SV-A Series
Sine-wave Vibro Viscometer

Users’ Handbook

Version 1.13E
June 2009
International Div., A&D Company, Limited

Viscometry Revolution!

Contents■BasisA. Measurement ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
1. Viscosity ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
1. Introduction ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. Viscosity ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. Units of Viscosity ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. Measurement Method ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Vibro Viscometer-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. Rotational Viscometer -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. Capillary Viscometer ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. Falling-ball Viscometer ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. Cup Type Viscometer ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3
5
7
8
8
9
10
11
11

B. Viscosity Standard ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12
1. Viscosity Standard ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
2. Viscosity Standard Fluid --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
3. Viscosity of Water ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13
C. Calibration ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14
Q&A1 Calibration of viscometer (viscosity coefficient) by users ---------------------------------------- 14
Q&A2 Calibration points (1-point/2-point calibration) ----------------------------------------------------- 14
Q&A3 Calibration procedure ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
Q&A4 JCSS accreditation ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16
Q&A5 Traceability system diagram and certificate ----------------------------------------------------------- 16

D. Accuracy (Repeatability) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
Q&A6 Accuracy (repeatability) of viscometer ------------------------------------------------------------------ 17
Q&A7 Repeatability with respect to measured value ------------------------------------------------------- 17■Product (Sine-wave Vibro Viscometer SV-A Series)
A. Mechanism and Features of Sine-wave Vibro Viscometer SV-A Series -------------------- 18
B. Measurement Method ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20
Q&A8 Measurement method of SV-A Series ------------------------------------------------------------------- 20
Q&A9 Why two sensor plates?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20
Q&A10 Compatibility with rotational viscometer ---------------------------------------------------------------- 20
Q&A11 Compatibility with rotational viscometer on non-Newtonian fluid ---------------------------- 20
Q&A12 Shear rate of SV-A Series ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 21

C. Measuring Viscosity ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
Q&A13 Measurement time --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
Q&A14 Amount of a sample ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22
Q&A15 Repeatability of measured value ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 22
Q&A16 Switching measurement units ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22
Q&A17 Minimum indication (resolution) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22
Q&A18 Measurement range and change of sensors ------------------------------------------------------- 23
Q&A19 Temperature range of a sample ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 23
Q&A20 How to measure temperature while measuring --------------------------------------------------- 23
Q&A21 How to measure viscosity at a constant temperature ------------------------------------------- 23
Q&A22 How to measure while changing the temperature of a sample ------------------------------- 24
Q&A23 What refrigerant should be used for Water Jacket ------------------------------------------------ 24
Q&A24 Measuring a solvent ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24
Q&A25 Usage of a container other than the accessory Sample Cups --------------------------------- 24
SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E-1-

Q&A26 Materials of the sensor unit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24
Q&A27 Measurement of viscosity of a non-Newtonian fluid ---------------------------------------------- 24
Q&A28 Measurement of a sample of low viscosity ----------------------------------------------------------- 25
Q&A29 Measurement of a sample in flowing state ----------------------------------------------------------- 25
Q&A30 How to obtain rigorous absolute values of viscosity --------------------------------------------- 26
Q&A31 Measurement of a kinetic viscosity -------------------------------------------------------------------- 26
Q&A32 Surface level of a sample fluid ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27
Q&A33 Measurement of change of sample over time ------------------------------------------------------- 28

D. Collecting and Outputting Measured Data ---------------------------------------------------------------- 29
Q&A34 How to print, collect, or save measured result ----------------------------------------------------- 29■Application
A. Data Analysis -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30
1. Windows Communication Tools “WinCT-Viscosity” ---------------------------------------------------- 30
2. Example of Measurement Display Using RsVisco ------------------------------------------------------ 31(1) Example of RsVisco Display (Silicone Oil) --------------------------------------------------------------- 31
Example of Viscosity Measurement of Purified Water ---------------------------------------------- 32(2) Examples of Viscosity Measurement of Industrial Products --------------------------------------- 33
Viscosity Measurement of Cement Materials (Mortar, Cement Pastes)------------------------- 33
Viscosity Measurement of Engine Oil ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35
Viscosity Measurement of Semiconductor Abrasive ---------------------------------------------------- 36
Viscosity Measurement of Plaster in Curing Process -------------------------------------------------- 36
Gelation Point Measurement of Solder Flux -------------------------------------------------------------- 37
Viscosity Measurement of Silicone Adhesive in Curing Process --------------------------------- 37
Viscosity Measurement of Nonionic Surface-active Agent ------------------------------------------- 38
Viscosity Measurement of Water Paint (Water Varnish, Water Paint) ---------------------------- 39(3) Examples of Viscosity Measurement of Fluids at Different Concentrations ------------------- 40
Concentration and Viscosity of Ethanol Solution ------------------------------------------------------- 40
Concentration and Viscosity of Die-cast Mold Release Agent ------------------------------------- 41
Concentration and Viscosity of Insulation Coating Agent --------------------------------------------- 41(4) Examples of Viscosity Measurement of Food ------------------------------------------------------------ 42
Viscosity and Coagulating Process Measurement of Egg White --------------------------------- 42
Viscosity and Concentration Measurement of Gelatin ------------------------------------------------ 44
Viscosity Measurement of Custard Pudding of Good/Failure Samples ------------------------ 44
Viscosity Measurement of Worcester Sauce ------------------------------------------------------------- 45
3. List of Measurement Results -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46(1) Measuring a Sample at a Constant Temperature -------------------------------------------------- 46(2) Measuring the Temperature Coefficient --------------------------------------------------------------------- 49(3) Measuring the Coagulation Point and Cloud Point ----------------------------------------------------- 51(4) Measuring a Sample Changing Its Concentration -------------------------------------------------------- 54■MaintenanceA. Sensor Plate ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55
Q&A35 Replacing the Sensor Plates ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 55

B. Cleaning --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55
Q&A36 How should I clean the measurement unit? --------------------------------------------------------- 55

C. Troubleshooting ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56
Q&A37 When measurement values do not become stable ------------------------------------------------ 56
Q&A38 When measurement values are not correct ----------------------------------------------------------- 57
Q&A39 When the temperature values are not correct ------------------------------------------------------- 57
Q&A40 Only the sensor plate on the left is vibrating vigorously ---------------------------------------- 57§ Product Specifications of Viscometer SV-A Series --------------------------------------------------------- 58

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E-2-

■BasisA． Measurement
1． Viscosity
1. Introduction
Measuring viscosity is an effective method of determining the state (properties of matter) or the fluidityof a liquid or a gas. For example, the viscosity of a liquid is an important parameter for designing thepiping in a plant, or transporting crude oil or chemical agent through a pipeline. Viscosity measurement
has played an important role in, to say nothing of the petrochemical industry, a wide range of industries
such as the food, printing (ink), medical drug, or cosmetics industries, as well as in quality control
during a production process or in various research and development stages for the improvements ofquality and performance. Recently, in the electronic engineering industry it has been recognized that
controlling viscosity of photoresist fluid, which is used in the production processes of the print circuitboard, the cathode-ray tube and the flat liquid crystal display, is a crucial factor in determining thequalities, performances and yields of finished products. Among those industries, it has also beenrecognized that controlling optimum viscosity reduces production costs.
Furthermore, in the biology and medical fields, viscidity of blood for instance affects hemodynamics andmicrocirculation, and viscosity is also an important parameter for research of colloidal solutions such as
biopolymer solution.
Generally speaking, viscosity is associated only with liquid. Because gas is a relatively inviscid fluid, it
is considered that no major errors will be produced if ignoring a force towards the direction of the gas
flow that exerts on a plane against the gas (tangential stress†), unless it is not involving a fast-moving
object such as a rocket or aircraft. This kind of ideal fluid in which no tangential stress generates when
it is in motion (fluid state) is called a perfect fluid or an inviscid fluid.
Almost all liquid are viscous fluid having viscidity. For example, when rotating a drum container filledwith water on its vertical central axis, the water that was at rest in the beginning starts moving as being
dragged by the container’s inside wall and then whirls completely together with the container as if itwere a single rigid body. This is caused by the force (tangential stress) having generated in the
direction of the flow (movement) on the surface of water and the container’s inside wall. A fluid thatgenerates this kind of force is regarded as having viscosity. Viscous fluid is further divided broadly into
two categories; Newtonian fluid that is subject to Newton’s law of viscosity, and non-Newtonian fluidthat is not subject to Newton’s law of viscosity.
As described above, fluid can be broadly categorized as shown in Figure 1 below:

Fluid

Perfect fluid
Viscous fluid

Newtonian fluid
Non-Newtonian
fluid

Dilatant fluid*
Pseudo plastic fluid*
Plastic fluid*

Bingham fluid*
Non-Bingham

Thixotropy*

Figure 1 Physical Classification of Fluid

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E

fluid** Please refer to “2. Viscosity”.

-3-■Basis/ A. Measurement/ 1. Viscosity†

Tangential Stress
Where a plane passes through a given point P in a fluid, each part of the fluidＰon both sides of the plane exert forces on each other. The force (stress) per
unit area of the plane is resolved into a tangential component and a normalcomponent; they are called a tangential stress and a normal stressrespectively. For example, when it is a resting fluid, the tangential stress is zeroand the normal stress exerts pressure.

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E

-4-

Plane

Tangential
StressNormal Stress■Basis/ A. Measurement/ 1. Viscosity

2. Viscosity
Viscosity, which is also called a viscosity coefficient, is the substance constant indicating the magnitudeof the “fluidity” of a fluid. Let’s look at viscosity from a physics point of view in order to understand anddefine it properly.
As shown in Figure 2, the two plates, board A and board B, are
P’ Board B
V0placed parallel to each other and filled with a liquid (fluid). The
y0
distance between board A and board B is y0. Where board A isdVV
fixed and board B is being moved parallel to board A at aydy
constant speed of V0, if the fluid between board A and board B is
Liquidalso in motion parallel to board A and has produced a steadyflow, this is called the Couette flow.
Where the velocity at a given distance y between board A andboard B is V, they are in proportion as shown in Figure 2. Where
the slope of the straight line connecting O and P’ is D,(Fluid)O

Board A

Figure 2 Couette Flow
(Newtonian Fluid)

D = V/ySince it equals the increased quantity of the velocity per unit distance, i.e. the velocity gradient,

D = dV/dy(1)

D is called a shear rate.
In Figure 2, the liquid layers at distance y and at distance y+dy flow parallel to each other at speed V
and at speed V+dV respectively. Because of the difference in the velocities, an internal frictional force
will develop between them. The frictional force applied to the unit area of the plane parallel to the flow
direction between board A and board B is called a tangential stress. This is also known as a shear
stress.
Where τ stands for a tangential stress, it is proportionate to shear stress D. Where η stands for the
proportional constant,τ = ηD (Newton's law of viscosity)(2)

The equation (2) represents the law known as Newton's law of viscosity. Proportional constant η iscalled viscosity or a viscosity coefficient.

η = τ/D(3)

The fluid subject to this law, whose viscosity η at specific temperature is constant in spite of shear rate
D or shear stress τ, is called a Newtonian fluid. If shear rate D and shear stress τ are notproportionate, i.e. if viscosity η of the fluid is variable with the quantities of shear rate D or shear stressτ, it is called a non-Newtonian fluid. A liquid such as water, alcohol, etc. which is composed of a single
substance (molecule) is a Newtonian fluid. On the other hand, a polymer solution, a colloidal solution,etc. is generally a non-Newtonian fluid.

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E-5-

■Basis/ A. Measurement/ 1. Viscosity

Figure 3 shows the relationship between shear rate D andshear stress τ. As straight line ① shows, where they are inproportion indicating a constant slope of the line, it is a
Newtonian fluid. Where θ stands for the slope, viscosity η isrepresented by the following equation (4);

η = tanθ(4)

Shear Stress τ

④’

τ0

④

⑤

③
①

②

θ
The fluids with fluidities such as indicated by lines ② - ⑤
are non-Newtonian fluids. Viscosity τ/D varies in response to
Shear Rate D
the quantity of shear rate, and the viscosity will not be
constant.
Figure 3 Newtonian Fluid and NonCurved line ② shows what is called a dilatant fluid, and the
Newtonian Fluid (Yutaka Matsuyama,viscosity increases as the shear rate increases.
Jitsuyo Kogyo Bunseki, 61,Curved line ③ shows what is called a pseudo plastic fluid,
The Energy Conservation Center, 2001)
and the viscosity decreases as the shear rate increases.
Straight line ④ and curved line ④’ show what is called a plastic fluid, which will not flow until thequantity of the shear rate becomes equal to or over the shear stress τ0 (yield stress) of specificcriticality after increased from zero. After reaching the yield stress, if the relationship between τ and Dshows a straight line such as line ④, it is called a Bingham fluid. If it shows a non-straight line suchas curved line ④’, it is called a non-Bingham fluid.
Curved line ⑤ shows what is called thixotropy. Hysteresis occurs during the increasing anddecreasing processes of the shear rate. This is indicated when a liquid at rest becomes a sol state(colloidal solution) at flow, and then returns to a gel again at rest.

