ᐔᚑ 21 ᐕᐲ☨࿖ਛዊડᬺ᡽╷ߣਛዊડᬺߩታᘒ
㨪ࠝࡃࡑ᡽ᮭߩขࠅ⚵ߺߣᵴべߔࠆਛዊડᬺ㨪2010 ᐕ 3 ᦬⁛┙ⴕ᡽ᴺੱਛዊડᬺၮ⋚ᢛ஻ᯏ᭴⋡ᰴߪߓ߼ߦ .................................................................................................................................................... 1ࠛࠣ࠯ࠢ࠹ࠖࡉ࡮ࠨࡑ࡝࡯..................................................................................................................... 2ਛዊડᬺߩቯ⟵ ........................................................................................................................................ 3╙1┨ࠝࡃࡑ᡽ᮭߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺ᡽╷ߩᣇะᕈ ......................................................................... 4

1.1

ࠝࡃࡑᄢ⛔㗔ߩਛዊડᬺᡰេߩ⠨߃ᣇ㧔ᄢ⛔㗔ዞછ೨㧕 ................................................. 4

1.1.1.

ᄢ⛔㗔ㆬ᜼ਛߩ౏⚂......................................................................................................... 4

1.1.2.

⼏ຬᤨઍߩᛩ␿ᱧ............................................................................................................. 5

1.2ࠝࡃࡑ᡽ᮭߦ߅޿ߡណ↪ߐࠇߚᣂਛዊડᬺ᡽╷ ............................................................... 11

1.3

੹ᓟߩᣇ㊎............................................................................................................................... 15╙2┨ਛዊડᬺᐡߦ߅ߌࠆᦨㄭߩേะ ........................................................................................... 17

2.1.

ࠝࡃࡑᄢ⛔㗔ߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺᐡੱ੐ ................................................................................... 17

2.1.1.

ᣂ㐳ቭ㧦ࠞ࡟ࡦ࡮ࡒ࡞࠭㧔Karen Mills㧕 .................................................................... 17

2.1.2.

ਛዊડᬺᐡߩᣂᐙㇱੱ੐............................................................................................... 17

2.2.

ਥⷐࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ....................................................................................................................... 19

2.2.1.

⾗㊄⺞㆐........................................................................................................................... 19

2.2.2.

ᜰዉ࡮⎇ୃ....................................................................................................................... 25

2.2.3.

⺞㆐ᡰេ........................................................................................................................... 26

2.3.

ࠝࡃࡑ᡽ᮭ⊒⿷ᓟߩᣂߒ޿ขࠅ⚵ߺ ................................................................................... 27╙3┨ㄭᐕߩਛዊડᬺᐡߦ߅ߌࠆᬺ❣⹏ଔ㨯੍▚ ......................................................................... 30

3.1.

2008 ᐕᐲᬺ❣⹏ଔ.................................................................................................................. 30

3.2.

2011 ᐕᐲᄢ⛔㗔੍▚᩺.......................................................................................................... 32╙4┨ਛዊડᬺᐡએᄖߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺᡰេ᡽╷࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩታᘒ ................................... 37

4.1.

⽷ോ⋭....................................................................................................................................... 37

4.2.

ㅢ໡ઍ⴫ㇱ............................................................................................................................... 39

4.3.

໡ോ⋭....................................................................................................................................... 39

4.4.

SBIR........................................................................................................................................... 40╙5┨ㅪ㇌⼏ળߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺ᡽╷േะ ................................................................................... 41

5.1.

⼏ળߦ߅ߌࠆਥⷐਛዊડᬺ㑐ㅪᴺ᩺ߩክ⼏࡮ᚑ┙⁁ᴫ ................................................... 41

5.1.1.

╙ 109 ⼏ળ....................................................................................................................... 41

5.1.2.

╙ 110 ⼏ળ ....................................................................................................................... 44

5.1.3.

಴ᚲ㧦ฦ⒳⾗ᢱࠍ߽ߣߦ૞ᚑ╙ 111 ⼏ળ ................................................................... 47

5.2.

ਛዊડᬺ᡽╷ࠍᜂᒰߔࠆᆔຬળߩᆔຬߩ㗻߱ࠇ ............................................................... 52

5.2.1.

਄㒮ਛዊડᬺ࡮⿠ᬺኅᆔຬળ....................................................................................... 53i

5.2.2.
5.3.

ਅ㒮ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળ....................................................................................................... 59ਛዊડᬺ࡮ᬺ⇇㑐ㅪ࿅૕ߦࠃࠆࡠࡆ࡯ᵴേߩേะ ........................................................... 69

5.3.1.

ో☨ਛዊડᬺදળ㧔NSBA㧕 ........................................................................................ 69

5.3.2.

ో☨⁛┙ડᬺㅪ⋖㧔NFIB㧕.......................................................................................... 73

5.3.3.

ో☨ᅚᕈ⚻༡⠪දળ㧔NAWBO㧕 ................................................................................ 75╙6┨☨࿖ਛዊડᬺ߇⋥㕙ߔࠆ໧㗴ὐߣߘࠇߦ߹ߟࠊࠆ᡽╷਄ߩേ߈㧔᡽╷᩺฽߻㧕 ....... 76

6.1.

᥊᳇ᷫㅦߦࠃࠆ⾗㊄⺞㆐ࠍ߼ߋࠆ໧㗴 ............................................................................... 76

6.1.1.

⢛᥊................................................................................................................................... 76

6.1.2.

ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺ㊄Ⲣᡰេ╷߳ߩ᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߩᓇ㗀 ............................... 80

6.1.3.

᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߩᬺ❣࡮ലᨐ............................................................................................... 82

6.2.

ਛዊડᬺ߆ࠄߩ᡽ᐭ⺞㆐................................................................................................... 83

6.2.1.

⢛᥊................................................................................................................................... 83

6.2.2.

⺞㆐ᯏળ᜛ᄢߩขࠅ⚵ߺ............................................................................................... 85

6.3.

㜞㛛ߔࠆࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠦࠬ࠻................................................................................................... 86

6.3.1.

⢛᥊................................................................................................................................... 86

6.3.2.

㊄㌛⊛ᡰេ....................................................................................................................... 86

6.3.3.

ᖱႎឭଏ........................................................................................................................... 90

6.4.

㜞㛛ߔࠆࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕࠦࠬ࠻................................................................................................... 93

6.4.1.

⢛᥊................................................................................................................................... 93

6.4.2.

ක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟߇ਛዊડᬺߦ߽ߚࠄߔ೑ὐ ................................................................... 97

6.4.3.

㑐ㅪᴺ᩺........................................................................................................................... 98

6.4.4.

ㅪ㇌࡮Ꮊ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕࠦࠬ࠻ߦኻߔࠆ⒢ប㒰ភ⟎ ................................. 102

6.4.5.

Ꮊ᡽ᐭߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺะߌ଻㒾ᢱ⵬ഥ ..................................................................... 106╙7┨ਛዊડᬺߩᵴべߔࠆᏒ႐ߣᚑഞ੐଀ ................................................................................. 108

7.1.

☨࿖ਛዊડᬺ߇ᵴべߔࠆᏒ႐ߩേะ ................................................................................. 108

7.2.

ਛዊડᬺᐡߩᡰេࠍฃߌߡᵴべߒߡ޿ࠆડᬺ ................................................................. 111

7.3.

ᦨㄭᵈ⋡ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆਛዊડᬺ............................................................................................. 114

7.4.

VC ߩᡰេߢ IPO ࠍ㆐ᚑߒߚડᬺ ........................................................................................ 124

7.5.

࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ࠕࡦ࠻࡟ࡊ࡟࠽࡯............................................................................................. 135╙8┨☨࿖ਛዊડᬺߩታᘒ㧔࠺࡯࠲㧕 ......................................................................................... 138

8.1.

☨࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺߩ૏⟎ߠߌ ..................................................................................... 138

8.1.1.

☨࿖ߩડᬺ✚ᢙߦභ߼ࠆਛዊડᬺߩഀว ................................................................. 138

8.1.2.

☨࿖ડᬺߩᓥᬺຬⷙᮨ೎ᐕ㑆ᄁ਄ߩౝ⸶ ................................................................. 140ii

8.1.3.
8.2.

☨࿖ડᬺߩᓥᬺຬⷙᮨ೎⛎ਈ㗵ផ⒖ ......................................................................... 141☨࿖⚻ᷣߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺߩ⽸₂ᐲ ................................................................................. 142

8.2.1.

☨࿖ડᬺߩᓥᬺຬⷙᮨ೎ታ⾰㓹↪ᢙߩផ⒖ ............................................................. 143

8.2.2.

☨࿖ડᬺߩᬺ⒳೎ታ⾰ᣂⷙ㓹↪ᢙ ............................................................................. 145

8.3.

☨࿖ਛዊડᬺߦ߅ߌࠆャ಴ߩታᘒ ..................................................................................... 146

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࿑⴫⋡ᰴ
࿑ 1

ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆࡠ࡯ࡦࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓౝ⸶ ................................... 20࿑ 2ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩⲢ⾗ⷙᮨߩផ⒖㧔2004㨪2011 ᐕᐲ㧕 .................. 34࿑ 3 ⸽೛ൻߐࠇߚ 7(a)଻⸽ࡠ࡯ࡦߩ࠮ࠞࡦ࠳࡝࡯࡮ࡑ࡯ࠤ࠶࠻ߦ߅ߌࠆขᒁ㗵 㧔2008ᐕ 1 ᦬㨪2009 ᐕ 9 ᦬㧕 .................................................... 38࿑ 4૑ቛ⾗↥ߩⵙ㊂⊛⾗㊄ൻߦࠃࠆࠠࡖ࠶ࠪࡘࠕ࠙࠻ߣ૑ቛଔᩰ ................. 77࿑ 5໡ᎿⲢ⾗⾉ઃၮḰᒝൻࠍ⹺߼ߚ㌁ⴕߩഀวߩផ⒖㧔1990㨪2008 ᐕ㧕 .......... 78

࿑ 67(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽෸߮ 504 ౏⹺㐿⊒౏␠ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦࠃࠆⲢ⾗✚㗵ߩേ߈79

࿑ 7

7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ෸߮ 504 ౏⹺㐿⊒౏␠ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦࠃࠆᛚ⹺㗵........................................................................ 83࿑ 8ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ௌ೛㧔CREBs‫ޔ‬QECBs㧕ߩ઀⚵ߺ ................................. 88࿑ 9࿖᳃✚↢↥㧔GDP㧕ߦභ߼ࠆක≮⾌ߩ࿖㓙Ყセ㧔2006 ᐕ㧕 ................... 94

࿑ 10 GDP ߦභ߼ࠆࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕ㑐ㅪᡰ಴ߩផ⒖㧔1980㨪2040 ᐕ㧕 ................... 95࿑ 11 ડᬺⷙᮨ೎ߦ⷗ࠆ㓹↪ਥߦࠃࠆஜᐽ଻㒾ᡰ⛎₸㧔2008 ᐕ㧕 ................. 96
࿑ 12 ࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕࠦࠬ࠻ߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺߩ෼⋉៊ᄬ㗵㧔2009㨪2018 ᐕ㧕 ........... 97
࿑ 13 ࠝࡃࡑᄢ⛔㗔ᡰᜬ₸ߩផ⒖............................................. 101
࿑ 14 ྾ඨᦼߏߣߦ⷗ࠆᣂⷙᩣᑼ౏㐿Ꮢ႐േะ㧔2006㨪2009 ᐕ㧕 ................ 125
࿑ 15 IPO એ㒠ߩᩣଔផ⒖ ................................................... 128
࿑ 16 IPO એ㒠ߩ⊒ⴕᷣߺᩣᑼᢙផ⒖ ......................................... 128
࿑ 17 IPO એ㒠ߩᩣଔផ⒖㧔ᩣଔන૏㧦☨࠼࡞㧕 ............................... 130
࿑ 18 IPO એ㒠ߩᩣଔ࡮⊒ⴕᷣߺᩣᑼᢙផ⒖㧔ᩣଔන૏㧦☨࠼࡞㧕 ............... 132
࿑ 19 IPO એ㒠ߩᩣଔ࡮⊒ⴕᷣߺᩣᑼᢙផ⒖㧔ᩣଔන૏㧦☨࠼࡞㧕 ............... 134
࿑ 20 ☨࿖ડᬺߩᓥᬺຬⷙᮨ೎ಽᏓ㧔2006 ᐕ㧕 ................................ 138
࿑ 21 ☨࿖ડᬺߩડᬺⷙᮨ೎ᄁ਄✚㗵ಽᏓ㧔2002 ᐕ㧕 .......................... 141
࿑ 22 ☨࿖ਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆャ಴㗵㧔2002㨪2007 ᐕ㧕 ............................ 146
࿑ 23 ☨࿖ߩャ಴㗵෸߮ਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆャ಴ࠪࠚࠕ ............................. 147
࿑ 24 ᄢⷙᮨ࡮ਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆ☨࿖ャ಴໡ຠ ................................... 148
࿑ 25 ャ಴ߦභ߼ࠆ⵾ㅧᬺ‫෈ޔ‬ᄁ‫ߩઁߩߘޔ‬ഀว㧔ਛዊડᬺ㧕 ................... 148
࿑ 26 ☨࿖ડᬺߩャ಴⋧ᚻ࿖................................................. 149
⴫ 1 ╙ 109 ⼏ળߦ߅ߌࠆਥߥਛዊડᬺ㑐ㅪᴺߣࠝࡃࡑ᳁ߩᛩ␿ .................... 6
⴫ 2╙ 110 ⼏ળߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺ㑐ㅪਥⷐᴺ .................................... 9⴫ 3ࠝࡃࡑ᡽ᮭਅߩਛዊડᬺ᡽╷㧙ฦ⒳⾗㊄⺞㆐⁁ᴫߩᡷༀ‫ޔ‬ᷫ⒢ភ⟎‫⺞ޔ‬㆐ᒝൻ . 11

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⴫ 4

ਛዊડᬺᐡߩᣂᐙㇱੱ੐................................................. 18⴫ 57(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ⒳㘃 ......................................... 21⴫ 6E200 ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓኻ⽎ㇺᏒ᜛ᄢ㧔2009 ᐕ 11 ᦬㧕 ............................. 28⴫ 72008 ᐕᐲᚢ⇛⋡ᮡ㧝ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓᬺ❣⹏ଔ .................................. 30⴫ 8ਛዊડᬺᐡߦ߅ߌࠆ 2011 ᐕᐲ੍▚᩺ ...................................... 33⴫ 9ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩⲢ⾗ⷙᮨ ........................................... 34

⴫ 10 ਥⷐࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦដ߆ࠆ᜚಴ ............................................ 35
⴫ 11 ╙ 109 ⼏ળߦ߅޿ߡᚑ┙ߒߚਥߥਛዊડᬺ㑐ㅪᴺ .......................... 41
⴫ 12 ╙ 110 ⼏ળߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺ㑐ㅪਥⷐᴺ .................................. 45
⴫ 13 2009 ᐕਛዊડᬺ㓹↪ഃ಴෸߮⾗ᧄ⺞㆐ᴺ᩺ౝኈ ........................... 51
⴫ 14 110 ⼏ળߣ 111 ⼏ળߦ߅ߌࠆ਄㒮ਛዊડᬺ⿠ᬺኅᆔຬળࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߩᄌㆫ ...... 52
⴫ 15 110 ⼏ળߣ 111 ⼏ળߦ߅ߌࠆਅ㒮ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߩᄌㆫ ............ 53
⴫ 16 ో☨ਛዊડᬺදળ 111 ⼏ળ᡽╷ឭ⸒ ...................................... 70
⴫ 17 ో☨ਛዊડᬺදળߩ 111 ⼏ળߦ߅ߌࠆ㊀ⷐᴺ᩺߳ߩᆫ൓ .................... 71
⴫ 18 ో☨⁛┙ડᬺㅪ⋖

111 ⼏ળఝవ᡽╷ឭ⸒ ................................ 74

⴫ 19 ో☨ᅚᕈ⚻༡⠪දળ ఝవ᡽╷ឭ⸒ ...................................... 75⴫ 20᳃㑆㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺᐡࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍㅢߓߚਛዊડᬺะߌⲢ⾗⁁ᴫ ...................................................................... 79
⴫ 21 ᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺࠃࠆਛዊડᬺᐡࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᒝൻౝኈ .......................... 80
⴫ 22 ᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺᐡ߳ߩ⾗㊄᜚಴ౝ⸶ ............................ 81
⴫ 23 ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ⺞㆐ᨒߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺ⺞㆐㗵ഀวߩ⋡ᮡ୯ ...................... 83
⴫ 24 ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ⺞㆐ᨒߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺ⺞㆐㗵ഀว㧔2006 ᐕᐲ㨪2008 ᐕᐲታ❣㧕 ... 84
⴫ 25 ਛዊડᬺᐡ෸߮໡ോ⋭ߦࠃࠆ⺞㆐ᯏળ᜛ᄢߩߚ߼ߩขࠅ⚵ߺ ................ 85
⴫ 26 ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߦࠃࠆࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯㑐ㅪߩ⒢㗵ប㒰ភ⟎ ............................ 87
⴫ 27 ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߦࠃࠆࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯㑐ㅪᡰេ╷㧔⒢ប㒰એᄖ㧕 ...................... 88
⴫ 28 ਛዊડᬺߦ․ൻߒߚࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠦࠬ࠻⵬ഥ㊄ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ .................... 89
⴫ 29 ᓥᬺຬ 1 ੱᒰߚࠅߩක≮଻㒾ᢱ㧔2009 ᐕ㧕 ............................... 97
⴫ 30 ක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟߇ਛዊડᬺߦ߽ߚࠄߔ೑ὐ .................................. 98
⴫ 31 ਄ਅਔ㒮ߦ߅ߌࠆක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟ᴺ᩺Ყセ⴫ ................................ 99
⴫ 32 ਅ㒮ᴺ᩺ߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺ߳ߩ⒢ប㒰ലᨐ ................................. 100
⴫ 33 ਄㒮ᴺ᩺ߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺ߳ߩ⒢ប㒰ലᨐ ................................. 100
⴫ 34 Ꮊߩࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕ㑐ㅪ⒢ប㒰ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ ................................... 102
⴫ 35 Ꮊ᡽ᐭߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺะߌ଻㒾ᢱ⵬ഥࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ ......................... 106v

⴫ 36 ☨࿖ߩᓥᬺຬⷙᮨ೎ડᬺ␠ᢙ㧔1997㨪2006 ᐕ㧕 .......................... 138
⴫ 37 ☨࿖ડᬺߩᓥᬺຬⷙᮨ೎㓹↪⠪ᢙ(1997㨪2006 ᐕ) ........................ 139
⴫ 38 ☨࿖ߩ↥ᬺ೎㓹↪⠪ᢙ㧔2006 ᐕ㧕 ...................................... 140
⴫ 39 ☨࿖ડᬺߩᓥᬺຬⷙᮨ೎⛎ਈ✚㗵ផ⒖㧔1997㨪2006 ᐕ㧕 .................. 141
⴫ 40 ☨࿖ߩᓥᬺຬᢙ೎㐿ᬺ‫ޔ‬ᑄᬺᢙ㧔1996㨪2006 ᐕ㧕 ........................ 142
⴫ 41☨࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ㓹↪ᢙჇᷫߩⷐ࿃ߣડᬺⷙᮨ೎ౝ⸶ߢߺߚផ⒖㧔1996㨪2006 ᐕ㧕....................................................................... 144
⴫ 42 ☨࿖ડᬺߩᬺ⒳೎ታ⾰ᣂⷙ㓹↪ഃ಴ᢙ㧔2005㨪2006 ᐕ㧕 .................. 145

vi

ߪߓ߼ߦ
2009 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 20 ᣣ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ߢೋߩ㤥ੱᄢ⛔㗔߇⺀↢ߒߚ‫ޕ‬2007 ᐕߩ૑ቛࡠ࡯ࡦࡃࡉ࡞፣უ‫ߘޔ‬
ߒߡ 2008 ᐕᄐߩࠨࡉࡊ࡜ࠗࡓࡠ࡯ࡦ໧㗴ࠍ⊒┵ߣߔࠆ㊄Ⲣෂᯏ‫☨ߡߒߘޔ‬࿖⚻ᷣߩࡔ࡞࠻࠳
࠙ࡦ߆ࠄߩౣ↢ߩ๮ㆇࠍ☨࿖ߪࠝࡃࡑᄢ⛔㗔ߩᚻߦ⸤ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߘࠇ߆ࠄ৻ᐕ㑆‫ࡑࡃࠝޔ‬᡽ᮭߪᄢᚻ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߩᢇᷣ‫ࠍ࠻࠶ࠤ࡯ࡑ࡮࡯࡝࠳ࡦࠞ࠮ޔ‬฽߻㊄ⲢᏒ႐ߩ┙ߡ⋥ߒ‫࡯ࠡ࡞ࡀࠛޔ‬ⅣႺ᡽╷‫ޔ‬ක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟ߣᰴ‫ߦޘ‬ᄢ߈ߥ᡽╷⺖㗴ߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ᧪ߚ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬⢄ᔃߩ㓹↪ߪ‫ޔ‬ผ਄ᦨᄢⷙᮨߩ᥊᳇ᶋ឴╷ࠍᛂߜ಴ߒߡ߽߹ߛෂᯏ⊛ߥ⁁ᘒ߇⛯޿ߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᡰᜬ₸ߩૐਅߦߐ޿ߥ߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
2009 ᐕ 10 ᦬㧝ᣣߦߪ਄㒮ߩ቟ቯᄙᢙࠍᄬ޿‫ޔ‬2010 ⑺ߩਛ㑆ㆬ᜼ߩ⷗ㅢߒ߽ᥧ޿ߣ޿ࠊࠇߡ
޿ࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ਛߢ㓹↪࿁ᓳ߇ࠝࡃࡑ᡽ᮭߦ߅޿ߡᦨ߽Ꮕߒㄼߞߚ⺖㗴ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⁁ᴫߩਛ‫ࡑࡃࠝޔ‬᡽ᮭߩਛዊડᬺߦኻߔࠆᦼᓙ߇ߎࠇ߹ߢએ਄ߦ㜞߹ߞߡ߈ߡ޿
ࠆ‫⿷⊒ޕ‬ᒰᤨ߆ࠄࠝࡃࡑᄢ⛔㗔ߪ‫ޔ‬ᭂ߼ߡᾲᔃߦਛዊડᬺߩ⚻ᷣᡰេߩߚ߼ߩᣉ╷ࠍዷ㐿ߒߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺࠍ㓹↪߿ࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦഃ಴ߩ㎛ߣߒߡᝒ߃ࠆห᡽ᮭߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺะߌ㊄Ⲣᡰេߩ᜛ల‫ޔ‬⒢೙‫ޔ‬ක≮‫᧚ੱޔ‬⢒ᚑ‫ޔ‬ャ಴ᡰេ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⺞㆐‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚ㐿⊒ᡰេߣ޿ߞߚ᭽‫࠾ࠞࡔߥޘ‬࠭ࡓࠍㅢߓߚਛዊડᬺᡰេࠍᚻෘߊⴕ߁ᣉ╷ࠍዷ㐿ߒߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬㓹↪ኻ╷߇ᦨఝవ⺖㗴ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ੹‫ޔ‬㓹↪ഃ಴ߩᜂ޿ᚻߣߒߡਛዊડᬺߩᓎഀߪ߹ߔ߹ߔ
㊀ⷐߦߥࠆߣ੍ᗐߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬੐ታ‫ޔ‬1990㨪1991 ᐕ‫ޔ‬2000㨪2001 ᐕߩ☨࿖⚻ᷣૐㅅᦼߩᓟ‫ޔ‬3 ᐕ㑆ߦᷰߞߡ⷗ࠄࠇߚ㓹↪࿁ᓳߩ߶ߣࠎߤߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬ 20 ੱએਅߩਛዊડᬺߦ߅ߌࠆ㓹↪ߩჇടߦࠃߞߡ㆐ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟ‫ࡑࡃࠝޔ‬᡽ᮭߦࠃࠆ㓹↪ኻ╷߇ᒝൻߐࠇࠆߦ઻޿‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᣉ
╷߽ࠃࠅ৻ጀ᜛లߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߣ੍ᗐߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᧄ⺞ᩏߪ‫ⴕ┙⁛ޔ‬᡽ᴺੱᣣᧄ⾏ᤃᝄ⥝ᯏ᭴ࠍㅢߓ‫ߩ࡯࠲ࡦ࠮࡮ࠢ࡯࡛࡯ࡘ࠾࡮ࡠ࠻ࠚࠫޔ‬දജࠍᓧߡታᣉߒߚ‫ᧄޕ‬ႎ๔ᦠ߇‫☨ޔ‬࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺ෸߮ਛዊડᬺ᡽╷ࠍ൮᜝⊛ߦᬌ⸽࡮ಽ
ᨆߒ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺᣉ╷┙᩺ߦ⾗ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠇ߫ᐘ↟ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬2010 ᐕ 3 ᦬⁛┙ⴕ᡽ᴺੱ ਛዊડᬺၮ⋚ᢛ஻ᯏ᭴
࿖㓙⛔᜝ቶ

1

ࠛࠣ࠯ࠢ࠹ࠖࡉ࡮ࠨࡑ࡝࡯
ᧄႎ๔ᦠߪ౎ߟߩ┨ߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߪߢ┨৻╙ޕ‬ᣂ᡽ᮭߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺ᡽╷ߩၮ⋚ߣߥࠆࠝࡃࡑᄢ⛔㗔ߩਛዊડᬺ㑐ㅪߩ౏⚂‫ࡑࡃࠝޔ‬ᄢ⛔㗔ߩ਄㒮⼏ຬᤨઍߩਥⷐᴺ᩺ߩᛩ␿⚿ᨐ
ࠍᢛℂߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᓟ‫ޔ‬ᣂ᡽ᮭߦ߅޿ߡᣂߒߊណ↪ߐࠇߚਛዊડᬺ᡽╷߿‫⃻ޔ‬࿷߹ߢߦታᣉߐࠇߚ
ฦ⒳ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߅ࠃ߮ࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉࠍ⸃⺑ߒ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩᣇ㊎ߦߟ޿ߡಽᨆߔࠆ‫ޕ‬╙ੑ┨ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ㧔SBA㧦Small Business Administration㧕ߩᦨㄭߩേะߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᣂ㐳ቭߩࠞ࡟ࡦ࡮ࡒ࡞࠭᳁߿ᣂᐙㇱࠍ฽߼ߚਛዊડᬺᐡੱ੐ࠍ⺑᣿ߒߚᓟ‫⾗ޔ‬㊄⺞㆐‫ޔ‬ᜰዉ࡮⎇ୃ‫⺞ޔ‬㆐ᡰេ‫ߚߞ޿ߣޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ 3 ᄢਥⷐࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍᬌ⸽ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬╙ਃ┨ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߩᬺ❣⹏ଔ࡮੍▚ࠍขࠅ਄ߍࠆ‫ޔߕ߹ޕ‬2008 ᐕᐲߩᬺ❣⹏ଔ⚿ᨐࠍ߹ߣ߼‫ࡑࡃࠝߡ޿⛯ޔ‬᡽ᮭߢ․ߦ᜛ᄢߐࠇߚା↪଻⸽࡮㊄Ⲣᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦ㑐ߔࠆ 2009ᐕᐲ࡮2010 ᐕߩਛዊડᬺᐡ੍▚ࠍᬌ⸽ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬╙྾┨ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡએᄖߩ⋭ᐡߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺᡰេ᡽╷࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߣߒߡ‫⽷ޔ‬ോ⋭‫ޔ‬ㅢ໡ઍ⴫ㇱ‫ޔ‬໡ോ⋭‫⋭ޔ‬ᐡᮮᢿဳ೙ᐲߢ޽ࠆ SBIR ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔Small Business Innovation
Research Program‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ㕟ᣂ࡝ࠨ࡯࠴ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧕/STTR㧔Small Business Technology
Transfer Program‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᛛⴚ⒖ォࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧕ࠍขࠅ਄ߍࠆ‫ޕ‬╙੖┨ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⼏ળߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺ᡽╷േะࠍ⸃⺑ߔࠆ‫ ╙ޔߕ߹ޕ‬109 ⼏ળ‫ ╙ޔ‬110 ⼏ળ‫ ╙ޔ‬111 ⼏ળߦ߅޿ߡክ⼏ߐࠇߚᴺ᩺‫ޔ‬ᚑ┙ߒߚᴺᓞࠍ߹ߣ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᰴߦ‫ޔ‬਄㒮࡮ਅ㒮ߩਛዊડᬺ᡽╷ࠍᜂᒰߔࠆᆔຬળߩ⼏ຬࡔࡦࡃ࡯ࠍ⚫੺ߒ‫ᦨޔ‬ᓟߦ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ㑐ㅪ࿅૕ߩᵴേࠍ
⸃⺑ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬╙౐┨ߢߪ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ߩਛዊડᬺ߇⋥㕙ߔࠆ໧㗴ὐߣߘࠇߦ઻߁᡽╷਄ߩേ߈ࠍขࠅ਄ߍࠆ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߪ‫⾗ޔ‬㊄⺞㆐‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⺞㆐‫ޔ‬㜞㛛ߔࠆࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠦࠬ࠻߿ࡋ࡞ࠬࠦࠬ࠻ߩኻᔕߥߤ
ߩ໧㗴ߦ⋥㕙ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬᥊᳇ኻ╷ߢߩᣉ╷ౝኈࠍ฽߼‫ࡑࡃࠝޔ‬᡽ᮭߩ᡽╷਄ߩኻᔕ╷ࠍᬌ⸽ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬╙৾┨ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ߇ᦨㄭᵴべߩ႐ࠍ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߩ IT࡮ࡃࠗࠝ࡮࠽ࡁߣ޿ߞߚ↥ᬺ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ⅣႺ࡮ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯‫ޔࠕࠤࠬ࡞ࡋޔ‬ቝቮ↥ᬺߣ⸒ߞߚಽ㊁ߦ߽ᐢߍߡ޿ࠆὐߦ⌕⋡ߒߡਛዊડᬺߩ
ߎࠇࠄߩಽ㊁ߢߩᚑഞ੐଀ࠍ⚫੺ߔࠆ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ߆ࠄᡰេࠍฃߌߡᵴべߒߡ޿ࠆડᬺ‫ޔ‬ᩰᑼ޽ࠆ⾨ࠍฃ⾨ߔࠆߥߤᦨㄭᵈ⋡ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆડᬺ‫ޔ‬ᣂⷙᩣᑼ౏㐿ࠍ㆐ᚑ‫ߪߊߒ߽ޔ‬⋡೨߹ߢ߈ߡ޿ࠆડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬਎⇇⊛ߦบ㗡ߒߡ޿ࠆ࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ࠕࡦ࠻࡟
ࡊ࡟࠽࡯㧔␠ળ⿠ᬺኅ㧕ߣ๭߫ࠇߡ޿ࠆડᬺ߿࿅૕ࠍ⚫੺ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬╙౎┨ߪ‫☨ޔ‬࿖⚻ᷣߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺߩ૏⟎ઃߌ߿⽸₂ᐲ‫ޔ‬ャ಴ߩታᘒߥߤࠍ࠺࡯࠲ߢᬌ⸽
ߔࠆ‫☨ޕ‬࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺߩ૏⟎ߠߌߪ‫ޔ‬ડᬺ✚ᢙߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺߩഀว‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬⷙᮨ೎
ᐕ㑆ᄁࠅ਄ߍ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬⷙᮨ೎⛎ਈ㗵ߩផ⒖ߢ⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺߩ⽸₂ᐲߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬⷙᮨ
೎‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬ᬺ⒳೎ߦታ⾰㓹↪Ⴧᷫࠍ⴫ߔ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ↪޿ߡ޿ࠆ‫ᦨޕ‬ᓟߦ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩャ಴ߩታᘒࠍ࠺࡯࠲ߢಽᨆߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᧄႎ๔ᦠߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂ᡽ᮭਅߦ߅޿ߡᄢ߈ߥᄌൻࠍㄫ߃ࠆ☨࿖ߩਛዊડᬺᣉ╷ߩേะࠍ߹ߣ߼ࠆߣ
ߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬ਇᴫਅߦ߅޿ߡ߽࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒ࠶ࠢߦᵴേߔࠆ☨࿖ਛዊડᬺߩ੐଀ࠍขࠅ਄ߍ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺᣉ╷ߩ┙᩺ߣታᣉ‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᡰេߦ៤ࠊࠆᣇ‫ߩޘ‬ෳ⠨ߦ⾗ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬

