Contamination Control for thePower Generation Industry

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Introduction toPall Power Generation
Pall - Your integrated partner
in Power Generation
Pall Corporation is a global company solving complex
contamination, separation and purification problems.
Pall’s Power Generation Group is part of Pall Energy
Division and as such serves the power generation market
around the world. With a broad line of products andservices, Pall can help you improve fluid quality andincrease profitability by optimizing the performance ofplant equipment.

The power generation industry trusts
Pall as a solution provider
Pall is a worldwide leader in fluid purification technologies
for the power generation industry. Pall advanced
separation science and high quality manufacturing areapplied on all fluids throughout the power plant to ensurecleaner, safer, more reliable power with higher profitability.
Pall can solve your purification challenges in any sizeof application, from small flows and simple installations
to large flows and complex systems, from the supplyof filter elements to fully-integrated turnkey systems.

Benefit from Pall’s expertizeand customized services
Pall is much more than a filter company. Pall specializes influid management, leveraging our unmatched capabilities
to make your operation more successful. Our expertize
has enabled us to build a large library of proprietary corematerials, which we can modify to separate, remove,or selectively capture the most elusive contaminants.

Total Fluid Management

SM

Pall has the ability to design, manufacture, and install
economical, integrated systems as well as service them.
Pall’s Total Fluid Management (TFM) program for power
generation plants help plant operators and engineers
manage, control and monitor plant water, fuels and oil
resources. This approach results in a reduction in total
operating costs associated with fluids, operation andmaintenance on critical components. Combining productswith consulting services, commissioning and flushingassistance, Pall is the ideal partner for the power
generation industry.

‘Pall can help
you improve
fluid quality
and increase
profitability by
optimizing theperformance ofplant equipment’2Contamination Control‘Let Pall help you
optimize theperformance ofyour generating
equipment byimproving fluids
contamination
control!’

Why is it so important to take careof fluid cleanliness?
Solid, liquid and dissolved contaminants present inliquids and gases will cause operating and maintenanceproblems on power production assets like boilers,
turbines or transformers.
Left unchecked, these contaminants increase O&M
costs, decrease thermal efficiency and output, andthreaten environmental compliance of power plants.
Such issues can be solved by the use of highly
effective, reliable and correctly applied filtrationand separations technologies.

Applications:
Fossil Generation
Power plants around the world choose Pall to ensure
the quality of their condensate water, the purity of theirlubrication oil and the reliability of turbine control system
operation. Pall products reduce downtime withunsurpassed flushing and oil treatment capabilities,
technologies and on-site assistance. Pall water treatment
systems also control and maintain make-up water andwaste stream purity.

Nuclear Generation
Pall filtration systems help nuclear plants of all reactor
types to maintain low levels of radioactive contamination
throughout the water cycle. Pall filters reduce costs andmaximize output by protecting the NSSS system, filtering
the reactor pool and polishing condensate water:• Less downtime• Lower chemical usage• Improved safety• Optimal operating efficiency

Renewable Energy
Pall technology takes part in the development of
renewable energy sources. From the filtration ofhydroelectric turbine control and lubrication oil to theprotection of windmill gearboxes or the purification of
biomass gases, Pall employs state-of-the-art technology
to ensure that greener is always cleaner.

Transmission and Distribution
Energy availability also depends on a reliable and efficientgrid. Pall products protect the critical purity of insulatingoils. Pall online purifiers allow the online/onload treatmentof transformer oil and insulation, dramatically reducing
maintenance and downtime costs. By controlling waterand fine particulate matter, Pall Ultipor® WG filters protect
LTC contacts, prevent OCB oil degradation and extend
maintenance intervals.

3Fossil Fuel Generation‘high efficiency filtration,
purer fuel, reduced pollutant
emissions, low energy
consumption, protection from
erosive and corrosive wear,with minimal maintenance.’

Fuel Treatment Systems
With unmatched experience in the oil and gas industry
worldwide, Pall brings complete solutions to the treatmentof liquid and gas fuel for power plants. Combination ofparticulate filtration and high efficiency coalescence
provide a fuel quality that meets the most stringent
specifications of new generation combustion systems.
The efficiency of Pall liquid/liquid and liquid/gas
coalescers is only matched by their ease of use,
low maintenance and long life.

