‬ኅᣖࠍᄬ޿ߥ߇ࠄ߽↢߈ߚੱ‫߽ߢੱ৻ࠍ⸒৻⸒৻ߩޘ‬ᄙߊߩੱ‫ߦޘ‬વ߃ߚ޿ⴣേߦ㚟ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ ޕ‬ႎ๔ળߦ㑐ߔࠆ໧޿วࠊߖߪ ᧁ⢆㧬࿾㔡Ἣጊ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ߹ߢ‫ޕ‬ߪߓ߼ߦ 㤥↰⎇ⓥ⑼㐳ࠄߩදജߢ‫ޔ‬ⅣႺቇ⎇ⓥ⑼߆ࠄ੹࿁ߩࠬࡑ࠻࡜ᴒ࿾㔡ߦ㑐ߔࠆ✕ᕆቇⴚ⺞ᩏ㓌ࠍᵷ㆜ߔࠆߎߣ߇ታ⃻ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᢥℂⲢวߩᣂߚߥቇⴚ⎇ⓥࠍ⋡ᜰߔⅣႺቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ߣߒ
ߡ‫࡜࠻ࡑࠬޔ‬ᴒ࿾㔡ⵍኂࠍ␠ળ⑼ቇߩಽ㊁ߣ⥄ὼ⑼ቇߩಽ㊁,޿ࠊࠁࠆቇ㓙⊛ⷰὐ߆ࠄᛠី
ߔࠆߎߣߪ㊀ⷐߣ⠨߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߔߢߦ᡽ᐭߥߤ߆ࠄߩ⺞ᩏᆔຬ߽ᵷ㆜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⺞ߩࠄࠇߎޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᩏᵴേߣߪ⇣ߥࠆⷰὐ߆ࠄࠬࡑ࠻࡜ᴒ࿾㔡ⵍኂࠍ⠨ኤߔࠆߎߣ߽ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬࿁ߩ⺞ᩏᵴേࠍㅢߒߡ‫ޔ‬੹߹ߢㅴ߼ߡ߈ߚࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕߣߩ࿖㓙౒ห⎇ⓥࠍផㅴߒߚ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ITB ߩߺߥࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ࠬࡑ࠻࡜ߩࠕ࠴ࠚߩ UNSYAH ᄢቇߣ࿾㔡ᓟߥ߇ࠄ߽ࠦࡦ࠲ࠢ࠻߇ขࠇ‫੹ޔ‬࿁ߩ⺞ᩏߦ߽
࿾⃿‛ℂቇߩ⧯ᚻ⎇ⓥ⠪ߩෳട߇ታ⃻ߒߚ‫ޕ‬࿾㔡߇Ꮒᄢߛߌߦ‫ⵍޔ‬ኂ⺞ᩏߪ⍴ᦼ㑆ߢ⚳ੌߔࠆ߽ߩߢߥߊ‫ࠄ߆ࠇߎޔ‬㐳ᦼߦࠊߚࠅ⛮⛯ߒߡ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥߔࠆߎߣ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ⷰߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ὐ߆ࠄ߽‫੹ޔ‬࿁ߩ⍴ᦼ㑆ߩ✕ᕆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥࠍ੹ᓟߩ࿖㓙౒ห⎇ⓥ߳ߣ⊒ዷߐߖߚ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᐘ޿ߦߒߡ‫ޔ‬ⅣႺቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ߢߪ᧲
ධࠕࠫࠕ߿᧲ࠕࠫࠕࠍࡈࠖ࡯࡞࠼ߣߔࠆ⎇ⓥ⠪߽ዋߥߊߥ޿‫ᧄޕ‬ᩰ⊛ߥ✚วቇⴚ⺞ᩏ߳ߩ⊒ዷߩᄾᯏߣߒߚ޿߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬੹࿁ߩ⺞ᩏߩ⋡⊛ߔߢߦ‫ޔ‬32m ߦ㆐ߔࠆᵤᵄߩᵄ㜞ߥߤ‫⺞ߩ⾌⎇⑼ޔ‬ᩏࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߥߤ߆ࠄႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬੹࿁ߩ⺞ᩏߪታ௛ 6 ᣣ㑆ߣ޿߁ᦼ㑆ߩਛߢએਅߩὐࠍ᣿⏕ߦߒߚ‫ޕ‬1)࿾㔡ߣᵤᵄⷅ᠄ᤨߦ߅ߌࠆ૑᳃ߩⴕേߦ㑐ߔࠆ⡞߈ㄟߺ ࠕ࠴ࠚߢߪ࿾㔡ⷅ᠄߆ࠄ 10㧙20 ಽ߶ߤߢᵤᵄߩⷅ᠄ࠍㄫ߃ߚ‫ ߩߎޕ‬10㧙20 ಽ㑆ߦ߅ߌࠆ↢ᱫࠍಽߌߚⴕേߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬น⢻ߥ㒢ࠅᄙߊߩ૑᳃߆ࠄ⡞߈ㄟߺ⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒߚ޿‫ߘޕ‬ߒߡ‫ޔ‬㒐ἴᔃℂቇ߿㓸⪭ߩ౒ห૕ߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄᬌ⸛ߒߡߺߚ޿‫ޕ‬2)ࠕ࠴ࠚ๟ㄝߦ߅ߌࠆ࿾Ზᄌേߩᬌ಴ IKNOS ࠬࡑ࠻࡜ർㇱߩࡄ࠳ࡦࠕ࠴ࠚߦ౉ࠅ‫ߚߞⷅޔ‬࿾㔡ᵄേ߿ᵤᵄߩታ௝ࠍ᣿⏕ߦߔࠆߣหᤨߦ‫ⵍࠆࠃߦࠇߘޔ‬ኂࠍ⺞ᩏߔࠆ‫ⵍޕ‬ኂߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ోޔ‬૕௝ߩᛠីࠃࠅ߽‫․ޔ‬ቯߩࡈࠖ࡯࡞࠼ࠍㆬቯߒ‫ޔ‬⡞߈ขࠅߥߤߩᚻᴺߦࠃࠅ‫ⵍߩߘޔ‬ኂ᭴ㅧࠍ᣿⏕ߦߔࠆ‫ⵍޕ‬ἴࠍ᣿⏕ߦߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬૑᳃߳ߩ⡞߈ㄟߺ⺞ᩏ߇㕖Ᏹߦ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠅ‫⃻ޔ‬࿾ߦ㐳ߌߚㅢ⸶ߣ᩺ౝࠟ
ࠗ࠼߇⛘ኻ⊛ߦᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
2005 ᐕ 2 ᦬ ⺞ᩏ࿅ࠍઍ⴫ߒߡ ቟⮮㓷ቁ8ࡔࡦࡃ࡯
቟⮮㓷ቁ

↰ਛ㊀ᅢ

ᧁ᧛⃍᰷

Glenda M

ᧁ⢆ᢥᤘ

Farid

Masataka

Shigeyoshi

Reo

BESANA

Fumiaki

MULANAANDOTANAKAKIMURAKIMATA࿾㔡Ἣጊ࡮㒐ἴⅣႺቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ⅣႺቇ⎇ⓥ⑼

࿾㔡Ἣጊ࡮㒐ἴ࿾㔡Ἣጊ࡮㒐ἴ⼾ᯅᛛⴚ⑼ቇᄢቇ

⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㐳

␠ળⅣႺቇኾ᡹

(ἴኂኻ╷ቶ)⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯

⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯

ᄢቇ㒮

ᢎ᝼

ᢎ᝼

ഥᚻ

⎇ⓥຬ

ഥᢎ᝼

ඳ჻⺖⒟

࿾㔡ቇ৻⥸

␠ળቇ

㒐ἴᔃℂቇ

࿾㔡ቇ৻⥸

࿾㔡ቇ࿾Ზᄌേ

Ꮏᬺൻቇධᶏ㆏࿾㔡ߢ

ᒄ೨ᄢቇߢᣣ

ᄢቇߢߪᔃℂࡈࠖ࡝ࡇࡦߩ

1989 ᐕ‫ޔ‬GPSᣣᧄߦ᧪ߡ ቇ૏ࠍขᓧߒ‫ޔ‬ᧄᶏਛㇱ࿾ቇࠍቇ߮‫ޔ‬ᄢἫጊ⺞ ᩏᚲ߆

᷹ⷰߢࠬࡑ࠻

ᐕ⋡ߦߥࠈ߁

ࡊ࡟࡯࠻ᴉߺ

㔡㧘ਃ㒽ߪࠆ

ቇ㒮ߢ㒐ἴቇ

ࠄ‫ޔ‬੩ ᄢߢቇ࡜ጊਛࠍ㧠ㅳ

ߣߔࠆ‫࠴ࠕޕ‬ㄟߺᏪߩ⎇ⓥ߆ᴒ࿾㔡ߩᵤࠍቇ߱‫ޕ‬వᣣ૏ࠍᓧ ߡ‫ޔ‬ฬ㑆ᓌᓲߔࠆ‫ߘޕ‬ࠚߢ↢߹ࠇࠕ

ߢߪ਎⇇⊛ߥ

ᵄⵍኂ⺞ᩏߦߩਃᴡ࿾㔡ฎደᄢ ቇߢ⎇ߩᓟ‫ޕ‬Ფᐕᢙ

࠴ࠚߩᄢቇࠍ

ᬺ❣ࠍᱷߔ‫ࠕޕ‬޽ߚࠆ‫߿᧛ޕ‬60 ᐕ ⻠ Ṷ ળⓥຬࠍ ߒߡ޿

࿁‫ࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬තᬺ‫ࠚ࠴ࠕޕ‬ࠫࠕߢߪบḧ‫ޔ‬↸ౝળߣ޿ߞ

ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ኻ⺣ᒻࠆ‫ࡦ࠰ ࡞ޕ‬ፉࠕࠍ⸰ࠇ‫ޔ‬Ἣጊߢߩ⃻࿾ࠟࠗ

ࡈࠖ࡝ࡇࡦߩ

ߚࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹

ᑼߢⵍἴ⠪ߩࠍⷅߞ ߚᵤᵄ߿ࡊ࡟࡯࠻ㆇ

࠼ߣࠕ࠴ࠚᄢ

Ꮒᄢ࿾㔡ߦข

ࠖ࡟ࡌ࡞߆ࠄ

⹤ࠍ⷗੐ߦࠢߢߪ⃻ ࿾⺞ᩏേߩ⎇ⓥߦข

ቇߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߣ

ࠅ⚵߻‫࠼ࡦࠗޕ‬ߩⵍኂ⺞ᩏߔ

ࡠ࡯࠭ࠕ࠶ࡊ߆ࠄ㔡 Ḯߩౣ

ࠅ⚵߻‫ޕ‬ߩᯅᷰߒࠍᨐ

ࡀࠪࠕߪೋߩ

ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬࿁߽᧛

ߒߚ‫ޕ‬

ᬌ⸛ࠍ ⹜ߺߡ

ߚߘ߁ߣ㗎ᒛ

⺞ᩏߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ੱ߆ࠄ⾆㊀ߥ

޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

ࠆ‫ޕ‬⸽⸒ࠍ㓸߼ߚ
޿‫ޕ‬

ᣣ⒟Feb.5 Nagoya 09:00  JAL054 10:05 Narita; Narita 11:45 JAL723 18:30 Kuala
Lumpuru (stay:Kuala Lumpuru)
Feb.6 Kuala Lumpuru 09:30 GA913 09:25 Medan; Medan 12:20 GA192 
BandaAcehᄛ Syiah Kuala University ߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߣߩ⎇ⓥᛂߜวࠊߖ

9

13:20

Feb.7 ඦ೨ ᣣᧄᄢ૶㙚ࠕ࠴ࠚ಴ᒛᚲ߳ߩ᜿ᜦߣ⼊ኤ߳ߩዬ૑⸵น↳⺧
ඦᓟ UNSYAH ೽ቇ㐳ࠄߣ੹࿁ߩ⎇ⓥ⋡⊛‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩ⎇ⓥදജߦ㑐ߔࠆᛂߜวࠊߖ
Feb.8 ࠕ࠴ࠚᏒౝߢߩᵤᵄⵍኂ⺞ᩏ
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Feb.10 ඦ೨ UNSYA ߢߩ GPS ᷹ⷰὐ⸳⟎ߣ GPS ᷹ⷰඦᓟ ࠕ࠴ࠚ๟ㄝߢ⡞߈ขࠅ⺞ᩏ
Feb.11 ඦ೨ UNSYA ߢߩቇ↢߳ߩ⻠⟵‫ޔ‬⡞߈ขࠅ⺞ᩏඦᓟ ⷏ᶏጯߢߩᵤᵄⵍኂ⺞ᩏߣ⡞߈ขࠅ⺞ᩏ
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Jalarta; Jakarta 23:40 JAL714

08:15㧔Feb.13㧕 Kansaiࠕ࠴ࠚᏒߩᖱႎ㧔೎㨁㧾㧸߳࡝ࡦࠢ㧕ࠕ࠴ࠚߩ࿾࿑㧔೎㨁㧾㧸߳࡝ࡦࠢ㧕ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕߩᣣᧄᄢ૶㙚ࡃࡦ࠳࡮ࠕ࠴ࠚ⥃ᤨ੐ോᚲ   ૑ᚲ㧦No.8 Jl. Kebun Raja, Lam Tineung, Kecamatan Shiah Kuala, Indonesia   㔚⹤㧦 (62-811) 15-3791 FAX 㧦 (62-815) 1026-7478
࿷ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕᣣᧄ࿖ᄢ૶㙚㧔࿷ࠫࡖࠞ࡞࠲ᣣᧄ࿖✚㗔੐㙚㧕   ૑ᚲ㧦Jl. M.H. Thamrin No.24, Jakarta 10350, Indonesia   㔚⹤㧦 (62-21) 3192-4308 FAX 㧦 (62-21) 3192-5460
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ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ᡽ᐭߪਥߦᰴߩ੐㗄ࠍቯ߼ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧔㧝㧕ᄖ࿖ߩេഥᯏ㑐ߪ‫⃻ޔ‬࿾ߢߩฃߌ౉ࠇవ㧔ࠬࡐࡦࠨ࡯㧕ࠍ᣿⏕ߦߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬㧔㧞㧕ᄖ࿖ߩេഥᯏ㑐ߪᵴേᦼ㑆ࠍ೙㒢ߒ‫ޔ‬ᵴേ႐ᚲࠍᜰቯߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬㧔㧟㧕ᄖ࿖ੱߪ‫ߦࠚ࠴ࠕ࡮࠳ࡦࡃޔ‬೔⌕ᓟ‫⃻ߦߜ⋥ޔ‬࿾ߩ࿖ኅ⼊ኤม઎ᧄㇱ㧔Posko Police㧕ߦ಴㗡ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬㧔㧠㧕⃻࿾ߩ࿖ኅ⼊ኤม઎ᧄㇱߪ‫ޔ‬಴㗡ߒߚᄖ࿖ੱߦᣏⴕ⸽㧔Surat Jalan㧕ࠍਈ߃ࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬ࠕ࠴ࠚᏒߩ⁁ᴫ ࡎ࠹࡞ߣ࡟ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡯
ࡎ࠹࡞ߪუṌ⊛ߢ೑↪ߢ߈ߥ޿⁁ᴫߦ޽ࠆߘ߁ߢߔ‫ߩߘޕ‬ઍࠊࠅ‫ޔ‬ᓐߩ෹ੱቛߥߤࠍ 410

ㇱደ 1 ᴱ$300 ߢ୫↪ߒ߹ߔ㧔᥉Ბߩ⾌↪ࠃࠅᢙ୚㜞޿߇‫ߒߥߚ߆ߒߢᤨ߇ᤨޔ‬㧕‫ޕ‬᥉ㅢߪ‫ޔ‬㘩੐߽฽߹ࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫࡯ࡒޔࠎࠈߜ߽ޕ‬㧔࡜࡯ࡔࡦ㧕߿࠽ࠪࠧ࡟ࡦ(࠴ࡖ࡯ࡂࡦ)ߥߤ⃻࿾㘩ߢߔ‫༵ޕ‬ᅢຠ߇޽ࠆੱߪᜬෳߊߛߐ޿‫⃻ޕߣߎߩߣࠆ޽ߪ☨ߣࡦࡔ࡯࡜ޕ‬࿾㘩ߩ߶߁߇ࠦ࡟࡜ߦߥࠆߎߣ߽ዋߥߊ߅ᅑ߼ߢߔ‫ޔ߅ߥޕ‬᳓㆏ߩᓳᣥ߇ㅴࠎߢ޿ߥߊߡ‫ߪ࡯ࡢࡖࠪޔ‬ਇ⥄↱ߩ߹߹ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᵞữ߽ਇචಽߣ⠨߃ߡਅߐ޿‫ޕ‬㘶ᢱ᳓ߪࡍ࠶࠻ࡏ࠻࡞㧔ࠕࠢࠕ㧕‫౉⾼ޔ‬ߢ߈ࠆߣߩߎߣ‫ࡦࡒ࠲ࡆޕ‬೷ߪᜬෳߒߚᣇ߇ࠃ޿‫੍ߩߤߥ࡜࡟ࠦޕ‬㒐ធ⒳ߪฬ㚞᧻ဈደߩ⋵ࡄࠬࡐ࡯࠻࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߢน⢻‫ޕ‬ᄛߢ߽ᥤ޿ߢߔ߇‫Ⰶޔ‬ኻ╷ࠍ⠨߃ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬㐳ⴿߣ࠭ࡏࡦࠍ߅ᅑ߼ߒ߹ߔ‫Ⰶޕ‬ขࠅ✢㚅ߪ⃻࿾ߢᚻߦ౉ࠅ߹ߔ‫࡯࡟ࡊࠬޕ‬ᒻᑼߩዊဳࠍᜬෳ(ᯏౝߦߪᜬߜㄟ߹ߥ޿㧕ߒߚ߶߁߇⦟ߐߘ
߁ߢߔ‫ޕ‬
࡟ࡦ࠲ࠞ࡯ߪ⍮ੱ߿෹ੱߩ߽ߩࠍㆇォᚻઃߢ୫↪ߔࠆߒ߆޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫߽ࠇߎޕ‬ᕆ㛛ߒ‫ޔ‬1 ᣣ$100 ߩ⋧႐ߦߥߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬705;+#* 5[KCJ-WCNC7PKXGTUKV[ ߣߩ੤ᵹ   http://www.unsyiah.ac.id/
7 ᣣߘ߁ߘ߁ߦ UNSYIAH ߩቇ㐳ߥߤߣ᜿ᜦߣᛂߜวࠊߖࠍ⸳ቯߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬UNSYIAH ߦߪ Civil engineering, Architecture, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering,Electric Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Faculty of Science ߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᢎຬߩ 1/3 ߪᣣᧄߢቇ૏ࠍߣߞߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ಴り⠪߽⷗ߟ߆ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࿾㔡࠴࡯ࡓߪ‫ޔ‬Didik ߐࠎࠄߣⴕേࠍ౒ߦߒߡ‫ߩࠚ࠴ࠕޔ‬ᴉਅ⁁ᴫࠍ᣿⏕ߦߒߚ޿ߣ⠨߃߹ߔ‫ⴡޕ‬ᤊ౮⌀ߛߌߢ߽ 1m ߶ߤᴉ㒠ߒߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ߹ߔ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷߽ⴝߩඨಽ߇᳓ᴚߒߡ
޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

ᧄ㗄ߢߣࠅ޽ߍߚㅦႎ╬ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ฬฎደᄢቇⅣႺቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ ࿾㔡Ἣጊ࡮㒐ἴ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޠ‬ߢߣࠅ޽ߍߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

http://www.seis.nagoya-u.ac.jp/

11╙㧞┨ ⺞ᩏ࿅߆ࠄߩႎ๔
㧝㧚 ᐕർㇱࠬࡑ࠻࡜࿾㔡ߩ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ  ̆⿥Ꮒᄢ࿾㔡ߣ⿥Ꮒᄢἴኂࠍߥߗ੍᷹ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚߩ߆㧫ⅣႺቇ⎇ⓥ⑼࿾㔡Ἣጊ࡮㒐ἴ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ቟⮮㓷ቁߪߓ߼ߦ
ࠗࡦ࠼ᵗᄢᵤᵄࠍᒁ߈⿠ߎߒߚ⿥Ꮒᄢ࿾㔡߇㧘ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕߩࠬࡑ࠻࡜ፉ߆ࠄࠕࡦ࠳ࡑ
ࡦ⻉ፉߦ߆ߌߡ⊒↢ߒߚ߇㧘ߎࠇ߶ߤߩ࿾㔡߇⊒↢ߔࠆߣߪ㧘ᄙߊߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߪ⠨߃ߥ߆ߞߚࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߎߢߪ㧘ߥߗߎࠇ߶ߤߩ࿾㔡߅ࠃ߮ᵤᵄߩ੍᷹߇ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚߩ߆ᬌ⸛
ߒߡߺߚ޿㧚 ࠗࡦ࠼ᵗ๟ㄝߩ࠹ࠢ࠻࠾ࠢࠬ
࿑㧝ߦߪ㧘ࠗࡦ࠼ᵗ๟ㄝߩࡊ࡟࡯
࠻Ⴚ⇇ߣᶏ㒽ࡊ࡟࡯࠻ߩ⋧ኻㆇേߩᣇะ߇␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎߎߢߪ㧘ࠝ࡯ࠬ࠻࡜࡝ࠕߣࠗࡦ࠼ᵗࡊ࡟࡯࠻ߪหߓ࿁ォゲࠍᜬߟ㧘ߟ߹ࠅ㧘㧞ߟߩࡊ࡟࡯࠻ߪ৻✜ߦേ޿ߡ޿ࠆ
߽ߩߣߔࠆ㧚
ࠫࡖࡢፉઃㄭߢߪᴉߺ
ㄟߺᣇะߪᶏḴゲߦ⋥੤ߒߡ޿ࠆ
߇㧘ࠬࡑ࠻࡜ፉઃㄭߢߪ㧘ߒߛ޿ߦᐔⴕߦㄭߠߊ㧚ࠕࡦ࠳ࡑࡦᒐߩࠃ߁
ߦ㧘ᶏ㒽ࡊ࡟࡯࠻ߩ⋧ኻㆇേߣᶏḴゲߩᣇะ߇߶߷ᐔⴕߦߥࠆᴉߺㄟ
ߺᏪߪ㧘਎⇇ߢߪ㧘ࠞ࡝ࡉᶏߣࠕ࡝
ࡘ࡯ࠪࡖࡦߩ⷏┵ߦ޽ࠆߛߌߛ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߥᐔⴕᴉߺㄟߺᏪߢߩᏂᄢ
࿾㔡⊒↢ߪ⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ޿㧚࿑㧝 ࠬࡑ࠻࡜࡮ࠕࡦ࠳ࡑࡦ࿾ၞߩ࿾㔡ᵴേᄥ޿⍫ශߪ‫ߩ࠻࡯࡟ࡊޔ‬ᴉߺㄟߺᣇะ‫ޕ‬







12

ർㇱࠬࡑ࠻࡜࿾㔡㔡Ḯㆊ⒟2004 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 26 ᣣߦࡑࠣ࠾࠴ࡘ࡯࠼ 9.0 ߩ࿾㔡߇⊒↢ߒߚ㧚USGS ߪᒰೋ࿾㔡ߩࡑࠣ࠾࠴ࡘ࡯࠼ߪ 8.1 ߣႎ๔ߒߚ߇㧘ߘߩᓟ 8.5 ߆ࠄ 9.0 ߣᄌࠊߞߚ㧚Stein and Okal ߪ࿾⃿⥄↱ᝄേࠍ↪޿ߡࡑࠣ࠾࠴ࡘ࡯࠼ 9.3 ߣႎ๔ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ࡑࠣ࠾࠴ࡘ࡯࠼ 9.3 ߪ㧘ᦨㄭ 100 ᐕߢߪ㧘1960 ᐕ࠴࡝࿾㔡ߦᰴߋ਎⇇ߢ㧞⇟⋡ߩᄢ߈ߐߩ࿾㔡ߢ޽ࠆ㧚޿߆ߦ੹࿁ߩ࿾㔡߇ᄢ߈߆ߞߚ߆߇ࠊ߆ࠆ㧖㧝㧚㧖㧝 http://www.earth.northwestern.edu/people/seth/research/sumatra.html
߹ߚ㧘ᑪ▽⎇ⓥᚲߩ౎ᧁാᴦ᳁ߪ㧘0.2-1.5Hz ߩᏪၞߩ࿾㔡ᵄ߇ 10 ಽ⒟ᐲ⛮⛯ߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ᢿጀ㕙਄ߩ⎕უ߇ᭂ߼ߡ㐳ᤨ㑆ߦࠊߚࠅ⛮⛯ߒߚߣᜰ៰ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧖㧞㧚ߎࠇ߽ᓥ᧪ߩᏂᄢ࿾
㔡ߩ⎕უᤨ㑆ࠍߪࠆ߆ߦ⿥߃ߚᏂᄢߥ࿾㔡ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ㧚㧖㧞 http://iisee.kenken.go.jp/staff/yagi/eq/Sumatra2004/Sumatra2004-j.html
ᵤᵄߪ㧘㔡Ḯ࿾ߩࠬࡑ࠻࡜ፉ߿ࠕࡦ࠳ࡑࡦߪ߽ߜࠈࠎߩߎߣ㧘࠲ࠗ㧘ࠗࡦ࠼㧘ࠬ࡝࡜ࡦࠞ㧘ࠕࡈ࡝ࠞ᧲ᶏጯߦ߅ࠃࠎߛ㧚ධᭂߢ߽㧝㨙ߩᝄ᏷ߩᵤᵄ߇⸥㍳ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚਎⇇ߩᶏጯߢᵤᵄߩᓇ㗀߇෸߫ߥ߆ߞߚߣߎࠈߪዋߥ޿㧚㔡ᐲಽᏓߪ USGS ߦࠃࠆߣ㧘ᡷᱜࡔ࡝ࠞ
࡞㧔MM㧕ࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߢ㧘ࠬࡑ࠻࡜ፉർㇱࡃࡦ࠳ࠕ࠴ࠚߢߪ㔡ᐲ 9㧘ࡓ࡜ࡏߢ㧤㧘ࠬࡑ࠻࡜ፉ
ో૕ߢ㧟㨪㧡ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ࡃࡦࠣ࡜࠺࠶ࠪࡘ㧘ࠗࡦ࠼㧘ࡑ࡟࡯ࠪࠕ㧘ࡕ࡞ࠫࡉ㧘ࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡯࡞㧘ࠬ࡝࡜ࡦࠞ㧘࠲ࠗߢ߽᦭ᗵߢ޽ߞߚߣߩߎߣߢ޽ࠆ㧚MM ࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߢ㔡ᐲ 9 ߪ㧘᳇⽎ᐡ㔡
ᐲ 5 ᒝ߆ࠄ 6 ᒙߢ޽ࠆ㧚 ࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻࠹ࡦ࠰࡞⸃ߪ㧘ᮮߕࠇᚑಽࠍ߶ߣࠎߤᜬߚߥ޿ㅒᢿጀ࿾㔡ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߟ߹ࠅ㧘ࠬࡑ࠻࡜ፉߣࠕࡦ࠳ࡑࡦ⻉ፉ஥߇਄⋚ߣߥࠅ㧘⷏ߦะ߆ߞߡߖࠅ਄߇ࠆࠃ߁ߥേ߈ࠍߒߚ
ߎߣߦߥࠆ㧚ࠗࡦ࠼ᵗߩࡊ࡟࡯࠻ߪᶏḴߦ߶߷ᐔⴕߦᴉߺㄟࠎߢ޿ࠆ߇㧘ߘߩ⚿ᨐᒁ߈⿠ߎߐࠇߚ࿾㔡ߪ㧘੍᷹ߦ෻ߒߡㅒᢿጀ࿾㔡ߢ޽ߞߚ㧔଀߃߫࿾㔡⎇ⓥᚲጊਛ૫ሶ᳁ߩ⸃㧖㧟㧕㧚㧖㧟 http://www.eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp/sanchu/Seismo_Note/2004/EIC161a.html
ㆊ෰ߩᏂᄢ࿾㔡ㆊ෰ᢙ⊖ᐕߦ⿠߈ߚࠬࡑ࠻࡜࡮ࠕࡦ࠳ࡑࡦ࿾ၞߩᏂᄢ࿾㔡ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘޿ߊߟ߆߹ߣ߹
ߞߚႎ๔߇޽ࠆ㧚ߘࠇࠄߦࠃࠆߣ㧘ࠬࡑ࠻࡜ፉਛㇱᴒߦ㧘1833 ᐕߣ 1861 ᐕߦᏂᄢ࿾㔡߇⿠߈ߚߣߩߎߣߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠄߪࡑࠣ࠾࠴ࡘ࡯࠼ 8.3㨪9.2 ߣᭂ߼ߡᄢ߈ߥ୯߇ᓧࠄࠇߡ޿
ࠆ㧔࿑㧝㧕㧚ߚߛߒ㧘ᱧผ࿾㔡ߩ㔡Ḯၞߪ㧘㔡ᐲಽᏓߦၮߠ߈ផቯߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ㧘߅߅ࠃߘߩ૏⟎ࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߣᕁߞߚ߶߁߇ࠃ޿ߛࠈ߁㧚࿑㧝߆ࠄߪ㧘ࠬࡑ࠻࡜ፉ㧘ࠕࡦ࠳ࡑࡦ⻉ፉߩᴉߺㄟߺᏪߢߪ㧘1861 ᐕ࿾㔡ߣ 1881 ᐕ࿾㔡ߩ㑆ߪ㧘‫ޟ‬࿾㔡ⓨ⊕ၞ‫ߣߚ޿ߡߞߥߣޠ‬⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߎߩⓨ⊕ၞࠍၒ߼ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘2004
ᐕ 12 ᦬ 2㧢ᣣߦ࿾㔡߇⿠ߎࠅ㧘1941 ᐕߣ 1881 ᐕ࿾㔡ߩ㔡Ḯၞࠍ㘶ߺㄟ߻ࠃ߁ߦ㧘⎕უ߇ർߦะ߆ߞߡ᜛ᄢߒߡⴕߞߚߩߛࠈ߁㧚ⓨ⊕ၞߩᄢ߈ߐߪ 300km ߦ߅ࠃ߱น⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ㧚
Newcomb and McCann (1987)ߪ㧘ࠬࡑ࠻࡜ፉᴒߩ࿾㔡ߩࠬ࡝࠶ࡊ㊂ࠍᢿጀၞߩᄢ߈ߐ߆ࠄ