2ਛዊડᬺߩቯ⟵☨ ࿖ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ਛ ዊ ડ ᬺ ߩ ᡰ េ ࠍ ⴕ ߁ ㅪ ㇌ ᯏ 㑐 ߢ ޽ ࠆ ਛ ዊ ડ ᬺ ᐡ 㧔 Small Business
Administration㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ਛዊડᬺ‫ߩޠ‬ቯ⟵ࠍ‫ޔ‬એਅߩⷐઙࠍḩߚߒ‫৻ߟ߆ޔ‬ቯߩᢙ⊛ⷐઙࠍḩߚߔ߽ߩߣߒߡ޿ࠆ1‫ޕ‬
x ༡೑ᵴേࠍ༡߻ߚ߼ߦ⚵❱ߐࠇߚળ␠ߢ޽ࠆx ☨࿖ߦ᜚ὐࠍ⸳ߌߡ޿ࠆx ਥߦ☨࿖ߢ༡ᬺᵴേࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ߆‫⚊ޔ‬⒢߹ߚߪ☨࿖⵾ຠ࡮‛⾰࡮ੱ᧚ߩᵴ↪ࠍㅢߒߡ☨࿖⚻ᷣߦ㊀ⷐߥ⽸₂ࠍߒߡ޿ࠆ
x ડᬺߣߒߡ⁛┙ᕈࠍ⛽ᜬߒߡ޿ࠆ
x ᒰ⹥ડᬺߩ੐ᬺಽ㊁ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ߢ࡞ࡌ࡟☨ోޔ‬Ꮢ႐ᡰ㈩⊛࿾૏ߦߥ޿
ਛዊડᬺߩᢙ⊛ⷐઙߣߒߡߪએਅߩၮḰ߇৻⥸⊛ߦ૶ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ2‫ޕ‬
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⵾ㅧᬺ࡮㋶ᬺߪᓥᬺຬᢙ 500 ฬએਅ෈ᄁᬺߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬᢙ 100 ฬએਅዊᄁ࡮ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬᬺߪᐕ㑆ᄁ਄ 700 ਁ࠼࡞એਅ
৻⥸ᑪ▽࡮࿯ᧁᬺߪᐕ㑆ᄁ਄ 3,350 ਁ࠼࡞એਅ
․ᱶᎿ੐ᬺߪᐕ㑆ᄁ਄ 1,400 ਁ࠼࡞એਅ
ㄘ⇓↥ᬺߪᐕ㑆ᄁ਄ 75 ਁ࠼࡞એਅ

߹ߚ‫ޔ‬਄⸥ߩၮḰߩਛߣߪ೎ߦ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ߇ታᣉߔࠆ⛔⸘߿⺞ᩏߢߪᬺ⒳ߦ㑐ࠊࠄߕ‫ޟ‬ᓥᬺ
ຬᢙ 500 ฬએਅ‫ߣޠ‬ቯ⟵ߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇ᄙ޿ ‫ᧄޕ‬ႎ๔ᦠߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫ޔ‬ේೣ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬᢙ 500 ฬએਅߩડᬺࠍਛዊડᬺߣߒߡᛒߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

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ࠝࡃࡑ᡽ᮭߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺ᡽╷ߩᣇะᕈᧄ┨ߢߪ‫ࡑࡃࠝޔ‬ᣂ᡽ᮭߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺ᡽╷ߩᣇะᕈࠍ‫ࡑࡃࠝޔ‬ᄢ⛔㗔ߩਛዊડᬺᡰេߩ
⠨߃ᣇ߿ࠝࡃࡑ᡽ᮭ߇⊒⿷ߒߚᓟߦᣂߒߊ┙ߜ਄ߍࠄࠇߚਛዊડᬺ᡽╷ࠍਛᔃߦ߹ߣ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠝࡃࡑᄢ⛔㗔ߩਛዊડᬺᡰេߩ⠨߃ᣇ㧔ᄢ⛔㗔ዞછ೨㧕

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ᄢ⛔㗔ㆬ᜼ਛߩ౏⚂ࠝࡃࡑᄢ⛔㗔ߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢ⛔㗔ㆬ᜼ਛߦਛዊડᬺ㑐ㅪߩ౏⚂ߣߒߡએਅߩ 12 ߩࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠴ࡉࠍឝ
ߍߡ޿ߚ3 ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚฦ⒳⒢ប㒰ߩዉ౉‫ߩ࠻ࠬࠦࠕࠤࠬ࡞ࡋޔ‬೥ᷫ‫⺞ᧄ⾗ޔ‬㆐ߩᡷༀ‫߮ࠃ߅ࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯ࡌࡁࠗޔ‬㐿⊒ᵴേ߳ߩᛩ⾗ߥߤ‫ౕޔ‬૕⊛ߥਛዊડᬺᡰេߩ⺖㗴߇ᛂߜ಴ߐ
ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
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ਛዊડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߦ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿ක≮଻㒾ᢱߦኻߔࠆ⒢ប㒰ࠍዉ౉ߒ‫ߩ࠻ࠬࠦࠕࠤࠬ࡞ࡋޔ‬ᒁ߈ਅߍࠍ࿑ࠆ㧦ਛዊડᬺߪ☨࿖⚻ᷣߩ㓹↪ᚑ㐳ߩࠞࠡࠍីࠆ߽ߩߩ‫ޔ‬ㄭᐕߩࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕࠦࠬ
࠻ߩ㜞㛛߇ਛዊડᬺߩ┹੎ജߩ਄᣹ࠍ㒖ࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫ߦ⁁⃻ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬㐓ߺ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߦක≮଻㒾ࠍᡰ⛎ߔࠆਛዊડᬺߦ߅ߌࠆක≮଻㒾ᢱߩ৻ㇱ㧔ᦨᄢ 50%㧕ߦኻߒߡ⒢ប㒰ࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫⊛౏ޔ‬ක≮଻㒾ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍዉ౉ߒ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ߇ૐࠦࠬ࠻‫ޔ‬㜞ຠ⾰ߩක≮଻㒾ࠍᓥᬺຬะߌߦ⾼౉ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺ෸߮ࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯ડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߦࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞ࠥࠗࡦ⺖⒢ࠍ఺㒰ߒ‫⺖ߩઁߩߘޔ‬⒢✭๺╷ࠍขࠅⴕ߁㧦ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠦࠬ࠻ߣࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕࠦࠬ࠻߇ᕆ㛛ߔࠆਛ‫ޔ‬Ⴧᄢߔࠆਛዊડᬺ੐
ᬺਥߩ⽶ᜂࠍ೥ᷫߔߴߊ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ߅ࠃ߮ࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯ડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߦࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞ࠥࠗࡦߦኻ
ߔࠆ⺖⒢ࠍ఺㒰ߒ‫ߣࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯ࡌࡁࠗޔ‬㓹↪ഃ಴ࠍᅑബߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚⲢ⾗ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ᜛లࠍ࿑ࠆ㧦ਛዊડᬺߩ⾗ᧄ⺞㆐ࠍኈᤃߦߔߴߊ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ߇ታᣉߔࠆฦ⒳ࡠ࡯ࡦࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ4ࠍ᜛ᄢߔࠆ‫ޕ‬૬ߖߡ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߩࡠ࡯ࡦࡊ
ࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦෳടߔࠆ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߩࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢࠍᐢߍࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ࡦ࡯ࡠޔ‬ᛚ⹺ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߩ◲⚛ൻࠍ࿑ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ߅ࠃ߮ࡂࠗ࠹ࠢ↥ᬺߦ߅ߌࠆ㓹↪ߩഃ಴ࠍᡰេߔࠆ㧦ၮ␆⎇ⓥߩㅪ㇌੍▚ࠍ୚Ⴧߒ‫⾗࡯ࠡ࡞ࡀࠛޔ‬Ḯߩᄙ᭽ൻࠍ࿑ࠆ‫✂࠼ࡦࡃ࠼࡯ࡠࡉޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᢛ஻ߩ᜛ᄢ߿‫ޔ‬R&Dᡰ಴ߦኻߔࠆ⒢ប㒰ߩᕡਭൻࠍ࿑ࠆ੐ߢ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦᵴേߣ቟ቯߒߚ㓹↪
ߩഃ಴ߦะߌߚᛩ⾗ࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ቭ᳃ࡆࠫࡀࠬ࡮ࠗࡦࠠࡘࡌ࡯࠲࡯ߩో☨ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢࠍ૞ࠆ㧦ቭ᳃࠮ࠢ࠲࡯ߦ߅ߌࠆࡆࠫ
ࡀࠬ࡮ࠗࡦࠠࡘࡌ࡯࠲࡯ߩో☨ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢࠍ᭴▽ߒ‫࡯ࡖ࠴ࡦࡌޔ‬ડᬺߩᡰេࠍ࿑ࠆ‫߹ޕ‬ߚ‫ޔ‬ᐕ㑆 2 ం 5,000 ਁ࠼࡞ࠍᛩ౉ߒ‫⧰ޔ‬Ⴚߦ㕙ߒߡ޿ࠆ࿾ၞ5ߩᵴᕈൻߩߚ߼‫ޔ‬ᒰ⹥࿾ၞߩ
ࠗࡦࠠࡘࡌ࡯࠲࡯ߩᢙߣⷙᮨࠍჇᄢߐߖࠆ‫ޕ‬ᅚᕈ߇⚻༡ߔࠆਛዊડᬺߦᛩ⾗ߔࠆ㧦 ᅚᕈ߇⚻༡ߔࠆડᬺߩᛩ⾗ᵴേࠍᅑബߔࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ࠢ࡝ࡦ࠻ࡦ᡽ᮭᤨઍߦᴺ೙ൻߒߚ߽ߩߩ‫ࡘࠪ࠶ࡉޔ‬᡽ᮭਅߢߪታᣉߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޟ‬ᅚᕈ߇

3

BarackObama.com‫̌ޔ‬Barack Obama and Joe Biden̉s Plan For Small Business̍:
http://www.barackobama.com/pdf/SmallBusinessFINAL.pdf
4ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆዊญߩ⍴ᦼⲢ⾗ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫ߪ⚦⹦ޕ‬ᓟឝ‫ޕ‬5ౕ૕⊛ߦߤߩࠃ߁ߥ⧰Ⴚߦ㕙ߒߚ࿾ၞߢ޽ࠆ߆ߦߟ޿ߡߪ⸒෸ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬

4

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x

x

x

x

x

⚻༡ߔࠆડᬺะߌߩ⺞㆐ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔Women Owned Business contracting program㧕‫ࠍޠ‬㐿ᆎߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ࡑࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖ߇ᚲ᦭ߔࠆડᬺߩ⾗ᧄ⺞㆐ࠍჇടߐߖࠆ㧦ઁߩਛዊડᬺߣᲧセߒߡ߽ࡑࠗࡁ
࡝࠹ࠖᚲ᦭ߩડᬺߪࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞߆ࠄߩ⾗ᧄᵈ౉߇ᭂ┵ߦዋߥ޿‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ㄭᐕߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ߇⹺นߔࠆਛዊડᬺᛩ⾗ળ␠㧔SBIC: Small Business Investment Company㧕6߆ࠄߩࡑࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖડᬺ߳ߩ㊄Ⲣᡰេ߽ᄢ᏷ߦᷫዋߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⁁ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᴫࠍᡷༀߔߴߊ‫ޔ‬⾗ᧄ⺞㆐ࠍᡰេߔࠆਛዊડᬺᐡߩਛዊડᬺᛩ⾗ળ␠ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍᒝൻߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ㅢ ା ↥ ᬺ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ਛ ዊ ડ ᬺ ⚻ ༡ ࠍ ផ ㅴ ߔ ࠆ 㧦 ㅪ ㇌ ㅢ ା ᆔ ຬ ળ 㧔 FCC: Federal
Communications Commission㧕߇‫ޔ‬ᣂߚߥડᬺߩㅢା੐ᬺ߳ߩෳ౉ࠍኈᤃߦߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ‫ޟ‬1996 ᐕㅢାᴺ㧔Telecommunications Act of 1996㧕‫ޠ‬7ߩ⷗⋥ߒ૞ᬺ8 ࠍ㐿ᆎߔࠆߩߦవ┙ߜ‫ࠖ࠹࡝ࡁࠗࡑޔ‬ડᬺ‫ޔ‬ᅚᕈ⚻༡ડᬺ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆࡔ࠺ࠖࠕᚲ᦭໧㗴9ߦߟ޿ߡ⋥ߜߦขࠅ⚵߻‫ޕ‬ࡂ࡝ࠤ࡯ࡦ࡮ࠞ࠻࡝࡯࠽ߩⵍኂࠍฃߌߚ࿾ၞߩડᬺࠍᡰេߔࠆ㧦ࡂ࡝ࠤ࡯ࡦ࡮ࠞ࠻࡝࡯࠽
ߩⵍኂࠍฃߌߚ࿾ၞߦ߅޿ߡ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⊛࡮⚻ᷣ⊛ߦਇ೑ߥ⁁ᴫਅߦ⟎߆ࠇߚ୘ੱ⚻༡ߩਛዊડᬺߩౣ↢࡮ౣᑪᵴേࠍᡰេߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫⋭ޔ‬ᐡᮮᢿ⊛ߦߎࠇࠄߩડᬺ߆ࠄߩ᡽ᐭ⺞㆐ߩ⋡ᮡ୯ࠍᒁ߈਄ߍࠆ‫ޕ‬Άᢱଔᩰߩ㜞㛛ߦኻߔࠆ✕ᕆᡰេ㧦⍹ᴤ‫ޔ‬ᄤὼࠟࠬ‫ߩ╬ࡦࠪࡠࠠޔࡦࡄࡠࡊޔ‬ᥦᚱ↪Άᢱߩᄢ᏷ߥଔᩰ਄᣹ߦࠃߞߡᷓೞߥ⚻ᷣ⊛ᛂ᠄ࠍฃߌࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆਛዊડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߦ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߩἴኂࡠ࡯ࡦߩ೑↪ࠍ⹺߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿾ᣇߩਛዊડᬺࠍᡰេߔࠆ㧦࿾ᣇߩਛዊડᬺߦኻߒߡ⎇ୃ෸߮ᛛⴚᡰេࠍឭଏߔࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬࿾ᣇߩਛዊડᬺ߇⸳஻ᛩ⾗ࠍⴕ߁㓙‫ޔ‬5 ਁ࠼࡞ࠍ਄㒢ߦ‫ޔ‬ᛩ⾗㗵ߩ 20%⋧ᒰߩ⒢㗵ប㒰ࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬࠺ࠫ࠲࡞࡮ࠗࡦࠢ࡞࡯࡚ࠫࡦߩផㅴ㧦ో☨ߩή✢ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߩᡷༀ‫ޔ‬ᰴ਎ઍᛛⴚߩផㅴ‫ޔ‬⒢೙਄ߩఝㆄ߿ࡠ࡯ࡦࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦ߅ߌࠆࠗࡦ࠮ࡦ࠹ࠖࡉߩዉ౉ߥߤ‫ޔ‬൮᜝⊛ߥࠕࡊࡠ࡯
࠴ࠍㅢߓߡ‫☨ోޔ‬ฦ࿾ߦ߅ߌࠆࡉࡠ࡯࠼ࡃࡦ࠼ߩ᥉෸ࠍଦㅴߔࠆ‫ޕ‬

1.1.2.

⼏ຬᤨઍߩᛩ␿ᱧ

ࠝࡃࡑᄢ⛔㗔ߪ╙ 109 ⼏ળ㧔ળᦼ㧦2005 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 3 ᣣ㨪2007 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 3 ᣣ㧕‫ ╙ޔ‬110 ⼏ળ㧔ળᦼ
ߪ 2007 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 4 ᣣ㨪2009 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 3 ᣣ‫ޕ‬ૉߒ‫ޔ‬11 ᦬ 4 ᣣߩᄢ⛔㗔ㆬߦൎ೑ߒߚߚ߼‫ޔ‬11 ᦬ 16ᣣઃߢㄉ⡯㧕ߢࠗ࡝ࡁࠗᎺㆬ಴ߩ਄㒮⼏ຬߣߒߡᵴേߒߚ‫ޕ‬਄⸥ߩᄢ⛔㗔ㆬ᜼ᚢਛߩ౏⚂ߦ߽޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ࡑࡃࠝޔ‬ᄢ⛔㗔ߪਛዊડᬺᣉ╷ߦⓍᭂ⊛ߢ޽ࠅ‫⼏ޔ‬ຬᤨઍߦ߽ᄙߊߩਛዊડᬺ㑐ㅪ
ᴺ᩺ߩᴺ೙ൻࠍᡰᜬߒߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ਅ⴫ 1 ߣ⴫ 2 ߦ‫ ╙ޔ‬109 ⼏ળߣ╙ 110 ⼏ળߦ߅޿ߡᚑ┙ߒߚਥⷐߥਛዊડᬺᴺ᩺ߦኻߔࠆࠝࡃࡑ਄㒮⼏ຬ㧔ᒰᤨ㧕ߩᛩ␿ᱧࠍ߹ߣ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߥ߅╙ 110 ⼏ળߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢ⛔㗔ㆬ᜼Ḱ஻ߩߚ߼ࠝࡃࡑ⼏ຬ㧔ᒰᤨ㧕ߩᛩ␿ᱧߦߪ᫈ᮭ߇ᄙߊ⷗
ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄢ⛔㗔ߦ┙୥⵬ߒߚ⼏ຬߦࠃࠆ╙ 110 ⼏ળߩ᫈ᮭ₸ߪイਗߺ㜞ߊ‫ࡑࡃࠝޔ‬᳁ߩ᫈ᮭ₸6ਛዊડᬺᐡ߇᳃㑆ߩࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯ࡈࠔࡦ࠼ߦ⾗㊄ࠍឭଏߒ‫⾗ޔ‬㊄ࠍฃߌขߞߚᯏ㑐߇ਛዊડᬺߦኻߒߡⲢ⾗ߥߤࠍⴕ߁ࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓ‫ߪ⚦⹦ޕ‬ᓟឝ‫ޕ‬7(%%̌
6GNGEQOOWPKECVKQPU#EVQH̍JVVRYYYHEEIQXVGNGEQOJVON
8
ㅢାᴺߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ㅢାᬺ⇇ߩ┹ว⁁ᴫߥߤࠍቯᦼ⊛ߦ⷗⋥ߔߎߣ߇ⷙቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
9TV ዪߥߤߩᚲ᦭⠪߇↵ᕈ߿᰷Ꮊ♽ߩੱ⒳ߦ㓸ਛߒߡ޿ࠆ໧㗴‫(ޕ‬TGG2TGUU̌1WVQH6JG2icture 2007:/KPQTKV[(GOCNG685VCVKQP1YPGTUJKRKPVJG7PKVGF5VCVGU̍
http://www.freepress.net/files/otp2007.pdf

5ߪ 46.3%‫౒ޔ‬๺ౄᄢ⛔㗔୥⵬ߢ޽ߞߚ࡚ࠫࡦ࡮ࡑࠤࠗࡦ਄㒮⼏ຬ㧔John McCain‫࠽࠱࡝ࠕޔ‬Ꮊㆬ಴㧕ߩ᫈ᮭ₸ߪ 63.9%ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ10‫ޕ‬
⴫ 1
ಽ㊁╙ 109 ⼏ળߦ߅ߌࠆਥߥਛዊડᬺ㑐ㅪᴺߣࠝࡃࡑ᳁ߩᛩ␿ࠝࡃࡑ⼏ຬ㧔ᒰᤨ㧕ߩᛩ
␿
⾥ᚑ12

ᴺᓞ

᭎ⷐ

ᐕ㊄

2006 ᐕᐕ㊄଻⼔ᴺ㧔Pension Protection
Act of 2006‫ޔ‬P.L.109-280㧕11ਛዊⷙᮨߩ㓹↪ਥ߇☨ᐕ
㊄⛎ઃ଻⸽౏␠ߦᡰᛄ߁
଻㒾ᢱߩ਄㒢㗵ࠍ⸳ቯ⺞㆐☨࿖㒽਄੤ㅢ㐳ᦼᴺ㧔SAFETEA-LU: Safe,
Accountable, Flexible, Efficient
Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy
for Users‫ޔ‬P.L.109-59㧕
2005 ᐕ㒐ⴡ࡮ኻ࠹ࡠࠣࡠ̆ࡃ࡞ᚢ੎࡮ᵤᵄᢇᷣߦ㑐ߔࠆ✕ᕆ⵬ᱜᱦ಴੍▚ᴺ
㧔Emergency Supplemental
Appropriations Act for Defense, theGlobal War on Terror, and Tsunami
Relief, 2005‫ޔ‬P.L.109-13㧕14
2006 ᐕౝോ⋭࡮ⅣႺ࡮㑐ㅪ⋭ᐡᱦ಴ᴺ
㧔Department of the Interior,
Environment, and Related Agencies
Appropriations Act, 2006‫ޔ‬P.L.10954㧕16㜞ㅦ㆏〝ା⸤ၮ㊄ߩ৻ㇱࠍਛዊડᬺᡰេߦ೑↪

⾥ᚑ13ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯⋭ߦࠃࠆਛዊ
ડᬺ߳ߩᆔ⸤ߩታᘒࠍ᷹
ቯߔࠆߚ߼ߩᚻᴺ⸳ቯࠍ
㐿ᆎ

⾥ᚑ15

ᱦ಴ᴺߢቯ߼ࠄࠇߚ੍▚ߩၫⴕߦ޽ߚߞߡ‫ޔ‬ዊⷙᮨ/㔖⚦ડᬺ߆ࠄ⺞㆐ߔࠆߎߣࠍㄘോ⋭ߣౝോ⋭ߦኻߒߡᅑബ

⾥ᚑ1710ࡢࠪࡦ࠻ࡦࡐࠬ࠻‫ޔ‬110 ⼏ળᛩ␿⸥㍳: http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/110/senate/votemissers/
11
Public Law 109-280 ోᢥ㧦http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ280.10912਄㒮ὐ๭ᛩ␿㧔Roll Call㧕⸥㍳ࠃࠅ㧦
http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=109&session=
2&vote=00230
13਄㒮ὐ๭ᛩ␿㧔Roll Call㧕⸥㍳ࠃࠅ㧦
http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=109&session=
1&vote=00125
14
Public Law 109-13 ోᢥ㧦http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ013.109
15਄㒮ὐ๭ᛩ␿㧔Roll Call㧕⸥㍳ࠃࠅ㧦
http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=109&session=
1&vote=00117
16
http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ054.109
17਄㒮ὐ๭ᛩ␿㧔Roll Call㧕⸥㍳ࠃࠅ㧦
http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=109&session=
1&vote=00168

6

ಽ㊁

ᴺᓞ

᭎ⷐ

2006 ᐕㆇャ⋭࡮⽷ോ⋭࡮૑ቛㇺᏒ㐿⊒
ᐡ࡮มᴺ⋭࡮ࠦࡠࡦࡆࠕ․೎඙࡮ߘߩઁ
⁛┙♽ቭᐡᱦ಴੍▚ᴺ㧔Transportation,
Treasury, Housing and Urban
Development, the Judiciary, theDistrict of Columbia, and Independent
Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006‫ޔ‬
P.L.109-115㧕
ㇷଢᡷ㕟ᴺ㧔Postal Accountability andEnhancement Act‫ޔ‬P.L.109-435㧕19

ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭᯏ㑐ߩ಴ᒛᚻ⛯߈ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬eTravel ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ‫ޔߡ޿ߟߦޠ‬ਅ⺧⺞㆐㗵ߩ߁ߜᦨૐ 23%ࠍਛዊડᬺߦഀᒰߡࠆ

2005 ᐕ☨⥶ⓨቝቮዪ⹺นᴺ㧔National
Aeronautics and Space Administration
Authorization Act of 2005‫ޔ‬P.L.109155㧕
2006 ᐕㅌᓎァੱ⛎ઃ㊄࡮ࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕ࡮IT
ᴺ㧔Veterans Benefits, Health Care,and Information Technology Act of2006‫ޔ‬P.L.109-461㧕ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯᡽╷ᴺ㧔Energy Policy Act
of 2005‫ޔ‬P.L.109-58㧕23

18

ࠝࡃࡑ⼏ຬ
㧔ᒰᤨ㧕ߩᛩ␿⾥ᚑ18ㇷଢ౏␠ߦኻߒߡਛዊડ
ᬺߣߩర⺧෸߮ਅ⺧ᄾ⚂⁁ᴫߦ㑐ߔࠆႎ๔ࠍ⟵ോ
ઃߌࠆ
NASA ߩਛዊડᬺ߆ࠄߩ⺞㆐ઙᢙ෸߮ᄾ⚂㗵ࠍㆡಾߥ▸࿐ߢჇട

⾥ᚑ20ㅌᓎァੱ⋭ߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ㅌᓎァੱ߇⚻༡ߔࠆਛዊડ
ᬺ߆ࠄߩ⺞㆐⋡ᮡઙᢙࠍᲤᐕᐲ⸳ቯߔࠆߎߣࠍ⟵ോઃߌࠆ⋭ࠛࡀ࡮ౣ↢น⢻ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߩዉ౉࡮⵾ㅧߦ㑐ߒߡਛዊડᬺࠍᡰេ

⾥ᚑ22

⾥ᚑ21

⾥ᚑ24

਄㒮ὐ๭ᛩ␿㧔Roll Call㧕⸥㍳ࠃࠅ㧦
http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=109&session=
1&vote=00264
19
Public Law 109-435 ోᢥ㧦http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ435.109
20
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act 㧔H.R. 6407㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱ
ႎࠃࠅ
2006 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 9 ᣣోળ৻⥌ߦࠃࠅน᳿‫ޕ‬
21
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act
of 2005 㧔S.1281㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ
2006 ᐕ 9 ᦬ 28 ᣣోળ৻⥌ߦࠃࠅน᳿‫ޕ‬
22
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Veterans Benefits, Health Care, and Information Technology Act
of 2006 㧔S.3421㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ
2006 ᐕ 9 ᦬ 26 ᣣోળ৻⥌ߦࠃࠅน᳿‫ޕ‬
23
Public Law 109-58 ోᢥ㧦http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ058.109
24਄㒮ὐ๭ᛩ␿㧔Roll Call㧕⸥㍳ࠃࠅ㧦
http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=109&session=
1&vote=00158

7

ಽ㊁

ᴺᓞ

᭎ⷐ

ἴኂᡰេ

ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆἴኂᡰេࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠ
ࠣ࡜ࡓߘߩઁߩߚ߼ߩ 2006 ᐕᐲ⵬ᱜ੍▚ᴺ㧔Making supplemental
appropriations for fiscal year 2006
for the Small Business
Administration's disaster loans
program, and for other purposes.
P.L.109-174㧕25
2006 ᐕࡑࠣ࠽࠰ࡦ㧙 ࠬ࠹ࠖ࡯ࡉࡦ࠭㝼㘃଻ో࡮▤ℂౣ᝼ᮭᴺ㧔Magnuson-Stevens
Fishery Conservation and Management
Reauthorization Act of 2006‫ޔ‬P.L.109479㧕27
2005 ᐕ⎕↥Ử↪㒐ᱛ߅ࠃ߮ᶖ⾌⠪଻⼔ᴺ
㧔Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention andConsumer Protection Act of 2005‫ޔ‬
P.L.109-8㧕

ἴኂᡰេࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ
࡜ࡓߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬7 ం
1,200 ਁ࠼࡞ߩ੍▚ࠍㅊ
ട

2006 ᐕャ಴౉㌁ⴕౣ᝼ᮭᴺ㧔ExportImport Bank Reauthorization Act of2006‫ޔ‬P.L.109-438㧕ャ಴౉㌁ⴕߦࠃࠆਛዊડ
ᬺᡰេᯏ⢻ࠍᒝൻ

ᶖ⾌⠪଻⼔

࿖㓙⾏ᤃ

25

ࠝࡃࡑ⼏ຬ
㧔ᒰᤨ㧕ߩᛩ␿⾥ᚑ26ࡔࠠࠪࠦḧ࿾ၞߩਛዊડ
ᬺߦኻߔࠆࡂ࡝ࠤ࡯ࡦⵍ
ኂᡰេ

⾥ᚑ28

ਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆୟ↥ᚻ⛯
߈ࠍ෩ᩰൻ

෻ኻ29
㧔☨࿖Ꮢ᳃ߦ
ࠃࠆࠢ࡟ࠫ࠶
࠻ࠞ࡯࠼⽶ௌ
ߩ㄰ᷣ߇ࠃࠅ
࿎㔍ߦߥࠆߣ
޿߁ℂ↱30‫ޕ‬㧕⾥ᚑ31

Public Law 109-174 ోᢥ㧦http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ174.109
26
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Veterans Benefits, Health Care, and Information Technology Act
of 2006 㧔S.3421㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ
27
Public Law 109-479 ోᢥ㧦http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ479.109
28 Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management
Reauthorization Act of 2006 㧔H.R.5946㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ‫ޕ‬2006 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 7 ᣣోળ৻⥌ߦࠃࠅน᳿‫ޕ‬29਄㒮ὐ๭ᛩ␿㧔Roll Call㧕⸥㍳ࠃࠅ㧦
http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=109&session=
1&vote=00044
౒๺ౄ⼏ຬߪ৻ᓞ⾥ᚑ‫ޔ‬᳃ਥౄ⼏ຬߩ⚂ඨᢙ߇⾥ᚑߣ෻ኻߦಽⵚߒߚ‫ߦߺߥߜޕ‬ᒰᤨ࠺࡜࠙ࠚࠕᎺㆬ಴਄㒮⼏ຬߛߞߚ⃻೽ᄢ⛔㗔ߩࡃࠗ࠺ࡦ᳁ߪ⾥ᚑᵷߦ࿁ߞߡ޿ߚ߇‫ࠕࠚ࠙࡜࠺ޔ‬Ꮊ࠙ࠖ࡞ࡒࡦ࠻ࡦᏒߪో☨ߢᄙߊߩࠢ
࡟ࠫ࠶࠻ࠞ࡯࠼ળ␠߇ᧄㇱࠍ⟎ߊ㊄ⲢㇺᏒߣߒߡ⍮ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬30
̌Obama/Biden -- .GHV#PF.GHVGT̍http://ljilja.info/m_ViewAll.aspx?sp_id=586
31
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Export-Import Bank Reauthorization Act of 2006 㧔S. 3938㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ‫ޕ‬
2006 ᐕ 9 ᦬ 30 ᣣోળ৻⥌ߦࠃࠅน᳿‫ޕ‬