Hot Gas Filtration
Pall has the full complement of fluid management
products for hot gas filtration for the latest combustion
technologies including ceramics for biomass and coalgasification, plus products that reduce pollutant emissions
driving the movement towards efficient, clean and low
cost energy.

Process Water Management
Boiler Feed Water Systems
Pall filters and membrane systems combine into acomplete water treatment chain to ensure consistent,
uninterrupted process water with minimal chemical usage,
optimum quality and an unmatched ease of use andservice. With microfiltration, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis
or filter cartridges, Pall offers the widest range of water
filtration products.
Condensate Water Systems
Boilers and turbines are protected by Pall condensate
filtration systems, either in backwash or disposable
configuration. For any system pressure of flowrate, Pall
combines media science and system engineering expertize
to offer the best protection against corrosion transport.
Pall HGCoLD-R and HGPPB backwash systems offer:• Engineering expertize to ensure long, economical
operation, in demin-precoat or straight filtration mode
• Variety of media ranges and materials to adapt to any
condensate flow conditions
Pall Ultipleat® High Flow disposable filters offer:• Small footprint even for full flow installation• Proprietary crescent shaped pleat geometry• High efficiency, high flux filtration at ratings from100 to 1 micron• Simple element replacement

Steam Turbines
Lubrication
Pall’s full range of oil filtration and oil purification products
combine to provide the best possible protection of
the bearings and shaft against wear and corrosion.
By efficiently and economically removing moisture,
particles and gases from lubricating oils, Pall products
ensure that critical machinery is protected and that theoil remains in pristine condition.
Hydrogen Seal Oil
The task of protecting seals from abrasive wear, andpreventing water from ingressing into the generator falls
on the turbine lubrication oil control system. The solid andmoisture protection from the Pall TLC (Turbine Lube
Conditioner) helps maintain hydrogen purity and minimize
maintenance on the seals.
Control
The hydraulic systems controlling the steam valves aresome of the most sensitive and critical components aroundthe steam turbine. Pall products combine filtration,
dehydration and ion exchange to protect and even reclaim
hydraulic fluids, whether mineral or synthetic. With proper
filtration and fluid treatment, critical valves are protectedagainst stiction and erosive wear, and hydraulic fluids areprotected against thermal degradation or acid formation.

4

Nuclear Power‘Pall offers filtration solutions
that enable you to meet
regulatory requirements andminimize radioactive
exposure while reducing yourtotal cost of ownership.’State-of-the-art media design, application experienceand unsurpassed removal efficiencies have made Pallthe world standard in nuclear safety, control, radioactive
waste treatment and fuel pool clean-up. Pall products
shorten outages, increase operating efficiency andminimize exposure with the backing of expert customer
support worldwide.

Fine Ratings Programs

CVCS and Coolant Pump Seals

For many years, Pall filtration systems have been usedin the most sensitive nuclear applications of PWR coolant
systems. Today, the cleanest plants use Pall nuclear
grade filters to reduce the out of core radiation levels
and reduce overall personnel exposure. The fine ratings
program is a step by step reduction of filtration level
down to 0.1 micron in order to decontaminate the coolant
systems progressively, ensuring better operation,easier maintenance and reduced exposure.

Pall Ultipor GF Plus media is positively charged andrated down to 0.1 micron. These rapidly remove
radioactive material and provide the highest level ofsafety in the primary loop.
Ultipor GF Plus cartridges filter the cooling water,
protecting against seal wear and plant exposure withunsurpassed integrity, efficiency and durability. Pall filters
provide the best way to reduce out of core radiation,
personnel exposure and costs.
By removing minute solid particles, Ultipor GF Plus filters
are also used to protect the seals of the main coolant
pumps. Reduction in abrasive wear of the seal, shown by
a drastic reduction in leak rates, ensure longer life andlower seal replacement costs.

Media
Pall provides innovative disposable and back-washable
media in a wide range of micron removal ratings,
developed, designed and manufactured under the strictest
quality controls for exceptional performance, reliability,
and consistency.

Nuclear Condensate Systems

Elements

Pall backwashable condensate filtration systems are anindustry standard for BWR protection. In pre-coatable or
straight filtration mode, Pall elements combine very highefficiency with strong integrity and durability. Backed byunmatched system design and operation expertize, Pallfilters are the most effective way to maintain feed water
purity, reduce ion resin consumption and protect thesteam generators.
Pall traps and laterals protection feature an all-metallic
porous media combining a very high void volume withhigh mechanical and thermal resistance up to 315 °C(600 °F). With removal levels from 400 down to 18 micron,the Pall Rigimesh® line offers the best protection against
resin leakage and fouling.