13⚻㛎⊛ߦផቯߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ᓐࠄߩᚻᴺߦၮߠߌ߫㧘ߎߩ࿾㔡ⓨ⊕ၞࠍၒ߼ࠆ࿾㔡ߪ M8.5 ߦ㆐ߔࠆ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ߡ⦟޿ߛࠈ߁㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ⓨ⊕ၞߩᄢ߈ߐߩផቯߪ߆ߥࠅછᗧᕈ߇޽ࠆ㧚ㆊ෰ߩᄢᵤᵄ ࡃࡦ࠳ࠕ࠴ࠚᏒߪᵤᵄߦⷅࠊࠇ㧘Ꮢߩਛᔃㇱߦ޽ߞߚ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪ᳓ᴚߒ㧘⾗ᢱߪ߶ߣࠎߤ
ߥߊߥߞߚߣ⡞ߊ㧚ࠪࡖࠢࠕ࡜ᄢቇߢߪ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪⵍἴ߆ࠄ఺ࠇߚ߇㧘ᚒ‫⸰߇ޘ‬໧ߒߚ㓙ߦߪ㧘⾗ᢱߪ߹ߛ೑↪ߢ߈ߥ޿ߣߩߎߣߢ޽ߞߚ㧚ߒߚ߇ߞߡ㧘ㆊ෰ߩᵤᵄߦߟ޿ߡᱧผ⾗ᢱߦၮߠ߈⼏⺰ߔࠆߎߣߪߎߎߢߪߢ߈ߥ޿㧚⃻࿾ߢ⡞޿ߚ⹤ߢߪ㧘1907 ᐕߦ Simeuleue ፉઃㄭߦ M7.9 ߩ࿾㔡߇⊒↢ߒߚߣߩߎߣߢ
޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩ࿾㔡ߩ㓙ߦᵤᵄ߇ⷅ޿㧘ᄙᢙߩፉ᳃߇ᱫ੢ߒߚ㧚ߎߩᤨߩᵤᵄߩ⸒޿વ߃߇ᱷ
ߞߡ޿ߚߚ߼㧘੹࿁ߩ࿾㔡ߢߪ㧘Simeuleue ፉߢߩᵤᵄⵍኂ⠪ߪዋߥ߆ߞߚ㧚ߚߛߒ㧘ࡑࠣ࠾࠴ࡘ࡯࠼ 7.9 ߩᵤᵄߩߚ߼㧘੹࿁ߩࠃ߁ߥᄢ߈ߥᵤᵄߪᒁ߈⿠ߎߒߡ߅ࠄߕ㧘ࡃࡦ࠳ࠕ࠴ࠚ߹ߢߪ㆐ߒߡ޿ߥ޿น⢻ᕈ߇㜞޿㧚ᵤᵄߪ㧘ࠕ࠴ࠚ⺆ߢࠗࡉ࡯࠽ߣ๭߫ࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚̌ᄢ߈ߥᵄ̍ߣߩᗧ๧ࠄߒ޿߇㧘ᚒ‫߇ޘ‬⡞޿ߚ㒢ࠅߢߪ㧘࿾㔡೨߆ࠄߎߩන⺆ࠍ⍮ߞߡ޿ߚੱ
ߪ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ㧚⃻࿷ߩࡃࡦ࠳ࠕ࠴ࠚᏒߪ㧘ࠕ࠴ࠚᎺߩᎺㇺߢ޽ࠅ㧘ੱญ 25 ਁੱߩਛㇺᏒߢ޽ࠆ㧚17 ਎♿
ೋ㗡ࠃࠅ੤ㅢߩⷐᚲߣߒߡᩕ߃ߡ޿ߚ߽ߩߢ㧘੹࿁ߩᵤᵄߩߚ߼ᶐ㘩ࠍฃߌߚ⍾Ꮊߩ਄ߦ▽߆ࠇߚᶏጯઃㄭߩⴝߪ㧘ฎߊߦ▽߆ࠇߚࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆ㧔ᢥᧃෳ⠨㧕㧚߹ߚ㧘⃻࿷ߩⴝߩਛᔃ࿑  ጤ႙౮⌀

14ઃㄭߦߪ߆ߟߡߩࠕ࠴ࠚ₺࿖ߩ₺ች߇޽ߞߚ߇㧘₺ች߇ᑪߡࠄࠇߡએ᧪㧘ߎߎߦ߽ᵤᵄ߇᛼ߒነߖߡߪ޿ߥ޿ߣផ᷹ߐࠇࠆ㧚੹ᓟ㧘ߎߩᣇ㕙ߩ⹦ߒ޿⺞ᩏ߇ᔅⷐߣߐࠇࠃ߁㧚ࡃࡦ࠳ࠕ࠴ࠚᏒࠃࠅ 20km ⒟᧲ߩࠗࡦ࠼ᵗߦ㕙ߒߚᶏጯߦ㧘⋥ᓘ 3m ߶ߤߩ⃜ℬ␂⿠Ḯߩጤ႙߇ᢙ୘ォ߇ߞߡ޿ࠆߩ߇⋡ߦઃ޿ߚ㧔࿑㧞㧕㧚ࠪࡖࠢࠕ࡜ᄢቇ࿾⃿‛ℂቇ⎇ⓥቶߩ
Didik ⻠Ꮷߦࠃࠆߣ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩጤ႙ߪ㧘੹࿁ߩᵤᵄએ೨߆ࠄߔߢߦᶏጯߦ޽ߞߚࠄߒ޿㧚ࡃࡦ࠳ࠕ࠴ࠚߪർ✲㧠qઃㄭߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᄢ߈ߥࠨࠗࠢࡠࡦߪ⊒↢ߒߥ޿㧚ߎߩߚ߼᥸㘑㔎ࠍ઻߁ᄢᵄߦࠃࠅ㧘ᜬߜㄟ߹ࠇߚߣߪ⠨߃ߦߊ޿㧚߹ߚጤ႙ߪ⃜ℬ߆ࠄߥࠆߚ߼㧘㒽਄߆ࠄᵩ᳓ߢㆇ߫ࠇߚߣ߽⠨߃ࠄࠇߥ޿㧚ߒߚ߇ߞߡ㧘ㆊ෰ߩᄢᵤᵄߩ㓙ߦᶏᐩ߆ࠄㆇ߮ߎ߹ࠇߚᵤᵄ⍹ߣ߽⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚੹ᓟ㧘ߎߩ⃜ℬጤ႙ߩ⿠Ḯ߿ᐕઍࠍ⺞ᩏߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘৻ߟ೨ߩᄢᵤᵄߩᐕઍ߇᳿ቯߢ߈ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿㧚⃻࿷㧘ࠪࡖࠢࠕ࡜ᄢቇߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߣ⹜ᢱߩ෼㓸ߥߤߩ౒ห⎇ⓥࠍ⸘↹ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߥߗ੍᷹ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚߩ߆㧫࠹ࠢ࠻࠾ࠢࠬ߆ࠄ੍᷹߇ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚߩ߆㧫వߦㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘ࠬࡑ࠻࡜ፉർㇱ߆ࠄࠕࡦ࠳ࡑࡦ⻉ፉߦ߆ߌߡߩፉᒐߩᣇะߣ㧘ࠗࡦ࠼ᵗࡊ࡟࡯࠻ߣ࡙࡯࡜ࠪࠕࡊ࡟࡯࠻ߩ⋧ኻㆇേߩᣇะߪᐔⴕߦㄭ޿㧚ᴉߺㄟߺᣇะߪ㧘ࠬࡑ࠻࡜ፉർㇱߢߪ 45q⒟ᐲߣ߿߿ᢳ੤ߒߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߩ㧘ർ߳ㅴ߻ߣ߶߷ᐔⴕߦߥࠆ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᴉߺㄟߺᣇะ߇߶߷ᐔⴕߦߥࠆ࿾ၞߪ㧘ࠕ࡝ࡘ࡯ࠪࡖࡦᒐ߇ࠞࡓ࠴ࡖ࠶ࠞᒐߦ߱
ߟ߆ࠆࠦࡑࡦ࠼࡟ࠬࠠ࡯ፉઃㄭ㧘߅ࠃ߮ർࠕࡔ࡝ࠞࡊ࡟࡯࠻߇ࠞ࡝ࡉᶏࡊ࡟࡯࠻ߦᴉߺㄟ
߻ࡊࠛ࡞࠻࡝ࠦઃㄭߥߤߦ޽ࠆ㧚McCann et al. (1987) ߪߎߩࠃ߁ߥ࿾ၞߢߪ૗߇⿠ߎࠆ߆
ࠊ߆ࠄߥ޿㧘ߣㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ㧚ታ㓙ߦ⿠߈ߡߺࠆߣᦨᖡߩ࿾㔡ߣߥߞߚ㧚ࠕࡦ࠳ࡑࡦ⻉ፉߩ᧲஥ߦߪ㧘⢛ᒐᶏ⋆᜛ᄢࠍ⛯ߌߡ޿ࠆ㧚⢛ᒐᶏ⋆᜛ᄢ߇ㅴⴕߒߡ޿ࠆ
ߔߋㄭߊߢࡊ࡟࡯࠻Ⴚ⇇ߩㅒᢿጀᏂᄢ࿾㔡߇⊒↢ߔࠆߩߪ⃟ߒ޿㧚ߎࠇ߆ࠄ߽޽ࠇ߶ߤߩ
Ꮒᄢ࿾㔡ࠍ੍᷹ߔࠆߩߪ㔍ߒ޿ߛࠈ߁㧚ߚߛߒ㧘ࠕࡦ࠳ࡑࡦᒐߢߩ᜛ᄢᣇะߪፉᒐߦᐔⴕ
ߢߪߥߊ㧘⋥੤ߔࠆᣇะߢ޽ࠆߚ߼㧘ࡑ࡝ࠕ࠽⢛ᒐᶏ⋆᜛ᄢߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᶏᵗࡊ࡟࡯࠻ߩᴉ
ߺㄟߺญ߇ᶏ஥ߦㅌ޿ߡ޿ࠆߚ߼ߢߪߥߐߘ߁ߛ㧚ߎߩ⋥੤ߔࠆ⢛ᒐᶏ⋆᜛ᄢߦ㑐ߒߡߪ㧘ࠗࡦ࠼ᄢ㒽ߩⴣ⓭ߦࠃࠆߣ⺑᣿ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎߩㄝࠅ߽߿߿ⶄ㔀ߥ࠹ࠢ࠻࠾ࠢࠬߢ޽ࠆ㧚ࡊ࡟࡯࠻ߩ⋧ኻㅦᐲ߆ࠄߪ੍᷹߇ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ㧫
 1881 ᐕߦࠕࡦ࠳ࡑࡦ⻉ፉߦࠞ࡯࠾ࠦࡃ࡞࿾㔡߇⊒↢ߒ㧘ߎߩ࿾㔡ߦ઻߁ᵤᵄ߇ࠗࡦ࠼ᵗฦ࿾ 10 ࠞᚲߩ㛎ầ௾ߢ⸥㍳ߐࠇߚ㧚ߎࠇࠄߩ⸥㍳ߪ Oldham(1884)ߩႎ๔ᦠߦឝタߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ᒰᤨߩ㛎ầ௾ߩಽᏓߪ㧘੹࿁ߩ࿾㔡ߢࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻ߦタߞߡ޿ࠆ㛎ầ௾ߩᢙߣ߶
ߣࠎߤᄌࠊࠄߥ޿㧚 Ortiz and Bilham (2003) ߪߎࠇࠄߩᵤᵄ⸥㍳ࠍ↪޿ߡ㧘ߎߩ࿾㔡ߩᢿጀࡕ࠺࡞ࠍផቯߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎߩ⚿ᨐ㧘ࡑࠣ࠾࠴ࡘ࡯࠼ߪ 7.9 ߣផቯߒ㧘ߎߩ࿾ၞߦ M7.9㨪8.3
ߩ࿾㔡߇㧘114 ᐕ㨪250 ᐕߩ㑆ߦ⿠ߎࠆߣផ᷹ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߟ߹ࠅ㧘1995 ᐕ߆ࠄ 2131 ᐕߩ㑆ߦߎߩ⒟ᐲߩⷙᮨߩ࿾㔡߇⿠ߎࠆߣផቯߒߚߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚ᓐࠄߪ㧘ࡊ࡟࡯࠻㑆ߩ⋧ኻㅦᐲߪ㧘15

ᐕ㑆 3cm㧘㧝࿁ߩ࿾㔡ߢߩᢿጀ㕙਄ߩߔߴࠅࠍ 5㨪10m ߣߒߡផቯߒߚ㧚2004 ᐕࠬࡑ࠻࡜
ፉᴒ࿾㔡ߩᢿጀ㕙਄ߩߔߴࠅߪ 12m ⒟ᐲߣ⸒ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߒߚ߇ߞߡ㧘೨࿁ߩ࿾㔡߆ࠄ⫾Ⓧߒߚᔕജࠍ⸃᡼ߒߚߣߔࠆߣᄢ߈ߔ߉ࠆ㧚ߟ߹ࠅ㧘ߘࠇࠃࠅ߽ߪࠆ߆ߦ㐳޿㧘ᢙ⊖ᐕએ਄߆ߌߡ⫾Ⓧߒߚᔕജࠍ⸃᡼ߒߚߣ⸒߁ߴ߈߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿㧚࿾㔡ߩ㓙ߦᔕജࠍߔߴߡ⸃᡼
ߔࠆߩ߆㧫ߣߩฎߊ߆ࠄߩ໧㗴߇޽ࠆ㧚੹࿁ߩ࿾㔡ߪ㧘ߎࠇߦኻߒ㧘‫৻ߪᤨࠆ޽ޟ‬ㇱ㧘޽ࠆߣ߈ߪߔߴߡ‫ߩޠ‬น⢻ᕈࠍ␜ໂߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ㆊ෰ߩ࿾㔡ߩⷙᮨ߆ࠄߪ੍᷹ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ㧫
 2004 ᐕࠬࡑ࠻࡜ፉᴒ࿾㔡ߪ㧘߹ߕ࿾㔡ⓨ⊕ၞࠍၒ߼ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘⎕უ߇⊒↢ߒർߦㅴⴕߒ
1881 ᐕࠞ࡯࠾ࠦࡃ࡞࿾㔡߅ࠃ߮ 1941 ᐕ㔡Ḯၞ߽⎕უߒߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߎߎߢᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆߩߪ㧘1941 ᐕ㧘1881 ᐕ㧘ߘࠇߦⓨ⊕ၞߩ࿾㔡߇৻ᢧߦ⿠߈ߚߣ߈㧘⿥Ꮒᄢ࿾㔡ߦ⊒ዷߒߚὐߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߥߗߎࠇ߶ߤ߹ߢߦᄢ߈ߥ࿾㔡ߦߥߞߚߩߛࠈ߁߆㧫࿑  -CPCOQTK/E0CNN[  ߦࠃࠆ‫ޔ‬࿾㔡ߩⷙᮨ߇㔡Ḯၞߩ㐳ߐߦᄢ߈ߊଐሽߔࠆ
ࡕ࠺࡞‫ߩߟ৻ޕ‬࿾㔡ߣߒߡ⿠߈ߚ࿾㔡 / ߩⷙᮨߪ‫ޔ‬೎‫ߚ߈⿠ߦޘ‬࿾㔡 /// ߩ๺ࠃࠅߪࠆ߆ߦᄢ߈ߊߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩ⻘ࠍ⸃ߊ㎛ߪ㧘ࠛࠢࠕ࠼࡞ᴒߩ࿾㔡ߦ޽ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿㧚Kanamori and McNally(1982) ߦࠃࠆߣ㧘1907 ᐕࠛࠢࠕ࠼࡞࿾㔡ߩࡑࠣ࠾࠴ࡘ࡯࠼ߪ M8.8 ߢ޽ߞߚ߇㧘ߘߩᓟ㧘ߎߩ㔡Ḯၞࠍၒ߼ߚ㧟ߟߩ࿾㔡ߩࡑࠣ࠾࠴ࡘ࡯࠼ߪ㧘7.9㧘7.8㧘8.2 ߣዊߐ߆ߞߚ㧚㧟ߟߩ࿾㔡ࠍ⿷ߒวࠊߖߡ߽㧘M8.2 ߦߒ߆ㆊ߉ߥ޿㧚ߟ߹ࠅ㧘৻ߟߩ࿾㔡ߣߒߡ⿠߈ߚ႐วߪ㧘޿ߊߟ߆ߦಽ߆ࠇߡ⿠߈ߚ࿾㔡ߩ 5㨪10 ୚߶ߤߩᄢ߈ߐߢ޽ߞߚ㧚㔡Ḯၞ߇޿ߊߟ߆ᮮߦ
ㅪߥࠅ৻ᢧߦ⿠߈ࠆߣ㧘࿾㔡ߩⷙᮨ߇ᩴ㆑޿ߦᄢ߈ߊߥࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ㧚㊄᫪ࠄߪ㧘࿑㧟ߩࠃ߁ߥ࿾㔡⊒↢ߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓ߇௛޿ߡ޿ࠆߩߛࠈ߁ߣ⺑᣿ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚߽ߒ㧘ᢿጀߩ㐳ߐߦᲧ଀ߒߡᢿጀ㕙਄ߩߔߴࠅ߇Ⴧߔߣ㧘࿾㔡ࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ߪ㐳ߐߩ㧞ਸ਼ߦᲧ଀ߒߡᄢ߈ߊߥࠆ㧚ߒߚ߇ߞߡ㧘ᄢ߈ߐߩหߓ࿾㔡߇㧟ߟㅪߥࠇ߫㧘࿾㔡ߩⷙᮨ߇⿷ߒ
วࠊߖߚ߽ߩߣߔࠇ߫㧘ࡑࠣ࠾࠴ࡘ࡯࠼ߪ 0.32 ߛߌჇߔ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘࿾㔡ߩⷙᮨ߇ᢿጀߩ㐳ߐߩ㧞ਸ਼ߦᲧ଀ߔࠆߥࠄ߫㧘ࡑࠣ࠾࠴ࡘ࡯࠼ߪ 0.64 ߽Ⴧߔ㧚ߎࠎߥࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓ߇௛޿ߚߩ
ߛࠈ߁߆㧚ߎࠇߪ㧘᧲ᶏ࡮᧲ධᶏ࡮ධᶏ࿾㔡㧔࿑㧡㧕ߦ߽㑐ㅪߒ㧘੹ᓟᄢ޿ߦᬌ⸛ߔߴ߈

16࿑㧡 ᧲ᶏ࡮᧲ධᶏ࡮ධᶏ࿾㔡ߩ㔡Ḯၞ㧔Ꮢ↸᧛೎ੱญኒᐲ࿑ߦ㊀ߨߡឬ޿ߚ߽ߩ㧕㧚ߎࠇࠄߩ㔡Ḯၞ߇৻ᢧߦേ޿ߚ႐วߩ࿾㔡ߩⷙᮨߪ㧘㔡Ḯၞ߇೎‫ߦޘ‬േ޿ߚߣ߈ߩ๺ߣߐࠇߡ
޿ࠆ߇㧘ߘࠇߢචಽߛࠈ߁߆㧫⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆ㧚 ᵤᵄἴኂߪ੍᷹ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ㧫 㒐ầႇߪ߶ߣࠎߤߥ޿ߦ߽㑐ࠊࠄߕ㧘ࡃࡦ࠳ࠕ࠴ࠚᏒ߿ߘߩ㇠ᄖߩᶏጯߢߪ㧘ᶏᛮ㧝㨪
㧞㨙⒟ᐲߩߣߎࠈߦᄙߊߩੱ‫߇ޘ‬૑ࠎߢ޿ࠆ㧚ૐ✲ᐲ࿾ၞߢߪ㧘ࠨࠗࠢࡠࡦߩࠃ߁ߥᄢⷙ
ᮨߥ᷵ߪ⊒↢ߒߥ޿ߩߢ㧘ᄢᵄ߇᛼ߒነߖࠆߎߣߪዋߥ޿ߣߩߎߣߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߥߎ
ߣ߆ࠄ㧘ᶏᛮߩૐ޿ߣߎࠈߦ቟ᔃߒߡ૑߻ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߛࠈ߁㧚੹࿁ᵤᵄἴኂࠍฃߌߚ㧘ࠗࡦ࠼㧘ࠬ࡝࡜ࡦࠞ㧘࠲ࠗߥߤ߽ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ௑ะ߇޽ߞߚߣផኤߐࠇࠆ㧚ࡃࡦ࠳ࠕ࠴ࠚᏒߩᵤᵄߩ㜞ߐߪ㧘ᶏጯઃㄭߢߪ 10 ᢙ㨙ߦ෸ࠎߛ߇㧘ㇱಽ⊛ߦߪ࿾ᒻ⊛ߥᓇ㗀ߦࠃࠅ㧘㆚਄㜞ߪ 20 ᢙ m ߦ㆐ߒߚ㧚ઁߩᵤᵄ⺞ᩏ࠴࡯ࡓߩႎ๔ߦࠃࠆߣ㧘ࡃࡦ࠳ࠕ࠴ࠚ㇠ᄖߢ߽ 30m ߦ㆐ߒߚᮨ᭽ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ᵤᵄߪᏒⴝ࿾ߦ౉ࠆߣᰴ╙ߦ㜞ߐߪᷫߓߚ߽ߩߩ㧘⦁ࠍᢙ km ౝ㒽ߦㆇࠎߛ㧚㜞ߐ㧝㨙ߩᵤᵄߢ߽㧘ⅽ␕߿ゞࠍ൓޿ࠃߊ᛼ߒᵹߒߡⴕߊ᭽⋧ߪ㧘ࡆ࠺ࠝߦ෼߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚
1881 ᐕࠞ࡯࠾ࠦࡃ࡞࿾㔡ߩᵤᵄߦࠃࠅ㧘ࠗࡦ࠼ධ┵ߢߪ 2m ᒙߩᵤᵄࠍ⸥㍳ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ࠕࡦ࠳ࡑࡦ⻉ፉߦᄢᵤᵄ߇⊒↢ߔࠇ߫㧘ࠗࡦ࠼ᵗ⷏ጯߢߪᄢ߈ߥἴኂ߇⿠߈ࠆߛࠈ߁㧘ߣ
޽ࠆ⒟ᐲߪ੍᷹ߢ߈ߚ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿㧚17ࠕࡑ࠴ࡘࠕࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻ࠨࠗ࠻ߦߪ⥝๧ᷓ޿⸥੐㧖㧠߇޽ࠆ㧚㧖㧠 http://asc-india.org/gq/andaman.html
਄⸥ߦࠃࠆߣ㧘1941 ᐕߩ࿾㔡ߢࠗࡦ࠼ߩ⷏ᶏጯߢᱫ⠪ 5000 ੱߦ㆐ߒߚߣߩႎ㆏߇޽ࠆ߇㧘ߎࠇߪᄢ፲ߩ㓙ߩ㜞ᵄߣ㑆㆑ߞߚߩߛࠈ߁ߣߩ⺑߽޽ࠆ߇㧘ታ㓙ߪߎߩᣣߪᖡᄤ୥ߢߪߥ
߆ߞߚࠄߒ޿㧚⌀னߩߣߎࠈߪಽ߆ࠄߥ޿߇㧘5000 ฬߩ‶†⠪߇಴ߡ߽⸥㍳ߦᱷࠄߥ޿ߣ
ߪ⠨߃ߦߊ޿㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ߘߩᤨઍ⢛᥊ࠍ⠨߃ࠆߣ⿠ߎࠅ߃ߥ޿ߎߣߢߪߥ޿㧚 ਄⸥ߩࠃ߁ߥ࠺࡯࠲ࠍၮߦផ⺰ࠍ㊀ߨࠇ߫㧘੹࿁ߩࠃ߁ߥ⿥Ꮒᄢ࿾㔡ߩ⊒↢ߣ㧘ߘࠇߦၮߠߊᵤᵄἴኂࠍ੍᷹ߢ߈ߚน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ㧚੹࿁ߩ࿾㔡ߪ㧘޿ߊߟ߽޽ࠆࠪ࠽࡝ࠝߩ߁ߜ㧘ᦨᖡߩࡄ࠲࡯ࡦ߇⿠߈ߚߣ⸒߃ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿㧚 ਛㇱࠬࡑ࠻࡜ඨፉᴒߩᴉߺㄟߺ࿾㔡Ꮺߢ㧘1797 ᐕߣ 1833 ᐕߩ 36 ᐕߩ㑆㓒ߢᏂᄢ࿾㔡߇⊒↢ߒ㧘ߘߩࠬ࡝࠶ࡊ㊂ߪ೨⠪ߪᓟ⠪ߩ㧠୚⒟ᐲߢ޽ߞߚߣߩᜰ៰㧖5 ߽޽ࠆ㧚㧖㧡 http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~sieh/publications/a10.html
ዋߥߊߣ߽ߎߩ࿾ၞߩࡊ࡟࡯࠻ߩ⋧ኻㆇേ߆ࠄផቯߐࠇࠆ⫾Ⓧߐࠇߚࠬ࡝࠶ࡊ㊂ࠍߪࠆ߆ߦ⿥߃ࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘1797 ᐕߦߘࠇߛߌᄢ߈ߥ࿾㔡߇⊒↢ߒߚߦ߽㑐ࠊࠄߕ㧘36 ᐕᓟߦౣ߮Ꮒᄢ࿾㔡ࠍ⊒↢ߐߖࠆߩߪ㧘ᤨ㑆੍᷹ࡕ࠺࡞ߦ⍦⋫ߔࠆ㧚ᤨ㑆੍᷹ࡕ࠺ߢߪ㧘࿾㔡㑆㓒ߪ㧘৻ߟ೨ߩ࿾㔡ߩⷙᮨߦᲧ଀ߔࠆߣߩ⠨߃ߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ߎߎߢߪ߹ߞߚߊᚑࠅ┙ߞߡ޿ߥ޿㧚ᤨ㑆੍᷹ࡕ࠺࡞ߪ㧘᧲ධᶏ࡮ධᶏ࿾㔡⊒↢ᤨᦼផቯߦណ↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘޿߹ߛ⸃᣿ߐࠇߥ޿ߎߣ߇ᄙ޿㧚߅ࠊࠅߦ
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࠳ࡑࡦ⻉ፉߦ㧘ࡑࠣ࠾࠴ࡘ࡯࠼ 9.0㨪9.3 ߩ⿥Ꮒᄢ࿾㔡߇㧘⊒↢ߔࠆน⢻ᕈࠍ੍᷹ߢ߈ߚ߆
߽ߒࠇߥ޿㧚߹ߚ㧘ㆊ෰ߩ޿ߊߟ߆ߩᵤᵄἴኂࠍၮߦ㧘M9.3 ߩ࿾㔡߇⿠߈ߚ႐วߩࠗࡦ࠼
ᵗฦ࿖ߩἴኂࠍ੍᷹ߢ߈ߚน⢻ᕈ߽޽ߞߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ߎߩ੍᷹ߪᭂ߼ߡ㔍ߒ߆ߞߚߩߢߪ
ߥ޿߆㧚ߜࠂ߁ߤ㧘ᣣᧄߢਃ㒽߆ࠄ㑐᧲㧘᧲ᶏ㧘྾࿖ᴒ߹ߢ৻᜼ߦ⿠ߎࠆ࿾㔡ࠍᗐ௝ߢ߈
ߥ޿ߩߣหߓߊࠄ޿㧘੍᷹ࠍ⿥߃ߡ޿ࠆߎߣߢ޽ߞߚ㧚 ੹࿁ߩ࿾㔡ߢ㧘ਇᐘਛߩᐘ޿ߣ⸒߃ࠆߎߣߪ㧘࿾㔡⊒↢߿ᵤᵄ߇ⷅ᧪ߒߚᤨ㑆߇ᦺ 8㨪10ᤨ㗃ߢ޽ߞߚߚ߼㧘ᵤᵄߦᏎ߈ㄟ߹ࠇߥ߇ࠄഥ߆ߞߚੱ߽޿ߚߎߣߢ޽ࠆ㧚߽ߒ⌀ᄛਛߦ⿠߈ߚߥࠄ߫㧘‶†⠪߇ߐࠄߦჇ߃ߚ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿㧚߹ߚᤤ㑆ߢ޽ߞߚߚ߼ߦ㧘ᵤᵄߩᤋ௝߇ฦ࿾ߢ᠟ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠄߩᤋ௝߇ᵤᵄἴኂߩᕟࠈߒߐࠍવ߃ࠆᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߡ޿
ࠆ㧚