8

ಽ㊁
ߘߩઁ

ᴺᓞ

᭎ⷐ

2006 ᐕ⑼ቇ㑐ㅪ⋭ᐡ࡮࿖ോ࡮มᴺ࡮໡ോ
ฦ⋭ᱦ಴ᴺ㧔Science, State, Justice,Commerce, and Related Agencies
Appropriations Act, 2006‫ޔ‬P.L.109108㧕32

࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕߿ᄢቇ╬‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺࠍᡰេߔࠆ࿅૕߿
ᯏ㑐ߦഥᚑ㊄ࠍ੤ઃࠝࡃࡑ⼏ຬ㧔ᒰᤨ㧕ߩᛩ
␿⾥ᚑ33಴ᚲ㧦ฦ⒳⾗ᢱࠍ߽ߣߦ૞ᚑ
⴫ 2
ಽ㊁
⺞㆐

╙ 110 ⼏ળߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺ㑐ㅪਥⷐᴺࠝࡃࡑ⼏ຬ㧔ᒰᤨ㧕ߩᛩ
␿
⾥ᚑ34

ᴺᓞ

᭎ⷐ

2008 ᐕ੍஻౓෸߮ㅌᓎァੱߦࠃࠆਛዊડ
ᬺౣ᝼ᮭਗ߮ߦᯏળᒝൻᴺ㧔Military
Reservist and Veteran Small Business
Reauthorization and Opportunity Act
of 2008‫ޔ‬P.L.110-186㧕ㅌᓎァੱ߇⚻༡ߔࠆડᬺ
෸߮ਛዊડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ⺞㆐ࠍᒝൻ

FY2008 ᐕ࿖㒐ౣ᝼ᮭᴺ㧔National
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal
Year 2008‫ޔ‬P.L.110-181㧕

ਛዊડᬺߩㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ⺞㆐⋡ᮡߩᜰᮡߦ‫ࠗࡢࡂޟޔ‬Ꮊ಴り⠪߿ࠕ࡜ࠬࠞᎺ಴
り⠪߇⚻༡ߔࠆਛዊડ
ᬺ‫ࠍޠ‬ㅊട

᫈ᮭ㧔2008ᐕ 1 ᦬ 22ᣣ㧕35

2008 ᐕㅌᓎァੱᐕ㊄ᡷༀᴺ㧔Veterans'
Benefits Improvement Act of 2008‫ޔ‬
P.L.110-389㧕ㅌᓎァੱ⋭ߦ߅ߌࠆㅌᓎ
ァੱߩ⚻༡ߔࠆਛዊડᬺ
߆ࠄߩ⺞㆐ࠍᒝൻ

⾥ᚑ36

32

Public Law 109-108 ోᢥ㧦http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ108.109
33
਄㒮ὐ๭ᛩ␿㧔Roll Call㧕⸥㍳ࠃࠅ㧦
http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=109&session=
1&vote=00235
34
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Military Reservist and Veteran Small Business Reauthorization
and Opportunity Act of 2008 㧔H.R.4253㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ‫ޕ‬2007 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 31 ᣣోળ৻⥌ߦࠃࠅน᳿‫ޕ‬35਄㒮ὐ๭ᛩ␿㧔Roll Call㧕⸥㍳ࠃࠅ㧦
http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=110&session=
2&vote=00001
36
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Veterans' Benefits Improvement Act of 2008 㧔S.3023㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎ
ࠃࠅ‫ޕ‬
2008 ᐕ 9 ᦬ 27 ᣣోળ৻⥌ߦࠃࠅน᳿‫ޕ‬

9

ಽ㊁

ᴺᓞ

᭎ⷐ

ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯

2007 ᐕࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯⥄┙࡮቟ో଻㓚ᴺ
㧔Energy Independence and Security
Act of 2007 : EISA‫ޔ‬P.L.110-140㧕⋭ࠛࡀ⵾ຠ߿ᛛⴚߩ㐿⊒‫ޔ‬ᛩ⾗‫⺞ޔ‬㆐ࠍᡰេߔ
ࠆߚ߼ߩࡠ࡯ࡦ߿ഥᚑ㊄ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍਛዊડᬺᐡ
߇ታᣉ

⋭ࠛࡀ࡮ἴ
ኂᡰេ

2008 ᐕㄘᬺᴺ㧔Food, Conservation, andEnergy Act of 2008‫ ޔ‬P.L. 110-234㧕

ㄘኅ߿ㄘ᧛ㇱߩਛዊડᬺ
ߦ߅ߌࠆ⋭ࠛࡀ෸߮ౣ↢น⢻ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯㐿⊒ࠍផㅴἴኂᡰេ

2008 ᐕㄘᬺᴺ㧔Food, Conservation, andEnergy Act of 2008‫ޔ‬P.L. 110-246㧕40

ਛዊડᬺἴኂᡰេࡠ࡯
ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍᡷᱜ
ߒ‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣ⊛៊ኂἴኂࡠ࡯
ࡦࠍ᳃㑆㕖༡೑ᯏ㑐߳ㆡ↪
ਛዊડᬺᐡ߳ߩ✕ᕆ⵬ᱜ੍▚ߩഀࠅᒰߡࠍⷙቯ

ἴኂᡰេ

2008 ᐕ 9 ᦬ 30 ᣣߦ⚳ੌߔࠆᐕᐲ㧔2007ᐕᐲ㧕࿖࿯቟ో଻㓚⋭੍▚෸߮ߘߩઁ⋡⊛ߩߚ߼ߩᴺᓞ㧔Making appropriations
for the Department of Homeland
Security for the fiscal year ending
September 30, 2008, and for otherpurposes. ‫ޔ‬P.L. 110-329㧕

37

ࠝࡃࡑ⼏ຬ
㧔ᒰᤨ㧕ߩᛩ
␿⾥ᚑ㧔2007ᐕ 6 ᦬ 21
ᣣ㧕37
᫈ᮭ㧔2007ᐕ 12 ᦬ 13ᣣ㧕38᫈ᮭ㧔2007ᐕ 12 ᦬ 14ᣣ‫ޔ‬2008 ᐕ 5
᦬ 15 ᣣ‫ޔ‬ห
21 ᣣ㧕39
᫈ᮭ㧔2008ᐕ 6 ᦬ 5 ᣣ㧕41

᫈ᮭ㧔2008ᐕ 9 ᦬ 27ᣣ㧕42਄㒮ὐ๭ᛩ␿㧔Roll Call㧕⸥㍳ࠃࠅ㧦
http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=110&session=
1&vote=00226
38਄㒮ὐ๭ᛩ␿㧔Roll Call㧕⸥㍳ࠃࠅ㧦
http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=110&session=
1&vote=00430
39਄㒮ὐ๭ᛩ␿㧔Roll Call㧕⸥㍳ࠃࠅ㧦
http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=110&session=
1&vote=00434
http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=110&session=
2&vote=00130
http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=110&session=
2&vote=00140
40‫ޟ‬2008 ᐕㄘᬺᴺ㧔Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008㧕‫ߣޠ‬๭߫ࠇࠆᴺᓞ߇ 2 ઙ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ౝኈߪ⇣ߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬41਄㒮ὐ๭ᛩ␿㧔Roll Call㧕⸥㍳ࠃࠅ㧦
http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=110&session=
2&vote=00144
42਄㒮ὐ๭ᛩ␿㧔Roll Call㧕⸥㍳ࠃࠅ㧦
http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=110&session=
2&vote=00208

10

ಽ㊁

ߘߩઁ

ᴺᓞ

᭎ⷐ

2008 ᐕ 9 ᦬ 30 ᣣߦ⚳ੌߔࠆᐕᐲ㧔2007ᐕᐲ㧕ァ㑐ㅪᣉ⸳ᑪ⸳‫ޔ‬ㅌᓎァੱ⋭‫ߘޔ‬ߩઁ㑐ㅪ⋭ᐡ੍▚ਗ߮ߦߘߩઁ⋡⊛ߩߚ߼ ߩ ᴺ ᓞ 㧔 Making appropriations formilitary construction, the Department
of Veterans Affairs, and related
agencies for the fiscal year ending
September 30, 2008, and for otherpurposes. ‫ޔ‬P.L.110-140㧕☨࿖┹੎ജᴺ㧔America COMPETES Act‫ޔ‬
P.L. 110-69㧕ਛዊડᬺᐡߩἴኂᡰេࡠ
࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߳ߩ⵬
ᱜ੍▚ߩഀࠅᒰߡࠍⷙቯ

☨࿖ᮡḰᛛⴚዪ߇ታᣉߔ
ࠆ⵾ㅧ᜛ᒛࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ࠪ
࠶ࡊߩ⻁໧ᯏ㑐ߩࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߦਛዊ⵾ㅧ੐ᬺ⠪ࠍෳടߐߖࠆߎߣࠍⷙቯࠝࡃࡑ⼏ຬ㧔ᒰᤨ㧕ߩᛩ
␿
⾥ᚑ43

⾥ᚑ44

಴ᚲ㧦ฦ⒳⾗ᢱࠍ߽ߣߦ૞ᚑ
1.2ࠝࡃࡑ᡽ᮭߦ߅޿ߡណ↪ߐࠇߚᣂਛዊડᬺ᡽╷ࠝࡃࡑ᡽ᮭߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺ᡽╷ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩ⾗㊄⺞㆐‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ⺞㆐‫ޔ‬ᷫ⒢ភ⟎ߥߤߩ⾗㊄⊛ᡰេ߿‫ޔ‬ャ಴ᝄ⥝‫࡯ࠡ࡞ࡀࠛޔ‬ᶖ⾌߿ࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕߦដ߆ࠆࠦࠬ࠻೥ᷫߩߚ߼ߩขࠅ
⚵ߺߥߤ‫ޔ‬ᄙ⒳ᄙ᭽ߥࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߿ࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠴ࡉ߇㑐ଥ⋭ᐡߩਥዉ෸߮ㅪ៤ߩਅⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬એਅߦ‫⾗ޔ‬㊄㕙ߢߩᡰេ╷෸߮ャ಴ᝄ⥝╷ߦߟ޿ߡ⚫੺ߔࠆ45‫ޕ‬㧨⾗㊄⊛ᡰេ㧪ࠝࡃࡑ᡽ᮭ⊒⿷એ᧪‫⽷ޔ‬ോ⋭࡮ਛዊડᬺᐡਥዉߩਛዊડᬺ᡽╷ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ฦ⒳⾗㊄⺞㆐ⅣႺߩᡷༀ‫ޔ‬ᷫ⒢ភ⟎‫⺞ޔ‬㆐ᒝൻߦ㑐ߔࠆᣉ╷߇ዷ㐿ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔⴫ 3 ෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬⴫ 3 ࠝࡃࡑ᡽ᮭਅߩਛዊડᬺ᡽╷ 㧙 ฦ⒳⾗㊄⺞㆐⁁ᴫߩᡷༀ‫ޔ‬ᷫ⒢ភ⟎‫⺞ޔ‬㆐ᒝൻ
ಽ㊁
᡽╷ߩ᭎ⷐ
ᜂᒰ⋭ᐡ
⾗㊄⺞㆐ ਛዊડᬺᐡ߇ᓥ᧪߆ࠄⴕߞߡ߈ߚฦ⒳ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ ਛዊડᬺᐡ㧔6.1.2
࡜ࡓߩᒝൻ‫ޕ‬
ࠍෳᾖ㧕
ⅣႺߩ

43

਄㒮ὐ๭ᛩ␿㧔Roll Call㧕⸥㍳ࠃࠅ㧦
http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=110&session=
2&vote=00162
44
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ America COMPETES Act 㧔H.R.2272㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ‫ ޕ‬2007 ᐕ 7 ᦬ 19ᣣోળ৻⥌ߦࠃࠅน᳿‫ޕ‬45ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯෸߮ࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕߦ߅ߌࠆขࠅ⚵ߺߪ 6 ┨ෳᾖ‫ޕ‬

11

ಽ㊁
ᡷༀ

᡽╷ߩ᭎ⷐ
࠮ࠞࡦ࠳࡝࡯࡮ࡑ࡯ࠤ࠶࠻ߩᵹേᕈ࿁ᓳߦะߌ‫࡯࠲ޟޔ‬ࡓ‛⾗↥ᜂ଻⸽೛⾉಴೙ᐲ㧔TALF: Term Asset-Backed
Securities Loan Facility㧕‫ޠ‬46 ࠍ↪޿ߡਛዊડᬺᐡ଻⸽
ᜂ଻⸽೛ࠍ⋥ធ⾼౉‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬ਇ⦟⾗↥ᢇᷣࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔Troubled Assets Relief
Program: TARP㧕‫ޠ‬47ߦࠃࠆᢇᷣភ⟎ࠍฃߌߚᄢᚻ 22 ␠ߩ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚⲢ⾗⁁ᴫߩႎ๔ࠍ 2010 ᐕ߆ࠄ⟵ോߠߌࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺ߳ߩⲢ⾗ࠍᦝߦჇടߐߖࠆߴߊ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߦ
ࠃࠆⲢ⾗଻⸽଻⸽₸࡮㗵ࠍᒁ߈਄ߍࠆ‫ߩ⥸৻ޔߚ߹ޕ‬㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐߆ࠄߩⲢ⾗߇࿎㔍ߥડᬺߦኻߒߡⲢ⾗ࠍⴕ߁ࠦࡒ
ࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ㐿⊒㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐㧔CDFIs: Community Development
Financial Institutions㧕ߦૐࠦࠬ࠻ߢ⾗ᧄࠍឭଏߔࠆ
ߚ߼ߩขࠅ⚵ߺࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬ᷫ⒢ਛዊડᬺߩ․೎ᷫଔఘළߩㆡ↪ᑧ㐳‫ޕ‬ᰳ៊㊄ߩ➅ᚯㆶઃᦼ㑆ࠍ 5 ᐕ㑆ߦᑧ㐳‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺ㑐ㅪߩᩣࠍ⾼౉ߒ‫ޔ‬5 ᐕ㑆ᄁළߒߥ߆ߞߚᛩ⾗ኅߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᒰ⹥ᩣߩᄁළ⋉ߩ 75%ࠍࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞ࠥࠗࡦ
⺖⒢ߩኻ⽎ᄖߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬੍ቯ⚊⒢㗵㧔estimated tax㧕⺖⒢₸ࠍㅢᏱߪ೨ᐕᐲ⚊⒢㗵ߩ 110%ߩᚲ‫ޔ‬90%ߦᒁ߈ਅߍ‫ޕ‬⺞㆐᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺ㧔American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
of 2009㧕ߢቯ߼ࠄࠇߚㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ⺞㆐੍▚ߩ߁ߜ‫ޔ‬26.7%
ߪਛዊડᬺߦഀࠅᒰߡࠆ‫ޕ‬ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ⺞㆐ߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺ㧔ర⺧ᬺ⠪㧕ߦࠃࠆฃᵈഀว⋡ᮡࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬໡ോ⋭ߣਛዊડᬺᐡ߇వዉߒ
ߡታᣉߔࠆขࠅ⚵ߺߢ޽ࠆ‫࠻࠙ࠕ࡮࡯࠳࡞ࡎࠢࠗ࠹ࠬޟ‬࡝ ࡯ ࠴ ࡮ࠗ ࠾ ࠪ ࠕ࠴ ࡉ 㧔 SOI: Stakeholders Outreach
Initiative㧕‫ߩޠ‬ታᣉ‫ޕ‬48
಴ᚲ㧦⽷ോ⋭46ᜂᒰ⋭ᐡ
⽷ോ⋭㧔4.1 ࠍෳᾖ㧕⽷ോ⋭㧔4.1 ࠍෳᾖ㧕ਛዊડᬺᐡ෸߮ ⽷ോ⋭
㧔6.1.2 ࠍෳᾖ㧕

⽷ോ⋭ౝ࿖ᱦ౉ᐡ
ห਄
ห਄

ห਄
⋭ᐡᮮᢿ⊛

໡ോ⋭࡮ਛዊડᬺᐡ
㧔6.2.2 ࠍෳᾖ㧕

TALF ߪ‫ޔ‬2008 ᐕ 11 ᦬ 24 ᣣ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌Ḱ஻೙ᐲℂ੐ળߩోળ৻⥌᳿⼏ߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌Ḱ஻ᴺ࠮࡚ࠢࠪࡦ 13(3)㧔Section 13(3) of the Federal Reserve Act: 75%h ߦၮߠ߈⸳┙ߐࠇߚ‫↥⾗ޕ‬ᜂ଻⸽೛
㧔Asset Back Securities: ABS㧕ߩ⊒ⴕࠍଦㅴߒ‫ޔ‬ABS Ꮢ႐ⅣႺࠍᡷༀߔࠆ੐ߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ᶖ⾌⠪෸߮ਛዊડᬺߩ
ਈା࠾࡯࠭ߦᔕ߃‫ޔ‬㊄ⲢᏒ႐ᡰេࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬಴ᚲ㧦ㅪ㌁ ̌4GRQTV2WTUWCPVVQ5GEVKQPQHVJG Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008:
Term Asset-BacMGF5GEWTKVKGU.QCP(CEKNKV[̍:
http://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/files/129talf.pdf
47
TARP ߪ 2008 ᐕ✕ᕆ⚻ᷣ቟ቯൻᴺ㧔EESA: Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008㧕ߩਅ‫☨ޔ‬࿖㊄Ⲣࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ┙ߡ⋥ߒࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ⸳┙ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᒰೋߪਇ⦟⾗↥ߩ⾈ขࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ޿ߚ߇‫⚻ޔ‬༡ߩᖡൻߒߚ
ડᬺߦኻߔࠆ౏⊛⾗㊄ᛩ౉ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
಴ᚲ㧦FinancialStability.gov‫̌ޔ‬What is EESA?̍㧦
http://www.financialstability.gov/roadtostability/programs.htm; http://www.portfolio.com/newsmarkets/top-5/2008/12/10/TARP-Hearing/48
FinancialStability.gov㧔2009 ᐕ 11 ᦬ 18 ᣣ㧕̌Treasury, SBA host small business financing

12ࠝࡃࡑ᡽ᮭ߇⊒⿷ᤨ߆ࠄၫⴕߒߡ߈ߚਛዊડᬺ᡽╷ߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩ⾗ᧄ⺞㆐ߩⅣႺߩ࿁ᓳࠍ
╙৻ߦ⋡ᜰߒߚ߽ߩߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆฦ⒳ା↪଻⸽࡮㊄Ⲣᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᒝ
ൻߣ‫⽷ޔ‬ോ⋭ਥዉߦࠃࠆᷫ⒢ភ⟎ߥߤ߇ਗⴕߒߡㅴ߼ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓᒝ
ൻߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ੍▚࡮Ⲣ⾗଻⸽㗵㧔₸㧕╬ߩᒁ߈਄ߍ߿‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ARC ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔Americảs Recovery Capital Loan Program㧕‫ޠ‬49ߩᣂ⸳ߥߤ߇᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ50‫⽷ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ോ⋭ਥዉߩ㊄Ⲣ᡽╷ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙ2009 ᐕ 2 ᦬ߦ⊒⴫
ߐࠇߚ㊄Ⲣ቟ቯൻ⸘↹ߩਅ‫ߩ࠻࠶ࠤ࡯ࡑ࡮࡯࡝࠳ࡦࠞ࠮ޔ‬ಓ⚿⸃㒰ߦะߌߚਛዊડᬺᐡࡠ࡯ࡦ
ᜂ଻⸽೛ߩ⽷ോ⋭ߦࠃࠆ⋥ធ⾼౉‫ޔ‬ԙ᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߦၮߠߊ൮᜝⊛ᷫ⒢ភ⟎ߩੑߟ߇ਔベߣߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩ⾗ᧄᵹേᕈߩ࿁ᓳࠍ࿑ߞߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬㧨ャ಴ᝄ⥝╷㧪ャ಴ਥዉߦࠃࠆ☨࿖⚻ᷣߩᚑ㐳ࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆࠝࡃࡑ᡽ᮭߩਅ 51 ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ㅢ໡ઍ⴫ㇱ㧔USTR㧦
United States Trade Representative㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬2009 ᐕ 10 ᦬‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩャ಴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ࠾࡯࠭ߦ
ࠃࠅലᨐ⊛ߦኻᔕߔࠆߴߊ‫☨ޔ‬࿖࿖㓙⾏ᤃᆔຬળ㧔ITC: International Trade Commission㧕ߦኻߒ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ਛዊડᬺߩ⾏ᤃߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏࠍⷐ⺧ߒߚ‫⺞ߩߎޕ‬ᩏߪએਅߩ 3 ߟߩᚻ㗅ߢㅴ߼ࠄ
ࠇࠆ52‫ޕ‬Ԙ ☨࿖ਛዊડᬺߩャ಴ຠ⋡ߣャ಴వߦ㑐ߔࠆ࠺࡯࠲ࠍขࠅ߹ߣ߼ࠆԙ ☨࿖ਛዊડᬺߩャ಴ታ❣ߣઁߩਥⷐ⾏ᤃ⋧ᚻ࿖ߩਛዊડᬺߩታ❣ࠍᲧセߔࠆԚ ਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩャ಴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ࠺࡯࠲߿‫ޔ‬ᄢડᬺߣਛዊડᬺߩ㆑޿‫⾏ޔ‬ᤃ㓚ოߦߟ޿ߡಽᨆ‫ޔ‬ขࠅ߹ߣ߼ࠆ
2010 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 19 ᣣ‫ޔ‬਄⸥ߩ╙ 1 Ბ㓏⋡ߩႎ๔ᦠߣߥࠆ‫ޟޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߣ☨࿖ャ಴㧔Small andMedium Sized Enterprises:Overview of Participation in U.S. Exports㧕‫޿ߡࠇߐ⴫⊒߇ޠ‬
ࠆ53‫⚳ᦨޕ‬Ბ㓏ߩႎ๔ᦠߪ 2010 ᐕ 10 ᦬߹ߢߦቢᚑߔࠆ੍ቯߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ54‫ޕ‬ㅢ໡ઍ⴫ㇱߦࠃࠆャ಴ᝄ⥝ߩขࠅ⚵ߺߩ⢛᥊ߦߪ‫ࠬࡆ࡯ࠨ࡮⽷ޔ‬ਔ㕙ߩャ಴ࠍᚑ㐳ߐߖࠆߣ౒ߦ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ౝߢߩ㓹↪ࠍ᜛ᄢߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫☨ޔ‬࿖⚻ᷣ߿㓹↪ഃ಴ߩၮᐙߢ޽ࠆਛዊડᬺࠍᡰេߔ
ࠆ੐߇ㅢ໡ઍ⴫ㇱߩ⽿ോߛߣ޿߁⠨߃ᣇ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ㅢ໡ઍ⴫ㇱߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆャ಴ߩ⃻⁁߿
࠾࡯࠭55 ࠍᛠីߒ‫ઁޔ‬࿖ߣߩ⾏ᤃදቯ✦⚿ߩ㓙ߦ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߦ᦭⋉ߣߥࠆ੤ᷤࠍⴕ߁ᆫ൓ࠍ⷗
forum̍㧦http://www.financialstability.gov/latest/tg_11182009.html
49ਛዊડᬺߩᬺോ቟ቯൻࠍ⋡⊛ߦ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ߇᳃㑆㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ࠍㅢߓߡⲢ⾗ࠍⴕ߁‫ߪ⚦⹦ޕ‬ᓟឝ‫ޕ‬50
᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺᐡࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᒝൻߦߟ޿ߡߪ 6.1.2 ࠍෳᾖ‫ޕ‬51ࡎࡢࠗ࠻ࡂ࠙ࠬ㧔2009 ᐕ 11 ᦬ 2 ᣣ㧕 ̌4GOCTMUD[VJG2TGUKFGPVFWTKPIVJe meeting of the
2TGUKFGPV U'EQPQOKE4GEQXGT[#FXKUQT[$QCTF̍:
http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/remarks-president-during-meeting-presidents-economicrecovery-advisory-board52ㅢ໡ઍ⴫ㇱߦࠃࠆ ITC ߳ߩⷐ⺧⁁ http://www.ustr.gov/webfm_send/1395
53☨࿖࿖㓙⾏ᤃᆔຬળ㧔ITC㧕
㧔2009 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 19 ᣣ㧕ਛዊડᬺߣ☨࿖ャ಴㧔Small and Medium Sized
Enterprises:Overview of Participation in U.S. Exports㧕:
http://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/pub4125.pdf ႎ๔ᦠߩౝኈߪ 8.3 ߢ߽⚫੺ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬54ㅢ໡ઍ⴫ㇱߦࠃࠆ ITC ߳ߩⷐ⺧⁁ http://www.ustr.gov/webfm_send/1395
55
2010 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 21 ᣣߦㅢ໡ઍ⴫ㇱ߇ਥ௅ߒߚਛዊડᬺャ಴ᝄ⥝ߦ઻߁㓹↪ଦㅴߦ㑐ߔࠆળ⼏ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ㑐ଥ⠪߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ฦ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆᚻ⛯߈ߩ⛔৻࡮◲ᤃൻࠍ㗿߁ჿ߇ᄙߊ⡞߆ࠇߚ‫ޕ‬

13ߖߡ޿ࠆ56‫ࠍࠇߎޕ‬ታ⃻ߐߖࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬2010 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 21 ᣣߦߪ‫ޟޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ࡮Ꮢ႐ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ࡮↥ᬺ┹੎ജᜂᒰㅢ໡ઍ⴫⵬૒ቭ㧔Assistant United States Trade Representative for Small
Business, Market Access, and Industrial Competitiveness㧕‫ߩޠ‬ᓎ⡯ࠍᣂ⸳ߒ‫ޔ‬ㅢ໡ઍ⴫ㇱߩㅢ໡᡽╷߇ਛዊャ಴੐ᬺ⠪ߩ⺖㗴ߦኻᔕߒ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩャ಴ࠍଦㅴߔࠆ߽ߩߦߥࠆࠃ߁⋙〈ߔࠆߣ޿߁ᓎഀࠍ⺖ߒߡ޿ࠆ57 ‫ޔߦᦝޕ‬໡ോ⋭㧔Department of Commerce㧕߿ਛዊડᬺᐡߥߤ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩャ಴ᡰេࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ㑐ㅪ⋭ᐡߣߩㅪ៤ᒝൻߦ߽ขࠅ⚵߻ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ58‫ޕ‬৻ᣇ໡ോ⋭ߪ‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣᚑ㐳ߩේേജߪਛዊડᬺߢ޽ࠅ‫⿠ޔ‬ᬺ 5 ᐕએౝߩ⧯޿ડᬺ߇☨࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ㓹↪ߩᄢඨࠍ⾔ߞߡ޿ࠆߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩᡰេߦⓍᭂ⊛ߢ޽ࠆ59 ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺߦኻߔࠆャ಴ᡰេ߽໡ോ⋭ߩᵴേߩ৻ㇱߢ޽ࠅ‫ ☨ోޔ‬190 ▎ᚲߦ߅ߌࠆࠝࡈࠖࠬࠍㅢߒߡ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߦኻߒ
ߡャ಴ߦ㑐ߔࠆഥ⸒߿ᖱႎߩឭଏ෸߮ャ಴ߢ߈ߘ߁ߥ࿖ߩᏒ႐⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߎޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ࠇࠄߩᡰេࠍฃߌࠆߦߪャ಴ࠍᏗᦸߔࠆਛዊડᬺ߇⥄⊒⊛ߦ໡ോ⋭ߦ໧޿วࠊߖߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄ
ߕ‫ޔ‬ห⋭ߪャ಴ߦ㑐ᔃߩߥ޿ਛዊડᬺߦ߽ャ಴ߩน⢻ᕈࠍᬌ⸛ߒߡ߽ࠄ߁ߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߥ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆߣߺߥߒߡ޿ࠆ60‫ޕ‬ᦝߦਛዊડᬺᐡ߽‫ޔ‬ャ಴ࠍⴕ߁ਛዊડᬺߩᢙࠍჇ߿ߔߎߣ‫ޔ‬෸߮‫ޔ‬ャ಴ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆਛዊડ
ᬺ 1 ␠޽ߚࠅߩャ಴࿖ߩᢙࠍჇ߿ߔߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬એਅߩ 4 Ბ㓏߆ࠄߥࠆャ಴ᝄ⥝ᚢ⇛ࠍᛂߜ಴ߒߡ޿ࠆ61‫ޕ‬Ԙ ャ಴น⢻ߥਛዊડᬺࠍ․ቯߔࠆ㧔ડᬺ߇ਛዊડᬺᐡߦ໧޿วࠊߖࠆߩࠍᓙߟߩߢߪߥ
ߊ‫ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ߥࡔ࠺ࠖࠕࠍㅢߒߡࠠࡖࡦࡍ࡯ࡦࠍታᣉߔࠆߥߤਛዊડᬺᐡ߆ࠄ๭߮߆ߌࠆ㧕ԙ ャ಴ࠍታ⃻ߔࠆߚ߼ߩഥ⸒߿ᛛⴚᡰេࠍឭଏߔࠆԚ ㅢ໡ઍ⴫ㇱ߿໡ോ⋭ߣදജߒ‫ޔ‬୘‫ߩޘ‬ਛዊડᬺߣᶏᄖᏒ႐ߩߟߥ߇ࠅࠍ⏕┙ߔࠆԛ ャ಴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⾗㊄ᡰេࠍⴕ߁
ߎߩࠃ߁ߦࠝࡃࡑ᡽ᮭߩਅߢⶄᢙߩㅪ㇌⋭ᐡ߇ਛዊડᬺߩャ಴ᝄ⥝᡽╷ࠍዷ㐿ߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬⼏ળߦ߅޿ߡ߽ャ಴ᝄ⥝ߦ㑐ߔࠆേ߈߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 9 ᣣ‫ޔ‬਄㒮ਛዊડᬺ࡮ડᬺኅᆔຬ
56
ㅢ໡ઍ⴫ㇱߦࠃࠆࡊ࡟ࠬ࡝࡝࡯ࠬ㧔2009 ᐕ 10 ᦬ 6 ᣣ㧕̌-KTM7PXGKNU0GY7564+PKVKCVKXGQP5OCNNand Medium-5K\GF$WUKPGUUGU̍:
http://www.ustr.gov/about-us/press-office/press-releases/2009/october/kirk-unveils-new-ustrinitiative-small-and-medium57
http://www.ustr.gov/about-us/press-office/press-releases/2010/january/ustr-announcesdesignation-assistant-united-states
58ㅢ໡ઍ⴫ㇱߦࠃࠆࡊ࡟ࠬ࡝࡝࡯ࠬ㧔2009 ᐕ 10 ᦬ 6 ᣣ㧕̌-KTM7PXGKNU0GY7564+PKVKCVKXGQP5OCNNand Medium-5K\GF$WUKPGUUGU̍:
http://www.ustr.gov/about-us/press-office/press-releases/2009/october/kirk-unveils-new-ustrinitiative-small-and-medium59
ㅢ໡ઍ⴫ㇱ߇ਥ௅ߒߚਛዊડᬺャ಴ᝄ⥝ߦ઻߁㓹↪ଦㅴߦ㑐ߔࠆળ⼏㧔2010 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 21 ᣣ㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆ࠺࠾
ࠬ࡮ࡂࠗ࠲ࡢ࡯໡ോ೽㐳ቭ㧔Dennis Hightower, Deputy Secretary of Commerce㧕ߩࠦࡔࡦ࠻ࠃࠅ‫ޕ‬60ㅢ໡ઍ⴫ㇱ߇ਥ௅ߒߚਛዊડᬺャ಴ᝄ⥝ߦ઻߁㓹↪ଦㅴߦ㑐ߔࠆળ⼏㧔2010 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 21 ᣣ㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆࡠࠪࠚ
࡞࡮࡝ࡊࠪ࠶࠷⾏ᤃᝄ⥝ᜂᒰ໡ോ⵬૒ቭ㧔Rochelle Lipsitz, Acting Assistant Secretary of Commerce
for Trade Promotion 㧕ߩࠦࡔࡦ࠻ࠃࠅ‫ޕ‬61ㅢ໡ઍ⴫ㇱ߇ਥ௅ߒߚਛዊડᬺャ಴ᝄ⥝ߦ઻߁㓹↪ଦㅴߦ㑐ߔࠆળ⼏㧔2010 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 21 ᣣ㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆࠞ࡟
ࡦ࡮ࡒ࡞࠭ਛዊડᬺᐡ㐳ቭ㧔Karen Mills, Administrator of the U.S. Small Business Administration㧕ߩࠦࡔࡦ࠻ࠃࠅ‫ޕ‬

