ADEOS-IIミッションと海洋学 · 海洋気象学(ADEOS-II Mission andOceanography/Marine Meteorology)
川村 宏(東北大学大気海洋変動観測研究センター 教授)

Hiroshi Kawamura(Tohoku University, Center for Atmospheric andOceanic Studies, Professor)

ADEOS-II for Ocean Science
ADEOS-IIの３海洋関連センサーによる同時観測
Three Ocean Sensors On One Platform !!
Microwave
Radiometer

AMSR
Advanced Microwave
Scanning Radiometer
Scattrometer

SeaWinds

GLI

Visible-Infrared Global Imager
RadiometerGLIの代表的GLI
海洋プロダクトGlobalOcean Products

Global Daily Solar
Radiation

Global Chl-a
Concentration

Global SST

GLIGLIの海洋プロダクトによる沿岸域観測
ocean products for the global coastal seasTheThe WestWest coast
coast ofof North
North America
America

PAR: Photosynthetically
active radiation

SST: Sea surface
temperature

GLI band radiance
Aerosol
optical thickness

Chlorophyll-aconcentration

Ocean primary
productivity

Validation GLIの海色プロダクトの検証（１）of ADEOS-2 GLI ocean color products
using in-situ Observations
By Murakami and 22 authors- In situ observations collected for
the GLI Cal/Val- International cooperation with
scientists and institutions

Validationof ADEOS-2 GLI ocean color products
GLIの海色プロダクトの検証（２）using in-situ Observations
By Murakami and 22 authors

Chl-anLw443- GLI ocean products (normalized water leaving radiancesand ocean parameters (e.g., Chlorophyll-a concentration)
are well characterized in the global oceans

Activities
for GLI Ocean Color algorithm development
GLI海色アルゴリズム開発とその検証のための活動
and product validation
Optimal Primary Production Model andParameterization in the Eastern East China
Sea By Siswanto, Ishizaka and Yokouchi
Atmospheric correction scheme for GLI
with absorptive aerosol correction
By Toratani, Fukushima, Murakami andTanaka

Verification of
Vertically GeneralizedProduction Modeland Estimation ofPrimary Production in
the Sagami Bay,Japan
By Ishizaka et al.

Developing
anIn-waterAlgorithm
forGLIUsing
東アジア海域のニューラル・ネットワーク
Neural Network Technique with Optical Model Based
GLI水中アルゴリズム
on Optical Properties in East China Sea, Ariake
Sound and Isahaya Bay
By Tanaka et al.
- Neural Network Based inwater algorithm
development- NN trained by the intensive
in situ observations
Chl-a

CDOM

SS

GLI
productｓ on
10 August 2003 nLw380-625nm
GLIプロダクト
2003年8月10日

CHLA

SS

CDOM

SST

Estimating
Photosynthetically Available Radiation at
GLIによる全球の光合成有効放射推定
the Ocean Surface from ADEOS-II Global ImagerData by Frouin and Murakami
GLISeaWiFS

Activities
for GLI SST algorithm development
GLIの海面水温プロダクトの検証and validation

Sea surfacetemperatureobservation by Global
Imager (GLI)/ADEOS-II-Algorithm andaccuracy of the product
By Sakaida et al.

Validation of GLI and Other Satellite-Derived
Sea Surface Temperatures Using Data from theRottnest Island Ferry, Western Australia
By Barton and Pearce

Sea surface temperature observation by Global
GLIの海面水温プロダクトの検証結果
Imager (GLI)/ADEOS-II - Algorithm and accuracy ofthe product
By Sakaida et al.

GLIGLIのクロロフィル・海面水温画像の時系列：
Chl-a and SST time series; Equatorial Pacific

太平洋赤道域

Difference characteristics of sea surface
ADEOS-II搭載GLIとAMSRの海面水温
temperature observed by GLI and AMSR aboard
プロダクト比較・検証
ADEOS-II by Hosoda
et al.

