List of Abbreviations
5SSeiri, Seiton, Seisou, Seiketsu, Shitsuke(Sort, Straighten, Shine, Systematize, Standardize/Self-discipline)

ABCERQ

Association Burkinabé pour les Cercles de Qualité et le Management Participatif（Burkinabe QC Circle Association)

ABMAQ

Association Burkinabé pour le Management de la Qualité(Burkinabe Quality Management Association)

ABPAQ-EA

Association Burkinabé pour le Promotion de l’ Assurance Qualité dans lesEntreprises Alimentaires

ACP

Africa, Caribbean, and Pacific

APO

Asian Productivity Organization

ASEAN

Association of South East Asian Nations

BCA

Building and Construction Authority

BIACBotswana Institute of Administration and Commerce

BNPC

Botswana National Productivity Center

BQW

Botswana Quality Workforce

CAF

Common Assessment Framework

CNSSCaisse Nationale de Sécurité Sociale (National Social Security Fund)

CSR

Corporate Social Responsibility

CWQC

Company-wide Quality Control

DPIFs

District Productivity Improvement Forums

EC

European Commission

ECOWAS

Economic Community of West African States

EDB

Economic Development Board

EKI

Ethiopian Kaizen Institute

ESC

Economic Strategies Committee

ESP

Enterprise Support Program

EUEuropean Union

F&B

Food and Beverage

FASONORM

Direction de la Normalisation et de la Promotion de la Qualité(Directorate for Standardization and Quality Promotion)FCFA

CFA Franc

FDI

Foreign Direct Investment

FY

Fiscal Yeariii

GCI

Global Competitiveness Index

GDP

Gross Domestic ProductGHQ

General Headquarters

GRIPS

National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies

ICTInformation and Communication TechnologyIE

Industrial Engineering

IFC

International Finance Cooperation

IMF

International Monetary Fund

IRS

Information and Research Service

ISO

International Organization for Standardization

JETRO

Japan External Trade Organization

JICA

Japan International Cooperation Agency

JIS

Japanese Industrial Standards

JIT System

Just-In-Time System

JK Activities

Jisyu-Kanri (self-management) Activities

JMA

Japan Management Association

JMAC

JMA Consultants Inc.

JPC

Japan Productivity Center

JPC-SED

Japan Productivity Center for Socio-Economic Development

JSPP 21

Japan-Singapore Partnership Program for the 21st century

JUSE

Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers

LMR

Labor-Management Relations

MEBF

Maison d’Entreprises du Burkina Faso

MITI

Ministry of International Trade and Industry

MOI

Ministry of Industry (Ethiopia)

MOM

Ministry of Manpower (Singapore)

MOTI

Ministry of Trade and Industry (Ethiopia) (Botswana)

MOU

Memorandum of Understanding

MSD

Management and Supervisory Development

MSE

Micro and Small Enterprises

MTI

Ministry of Trade and Industry (Singapore)NGO

Non-Governmental OrganizationNPB

National Productivity Board (Singapore)

NPC

National Productivity Council (Singapore)iv

NPCEC

National Productivity and Continuing Education Council

NSO

National Strategy Office

NTUC

National Trade Union Congress

ODA

Official Development AssistanceOJT

On the Job Training

ONAC

Office National du Commerce Exterieur (National Export Promotion Bureau)

P&Q

Productivity and Quality

PAPA

Pan-African Productivity Association

PBRS

Performance Based Reward System

PDCA

Plan-Do-Check-Act

PDP

Productivity Development Project

PHRD

Policy and Human Resources Development

PMS

Performance Management System

PSB

Productivity Standard Board

PSP

Public Service Program

QC

Quality Control

QCC

Quality Control Circle

QCD

Quality, Cost, Delivery

QMS

Quality Management System

R&D

Research and DevelopmentSADCSouthern African Development Community

SCP

Singapore Cooperation Program

SDF

Skills Development Fund

SECJ

Social and Economic Congress of Japan

SME

Small and Medium Enterprise

SMEDSingle-Minute Exchange of Die

SMME

Small, Micro and Medium Enterprise

SPA

Singapore Productivity Association

SPPF

Special Project Preparation Facility

SPRING

Standards, Productivity and Innovation Board

SQ

Singapore Airlines

TAP

Total Approach to Productivity

TPM

Total Productive Maintenance

TPS

Toyota Production Systemv

TQC

Total Quality Control

TQM

Total Quality Management

TVET

Technical and Vocational Education and Training

UEMOA

Union Economique et Monetaire Ouest Africaine(West African Economic and Monetary Union)

UNIDO

United Nations Industrial Development Organization

USUnited States

WCPCE

Working Committee for Productivity and Continuing Education

WIT

Work Improvement Team

WW2Second World Warvi