Zero Emission Tokyo Strategy 2020 Update & Report

Overcoming the COVID-19 Crisisand Accelerating Climate Actions
for the Future© Tokyo Convention & Visitors Bureau

Zero Emission Tokyo Strategy

2020 Update & Reportthe Tokyo Metropolitan
Government (TMG) announced the Zero Emission Tokyo Strategy

COVID-19 crisis, the climate crisis cannot wait.

A little over a year has passed since

Even given theaiming for net zero CO2 emissions by 2050 with the purpose of starting actions against theclear and present crisis of climate change together with all of Tokyo residents andbusinesses to fulfill our responsibility as one of the world's largest cities.

To take action against the climate crisis that has become more serious, I announced the
Climate Emergency Declaration: TIME TO ACT recently.

During this time frame, society has undergone a drastic and rapid transformation in theface of two major crises: the threat of infectious diseases and the climate crisis.
The world is stepping up its pace toward building a decarbonized and sustainable social system.
A range of actors, such as nations, cities, and businesses, are competing with each other totake on the challenge of ambitious efforts that contribute to decarbonization. The world,from the business scene to every aspect of social life, is truly in an age of megacompetition for decarbonization.

To achieve the2050 goal of a Zero Emission Tokyo, actions taken during the decadeleading up to 2030 are extremely important.

In this strategy, we have advocated 2030 Carbon-Half Style as a new vision for socialchange in Tokyo by 2030 to show the approaches and directions of the change in eachpolicy area in order to accelerate effective efforts for decarbonization by keeping up withthe trends of the world.

Halve greenhouse gas emissions in Tokyo by

To avoid catastrophic damage caused by climate change and resolutely protect Tokyo
residents, andTo keep Tokyo an attractive city that draws investment and business partners by calling
attention to decarbonization,
In the spirit of the “TIME TO ACT” slogan, we will promote further collaboration to achieve
the global common goal of decarbonization by calling on, at every opportunity, all actors
in Japan and overseas to accelerate their actions.

“TIME TO ACT” – Now is the Time to Accelerate Effective Actions
For a Zero Emission Tokyo,
Let’s realize 2030 Carbon-Half Style2030.

People tend to focus only on short-term numbers or efforts. To achieve this extremely
challenging goal, we need to continue showing a vision of the decarbonized social system
Tokyo should aim for, how our lifestyles should fit in it, and how we can reach it.
What kind of measures will be needed for the next 10 years? We will share this issue with avariety of actors, including Tokyo residents, businesses, and organizations, to take action incooperation with all of them in addition to mobilizing a broad range of policies throughout
TMG.

March 2021

KOIKE Yuriko
Governor of Tokyo

03

09

01
CHAPTER 01

TRENDS IN CLIMATE CHANGE

19

Clear and Present Crises andthe World Is Reacting

51

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report
03

CHAPTER 01 CHAPTER 01 TRENDS IN CLIMATE CHANGE – Clear and Present Crises and the World Is Reacting

09

CHAPTER 02 UPDATING THE ZERO EMISSION TOKYO STRATEGY19

CHAPTER 03 ACCELERATING AND STRENGTHENING POLICY DEVELOPMENT

20
24
28
32
42
46

51

02

Strategy I Energy Sector

Strategy II Urban Infrastructure Sector (Buildings)

Strategy III Urban Infrastructure Sector (Transport)
Strategy IV Resource/Industry Sector

Strategy V Climate Change Adaptation Sector
Strategy VI Engagement and Inclusion

CHAPTER 04 REALIZING A ZERO EMISSION TOKYO

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report

Even given the COVID-19 crisis, the climate crisis cannot wait

Impact of major weather disasters in recent times
Melting glaciers

Forest fires

India (February 2021)

California, USA (2020)◆ Collapse of Himalayan glaciers
resulting in river flooding◆ More than 200 people dead or
missing

Threat of Infectious Diseases
and the Climate Crisis

Two Crises Facing
the World◆ Approx. 17,000 km2 burnt, equivalent
to the area of the Kanto Plain◆ Over 30 deaths
Approx. 10,000 buildings damaged

Crop damage (Desert locusts)

Forest fires

Africa and the Middle East (2020)

Southern and eastern Australia(July 2019 - March 2020)◆ Large outbreak attributed to heavy
rains of a cyclone◆ USD 8.5 billion estimated losses(JPY 902.7 billion *calculated using ¥106.2)◆ Over 35 million people* facing foodinsecurity◆ Approx. 190,000 km2 burnt,
affecting approx. 3 billion animals◆ Over AUD 2 billion estimatedinsurance losses(JPY 166.4 billion *calculated using ¥83.2)* Total in the most affected countries - Ethiopia,
Kenya, Somalia, the Sudan, and Yemen

Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Tokyo Shimbun, March 1, 2020

Extreme heat

Heavy rains

Throughout Japan (August 2020)

Throughout Japan (July 2020)◆ 41.1°C in Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka
Prefecture, on par with the highest
temperature in Japanese history◆ 43,060 patients seeking emergency carefor heatstroke throughout Japan in August◆ 84 deaths
16,599 houses damaged◆ JPY 220.8 billion damage to
agriculture, forestry, and fisheries* Record high for August since the survey started in 2008

Two crises threatening our future

Comparison of the number of above patients by FY in Tokyo

Since first being discovered in December 2019, COVID-19 has spread very quickly all over the world, becoming amajor crisis and having a tremendous impact on people’s health and daily lives, socioeconomics, and other aspects.
There are no signs of containment even after more than a year has passed since the outbreak.

1,800
1,500

* Greenhouse gases cause global warming. CO2 accounts for approximately 90% of greenhouse gases emitted from Tokyo.
Other greenhouse gases, such as fluorocarbons, account for approximately 10% in CO2 equivalent.

04

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report

900
600

2019
2020

1,574
1,270

1,200

Even in the midst of the fight against this pandemic, another crisis, that of the climate, relentlessly strikes us. Global
warming continues to rage around the world, bringing about unprecedented natural phenomena and lifethreatening disasters.
We must overcome the struggle with COVID-19, clearly acknowledge the climate crisis that has become more
serious, and continue to stand against the climate crisis.

1,717

668

676

300

0

Kurume City, Fukuoka Prefecture (photographed on July 8, 2020)
Source: Website of the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan

8/3–9

642

492

8/10–16

8/17–23

399
163

162

8/24–30

8/31–9/6

Source: Heat Stroke Information, Fire and Disaster Management Agency, Ministry ofInternal Affairs and Communications* The foreign exchange rate used in the above captions is the closing price at the end of February 2021

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report05Changes brought about by COVID-19

Various changes in society during the COVID-19 crisis

Environmental changes due to the stagnation of socio economic activities
Global CO2 emissions have fallen sharply due to the worldwide stagnation of socio economic activities caused by
the spread of COVID 19, resulting in an improved air environment. On the other hand, there is concern about
rebound from these changes with the resumption of activities.

Considering the post-corona era from a medium- to long-term perspective, we should not return to our previous
state but aim for a sustainable society by increasing our resolve to take action against the climate crisis.
■ Global CO2 emissions decreased by 5.8% from 2019
(Gt-CO2)
34

Financial crisis

Various changes have appeared during the COVID-19 crisis, such as longer periods spent at home and the use ofdigital technology. To realize a sustainable society, we have to strengthen our efforts in light of these changes.
■ Electricity demand in Tokyo decreased overall but demand for low voltage electricity for households etc. increased

Total of extra high voltage, high voltage, low voltage

Apr. May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
FY 2018

(%)
110

28
26

Largest annual percentage
decline since World War II

Temporary decrease then big rebound
2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020 (Yr.)

50■ Global air pollutants decrease during lockdown periods

State of emergency

104.6

108.1

104.9

Household waste
collected by 23 cities

111.3
99.3

100.3

76.6

75.0

July

Aug.

Comparison of NO2 concentrations in China
January 1 - 20, 2020
February 10 - 25, 2020
(Lockdown period)
March April 2019

86.1

78.5
58.8

Mar. 2020

Apr.

57.5
May

June

■ Package delivery volume increased(Thousand packages)
550,000

FY 2018
FY 2019
State of emergency

FY 2020500,000

March 13 April 13,
2020© Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2019 - 20),
processed by KNMI/ESA

Source: Website of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)(https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/146362/airborne-nitrogendioxide-plummets-over-china)■ PM2.5 concentration tends to improve year-on-year

Changes in PM2.5 concentrations at monitoring stations (46 general stations) in Tokyo

83.0

80.6

State of emergency

103.1

80.8

103.4

99.1

Sep.

Oct.

79.0

Nov.

Dec.

72.5

72.1

Jan. 2021

Feb.

■ More businesses use digital technology

IT measures taken against the spread of COVID-19
Introduction of remote work system
Introduction/addition of remote accessenvironment

40%

29%

25%
26%

300,000

Extensive digitization of in-house
documents, including application forms

Extensive digitization of transaction
documents, including contracts

Establishment of satellite offices (additional
business bases to the head office)Apr. May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.

Source: Truck Transport Information for December 2020, Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism(https://www.mlit.go.jp/k-toukei/content/001388225.pdf)

Cloud-based file servers(file sharing tools)

40%

27%

14% 5% 8%

26%

13% 4% 7%

25%

17%

6% 9%

20%

16%

20%

12%

7%

13%

14%

19%

13%

7%

13%

18%

18%

10% 4% 8%

16%

13% 5% 10%

Online recruitment activities, including
company information sessions, interviews
Adoption of Bring Your Own Device(BYOD)

20%
12% 3% 7%

13%

Online sales activities, including
business talks

Introduction/addition of information
security tools

0

37%

38%

36%

8% 11%

21%

15%

12%

7%

17%

26%

14%

11% 10%15%

14%

11% 5% 7%

12%

10% 7% 12%

18%
30%

Enhancement/review of the corporatewebsite21%

12%

11% 7% 11%

Start of online service business

21%

12%

10% 5% 9%

Online sales channels,
including a new EC site

19%

12%

10% 5% 8%

12%

9% 7%

Cloud-based mission-critical system
In progress or scheduled to be implemented
within 3 months
Scheduled to be implemented with no target
date determined

15

20%

25%

Purchase/provision of additional PCs/
mobile devices

350,000

250,000

60%

Already implemented with no new action taken

State of emergency

2020

98.7

Enhancement of network infrastructure

400,000

2019

96.2

Introduction/addition ofcommunication tools

450,000

2018

101.9

Brought-in
business waste

Source: Trend of the Amount of Waste Brought into Incineration Plants, Clean Authority of TOKYO (https://www.union.tokyo23-seisou.lg.jp/kanri/documents/influence-of-covid19.pdf)

Comparison of NO2 concentrations in Europe

27%

15%

Implemented as an emergency measure andcompleted
Scheduled to be implemented in FY 2020

Source: Survey of the Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis on Corporate IT Trends (April2020), ITR Corporation(https://www.itr.co.jp/company/press/200512PR.html)

13
11
9
7

06

Apr. May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.

FY 202090
70

Source: Global Energy Review: CO2 Emissions in 2020, IEA (https://www.iea.org/articles/global-energy-review-CO2-emissions-in-2020)

5

FY 2019■ As for the amount brought into 23 cities’ incineration plants, household waste increased but business waste decreased from 2019–5.8%

(ug/m3)17

1,800,000

Source: Electricity Survey Statistics, Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (https://www.enecho.meti.go.jp/statistics/electric_power/ep002/results.html)

30

2004

2,800,000

6,000,000

FY 2017

32

24

(MWh)
3,800,000

7,000,000

5,000,000

COVID-19

Low voltage(MWh)8,000,000

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sep.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

* Preliminary results are shown
for April to December 2020

We need to strengthen efforts toward the realization of a sustainable
society, taking into account changes brought about by COVID-19

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report

07The Dawn of the Era of Mega-Competition—Zero Emissions
Becoming Mainstream in the World
Trend of decarbonization expanding around the world■ The world powers make a big shift to decarbonization■ 124 countries and one region haveWith many nations aiming for decarbonization, the United States andChina, two of the world’s largest economic powers with the largest CO2
emissions, as well as Japan have begun to make a big move toward
decarbonization.

announced the goal of carbon
neutrality by 2050 (as of January 20, 2021)

USA announced net zero GHG emissions by 2050, rejoining the Paris
Agreement (Feb. 2021)

CHAPTER 02

China announced net zero CO2 emissions by 2060 (Sept. 2020)
Japan declared net zero GHG emissions by 2050 (Oct. 2020)

Source: Website of Agency for Natural Resources andEnergy, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry■ Worldwide trend of a green recovery

In European and other countries, there is a movement aiming for a green recovery to “build back better” from the
COVID-19 crisis while coping with the climate crisis, strongly promoting the transition to a decarbonized society.
EU considered climate change measures as one of coreelements in the recovery fund, allocating more than
30% of the entire budget to this end
UK mobilized GBP 12 billion (approx. JPY 1.7 trillion) ofgovernment funds through the Ten Point Plan for a
Green Industrial Revolution (Nov. 2020)

Germany utilized more than EUR 33 billion (approx. JPY
4.1 trillion) for climate change measures through theComprehensive Economic Stimulus Package (June 2020)
South Korea appropriated KRW 73.4 trillion (approx.
JPY 7.3 trillion) for environmental measures throughthe Korean New Deal (July 2020)

Source: Material for the 146th Global Environment Subcommittee, Ministry of the Environment

Expansion of frameworks developed by cities and businesses■ The world’s largest framework formed by non-state actors: Race To Zero

The UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change) launched an international campaign, Race To Zero, to bring
together ambitious efforts of non-state actors toward a shift to a
decarbonized society.

Participants consist of 471 cities
including Tokyo, 22 regions, 1,675
businesses, 85 major investors, and
569 universities (as of March 22, 2021)■ International initiatives of businesses aiming for decarbonization

SBT (Science Based Target)
615 certified businesses including 91 Japanese businesses* GHG emission reduction targets set by businesses to hold the temperature rise to 1.5°C

Expanded decarbonization movement ineconomic activities

In addition, there is an active movement to raise funds to promotedecarbonization. Green or sustainability bonds are actively used topromote business that contributes to environmental improvement,
resulting in an increase in the amount issued worldwide.

291 participating businesses including 50
Japanese businesses* Efforts aimed at covering all business operations withrenewable power alone

Source: Website of the Ministry of the Environment (Mar. 9, 2021)■ Changes in the issuance of green bonds in the world
3,000

Issuance

2,500

2,675 2,699

2,000

1,719
1,579

1,500
1,000

840

500
8

43

9

4

36 113

13

2020

2019

2018

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report(Yr.)

Source: Changes in the Issuance of Green Bonds in the World, Ministry of the Environment

The world is in the era of mega-competition for decarbonization
Tokyo needs to continue its efforts in light of this trend

08

2017

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

0

368 446
2007

In this way, the promotion of decarbonization has become a major
premise for all businesses to continue their economic activities.

RE100 (Renewable Energy 100%)

Total issuance in USD hundred million

Mainly at global businesses, there is a growing movement thatrequests decarbonization efforts from business partners todecarbonize the entire supply chain.

02

UPDATING THE ZEROEMISSION TOKYOSTRATEGY2030 is an important milestone for the realization of a Zero Emission Tokyo

Necessity of accelerating actions toward the extremely important
next decadeZero Emission Tokyo Strategy

Formulation of the Zero Emission Tokyo
Strategy in December 2019
Clarifying net zero CO2 emissions by
2050 to start taking action

TIME TO ACT

Now is the Time to Accelerate
Effective Actions
Accelerating actions against exacerbated climate crisis● The climate crisis has become even more serious as the world faces anunprecedented crisis due to rampant COVID-19 spread.

● Actions taken during the decade leading up to 2030 are extremely important for therealization of net zero CO2 emissions by 2050. This is our last chance to safeguard thefuture of planet Earth.

● As the world makes rapid progress toward decarbonization, Tokyo must further
accelerate its actions as one of the world’s largest cities.

TIME TO ACT: Tokyo Takes the Lead in Accelerating Actions

A decarbonization strategy to realize aTokyo that serves as a pioneer for the
future and continues to light the way

Zero Emission Tokyo Strategy

To pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5ºC and realize a
Zero Emission Tokyo that will contribute to achieving net zero CO2emissions worldwide by 2050, TMG formulated the Zero Emission Tokyo
Strategy in December 2019.

We started a range of policies, sharing awareness of the climate crisis
facing us, clarifying what we should aim for by 2050, practical efforts to be
made, and roadmaps for the future, and calling on Tokyo residents,
businesses, and organizations to assist in decarbonization actions.

Zero Emission

A Sustainability and Resilience
Strategy Pursuing 1.5ºC

For details, visit the website of the Bureau of Environment,
Tokyo Metropolitan Government.

Sustainable recovery from the COVID-19 crisis
COVID-19 has spread all over the world very quickly, damaging socio-economic situations, changing people’s lives andbehaviors, and causing a change in the mindset for climate change.

In European and other countries, there is a movement aiming for a green recovery to “build back better” from the
COVID-19 crisis while coping with the climate crisis. TMG is promoting sustainable recovery that expands the perspective
to a more sustainable lifestyle as well as protecting the environment by making full use of digital technology.

During the decade up to 2030, which is a critical date on the way
to net zero CO2 emissions by 2050, the movement toward
decarbonization is accelerating around the world
Even given the COVID-19 crisis, the climate crisis cannot wait.

According to the Special Report of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change), limiting the rise in global average temperature to 1.5°C■ Global GHG emission reduction targets

2030 targets● Requires global CO2 emissions to be approximately halved by 2030 andEU

55% from 1990

● Which, in turn, requires a rapid and extensive transition to net zero in

London60% from 1990

Many nations are competing with each other to promote climate change
measures toward decarbonization by raising targets or developing
pioneering initiatives.

Paris

50% from 2004

New York

40% from 2005

net zero by 2050,

energy, urban, infrastructure, and industrial systems.

(As of the end of Feb. 2021)

For a sustainable society and economy in the future
To fulfill its responsibility as a major consumer of energy and resources,
TMG announced the Climate Emergency Declaration: TIME TO ACT toaccelerate actions against the climate crisis that has become more serious.

■ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Actions against the climate crisis also contribute to solving social issues,
such as health and livelihoods, security of resources and food, and areimportant factors for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
For a brighter future, Tokyo will take the lead in accelerating actions.

(Website of United Nations Information Centre)

10

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report11Announcing a 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions
in Tokyo by 2030

Ambitious target to accelerate actions—
Announcing “Carbon Half” to halve GHG emissions by 2030
In January 2021, the governor of Tokyo announced that TMG will reduce GHG emissions in Tokyo by 50% compared to2000 by 2030 in order to accelerate and strengthen actions taken during the decade up to 2030.