- Comparison ofsimultaneous IR (GLI) andMW SST (AMSR)
observations-Simultaneous SeaWinds
winds for difference
mechanism- No measurable bias

Surfacewind speed統合地球観測戦略の海洋テーマ：
Ocean Theme: GODAE SST Project
全球海洋観測データ同化実験
GODAE－高解像度海面水温プロジェクト
has a fundamental dependence of SST dataand products（全球の海洋短期変動予測）

In particular, global perspective of GODAE demanded attention
to the many gaps in present
products (many not quantified) and
何が問題か？
improved representation of observational errors in data products

従来の赤外センサーは、１）雲域観測不能、Cloud Mask for
IR Measurement and Diurnal２）日変化検出の問題
Cycling of SST (Including the Bulk-Skin Problem)

海洋変動予測のために、時空間分解能を飛躍的Increase its temporal and spatial resolution largelyに向上させよ。
Less than 10km and Less than 24 hours
目標：10km格子１日一回の雲無し海面水温
Cloud-free products

ADEOS-IIの海面水温プロジェクト
ADEOS-II SSTADEOS-II SST:
Combination of infrared,
microwave and in situ SSTs (1998)• GLI infrared SSTs:– High accuracy, fine spatial resolution, widecoverage• AMSR microwave SSTs:
ADEOS-IIの特性を活かし、高精度高空間解像– Retrieval of SSTs under clouds, wide coverage
度を有するGLIと雲下の観測が可能なAMSR• In situ SSTs:の海面水温を有効に活用する– Standard and reliable SSTs, anchor points forthe satellite SSTs

New Generation
SST
新世代海面水温Ver.1.0
Ver.1.0

Geostationary
Met. Satellite
Hourly Infrared

AVHRR、VIRS（2001)TMI SST
Merging byobjective
analyses

Microwave SST
Cloud free

雲無し・高解像度・品質管理済み・
Cloud-free,High Resolution, Quality-Controlled
5 Km 5km格子・毎日海面水温画像
Spatial Resolution, Daily SST ProductNew Generation Sea Surface Temperature on 31 May 2003
新世代海面水温＋ADEOS-II；
2003年5月31日(Infrared/Microwave Merged SSTs )Present Version merged SST②

NGSST ＋ GLI・AMSR②①①

http://www.ocean.caos.tohoku.ac.jp/~merge/sstbinary/actvalbm.cgi?eng=1

Present Version merged SST
現行の新世代海面水温（ADEOS-II無し）

NGSST ＋ GLI・AMSR
新世代海面水温＋ADEOS-II/GLI・AMSR①1200

Number of data

1000

Pixel Numbers ofEach Sensors

800
600

AMSR
GLIMODIS
AVHRR
AMSR-E

4002000150152154156Longitude

158

160

GLI250m海色プロダクト：
GLI
250m Color Products:
New
directions for coastal monitoring
沿岸域観測・監視の新しい方向
250mm products

1km products

250mRGB Composite

GLIGLI250m海洋観測250m Observations
250m Chl-a

1km Chl-aGLI DetectionGLIによる赤潮検出of the Red-Tide Phenomena
GLI250mRGB
SeaWiFS Detection

GLI Chl-a

GLI captures
the Red-Tide phenomena!!

リモートセンシング観測要求書：
Remote Sensing Requirements(from WMO/CEOS Database)
海洋学・海洋気象学（WMO/CEOS）"USE"
GOOS Climate - large scale
GOOS Climate - large scale
GOOS Climate - large scale
GOOS Climate - large scaleGOOS Climate - large scale
GOOS Climate - large scale
GOOS Climate - large scale
GOOS Climate - mesoscale
GOOS Surface
GOOS Surface
GOOS Surface
GOOS Surface
JGOOS-III
Marine biology (coastal water)
Marine biology (coastal water)
Marine biology (coastal water)
Marine biology (coastal water)
Marine biology (open ocean)
Marine biology (open ocean)
Marine biology (open ocean)
Marine biology (open ocean)
Marine biology (open ocean)
Marine biology (open ocean)
Marine biology (open ocean)
Marine biology (open ocean)
Marine biology (open ocean)"Requirement"
Ocean chlorophyll
Ocean dynamic topography
Ocean salinity
Sea surface bulk temperature
Sea-ice coverWind speed over sea surface (horizontal)
Wind vector over sea surface (horizontal)
Ocean dynamic topography
Dominant wave direction
Dominant wave period
Sea surface bulk temperature
Sea-ice thickness
Geoid
Aerosol (total column) size
Ocean chlorophyll
Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR)Sea surface bulk temperature
Aerosol (total column) size
Air pressure over sea surface
Ocean chlorophyll
Ocean yellow substance absorbanceOzone profile - Total column
Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR)Sea surface bulk temperatureSpecific humidity profile - Total column
Wind vector over sea surface (horizontal)"Hor Res"
25 km
100 km200 km
10 km
10 km
25 km
25 km
25 km
10 km
10 km
1 km
25 km
250 km
1 km
1 km
1 km
1 km
4 km
50 km
10 km
1 km
50 km
10 km
10 km
Missing
4 km"HR Min"100 km
300 km
500 km
300 km100 km100 km100 km100 km
30 km
30 km
10 km
100 km
500 km
10 km
5 km
5 km
5 km
50 km
100 km
50 km
5 km
200 km50 km
50 km
Missing
50 km"Obs Cycle "OC Min" "Delay of avai "DA Min"
1d3d1d3d10 d30 d10 d30 d10 d30 d10 d30 d6h
720 h
6h
720 h
1d6d0.125 d1d24 h
168 h
24 h
168 h
24 h
168 h
24 h
168 h
7d30 d2d15 d
1h
6h
2h
4h
1h
6h
2h
4h
6h
12 h
2h
4h
1d6d1d6d
240 mo360 mo 12 y
24 y
24 h
48 h
3h
7h
1d3d3d7d0.04 d
1d3d7d24 h
48 h
3h
7h
24 h
48 h
3h
7h
24 h
48 h
3h
7h
1d3d3d7d1d2d3d7d24 h
48 h
3h
7h
0.04 d1d3d7d24 h
48 h
3h7h
24 h
Missing 3 h
7h
24 h
48 h3h7h