18

ᢥ₂
Bock,Y, L. Prawirodirdjo, J. Genrich, C. Stevens2 R. McCaffrey, C. Subarya, S. Puntodewo, and E.
Calais, Crustal motion in Indonesia from Global Positioning System measurements, J. Geophys.
Res, 108, 2367, doi:10.1029/2001JB000324, 2003
Kanamori and McNally, Variable rupture mode of the subduction zone along the Ecuador-Colombia,
Coast, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 72, 1241-1253, 1982.
McCann, W. R., S. P. Nishenko, L.R. Sykes, and J. Krause, Seismic gaps and plate tectonics:
seismic potential for major plate boundaries, Pure Appl. Geophys., 117, 1082-1147,1979.
Newcomb, K. R., and W. R. McCann, Seismic history and seismotectonics of the Sunda Arc, J.
Geophys. Res., 92, 421– 439, 1987.
Ortiz, M. and R. Bilham, Source area and rupture parameters of the 31 December 1881 Mw = 7.9
Car Nicobar earthquake estimated from tsunamis recorded in the Bay of Bengal, J. Geophys.
Res, 108, 2215, doi:10.1029/2002JB001941, 2003.
ෳ⠨⾗ᢱࠕ࠴ࠚᣖߪࠬࡑ࠻࡜ፉߩർ┵ߦዬ૑ߔࠆ㧘ࡑ࡟࡯ੱ㧘ࠫࡖࡢੱ㧘ࠗࡦ࠼ੱ㧘࠾ࠕࠬፉੱߥ
ߤߣߩᷙⴊ㧚Ⓑ૞ߦᓥ੐ߔࠆㄘ⠹᳃ߢ㧘ᢘ⯩ߥࠗࠬ࡜ࡓᢎᓤ߇ᄙ޿㧚
1520 ᐕઍએ㒠㧘ࠢ࠲࡜ࠫࡖ㧔⃻ࡃࡦ࠳࡮ࠕ࠴ࠚᏒ㧕ࠍਛᔃߦᕆỗߦ⊒ዷ㧚ࡑ࡜࠶ࠞߩࡐ࡞
࠻ࠟ࡞ੱߣߪߎߩᓟ㧝਎♿ߩ㑆Ᏹߦኻ┙㧚
1873㨪1912 ᐕࠕ࠴ࠚᚢ੎߇⿠ߎࠅ㧘ࠝ࡜ࡦ࠳ੱᬀ᳃⠪ߣⴣ⓭㧘ỗὓߥᚢ޿ߩᓟᢌർ㧘એᓟࠝ࡜ࡦ࠳ߩᡰ㈩߇⛯߈㧘ߘߩᓟᣣᧄァ߇භ㗔ߔࠆ㧚
1949 ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕㅪ㇌౒๺࿖⁛┙ ࠕ࠴ࠚ߽ㅪ㇌ౝߩ৻⥄ᴦ࿖ߣߒߡ⁛┙㧚
1998 ᐕ࿖ァߣ૑᳃ߩⴣ⓭߇ౣ߮ỗൻ㧚
1999 ᐕ‫ࠚ࠴ࠕ↱⥄ޟ‬ㆇേ (GAM) ‫߇ޠ‬㧘ࠕ࠴ࠚ⁛┙ࠍት⸒㧚
1999 ᐕ 10 ᦬㨪ർࠕ࠴ࠚ⋵㧘ࡇ࠺ࠖ⋵㧘᧲ࠕ࠴ࠚ⋵╬ߢ GAM ߩᱞⵝ㑵੎߇ᵴ⊒ൻ㧚
2003 ᐕ‫ޟ‬ァ੐㕖Ᏹ੐ᘒት⸒‫ ޠ‬㧔㧩ᚓ෩઎ߦ⋧ᒰ㧕 ࠍᏓ๔㧘GAM ᝹⸛ߩァ੐૞ᚢࠍ⊒േ㧚   19

㧞㧚Report of the February 5-13, 2005 Field Survey
at Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Research Center for Seismology, Volcanology and Disaster Mitigation
Glenda M. Besana.
Introduction
The December 26, 2004 Sumatra quake wrought havoc and much destruction innorthern Sumatra and the rest of the areas fronting the Indian Ocean. As expected, one of
the most affected areas by the tsunami is Banda Aceh, the capital city of Nanggore Aceh
Darussalam located north of Sumatra Island. West southwest of the Sumatran Island is
the location of the Sunda trench, where previous major tsunamigenic earthquakes weregenerated (Figure 1). However, the magnitude of the December 26, 2004 quake has been
unparalleled both in terms of size particularly in the Indian Ocean region and in its extent
of destructions from tsunami. Thus, to gather further understanding regarding thedamages from tsunami and its effects on human behavior, and to investigate for possible
regional post-seismic crustal deformation along the Sumatra Island, a team of scientists
from the Research Center of Seismology (RCSVDM), Volcanology and Disaster
Mitigation of the Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University (NU)
was dispatched to the Banda Aceh, Indonesia during the early part of February 2005 for a
7-day field observation.
The main purpose of the survey was to investigate and document the earthquakeand tsunami-related damages incurred from the December 26, 2004 earthquake along the
Sunda trench particularly in the city of Aceh and its adjoining areas. During the field
investigations, information related to subsidence and/or uplift experienced by Sumatra
Island due to the vertical displacement that accompanied the 2004 Sumatra event would
be also gathered. Interviews with the tsunami survivors would likewise be undertaken to
determine the conditions as well as manner of their coping mechanisms related with thetragic experience from the tsunami including the support systems the received. Lastly, anattempt would be undertaken to make an initial contact and/or arrangement with the
University of Syiah Kuala (UnSyiah) for future collaborative research on seismology andgeophysics.

Methods and Limitations
Field surveys were concentrated and limited to Aceh City, Lhok Nga and Krueng
Raya areas were damages and tsunami inundation heights were observed. Ocularinvestigations were undertaken to determine the type of damages incurred by bothengineered structures and residential houses. Local landforms and geomorphology were
likewise noted during the field surveys. Tsunami heights were measured using
clinometers and pacing while the hourly tide variations were measured and observed
using a meter rod and correlated with world tidal record. Tsunami heights mentioned all
throughout the report are inundations heights unless otherwise indicated.

20

On the other hand, interviews and discussions with tsunami survivors were done
mostly inside evacuation camps and relief centers. Information regarding the intense
ground shaking and tsunami inundation were also gathered through the above interviews.
Aside from the interviewees experiences, their family structures, support systems, andviews regarding the disaster were also drawn during the interviews.
Maps available all throughout the field surveys were limited to a city map and
1:250,000 scale map wherein data were plotted on both scales for presentation andreporting purposes.

Data
Ground Shaking and Tsunami Damages
Aceh City
Based from the local accounts, the ground shaking from the 2004 December
quake in Banda Aceh was moderate shaking with a relatively long period frequency thatlasted for at least 3 minutes. During the ground shaking, many concrete buildings
suffered from moderate to severe damages as shown in Figure 2. Most of the totally
destroyed building have a “pancake collapse” type or probably consist of “soft floor”
considering that most of the damaged floors are the first floor of the buildings. Other
buildings displayed obvious severe damages between the columns and beams. The
bridges in Ulee Lheue and Laminga remained standing and suffered no particular damage
related to the strong ground shaking. Moreover, there was not much evidence ofliquefaction in the city either along the river, paddy fields and bridges’ approach locatedin areas not inundated by the tsunami waves. Note that unstable objects like vases,
unanchored cabinets, computers etc. didn’t topple down during the shaking. People
usually described the shaking comparable to being onboard a sailing ship wherein they
can still managed to walk especially after the first 10 seconds. Landslides affected thesteep slopes of the mountains in Peukan Bada exposing some limestones and highlyweathered soil material.
In the case of tsunami damages, the northern half of Aceh city was completely
destroyed. In Peukan Bada, Ulee Lheue, Darah Rayah, Aleu Naga, and Lambaro Angan
which are the places fronting the shore, the buildings and houses were totally destroyedby the tsunami. Tsunami heights along this portion of the city range from 3m to 12m
based on a few manmade structures and trees left by the wave. Height of the debris left
on damaged houses, twisted branches of standing trees, and scratches on outer walls
and/or tree trunks facing the shore were indicative of the height of the tsunami in mostareas. Former location of the houses, roads, electric posts, concrete fences and all othermanmade structures in these areas were only deduced from the shape of the remains on
the ground like concrete floors, bent columns, trees and fences, and pieces of concrete

21

walls. Notably, a number of structures like the mosques, 2-storey houses and concrete
bridges (Figure 3) survived the tsunami. Tsunami height in Ulee Lheue is about 12m.
In the city proper, most of the structures were damaged by the ravaging 3m hightsunami wave, with about 3m/second velocity as indicated by other studies. Most of thedebris from the destroyed houses along the shore was dumped by the tsunami in thecentral part of the city. Tons of twisted steel, broken wood and timber, all materials fromthe destroyed houses along the shore, trees and mud surged along with the tsunami waters
as it plowed inside the city. After about 10 minutes of tsunami flooding, the city was left
with more collapsed houses, broken walls and fences, mud-soaked ground (Figure 4), andseveral hundreds of thousands of casualties, missing and injured persons. The total
population of Banda Aceh is about 450,000 and during our survey, a report from the
Implementing Task Force on Disaster as of February 8, 2005, indicated that the numberof casualty is 116,268 and 114,897 missing. The city proper was damaged by an average
tsunami inundation height of 3m.
Krueng Raya
In Krueng Raya, the effect of intense ground shaking is barely visible comparedto the destruction brought about by the tsunami inundations. The bridge and the port wereintact. However, with at least 8-meter high tsunami, most of the boats and oil tankers ran
aground about 100m from the shore (Figure 5). Houses and buildings were either
partially or totally destroyed. Debris was dumped on roofs of stronger 1-storey structure
while the rest were deposited up to about 300m inland. The walls of most of thestructures in this area were destroyed by the tsunami. One of the big oil tanks was noted
to be swept into the residential area about 300m north from its original site. Vegetationand trees affected by the tsunami dried up leaving behind a denuded ground about 50m to
300m strip along the shore.
Lhok Nga
Field investigations at Lhok Nga showed much destruction compared to Aceh
City and Krueng Raya. In a community where a military detachment of the Indonesian
National Military is located, all structures like houses, steel bridge, and communication
towers were destroyed (Figure 6). Trees like coconut and pines trees along the shore area
were snapped broken while large oil tankers were brought inland about 150m from theshore. A large cement factory and its harbor were likewise damaged (Figure 7). The
tsunami height in this area is at least 12m high based on the gushes on pine trees andabout 14m measured from the mountain slope indicated by the dried up portion of foliage.
Northwest of this area, the mosque remained standing suffering some damaged from thetsunami waters (Figure 8).
Inundation distance in this area extends up to about 100m up to about 5km inlandand caused much destruction in the low-lying areas in the eastern portion of Lhok Nga.
This part of Lhok Nga is composed mainly of paddy fields is now flooded with salt water
which obliterated much of or all vegetations.

22

In the same area, at least three (3) tsunami boulders with size of about 3m x 5m x
4m along the shore were observed lying up side down (Figure 9). The boulders had been
apparently transported to its present location considering the orientation of the corals.
However, it cannot be associated with the 2004 tsunami because of the green moss that
had grown in its base indicating a longer time of deposition.
Collaborative Research Between Unsyiah and Meidai
During this survey, we also had the opportunity to have a meeting with the
UnSyiah Vice Rector Dr. Darnu M. Daud together with other Faculty members namely
Dr. Fajri Jakfar, and Msrs. Didik Sugiyanto, M. Sukri Surabakki, Ismail, Fajri, Marwan,
and Muksin (Figure 10). During this meeting, Dr. Daud informed our team regarding thedamages incurred by the UnSyiah and its staff. And considering the loss of the UnSyiahboth in terms of properties and staff, UnSyiah is very much willing to work withRCSVDM-NU. He likewise indicated the importance of scholarships for junior staff andexchange students under a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). Although heencourage everyone to work out all possible means to initiate collaborative work prior to
the signing of such MOU.
From the RCSVDM-NU side, a crustal deformation observation would beinstalled at UnSyiah using a continuous GPS receiver in collaboration with the staff fromthe UnSyiah’s Department of Physics and Geophysics. This measurement would beundertaken continuously for 2 years. A research regarding human behavior related to thetsunami disaster would also be undertaken together with UnSyiah’s experts.
Subsidence versus uplift
During this survey, two locations were identified that have indications of possible
subsidence. One location for possible measurements is the Ulee Lheue bridge (Figure 11).
In this area, several observations were done to check if the current sea level is lower than
before based from the oysters’ encrustations on the column of the Ulee Lheue bridge andconcrete dike. At least two days of measurements were undertaken to measure the tidal
fluctuations in this location. Based on initial computations, the sea level is now ~40cm
lower. Such subsidence is likewise noticeable from the flooding of almost all Ulee
Lheue’s northern shoreline during high tide. However, the possibility of high waves due
to strong winds pushing the water into the area and possible erosion causing such
lowering of the place cannot be discounted completely at this time.
Another area that indicated subsidence is in Lhok Nga. The remains of pine trees
along the western shores of Lhok Nga are noticeably flooded by seawater even during
low tide (Figure 12). Due to limited time and lack of measurable feature, we have notdetermined the amount of possible subsidence in this area. However, considering theheight of the seawater relative to the trunk of pine trees, we can surmise much more
subsidence in this location compared to Ulee Lheue.

23Installation of GPS receiver and Short Lecture on Crustal Deformation
One GPS receiver was installed at the Geophysics Department of UnSyiah during
this survey. The antenna is now located on a benchmark drilled over cement beam on topof Geophysics Department building (Figure 13). After the installation, a short lecture
regarding crustal deformation and the importance of such measurements was done in the
Geophysics Department. The lecture was attended by at least ten students and 4 faculty
members (Figure 14). Everybody showed much eagerness and interest about crustal
deformation.
Interviews with tsunami survivors
On the other hand, interviews with tsunami survivors were undertaken to at least
three evacuation sites (Figure 15). Questions during the interview were mainly focusedon survivor’s 1) experiences during the earthquake, 2) details about the damage from theground shaking, 2) initial reaction on the ground shaking, 4) knowledge about
earthquake/tsunami, 5) the support systems received after being displaced or relocated on
evacuations camps, 6) facts about previous community & willingness to go back to theprevious community, and 7) current view about tsunami.
Most of the interviewees were survivors that have their communities along theshore. The usual reactions after experiencing the ground shaking were to go back homeand check the safety of their family members. Others tried to go to the mountains without
any reason behind such action. There was no mention of damage from the ground shaking.
All respondents have no idea or knowledge about earthquake and tsunami. Most, if not all,interviewees lost their family members or relatives. Those who went and stayed in themountains survived. All of them were shocked to see their communities wiped out by thetsunami. Unless injured, all of them went to the mosque several hours or days after thetsunami with hope of finding their family members in the mosque. Many kept going backto their communities and adjacent areas in search of their loved ones.
Furthermore, since the tsunami disaster was so enormous, everyone was caught insurprise. Help and relief operations from the provincial and national government came inslower than everybody anticipated. Remarkably, the people that had gathered inside themosque organized themselves gradually. Everybody, particularly the student
organizations and community organizations, played an important role to provide basic
needs for the survivors. Relief from international organizations was usually coursed
through these organizations who are composed of tsunami survivors as well. Despite theenormity of the destruction, most of the respondents are willing to go back to theircommunity for various reasons. Lastly, they consider the tsunami as part of “kiamat” (endof the world) or a test/trial/punishment from Allah which should encourage them to live a
better life from now on. They believed that those who perished during that tragic day are
now in a better place with Allah.

24Some Insights and Discussions
Natural landforms
In terms of landforms, the whole city of Aceh is discerned to be built on an
alluvial plain produced from the Krueng Aceh and Krueng Angan rivers and its
tributaries. The drainage system dumps all sedimentary deposits into the plain duringseasonal rains which usually flooded the city for at least 5 days. Abandoned meanders arestill noticeable on the flood plain while most are buried and/or currently occupied byresidential houses. On the other hand, the shoreline fronting the city is composed of sandspits, barrier beach, lagoons and marshlands. These natural landforms are usually flat,loosely compacted with shallow ground water, and prone to erosion. However,considering its flatness, and easy access to the sea, the city’s growing population anddevelopment had advanced well into this region. Thus, when the gigantic tsunami struck
the city, the dwellings and all other structures along the Ulee Lheue, Jeulinkge, Kapilma,
and Tembak had the slightest chance of survival. However, in Lhok Nga, even though thearea has relatively high elevations, the raging 14m wave left nothing untouched from its
wrath.
Other natural disasters and capacity-building
It should also be noted that natural disasters like typhoons, earthquakes or forest
fires seldom occur in the area although flooding events were usually associated with theseasonal rains. Thus, fire drill or earthquake drill on multiple storey buildings,
government establishments and schools are not undertaken. This despite the fact that
local people made some mention about perceptible earthquakes at least once a year. The
general public likewise has no information about earthquake and/or earthquake hazards
from schools or any other means (e.g. seminar, meetings, training). Considering thelocation of Banda Aceh and the large historical earthquakes in the region, future disasterlike the 2004 December tsunami could hopefully be mitigated through information
dissemination and capacity-building of local urban planners that should be coupled withproper land-use planning.
Tsunami-affected structures
Notably, the mosques usually remained standing with some minor to moderate
damage both from ground shaking and tsunamis. However, most of the houses
surrounding the mosque were completely destroyed and swept away by the tsunami. In
most of the cases, it was surmised that the structural soundness of the mosque is goodenough to withstand the ground shaking of the 2004 December Sumatra quake.
Furthermore, the sparse walls and scores of columns supporting the roof is the mostpossible reason why the mosques survived the ravaging tsunami waves. Without muchwalls to impede the rushing tsunami waters, the mosques remained standing. This is justin stark contrast when the mosque is compared to the residential houses, which usually
have strong connection between walls and columns. The houses with its walls endured all25

the weight and push of the tsunami waters, which finally gave way and swept into or
along with the strong water flow. The tsunami waters, in the case of the mosque, however
could have just gone through the mosque without much impediment.
Historical tsunamis and future studies
Very few people knew or have heard about a tsunami in Banda Aceh before theoccurrence of the 2004 December quake. However, people made some reference to local
inhabitants of a small island west of the mainland who all survived the 2004 December
tsunami event. This particular community went up to the mountains after experiencing
the ground shaking.
During the field survey and interviews, some respondents and local people
mentioned a local name pertaining to tsunami which is “ie beuna” meaning “a big wave
or water from the sea”. Considering the existence of such local word, and the large
tsunami boulders found in Lhok Nga, the area apparently experienced such catastrophic
events prior to the 2004 event. However, historical data shows a very long recurrence
interval of at least 250 years, a quite long recurrence interval making it very difficult to
be with the absence of local documentations.
To determine the existence of other large tsunamigenic event that had affectedBanda Aceh, further field mapping and trenching activity should be undertaken in the
future. Possible sites for trenching can be located in Peukan Bada, and Lambaro Anganbut surely sites along the western shores located further south relative to Lhok Nga could
be more ideal. And lastly, usage of topographic maps with scale of 1:50,000 and/or aerial
photos could lead to a more detailed analysis than what have been undertaken during thissurvey. Hopefully, further geomorphic analysis for earthquake and tsunami hazards
zonation could be done if these kinds of maps are available.

Results
Based on numerous collapsed structures, the whole region experienced moderate
to strong ground shaking. Engineered structures like multiple-storey hotels, private andgovernment buildings, towers and landmarks suffered from moderate to severe structural
damages. Moderate damages were usually indicated by major cracks between columns
and beams while “pancake collapse” were usually manifested by the totally destroyed
structures. However, in the same area, residential houses suffered less or even nodamaged at all. Short period ground shaking that would usually cause unstableunanchored objects to topple was barely observed. It was also noted that even in areas
most possibly underlain by thick alluvium, the ground shaking was commonly compared
to shaking onboard a ship during high waves and lasted for 3-10 minutes.
Most of the damages were due to tsunami that inundated the Aceh City from
0.5km-4km onshore. The shoreline area, especially in Aceh City and Lhok Nga, wastotally destroyed leaving nothing but the floors and bent columns behind. The mosque,26

which is the center of each village, noticeably survived the tsunami wave with minor
damage. The highest tsunami height measured along the shore is about 14m andapproached the shorelines like a vertical wall of water before finally flooding the rest of
the city. And as the tsunami front destroyed everything in its path, the debris from thedestroyed houses was most probably picked-up along way adding to its erosive power.
The rest of Aceh city was damaged by debris and silt-laden tsunami with an averageheight of ~3m. However, in the western part of Banda Aceh particularly in Lhok Nga, thetsunami completely destroyed villages in much higher wave height. The whole area was
stripped-off of almost all manmade structures and foliage. Low-lying valleys were
flooded with salt water while vegetation along the foot slopes of the mountains was
obliterated. Generally, the directions of tsunami approaching the land can be ascertainfrom the bent steel of the house columns, trees, fences, and electric poles.
During the survey, several observations points exemplified possible post-seismic
subsidence. To verify such observations, we made some preliminary measurements at
Ulee Lheue. Initial computations show possible subsidence of at least ~40cm although
investigations in Lhok Nga highly indicated larger amount of subsidence. However,possible erosion along shorelines affected by the tsunami cannot be wholly discounted at
this point to have influenced such phenomenon.
Nagoya University plans to study further the earthquake and tsunami phenomenon
in Banda Aceh considering the city’s vulnerability to earthquake hazards and someevidence of previously bigger tsunami event. An effort towards this direction is the strong
research collaboration with the UnSyiah that could hopefully enhance public knowledge
and awareness regarding earthquake, earthquake hazards and earthquake disastermitigation. The initial activity to address this plan is a regional continuous GPS
observation wherein one permanent GPS station was installed in the Geophysics
Department of UnSyiah.
In terms of the study on the behavioral response of inhabitants of Banda Ache to
the tsunami disaster, results indicated that the very strong belief with Allah and thecohesiveness of the community structures played the major the role during this disaster.
Initial reactions with the earthquake and tsunami showed the lack of knowledge about thephenomena. However, despite the scale of devastation and their lack of understanding
regarding the tsunami, the people worked together to help each other survive the first few
months of the disaster. They automatically organized themselves and reach out to be ofassistance to fellow Achenese and to face a new and better life believing that their loved
ones who perished during the tsunami disaster are now with Allah.

Team Members:
M. Ando (ando@seis.nagoya-u.ac.jp), F. Kimata (kimata@seis.nagoya-u.ac.jp), S.
Tanaka (p47296a@nucc.cc.nagoya-u.ac.jp), R. Kimura (reo@seis.nagoya-u.ac.jp), G.
Besana (gmbesana@seis.nagoya-u.ac.jp), Suhirman (eshm@bdg.centrin.net.id), Didik
Sugiyanto (didiksg2000@yahoo.com), Fajri Jakfar (fajri@unsyiah.ac.id) and Farid
Mulana (faridmln@yahoo.com).

27

Acknowledgment:
We would like to express our thanks to Ms. Rina Meutia- information Assistant of
UN-HIC who provided us much information and maps of Aceh and vicinity. Muchappreciation is also extended to 1) all staff and student of UnSyiah who helped us during
our survey, 2) family & friends of Farid who made our stay in Banda Aceh very much
comfortable, and 3) to all Achenese who were more than kind to accommodate ourinquiries during our survey.

References:
Kayal, J.R., S.G. Gaonkar, G.K. Chakraborty, and O.P Singh, 2004. Aftershocks andseismotectonic implications of the 13 September 2002 earthquake (Mw 6.5) in
the Andaman Sea Basin. BSSA Vol 94 No. 1, pp. 326-333.
Natawidja et al., 2004. Proceedings and abstracts of the SSE Symposium 2004, Nagoya
University, Japan.
Newcomb K.R. and W.R. McCann, 1987. Seismic history ans Seismotectonics of the
Sunda Arc. JGR Vol 92 No. B1 pp. 421-439.
Ortiz, M. and R. Bilham, 2003. Source area and rupture parameters of the 31 December
1881 Mw = 7.9 Car Nicobar earthquake estimated from tsunamis recorded in the
Bay of Bengal. JGR Vol 108, No.B4, 2215.
Sieh, K., S.N. Ward, D.Natawiddjaja and B.W. Suwargadi, 1999. Crustal deformation at
the Sumatran Subduction Zone revealed by coral rigns. GRL Vol 26 No. 20 pp.
3141-3144.
Wessel P. and Smith W. H. F., New version of the generic mapping tools released. EOS
Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 76, 329, 1995
Zachariasen, J., K. Sieh, F.W. Taylor, R.L. Edwards, and W.S. Hantoro, 1999.
Submergence and uplift associated with the giant 1833 Sumatran subduction
earthquake: Evidence from coral microatolls. JGR Vol 104 No. B1 pp. 895-919.
Zachariasen, J. K. Sieh, F.W. Taylor, and W.S. Hantoro, 2000. Modern verticaldeformation above the Suatran subduction zone: paleogeodetic insights fromcoral microatolls. BSSA Vol 90-4 pp. 897-913.

28

Figures1941 Ms 8.1
1881 Mw 7.9
1861 Mw 8.3-8.5
1833 Mw 8.8-9.2

Figure 1: Map showing the major tectonic features in and around Sumatra islands and the
major earthquakes that along the Sunda trench. Map modified from National Geographic
Society.

29

Figure 2: Some of the buildings in Aceh City that have suffered damages from groundshaking.

Figure 3: Bent columns, trees
and fences due to tsunami inundations.

30

Figure 4: Debris dumped by the tsunami inside the Aceh City.

Figure 5: Grounded boats and damaged houses in Krueng Raya.

31

Figure 6: Destroyed houses, bridge, and communication tower in Lhok Nga.

Figure 7: The damaged
cement factory in Lhok
Nga. Note the broken pinetrees in the lower righthandforeground of the photo.

Figure 8: The mosque in Lhok Nga that was affected by tsunami waves.

32

Figure 9: Tsunami boulders found along the Lhok Nga shoreline.

33

Figure 10: Photo showing the meeting between UnSyiah and RCSVDM-NU staff
presided by Dr. D.M. Daud, Vice Rector of UnSyiah.

Figure 11: Tide level measurements inUlee Lheue adjacent to the bridge.
Also shown is the adjoining area withapparent evidence of flooding due tohigh tide.

34

Figure 12: Remains of pine trees in Lhok Nga that are presently flooded with seawater
even during low tide.

Figure 13: The permanent GPS station installed in the Geophysics Department of
UnSyiah with the receiver (a) and antenna (b).

35

Figure 14: The short lecture in the Geophysics Department of UnSyiah regarding crustal
deformation.

Figure 15: Tsunami survivors who obliged to be interviewed during the survey.