▲

Reduction of GHG emissions in Tokyo
compared to 2000▲

Reduction of energy consumption inTokyo compared to 2000

38% ⇒ 50%*▲

(Existingtargets)

Percentage of power generated byrenewable energy

Approx. 30% ⇒ Approx. 50%*

Greenhouse gases are composed of energy-related CO2 emitted from the final energy consumption including electricity,
CO2 from the incineration of waste, and other greenhouse gases, such as fluorocarbons and methane. To achieve “Carbon
Half” by 2030 and net zero CO2 emissions by 2050, we need to accelerate decarbonization actions in all fields.
■ Sector breakdown of greenhouse gas emissions in Tokyo (preliminary results for FY 2018)

Other greenhouse gases 10.3%
Waste

Transport sector

The trend toward zero emission vehicles is also accelerating
In countries and cities around the world, the trend toward zero emission vehicles is accelerating rapidly.

In December 2020, TMG announced that it will phase out the sale of new gasoline-only passenger cars and motorcycles
in Tokyo to stay in line with world trends, demonstrate its commitment to being a leading eco-friendly city, and connect
its excellent environmental technology to the sustainable growth of the Japanese economy.

▲

Phasing out the sale of new gasoline-only passenger cars in Tokyo ⇒ 100%(by 2030)▲

Phasing out the sale of new gasoline-only motorcycles in Tokyo ⇒ 100%(by 2035)

Industrial sector

2.8%
15.1%

63.93
Mt-CO230% ⇒ 50%*

* TMG will discuss further these targets and initiatives for these aspects in the Tokyo Metropolitan Environmental Council

6.5%

39.6%

25.7%
Residential sector

Industrial sector: Factories (manufacturing,
construction, etc.)
Commercial sector: Offices, restaurants,
schools
Residential sector: Residential buildings
Transport sector: Vehicles, railways
Waste: Incineration of waste
Other greenhouse gases: Fluorocarbons,
methaneEnergy-related CO2

For the realization of “Carbon Half” by 2030, it is indispensable to strongly promote a further increase in energy efficiency
and shift to the use of decarbonized energy. To this end, we aim to reduce energy consumption by 50% and increase thepercentage of power generated by renewable energy to approximately 50% of the total sourced.

Accelerating action in all areas is essential to reduce greenhousegas emissions

Commercial sector* Other greenhouse gases are CO2 equivalents

Responsibility of the metropolis of Tokyo: Contribution to reducing CO2
emissions in other regions

Activities and lifestyle choices in Tokyo lead to CO2 emissions inother regions at home and abroad■ CO resulting from urban activities
2

In Tokyo, a huge amount of energy, resources, and products
are consumed and then discharged as waste. Most of theenergy, products, and resources used in Tokyo are produced
or extracted in other regions of Japan or overseas. Tokyo alsorelies on other regions for the recycling and final disposal of
its waste. As one of the largest cities in the world, Tokyo
needs to take the initiative in reducing CO2 emissions in Japanand overseas.

CO2
emissions

Fuelconsumption

Other regions
CO2
emissionsCO2emissionsElectricity

Powergeneration

Incineration

Production

Cement production
Metal refining
Resource extraction
Agricultural
production etc.

Resources,
products,
agricultural
products

Other regions

Urban activities in Tokyo
Waste

CO2
emissionsTropical deforestation
CO2 emissions
Biodiversity loss etc.

Incineration,
recycling/
final disposal

CO2emissions

Other regions

Considering FY 2021 as the starting point for phasing out gasoline-only vehicles, TMG will promote the spread of zero
emission vehicles by subsidizing vehicle purchases and infrastructure development as well as fostering momentum. In
addition, by accelerating proactive actions in collaboration with the national government and automobile manufacturers,
TMG will strive to make vehicles zero emission.
* Non-gasoline-only vehicles include ZEVs, such as electric vehicles (EVs), plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHVs), and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), and hybrid vehicles (HVs)■ Greenhouse gas emissions from 96 C40 member

cities based on production and consumption

2.9 Bt-CO2

Production-based
GHG emissions incities

4.5 Bt-CO2

Consumption-based
GHG emissions in cities

12

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report

In its report published in 2019, C40 (C40 Cities Climate
Leadership Group) indicates the importance of considering
consumption-based greenhouse gas emissions.

● Greenhouse gas emissions based on production in the C40

member cities are 2.9 Bt-CO2, and those based on
consumption are 4.5 Bt-CO2● Greenhouse gas emissions based on consumption in the C40

member cities are projected to nearly double by 2050

Source: The Future of Urban Consumption in a 1.5°C World, C40 Cities Headline Report

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report

13

Reconstruction of the socio-economic structure is inevitable to achieve“Carbon Half” by 2030

Realizing Carbon-Half Style will bring about a sustainable city

Society in 2030 will define the future

A vision of social change toward 2030

Carbon-Half Style

The 2030 Carbon-Half Style advocated by TMG is not only a vision of social change that will be realized by 2030, but also
actions or behaviors toward “Carbon Half.”
What we are in 2030 virtually defines what society will look like in 2050. We need to turn the entire social system,
including lifestyles and business models, in 2030 into a sustainable version capable of halving our carbon output.
TMG’s visions of change include:2030 Carbon-Half Style (Excerpt)
Renewableenergy● The path to realize “Carbon Half” by 2030 is by no means smooth, and it cannot bereached with merely gradual changes.
● We need to implement reconstruction and redesigning that will decarbonize thesocio-economic structure in all fields, including business, civic life, and urban
development, in addition to strengthening existing efforts.

TMG advocates “2030 Carbon-Half Style” as a vision for social change
for “Carbon Half” by 2030
■ Trend of GHG emissions etc.
80

Energy consumption (PJ)

63.93 Mt-CO2(FY 2018)(FY 2000)

60

Buildings● Progress in the standardization of zero emission buildings at the time of construction and thetransition of existing buildings to zero emission buildings● Buildings forming cities to be decarbonized to attract sustainable investments etc.

Houses● Progress in the standardization of zero-emission specifications for new houses and the provisionof high thermal insulation for existing houses● Resilient and healthy houses acting as a safety net for the life of Tokyo residents

Civic life

● Shift to a sustainable and prosperous lifestyle through the review of energy use andconsumption behavior

Mobility● Establishment of environmentally friendly multi-energy stations as social infrastructure● Widespread ZEVs, from small to large sizes, due to diversified vehicle types; progress in mobility
reform to deliver a society using autonomous driving and MaaS capable of meeting diverse needs● Larger market for zero emission motorcycles accelerating the phaseout of gasoline-only
motorcycles

Resources● A resilient waste treatment system established based on the system with no manual operationand various 3R routes● Mainstreaming 2R (reduce & reuse) businesses, including selling by weight, sharing, andreusable containers● Shift to a sustainable circular society focusing on curbing food waste

CO2 50%reduction

800

62.2 Mt-CO2

Hydrogen● Accelerating the use of hydrogen energy while expanding the supply and demand of hydrogenin the Tokyo metropolitan area
● Building the foundation for the use of hydrogen generated from renewable energy etc. from2030 onward

2030 “Carbon Half”

GHG emissions (Mt-CO2)

RenewableenergyApprox. 50%

Energyconsumption
50% reduction

600

2030
2050 CO2
Net zero

Fluorocarbons
40

400
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 (FY)

Energy consumption in Tokyo(preliminary results for FY 2018)

Results (PJ)

From 2000

Industrial

49.6–48.6%

608.3

Commercial

244.0

Transport

127.8

Residential

186.8–24.2%(preliminary results for FY 2018)

SectorResults (Mt-CO2)

From 2000

Industrial

4.17–38.6%

Total

63.93

2.8%

–7.1%

Commercial

25.30–50.3%

Transport

9.64–45.4%

6.57

102.5%

0.7%* Secondary energy equivalents are used forelectricity calculation

14● Progress in non-fluorocarbon air conditioners and freezer refrigerators, resulting in moreproducts of such kind on the market● Expansion of efforts to eliminate fluorocarbon leakage

GHG emissions in Tokyo

Sector
Total

2050● Expansion of solar power generator installation and self-consumption in Tokyo in collaboration
with private businesses and others● Urban development premised on the use of renewable energy, including the use of electricity
from renewable energy generated outside Tokyo and the utilization of decarbonized heat

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report

Residential
Waste

Other gases

16.46
1.79

23.6%
28.3%
49.3%

• Energy consumption passed its peak around FY 2000

• Greenhouse gas emissions increased due to worsening

CO2 emission factors of electricity after the Great East
Japan Earthquake, but have decreased since FY 2012
because of reduced energy consumption andimprovements in the emission factors* The CO2 emission factors of electricity are calculated by applying
an emission factor for each fiscal year

By establishing a social foundation for decarbonization through these changes andgoing beyond the target of halving GHG emissions in 2030, TMG will realize● a more resilient, afﬂuent, and livable city and● an attractive city that encourages decarbonized business activities and attracts
investment and business partners, which will lead to urban development thattakes into account SDGs, including health and sustainable consumption

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report

15

Let’s start efforts and actions to halve CO2 right now!

TIME TO ACT for

To realize “Carbon Half,” each and every participant, including citizens,businesses, and administration, must work on halving CO2 right now.

Carbon-Half Style
Life

Examples of efforts

15.3%(preliminary results for FY 2018)

Clean electricity, such as
from wind or solar

LPG 1.3%

No CO2

Fuel oil
16.5%
City gas
15.4%

CO2
CO2

Electricity
66.7%

A refrigerator uses electricity 24 hours a day,365 days a year.
Half of households do not have power saving
measures.

47%

52%

Yes

Households taking
measures for arefrigerator emit
less CO2No
Not applicable/don’t know 1%Yes

CO2 emitted

No

1.75

0.5

1.0

Electricity

0.89
1.5

City gas

2.0

200

2.55

0.08

LPG

2.5

0.05

Kerosene

Think about how you usually move around.
Cycling or walking as well as ZEVs can reduce
CO2 emissions.
TMG is developing bicycle routes.
(km)
600

Development of bicycle routes

Approx. 550 km*

500
400

4.0

0

2019

2030

* A total of approximately 900 km will be developed in linewith a project to remove roadside utility poles and a city
planning road project* An additional approximately 45 km will be developed in parallel withthe development of coastal and other roads

Source: “Tokyo in the Future” Strategy

167● Development, supply, and sale ofnon-gasoline-only vehicles● Business activities using 100% renewable energy● Supply of houses with solar panels andstorage batteries

secondary raw materials● Reduction of food waste, selection of sustainable food, water efficiency, reduction of plastics, etc.

188

209 200

Improved thermal insulation performance of ahouse is important not only as an energy efficiency
measure but also for the health of its inhabitants.

353 337

293

248

Kerosene
LPG

180 190

City gas

Tokyo is home to many roofs that are suitable
for solar power generation.
Moreover, solar power generation equipment
can be installed with no setup costs.
By using leasing or other means, solar power generation equipment
can be installed with no setup costs incurred by homeowners.
This is a good chance for homeowners to commence using solar
panels. Homeowners can rest assured that repair services will be
provided in the event of a failure.

Project for Promoting
Residential Solar Power
Generation with No Setup Costs

Apr. May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.

Source: FY 2018 Statistics Survey on CO2 Emissions from the
Residential Sector (Final Values), Ministry of the Environment

Eliminating food waste or purchasingsustainable products will help reduce CO2
outside Tokyo.

In Life, In BusinessGreenhouse gases are emitted as food goes through the various
processes, including production, processing, and distribution, it
takes to reach us. They account for 21-37% of global emissions.
According to an estimate, approximately half of the world’s
emissions are related to the production of commodities.
greenhouse gas emissions

100

195

● Realization of zero emission facilities● Higher resource efficiency, more use of

Electricity

Approx. 300 km

200
0

233

21-37% of total

300

products● Proper disposal of air conditioners(fluorocarbon recovery)

100

3.03

0.07
3.0
3.5

Source: FY 2018 Statistics Survey on CO2 Emissions from the Residential Sector(Final Values), Ministry of the Environment

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report● Selection and purchase of sustainable

Seasonal changes in
CO2 emissions in FY 2018
(Kg-CO2/household/month)
400

300

0.05

0.67

2.02

0
(t-CO2)

16(Participating in the Renewable Electricity Together campaign)

CO2 emissions increase more in winter than insummer. However, only approximately 20% ofhouses have adequate thermal insulation.

Refrigerator temperature is set between “Normal" and “Colder” in summer and at “Cold” in other seasons

Electricity produced byburning natural gas or coalThis is an initiative to help use clean electricity as well as lower
electricity bills by recruiting prospective purchasers of clean
electricity to increase purchasing power. Switching is so easy!

● Selection and purchase of renewable power

Resource
efficiency, useof recycledresources, etc.

Annual CO2 emissions per household by energy typeHouseholds that cannot place solar panels on
the roof can also use renewably sourced
electricity, or “clean” electricity, by switching
electricity contracts.

● Solar panel installation and self-consumption(Equipment installation,
power use)

For your reference:
Status quo in Tokyo

Breakdown of energy-related CO2
emissions in Tokyo● Use of ZEVs

Renewableenergy* Action aimed at realizing not only CO2 reduction but also SDGs, including health and sustainable consumption

insulated houses● Promotion of zero emission district development● Reductions in supply chains

you can start working on to halve CO2 right now
toward 2030. Let's take action!

● Construction and supply of ZEBs and highly● Thermal insulation of house/rooms(Improving energy
efficiency)

2030 Carbon-Half Style*

Approximately 70% of CO2 comes fromelectricity, most of which is produced byburning fossil fuels.

● Use of high-efficiency home appliances● Sustainable products/services

Energyefficiency

Please find your own

Business

Approx. 6.2Gt

Agriculture & livestock industries

Approx. 4.9Gt

Land use change

Energyefficiency

Approx.

2.6-5.2Gt

Food processing,
distribution, cooking,consumption, etc.

Source: IPCC. Climate
Change andLand 2019

RenewableenergyRecycledresources

Resource
efficiency

Createyour own“Carbon Half”
Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report17

Updating the Zero Emission Tokyo Strategy to accelerate actions toward 2030
Strengthening strategies to realize “Carbon Half” by 2030
The Zero Emission Tokyo Strategy, formulated in December 2019, systematized priorities for TMG into six sectors
and 14 policies, and clarified the goals for 2050 and the targets and actions for 2030.

In order to accelerate the actions over the next decade, this update has strengthened the targets (milestones) to bereached. It advocates 2030 Carbon-Half Style as a vision of social change necessary to realize “Carbon Half” by
2030 and shows the approaches toward 2030 Carbon-Half Style and the efforts to be immediately accelerated andstrengthened.
TMG will promote the update by considering it as an initiative based on the “Tokyo in the Future” Strategy
formulated in March 2021 as a new guiding principle for TMG.

Goal—Visions

UpdateTokyo’s visions for 2050

Strengthening five 2030 targets● GHG emissions● Phasing out the sale of

new gasoline-onlypassenger cars in Tokyo● Phasing out the sale of
new gasoline-only
motorcycles in Tokyo*● Energy consumption● Percentage of power

generated byrenewable energy* 2035 target

2050

Items needing a leap to reach the goal
Targets to reach by 2030

2030

94 efforts immediately accelerated andstrengthened
26 visions for 2030 Carbon-Half Style

The image or vision of social change necessary for 2030

● 36 approaches for 2030 Carbon-Half Style

2020■ Six sectors and 14 policies to promote specific efforts(1) Make renewable energy a major energy source(2) Expand the use of hydrogen energy

Urban infrastructure
sector [Buildings](3) Expansion of zero emission buildings

Urban infrastructure
sector [Transport](4) Promote the spread of zero emission
vehicles (ZEVs)

Resource/industry sector(5) 3Rs(7) Food waste

Climate change
adaptation sector(9) Strengthening adaptation measures

NEW Tokyo Climate
Change Adaptation PlanEngagement andinclusion(10) Cooperate with various actors in movements and reform of social systems(11) Strengthen cooperation with local municipalities(13) Strengthen cooperation with cities and non-states actors around the world(12) TMG’s initiatives for its own sustainability(14) Promote sustainable finance(6) Plastics(8) Fluorocarbons* Individual plans and strategies have been formulated for sectors requiring prioritized measures.
In FY 2020, three new plans were formulated: Tokyo Food Loss and Waste Reduction Plan,
Tokyo Climate Change Adaptation Plan, and Zero Emission TMG Action Plan.

18

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & ReportZEV Promotion Strategy
Plastic Strategy
NEW Food Loss and Waste Reduction Plan

NEW Zero Emission TMG Action Plan

Realizing a Zero Emission Tokyo

Energy sector

CHAPTER 03

ACCELERATING AND
STRENGTHENING POLICYDEVELOPMENT

Challenges—Improvements

Milestone—Waypoint to the goal

03

Strategy I Energy Sector
Policy1

Make renewable energy a majorenergy source

Accelerating Actions* Renewable energy is part of the earth’s resources, such as sunlight, wind, and geothermal heat, and always exists in nature.

Necessity of making renewable energy a major energy source

major power source

emissions in Tokyo by fuel type

■ Standardization of local production and consumption of renewable(preliminary results for FY 2018)● Approximately 70% of CO2 emissions in Tokyo are related toenergy and energy sharing

Others 0.0%

power consumption. Since almost all electricity is supplied
from other regions, decarbonizing the electricity supplied
from the power grid is crucial. We also realize the need topromote the decarbonization of thermal energy at thenational as well as local level.

Key targets toward 2030

Fuel oil 16.5%
Liquefied PetroleumGas 1.3%● Considering the future era of massive introduction and supplyof renewable energy, local production and consumption ofrenewable energy, which does not impose a heavy load on
the power grid, is important for improving local resilience.