14ળᆔຬ㐳ߩࡔࠕ࡝࡯࡮࡜ࡦ࠼࡝ࡘ࡯਄㒮⼏ຬ㧔Mary Landrieu, ᳃ਥౄ‫࠽ࠕࠫࠗ࡞ޔ‬Ꮊ㧕ߣ╩㗡ᆔຬ㧔Ranking Member㧕ࠝ࡝ࡦࡇࠕ࡮㧶࡮ࠬࡁ࠙਄㒮⼏ຬ㧔Olympia J. Snowe‫౒ޔ‬๺ౄ‫ࡔޔ‬ࠗࡦᎺ㧕ߪ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ߩਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆ੐ᬺ᜛ᄢ‫ޔ‬㓹↪ഃ಴‫ޔ‬ਗ߮ߦ࿖㓙Ꮢ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ┹੎ᒝൻࠍ⋡⊛ߦ‫ޟޔ‬2009 ᐕਛዊડᬺャ಴ᒝൻ࡮࿖㓙⾏ᤃᴺ᩺㧔Small Business Export Enhancement
and International Trade Act ‫ޔ‬S. 2862㧕‫ޠ‬෸߮‫ޟ‬ਛዊડᬺㅢ໡ઍ⴫ᴺ᩺㧔Small Business
Trade Representation Act ‫ޔ‬S. 2861㧕
‫ࠍޠ‬਄㒮ᆔຬળߦឭ಴ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔5.1.3 ෳᾖ㧕62‫ޕ‬
1.3

੹ᓟߩᣇ㊎

ᦨㄭࠝࡃࡑᄢ⛔㗔߇⊒⴫ߒߚਛዊડᬺᡰេߩᣇ㊎ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬2009ᐕ10᦬21ᣣߦᛂߜ಴ߐࠇߚ⾗㊄⺞㆐ᒝൻ╷ߣ‫ޔ‬2009ᐕ12᦬8ᣣߦ⊒⴫ߐࠇߚㅊട᥊᳇ኻ╷ߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡߩਛዊડᬺᡰេ╷߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬એਅߦਔ⠪ߩౝኈࠍ߹ߣ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬
㧨⾗㊄⺞㆐ᒝൻ╷㧪
2009ᐕ10᦬21ᣣ‫ࡑࡃࠝޔ‬ᄢ⛔㗔ߪ‫ޔ‬᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺᣉⴕᓟ‫৻ޔ‬ㅳ㑆ᒰߚࠅߩਛዊડᬺᐡ଻⸽ߦࠃ
ࠆⲢ⾗㗵ߩᐔဋ߇㧔᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺએ೨ߩ᳓ḰᲧߢ㧕70%Ⴧടߒ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ㑐ㅪ⸽೛ࠍขࠅᛒ߁
࠮ࠞࡦ࠳࡝࡯࡮ࡑ࡯ࠤ࠶࠻ขᒁ߽੹࿁ߩ᥊᳇ૐㅅ೨ߩ᳓Ḱ߹ߢ࿁ᓳߒߚ߶߆‫ޔ‬᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺᣉⴕᓟ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߪ130ం࠼࡞⋧ᒰߩⲢ⾗଻⸽ࠍ㆐ᚑߒߚߎߣࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩᬺോ⁁ᴫߩ቟ቯൻߦߪ߹ߛᤨ㑆߇߆߆ࠆߣߒߡ‫⾗ޔ‬㊄⺞㆐ᒝൻߩ⛮⛯ᡰេߣ㓹↪ഃ಴ᡰេߦ
ะߌߡએਅߩᣇ㊎ࠍ⊒⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆ63‫ޕ‬x ࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ㐿⊒㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߦኻߔࠆⲢ⾗ᡰេࠍᒝൻ㧦ਛዊડᬺ߳ߩⲢ⾗᜛ᄢ⸘↹ࠍឭ಴ߒߚࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ㐿⊒㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐64ߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ૐࠦࠬ࠻ߢ⾗ᧄࠍឭଏߔࠆ੐ߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩࠢ࡟ࠫ࠶࠻⺞㆐ߩᡷༀࠍ࿑ࠆ‫ޕ‬x ਛዊડᬺⲢ⾗਄㒢㗵ߩᒁ߈਄ߍࠍᴺ೙ൻ㧦એਅߩࡠ࡯ࡦᒁ߈਄ߍࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬o ਛዊડᬺᐡߩਥᐙࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߢ޽ࠆ7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ෸߮504౏⹺㐿⊒౏␠ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ65ߦ߅ߌࠆⲢ⾗਄㒢㗵ߩᒁ߈਄ߍ
 7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦߩ଻⸽਄㒢㗵ࠍ200ਁ࠼࡞߆ࠄ500ਁ࠼࡞߳ᒁ߈਄ߍ ࠆ 504ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ߩ⁁⃻ޔ‬200ਁ࠼࡞਄㒢߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬੐ᬺ᜛ᄢ⋡⊛ߩࡠ࡯ࡦߢ޽ࠇ߫500ਁ࠼࡞߳‫⵾ޔ‬ㅧᬺߩડᬺߦኻߒ550ਁ࠼࡞߳ᒁ߈਄ߍ ࠆo ࡑࠗࠢࡠࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩⲢ⾗਄㒢㗵ࠍ3ਁ5,000࠼࡞߆ࠄ5ਁ࠼࡞߳ᒁ߈
਄ߍࠆx ⽷ോ⋭ߣਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆ‫ޟ‬ਛዊડᬺⲢ⾗ળ⼏㧔Treasury-SBA Small Business
62

NewsChannel5 ឝタ⸥੐㧔2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 10 ᣣ㧕̌5PQYG.CPFTKGW+PVTQFWEG.GIKUNCVKQPVQ$QNUVGT
5OCNN$WUKPGUU2CTVKEKRCVKQPKP+PVGTPCVKQPCN6TCFG̍:
http://www.newschannel5.com/Global/story.asp?S=11657740㧧Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Small
Business Export Enhancement and International Trade Act㧔S. 2862㧕෸߮ Small Business Trade
Representation Act 㧔S. 2861㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎ‫ޕ‬63ࡎࡢࠗ࠻ࡂ࠙ࠬ‫̌ޔ‬2TGUKFGPV1DCOC#PPQWPEGU0GY'HHQTVUVQ+ORTQXG#EEGUUVQCredit for Small$WUKPGUUGU̍:http://www.whitehouse.gov/assets/documents/small_business_final.pdf
64৻⥸ߩ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐߆ࠄߩⲢ⾗߇࿎㔍ߥડᬺߦኻߒߡⲢ⾗ࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬65ࡠ࡯ࡦࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ⹦⚦ߪᰴ┨ࠍෳᾖ‫ޕ‬15

Lending Conference㧕‫ߩޠ‬㐿௅㧦ฦ⒳ߩⷙ೙ࠍᜂᒰߔࠆㅪ㇌ᯏ㑐‫⼏ޔ‬ຬ‫ޔ‬᳃㑆㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺࠍ㓸߼‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩ⾗㊄⺞㆐໧㗴ࠍᡷༀߔࠆߚ߼ߩኻ╷ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ᦝޕ‬ߦ‫⽷ޔ‬ോ⋭ߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ෸߮⼏ળߣㅪ៤ߒ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚⲢ⾗ଦㅴߩߚ߼
ߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ╷ቯߦขࠅ⚵߻‫ޕ‬㧨ㅊട᥊᳇ኻ╷㧪
2009ᐕ12᦬8ᣣ‫ࡑࡃࠝޔ‬ᄢ⛔㗔ߪ㓹↪ኻ╷ࠍਛᔃߣߒߚㅊട᥊᳇ኻ╷ࠍ⊒⴫ߒߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ਛߢ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩᛩ⾗᜛ᄢ‫ޔ‬㓹↪ഃ಴෸߮⾗㊄⺞㆐ᒝൻᡰេ╷ߣߒߡએਅߩ㗄⋡ࠍឭ᩺ߒߡ޿ࠆ66‫ޕ‬x ਇᴫߦ⧰ߒ߻ਛዊડᬺࠍਛᔃߦᷫ⒢ࠍታᣉ
x ਛዊડᬺߦኻߔࠆᛩ⾗ᵴേߦࠃࠆࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞ࠥࠗࡦߦኻߔࠆ⺖⒢ࠍ‫ޔ‬1ᐕ㑆఺㒰㧔⃻⁁ߪ᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺၮߠ߈75%ߩᷫ⒢㧕
x ࿕ቯ⾗↥ߩ৻᜝៊㊄▚౉਄㒢㗵ࠍ25ਁ࠼࡞ߦᒁ߈਄ߍࠆភ⟎ࠍ2010ᐕᧃ߹ߢᑧ㐳67
x ᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߦࠃߞߡㆡ↪ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ․೎ᷫଔఘළ㧔bonus depreciation tax
incentive‫ޔ‬ᯏ᪾࡮ౕེߥߤߩขᓧේଔߩ50㧑ఘළߔࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ࠆ㧕ߩᦼ㑆ࠍᑧ㐳x 㓹↪ࠍഃ಴ߒߚડᬺ߳ߩ⍴ᦼ⊛ߥᷫ⒢ភ⟎ࠍዉ౉x ᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߦࠃࠅᣉⴕߐࠇߚਛዊડᬺᐡਥⷐࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᚻᢙᢱߩᷫ఺෸߮଻⸽㗵ߩᒁ߈਄ߍᦼ㑆ࠍ2010ᐕᧃ߹ߢᑧ㐳68
x TARP૛೾㊄ࠍ㓹↪ኻ╷ߦᵴ↪6966

ࡎ ࡢ ࠗ ࠻ ࡂ ࠙ ࠬ ‫̌ ޔ‬2TGUKFGPV 1DCma Announces Proposals to Accelerate Job Growth and Lay the(QWPFCVKQPHQT4QDWUV'EQPQOKE)TQYVJ̍:
http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/president-obama-announces-proposals-accelerate-jobgrowth-and-lay-foundation-robust
67
2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 1 ᣣߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚ‫ޟ‬ਛዊડᬺ․೎ఘළᕡਭൻᴺ᩺㧔S.2822㧕‫ߪߢޠ‬หភ⟎ࠍᕡਭൻߔࠆߎߣ߇
ቯ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
68
2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 10 ᣣߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚ‫ޟ‬2009 ᐕਛዊડᬺ㓹↪ഃ಴෸߮⾗ᧄ⺞㆐ᴺ᩺㧔S.2869㧕
‫߽ߡ޿߅ߦޠ‬ห᭽ߩᑧ㐳ភ⟎߇ⷙቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬69
2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 16 ᣣߦਅ㒮ࠍㅢㆊߒߚ‫ޟ‬㓹↪ഃ಴ኻ╷ᴺ᩺㧔H.R. 2847㧕
‫߽ߡ޿߅ߦޠ‬ห᭽ߩភ⟎߇ⷙቯߐࠇ
ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

16╙2┨ਛዊડᬺᐡߦ߅ߌࠆᦨㄭߩേะ

2.1. ࠝࡃࡑᄢ⛔㗔ߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺᐡੱ੐
2.1.1.

ᣂ㐳ቭ㧦ࠞ࡟ࡦ࡮ࡒ࡞࠭㧔Karen Mills㧕ࠝࡃࡑᄢ⛔㗔ߪ 2008 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 19 ᣣ‫࠭࡞ࡒ࡮ࡦ࡟ࠞޔ‬᳁㧔Karen Mills㧕ࠍ╙ 23 ઍਛዊડᬺ
ᐡ㐳ቭߦછ๮ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ห㐳ቭߪዞછ⊒⴫ᤨߦ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߪ☨࿖⚻ᷣߩ‫ޟ‬ᔃ⤳‫ޔࠅ޽ߢޠ‬ਛዊડᬺ‫ޔ‬ਗ߮ߦࠣ࡝࡯ࡦ੐ᬺߩ┙ߜ਄ߍߎߘ߇‫☨ޔ‬࿖ߩ㓹↪ࠍഃ಴ߒ࿖ኅߩ┹੎ജࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆ70 ߣ⊒⸒ߒ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩ࠾࡯࠭ߦᢅᗵߦኻᔕߔࠆ⥽ขࠅࠍ⹿ߞߚ‫࠭࡞ࡒޕ‬᳁ߪ 2008 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 19 ᣣߦࠝࡃࡑᄢ⛔㗔ߦᜰฬߐࠇ‫⼏ޔ‬ળᛚ⹺ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍ⚻ߡ 2009 ᐕ 4 ᦬ 6 ᣣߦਛዊડᬺᐡ㐳ቭߦዞછߒ
ߡ޿ࠆ71‫ޕ‬ࡒ࡞࠭㐳ቭߩਥߥታ❣ߪએਅߩㅢࠅ72‫ޕ‬x ࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼ᄢቇ㧔Harvard University㧕ߢ⚻༡ቇୃ჻ภ㧔MBA㧦Master of Business
Administration㧕ࠍขᓧ‫ޕ‬x ࡑ࠶ࠠࡦ࠯࡯࡮ࠕࡦ࠼࡮ࠞࡦࡄ࠾࡯(McKinsey & Co.)ߦߡ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ߣ᰷Ꮊߢࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠹
ࠖࡦࠣߩ⚻㛎ࠍⓍࠎߛ߶߆‫࠭࡯ࡈ࡮࡞࡜ࡀ࠯ޔ‬㧔General Foods㧕ߢ⵾ຠࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ
࠻ࠍⴕߞߚታ❣߽ᜬߟ‫ޕ‬x 1983 ᐕએ᧪‫⚻ޔ‬༡⠪߅ࠃ߮ࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡝ࠬ࠻ߣߒߡᵴേ‫ޔࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯ࡌࡁࠗޕ‬⚻ᷣ㐿⊒‫ޔ‬㓹↪ഃ಴ࠍଦߔߚ߼ߩਛዊડᬺ᡽╷ߩᾲᔃߥឭ໒⠪ߣߒߡ⍮ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬x 1993 ᐕ߆ࠄߪ‫ޔ‬᳃㑆ࠛࠢࠗ࠹ࠖ࡯ᛩ⾗ࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠩ࡯ડᬺߢ޽ࠆ MMP ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩ␠㐳ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᶖ⾌⽷‫ޔ‬㘩ຠ‫ޔ‬ᵹㅢ‫↥ޔ⛽❫ޔ‬ᬺㇱຠ↥ᬺߦ߅ߌࠆડᬺ߳ߩᛩ⾗ᵴേࠍ‧ᒁ‫ޕ‬x 1999 ᐕ߆ࠄ 2007 ᐕߦߪ‫ࠍࠢ࡯࡛࡯ࡘ࠾ޔ‬᜚ὐߣߔࠆ VC ߢ޽ࠆ࠰࡟ࠕ࡮ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞
Solera Cpital ߩ౒หഃ⸳⠪ਗ߮ߦᏱോข✦ᓎ㧔managing director㧕ࠍോ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬x 2007 ᐕߦߪࡔࠗࡦᎺ⍮੐ߩᜰฬߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬หᎺߩ⚻ᷣ᡽╷ߦ߅޿ߡᎺ⍮੐ߦഥ⸒ࠍⴕ
ߥ߁‫┹ޟ‬੎ജ࡮⚻ᷣ⹏⼏ળ(Council on Competitiveness and the Economy)‫ޠ‬73 ߩ⼏㐳ߦዞછ‫ࡦࠗࡔޕ‬ᎺߩㇺᏒㇱ߅ࠃ߮࿾ၞ㐿⊒ߩࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠴ࡉߦขࠅ⚵߻‫ޕ‬
2.1.2.

ਛዊડᬺᐡߩᣂᐙㇱੱ੐ࠞ࡟ࡦ࡮ࡒ࡞࠭ᣂਛዊડᬺᐡ㐳ቭએᄖߩਛዊડᬺᐡਥⷐᐙㇱࠍਅ⴫ 4 ߦ߹ߣ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᐙㇱߦߪ‫ࡑࡃࠝޔ‬ᄢ⛔㗔ߩᄢ⛔㗔ㆬ᜼ࠠࡖࡦࡍ࡯ࡦߩ㑐ଥ⠪߿‫࡯࠾ࡄࡦࠞ࡮࠼ࡦࠕ࡮࡯࠯ࡦࠠ࠶ࡑޔ‬╬ߩ᳃㑆಴り⠪‫ޔ‬రਛዊડᬺᐡᐙㇱߥߤᄙ᭽ߥ⚻ᱧࠍᜬߟੱ᧚߇ណ↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ ߅ߥޕ‬201070ࡢࠪࡦ࠻ࡦࡐࠬ࠻⚕ឝタ⸥੐ (2008 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 19 ᣣ)̌Obama Taps Venture Capitalist to Head Small$WUKPGUU#FOKPKUVTCVKQP̍:
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/12/19/AR2008121902112.html
71
http://www.sba.gov/aboutsba/administrator/index.html
72ਛዊડᬺᐡ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻㧦http://www.sba.gov/aboutsba/administrator/index.html
ൕോߒߚᦼ㑆ߦߟ޿ߡߪ⣉ᵈ⋥೨ߩࡢࠪࡦ࠻ࡦࡐࠬ࠻ឝタ⸥੐ࠍෳᾖ‫ޕ‬73̌)QXGTPQT%TGCVGU%QWPEKNQP%QORGVKVKXGPGUU̍http://mobile.maine.gov/news/?sid=45567

17ᐕ 2 ᦬⃻࿷‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ೽㐳ቭߪછ๮ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿74‫ޕ‬⴫ 4᳁ฬ
ࠕ࠽࡮M࡮ࡑ
㧔Ana M. Ma㧕ࠛ࡝࠶ࠢ࡮R࡮ࠩ࡞࠾ࠦࡢ
㧔Eric R. Zarnikow㧕
ࠫࠚࠬ࡮B࡮ࡁ࠶ࠢࠬ
㧔Jess B. Knox㧕

ࡍ࠾࡯࡮K࡮ࡇࠤ࠶࠻
㧔Penny K. Pickett㧕ࠫࠚࠗࡓ࠭࡮࡝ࡌ࡜㧔James Rivera㧕࡚ࠫ࠮ࡈ࡮G࡮࡚ࠫ࡯࠳ࡦ
(Joseph G. Jordan)ࡔ࡯ࠟࡦ࡮ࡃ࡯࠺ࠖ࠶ࠢ㧔Meaghan Burdick㧕ࠠࡦࡃ࡝࡯࡮㧭࡮ࡄࠗࠨ࡯
㧔Kimberly A. Peyser㧕

74ਛዊડᬺᐡߩᣂᐙㇱੱ੐
ᓎ⡯
⇛ᱧ
ਥᏨ⵬૒ቭ
࡜࠙࡞࡮ࠣ࡝ࠫࡖ࡞ࡃਅ㒮⼏㒮
㧔Chief of Staff㧕㧔Raul Grijalva‫࠽࠱࡝ࠕޔ‬Ꮊㆬ಴᳃ਥౄ㧕ߩਥᏨᑯ⼔჻ࠍോ߼ߚ‫ޕ‬⾗㊄⺞㆐ᜂᒰ㐳ቭ⵬㧔Associate ࡉ࠶ࠪࡘ᡽ᮭਅ߆ࠄหߓ⡯⽿ࠍ
Administrator, Office of⛮⛯‫ޕ‬
Capital Access㧕⃻႐૞ᬺᜂᒰ㐳ቭ⵬
2008 ᐕߩᄢ⛔㗔ㆬߢߪ‫࡚ࠫޔ‬㧔Associate Administrator,ࡦ࡮ࠛ࠼ࡢ࡯࠼᳁㧔John
Office of Field Operations㧕
Edwards㧕ߩ࿖ኅ᡽╷ᰴ㐳㧔Deputy National Political
Director㧕ࠍോ߼ࠆߥߤ‫ࡖࠠޔ‬ࡦࡍ࡯ࡦᡰេߩታ❣߇⼾ን‫ޕ‬⿠ᬺ㐿⊒ᜂᒰ㐳ቭ⵬ࡢࠪࡦ࠻ࡦ DC ߩᛛⴚ♽ડᬺߦ㧔Associate Administrator,ኻߔࠆ੐ᬺⅣႺߩᒝൻᡰេࠍ⋡Office of Entrepreneurial⊛ߣߔࠆ‫ ࡦ࠻ࡦࠪࡢޟ‬DC ᛛⴚ
Development㧕ᆔຬળ㧔Washington D.C.
Technology Council㧕‫ߩޠ‬ઍ⴫
ࠍോ߼ߚ‫ޕ‬ἴኂᡰេᜂᒰ㐳ቭ⵬
1989 ᐕࠃࠅਛዊડᬺᐡߩἴኂ
㧔Associate Administrator,ᡰេࡠ࡯ࡦᜂᒰ⠪ߣߒߡൕോ‫ޕ‬
Office of Disaster
Assistance㧕᡽ᐭ⺞㆐෸߮ࡆࠫࡀࠬ㐿⊒ᜂᒰࡑ࠶ࠠࡦ࠯࡯࡮ࠕࡦ࠼࡮ࠞࡦࡄ
㐳ቭ⵬㧔Associate࠾࡯ߦߡ‫ࡀࡑࠗ࡜ࡊࠨ࡮౉⾼ޔ‬Administrator of Governmentࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߩᚢ⇛㐿⊒ࠍᜂᒰ‫ޕ‬Contracting and Business
Development㧕ࡎࡢࠗ࠻ࡂ࠙ࠬᜂᒰቭ㧔Whiteࠝࡃࡑᄢ⛔㗔ߩㆬ᜼ࠠࡖࡦࡍ࡯
House Liaison㧕ࡦᤨߪࡑ࡯ࠤ࠹ࠖࡦࠣᜂᒰ࠺ࠖ
࡟ࠢ࠲࡯㧔Director of Direct
Marketing㧕ߣߒߡ⽸₂‫ޕ‬㐳ቭାછ⵬૒ቭ㧔Confidential
2008 ᐕ᳃ਥౄో࿖ᄢળᆔຬળ
㧔Democratic National
Assistant to the
Administrator.㧕
Convention Committee㧕߿ࡃ࡯ࠫ࠾ࠕᎺߦ߅ߌࠆࠝࡃࡑᄢ⛔㗔ࠠࡖࡦࡍ࡯ࡦߦᓥ੐‫ޕ‬

5$#̌5GPKQT5VCHH̍http://sba.gov/aboutsba/staff/index.html

18᳁ฬࠬࡃ࡯ࠪࡘ࡮S࡮ࠗࠕ࡯㧔Subash S. Iyer㧕ᓎ⡯㐳ቭ․೎⵬૒ቭ㧔Special
Assistant to the
Administrator㧕ࠨ࡜࡮D࡮࡝࠶ࡊࠬࠦ࠙ࡓ
㧔Sara D. Lipscomb㧕

ᴺᓞ㘈໧㧔General Counsel㧕ࠫࡦࠫࡖ࡯࡮E࡮࡝ࡘ࡯㧔Ginger E. Lew㧕㐳ቭ㘈໧㧔Counselor to the
Administrator㧕‫ޔ‬࿖ኅ⚻ᷣળ⼏࡝ࠛ࠱ࡦ㧔Liaison to the
National Economic Council㧕಴ᚲ㧦ਛዊડᬺᐡ Web ࠨࠗ࠻ઁฦ⒳⾗ᢱࠍ߽ߣߦ૞ᚑ

⇛ᱧࡑ࠶ࠠࡦ࠯࡯࡮ࠕࡦ࠼࡮ࠞࡦࡄ
࠾࡯ߢࡆࠫࡀࠬࠕ࠽࡝ࠬ࠻ߣߒ
ߡࡈࠜ࡯࠴ࡘࡦ 500 ડᬺߩᚢ⇛᳿ቯ෸߮⚻༡ᡷༀಽᨆߦᓥ੐‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺ߿ PE ࡈࠔࡦ࠼ߩᴺോ
ࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠲ࡦ࠻ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᴺⷙ೙
ㆩ቞߿࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂࠍ⋙〈‫☨ޕ‬໡ຠవ‛ขᒁᆔຬળ(CFTC:
Commodity Futures Trading
Commission㧕ߦ߅޿ߡᆔຬ㐳㘈໧‫ޔ‬ᴺᓞ㘈໧⵬૒ߣߒߡᓥ੐ߒ
ߚ⚻㛎߽ᜬߟ‫ޕ‬ࠢ࡝ࡦ࠻ࡦ᡽ᮭਅߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ೽㐳ቭ㧔Deputy
Administrator㧕ࠍോ߼ߚ‫ޕ‬

2.2. ਥⷐࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆਥⷐߥࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙ⾗ᧄ⺞㆐‫ޔ‬ԙᜰዉ࡮⎇ୃ‫ޔ‬Ԛ⺞㆐ߩ 3 ಽ㊁ߦᄢ೎ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬એਅߦฦಽ㊁ߦ߅ߌࠆหᐡߩขࠅ⚵ߺࠍ⚫੺ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
2.2.1.