Table 1 below shows typical examples of each type of fluid:

Table 1 Typical examples of fluid typeType of fluid

Typical example①Newtonian fluid:

Water, sugar solution, salt solution, alcohol, solvent, glycerin, silicon oil, oil-based (water-based)
cosmetics, mercury②Dilatant fluid:

Starch solution, moist sand (quick sand), suspension (high concentration), clay slurry, paint,
chocolate (buttermilk)③Pseudo plastic fluid:

Colloidal solution, polymer solution, emulsion, lacquer varnish, paint/dye, mayonnaise, sauces, juice,evaporated milk

④Plastic fluid(Bingham fluid) : Margarine, tomato ketchup, egg white (foam), toothpaste, cream (cosmetics), various slurries (cloudy
liquid with solid particle)(Non-Bingham fluid) : Print ink, paint, coating, mayonnaise, refined flour of alimentary yam paste，asphalt, blood⑤Thixotropy:

Solder paste, grease, print ink, clay suspension, tomato ketchup, cocoa, cream (cosmetics)

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E-6-

■Basis/ A. Measurement/ 1. Viscosity

3. Units of Viscosity
According to the equation (3) aforementioned, viscosity is η = τ/D. This is represented by SI units
based on the MKS system of units as follows:(i) Shear stress τ is force per unit area. The unit of force is Newton (N). Therefore the unit of τ is N/m2
or Pascal [Pa], which is the unit of stress (pressure).
(ii) Shear rate D is defined as dV/dy by the equation (1), and is represented by the unit [s-1], which wasgiven by dividing the unit [m/s] of speed V by the unit [m] of distance y. Therefore, according to (i)and (ii), the unit of viscosity η is [Pa]/ [s-1]=[Pa·s]. [Pa·s] reads “Pascal·second”.
(SI unit system)

Unit of viscosity η is [Pa•s](5)

On the other hand, according to the CGS system of units, the unit of force is dyne, and the unit of τ is[dyne/cm2]. Since the unit of shear rate D is [s-1] above, the unit of viscosity η is represented by[dyne/cm2]/ [s-1]= [dyne·s/cm2], which is called poise [P].
(CGS unit system)

Unit of viscosity η is [P](6)

The relationship (conversion) between SI and CGS units of viscosity η is represented by the equation
1[Pa·s] = 10 [P] because 1 Newton is 1x105 dyne, and 1m2 is 1x104cm2. Therefore,(7)

1[m Pa•s]=1[cP][m Pa•s] and [cP] read as “milli-pascal-second” and “centi-poise” respectively.
The result given by dividing viscosity η by densityρof the liquid is called kinematic viscosity, or
kinetic viscosity, or dynamic viscosity.
Where a symbol ν stands for the kinetic viscosity;
Kinetic viscosity ν=η/ρ
(8)
SI unit of kinetic viscosity is represented by [m2/s], which was given by dividing the equation (5) by theunit of density [kg/m3]. [m2/s] reads “square-meter-per-second”.
On the other hand, using CGS units, it is represented by [cm2/s], and this unit is called stokes [St].
Therefore, the units of kinetic viscosity are as follows:
SI unit: [m2/s](9)
CGS unit: [cm2/s]=[St]
(10)
(11)
Relationship (conversion): 1×10-4［m2/s］＝1［cm2/s］＝1［St］
Or; 1×10-6［m2/s］＝1［mm2/s］＝1×10-2［St］＝1［cSt］(12)[cSt] reads as “centi-stokes”.
1cm

Reference – Viscosity

As shown in Figure 4, where stress τ exerted on
board B (inside) of unit area 1 cm2 is 1[dyne/cm2]
when the distance between board A and board B is
1cm and it is filled with liquid, and only board B isbeing moved parallel at a speed of 1cm/second(shear rate D = 1[s-1]), according to the equation (3)η=τ/D, viscosity ηof this liquid is given as 1 poise[P], or according to the equation (7), as 0.1 Pascal
second [Pa•s].

1cm

1cm

Ｂ

Fluid
(Liquid)

Ａ

Ｂ
Ａ

Moving parallelτat uniform

1cm

speed of 1cm/s

Figure 4 Geometric Definition of Viscosity

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E-7-

2． Measurement Method■Basis/ A. Measurement/ 2. Measurement Method

Measuring viscosity coefficient is useful for evaluating viscidity. Several types of viscometer havebeen developed for research and development, or various industries. Viscometers are classified into
the following types by the measurement principle. As of today, viscometers 1) to 4) below arestandardized as the JIS viscosity measurement method.
1) Vibro viscometer: Measures viscosity by controlling the amplitude of the sensor plates immersed
in a sample and measuring the electric current to drive the sensor plates.
2) Rotational viscometer: Measures viscosity by measuring the running torque of the cylindricalrotors immersed in a sample.
3) Capillary viscometer: Obtains viscosity by letting a sample flow inside the capillary and measuring
the difference in pressures between both ends of the capillary.
4) Falling-ball viscometer: Obtains viscosity by measuring the time of a cylindrical or spherical object
falling through a sample over a specific distance.
5) Cup-type viscometer: Obtains viscosity by measuring the time taken by a sample to flow out of
the opening in a container.

1. Vibro Viscometer
Spring plate
As shown in Figure 5, the thin sensor plates are immersed in asample. When the spring plates are vibrated with a uniform
Displacement
sensorfrequency, the amplitude varies in response to the quantity ofElectromagnetic
the frictional force produced by the viscidity between the sensor
drive
plates and the sample. The vibro viscometer controls the driving
electric current to vibrate the spring plates in order to develop
Temperature
uniform amplitude.
sensor
The driving force required for the viscidity is directly proportional
Sampleto the viscosity × density. Therefore, when vibrating the spring
plates with a constant frequency to develop uniform amplitude
Vibratorfor samples with differing viscosities, the driving electric current(Sensor Plate)Direction of(driving power) is also directly proportional to the product ofvibration
viscosity and density of each sample.
Figure 5 Vibro Viscometer
Using a theoretical formula based on this measurement principle,(Detection System)
the physical quantity measured by vibro viscometers is detected
as “viscosity × density.” The same is true for A&D’s vibro viscometer SV-A Series, which displays avalue of viscosity × density. While “mPa•s” is used as the unit of measurement for the displayed valueof the SV-A Series, if the density of the sample is not 1 [kg/m3], it is possible to obtain the absoluteviscosity value by dividing the displayed value by the density of the sample.
A&D’s vibro viscometer SV-A Series is designed for sensitive measurement of viscosity providing awide dynamic range and high resolution by vibrating with a frequency of about 30 Hz, equivalent to theeigenfrequency (resonance) of the detection system. As a result, the SV-A Series can determine a wide
dynamic range of viscosity measurement. The ranges for the SV-1A, SV-10A and SV-100A are 0.3
mPa•s to 1,000 mPa•s, 0.3 mPa•s to 10,000 mPa•s, and 1 Pa•s to 100 Pa•s, respectively. The SV-A
Series is capable of continuously measuring in these measurement ranges with excellent repeatability(accuracy) and stability. This wide dynamic range enables the measurement of viscosity changes inthixotropic processes during which a liquid turns into gel from sol (colloidal solution), or in the curing
processes of resin, adhesive or paint, which cannot be continuously measured with a conventionalrotational viscometer.

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E-8-

■Basis/ A. Measurement/ 2. Measurement Method

2. Rotational Viscometer
Synchronous

As shown in Figure 6, a cylindrical rotor is placed in a sample andmotor
rotated with a motor at a constant speed. The rotational
Index
Scale plateviscometer employs the measurement method applying the factthat viscosity is directly proportional to a running torque required toSpringdevelop steady rotating motion. As shown in Figure 6, when therotation has become steady, the running torques caused by the
Rotorviscosity and the twist of the spring will be balanced, the twist
Sampleangle of the spring will be proportional to the viscosity of a sample,
and an index of this will be displayed on the scale. Some devices
display the digital value of viscosity coefficient converted from
Direction of
Rotationrunning torque.
Figure 6 Principle of
The model shown in Figure 6 is called a single cylindrical
Rotational Viscometerrotational viscometer whose method is the simplest. There isanother method called the coaxial double cylindrical viscometer, which has outer and innercylinders with a central axis. This measures viscosity by filling in between both cylinders with a sample
fluid and rotating either of them to make a laminar flow.
There is also another called the torque type viscometer, which measures viscosity by controlling
uniform running torque.
The rotational viscometer is, in principle, a fine measurement method. However, it requires several
kinds of rotors in order to cover a wide range of measurement. The measurement range of a single
rotor is narrow, and, as a result, the continuity of a measurement will be disturbed and lost when
exchanging rotors.
In addition, measurement accuracy is guaranteed only for the full scale, and then errors inmeasurement are inevitable in the lower viscosity range.
In worst cases, accurate viscosity may not be obtained because viscosity varies accompanied by thegradually rising temperature of a sample after starting the measurement in both lower and higher
viscosity ranges. This happens because, in lower viscosity ranges, a larger rotor is required to detecttorque more than at a certain level, and, in higher viscosity ranges, a great quantity of kinetic energy
caused by a great frictional force is exerted on the rotor.

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E-9-

■Basis/ A. Measurement/ 2. Measurement Method

3. Capillary Viscometer
When the laminar flow of liquid flows through a
P1 Pressure
Pressure P2
sensorsensorcylindrical capillary tube, as shown in Figure 7,
Proportioning Pump
Flow rate Q
where symbol Q stands for the volume of flow
Capillary tube
per unit time (flow rate), 2r for the diameter, L
for the length of the capillary tube, P1 and P2 for
Capillary Tube of 2r diameter and L length
the pressures at the both ends of the capillary
Figure 7 Principle of Capillary Viscometer
tube, and the pressure differential P1 - P2 is Δ
P, the flow rate Q is directly proportional to thepressure gradient ΔP/L. This phenomenon is called Poiseuille’s law and represented by the equation
(13).
Q ＝

πr4 ΔP
8η
L（13）

From equation (13), viscosityηis represented by equation (14 ) as follows:η＝πr4 ΔP
8L
Q（14）Therefore, with a capillary viscometer that has a structure shown in Figure 7, the viscosityηcan beobtained by measuring the flow rate Q of the fluid flowing through the capillary tube and the pressure
differential ΔP between both ends of the capillary tube. This measurement method is based on thelaws of physics; therefore, the viscosity according to the definition of viscosity can be obtained. This iscalled the absolute measurement method of viscosity.
There is another type of capillary viscometer made of glass asshown in Figure 8.
Although processing of this capillary tube is not easy, it has rather
simple principles and a simple structure. Due to the simplicity of its
principles, it has been used since early times and has greatly
improved over time. This capillary viscometer can obtain kinetic
viscosity ν by measuring time t taken by a certain amount ofsample to flow by free-fall through the capillary tube.
Each viscometer is given the viscosity constant C, which wasvalued by calibrating with Viscosity Standard Fluid.
The measurement of kinetic viscosity with this capillary viscometeris represented by equation (15) below;
ν＝ Ｃｔ

Capillary tube

Figure 8 Capillary Viscometer(Free-fall)（15）

The correlation between kinetic viscosity and viscosity is represented by equation (8) above, so
viscosityηis represented by equation (16) measuring density ρ of a sample;
η＝ρν＝ρＣｔ

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E（16）- 10 -

■Basis/ A. Measurement/ 2. Measurement Method

The principles and structure of the capillary viscometer are simple. However, you need to pay a lot of
attention to the measuring operation, which requires many troublesome processes, in order to achieve
accurate measurement. For instance, special care is needed when cleaning the inside of the capillary
viscometer; before measurement you need to perform ultrasonic cleansing a few times using acleaning liquid such as benzene and then dry, followed by another ultrasonic cleansing now withacetone and then dry, and finally rinse out using purified water and then dry. Temperature control isalso essential because glass is susceptible to thermal expansion/contraction under the influence oftemperature, especially in lower viscosity ranges, and it may cause grave errors in measurement.
Therefore, measurement requires a lot of care and quite troublesome processes. Besides that, youmust measure the density of the measuring sample beforehand because viscosity will be measured by
calculating from the measured result acquired from kinetic viscosity.