Electricity
66.7%

City gas 15.4%

2030

▲
▲
▲
▲

●

Percentage of power generated by renewable energy
Energy consumption compared to 2000

15.3% (FY 2018)
Reduced by 24.2%

Installation of solar power generation equipment in Tokyo
Renewable power used at TMG facilities(governor’s bureaus/departments)

572-MW (total in FY 2018)
Approx. 3% (FY 2019)

The use of electricity from renewable energy and the installation ofsolar power generation equipment is expanding year on year inTokyo. TMG facilities have started using power entirely fromrenewable energy, including a 100% renewable power purchasepolicy at the TMG city hall and post-FIT electricity generated in Tokyo●

TMG is promoting the introduction of equipment by residents andbusinesses in Tokyo through its financial support, helping introducing
equipment locally producing/consuming renewable energy in buildings
and solar power generation on home roofs with no setup costs

Percentage of power
generated byrenewable energy

Energy consumption
compared to 2000

Installation of solar power
generation equipment inTokyo

Renewable power used at
TMG facilities (governor’s
bureaus/departments)

Approx. 50%

50% reduction

1.3 GW100%

renewable power generated in Tokyo●(preliminary results for FY 2018)leading to the introduction of new renewableenergy equipment outside Tokyo (Corporate
PPAs in collaboration with regions outside
Tokyo*)●●●■ Considerations for shift to renewable

power answered by households interested
in switching to renewable power

(%)
40.0
30.0

Further expand the use of renewable energy atbuildings and the supply of renewable power inTokyo through the Tokyo Cap & Trade Program andother policy programs● Develop movement for expanding the use of renewable
power together with RE100 declaration businesses●■ Adjustment of supply and demand in

anticipation of the massive introduction andsupply of renewable energy

Promote a campaign, which intends to increase the numberof people purchasing renewable power at a low price even
if it is difficult to install solar panels on the roof top of theirhouses, throughout Tokyo metropolitan area and Japan

Implement a model project based on the VPP*
mechanism in the Minami-Osawa district to promote
the self-consumption of renewable power and energy
sharing centered on local renewable power generation■ Full use of renewable power at TMG facilities

Promote the TMG Renewable Power Plan that will
aggressively use power entirely from renewable energy
at TMG facilities, including post-FIT electricity
generated by Tokyo residents● Install solar power generation equipment on homeroofs, TMG facilities, etc. in the islands area in Tokyo.
Use the generated power at TMG facilities in theseislands while installing power storage equipment thatcan be used in a disaster or emergency
●

21.6%

20.0

19.8%

15.6%

10.0

■ Standardization of the installation of renewable energy equipment inTokyo and other regions and the use of renewable power in Tokyo
10.4%

●

0.3%
OthersAdditional
services

Environmental
consciousness

Confidence inbusinesses

Simpleswitchingprocedures

0.0

Expansion of solar power generator installation and self-consumption in Tokyo incollaboration with private businesses and others
Urban development premised on the use of renewable energy, including the use ofelectricity from renewable energy generated outside Tokyo and the utilization of
decarbonized heatApproaches for 2030 Carbon-Half Style

32.5%

Economicadvantages

Some large facilities in Tokyo are introducing equipment by themselves, but only
approximately 9% of them have renewed their contract to that for renewable
power and only approximately 5% of households have done the same. A survey
conducted by TMG shows that approximately 50% of Tokyo residents are interested
in the use of renewable power, citing prices and other economic advantages aswell as simple switching procedures as considerations for shift to renewable power.

through a program under TMG ordinancesand cooperating with businesses

2030 Carbon-Half Style - Visions for social change▲

Shift to the use of renewable power is at the beginning stage

Prepare a demonstration project to realize a Zero Emission
Island aiming for supplying power entirely from renewableenergy on Hahajima, Ogasawara islands in Tokyo

power use at households etc.

▲

Solar panels have been installed on approximately only 4% of buildings deemed“suitable (including conditionally suitable)” for the installation in the Tokyo Rooftop
Solar Register (potential map) etc. As the purchase price under the national FIT
system* decreases or the quantity of equipment for which the purchase period of
FIT has ended increases from 2019 onwards, we need to expand the introductionof renewable energy based on the characteristics of Tokyo.

* Expanding thenumber of 100
declaration
businesses■ Expanding the use of renewable energy●■ Expanding actions for switching to renewable■ Tokyo rooftop solar register (potential map)

More frequent heavy rains and other natural disasters further emphasize theimportance of sustainable urban development that can maintain urban functions
even in a disaster or emergency. That is why the local production andconsumption of renewable energy is attracting more attention, and contributes
to securing a stable lifeline even in such a natural disaster.

Almost all power is supplied from outside Tokyo.
Therefore, start subsidizing the installation of new
renewable power equipment in other regions for
consumers in Tokyo. Promote actions by consumers
to use renewable power in Tokyo via power grid

■ Promoting a zero emission island

Renewable electricity group buying project“Renewable Electricity Together” campaign logo

Installation of solar power generation equipment in Tokyo isat the beginning stage

Further promote the introduction of solar panels withno initial costs and support captive uses of solar
power by the installation of storage batteries■ A corporate power procurement agreement

Local production and consumption of renewable power
contributing to improvements in resilience●

Source: Survey by the Bureau of Environment, Tokyo
Metropolitan Government in October 2020●

2020
* The national government’s system for purchasing renewable power from a power generator at a fixed price for a certain period

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & ReportNEW■ Promoting local production and consumption of

TMG is also promoting the use of renewable power by Tokyo
residents through a renewable electricity group buying project,
and the use of renewable energy by businesses in Tokyo througha mechanism to encourage the use of renewable power with theTokyo Cap & Trade Program

Trends in renewable energy

20

NEW

Efforts immediately accelerated and strengthened

Status quo of making renewable energy a major energy source●

All energy used to be decarbonized■ Supply of fully decarbonized electricity using renewable energy as a

■ Breakdown of energy-related CO2

decarbonized society, it is essential to maximize energy
consumption efficiency and switch to decarbonized energy.

Status quo▲● Tokyo is a major consumer of energy. To realize a

Visions for 2050

In collaboration with private businesses, strongly promote theinstallation of solar panels and the self-consumption ofgenerated power through installation of storage batteries totake full advantage of installation potential

Expand power purchase that will lead to the installation of new
renewable energy equipment outside Tokyo to take advantageof the large demand for electricity in Tokyo (Promotion of
Corporate PPAs in collaboration with regions outside Tokyo)

Further promote the use of electricity and heat from renewableenergy used for urban development and existing buildings
through programs under the TMG ordinances, such as theProgram on Effective Use of District Energy■ Breakdown of energy

consumption in Tokyo by fuel type(preliminary results for FY 2018)

Utilization of decarbonizedheat and promotion ofelectrification in applicable
fields(Efforts to expand the use of
CO2-free hydrogen fromrenewable energy)

●

LPG
2.0%

Fuel oil
21.9%
City gas
28.7%

Electricity
47.4%

Expansion of the use ofrenewable power(Installation of renewable power
equipment and shift torenewable power)

Consider a new mechanism for fundamentally enhancing the
installation of PV equipment on housing/building roofs andthe expansion of renewable power use in Tokyo* Power purchase agreement that promises to purchase electricity from renewable power sources for a certain period of time
* Virtual Power Plant. A mechanism for centrally controlling, as if it were a single power plant, demand, generation, and storage of electricity, utilizing IoT and the cloud

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report21Strategy I Energy Sector
Policy2

Accelerating Actions

Expand the use of hydrogen energy▲

Necessity of expanding the use of hydrogen energy

Visions for 2050

● Hydrogen has many excellent features, such as diversification of■ Supporting massive introduction and supply of renewable energy withenergy supply and emergency response, allows energy storage oflarge amounts and for long periods, and is also prospective as an
adjusting power at the time of the massive introduction and supplyof renewable power. Utilizing hydrogen is expected to facilitate thedecarbonization of thermal energy that is difficult to electrify.

hydrogen■ Full use of CO2-free hydrogen in all fields.

CO2-free hydrogen as one of the pillars of energy supporting adecarbonized society● TMG will actively promote the effective use of hydrogen-related

technologies, advance energy efficiency and decarbonization in all
fields, and encourage the revitalization of the market and further
technological innovation, backing up the market from various
perspectives, such as institutional and financial aspects. We willproceed with examination into the utilization of CO2-free hydrogenfrom renewable energy and the use of hydrogen energy looking aheadto the era of massive introduction and supply of renewable energy.

Key targets toward 2030
Water electrolysis
deviceFuel cell

2030

Status quo of expanding the use of hydrogen energy▲

Status quo

▲
▲
▲
▲

●

●

Introduction of fuel cell vehicles
Expanded use of residential fuel cells
Expanded use of commercial and industrial fuel cells
Introduction of fuel cell buses
Development of hydrogen stations

Fuel cells have been attracting attention in recent years as devices
that also contribute to improvements in resilience, but are yet tobecome widespread.

Hydrogen stations need financial support for development asthey are expensive at the development phase as well as
during operation.

●

NEW

NEW

Phasing out the saleof new gasoline-onlypassenger cars

Phasing out the saleof new gasoline-only
motorcycles

Expanded use ofresidential fuelcells

Expanded use ofcommercial andindustrial fuel cells

Introduction ofzero emission
buses

100%

100%*

1 million

30 MW

300+

■ Supporting the introduction of vehicles andequipment looking ahead to the advent of ahydrogen-powered society

Increase FCV subsidies in collaboration with thenational government● For FC buses, newly subsidize part of fuel cost in
addition to vehicle purchase cost●

Hydrogen stations:●* FCVs: fuel cell vehicles/FC buses: fuel cell buses▲Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Reportdevelopment and social implementation ofhydrogenDevelop fuel cell garbage trucks and carry out test
operations in collaboration with universities, a ward
in Tokyo, etc.
● Implement the sharing model project in the MinamiOsawa district, which contributes to the use of hydrogenfrom renewable power in urban development

Further promote the adoption of fuel cells bycontinuing financial support of the introduction by
consumers and reorganizing subsidies for equipmentusing hydrogen from renewable energy■ Enhance dispatch of Tokyo’s action on

promoting hydrogen to overseas

Provide information on technologies and corporate
initiatives implemented in Tokyo to the rest of theworld through international conferences and otheroccasions● Raise public awareness and foster movement throughvisual depictions of hydrogen energy and otheractivities by the Tokyo Hydrogen Promotion Team●

■ Formulating a Tokyo Hydrogen Vision(tentative name)

Fuel cell heavy truck

Formulate a new vision to make CO2-free hydrogen apillar for realizing a decarbonized society to acceleratenecessary efforts in the Tokyo metropolitan area

2030 Carbon-Half Style – Visions for social change

Fuel cell bus

▲

22

150

■ Promoting efforts for technological●

Further promoting the social implementation of hydrogen energy
technology is necessary in preparation for a future full scale use of
CO2-free hydrogen from renewable energy

Toward a society fully making use of CO2-free hydrogen generated from renewable energy, weneed to promote the social implementation of hydrogen energy technology in fields with higher
potential, such as large vehicles for business use, electricity, and heat utilization, aiming to further
expand demand.

Support environment-friendly multi-energy stations byencouraging the installation of a hydrogen station or
fast chargers at existing gas stations and theintroduction of rented or shared ZEVs to such a station

Fuel cells:

The world accelerates the move toward using CO2-free hydrogen
indispensable for decarbonization

In Japan, hydrogen has been promoted mainly for fuel cells, FCVs, and FC buses. Hydrogen is
energy that is related to a wide range of industries and is projected to be used for many
purposes, such as power generation and heat utilization. While the demonstration of hydrogen
power generation is underway on production equipment, industry organizations and otherbodies have raised the need of efforts to decarbonize heat by utilizing hydrogen.

50%●

Vehicles:Trends in hydrogen energy

In March 2020, in Fukushima Prefecture of Japan, an experimental study was started at one of theworld's largest hydrogen production equipment using electricity from solar power generation.

Market share ofDevelopment of
ZEVs in newhydrogen stations
passenger car sales

Efforts immediately accelerated and strengthened

1,097 (total in FY 2019)
Approx. 62,000 (total in 2019)
Approx. 2.5 MW (total in 2019)
43 (total in FY 2019)17 (total in FY 2019)

In addition to subsidizing fuel cells, FCVs, FC buses*, hydrogenstations, and equipment using hydrogen from renewableenergy, TMG has encouraged the national government to easeregulations and raised awareness of Tokyo residents incollaboration with businesses.

In July 2020, the EU announced its Hydrogen Energy Strategy aimed at significantly expanding
the use of hydrogen from renewable energy. Australia and other countries are seeing a movement
to manufacture and export CO2-free hydrogen taking advantage of abundant renewable energy.

ZEV* 2035 target

●

2020

CO2-free hydrogen from renewable energy as a pillar for
realizing a decarbonized society

Accelerating the use of hydrogen energy while expanding the supply and demandof hydrogen in the Tokyo metropolitan area
Building the foundation for the use of hydrogen generated from renewable energy
etc. from 2030 onward

Approaches for 2030 Carbon-Half Style■ Creating more demand for hydrogen in theTokyo metropolitan area

■ Promoting the introduction of fuel cell-basedtransportation for business use●●

Fuel cell garbage truck●

Stimulate commercial and industrial demand for hydrogen use,such as commercial vehicles and electricity in Tokyo metropolitanarea, by promoting inter-business collaboration, and facilitate
further social implementation of hydrogen technology

In preparation for the upcoming massive introduction andsupply of renewable energy, consider a mechanism to support
the spread of hydrogen from renewable energy, which is effective
for long-term and large-scale storage of surplus electricity

Promote the early social implementation of fuel cell-basedtransportation for business use, including buses, based on theconsideration of demonstrating the operation of FC trucks andFC forklifts in coastal areas in Tokyo■ Urban development in the bay area centered on
renewable energy and hydrogen●

Utilize green technology to promote urban development thatuses 100% clean energy centered on renewable energy andhydrogen to cover the energy used in the area

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report23Strategy II Urban Infrastructure Sector (Buildings)
Policy3

Expansion of zero emissionbuildings

Accelerating Actions● More than 70% of Tokyo’s CO2 emissions come from buildings.

▲

Necessity of expanding zero emission buildings

Visions for 2050

■ All buildings to be zero emission buildings that account for adaptation■ Ratio of building emission in total CO2

Eliminating emissions from buildings with high CO2 emissions is
a common goal of cities around the world, and essential if theywish to attract investment and business partners.

measures, such as disaster prevention and heat countermeasuresemissions of Tokyo (preliminary results for FY 2018)

Waste sector 3.1%

● Buildings are used for decades, and those constructed from now

Industrial sector 7.3%

Transport
sector 16.8%

on will define the Tokyo of 2050. It is essential that all buildings,
whether new or existing, achieve high energy efficiency, use
renewable energy, and fully utilize materials with lower CO2
emission levels, such as wood.

Commercial sector
44.1%

Key targets toward 2030

57.36

● It is also necessary to ensure high thermal insulation performancefrom the perspective of disaster prevention and measures forheat or health, and consider the use of buildings in the future,such as an increased prevalence of telework.

Mt-CO2

Residential
sector 28.7%

Emissions frombuildings
account for over
70%

2030

Status quo of expanding zero emission buildings▲

Status quo

▲
▲

●

●

●

Greenhouse gas emissions compared to 2000

Increased by 2.8%

Energy consumption compared to 2000

Reduced by 24.2%

Percentage of power generated by renewable energy

15.3% (FY 2018)

Greenhouse gas emissions had increased due to thedeterioration of a CO2 emission factor of electricity which
accounts for approximately half of energy consumption, buthave decreased since FY 2012 because of reduced energy
consumption and an improved emission factor of electricity

The reduction rate of energy consumption of the residential
sector is smaller than those of other sectors, the efforts
need to be strengthened●●

The COVID-19 crisis has brought an increase in citizens' awareness of environmental
protection, connection with communities, and social contribution. There is a highlevel of awareness particularly amongst Generation Z (high school students to newrecruits) that you must be personally responsible for making just choices.

2020
Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

29.9%

30.0

35.0 (%)

COVID-19

High school students’feelings towards adults

9.3%

35.0%

54.0%

Approx. 50%“You are responsible for yourchoices.”

Strongly agree
Agree
DisagreeStrongly disagree

Source: “Consciousness of Youth in the Time of COVID-19 Wakamon, Dentsu Inc. (June 2020)”* ZEH: Net Zero Energy House. A residential building that aims to make the balance of annual primary energy generated and consumed to zero. This isdone through the introduction of renewable energy, in addition to realizing significant energy efficiency, maintaining the quality of the indoor
environment by significantly improving thermal insulation performance of the shell, and introducing high-efficiency equipment systems■ Expansion of zero emission houses

Promote the broader adoption of the Tokyo Zero
Emission House Standards and the introduction ofhighly insulated windows etc. at existing houses● Raise the public awareness of healthy houses(synergistic effect of energy efficiency and healthassurance)● Encourage switching to more energy efficient home
appliances● Support the introduction of solar power generationand storage batteries that are also effective as
disaster resilience measures●

Promote the construction of buildings with further
energy performance by applying a ZEB* Evaluationand mandatory consideration for using renewable
power through the Tokyo Green Building Program
Strengthen energy efficiency measures and expand
the use of renewable energy through the Tokyo Cap& Trade Program

Existing small and medium buildings:

Promote CO2 reduction and the use of renewableenergy through the Carbon Reduction Reporting
Program● Support the introduction of highly efficient ventilationequipment and air conditioning equipment to enable
SMEs to ensure ventilation and control an increase inCO2 emissions in response to the COVID-19 crisis■ Lifestyle (civic life)

Carry out a campaign for renewable electricity groupbuying project with other prefectures in the Tokyo
metropolitan area, and draw attention to thecampaign with a view to developing it across Japan● Promote movement for changing energy use andconsumption behavior, including cooperation withpioneering businesses to promote the purchase ofsustainable products and services●

2030 Carbon-Half Style – Visions for social change
Progress in the standardization of zero emission buildings at the time of
construction and the transition of existing buildings to zero emission buildings
Buildings forming cities to be decarbonized to attract sustainable investments etc.
Progress in the standardization of zero emission specifications for new houses andthe provision of high thermal insulation for existing houses
Resilient and healthy houses acting as a safety net for the life of Tokyo residents
Shift to a sustainable and prosperous lifestyle through the review of consumption
behavior etc.

All windows
Some windows■ Consciousness of youth in the time of
1.7%

50% reduction▲

Changes in consciousness during the COVID-19 crisis

5.0

50% reduction▲

Source: Housing and Land Survey of Japan 2018, Ministry of Internal
Affairs and Communications

0.0

22.4%

11.3%

Percentage of power
generated by renewableenergy▲National levels Tokyo

Thermal insulation performance important for energy
efficiency at houses

11.1%

Energy consumption
compared to 2000●

sash or double glazed windows
14.7%

Greenhouse gas emissions
compared to 2000

Existing large buildings:●■ Adoption rate of houses with double

An increasing number of businesses and other entities, such as businesses
declaring RE100 and institutional investors involved in ESG finance, place
importance on climate change measures.There are also increasing calls fromtenants for decarbonization, including the use of renewable power

As air conditioning and hot water supply account for more than half of energy
consumption at houses, thermal insulation performance is important for energy
efficiency. The adoption rate of insulated houses in Tokyo is approximately 22%,
which is lower than the national average of approximately 30%. For new
detached houses, the adoption rate is estimated to be approximately 10% in
total for national ZEHs* and Tokyo Zero Emission Houses Standards.

24●

Tokyo Zero Emission
House logo

15.2%

NEW

New buildings:

We also provide support for new houses that meet the Tokyo
Zero Emission House Standards and thermal insulation
renovation of doors and windows of existing houses

Increased awareness of decarbonized buildings

NEW■ Expansion of zero emission facilities

TMG operates the Tokyo Cap & Trade Program and other policy
programs for buildings and provides energy efficiency support
for small and medium-sized facilities in collaboration with
regional financial institutions etc.