36㧟㧚ⴝߣੱ߆ࠄ⷗ߚࡃࡦ࠳࡮ࠕ࠴ࠚߩᵤᵄⵍኂ  ̆  ᐕࠬࡑ࠻࡜ᴒ࿾㔡 ⅣႺቇ⎇ⓥ⑼⺞ᩏ߆ࠄ ̆ⅣႺቇ⎇ⓥ⑼␠ળⅣႺቇኾ᡹ ↰ਛ㊀ᅢ

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38

A

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ߒ߇ߺߟ޿ߚ‫ޔ߈ߣߩߎޕ‬ᄢ߈ߥᵤᵄ߇᧪ߡ‫⥄ޔ‬ಽߩ߆ࠄߛߪ㧞㨪3 ࡔ࡯࠻࡞߽ᶏਛߦၒ߽
ࠇߚ‫ޔߊ߆߽ߣޕ‬ᵤᵄ߇߅ߐ߹ࠆ߹ߢ‫ޔ‬ᬔሶߩᧁߦߒ߇ߺߟ޿ߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ᵤᵄ߇ᒁ޿ߡ‫ᧁޔ‬߆ࠄ㒠ࠅߡ߈ߚߣ߈ߪ‫ߩᧁޔ߹߹ߩߘޔ‬ᩮరߦᐳࠅㄟࠎߢߒ߹ߞߚ‫ޕ‬‫ޔ޿ߚߞ޿ޟ‬૗߇߅߈ߚࠎߛࠈ߁‫ޠ‬‫ޕ‬ඦ೨ 10 ᤨ߆ࠄඦᓟ 5 ᤨ߹ߢ‫ߦߎߘޔ‬ᐳߞߚ߹߹ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߩ᧛ޕ߁޿ߣޔ‬᭽ሶߪ৻ᄌߒߡ޿ߚ‫⥄ޕ‬ಽߩኅ߽‫ޔ‬ኅߩ࿯บࠍᱷߒ‫〔ޔ‬ᒻ߽ߥߊߥߞߡ޿ߚ‫ߦߥޔߪߦ᧛ޕ‬߽ᱷߞߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᄕᣇ‫ޔ‬෹㆐ߦჿࠍ߆ߌࠄࠇ‫⇟৻ߢࠚ࠴ࠕ࡮࠳ࡦࡃޔ‬ᄢ߈ߥਛᄩࡕࠬ
ࠢ߳޿ߞߚ‫ࠄ߆␹ޔࠅ␨ߦ␹ޔߪࠇߘޕ‬ᢇ޿ࠍᓧࠆߚ߼ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ߫ߌ޿ߦߎߘޔߊࠄߘ߅ޔ‬߭ࠂߣߒߚࠄ↢߈ᑧ߮ߚኅᣖߦળ߃ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿ߣ޿߁ᦼᓙ߆ࠄߢߪߥ߆ߞߚ߆‫ޕ‬ߎ߁ߒߚ⸽⸒ࠍ⡞ߊߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ㆱ㔍᳃ࠠࡖࡦࡊࠍ‫⃻ޔ‬࿾ߩᄢቇߩవ↢ࠄߣ࿁ߞߚ‫ࡦࡖࠠޕ‬ࡊߩੱ‫ߦᤨߪޘ‬ᶡߋߺߥ߇ࠄ‫ߦᤨޔ‬ὶὐߩቯ߹ࠄߧ߹߹ߦ㆙ߊࠍ⷗ߟ߼ߥ߇ࠄ‫ࡆ࠲ࡦࠗޔ‬ࡘ࡯ߦᔕߓߡߊࠇߚ‫⴫ޔߦ߆ߕࠊޕ‬ᖱ߇✭߻⍍㑆߇޽ߞߚߩ߇‫ߩ߽ߡ߼ߖޔ‬ᢇ޿ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬਄ߦ⚫੺ߒߚੱߪ‫ޔ‬9 ੱኅᣖ‫␲ޕ‬ῳ‫␲ޔ‬Უ‫ޔ‬ᕷሶ 2 ੱ‫ޔ‬ᆷ 2 ੱ‫ޔ‬ᕷሶߩᇾߣቊ‫ޔߦࠄߐޔ‬৻ੱߩቊߩ᭴ᚑߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ਛߢ‫߈↢ޔ‬ᱷߞߚߩߪ‫ޔ‬46 ᱦߩᓐߣ৻ੱߩᕷሶ‫ޔ‬2 ੱߛߌߢ౮⌀  ࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߏߣߦ߹ߣ߼ࠄࠇߚㆱ㔍⠪ߩ࠹ࡦ࠻ࠍ⸰ߨ‫ࠍ࡯ࡘࡆ࠲ࡦࠗޔ‬ⴕ߁‫ߩ࡯ࡘࡆ࠲ࡦࠗޕ‬㑆ਛ‫ޔ‬๟࿐ߢ⡞޿ߡ޿ࠆੱ‫⥄ߪޘ‬ಽߩ૕㛎ࠍ෻⧖ߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ߽ᕁ߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔↰ਛ㊀ᅢ᠟ᓇ㧕40޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᓐߩ૑߻ࡓ࡜ߪ‫ޔߣ߽ߣ߽ޔ‬1500 ੱߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߢ޽ߞߚ߇‫↢ޔ‬ሽ⠪ߪ 318 ฬߦߔ߉ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᶏጯઃㄭߦዬ૑ߒߡ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᵤᵄߦᏎ߈ㄟ߹ࠇߡ߆ࠈ߁ߓߡ↢߈ᑧ߮ߚੱ߇ࠊߕ߆ߦ
޿ߚ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᄢᵤᵄߦᏎ߈ㄟ߹ࠇߚੱ‫ߪޘ‬ή்ߢഥ߆ߞߚࠊߌߢߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬૕ਛߦ்߿ᛂ
ᠡࠍ⽶ߞߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ߎ߁ߒߚᄢᵤᵄߦᏎ߈ㄟ߹ࠇߡ↢߈ᑧ߮ࠆ⏕₸ߪ‫ޔ߇޿ߥࠄ߆ࠊޔ‬10 ࡔ࡯࠻࡞એ਄ߩᵤᵄߦᏎ߈ㄟ߹ࠇߡ↢ሽߔࠆ⏕₸ߪ 10㧑એਅߢ޽ࠆߎߣߪ⏕߆ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦ‫ࠆ߆ࠊࠄ߆࡯ࡘࡆ࠲ࡦࠗޔ‬㧔ኅᣖ᭴ᚑߣ↢ሽ⠪ࠍᲧセߔࠆ㧕ߎߣߪ‫↢ޔ‬ሽߩ᧦ઙߪ‫↵ޔߣߎ޿⧯ޔ‬ᕈߢ޽ࠆ႐ว߇ᄙ޿ߎߣ‫ޔ‬૕ജߩ޽ࠆߎߣߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ㅒߦ޿߃߫‫ޔ‬ᐜఽ߿ሶଏ‫ޔ‬ᅚᕈ‫ޔ‬⠧ੱ‫∛ޔ‬᳇ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆੱ‫ޔ‬り૕⊛ߥࡂࡦ࠺ࠖࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆੱߥߤߪ‫ޔ‬ᵤᵄߩⵍኂࠍฃߌ߿ߔ޿‫ޕ‬ㆱ㔍ⴕേߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔߪޘੱߚߒ߁ߎޔ‬቟ో₸ࠍᄙ߼ߦ⷗Ⓧ߽ߞߚⴕേࠍㄦㅦߦߣࠆߎ
ߣ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬㧟㧚ᵤᵄߣቬᢎ‫ⵍޔ‬ἴࠍߤ߁ฃߌ౉ࠇࠆ߆
ࡃࡦ࠳࡮ࠕ࠴ࠚߪ‫ࡓ࡜ࠬࠗޔ߽ߢ߆ߥߩࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬ᢎߩାઔ߇ᩮᒝ޿࿾ၞߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎ߁ߒߚ⚻㛎ࠍߒߚੱ‫ޟޔߦޘ‬ᵤᵄࠍߤ߁⠨߃ߡ޿߹ߔ߆‫ޔ߽ߢ੹ޟޠ‬ᵤᵄ߇ᕟࠈߒ޿ߣ߅
߽޿߹ߔ߆‫ޔߣࠆߨߕߚߣޠ‬ᵤᵄ߇ᕟࠈߒ޿ߣߪ╵߃ࠆੱߪዋߥ޿‫ޕ‬ߘࠇߪ‫ޔ‬ᵤᵄࠍ⥄ὼ⃻⽎ߣߪᝒ߃ߡ޿ߥ޿߆ࠄߛ‫ޕ‬ᵤᵄߪ‫߇࡯࡜ࠕޔ‬ቯ߼ߚ‫ޠࡦࡑࠕࠠޟ‬㧔KIAMAT‫ߩߎޟ‬਎ߩ⚳ࠊࠅ‫ޠ‬㧕ߢ޽ࠅ‫⥄ޔࠅ޽ߢ⟋ߩ߳ࠇࠊࠇࠊߚ߃ߚ޽߇࡯࡜ࠕޔ‬ಽߚߜߦਈ߃ࠄࠇߚ⹜✵ߛߣ‫⥄ޕ߁޿ߪޘੱߩࠚ࠴ࠕ࡮࠳ࡦࡃޔ‬ὼ⑼ቇ⠪ߩ⌒߆ࠄ⷗ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬࿾㔡߿ᵤᵄߪ⥄ὼ⃻⽎ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߪ‫⥄ޔ‬᣿ߩߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᢥ┨ߩ⴫㗴ࠍ⷗ߡ‫޿ࠍߦߥޔ‬ߞߡ޿ࠆߩߛࠈ߁ߣ‫߅ޔ‬⠨߃ߚᣇ߽ᄙ޿ߣᕁ߁‫ޕ‬ߎߎߢ‫ޔ߇ޘੱߩࠚ࠴ࠕ࡮࠳ࡦࡃޔ‬ᵤᵄࠍ␹߆ࠄਈ߃ࠄࠇߚࠠࠕࡑࡦ‫ߞ޿ߣ✵⹜ޔ⟋ޔ‬ߡ޿ࠆߎߣߩᣇ߇ℂ⸃ߒ߇ߚ޿ߦ㆑޿ߥ޿‫ࡓ࡜ࠬࠗޔߪࠇߘޕ‬ᢎߩାઔߣߩ㑐ㅪߢ޽ࠆߎ
ߣߪ޿߁߹ߢ߽ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ߒ߆ߒ‫ࠇߘޔ‬એ਄ߦᄢಾߥߩߪ‫ޔ‬ᵤᵄࠍߤ߁ℂ⸃ߔࠆ߆ߪ‫⥄ޔ‬ಽߩኅ߇ߔߴߡ‫⥄ޔ‬ಽߩ㐳޿㑆⧰ഭࠍ㊀ߨߡ▽߈޽ߍߡ߈ߚኅ࡮⽷↥ࠍ৻⍍ߩ߁ߜߦᄬߞߡߒ߹ߞߚߎߣ‫ޔߦࠄߐޔ‬‫⥄ޟ‬ಽߛߌ߇ഥ߆ࠅ‫⥄ޔޠ‬ಽߩ߽ߞߣ߽ᄢಾߥᆄ߿ሶ‫ޔ‬ਔⷫࠍ㨬⥄ಽ߇ᢇ߃ߥ޿߹߹ᱫ੢ߐ
ߖߡߒ߹ߞߚߎߣ㨭ࠍ‫ੱߩੱ৻ޔ‬㑆ߣߒߡ‫߁ߤޔ‬ฃߌ౉ࠇࠆ߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣߣ‫ޔ‬ኒធߦ㑐ㅪߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠄ߆␹ޕ‬ਈ߃ࠄࠇߚ⟏ߢ޽ࠅ⹜✵ߢ޽ࠆ߆ࠄߎߘ‫ߩߎޔ‬੐ᘒࠍฃߌ౉ࠇࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߒ߽ޕ‬ᵤᵄ߇ੱ‫ߩޘ‬ℂ⸃ߦ߅޿ߡ‫⥄ޔ‬ὼ⃻⽎ߦㆊ߉ߥ޿ߣߔࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ኅ࡮
⽷↥‫ޔߦࠄߐޔ‬ኅᣖࠍᄬߞߚߎߣࠍ‫߁ߤޔ‬ฃߌ౉ࠇࠇ߫޿޿ߩߛࠈ߁߆‫ࠇߔߣ޿ߥ߇␹ޕ‬߫‫ޔ‬㨬ᔃߩฃኈ㨭ߦߪ‫ޔ‬೎ߩේℂ߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬㒋␹᷆〝ᄢ㔡ἴએ㒠‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩੱ‫ࠎߒ⧰߇ޘ‬ߛߩ߽‫ߩߎޔ‬೎ߩේℂࠍ᳞߼ߡߩߎߣߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ߎߩᗧ๧ߢ‫ޔ‬ᵤᵄߪ‫⥄ߪߡߞߣߦޘੱߩࠚ࠴ࠕ࡮࠳ࡦࡃޔ‬ὼ⃻⽎ߢߪߥ޿ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬41㧠㧚੹ᓟߩᵤᵄኻ╷߳ߩឭ᩺‫ߩ߳ࠕࠫࠕޔ‬ἴኂ⎇ⓥߣἴኂᡰេ
੹࿁‫✕ޔ‬ᕆ⺞ᩏߦⴕߞߡ⠨߃ߚ‫ࠍࠕࠫࠕޔߪࡑ࡯࠹ߩߟ৻߁߽ޔ‬ਛᔃߣߒߚ╙ਃ਎⇇ߩἴኂ⎇ⓥߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߪ૗߇ߢ߈ࠆ߆‫߁޿߁ߤޔ‬૕೙߇ᔅⷐߥߩ߆‫߁޿ߣޔ‬໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠬࡑ࠻࡜ᴒ࿾㔡⊒↢ᓟ‫ޔ‬ዊᴰ㚂⋧ࠍߪߓ߼ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙ળ⼏ߩߚ߮ߦ‫࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬ᵗߦ߅ߌࠆᵤᵄߩᖱႎࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩᢛ஻ߣ޿߁⺖㗴߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ⵍߢࠚ࠴ࠕ࡮࠳ࡦࡃޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ἴ⠪ߩ⹤ࠍ⡞߈ߥ߇ࠄ‫ߚߒ߁ߘޔ‬Ꮒᄢࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩᢛ஻߇ᧄᒰߦఝవߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߥߩߛࠈ߁
߆‫ޔࠈߒ߻ޕߚߞ߆ߒ⸧ߣޔ‬వㅴ⻉࿖ߦ‫ޟ‬ਈ߃ߡ߽ࠄ߁‫ޠ‬㒐ἴࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߢߪߥߊ‫⥄ޔ‬ಽߚߜߢߢ߈ࠆ㒐ἴኻ╷ߎߘ߇ᔅⷐߥߩߢߪߥ޿߆‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ‫ߩޘੱߩ⥸৻ޔ‬りㄭߥἴኂᢥ
ൻࠍ⢒ߡࠆᚻഥߌߢ޽ࠅ‫✕ߦߣߏࠖ࠹࠾ࡘࡒࠦޔ‬ᕆߦㆱ㔍ߢ߈ࠆᐢ႐߿㜞บߩᢛ஻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦ‫ޔ‬ἴኂߦᒝ޿㓸⪭߿ㇺᏒߠߊࠅߩ߅ᚻવ޿ߢߪߥ޿߆‫⃻ޕ‬࿾ߩੱ‫ޔߒ࡯ࡢࡄࡦࠛࠍޘ‬୘‫ࠍࠖ࠹࠾ࡘࡒࠦߩޘ‬ἴኂߦᒝ޿߽ߩߦ⢒ߞߡࠁߊߎߣ߇ᄢಾߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㨬਄߆ࠄ㧔ㅴࠎߛ࿾ၞ߆ࠄ㧕េഥߔࠆ㨭ߎߣߢߪߥߊ‫ߦߒࠄ᥵ߩޘੱޔ‬ᩮߑߒߚ‫ߒ߁ߘޔ‬ߚ⋡✢ߢ‫ߩࠕࠫࠕޔ‬㒐ἴࠍ⠨߃ߡࠁߊߎߣ߇ᄢಾߥߩߢߪߥ޿߆‫ߦࠇߘޔߡߒߘޕ‬ᓎ┙ߡࠆ㒐ἴ⎇ⓥࠍߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎ߁ߒߚ࿾ᐔߦ┙ߟߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߢ᥵ࠄߔࠊࠇࠊࠇ߽‫ࠄ߆ޘੱߩࠕࠫࠕޔ‬ἴኂߩ⚻㛎ߣ㒐ἴߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩߎߣࠍቇ߱ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬េഥࠍ㨬ਈ߃ࠆ㨭ߣ޿߁ᆫ൓ߪ‫ᦨޔ‬ೋ߆ࠄ‫⋧ޔ‬ᚻ߆ࠄ૗੐߆ࠍቇ߷߁ߣߔࠆᗧ᰼ࠍ᡼᫈ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄߢߪ‫ⵍޔ‬ἴᓟ‫ⴕޔ‬᡽ߦᄙߊߩߎߣࠍᦼᓙߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ⴕޔߪޘੱߩࠕࠫࠕޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬᡽ߦᦼᓙߔࠆߎߣߪዋߥ޿‫ޔࠈߒ߻ޕ‬ኅᣖ߿ⷫᣖ‫ߩࠄ߆ࠖ࠹࠾ࡘࡒࠦߦࠄߐޔ‬េഥࠍᦼᓙߒ
ߡ޿ࠆ‫ⴕޕ‬᡽ᯏ᭴߇ᢛ஻ߐࠇࠇ߫‫ⴕޔ‬᡽ߩᓎഀ߇Ⴧᄢߒ‫ޔ߼ߚߩߘޔ‬ෂᯏߩ㓙ߦ߽‫ⴕޔ‬᡽߳ߩᦼᓙ߇ᄢ߈ߊߎߣߪᒰὼߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫⃻ޕ‬࿷‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߢߪ‫ⴕޔ‬᡽߇୘ੱ୘ੱߩ૑ቛߩ⠴㔡ൻࠍ৻↢ ๮๭߮߆ߌ‫ߩߘޔ‬๭߮߆ߌߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ⠴㔡ൻ߇ㅴ߹ߥ޿
ߣ‫ⴕޔ‬᡽ߩ㒐ἴᜂᒰ⠪ߪགྷ޿ߡ޿ࠆ‫ⴕߢ߹ߦߥࠎߘޔߗߥޔߪޘੱߩࠕࠫࠕޔ߈ߣߩߘޕ‬᡽߇ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ߩ߆‫ߣޔ‬⠨߃ࠆ‫ࠇࠊࠇࠊޕ‬ᣣᧄੱߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬㨬න⚐ߢ޽ࠆ߇ේℂ⊛ߥ㨭໧޿ࠍᔓࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫߇ࠄߜߤޕ‬ᱜߒ޿ߣ޿߁໧㗴ߢߪߥ޿‫ࠄ߆ࠕࠫࠕޕ‬⠨߃ࠆߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߩ㒐ἴኻ╷ߢ‫⥄ޟ‬᣿ߛߣᕁߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ‫ࠍޠ‬໧޿⋥ߔߎߣߦߟߥ߇ߞߡࠁߊ‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦ‫ޔ‬ᵤᵄࠍࠕ࡜࡯߆ࠄߩ⟋ߢ޽ࠅ‫ߣࠆ޽ߢ✵⹜ޔ‬ାߕࠆੱ‫ࠆ޽ޔߪޘ‬ᗧ๧ߢ㨬ᒝ޿㨭ੱ‫ߩߌߛࠇߎޕࠆ޽ߢޘ‬෩ߒ޿⃻ታࠍฃߌ౉ࠇࠆੱ㑆ߩ‫ޟߩ␹♖ޔ‬ᒝߐ‫ޔߪߢޕࠆ޽߇ޠ‬⃻ઍᣣᧄੱߦߪ‫ࡓ࡜ࠬࠗޔ‬ᢎߦઍࠊࠆ‫ߣࠇߘޔ‬ᯏ⢻⊛ߦઍᦧߢ߈ࠆାᔨ߿ାઔ߇޽ࠆߩߛ
ࠈ߁߆‫ޔߪ޿ࠆ޽ޕ‬㨬⚊ᓧߐߖࠄࠇࠆ߽ߩ㨭ࠍ߽ߞߡ޿ࠆߩߛࠈ߁߆‫ߣޔ‬⠨߃ㄟࠎߢߒ߹߁‫ޕ‬ߎ߁ߒߚᗧ๧ߢ‫ޔ‬㒐ἴ਄‫ߪࠕࠫࠕޟޔ‬ㆃࠇߡ‫ޟޔߡ޿ޠ‬ᣣᧄߪㅴࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫࡝ࠝ࡝ࡊࠕߣޠ‬ߦ⷗ߡߒ߹߁ߎߣߪ‫ޔ߽ߡߞߣߦࠕࠫࠕޔ‬ᣣᧄߦߣߞߡ߽ෂ㒾ߥߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬42㧠㧚ࡃࡦ࠳࡮ࠕ࠴ࠚߦ߅ߌࠆࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯⺞ᩏߩታᣉ  ἴኂኻ╷ቶ ᧁ᧛⃍᰷‫␠ߗߥع‬ળ⑼ቇ⠪߇ἴኂ࡮㒐ἴ⎇ⓥ߆㧫ㇺᏒᏂᄢἴኂߪ⥄ὼ⃻⽎ߣ␠ળ⃻⽎ߩਔ஥㕙ࠍ߽ߟ‫ࠄߥߗߥޕ‬ἴኂߪ‫߿ޘੱޔ‬᭴ㅧ‛߳ߩ‛ℂ⊛ⵍኂߛߌߦߣߤ߹ࠄߕ‫␠ޔ‬ળ೙ᐲ‫❱⚵ޔ‬㨯㓸࿅‫ߩޘੱޔ‬ᔃり߿ᣣᏱ↢ᵴߥߤ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⊛ᔃℂ⊛஥㕙ߦࠊߚߞߡ߽↟ᄢߥᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߔ߽ߩߛ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫߼ߚߩߘޕ‬ἴኂߣ޿߁⃻⽎ࠍ⸃᣿ߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫ޔ‬㧝㧕࿾㔡࡮ᵤᵄ╬ߩ⃻⽎ߣߘࠇ߇߽ߚࠄߒߚᓇ㗀ߩ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⊛⸃᣿‫ޔ‬㧞㧕ੱ‫␠߿ޘ‬ળߦਈ߃ߚᓇ㗀ߣⵍἴ⠪ߩ↢ᵴౣᑪㆊ⒟ߩ␠ળ⑼ቇ⊛⸃᣿ߣ޿߁‫⥄ޔ‬ὼߣੱ㑆࡮␠ળߩ෺ᣇߩ┙႐߆ࠄߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴߇ᔅⷐਇนᰳߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߣߎࠈ߇ߎࠇ߹ߢߩἴኂ⎇ⓥߪℂቇ࡮Ꮏቇ⊛⸃᣿߇ਛᔃߢ޽ࠅ‫ⵍޟޔ‬ἴ⠪߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦἴ
ኂࠍฃߌᱛ߼࡮ਸ਼ࠅಾߞߡ޿ߞߚߩ߆‫ޟޠ‬ᰴߦἴኂ߇⿠߈ߚߣ߈ߦࠃࠅലᨐ⊛ߥ↢ᵴౣᑪߦ⚿߮ߟߌࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫⥄ޔ‬ഥ࡮౒ഥ࡮౏ഥ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢ૗ࠍߒߡ޿ߌ߫ࠃ޿ߩ߆‫ੱޟߚߞ޿ߣޠ‬㑆ߩᓳ⥝‫ߦޠ‬ὶὐࠍ޽ߡߚ⎇ⓥߪ‫ޔ‬㒋␹࡮᷆〝ᄢ㔡ἴએ㒠ߪߓ߼ߡ਎⇇ߢᵈ⋡ߐࠇߚಽ㊁ߢ޽ࠅ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥ⠪߽ࠊߕ߆ߢ⎇ⓥታ❣߽ዋߥ޿‫ޕ‬
2004 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 26 ᣣ‫ޔ‬M9.0 ߣ޿߁⿥Ꮒᄢ࿾㔡߇ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ࡮ࠬࡑ࠻࡜ᴒߦߡ⊒↢ߒߚ‫ޕ‬৻⇟ⵍኂ߇ᄢ߈߆ߞߚࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ࡮ࠬࡑ࠻࡜ፉ࡮ࠕ࠴ࠚᎺߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᱫ⠪࡮ⴕᣇਇ᣿
⠪޽ࠊߖߡ 24 ਁੱࠍ⿥߃ߚ‫ࠚ࠴ࠕޕ‬Ꮊߩਛᔃߢ޽ࠆࡃࡦ࠳࡮ࠕ࠴ࠚᏒߢߪᐔဋ 14m ߩᵤᵄ߇ᶏጯࠍⷅ޿‫ޔ‬ᱫ⠪࡮ⴕᣇਇ᣿⠪ߣ߽ߦ⸘᷹ਇ⢻ߩ⁁ᘒߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ↰ਛ㊀ᅢ࡮
ᧁ᧛⃍᰷ߪ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⑼ቇ⊛ⷞὐߦߚߜ‫ⵍޔ‬ἴ⠪߳ߩ᭴ㅧൻࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯⺞ᩏࠍㅢߒߡ‫ߗߥޟޔ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߥᄢ߈ߥⵍኂ߇⊒↢ߒߚߩ߆‫ⵍޟޠ‬ἴ⠪ߪᵤᵄࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦฃߌᱛ߼ߡ޿ࠆߩ߆‫ޠ‬‫↢ߪࠖ࠹࠾ࡘࡒࠦޟ‬ᵴౣᑪߦ߅޿ߡߤߩࠃ߁ߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߆‫ޔߡ޿ߟߦ╬ޠ‬ᣣᧄߣࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕߩᢥൻ⊛࡮ᱧผ⊛⢛᥊ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߥ߇ࠄ⸃᣿ߒ‫⚿ߩߘޔ‬ᨐࠍᣣᧄ࡮ࠗࡦ࠼
ࡀࠪࠕਔ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ㒐ἴኻ╷ߦᓎ┙ߡࠆߎߣࠍᦨ⚳⊛ߥ⋡⊛ߣߔߴߊᧄ⺞ᩏ࿅ߦෳടߒߚ‫ޕ‬࿑  5[KCJ-WCNC ᄢቇ 705;+# ౝߩㆱ㔍ᚲ‫ߩߎޕ‬ㆱ㔍ᚲߪቇ↢⥄ᴦળ߇ㆇ༡ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬43‫ع‬઒⺑ត⚝ဳ㧔ࡅࡘ࡯࡝ࠬ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢ㧕ߩ⃻࿾⺞ᩏ ࿾㔡߆ࠄ㧝ࡩ᦬߇⚻ㆊߒߚᤨὐߦ߅޿ߡ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⑼ቇ࠴࡯ࡓ߇ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ߳ะ߆߁ߩߦ
ߪℂ↱߇޽ߞߚ‫ޟߪࠇߘޕ‬㧝ࡩ᦬߶ߤ⚻ㆊߔࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ἴኂߣ޿߁⃻⽎ߦኻߒߡቴⷰ⊛ߦ⷗ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆⵍἴ⠪߽ᄙߊߥࠆߒ‫ޔ‬ㆱ㔍⠪ߩ↢ᵴ߽޽ࠆ⒟ᐲ⪭ߜ⌕޿ߡߊࠆߛࠈ߁(ෳ⠨㧦࿑ 1)‫੍߁޿ߣޠ‬᷹ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬‫ⵍޔ߫ߌ޿ߦᦼᤨߩ޿ࠄߊࠇߎޟ‬ἴ⠪ߩ⸥ᙘ߽㞲᣿ߛߒ‫ⵍޔ‬ἴ⠪࡮ㆱ㔍⠪ߣߒߡ᥵ࠄߒߡ޿ࠆᲤᣣߩ↢ᵴߦ߅ߌࠆ༑ᔶຟᭉߦߟ޿ߡ‫↢ޔ‬ᵴౣᑪ߳ߩᗧ᳇ㄟߺ
ߣ⺖㗴ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ᤨ⃻ޔ‬ὐߢߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ࡯ߩᓎഀߦߟ޿ߡ߽ࠝࡦ࠲ࠗࡓߢ⡞ߊߎߣ߇ߢ
߈ࠆ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬Ꮧᦸ⊛᷹ⷰߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ἴኂ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫ޔ‬㔡ἴᓟ 3࡮4 ᣣ߇ㆊ߉ߚߎࠈ߆ࠄ㔡ἴᓟ 2 ࡩ᦬ߏࠈ߹ߢࠍ‫ޟ‬ἴኂ࡙࡯࠻ࡇ
ࠕ‫ߣޠ‬๭߮‫ⵍߪߡ޿߅ߦᦼᤨߩߎޔ‬ἴ⠪߇ߘࠇ߹ߢߩ␠ળ⊛࿾૏߿ᓎഀߣߪ㑐ଥߥߊ‫ߺޟ‬ࠎߥߢᓳᣥ࡮ᓳ⥝ߦะ߆ߞߡ߇ࠎ߫ࠈ߁㧍‫ߣޠ‬ജࠍวࠊߖߡ޿ࠆᤨᦼߛߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߎޕ‬ߩᤨᦼߦⵍἴ࿾ߦⴕߌ߫‫ⵍߩޘੱޔ‬ኂߩࠃ߁ߔ߿‫߇ޘੱޔ‬ᣂߚߥᣣᏱ↢ᵴࠍขࠅᚯߔߴߊ
ᅗ㑵ߒߡ޿ࠆᆫࠍ⷗ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫⃻ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޕ‬ታ߆ࠄ‫ޟ‬ᰴߩἴኂߦኻߒߡ૗߇⺖㗴ߦߥࠆߩ߆‫ࠍޠ‬⠨߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߣ޿߁ᕁᖺ߇޽ߞߚ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ಴⊒ߦ㓙ߒߡ‫৻ޔ‬ㇱߩੱ‫ޔ߽ߡߞⴕߦࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗߦᦼᤨߩߎޟࠄ߆ޘ‬㒐ἴߦߤߩࠃ߁
ߦᵴ߆ߖࠆߩ߆߇ࠊ߆ࠄߥ޿߆ࠄⴕߊߴ߈ߢߥ޿‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߪ࿾రߩߎߣߢᚻ৻᧰ߢ޽
ࠅ‫ޔ‬㆙ߊࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕߩߎߣߦ㑐ࠊߞߡ޿ࠆᥜ߽ᔅⷐ߽ߥ޿‫ߥ߁ࠃ߁޿ߣޠ‬ᗧ⷗߽޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ߒ߆ߒ‫ߦ߁ࠃߩߤ੹ޡޟޔ‬ᵴ߆ߖࠆߩ߆߇ࠊ߆ࠄߥ޿‫৻ޔ߽ߡߞ޿ߣޢ‬૕޿ߟߦߥߞߚࠄ㒐ἴߦᵴ߆ߖࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆߩ߆ߩ᣿⏕ߥ╵߃ߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬㒐ἴߩࠃ߁ߥࡈࡠࡦ࠹ࠖࠕߩಽ㊁ߦ߅ߌࠆ⺖㗴ߪ‫ޔ‬ᶖᭂ⊛ߥᆫ൓ߢߓߞߣߒߡ޿ࠆࠃࠅ߽‫ࠄ߆ࠄߜߎޔ‬಴߆ߌߡ޿߈໧㗴ࠍ⥄ಽߚߜߩᚻߢតߒߛߔᆫ൓߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟޠ‬ฬฎደߩ㒐ἴࠍ⠨߃ࠆߦߪ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደߩߎߣߛߌࠍ
⷗ߡ޿ߡ߽᳿ߒߡቢᚑߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥߊ‫ࠈߒ߻ޔ‬᭽‫ߥޘ‬࿾ၞ࡮ᢥൻ․ᕈߦ߅ߌࠆἴኂࠍᲧセᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫ߡ߼ߓߪޔ‬ฬฎደ߇ขࠅᓧࠆߴ߈⺖㗴߇⷗ߟ߆ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆‫ޠ‬ߣ޿߁⚿⺰ߦ㆐ߒߡ‫ߣ߳ࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬಴⊒ߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬‫߫ࠇߌߥߒࠍ᦭౒ߩࠢ࡯ࡢࡓ࡯࡟ࡈع‬ඨ᭴ㅧൻࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ߪߢ߈ߥ޿ ߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ⚻✲߇޽ߞߚ߽ߩߩ‫ޔ‬2005 ᐕ 2 ᦬ 5 ᣣ㨪13 ᣣ߹ߢ‫੹ޔ‬࿁ߩἴኂߢᦨᄢߩⵍኂ
ࠍⵍߞߚࠬࡑ࠻࡜ፉࠕ࠴ࠚᎺ࡮ࡃࡦ࠳ࠕ࠴ࠚᏒߦ߅޿ߡ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ฬᄢ 6 ฬ‫࠼ࡦࡃޔ‬ࡦᎿ⑼ᄢቇ 1 ฬߩ⺞ᩏ࿅ࠍ⚿ᚑߒ‫⃻ޔ‬࿾ߩ࿖┙ᄢቇߢ޽ࠆ Syiah Kuala ᄢቇ(UNSYIA)ߩ
⎇ⓥ⠪ߣදജߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ߗߥޟޔ‬ᵤᵄ߇⊒↢ߒߚߩ߆‫⥄߁޿ߣޠ‬ὼ⑼ቇ⊛ߥⷞὐߣ‫ޟޔ‬࿾ၞߩ㒐ἴജࠍߤ߁㜞߼ࠆ߆‫␠߁޿ߣޠ‬ળ⑼ቇ⊛ߥⷞὐߩਔᣇࠍᜬߜߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᵤᵄ࡮࿾Ზᄌേ⺞ᩏߣⵍἴ⠪߳ߩ⡞߈ขࠅ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ↰ਛ㊀ᅢ࡮ᧁ᧛⃍᰷ߪ‫␠ޟ‬ળ⑼ቇ࠴࡯ࡓ‫ޔߡߒߣޠ‬ᵤᵄⵍἴ⠪ߦኻߔࠆඨ᭴ㅧൻࠗࡦ࠲
ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ඨ᭴ㅧൻࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ߣߪ‫৻ޔ‬ቯߩ⾰໧ߦߒߚ߇޿㕙ធࠍㅴ߼ߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ኻ⽎⠪ߩ⁁ᴫ߿࿁╵ߦᔕߓߡࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘࠕ࡯߇૗ࠄ߆ߩ෻ᔕࠍ␜ߒߚࠅ‫⾰ޔ‬໧ߩ⴫⃻‫ޔ‬㗅ᐨ‫ޔ‬ౝኈߥߤࠍ⥃ᯏᔕᄌߦᄌ߃ࠆߎߣߩߢ߈ࠆࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ᣇᴺߢ޽ࠆ(଻ဈ44ઁ(2000))‫↰ޕ‬ਛ࡮ᧁ᧛ߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߢ⊒↢ߒߚἴኂⵍἴ⠪߳ߩࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯⺞ᩏߪᄙߊⴕ
ߞߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᶏᄖߦ߅޿ߡߪ߶ߣࠎߤⴕߞߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬੹࿁ߩࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍⴕ߁㓙ߦߪ‫⊛⺆⸒ޔ‬໧㗴(⃻࿾ߪ౏↪⺆ߢ޽ࠆࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ⺆ߣ‫ޔ‬ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ⺆ߣߪోߊ⇣ߥࠆ⸒⺆૕♽ࠍ߽ߟ࿾రߩࠕ࠴ࠚ⺆߇૬↪ߒߡ↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ)ߣ‫ޔ‬ᢥൻ࡮ቬᢎ⊛໧㗴㧔ࠕ࠴ࠚᎺߪ‫ ߷߶ޔ‬100%ࠗࠬ࡜ࡓᢎᓤߢ޽ࠅ‫ߢࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬໑৻
ࠗࠬ࡜ࡓᴺ߇ㆡ↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ࿾ၞߢ޽ࠆ㧕ߩ 2 ߟߩᄢ߈ߥო߇޽ߞߚ‫ࡦࡃޔߦ߼ߚߩߘޕ‬࠼ࡦᎿ⑼ᄢቇߢ᡽ᴦੱ㘃ቇኾ᡹ࠍኾ᡹ߒߡ޿ࠆ Suhirman ⻠Ꮷߣ‫⃻ޔ‬࿾ Syiah Kuala ᄢቇߢㄘᬺ⚻ᷣቇࠍኾ᡹ߒߡ޿ࠆ Fajri ㄘቇㇱ㐳㧛ᢎ᝼ߣදജߒߡࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯⺞ᩏࠍⴕ߁㓙ߦߪ‫߇ࠢ࡯ࡢࡓ࡯࡟ࡈ࡮࡯ࡘࡆ࠲ࡦࠗޔ‬ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫⺧↳ޕ‬⠪߇㒋␹࡮᷆〝ᄢ㔡ἴࠍ੐଀ߣߒߡⴕߞߚ⎇ⓥߥߤߦࠃࠅ‫ⵍޔ‬ἴ⠪ߩᗧ⼂࡮ⴕേߩၮᧄߣߥ
ࠆᔃℂ⊛ᤨ㑆ߪኻᢙゲ਄ߦዷ㐿ߒ‫ޔ‬10 ᤨ㑆‫ޔ‬100 ᤨ㑆‫ޔ‬1000 ᤨ㑆ߣ޿ߞߚ▵⋡ߩᤨ㑆߇ᗧ⼂࡮ⴕേߩォ឵ὐߣߥࠆߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬࿁ߪߘߩ⠨߃ߦၮߠ߈‫ߦࠚ࠴ࠕޔ‬߅ߌࠆⵍἴ࿾⺞ᩏࠍ〯߹߃ߥ߇ࠄࡈ࡟࡯ࡓࡢ࡯ࠢࠍ⸳⸘ߒ‫ޔ‬5 ࡈࠚ࡯ࠬߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬7 ᄢ㗄⋡࡮
20 ਛዊ㗄⋡ߩ⾰໧ࠍ⸳ቯߒߚ‫ࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔߡ޿ߟߦࠢ࡯ࡢࡓ࡯࡟ࡈߩߎޕ‬஥ߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߣᱧผᢥൻ⊛࡮ቬᢎ⊛⢛᥊ࠍ߽ߣߦ⼏⺰ߒ‫ߦ⊛⚳ᦨޔ‬วᗧߦ㆐ߒ‫ߔ᦭౒ࠍࠢ࡯ࡢࡓ࡯࡟ࡈޔ‬ࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ೋ߼ߡඨ᭴ㅧൻࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ㧔⴫ 1࡮2 ߅ࠃ߮࿑ 2㧕‫ޕ‬⴫  ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯࡮ࡈ࡟࡯ࡓࡢ࡯ࠢ㧔ᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆἴኂ⎇ⓥߩ⍮⷗ࠍ߽ߣߦ‫ࠚ࠴ࠕޔ‬ߦ߅ߌࠆᦨೋߩ㧞ᣣ㑆ߩⵍἴ࿾⺞ᩏࠍ〯߹߃ߡᧁ᧛࡮↰ਛߢ૞ᚑߒߚ㧕In te rv ie w F ra m ew o rk (ࠝ ࡝ ࠫ ࠽ ࡞ (ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ))T im eEQ