4. Falling-ball ViscometerAs shown in Figure 9, the falling-ball viscometer measures viscosity by
dropping a column- or sphere-shaped rigid body, whose dimensions
and density are known, into a sample, and measuring the time taken
for it to fall a specific distance. Figure 9 illustrates its principle for theviscosity measurement under the law of free-fall of a rigid body in thegravity field. There is another type of device, which measures travelingtime when horizontally transporting a rigid body, such as a piston, in asample fluid at a constant speed by the force applied by theelectromagnetic field.

SampleFigure 9 Principle ofFalling-ball Viscometer

Unlike the vibro viscometer or the rotational viscometer, the capillary viscometer or the falling-ballviscometer shown in Figures 8 and 9 cannot continuously measure viscosity. It is also impossible tocontinuously output digital signals of viscosity coefficient or to control data.
5. Cup Type Viscometer
When measuring the viscosity of paint or ink, sometimes the cup typeviscometer as shown in Figure 10 may be used. The same method is
also employed for adjusting viscosity of coating applied to the exterior of
automobile using an electrostatic atomization machine.
As shown in the figure, the cup type viscometer measures time taken bya sample fluid, such as paint or ink, to flow from the opening of a cup.
Figure 10 Cup-type Viscometer
The Ford Cup Viscometer is a typical cup type viscometer and Cup No. 3
for relatively lower viscosity and Cup No. 4 for relatively higher viscosity are often used.
Normally, you will measure the time taken by the sample to flow from the opening of a cup using a
stopwatch. On the other hand, there is the digital Ford Cup Viscometer, which detects the outflow of thesample with an optical sensor, automatically calculating time necessary to finish continuous outflow,
and digitally indicates it in 0.01 seconds.
As well as the capillary viscometer and falling-ball viscometer, the cup type viscometer is not suitablefor continuous measurement of viscosity because data as an electrical signal is difficult to obtain for thismeasurement.

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 11 -

B． Viscosity Standard
1． Viscosity Standard■Basis/ B. Viscosity Standard/ 1.Viscosity Standard

We know the viscosity of distilled water measured precisely; the viscosity of distilled water is 1.002
mPa•s (kinetic viscosity 1.0038 mm2/s) at 20.00°C at 1 atm, and this is the primary viscosity standard inJapan.
There are Viscosity Standard Fluids for calibrating viscometers, which are standardized by theJapanese Industrial Standard, JIS Z8809, as shown in the following.
2. Viscosity Standard Fluid
As shown in Table 2, based on the coefficient of kinetic viscosity at 20°C as the reference value, theJapanese Industrial Standard, JIS Z8809, standardizes thirteen types of Viscosity Standard Fluids.
Please note that local suppliers may supply Viscosity Standard Fluids for each country.
Table 2 Viscosity Standard Fluid in Japan2

2
Kinetic
viscosity
動粘度［mm [mm/s］ /s]

Type
種類

Ref.
基準値
20℃

Viscosity[mPa•s]
粘度 ［mPa･s］

Approximate
概略値 value
25℃

30℃

Approximate
概略値 value
40℃

20℃

25℃

30℃

40℃

JS 2.5

2.5

－

2.1

1.8

2.0

－

1.6

1.4

JS 5

5.0

－

3.9

3.2

4.1

－

3.2

2.5

JS 10

10

－

7.4

5.7

8.4

－

6.1

4.6

JS 20

20

－

14

10

17

－

11

8.2

JS 50

50

－

32

21

43

－

27

18

JS 100

100

－

59

38

86

－

51

32

JS 200

200

－

110

66

170

－

95

56

JS 500

500

－

260

150

440

－

230

130

JS 1000

1000

－

500

270

890

－

430

230

JS 2000

2000

－

940

480

1800

－

820

420

JS 14000

14000

－

5500

2400

12000

－

4800

2100

JS 52000

52000

－

20000

8500

46000

－

18000

7500

JS 160000

160000100000－140000

90000

－

－

－

These Viscosity Standard Fluids have traceability to the national standard. Some of them are registeredwith COMAR, the database for certified reference materials, which is associated with the international
standards. Those are easy to come by here in Japan; Nippon Grease Co., Ltd., one of the major
vendors of Viscosity Standard Fluids, supplies Viscometer Standard Fluids with traceability to thenational standard, which are calibrated by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science andTechnology.
We need to be careful about handling of Viscosity Standard Fluid. As shown in Table 2, viscosity
depends greatly on temperature. If the temperature has changed by 1°C, the viscosity will change by
about 2%-10%. Therefore, when calibrating a viscometer, we need to precisely control the temperature.
There are the other handling cautions given by JIS Z8809 as follows;(1) Seal the container of the Viscosity Standard Fluid and keep it at room temperature avoiding
heat and light.
(2) Never return used Viscosity Standard Fluid to the original container.
(3) Avoid reusing Viscosity Standard Fluid. It is advisable to use it up as soon as possible once
opened.

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 12 -

■Basis/ B. Viscosity Standard/ 1.Viscosity of Water

3. Viscosity of Water

Water (distilled water) is a substance easy to come by or handle, and is also internationally recognized
as standard. Water can be used as a convenient standard fluid in lower viscosity. When using water asa standard fluid, we need to purify the water to destroy all impurities in it, and generally use purified
water or distilled water. Purified water is also used for a number of cleanings after thoroughly cleaning
the inside of the sample container using cleaning agent to remove any remaining impurities. Before
measuring, we need to clean the sensor unit, which is to be immersed into a sample in case there is
any residue on it.
As shown in Table 3 and Figure 11, the viscosity of water greatly varies in response to temperaturechanges. It holds true to every liquid and gas; in the case of water, the viscosity of 1.002 mPa•s willchange to 1.792 mPa•s at 0°C, or to 0.282 mPa•s at 100°C. It produces a difference of 2% – 3% in
viscosity when the temperature changes by 1°C. Even if we manage to keep the temperature of thesample (water) within ±1°C, in the end error of ±5% in the measured value may occur due to complex
error factors such as the properties of water, an operator’s operational mistake, or a congenital error in
the viscometer.

Table 3 Viscosity and Kinetic Viscosity (1 atm)

Viscosity η（mPa•s）

温度 tt
Temp.
(°C)

動粘度
ν
Kine. Visco.
ν(mm22/s)（mm /s）

Temp. tt
温度
(°C)
（℃）

粘度
Visco.η
η(mPa•s)（mPa･s）

動粘度
Kine. Visco.
ν

（℃）

粘度
Visco.η
η(mPa•s)（mPa･s）

0

1.792

1.792

40

0.653

0.658

5

1.520

1.520

50

0.548

0.554

10

1.307

1.307

60

0.467

0.475

15

1.138

1.139

70

0.404

0.413

20

1.002

1.0038

80

0.355

0.365

25

0.890

0.893

90

0.315

0.326

30

0.797

0.801

100

0.282

0.295

2.0

ν(mm22/s)（mm /s）

JIS Z8803

1.5

1.0

0.5

0

50
Temperature t (°C)

100

Figure 11 Correlation between Viscosity
and Temperature of Water (1 atm)

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 13 -

■Basis/ C. Calibration

C. Calibration
No.
1

Question
Can a user perform
viscosity coefficientcalibration?

AnswerYes. Users can calibrate the SV-A Series using Viscosity
Standard Fluids (aforementioned) or a liquid whose viscosity isunder your control. When calibrating your viscometer, since theviscosity of Viscosity Standard Fluid depends on thetemperature, before inputting a calibration value, you need tomake a temperature correction of the viscosity coefficient of thestandard fluid in response to the temperature displayed whilemeasuring a sample. As to Viscosity Standard Fluids,
temperature correction values are listed on the Certificate or
Certificate of Measurement. If they are not attached, please ask
the manufacturer of the Viscosity Standard Fluid.
- The Vibro Viscometer SV-A Series requires no replacement ofsensor plates over a wide viscosity range. The ranges for the
SV-1A, SV-10A and SV-100A are 0.3 mPa•s to 1,000 mPa•s,
0.3 mPa•s to 10,000 mPa•s, and 1 Pa•s to 100 Pa•s,
respectively. For calibration, just prepare several kinds ofstandard fluids so that you can do it yourself. This will save you
more time and money for calibration/control of viscosity,
compared to the rotational viscometer.
- Viscosity Standard Fluid standardized by JIS is composed ofhydrocarbon mineral oil, which is susceptible to temperaturechanges or other environmental factors. You are recommended
to use a chemical-synthesized Viscosity Standard Fluid, suchas silicon oil, which is more stable in environmental changes.

2

Which is adopted for
viscosity calibration,
one-point calibration or
two-point calibration?

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E

Both one-point and two-point calibrations are available for A&D’s
vibro viscometer SV-A Series. You can choose either of the
one-point input (span correction) or the two-point input(zero/span corrections) of calibration values. We recommend thetwo-point calibration if the intended measuring range is wide.
With the SV-1A/10A, simplified calibration using purified water isavailable when measuring the viscosity near 1mPa•s. Thisfunction enables very easy calibration as the temperaturecompensation is automatically performed based on thetemperature of the purified water used.

- 14 -

■Basis/ C. Calibration

No.

Question

Answer3

How is viscosity
calibration performed?

For both one-point and two-point calibrations, enter the productof the absolute viscosity value and the density of the Viscosity
Standard Fluid as the correction value. After calibration, checkthe values, comparing the product described in the preceding
sentence with the displayed value.
From the equation (8),Density = Viscosity / Kinetic viscosity

Therefore,
The displayed value of the SV-A Series, Viscosity × Density =Viscosity2 / Kinetic viscosity
Example 1:
To calibrate the viscometer using a standard viscosity fluid:
Using the calculation sheet, calculate the value used forcalibration.
(1) Check the kinetic viscosity and the viscosity at thetemperature when the calibration is performed.
In this example, the kinetic viscosity is 1011 mm2/s and theviscosity is 889 mPa・s at 20 °C.
(2) Substitute the values above to obtain the value for Viscosity2 /Kinetic viscosity.
8892 / 1011 ≒ 781
In this example, 781 mPa・s is the correction value used forcalibration.
Example 2:
To calibrate using a standard viscosity fluid with known
values of viscosity and density.
In this example, a standard viscosity fluid with a viscosity of 889
mPa・s at 20°C is used.
(1) Check the viscosity value and the density of the standard
viscosity fluid at the temperature when the calibration is
performed.
In this example, the viscosity is 889 mPa・s and the density is
0.878 for at 20 °C.
(2) Substitute the values above to obtain the value for Viscosity ×
Density.
889 × 0.878 ≒ 781
In this example, 781 mPa・s is the correction value used forcalibration.
SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 15 -

■Basis/ C. Calibration

No.

Question

Answer

4

What
is
JCSS
standardization
andhow is it related to the
SV-A Series?

Vibro viscometers, including the SV-A Series, are accredited as aJapan Calibration Service System (JCSS) standard device forviscosity measurement by the National Institute of Technology
and Evaluation (NITE), along with the capillary viscometer andthe rotational viscometer.
JCSS is a national system of traceability based on The
Measurement Act of Japan.

5

Is a Traceability System
Diagram and Certificate
available?

Yes. A Traceability System Diagram and Certificate on viscosity
and temperature can be issued. The SV-A Series is calibrated ondelivery for viscosity with standard fluids for calibration. On
issuance of a Certificate, inspections using JS Standard Liquids
defined by JIS will be given; the SV-1A will be inspected withStandard Liquids JS2.5 and JS100, SV-10A with JS2.5 andJS1000, and the SV-100A with JS2000 (or silicone oil) andJS14000.
Temperature inspection is given at a fixed temperature aroundroom temperature.
Please ask for a Certificate on the placement of your order.
(Issuance of Certificate will be charged.)
If you need a Certificate for the product after purchase, it isnecessary to send the whole SV-A unit to us.

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 16 -

■Basis/ D. Accuracy

D. Accuracy (Repeatability)
No.

Question

Answer6

What is themeasurement accuracyof the viscometer?

Repeatability is the variation in measurement results when
repeating measurements of the same sample under the same
conditions. In statistics, repeatability is expressed using thestandard deviation.
For the SV-A Series, it means when measuring the same sample
under the same conditions the variation (repeatability) inmeasurement results (measured values) does not surpass 1% as
the standard deviation. (Please note that the 1% repeatability is
obtained when measurements are performed using the 2 ml
sample cup for the SV-1A and the 45 ml sample cup for the
SV-10A/100A without putting in and taking out the sensor plates.)- Example of 1% standard deviation: When repeating
measurement of a liquid of 100mPa•s viscosity, values between
99mPa•s and 101 mPa•s will be indicated 67 times out of 100.

What does 1%
repeatability mean?

7

What does repeatability
with respect to“measured value”
mean?