⾗㊄⺞㆐ਛዊડᬺᐡߪ‫ޔ‬᳃㑆㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐߇ਛዊડᬺߦⲢ⾗ߔࠆ㓙ߩା↪଻⸽ࠍਛᔃߦ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩߚ߼
ߩ㊄Ⲣᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍታᣉߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛߢ߽‫ޟ‬7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔7(a) Loan
Guaranty Program 㧕 ‫ ޠ‬෸ ߮ ‫ ޟ ޔ‬504 ౏ ⹺ 㐿 ⊒ ౏ ␠ ࡠ ࡯ ࡦ ࡮ ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ ࡜ ࡓ (504/Certified
Development Company Loan Program)‫ޔߪޠ‬หᐡߦࠃࠆࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍ೑↪ߒߚ⋥ធ࡮㑆ធⲢ⾗ߩర㊄ᱷ㜞ో૕ߩ 75%⿥ࠍභ߼ࠆၮᐙࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧔࿑ 1 ෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬

19

࿑ 1

ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆࡠ࡯ࡦࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓౝ⸶

಴ᚲ㧦ਛዊડᬺᐡ75ᵈ㧦ฦࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ⹦⚦ߪᓟឝએਅߦ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆฦ⒳ߩ⾗㊄⺞㆐ᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ᭎ⷐࠍ߹ߣ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԙ

7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
㧣(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ76ߪ‫ޔ‬᳃㑆㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߩㅢᏱߩክᩏߢߪ୫౉ࠇ߇㔍ߒ޿ਛዊડᬺߦ
ኻߒ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ߇ࡠ࡯ࡦߦኻߔࠆ଻⸽ࠍឭଏߔࠆࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬หࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߪ‫ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ߥࡠ࡯ࡦߩ૶ㅜࠍ⹺߼ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄᨵエᕈ߇㜞ߊ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ߇ㆇ༡ߔࠆ㊄Ⲣᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜
ࡓߩਛߢ߽ᦨ߽ᄙߊ೑↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ77‫ޕ‬

7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦߪ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߣ‫ࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊ࡮ࠬ࡟ࡊࠬࠢࠛޟޔ‬㧔Express
Program㧕‫ޠ‬‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ャ಴ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔Export Loan Program㧕‫ޟޔޠ‬ㄘ᧛ㇱⲢ⾗ᯏ㑐ࠕ࠼ࡃࡦ࠹࡯ࠫ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔Rural Lender Advantage Program㧕‫․ޟޔޠ‬೎⋡⊛ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
㧔Special Purpose Loans Program㧕‫⸳߇ޠ‬ቯߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓએᄖߪߘࠇߙࠇᦝ
ߦ⚦߆ߊಽ㘃ߐࠇߚࡠ࡯ࡦࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍᛴ߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬᭎ⷐࠍ⴫ 5 ߦ߹ߣ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬75ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫ޔ‬2009 ᐕᐲ⽷᡽ႎ๔ᦠ㧔FY2009 Annual Financial Report㧕㧦
http://www.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_homepage/mgmt_discussion_analysis.pdf
㧔p.21㧕
76
1953 ᐕਛዊડᬺᴺ㧔Small Business Act of 1953㧕╙㧣᧦㧔a㧕ߢቯ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ޟ‬㧣(a)ࡠ࡯
ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫ߣޠ‬๭߫ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬77ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ޔ‬7(a) Loan Program̍:
http://www.sba.gov/financialassistance/borrowers/guaranteed/7alp/index.html

20

⴫ 5 7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ⒳㘃
7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ၮᧄࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
ᦨᄢ 15 ਁ࠼࡞ߩࡠ࡯ࡦߦኻߒߡߪᦨᄢ 85㧑‫ޔ‬15 ਁ࠼࡞એ਄ߩࡠ࡯ࡦߦኻߒߡߪᦨᄢ 75㧑ߩ଻⸽ࠍઃਈߔࠆ‫߇⸽଻ޕ‬ㆡ↪ߐࠇࠆⲢ⾗㗵਄㒢ߪ 200 ਁ࠼࡞ߢ78‫ޔ‬㄰ᷣᦼ㑆ߪ 10㨪25 ᐕ
㑆79‫ޕ‬
ࠛࠢࠬࡊ࡟ࠬ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ 㧔Express Program㧕㧕80
x
SBA ࠛࠢࠬࡊ࡟ࠬ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔S
SBA Express㧕ᦨᄢ 35 ਁ࠼࡞ߩࡠ࡯ࡦߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ߇ᦨᄢ 50%ߩା↪଻⸽ࠍઃਈߔࠆ߽ߩߢ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆክᩏᤨ㑆ߪ 36 ᤨ㑆ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ81‫ޕ‬xࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖࠛࠢࠬࡊ࡟ࠬ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔C
Community Express㧕82ਛ ዊ ડ ᬺ ᐡ ߩ ቯ ⟵ ߔ ࠆ ‫ ޟ‬ᱧ ผ ⊛ ߦ ੐ ᬺ ߇ ᩮ ઃ ߆ ߥ ߆ ߞ ߚ ࿾ ၞ 㧔 Historically
Underutilized Business Zones 㧦 HUBZones 㧕 ෶ ߪ ࠦ ࡒ ࡘ ࠾ ࠹ ࠖ ౣ ᛩ ⾗ ᴺ 㧔 Community
Reinvestment Act㧕ߦࠃࠅ‫ޟ‬ᭂ߼ߡ⨹ᑄߒߚ㧔distressed㧕‫ࠆࠇߐߣޠ‬࿾ၞߦᚲ࿷ߔࠆਛ
ዊડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߦ‫ޔ‬2008 ᐕ 10 ᦬ 1 ᣣߦ┙ߜ਄ߍࠄࠇߚࡄࠗࡠ࠶࠻ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬࿾ၞߦ߅ߌࠆᣂ੐ᬺߩ┙ߜ਄ߍࠍផㅴߔߴߊ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߪᦨᄢ 25 ਁ࠼࡞ߩⲢ⾗ߦኻߒ଻⸽ࠍឭଏߔࠆ㧔SBA ࠛࠢࠬࡊ࡟ࠬ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߣห᭽ߦ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆክᩏᤨ㑆ߪㅢ
Ᏹ 36 ᤨ㑆㧕‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᛛⴚᡰេࠍ㊀ⷞߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ࠍࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊߩߎޔ‬೑↪ߔࠆ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐߆ࠄⲢ⾗ ࠍ ฃ ߌ ߚ ਛ ዊ ડ ᬺ ߪ ‫ ޟޔ‬ਛ ዊ ડ ᬺ ࡆ ࠫ ࡀ ࠬ 㐿 ⊒ ࠮ ࡦ ࠲ ࡯ 㧔 SBDC 㧦 Small Business
Development Centers‫ޔ‬ᓟឝ㧕‫ߩߤߥޠ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆᜰዉ࡮⎇ୃࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ
ࠍ೑↪ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬xࡄ࠻࡝ࠝ࠶࠻ࠛࠢࠬࡊ࡟ࠬ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔P
Patriot Express㧕83⚻༡⠪ߩ 51%એ਄߇ㅌᓎァੱ෶ߪァ㑐ଥ⠪ߢ޽ࠆਛዊડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߢ‫ᦨޔ‬
ᄢ 50 ਁ࠼࡞ߩࡠ࡯ࡦߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬7(a)ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᮡḰ଻⸽₸ߦḰߓߡ଻⸽ࠍઃਈߔࠆࡊࡠ
ࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔SBA ࠛࠢࠬࡊ࡟ࠬ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߣห᭽ߦ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆክᩏᤨ㑆ߪㅢᏱ 36 ᤨ㑆㧕‫ޕ‬ャ಴ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ 㧔Export Loan Programs㧕㧕xャ಴ࠛࠢࠬࡊ࡟ࠬ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔Export Express㧕㧕8478ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫ ̌ޔ‬C .QCP2TQITCO ̄ Terms and Conditions ̍:
http://www.sba.gov/financialassistance/borrowers/guaranteed/7alp/FINANCIAL_GLP_7A_TERMS.html Loan
Amounts ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬79ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫ ̌ޔ‬C .QCP2TQITCO ̄ Terms and Conditions ̍:
http://www.sba.gov/financialassistance/borrowers/guaranteed/7alp/FINANCIAL_GLP_7A_TERMS.html
Maturity Terms ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬80ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ ޔ‬Express Program̍㧦
http://www.sba.gov/financialassistance/prospectivelenders/7a/ep/FA_PL_7ALOAN_SBAEXPRESS.html
81ߎߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩߺ‫ޔ‬7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩਛߢ‫ޔ‬᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߦࠃࠆⲢ⾗଻⸽₸ᒁ߈਄ߍߩኻ⽎ᄖߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ ޔ‬Express Program̍㧦
http://www.sba.gov/financialassistance/prospectivelenders/7a/ep/FA_PL_7ALOAN_SBAEXPRESS.html㧧7(a)Loan Program ̄ Terms and Conditions̍:
http://www.sba.gov/financialassistance/borrowers/guaranteed/7alp/FINANCIAL_GLP_7A_TERMS.html
82ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ ޔ‬Community Express̍:
http://www.sba.gov/financialassistance/prospectivelenders/7a/ep/FA_PL_7ALOAN_COMMEXPRESS.html
83ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ ޔ‬Patriot Express̍:
http://www.sba.gov/financialassistance/prospectivelenders/7a/ep/FA_PL_7ALOAN_PATRIOTEXPRESS.html

21ᶏᄖᏒ႐߳ߩෳ౉߹ߚߪ᜛ᄢࠍ⋡ᜰߔਛዊડᬺߩߚ߼ߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫ޕ‬ਛዊャ಴੐ᬺ⠪ߦኻߒߡⲢ⾗ࠍⴕ߁᳃㑆㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐߇ዋߥ޿ߎߣࠍฃߌߡ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ߇‫ޔ‬25 ਁ࠼࡞߹ߢߩࡠ࡯
ࡦߥߤߦኻߒߡ‫ᦨޔ‬ᄢ 90%ߩ଻⸽ࠍઃਈߔࠆ㧔ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆክᩏᤨ㑆ߪ 24 ᤨ㑆㧕‫ߎޕ‬ࠇ ߦ ട ߃ ‫ ޔ‬ਛ ዊ ડ ᬺ ᐡ ߩ ☨ ࿖ ャ ಴ ᡰ េ ࠮ ࡦ ࠲ ࡯ 㧔 SBẢS U.S. Export AssistanceCenters㧕85 ߇ャ಴੐ᬺߦᔅⷐߥࡑ࡯ࠤ࠹ࠖࡦࠣ߿੐ᬺ⸘↹ߩ╷ቯߦ㑐ߔࠆᡰេ߽ឭଏߔ
ࠆ‫ޕ‬xャ಴⾗㊄ᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔EWCP: Export Working Capital Pr
rogram㧕86ᣢߦャ಴ࠍⴕߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ャ಴੐ᬺࠍ⛮⛯ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ⾗㊄ࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆਛዊડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߦ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߣ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ߩ౏⊛ャ಴ା↪ᯏ㑐ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟ‬ャ಴౉㌁ⴕ㧔Export-Import Bank㧕‫ޠ‬87߇౒หߢᦨᄢ 90%ߩࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬x࿖㓙⾏ᤃࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔International Trade Loan Program㧕㧕88ᣢߦャ಴౉੐ᬺࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ߆ᣂߒߊャ಴੐ᬺࠍ㐿ᆎߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆਛዊડᬺ‫ޔߪߊߒ߽ޔ‬┹วߔࠆャ౉ຠߦࠃߞߡ੐ᬺߦᛂ᠄ࠍฃߌߡ޿ࠆડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߦࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࠍઃਈߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ㄘ᧛ㇱⲢ⾗ᯏ㑐ࠕ࠼ࡃࡦ࠹࡯ࠫ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔R
Rural Lender Advantage Program㧕89ㆊ⇹ൻ߇ㅴߺ㜞޿ᄬᬺ₸ߦ޽߃ߋ࿾ၞߩ⚻ᷣ㐿⊒ࠍផㅴߔࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ㄘ᧛ㇱߦᚲ࿷ߔࠆዊⷙ
ᮨߩ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐߇Ⲣ⾗ࠍⴕ߁㓙‫ᦨޔ‬ᄢ 35 ਁ࠼࡞ߩࡠ࡯ࡦࠍ଻⸽ߔࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬15 ਁ࠼࡞એౝ
ߩࡠ࡯ࡦߩ↳⺧ᚻ⛯߈ࠍ◲⚛ൻߒߚࠅ‫ⶄޔ‬ᢙߩࡠ࡯ࡦߦኻߔࠆ৻᜝ክᩏࠍⴕ߁ߥߤ‫ޔ‬ᚻ⛯߈ߩ◲⚛ൻࠍ࿑ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ะߌߩ⎇ୃ߽ⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬․೎⋡⊛ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔Special Purpose Loans Program㧕㧕90xࠦ ࡒ ࡘ ࠾ ࠹ ࠖ ⺞ ᢛ ࡮ ᛩ ⾗ ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ ࡜ ࡓ 㧔 Community Adjustment and Investment
Program:: CAIP㧕㧕ർ☨⥄↱⾏ᤃදቯ(North American Free Trade Agreement : NAFTA)ߦࠃߞߡ‫⋥ޔ‬ធ⊛߹ߚߪ㑆ធ⊛ߦ⚻ᷣᛂ᠄ࠍฃߌߚ࿾ၞߦᚲ࿷ߔࠆਛዊડᬺᡰេࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬࿾ၞߦᚲ࿷ߒ‫ޔ‬㧣(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ၮᧄࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩክᩏࠍㅢㆊߒߚਛዊડᬺߦኻߒߡ‫☨ޔ‬࿖࡮ࡔࠠࠪࠦਔ᡽ᐭ߇ㆇ༡ߔࠆ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟ‬ർࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ㐿⊒㌁ⴕ㧔North American
Development Bank㧕‫ߡ޿߅ߦ⸽଻ࡦ࡯ࡠޔߪޠ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ߇⺖ߔࠆᚻᢙᢱࠍ᳃㑆㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐߿ਛዊડᬺߦઍࠊߞߡᡰᛄ߁‫ޕ‬x
CAP ࡜ࠗࡦ࡮ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔C
CAPLines㧕9184ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ ޔ‬Export Express̍:
http://www.sba.gov/financialassistance/borrowers/guaranteed/7alp/EXPORT_EXPRESS_7A-LOANPROGRAM.html
85ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ ޔ‬Your Local SBA U.S. Export Assistance Center̍㧦
http://www.sba.gov/aboutsba/sbaprograms/internationaltrade/useac/index.html
86ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ ޔ‬Export Working Capital Program (EWCP)̍㧦
http://www.sba.gov/financialassistance/borrowers/guaranteed/7alp/EXP_WORK_CAPITAL_7A-LOANPROG.html
87☨࿖ડᬺߦࠃࠆ⾏ᤃߦ㑐ߔࠆ㊄Ⲣᡰេࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬http://www.exim.gov/about/mission.cfm
88ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ ޔ‬International Trade Loan Program̍㧦
http://www.sba.gov/financialassistance/borrowers/guaranteed/7alp/INTNL_TRADELOAN_PROG_7A-LOAN.html
89ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ ޔ‬4WTCN.GPFGT#FXCPVCIG2TQITCO̍㧦
http://www.sba.gov/financialassistance/prospectivelenders/7a/rlap/index.html
90ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ ޔ‬5RGEKCN2WTRQUG.QCPU2TQITCO̍㧦
http://www.sba.gov/financialassistance/prospectivelenders/7a/splp/index.html
91ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ ޔ‬Finance Start-Up̍㧦
http://www.sba.gov/smallbusinessplanner/start/financestartup/SERV_CAPLINES.html

22⍴ᦼ⊛࡮৻ᤨ⊛ߦㆇォ⾗㊄߇ᔅⷐߥਛዊડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫ޕ‬ቄ▵ⷐ࿃
㧔Seasonal Line㧦ᤨᦼߦࠃߞߡ໡ຠ࡮ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ߳ߩ㔛ⷐ߇⇣ߥࠆਛዊડᬺߦኻߒߡ‫ࡇޔ‬࡯ࠢᤨߦ⥃ᤨ㓹↪ߥߤࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼ߩⲢ⾗ࠍ଻⸽㧕‫ޔ‬ᄾ⚂㧔Contract Line㧦޽ࠆᆔ⸤੐ᬺߦ
⋥ធ߆߆ࠆੱઙ⾌߿᧚ᢱ⾌ࠍ⾔߁ߚ߼ߩⲢ⾗଻⸽㧕‫ޔ‬ᑪ⸳ᬺ⠪㧔Builders Line㧦ᑪ‛ߩᑪ▽࡮ᡷ▽ࠍ⺧ߌ⽶߁ਛዊડᬺߦኻߒߡ‫⋥ޔ‬ធ߆߆ࠆੱઙ⾌߿᧚ᢱ⾌ࠍ⾔߁ߚ߼ߩⲢ⾗଻⸽㧕‫ࠬ࡯ࡌ↥⾗ޔ‬㧔Standard Asset-Based Line㧦㐳ᦼߩⲢ⾗ࠍฃߌࠆߚ߼ߩା↪ၮḰࠍḩߚߐߥ޿ਛዊડᬺߦኻߒߡ‫ࠍ↥⾗ޔ‬ᜂ଻ߦ⍴ᦼߩⲢ⾗ࠍ଻⸽㧕‫ޔ‬ዋ㗵⾗↥ࡌ࡯ࠬ㧔Small
Asset-Based Line㧦⾗↥ࡌ࡯ࠬߣห᭽ߛ߇‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ߇଻⸽ߔࠆⲢ⾗㗵ߪ 20 ਁ࠼࡞߹ߢ㧕ߩ 5 ⒳㘃߇⸳ቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬xᓥᬺຬା⸤㊄ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔Employee Trusts㧕㧕
㧣(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߢ୫ࠅ౉ࠇߚ⾗㊄ࠍ‫ޔ‬ᜬᩣળࠍㅢߒߡ⥄␠ᩣߢ␠ຬߩㅌ⡯㊄
ࠍⓍߺ┙ߡࠆ‫ޟ‬ᓥᬺຬᜬᩣ೙ᐲ㧔Employee Stock Ownership Plans㧕‫ޠ‬92 ߦ૶↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇
ߢ߈ࠆࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫ޕ‬ኻ⽎ߣߥࠆᓥᬺຬᜬᩣ೙ᐲߪ‫ޔ‬ౝ࿖ᱦ౉ᐡ߇▤ロߔࠆ‫ޟ‬ᓥᬺຬᜬᩣ೙
ᐲ㧔ESOP=Employer Stock Ownership Plan㧕‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔޠ‬ഭ௛⋭߇▤ロߔࠆ‫ޟ‬ᓥᬺຬㅌ⡯⠪ᚲᓧ଻㓚ᴺ㧔ERISA=Employee Retirement Income Security Act㧕‫ⷙߩޠ‬ቯߦḰ᜚ߒ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ߇ᓟេߔࠆ೙ᐲߢߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬xᳪᨴ㒐ᱛࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ Pollution Controlᳪᨴࠍ㒐ᱛߔࠆᣉ⸳㧔࿕ቯ⾗↥ߦ㒢ࠆ㧕ߩ⸘↹‫ޔ⸘⸳ޔ‬ᑪ▽ߦ૶ㅜࠍ㒢ቯߒߚࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽
ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫⹥ޕ‬ᒰᣉ⸳ߪ࡝ࠨࠗࠢ࡞ᵴേߥߤ‫ޔ‬ⅣႺᳪᨴࠍ㒐ᱛ‫ޔ‬೥ᷫ‫✭ޔ‬๺‫ޔ‬೙ᓮ಴᧪ࠆ
߽ߩߢߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬ߥ߅᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߩਅߢ଻⸽㗵ߩᒁ߈਄ߍ‫ޔ‬ᚻᢙᢱߩ఺㒰‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺၮḰ᜛ᄢភ⟎ߩㆡ↪‫ޔ‬ㅊട੍▚ᡰ⛎ߥߤ‫ޔ‬㧣(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍᒝൻߔࠆ᡽╷߇ታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔6.1.2 ෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬
504 ౏⹺㐿⊒౏␠ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ93504 ౏⹺㐿⊒౏␠ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߪ‫ޔ‬࿾ၞ߿ࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߩ⚻ᷣ⊒ዷࠍଦㅴߔࠆߎߣࠍ
⋡⊛ߣߒߡ⸳⟎ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ᳃㑆㕖༡೑ߩ౏⹺㐿⊒౏␠ࠍㅢߓߡ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߦ㐳ᦼ࿕ቯ㊄೑ߩⲢ⾗ࠍⴕ߁ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺߩ੐ᬺ᜛ᄢ߿ㄭઍൻߦࠃࠆ࿕ቯ⾗↥ߩჇᒝ෸߮‫ޔ‬㓹↪ߩഃ಴࡮⛽ᜬࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ߇ᣂߒ޿ᯏ᧚ࠍ⾼౉ߒߚࠅᣉ⸳ࠍᡷ▽ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ⾗㊄ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬એਅߩᒻߢⲢ⾗ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ94‫ޕ‬ԙx ᳃㑆㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߦࠃࠆⲢ⾗㧔ਛዊડᬺ߇ᔅⷐߣߔࠆ⾗㊄ߩ 50%߹ߢ㧕
x ౏⹺㐿⊒౏␠ߦࠃࠆⲢ⾗㧔ห 40%‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ߇ 100%଻⸽㧕หࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߆ࠄⲢ⾗ࠍฃߌࠆਛዊડᬺߪ‫ޔ‬ᯏ᧚⾼౉ߥߤߦᔅⷐߥ⾗㊄ߩ 10%ߪ⥄りߢ⽶ᜂߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫⃻ޕ‬࿷‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ߇⹺ቯߔࠆ㕖༡೑ߩ౏⹺㐿⊒౏␠ߪో☨ߦ⚂ 270 ␠ሽ࿷ߒߡ޿ࠆ95‫ޕ‬92

http://www.sec.gov/answers/esops.htm
ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ ޔ‬%&%NQCPRTQITCO̍㧦
http://www.sba.gov/financialassistance/borrowers/guaranteed/CDC504lp/index.html
94ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ޔ‬%&%.QCP2TQITCO̍:
http://www.sba.gov/financialassistance/borrowers/guaranteed/CDC504lp/index.html
95ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ޔ‬%&%.QCP2TQITCO̍:
http://www.sba.gov/financialassistance/borrowers/guaranteed/CDC504lp/index.html
93

23

Ԛ

ࡑࠗࠢࡠࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
ࡑࠗࠢࡠࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ߿㕖༡೑ߩ଻⢒ᚲߦኻߒߡዊญߩ⍴ᦼⲢ⾗ࠍⴕ߁߽ߩ‫ޕ‬ᒰ⹥Ⲣ⾗ߪਛዊડᬺᐡ߇⹺ቯߔࠆ㕖༡೑ߩ࿾ၞ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐㧔ࡑࠗࠢࡠ࡟ࡦ࠳࡯㧕96 ߇ખ੺ߔࠆ‫ࠍ⾗Ⲣޕ‬Ꮧᦸߔࠆਛዊડᬺߪ‫⹥ޔ‬ᒰߔࠆࡑࠗࠢࡠ࡟ࡦ࠳࡯ߦⲢ⾗ࠍ⋥ធ↳⺧ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬หࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߢߩⲢ⾗㗵ߪ৻␠޽ߚࠅᦨᄢ 3 ਁ 5,000 ࠼࡞‫ޔ‬ᐔဋⲢ⾗㗵ߪ 1 ਁ 3,000 ࠼࡞ߣዋ㗵ߢ޽
ࠆ97‫ޕ‬

ਛዊડᬺᛩ⾗ળ␠㧔SBIC㧕ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ98ਛዊડᬺᛩ⾗ળ␠㧔SBIC㧦Small Business Investment Company㧕ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߪ‫⿠ޔ‬ᬺኅ߿ਛዊડᬺ߇ VC ߆ࠄߩᛩ⾗ࠍฃߌ߿ߔߊߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߦ 1958 ᐕߦ⸳┙ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߩᛚ⹺ࠍฃߌߡ┙ߜ਄ߍࠄࠇߚਛዊડᬺᛩ⾗ળ␠ߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ߆ࠄߩࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ߦ߽ߣߠ
߈‫࡯ࡖ࠴ࡦࡌޔ‬ડᬺ߿ਛዊડᬺߦᛩ⾗ࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺᛩ⾗ળ␠ߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ߆ࠄᛚ⹺ࠍฃ
ߌߚ᳃㑆ᯏ㑐ߥߤ߇ㆇ༡ߔࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߪਛዊડᬺળ␠ࠍⷙ೙ߔࠆᓎഀࠍᜂߞߡ޿ࠆ99‫ޕ‬ԛԜARC ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
ARC ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔Americảs Recovery Capital Loan Program㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߩ
ਅߢᣂ⸳ߐࠇߚࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫ޕ‬ᚑ㐳ߩน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ߽ߩߩ‫⋡ޔ‬ਅߩ⚻ᷣ⁁ᴫߦࠃࠅ⚻༡㔍ߦ㒱ߞߚਛዊડᬺߩ੐ᬺ቟ቯൻᡰេࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ‫ߥ⊛ᤨ৻ޔ‬㊄Ⲣᡰេភ⟎‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺ߇ᣢሽߩ⽶ௌࠍ୫ࠅ឵߃ࠆ㓙‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ߇ᦨᄢ 3 ਁ 5,000 ࠼࡞ߩⲢ⾗ߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬100㧑ߩ଻⸽ࠍⴕ߁‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬หࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍ೑↪ߔࠆߚ߼ߩᚻᢙᢱߪ⊒↢ߒߥ޿100‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆߣ‫ޔ‬2009 ᐕ 10 ᦬ᤨὐߢ 3,000 ઙㄭߊ‫ޔ‬ว⸘ 9,000 ਁ࠼࡞⒟ᐲߩⲢ⾗ߦኻߔࠆ଻⸽߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ෳട㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߪ 700 ߦ㆐ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬หᐡߪᦨ⚳⊛ߦ 1 ਁઙߩⲢ⾗଻⸽߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆ⷗ㄟࠎߢ޿ࠆ101‫ޕ‬଻⸽ᦠ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ102ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆ଻⸽ᦠ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔Surety Bond Guarantee Program㧕ߢߪ‫ᦠ⸽଻ޔ‬㧔surety bond㧕103 ࠍ౉ᚻ಴᧪ߥ޿ਛዊડᬺߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ߇଻⸽ࠍⴕ߁‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ડᬺ߇଻⸽ᦠߢቯ߼ࠄࠇߚᄾ⚂ࠍጁⴕߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ႐วߦߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ߇៊ᄬ㗵ߩ 70㨪90%ࠍ଻
⸽ߔࠆ104‫ޕ‬ԝ96ࡑࠗࠢࡠ࡟ࡦ࠳࡯ߪࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߦᩮᏅߒߚ㕖༡೑ߩ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ ޔ‬Finance Start-Up̍:
http://www.sba.gov/smallbusinessplanner/start/financestartup/SERV_LT_MICRO.html
97ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ޔ‬/KETQ-.QCP2TQITCO̍㧔ᓥ᧪ߩࡑࠗࠢࡠࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓᖱႎ㧕:
http://www.sba.gov/financialassistance/borrowers/guaranteed/mlp/index.html
98ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ ޔ‬Investment Division̍:http://www.sba.gov/aboutsba/sbaprograms/inv/index.html
99ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ ޔ‬5$# U+PXGUVOGPV2TQITCO̍㧔ਛዊડᬺᛩ⾗ળ␠㧔SBIC㧕ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧕㧦
http://www.sba.gov/financialassistance/borrowers/vc/sbainvp/index.html㧧
http://www.sba.gov/aboutsba/sbaprograms/inv/esf/inv_sbic_financing.html
100ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ޔ‬ARC Loan Program Frequently Asked Questions for Borrowers̍:
http://www.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_homepage/rec_arcloan_faq_borrowers.pdf
101ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆ਄㒮ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળ߳ߩႎ๔㧔2009 ᐕ 10 ᦬ 6 ᣣ㧕̌Recovery Act Update̍㧦
http://sbc.senate.gov/public/?a=Files.Serve&File_id=5ce7947a-ec6c-41c0-95f4-feaa89a2e9b9 (p.2)
102ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ ޔ‬Bonding Program̍: http://www.sba.gov/financialassistance/borrowers/surety/103଻⸽ᦠߣߪ‫ޔ‬ડᬺߥߤߩௌോ࡮⽿ോࠍ╙3⠪߇଻⸽ߔࠆߔࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߔᄾ⚂ߩߎߣ‫ޕ‬104ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ޔ‬5$#̉U5WTGV[$QPF)WCTCPVGG2TQITCO4CKUGU%GKNKPIVQOKNNKQP̍:

24ἴኂᡰេࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ105ἴኂᡰេࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔Disaster Assistance Loans㧕ߪ‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣ⊛ἴኂࡠ࡯ࡦએᄖߢ‫ޔ‬ἴኂት⸒߇಴ߐࠇߚ࿾ၞߩ୘ੱ106ߣ‫ޔ‬ડᬺ㧔ⷙᮨߪ໧ࠊߥ޿㧕ߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ߇Ⲣ⾗ࠍⴕ
߁㊄Ⲣᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬หࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߪ‫ⵍޔ‬ἴౝኈߥߤߦࠃࠅᦨᄢߢ 200 ਁ࠼࡞ߦ਄ࠆ
4 ⒳㘃ߩࡠ࡯ࡦ㧔୘ੱะߌ 2 ⒳‫ޔ‬ડᬺะߌ 2 ⒳㧕ࠍឭଏߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬એਅߪડᬺะߌߩࡠ࡯ࡦߢ
޽ࠆ107‫ޕ‬Ԟx ੐ᬺ⠪ะߌ‛ℂ⊛ἴኂࡠ࡯ࡦ㧔Business Physical Disaster Loans㧕㧦ਛዊડᬺߦ㒢ࠄߕోߡߩ᳃㑆༡೑࡮㕖༡೑ડᬺߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ਇേ↥‫ޔ‬ᯏ᪾‫ޔ⟎ⵝޔ‬஻ຠ‫ޔ‬࿷ᐶຠߩୃℂ
޽ࠆ޿ߪขᦧ߃߿‫‛ࠬ࡯࡝ޔ‬ઙߩୃᓳߩߚ߼ߦ‫ᦨޔ‬ᄢ 200 ਁ࠼࡞ߩⲢ⾗ࠍⴕ߁ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓx ਛ ዊ ડ ᬺ ะ ߌ ⚻ ᷣ ⊛ ៊ ኂ ࡠ ࡯ ࡦ 㧔 Economic Injury Disaster Loans for Small
Business㧕㧦‛ℂ⊛៊ኂߩ᦭ήߦ߆߆ࠊࠄߕᷓೞߥ⚻ᷣ⊛៊ኂߦ⧰ߒ߻ਛዊડᬺਗ߮
ߦ᳃㑆㕖༡೑࿅૕ో⥸ߦኻߒ‫ᦨޔ‬ᄢ 200 ਁ࠼࡞ࠍ਄㒢ߦ⽷᡽ᡰេࠍⴕ߁ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫ޕ‬ἴኂߦࠃߞߡ⚻ᷣ⊛៊ኂࠍ⋥ធⵍߞߚਛዊડᬺ߇ㆇォ⾗㊄ࠍ⛽ᜬߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆߎ
ߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᄁ਄៊ᄬ߿ᱦ౉៊ᄬߦߪㆡ↪ߐࠇߥ޿ԟࡊ࡜ࠗࡓ㧔PRIME㧕࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
ࡊ࡜ࠗࡓ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔ᣂ⥝㔖⚦ડᬺะߌࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫ޔ‬PRIME : Program for Investment
in Micro-entrepreneurs㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚᡰេ㧔Technical Assistance Grant㧕‫ޔ‬⢻ജᒝൻ(Capacity
Building Grant)‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥ࡮㐿⊒(Research and Development Grant)‫( ⊛⋡↱⥄ޔ‬Discretionary
Grant)ߩ 4 ⒳ߩഥᚑ㊄ࠍ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⥝㔖⚦ડᬺะߌߦ⛎ઃߔࠆࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ഥᚑ㊄ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
ో૕ߢ‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚᡰេߦ 75%‫ޔ‬⢻ജ㐿⊒ߦ 15%‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥ࡮㐿⊒ᚗ޿ߪߘߩઁߩ⋡⊛ߦ 10%ࠍ㈩ಽߔࠆ
੐ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬ഥᚑ㊄✚㗵ߩඨಽએ਄ߪ‫ࡦࠕࠖ࠺ࡦࠗޔ‬ዬ⇐࿾࿷૑⠪ࠍ฽߻㊀ᐲૐᚲᓧ⠪ࠍኻ⽎ߦ⛎ઃߐࠇࠆߎߣߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ108‫ޕ‬2009 ᐕᐲߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇߥߤ 58 ࿅૕߇ߎߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜
ࡓ߆ࠄഥᚑ㊄ࠍฃߌขߞߡ޿ࠆ109‫ޕ‬
2.2.2.