Pall’s disposable nuclear cartridges are designed withexceptional structural integrity and perform well inenvironments with high radioactivity and varied pH.
They have long service life, which means less radioactive
waste, fewer change outs and added protection forequipment and personnel.

5Renewable Energy‘Pall filters and purifiers
improve system response,
shorten ramp-up times andlower maintenance costs.’

Hydroelectric Power
Clean hydroelectric generation depends greatly on thereliability, availability and response of the turbine control
mechanisms and lubrication systems. By ensuring that the
lubricating and hydraulic oils are maintained in pristinecondition, Pall filters and purifiers improve system
response, shorten ramp-up times and lower maintenancecosts. Combined with Pall analysis capability andmonitoring equipment, they form the ultimate protection
against component related outages, high oil replacement
costs and sluggish system response.
The combination of fine particle control and efficientmoisture removal protects the oil films and thecomponents. By consistently maintaining oil cleanlinesslower than a ISO 16/14/12 life of roller or journalbearings can be drastically extended.

Wind Power
Gearbox Protection
When the gearbox faces variable loads, and operates
in vibrating and extreme environments, it needs to beprotected by a filtration system able to deliver specified
cleanliness under stress conditions, at all times,
consistently, and reliably. Pall wind turbine lube filtration
systems combine design simplicity, ease of service, lightweight with the performance of Ultipleat SRT technology.
To ensure total cleanliness control, oil is protectedagainst water or dirt ingression by Pall breathers, and its
quality can be remotely monitored with Pall moisture andparticle sensors.

Filtration and Moisture Control A Total Fluid Management solution
Pall Ultipleat SRT filters are especially designed to remove
clearance size particles known to cause fatigue wear of the
bearings, abrasive wear of the governor control valves andfluid degradation. With superior resistance to cyclic flows
and no electrostatic discharge, the Ultipleat SRT filter
performs at its peak under the toughest of conditions.
When moisture is kept well under the saturation level ofthe oil, the process of oil oxidation can be stopped and withit, corrosion in the lube and control system. In hydroelectric
plants, Pall purifiers and air dessicant breathers maintainmoisture levels under 30 %RH, and protect lubrication andhydraulic fluids against water ingression.

Remote Monitoring of Oil Condition
The ability to detect oil quality problems early is a criticalstep in ensuring viability of remote windfarms. Oilcontamination can be a strong indicator of component
wear, its detection is the key for switching from reactive
to predictive maintenance practices. With Pall capability
for remote particle and moisture sensing equipment, windturbines are never left alone, as far as they may be.

Biomass
Pall ceramics and metallic filter technologies are used topurify combustible gas in hot and chemically challenging
environments such as in gasification processes andprotect burners and turbines downstream. With advanced
design capabilities for large blowback gas filter systems,
Pall participates actively in the development of renewable
combustible sources.

6Pall Technology Services
What is Total Fluid Management?
Total Fluid Management (TFM) is the integration of properly selected filtration and separation
technologies and services into a production process to yield the highest efficiency at the lowest cost.
The Pall TFM program covers a wide range of filtration products, advanced technologies and services
to improve system operation and increase productivity.

Pall offers a variety of services to help you maximize productivity within yourplant. We deliver TFM to you with the support of our global teams of Scientificand Laboratory Services (SLS). Located in more than 30 countries, ourscientists and engineers provide these services locally, with broad-based
assistance from Pall’s worldwide technical support network. Our experts work
directly with you to determine how Pall products and technologies can benefit
your process.

Consultancy

Our global team of scientists
and engineers support TFM

Our customized system services include:

A cleanliness audit can uncover contamination problems and their detrimental
effects. Our laboratory staff and field engineers have at your disposal lab-scale
and analytical equipment and field pilot-scale units. By sampling at various
locations throughout the process, we collect, quantify and identify solid andliquid contaminants to determine their origin and provide you withrecommendations for corrective action. Our recommendations are designed tohelp you optimize your processes and increase the reliability of your equipment
at the lowest possible cost.

Process Audits / Consultancy
Pall offers troubleshooting, audit and consulting services to identify
opportunities for process improvements that lead to increased productivity.
Improvements are defined, for instance, as the reduction of operating costs
or maintenance operations. An audit involves data collection and proposal
review, followed by a technical report documenting the findings andsuggestions for improvement.