1. ࿾ 㔡 ߩ ߣ ߈
1 -1 . ࿾ 㔡 ߩ ࠁ ࠇ ࠍ ߤ ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ᗵ ߓ ߹ ߒ ߚ ߆
1 -2 . ࿾ 㔡 ߇ ⿠ ߎ ߞ ߚ ߣ ߈ ߦ ‫ ޟ‬ᵤ ᵄ ‫ ߡ ޿ ߟ ߦ ޠ‬⠨ ߃ ߹ ߒ ߚ ߆(ࠕ ࠴ ࠚ ߩ ⸒ ⪲ ߢ ᵤ ᵄ ࠍ ߤ ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ⸒ ߁ ߆ ⍮ ߞ ߡ ޿ ߹ ߔ ߆ )1 -3 . ࿾ 㔡 ߩ ࠁ ࠇ ߇ ߅ ߐ ߹ ߞ ߚ ޽ ߣ ૗ ࠍ ߒ ߹ ߒ ߚ ߆

TSUNAM I
2. ߤ ࠎ ߥ ⵍ ኂ ߦ ޽ ޿ ߹ ߒ ߚ ߆
2 -1 . ኅ ደ ߩ ⵍ ኂ
2 -1 -1 .ᵤ ᵄ ߪ ኅ ߩ ߤ ߎ ߹ ߢ ᧪ ߹ ߒ ߚ ߆
2 -1 -2 .ᧁ ㅧ ૑ ቛ ߢ ߒ ߚ ߆ 㧛 㕖 ᧁ ㅧ ૑ ቛ ߢ ߒ ߚ ߆
2 -1 -3 .૗ 㓏 ᑪ ߡ ߩ ᑪ ‛ ߢ ߒ ߚ ߆
2 -2 . ኅ ᣖ ߢ ⵍ ኂ ࠍ ฃ ߌ ߚ ᣇ ߪ ޿ ߹ ߒ ߚ ߆
2 -3 . ࿾ ၞ ߩ ࠦ ࡒ ࡘ ࠾ ࠹ ࠖ ࡯ ߦ ⵍ ኂ ߪ ޽ ࠅ ߹ ߒ ߚ ߆
2 -4 . Ფ ᣣ ߩ ߅ ઀ ੐ ߦ ⵍ ኂ ߪ ޽ ࠅ ߹ ߒ ߚ ߆

2 -4 d a y s
3. ࿾ 㔡 ࡮ ᵤ ᵄ ߩ ᓟ ߩ ᢙ ᣣ 㑆
3 -1 . ߤ ࠎ ߥ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ߒ ߹ ߒ ߚ ߆
3 -2 . ⺕ ߣ ߒ ߹ ߒ ߚ ߆
3 -3 . ߥ ߗ ߘ ߩ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ⴕ ߅ ߁ ߣ ᕁ ߞ ߚ ߩ ߢ ߔ ߆

1 -2 w e e k s
4 .ੱ ‫ ࠄ ߆ ޘ‬ฃ ߌ ߚ ᡰ េ ߦ ߟ ޿ ߡ
4 -1 . ߤ ࠎ ߥ ੱ ߆ ࠄ
4 -2 . ߤ ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߥ ᡰ េ ࠍ ฃ ߌ ߹ ߒ ߚ ߆
4 -3 . ਇ ⿷ ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ᡰ េ ߪ ޽ ࠅ ߹ ߔ ߆

N ow
1 m o n th s

5 .࿾ ၞ ߩ ࠦ ࡒ ࡘ ࠾ ࠹ ࠖ ࡯ ߦ ߟ ޿ ߡ
5 -1 . ἴ ኂ ᤨ ߦ ࿾ ၞ ߩ ࠦ ࡒ ࡘ ࠾ ࠹ ࠖ ࡯ ߪ ߤ ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߥ ᓎ ഀ ࠍ ᨐ ߚ ߒ ߡ ޿ ߹ ߒ ߚ ߆
5 -2 . ἴ ኂ ߦ ࠃ ߞ ߡ ᣂ ߒ ޿ ࠦ ࡒ ࡘ ࠾ ࠹ ࠖ ࡯ ߪ ߢ ߈ ߹ ߒ ߚ ߆
6 .ᣣ Ᏹ ↢ ᵴ ߦ ᚯ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߦ ߟ ޿ ߡ
6 -1 .૑ ࠎ ߢ ޿ ߚ ႐ ᚲ ߦ ᚯ ࠅ ߚ ޿ ߢ ߔ ߆ 㧛 ߘ ࠇ ߪ ߥ ߗ ߢ ߔ ߆
6 -2 .߽ ߣ ߩ ࿾ ၞ ߩ ࠦ ࡒ ࡘ ࠾ ࠹ ࠖ ࡯ ߦ ᚯ ࠅ ߚ ޿ ߢ ߔ ߆ 㧛 ߘ ࠇ ߪ ߥ ߗ ߢ ߔ ߆
7 .੹ ࿁ ߩ ⚻ 㛎 ࠍ ㅢ ߒ ߡ ᵤ ᵄ ߦ ߟ ޿ ߡ ߤ ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߥ ߅ ⠨ ߃ ࠍ ᜬ ߞ ߡ ޿ ߹ ߔ ߆45࿑  ⴫  ࠍ߽ߣߦ‫ޔ‬ᱧผᢥൻ⊛࡮ቬᢎ⊛⢛᥊ࠍ〯߹߃ߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬⃻࿾⎇ⓥ⠪ߣࡈ࡟࡯ࡓࡢ࡯ࠢ
ߩ౒᦭ࠍ࿑ࠆ㧔 ᦬  ᣣ 705;+#ߦߡ㧕Ꮐ߆ࠄ‫↰ޔ᧛ᧁޔ‬ਛ‫(ޔ‬CLTK‫ޔ‬5WJKTOCP‫ޔ‬ߎߎ߹ߢ߇␠ળ⑼ቇ࠴࡯ࡓ ‫)ޔ‬NGPFC ࠝࡉࠩ࡯ࡃ࡯ෳട

Time⴫  ਔ࿖⎇ⓥ⠪߇วᗧߦ

1. D u rin g/im m ed iately after th e E Q sh akin gEQ

1-1. W h ere w ere you , W h en E Q sh akin g?
1-2. H ow d id you feel abou t th e sh akin g?

ࠃߞߡ౒᦭ߐࠇߚ

1-3. D id T SU N A M I idea occu r to you im m ediately after th e E Q
sh ak in g?

ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯࡮ࡈ࡟
࡯ࡓࡢ࡯ࠢ㧔⧷⺆㧕ᢘ⒓⇛ 㧕

1-4. W h at did you d o after th e E Q ?

TSUNAMI   2. W h ere w ere you , W h en T S U N A M I com in g
3. H ow cou ld you or you r fa m ily safe from T S U N A M I?
4.. D am ages from E Q an d T S U N A M I   ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ߪߎ

4-1. H ou sin g d am age
4-1-1. H ow h igh w as T S U N A M I w h en it cam e to you r h ou se?

ߩࡈ࡟࡯ࡓࡢ࡯ࠢ

4-1-2. W ood en h ou ses or R ein forcin g bu ild in g
4-1-3. H ow m an y storiesߦᴪߞߡࠗࡦ࠼ࡀ

4-2. In ju ry to fam ily (fam ily stru ctu re)
4-3. E ffect to loca l com m u n ityࠪࠕ⺆ ৻ㇱࠕ࠴ࠚ⺆ ߢⴕࠊࠇߚ

4-4. E ffect to job/everyd a y w ork (occu p ation )1 hour-4days
5. R esp on se in 1 h ou r- 2 da ys
5-1. W h at d id you d o?
5-2. W ith w h om ?
5-3. W h y d id you d o?

2-4days
6. R esp on se in 2 -4 d ays
6-1. W h at d id you d o?
6-2. W ith w h om ?
6-3. W h y d id you d o?

1-2weeks

7.S u p p ort d u rin g recoverin g from th e d isaster7-1. W h o?
7-2. W h at k in d of su p p ort?
7-3. S h ortage

2months
8.R ole of local com m u n ity

8-1. R ole of com m u n ity you belon g to du rin g th e disaster8-2. Is th e n ew com m u n ity created by th e d isaster?
9.T h e w ay/effort to rebu ild to everyday life
9-1. D id you go back to p lace you lived before d isaster? T hereason ?
9-2. D id you go back to com m un ity you belon ged before thed isaster occu rred ? T h e reason ?
10.W h at d id you th in k a bou t T SU N A M I?

46‫ع‬ඨ᭴ㅧൻࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯⺞ᩏߩታᣉࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯⺞ᩏߪ‫⺆ࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔߡߞߣߞߩߦࠢ࡯ࡢࡓ࡯࡟ࡈߚࠇߐ᦭౒ޔ‬㧔৻ㇱࠕ࠴ࠚ⺆㧕ߢⴕߞߚ‫ੌ⚳࡯ࡘࡆ࠲ࡦࠗޕ‬ᓟߦ‫ࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬஥⎇ⓥ⠪߆ࠄ⧷⺆ߢ◲නߥ᭎ⷐߩ⺑᣿ࠍฃߌߚ‫ߪ࡯ࡘࡆ࠲ࡦࠗޕ‬ኻ⽎⠪ߩ୘ੱᏅߦ߽ࠃࠆ߇‫⾰ߩࠢ࡯ࡢࡓ࡯࡟ࡈޔ‬໧ࠍߔߴߡ⡞߈⚳ࠊࠆ߹ߢߦ‫⚂ޔ‬㧝ᤨ㑆⒟ᐲࠍⷐߒߚ(࿑ 3)‫ޕ‬ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ኻ⽎⠪ㆬቯߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬
એਅߩ 3 ὐߦߟ޿ߡਔ࿖⎇ⓥ⠪㑆ߢวᗧ߇ߥߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬㧝㧕↵ᅚหᢙߦߥࠆࠃ߁ߦㆬቯߔࠆ‫ޔ‬
㧞㧕20 ઍ㨪60 ઍ⒟ᐲ߹ߢฦᐕઍ߹ࠎߴࠎߥߊㆬቯߔࠆ‫ޔ‬㧟㧕ⵍἴᤨߦዬ૑ߒߡ޿ߚ㓸⪭߽⷏ᶏጯ߆ࠄ᧲ᶏጯ߹ߢ߹ࠎߴࠎߥߊㆬቯߔࠆ㧔৻ߟߩ㓸⪭ߦ㓸ਛߒߥ޿㧕
5WJKTOCP(CLTK

ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ኻ⽎⠪

(CLTK 5WJKTOCP↰ਛ↰ਛࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ኻ⽎⠪࿑㧟 ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ߪ 5WJKTOCP ᳁ ࡔࠗࡦ ࡮(CLTK ᳁ ࠨࡉ ߦࠃߞߡⴕࠊࠇߚ
‫ߥ⋥⚛߽ߣߞ߽߇ߩ߁ⴕߢࠢࠬࡕޟ‬᳇ᜬߜߦߥࠇߡࠃ޿‫ ߁޿ߣޠ‬5WJKTOCP ᳁ߩഥ⸒㧔ߎࠇߪࠗࠬ࡜ࡓ࿤ߩᏱ⼂ࠄߒ޿㧕߽޽ࠅ‫߽࡯ࡘࡆ࠲ࡦࠗࠆࠇࠊⴕߢࠢࠬࡕޔ‬ᄙ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬․ߦ㧟㧕ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ዋߥߊߣ߽⺞ᩏ࿅߇⸰ࠇߚࠕ࠴ࠚߩㆱ㔍ᚲߢߪ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߦࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ߇߹ࠆߏߣ㧝ߟߩㆱ㔍ᚲߦ⒖േߒߡ޿ࠆ଀߇߶ߣࠎߤߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬㧝ߟߩㆱ㔍ᚲߩߺߢࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍⴕ߁ߣ‫ૃޔ‬ㅢߞߚ࿾ၞߩⵍἴ⠪߫߆ࠅࠍࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ߔࠆෂ㒾ᕈ߇޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ߘߩߚ߼‫߁ⴕࠍ࡯ࡘࡆ࠲ࡦࠗޔ‬㓙ߦߪ‫ࠚ࠴ࠕ࠳ࡦࡃޔ‬Ꮢ㇠ᄖࠍ฽߼ߡᏒౝߩߐ߹ߑ߹ߥㆱ
㔍ᚲߢࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬࿾రߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߣ౒ห⎇ⓥࠍߒߚߎߣ߽޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬࿾ߩ೑ࠍᵴ߆
ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖ੱ࡮ࠕ࠴ࠚ಴り⠪એᄖߩੱ㑆ߢߪߥ߆ߥ߆౉ࠅㄟ߻ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߥ࿾ర
࿾ၞߩㆱ㔍ᚲߦ߅޿ߡ߽ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ‫ ߪ࡯ࡘࡆ࠲ࡦࠗޕ‬2 ᦬ 9 ᣣ㨪11ᣣ߹ߢߩ 3 ᣣ㑆ߦᷰߞߡ‫ ⸘ޔ‬11 ઙߩࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬

47࿑㧠 ౮⌀Ꮐ㧦ᴪጯㇱ ᅏ߇ᶏ ‫ޔ‬ᵤᵄߦࠃߞߡ૑ቛⴝߪߐࠄࠊࠇ㆏〝ߒ߆ᱷߞߡ޿ߥ޿   ౮⌀ฝ㧦ᶏጯ߆ࠄ MO ߶ߤ㔌ࠇߚߣߎࠈ‫ޔ‬ᵤᵄߢᵹߐࠇߚⅽ␕࡮ዊဳ⦁ߣᳪᵆߩ
ጊߦߥߞߡ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬૑ቛኒ㓸࿾ߛߞߚߎߩ࿾ߩᓳᣥߩ⋡ㅜߪߚߞߡ޿ߥ޿

࿑㧡 ౮⌀Ꮐ㧦ㆱ㔍ᚲߩㆇ༡ᚲ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢⥄ᴦ⚵❱߇ㆇ༡ߒߡ޿ࠆ   ౮⌀ฝ㧦⸰໧ ㉼᣿ ᤨߦㆇ༡ᚲߦ޿ߚᐢႎ⽿છ⠪ ฝ┵ ‫ޔ‬ታߪ (CLTK ᳁ߩ࠯ࡒ↢ߢ޽ߞߚߚ߼੐ߥ߈ࠍᓧߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬஧ὼߦߪ (CLTK ᳁߽㛳޿ߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ࡃࡦ࠳ࠕ࠴ࠚᏒౝߪ‫ⵍޔ‬ኂߩߥ޿ౝ㒽ㇱ㧔ᶏጯ߆ࠄ 5km એ਄ౝ㒽ㇱ㧕ߢߪᣣᏱߤ߅ࠅߩ
↢ᵴ߇༡߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⷗߃ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬Ꮢߩਛᔃㇱߢ޽ࠆࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼ࡕࠬࠢ๟ㄝ㧔ᶏጯ߆ࠄ 3km߶ߤౝ㒽ㇱ㧕෸߮‫߽ࠅࠃࠇߘޔ‬ᶏጯߦㄭ޿ߣߎࠈߢߪ‫ޔ‬ଐὼߣߒߡ૑߹޿߽᥵ࠄߒ߽ߢ߈
ߥ޿⁁ᴫ߇⛯޿ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߦ․ޕ‬ᴪጯㇱߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᵤᵄ߆ࠄ 1 ࡩ᦬߇⚻ㆊߒߚ⺞ᩏᤨὐߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫ޔ‬ᵤᵄߦߔߴߡ߇ߐࠄࠊࠇߡߒ߹ߞߡⅽ␕ൻߒߡ޿ߚࠅ‫ޔ‬ⅽ␕߿ᳪᵆ߇ᐞጀߦ߽
㊀ߥߞߡ޿ߡ

ઃߌ߽࿯࿾೑↪߽ోߊߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚࠅߣ޿߁⁁ᴫߢ޽ߞߚ(࿑ 4)‫ޕ‬ㆱ㔍ᚲߪᏒౝߩ޿ߚࠆߣߎࠈߦ޽ࠅ‫ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ㆱ㔍ᚲߦࠃߞߡㆇ༡Უ૕߇㆑ߞߡ޿ߚ‫ࠗޔߦ․ޕ‬ࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕߩᄢቇቇ↢⥄ᴦ⚵❱߇‫⋥ޔ‬ធ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖᡽ᐭ߿ NPO࡮NGO ߆ࠄߩᡰេࠍฃߌߡㆇ
༡ߒߡ޿ࠆㆱ㔍ᚲ߇޽ࠅ‫ߪߢߎߘޔ‬ቇ↢߇⥄ࠄࡄ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞㓌ຬߣߥߞߡ⥄ᴦࠍ቞ߞߡ޿ࠆ
ߣߎࠈ߽޽ߞߚ‫ࠆ޽ޕ‬ㆱ㔍ᚲߢߪ‫࠻ࠬ࡝ࠠޟ‬ᢎ♽ߩ⚵❱߇ൎᚻߦ౉ࠅߎࠎߢ‫ޔ‬ᒝᒁߥᏓᢎ

48

ᵴേࠍߒߡ޿ࠆ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ས(࠺ࡑ㧫)߇㘧߮੤ߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠅ‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏਛߦࡄ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞㓌ຬߦࠃߞߡ⹣໧ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ㆇ༡੐ോዪߦ㉼᣿ࠍߒߦⴕߊߎߣ߽޽ߞߚ(࿑ 5)‫ޕ‬࿾రߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߣ౒ห૞ᬺࠍߒߡ޿ߚߚ߼ߦ੐ߥ߈ࠍᓧߚ߇‫߇ࠇߎޟޔ‬ᄖ࿖ੱߩߺ(ࠕ࠴ࠚ಴り⠪એᄖߩߺ)ߢ޽ߞ
ߚࠄߎ߁ߪ޿߆ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߚߒߣ࠶ࡎߣޠ‬႐㕙߽޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬‫⺞࡯ࡘࡆ࠲ࡦࠗع‬ᩏߩౝኈ ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ߪ⸘ 11 ઙⴕࠊࠇߚ߇‫ߦࠢ࡯ࡢࡓ࡯࡟ࡈ࡮࡯ࡘࡆ࠲ࡦࠗޔ‬ᴪߞߚ⹦⚦ߥಽᨆߪ੹ᓟⴕߞߡ޿ߊ੍ቯߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄ஥⎇ⓥ⠪߽‫ੌ⚳࡯ࡘࡆ࠲ࡦࠗޔ‬ᓟߦ⧷⺆ߢ◲නߥ⺑᣿ߒ߆ฃߌߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫ޔ‬ਅ⸥ߪ⧷⺆ߢߩ⺑᣿ࠍᣣᧄ⺆ߦ⸶ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ஥⎇ⓥ⠪ߣߩ߿ࠅߣࠅߢ಴᧪਄߇ߞߡߊࠆ⹦⚦ߥ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߣᾖࠄߒ޽ࠊߖߚᤨ
ߦ੐ታߣ㘩޿㆑߁น⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆߎߣࠍᦨೋߦ⸥ߒߡ߅ߊ‫ޕ‬ ߎߎߢߪ 11 ઙߩࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ߩਛ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ශ⽎⊛ߥ 3 ઙࠍߣࠅ޽ߍࠆ㧔ߥ߅೎ߩ 1 ઙߦߟ޿ߡ‫↰ޔ‬ਛ㊀ᅢᢎ᝼ߩ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߢขࠅ਄ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧕‫ޕ‬ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯㧝㧔࿑ 㧕㧦 ࡝ࠠߐࠎ‫ޕ‬46 ᱦ↵ᕈ‫ࠚ࠴ࠕ࡮࠳ࡦࡃޕ‬Ꮢߩᴪጯㇱ㧔ႎ๔ᦠ⴫⚕ߩ౮⌀ઃㄭ㧕ߩᧁㅧ૑ቛ
ߦኅᣖ 6 ੱ㧔ᆄ࡮ᕷሶ 2 ੱ࡮ᆷ 3 ੱ㧕ߢ૑ࠎߢ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬࡝ࠠߐࠎߪ࠻࡜࠶ࠢㆇォᚻࠍߒߡ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬࿾㔡ᤨߦߪᏒߩਛᔃㇱߩᏒ႐ߦ޿ߚ߇‫ޔ‬࿾㔡ߩࠁࠇࠍᗵߓߡኅᣖߩߎߣ߇᳇ߦߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ᕆ޿ߢ⥄ቛߩ޽ࠆᴪጯㇱ߳ߣะ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᴪጯㇱ߳Ꮻߞߚߩߪ࿾㔡ߢ㛳޿ߚ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠅ‫߆ߐ߹ޔ‬ᵤᵄ߇᧪ࠆߣߪߎߩߣ߈ᄞߦ߽ᕁࠊߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߒޕ‬߆ߒ⥄ቛߦᚯࠆㅜਛ‫ޔ‬ᄢ߈ߥᵄ߇ᶏጯ߆ࠄ߿ߞߡߊࠆߩࠍ⷗ߡ‫⊓ߓࠃߦᧁߩ࠷࠶࠽ࠦࠦޔ‬ࠅ‫ߩᧁޔ‬਄߆ࠄ⥄ಽߩ㓸⪭߿⥄ಽߩኅᣖ߇૑ࠎߢ޿ࠆኅ߇ᵤᵄߦࠃߞߡᵹߐࠇߡ޿ߊߩࠍ
⋡ߩᒰߚࠅߦߒߚ‫⥄ޕ‬ಽએᄖߩኅᣖ 5 ฬߪᧂߛߦⴕᣇਇ᣿ߩ߹߹ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⃻࿷ߪࡃࡦ࠳࡮ࠕ࠴ࠚᏒౝߩㆱ㔍ᚲߢ↢ᵴߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ㆱ㔍ᚲߦ߅ߌࠆ㓸⪭ߩ߹ߣ߼ᓎߩ
ࠃ߁ߥߎߣࠍߒߡ޿ߡ‫ߩ⾗‛ޔ‬㈩⛎ߩㅪ⛊ࠍߒߚࠅ‫ߦ⺣⋧ߩޘੱߩઁޔ‬ਸ਼ߞߚࠅߒߡ޿ࠆ
߇‫߽ߦᤨߥࠎߘޔ‬ኅᣖߩߎߣ߇ߕߞߣᔃ߆ࠄ㔌ࠇߥ޿߹߹ߢ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ᤨ߽‫ߩ⾗‛ߤ߁ࠂߜޔ‬㈩⛎߇޽ߞߚᤨߢ‫ⵍߩઁޔ‬ἴ⠪߇㈩⛎ߩ೉ߦਗࠎߢ޿
ߚߩߦኻߒ‫ࠅ⁛ߪߌߛࠎߐࠠ࡝ޔ‬㔌ࠇߚߣߎࠈߦ߸ߟࠎߣ┙ߞߡ޿ߚ‫ߦ࡯ࡘࡆ࠲ࡦࠗޕ‬ᔕߓߡߊߛߐߞߚ㓙ߦ߽‫ߛ߹ޟ‬ᔃߩᢛℂ߇ߟ޿ߡ޿ߥ޿ߩߢ‫⥄ޔ‬ಽߩ⁁ᴫࠍ᷆‫ߣߎߔ⹤ߣޘ‬ߒ߆ߢ߈ߥ޿‫⁁߁޿ߣޠ‬ᘒߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯㧞㧔࿑ 㧕㧦 ࡑ࠳࡝࠽ߐࠎ‫ࠚ࠴ࠕ࡮࠳ࡦࡃޕ‬Ꮢ߆ࠄዋߒߪߕࠇߚ⷏ᶏጯߦ૑ࠎߢ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬㓸⪭ߪ 1 ਁੱ߶ߤߢ‫ޔ‬㓸⪭ߩᓟ⢛ߪጊߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߪࠎߐ࠽࡝࠳ࡑޕ‬࿾㔡ߩ޽ߣ‫ޔ‬‫⥄ޟ‬േ⊛ߦ‫ޠ‬ㄭߊߦ޿ߚሶߤ߽ࠍዊ⣁ߦ߆߆߃ߡ‫ޔ‬ጊߩᣇ߳⿛ߞߡ޿ߞߚ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬ᓐᅚߩ↢߹ࠇ⢒ߞߚ㓸⪭߇ᵄߦࠃߞߡߔߴߡήߊߥߞߡ޿ߊࠃ߁ߔࠍ‫ޔ‬ጊߩ਄߆ࠄ⷗ࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ጊߦㅏߍߚߩߪ