ᜰዉ࡮⎇ୃԘਛዊડᬺ㐿⊒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ਛዊડᬺ㐿⊒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧔SBDC㧦Small Business Development Centers㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ߿⿠ᬺ
ኅࠍኻ⽎ߦ‫ߩࠣࡦ࡝࠮ࡦ࠙ࠞ࡮ୃ⎇ޔ‬ᒻᑼߢડᬺ⚻༡ߦᔅⷐߥࡁ࠙ࡂ࠙ࠍឭଏߔࠆ᜚ὐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

http://www.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_homepage/sba_rcvry_act_surety_bonds.pdf (p.1)
105ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ ޔ‬For Businesses of All Sizes̍:
http://www.sba.gov/services/disasterassistance/businessesofallsizes/index.html
106ࡆࠫࡀࠬߣ⋥ធή㑐ଥߥᜬኅ଻᦭⠪߿⾓⾉ࠍߔࠆ⠪߽฽߻
107ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ ޔ‬Disaster Assistance Loan Program̍:
http://www.sba.gov/financialassistance/borrowers/guaranteed/dalp/FINANCIAL_B_GLP_DALP_OVERVIEW.htm
l108ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ ޔ‬PRIME Program̍㧦
http://www.sba.gov/financialassistance/prospectivelenders/prime/index.html
109ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫ޔ‬
̌SBA PRIME Grantees (by State)Fiscal Year 2009̍㧦
http://www.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_homepage/serv_fa_l_prime_sba-prime_2009.pdf

25

ਛዊડᬺ㐿⊒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߪ⃻࿷‫ ☨ోޔ‬50 Ꮊ෸߮ࡢࠪࡦ࠻ࡦ DC‫ޔࠕࡕࠨޔࠦ࡝࠻࡞ࠛࡊޔࡓࠕࠣޔ‬ࡃ࡯ࠫࡦ⻉ፉߦว⸘ 63 ▎ᚲ110⸳⟎ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬஺ਅߦ 1,100 ▎ᚲߩࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯߇
ὐ࿷ߒߡ޿ࠆ111‫ޕ‬ᡰេಽ㊁ߪ‫⽷ޔ‬ോ‫▤↥↢ޔࠣࡦࠖ࠹ࠤ࡯ࡑޔ‬ℂ‫ޔࠣࡦ࡝ࠕ࠾ࠫࡦࠛޔ‬ᛛⴚᡰេ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙⾏ᤃ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⺞㆐‫ޔ‬࿾ၞߩ⚻ᷣ⊒ዷߥߤ‫ޔ‬ᄙጘߦਗ਼ࠆ112‫ޕ‬ᴺᦡ⇇‫ޔ‬㊄Ⲣ⇇‫ޔ‬ቇⴚ⇇߿ᬺ⇇࿅૕ߥߤ߆ࠄኾ㐷ኅ߇ࡏ࡜ࡦ࠹ࠖࠕߢࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍឭଏߔࠆ߶
߆‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ᕈ߇㜞޿ಽ㊁ߩࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠲ࡦ࠻߿ࠛࡦࠫ࠾ࠕ㧔᦭ఘ㧕߽㈩஻ߒߡ޿ࠆ113‫ޕ‬ห࠮ࡦ࠲࡯
ߩㆇ༡⾗㊄ߩ߁ߜ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߩ⽶ᜂߪᦨᄢ 50㧑ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᱷࠅߪᎺ࡮࿾ᣇ᡽ᐭ‫ޔ‬Ꮊ᡽ᐭㆇ༡
ߩ⚻ᷣ㐿⊒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫ޔ‬Ꮊ┙࡮⑳┙ᄢቇ‫ઁߩߘޔ‬ᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߥߤ߇⾔ߞߡ޿ࠆ114‫ޕ‬ԙਛዊડᬺ⎇ୃࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ
ਛዊડᬺ⎇ୃࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ㧔SBTN㧦Small Business Training Network㧕ߪ‫⿠ޔ‬ᬺ߿ਛዊડ
ᬺ⚻༡ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ୃࠦ࡯ࠬࠍࠝࡦ࡜ࠗࡦߢឭଏߔࠆࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻ࡌ࡯ࠬߩ⎇ୃ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߩ⿠ᬺኅ㐿⊒ቶ㧔Office of Entrepreneurial Development㧕߇ਛᔃߣߥߞߡㆇ༡ߒ
ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬หᐡߩ㊄Ⲣᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ⚫੺ࠍᆎ߼‫ޔ‬ળ⸘‫ޔ‬੐ᬺ⸘↹‫⿠ޔ‬ᬺᖱႎ‫⚻ޔ‬༡‫ޔ‬᡽ᐭ⺞㆐‫ޔ‬ࡑ࡯ࠤ࠹ࠖࡦࠣ࡮ᐢ๔╬ߩࠦ࡯ࠬ߇ឭଏߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ115‫ޕ‬Ԛᅚᕈ੐ᬺ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
ਛዊડᬺᐡߩᅚᕈ੐ᬺਥዪ㧔OWBO㧦1HHKEGQH9QOGP̉U$WUKPGUU1YPGTUJKR㧕߇ో☨ 50 Ꮊߦ⸳⟎ߒߚᅚᕈ੐ᬺ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߦࠃࠆᵴേࠍ⋙〈ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᅚᕈ੐ᬺ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯߿⿠ᬺኅߦࠃࠆ⚻༡࡮ᛛⴚᡰេࠍㅢߓߡ‫⚻ߦ․ޔ‬ᷣ⊛෶ߪ␠ળ⊛ߦᒙ޿┙႐ߦ޽ࠆߣߐࠇࠆᅚᕈߩ⿠ᬺ߿੐ᬺ᜛
ᄢߦ㑐ߔࠆ൮᜝⊛ߥ⎇ୃ࡮ࠞ࠙ࡦ࠮࡝ࡦࠣࠍ‫ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ߥ⸒⺆ߦࠃߞߡឭଏߒߡ޿ࠆ116‫ޕ‬
2.2.3.

⺞㆐ᡰេ⋭ᐡᮮᢿဳ⺞㆐⋡ᮡ୯ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ⋭ᐡߦ߅ߌࠆ᳃㑆ડᬺ߆ࠄߩ⺞㆐㗵ߪ‫ޔ‬ᐕ㑆 4,250 ం࠼࡞એ਄ߩᏂᄢᏒ႐ߢ޽ࠆ117‫ޕ‬
110࠹ࠠࠨࠬᎺߦߪ 4 ▎ᚲ‫ࠕ࠾࡞ࠜࡈ࡝ࠞޔ‬Ꮊߦߪ 6 ▎ᚲ⸳⟎ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬಴ᚲ㧦࡮ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ ޔ‬Small Business Development Center FY/CY 2010 Program Announcement For
Renewal of the Cooperative Agreement for Current Recipient Organizations̍:
http://www.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_program_office/sbdc_program_announcement_2010.p
df 㧔p.4㧕࡮ో☨ߩ SBDC ᚲ࿷࿾㧦http://www.sba.gov/aboutsba/sbaprograms/sbdc/sbdclocator/index.html
111ਛዊડᬺᐡ ‫̌ޔ‬6JG1HHKEGQH5OCNN$WUKPGUU&GXGNQROGPV%GPVGTU̍:
http://www.sba.gov/aboutsba/sbaprograms/sbdc/aboutus/index.html The Office of Small Business
Development Centers ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬112ห਄‫ޕ‬What the Program Does ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬113ਛዊડᬺᐡ ‫̌ޔ‬6JG1HHKEGQH5OCNN$WUKPGUU&GXGNQROGPV%GPVGTU̍:
http://www.sba.gov/aboutsba/sbaprograms/sbdc/aboutus/index.html The Office of Small Business
Development Centers ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬114
ห਄‫ޕ‬Funding ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬115
http://www.sba.gov/training/index.html
116ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ޔ‬1HHKEGQH9QOGP U$WUKPGUU1YPGTUJKR 'PVTGRTGPGWTKCN&GXGNQROGPV̍:
http://www.sba.gov/aboutsba/sbaprograms/onlinewbc/index.html
117ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ޔ‬%QPVTCEVKPI1RRQTVWPKVKGU̍㧔⺞㆐ᯏળߦ㑐ߔࠆࡍ࡯ࠫ㧕 :http://www.sba.gov/contractingopportunities/index.html

26ਛዊડᬺᐡߪ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ߇⊒ᵈߔࠆ੐ᬺߩ৻ㇱࠍਛዊડᬺ߳ഀᒰߡࠆߚ߼ߩᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߣߒ ߡ ‫ ⋭ ޟޔ‬ᐡ ᮮ ᢿ ဳ ⺞ ㆐ ⋡ ᮡ ୯ ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ ࡜ ࡓ 㧔 Government-wide Procurement Preference
Goaling Program㧕‫ޔߌ⸳ࠍޠ‬ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ߆ࠄߩ⺞㆐㗵ో૕ߩ 23㧑߇ਛዊડᬺߦഀࠅᒰߡࠄࠇࠆ
ࠃ߁ߦ᳞߼ߡ޿ࠆ㧔⹦⚦ߪ 6.2.1 ࠍෳᾖ㧕118‫ޕ‬

2.3. ࠝࡃࡑ᡽ᮭ⊒⿷ᓟߩᣂߒ޿ขࠅ⚵ߺߎߎߢߪ‫ࡑࡃࠝޔ‬᡽ᮭ⊒⿷ᓟߦ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ߇ᣂ⸳࡮᜛ᄢߒߚࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߿ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃ
ࠆᣂߚߥឭ᩺ౝኈߩ߁ߜ‫ߩߤߥ⸽଻ࡦ࡯ࡠޔ‬㊄Ⲣᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ᜛ᄢ߿᡽ᐭ⺞㆐ߦ㑐ߔࠆਛዊડᬺᡰេߩჇᒝએᄖߩขࠅ⚵ߺࠍ⚫੺ߔࠆ㧔㊄Ⲣᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ෸߮᡽ᐭ⺞㆐ߦߟ޿ߡߪ╙6 ┨ෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬x ਛዊડᬺࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖࠨࠗ࠻ߩ┙ߜ਄ߍ㧦ਛዊડᬺᐡߪ 2009 ᐕ 3 ᦬‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ੐ᬺਥ
߿↥ᬺኾ㐷ኅ‫ޔ‬᡽ᐭ㑐ଥ⠪߇ડᬺ⚻༡ߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎࠍ౒᦭ߔࠆ႐ߣߥࠆ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻
(http://Community.Business.gov)ࠍ┙ߜ਄ߍߚ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺ੐ᬺਥ߇‫ⶄޔ‬㔀ߥ᡽╷࡮ⷙ೙߿‫ߩࠬࡀࠫࡆޔ‬ᯏળߥߤߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎࠍലᨐ⊛ߦ෼㓸ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆߎߣ߇⋡⊛ߢ‫ޔ‬ෳട⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙ⿠ᬺ࡮⊓⸥‫ޔ‬ԙ⥄༡࡮࿷ቛࡆࠫࡀࠬ‫ޔ‬Ԛࡠ࡯ࡦ‫⵬ޔ‬ഥ㊄‫ޔ‬ԛ⒢‫ޔ‬Ԝ᡽ᐭ⺞㆐‫ޔ‬ԝߘߩઁࡆࠫࡀࠬ਄ߩ໧㗴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⾰໧ࠍ⥄↱ߦⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߣߣ߽
ߦ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩ໧㗴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏⺰ࠍⴕ߁ࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓߦෳടߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ119‫ޕ‬x IEEE-USA ߣߩㅪ៤㧦2009 ᐕ 6 ᦬‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߪ‫ޔ‬㔚᳇࡮㔚ሶಽ㊁ߦ߅ߌࠆ਎⇇ᦨᄢߩቇળߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟ‬㔚᳇㔚ሶᛛⴚ⠪දળ㧔IEEE㧦Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers㧕‫ߩޠ‬஺ਅߢ☨࿖ળຬߦ㑐ߔࠆᮭ⋉߿᡽╷ߦ㑐ߔࠆᡰេᵴേࠍⴕ߁ᯏ㑐ߢ޽ࠆ IEEE-USA ߣ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᡰេߦߟ޿ߡㅪ៤ߔࠆߚ߼ߩⷡᦠࠍ✦⚿ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߪ‫ޔ‬หᐡߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߿ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߥߤߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎࠍ IEEE-USA ߣ౒᦭ߔࠆ߶߆‫ޔ‬IEEE-USA߇ਥ௅ߔࠆⴕ੐ߦᡰេ㧔⾗㊄߿⻠Ṷ⠪ߥߤߩ࡝࠰࡯ࠬ㧕ࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣࠍ᳿ቯߒߡ޿
ࠆ120‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬IEE-USA ߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ㐿⊒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧔SBDC㧕‫ޔ‬ᅚᕈߩߚ߼ߩࡆࠫࡀࠬ࠮ࡦ
࠲࡯‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߦኻߔࠆࠞ࠙ࡦ࠮࡝ࡦࠣࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍឭଏߔࠆ㕖༡೑࿅૕ߩ‫ࠕࠦࠬޟ‬㧔SCORE Counselors to Americảs Small Business㧕‫ߣޠ‬දജߒ‫ޔ‬ฦ࿅૕ߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜
ࡓ߿ࠗࡌࡦ࠻‫ޔ‬෸߮ࡏ࡜ࡦ࠹ࠖࠕߩᯏળߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎ╬ࠍળຬߦឭଏߔࠆ੍ቯߢ޽ࠆ
121‫ޕ‬x ‫ޟ‬ਛዊડᬺߩቯ⟵‫ߩޠ‬᜛ᄢୃᱜࠍឭ᩺㧦ਛዊડᬺᐡߪ 2009 ᐕ 10 ᦬‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺࠍቯ⟵ߔࠆ႐วߩၮḰߣߥࠆડᬺⷙᮨၮḰߩ൮᜝ୃᱜࠍឭ᩺ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆᄙ᭽ߥ
ᡰេ╷ࠍࠃࠅᄙߊߩਛዊડᬺߦឭଏߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߒߡ‫ޔ‬ㄭᐕߩ↥ᬺ࡮Ꮢ႐᭴ㅧ෸߮ࡆ
ࠫࡀࠬࡕ࠺࡞ߩᄌൻߦኻᔕߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ122‫ߩߎޕ‬ឭ᩺ߢߪ‫ޔ‬71 ⒳㧔߁ߜ
118ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫)̌ޔ‬QCNKPI2TQITCO̍㧔⋭ᐡᮮᢿဳߩ⺞㆐⋡ᮡ୯ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧕㧦
http://www.sba.gov/aboutsba/sbaprograms/goals/index.html
119
http://Community.Business.gov㧧 http://community.business.gov/bsng/local/faq.html
120IEEE-USA ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬ࡝࡝࡯ࠬ㧔2009 ᐕ 6 ᦬ 23 ᣣ㧕̌+'''-USA and Small Business Administration
Partner to Assist High-Tech EntrepreneWTU̍:
http://www.ieeeusa.org/communications/releases/2009/062309.asp
121
ห਄‫ޕ‬
122
ਛዊડᬺᐡ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬ࡝࡝࡯ࠬ㧔2009 ᐕ 10 ᦬ 26 ᣣ㧕 ̌5$#2TQRQUGU4GXKUKQPQH5K\G5VCPFCTFU
To Expand Opportunities for SmalN$WUKPGUUGU̍:
http://www.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_homepage/news_release_09-74.pdf

27

3 ಽߩ 2 ߪዊᄁ⽼ᄁߩಽ㊁߇‫ޔ‬ᱷࠅ 3 ಽߩ㧝ߪኋᴱ‫ޔ‬㘩ຠࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ‫ࠬࡆ࡯ࠨઁߩߘޔ‬↥ᬺ㧕ߩ੐ᬺߦᓥ੐ߔࠆડᬺߩⷙᮨߦ㑐ߔࠆၮḰ᜛ᄢ߇ᬌ⸛ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ123‫ޕ‬
x 8(a)ࡆࠫࡀࠬ㐿⊒ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ 㧔8(a) Business Development program 㧕ߩᡷༀࠍឭ
᩺㧦␠ળ⊛࡮⚻ᷣ⊛ߦਇ೑ߥ┙႐ߦ޽ࠆਛዊડᬺߩ┹੎ജࠍ⢒ᚑߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒ‫ޔ‬ߎࠇࠄߩਛዊડᬺߦኻߒߡ‫߿ୃ⎇ޔ‬ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ߆ࠄߩ⺞㆐ᯏળߩ⚫੺ߥߤࠍⴕ߁ࡊࡠࠣ
࡜ࡓߢ޽ࠆ 8(a)ࡆࠫࡀࠬ㐿⊒ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍᒝൻߔࠆߚ߼ߩᡷᱜࠍឭ᩺‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ‫ޔ‬หࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩෳടၮḰߣߥࠆ‫⚻ޟ‬ᷣ⊛ߦਇ೑ߥ┙႐㧔Economic Disadvantage㧕‫ߩޠ‬ቯ⟵ࠍ᣿⏕ൻߒߚࠅ‫ޔ‬หࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߇ឭଏߔࠆࡔࡦ࠲࡯೙ᐲߦ߅޿ߡ‫ߦࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊޔ‬ෳടߔࠆਛዊડᬺ߇‫ߩ␠⥄ޔ‬੐ᬺ⸘↹ߦ⋥ធ㑐ଥߩ޽ࠆᡰេࠍฃߌࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆ
ߥߤߩឭ᩺߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ124‫ޕ‬x E200 ࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠴ࡉ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔Emerging 200 Initiative Program㧕ߩ᜛ᄢ㧦ਛዊડᬺᐡߪ 2009 ᐕ 11 ᦬‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ੐ᬺਥࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ⚻༡⠪⎇ୃࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠴ࡉ125ߣߒߡ‫⺞ᧄ⾗ޔ‬㆐߿᡽ᐭ⺞㆐ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ୃߥߤ‫ޔ‬੐ᬺ᜛ᄢᚢ⇛ߩ㐿⊒ߦ㊀ὐࠍ⟎ߊ⍴ᦼ㓸ਛࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߢ޽ࠆ E200 ࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠴ࡉ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ126ߩኻ⽎᜛ᄢߣᡰេᒝൻࠍ⊒⴫ߒߚ㧔⴫ 6 ෳᾖ㧕127‫ࡑࡃࠝߪࠇߎޕ‬ᄢ⛔㗔߇ห 11 ᦬ 5 ᣣ‫ޔ‬వ૑᳃ዬ⇐࿾࿷૑⠪ߩ 8 ഀ߇ᄬᬺ⁁ᘒߦ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬వ૑᳃ߩ 4 ಽߩ 1 ߇⽺࿎ߦ⧰ߒ߻ታᖱࠍ⹺⼂ߒ‫ޔ‬వ૑᳃ߦኻߔࠆ
ᡰេࠍផㅴߔࠆߎߣࠍ౏⚂ߒߚߎߣ128 ࠍฃߌߡ᳿ቯߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔ߅ߥޕ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߩ⊒⴫ߦࠃࠆߣ‫ߦߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬หࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍ೑↪ߒߚડᬺߩඨᢙએ਄߇෼⋉Ⴧടࠍ⚻㛎ߒ‫ޔ‬3 ಽߩ 2 ߇ᣂߚߦ㓹↪ࠍഃ಴ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߦୃ⎇ߦࠄߐޕ‬ෳടߒߚડᬺߦࠃࠆ
ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ⺞㆐㗵ߩว⸘߇ 130 ਁ࠼࡞ࠍ⿥߃ࠆߥߤ129‫ߪࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊޔ‬㜞޿ലᨐࠍ਄ߍߡ
޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
⴫ 6 E200 ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓኻ⽎ㇺᏒ᜛ᄢ㧔2009 ᐕ 11 ᦬㧕ㇺᏒㇱᏒ႐㧔Urban Markets㧕㧕వ૑᳃ࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ㧔Native American
Communities㧕㧕ࡈࡠ࡝࠳Ꮊࠫࡖࠢ࠰ࡦࡆ࡞Ꮢ
ࠦࡠ࡜࠼Ꮊ࠺ࡦࡃ࡯Ꮢ
࠹ࠠࠨࠬᎺ࠳࡜ࠬᏒ
࠾ࡘ࡯ࡔࠠࠪࠦᎺࠕ࡞ࡃࠞ࡯ࠠ࡯Ꮢ
࡚ࠫ࡯ࠫࠕᎺࠕ࠻࡜ࡦ࠲Ꮢ
࠾ࡘ࡯ࡔࠠࠪࠦᎺࠡࡖ࡜࠶ࡊᏒ
ࠕࠗࠝࡢᎺ࠺ࡕࠗࡦᏒ
ࠝ࡟ࠧࡦᎺࡐ࡯࠻࡜ࡦ࠼Ꮢ
ࡑࠨ࠴ࡘ࡯࠮࠶࠷Ꮊࡏࠬ࠻ࡦᏒ
࠙ࠖࠬࠦࡦࠪࡦᎺࡒ࡞࠙ࠜ࡯ࠠ࡯Ꮢ
ࡔ࡝࡯࡜ࡦ࠼Ꮊࡏ࡞࠴ࡕࠕᏒ
ࠕ࡝࠱࠽Ꮊ࠲ࠢ࠰ࡦᏒ
ࡒࠪࠟࡦᎺ࠺࠻ࡠࠗ࠻Ꮢ
ࠕ࡝࠱࠽Ꮊࡈࠚ࠾࠶ࠢࠬᏒ
ࡍࡦࠪ࡞ࡃ࠾ࠕᎺࡈࠖ࡜࠺࡞ࡈࠖࠕᏒ
ࠝࠢ࡜ࡎࡑᎺࠝࠢ࡜ࡎࡑᏒ
123

ห਄‫ޕ‬
ਛዊડᬺᐡ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬ࡝࡝࡯ࠬ㧔2009 ᐕ 10 ᦬ 28 ᣣ㧕̌5$#2TQRQUGU0GY4GIWNCVions to Strengthen the C $WUKPGUU&GXGNQROGPV2TQITCOHQT5OCNN$WUKPGUUGU̍:
http://www.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_homepage/news_release_09-75.pdf
125ਛዊડᬺᐡ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬ࡝࡝࡯ࠬ㧔2009 ᐕ 11 ᦬ 12 ᣣ㧕̌5$#'ZRCPFÜG̉+PKVKCVKXGVQ/QTG%KVKGU#FFU(QEWUQP0CVKXG#OGTKECP$WUKPGUU1YPGTU̍:
http://www.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_homepage/news_release_09-79.pdf 㧔p.1㧕
126ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ޔ‬E200̍: http://www.sba.gov/e200/index.html
127ห਄‫ ޕ‬㧔p.1㧕
128ห਄‫ ޕ‬㧔p.1㧕
129ਛዊડᬺᐡ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬ࡝࡝࡯ࠬ㧔2009 ᐕ 11 ᦬ 12 ᣣ㧕̌5$#'ZRCPFÜG̉+PKVKCVKXGVQ/QTG%Kties,#FFU(QEWUQP0CVKXG#OGTKECP$WUKPGUU1YPGTU̍ 㧔p.1㧕
124

28

࠹ࡀࠪ࡯ᎺࡔࡦࡈࠖࠬᏒ
ࠗ࡝ࡁࠗᎺࠪࠞࠧᏒ

ࠝࠢ࡜ࡎࡑᎺ࠲࡞ࠨᏒ
ࠞ࡝ࡈࠜ࡞࠾ࠕᎺࠨࡦ࠲ࠕ࠽Ꮢ
ࡢࠪࡦ࠻ࡦᎺࠪࠕ࠻࡞Ꮢ
࡞ࠗࠫࠕ࠽Ꮊ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠝ࡝ࡦ࠭Ꮢ

಴ᚲ㧦ਛዊડᬺᐡ130130ห਄‫ ޕ‬㧔p.2㧕ዏ‫ޔ‬ฦ੐ോዪߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻ߪߎߜࠄ߆ࠄ㧦
http://www.sba.gov/e200/participatingdistrictofficewebsites/index.html

29

╙3┨

ㄭᐕߩਛዊડᬺᐡߦ߅ߌࠆᬺ❣⹏ଔ㨯੍▚

3.1. 2008 ᐕᐲᬺ❣⹏ଔᧄ▵ߢߪ‫ޔ‬2008 ᐕᐲ㧔2007 ᐕ 10 ᦬ 1 ᣣ㨪2008 ᐕ 9 ᦬ 30 ᣣ㧕ߩਛዊડᬺᐡߩᬺ❣ߩ߁ߜ‫ޔ‬․ߦ⃻᡽ᮭߢਛዊડᬺᐡ߇ᒝൻߒߚฦ⒳ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᒰᤨߩᚑᨐࠍਛᔃߦ᭎ⷰߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
2009 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 16 ᣣߦਛዊડᬺᐡ߇ਅ㒮ߦឭ಴ߒߚ 2008 ᐕᐲᐕᰴᬺ❣ႎ๔ᦠ㧔FY 2008
Annual Performance Report㧕ࠍ߽ߣߦ‫ޔ‬หᐕᐲߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺᐡߩਥⷐߥᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
ߩᬺ❣ࠍ⴫ 7 ߦ߹ߣ߼ࠆ131‫ޕ‬
⴫ 7 2008 ᐕᐲᚢ⇛⋡ᮡ㧝ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓᬺ❣⹏ଔ
ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
2008 ᐕᐲ⋡ᮡ 2008 ᐕᐲታ❣
⋡ᮡߣߩᏅ⇣㊄Ⲣᡰេ7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
㧔ࡠ࡯ࡦઙᢙ㧕

99,494 ઙ

64,514 ઙ-35%

504 ౏⹺㐿⊒౏␠ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
㧔ࡠ࡯ࡦઙᢙ㧕

11,185 ઙ

8,630 ઙ-23%ࡑࠗࠢࡠࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
㧔ࡠ࡯ࡦઙᢙ㧕

2,500 ઙ2,682 ઙ7%ਛዊડᬺᛩ⾗ળ␠ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
㧔ᡰេߒߚਛዊડᬺߩᢙ㧕

1,770 ␠1,905 ␠8%࿖㓙⾏ᤃࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
㧔ࡠ࡯ࡦઙᢙ㧕2,975 ઙ3,090 ઙ4%ἴኂᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
㧔ࡠ࡯ࡦઙᢙ㧕

N/A

15,128 ઙ

N/A

6,000

6,055

1%

ਛዊડᬺ㐿⊒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯(SBDC)㧔ਛዊડᬺ┙ߜ਄ߍᢙ㧕6,000 ␠12,730 ␠

112%ᅚᕈ੐ᬺ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
㧔ਛዊડᬺ┙ߜ਄ߍᢙ㧕

618 ␠

727 ␠

18%

85 ం࠼࡞

N/A

N/A଻⸽ᦠ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
㧔଻⸽ᦠ଻⸽ᢙ㧕⚻༡࡮ᛛⴚᡰេ

⺞㆐ᡰេ
HUBZone 㧔ᐕ㑆⺞㆐㗵㧕಴ᚲ㧦ਛዊડᬺᐡ132

131ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫ޔ‬2008 ᐕᐲᐕᰴᬺ❣ႎ๔ᦠ㧔FY 2008 Annual Performance Report㧕㧦
http://www.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_homepage/serv_abtsba_2008_apr_001-040.pdf
132ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫ޔ‬2008 ᐕᐲᐕᰴᬺ❣ႎ๔ᦠ㧔FY 2008 Annual Performance Report㧕㧔pp.1㨪40㧕㧦
http://www.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_homepage/serv_abtsba_2008_apr_001-040.pdf
ฦࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎࠍᛮ☴ߒ‫ޕߚ߼ߣ߹ޔ‬30

⴫ 7 ߩฦࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᚑᨐࠍએਅߦ߹ߣ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔⋡ᮡߣታ❣ߩᏅ⇣㧦-35%㧕
2008 ᐕ⑺એ㒠ߩ᥊᳇ᖡൻߦࠃࠅ‫ߩ⾗Ⲣޔ‬ᛚ⹺߇ᷫዋߒ‫⋡ޔ‬ᮡ୯ࠍ 35%ਅ࿁ߞߚ133‫ޕ‬ૐ⺞ߥⲢ⾗ታ❣ࠍฃߌ‫ޔ‬᳃㑆㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߦਛዊડᬺᐡߩࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩሽ࿷ࠍᐢႎߒߚࠅ‫ࡦ࡯ࡠޔ‬ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍ◲⚛ൻߒ‫ޔ‬ㅢᏱߩ᧦ઙߩਅߢߪ᳃㑆߆ࠄⲢ⾗ࠍฃߌࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߥਛዊડ
ᬺࠍਛᔃߦ‫ޔ‬੐ᬺ߿ᓥᬺຬᢙߩ⛽ᜬ࡮᜛ᄢߦะߌߡ⾗㊄⺞㆐߇ᔅⷐߥਛዊડᬺ߇Ⲣ⾗ࠍฃߌࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߥขࠅ⚵ߺࠍㅴ߼ߡ޿ࠆ134‫ޕ‬
504 ౏⹺㐿⊒౏␠ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔⋡ᮡߣታ❣ߩᏅ⇣㧦-23%㧕
7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߣห᭽ߦ‫ޔ‬ਇᴫߩᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߡ⋡ᮡ୯ࠍ 23%ਅ࿁ࠆ⚿ᨐߣߥߞߚ135‫ޕ‬ߘߩઁߩᬺ❣ߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᣢߦ 7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦߪ᥉෸ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߣ᳃
㑆㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߣߩ⋥ធ㔚ሶࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡈࠚ࡯ࠬߢ޽ࠆ ETran ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߇ 504 ౏⹺㐿⊒౏␠ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮
ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦ߽ዉ౉ߐࠇߚ136‫ޕ‬ETran ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ೑↪ߔࠆߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬୫ࠅᚻߢ޽ࠆਛዊડᬺߦ߅
޿ߡߪࡠ࡯ࡦ↳⺧ߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ߇ଦㅴߐࠇ‫⸵ࡦ࡯ࡠޔ‬น࡮ਇนߩ⚿ᨐ߇ߔߋߦಽ߆ࠆߣ޿߁ࡔ࡝
࠶࠻߇޽ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫ࡦ࡯ࡠ߿⺧↳ࡦ࡯ࡠޔ‬ઃਈߩో૕ߩ⁁ᴫࠍᛠីߢ߈
ࠆߣ޿߁೑ὐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࡑࠗࠢࡠࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔⋡ᮡߣታ❣ߩᏅ⇣㧦7%㧕
2008 ᐕ 9 ᦬਄ᣨ߹ߢߩᬺ❣ߪ⧐ߒߊߥߊ‫ޔ‬2007 ᐕᐲߩⲢ⾗ઙᢙࠍਅ࿁ߞߡ޿ߚ߇‫ޔ‬㊄Ⲣෂᯏ߇⴫㕙ൻߔࠆߦߟࠇ‫ޔ‬㌁ⴕ߆ࠄߩⲢ⾗߇ᦸ߼ߥߊߥߞߚਛዊડᬺ߇หࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍ೑↪ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߚ߼‫⾗Ⲣޔ‬ઙᢙߪᦨ⚳⊛ߦ⋡ᮡ୯ࠍ 7%਄࿁ߞߚ137‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺᛩ⾗ળ␠㧔SBIC㧕ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔⋡ᮡߣታ❣ߩᏅ⇣㧦8%㧕
⚂ 2,000 ␠ߦኻߒ 220 ం࠼࡞⿥ߩ⾗ᧄ⺞㆐ࠍᡰេߒߚ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆㆡಾߥ࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂࠍ
଻ᜬߒ‫ޔ‬ᛩ⾗ኅ߇หࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦෳടߒ߿ߔߊߥࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬หᐡߪ‫▤࠲࡯࠺ޔ‬ℂᯏ⢻ߩᒝൻߥߤࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓㆇ༡ߩᡷༀߦ߽ขࠅ⚵ࠎߛ138‫ޕ‬࿖㓙⾏ᤃࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔⋡ᮡߣታ❣ߩᏅ⇣㧦4%㧕
2008 ᐕᐲߩⲢ⾗ઙᢙߪ⋡ᮡ୯ࠍ 4%਄࿁ࠆ 3,090 ઙࠍᢙ߃ߚ139‫ߒ⾉ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᚻߣߥࠆ᳃㑆㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐 3,200 ␠ߦኻߔࠆ⎇ୃ‫ޔ‬ห 2,800 ␠ߦኻߔࠆࠞ࠙ࡦ࠮࡝ࡦࠣࠍታᣉߒߚ߶߆‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ6,300 ␠ߦኻߔࠆ⎇ୃ‫ޔ‬ห 4,500 ␠ߦኻߔࠆࠞ࠙ࡦ࠮࡝ࡦ߽ࠣⴕߞߚ140‫ޕ‬ἴኂᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔⋡ᮡߣታ❣ߩᏅ⇣㧦⋡ᮡ୯ߥߒ㧕Ფᐕ⚂ 10 ం࠼࡞ߩἴኂᡰេⲢ⾗ࠍⴕ߁ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ141‫ޕ‬2008 ᐕᐲߪ‫ ⚂ޔ‬5 ਁઙߩࡠ࡯ࡦ↳⺧ߩ
133ห਄‫ޕ‬㧔p.15㧕Variance Explanation ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬ห਄‫ޕ‬㧔p.16㧕FY 2008 Accomplishments ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬135
ห਄‫ޕ‬㧔p.17㧕Variance Explanation ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬136ห਄‫ޕ‬㧔p.18㧕FY 2008 Accomplishments ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬137
ห਄‫ޕ‬㧔p.19㧕FY 2008 Accomplishments ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬138
ห਄‫ޕ‬㧔p.21㧕FY 2008 Accomplishments ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬139ห਄‫(ޕ‬p.22) ⴫㧔International Trade㧕ਛ‫ޔ‬Loans Funded (#)(FY 2008 Actual)ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬140ห਄‫(ޕ‬p.22) FY 2008 Accomplishments ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬141ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫ޔ‬2008 ᐕᐲᐕᰴᬺ❣ႎ๔ᦠ㧔FY 2008 Annual Performance Report㧕㧔pp.41㨪76㧕:
134