The quantity of actual error greatly differs between therepeatability with respect to a measured value and therepeatability with respect to a full scale. The SV-A Series, whose
repeatability is based on “measured value”, can achieve a highrepeatability with the principle of the Sine-wave Vibration Method
assuring a repeatability of 1% of a measured value. (Please notethat 1% repeatability is obtained when measurements are
performed using the 2 ml sample cup for the SV-1A and the 45
ml sample cup for the SV-10A/100A without putting in and taking
out the sensor plates.)
Examples of actual error where the full scale ranges 10000 mPa･s
MethodSV Method(1% of measured value)
Other method(In case of 0.2% of full scale)

10 mPa･s

Measured viscosity
100 mPa･s 1000 mPa･s

0.1 mPa･s

1 mPa･s

10 mPa･s

20 mPa･s

20 mPa･s

20 mPa･s

Reference- Symbols
Table 4. Greek Characters.
alpha

eta

nu

tau

beta

theta

xi

upsilon

gamma

iota

omicron

phi

delta

keppa

pi

chi

epsilonlambda

rho

psi

zeta

mu

sigma

omega

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 17 -

■Product
A． Mechanism and Features of Sine-wave Vibro Viscometer SV-A Series
The Sine-wave Vibro Viscometer SV-A Series has a unit to detect theviscosity of a sample, which is composed of two thin sensor plates asshown in Figure 12. It drives the sensor plates to vibrate at a uniform
sine-wave vibration rate in a reverse phase like a tuning fork. The sensor
plates are driven with the electromagnetic force of the same frequency
as eigenfrequency (resonance), which is the characteristic of eachstructure, in order to resonate the measuring system. This usage ofresonance is the most prominent feature of this viscometer. When thedetection unit vibrates, it produces a sizable magnitude of reaction force
on the supporting unit of the sensor plates via the spring plates. However,since each sensor plate is driven in reverse phase against each other at
the same vibration frequency/amplitude in order to cancel the reaction
force, it enables the user to obtain stable sine-wave vibration.
The electromagnetic drive unit controls the vibration of the sensor plates
in a sample at uniform amplitude, utilizing the resonance of the detection
unit. The driving electric current as an exciting force will be detected as
the magnitude of the viscidity, which is present between the sensor
plates and the sample. The viscosity coefficient is given by thecorrelation (Figure 13) between the driving electric current and themagnitude of viscidity (viscosity coefficient). The SV-A Series displays aviscosity × density value.
The advantages of resonating the measuring and detection systems are
as follows;
1) Resonance of the detection unit allows viscosity detection with highsensitivity in lower viscosity range and also to effectively acquire adriving force with just a small amount of electric current. Thus, it ispossible to measure viscosity while maintaining a wide dynamic range
and high resolution.
2) The inertial force and restitutive force of the sensitive plates arecancelled by each other to be in proportion, thus the exciting force(driving electric current) is influenced only by the magnitude of viscidity(viscosity). (The parameter of viscosity alone can be extracted.)3) The vibration system of the sensor plates is not affected by theinertial and restitutive forces, thus it is possible to measure rapidchanges in viscosity of a sample while quickly tracking it.
Furthermore, since the surface areas of the detection unit and sensor
plates of the SV-A Series are small, and they are driven with much lower
frequency (30Hz) compared to that of a conventional vibro viscometer(several kHz), the SV-A Series boasts the following features;

Spring plate
Displacement
sensorElectromagnetic
drive unit

Temperature
sensorSampleSensorplate

Direction of vibration

Figure 12 Viscosity Detection
Unit (Vibration System)

l: Driving electric
current
η: Viscosity

Figure 13 Correlation
between Electromagnetic
Drive Unit and Driving

1. Measures viscosity in real time in response to changes in viscosity of aElectric Current
sample, while measuring simultaneously the temperature of the sample inreal time. Thus correlation between the temperature change and the viscosity can be measured.
2. The newly developed SV method (tuning-fork type) achieves accuracy with repeatability of as highas 1% in viscosity measurement.

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 18 -

3. No need to exchange sensor plates during continuous measurement over a wide range of viscosity.
The ranges for the SV-1A, SV-10A and SV-100A are 0.3 mPa•s to 1,000 mPa•s, 0.3 mPa•s to 10,000mPa•s, and 1 Pa•s to 100 Pa•s, respectively. (In the case of the rotational viscometer, several kinds ofrotors are required, and continuity of viscosity measurement is disturbed and lost when exchanging
them.)
4. Since the surface area/thermal capacity of the viscosity detection unit (sensor plates) is small, thetemperatures of a sample and the sensor plates will reach thermal equilibrium in a very short time toachieve accurate temperature measurement. (In the case of the rotational viscometer, since thesurface area/thermal capacity of the rotors is large, it takes several minutes to achieve this.)
5. Continuous measurement of viscosity is possible for a long period because the small thermal
capacity of the sensor plates causes relatively minor interference to the temperature of a measuring
sample.
6. The thin sensor plates are employed to avoid deforming a sample’s structure in order to measureviscosity changes of the sample in a stable condition. Even viscosity of a non-Newtonian fluid can bemeasured with high repeatability by utilizing eigenfrequency (resonance).
7. A gel sample with bubbles can also be measured in a stable condition. The frequency of the sensor
plates at as low as 30Hz, with small amplitude, does not disperse fine bubbles in a sample.
8. The two sensor plates interact to make it possible to measure the viscosity of a stirring or flowing
sample. (The rotational viscometer cannot measure such a sample because of interferences of therotating direction and current direction.)
9. Since a sample in a flowing state can be measured, viscosity measurement on the production line
is made possible by installing a bypass overflow tank. The laboratory and production line can shareidentical data management.
10. Changes in properties of a sample can be continuously measured. Since it has a high resolution
and no inertia instability of sensor plates, changes in interfacial properties such as cloud point or
wettability can be observed from changes in viscosity.
11. WinCT-Viscosity, Windows Communication Tools Software, can be used with the SV-A Series. You
can create real time graphs of data regarding viscosity and temperature as shown in Figure 14 with thissoftware.

Figure 14 Real Time Display of
Measured Data (WinCT-Viscosity)

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 19 -

■Product/ B. Measurement Method

B. Measurement Method
No.

Question

Answer8

How does the SV-A
Series operate?

It uses the SV method (the Sine-wave Vibro Viscometer).
Please see “Product A. Mechanism and Features of Sine-wave
Vibro Viscometer SV-A Series” for more details.

9

Why are there two
sensor plates?

This is to stabilize the vibration properties of the detection unit.
They are vibrated with the sine-wave frequency of 30 Hz, whichis equal to the eigenfrequency (resonance) characteristic of eachstructure. It achieves accurate measurement by resonating thewhole measurement system. A single sensor plate has a sizable
reaction force produced on its supporting unit via the spring
plate. In order to cancel this force, another sensor plate isvibrated in a reversal phase at the same frequency/amplitude.
The reaction forces of the sensor plates are cancelled out by
each other; therefore making a very stable vibration
measurement system possible.
Please see “Product A. Mechanism and Features of Sine-wave
Vibro Viscometer SV-A Series” for the details.

10

Is its data compatible
with that of therotational viscometer(B type)?

Regarding a Newtonian fluid, yes. In the case of a
non-Newtonian fluid, sometimes it is not compatible due to thedifference in the shear rate particular to each measurement
device. If it is not compatible, the data obtained from each device
needs to be managed individually or the coefficient needs to betaken into account. Generally, it is effective to adopt a method,which enables accurate measurement in a short measurement
time, for improvements of quality and productivity in the future.

11

How should we interpret
different obtained
values from that of therotational viscometer (Btype)?

Regarding a non-Newtonian fluid, data that is compatible with acone plate rotational viscometer is obtainable. As to viscometersin general, it is recognized that, if the measurement method ormeasurement conditions were different, the measured results will
be different.
To compare several measurement methods, the repeatability ofmeasured results is the key evaluation criteria. The SV-A Series
guarantees a repeatability of measured values of 1% over a wide
range. The ranges for the SV-1A, SV-10A and SV-100A are 0.3
mPa•s to 1,000 mPa•s, 0.3 mPa•s to 10,000 mPa•s, and 1 Pa•s
to 100 Pa•s, respectively. This is something that a conventional
viscometer has never achieved.

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 20 -

■Product/ B. Measurement Method

No.
12

Question
What magnitude ofshear rate does the
SV-A Series have?

AnswerRegarding a non-Newtonian fluid, the shear rate is notproportional to the shear stress, and therefore a viscosity
evaluation cannot be made without determining the value of theshear rate or the shear stress.
The SV-A Series measures viscosity at constant shear rate. The
velocity (shear rate) of the sensor plates keeps periodically
circulating from zero to peak because sine-wave* vibration is
utilized. The shear rates obtained from the driving force of thesensor plates in response to the viscosity value of a Newtonian
fluid measured with Viscosity Standard Fluid are as follows;*The SV-1A, SV-10A and SV-100A vibrate using sine-waves with afrequency of 30 Hz and an amplitude of approx. 0.4 mm (approx. 0.8 mm
peak-to-peak), approx. 0.2 mm (approx. 0.4 mm peak-to-peak) and approx.
0.1 mm (approx. 0.2 mm peak-to-peak), respectively.

Viscosity
coefficient［mPa•s］

Shear rate
(max.)
［1/s］

1
10
100
1000
1
10
100
1000
10000
1000
10000
100000

3500
520
150
110
590
130
42
17
10
11.4
8.6
7.1

SV-1A

SV-10A

SV-100A

Shear rate
(effective
value)
［1/s］
2500
370
100
80
420
92
30
12
7
8.1
6.1
5.0

C. Measuring Viscosity
No.

Question

Answer13

How long does it take tomeasure?

The initial viscosity coefficient will be indicated 15 seconds after
starting the measurement. After that, measured values will be
displayed in real time in response to the changes in viscosity.
With the SV-A Series, the viscosity changes of a sample can bevery quickly tracked in a stable condition by virtue of its compact
measurement system; the sensor unit (sensor plates), whose
surface area and mass are small, make only small shifts andthus reach thermal equilibrium with the temperature of a sample
in just seconds.

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 21 -

■Product/ C. Measuring Viscosity

No.

Question

Answer14

What amount of sample
is necessary for ameasurement?

The SV-1A requires 1.8 to 2 ml. The SV-10A/100A requires 35 to
45 ml when using the standard sample cup, 10 ml when using
the small sample cup, and 13 ml when using the glass sample
cup. (The capacity of the glass sample cup for the SV-1A isapprox. 2 ml.) Compared to the rotational viscometer (B type), it
can measure with a lesser amount.

15

What repeatability can itachieve?

Repeatability of 1% is achievable when repeating measurementsof the same sample under the same condition. High repeatability
is realized for the whole measuring range to obtain stablemeasured values. Moreover, since its operation is easier thanother methods, it allows a user who is not a specialist to repeat ameasurement a number of times and obtain a stable result eachtime.
A sequence of changes in temperature of a heterogeneous
substance such as a composite can be measured as well aschanges in the properties of matter and the viscosity propertiesof a non-Newtonian fluid.

16

Is the measurement unit
convertible?

1. The unit of viscosity coefficient can be switched betweenmPa•s*/Pa•s and cP*/P.
*Only SV-1A/10A
2. The unit of temperature can be switched between °C and °F.

17What is the minimum
display (resolution)?

●When the unit mPa•s or Pa•s is selected

Viscosity

SV-1A

SV-10A

SV-100A

Min. Unit

Min. Unit

Min. Unit(mPa･s)(mPa･s)(Pa･s)(mPa･s)(Pa･s)(Pa･s)

0.3-100.01

0.00010.01

0.0001－

10-1000.1

0.00010.1

0.0001－100-1000

1

0.001

1

0.001

－

1000-10000

－

－

10*

0.01

0.01

10000-100000

－

－

－

－

0.1

1

*1 The unit changes to Pa•s.

●When cP or P is selected
SV-1A

SV-10A

SV-100A

Viscosity(cP)

Min. Unit(cP)(P)

Min. Unit(cP)(P)

Min. Unit(P)

0.3-100.01

0.00010.01

0.0001－

10-100

0.1

0.001

0.1

0.001

－

100-1000

1

0.01

1

0.01

－

1000-10000

-

-

10*

0.1

0.1

10000-100000

－

－

－

－

1

2

*2 The unit changes to P.

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 22 -

■Product/ C. Measuring Viscosity

No.

Question

Answer18

Is it necessary tochange sensors or partsfor each measuring
range?