To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it is important toswitch to the use of renewable energy for electricity, which
accounts for half of energy consumption in Tokyo

NEW

Efforts immediately accelerated and strengthened(preliminary results for FY 2018)(preliminary results for FY 2018)

Trends in the expansion of zero emission buildings

All buildings in Tokyo to be zero emission buildings

Approaches for 2030 Carbon-Half Style■ Acceleration of making all buildings zero emission by 2050●●

Promote efforts to evaluate better real estate in financial
terms, such as by conducting case studies on how to disclose
information helpful for investment decisions
Propose a future vision of buildings to be standardized in the2030s toward 2050 and promote efforts in collaboration withbusinesses and financial institutions. Consider a newmechanism to expand the use of such buildings

●

●

●

Promote the development of zero-emission districts incollaboration with developers

Further promote the installation of highly insulated houses
and energy efficiency/renewable energy equipment with highspecifications by introducing multiple levels into the criteria
for the Tokyo Zero Emission House
Accelerate efforts to establish sustainable consumption
behavior in collaboration with businesses and organizations* ZEB: Net Zero Energy Building. A state-of-the-art building that generates energy through means including solar power generation. These buildings significantly reduce annual
energy consumption, and realize significant energy efficiency through devising architectural plans that also include the use of sun shields and renewable energy, as well as
thermal insulation efficiency

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report25Column

01

Zero Emission Buildings Make Cities More Attractive
Making buildings zero emission not only decarbonizes cities but also contributes to making cities more attractive
by strengthening resilience and improving living conditions. Various efforts are underway to keep Tokyo as avibrant and attractive city which is fun to live in and comfortable to work in.

Building scale

Small/
medium

New buildings(1) Tokyo Cap & Trade Program

Planning(2) Carbon Reduction Reporting Program

Planning, construction, operation

DesignConstruction(1) Tokyo Cap & Trade Program

Operation

TuningSmall and Medium-Sized Facilities in FY 2010 to understand thestatus of CO2 emissions from small and medium-sized facilities andpromote the implementation of energy efficiency measures.
● Items applied in FY 2020 (third compliance period) include:• Compliance factors 27% at office buildings etc., 25% at factories
etc.
• Expansion of incentives to use renewable power(Million tonne-CO2)
17
16
15
14
13
12

1st compliance period

2nd compliance period-13% -22% -22% -24% -25%

-26% -26% -27% -27%

12.13 12.03

10● In FY 2010, we introduced the Tokyo Cap & Trade Program that

Base year 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

requires large facilities to reduce total CO2 emissions.

(3) Tokyo Green Building Program• Mandatory reporting on the use of renewable energy• A mechanism to evaluate excellent facilities, including the status
of using renewable energy● Items applied in FY 2020 include:

While some businesses are actively working
on the disclosure of information on ESG
investment and SDGs in Japan, only 1% of
respondents to an investor questionnaireanswered that the disclosure was sufficient.

Yes

Pension
16.7%

No
83.3%

32.5%

General institutional investors
32.1%

49.0%

67.9%

51.0%

Sustainable lending

ESG investment(= Sustainable
investment)
2. Positive screening
3. Norms-based
screening

4. ESG integration

5. Sustainability themed
investing
6. Impact investing

7. Corporate engagement
and shareholder action

Example:Sustainable loans,environment/societyrelated policies

Sustainable bonds(ESG bonds)

Example:Green bonds, social
bonds

OthersExample:Blended finance,
crowdfunding, impact
investing, Pay For
Success (PFS)

135
130

Men aged under 65

300

Decreased by 3.1 mmHg

200

Before renovation

Rise in minimum temperature of dressing room (+1.8 to 2.2°C)
Rise in average temperature of living room (+1.8°C)
Average before renovation (baseline survey)
7 min+27.0 min

Women aged 65 or older+33.9 min+18.0 min+16.7 min+11.8 min+11.0 min86.2 min147.5 min

BeforeAfter(Average)

Before(Estimate)(Average)

193.1 minAfter

(Estimate)

Before248.6 minAfter

(Average)

Before(Estimate)

After(Average)(Estimate)

Source: Material provided by Ikaga, Planning Subcommittee of the FY 2020 Fourth Tokyo
Metropolitan Government Housing Policy Council
https://www.juutakuseisaku.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/juutaku_kcs/pdf/r02_kikaku04/shiryo_04_12_4_1.pdf

After renovation(Average)

Women aged under 65+22.8 min

0120

Men aged 65 or older

+34.

100

(Estimate)Houses in winter are very dangerous - Are warmer regions actually more dangerous?!

The average death toll of December to March has been found to be greater than that of April to November and thistendency is more obvious in warm regions than in cold regions. This can be attributed to the fact that housing with highthermal insulation performance is not as widespread in warm regions as it is in cold regions, causing room temperatures
to be lower. The rate of increase of the winter death toll in Tokyo is 16%, which is 1.6 times that of Hokkaido, thenorthernmost prefecture of Japan.

25
20
15

Source: Vital Statistics (2014) by Prefecture, Cause of Death, and Month,
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

1.27 million a year (470,000 in winter)
70,000 a year (30,000 in winter)
690,000 a year (240,000 in winter)
200,000 a year (80,000 in winter)
110,000 a year (40,000 in winter)
200,000 a year (80,000 in winter)

Injury/disease/extrinsic
Other diseases
Respiratory diseases
Cerebrovascular diseases
Heart diseases

Tokyo 16%

Hokkaido 10%

105

Tochigi

Ibaraki

Yamanashi

Ehime

Mie

Kagoshima

Shizuoka

Shiga

KagawaKumamoto

Wakayama• National average: Approximately 30%

Oita● Adoption rate of insulated houses (with double sash or double glazed windows) in Tokyo (FY 2018)

Fukui

Fukushima

Gifu

Tottori

Chiba

Gunma

Saitama

Aichi

Kochi

Iwate

OkayamaToyamaKanagawa

Hyogo

Saga

Kyoto

Nara

ShimaneMiyagiOsaka

NaganoYamaguchi

Fukuoka

MiyazakiTokyo

Nagasaki

Yamagata

Ishikawa

Hiroshima

Tokushima

Akita

0

Niigata

Source: Tokyo Sustainable Finance Week Website,
Office for Strategic Policy and ICT Promotion,
Tokyo Metropolitan Government(%)
30

Okinawa

Sustainable finance encompasses a wide rangeof financial services, including not only ESG
investment but also other financial services,such as sustainable loans, bonds, and so on.

Let all of us—the administration, businesses,
and citizens—make the city more attractive.
Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report

400(mmHg)

Aomori

Source:Aggregate results of the 17th “Questionnaire
Survey on Real Estate Investment by
Institutional Investors,” Association for Real
Estate Securitization(From August 25 to October 5, 2017)
Aggregate results of the 18th “Questionnaire
Survey on Real Estate Investment by
Institutional Investors,” Association for Real
Estate Securitization(From September 19 to November 7, 2018)

Has been found to be longer due to room temperature rise

(Minutes/day)■ Rate of increase of winter death toll (the proportion of monthly average death toll of December to March to that of April to November)■ Sustainable finance

1. Negative screening

67.5%● Average time of light-intensity (or heavier) physical activity in a house

Has been found to be lower due to room
temperature rise

Hokkaido

The spread of ESG real estate investment
requires more discussions on how
investment should be and how information
should be disclosed.

Are you interested in ESG real estate investment?

20182018 (FY)• ZEB Evaluation, the highest rank in energy efficiency assessmentof equipment systems• Program coverage expanded to small and medium-sizedbuildings (total floor area 2,000 m2 or more)• Start of the evaluation of EV charger installation■ Question to Japanese investors about ESG investment:

2017

2017

in FY 2002.

Sustainable finance and real estate

2018

2016

12.11

● TMG launched the Tokyo Green Building Program for new buildings● Items applied in FY 2020 include:

2017● Maximum blood pressure at the time of awakening

125

Base-year
emissions
16.5

11(2) Carbon Reduction Reporting Program

26

Renovation■ Changes in total CO2 emissions from facilities■ Examples of health effects from thermal insulation renovation

under the Tokyo Cap & Trade Program● TMG introduced the Carbon Reduction Reporting Program for

Sustainable finance for realizing asustainable society is rapidly expanding
worldwide. The linkage of real estate to
ESG investment is deemed to be importantbecause it has great potential to contributeto solving environmental and social issues
as a support of living conditions or
economic activities.

Household energy consumption is particularly high in winter. An effective approach for energy efficiency at houses
is to improve thermal insulation performance. Furthermore, it has become clear that maintaining a comfortable
thermal environment by improving thermal insulation performance can have a positive effect on human health.

The WHO (World Health Organization) strongly recommends an indoor temperature of 18°C or higher to protect
residents from adverse health effects from the cold. It also says that that temperature may be required at houses for theelderly and those with chronic illnesses in particular. Studies have shown that the thermal environment affects health.

Existing buildings(3) Tokyo Green Building Program

Improved Insulation Performance Results in an
Energy-Efficient and Healthy House

Effects of thermal environment at houses on human health

TMG’s major programs for expanding zero emission buildings
Large

02

Column• Tokyo: Approximately 22% with 16-30% in 23 cities, 21-32% in Tama Area

Source: Material provided by Ikaga, Planning Subcommittee of the FY 2020 Fourth Tokyo Metropolitan Government Housing Policy Council
https://www.juutakuseisaku.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/juutaku_kcs/pdf/r02_kikaku04/shiryo_04_12_4_1.pdf

Thermal insulation of a house is critically important to protect our health.
Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report27Strategy III Urban Infrastructure Sector (Transport)
Policy4

Promote the spread of zero emission
vehicles (ZEVs*)

Accelerating Actions
Visions for 2050

▲ ▲* ZEVs: Electric vehicles (EVs), plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHVs) (in EV mode), and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) that do not emit CO2 or other exhaust gases during driving* Non-gasoline vehicles: ZEVs and hybrid vehicles (HVs) (Both ZEVs and non-gasoline vehicles include buses, cargo vehicles, and motorcycles in addition topassenger cars)

Necessity of promoting the spread of zero emission vehicles● CO2 emissions from the transport sector in Tokyo account for■ Breakdown of CO2 emissions in Tokyo by

20% of the total with vehicles accounting for 80% of that. To
achieve zero emissions in the transport sector, we have to not
only change our behaviors to those that do not emit CO2, forexample walking and using bicycles, but also decarbonize thevehicles we use.

* A concept that indicates the environmental load generated through the entire process, from the stage of obtaining fuel (well) to
the stage of actual driving (wheel)means of transportation in the transport sector(preliminary results for FY 2018)

Key targets toward 2030

Aircraft 0%
Vessels 2%

Railroads 20%● In addition to reducing CO2, TMG will realize the full-scale

spread of ZEVs that bring new social value, such as the role asan energy infrastructure taking advantage of their power storage
and supply functions as well as the creation of new mobility
services utilizing autonomous driving technology.

Total amount
9.64 Mt-CO2

Vehicles
78%

2030

NEW

NEW

Phasing out thesale of newgasoline-onlypassenger cars

Phasing out thesale of newgasoline-only
motorcycles

100%

▲
▲

ZEV infrastructure development

▲
▲

●

●

The sales ratio of new non-gasoline passenger cars has
increased in recent years, reaching 39.5% in FY 2019

The number of zero emission buses introduced by FY 2019was limited to 62 due to higher prices and fewer vehicle
types

Public fast chargers
Hydrogen stations●●

ZEV infrastructuredevelopment
Market share of
ZEVs in new
passenger car sales

Introduction ofzero emission buses

New small routebuses for sale

Fast chargers

Hydrogenstations

50%

300+

Limited to ZEVs
in principle

1,000

150

Efforts immediately accelerated and strengthened

Market share of non-gasoline vehicles in new passenger car sales 39.5% (FY 2019)
Introduction of zero emission buses
62 (total in FY 2019)
New small route buses* for sale limited to ZEVs in principle
1.4% (FY 2019)* Route buses with a capacity of approx. 30 passengers

100%*

ZEV

* 2035 target

Status quo of promoting the spread of zero emission vehicles
Status quo

All cars driven in Tokyo to be ZEVs
Expanded use of renewable energy realizing zero emissions
from well to wheel*■ Strong promotion of making cars driven in

Provide more support for purchase by individuals andbusinesses by increasing subsidies or utilizing tax
system in collaboration with the national government● Support the purchase of used ZEVs that can beutilized in the event of a disaster in the islands● Continue research and study for making large buses
and cargo vehicles ZEVs and support for the
introduction of community buses● Support R&D conducted by start-ups in collaboration
with large businesses to promote technologies thatlead to ZEV development● Support the creation of an environment that allows
depleted batteries to be replaced with a fully charged
battery to improve the convenience of EV motorcycles●

Approx. 300 (total in FY 2019)17 (total in FY 2019)

Public chargers and hydrogen stations are yet to become
widespread as many of them are expensive to develop andoperateTMG is developing various promotion measures, including
subsidies for ZEV purchase and support for infrastructuredevelopment■ Creating an opportunity to experience ZEVs

Create a promotional movement by holding global
races etc.
● Increase familiarity for Tokyo residents by introducing
ZEVs to rental car and car sharing services●

Trends in ZEVs
The trend toward zero emission vehicles is
accelerating around the world as well as in Japan■ Image of next-generation mobility and related services
Mobile examination/
mobile shop

Tourism/entertainment

Mobility services using new vehicle technology are expected tocontribute to solving social issues. For example, the Ministry ofLand, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism first specified vehicle
types for autonomous driving under specific conditions in
November 2020 and mass-produced vehicles were released bymanufacturers in March 2021.

The entry into ZEV manufacturing from other industries continues
at home and abroad.
To promote the spread of ZEVs, we need to keep an eye on suchtechnological advances.

Cargoes andpassengers

FCV

Personal
mobility

Autonomous
driving

Information
sharing PF
Joint
transportation(Optimal route
shown by AI)

School/hospital/city hall/retail store
Source: Material for “The Second Meeting on Structural
Changes in Mobility and the Direction of Automotive
Policy from 2030 Onward,” Ministry of Economy,
Trade and Industry(https://www.meti.go.jp/shingikai/mono_info_service/mobility_kozo_henka/ pdf/002_02_00.pdf)

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Reportvehicle ﬂeet and TMG facilities

Ensure the replacement of TMG-owned vehicles(except special-purpose vehicles) with ZEVs inprinciple when updating—replace all passenger cars
with non-gasoline counterparts by the end of FY
2024 and all motorcycles with non-gasoline
counterparts by the end of FY 2029
● Conduct research and study for utilizing FC buses as
Toei Bus and introducing EV buses to the Toei Bus Lines● Introduce chargers to city hall, parks, and other places●

Establishment of environmentally friendly multi-energy stations as social infrastructure
Widespread ZEVs, from small to large sizes, due to diversified vehicle types;
progress in mobility reform to deliver a society using autonomous driving and
MaaS* capable of meeting diverse needs
Larger market for zero emission motorcycles accelerating the phaseout ofgasoline-only motorcycles

Approaches for 2030 Carbon-Half Style■ Considering FY 2021 as the starting year for eliminating gasoline vehicles, making comprehensive
efforts to promote ZEVs
●

●

28

■ Prioritizing the introduction to TMG-owned

2030 Carbon-Half Style – Visions for social change

●

2020

* Existing gas stations having hydrogen stations, fast
chargers, or renewable energy equipment installedin their sites▲

Advances in vehicle technology, entrants into ZEV
manufacturing from other industries

Power grid

Subsidize the development and operation ofhydrogen stations and increase the number of fast
chargers to be subsidized● Support environment-friendly multi-energy stations*that utilize existing gas stations● Evaluate the installation of chargers when a building isconstructed and promote the spread of fast chargers
through the Revised Tokyo Fire Prevention Ordinance●▲Consumers

for ZEV promotion▲

We see a worldwide acceleration in strengthening and advancing
efforts to make vehicles zero emissions. In Japan, the Prime
Minister clarified the policy that by 2035 the only new vehicles soldwill be electric in his policy speech made in January 2021.

■ Developing social infrastructure indispensable

Tokyo ZEVs

Further promote environment-friendly multi-energy stations
that utilize existing gas stations

Consider a mechanism to promote the installation of charging
infrastructure tailored to various types of parking lots
Introduce more ZEVs to mobility in the Tokyo metropolitan
area and expand its infrastructure development incollaboration with related local governments and businesses●

Build a new mechanism to encourage the elimination ofgasoline vehicles• Encourage businesses to introduce ZEVs through the Tokyo
Vehicle Emission Reduction Program that requires
environment-friendly behavior• Promote the introduction by building a mechanism that will
give manufacturers an incentive to develop and sell ZEVs

* Mobility as a Service. Shows the optimal route for users from a point of
departure to destination, and collectively provides multiple means oftransportation and other services.

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report

29

03

ColumnColumnTrends in Zero Emission Vehicles

Does Hydrogen Have a Color?

TMG announced that it aims to eliminate the sale of new gasoline passenger cars by 2030 and new gasoline
motorcycles by 2035 in Tokyo. Vehicle-related policies of overseas cities etc. have been changing rapidly in recent years.

Green Hydrogen, Blue Hydrogen, Gray Hydrogen

Country
USA

FranceCanada

China

Japan

Japan

City etc.

Publication

Target year

Goal/regulation

Remarks

California

Sept. 2020

2035

• Limiting the sale of newpassenger cars to ZEVs alone

Paris

Oct. 20172024• Prohibition of diesel vehicles

2030• Prohibition of gasoline cars

• Allocate more than half of the budget fora green economy plan to the transport
sector, including the addition of charging
equipment• Will formulate rules to limit medium- andheavy-duty trucks driving in the state to
ZEVs alone by 2045
• Restrict entry into the city in the 2018
Action Plan

QuebecNov. 2020

2035• Prohibition of the sale of newgasoline cars

HainanMar. 20192030• Prohibition of the sale ofgasoline cars

• Develop policies in three stages (by 2020,
2025, 2030)

2035• Limiting the sale of new vehicles
to EVs alone2030• Eliminating the sale of newgasoline passenger cars

• Indicate the goal will be achieved aroundthe mid-2030s in the Green Growth
Strategy in December 2020 as expressedin the Prime Minister’s policy speech in
January 2021–

Jan. 2021

Tokyo

Dec. 2020

2035• Consider FY 2021 as the starting year for
eliminating gasoline vehicles to makecomprehensive efforts• Eliminating the sale of newgasoline motorcycles(Created based on information as of January 2021)

More prosperous life spurred on by the spread of ZEVs
The spread of ZEVs will not only eliminate CO2
emissions during driving, but also reduce
environmental loads, including vehicle noise andexhaust gas.
Promoting the spread of ZEVs will facilitate thebroader use of MaaS (Mobility as a Service).

In Japan, efforts are underway to promote MaaS,
such as support for demonstration experiments aswell as that for financial and know-how aspects
provided by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism.

ZEVs, linked and integrated with services, energy,
and infrastructure, are expected to help solve
social issues by optimizing transportation,
mitigating traffic congestion, ensuring powersources in emergencies, and stabilizing the power
grid at the time of the massive introduction andsupply of renewable energy.