31

߁ߜ‫ޔ‬ว⸘ 1 ਁ 5,128 ઙ‫✚ޔ‬㗵 8 ం 2,584 ਁ 100 ࠼࡞ߩⲢ⾗ࠍឭଏߒߚ142‫ޕ‬଻⸽ᦠ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔⋡ᮡߣታ❣ߩᏅ⇣㧦1%㧕
6,055 ઙߩ଻⸽ᦠ଻⸽ࠍታᣉߒߚ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߪߎࠇߦࠃࠅ‫ ⚂ޔ‬5,075 ߩᣂⷙ㓹↪߇ታ⃻ߒߚߣ੍᷹ߒߡ޿ࠆ143‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᒰ⹥ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓታᣉߦ߅޿ߡਛዊડᬺᐡߣ଻⸽ᦠ⊒ⴕ㊄Ⲣᬺ⇇ߩ㑐ଥࠍᒝൻߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡ᜰߒߚࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉ߇ⶄᢙ⚳ੌߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߪࡉࠖ࠹ࠕࠪ࠾ࠗߩߎޕ‬Ԙലᨐ࡮ല₸ᕈࠍ㜞߼ࠆߚ߼ߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓౝኈᄌᦝ᩺ߩ╷ቯ‫ޔ‬ԙหࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦෳടߔࠆਛዊડ
ᬺߩ․ᓽ࡮Ꮢ႐ⷙᮨ߿‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ෸଻⸽ᦠ⊒ⴕ㊄Ⲣડᬺߩหࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓෳടߦ⥋ࠆⷐ࿃ߥߤࠍ
ಽᨆߒߚ⺞ᩏႎ๔ᦠߩ૞ᚑ‫ޔ‬Ԛਛዊડᬺᐡ࿾ᣇᡰㇱߦ߅ߌࠆࡌࠬ࠻ࡊ࡜ࠢ࠹ࠖࠬߩ᥉෸ࠍ⁓ߞߚࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓታᣉࠟࠗ࠼㧔Field Office Operating Guide㧕ߩ૞ᚑߩ 3 ὐߢ޽ࠆ144‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺ㐿⊒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯(SBDC) 㧔⋡ᮡߣታ❣ߩᏅ⇣㧦112%㧕
SBDC ࠍㅢߓߚᡰេߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬2008 ᐕᐲߦߪ‫⋡ޔ‬ᮡ㧔6,000 ␠㧕ࠍᄢ߈ߊ਄࿁ࠆ 1 ਁ 2,730 ␠ߩડᬺ߇┙ߜ਄ߍࠄࠇߚ145‫ ߚ߹ޕ‬2008 ᐕᐲߦߪ‫☨ోޔ‬ฦ࿾ߩਛዊડᬺ㐿⊒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯߇ࠃࠅലᨐ
⊛ߦਛዊડᬺࠍᡰេߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁‫⹺࡯࡜࠮ࡦ࠙ࠞࠬࡀࠫࡆޟޔ‬ቯࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ㧔business counselorcertification process㧕‫ࠍޠ‬㐿ᆎߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔2010 ᐕᐲߦቢੌ੍ቯ㧕146‫ޕ‬ᅚᕈ੐ᬺ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔⋡ᮡߣታ❣ߩᏅ⇣㧦18%㧕
ో☨ 113 ߆ᚲߦ⸳⟎ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆᅚᕈ੐ᬺ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩᵴേࠍㅢߓ‫ޔ‬2008 ᐕᐲߦߪ⋡ᮡ㧔618 ␠㧕ࠍ 18%਄࿁ࠆ 727 ␠ߩਛዊડᬺ߇‫ޔ‬ᅚᕈߦࠃߞߡ┙ߜ਄ߍࠄࠇߚ147‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬2008 ᐕᐲߦหࡊࡠ
ࠣ࡜ࡓߩᡰេࠍฃߌߚਛዊડᬺᢙߪ 16 ਁ␠ㄭߊߦ਄ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᡰេ⋡ᮡࠍ 19%਄࿁ߞߡ޿ࠆ148‫ޕ‬
HUB ࠱࡯ࡦࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔⋡ᮡߣታ❣ߩᏅ⇣㧦N/A㧕
2008 ᐕᐲᧃ߹ߢߦ HUB ࠱࡯ࡦ149ડᬺߦ⹺ቯߐࠇߚਛዊડᬺߪ 1 ਁ 772 ␠ߦ਄ࠆ‫ޕ‬หࡊࡠࠣ࡜
ࡓߪലᨐ߇⇼໧ⷞߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬HUB ࠱࡯ࡦᜰቯ࿾ၞߩ⷗⋥ߒࠍⴕߞߚࠅ‫ޔ‬HUB ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ⚻ᷣലᨐࠍ᷹ቯߔࠆᚻᴺࠍ╷ቯߔࠆߥߤ‫ޔ‬ᡷༀߦะߌߚขࠅ⚵ߺ߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ150‫ޕ‬

3.2. 2011 ᐕᐲᄢ⛔㗔੍▚᩺

http://www.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_homepage/serv_abtsba_2008_apr_041-076.pdf
㧔p.1㧕 Disaster Assistance ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬142ห਄‫ޕ‬㧔p.3㧕FY 2008 Accomplishments ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬143ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫ޔ‬2008 ᐕᐲᐕᰴᬺ❣ႎ๔ᦠ㧔FY 2008 Annual Performance Report㧕㧔pp.1㨪40㧕:
http://www.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_homepage/serv_abtsba_2008_apr_001-040.pdf
㧔p.24㧕FY 2008 Accomplishments ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬144ห਄‫ޕ‬㧔p.24㧕FY 2008 Accomplishments ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬145ห਄‫ޕ‬㧔p.25㧕⴫㧔SBDC㧕ਛ SB Created (#)(FY2008 Actual)ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬146ห਄‫ޕ‬㧔p.26㧕FY 2008 Accomplishments ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬147ห਄‫ޕ‬㧔p.28㧕⴫㧔WBC㧕ਛ SB Created (#)(FY2008 Actual)ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬148ห਄‫ޕ‬㧔p.28㧕⴫㧔WBC㧕ਛ SB Assisted (#)(FY2008 Actual)ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬149
HUB ࠱࡯ࡦ㧦 HUBZone㧩Historically Underutilized Business Zone‫ޔ‬ᱧผ⊛ߦ੐ᬺ߇ᩮઃ߆ߥ߆ߞߚᧂ
㐿ߩ࿾‫ޕ‬1997 ᐕਛዊડᬺᡷᱜᴺߦߡዉ౉ߐࠇߚ᭎ᔨߢ‫ޔ‬ԘᐔဋᚲᏪ೎෼౉㗵߇Ꮊౝᐔဋߩ 80㧑ᧂḩ‫ޔ‬ԙᄬᬺ₸߇Ꮊౝᐔဋᄬᬺ₸ߩ 1.4 ୚‫ޔ‬Ԛࠕࡔ࡝ࠞవ૑᳃ዬ૑࿾඙‫ߜ߁ߩޔ‬㧝ߟߩ᧦ઙࠍḩߚߒߚ࿾ၞࠍᜰߔ‫ޕ‬
http://www.sba.gov/hubzone/faq/HUBZONE_FAQ_AREAS.html
150ห਄‫ޕ‬㧔p.39㧕FY 2008 Accomplishments ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬

32

㧨᭎ⷐ㧪
2010 ᐕ 2 ᦬ 1 ᣣ‫ࡑࡃࠝޔ‬ᄢ⛔㗔ߪㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߩ 2011 ᐕᐲ㧔2010 ᐕ 10 ᦬ 1 ᣣ㨪2011 ᐕ 9 ᦬ 30ᣣ㧕ߩ੍▚ᢎᦠࠍ⊒⴫ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߦߪ‫ޔ‬೨ᐕᐲᲧ㧔⏕ቯ㧕 151 20.7%㧔1 ం 7,017 ਁ࠼࡞㧕Ⴧߣߥࠆ 9 ం 9,419 ਁ࠼࡞߇㈩ಽߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ ߜ߁ޕ‬3 ం 2,615 ਁ࠼࡞ߪ 7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻
⸽࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߥߤߩା↪଻⸽࡮㊄Ⲣᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߳‫ޔ‬2 ం 300 ਁ࠼࡞ߪἴኂᡰេࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮
ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߳లᒰߐࠇߚ㧔⴫ 8 ෳᾖ㧕152‫ޕ‬⴫ 8ਛዊડᬺᐡߦ߅ߌࠆ 2011 ᐕᐲ੍▚᩺㧔න૏㧦ਁ࠼࡞㧕2011 ᐕᐲ
2010 ᐕᐲᲧ
ⷐ᳞㗵Ⴧᷫ2009 ᐕᐲ
ታ❣

2010 ᐕᐲ
⏕ቯ

45,55049,24444,604ً

ㆇ༡⾌ࡠ࡯ࡦ⵬ഥ㊄ἴኂᡰេࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ

13,848250

13,5008,300

15,70016,915

400
8,615

ㆇ༡⾌
ࡠ࡯ࡦ⵬ഥ㊄
⋙ᩏ⾌↪

0
0
1,675

7,659
169
1,630

2,03000
1,800

12,641
ً
170

200

100

100

0

61,52382,402

99,41917,017⛎ਈ࡮⚻⾌ା↪଻⸽࡮㊄Ⲣᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ

଻⸽ᦠ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
ว⸘
153

಴ᚲ㧦ਛዊડᬺᐡ

ਥⷐߥࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߿ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ߩ੍▚ⷙᮨࠍਅ⴫ 9 ߦ߹ߣ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬2004 ᐕᐲએ㒠ߩ
ផ⒖ࠍ⷗ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߦࠃࠅ 2009 ᐕᐲ߆ࠄ 2010 ᐕᐲߦ߆ߌߡᄢඨߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߇ᒝൻߐ
ࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬2011 ᐕᐲߩ੍▚᩺ߪ 2010 ᐕᐲߣห╬ߩⷙᮨࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆᗧ࿑߇޽ࠆߎߣ߇ુ߃ࠆ
㧔࿑ 2 ෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬151ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ଻⸽₸ᒁ߈਄ߍ߿ᚻᢙᢱ఺㒰ߥߤߩߚ߼ߩ੍▚ࠍ㈩ಽߒߚ᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺ෸߮‫ࠄࠇߎޔ‬ߩភ⟎ࠍ⛮⛯ߔࠆߚ߼ߩㅊട੍▚߇㈩ಽߐࠇߚ‫ޟ‬2010 ᐕ࿖㒐✚⋭ᱦ಴ᴺ‫ࠆࠃߦޠ‬᜚಴ߪ฽߹ࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ߎޕ‬ࠇࠄߩ᜚಴ߦߟ޿ߡߪ 6.1.2 ࠍෳᾖ‫ޕ‬
152ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫ޔ‬2011 ᐕᐲ੍▚ᩮ᜚⾗ᢱ(FY 2011 Congressional Budget Justification):
http://www.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_homepage/fy_2011_cbj_09_apr.pdf
153 153ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫ޔ‬2011 ᐕᐲ੍▚ᩮ᜚⾗ᢱ(FY 2011 Congressional Budget Justification):
http://www.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_homepage/fy_2011_cbj_09_apr.pdf

33

⴫ 9

ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩⲢ⾗ⷙᮨ
2009 ᐕᐲታ❣

ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔න૏㧦ం࠼࡞㧕2011 ᐕᐲ
ⷐ᳞㗵

2010 ᐕᐲ
⏕ቯ

㧣(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽

89.23

175.00553.10㧔ᵈ㧕

504 ౏⹺㐿⊒౏␠ࡠ࡯ࡦ

37.90

75.00

75.00

ਛዊડᬺᛩ⾗ળ␠

7.87

30.00

30.00

ࡑࠗࠢࡠࡠ࡯ࡦ

0.38

0.25

0.25

଻⸽ᦠ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ

4.62

10.00

10.00

ἴኂᡰេࡠ࡯ࡦ
11.30
11.00
11.00
154
಴ᚲ㧦ਛዊડᬺᐡ
ᵈ㧦2011 ᐕᐲࠃࠅ▚಴ᴺ߇ᄌᦝߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬2010 ᐕᐲ߹ߢߩ▚಴ᴺߢߪ⚂ 175 ం࠼࡞‫ޕ‬࿑ 2ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩⲢ⾗ⷙᮨߩផ⒖㧔2004㨪2011 ᐕᐲ㧕㧔න૏㧦ం࠼࡞㧕

200
180
160
7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽

140
120
100

ἴኂᡰេࡠ࡯ࡦ

504౏⹺㐿⊒౏␠ࡠ࡯ࡦ

80
60ਛዊડᬺᛩ⾗౏␠40䊙䉟䉪䊨䊨䊷䊮
䊙䉟䉪䊨䊨䊷䊮

଻⸽ᦠ଻⸽
଻⸽ᦠ଻⸽

20
0
2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

಴ᚲ㧦ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆ੍▚ᖱႎࠍ߽ߣߦ૞ᚑ
ᵈ㧦ផ⒖ࠍ⷗ࠆ⋡⊛ߩߚ߼‫ޔ‬2011 ᐕᐲߩ㧣(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ߩⲢ⾗ⷙᮨߪ 2010 ᐕᐲ߹ߢߩ▚಴ᴺߦࠃࠆᢙ୯ࠍណ↪ߒߚ‫ޕ‬߹ߚਛዊડᬺᐡߦ߅ߌࠆਥⷐࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩታᣉߦࠃࠆ᜚಴㗵㧔੍ቯ㧕155ࠍߺࠆߣ‫࡮ࡦ࡯ࡠޔ‬ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߢߪ‫ޔ‬㧣(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ߣἴኂᡰេࡠ࡯ࡦߦ‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚᡰេߢߪਛዊડᬺ㐿⊒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯
154ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫ޔ‬2011 ᐕᐲ੍▚ᩮ᜚⾗ᢱ(FY 2011 Congressional Budget Justification):
http://www.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_homepage/fy_2011_cbj_09_apr.pdf
155ੱઙ⾌߿శᾲ⾌ߥߤߩ㑆ធ⾌߽฽߻‫ޕ‬34ߦᄙߊߩ࡝࠰࡯ࠬ߇⾌߿ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔⴫ 10 ෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬⴫ 10ਥⷐࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦដ߆ࠆ᜚಴
㧔න૏㧦ਁ࠼࡞㧕ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ

2009 ᐕᐲ
ታ❣

2010 ᐕᐲ
⏕ቯ

2011 ᐕᐲ
ⷐ᳞㗵㧣(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽

9,076

10,057

11,051504 ౏⹺㐿⊒౏␠ࡠ࡯ࡦ

3,189

3,605

4,033

ਛዊડᬺᛩ⾗ળ␠

1,917

1,975

2,195

ࡑࠗࠢࡠࡠ࡯ࡦ

2,990

3,544

1,927

଻⸽ᦠ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ

490

551

574

ἴኂᡰេࡠ࡯ࡦ

31,21725,261

24,293ਛዊડᬺ㐿⊒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯

13,002

12,94313,014ਛዊડᬺ⎇ୃࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ

43

59

60

ᅚᕈ੐ᬺ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯

2,217

2,353

2,396

1,294

1,165

1,210

HUB ࠱࡯ࡦ⺞㆐಴ᚲ㧦ਛዊડᬺᐡ

㧨ఝవ⺖㗴㧪
਄⸥ߩ੍▚᩺ߪએਅߩᚢ⇛⊛ఝవಽ㊁ߩㆀⴕࠍᒝൻߔࠆ߽ߩߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ156‫ޕ‬xxxડᬺߩᚑ㐳ߣ㓹↪ഃ಴o ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆ⾉ઃࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ෸߮ฦ⒳ߩࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍㅢߒߡ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩ⾗㊄⺞㆐ࠍ᜛ᄢߔࠆo ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭౝߩදജߩਅ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߩ⺞㆐⋡ᮡࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆo ో☨ฦ࿾ߦᚲ࿷ߔࠆਛዊડᬺᐡߩ᜚ὐߥߤࠍㅢߒߡ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߦኻߒߡ‫࡝࠮ࡦ࠙ࠞޔ‬ࡦࠣ߿⿠ᬺኅᢎ⢒‫ߩୃ⎇ޔ‬ᯏળࠍឭଏߔࠆo ડᬺ‫ޔ‬૑ቛ଻᦭⠪‫ޔ‬૑ቛ⾓⾉⠪ߦኻߒߡἴኂᡰេࠍឭଏߔࠆo ᣂⷙ࡮ᣢሽࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍㅢߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᕆᚑ㐳ࠍㆀߍࠆน⢻ᕈࠍᜬߟਛዊડᬺࠍᡰេߒ‫ࠗޔ‬ࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍ㓹↪ߦߟߥߍࠆ
ਛዊડᬺ߇੹਎♿ߦ⋥㕙ߔࠆ⺖㗴ߦኻᔕߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߥ⚵❱૞ࠅo ਛዊડᬺᐡߩၮᐙࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍᒝൻߒ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ߇೑↪ߒ߿ߔߊ‫ߟ߆ޔ‬ലᨐ⊛ߥ߽ߩߣߔࠆo ਛዊડᬺᐡߩੱ᧚⢒ᚑߣᛛⴚࠗࡦࡈ࡜ߦᛩ⾗ߔࠆo ਛዊડᬺᐡࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ⋙〈ᯏ⢻ࠍᡷༀߔࠆ
ਛዊડᬺߩჿࠍઍᑯo ㅪ㇌⋭ᐡ㑆ߩㅪ៤ࠍਥዉߒ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ࡮࡝࠰࡯ࠬ࡮ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ

156

ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫ޔ‬2011 ᐕᐲ੍▚ᩮ᜚⾗ᢱ(FY 2011 Congressional Budget Justification):
http://www.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_homepage/fy_2011_cbj_09_apr.pdf

35ࠍᒝൻߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ߇੐ᬺࠍዷ㐿ߒ߿ߔ޿ⅣႺࠍᢛ஻ߔࠆo ࡑࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖ‫ޔ‬ᅚᕈ‫ޔ‬ㅌᓎァੱ߇ᚲ᦭ߔࠆਛዊડᬺࠍߪߓ߼‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ
ߦ㑐ߔࠆℂ⸃ࠍᷓ߼ࠆo ታ૕⚻ᷣߩਛዊડᬺ෸߮‫ޔ‬ᕆᚑ㐳߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆਛዊડᬺࠍᠩ⼔ߔࠆߎࠇࠄߩਛߢ߽․ߦ㊀ⷐᐲߩ㜞޿⺖㗴ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߪ 2011 ᐕᐲߩౕ૕⊛ߥ㆐ᚑ⋡ᮡࠍએਅߩࠃ߁ߦቯ߼ߡ޿ࠆ157‫ޕ‬
x

x
x
x

2011 ᐕᐲᧃ㧔2011 ᐕ 9 ᦬ 30 ᣣ㧕߹ߢߦ㧣(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦෳടߔࠆ᳃㑆㊄Ⲣડᬺߩᢙࠍ 3,000 ᯏ㑐ߦ߹ߢჇ߿ߔ㧔2008 ᐕᐲ࡮2009 ᐕᐲߦ߅ߌࠆෳടᯏ㑐ߩᐔဋᢙߩ
15㧑Ⴧ㧕ਛዊડᬺ߆ࠄߩㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߩ⺞㆐ࠍჇ߿ߒ‫⺞ޔ‬㆐⋡ᮡࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ਅ⺧ߌࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ⋡ᮡ⸳ቯߦขࠅ⚵߻ἴኂᡰេࡠ࡯ࡦࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬૑ቛߦ㑐ߔࠆࡠ࡯ࡦ↳⺧ߩ 85%ࠍฃઃ߆ࠄ 14 ᣣ㑆એౝߦ‫ޔ‬੐ᬺߦ㑐ߔࠆࡠ࡯ࡦ↳⺧ߩ 85%ࠍฃઃ߆ࠄ 18 ᣣએౝߦಣℂߔࠆ
SBIR ߩᡷༀߩߚ߼ߦએਅߩขࠅ⚵ߺࠍⴕ߁o SBIR ߦ㑐ߔࠆ࠺࡯࠲෼㓸࡮ႎ๔ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ෸߮‫ޔ‬ᬺ❣ࠍ᷹ቯߔࠆᜰᮡࠍᡷༀߔࠆ SBIRߩੂ↪ߦ㑐ߔࠆ൮᜝⊛ߥࡕ࠾࠲࡝ࡦࠣ૕೙ࠍዉ౉ߔࠆo ᣢߦ SBIR ߩᡰេࠍฃߌߚડᬺߩᛛⴚ╬ߩታ↪ൻࠍะ਄ߐߖࠆ

157

ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫ޔ‬2011 ᐕᐲ੍▚ᩮ᜚⾗ᢱ(FY 2011 Congressional Budget Justification):
http://www.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_homepage/fy_2011_cbj_09_apr.pdf

36

╙4┨

ਛዊડᬺᐡએᄖߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺᡰេ᡽╷࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩታᘒ

ᧄ┨ߢߪ‫ࡑࡃࠝޔ‬᡽ᮭ⊒⿷ᓟ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡએᄖߩㅪ㇌᡽ᐭᯏ㑐ߦ߅޿ߡᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆਛዊડᬺ
ᡰេ᡽╷߿ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦߟ޿ߡ⚫੺ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬

4.1. ⽷ോ⋭ࠝࡃࡑ᡽ᮭਅߩ⽷ോ⋭ߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺᡰេ᡽╷ߪ㊄ⲢᏒ႐߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺࠍਛᔃߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࠹ࠖࡕࠪ࡯࡮ࠟࠗ࠻࠽࡯㧔Timothy Geithner㧕⽷ോ㐳ቭߪ 2009 ᐕ 2 ᦬ 10 ᣣ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ߩ⚻ᷣ⁁ᴫࠍᡷༀߔࠆߚ߼ߩ‫ޔ‬6 ߟߩ㛽ሶࠍ฽߻൮᜝⊛ߥ㊄Ⲣ቟ቯൻ⸘↹158ࠍ⊒⴫ߒߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ਛߢ‫ޟ‬ᶖ⾌⠪෸߮ડᬺⲢ⾗ࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠴ࡉ㧔Consumer & Business Lending Initiative㧕‫ޔޠ‬෸߮‫ޟޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ ෸ ߮ ࠦ ࡒ ࡘ ࠾ ࠹ ࠖ Ⲣ ⾗ ࠗ ࠾ ࠪ ࠕ ࠴ ࡉ 㧔 Small Business and Community Lending
Initiative㧕‫߇ޠ‬ਛዊડᬺ໧㗴ߦኻᔕߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬ᶖ⾌⠪෸߮ડᬺⲢ⾗ࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠴ࡉ‫ߪޠ‬ਛዊડᬺߦ․ൻߒߚࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߢߪߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩડᬺᵴേߦ߽ᓇ㗀ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟޔߪࠇߎޕ‬㐳ᦼ⾗↥ᜂ଻⸽೛⾉಴೙ᐲ㧔TALF: Term
Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility㧕‫ޠ‬159ࠍᵴ↪ߒ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㌁ߣදജߒߡ‫ޔ‬᳃㑆ߩᛩ⾗ኅߦࡠ࡯ࡦᜂ଻⸽೛⾼౉ߩߚ߼ߩ⾗㊄ࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣߢ‫ߩ࠻࠶ࠤ࡯ࡑ࡮࡯࡝࠳ࡦࠞ࠮ޔ‬ᵹേᕈߩ⏕଻ࠍ⋡ᜰߔขࠅ⚵ߺߢ޽ࠆ160
৻ᣇ‫ޟ‬ਛዊડᬺ෸߮ࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖⲢ⾗ࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠴ࡉ‫ޔߪޠ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆⲢ⾗㗵ߩ⪭ߜߎߺߦᱤᱛ߼ࠍ߆ߌࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ161‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߩࡠ࡯ࡦࠍขᒁߔࠆ࠮ࠞࡦ࠳࡝࡯࡮ࡑ
࡯ࠤ࠶࠻ߩᵴᕈߦะߌߡ‫ޔ‬AAA ᩰઃߌߩਛዊડᬺᐡࡠ࡯ࡦ⾼౉ࠍࡈࠔࠗ࠽ࡦࠪࡦࠣߔࠆ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߩࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽₸ࠍ 75%߆ࠄ 90%ߦᒁ߈਄ߍࠆ‫ޔ‬7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ෸߮ 504 ౏⹺㐿⊒౏␠ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᚻᢙᢱࠍᷫ㗵ߔࠆߥߤ߇⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߦࠃߞߡห᭽ߩ┙ᴺភ⟎߇ណࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧕‫ޕ‬
ߎߩ㊄Ⲣ቟ቯൻ⸘↹⊒⴫߆ࠄ৻ㅳ㑆ᓟߩ 2009 ᐕ 2 ᦬ 17 ᣣ‫ޔ‬᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺ߇ᚑ┙ߒߚ‫ޕ‬એਅߪਛߢ߽⽷ോ⋭ߦታᣉ⽿છߩ޽ࠆਛዊડᬺᡰេ╷ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ162‫ޕ‬

158

Financialstability.gov‫(̌ޔ‬CEV5JGGV(KPCPEKCN5VCDKNKV[2NCP̍
http://www.financialstability.gov/docs/fact-sheet.pdf
159
TALF ߪ‫ޔ‬2008 ᐕ 11 ᦬ 24 ᣣ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌Ḱ஻೙ᐲℂ੐ળߩోળ৻⥌᳿⼏ߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌Ḱ஻ᴺ࠮࡚ࠢࠪࡦ 13(3)㧔5GEVKQP  QHVJG(GFGTCN4GUGTXG#EV75%h ߦၮߠ߈⸳┙ߐࠇߚ‫↥⾗ޕ‬ᜂ଻⸽೛
㧔Asset Back Securities: ABS㧕ߩ⊒ⴕࠍଦㅴߒ‫ޔ‬ABS Ꮢ႐ⅣႺࠍᡷༀߔࠆ੐ߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ᶖ⾌⠪෸߮ਛዊડᬺߩ
ਈା࠾࡯࠭ߦᔕ߃‫ޔ‬㊄ⲢᏒ႐ᡰេࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬಴ᚲ㧦ㅪ㌁ ̌4GRQTV2WTUWCPVVQ5GEVKQPQHVJG'OGTIGPE['EQPQOKE5VCDKNK\CVKQP#EVQH
Term Asset-$CEMGF5GEWTKVKGU.QCP(CEKNKV[̍
http://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/files/129talf.pdf
160
Financialstability.gov‫(̌ޔ‬CEV5JGGV(KPCPEKCN5VCDKNKV[2NCP̍㧔pp.3-4㧕
161
ห਄‫ޕ‬㧔pp. 6-7㧕‫ޕ‬2.1.2.ෳᾖ‫ޕ‬
162
Financialstability.gov‫(̌ ޔ‬CEV5JGGV7PNQEMKPI%TGFKVHQT5OCNN$WUKPGUUGU̍
http://www.financialstability.gov/roadtostability/unlockingCreditforSmallBusinesses.html

37

x

x

࠮ࠞࡦ࠳࡝࡯࡮ࡑ࡯ࠤ࠶࠻ߩା↪ࠍ࿁ᓳߐߖ‫⁁⾗Ⲣޔ‬ᴫࠍᡷༀߐߖࠆߚ߼‫⽷ޔ‬ോ⋭߇ਛዊડᬺᐡ߇଻⸽ߔࠆ 7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦᜂ଻⸽೛߿ 504 ౏⹺㐿⊒౏␠ࡠ࡯ࡦᜂ଻⸽೛ࠍᦨᄢ 150
ం࠼࡞ߢ⋥ធ⾈޿ขࠅ‫ࠍ࠻࠶ࠤ࡯ࡑ࡮࡯࡝࠳ࡦࠞ࠮ޔ‬ᱜᏱߦᯏ⢻ߐߖߟߟ‫⾗ޔ‬㊄ᵹേᕈჇᄢࠍ࿑ࠆߔߴߡߩ㌁ⴕߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ߳ߩⲢ⾗⁁ᴫࠍ྾ඨᦼߏߣߦႎ๔ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⟵ോઃߌࠆ㧔ᓥ᧪ߪᐕߦ 1 ᐲ㧕‫ߦ․ޕ‬㊄Ⲣ቟ቯൻ⸘↹ߦၮߠߊᡰេࠍฃߌߡ޿ࠆ‫ⷙ↥⾗ޔ‬ᮨ਄૏
21 ૏એౝߩ㌁ⴕߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬Ფ᦬ਛዊડᬺ߳ߩⲢ⾗⁁ᴫࠍႎ๔ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⟵ോߠߌࠆ‫ޕ‬૬ߖߡ‫ߩߡߴߔޔ‬㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐߳ਛዊડᬺะߌⲢ⾗ߩ᜛ᄢദജࠍ๭߮߆ߌࠆ 2009 ᐕ 11 ᦬
18 ᣣߦ಴ߐࠇߚ⽷ോ⋭ߣਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆ౒หჿ᣿ 163 ߦࠃࠆߣ‫࡯ࡑ࡮࡯࡝࠳ࡦࠞ࠮ޔ‬ࠤ࠶࠻ߦ߅ߌࠆ 2009 ᐕ 1 ᦬ߩࡉࡠ࡯ࠞ࡯࡮࠺ࠖ࡯࡜㑆᦬㑆ขᒁ㊂ߪ 8,590 ਁ࠼࡞ߢ޽
ߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬หᐕ 5 ᦬߆ࠄ 10 ᦬ߦ߅ߌࠆ᦬㑆ᐔဋขᒁ㗵ߪ 3 ం 4,400 ਁ࠼࡞߹ߢ࿁ᓳߒ‫ޔ‬㊄Ⲣෂᯏ೨ߩ᳓Ḱࠍ⿥߃ࠆ߶ߤߦߥߞߚ164‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫ޔ‬਄⸥ߩ⽷ോ⋭ߦࠃࠆขࠅ⚵ߺߦട߃‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆ৻ㅪߩࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
ᒝൻ㧔6.1.2 ෳᾖ㧕߇ഞࠍᄼߒ‫ࠆߌ߅ߦ࠻࠶ࠤ࡯ࡑ࡮࡯࡝࠳ࡦࠞ࠮ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߩࡠ࡯ࡦᜂ଻
⸽೛ߩขᒁ㗵߽߶߷࿁ᓳߒߚߣ⸒߃ࠆ㧔࿑ 3 ෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬࿑ 3 ⸽೛ൻߐࠇߚ 7(a)଻⸽ࡠ࡯ࡦߩ࠮ࠞࡦ࠳࡝࡯࡮ࡑ࡯ࠤ࠶࠻ߦ߅ߌࠆขᒁ㗵
㧔2008 ᐕ 1 ᦬㨪2009 ᐕ 9 ᦬㧕಴ᚲ㧦ਛዊડᬺᐡ165