No. The measuring ranges of the SV-A Series are wide: 0.3
mPa•s to 1,000 mPa•s, 0.3 mPa•s to 10,000 mPa•s, and 1 Pa•s
to 100 Pa•s for the SV-1A, SV-10A and SV-100A, respectively.
Nevertheless, there is no need to exchange sensors over the fullranges. Therefore, even a process of violent changes inviscosity, such as where a sol turns into a gel, can becontinuously measured without disrupting the sequence of data.
With a rotational viscometer, it is difficult to track the changes ofproperties of matter in a wide range like the above, because asingle rotor can only measure viscosity for a narrow range.
Wide range and continuous measurement with the SV-A Series
will help develop new materials or functional materials in the
research field.

19

Up to what temperature
can a sample bemeasured?

The measuring range is from 0°C to 160°C.
The heat resistance temperature of the accessory sample cup(plastic) is about 120°C, so it is usable for any measurement of asample at 100°C or lower.

20

Can the temperaturechange of a sample bemeasuredsimultaneously withviscosity change?

The SV-A Series is equipped with a temperature sensor in thedetection unit (immersed in a sample) enabling simultaneous
measurement of temperature of a sample during viscosity
measurement. There is no need to prepare a thermometer
yourself. Values of viscosity and temperature will besimultaneously indicated on the display unit of the SV-A Series,
so the temperature of a sample can be monitored in real-time
during measurement. The correlation between changes intemperature and viscosity can be tracked in real-time as well.
The SV-A Series can detect accurate temperature immediately
because the temperatures of a sample and the detection unit
(sensor plates) with small surface area/thermal capacity canreach the thermal equilibrium in a short time.
The SV-A Series can be connected to a PC. The accessory
software “WinCT-Viscosity” enables you to monitor the progressof changes in viscosity and temperature in real-time during
measurement using graphs and numerical values. Measured
values can be saved in a file (CSV format), and can be converted
into an Excel format to produce graphs to suit your application.

21

Is it possible to measureviscosity at a constanttemperature?

Yes. You can measure viscosity at a given temperature by using
the provided water jacket and a constant heat water tank(commercially available). Therefore, you do not have to worry
about viscosity changes in response to temperature while
controlling the viscosity of a sample.

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 23 -

■Product/ C. Measuring Viscosity

No.

Question

Answer22

How can I measure theviscosity change whilechanging thetemperature of asample?

1. It is possible to measure viscosity while changing temperatureby using the provided water jacket and a constant temperature
controller (commercially available). It is suited for measurement
while adjusting to given temperatures or at a temperature below
room temperature.
2. The easiest way is to measure the cooling process of apreheated sample by leaving it in the sample cup. You can also
use a heater to heat the sample cup, but please make sure thatthe temperature of the heater’s surface does not exceed 120°C.
We recommend using a beaker when it exceeds 100°C.
3. The viscosity/temperature data can be transmitted during
measurement to a PC using the standard accessory software“WinCT-Viscosity”. As a result, obtaining viscosity/temperature
data in numerical values is possible while simultaneously
displaying a graph in real time. “WinCT-Viscosity” has a function
to create a graph with the temperature reading indicated along
the x-axis and the viscosity along the y-axis, thus temperature
coefficient of viscosity can be checked visually.

23

What refrigerant should
be used for the Water
JacketThe basic refrigerant is water. However, at around 0℃ or 100℃,
water is not sufficient by itself as a refrigerant. Isopropyl alcoholshould be used at around 0℃ and silicon oil at around 100℃.
Please note that some refrigerants may corrode thepolycarbonate Water Jacket. (We strongly advise against using
ethanol and methanol.)24

If a solvent sample ismeasured, will theaccessory Sample Cupmelt?

The Sample Cup is made of polycarbonate, so it may become
disfigured or melt if a solvent is used. To avoid this, please use
the provided glass sample cup instead or a glass beaker, etc.
(commercially available). A 100 ml or larger beaker can be used.
However, the sensor unit protector should be removed before
measurement when a 100 ml beaker is used.

25

Can I use a different
container to theaccessory Sample Cups
provided?

The SV-A Series has been calibrated for viscosity with the
Sample Cups (polycarbonate, volume 2 ml for the SV-1A, 35 ml
for the SV-10A/100A). If measuring absolute value of highviscosity over 1000mPa ·s, you are strongly recommended tocalibrate with the container provided.

26

What materials are thesensor plates and thetemperature sensors,which come in contact
with a sample, madeof?

They are made of titanium (JIS 2) for the SV-1A/10A/100A.
They will not be corroded with a normal organic solvent, and are
not easily corroded with an acid or basic (alkaline) solution
sample. However, they may be corroded if the acid or basic(alkaline) solution is highly concentrated.

27

Is it possible to measure
the viscosity of a
non-Newtonian fluid?

Yes. Since the thin sensor plates of the detection unit scarcely
deform the structure of a sample, it is possible to make a stablemeasurement of a non-Newtonian fluid with high repeatability
quickly responding to the change in viscosity of the sample.

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 24 -

■Product/ C. Measuring Viscosity

No.

Question

Answer28

Can I obtain accurate
results even from asample of low viscosity?

1. Yes. The SV-1A/10A offers you stable measurement resultsfrom a sample of low viscosity.
You can measure viscosity as low as 0.3 mPa･s and above withno need for exchanging sensors or installing a special
adapter/accessories for low viscosity measurement. Accurate
evaluation of the correlation between temperature and viscosity
is also made possible by immediately measuring the temperatureof a sample. Applying this feature, the SV-1A/10A offers, forexample, an objective evaluation method for evaluating“smoothness and pleasantness to throat” of low viscosity liquidsuch as soft drinks, wines, sakes, beers, or sparkling liquor byrepresenting it in numerical values that were previously difficult toachieve.
2. In other methods, measuring viscosity in the range of 50 mPa･s or lower has caused many difficulties due to the interferences
caused by energy in the measurement systems, the sensitivities,
or measurement principles. On the other hand, the SV-1A/10A
can easily measure a sample of low viscosity while tracking thetemperature of the sample.

29

Is it possible to measure
the viscosity of asample in a flow state?

Yes. A unique feature of the Sine-wave Vibro Viscometer SV-A
Series is its ability to continuously measure the viscosity of aflowing sample.
It is possible to measure the viscosity of a flowing sample in therange of 300 mPa･s or lower if it can be stirred with a stirrer.
However, please note that if the surface of a sample fluid isflowing and unstable, the surface level will vary and a stablemeasurement will not be possible. In the case of a
non-Newtonian fluid, its viscosity changes as its flow statechanges, so please make sure to measure at a constant flowing
rate.
A flowing sample in a production line can be continuously
measured by installing a bypass overflow tank in order to keep
the surface of the fluid level.

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 25 -

■Product/ C.Measuring Viscosity

No.

Question

Answer30

How can I obtainrigorous absolute valuesof viscosity?

The viscosity coefficient on the SV-A Series’ display represents
the product of viscosity and density based on measurement
principles.
In order to obtain the absolute value of viscosity, please divide
the measured viscosity value of a sample by its density at thattime.
Example: where a sample was measured at temperature T, theabsolute value will be obtained as follows;1) Viscosity is displayed as 73.6 (mPa･s).
2) Density of the sample at temperature T is 0.856.
3) The absolute value of viscosity ηM is 73.6/0.856=85.98(mPa•s).
If the density of a sample is uncertain, please measure thedensity (specific gravity) of the sample beforehand with anelectronic balance and density measuring kit (AD-1653). It can beeasily obtained with A&D’s analytical electric balance GH/GR
Series or precision electronic balance GX/GF Series and Density
Determination Kit.
*In this case, measure the viscosity under the same temperature
condition as the density (specific gravity) was measured.

31

Is it possible to measurekinetic viscosity?

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E

No. The Vibro Viscometer cannot directly measure it.
You can calculate it by obtaining the absolute value ηM as in
Q&A28 and dividing it once again by the density of a sample.

- 26 -

■Product/ C. Measuring Viscosity

No.

Question

Answer32

To what level should thesurface of a sample fluid
reach?

1. There is a narrow area
just above the round-shapedpart of the sensor plate. Adjust
to level these narrow areas ofthe sensor plates with thesurface of the sample fluid
as you can see in the figure on
the right. If either of the rightor left sensor plates cannot beleveled with the surface of the fluid, please adjust the two levelingfeet at the rear of the main body in order to eliminate body tilt. If
your product is equipped with a surface indicator plate, the tip of
the surface indicator plate points to the center of the narrow areaof the sensor plate. Raise the level of the fluid surface until the tipof the fluid level adjustment panel is in contact with the fluid.
2. For the SV-1A, adjust the sample surface between the upperand lower triangular marks at the center of the narrow part of thesensor plates.
3. If the surface of the fluid changes by 1 mm, the SV-1A and the
SV-10A will measure a viscosity change of about 10% and 5%,
respectively. However, experience indicates that after performing
several measurements, you will become able to adjust the
sample surface consistently at almost the same level. In due
course, error occurrence in the leveling of a sample’s surface will
fall below ±1%, when repeating measurements of the same
sample under the same conditions. With the SV-100A, if thesurface of the fluid changes by 1 mm, the viscosity will change by
about 15%. However, error in leveling of the surface will fall
below ±1% using the surface indicator plate.
4. With samples of high viscosity, if the sample surface is uneven
the viscosity measurement value may be affected. Be sure toeven out the surface with a spatula, etc.
5. During a viscosity measurement over a long period the surface
level of a sample fluid may lower due to evaporation. Be sure toadjust the level regularly.

What is the affect on themeasuring value if thesurface level varies?

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 27 -

■Product/ C. Measuring Viscosity

No.

Question

Answer33

Is there anything I
should pay attention toregarding measurementof sample changes overa long period of time?

1. Lowering of Liquid Surface Level Due to Evaporation
In viscosity measurement over a long period, the liquid surface
level of some samples may lower because of evaporation. In thiscase adjust the surface level regularly during measurement. If thesample surface level has lowered but is still above the roundparts of the sensor plates, since a drop in viscosity value alongwith change of the surface level appears almost linearly, loweringof surface level can be corrected.
2. Change of Sample Over TimeFor example, in continuous measurement of tap water, bubbles
appear on the surfaces of the sensor plates and container. This
happens because air is formed in tap water under waterpressure. Since the SV-A Series viscometer detects torqueproduced between a sample fluid and the sensor plates, bubbles
or solids acquired on the surfaces during measurement will bemeasured as a change in viscosity. As a result, a gradual rise inviscosity will be observed. It is possible to minimize bubbles
generated by using pure water or purified water.
If measurement of pure water, purified water, etc. is continued forabout a week, bacterial thread or algae contained in the air will
multiply in the water and such conditions will allow algae to growon the sensor plates. A rise in water temperature will bemeasured in this case. In measurement over a long period such
unexpected sample changes could be recorded.
3. Separation in a Sample
In measurement of mixed fluids such as sol or gel, liquid andsolid will separate over time. In such cases, it will be observedthat the liquid component gathers around the sensor plates andthus viscosity lowers. Be sure to use a stirrer to agitate the fluid
to make it uniform, except in cases of sedimentation
measurement of solid component in fluid. (The provided water
jacket can be attached with the stirrer.)
In measurement of heating and cooling, a sample fluid may beseparated during heating and then the supernatant portion may
be coagulate like jelly after cooling. In cases like this, it ispossible to maintain uniformity of the fluid to some extent by
agitating with a stirrer.
4. Fixed Contamination on the Sensor Plates
Please note that any fluid or hardened residues contaminating
the sensor plates above the surface level of sample fluid will haveadverse impacts on the sensor plates and interfere with accurate
viscosity measurement. Regular maintenance is necessary,
especially in the case of continuous use.

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 28 -

■Product/ D. Collection and Output of Data

D. Collection and Output of Data
No.

Question

Answer34

Is it possible to print out
measured results?

Yes. Output printing and data collection are possible.
1. By connecting the RS-232C equipped as standard to thecompact printer AD-8121B (optional), results can be printed. With
the AD-8121B, statistical calculation of the viscosity
measurement results or change in viscosity (numerical values)
per length of time can be printed.
Please use the AD-8121B accessory cable for connection.
2. Connecting to a PC, the standard accessory software
Windows Communication Tools “WinCT-Viscosity” enables themonitoring of the progress of changes in viscosity andtemperature in real time during measurement with graphs andnumerical values. The measured data can be saved in a file
(CSV format) and converted into an Excel file in order to use
graphing functions to obtain data and graphs suited yourpurpose/application.
* Please see “Application A. Data Analysis” for the details on thefeatures of the software and examples of display of“WinCT-Viscosity”.

Is it possible to collectand save measured
data?