■ Image of collaboration between ZEVs and energy system
V2N

Power supply as a backup
power source in an emergency

Reuse ofused batteries

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report

V2B
BCP

Cloud data center
BCP

Publicfacilities

V2I

Office,bus company, carrier

Energyinterchange
Industry

V2V

V2B

Improved vehicle operation rate
Optimized traffic flow (mitigated traffic congestion)
Grid

Power company

Energyinterchange

Contribution to grid Charging
stabilization as adjusting power

Solar power
generation

House

V2G
V2H

One of the features of hydrogen energy is that it does not emit any CO2 while in use and can be produced from avariety of sources.
Hydrogen itself is colorless and transparent, but it may be expressed in different colors, green, blue, or gray, forexample, due to the differences in the manufacturing process. Green Hydrogen, in particular, is deemed mostpromising for decarbonization as it does not emit CO2 during the manufacturing process.

Green Hydrogen is produced by electrolyzing water using electricity derived from renewable energy

Turquoise Hydrogen is produced by the thermal decomposition of methane. Byproduct is carbon thatis produced as a solid, not as CO2
Blue Hydrogen is made from fossil fuel but does not release CO2 into the air as CO2 generated during
the manufacturing process is captured and stored (CCS*)

Gray Hydrogen is made from fossil fuel, such as natural gas or petroleum* Abbreviation of Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage, the process that collects CO2 and stores or presses-fits it deep in the ground

Where is Green Hydrogen made and used?
Green Hydrogen is produced through demonstration
projects in Germany, Australia, and other countries. In
March 2020, in Fukushima Prefecture of Japan, an
experimental study was started at one of the world’s
largest hydrogen production units using electricity fromsolar power generation.
However, the production and utilization of Green
Hydrogen is limited both at home and abroad, needing
further efforts to expand its use.

TMG has already started using Green Hydrogen. For
example, we support the introduction of Green Hydrogenutilization equipment. During the Tokyo 2020 Games,
hydrogen produced with renewable energy in Fukushima
Prefecture will be used to generate electricity at theathletes’ village, which in turn will be used at some ofathletes’ facilities.

Effective use of
surplus power
during peak hours

HouseholdPR driving by FCV filled with Green Hydrogen

Source: Material for the 36th Basic Policy Subcommittee, the Comprehensive
Resources and Energy Study Group, Agency for Natural Resources andEnergy (https://www.enecho.meti.go.jp/committee/council/basic_policy_
subcommittee/036/036_005.pdf)

The spread of ZEVs will contribute to solving social issues andbring afﬂuence to people’s lives.
30

04

Fukushima Hydrogen Energy Research Field (New Energy andIndustrial Technology Development Organization)

Aiming for a society in which Green Hydrogen is fully
utilized, TMG will further accelerate efforts for social
implementation of hydrogen energy technology, including
the expansion of demand for hydrogen.

When you find hydrogen, imagine what color it has.
Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report31Strategy IV Resource/Industry Sector
Policy5

Accelerating Actions

3Rs
Visions for 2050

but there is room for further efforts in the Reduce andReuse aspects. Also, the system has big challenges yet
to be resolved, such as overcoming its partial
dependence on overseas countries.

● To significantly improve resource efficiency in consumption● The consumption of natural resources has increased

and production while giving consideration to sustainability
concerns, and limit resource consumption to within therange of the regenerative power of the earth, Tokyo willbring about significant changes in social structure.

along with the population growth around the world,
resulting in global concerns about resource use, andcompetition for resources. Furthermore, environmental
destruction and biodiversity loss are accelerating,placing a heavy burden on the earth.

R

R

R

Reduce

Reuse

1

2

Recycle3R

Status quo of 3Rs▲

Municipal solid waste* recycling rate

2030

3

22.8% (FY 2018)

TMG promotes and supports efforts for recycling containers
and packaging, home appliances, and small electronic
devices based on the Law for the Promotion of Effective
Utilization of Resources and various recycling laws. In
addition, we have started creating a new recycling
mechanism for solar panels and disposable diapers

40.0
Tama Area

25.0

Average of whole of Tokyo 22.8

15.0

23 cities

30.0
20.0
10.0

●

18.0
11.1

COVID-19 has affected various industries causing the suspension of operationsat production bases or the stagnation of logistics in Japan and abroad, withapproximately 80% of the entire industry seeming to be adversely impacted. A
review of production and sales plans and changes in supply chains is underway
in arterial industries*, which, in turn, requires vein industries* to do the same.

Based on the results of social demonstration research,build a mechanism for the circular use of waste, such as
solar panels, for which recycling routes have not been
established● Circular use of recycled resources by, for example,
using products manufactured by converting
incineration ash into cement raw materials as civilengineering and construction materials●(FY)

While further promotion of recycling is required, the status quo is that sufficientwaste suitable for high-quality recycling is not collected or optimal recycling is
not always performed according to the type of waste. Therefore, we need to takemeasures to improve the level of recycling by taking advantage of the potentialof waste treatment and recycling businesses.

32

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report■ Promoting contactless and optimized office

work through digitization

Contactless and optimized office work related to theconsignment of waste treatment by expanding the useof electronic manifests● Contribute to not only cost reduction but also
improved business continuity by introducing RPA into
office work●

Export (182)

Import(771)
Importedresources(707)
Domestic
resources(582)

Net addition
to stocks
(506)

DMI:
DirectMaterial
Input(1,353)Grossmaterial
input(1,590)

Moisturecontent etc.
(259)

2030 Carbon-Half Style – Visions for social change

Energy consumption andindustrial process emissions(510)

Fertilization(17)
Food consumption (86)Restoration to nature (76)Wastegeneration(548)
Waste reduction
Final disposal
(222)
(14)

Amount of circular use (237)(Unit: Million tonnes)

Source: Annual Report on the Environment, the Sound Material-Cycle
Society and Biodiversity in Japan 2020, Ministry of the Environment* Arterial industry collects and processes natural resources and manufactures,
distributes, and sells products
Vein industry collects used products and waste, recycles them, and disposes ofthem properly

2020

37%

Imported products (64)▲Waste treatment has to be maintained as part of social infrastructure even in an
emergency, such as an outbreak of COVID-19. In response to changes in thesocial structure due to a super-aging population along with a decrease inpopulation, there is an increasing demand for contactless and optimized
operation at waste treatment sites and in business procedures.

■ Material ﬂow in Japan (FY 2017)▲

Waste treatment/recycling systems need optimization andenhancement

Introduce AI, ICT, and robotics technologies into waste
treatment and recycling systems, which have long
relied on human labor, to sophisticate and optimize
work and improve the quality of processed materials■ Circular use of recycled resources

Trends in 3Rs
The point in question: How to best organize arterial andvenous businesses

Reduce resource loss
Promote reuse
Promote design for
the environment
Etc.

Resource consumption

resources utilizing AI/ICT technologies

2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000

0.0

Future■ Creating a mechanism for the effective use ofIslands

5.0

Present

Promote use of eco materials
Promote circular use of recycled resources

Efforts immediately accelerated and strengthened

37.3

35.0

Biomass/recycled resources

Key targets toward 2030

■ Changes in municipal solid waste recycling rates

Recycling rates (%)●

Municipal solid waste recycling rates have been flat for the last
five years. However, recycling rates vary by region. In the Tama
Area, where recycling is being promoted by controlling theamount of disposal by charging for household waste andthrough strict separation of waste, the municipal solid waste
recycling rate has reached 37%

Natural resources

Municipal solid waste recycling rate

* Municipal solid waste is divided into household waste and general waste generated from business activities●

Establish the sustainable use of resources
CO2 emissions per unit of resource consumption● The recycling system in Japan is quite well developed,

Status quo▲

Necessity of promoting 3Rs

A resilient waste treatment system established based on the system with nomanual operation and various 3R routes
Realizing higher-quality recycling by making full use of advanced technologies

Approaches for 2030 Carbon-Half Style■ Strengthening a waste treatment systemutilizing the know-how and potential of waste
treatment businesses■ Improving the level of recycling by
incorporating advanced technologies into
waste treatment and recycling processes

●

●

●

Aiming to build a resilient recycling system that responds tochanges in social structure, search for and build a treatment
process with no manual operation by making use of theknowledge of waste treatment businesses

For optimal treatment and improved resilience in emergencies,
promote the diversification of 3R routes by developing amechanism to create a network of businesses involved in waste

In order to realize the sustainable use of resources throughhigh-quality recycling, promote efforts to build treatment
processes that utilize advanced technologies in collaboration withbusinesses involved in every aspect from separation to recycling■ Revision of Sustainable Design Tokyo●

Taking into account international trends in resource use, revise
Sustainable Design Tokyo and enhance a mechanism for waste
treatment in order to deal with issues facing sustainable
resource management and waste treatment in Tokyo

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report33Strategy IV Resource/Industry Sector
Policy6

Accelerating Actions

Plastics● CO2 is emitted at each stage, from the extraction of

crude oil used for producing plastic through production,
distribution, consumption, and disposal. The majority ofplastic waste is subjected to heat recovery andincineration. Most of the plastic waste discharged fromhouseholds and large office buildings in Tokyo is
incinerated, resulting in 1.45 million tonnes of CO2.

Visions for 2050
● As global plastic consumption is expected to increase

MethaneConsumption/
disposal

2030

Status quo of measures for plastics▲●

Incineration of plastic waste from households and large officebuildings remained unchanged at approximately 700,000
tonnes in FY 2018

TMG formulated the Plastic Strategy in December 2019 topresent the main targets for 2030 and the direction of newpolicies. We have developed policies and initiatives basedon the strategy ever since

●

●

●

■ Fostering empathy to promote behavior change(FY 2018)

Promote separate collection of plastic containers and packaging
by providing financial support to local municipalities
To reduce plastic waste generated from business activities,
start trial efforts to dispatch 3R advisors to office and otherbuildings in collaboration with local municipalities

Video for raising public awareness of the need toreduce food waste and single-use plastics■ Creating innovations in cooperation with

Reusable cups/
containers© Nissha Co., Ltd.

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report

Wooden straws© Aqurahome Corp.

Detergent soldby weight© Lawson, Inc.

* Closed-loop recycling provides virgin-quality
recycled resin.
* Cascade recycling provides resin of lower quality
for other uses.

■ Promoting separation and recycling incooperation with municipalities

Utilize the Plastic Containers and Packaging Recycling
Support Project to continue the support ofmunicipalities that work to implement separate
collection with a view to collective collection andimprove the results of separate collection● Promote the recycling of business plastic waste
through individually-targeted advice from 3R advisors
to office and other buildings●

TOKYO Zero Marine Litter Action focusing on raisingawareness of Tokyo residents and a field survey ofmarine litter■ International cooperation

To reduce single-use plastics and build a circular
economy, provide more information in collaboration
with overseas cities and international organizations bytaking advantage of online content

Mainstreaming 2R* businesses, including selling by weight, sharing, and reusable
containers
Implementing closed-loop recycling through diversified and efficient collection/transportation routes and new technologies* 2R stands for Reduce & Reuse

Approaches for 2030 Carbon-Half Style■ Implementation of innovative technologies and business models●

Switching to paper cups and recycling© Itochu Pulp & Paper Corporation

34

Providing products inreusable containers© Loop Japan▲

In Japan, discussions about legislation are underway in the Diet to promote theformulation of guidelines for reducing single-use plastics by manufacturers anddistributors, the collection of plastic containers and packaging and products incollaborative efforts between municipalities, voluntary collection by distributors,
and controlled discharging and consistent recycling of business plastic waste.

Effective use
as industrial
raw fuels

2030 Carbon-Half Style – Visions for social change

New policies for plastics

In January 2021, the revised Basel Convention came into effect, requiring
countries exporting dirty plastics to obtain the consent of trading partners. For
marine plastics, new international agreements, frameworks, and othermechanisms are under consideration.

Bottle-to-bottle recycling of plastic bottles in aconsortium with the beverage industry● Create a place for innovative collaboration among
businesses● By optimizing the operation of the Waste
Management Law, promote collection throughintegrated arterial/venous logistics and by
manufacturers and distributors●▲

Advanced businesses, which provide products in reusable containers at cafes orsell food and daily necessities by weight, have become more active all over theworld. In addition, technological innovations continue in closed-loop recyclingthat provides virgin-quality recycled resin, and there is a growing movement toreplace plastics with sustainable biomass materials.

Cascade*recycling-40%●

businesses

Paper barrier material that blocks
moisture or odors © Nippon Paper
Industries Co., Ltd.

Hydrogen fromrenewable energy

CO2

Closed-loop
recycling*(approx. 400,000 t)●

Increased use of single-use plastics due to longer periods
spent at home

A movement of reuse revolution accelerated at businesses

Collection/use

Leaks into
the ocean■ Measures for marine plastics

Trends in plastics

2020

Raise public awareness of good practices, such as
reuse and repair that do not depend on single-use
plastics, create content that encourages reduction
actions in the new normal, and provide informationin collaboration with the media

Develop demonstration projects for building new domestic
resource circulation routes, such as conversion into
industrial raw fuels, as emergency measures in response to
the tightening of import restrictions on plastic waste in
Asian countries

While the amount of waste discharged by businesses is decreasing, the amountof food take-out containers, individual packaging, and mail-order packaging
materials is increasing at home.

Atmospheric
CO2

Efforts immediately accelerated and strengthened

Approx. 700,000 tonnes●●

Plastic production& consumption

Key targets toward 2030
Incineration of plastic waste fromhouseholds and large officebuildings compared to FY 2017

EnergyIncineration of plastic waste from households and large
office buildings

Reduce & Reuse
Biomassabsorption/
use/removal

completely covered with renewableenergy■ Switching to biomass causing no land
use change, limited within the growthrate of plants. Consider social andenvironmental issues, such ascompetition with food production

CO2

Forming/processing

Plastic production

Transportation

Extraction of raw
materials (crude oil)deep concern about impacts to the marine ecosystem.
With respect to countries that have imported plastic wastefrom developed countries, there have been reports on risksof environmental pollution, resulting in an urgent need to
expand resource circulation routes in Japan.

CO2

Plastic use with net zero CO2■ Plastic production and recycling

sharply in the future, Tokyo will make the use of plastics
sustainable and share its visions with the rest of the world.

● Large amounts of plastic flow to the sea via rivers, causing

Status quo▲

Necessity of measures for plastics

Recyclable tableware that canbe composted© Marubeni Pulp & Paper
Co., Ltd.

Encourage the progress of the Reuse Revolution andpromote efforts in collaboration with leading businesses
etc. towards generalization and mainstreaming of new
business styles and consumer behaviors, such as selling by
weight, sharing, and using reusable containers for sellingand purchasing●

In light of the progress in mono-material containers andpackaging, the use of recycled plastics, and the development ofclosed-loop recycling technology for plastic waste, promote
initiatives in cooperation with businesses in various fields tocreate a social system that optimizes product design, separate
discharge, collection, and closed-loop recycling (using recycledplastic). Focus on promoting infrastructure development andrule-making for efficient separate collection, sorting, andtransportation

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report35Strategy IV Resource/Industry Sector
Policy7

Accelerating Actions

Food waste

Necessity of measures for food waste
be approximately 6.12 million tonnes, which is theequivalent to every person in Japan throwing away abowl of rice every day.

▲● Annual food waste in Japan in FY 2017 is estimated to

Visions for 2050

■ Maximize efforts to control the occurrence of food waste and eliminate● TMG will foster

remaining food waste by converting it into feed and fertilizer

momentum to work on
reducing food waste
and strongly promote
voluntary actions andcollaborative efforts bybusinesses andconsumers. Toward
2050, we will build avirtuous cycle of foodresources, giving
consideration to foodsafety and food culture.

● Before reaching us, food goes through production,

processing, distribution, and other processes in each ofwhich greenhouse gases are emitted. They account for
21-37% of global emissions. CO2 is also generated when
disposing of food thrown away due to the expiration of
its use-by date or other reasons. The impacts of foodwaste on climate change cannot be overlooked.

Zero food waste through reduction and food recycling

21-37%of total greenhousegas emissions

Key targets toward 2030

Includes emissions associated withpre- and post-production activities
Source: IPCC. Climate Change and Land 201950%
reduction

Food waste compared to FY 2000

Global food system

2030

Efforts immediately accelerated and strengthened■ Efforts to control food waste using advanced

technology

Support business that contributes to extending thelife of food by utilizing new freezing and packaging
technologies● Efforts to share demand forecast information
throughout the supply chain using ICT and othertechnologies

Status quo of measures for food waste▲

Status quo

Food waste compared to FY 2000*-32.9% (FY 2017)

Based on the demand forecast using ICT and othertechnologies, TMG has implemented model projects incollaboration with businesses working to reduce food waste
throughout the supply chain. We have also raised
awareness of consumers through online content●

In November 2020, the Proposal for Food Waste Reduction
was compiled at the Food Waste Reduction Partnership
Conference, which is composed of food-relatedorganizations andFood manufacturing
Households
consumer groups.
Food wholesale
15,000 t
13,000 t
According to the proposal, 125,000 t
Food retailingthe Tokyo Food Loss and75,000 t
AnnualWaste Reduction Plan
food waste
based on current
510,000 t(FY 2017)
regulations was formulated
in March 2021
Food service
282,000 t

Trends in food waste

waste

Responding to changes in people’s consciousness and behavior

Develop an awareness-raising campaign incollaboration with municipalities, such as introducing
recipes at restaurants that minimize generation of
leftovers● Continue raising public awareness of efforts at home
under the new normal through online content

Businesses

385,000 t■ Further efforts for effective use of unused

food

Development of businesses targeting food waste reduction

New private businesses have been launched recently to help reduce food waste byutilizing sharing apps to provide information on demand for food or unused food. It is
important to accelerate such efforts in collaboration with related industries.

●■ Image of a sharing app

36

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report

0

Hour

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Source: Materials of Japan Frozen Food Association■ Consumers making informed choices●

Bring about changes in consumer behaviors to help
them identify real needs and quantities, such asutilizing discount information on unsold food
through apps, buying small-quantity packs at retailstores, and using small serving menus at restaurants■ Efforts in cooperation with the food supply

chain
●

Provide consumers with clear information on the
progress of efforts, such as the review of the onethird rule that has become a business practice forfood-related businesses

2030 Carbon-Half Style – Visions for social change

App

Application &purchase

Shift to a sustainable circular society based on curbing food waste
Each entity taking the initiative and working together for further reduction actions

Approaches for 2030 Carbon-Half Style■ Promoting systematic policies based on the Tokyo Food Loss and Waste Reduction Plan

Pick up the items

Restaurant or
retail store

2020

Encourage the effective use of emergency foodstockpiled at municipalities and TMG by matching itwith food banks

Maximum ice crystal
formation temperature zone

Quick freezing●■ Increased demand for takeout and delivery

Send discountinformation on
unsold items

-10
-20

Since quick freezing damages
less tissues than slow freezing,it allows more ingredients to be
refrigerated without degrading
their quality.

Slow freezing

0

consumption styles through cooperation withbusinesses and municipalities▲ ▲There are more opportunities to cook and eat at home due to social restrictions andother reasons, resulting in more occasions of take-out and delivery. As the number ofpeople in need of assistance increases, more attention has been focused on efforts forhelping one another, such as food bank activities. We have to accurately recognize thesechanges in people’s consciousness and behavior, promote their understanding of
measures against food waste, and encourage them to take concrete action.