163

Financialstability.gov㧔2009 ᐕ 11 ᦬ 18 ᣣ㧕̌Treasury, SBA host small business financing
HQTWO̍㧦 http://www.financialstability.gov/latest/tg_11182009.html
164ห਄‫ޕ‬Secondary Markets Have Recovered ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬
165ห਄‫( ޕ‬p. 21) Chart VII38

4.2. ㅢ໡ઍ⴫ㇱᄢ⛔㗔ᐭ⋥ਅߩㅢ໡ઍ⴫ㇱ㧔USTR: Office of the United States Trade Representative㧕ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺࠍ☨࿖⚻ᷣߩਛᔃߣᝒ߃‫ޔ‬෶‫☨ޔ‬࿖ャ಴㊂ߩᦨᄢߩᜂ޿ᚻߣ૏⟎ઃߌߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
㑐⒢㓚ოࠍᒁ߈ਅߍࠆ੐߇ਛዊડᬺߩャ಴౉᜛ᄢߦ⾗ߔࠆߣߒ‫ޔ‬਎⇇⾏ᤃᯏ㑐㧔WTO: World
Trade Organization㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆ੤ᷤ߿‫ޔ‬ੑ࿖㑆⾏ᤃදቯࠍㅢߓߚ↥ᬺ⵾ຠࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ㑐⒢᠗
ᑄߥߤ‫ޔ‬㑐⒢೥ᷫߦะߌߡേ޿ߡ޿ࠆ166‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ߇౞Ṗߦャ಴౉੐ᬺߦᓥ੐಴᧪ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬WTO ࠍㅢߓߚ⒢㑐ᚻ⛯߈ߩ৻⽾ᕈ
ࠍ࿑ࠆ⾏ᤃⷙ೙ߩᒝൻ߿‫ޔ‬ขᒁ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ㕖วℂߥ⹺น߿ᬌຠߩ᠗ᑄ‫ޔ‬⍮⊛⽷↥ᮭߩ଻⼔‫ࠗޔ‬ࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻ߦࠃࠆ໡ᬺᯏળ᜛ᄢߦะߌߚ⾏ᤃදቯߩᢛ஻ߦ߽ขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ޿ࠆ167‫ޕ‬ߘߩઁ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ߩ⾏ᤃ᡽╷ᒻᚑߩ㓙ߦਛዊડᬺ߿ࡑࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖડᬺߩ໧㗴ࠍ⠨ᘦߔߴߊ‫ޔ‬໡ോ⋭ ߣ ㅪ ៤ ߒ ‫ ↥ ޔ‬ᬺ ⾏ ᤃ ࠕ ࠼ ࡃ ࠗ ࠩ ࡝ ࡯ ᆔ ຬ ળ 㧔 ITACs: Industry Trade Advisory
Committees㧕ࠍㆇ༡ߔࠆ߶߆‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺࠍ฽߻⾏ᤃߦ㑐ਈߔࠆ⚻ᷣಽ㊁߆ࠄㆬ߫ࠇߚ 45 ੱએਅߩᆔຬ߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ⾏ᤃ᡽╷෸߮੤ᷤߦ㑐ߔࠆᄢ⛔㗔⻁໧ᆔຬળ㧔ACTPN: President's
Advisory Committee on Trade Policy and Negotiations㧕ࠍ⚵❱ߒ‫☨ޔ‬࿖⾏ᤃ᡽╷෸߮දቯߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸽ߔࠆ႐ࠍ⸳ߌߡ޿ࠆ168‫ޕ‬ߥ߅‫ޔ‬ㅢ໡ઍ⴫ㇱߪਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆャ಴ࠍᝄ⥝ߐߖࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߦ‫ޔ‬2010 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 21 ᣣߦ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ਛዊડᬺ࡮Ꮢ႐ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ࡮↥ᬺ┹੎ജᜂᒰㅢ໡ઍ⴫⵬૒ቭ㧔 Assistant United States
Trade Representative for Small Business, Market Access, and Industrial
Competitiveness㧕‫ࠍޠ‬ᣂ⸳ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔ㅢ໡ઍ⴫ㇱߦࠃࠆャ಴ᝄ⥝ߩขࠅ⚵ߺߩ⹦⚦ߪ 1.2 ෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬

4.3. ໡ോ⋭໡ോ⋭ߪ‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣᚑ㐳ߩේേജߘߒߡ㓹↪ഃ಴ߩḮߣߒߡਛዊડᬺߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍ⹺⼂ߒߡ߅ࠅ169‫ޔ‬એਅߩࠃ߁ߥᡰេࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬xxਛዊડᬺߦኻߔࠆャ಴ᡰេ㧦ో☨ 190 ▎ᚲߦ᜚ὐࠍ㈩⟎ߒ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߦኻߒߡャ಴ߦ㑐ߔࠆഥ⸒߿ᖱႎࠍឭଏߒߚࠅ‫ޔ‬ャ಴ߩน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ࿖ߩᏒ႐⺞ᩏࠍⴕ߁ߥߤߩᡰេࠍⴕ
ߞߡ޿ࠆ㧔1.2 ෳᾖ㧕ਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ⺞㆐ᒝൻ㧦ᅚᕈ߿ㅌᓎァੱ‫⚻߇ࠖ࠹࡝ࡁࠗࡑޔ‬༡ߔࠆડᬺ߆ࠄ
ߩ᡽ᐭ⺞㆐ᒝൻߦߟ޿ߡਛዊડᬺᐡߣߩㅪ៤ߦࠃࠆࠬ࠹ࠗࠢࡎ࡞࠳࡯࡮ࠕ࠙࠻࡝࡯࠴࡮
ࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠴ࡉࠍ㐿ᆎߒߚ㧔6.2.2 ෳᾖ㧕

166ㅢ໡ઍ⴫ㇱ‫̌ޔ‬5OCNN$WUKPGUU̍㧦http://www.ustr.gov/trade-topics/small-business Tariffs ߩㇱಽห਄‫ޕ‬Customs Valuation/Standards ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬168ห਄‫ޕ‬President's Advisory Committee on Trade Policy and Negotiations ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬169ㅢ໡ઍ⴫ㇱ߇ਥ௅ߒߚਛዊડᬺャ಴ᝄ⥝ߦ઻߁㓹↪ଦㅴߦ㑐ߔࠆળ⼏㧔2010 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 21 ᣣ㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆ࠺࠾
ࠬ࡮ࡂࠗ࠲ࡢ࡯໡ോ೽㐳ቭ㧔Dennis Hightower, Deputy Secretary of Commerce㧕ߩࠦࡔࡦ࠻ࠃࠅ‫ޕ‬
167

39

4.4. SBIR‫ޟ‬ਛዊડᬺᛛⴚ㕟ᣂ೙ᐲ㧔SBIR㧦Small Business Innovation Research㧕‫ޔߪޠ‬11 ⋭ᐡ㧔ㄘോ⋭‫ޔ‬໡ോ⋭‫ޔ‬࿖㒐⋭‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒⋧‫଻ޔ‬ஜ⑔␩⋭‫ޔ‬࿖࿯቟ో଻㓚⋭‫ޔ‬ㆇャ⋭‫ޔ‬ⅣႺ଻⼔ᐡ‫ޔ‬NASA‫ޔ‬ో☨⑼ቇ⽷࿅㧕ߦࠊߚߞߡታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⋭ᐡᮮᢿဳࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߢ޽ࠆ‫☨ޕ‬࿖ਛዊડᬺ㧔☨࿖᳃߇੐ᬺਥߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔߟ߆ޔ‬༡೑ડᬺߦ㒢ࠆ170㧕ߩࡂࠗ࠹ࠢᛛⴚ߿㕟ᣂ⊛ߥ੐ᬺ߇‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߩ
⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ᵴേߦ㑐ࠊࠆߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⋭ᐡߪਛዊડᬺߩవ┵ᛛⴚขࠅ౉ࠇ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߪ‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚߩ⵾ຠൻࠍടㅦߔࠆߎߣࠍ⁓޿ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬1982 ᐕߩᩮ᜚ᴺߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟ‬ਛዊડᬺᛛⴚ㕟ᣂ㐿⊒ᴺ㧔Small Business Innovation Development Act㧕‫ޠ‬ᚑ┙ 171 એ᧪‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡᛛⴚዪ㧔Officeof Technology㧕߇ㆇ༡⁁ᴫࠍ⋙〈ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬หᐡߪෳട⋭ᐡߩႎ๔ࠍขࠅ߹ߣ߼‫ޔ‬Ფᐕ⼏ળߦႎ๔ߔࠆ⟵ോ߇޽ࠆ172‫ޕ‬ฦ⋭ᐡߩ R&D ੍▚߁ߜ‫ޔ‬SBIR ߦ 2.5%߇ഀࠅᒰߡࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߦ
ࠃࠆ㕟ᣂ⊛ߥ⎇ⓥᵴേߩᡰេߦ૶ࠊࠇࠆ઀⚵ߺߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᡰេࠍᏗᦸߔࠆਛዊડᬺߪ‫ޔ‬ฦ⋭ᐡߦ⋥ធᔕ൐ߒ‫⋭ޔ‬ᐡ߇↳⺧⠪ߩਛ߆ࠄណᛯ⠪ࠍ᳿ቯߒߡ޿ࠆ173‫ޕ‬
SBIR ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬2008 ᐕ߆ࠄ 2009 ᐕߦ߆ߌߡ‫ޔ‬ฦ⋭ᐡ߇ഀࠅᒰߡࠆ੍▚ߩഀวߩ᜛ᄢ߿‫ޔ‬
VC ߽ SBIR ⾗㊄ߦࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆߥߤߩ೙ᐲᡷ㕟߇⼏ળߢ⼏⺰ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬SBIR ੍▚ߩ৻ㇱߦ VC ⾗㊄ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆߎߣࠍ⹺߼ߚਅ㒮ߣ‫ޔ‬SBIR ߪ VC ߩ೑⋉ߩߚ߼ߢߪߥߊਛዊડᬺᡰេߩߚ߼ߩ೙ᐲߣߒ‫ޔ‬VC ߩෳ↹ࠍ⹺߼ߥ߆ߞߚ਄㒮ߩ㑆ߢ᛬ࠅว޿
߇ߟ߆ߕ174‫ޔ‬2010 ᐕ 2 ᦬⃻࿷߽ SBIR ೙ᐲߩౝኈߦᄌൻߪߥ޿߹߹ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

170ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ ޔ‬5$+4-5664̍㧦
http://www.sba.gov/aboutsba/sbaprograms/sbir/sbirstir/SBIR_SBIR_DESCRIPTION.html
171
ห਄‫ޕ‬
172
ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ ޔ‬1HHKEGQH6GEJPQNQI[- 5$+45664̍㧦
http://www.sba.gov/aboutsba/sbaprograms/sbir/index.html
1730+*̌4GUGCrch Opportunities Reserved for Small Business: Small Business Innovation Research
5$+4 2TQITCO5OCNN$WUKPGUU6GEJPQNQI[6TCPUHGT 5664 2TQITCO̍
174
2010 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 22 ᣣߦታᣉߐࠇߚ਄㒮ਛዊડᬺ࡮⿠ᬺᆔຬળ⼏ຬࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߩ࡚ࠫࡦ࡮ࡂࠗ᳁ߣߩࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ
࡯㧧http://olpa.od.nih.gov/tracking/111/senate_bills/session1/s-1233.asp 㧧 S. 1233 ోᢥ㧦
http://sbc.senate.gov/public/?a=Files.Serve&File_id=ff17e487-36ea-463f-8980-e95ebc36936f

40

╙5┨

ㅪ㇌⼏ળߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺ᡽╷േะᧄ┨ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⼏ળߢߩਛዊડᬺ᡽╷േะߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ㄭᐕߩ⼏ળߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺ㑐ㅪᴺ᩺ߩክ⼏࡮ᚑ┙⁁ᴫ෸߮‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ᡽╷ࠍᜂᒰߔࠆᆔຬળߩ⼏ຬࡔࡦࡃ࡯ࠍ⚫੺ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬

5.1. ⼏ળߦ߅ߌࠆਥⷐਛዊડᬺ㑐ㅪᴺ᩺ߩክ⼏࡮ᚑ┙⁁ᴫ
5.1.1.

╙ 109 ⼏ળ╙ 109 ⼏ળ㧔2005㨪2006 ᐕ㧕ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߩ⺞㆐ࠍᒝൻߔࠆߎߣ
ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚᴺ᩺ߩᚑ┙߇⋡┙ߟ㧔⴫ 11 ෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬ᒰᤨ߽ਛዊડᬺߦ߅ߌࠆࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕ෸߮ࠛ
ࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠦࠬ࠻ߩ⽶ᜂߪ໧㗴ⷞߐࠇߡ޿ߚ߇‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬໧㗴⸃᳿ࠍ⋡ᜰߒߚ‫ޟ‬ஜᐽ଻㒾Ꮢ႐ㄭઍൻ෸߮୯ਅߍᴺ㧔Health Insurance Marketplace Modernization and Affordability Act
of 2006 㧕‫ ޠ‬෸߮‫ ޟޔ‬2005 ᐕ ਛዊડ ᬺ෸߮ ㄘኅߩߚ ߼ߩࠛ ࡀ࡞ ࠡ࡯✕ ᕆᢇᷣ ᴺ᩺ 㧔 Small
Business and Farm Energy Emergency Relief Act of 2005㧕‫߽ࠄߜߤߪޠ‬ክ⼏ᧂੌߩ߹߹ᑄ᩺
ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
⴫ 11

ಽ㊁
ᐕ㊄

⺞㆐

╙ 109 ⼏ળߦ߅޿ߡᚑ┙ߒߚਥߥਛዊડᬺ㑐ㅪᴺᴺᓞ
᭎ⷐਛዊⷙᮨߩ㓹↪ਥ߇☨ᐕ㊄⛎ઃ଻⸽౏␠
2006 ᐕᐕ㊄଻⼔ᴺ㧔Pension
㧔The Pension Benefit Guaranty
Protection Act of 2006‫ޔ‬Corporation㧕ߦᡰᛄ߁଻㒾ᢱߩ਄㒢㗵ࠍ⸳
P.L.109-280㧕175
ቯ176☨࿖㒽਄੤ㅢ㐳ᦼᴺ㧔SAFETEA- 㜞ㅦ㆏〝ା⸤ၮ㊄(Highway Trust Fund)ߩ৻
LU: Safe, Accountable,ㇱࠍ‫ޔ‬㧔ੱ⒳߿ᢎ⢒ᯏળߥߤߦࠃࠅ㧕␠ળ
Flexible, Efficient⊛࡮⚻ᷣ⊛ߦਇ೑ߥ⁁ᴫߦ޽ࠆ୘ੱߦࠃࠅ⚻Transportation Equity Act: A ༡ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆਛዊડᬺࠍㅢߓߡ೑↪ߔࠆ੐ࠍ
Legacy for Users‫ޔ‬P.L.109⟵ോઃߌࠆ177‫ޕ‬
59㧕

175

Public Law 109-280 ోᢥ㧦http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ280.109
176
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ To amend the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 to provide for
an increase in the Federal minimum wage.㧔H.R.2㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ
177
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity
Act: A Legacy for Users: SAFETEA-LU㧔H.R.3㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ

41

ಽ㊁

ᴺᓞ
2005 ᐕ㒐ⴡ࡮ኻ࠹ࡠࠣࡠ̆ࡃ࡞ᚢ੎࡮ᵤᵄᢇᷣߦ㑐ߔࠆ✕ᕆ⵬ᱜᱦ಴੍▚ᴺ㧔Emergency
Supplemental Appropriations
Act for Defense, the Global
War on Terror, and Tsunami
Relief, 2005‫ޔ‬P.L.109-13㧕178
2006 ᐕౝോ⋭࡮ⅣႺ࡮㑐ㅪ⋭ᐡᱦ಴ᴺ㧔Department of theInterior, Environment, andRelated Agencies
Appropriations Act, 2006‫ޔ‬
P.L.109-54㧕1802006 ᐕㆇャ⋭࡮⽷ോ⋭࡮૑ቛㇺᏒ㐿⊒ᐡ࡮มᴺ⋭࡮ࠦࡠࡦࡆࠕ
․೎඙࡮ߘߩઁ⁛┙♽ቭᐡᱦ಴
੍▚ᴺ㧔Transportation,
Treasury, Housing and Urban
Development, the Judiciary,
the District of Columbia,
and Independent Agencies
Appropriations Act, 2006‫ޔ‬
P.L.109-115㧕
ㇷଢᡷ㕟ᴺ㧔Postal
Accountability andEnhancement Act‫ޔ‬P.L.109435㧕183

᭎ⷐࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯⋭ߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺ߳ߩᆔ⸤ߩታᘒ
ࠍ᷹ቯߔࠆߚ߼ߩᚻᴺ⸳ቯߦᒰߚߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᣂߚߦਛዊડᬺᐡߣߩ㑆ߦⷡᦠࠍ✦⚿ߔࠆߎߣࠍ
⟵ോઃߌࠆ179‫ޕ‬ᱦ಴ᴺߢቯ߼ࠄࠇߚ੍▚ߩၫⴕߦ޽ߚߞߡ‫ޔ‬
ዊⷙᮨ/㔖⚦ડᬺ߆ࠄ⺞㆐ߔࠆߎߣࠍㄘോ⋭ߣౝോ⋭ߦኻߒߡᅑബ181‫ޕ‬ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭᯏ㑐ߩ಴ᒛᚻ⛯߈ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬eTravel ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ‫ޔߡ޿ߟߦޠ‬ਅ⺧⺞㆐㗵ߩ߁ߜᦨૐ 23%ࠍਛዊડᬺߦഀᒰߡࠆ182‫ޕ‬ㇷଢ౏␠ߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᴺᓞ⊒ലᓟ 1 ᐕએౝߦ‫ޔ‬ᅚᕈ߇⚻༡ߔࠆડᬺ‫⚻߇ࠖ࠹࡝ࡁࠗࡑޔ‬༡ߔࠆડᬺ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߣߩర⺧෸߮ਅ⺧ᄾ⚂⁁ᴫߦ㑐ߔࠆႎ๔ࠍᄢ⛔㗔෸߮⼏ળߦⴕ߁ߎߣࠍ
⟵ോઃߌࠆ184‫ޕ‬

178

Public Law 109-13 ోᢥ㧦http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ013.109.pdf
179
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, theGlobal War on Terror, and Tsunami Relief, 2005㧔H.R.1268㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ
180
Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006 ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ054.109
181
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies
Appropriations Act, 2006 㧔H.R. 2361㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ
182
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Transportation, Treasury, Housing and Urban Development, theJudiciary, the District of Columbia, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006 㧔H.R.
3058㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ
183
Public Law 109-435 ోᢥ㧦
http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ435.109
184
Public Law 109-435 ోᢥ㧦http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ435.109

42

ಽ㊁

ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯

ἴኂᡰ
ᡰេ

ᴺᓞ
2005 ᐕ☨⥶ⓨቝቮዪ⹺นᴺ
㧔National Aeronautics andSpace Administration
Authorization Act of 2005‫ޔ‬
P.L.109-155㧕
2006 ᐕㅌᓎァੱ⛎ઃ㊄࡮ࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕ࡮IT ᴺ㧔Veterans
Benefits, Health Care, andInformation Technology Act
of 2006‫ޔ‬P.L.109-461㧕
ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯᡽╷ᴺ㧔Energy
Policy Act of 2005‫ޔ‬P.L.10958㧕187ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆἴኂᡰេࡠ࡯
ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߘߩઁߩߚ߼ߩ
2006 ᐕᐲ⵬ᱜ੍▚ᴺ㧔Making
supplemental appropriations
for fiscal year 2006 for the
Small Business
Administration's disasterloans program, and for otherpurposes. P.L.109-174㧕1892006 ᐕࡑࠣ࠽࠰ࡦ㧙 ࠬ࠹ࠖ࡯ࡉࡦ࠭㝼㘃଻ో࡮▤ℂౣ᝼ᮭᴺ
㧔Magnuson-Stevens FisheryConservation and Management
Reauthorization Act of2006‫ޔ‬P.L.109-479㧕191

᭎ⷐਛዊડᬺᐡߣㅪ៤ߒ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ߆ࠄߩ⺞㆐ઙᢙ෸߮ᄾ⚂㗵ࠍㆡಾߥ▸࿐ߢჇടߐߖࠆߎߣ
ࠍ NASA ߦᜰ␜185‫ޕ‬ㅌᓎァੱ⋭ߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ㅌᓎァੱ߇⚻༡ߔࠆਛዊડᬺ߆ࠄߩ⺞㆐⋡ᮡઙᢙࠍᲤᐕᐲ⸳ቯߔ
ࠆߎߣࠍ⟵ോઃߌࠆ186‫ޕ‬ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߩਛዊડᬺะߌ⋭ࠛࡀࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ
ᡷᱜ‫߇⋭࡯ࠡ࡞ࡀࠛޔ‬ታᣉߔࠆਛዊડᬺࠍኻ
⽎ߣߒߚౣ↢น⢻ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓዉ౉⾌↪ߩ࡝ࡌ࡯࠻ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ⸳ቯ‫৻ޔ‬ቯߩⷐઙࠍḩߚߔࡃࠗࠝ⵾ຠ⵾ㅧਛዊડᬺߦኻߔࠆㄘ
ോ⋭ߦࠃࠆ⵬ഥ㊄ߩ⸳ቯ╬188‫ޕ‬ἴኂᡰេࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬7 ం
1,200 ਁ࠼࡞ߩ੍▚ࠍㅊട190‫ޕ‬ࡔࠠࠪࠦḧߢṪᬺࠍ༡߻ડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚࡂ࡝ࠤ࡯ࡦⵍኂᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍ໡ോ⋭߇ታᣉߔࠆ‫৻ߩ▚੍ߩ߼ߚߩߎޕ‬ㇱࠍࠕ࡜ࡃࡑᎺ‫ޔ‬࡞ࠗࠫࠕ࠽Ꮊ‫࠳࡝ࡠࡈޔ‬Ꮊ‫ࡇ࠶ࠪࠪࡒޔ‬Ꮊ‫ޔ‬࠹ࠠࠨࠬᎺߩਛዊડᬺᡰេߦలᒰ192‫ޕ‬

185

Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization
Act of 2005 㧔S.1281㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ
186
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Veterans Benefits, Health Care, and Information Technology Act
of 2006 㧔S.3421㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ
187
Public Law 109-58 ోᢥ㧦http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ058.109
188
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Energy Policy Act of 2005 㧔H.R.6㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ
189
Public Law 109-174 ోᢥ㧦http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ174.109
190
Public Law 109-174 ోᢥ㧦http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ174.109
191
Public Law 109-479 ోᢥ㧦http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ479.109

43

ಽ㊁
ᶖ⾌⠪଻⼔

࿖㓙⾏ᤃ

ߘߩઁ

ᴺᓞ
2005 ᐕ⎕↥Ử↪㒐ᱛ߅ࠃ߮ᶖ⾌⠪଻⼔ᴺ㧔Bankruptcy Abuse
Prevention and Consumer
Protection Act of 2005‫ޔ‬
P.L.109-8㧕
2006 ᐕャ಴౉㌁ⴕౣ᝼ᮭᴺ
㧔Export-Import Bank
Reauthorization Act of2006‫ޔ‬P.L.109-438㧕
2006 ᐕ⑼ቇ㑐ㅪ⋭ᐡ࡮࿖ോ࡮ม
ᴺ࡮໡ോฦ⋭ᱦ಴ᴺ㧔Science,State, Justice, Commerce,and Related Agencies
Appropriations Act, 2006‫ޔ‬
P.L.109-108㧕195᭎ⷐਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆୟ↥ᚻ⛯߈ࠍ෩ᩰൻ㧔ਛዊડᬺߦ߅ߌࠆᦠ㘃ឭ಴߿ႎ๔⟵ോࠍㅊട㧕193‫ޕ‬ャ಴౉㌁ⴕౝߦਛዊડᬺᜂᒰㇱ⟑ࠍ⸳⟎ߒ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᡰេᯏ⢻ࠍᒝൻ㧔࠮࡚ࠢࠪࡦ 6‫ޔ‬
14‫ޔ‬19‫ޔ‬20 ╬㧕194‫ޕ‬࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕߿ᄢቇ╬‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺࠍᡰេߔࠆ࿅
૕߿ᯏ㑐ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚഥᚑ㊄ࠍ੤ઃߔࠆ੍▚ࠍਛዊડᬺᐡߦഀᒰߡࠆ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ‫࠶࡟ޔ‬࠼࡜ࡦ࠼ᄢቇ㧔University of Redlands㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆ‫ޟ‬ਛዊડᬺᡰេߩߚ߼ߩ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫⸳ޠ‬┙㧔100 ਁ࠼࡞㧕߿࠾ࡘ࡯࡛࡯ࠢᎺࠪ࡜ࠠࡘ
࡯࠭Ꮢߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖᡰេࡊࡠ
ࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔15 ਁ࠼࡞㧕ߥߤ‫ޕ‬಴ᚲ㧦ฦ⒳⾗ᢱࠍ߽ߣߦ૞ᚑ
5.1.2.

╙ 110 ⼏ળ╙ 110 ⼏ળ㧔2007㨪2008 ᐕ㧕ߦ߅޿ߡᚑ┙ߒߚਥⷐߥਛዊડᬺ㑐ㅪߩᴺᓞࠍਅ⴫ 12 ߦ߹ߣ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ⋭ࠛࡀᡰេᒝൻ╷㧔ᓟឝ㧕ࠍቯ߼ߚ‫ޟ‬2007 ᐕࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯⥄┙࡮
቟ో଻㓚ᴺ㧔EISA㧕‫ࠍޠ‬㒰ߊߣ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᡰេߦ․ൻߒߚᴺᓞߪ޽߹ࠅ⷗ࠄࠇߥ޿‫ޔ߅ߥޕ‬2010 ᐕ 2 ᦬ 2 ᣣߦࠝࡃࡑᄢ⛔㗔߇ਛዊડᬺⲢ⾗߳ߩ৻ㇱォ↪ࠍ⼏ળߦ๭߮߆ߌߚ TARP ߩ⸳┙ࠍⷙቯߒߚ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬2008 ᐕ✕ᕆ⚻ᷣ቟ቯൻᴺ㧔EESA㧕‫ ╙߽ޠ‬110 ⼏ળߢᚑ┙ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬192

Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management
Reauthorization Act of 2006 㧔H.R.5946㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ‫ޕ‬193
หᴺߪ୘ੱ࡮ᴺੱߦࠃࠆୟ↥ᚻ⛯߈ࠍ෩ᩰൻߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫߅ߥޕ‬ਛዊડᬺߦ⽶ௌߒߡ޿ࠆ୘
ੱ࡮ᯏ㑐߇ୟ↥ߒߚ႐ว‫ޔ‬หᴺߦࠃࠅᒰ⹥ਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆௌᮭ࿁෼ߪኈᤃߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬Library ofCongress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 㧔P.L.1098㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎ http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ008.109.pdf,QUJWC/GPCTF̌5GGKPI4GF̍
http://www.allbusiness.com/business-planning/908621-1.html
194
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Export-Import Bank Reauthorization Act of 2006 㧔S. 3938㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ‫ޕ‬http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ008.109.pdf
195
Public Law 109-108 ోᢥ㧦 http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_bills&docid=f:h2862enr.txt.pdf

44

ಽ㊁
⺞㆐

ࠛ ࡀ࡞ࠡ
࡯

⋭ ࠛࡀ࡮
ἴኂᡰេ

⴫ 12 ╙ 110 ⼏ળߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺ㑐ㅪਥⷐᴺᴺᓞ
᭎ⷐ
2008 ᐕ੍஻౓෸߮ㅌᓎァੱߦࠃࠆ⋭ᐡᮮᢿဳ࠲ࠬࠢࡈࠜ࡯ࠬࠍ⸳⟎ߔࠆߥߤ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺౣ᝼ᮭਗ߮ߦᯏળᒝൻᴺ⋭ᐡో૕ࠍㅢߒߡㅌᓎァੱ߇⚻༡ߔࠆડᬺ෸
㧔Military Reservist and߮ਛዊડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ⺞㆐ࠍᒝൻ
196
Veteran Small Business‫ޕ‬
Reauthorization and Opportunity
Act of 2008‫ޔ‬P.L.110-186㧕
FY2008 ᐕ࿖㒐ౣ᝼ᮭᴺ㧔Nationalਛዊડᬺߩㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ⺞㆐⋡ᮡߩᜰᮡߦ‫ޔ‬‫ࡂޟ‬
Defense Authorization Act forࡢࠗᎺ಴り⠪߿ࠕ࡜ࠬࠞᎺ಴り⠪߇⚻༡ߔࠆ
Fiscal Year 2008‫ޔ‬P.L.110-181㧕 ਛዊડᬺ‫ࠍޠ‬ㅊട‫ޕ‬࿖㒐✚⋭ߦ߅ߌࠆ SBIRࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍౣ᝼ᮭ197‫ޕ‬2008 ᐕㅌᓎァੱᐕ㊄ᡷༀᴺㅌᓎァੱ⋭߇ㅌᓎァੱߩ⚻༡ߔࠆਛዊડᬺ߆
㧔Veterans' Benefitsࠄߩ⺞㆐ࠍᒝൻ198‫ޕ‬Improvement Act of 2008‫ޔ‬
P.L.110-389㧕
2007 ᐕࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯⥄┙࡮቟ో଻㓚 ⋭ࠛࡀᑪㅧ‛߿⸳஻‫ޔ⟎ⵝޔ‬ᛛⴚ╬ߩ㐿⊒‫ޔ‬ᴺ㧔Energy Independence andᛩ⾗‫⺞ޔ‬㆐ࠍᡰេߔࠆߚ߼ߩࡠ࡯ࡦ߿ഥᚑ㊄Security Act of 2007 : EISA‫ޔ‬ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍਛዊડᬺᐡ߇ታᣉߔࠆ199‫ޕ‬
P.L.110-140㧕
2008 ᐕㄘᬺᴺ㧔Food,ㄘോ⋭߇ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯⋭ߣㅪ៤ߒ‫ޔ‬ㄘኅ߿ㄘ᧛
Conservation, and Energy Act of ㇱߩਛዊડᬺߦ⋭ࠛࡀ෸߮ౣ↢น⢻ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ
2008‫ ޔ‬P.L. 110-234㧕࡯㐿⊒ࠍផㅴߔࠆ‫☨ޟ‬࿖ㄘ᧛ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ኻ╷ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔Rural Energy for America
Program㧕‫ࠍޠ‬ታᣉ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߦኻߒ
ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ἴኂᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍᜰើ⋙〈ߔࠆ⡯ോߩ⸳⟎߿‫✕ޔ‬ᕆἴኂᡰេࡠ࡯ࡦᡰ⛎ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᣂ⸳ࠍⷙቯ200‫ޕ‬

196
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Military Reservist and Veteran Small Business Reauthorization
and Opportunity Act of 2008 㧔H.R.4253㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ‫ޕ‬197
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008
㧔H.R.4986㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ‫ޕ‬198
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Veterans' Benefits Improvement Act of 2008 㧔S.3023㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱ