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 29 -

■Application
A. Data Analysis
1. Windows Communication Tools “WinCT-Viscosity”

1. Windows Communication Tools “WinCT-Viscosity”
Via RS-232C, this software enables A&D’s Sine-wave Vibro Viscometer SV-A Series to display the
progress of measurement in real time on a PC or easily transmit the measured results (data) to save or
analyze. The CD-ROM of WinCT-Viscometer is equipped as a standard accessory of the Viscometer
SV-A Series.
Windows Communication Tools WinCT-Viscosity includes three software functions as follows;- RsVisco: Graphing software to create graphs of the measured results and the progress of viscosity
measurement.
- RsCom: Data transmission/reception software- ReKey: Data transfer software

SoftwareContent●RsVisco

1. Creates real-time graphs of data received from A&D’s Sine-wave Vibro
Viscometer SV-A Series via the RS-232C. Progress of change in viscosity during
measurement can be monitored on a graph. Temperature data can also be
simultaneously displayed, and a graph displaying temperature and viscosity canbe monitored in real time.
2. The following three types of graphs are provided to choose from;①Viscosity (Y axis) – Time (X axis)②Viscosity/Temperature (Y axis) – Time (X axis)③Viscosity (Y axis) – Temperature (X axis)
3. Graphs can be overlaid with different measurements (in 10 colors).
4. Measured data can be saved in a CSV format file.
5. Displayed graph can be printed via a PC.

●RsComSend and receive data with a PC via RS-232C. This software is capable ofcontrolling the Viscometer SV-A Series.
1) Recorded data can be saved in a text file.
2) Received data can be printed with a printer via a PC.
3) Simultaneous communication with multiple viscometers connected to ports of a
PC is possible. (Multiprocessing)●RsKey1. Data output from the SV-A Series can be imported to general application
software (Microsoft Excel, etc.) via the RS-232C.
It is useful to process data using other application software.
2. Data output from the SV-A Series can be automatically input to application
software as if it were input with a keyboard.
Transmits to spreadsheet software (Excel), word processing software (Word,
memo pad), or other various kinds of application software.

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 30 -

2. Example of Measurement Display Using RsVisco■Application/ A.Data Analysis/ 2.RsVisco(1) Example of RsVisco Display
RsVisco is software, which makes it possible to read the measured data (CSV file) and create agraph representing the viscosity measurement in real-time as shown in the figures below. Figures 15
and 16 show the graphs representing viscosity changes of silicon oil (Newtonian fluid) measured atroom temperature while leaving it cooling down from about 45°C to 25°C. In Figure 15, the graphshows the elapsed time plotted along the x-axis and the viscosity (left) and the temperature (right)
plotted along the y-axis. In Figure 16, the same data is represented by plotting the temperature along
the x-axis and the viscosity along the y-axis. The linearity of the correlation between the changes inviscosity in response to the changes in temperature is clearly represented.

Title can be
freely input
Progress of viscosity changeor edited on
the display.

A graphRemarks cancan bebe freely

selected

input orfrom theedited on the
Progress of temperature change

three.

display.
Maximum/
minimum values
on the x/y-axis canbe freely input orchanged on thedisplay.

Figure 15 Example of Measurement Display of Silicon Oil (SV-10A)

Figure 16 Correlation between Viscosity Change in Response to Temperature Change of Silicon Oil

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 31 -

■Application /A. Data Analysis/2.RsVisco
Example of Viscosity Measurement of Purified Water
Figure 17 shows the result of SV-10A measurement of purified water while cooling naturally after
heating to approx. 40℃. Figure 18 is a graph plotting temperature along the horizontal axis andviscosity along the vertical axis. In Figure 18, measurement values are indicated in red and theoreticalvalues in green. The graph indicates that the viscosity of purified water is accurately measured. The
SV-10A enables correct viscosity measurement of samples of low viscosity.

Figure 17 Example of Viscosity Measurement of purified water (SV-10A)

Measurement
values
TheoreticalvaluesFigure 18 Example of Viscosity Measurement of purified water (SV-10A)

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 32 -

■Application/ A.Data Analysis/ 2.RsVisco(2) Viscosity Measurement Examples of Industrial Products
Figure 19 shows the cure processes of four kinds of commercially-available, ready-mixed mortars atroom temperature. Mortars are compound materials in which cements are mixed with sand, resinous
bonding materials, etc. The cure process of each mortar material was observed by measuring theviscosity change immediately after the mortar material was mixed with its recommended amount ofwater. The results showed differences in cure process between the different mortar materials. In
particular, a very fast curing was observed for Mortar 1, which was labeled “flash set.”

Figure 19 Viscosity Changes of Mixed and Kneaded Mortars (SV-10A)

Figure 20 shows the results of viscosity measurement at room temperature for raw cements mixed
with water (cement pastes). Three cement pastes of different water-cement ratios were used. As
shown in the graph, each cement paste has a different initial viscosity and fluidity depending on its
water-cement ratio.

Figure 20 Viscosity Changes of Cement Pastes (SV-10A)

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 33 -

■Application/ A.Data Analysis/ 2.RsVisco

Using Mortar 1 (flash set), the influence of differences in water-cement ratio on the cure process wasmeasured. As shown in Figure 21, the larger the water content, the longer it took the mortar material
to cure. In particular, when the water content was 26% or below, the mortar increased its solidness
rapidly, resulting in poor fluidity. In the 20% results, several small viscosity peaks were observed
during the same cure process. These sudden viscosity changes were apparently caused by slipping
between the mortar material and the sensor plates that were in direct contact with the sample.

Figure 21 Differences in the Cure Process due to Different Mixing Ratios with Water (SV-10A)

Furthermore, Figure 22 shows the influence of ambient temperature on the cure process of Mortar 1(flash set). The viscometer and the sample were placed inside a temperature-controlled room, wherewater and the mortar were mixed under different temperatures in order to measure the influence ofdifferences in ambient temperature on curing. The graph indicates that curing was slow at a lowtemperature (10˚C) and fast at a high temperature (40˚C), and that changes in the curing speed ofareas that change in temperature were determined to have a low progressivity. In addition, when thecure process is under a temperature of 40˚C, there was a viscosity variation at around 8,000 mPa･s,
supposedly due to slipping between the sample and the sensor plates.

Figure 22 Cure Process of Mortar under Different Ambient Temperatures (SV-10A)
SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 34 -

■Application/ A.Data Analysis/ 2.RsVisco

Figures 23 and 24 show the results of SV-10A measurement in the natural cooling process of 100cc
gasoline engine oil after heating to about 110℃. Engine oil is generally evaluated with viscosities at
40℃ and 100℃. In the measurements, the viscosities were 7.64mPa•s at 100℃ and 45.4mPa•s at
40℃. The SV-A Series can measure the process of temperature change, so you can easily find out theviscosity at a specific temperature.

Figure 23 Viscosity Measurement Example of Gasoline Engine Oil (SV-10A)

Figure 24 Correlation between Viscosity Change and Temperature Change of Gasoline Engine Oil (SV-10A)

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 35 -

■Application/ A.Data Analysis/ 2.RsVisco

Figure 25 shows the SV-10A measurement results of 3 types of semiconductor abrasive. The SV-10A
can measure even a fluid of low viscosity and determine the original viscosity and degradation ofabrasive.
Figure 26 shows the results of SV-10A measurement of plaster in the curing process.
Mixture ratios of 67%, 60%, and 50% of plaster with water (weight ratio), were measured. It shows thatthe curing time differs according to the mixture ratio.

Figure 25 Measurement Example of Semiconductor Abrasive (SV-10A)

Figure 26 Measurement Example of Curing Process of Plaster (SV-10A)

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 36 -

■Application/ A.Data Analysis/ 2.RsVisco

Figure 27 shows the results of SV-10A measurement in the natural cooling process of solder flux inpaste form after heating to melt. The temperature – viscosity graph shows that the gelation point isapprox. 68℃.
Figure 28 shows the result of SV-100A measurement of silicon adhesive in the curing process.
Although it took about one day to cure, we can observe the curing process of the adhesive because
the SV-A Series can continuously measure over a long period of time.

Figure 27 Measurement Example of Gelation Point of Solder Flux (SV-10A)

Figure 28 Measurement Example of Curing Process of Silicone Adhesive (SV-100A)
SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 37 -

■Application/ A.Data Analysis/ 2.RsVisco

A nonionic surface-active agent, when its temperature is raised, becomes cloudy at a certain temperature.
This temperature is called the cloud point and has conventionally been measured optically. Using the
SV-10A, the cloud point can be obtained by measuring changes in the viscosity, because an abrupt change
in viscosity occurs at the cloud point, due to changes in physical properties.
Figure 29 shows the results of SV-10A measurement of a nonionic surface-active agent (1%concentration) while it was heated. The graph indicates an abrupt change in viscosity at 35.4°C, which
is detected as the cloud point. The cloud point of a nonionic surface-active agent, based on the JIS
regulations, is 35.9°C. This indicates that the SV-10A can successfully measure the cloud point.

Figure 29 Measurement Example of Nonionic Surface-active Agent (SV-10A)

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 38 -

■応用編/
A.データ解析/
2.RsVisco■Application/A. Data
Analysis/2.RsVisco

Figure 30 shows a graph representing the measurement results of a water-based varnish at room
temperature under fixed conditions. This sample shows a stable viscosity despite the elapsed time.
Figure 31 represents the measurement results of a water-based paint (black) at room temperature
under fixed conditions.
After starting the measurement, this sample shows a gradually decreasing tendency (thixotropy). To
evaluate the viscosity of a sample such as this, we find the time when the decreasing tendency
becomes slow experimentally. We can evaluate the viscosity value from the time.

Figure 30 Example of Viscosity Measurement of Water-based Varnish (SV-10A)

Figure 31 Example of Viscosity Measurement of Water-based Paint (SV-10A)
SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 39 -

■Application/ A.Data Analysis/ 2.RsVisco(3) Viscosity Measurement Examples of Fluids of Different Concentrations
Figures 32 and 33 show the SV-10A measurement results of ethanol solutions at different
concentrations while keeping the temperature at 25 ℃ . The viscosities vary in response toconcentration. When ethanol is 100% and 0% (100% water), the viscosities are low. When mixing
them, the viscosity increases.

40%
60%
20%
80%
0%
100%

Figure 32 Measurement Example of Ethanol (SV-10A)

Measurement results of SV-10

Theoretical value
Temperature：25℃

2.5

Viscosity [mPa・s]

2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0

20

40

60

80

100

Concentration [%]"The theoretical value" of viscosity is compensated mathematically with density.

Figure 33 Relation between the Concentration and Viscosity of Ethanol Solution

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 40 -

■Application/ A.Data Analysis/ 2.RsVisco

Figure 34 shows the result of SV-10A measurement of die-cast mold release agent at eachconcentration diluted with water. It shows that the viscosity varies in response to concentration.
Figure 35 shows the result of SV-10A measurement of insulation coating agent (polyvinyl resin) at
each concentration diluted with a fluid. In the high concentration side, the viscosity increases withtime. This can be regarded as a status change of sample caused by vaporization. In this way,concentration difference can be also detected by measuring viscosity.

100%

0%

50%
20%
10%
5%

Figure 34 Measurement Example of Die-cast Mold Release Agent (SV-10A)

100%

85%

50%

0%(Diluting solution)

Figure 35 Measurement Example of Insulation Coating Agent (SV-10A)
SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 41 -

■Application/ A. Data Analysis/ 2.RsVisco(4) Viscosity Measurement of Food
Figures 36 and 37 show graphs representing the measurement results of the viscosity of egg white
while heating it from room temperature to about 80°C. The behavior of egg white rapidly coagulatingover 60°C is clearly illustrated. The graphs precisely show the properties of protein (albumin), which is
the main component (composition) of egg white.

Figure 36 Example of Viscosity Measurement of Egg White (SV-10A)

Figure 37 Increasing Process of Viscosity of Egg White with Temperature Increase (SV-10A)

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 42 -

■Application/ A. Data Analysis/ 2.RsVisco

Figures 38 and 39 show graphs representing the measurement results of the viscosity of egg white,
shown in Figures 36 and 37, by indicating with logarithmic scale on the y-axes (viscosity). We canobserve, especially in Figure 37, that when the temperature was 60°C or lower, the viscosity of egg
white decreased as the temperature increased, like a common liquid does, but once it surpassed
60°C, the viscosity increased rapidly as its protein coagulated. The SV-A Series Vibro Viscometer cancapture precise dynamic changes in viscosity as well as small changes peculiar to a sample (matter).
As you can see below, WinCT-Viscosity (RsVisco) can indicate a logarithmic axis on the viscosity
axis so as to clearly present the changes in viscosity of a wide range or of non-linearity.

Indicates alogarithmic axis as
viscosity axis.

Figure 38 Example of Viscosity Measurement of Egg White (Log scale on the viscosity axis)

Figure 39 Progress of Viscosity Increase in Response to Temperature Increase of Egg
White (Log scale on the viscosity axis)
SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 43 -

■Application/ A.Data Analysis/ 2.RsVisco

Figure 40 shows an example of viscosity measurement of 2.5% and 5% gelatin solutions whilevarying the temperatures. The temperature is plotted along the x-axis and the viscosity along y-axis(log). We can observe that the coagulation point depends on the concentration of the solution.