Filtration Equipment Rental
When you need to rent filtration and purification equipment to conduct
spot depollution of system fluids, to conduct large-scale pilot testingor to use while permanent equipment is being manufactured, contact Pall.
Our rental services can provide equipment on the spot, so that you canhandle upsets promptly.

7

Flushing Services

Cleanliness Audit

Filtration Equipment Hire

Pall has the most extensive network of distributors and customer service
centers in the world. Pall provides flushing, monitoring and consulting during
plant overhaul, turbine start-up or system flushes worldwide. With Pallproducts, monitoring equipment and field expertize, our start-up assistanceprograms enable users to get back on-line faster, cheaper and more efficiently
to maximize output, flexibility and operating profits.

Servicing

Commissioning and FlushingCombustion Turbines
and Combined Cycle
In all aspects of the operation of a combined cycle plant, Pall employs state-of-the-art technology
to ensure a consistently high quality supply of water, fuels and lubricating oil to the machines.
With gas treatment solutions to reduce emissions and environmental impact, Pall is the complete
partner for CCPP operators looking to improve operation, save on fuel and water costs andimprove system reliability and availability.

Fuels
Liquid / Liquid and Liquid / Gas Coalescers

Pall‘s expertize in liquid and gas fuel treatment ensures that combustion turbines
are constantly protected from the mechanical and chemical attacks due to fuelimpurities. Pall fuel treatment solution combines very efficient particulate filtration
with coalescence to remove moisture or aerosols in the fuels. The result is a drastic
reduction in the presence of solids, gels, water and salts in the fuels entering the
combustion chamber.
Pall is also an expert in the treatment of alternative fuels and is an industry standard
for coal and biomass gasification systems, with a range of ceramic and metallic
filtration systems. With unmatched experience in materials and system designs,
Pall hot gas filtration systems are at the core of some of the newest and mostpromising power generation designs.

Machine Protection
Whether industrial or aeroderivatives, combustion turbines are protected by Pall oil
filters in the lubrication and control systems. By stopping the chain reaction of wear
in rolling or journal bearings of the turbine, Pall filters protect the machine against
downtime, repairs and bearing wear.

Oil Mist Eliminator

Pall oil mist eliminators reduce emissions of oil vapour to the atmosphere using
Pall liquid / gas coalescers. Their efficiency and low resistance to flow means thatthe system reservoirs can breathe without restriction and with no detectableoil emissions into the plant.

Water Systems

Pall AriaTM Filtration System

In combined cycle plants, the availability and qualityof water is critical for both the heat recovery boilers and the
combustion turbine itself. Pall membrane systems ensure
consistently pristine water meeting the most stringent purity
requirements of new generation combustion turbines andhigh pressure boilers. With a wide rangeof ultra and microfiltration membranes,
reverse osmosis, cartridge filtrationand polishing systems, Pallbrings the complete water
management solution tocombined cycle plants. The
result is a cleaner combustion,better operation of Nox control
systems, protection of the boiler
against corrosion and FAC andreduced water usage overall.
Ultipleat High Flow Particulate Filters8Technologies For Contamination
Control And Monitoring

The Pall PCM400W uses
multiple mesh blockage
technology to address thecommon problem of
inaccurate or unreliable results
when monitoring fluids that are
dark, cloudy, or contaminatedby water or air. Additionally it
can read fluid temperatureand saturated water content(when appropriate).

Contamination Monitoring
Solid Contamination Monitors
Obtaining accurate and reliable fluid cleanliness data
quickly in order to detect abnormal contamination
is a key factor in ensuring the efficiency of industrial
processes and reducing downtime.

Reliable monitoring solutions...whatever the conditions…whatever the fluid
Pall have portable devices that resolve detection
problems by giving plant operators the ability to measure
the cleanliness of even the most troublesome fluids
reliably, simply, and quickly, and prevent unnecessary
and costly machinery downtime.
The Pall PCM400W Cleanliness Monitor can confirm
cleanliness of almost every kind of system fluid.

Pall Water Sensors
Wherever possible, oils should be operated without thepresence of free or emulsified water.
Pall Water Sensors detect water in solution within thefluid, displayed as a percentage saturation or expressed
as a parts per million (PPM) reading. Options include thehandheld unit for a ‘point-in-time’ reading or the permanent
unit which can provide continuous or timed monitoring.