49࿑㧢 ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯㧝㧔࡝ࠠߐࠎ㧕࿑㧣 ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯㧞㧔ࡑ࠳࡝࠽ߐࠎ Ꮐ౮⌀࡮⍫ශߩᅚᕈ㧕50 ੱ߶ߤߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᱷࠅߩ 9950 ੱߪᵤᵄߦࠃߞߡ㘶ߺㄟ߹ࠇߚ‫ߗߥޟޕ‬ጊߦ⿛ߞߡ޿ߞ

ߚߩ߆ߪࠊ߆ࠄߥ޿‫ߊ߆ߦߣޟ ޕ߁⸒ߪࠎߐ࠽࡝࠳ࡑߣޠ‬࿾㔡ߩ޽ߣ‫⥄ޡ‬േ⊛‫ߦޢ‬ጊߦะ߆ߞߡ⿛ߞߡ޿ߞߚ‫ޕޠ‬ ߘߩᓟ‫ޔ‬ጊߦㅏߍᑧ߮ߚ 50 ੱߪ‫ޔ‬᳓߇ᒁ߆ߥ߆ߞߚߎߣ߽޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬2 ᣣ㑆ጊߩਛߢ㘶߹ߕ㘩ࠊߕߩ⁁ᘒߢߔߏߒߚ‫ޕ‬3 ᣣ⋡ߦᄖ߆ࠄ߿ߞߡ߈ߚੱ(⺕ߛ߆ࠊ߆ࠄߕ)߇㓸⪭ߩੱ‫ࠍޘ‬ㆱ㔍ᚲ߳ߣㅪࠇߡ޿ߞߡߊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ᓐᅚߩኅᣖߪ 10 ੱߛ߇‫ޔ‬6 ੱ߇ᱫࠎߢ 4 ੱ߇↢߈ᱷߞߚ‫ߪߜߚ⑳ޟߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᐘߖ‫ࡑߣޠ‬࠳࡝࠽ߐࠎߪ⸒߁‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬ㄭᚲߩੱߪߔߴߡᱫࠎߢߒ߹ߞߚ‫ߦࠇߘޕ‬Ყߴࠇ߫ 6 ੱߒ߆੢ߊߥࠄ
ߥ߆ߞߚ⑳ߚߜߪ‫ߦ࡯࡜ࠕޔ‬ᗵ⻢ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕޠ‬50ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯㧟㧔࿑ 㧕㧦 ࡕࡂࡑ࡮ࡓࠬࡑࡦߐࠎ‫ޕ‬59 ᱦ࡮↵ᕈ‫ޕ‬⡯ᬺߪᢎᏧ(⃻࿷ߪ⋥ធቇ↢ࠍᜰዉߔࠆ┙႐ߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ᆔຬળߩᆔຬ㐳ߩࠃ߁ߥ⡯)ࠍߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠚ࠴ࠕ࡮࠳ࡦࡃޕ‬Ꮢߩ⷏┵ߩ㓸⪭(⷏ᶏጯㄭߊ)ߦ૑ࠎߢ޿ߚ‫⥄ޕ‬ቛߪ㋕㛽ߩ 2 㓏ᑪߡߩᑪ‛ߛߞߚ‫ޕ‬࿾㔡ᤨߦߪኅᣖ 5 ੱ(ᆄ࡮ᕷሶ 3 ੱ࡮ᆷ 1 ੱ)߽฽߼⥄ቛߦ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬2 ࿁⋡ߩ࿾㔡ߩ޽ߣ‫ޔ‬᳓߇ᶏ߆ࠄ߿ߞߡߊࠆߩ߇⷗߃ߚ‫ޔߢߎߘޕ‬ゞ(ᆄ࡮ᕷሶ 2 ੱ)ߣࡃࠗࠢ 2 บ(ᕷሶ࡮ᆷ)ߦࠊ߆
ࠇߡ‫ߊ߆ߦߣޔ‬᳓ߩ᧪ߡ޿ߥ޿ౝ㒽ㇱ߳ౝ㒽ㇱ߳ߣㅏߍߡ޿ߞߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬㓸⪭ߪ‫⷏ޔ‬ᶏጯߣർ᧲ߩࡃࡦ࠳࡮ࠕ࠴ࠚᏒᴪጯ߆ࠄߩᵤᵄ߇วᵹߒߚ࿾ၞߢ޽ࠅ‫ࠍࠢࠬࡕޔ‬㒰޿ߡߔߴߡ߇
⎕უߐࠇߡߒ߹ߞߚ(࿑ 8 ߩࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯႐ᚲ߇ᱷߞߚࡕࠬࠢ‫ޔ‬࿑ 9 ߪⴡᤊ↹௝ߢ⷗ߚ㓸⪭๟ㄝ⁁ᴫ)‫ޕ‬㓸⪭ߪᵤᵄᤨߦߪ 2000 ੱ޿ߚ߇‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߪ 670 ੱ߇↢߈ᱷߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬ゞ࡮ࡃࠗࠢߦਸ਼ߞߚߚ߼ߦᚒ‫ߪޘ‬ഥ߆ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ‫߆ߒޕ߁⸒ߪࠎߐࡦࡑࠬࡓߣޠ‬ߒࡓࠬࡑࡦߐࠎߩኅᣖ߽ 1 ੱ੢ߊߥߞߚ‫ߢࠢࠗࡃߪࠇߘޕ‬ㅏߍߚᆷߐࠎߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᆷߐࠎߪࡃࠗࠢߢㅏߍࠆㅜਛ‫ޔ‬ᔓࠇ‛ࠍߣࠅߦౣ߮ኅߦᚯߞߚߣ޿߁‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬ᆷߪᄢቇࠍ಴ߚ߫߆ࠅߢ‫ޔ‬వ↢ߦߥࠆߩ߇ᄞߛߞߚ‫ޕ‬ㅏߍࠆᦨਛߦᄢቇߩቇ૏⸥ࠍᜬߞߡߊࠆߩࠍᔓࠇߡ‫ޔ‬ኅߦขࠅߦᏫߞߚߣߎࠈࠍᵤᵄߦ߿ࠄࠇߡߒ߹ߞߚ‫ޟޕޠ‬ሶߤ߽ߚߜߩਛߢ‫ߡ߼ߓߪޔ‬ᄢቇࠍ಴ߚሶ
ߤ߽ߢ‫߽߆ߒޔ‬వ↢ߦߥࠆߎߣ߇ࠃ߶ߤ߁ࠇߒ߆ߞߚߩߛࠈ߁‫ࠄ߆ߛޕ‬ቇ૏⸥ࠍߤ߁ߒߡ
߽ᜬߞߡⴕ߈ߚ߆ߞߚߩ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫ޕޠ‬⃻࿷ߪ‫ޔ‬ᱷߞߚࡕࠬࠢߩ๟ࠅߦ࠹ࡦ࠻߇ᒛࠅᎼࠄߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ㆱ㔍ᚲߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ࡦࡑࠬࡓޕ‬ߐࠎ߽ߘߩਛߦ૑ࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㓸⪭ߩ㐳(GEUCHIK ࠣ࠴)ߪ੹ߪߎߩ႐ᚲߦߪ૑ࠎߢ޿ߥ޿
߇‫ߦ․ߢߩࠆࠇߊߡࠇ⸰߫ߒ߫ߒޔ‬ਇḩߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬







࿑㧤 ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯㧟㧔ࡓࡂࡑ࡮ࡓࠬࡑࡦߐࠎ㧕

51ࡃࡦ࠳࡮ࠕ࠴ࠚਛᔃㇱߎߩ㓸⪭㧔౞ਛᔃㇱߩࡕࠬࠢߒ߆ᱷࠄߥ߆ߞߚ㧕

ᵤᵄ

ᵤᵄ

ߎߩㄝ
߽ߣߪ
↰ࠎ߷

࿑㧥 㓸⪭ߣᵤᵄⵍኂߩ㑐ଥ‫੹ع‬ᓟߩዷ㐿㧦⛮⛯⊛ߥ⺞ᩏߢ‫✚ޔ‬วቇⴚ⎇ⓥ࡮࿖㓙⽸₂ࠍ⋡ᜰߔ ੹ᓟߩዷ㐿ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬એਅߩ 2 ὐߩߎߣࠍ⸘↹ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
1 ὐ⋡ߪ‫⺞࡯ࡘࡆ࠲ࡦࠗޔ‬ᩏߦࠃߞߡ‫ⵍޟ‬ἴ⠪߇ἴኂࠍߤ߁ฃߌᱛ߼ߡ޿ࠆߩ߆‫ߎߘޟޠ‬߆ࠄߤߩࠃ߁ߦ┙ߜ⋥ࠈ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߆‫ߦ߁ࠃߩߤߪࠖ࠹࠾ࡘࡒࠦޟޠ‬௛޿ߡ޿ࠆߩ߆‫ޠ‬ߣ޿߁⍮⷗࡮ᢎ⸠ࠍᢛℂ࡮૕♽ൻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ࡮ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕਔ࿖‫⻉ߪߦᦝޔ‬ᄖ࿖ߦᐢߊ⊒ାߒ‫ߩޘੱޔ‬࿾㔡ᵤᵄㅪᗐߣ㒐ἴ߳ߩᗧ⼂ะ਄ࠍ࿑ࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࡃࡦ࠳࡮ࠕ࠴ࠚߩ⺞ᩏߦࠃߞߡ‫ߣ߽ߣ߽ߪࠚ࠴ࠕޟޔ‬ㇺᏒ᭴ㅧ⊛ߦᵤᵄߣ޿߁ᄖജࠍᗐቯ
ߒߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒߩਛᔃ࿾ၞ࡮ዬ૑࿾ၞ߹ߢⵍኂ࿾ၞߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠊ߇ߣߎޠ‬߆ߞߚ‫ޟߚ߹ޕ‬ᵤᵄߣ޿߁੐⽎߇વᛚߐࠇߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚߚ߼ߦㆱ㔍ⴕേ߇⊒േߐࠇߕ‫ޔ‬ᶏጯᴪ޿ߩ㓸⪭ߢߪイਗߺ↢ሽ⠪₸ 10㧑એਅߢ޽ߞߚ‫⺞࡯ࡘࡆ࠲ࡦ߽ࠗߣߎޠ‬ᩏߦࠃߞߡ᣿
ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ਛߢⵍኂࠍฃߌߚⵍἴ⠪߇‫ޟ‬ἴኂࠍߤ߁ߣࠄ߃‫ޟޠ‬უṌ⊛ߥⵍኂ߆ࠄߤߩࠃ߁ߦ┙ߜ⋥ࠈ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߆‫߁޿ߣޠ‬⍮⷗࡮ᢎ⸠ߦߟ޿ߡ਎⇇ߦᐢߊ⊒ାߒߡ޿ߊߎߣߢ‫ߩޘੱޔ‬࿾㔡ᵤᵄㅪᗐ㧔࿾㔡߇⿠߈ߚࠄᵤᵄࠍᕁ޿಴ߔ⹺⍮᭴ㅧ㧕ࠍ᭴▽ߒ‫ޔ‬㒐ἴߦኻߔࠆᗧ⼂ะ਄ߦነਈߔࠆߎߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬52⃻࿷‫࡯ࡘࡆ࠲ࡦࠗޔ‬ౝኈߪ‫⃻ޔ‬࿾ UNSYIA ߩදജࠍᓧߡࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ⺆ߢ࠹࡯ࡊ⿠ߎߒ
ࠍߒߡ߽ࠄߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ේⓂࠍᦝߦ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߦ޿ࠆࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ⇐ቇ↢ߩදജߩ߽ߣߦᣣ
ᧄ⺆ߦ⠡⸶ߔࠆ੍ቯߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬⍮⷗࡮ᢎ⸠ࠍࠊ߆ࠅ߿ߔ޿ᒻߢ߹ߣ߼‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߣࠗࡦ࠼ࡀ
ࠪࠕਔ࿖ߦ߅޿ߡᦠ☋╬ߩ߆ߚߜߢᐢߊ⊒ାࠍߒߡ޿߈ߚ޿‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬Suhirman ᳁ߩදജߩ
߽ߣ‫ߩࠢ࡯ࡢࡓ࡯࡟ࡈ࡮࡯ࡘࡆ࠲ࡦࠗޔ‬ฦ⸳໧ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ဳ࡞࠮ࠢࠛޔ‬ᑼߢ߹ߣ߼ߡ߽ࠄߞ
ߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬⍮⷗ߦߟ޿ߡ߽␠ળ⛔⸘ቇ⊛ߥಽᨆࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߢ‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ⊛ߥ⍮⷗߳ߣ᣹⪇ߐߖߡ޿߈ߚ޿‫ޕ‬
2 ὐ⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬หߓⵍἴ⠪ߦ⛮⛯⊛ߦࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㐳ᦼ⊛ߥᓳᣥ࡮ᓳ⥝ㆊ⒟ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠬࡑ࠻࡜ᴒ࿾㔡ߩࠃ߁ߥუṌ⊛ߥᏂᄢἴኂߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᵤᵄߦࠃࠆࠗࡦࡄࠢ࠻ߪ⍍㑆⊛࡮⍴ᤨ㑆ߛߌߢߪߥߊ‫ࠄ߆ߎߘޔ‬ㇺᏒ࡮⚻ᷣ࡮↢ᵴࠍౣᑪߐߖߡ޿ߊ߹ߢߩᓳᣥ࡮ᓳ⥝ㆊ⒟ߪᐕන૏ߩ㐳ᦼߦࠊߚࠆߎߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫⺞ޔ߼ߚߩߎޕ‬ᩏߪ⍴ᦼ㑆ߢ⚳ੌߔࠆߩߢ
ߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬㐳ᦼߦࠊߚߞߡ⛮⛯⊛ߦᓳᣥ࡮ᓳ⥝ㆊ⒟ࠍㅊߞߡ޿ߊߎߣ߇‫ޔ‬ᵤᵄἴኂ߿ᵤᵄἴኂߦ߅ߌࠆ㒐ἴߩో૕௝ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆ໑৻ߩᣇᴺߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ⷰὐ߆ࠄ⺞ᩏ࿅ߪ‫ޔ‬㐳ᦼߦࠊߚߞߡ⛮⛯ߒߡ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥࠍⴕ߁ߎߣࠍ⸘↹ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫␠ޕ‬ળ⑼ቇ࠴࡯ࡓߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫߇╬࠼ࡦࠔࡈޔ‬ᓧࠄࠇࠇ߫ࡃࡦ࠳࡮ࠕ࠴ࠚࠍቯᦼ⊛ߦ⸰ࠇ‫ߥ⊛⛯⛮ޔ‬ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯⺞ᩏࠍⴕ߁ߎߣࠍ⸘↹ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬೨࿁⺞ᩏߩ㓙ߦࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ኻ⽎⠪ߩ૑ᚲࠍ⡞޿ߡ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬หߓⵍἴ⠪ߦ⛮⛯⊛ߦࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣࠍน⢻ߦߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬޽ࠆ㧝ੱߩੱ㑆߇ᣂߚߥᣣᏱ↢ᵴࠍ▽߈਄ߍࠆ߹ߢߩ㐳ᦼ⊛ㆊ⒟ߦߟ޿ߡ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߡ޿
߈‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬⍮⷗ࠍ߽ߣߦലᨐ⊛ߥἴኂኻᔕߩ޽ࠅᣇࠍឭ᩺ߒߡ޿߈ߚ޿‫ޕ‬ ੹ᓟ߽‫⃻ޔ‬࿾ߩࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕߩᄢቇߣදജߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫⎇ߩߎޔ‬ⓥࠍ࿖㓙౒ห⎇ⓥ࡮ᧄᩰ⊛ߥ✚วቇⴚ⺞ᩏ߳ߣ⊒ዷߐߖߚ޿ߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ෳ⠨ᢥ₂଻ဈ੧࡮ਛỈẢ࡮ᄢ㊁ᧁ⵨᣿(✬⪺), 2000,‫ޟ‬ᔃℂቇࡑ࠾ࡘࠕ࡞ 㕙ធᴺ‫ޠ‬, ർᄢ〝ᦠᚱ, 198
㗁53

５．REPORT SUMMARY of Field Survey at Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Institut Teknologi BANDUNG
Suhirman

1. Social Research Group Activities
Social research group worked in Aceh from 7 Feb. 2005 until 11 Feb. 2005. Research
activities were divided into 4 main activities:
1. Observing the earthquake and tsunami affected area, evacuation camps for refugees,
and the disaster relief organization. Observation was done in Banda Aceh City andAceh Besar District. In Banda Aceh city, researchers could explore both the tsunami
affected and unaffected areas by tsunami. Activities in Aceh Besar District werefocused in Darussalam Sub-District and Lhoknga Sub-district, which were very
seriously affected by tsunami. Researches observed refugee camp while in the sametime observed physical environment in Banda Aceh City and Aceh Besar District. To
obtain the initial information about refugee situation, the researchers came to the
refugee’s camp in the Darrusalam Mosque several times. Researchers observed thedisaster relief organizations in their respective offices and had some discussions
regarding the organization’s activities.
2. Designing interview framework. The interview framework was focused to reveal
behavior pattern of earthquake and tsunami victims during and after the disaster.
The researchers also tried to make a structure model of disaster management incommunity, refugee camp, district, and national levels. Such model will be refined
and will be confirmed through interview stage in the study.
3. Interviewing disaster victims and refugee camps organizers. Respondents among
disaster victims were 11 persons, consisted of 6 men and 5 women. Respondents
were from Darussalam Mosque Camp (Banda Aceh), Rukoh Kampong Syiah Kuala
Camp (Banda Aceh), and Lam Kruit VillageCamp (Aceh Besar), and camps around
TVRI (Aceh Besar).
4. Analyzing interview results.
2. Refugee’s Patern of Behaviors
Earthquake
Almost all respondents felt the strong earthquake ground shaking. (i.e The groundshaking was felt twice with time interval of about 5 – 10 minutes). All of respondents
fell down. But after EQ passed, the respondent’s had varying reaction. Some of themtried to gather all of their family members. Some of them talked to their neighbor whileothers continued with their work. Nobody thought that tsunami would come right after
the earthquake.

Tsunami and 1 hour up to 2 days after
When the tsunami wave came, all of respondents were shocked. Some of them even were
not sure what was coming although they heard many people shouted “air” (water) is

54

coming. They only believed about the coming water after they saw it by themselves.
Thus, they were caught unaware and were swept away by the tsunami waves about 4km
from the shore.
People’s immediate action after tsunami was to go to mosque, to search for their family,
to save themselves from upcoming earthquake, and to stay in the mosque. They did thisautomatically because in Aceh tradition people will go to the mosque to find protection
each time they face disaster. In fact, mosques in Aceh are also the strongest and highest
building. It was noted that mosques survived the strong ground shaking of earthquakeand even the tsunami. In the mosques, people tried to find their families. They also tried
to find food and water. Usually they found Aqua (mineral water) and instant noodle thatdrifted in the water.
One day after tsunami, people around the mosques started to organize themselves tosurvive. The organizers came from the victims themselves or from the local volunteers
who started to realize that they should organize themselves to face disaster.
Damages from earthquake and tsunami
Almost all houses owned by the respondents were damaged or destroyed by the tsunami
in varying degree of damage depending on the distance from the shore. Seven of the
respondents who lived less then 1 km from seashore lost their houses. The houses of therest of the respondents who lived farther were heavily damaged either by earthquake ortsunami. One of the respondents house was not damaged and was affected only by the
50cm-high flood waters from the tsunami.
Respondent’s houses were made from wood construction, semi permanent building,
and/or concrete construction. Most of respondents who lived near the seashore havewooden or semi-permanent houses. Respondents lived nearer the city have concretemade houses. Their houses suffered from some cracks on the walls and heavy
destruction from the tsunami. One of the respondents had 2-storey building/house,
which was also destroyed by the tsunami.
Tsunami impact to the family unit is well reflected in the tsunami impact to the village
or community. Dwellers of villages that were located int the coast were decrease up to
10-88%. The dwellers of Ullue Naga, for example, were 5000 before tsunami. Aftertsunami, only 600 people were left, in Dayah Raja Village the population was from 1500
to 318 people, in Lam Kruit Village the community was about 2000 to only 670 people,
and the Lepung Village with 10,000 inhabitants was left only 50 people after thetsunami.
Almost all respondents lost their job. The worst were fishermen, fish trader, pond
farmer, and farmers. With the tsunami sweeping away boats and all structures along its
way, they all lost their business capital. Respondents who worked in trading andtransportation decided to stop working. They lost their motivation and concentration towork. On the other hand, public officers couldn’t work anymore because all of the work
facilities were destroyed. But they were still lucky because they still receive wages fromthe government.

55

Response in 2-4days
Without their homes, all the respondents also worried about another earthquake thatmight come. So, from the 2nd to 4th days after the tsunami, they flee to the mosques or tothe higher and stronger building like TVRI () building. Until the 5th day, each refugeesurvived through their own efforts. They helped each other to obtain food, water, andclothes. In the 4th day, logistic, food, clothes, and tent aid came, brought by volunteers or
TNI (National Military of Indonesia).
Commonly, wounded refugees were treated at Kesdam hospital (the only hospital that
did not suffered from the tsunami impact) or at volunteer camp that provide healthservice.
Support for recovery from the disaster in the next 1-2weeks
Nine out of the 11 respondents lived at refugee camps. One respondent lived at his
unbroken house, and 1 respondent moved to other district, because all of his family died(including his parents).
Generally, the respondents lived at refugee camp that they found first. Two respondents
decided to move from one camp to other camp. They choose to live at refugee campbecause in such camps they obtained food, logistic, and accommodation (tents). Besides,
the geuchik (village authority/leader) suggested them to live at such camps, for datacollection accuracy. Data accuracy is needed related to the government plan to build
refugee barracks. Other reasons that made respondents live at refugee camps were tofind friends who have the same situation. Respondents who lost their families would feelsad, stressed, and experience sleeping disturbance if they live at their kampong or livewith their relatives.
The refugees could obtain their basic needs (food, clothes, and shelter). But they couldn’t
have cash money. Cash money become necessity for the respondents who have children
who needs to go to school. Their children started to go to school so they need money fortransportation cost.
Role of local community (1 – 2 months)
Generally, refugee camps are organized into several blocks. Blocks are consisted ofseveral tents. Each tent is occupied by one or several families who came from the samevillage. Such organizations are formulated automatically (because people tend to unitewith familiar people), or compulsary for easy data collection and future organization or
relocation purposes).

Geuchik from each village often meet with refugees. The geuchik gave information about
refugee’s development, and possibly their future life in post-tsunami period. Geuchik
from several villages had organized meeting with all communities from several camps.
In such meetings, they decide whether they will return to their original village, look for
new village, or to relocate based on each interest/work. Lam Kruit village had decided toreturn to their original village. However, one respondent said that his village went toseveral places without any coordination. Such situation happened because his geuchik
came from other province and not from his own local community.

56

Refugees attitude about the possibility of returning to their damaged village are varied.
Fishermen, pond farmers, and those who were born in the fishing village prefer toreturn. Such choice is due to their love of their village and because their jobs are related
to their community. Respondents who prefer not to return to their village have thefollowing reasons: 1) their jobs are not related to the village like civil servants or tailor,2) they were born in other places and had experience to start new life in new places, 3)
they had a very traumatic experience about the tsunami and afraid of being sad without
their family members (who perished in the tsunami).
Interviewee’s current notion about TSUNAMI?
All respondent were convinced that the earthquake and tsunami were not natural
phenomenon. They think that these are Allah’s signs for human being. Their perceptions
about the tsunami are:
1. Tsunami is a small-sized doomsday or kiamat. In Islamic religion, kiamat is the endof the world or the destruction of the earth. There are 2 kinds of doomsday: the small
one that happened partially in one part of the earth; and the big one that will beaffect all parts of the earth. The little doomsday, like the tsunami, caused the deathof their families who now lives near to Allah; and push them to more aware about theworld’s impermanency and become a better believer of follower of Allah.
2. Earthquake and tsunami were ordeal from Allah. Allah wants to distinguish who are
the good and the bad believer.
3. Earthquake and tsunami are “bala”. In Islamic conviction, bala is disaster thatserves as an ordeal. Whoever faces the ordeal with kindness, they will be rewarded
and become beloved Allah’s servants.
With all convictions, respondents are not afraid of earthquake and tsunami. They
believe that bala and ordeal could be happened to anyone. They are afraid of Allah as
the owner of bala and ordeal.
Some respondents did not recognize local term for tsunami. Only two of them who heard
term Ie Beuna which means as a high water coming from the sea. They heard such termfrom old people.
3. Refugee’s Camp Organization
There are three kinds of refugee camps in Aceh.
1). The camps directly organized by local government, like the camps in Rukoh
Kampong and Lam Kruit village. Those camps are organized by sub-district government.
Camps coordinated directly with geuchik and tent leader about aid distribution, datacollecting, and future settlement.
2) The camps that were organized by foundations. Usually foundations make camps intheir own yard perimeter. Logistic and consumption were distributed directly byfoundations. The foundations got aid from local and international volunteer groups.
Usually foundation did not take any responsibility about post disaster life of refugees.
Such problems are coordinated between refugees and geuchik. From the beginning,
refugees knew that they could only stay in foundation’s care temporarily. Relationship57

between foundations and refugees were not always good. Respondents among refugees
in foundation camps perceived that the foundation had just used them to get aid for thefoundation’s interest. They perceived that not all aids were distributed to refugees.
3) The camps that were organized by the student organization, such as camps around
Baiturrahman mosque and TVRI complex. Baiturrahman Camp is organized by
UnSyiah (University of Syiah Kuala) students. This camp organized a very large
number of refugees (about 13.000 people). TVRI camp is organized by Volunteer
Association of Aceh Mapala. They organized about 4500 refugees or about 688 families.
In such camps, all aid came through student organizations. Then they distributed theaid to tents. Mapala groups for instance organized refugee into 4 blocks. Each block has
an appointed geuchik. The student coordinated things with geuchik who distributed all
information to refugees in their block.
In the first few days, refugees had to sleep on bare grounds in the camps. In 4th day,supplies like tents, sanitation, and clean water aid came. The arrival of such aid
attracted other refugees. The camp’s population grew significantly. Darussalam
UnSyiah camps recorded refugees increase for 300 people in the first week.
Preferred places of refugees are big mosques, offices with big yard, and city parks thatare free from the tsunami impact. In such places, facility for refugees which includes amosque within the camp was commonly quite well. In camps with big number refugees,
there were also activities like alternative education, therapy for distressed people, andreligious services.
Not all refugee organizations have good relationship with the government and Satkorlak(Implementing Task Force for Disaster in Aceh). Refugee camps coordinated by students,for example, had no contact with the government. They preferred to receive aid frominternational institutions that have office in Aceh and distributed the aid directly to the
refugees.
4. Organization of Disaster Relief
Organizations of earthquake and tsunami disaster relief in Aceh and Medan are
consisted of the following:
1. Organization in policy level (national level)
2. Organization at operational level
3. Organization at field operational level
4. Organization that are existed in victims community
Organizational structure can be seen at diagram 1.
Badan Koordinasi Nasional (Bakornas) coordinates disaster management at national
level. Bakornas coordinates departments at national level and internationalorganization like the United Nations, foreign country aid, and international nonprofit
organizations. Bakornas exists in Bappenas (National Development Bureau). Bakornas
is led by the minister of Bappenas. Bakornas has duties to set policies about disastermanagement, in emergency, rehabilitation, and reconstruction stages. They also have
duties to negotiate aids, debt moratorium, and allocate the government budget for the
management of the disaster impact.