Widely provide food-related businesses with excellent
know-how of food waste reduction that is easy towork on■ Raising public awareness to change

The impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the food supply chain

The expansion of COVID-19 has significantly changed the balance between supply anddemand, as shown by a sharp increase in demand for household food and a decrease indemand for food for commercial use. In order to respond to such a change, we need tostrengthen the supply chain functions.

10■ Developing best practices for reducing food●Normal tissues

20
Temperature (°C)●

It is estimated that the total amount of food waste in Tokyo in
FY 2017 was about 510,000 tonnes, of which about 385,000
tonnes were generated by businesses and 125,000 tonnes byhouseholds

technologies on food●

* Food waste of approx. 760,000 tonnes●■ Impacts of different freezing●

Consumer●

According to the basic concept of food waste reduction in theTokyo Food Loss and Waste Reduction Plan, theadministration, consumers, businesses, and relatedorganizations will work together to promote food waste
reduction measures
Prioritizing efforts to control generation of food waste, TMG
will develop a wide range of policies, including efforts toeffectively use food that is no longer needed for various
reasons and to recycle food waste that happens unavoidably●

We will promote social establishment and dissemination ofefforts to reduce food waste in response to social change,such as the effects of the COVID-19 crisis

Generation control
Effective use
Recycling
Priority of efforts for food waste reduction

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report37Column

05

ColumnBetter relationship with products in a sustainable way
The Keywords: From Cradle to Cradle

Biodiversity Crisis

Since the industrial revolution, humankind has produced many goods and prospered under the mechanism of
extracting resources from the earth, making products, and throwing away unwanted items.

What is biodiversity?

Such an economic model has consumed resources faster than the regenerative capacity of the earth anddischarged an enormous amount of waste that the earth cannot handle.

Using productsTokyo 3.1
Source: Global Footprint Network, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature

We are consuming natural resources 1.7 times faster than the earth
regenerates itself, which means we are using 1.7 Earths. An estimate
indicates that if all human beings lived like people in Tokyo, theywould need 3.1 Earths. We are borrowing the resources future
generations should use and consuming all those resources now.

CO2

Processing materials
Manufacturing

Transportation

A large amount of CO2 is generated at each stage of thedevelopment of products through to their disposal. To realize zero
emissions, we need not only to decarbonize energy, including theuse of renewable energy and more efficiency in energy use, butalso to switch to a circular economy.

Goodbye to a society of “mass production, mass consumption, and mass disposal!”
Toward a society that continues using “existing products”
In response to the critical situation of the earth, such as the loss of biodiversity and climate change, we have tochange the conventional way of “mass production, mass consumption, and mass disposal” and use resources
efficiently and carefully.
Aiming to shift from the existing economic model, businesses in Japan and overseas are already creating
innovative, circular products and services that contribute to the sustainable use of raw materials and goods.
■ Examples of circular products and services which aresustainable uses of resources

Repair services

Upcycling(Processing
material intoanother product)

Car sharing, office
sharing, etc.

■ Right to repair

The EU recognizes consumers’ right to repair and is
improving access to the repairability of products orinformation on product repairs. In France, for example,
repairability score which shows ease of repair must be
indicated on home appliances and PCs.

Rental service for
furniture, daily
necessities

High quality andhighly durable
products

Repairability score (example)
Ease of repair is indicated on a scale of
1 to 10 and color coded
Source: French Ministry of Ecology Transition

These efforts will also strengthen local resilience in the event of a spread of an infectious disease or a natural
disaster. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the supply chain on a global scale. Building a mechanism thatallows resources and products to be circulated and sustainably used in local communities will not only revitalize
the local economy and promote employment, but also help create a sustainable and resilient society.

Sustainable use of resources - From cradle (Earth) to cradle
Let’s be more mindful in how we use products.
Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report

Of the estimated 30 million species of creatures that exist
on Earth, approximately 40,000 species go extinct eachyear. A major factor for this rapid biodiversity loss is alifestyle based on mass production and consumption as
well as global warming.

OthersWorld 1.7

Extracting raw materials(species)

Temperature rise/fall

Disposal

As for Tokyo, a large amount of food, energy, and supplies
necessary for an affluent urban life and business activities
also rely on the blessings of biodiversity from inside andoutside of the country.

(IUCN/Red List/2017)

Storm/ﬂood■ Life of products and CO2

human life?

There are a variety of creatures in different types of nature
on Earth, which live interconnectedly and in support ofeach other. Our lives are built on the blessings of
biodiversity.

Effects of global warming andthe types of endangered
species affected

Drought■ How many Earths do we need to sustain

Biodiversity is a term which describes an abundance ofliving things and ecosystems.

Changes in habitat

The conditions of the overuse of the earth are decreasing its productive power, resulting in the loss of biodiversity,
degeneration of the land, deforestation, and depletion of resources. Furthermore, resource consumption beyond
the earth’s limits as well as mass production, mass consumption, and mass disposal generate a large amount ofCO2, which causes climate change and affects life on Earth.

38

06
Percentage of those affected by global warming among
endangered species (total) by taxonomic category
145 species
12%

487 species
33%

268 species
13%

Mammals(1,194 species)

Birds(1,460 species)

Amphibians(2,067 species)

88 species
8%

379 species
16%

Reptiles(1,090 species)

Fish(2,359 species)

1,468 species
32%

Invertebrates(4,553 species)

Source: Website of WWF Japan■ Areas in which biodiversity is threatened by

Japan’s consumption

Since biodiversity loss is an issue as critical as climatechange, efforts to conserve biodiversity are underway
under an international framework*.

* Conference of the Parties (COP) to the Convention on Biological Diversity.
Aichi Biodiversity Targets adopted at COP10 in 2010 are global common
targets at present. The aim of the targets is to realize a world of living inharmony with nature by 2050. Post-Aichi Biodiversity Targets from 2021 will be
discussed and adopted at the next COP15.
Source: Annual Report on the Environment, the Sound Material-Cycle Society andBiodiversity in Japan 2020, Ministry of the Environment

The relationship between people and nature is in question
Accelerating climate change measures is important topreserve biodiversity and continue to reap its bounty.
However, we have to avoid biodiversity loss due to hasty
measures.

■ Examples of ﬂood mitigation functions of thenatural environment

In recent years, the idea of green infrastructure thatutilizes the functions of the natural environment has
attracted attention. It is one of the most importantconsiderations for the future: achieving both biodiversity
conservation and climate change measures.

Drainage of rainwater atcity park(Kamiyoga Park, Setagaya
City)

A United Nation report* pointed out that COVID-19 ispotentially a zoonotic disease derived from wildlife, such
infectious diseases will increase in the future, and one of
the reasons is the destruction of nature by humans.

We are now required to review the relationship between
socio-economics and nature, reconsider the lives of eachof us, and practice a sustainable lifestyle—the COVID-19
crisis may be a warning in this context.
* Preventing the Next Pandemic, a joint report in July 2020 of the United Nations
Environment Programme (UNEP) and International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)

Water retention insatoyama (open light-filled
woodland near populatedareas)(Zushi Onoji Historical andEnvironmental
Conservation Area,
Machida City)

Living in harmony with nature : A slogan to create the future
Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report39Strategy IV Resource/Industry Sector
Policy8

Accelerating Actions

Fluorocarbons

Necessity of measures for ﬂuorocarbons
is several tens to more than 10,000 times that of CO2 andcannot be recovered once released into the atmosphere,
having a significant impact on climate change.

use of non-ﬂuorocarbon equipment■ Completely prevent leakage during use and disposal by strictly
controlling equipment that contains ﬂuorocarbons(preliminary results for FY 2018)

Other greenhouse gases 2%

Fluorocarbons
8%

Waste 3%in Tokyo. We need to take urgent measures against theemission of fluorocarbons.

Transport sector
15%● Fluorocarbons are widely used in appliances such as

air-conditioners at offices and commercial facilities andfreezer/refrigerator showcases at supermarkets. It isnecessary to reduce the leakage of fluorocarbons due tothe malfunction or disposal of such equipment.

Industrial/commercial
sectors 46%

Residential
sector 26%

Key targets toward 2030▲

Fluorocarbons leak due to aging of equipment, inadequate
inspection and maintenance or disposal of equipment. TMG
promotes the prevention of fluorocarbon emissions byidentifying the actual situation of leakage while in use,
gives guidance to businesses at the time of disposal, andpromotes the spread of non-fluorocarbon equipment.

7.5

5.0

(preliminary results for FY 2018)

Carry out a pilot project with businesses that have alarge amount of leakage, and strengthen measures
based on verification of the effects● Ensure understanding of the regulation and proper
management of equipment through on-site guidance
and video
●

-35%

2.5

■ Strengthening measures for leakage at the

Zero emissions

time of disposal

Ensure understanding of the proper treatment offluorocarbons when disposing of equipment throughon-site guidance at building demolition sites● Strictly deal with malicious businesses that repeatedly
release fluorocarbons illegally● Promote efforts to eliminate leakage when removing
home air conditioners
●

0

2014

2030

2050

Trends in ﬂuorocarbons
Fluorocarbon regulations accelerated globally

Strengthened domestic regulations

40

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report

8

Scenario without
global HFC controls

2030 Carbon-Half Style – Visions for social change

64

Scenario with fullcompliance with
global HFC controls

2
0
2000

2020

2040

2060

2080

2100 (Yr)

Source: Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, World
Meteorological Organization (WMO)/United Nations
Environment Programme (UNEP): 2018 (Global
Ozone Research and Monitoring Project–Report No.
58, 588 pp., Geneva, Switzerland, 2018.) (https://csl.
noaa.gov/assessments/ozone/2018/downloads/
2018OzoneAssessment.pdf)

Progress in non-ﬂuorocarbon air conditioners and freezer refrigerators, resulting
in more products of such kind on the market▲

COVID-19 has made it increasingly important to establish an appropriate cold
chain to ensure quality control of pharmaceutical products and food safety. In
addition, there is an increase in demand for office air conditioning with enhanced
ventilation functions and equipment for cooling digital devices associated withdigital transformation, including remote work.

10▲

In January 2020, Japan enacted a total ban on the production or import of ozonedepleting HCFCs. With the revised Act on Rational Use and Proper Management of
Fluorocarbons in April 2020, obligations and penalties have been reinforced toensure the recovery of fluorocarbons at the time of the disposal of commercial
freezers and air conditioners.

Video ofequipment
inspection
proceduresVideo about
revision of thefluorocarbon act■ Forecast of HFCs emissions in the world

Emissions (GtCO2-eq yr-1)

The regulations for the production and sales of fluorocarbons have been applied instages based on the Montreal Protocol which is an international framework. In addition,
to control their emissions throughout the life cycle, an international initiative wasestablished in December 2019 under the leadership of Japan.

2020

Hold online quality workshops regularly instead of
on-site ones during the COVID-19 pandemic, which
will not limited to the availability of participants

leakage during use

Compared to FY 2014

2.5●

■ Supporting control of equipment to prevent

7.2 (BAU estimate*)

3.9

people to prevent ﬂuorocarbon emissions●■ Estimated HFC emissions in Tokyo(Million tonne-CO2)■ Change in awareness of all the relevant

Promote the introduction of non-fluorocarbon
freezer/refrigerator showcases through subsidization● Promote the spread by providing support in line withtrends in equipment development+38% (5.4 million tonne-CO2eq*)* BAU estimate is based on the case where existing measures are continued

Changes in domestic demand

Efforts immediately accelerated and strengthened
equipment* CO2eq is an abbreviation of CO2equivalent, a value calculated using the global warming potential (GWP)●(Reduced to approx.
2.5 million tonne-CO2eq)■ Accelerating the shift to non-ﬂuorocarbon

Hydroﬂuorocarbons (HFCs) emissions compared to FY 2014

The use of HCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbons), which are
regulated as ozone-depleting substances, has shifted to
HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons) which do not destroy the ozone
layer. In recent years, HFC use has increased, resulting in
more emissions.

-35%

HFC emissions comparedto FY 2014

2030

Status quo of measures for ﬂuorocarbons●

Zero ﬂuorocarbon emissionsg■ Significantly reduce equipment with ﬂuorocarbons by expanding the■ Breakdown of greenhouse gas emissions in Tokyo● Fluorocarbons account for 8% of greenhouse gas emissions

Status quo▲● Fluorocarbons have an enormous greenhouse effect that

Visions for 2050

Expansion of efforts to eliminate ﬂuorocarbon leakage

Approaches for 2030 Carbon-Half Style■ Fostering momentum and promoting systematic initiatives●●

Support the introduction of non-fluorocarbon equipment
according to development trends and awareness to encourage
the selection of non-fluorocarbon equipment to create asociety where everyone chooses non-fluorocarbon equipment
Ensure measures against leakage whenusing or disposing of equipment by
utilizing the knowledge obtained throughon-site guidance to businesses or pilot
projects

Air conditioner
etc.

●

Accelerate cutting emissions and the reduction in the amountof use by utilizing innovative technologies, such as IoT tools,
to prevent fluorocarbon leakage at each stage from using todisposing of equipment

IoT device

Network

Remotemonitoring
systemContact
administrator

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report41Strategy V Climate Change Adaptation Sector
Policy9

Accelerating Actions

Strengthen adaptation measures

Necessity of strengthening adaptation measures▲

Visions for 2050

■ Protect the lives and property of Tokyo residents and realize a city that● As a report from IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on

continues to attract people and businesses

Climate Change) indicates that mitigation alone can nolonger prevent the impacts of climate change. We needto promote not only mitigation measures to reduce
anthropogenic CO2 emissions but also adaptation
measures to reduce the impacts that still remain after
implementing the maximum mitigation measures.

Key targets toward 2030

● Strategically working on adaptation measures at the citylevel leads to sustainable economic and social
development as well as protecting people’s lives.

Illustration by A-PLAT

2030

Status quo of strengthening adaptation measures●▲

Status quo

Five basic strategies for adaptation

Implement climate change adaptation into all of TMG’sinitiatives■ Promote climate change adaptation based on scientificknowledge■ Support local efforts in cooperation with municipalities■ Promote dissemination of information, including risks,
to facilitate understanding of Tokyo residents■ Promote international cooperation in C40 and otherorganizations to accelerate intercity collaboration■■ Annual number of extremely

Increasing need for adaptation measures

Days/year

Days/year

Concerns about combined damage to vulnerable
groupsdays (above 30°C)
Approx.
1.7 times

50(End of21st century)20

43 days

Approx.
5.4 times(End of21st century)

0

A distant view of a collapsed
area (Photo taken by a drone)

A close-up view of acollapsed area (Photo taken
by a drone)

Natural environment:● Minimize impacts on biodiversity, such as changes inthe distribution of organisms● Enhance efforts to utilize and restore the functions of
the natural environment

businesses by establishing the Local Climate Change Adaptation Center
In FY 2021, establish the Local Climate Change Adaptation Center in the Tokyo
Metropolitan Research Institute for Environmental Protection, which has been
engaged in research on countermeasures for the urban heat island effect● Provide municipalities with information and advice on climate change and raiseawareness of Tokyo residents●

8 days(Present)

Source: Tokyo Climate Change Adaptation
Plan

Using drones for on-site investigations in ordinary
times and in times of disaster■ Promoting efforts toward adaptation by municipalities, Tokyo residents and0■ Cumulative frequency distribution of central

Tokyo Metropolitan ResearchInstitute for Environmental
Protection

pressure of typhoons approaching Tokyo
42030 Carbon-Half Style – Visions for social change

1980 - 1999
2000 - 20193

With the aim of realizing a city that protects the lives and property of Tokyo
residents as well as continues to attract people and businesses, efforts will bemade taking into account climate change impacts in the future2▲

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report40

Water resources and the water environment:● Reduce the risks posed by severe droughts anddeterioration of raw water quality as much as possible● Create a comfortable water environment byimproving the combined sewer system

Installation of fine misting(OASE Shibaura, Minato City)

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries:● Realize a robust agriculture, forestry, and fisheries
industry by providing technical guidance for andpromoting the spread of switching to items andvarieties compatible with temperature rise

hot days (above 35°C)(Present)

1

Approaches for 2030 Carbon-Half Style

0
920

2020

100 days

58 days

Cumulative approach frequency/year

With the spread of COVID-19, there are concerns about the threat ofclimate change and the combined damage caused by infectious
diseases to vulnerable groups. In promoting adaptation measures, itis necessary to enhance the adaptation to not only deal with thethreat of climate change, but also various crises related to the livesof Tokyo residents.

42

Health:● Implement preventive andex-post measures to minimize
adverse health effects due totemperature rise, including casesof heatstroke and infectious
disease as well as healthproblems due to air pollution■ Annual number of sweltering

100

Efforts immediately accelerated and strengthened
Natural disasters:● Promote the utilization of innovative technology andthe development of urban facilities in both structuraland non-structural aspects against natural threats,such as floods, inland floods, storm surges, andlandslides caused by increasingly intensified heavy
rains or typhoons

Trends in adaptation measures
As the impact of climate change has become more serious, theneed for adaptation measures is greater than ever. To protect the
lives and property of Tokyo residents from increasingly intensified
disasters, it is essential for TMG to actively utilize innovativetechnology and promote more advanced adaptation measures.
It is also very important for municipalities, Tokyo residents, andbusinesses to deepen their understanding of climate change
adaptation and promote their efforts.

Through the activities of TMG, Tokyo residents and businesses, efforts madein all fields affected by climate change will take into account climate change
impacts in the future, incorporating the concept of sustainable recovery andthe perspective of digital transformation (DX)■ Adaptation measures in fields affected by climate change

Formulation of the Tokyo Climate Change Adaptation Plan

The Tokyo Climate Change Adaptation Policy wasformulated in December 2019 to confront the impact
of climate change in Tokyo and avoid or reduce
damage in a wide range of fields, including natural
disasters, health, and agriculture, forestry, andfisheries. In addition to the concept indicated in thepolicy, the Tokyo Climate Change Adaptation Plan
was formulated in March 2021 based on the conceptof sustainable recovery, incorporating a variety ofperspectives, such as the promotion of digitaltransformation

Minimize risks from climate change impacts

930

940

950

960
970
980
990
Central pressure (hPa)

1000

1010

1020

Source: Press release of the Meteorological Research Institute, “More typhoons on the
Pacific Ocean front in the last 40 years” (Japanese)■ Promoting adaptation measures based on the Tokyo Climate Change Adaptation Plan●

Promote measures to avoid or alleviate damage caused byclimate change impacts in all fields (including natural disasters
and health, etc.), by incorporating sustainable recovery anddigital transformation●

Actively provide information on climate change impacts andadaptation in cooperation with the Climate Change
Adaptation Center

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report43Column

07

ColumnImproving Air Quality Leads to Climate Change
MeasuresBicycle Sharing Expanding in Tokyo!