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Ultipleat High Flow/Coreless Filter Elements

Pall designs and supplies a wide range of media, filters, and systems to remove
contaminants from liquids and gases.
These products, along with our service capabilities and technical expertize,
enable us to fulfill diverse fluid purification requirements throughout all power
generation processes.
Particulate Filtration for Liquids and Gases
Pall designs, manufactures and markets the widest range of solid contamination
control products anywhere. Pall filters can remove minute solid particles fromliquid or gas streams, across a wide range of temperature, pressure, and chemical
conditions. These particulate filters can be made of glass fibres, polymers, metals
or ceramics. With various shapes, sizes and micron ratings, they offer economic,
efficient and durable contamination control in some of the most criticalapplications in power plants.
Coalescence and Dehydration
Removal of moisture and aerosols from oils or fuels is paramount in order toprotect machines like combustors or bearings. Moisture and aerosols carry
chemical and solid contaminants responsible for deposits, chemical attacks or
fluid degradation. Results can be devastating outages and high maintenancecosts. Pall coalescers and oil purifiers have what it takes to remove unwanted
contaminants from hydrocarbons, down to their solubility levels, and evenbeyond. Combustion chambers, injectors, bearings or seals all benefit fromcomplete removal of moisture contaminants from fuels and oils.
Membrane Technologies
Membrane Technologies are by far the most effective methods for water
processing applications. The Pall range of membrane systems includes
microfiltration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membrane technology.
Pall Aria water treatment systems for example use hollow fiber microfiltration
membranes to produce pure water from any water source. They remove
bacteria, iron, manganese, arsenic, and other solid particulate to deliver waterthat consistently measures up to the toughest cleanliness and quality standards.
Pall membranes are used for production of make-up water, recycling of blowdowns
and wastewater, as well as water fed protection for combustion turbines.

PCM400W Cleanliness Monitor

HNP006 Oil Purifier

Pall filtration and separation technology

Research andDevelopment

Scientific andLaboratory
Services

Sales and Support

Quality

Working with equipment
and component
manufacturers in thesemarkets, Pall custom
designs products andpurification systems that are
fully integrated into oil andgas industry applications.
These products extend
component service life,
enhance safety andimprove the operating
reliability of allprocessing systems.

A principal element in
Pall’s customer support
operations is our Scientificand Laboratory Services(SLS) Department.
Filtration problems arisingin the field can beassessed and simulated
in the laboratory. Close
monitoring by Pallscientists can determine
the engineered solution to
your contamination andseparation problems andadvise accordingly.

The sales and support teamcomprises a group of
experienced specialists
located in Europe, theUSA and across Asiawith distributors andrepresentatives worldwide.
We offer a comprehensive
sales and service support
to all customers aroundthe world.

The policy of Pall is todesign and manufacture
products to the highest andmost current standards ofquality, safety and reliability.
To implement this policy,
the organisational structure
and the procedures bywhich Pall operates are
fully defined in quality
management systems,
approved to ISO 9001:2000

Pall Industrial

Visit us on the Web at www.pall.com/water

25 Harbor Park Drive
Port Washington, NY 11050+1 516 484 3600
telephone+1 888 873 7255
toll free US

Pall Corporation has offices and plants throughout the world. For Pall representatives
in your area, please go to www.pall.com/contact

Portsmouth - UK
+44 (0)23 9230 3303 telephone+44 (0)23 9230 2507 fax
industrialeu@pall.com

Because of technological developments related to the products, systems, and/or
services described herein, the data and procedures are subject to change without
notice. Please consult your Pall representative or visit www.pall.com to verify that
this information remains valid. Products in this document may be covered by one
or more of the following patent numbers: EP 470 485; US 5,252,207;
US 5,562,048; EP 1,656,193; EP 667,800; EP 982,061; EP 1,380,331;
US 5,543,047; US 5,690,765; US 5,725,784; US 6,113,784; US 7,083,564;
US 7,318,800.
© Copyright 2010, Pall Corporation. Pall,, Pall Aria, Rigimesh, Ultipleat and Ultipor are
trademarks of Pall Corporation.
® Indicates a trademark registered in the USA. Filtration. Separation. Solution.SM, ENABLING A
GREENER FUTURE and Total Fluid Management are service marks of Pall Corporation.

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Printed in the UK.

October 2010