58

In implementation level, Satkorlak (Satuan Koordinasi Pelaksanaan) plays importantrole. They coordinates activities with Aceh Civil Government, District Government,international agencies that open their office in Aceh, and local organization especiallythe non-government organizations and volunteer groups. Satkorlak is led directly by
Coordinator Minister of People Welfare.
In field implementation, community and volunteer organizations play important roles.
They act as mediator among TNI, provincial government institutions, and international
agencies in distributing good and services.
In beneficiaries’ level, refugee organizations make relationship with local and volunteer
organizations, with informal leader like tengku, and with community leaders. The
smallest refugee organizations cover 3-7 families. The larger refugee organizations cover
blocks of refugee tents.
In reality, the relationship between the different disaster relief organization levels
doesn’t proceed smoothly. Observation and interviews in Aceh shows the following facts:
1. Direct relationship between community / volunteer organization and Satkorlak often
didn’t work. They didn’t share information and didn’t cooperate in managing disaster
impacts. Such condition could cause Satkorlak to release improper policies.
2. Information sources about field situation for Bakornas are not clear. Bakornas relies
on consultants who they sent from Jakarta to observe, report, and formulate policies
for Aceh. Local communities and volunteer organizations were not involved in policy
making. This situation is reflected from very limited knowledge among local
communities and volunteer organizations about the existence of Bakornas.
3. In the operational level, Satkorlak is weak in coordinating the aids causing various
refugee camps to receive excessive aids while others receive insufficient aid.
5. Lesson Learn
There are 4 important things that could be learned from the Aceh case, which areimportant in managing disaster impact. First, religious conviction can help people toface post-disaster impact. Tengku/imam in places of prayers continuously stresses thattsunami was an ordeal from Allah to make people become closer to Him. Throughreligious conviction, people believe that family members and physical wealth are Allah’s
property that could be taken back by Allah. They are convinced that their lost families
are now in a better place with Allah. Their duties now are to start a new and better wayof living. Such convictions made the disaster victims calm. Respondents said thatwithout this conviction, they might have been very anxious or even becomes insane.
Second, the capability of local communities to organize themselves around themeunasah (small mosque) had helped them through the disaster impacts. In a very hardsituation, they went to meunasah for 2 reasons. 1) Because meunasah is higher andstronger building. 2) They believe that meunasah is Allah’s place. By living in Allah’shouse, they are safe. Short time after disaster happened, groups were established atmeunasah to protect each other in facing disaster. Refugees are usually organized basedon their original village. Thus, it was easier for geuchik in terms of data collection andcoordinating his people.
Third, geuchik played important role as mediator between refugees, volunteer, and thegovernment. Meunasah, the mosque, and geuchik are centers for social cohesiveness in59

Aceh. So, it is important to formulate the role of meunasah, the mosque, and geuchik in
Aceh recovery stages.
Fourth, local volunteer groups especially those established right after the disaster
played a very important role. In critical time, they tried to provide food, water, clothes,and medicine for refugees. Without them, possibly many refugees would been dead due
to hunger, poisoning, or injuries. These groups also accessed and organized aids thatcame from TNI, the government, and foreign institutions commonly 4 days after disaster.
It should be noted that full time volunteers are usually tsunami victims themselves.

60

Diagram 1: ORGANIZATION OF DISASTER RELIEF
National Coordination Board (BAKORNAS)
Policy Level/
National Level

Departments at
National Level

International
AgencyOperational
Level

Field Operational
Level

International
Organization

Local
Organization

Implementation Task ForceCoordination (SATKORLAK)

Government for
Civilian Emergency

Local
Government

International
AgencyLocal
Organization

Community Organization/
Voluntary Organization

TNI and Province
Govt. Agency

Local Govt.
AgencyInformal Leader

Local
Organization

Community/
Evacuation
RefugeesCamp

Refugees Group/
Disaster victim

Voluntary
Group

61

Community
Leader (Geuchik)

第３章

研究発表

第 2 章の調査団メンバーの報告にあるように、本調査団における成果は大きく「とりあえず速報的な形でもいいから研究発表をする必要性がある」というメンバー間の結論に至った。そのため、2005 年 5 月 22 日～26 日まで幕張メッセ国際会議場(千葉県)にて開催される「地球科学惑星関連学会 2005 年合同学会」( http://epsu.jp/jmoo2005/ )において発表することが決定した。
合同学会では「2004 年スマトラ沖大地震・インド洋大津波」というセッション(J113)が設けられており、「2004 年 12 月 26 日、インドネシアのスマトラ島西方沖で Mw9.0 の巨大地震が発生した。この地震に伴う大津波でインド洋沿岸諸国に甚大な被害が生じた。この地震の震源過程解析や津波調査結果は、巨大津波の発生過程及び津波堆積物等の研究やテクトニクスの解明につながるであろう。これらの研究の他、地殻変動、地形の改変、地球
内部構造研究など、スマトラ沖大地震・インド洋大津波に関する広範な研究・調査発表を募集する。」というセッション概要になっている。調査団においては、Glenda(自然科学グループ)、田中・木村(社会科学グループ)の 3 名が発表者となってセッションにおいて研究発表を行うこととなった。
■発表タイトル
以下に発表タイトルを記す。
G. Besana, F. Kimata, M. Ando, Didik, S. Tanaka, R. Kimura, Suhirman, and Fajri,“February 5-13, 2005 Field Survey in Banda Aceh, Indonesia: Insights andFuture Studies”
田 中 重 好 , 木 村 玲 欧 , Glenda M. Besana, Farid MURANA, 安 藤 雅 孝 , 木 股 文 昭 ,SUHIRMAN「スマトラ沖地震の津波被害とバンダアチェの都市構造」

木村玲欧, 田中重好, SUHIRMAN, Fajri JAKFAR, Farid MURANA, 安藤雅孝, Glenda
M. Besana, 木股文昭 「スマトラ沖地震が社会と人間に与えた影響を被災者の証言から明らかにする」■地球科学惑星関連学会 2005 年合同学会 予稿集原稿「地球科学惑星関連学会 2005 年合同学会」では発表登録にあたって、予稿集原稿の投稿が義務づけられている。今年度は 2 月 21 日正午までであった。以下に 3 名の予稿集原稿を掲載する(田中・木村は日本語・英語の両方のバージョンを作成している)。

62

１．February 5-13, 2005 Field Survey in Banda Aceh, Indonesia:
Insights and Future Studies
G. Besana, F. Kimata, M. Ando, Didik, S. Tanaka, R. Kimura, Suhirman, and Fajri
A team of scientists from Nagoya University was dispatched during the earlypart of February 2005 for a 7-day field observation in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The aimof the survey was to investigate and document the earthquake- and tsunami-related
damages incurred from the December 26, 2004 earthquake along the Sunda trench
particularly in the city of Aceh and its adjoining areas. Field surveys were concentrated
and limited to Aceh City, Lhok Nga and Krueng Raya areas were damages and tsunami
inundation heights were observed. Local landforms and geomorphology were likewise
noted during the survey together with the information regarding the intense groundshaking and tsunami inundation through interviews.
Based on numerous collapsed structures, the whole region experienced intense
ground shaking. Engineered structures in Aceh City like multiple-storey hotels, private
and government buildings, towers and landmarks typically suffered from moderate tosevere structural damage. However, in the same area, residential houses suffered lessor even no damaged at all. Short period ground shaking that would usually causes
cabinets and other unanchored objects to topple were barely observed. It was also notedthat the felt ground shaking lasted for about 5-10 minutes and was commonly compared
to shaking onboard a ship during high waves.
Most of the damages were due to tsunami that inundated the Aceh City fromabout 0.5km-4km from the shore. The shoreline area, especially in Aceh City and Lhok
Nga, was totally destroyed leaving behind nothing but the floors, debris of concrete
walls and bent columns. The mosque, which is the center of each village, noticeably
survived the tsunami wave with minor damage. The highest tsunami height measured
along the shore is about 14m and approached the shorelines like a vertical wall of water
before finally flooding the rest of the city. And as the tsunami front destroyed everything
in its path, the debris from the destroyed houses was most probably picked-up along
way adding to its erosive power. The rest of the city was damaged by debris- andsilt-laden tsunami with an average height of ~3m. However, in the western part ofBanda Aceh particularly in Lhok Nga, the tsunami completely destroyed villages inmuch higher wave height. The whole area was stripped-off of almost all manmade

63

structures and foliage. Low-lying valleys were flooded with salt water while vegetation
along the foot slopes of the mountains was obliterated.
During the survey, several observations points exemplified possible post-seismic
subsidence. To verify such observations, we made some preliminary measurements at
Ulee Lheue. Initial computations showed possible subsidence of at least ~40cm
although investigations in Lhok Nga highly indicated much larger amount ofsubsidence. However, at this point, possible erosion from tsunami backwash and/or
compaction due to intense ground shaking along shorelines cannot be wholly discounted
to have influenced such phenomenon.
In terms of landforms, the whole city of Aceh is built in a relatively broad flat
terrain. The city sits on top of an alluvial plain produced from the Krueng Aceh andKrueng Angan rivers and its tributaries. This drainage system dumps all sedimentarydeposits into the plain during seasonal rains which flooded the area for at least 5 days.
Abandoned meanders are still noticeable while most are buried and/or currently
occupied by residential houses. On the other hand, the shoreline fronting the city iscomposed of sand spits, barrier beach, lagoons and marshlands. These natural
landforms are usually flat, loosely compacted with shallow ground water, and prone toerosion. Considering its flatness, easy access to the sea, and good condition for aquatic
production, the city’s growing population and development had advanced well into thisregion. Thus, when the gigantic tsunami struck the city, the dwellings and all otherstructures along the Ulee Lheue, Jeulinkge, Kapilma, and Tembak had the slightest
chance of survival.
Nagoya University plans to study further the earthquake and tsunami
phenomenon in Banda Aceh considering the city’s vulnerability to earthquake hazards
and some evidence of previously bigger tsunami event. Initial activity to address thisplan is a regional continuous GPS observation. Another effort is the strong researchcollaboration with the University of Syiah Kuala that could hopefully enhance publicknowledge and awareness regarding earthquake, earthquake hazards and earthquake
disaster mitigation.

64

２．スマトラ沖地震の津波被害とバンダアチェの都市構造（日本語版）
田中重好, 木村玲欧, Glenda M. Besana, Farid Murana, 安藤雅孝, 木股文昭, Suhirman
スマトラ沖地震の発生によって、アチェ州の中心都市バンダアチェは、大きな津波の被害を被った。近年の津波被害の中でも今回の津波被害において特筆すべき点は、都市の中心地域にまで津波被害が及んだことである。
この点を確認するために、バンダアチェを襲った津波被害を、都市構造に照らして確認する。
まず、バンダアチェの都市構造を描くために、この都市で生まれ育った学者にインタビ
ューして、都市の認知地図を作成した。この都市の認知地図に、津波被害を重ねると、次のことが判明した。
1)バンダアチェ王国時代からの歴史を持つ、この都市の中心部まで津波が到達したこと。したがって、今回の津波は、この都市の中心部まで侵入した。
2)しかしながら、オフィス地域は、津波被害の外周部に位置している
3)津波被害地域は居住地域を広範に含んでいる。
4)都市の開発の歴史から見ると、バンダアチェ旧市街地と臨海漁業集落との中間地域に、新しい市街地発展しているが、その新市街地も大きな被害を被った。
5)ただし、新市街地の中でも、南部の旧市街地の外周部に発展した地域は津波被害を被っていない。
6)住宅の階層構成を見ると、低階層住民の居住地と上げられた地域はすべて津波被害を被っているが、高階層地域については、半分は津波被害を免れている。
以上のように、津波の被害の社会的様相をまとめることができる。

２．Tsunami Damage and Urban Structure in Banda Aceh (English version)
S. Tanaka, R. Kimura, G. Besana, F. Murana, M. Ando, F. Kimata, and Suhirman
The Central City in Ache State, Banda Ache was received great damage by big
tsunami which was accompanied with Sumatra Earthquake. It should note thattsunami had reached the center of the city.
We can explain the characters of tsunami damage from the point of the urban
structure.
At first, we make the cognitive map by a interview from a Ache native. Secondly,
we compare the cognitive map with the tsunami damage map in Banda Ache.

651)The tsunami had reached the old urban district. The old district had constructed
about 400 year ago.
2)Business district had a little tsunami damage.
3)Tsunami had damaged the wide range of resident area.
4)There are the new resident area between the old urban district and fishing village inseashore. This new residential area had received big tsunami damage.
5)But, among the new residential area, the outer zone had no damage.
6)From the point of social stratum, While all lower stratum area had received tsunami
damage, half of the high stratum area had no damage.

３．スマトラ沖地震が社会と人間に与えた影響を被災者の証言から明らかにする（日本語版）
木村玲欧, 田中重好, Suhirman, Fajri Jakfar,
Farid Murana, 安藤雅孝, Glenda M. Besana, 木股文昭
2005 年 2 月 5 日から 13 日までインドネシア・スマトラ島・バンダアチェ市において、被災者に対する聞き取り調査を行った。本調査では構造化インタビュー手法を用い、津波で被災された方々が災害をどのように受け止めているのか、これからどのように生活をたてなおしていくのかということについて明らかにした。
巨大災害は自然現象であると同時に社会現象としての側面をもつ。災害という事象を解明するためには、１）外力としての地震・津波の現象とそれがもたらした影響の自然科学的解明、２）人々や社会に与えた影響と再建過程の社会科学的解明の両側面からのアプローチが必要不可欠である。名古屋大学調査団は、自然科学・社会科学の研究者と、現地のインドネシアの大学（ITB, UNSYA(アチェにある国立大学)）が協力することによって災害像全体の解明を行っている。
社会科学部隊(田中重好・木村玲欧)は、現地研究者と協力して聞き取り調査を行った。現地はインドネシア語とアチェ語という 2 つの言語が使用されており、またイスラム教圏であ る た め 文 化 的 背 景 も 日 本 と は 異 な る 。 そ の た め ITB で 政 治 人 類 学 を 担 当 す る
SUHIRMAN 講師と、現地アチェの国立大学である Syiah Kuala 大学で農業経済学を担当する Fajri 教授／学部長と協力しながら調査を行った。
調査においては調査フレームワークが必要である。阪神・淡路大震災の研究などにより、被災者の意識・行動の基本となる心理的時間は対数軸上に展開し、10 時間、100 時間、1000
時間といった節目の時間が意識・行動の転換点となることが明らかになっている。今回は66

その考えに基づいて調査フレームワークを設計し、5 フェースにおいて、7 大項目・20 中小項目の質問を設定し、インドネシア側の研究者とフレームワークを共有してもらい、聞きとり調査を行った。聞き取りはインドネシア語（一部アチェ語）で行い、その後英語で概要についての説明を受けた。またインドネシア語の原稿起こし・英語での要約を作成し定性的・定量的な評価も試みている。
本発表では、その成果の一部について発表する。

３．Clarifying the impact that earthquake and tsunami had on victims'
society and everyday life (English version)
R. Kimura, S. Tanaka, Suhirman, F. Jakfar,
F. Murana , M. Ando, G. Besana and F. Kimata
We conducted the interview survey to the disaster victims of December's
earthquake and tsunami in Indonesia's Sumatra Island from February 5, 2005 to the
13th.

In this survey, we use the structured interview method to clarify how victims try

to accept the disaster and rebuild his/her everyday life.
Catastrophic disaster caused not only physical damage to cities’ development, butalso had significant psychological and social impacts upon the bodies, minds, and livesof disaster victims, local community relationships, organizations, groups, and social
systems.

In order to come out the phenomenon of disaster, the approach from the sideof both natural sciences and social sciences is required.

The Nagoya University

investigation team is clarifying the overall picture for the disaster by the researchers ofnatural sciences and social sciences cooperating with the researchers of Indonesia (ITBand Syiah Kuala University (National University in Aceh)).
The social sciences unit (TANAKA Shigeyoshi and KIMURA Reo) conductedinterview survey in cooperation with local researchers because a cultural backgroundutterly differs from Japan; two languages called the Indonesia language and Acehlanguage are used, and it is the Islam area.

We cooperate with SUHIRMAN lecturer

who takes charge of political anthropology at ITB, and Professor Fajri who takes chargeof agricultural economics at the Syiah Kuala University.
In interview, an interview framework is required. We designed it based on thepast case study, especially in Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake.

We set up the question of

the seven major items and 20 minor items, and shared the framework.

67

Listeningcomprehension was performed in the Indonesia language -part Aceh language-, and wasgiven about the outline in English after that.

Moreover, transcript was carried out in

the Indonesia language and the summary was created in English.
We will bring out a part of the result in this presentation.

68

資料１ ） バ ン ダ ・ ア チ ェ 市 内 に 設 け ら れ た 国 連 の Humanitarian
Information Centre において入手した資料（調査時におけるアチェの状況が把握できる）

２）その他

警察に出頭して発行してもらう「証明書」
バンダ・アチェでの滞在

UNCLASSIFIEDCOMMON OPERATING PICTURE FOR NORTHERN SUMATRA

Date: January 28, 2005
95°E

96°E

97°E

98°E

99°E

BURMA

U-Tapao Airfield

Asian Development Bank (ADB) reports that although Aceh and Northern
Sumatra suffered the greatest human impact, the economic impact is lesssevere than other countries due to the lack of heavy industry and tourism
in the affected area and little damage to oil and natural gas
production facilities. (ADB, 13 January 2005)
6°N
SABANG MAIMUN SALEH

World Bank's Consultative Group on Indonesia assessed damage
to transportation infrastructure at Rp 3.4 trillion ($371 million),including 316 km of provincial road network, 1,900 km of local
roads and over 400 bridges were impacted and 120 destroyed. In
Aceh, 14 port facilities suffered damage and 5 in North Sumatra.

Bridge N05 36' 38", E095 23' 18"
USAID/DART assessed.
Structure in need of reinforcement.

BANDA ACEH
Harapan Bunda Hospital
Kesden Hospital Military

THAILAND

Dr. Zainoel Albidin General Hospital
SULTAN ISKANDARMUDA

Banda Aceh

Butterworth
Sultan Iskandarmuda

LHOKNGA

Aceh Besar
KREUNG KALASIGLISigli Hospital
PADANGTIJI
SIMPANG TIGA
BEUAH
LAMMEULO
SARCE
BUSU
TITEUETONGPUDENG
CULEEGLE

LAMNO
5°N

BIREUENTEUPIN MANEJEUNIEB LHOK KULAM

Pidie

Bieruen

Aceh
Utara

Aceh Jaya

LHOKSEUMAWE
KAMPONGSSIMPANGULIMLHOK SUKONGEUDONGLHOKSUKONMALIKUS SALEH Cut Meutia Hospital

Subang Kuala Lumpur
5°N

ARUN

IDIRAYEUKKUALA BEUKAH

As of 21 January, USAID had provided over $37 million inhumanitarian assistance to Indonesia. In addition to providing
emergency grants to humanitarian organizations, USAID airlifted
230 rolls of plastic sheeting, two water bladders, 8,400 10-literwater containers, 500 body bags, 20,000 kitchen sets and 20,000
mosquito nets for distribution to the affected population. USAID
Disaster Assistance Reponse Team (USAID/DART) arrived
1 January and has conducted and participated in numerous
multi-sectoral assessments throughout Aceh.

PEUDAWA RAYEUKBABAH NIPAH

SIMPANGTIGA REDELONGCALANG

Aceh Barat
TEUNOM

Aceh Timur

Aceh

6°N

Kuala Lumpur

LHOKSEUMAWE MILITARY BARRACKS HELIPORTCOT GAPU

USS Abraham Lincoln

USS Abraham Lincoln, off the territorial
waters of Indonesia, continues toprovide support to USAID, UN,
and Government of Indonesia (GOI).
Combined Support Group - Indonesia
is delivering food and supplies tonorthwest Sumatra and is conducting
aerial surveys of infrastructure along
coast, in support of assessments
conducted by USAID, UN, and GOI.

MALAYSIA

Polonia

INDONESIAKRUENG GEUKUH

Names and boundary information are not necessarily authoritative.

Regional Map and Airport Staging Locations

Aceh Tengah

LANGSAMEDANG ARA

ARONGAN
COT SEULAMAT
Meulaboh Hospital
MEULABOH

Nagan
Raya

CUT NYAK DIEN

Gayo Lues

4°N

Meulaboh - Airfield not suitable for C-130 aircraft,
but six helicopter landing sites available. GOI
started repair of airfield.

USS Bonhomme Richard

S

Aceh Barat Daya
KUALA BATEE

SUSOH
MANGGENG

Earthquake Epicenter

Aceh Selatan

PANGKALANSUSU

u

4°N

m

PANGKALANBRANDNATANJUNG PURAatra

HALVETIA

BINJAIPABATUTEBING TINGGIGUNUNG PAMELATANAH GAMBUS

Sumatera Utara

TEUKU CUT ALIINDIAN OCEANMEDANTEBING TINGGI

Aceh Tenggara

3°N

OLD HALVETIA
Gleneagles Hospital

POLONIATAPAKTUAN

Sources:
Ministry of National Development Planning, 19 January 2005
Ministry of National Education, 18 January 2005
UNICEF, 14 January 2005
Asian Development Bank, 13 January 2005
Inter-Agency Rapid Health Assessment Team, 17 January 2005
USAID/DART, 21 January 2005
UN HIC and USS Abraham Lincoln, 25 January 2005
World Bank/CGI, 20 January 2005

Herna
Hospital

TIGABINANGABAH JAMBI

3°N

PEMATANG SIANTAR

AcehSingkil

SIDIKALANGINDONESIALASIKINT

AEK LOBASIBISAPORSEA
PARMONANGANSITORANGBANUALUHU

BALIGELAGUBOTI

Airfields
Civil Airfield
2°N

2°N

Joint Mil/Civ Airport
Military Airfield
Airfield (few facilities)
Unusable
Heliport
95°E

UNCLASSIFIED

96°E

Hospital Status
Limited01530

60 Kilometers
PINANG SORE

Operational
97°E

98°E

99°E

Department of State
202-203-7789
HIU_INFO@state.gov

UN

PoliceNGO

MosqueMilitary

Market

Health95°17'0"E

Government

Gas

Bus

Bank

5°32'0"NAirport

Legend5°33'0"N

5°34'0"N

95°17'0"E

KSDA

95°18'0"E

Jaya Baru

MDM

Yayasan PASE

ACF

BandaRaya

95°19'0"E

Handicap International

UNICEF
Mapala UISatkorlak PB
AMURT SCHi Court

Major's Office

Baiturrahman

ILO

95°19'0"E

NRC-CARDI

Kuta Raja

UN/OCHA/WFP/UNDP/JLC

TGH

Indian Ocean

Meuraxa

95°18'0"E

to UNHCR

JRS

PBI

Pendopo

Lueng Bata

IFRC

0

0.5

95°21'0"E

The Humanitarian Information Centre (HIC) is a projectof the United Nations Office for the Coordination of
Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).

Map Catalogue: SUM003
Map Production Date: 18 January 2005

Ulee Kareng

BPN

Kilometers
15°32'0"N

5°33'0"N

5°34'0"N

Syiah Kuala district

Syiah Kuala

95°21'0"E

Kanwil Hukum dan Perundangan

Badan Narkotika Provinsi

WELHI/AMAM

95°20'0"E

OXFAM

Kuta Alam

95°20'0"E

Indonesia Earthquake and Tsunami:
Situation Report No. 23
01 February 2005

Overview
The latest figures from BAKORNAS (31/01/05) on the human toll for the disasterindicate that some 108,110 bodies have been buried in NAD Province and 130 bodies
in North Sumatra Province. The number of people reported missing remains 127.749
in NAD and 24 in North Sumatra. Meanwhile the number or displaced people in
NAD are 426,849. The figure of displaced people in North Sumatra is still to beobtained. BAKORNAS’ previous report on the 260,000 displaced people who arethought to be residing with extended families and community has been taken out fromits latest report considering the dynamic of those displaced persons.
BAKORNAS plans to reassess the dynamic figure of the displaced persons by middleof February 2005. The result of the assessment will be shared once it is available.

Sectoral Developments
Health:There are an estimated 800 pregnant women in IDP settlements. The Ministry of
Health has sent 300 midwives to Banda Aceh to provide support. WHO has developed
an action plan together with the Ministry of Health to support reproductive health.
WHO stated that one case of bloody diarrhea that was reported from Lonehga by theTurkish Red Crescent is under investigation. After the completion of measles
vaccination in the IDP camps, the last leg of the campaign is planned for Lhoong
where 24 of the 28 villages are known to have been destroyed. The remaining 4
villages can be reached only by air. Helicopter support may be needed to reach
immunization to the children in these devastated villages.
On Sunday (30/01/05) MoH reported that the measles vaccination campaign has
covered 77,842 children (58, 7%) in Aceh. For North Sumatra, the coverage is 2,000
children (20, 3%). In addition, the MoH reported (31/01/05) a total of 59 clinical casesof Malaria, of which 8 are Malaria Falciparum.
Food and Nutrition:
Joint UN and Government surveys are planned, as well as the establishment of anutrition surveillance system for affected people, including the host communities. To
address potential micronutrient deficiency, WFP is planning on distributing fortified
products (fortified biscuits/noodles) in the ration. The Nutrition Director from the
Ministry Of Health chaired a meeting in Jakarta on the 26th January attended by WFP,UNICEF, WHO and many NGOs. The aim was to encourage better coordination byministry authorities of assessments and action in nutrition. Concern was raised by the
MOH about the large quantities of milk powder coming to Aceh. WHO and UNICEF

74

have issued a joint statement on appropriate infant and young child feeding, andcautioned against unnecessary use of milk products
Shelter:
The first IOM model durable component temporary shelter unit is on its way to Banda
Aceh and is expected to arrive in Banda Aceh on 5 February. A team of shelter
experts will assemble the model unit and train and prepare IOM shelter assemblycrews to assemble the first 1,000 temporary shelter units. The first four units are due
to be loaded onto IOM trucks at the factory in Bandung for delivery to Banda Aceh on
14 February. Members of the shelter committee comprising individuals of theGovernment of Indonesia, UN agencies, NGOs, local religious leaders and IDP
community representatives have been informed and invited to view the model unit toshare their comments and recommendations.
UNHCR has been using Swiss helicopters in a shuttle operation to transfer 18 tonnesof shelter materials from its operational base at Calang on Aceh's west coast to thevillage of Krueng Sabe, 8 km south of Calang, where an estimated 50 percent of its
population were swept away by the waves, leaving some 4,000 people displaced.
UNHCR has helicoptered in lightweight tents, plastic sheeting, hygiene kits andblankets for some 3,000 people. UNHCR is currently assessing transferring relief
supplies to the severely hit village of Keude Panga, further south from Calang.
In Teunom, some 60km to the north of Meulaboh, 2,000 out of the original populationof 17,000 reportedly perished in the tsunami disaster. Some 8,000 people have been
displaced, 80 percent of them living with host families and the rest in damaged
mosques, public buildings and a few tents. This figure includes those fromneighboring villages. The area is cut off from the nearest main city of Meulaboh withlarge portions of the asphalt road and bridges destroyed. The harbor has beendamaged and only very small boats can enter the port. No cleanup has taken place inthe area. Supplies can only be flown in by helicopter. UNHCR is preparing to fly in to
the area some of the 250 "shelter boxes" donated by Rotary International and brought
by a convoy of eight trucks to its satellite office in Meulaboh. Each box is for 10
people and contains blankets, a torch, a shovel, water purifying tablets, cooking anddrinking containers.
The work on the second camp is ongoing at Alu Peunyareng, 15 km south of
Meulaboh. This camp will shelter around 350 families living in appalling conditions.
Water and Sanitation:
WHO reports that a joint assessment of water and sanitation in temporary settlements
in Banda Aceh finds that there is still insufficient provision of latrines, and that theprovision of water could be better coordinated to ensure a regular supply.
Livelihood:
Last week ILO finalized its agreement with the Provincial Government of NAD toestablish Emergency Public Employment Service Center Network and the guidelines
have been published by the Provincial Manpower Office. The first centre will be

P.O. 2338 JAKARTA, INDONESIA ° TEL: +62-21-314 1308
75 ° E-mail: registry.id@undp.org ° FAX: +62-21-314 5251

established next week in Banda Aceh (at the premises of the Vocational Training
Center), and the next center will be established in Meulaboh.
ILO has deployed a team on employment-intensive infrastructure development and its
assessment has been completed in Banda Aceh. Meanwhile, a team of experts onlabor-based works will start on 2 February. Both teams will work with the Public
Works office along with other pertinent organizations implementing ‘cash-for-work’
schemes.
The first child labour action programme has been approved to be implemented
together with executing local agencies in Aceh Besar.
Programme formulation is being finalized to start the entrepreneurship development
programme called ‘Start Your Business’. In addition, short-cycle vocational training
will be implemented through both public and private training providers.
UNDP reports that international and national organizations are cooperating on a
Cross-Sectoral Assessment which would employ a common methodology, assessment
form and timeline to conduct an assessment across the tsunami affected sub-districtsin the province. The assessment will not only examine the needs of the affected
populations but will also gather data on their preferences for the future in terms oflocation, shelter, livelihoods, etc. This assessment will build on assessments alreadycarried out by a number of international and local organizations. UNDP is recruiting asurvey specialist to refine the questionnaire, the sample size and train the surveyors.
City cleaning:Work has started on cleaning up the main psychiatric hospital in Banda Aceh, and 300
people are working on this project supported by UNDP/Panglima Laut in cooperation
with the Australian Army.
UNDP is consulting with authorities on a possible pilot project concerning a waste
recovery facility within Banda Aceh, aimed at the improvement of the environmental
management of Tsunami waste, which would sort waste into different categories
using labour intensive methods. The pilot project would be carried out in parallel withthe current waste disposal activities to prevent any delay in the clean up operation,and could be up-scaled to other urban centers.
Telecommunication:
BAKORNAS reported that the rehabilitation of telephone system in Banda Aceh will
be completed by today (01/02/05) and that 50 percent of electricity supply in Banda
Aceh and 30 percent in Meulaboh have been restored. However, Calang and Temno
remain out of electricity supply. Meanwhile, since the situation in Calang is stillparalyzed, the District Government of Aceh Jaya has moved temporarily its capital toLamno.