Multiplemeasurements
can be overlaid on
a graph. (10 colors
available)

5% solution

2.5% solution

Figure 40 Example of Viscosity Measurement of Gelatin of Different Concentration (Viscosity
Axis Log Scale)Figure 41 is a graph representing the measured result of custard pudding at approx. 20°C. Four
samples (3 good samples and 1 failure sample) were measured. The upper three lines (red, light
blue and light green) are of good samples and the lower line (purple) is of the sample, which wasevaluated as a failure. As we can see, the evaluation made based on one’s own experience is now
possible to present with values by measuring viscosity with the SV-10A.

Group of Good Sample

A Failure Sample

Figure 41 Example of Viscosity Measurement of Custard Pudding
SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 44 -

■Application/ A.Data Analysis/ 2.RsVisco

Figure 42 shows a graph representing the measured result of Worcester sauce under fixed
conditions (room temperature).
We can see from the SV-10A measurement that Worcester sauce shows a stable viscosity inresponse to the elapsed time.

Figure 42 Example of Viscosity Measurement of Worcester Sauce (SV-10A)

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 45 -

■Application/ A.Data Analysis/ 3. Results

3. List of Measurement Results(1) Measuring A Sample at A Constant Temperature
Viscosity: The numerical values on the table are:
(Measured value)"Viscosity when the measurement starts to Viscosity when the measurement ends"
The unit of viscosity: mPa⋅s (Millipascal second)
1 mPa⋅s = 1 cP (Centipoise),

1 Pa⋅s (Pascal second) = 10 P (Poise)

Temperature of the sample : Averaged sample temperature during measurement(Sample temp.)
Using the SV-10A:
No.

Class

Sample Name

Viscosity(Measuredvalue)[mPa⋅s]1

Chemicalproduct

Water (Purified water)

0.92

23.6

No significant change over time.

2

Chemicalproduct

Methyl alcohol

0.42

24.5

No significant change over time.

3

Chemicalproduct

Ethyl alcohol

0.91

24.5

No significant change over time.

4

Householdproduct

Starch glue

6320

25.2

No significant change over time.

5

Householdproduct

Laundry starch

370 to 346

23.3

Decreases with time and thenstabilizes.
Time to stabilization: 30 minutes

6

Householdproduct

Kitchen detergent

164

23.7

No significant change over time.

7

Householdproduct

Contact lenscleaning solution

5.57

23.3

No significant change over time.

8

Householdproduct

Shampoo withconditioner

705 to 677

25.1

Decreases with time and thenstabilizes.
Time to stabilization: 6 minutes

9Householdproduct

Floor wax

4.91

23.6

No significant change over time.

10

Cosmetics
product

Skin lotion

1.18

23.6

No significant change over time.

11

Cosmetics
product

Skin milk

43.6

23.4

No significant change over time.

12

Cosmetics
product

Skin-care cream

1410

24.2

No significant change over time.

13

Cosmetics
product

Nail polish

437 to 448

21.6

Increases with time and thenstabilizes.
Time to stabilization: 1 minute

14

Food
product

106 to 116

23.0

Increases with time and thenstabilizes.
Time to stabilization: 12 minutes

Cold beverage(Jellylike)

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 46 -

SampleTemp.
[°C]Comments

■Application/ A.Data Analysis/ 3. Results

No.

Class

Sample Name

Viscosity(Measuredvalue)[mPa⋅s]15

Food
product

Tomato juice

18.7 to 21.0

22.7

Increases with time.

16

Food
product

Chocolate syrup

987 to 1150

23.7

Increases with time.

17

Food
product

Milk

2.27

20.7

No significant change over time.

18

Food
product

Milk substitute85.0 to 83.7

23.0

Decreases with time and thenstabilizes.
Time to stabilization: 6 minutes

19

Food
product

Condensed milk

1540 to 1470

23.3

Decreases with time and thenstabilizes.
Time to stabilization: 9 minutes

20

Food
product

Mustard428 to 679

23.3

Increases with time.

21

Food
product

Ketchup1660 to 2030

23.3

Increases with time.

22

Food
product

Mayonnaise

2570 to 3030

23.7

Increases with time.

23

Food
product

Soy sauce

4.76

23.5

No significant change over time.

24

Food
product

Worcester sauce

167

23.2

No significant change over time.

25

Food
product

Salad oil

54.5

24.2

No significant change over time.

26

Coating
material

Synthetic-resin coating

188

22.7

No significant change over time.

27

Coating
material

Synthetic-resin coating

1300 to 1090

23.3

Decreases with time and thenstabilizes.
Time to stabilization: 30 minutes

28

Coating Synthetic-resin coating
material (Water-based, transparent)

70.1 to 59.1

23.2

Decreases with time.

29

Coating
material

16.6 to 15.8

23.3

Decreases with time and thenstabilizes.
Time to stabilization: 5 minutes

30

Coating
material(Water dilution
at 10% concentration)

1.14

23.2

No significant change over time.

31

Coating
material

Red ink

184 to 161

23.2

Decreases with time and thenstabilizes.
Time to stabilization: 20 minutes

32

Coating
material

1.12

22.8

No significant change over time.

(Water-based varnish)(Water-based, black)

Black ink

SampleTemp.
[°C]Comments

Black ink

Red ink(Water dilution
at 10% concentration)

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 47 -

■Application/ A.Data Analysis/ 3. Results

No.

Class

Sample Name

Viscosity(Measuredvalue)[mPa⋅s]33

Other

Alginate
impression material

899 to 12000

21.2

Gelates in about 5 minutes after
mixed with water.

34

Other

Plaster

11.6 to 12000

24.0

The curing time depends on the
mixture ratio with water.
(Firure 26)

35

Other

Semiconductor
polishing solution A

3.57

24.0

No significant change over time.

36

Other

Semiconductor
polishing solution B

1.69

24.0

No significant change over time.

37

Other

Semiconductor
polishing solution C

1.06

24.0

No significant change over time.

SampleTemp.
[°C]Comments

SampleTemp.
[°C]Comments

Using the SV-100A:
No.

Class

Sample Name

Viscosity(Measuredvalue)[Pa⋅s]

38

Coating
material

Oil-based ink

17.6 to 17.4

20.1

No significant change over time.

39

Industrial
product

Silicone adhesive A(Mixed with B for use)

4.33 to 6.65

24.2

Increases with time and thenstabilizes.
Time to stabilization: 15 minutes

40

Industrial
product

Silicone adhesive B(Mixed with A for use)

2.1

23.6

No significant change over time.

20.3

Measured while keeping
temperature at 20°C.
Cures in about a day.

Industrial
41
product

Silicone adhesive(Mixed A with B)

3.31 to 120(Firure 28)

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 48 -

the■Application/ A.Data Analysis/ 3. Results(2) Measuring The Temperature Coefficient
Measurement method : Viscosity was measured when the sample was heated to about 50°C, andthen left to cool.
Viscosity(Measured value): The numerical values on the table are:
"Viscosity when the measurement starts to Viscosity when the measurement ends"

Temperature of the sample : The numerical values on the table are:"Temperature when the measurement starts to Temperature when the measurement ends"
Temperature coefficient: Temperature coefficient is calculated by the equation below:
Temperature coefficient
Viscosity at end - Viscosity at start
1=xx100 (%/°C)
iiTemperature at end - Temperature at start Averaged viscosity
Using the SV-10A:
No.

Class

Sample Name

Viscosity(Measured value)[mPa⋅s]SampleTemperature[°C]

Temperature
Coefficient [%/°C]

42Chemicalproduct

Water (Purified water)

0.64 to 0.90

40.9 to 24.2

-2.0

43

Householdproduct

Laundry starch

157 to 324

47.3 to 23.3

-2.9

44

Cosmetics
product

Foundation

61.2 to 189

48.3 to 26.1

-4.6

45

Food
product

Chocolate syrup

660 to 2200

49.4 to 24.5

-4.3

46

Food
product

Syrup

50.9 to 205

45.1 to 24.5

-5.8

47

Food
product

Mustard631 to 2100

46.7 to 23.3

-4.6

48

Food
product

Worcester sauce

107 to 159

46.9 to 27.0

-2.0

49

Food
product

Salad oil20.5 to 50.8

48.8 to 24.3

-3.5

50

Food
product

Honey

508 to 3750

48.0 to 26.4

-7.0

51

Food
product

Tea0.47 to 0.72

56.2 to 38.0

-2.3

52

Food
product

Agar

2570 to 12000

72.9 to 48.6

-5.3

53

Industrial
product

Silicone oil

643 to 919

45.6 to 26.4

-1.8

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 49 -

■Application/ A.Data Analysis/ 3. Results

Using the SV-100A:
No.

Class

Sample Name

Viscosity(Measured value)[Pa⋅s]

SampleTemperature[°C]

Temperature
Coefficient [%/°C]

54Householdproduct

Tooth paste

5.15 to 9.14

63.9 to 24.9

-1.4

55

Householdproduct

Hand cream

2.55 to 28.5

46.0 to 22.9

-14.5

56

Food
product

Honey

6.85 to 59.8

21.7 to 7.1

-10.9

57

Food
product

Bean jam

22.5 to 48.9

50.0 to 22.2

-3.2

58

Food
product

Laver boiled down
in soy sauce

27.2 to 31.8

50.5 to 24.2

-0.6

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 50 -

■Application/ A.Data Analysis/ 3. Results(3) Measuring The Coagulation Point and Cloud Point
Using the SV-10A:
No.

Sample Name

59

Egg white

60

Measurement method

Comments

Heated with a heater.

Sets at about 60°C. (Figure 43)

Lard

Heated to about 70°C, then left
to cool.

Sets at about 26°C. (Figure 44)

61

Dark chocolate

Heated to about 50°C, then left
to cool.

Sets at about 25°C. (Figure 45)

62

Milk chocolate

Heated to about 50°C, then left
to cool.

Sets at about 25°C. (Figure 45)

63

Gelatin(5% concentration)

Cooled with a temperature
controller.

Gelates at about 20°C. (Figure 46)

64

Gelatin(2.5% concentration)

Cooled with a temperature
controller.

Gelates at about 12°C. (Figure 46)

65

Lipstick

Heated to about 80°C, then left
to cool.

Sets at about 65°C. (Figure 47)

66

CandleHeated to about 110°C, thenleft to cool.

Sets at about 60°C. (Figure 48)

67

Solder flux

Heated to about 130°C, thenleft to cool.

Sets at about 70°C. (Figure 49)

68

Grease A

Heated to about 150°C, thenleft to cool.

Sets at about 100°C. (Figure 50)

69

Grease B

Heated to about 150°C, thenleft to cool.

Sets at about 90°C. (Figure 50)

70

Gasoline engine oil

Heated to about 110°C, thenleft to cool.

Viscosity at 40°C: 7.64 mPa⋅s
Viscosity at 100°C: 45.4 mPa⋅s(Figure 51)

71

Diesel engine oil

Heated to about 110°C, thenleft to cool.

Viscosity at 40°C: 9.01 mPa⋅s
Viscosity at 100°C: 77.1 mPa⋅s(Figure 52)

72

Nonionic
surface-active agent(1% concentration)

Heated with a temperature
controller.

* JIS = Japanese Industrial Standards

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 51 -

Cloud point based on the JIS*
regulations: 35.9°C.
Measurement result with the SV-10: 35.4°C.
(Figure 53)

■Application/ A.Data Analysis/ 3. Results

Figure 43 Egg white

Figure 44 Lard

Dark chocolate

5% Solution

Milk chocolate
2.5% Solution

Figure 45 Chocolate

Figure 46 Gelatin

Figure 47 Lipstick

Figure 48 Candle

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 52 -

■Application/ A.Data Analysis/ 3. Results

Grease A

Figure 49 Solder flux

Figure 50 Grease

Figure 51 Gasoline engine oil

Figure 52 Diesel engine oil

Figure 53 Nonionic surface-active agent
SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E

Grease B- 53 -

■Application/ A.Data Analysis/ 3. Results(4). Measuring A Sample While Changing Its Concentration(a) Ethanol solution
Measurement method : The viscosity of an ethanol solution, which was diluted with purified water,
was measured with regard to each concentration (weight ratio).

Temperature of the sample : 25.0°C
Using the SV-10A: (Figure 32,33)
No.
Sample Name
73
Ethanol solution (100% concentration)

Viscosity (Measured value) [mPa⋅s]
0.89

74

Ethanol solution (80% concentration)

1.49

75

Ethanol solution (60% concentration)

1.98

76

Ethanol solution (40% concentration)

2.17

77

Ethanol solution (20concentration)

1.70

78

Purified water (0% concentration)

0.90(b) Die-cast mold release agent
Measurement method : The viscosity of a die-cast mold release agent, which was diluted withpurified water, was measured with regard to each concentration (weightratio).
Temperature of the sample : 23.5°C
Using the SV-10A: (Figure 34)
No.
Sample Name
Die-cast mold release agent
79(Undiluted)

Viscosity (Measured value) [mPa⋅s]
2.66

80

Die-cast mold release agent(Water dilution at 50% concentration)

1.50

81

Die-cast mold release agent(Water dilution at 20% concentration)

1.23

82

Die-cast mold release agent(Water dilution at 10% concentration)

1.02

83

Die-cast mold release agent(Water dilution at 5% concentration)

0.97

84

Purified water

0.93(c) Insulation coating agent
Measurement method : The viscosity of an insulation coating agent, which was diluted with diluting
solution, was measured with regard to each concentration (weight ratio).
Temperature of the sample : 22.5°C
Using the SV-10A: (Figure 35)
No.
Sample Name
85
Insulation coating agent (100% concentration)

Viscosity (Measured value) [mPa⋅s]
14.7

86

Insulation coating agent (85% concentration)

10.0

87

Insulation coating agent (50% concentration)

3.49

88

Diluting solution

0.75

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 54 -

■MaintenanceA. Sensor Plate

QuestionNo.
35

Can a user exchange
the sensor plates?

Answer
If one of the sensor plates is damaged or you cannot get rid ofsome residue from a congealed sample, please send us themeasurement unit together with the display unit for exchanging
and adjustment.

B. Cleaning
No.

Question36

How should I clean themeasurement unit?

AnswerAfter measurement, please clean
the sensor plates, temperature
sensor, and protector with acleaning agent or solvent toremove sample residue. Clean it
as soon as possible after themeasurement, especially if it is acuring sample.
Clean the sample cup as well. If
the cleaning agent is not volatile,
wipe it off with purified water, so
as not to affect the next sample
measurement.

Sensor plate

Temperature
sensor

How to clean: As shown in the
figures on the right, hold theSensor plate
sensor plate or temperature
Temperature
sensor lightly with a tissue
sensorbetween your fingers and wipe off
any sample residue with thetissue by sliding it from top tobottom. Please note that if you slide it from the bottom to the top
the sensor plate may become buckled and/or damaged. After
that, soak a tissue with a cleaning agent or solvent and thenclean in the same way using this tissue. Clean with purified water
if necessary.
Normally, the sensor plates, temperature sensor, or protector will
not be damaged if pressed lightly between your fingers. However,
we strongly advise that you do not apply any unnatural or
unnecessary force or pressure to them.
If the sample residue is difficult to wipe off, use acommercially-available ultrasonic cleaner.

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 55 -

C. TroubleshootingNo.
37

Question
When measurement
values are not stable.

AnswerIs the ambient environment free from vibration and/or drafts?
●Use the anti-vibration table, AD-1685 (optional).
●Avoid direct drafts in the vicinity of the viscometer.
●Reconsider the setting of "Condition" of the function setting.
Is there a strong electrical or magnetic noise source such as a
motor near the viscometer?
Is the protector or sensor protective cover in contact with thesensor plates or the temperature sensor?
●Attach the protector and the sensor protective cover properly
so that they do not touch the sensor plates or temperature
sensor.
●Remove the protector or the sensor protective cover whennecessary.
With SV-1A, if the sensor plate touches the inner wall of the 2 mLcup, the displayed value will not stabilize. Adjust the spacing
between the sensor plate and the inner wall of the 2 mL cup.
When tap water is poured into the sample cup directly and ismeasured, bubbles are generated on the sensor plates due to thedifference in pressure and temperature and the viscosity may
increase gradually. Pressurized tap water generates bubbles
easily. Therefore, use distilled or purified water that is notpressurized. Furthermore, leave the sensor plates and sample inthe same environment to acclimatize before measuring todecrease temperature fluctuations.

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 56 -

No.

Question

Answer38

When measurement
values are incorrect.

Has the sample surface been adjusted to the center of the narrow
part of the sensor plates?
●Adjust the table height by turning the knob so that the centerof the narrow part of the sensor plates is on the sample.
Are the positions of the left and right sensor plates in the sample
surface level?
●If not the same, level the viscometer using the leveling feetso that the liquid surface is level. The gradients in the front
and back do not have much measuring sensitivity because thesensor plates are only 0.3mm thick.
Are the sensor plates bent?
●If bent, contact your local A&D dealer for repair.
Is the sample generating bubbles because of the differences inthe sample temperature and the ambient temperature and arethese bubbles sticking to the sensor plates?
Has calibration been performed?
●When the absolute viscosity value is important, it isrecommended that periodic calibration be performed using astandard viscosity fluid.

39

When the temperature
values are incorrect.

Is the display unit connected to the main unit properly with theconnection cable?
Since the measurement unit and display unit are adjusted as apair, you should not perform adjustment of units with different
serial numbers.

40

Is only the left sensor
plate vibrating
vigorously?

This sometimes occurs when only the left sensor plate sets in asample during a curing process measurement.
In such a case, agitate the sample well to make the sample state
the same quality on both the right and left side of the sensor
plates.

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 57 -

§ Specifications of the Sine-wave Vibro Viscometer SV-A Series
Measurement Method

Sine-wave Vibro Viscometer using the Tuning-fork Vibration Method
Vibration frequency 30 Hz

Viscosity Measurement Range

SV-1A : 0.3 to 1000mPa•s (cP) / SV-10A : 0.3 to 10000mPa•s (cP) / SV-100A :1 to 100 Pa•s (10 to 1000 P)

Viscosity Measurement Repeatability

1% (Standard deviation)

Minimum Display

Viscosity

SV-1A

SV-10A

SV-100A

Min. Unit

Min. Unit

Min. Unit(mPa･s)(mPa･s)(Pa･s)(mPa･s)(Pa･s)(Pa･s)

0.3-100.01

0.00010.01

0.0001－

10-1000.1

0.00010.1

0.0001－100-1000

1

0.001

1

0.001

－

1000-10000

－

－

10*

0.01

0.01

－

－

－

－

0.1

10000-100000

11* Here, the unit changes to Pa•s.
Units (Viscosity)mPa•s*2, Pa•s, cP*2, P

Operating Temperature

10 to 40°C

*2 Only SV-1A/10A

50 to 104°F
2 ml or more*3, 10 ml or more

Minimum Sample Amount*3 Only SV-1A

Sample Temperature Measurement Unit

0 to 160°C /0.1°C

Temperature Measurement Error Limit±1°C（0 to 20°C）±1.8°F（32 to 68°F）±0.5°C（20 to 30°C）±0.9°F（68 to 86°F）±2°C（30 to 100°C）±3.6°F（86 to 212°F）±4°C（100 to 160°C）±7.2°F（212 to 320°F）

32 to 320°F /0.1°F

Display

Vacuum fluorescent display (VFD)

Connection Cable Length

1.5m (between the main unit and display unit)

Communication

RS-232C standard

Power Supply

AC adapter (Confirm that the adapter type is correct for the local voltage

Power Consumption

Approx. 14VA (Including the AC adapter)and power receptacle type.)
External Dimension/Mass

Sensor unit
Display unit

112 (W) × 132 (D) × 291 (H) mm/Approx. 5.0 kg
238 (W) × 132 (D) × 170 (H) mm/Approx. 1.3 kg

Standard Accessories for all units AC adapter (1 pc.)
Connection cable (1.5m, 1 pc.)
Carrying case

OptionSV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E

AX-SV-31-2.5

Standard viscosity fluid (JS2.5)

AX-SV-31-5

Standard viscosity fluid (JS5)AX-SV-31-10

Standard viscosity fluid (JS10)

AX-SV-31-20

Standard viscosity fluid (JS20)

AX-SV-31-50

Standard viscosity fluid (JS50)

AX-SV-31-100

Standard viscosity fluid (JS100)

AX-SV-31-200

Standard viscosity fluid (JS200)

AX-SV-31-500

Standard viscosity fluid (JS500)

AX-SV-31-1000*4Standard viscosity fluid (JS1000)- 58 -

AX-SV-31-2000*5Standard viscosity fluid (JS2000)

AX-SV-31-14000

Standard viscosity fluid (JS14000)

AX-SV-31-160000*6 Standard viscosity fluid (JS160000)*4For the SV-10A only*5

Temperature should be kept at or below 25˚C when performing calibration
with the SV-100A.

*6

For the SV-100A only

AX-SV-33 Sample Cup, 45 ml, Polycarbonate × 10 pcs
AX-SV-34 Small Sample Cup, 10 ml, with Cover, Polycarbonate × 10 pcs.
AX-SV-35 Sample Cup, 13 ml, Glass × 1 pc
AX-SV-36 Positioning Stopper × 1 pc
AX-SV-37 Water jacket (body:polycarbonate, packing:silicon gum),with 4 sets of a small sample cup and a lid
AX-SV-38 Storage Container, 60 ml, Glass × 10 pcs
AX-SV-39 Storage Container, 120 ml, Plastic × 20 pcs
AX-SV-42 Analogue voltage output (0 - 1V)
AX-SV-43 Extension cable (5m) to connect the sensor unit to the display unit
AX-SV-51 Stand Set with X-Y-Z Stage
AX-SV-52 X-Y-Z Stage × 1 pc
AX-SV-53-EX Software Set(WinCT-Viscosity × 1 pc, 25P-9P RS-232C Cable × 1 pc,
Serial-USB Converter × 1pc)
AX-SV-54 Cup Set for SV-10A/100A
45 ml, Polycarbonate × 5 pcs / 10 ml, with cover, Polycarbonate × 5
pcs / 13 ml, Glass × 2 pcs / Glass sample cup holder, Stainless steel ×
1 pc / Water jacket × 1 pc
AX-SV-55 Cup Set for SV-1A
45 ml, Polycarbonate × 5 pcs / 2 ml, with lid, Polycarbonate × 10 pcs
2 ml, Glass × 10 pcs / 2ml sample cup holder, Polycarbonate × 5 pcs
2ml sample cup stand × 1 pc / Water jacket × 1 pc
AX-SV-56-1 2ml Sample Cup Holder, Polycarbonate, Transparent × 5 pcs*7
AX-SV-56-2 2ml Sample Cup Holder, Polycarbonate, Black × 5 pcs*7
AX-SV-57 2ml Sample Cup Stand × 2 pcs*7
AX-SV-58 Sample Cup, 2ml with Lid, Polycarbonate × 100 pcs*7
AX-SV-59 Sample Cup, 2ml, Glass × 5 pcs, 2ml Sample Cup Stand × 1 pc*7
AD-8121B Compact printerAD-1682

Rechargeable Battery

AD-1685

Anti-Vibration Table*7 for the SV-1A only

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 59 -

§Specifications of The Sine-Wave Vibro Viscometer SV-A Series

Dimensions

SV-A Series Users’ Handbook Ver.1.13E- 60 -

A&D Company, Limited
3-23-14 Higashi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-0013 JAPAN
Telephone:[81](3)5391-6132 Fax:[81](3)5391 6148

http://www.aandd.jp

A&D ENGINEERING, INC.

A&D INSTRUMENTS LTD.
Unit 24/26 Blacklands Way Abington Business Park,
Abington, Oxon OX14 1DY United Kingdom
Telephone:[44](1235)550420 Fax:[44](1235)550485<German Sales Office>1756 Automation Parkway, San Jose, CA 95131 U.S.A.
Telephone:[1](408)263-5333 Fax:[1](408)263-0119

Große Straße 13 b 22926 Ahrensburg Germany
Telephone:[49](0)4102 459230 Fax:[49](0)4102 459231

A&D MERCURY PTY. LTD.

A&D RUS CO., LTD.

32 Dew Street, Thebarton, South Australia 5031 AUSTRALIA
Telephone:[61](8)8301-8100 Fax:[61](8)8352-7409

Vereyskaya str.112 Kuntsevo Block, 121357, Moscow, RUSSIA
Telephone: [7] (495) 937-33-44 Fax: [7] (495) 937-55-66

A&D KOREA Limited

A&D INSTRUMENTS INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED

Manhattan Bldg. 8F, 36-2 Yoido-dong, Youngdeungpo-gu, Seoul, KOREA
Telephone:[82](2)780-4101 Fax:[82](2)782-4280

509 Udyog Vihar Phase V, Gurgaon-122 016, Haryana, INDIA
Telephone: [91](124) 471-5555 Fax: [91](124) 471-5599

SV-A Series-ADCH-01-TP1-09602