Relationship between the air quality andclimate change impacts

CO2 reduction and bicycle sharing

Many of the efforts to reduce air pollutants also have the effectof reducing CO2 emissions, leading to climate change measures.

Among air pollutants, the reduction of ozone, the main
component of photochemical oxidants, and soot (black
carbon) in PM2.5 is said to be effective for both avoiding
climate change and improving the air environment, attracting
the attention of international organizations. In addition, it has
been reported that a temperature rise due to global warming
promotes production reaction, increasing the concentrationof air pollutants, such as ozone.

Changes in the air quality of Tokyo
The air quality in Tokyo has improved as a result of theimplementation of vehicle emission reduction measures,
including diesel vehicle emission control, and measures forfactories. That allowed the environmental standards for PM2.5
to be met at all monitoring stations for the first time in FY 2019.
Moreover, there have been many reports of improvement in
the air quality throughout the world due to stagnant socioeconomic activities associated with COVID-19. In Japan aswell, it has been suggested that changes in socio-economic
activities due to the measures for the state of emergency
have contributed to a decrease in PM2.5 concentration.

Toward further improvement of the air
quality

To improve its status as an environmentally conscious city,
TMG has set a new target for PM2.5 to the world’s moststringent WHO guideline value in order to achieve the highest
global standards of air quality:

10 µg/m3 or less (average of all
monitoring stations) by FY 2030
TMG will promote efforts for a clean urban environment
together with Tokyo residents and businesses by further
accelerating and establishing initiatives, such as measures forvehicle emission reduction, factories, and the Clear Sky
Supporter Program as well as deepening their content.

VOC
Factories, fueling,outdoor painting, etc.

Vehicles,shipping, etc.

Boilers,incinerators,
etc.

Home &
officeNaturallyoccurring(Plants etc.)

Situation at home andabroad■ Changes in achievement rates of PM2.5

environmental standards in Tokyo and average
concentration of all monitoring stations

75

16.5

66%

98%

100%

84%

µg/m
20

Environmental standard 15 µg/m

3

50
14.3

25
0

93%

13.2

13.2

15

12.8
10.8

4%
2014

3

2015

2016

2017

Environmental standard achievement rates (left scale)

Clear Sky Supporter logo

20182019 (FY)

Average concentration (right scale)

Image of open data

Monitoring
stations
Big data of PM2.5

Air quality
monitoring system
TMG is recruiting
businesses that work to
reduce air pollutants as
Clear Sky Supporters
and make their efforts
public.

Automatic correction ofoutliers by RPA technology

10Bicycle sharing has been
introduced in approximately 2,300
cities, mainly in North America andEurope. In London, Paris, and other
cities, it has been well developed
and positioned as an alternative orcomplement to public
transportation.

In Japan, the number of cities
introducing bicycle sharing isincreasing year by year, amounting
to 225 cities as of the end of March
2019.

Walking0Bicycle

0

Train

18

Bus

Bicycle sharing has rapidly become widespread in recent
years as a type of bicycle use. The system allows users tofreely rent and return bicycles at multiple cycle stations,and is expected to be used more widely as a means oflocal transportation.

Generation of photochemical oxidants, PM2.5, etc.

Achievement rate (%)
100■ Comparison of CO2 emissions (FY 2018)

The use of a bicycle is recommended to avoid the Three
Cs (three conditions which are Closed spaces, Crowds andClose contact) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

NOx

54

AircraftPrivatevehicle

96
133
0

50

100

150
200
(g-CO2/passenger km)

Source: Website of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism(https://www.mlit.go.jp/sogoseisaku/environment/sosei_environment_
tk_000007.html)

Introduction of bicycle sharing at home
and abroad
CitiesBicyclesStations

Tokyo’s 11 cities—
wide areainteroperation*

9,000

850

London13,900840

Paris23,6001,200

New York

9,800

750

Tokyo’s 11 cities were those as of January 2021.
Other cities are based on The Bike Share Planning Guide 2018
Edition, ITDP

* Wide area interoperation in Chiyoda, Chuo, Minato, Shinjuku,
Bunkyo, Koto, Shinagawa, Meguro, Ota, Shibuya, Nakano

Efforts of Tokyo
In Tokyo, bicycle sharing has been introduced in multiple
municipalities. The system features wide area interoperationthat enables bicycle use across municipalities, with theamount of use being on the rise.
TMG will make bicycle sharing more convenient and ensure
its expanded use by promoting cooperation with multiple
businesses to broaden the service area and supporting
municipalities working to expand cycle stations.

■ Changes in the amount of use in 11-city wide

area interoperation(Million times)
100

DOCOMO BIKE SHARE

80
60
40
20

Open data on TMG catalog site

TMG will accelerate efforts to improve the air quality and contribute toclimate change measures.
Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report

Bicycles are not only good for your health but also do notemit any CO2, thus helping to achieve zero emissions in
the transport sector.

02020.72020.52020.32020.1
2019.112019.92019.72019.52019.32019.1
2018.112018.92018.72018.52018.32018.12017.112017.92017.72017.52017.32017.1
2016.112016.92016.72016.52016.32016.1

In addition, TMG will provide air quality data as open data toencourage the development of measures for air pollution
utilizing the latest technologies, such as 5G and AI.

SPM
PM2.5

Photochemical
oxidants

In this way, improvements in air quality and the avoidance ofclimate change are closely related.

44

08(Year-month)

Environmentally friendly bicycle sharing is becoming more widespread.
Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report45Strategy VI Engagement and Inclusion

Strategy VI Engagement and Inclusion

PolicyPolicy10

Cooperate with various actors inmovements and reform of social systems

Necessity of cooperation with various actors

11

Necessity of strengthening cooperation with local municipalities

A Zero Emission Tokyo cannot be realized by TMG on its own. CO2 emissions are closely tied to daily lives and routine activities.
TMG will make significant progress in social changes toward decarbonization by working with the Tokyo metropolitan area, thenational government, and the rest of the world, integrating actions, technologies, and knowledge of a range of actors,
including Tokyo residents, businesses, and organizations, and changing business mechanisms and patterns of behavior.

To foster the understanding of Tokyo residents, businesses, and organizations and take action together with them,cooperation with the municipalities most familiar to the residents is indispensable. In order to develop climate change
measures with TMG and local municipalities as one body, we will further strengthen cooperation with municipalities that arefamiliar with local circumstances and have the regional networks and resources of local governments.

Progress of the policy

Progress of the policy■ Collaboration with advanced businesses etc.

■ Support for efforts toward decarbonization by municipalities

Foster momentum by working with businesses etc. in each policy, share technology
and knowledge, and implement verification projects● Bottle-to-Bottle Tokyo Project in collaboration with the beverage industry● Tokyo Hydrogen Initiative in collaboration with hydrogen suppliers and automobile

manufacturers● Food Waste Reduction Partnership in collaboration with food supply chains

Support the efforts of municipalities by adding an assistance menu that contributes to the realization of a Zero Emission
Tokyo to a support system for revitalizing local environmental power■ Promotion of sharing of knowledge and cooperation in initiatives

Promote the support for and cooperation in effective efforts, such as joint examination of initiatives in the resource
management field and the sharing of technologies and expertise of climate change measures

Kickoff of Bottle-to-Bottle Tokyo Projectin August 2020

■ Number of projects utilized in the project for revitalizing local■ Outreach to individual Tokyo residents—Team Mottainai*

Provide information on the activities of members who are working on energy efficiency orfood waste reduction, and promote efforts for households that respond to lifestyle changes,
such as increased demand from people spending a long time at home, due to COVID-19

environmental power (FY 2020)

Individuals, businesses, organizations—everyone is welcome. Recruiting participants!

Effective useof food

Effective useof resources

Effective useof energy* A framework to communicate the consciousness of “Mottainai” (sense of “too precious to waste”) to consumers, collaborate
with Tokyo residents, businesses, and organizations working on activities to create an opportunity for behavioral changes,
expand the scope of efforts toward decarbonization by Tokyo residents, and support actions for that purpose

Behavioral changes of individuals as they go about their daily life are a prerequisite for building a decarbonized society
To build a decarbonized society, it is important to transformthe daily activities of individuals into decarbonized andsustainable actions, in addition to the efforts of theadministration and businesses.
According to an IEA (International Energy Agency) report,
behavioral changes in daily life are considered important in
the race to achieve a decarbonized society by 2050.

TMG is impelled to approach those who could not be
sufficiently influenced by TMG alone in cooperation withvarious actors with the same vision by considering changes inlife consciousness or lifestyle to be indispensable elements forthe sustainable reduction of CO2.

■ Behavioral changes featured in the IEA 2050 Net Zero

Emissions Scenario
Behavior

Heating temperature setting
Cooling temperature setting
Drying laundry

Description
Lower the setting by 3 degrees
Raise the setting by 3 degrees

Hang the laundry instead using a dryer in summer

Optimizing driving speed

Reduce by 7 km/h

Ride-sharing

Share a ride for car use in urban areas

Eco-driving

Cycling, walking

Avoid sudden starts or stops and idlingDo not use a car for a distance within 10 minutes by bicycle, instead use abicycle or walkAir conditioning in the car

Optimize the setting by raising or lowering 3 degrees as appropriate

Flights

Substitute low-carbon transportation for flights of less than an hour. Hold
web conferencing instead of business flights. Reduce long-distance freighttransportation

Working from home

Ensure at least three days a week for working from home in 20% of the world▲

It is estimated that approximately 60% of reductions as a result of behavioral changes
can be achieved by awareness-raising or mandatory measures taken by the government.

Special wards

CitiesTowns/villages

Total

87 (23)50 (23)3 (3)140 (49)

Since TMG declared the realization of a Zero Emission Tokyo, themovement of local governments toward decarbonization has
begun to take on momentum. For example, the seven wards andcities in Tokyo declared their own Zero Carbon Cities policies inwhich they aim for net zero CO2 emissions by 2050, and thespecial wards started joint efforts to realize Zero Carbon Cities- Special Wards.

The realization of a Zero Emission Tokyo requires us to expand ourefforts throughout Tokyo and encourage actions of all actors. To
this end, the role of municipalities capable of developing initiatives
according to local circumstances is extremely important.
TMG needs to further strengthen cooperation with municipalities,
expand the circle of collaboration between local governments inTokyo, and accelerate actions in the whole of Tokyo.

Accelerating actions toward 2030▲

We will work with diverse actors, appeal to each consumer for empathy and support from various channels, and aim to establish asustainable behavior pattern indispensable for accelerating decarbonization actions and further expand the circle of efforts.
■ Collaboration with businesses and organizations■ Further fostering a movement for decarbonization● Collaborate with businesses and organizations that are● Promote efforts that contribute to fostering momentum,

taking the lead in decarbonization

actively engaged in decarbonization to accelerate efforts
that promote sustainable consumption behavior in the
majority of aspects of business and daily life

■ Cooperation with TMG’s policy partners● Strengthen cooperation with the Tokyo Environmental

Public Service Corporation, which has abundant know-how
and on-site capabilities cultivated at Cool Net Tokyo* andthe Research Institute for Environmental Protection, andpromote efforts that encourage concrete behavioral
changes by taking advantage of the corporation’s resources* Cool Net Tokyo is a nickname of the Tokyo Metropolitan Center for Climate Change Actions

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Reportactionssuch as public awareness raising activities and thedevelopment of specific projects in cooperation with local
governmentsin the Tokyo
metropolitan
area and large
cities acrossthe country

Local governments declaring aims to be Zero Carbon Cities(From the website of the Ministry of the Environment as of March 23, 2021)
Setagaya Ward, Toshima Ward, Adachi Ward, Katsushika Ward, Musashino City,
Chofu City, Tama City

Accelerating actions toward 2030▲

Establishing individual practice and connections with various actors of decarbonization
actions to put social change on track

Unit: Project (number of applicable local
governments in parentheses)

Further strengthening partnerships with local municipalities

Source: Material for the 146th Global Environment Subcommittee, Ministry of the Environment

46

Strengthen cooperation with local
municipalities

Municipalities and TMG working together to strongly promote decarbonization with voluntary
efforts by all actors, including residents, businesses, and organizations, firmly establishedIn addition to strongly supporting efforts in line with the circumstances of municipalities, TMG will take leadership in expanding thecircle of efforts for decarbonization to local governments in Tokyo.
■ Support for efforts toward decarbonization according to local characteristics● Support efforts toward decarbonization by collecting information and exchanging opinions

in detail through separate approaches to each municipality, and reviewing subsidy systems
based on local needs and issues■ Promoting horizontal development of effective efforts implemented bymunicipalities● Foster momentum for decarbonization by creating and utilizing tools that introduce bestpractices of local governments, TMG’s initiatives for its own sustainability, and collaborationand support menus● Actively provide follow-up for knowledge and issues found during the process ofdecarbonization through opportunities, such as liaison meetings that help share information
between local governments
Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report47

Strategy VI Engagement and Inclusion

Strategy VI Engagement and Inclusion

PolicyPolicy12

TMG’s initiatives for its own
sustainability

Necessity of TMG’s initiatives for its own sustainability

While it is in a position to promote various initiatives, Tokyo is also a large-scale business that consumes a lot of energy andresources. With “Let’s Start from Here” in mind, TMG will take the initiative in implementing efforts contributing to therealization of a Zero Emission Tokyo, in order to foster the understanding and cooperation of Tokyo residents, businesses,
and organizations.

Necessity of strengthening cooperation with cities and non-state actors around the world

As climate change measures require response on a global basis, we need to enhance and strengthen cooperation with cities
and non-state actors around the world. Tokyo will exercise international leadership as one of the world’s largest cities andfurther enhance its initiatives and contribute to decarbonization around the world by deepening inter-city cooperation toshare knowledge and technologies.

Progress of the policy▲

Progress of the policy▲▲

Greenhouse gas emissions at TMG (governor’s bureaus/
Reduced by 20.9% (FY 2019)
departments) compared to FY 2000
Energy consumption at TMG (governor’s bureaus/
Reduced by 20.8% (FY 2019)
departments) compared to FY 2000
Renewable power used at TMG facilities (governor’s bureaus/ Approx. 3% (FY 2019)
departments)■ Further strengthening of global networks• Actively participate in international intercity network activities, such as C40 and
ICLEI*, collect information on climate change measures in cities around theworld, and provide information on initiatives of TMG* C40: C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group, ICLEI: Local Governments for Sustainability■ Environmental support for Asian cities• In addition to sharing knowledge that contributes to the realization of a Zero
Emissions Tokyo, hold technical exchanges on air quality and workshops on
resource circulation. Continue providing information on initiatives andexchanging technologies via the Web● Have reduced both greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption by more than 20% compared to base-year levels

as a result of an all-out effort to increase energy efficiency, promote the introduction of solar power generation, andexpand the use of renewable power based on TMG’s Smart Energy Action Plan
● Have strengthened the promotional system in TMG to realize a Zero Emission Tokyo by reorganizing its previous
promotion council for the energy field into the Zero Emission TMG Promotion Council that deals with additional fields,
including ZEVs, plastics, food waste, and measures for fluorocarbons“Carbon Half” is an absolute requirement for TMG

TMG accounts for more than 1% of the total greenhouse gas emissions
in Tokyo, which would mean that the success or failure of its efforts is atouchstone for the realization of a Zero Emission Tokyo.

TMG is an integral part of TIME TO ACT and as such must acknowledge
that now is the time to accelerate actions. With the consciousness of“Let’s Start from Here,” TMG, in its entirety, needs to take a swift andbold action for decarbonization.

(governor’s bureaus/departments)(kt-CO2)

1,000
800

750

742

749

752

752

740

600
400
200
0

2000

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019 (FY)▲■ Taking the initiative for points on the Zero Emission TMG Action Plan

Main goals and concrete efforts set forth in the plan
Renewable power used at
TMG facilities (governor’s
bureaus/departments)

Reduced by 40%

Reduced by 30%

Approx. 50%

Dispatch of officials overseas in FY 2019173 groups (3,372 participants) (Asia, Europe, etc.)

23 groups (52 officials) (Yangon, Beijing, New York, etc.)

As the climate crisis becomes more serious, we must enhance our willingness to act forthis crisis throughout the world and take steps toward decarbonization.

We are facing another major crisis in the COVID-19 pandemic. A movement aiming for
economic recovery from the impacts of this pandemic in conjunction with coping withthe climate crisis is gathering pace throughout the world. To develop the climate action
movement from Tokyo in the spirit of the “TIME TO ACT” slogan, TMG held a kick-off
meeting in February 2021. TMG will accelerate effective efforts by making the most ofTokyo’s strong influence and ties with cities around the world to call for climate actions
from the world.

TMG-owned nongasoline passenger cars

Installation of publicchargers at TMG
facilities

Incineration of plastic
waste from the TMG city
hall compared to FY 2017

Kick-off meeting on“Sustainable Recovery:
TIME TO ACT” (Feb. 2021)

Accelerating actions toward 2030▲

Based on the new Zero Emission TMG Action Plan (FY 2020 - 2024), TMG will set forth a range of goals and efforts toward FY 2024,
a waypoint to 2030, and promote decarbonization action as a unit, taking the initiative toward 2030.

Energy consumption at
TMG (governor’s bureaus/
departments) comparedto FY 2000

Acceptance of overseas visitors in FY 2019

Moving the world from Tokyo

Achieving “Carbon Half” at TMG and powerfully leading the whole of society by taking
concrete initiatives and changing mechanisms and systems to realize Carbon-Half Style

Greenhouse gas emissions
at TMG (governor’s
bureaus/departments)
compared to FY 2000

Researchers of the Beijing Municipal ResearchInstitute of Environmental Protection visiting theTokyo Metropolitan Research Institute forEnvironmental Protection (Nov. 2019)936

Accelerating actions toward 2030

Under the leadership of TMG, international cooperation for decarbonization enhanced withthe world accelerating climate actions

TMG will lead the world in decarbonization by collaborating with international intercity networks, such as C40 and ICLEI, as well asa range of actors, including international think tanks, to collect data and knowledge helpful for policy design at TMG and provide
information on specific actions.
■ Development of the climate action movement, TIME TO ACT● Procure 100% renewable electricity through the TMG Power Plan

100%

(Except special-purpose vehicles)

300+

Reduced by 20%● International cooperation based on TMG’s experience and know-how• Expand TMG’s measures for buildings and examples of utilizing hydrogen in other cities incollaboration with C40● Take the initiative in introducing additional energy efficiency or renewable energy equipment• Promote policy support for and technology exchange with Asian cities in the fields of sustainable
resource circulation and air quality

facilities● Ensure that TMG-owned vehicles are replaced with ZEVs in principle, accelerate the introduction of public chargers, anddevelop hydrogen stations utilizing TMG-owned land
● Promote bottle-to-bottle recycling of plastic bottles at TMG facilities• Optimize timing for most effective provision of information and methods of outreach incollaboration with experts who have knowledge of international publications● Ensure that operational measures are in place by automating energy management and centralizing energy information at TMG● Control food waste in restaurants and shops at TMG facilities● Introduce and upgrade non-fluorocarbon equipment in a planned manner, collect fluorocarbons accordingly at the time ofmaintenance or disposal of equipment

48• Support the formulation of building decarbonization initiatives in Kuala Lumpur
together with the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (City-to-city
Collaboration Programme of the Ministry of the Environment)■ Changes in greenhouse gas emissions at TMG

It goes without saying that TMG has to take the initiative in accelerating
decarbonization action and leading the efforts of Tokyo residents andbusinesses to realize “Carbon Half” (halve GHG emissions) in the wholeof Tokyo.