SpatialTemporal
Resolution Resolution"Acc - RMS"
0.1 % (Max)2 cm
0.1 psu
0.1 K
2 % (Max)
1 m/s
1 m/s
2 cm
10 degrees
0.5 s
0.1 K
50 cm
2 cm
0.1 µm
5 % (Max)
5 % (Max)
0.1 K
0.1 µm
10 hPa
0.1 % (Max)
5 % (Max)
10 DU
5 % (Max)
0.1 K
Missing2 m/s"AC Min"
0.5 % (Max
5 cm
1 psu
1K
10 % (Max
2 m/s2 m/s
10 cm
20 degrees
1s
2K
100 cm
5 cm
1 µm
20 % (Max
20 % (Max0.5 K
1 µm
15 hPa
0.5 % (Max
20 % (Max20 DU
20 % (Max
0.5 K
Missing
5 m/s

ADEOS-IIが貢献する海洋学・海洋気象学
ADEOS-II Availabilityの観測パラメータfor Oceanography
and Marine Meteorology
Ocean
Parameter

Chl-a

Sea
Surface
Height

Ocean
Salinity

Sea
Surface
Temp.

○

Altimeter

Salinity
Sensor○ADEOS-II

GLI
AMSR

○

Aerosol
Size

PAR(SolarRad.)○○ADEOS-II

GLI
AMSR
SeaWinds

Surface
Wave○

Altimeter
SAR○

SeaWinds
Ocean
Parameter

Surface
WindsSpecificHumidity○

Sea-IceGeoid

CDOM

○

Geoidmission○○○

New GLIの海洋プロダクト群によるInterdisciplinary Research and新しい学際的研究・応用分野
Applications
from GLI Ocean Products Family- Physical-biological interaction processes-生物・物理相互作用過程- High-frequency small-scale coastal processes-急速に変動する小スケール沿岸海洋過程- -高解像度海洋生物・地球化学過程
High-resolution bio-geochemical oceanprocesses-全球の大スケール海洋生物・地球化学過程- Global basin-scale bio-geochemical processes

統合地球観測戦略への貢献
Contributions to the IGOS
１）海洋テーマ
1) OceanTheme
2) GlobalCarbon Observation Theme
２）全球炭素観測テーマ
3) CoastalTheme
３）沿岸テーマJ.Oceanography: Special Issue for ADEOS-II (2006)
Barton and Pearce (2005): Validation of GLI and Other Satellite-Derived Sea
Surface Temperatures Using Data from the Rottnest Island Ferry,Western Australia
Frouin and Murakami (2005): Estimating Photosynthetically Available
Radiation at the Ocean Surface from ADEOS-II Global Imager Data
Hosoda et al. (2005): Difference characteristics of sea surface temperatureobserved by GLI and AMSR aboard ADEOS-II
Ishizaka et al. (2005): Verification of Vertically Generalized Production Modeland Estimation of Primary Production in the Sagami Bay, Japan
Murakami and 22 authors(2005): Validation of ADEOS-2 GLI ocean color
products using in-situ Observations
Sakaida et al. (2005): Sea surface temperature observation by Global Imager(GLI)/ADEOS-II Algorithm and accuracy of the productSiswanto, Ishizaka and Yokouchi (2005): Optimal Primary Production Modeland Parameterization in the Eastern East China Sea
Tanaka et al. (2005): Developing an In-water Algorithm for GLI Using Neural
Network Technique with Optical Model Based on Optical Properties inEast China Sea, Ariake Sound and Isahaya BayToratani et al. (2005): Atmospheric correction scheme for GLI withabsorptive aerosol correction