76

Useful websites:
Government:www.bakornaspbp.go.id (National Coordination Board for Natural Disaster
Management)
www.depsos.go.id (Department of Social Affairs)
www.depkes.go.id (Department of Health)www.lin.go.id (National Information Board-Ministry of Information andCommunication)www.info-ri.com (Information-Republic Indonesia)
Other:
www. coe-dmha.org/tsunami.htm (daily chronology of key events)
www.apan-info.net - tsunami page (Pacific Command)

For detailed information
please contact:

Michael Elmquist
Chief, OCHA Indonesia
Tel. 62 21 314 1308
Fax. 62 21 319 00 003
Mobile 62 811 996 594
Regina Rahadi
Emergency Response Officer
Tel. 62 21 314 1308 ext 151
Fax. 62 21 319 00 003
Mobile 62 811 93 9479

P.O. 2338 JAKARTA, INDONESIA ° TEL: +62-21-314 1308
77 ° E-mail: registry.id@undp.org ° FAX: +62-21-314 5251

United Nations

Nations Unies

OFFICE OF THE HUMANITARIAN COORDINATOR IN INDONESIA

Indonesia Earthquake and Tsunami:
Situation Report No. 23
01 February 2005

Overview
The latest figures from BAKORNAS (31/01/05) on the human toll for the disasterindicate that some 108,110 bodies have been buried in NAD Province and 130 bodies
in North Sumatra Province. The number of people reported missing remains 127.749
in NAD and 24 in North Sumatra. Meanwhile the number or displaced people in
NAD are 426,849. The figure of displaced people in North Sumatra is still to beobtained. BAKORNAS’ previous report on the 260,000 displaced people who arethought to be residing with extended families and community has been taken out fromits latest report considering the dynamic of those displaced persons.
BAKORNAS plans to reassess the dynamic figure of the displaced persons by middleof February 2005. The result of the assessment will be shared once it is available.

Sectoral Developments
Health:There are an estimated 800 pregnant women in IDP settlements. The Ministry of
Health has sent 300 midwives to Banda Aceh to provide support. WHO has developed
an action plan together with the Ministry of Health to support reproductive health.
WHO stated that one case of bloody diarrhea that was reported from Lonehga by theTurkish Red Crescent is under investigation. After the completion of measles
vaccination in the IDP camps, the last leg of the campaign is planned for Lhoong
where 24 of the 28 villages are known to have been destroyed. The remaining 4
villages can be reached only by air. Helicopter support may be needed to reach
immunization to the children in these devastated villages.
On Sunday (30/01/05) MoH reported that the measles vaccination campaign has
covered 77,842 children (58, 7%) in Aceh. For North Sumatra, the coverage is 2,000
children (20, 3%). In addition, the MoH reported (31/01/05) a total of 59 clinical casesof Malaria, of which 8 are Malaria Falciparum.
Food and Nutrition:
Joint UN and Government surveys are planned, as well as the establishment of anutrition surveillance system for affected people, including the host communities. To
address potential micronutrient deficiency, WFP is planning on distributing fortified
products (fortified biscuits/noodles) in the ration. The Nutrition Director from the
Ministry Of Health chaired a meeting in Jakarta on the 26th January attended by WFP,UNICEF, WHO and many NGOs. The aim was to encourage better coordination byministry authorities of assessments and action in nutrition. Concern was raised by the
MOH about the large quantities of milk powder coming to Aceh. WHO and UNICEF

have issued a joint statement on appropriate infant and young child feeding, andcautioned against unnecessary use of milk products
Shelter:
The first IOM model durable component temporary shelter unit is on its way to Banda
Aceh and is expected to arrive in Banda Aceh on 5 February. A team of shelter
experts will assemble the model unit and train and prepare IOM shelter assemblycrews to assemble the first 1,000 temporary shelter units. The first four units are due
to be loaded onto IOM trucks at the factory in Bandung for delivery to Banda Aceh on
14 February. Members of the shelter committee comprising individuals of theGovernment of Indonesia, UN agencies, NGOs, local religious leaders and IDP
community representatives have been informed and invited to view the model unit toshare their comments and recommendations.
UNHCR has been using Swiss helicopters in a shuttle operation to transfer 18 tonnesof shelter materials from its operational base at Calang on Aceh's west coast to thevillage of Krueng Sabe, 8 km south of Calang, where an estimated 50 percent of its
population were swept away by the waves, leaving some 4,000 people displaced.
UNHCR has helicoptered in lightweight tents, plastic sheeting, hygiene kits andblankets for some 3,000 people. UNHCR is currently assessing transferring relief
supplies to the severely hit village of Keude Panga, further south from Calang.
In Teunom, some 60km to the north of Meulaboh, 2,000 out of the original populationof 17,000 reportedly perished in the tsunami disaster. Some 8,000 people have been
displaced, 80 percent of them living with host families and the rest in damaged
mosques, public buildings and a few tents. This figure includes those fromneighboring villages. The area is cut off from the nearest main city of Meulaboh withlarge portions of the asphalt road and bridges destroyed. The harbor has beendamaged and only very small boats can enter the port. No cleanup has taken place inthe area. Supplies can only be flown in by helicopter. UNHCR is preparing to fly in to
the area some of the 250 "shelter boxes" donated by Rotary International and brought
by a convoy of eight trucks to its satellite office in Meulaboh. Each box is for 10
people and contains blankets, a torch, a shovel, water purifying tablets, cooking anddrinking containers.
The work on the second camp is ongoing at Alu Peunyareng, 15 km south of
Meulaboh. This camp will shelter around 350 families living in appalling conditions.
Water and Sanitation:
WHO reports that a joint assessment of water and sanitation in temporary settlements
in Banda Aceh finds that there is still insufficient provision of latrines, and that theprovision of water could be better coordinated to ensure a regular supply.
Livelihood:
Last week ILO finalized its agreement with the Provincial Government of NAD toestablish Emergency Public Employment Service Center Network and the guidelines
have been published by the Provincial Manpower Office. The first centre will beestablished next week in Banda Aceh (at the premises of the Vocational Training
Center), and the next center will be established in Meulaboh.
ILO has deployed a team on employment-intensive infrastructure development and its
assessment has been completed in Banda Aceh. Meanwhile, a team of experts onlabor-based works will start on 2 February. Both teams will work with the Public
Works office along with other pertinent organizations implementing ‘cash-for-work’
schemes.
The first child labour action programme has been approved to be implemented
together with executing local agencies in Aceh Besar.
Programme formulation is being finalized to start the entrepreneurship development
programme called ‘Start Your Business’. In addition, short-cycle vocational training
will be implemented through both public and private training providers.
UNDP reports that international and national organizations are cooperating on a
Cross-Sectoral Assessment which would employ a common methodology, assessment
form and timeline to conduct an assessment across the tsunami affected sub-districtsin the province. The assessment will not only examine the needs of the affected
populations but will also gather data on their preferences for the future in terms oflocation, shelter, livelihoods, etc. This assessment will build on assessments alreadycarried out by a number of international and local organizations. UNDP is recruiting asurvey specialist to refine the questionnaire, the sample size and train the surveyors.
City cleaning:Work has started on cleaning up the main psychiatric hospital in Banda Aceh, and 300
people are working on this project supported by UNDP/Panglima Laut in cooperation
with the Australian Army.
UNDP is consulting with authorities on a possible pilot project concerning a waste
recovery facility within Banda Aceh, aimed at the improvement of the environmental
management of Tsunami waste, which would sort waste into different categories
using labour intensive methods. The pilot project would be carried out in parallel withthe current waste disposal activities to prevent any delay in the clean up operation,and could be up-scaled to other urban centers.
Telecommunication:
BAKORNAS reported that the rehabilitation of telephone system in Banda Aceh will
be completed by today (01/02/05) and that 50 percent of electricity supply in Banda
Aceh and 30 percent in Meulaboh have been restored. However, Calang and Temno
remain out of electricity supply. Meanwhile, since the situation in Calang is stillparalyzed, the District Government of Aceh Jaya has moved temporarily its capital toLamno.

P.O. 2338 JAKARTA, INDONESIA ° TEL: +62-21-314 1308 ° E-mail: registry.id@undp.org ° FAX: +62-21-314 5251

Useful websites:
Government:www.bakornaspbp.go.id (National Coordination Board for Natural Disaster
Management)
www.depsos.go.id (Department of Social Affairs)
www.depkes.go.id (Department of Health)www.lin.go.id (National Information Board-Ministry of Information andCommunication)www.info-ri.com (Information-Republic Indonesia)
Other:
www. coe-dmha.org/tsunami.htm (daily chronology of key events)
www.apan-info.net - tsunami page (Pacific Command)

For detailed information
please contact:

Michael Elmquist
Chief, OCHA Indonesia
Tel. 62 21 314 1308
Fax. 62 21 319 00 003
Mobile 62 811 996 594
Regina Rahadi
Emergency Response Officer
Tel. 62 21 314 1308 ext 151
Fax. 62 21 319 00 003
Mobile 62 811 93 9479

Draft Analysis‘Who, What, Where’ Map Set
On-Going Sectoral Activities in Aceh Province, 1 February
Information Presented: The attached ‘Who, What, Where’ map set reflects information
reported to the HIC on organizations implementing projects in the 11 most affecteddistricts and 86 sub-districts of Aceh Province. So far 57 organizations have submitted
reports. Organizations reporting ‘WWW’ sectoral data are listed on each map. Updates
to the ‘WWW’ can be submitted to the HIC Sumatra.
Overall Summary:x

The majority of projects and organizations are working in the health, food and nonfood items sectors.

x

Health projects are reported to be taking place in 47 of the affected sub-districts with 36
different organizations working in the health sectorx

Food projects are reported to be taking place in 75 of the affected sub-districts with 25
different organizations working in the food sector.

x

Sanitation projects are reported to be taking place in 43 of the affected sub-districts with
20 different organizations working in the sanitation sector.

xWater projects are reported to be taking place in 34 of the affected sub-districts with 20
different organizations working in the water sector.

x

Education projects are reported to be taking place in 28 of the affected sub-districts with
15 different organizations working in the education sector.

x

Non-food projects are reported to be taking place in 57 of the affected sub-districts with
28 different organizations working in the non-food sector.

x

Shelter projects are reported to be taking place in 28 of the affected sub-districts with 11
different organizations working in the shelter sector.

x

Livelihood projects are reported to be taking place in 26 of the affected sub-districts with
7 different organizations working in the livelihoods sector.

xProtection projects are reported to be taking place in 22 of the affected sub-districts with
10 different organizations working in the protection sector.

x

Agricultural and fisheries projects are taking place in 1 of the affected sub-districts with
1 organization working in the sector.

x

Coordination and Support Services projects are taking place in 20 of the affected subdistricts with 12 organizations working in the sector.

x

Infrastructure projects are taking place in 7 of the affected sub-districts with 7
organizations working in the sector.

OCHA, 1 February

Health Sector Activity
Aceh Province
1 February 2005

Banda Aceh
!
(
!
(
!
(

Lhoong

Sigli
Bireuen!
(JanthoOrganizations
ReportingLhokseumawe
!
(

Lamno
Takengon!
(!
(

CalangCreung Sabe
TeunomNumber of Organizations

Reporting by Sub-District0!
(

Langsa!
(Meulaboh!
(

1-4

Blangkejeren!
(

Blangpidie

5-8

Kutacane!
(!
(

Note: These data represent the presenceof organizations and do not portray theextent to which needs are met or unmet.

Tapakktuan!
(

Sinabang!
(

Map Catalogue: SUM021
Map Production Date:01February 2005

Singkil

Map data from organizations submitting information to the HIC Sumatra, "Who's Doing What Where" database.

Shelter Sector Activity
Aceh Province
1 February 2005

Banda Aceh
!
(
!
(

Sigli
Bireuen!
(

Lhoong!
(JanthoLhokseumawe

Organizations
Reporting

!
(

Lamno

Takengon!
(!
(

CalangCreung Sabe
TeunomNumber of Organizations
Reporting by Sub-District0!
(

Langsa!
(Meulaboh!
(1-2

Blangkejeren!
(

Blangpidie!
(

Kutacane!
(

Tapakktuan
Note: These data represent the presenceof organizations and do not portray theextent to which needs are met or unmet.

!
(

Map Catalogue: SUM021
Map Production Date:01 February 2005

1 HSB
ADRA
AMDA
C.Prt.FRCARDI/IRC
CARE
CCF
CWS
DEMA
FFI
FHI
FRM/WALHI
GED
Gl.Relief
GOAL
HANDICAP
IFT
IMC
IR
JICA
JRS
MDM
MERLINMSF
NWMTI
O.BrktOp.Bles.
PCC
PCI
PMI-IFRC
PU
SC
TRA
TRCS
WVI
YEU

Sinabang!
(

Singkil

Map data from organizations submitting information to the HIC Sumatra, "Who's Doing What Where" database.

ACTED
AMURT
CONCERN
GED
ICRC
PMI-IFRC
SDCSHA
TRA
TRCS
UNHCR
WVI

Food Sector Activity
Aceh Province
1 February 2005

Banda Aceh
!
(
!
(
!
(

Lhoong

Sigli
Bireuen!
(JanthoOrganizations
ReportingLhokseumawe
!
(

Lamno
Takengon!
(!
(

CalangCreung Sabe
TeunomNumber of Organizations

Reporting by Sub-District0!
(

Langsa!
(Meulaboh!
(

1-4

Blangkejeren!
(

Blangpidie

5-7

!
(

Kutacane!
(

Note: These data represent the presenceof organizations and do not portray theextent to which needs are met or unmet.

Tapakktuan!
(

Sinabang

ACF
AMURT
CARE
CCF
CONCERNCRS
CWS
FFI
FRM/WALHI
GED
Gl.Relief
ICRC
IMC
IOM
IR
JRS
MC
O.BrktPCC
PMI-IFRC
PWJ
SC
SP
TRCS
WVI

!
(

Map Catalogue: SUM021
Map Production Date:01February 2005

Singkil

Map data from organizations submitting information to the HIC Sumatra, "Who's Doing What Where" database.

Non-Food Items Sector Activity
Aceh Province
1 February 2005

Banda Aceh
!
(
!
(

Sigli

Bireuen!
(

Lhoong!
(JanthoLhokseumawe

Organizations
Reporting

!
(

Lamno

Takengon!
(!
(

CalangCreung Sabe
TeunomNumber of Organizations
Reporting by Sub-District0!
(

Langsa!
(Meulaboh

!
(

1-4
5-8

Blangkejeren!
(

Blangpidie!
(

9 - 11

Kutacane!
(

Tapakktuan
Note: These data represent the presenceof organizations and do not portray theextent to which needs are met or unmet.

!
(

Map Catalogue: SUM021
Map Production Date:01 February 2005

Sinabang!
(

Singkil

Map data from organizations submitting information to the HIC Sumatra, "Who's Doing What Where" database.

ALISEI
AMURT
CARE
CONCERN
CRS
CWS
FFI
FHI
FRM/WALHI
GED
GOAL
ICRC
IMC
IOM
IR
MC
MSF
PCC
PCI
PMI-IFRC
PWJ
SC
SDCSHA
SP
TRA
TRCS
UNHCR
WVI

Education Sector Activity
Aceh Province
1 February 2005

Banda Aceh
!
(
!
(
!
(

Lhoong

Sigli
Bireuen!
(JanthoOrganizations
ReportingLhokseumawe
!
(

Lamno
Takengon!
(!
(

CalangCreung Sabe
TeunomNumber of Organizations!
(

LangsaReporting by Sub-District!
(

Meulaboh

0

!
(

1-4

Blangkejeren!
(

Blangpidie!
(

Kutacane

ADRA
ALISEIAMURTCARDI/IRC
CCF
CONCERN
FFI
GED
Gl.Relief
IBS
JRS
PU
TRA
TRCS
WVI

!
(

Note: These data represent the presenceof organizations and do not portray theextent to which needs are met or unmet.

Tapakktuan!
(

Sinabang!
(

Map Catalogue: SUM021
Map Production Date:01February 2005

Singkil

Map data from organizations submitting information to the HIC Sumatra, "Who's Doing What Where" database.

Protection Sector Activity
Aceh Province
1 February 2005

Banda Aceh
!
(
!
(

Sigli
Bireuen!
(

Lhoong!
(JanthoLhokseumawe

Organizations
Reporting

!
(

Lamno

Takengon!
(!
(

CalangCreung Sabe
TeunomNumber of Organizations
Reporting by Sub-District0!
(

Langsa!
(Meulaboh!
(

1-3

Blangkejeren!
(

Blangpidie!
(

Kutacane!
(

Tapakktuan
Note: These data represent the presenceof organizations and do not portray theextent to which needs are met or unmet.

!
(

Map Catalogue: SUM021
Map Production Date:01 February 2005

Sinabang!
(

Singkil

Map data from organizations submitting information to the HIC Sumatra, "Who's Doing What Where" database.

ALISEI
CCF
FRM/WALHI
IBS
ICMC
ICRC
PCC
SC
TGH
WVI

Agriculture Sector Activity
Aceh Province
1 February 2005

Banda Aceh
!
(
!
(
!
(

Lhoong

Sigli
Bireuen!
(JanthoOrganizations
ReportingLhokseumawe!
(

CONCERN

Lamno
Takengon!
(!
(

CalangCreung Sabe
TeunomNumber of Organizations

Reporting by Sub-District0!
(

Langsa!
(Meulaboh!
(

1

Blangkejeren!
(

Blangpidie!
(

Kutacane!
(

Note: These data represent the presenceof organizations and do not portray theextent to which needs are met or unmet.

Tapakktuan!
(

Sinabang!
(

Map Catalogue: SUM021
Map Production Date:01February 2005

Singkil

Map data from organizations submitting information to the HIC Sumatra, "Who's Doing What Where" database.

Livelihoods Sector Activity
Aceh Province
1 February 2005

Banda Aceh
!
(
!
(

Sigli

Bireuen!
(

Lhoong!
(JanthoLhokseumawe

Organizations
Reporting

!
(

Lamno

Takengon!
(!
(

CalangCreung Sabe
TeunomNumber of Organizations
Reporting by Sub-District0!
(

Langsa!
(Meulaboh!
(1-2

Blangkejeren!
(

Blangpidie!
(

Kutacane!
(

Tapakktuan
Note: These data represent the presenceof organizations and do not portray theextent to which needs are met or unmet.

!
(

Map Catalogue: SUM021
Map Production Date:01 February 2005

Sinabang!
(

Singkil

Map data from organizations submitting information to the HIC Sumatra, "Who's Doing What Where" database.

ALISEIAMURTCARDI/IRC
CONCERN
OXFAM
TGH
TRCS
YEU

Coordination & Support Services Sector Activity
Aceh Province
Banda Aceh!
(
1 February 2005!
(!
(

Lhoong

Sigli
Bireuen!
(JanthoOrganizations
ReportingLhokseumawe
!
(

Lamno
Takengon!
(!
(

CalangCreung Sabe
TeunomNumber of Organizations

Reporting by Sub-District0!
(

Langsa!
(Meulaboh!
(

1-3

Blangkejeren

!
(

AMURT
ATLAS
CONCERN
FFI
FRM/WALHI
GED
Gl.Relief
GOAL
JRS
PCC
PMI-IFRCSP

Blangpidie!
(

Kutacane!
(

Note: These data represent the presenceof organizations and do not portray theextent to which needs are met or unmet.

Tapakktuan!
(

Sinabang!
(

Map Catalogue: SUM021
Map Production Date:01February 2005

Singkil

Map data from organizations submitting information to the HIC Sumatra, "Who's Doing What Where" database.

Infrastructure Sector Activity
Aceh Province
1 February 2005

Banda Aceh
!
(
!
(

Sigli

Bireuen!
(

Lhoong!
(JanthoLhokseumawe

Organizations
Reporting

!
(

Lamno

Takengon!
(!
(

CalangCreung Sabe
TeunomNumber of Organizations
Reporting by Sub-District0!
(

Langsa!
(Meulaboh!
(

1

Blangkejeren!
(

Blangpidie!
(

Kutacane!
(

Tapakktuan
Note: These data represent the presenceof organizations and do not portray theextent to which needs are met or unmet.

!
(

Map Catalogue: SUM021
Map Production Date:01 February 2005

Sinabang!
(

Singkil

Map data from organizations submitting information to the HIC Sumatra, "Who's Doing What Where" database.

CONCERN
FHI
GED
MC
SDCSHA
THW
TRCS

Water Sector Activity
Aceh Province
1 February 2005

Banda Aceh
!
(
!
(
!
(

Lhoong

Sigli
Bireuen!
(JanthoOrganizations
ReportingLhokseumawe
!
(

Lamno
Takengon!
(!
(

CalangCreung Sabe
TeunomNumber of Organizations!
(

LangsaReporting by Sub-District!
(

Meulaboh

0

!
(

1-4

Blangkejeren!
(

Blangpidie

5!
(

Kutacane!
(

Note: These data represent the presenceof organizations and do not portray theextent to which needs are met or unmet.

Tapakktuan

!
(

ACF
CARDI/IRC
CARE
CCF
CONCERN
CWS
FFI
GED
ICRC
IFRC
IR
MRDS
OXFAM
PCI
PMI-IFRC
SDCSHA
THW
TRA
TRCS
WVI

Sinabang!
(

Map Catalogue: SUM021
Map Production Date:01February 2005

Singkil

Map data from organizations submitting information to the HIC Sumatra, "Who's Doing What Where" database.

Sanitation Sector Activity
Aceh Province
1 February 2005

Banda Aceh
!
(
!
(

Sigli
Bireuen!
(

Lhoong!
(JanthoLhokseumawe

Organizations
Reporting

!
(

Lamno

Takengon!
(!
(

CalangCreung Sabe
TeunomNumber of Organizations
Reporting by Sub-District0!
(

Langsa!
(Meulaboh

!
(

1-4
5

Blangkejeren!
(

Blangpidie!
(

Kutacane!
(

Tapakktuan
Note: These data represent the presenceof organizations and do not portray theextent to which needs are met or unmet.

!
(

Map Catalogue: SUM021
Map Production Date:01 February 2005

Sinabang!
(

Singkil

Map data from organizations submitting information to the HIC Sumatra, "Who's Doing What Where" database.

ACF
ALISEICARDI/IRC
CARE
CCF
CONCERN
FRM/WALHI
GED
GOAL
ICRC
IMC
IR
MERLIN
MSF
OXFAM
PCI
PMI-IFRC
TRCS
WVI
YEU

Number of Organizations
Reporting by Sub-District
!
(

Sigli

MeulabohTeunom!
(!
(Sinabang

Tapakktuan

!
(

!
(

!
(

!
(

KutacaneBlangkejeren

Lhokseumawe!
(

Takengon!
(

Blangpidie!
(

BireuenSingkil!
(Langsa!
(Map data from organizations submitting information to the HIC Sumatra, "Who's Doing What Where" database.

Map Catalogue: SUM021
Map Production Date:01February 2005

Note: These data represent the presenceof organizations and do not portray theextent to which needs are met or unmet.

25 - 38

18 - 24

10 - 17

5-9

1-4

!
(

Jantho!
(CalangCreung Sabe

Lamno

Lhoong!
(Banda Aceh

All Sector Activities
Aceh Province
1 February 2005

Who's Doing What Where Database
Contributing Organizations
Acronym
1 HSB
ACF
ACTED
ADRA
ALISEI
AMDA
AMURT
ATLAS
C.Prt.FRCARDI/IRC
CARE
CCF
CONCERN
CRS
CWS
DEMA
FFI
FHI
FRM/WALHI
GED
Gl.Relief
GOAL
HANDICAP
IBS
ICMC
ICRC
IFRC
IFT
IMC
IOM
IR
JICA
JRS
MC
MDM
MERLIN
MRDS
MSF
NWMTI
O.BrktOp.Bles.
OXFAM
PCC
PCI
PMI-IFRCPU
PWJ
SC
SDCSHA
SP
TGH
THW
TRA
TRCS
UNHCR
WVI
YEU

Organization
Australian Army Field Hospital
Action Contre La Faim
ACTED
Adventis Development .......
Alisei
The Association of Medical Doctor Asia
Ananda Marga Universal Relief Team
Atlas Logistique
French Civil Protection
International Rescue Committee / Cardi
Care International
Christian Children's Fund
Concern Worldwide
Catholic Relief Services
Church World Service
Danish Emergency Management Agency
Fauna and Flora International
Food for the hungry international
FORUM / WALHI
German Emergency Doctors
Global Relief
GOAL
Handicap International
Istambul Int'l Brotherhood and Solidarity Assctn.
International Catholic for Migrant Commision
Red Cross/Red CrescentInternational Federation of the Red Cross
IFTInternational Medical Corps
International Organization for Migration
Islamic Relief
Japanesse Internation Cooporation Agency
Jesuit Refugee Service
Mercy corps
Medicins du Monde
Medical Emergency Relief International
Millenium Relief Development Service
Medicins sans Frontieres
Northwest Medical Teams International
Obor Berkat, Indonesia
Operation Blessing
OXFAM Great Britain
People Crisis Centre
Project Concern International
Palang Merah Indonesia/Int'l Federation Red Cross
Premiere Urgence
Peace Winds Japan
Save the Children
Swiss Humanitarian Aid
Samaritan's Purse
Triangle Generation Humanitaire
German Federal Agency for Disaster Relief
Tsunami Relief Action
Turkish Red Crescent
United Nations High Commision for Refugees
World Vision International
Yakkum Emergency Unit

HIC Sumatra, 1 February 2005

外国人は必ず警察に出頭して「証明書」を発行してもらわなければいけない（これを怠るとバンダ・アチェ市内でも安全が保障されない場合がある）

87

‫ߩߢࠚ࠴ࠕ࡮࠳ࡦࡃع‬ṛ࿷㧔(CTKF ߐࠎߩ⥄ቛ㧕ࡃࡦ࠳࡮ࠕ࠴ࠚߢߪ Farid ߐࠎߩ⥄ቛ㧔ࡃࡦ࠳࡮ࠕ࠴ࠚߢߪ‫ޔ‬Farid ߐࠎߪᅏߐࠎߩታኅ
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88

名古屋大学環境学研究科
2004 年北部スマトラ地震調査報告
平成 17 年 3 月

著

者

黒田 達朗, 安藤 雅孝, 田中 重好, 木股 文昭, 木村 玲欧,
Glenda M. Besana, Suhirman

表

紙

木股 文昭

編

集

木村 玲欧

発

行

名古屋大学大学院環境学研究科（〒464-8601 名古屋市千種区不老町）
http://www.env.nagoya-u.ac.jp/

印

刷

発行

株式会社 クイックス（〒456-0004 名古屋市熱田区桜田町 19-20）