13

Strengthen cooperation with cities andnon-state actors around the world

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report• Share new business models as best practices with other cities, TMG’s initiatives for its own
sustainability, and efforts utilizing green finance● Effective provision of information and sharing of knowledge through all diplomatic channels• Demonstrate the presence of Tokyo at conferences and other occasions which attract highinternational interest• Strengthen the collaboration with international think tanks and organizations

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report49Strategy VI Engagement and Inclusion
Policy14

Promote sustainable finance

Necessity of promoting sustainable finance
Finance plays an important role in climate change measures, with environmental finance and investment being a major
trend worldwide. To improve its presence as an international financial city and contribute to solving social issues throughfinance, TMG will revitalize the trend of utilizing investment funds for environmental measures, creating opportunities forTokyo residents and businesses to invest in environmental measures.

Progress of the policy■ Scheme of Tokyo ESG Fund

■ Promotion of ESG investment

CHAPTER 04

Renewable generation
facilities in Japan

TMG invested JPY 500 million in the Tokyo ESG Fund, which
has already made its first investment in a renewable power
generation business*. We have promoted the spread of
ESG investment by holding Tokyo Sustainable FinanceWeek etc.

Loan
Financial institution
Fund management company
manages the whole

Investment* Wind power generation business in Iwate Prefecture with approximately 46,000 kW
output, scheduled to start operation in December 2023

Fund
managementcompany

Investment(500 M yen)

■ Revitalization of the green bond market

Every year TMG issues Tokyo Green Bonds, the first green
bond issued by a local government in Japan. This has
contributed to the revitalization of the market by increasing
the demand from investors year by year—the bid-to-coverratio of institutional investors increased from 4.1 times in
FY 2017 to 8.0 times in FY 2020

Support businesses
with highsocial contribution

Fund
TMG

Investment

Donate part of management fee

Private investors* Specific investment destinations are selected by fund management company■ Balance of ESG assets held by region

Sustainable finance indispensable for decarbonization(USD 1 billion)
16,00014,075

ESG investment is steadily expanding as indicated by an increase in thebalance of ESG assets held in the world. In Japan, a trend is emerging topositively evaluate businesses that make capital investment for
decarbonization.

12,000Further fund injection in both the public and private sectors is essential tochange social systems toward the realization of a Zero Emission Tokyo.

12,040To this end, TMG needs to promote initiatives to ensure the flow of funds
leading to ESG investment and attract investment from home and abroad byacting as a driving force.

11,995

4,000
0

2016
2018

8,723

8,000

1,088
EuropeUS

1,699

516 734

Canada Aus./NZ

2,180
272
Japan

Source: “Finance,” January 2020 issue, Ministry of Finance(Japanese) (http://www.mof.go.jp/public_relations/finance/202001/202001j.pdf)

Accelerating actions toward 2030▲

Realizing a leading sustainable finance city

We will achieve the rebirth of Tokyo by moving Japanese personal financial assets and enticing investment from the rest of theworld by communicating the attractiveness of Japanese businesses with high ESG values.
■ Tokyo green finance market (tentative name)● To make Tokyo a city where ESG knowledge, technology,

and funds are concentrated on a global scale, consider
the establishment of a Tokyo green finance market tocollect ESG funds from home and abroad■ Subsidy to Support Base of Operations ofOverseas Financial Corporations● Provide focused and intensive support for new investment

etc. required when an overseas financial business working
on green finance starts a business in Tokyo■ Tokyo Green Bonds● Support further revitalization of the green bond market

and realization of SDGs from the financial sector, such asincreasing the issuance in FY 2021

■ Sustainable energy fund (tentative name)● Promote the development of clean energy bases, such ashydrogen stations, and renewable energy power plants
through the scheme of a public-private partnership fundthat is backed up by investment from TMG

50

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report

04

REALIZING A ZEROEMISSION TOKYO

Ensure the progression to a sustainable city through decarbonization

Key considerations to promote the acceleration andprogress of social change■ Transition to a decarbonized society through a circular economy:
Tokyo will change the ways to make, sell, and use things● Mainstream circular economy-oriented businesses; support consumers’ circular choice● Contribute to the reduction of consumption-based CO2 by prolonging the life of products and using

low-carbon materials■ Collaboration with all initiatives/projects of TMG● Cooperate in a range of policy areas, such as buildings/houses, welfare, health, transportation, urban

With improved awareness, technological innovation,and organization

Let’s Create the
Future Together© Tokyo Convention & Visitors Bureau

Bring about changes toward “Carbon Half” through a variety of approaches
The year 2030, the target year for “Carbon Half,” is not just some distant future, but will be here in no time.

The pathway to “Carbon Half” leads to the realization of a Zero Emission Tokyo by 2050. And in order to make it happen,
bold redesign and reconstruction of our socio-economic system, rather than just some tweaking of the past, is indispensable.
From the perspective of co-benefits, which aim to contribute to both the progression of climate change measures andresolution of various social issues, we have to refine Tokyo into a city full of attractions, including human-centered urban
development that enables good and comfortable living as well as harmony with nature, and affluence, vitality, and thecompetitiveness that is specific to megacities.

In order to achieve this change, we will collect ideas from all fields and aspects in social life and urban activities to create a
new mechanism that will change society based on not only all-out efforts throughout TMG but also cooperation with arange of actors who have the same aspirations for decarbonization, such as Tokyo residents, businesses, organizations, andcities at home and abroad.

Ramp up and accelerate efforts for social change fromevery angle
The previous chapter shows the visions and approaches in different policy areas forsocial change leading up to 2030. We need to ramp up efforts to increase theeffectiveness of these actions and accelerate the momentum for bold changes.

The next page presents envisaged key considerations from the perspective of
backcasting to promote the acceleration and progression of social change. To
incorporate them into concrete initiatives and implement them in society, we willneed to overcome different challenges, such as garnering the understanding ofstakeholders, the resolution of legal issues, and working within financial constraints.
Next fiscal year, TMG will ensure a step toward a decarbonized and sustainable cityby discussing what future measures should be taken in light of the perspective of
key considerations at the Tokyo Metropolitan Environmental Council as well as
involving all actors in the efforts of TMG.

52

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Reportdevelopment, disaster preparedness, and industrial initiatives● Promote the leadership of the entire administration sector (public facilities etc.) including TMG■ Bold use of digital technology and financing● Utilize big data, depict/evaluate environmental values■ Further cooperation with other regions at home and abroad● Interchange renewable energy with other regions, create demand for hydrogen in collaboration with otherprefectures in the Tokyo metropolitan area

■ Human resource development and capacity building to support
decarbonization actions● Activate the exchange of human resources with expertise in climate change measures at businesses or

local governments■ Further fostering momentum to encourage a shift in the behavior of eachindividual Tokyo resident■ Efforts for sustainability, including coexistence with nature andimprovements in the air environment
Our key considerations include making the best use of various policy approaches and inventivenessin order to move ahead with these efforts and achieve social change. Some examples of them are:

■ Promoting policies through various approaches● Improve accessibility for Tokyo residents and businesses to decarbonization actions– Create an additional mechanism that enables Tokyo residents and businesses to easily take concrete
decarbonization actions together with the administration● Utilization of incentive-based subsidies– Utilize subsidy programs that call for active efforts of each entity, including subsidies to promote thedevelopment and spread of products that contribute to decarbonization, and subsidies in proportion to
the level of efforts● Promoting policies through sunset/sunrise legislation– Utilize a method of providing generous preferential treatment and specific support measures for alimited time to rapidly establish and implement efforts or initiatives in society, and a means of leading
society by presenting in advance what should be institutionalized or standardized in the future● Others, including the utilization of the public procurement and tax system, encouragement throughinstitutional or regulatory incentives and disincentives■ Image of policy promotion
2021

Preferential treatment, support
measures, calling for action,
fostering momentum (Sunset)

2022

2023

2024

2025–2029

2030–

Institutionalizationand standardization(Sunrise)

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report53Promote both technological innovations for decarbonization andsocial implementation of existing and advanced technologies

National government’s 2050 Carbon Neutral Declaration is welcomed
Essentials: Clarifying the path to 2030 to take action

Acceleration in the movement of technological innovations for decarbonization

The role of the national government is crucial for realizing a decarbonized society■ Technology development toward 2050

In nConsidering innovation as the key to achieving decarbonization, thenational government will create a JPY 2 trillion fund to support
research and development for decarbonization by the private sector.
A vast majority of countries are also planning large amounts of fiscal
investment to promote technological development in addition to theenvironmental motivation for decarbonization: the need to recoveran economy that has been depressed by the COVID-19 crisis.

To ensure that existing and advanced technologies with great CO2
savings, such as storage batteries, fuel cells, and green hydrogen, will
become widespread as highly versatile technologies, TMG will support
introduction in the initial stages of market launch and additional
support in infrastructure development and institutional aspects.

2030

us i n e ssmode

, pr o

mot

2040

e in

ves

tm

en t

2050

■ Examples of negative emission technologies toremove CO2 from the atmosphere

Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS)

Energy production
CO2

Direct air capture andcarbon storage (DACCS)

Energy consumption

Unused biomass etc.

CO2

Processing/transportation

The role of the national government is crucial for realizing
a decarbonized society. We will continue to request thatthe national government work on the formulation of
initiatives to support the independent and proactive
efforts of Tokyo and other regions, strive for further
technological development toward 2050, and play aleading role in realizing the decarbonized society
promoted by the international community.

Specifically, we strongly urge them to work on carbon
pricing as well as incisively promote further improvementof energy efficiency and expansion of the use of renewableenergy from manufacturing to buildings and civic life bymaking full use of the existing and advanced technologies
currently available.

CO2 CO2* To introduce these technologies on a large scale, we must consider
biodiversity, land use change, and the water cycle.

■ Priority areas to be supported by thenational government for 10 years

Areas
indispensable fora decarbonizedsociety andserving as thebasis of industrial
competitivenessGreening of electricity and electrification,
including next-generation storage battery
technology
Realization of a hydrogen powered
society, including technology for mass
supply/utilization of hydrogen to
decarbonize heat/electricity areas
CO2 fixation/reuse, including carbon
recycling that reuses CO2 as raw materials
or fuels

Flexible response to changes in time or circumstances - Agility*
Focus on PDCA cycle to continue developing highly effective initiatives
As the movement toward decarbonization progresses
rapidly in the world, we will continue to precisely identify
changes in social structure and trends in scientificknowledge and technological development, listen to theopinions of Tokyo residents, businesses, and experts, keep
on working on the PDCA cycle, and consider and implement
the upgrade of the goals and initiatives as necessary.

This strategy is intended as a whitepaper with the aim ofrealizing a Zero Emission Tokyo. We are continuing tomonitor and verify the progress of the Zero Emission
Tokyo Strategy formulated in December 2019. Against thisbackground, we have shown our vision and efforts toward“Carbon Half” by 2030.

■ Tokyo Bay eSG Project

Illustrated visions for 2021 to 2030
Zero Emission
Tokyo

Carbon-half city
Ariake Legacy Area
100% cashless

Revitalized watertransportation

Autonomous driving/
AI traffic regulation

Tokyo International
Cruise Terminal

Tokyo Big Site

Sustainable efforts

C he

tio
n
of

Advanced medical care

Version 1

en

n

tio

ta
Sea Forest Park/
Waterway

Version 2

Plan

ck

Version X

Review/updatestrategies

Review/updatestrategies

Review/updatestrategies

Green technology initiatives

C he

Plan

Plan

es
vic

em

pl

r
se

im

Cutting-edge technology
implementation

ck

za
ali

Service robot

y
og

Tokyo
Metropolitan
Industrial
Technology
Research
Instituteck

ZEVs for local public transportation

C he
ol

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Reportnt a nd bt io nl c re a

Re

54

2020

hn

Furthermore, we will strive to create more innovations by building
and supporting a mechanism that encourages collaboration between
businesses.

de ve l o p m e

S u p p o r t t e c h n o lo g ycTeTokyo will take the initiative in promoting verification projects andencouraging the utilization and spread of technology in Tokyo incollaboration with the private sector at home and abroad that takeson the challenge of business models that utilize advanced technology.
In the Bay Area in particular, we will support the swift social
implementation of cutting-edge technologies, such as green
technology, and realize a sustainable urban model by attracting
green technology businesses and developing a variety of projects.

Existing technology

It is also important to link the circular economy policy to
climate change measures to promote it in an integrated
manner. We hope that the national government will
discuss effective policy approaches for the sustainable useof resources and promote decarbonization efforts that willcontribute to the achievement of SDGs.

In the face of climate change, we are forced to takeconcrete action that will lead to net zero emissions by
2050. In accordance with the recognition that efforts
during the decade up to 2030 are extremely important
given by the IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of
1.5ºC, we call for the national government to appropriately
clarify new 2030 greenhouse gas targets and clear paths
to them at an early stage, and take action for reduction assoon as possible.

Do

Combine different initiatives toStrongly promote social implementation ofexisting and advanced technologies

Advanced technology

Ac t

By being committed to ambitious goals and clearly showing thedirection of initiatives, TMG aims to realize a virtuous cycle oftechnologies and initiatives in which we enhance predictability in theprivate sector to encourage technological development, revitalize themarket, and promote investment.

Innovation throughnew combinations
Existing technology ×
advanced technology
Existing technology × new ideas
Advanced technology ×
next-generation technology••

Next-generation
technology

Do

To realize “Carbon Half” by 2030 and a Zero Emission Tokyo by 2050,
we have to, instead of simply waiting for future innovations, make themost of existing and advanced technologies with a potential for great
CO2 savings for lower costs, higher performance, and moresophisticated and widespread implementation. To this end, support
through policies is essential, including subsidies and institutional
support. We also need to strategically consider and implement
efforts for regulatory reform and standardization, creating further
demand for technology and lowering prices.

Innovative technology

n

Ac t

Making the most of existing technology is
top priority
Support through policies is indispensable tothat endt io

Do

Investing in decarbonization technology is seen as an opportunity for
growth, as the ability to proactively establish promising
decarbonization technology is expected to be a focus of international
competition in the near future. Against this backdrop, the industrial
world including start-ups is actively moving toward the innovationand social implementation of decarbonization technology based on
digital technology etc.

o va

Since the national government has a major responsibility
and role in energy supply, we will press for maximized
acceleration of efforts to make renewable energy a majorenergy source and a dramatic increase in the proportionof renewable energy in electricity by 2030.

In the fall of 2020, the national government announced
the long-awaited 2050 Carbon Neutral Declaration. It is agreat pleasure for Japan to be regaining a voice in theinternational community regarding climate change
measures. TMG welcomes the statement of intention of
the national government.

Ac tEven though the world strengthens and accelerates its efforts toward
decarbonization, the realization of zero emissions by 2050 is anextremely daunting challenge and indubitably involves the utilizationof technology and innovations.

Multifaceted
consideration

Scientific knowledge,
progress of initiatives,
trends in technologicaldevelopment
Voices of Tokyo
residents andbusinesses

Etc.

* Agility is used here to mean
a flexible and swift responseto changes in time or
circumstances.

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report55Column

09

Make a solar power generator a must-havehome appliance in 2030!

Tokyo is a densely built city with many buildings but it is also a residential city home to approximately 14 million
people. In Tokyo, solar panels have not yet been installed on approximately 95% of roofs* that are suitable for solar
power generation (This applies to houses including apartment buildings).

* Houses are deemed “suitable (including conditionally suitable)" for installation by the Tokyo Rooftop Solar Register and other programs

Home appliances that shape a decarbonizedsociety: Solar power generators

Solar power generation

If you install solar power generation equipment on the roofof your house, you can use clean electricity yourself, saveon electricity bills, sell electricity, and use electricity in theevent of a power outage. If you add a storage battery, yourhouse will have the added advantage of high energy
self-sufficiency and excellent disaster preparedness.

V2H

EV

Installing solar power generation equipment on all eligible
roofs of houses in Tokyo can cover approximately 13% of
the total power consumption in Tokyo (approximately 41%
in the residential sector). The realization of a Zero Emission
Tokyo is required to utilize such potential and make a shift
to a society in which solar panels are installed as standard
at each home like home appliances.

In California, in the UnitedStates, a system that
requires the installation ofsolar panels in new houses
started in 2020.

■ Percentage of renewable power used in Tokyo

By installing solar panels on all roofs (houses) suitable forpower generation, and...

Renewable
power
Goal 50%

15.3%

Renewable
power
Goal 50%

Renewable
power
Goal
50%
15.3%

Renewable
power
Goal 50%

15.3%

+13%
Total power consumption in Tokyo
Approx. 78.8 TWh/year (2018)

15.3%

+13%

By each of us doing ourpart to save electricity, we
can increase this ratio evenmore.

(Installation potential of houses in Tokyo is over approx. 8,000 MW)

Use as power supply during power outages or disasters (daily practice recommended)
In normal times, a solar power generation system operates
in a linked operation mode that connects to a powercompany. By switching the operation mode to the selfsustained operation mode, you can use electricity even in
the event of a power outage or emergency.
There are seven steps for actual use as shown below.
Practice on a regular basis in case of emergency.

Emergency outlet

Zero Emission Tokyo Strategy
2020 Update & Report
Source: Japan Photovoltaic Energy
Association (JPEA)(side of unit)

How to use self-sustained operation mode
(1) Check the location of the outlet for self-sustained operation.
(2) Read the instruction manual to check how to switch to theself-sustained operation mode.
(3) Turn off the main circuit breaker.
(4) Turn off the solar power generation breaker.

(5) Switch to the self-sustained operation mode.
(6) Connect the home appliance you wish to the outlet for
self-sustained operation and use the appliance.
(7) Make sure to restore the unit after power restoration:
Cancel the self-sustained operation mode ⇒ Turn on the solar
power generation breaker ⇒ Turn on the main circuit breaker.
Source: Material of Japan Photovoltaic Energy Association (JPEA)

In 2030, solar power generation may well be standard in every home.
56

Zero Emission Tokyo 2020 Update & Report

Edited and published in March 2021
Policy Planning Section,
General Affairs Division,
Bureau of Environment,
Tokyo Metropolitan Government
8-1 Nishi-Shinjuku 2-chome,
Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 163-8001
TEL (03)5388-3429
Designed by Bunkakobo, Inc.
Printed by Daito Industrial Printing Co., Ltd.
URL: http://www.kankyo.metro.tokyo.jp/policy_others/
zeroemission_tokyo/strategy_2020update.html
FY 2020

Registration No. (2) 85

Environmental Document No. 32102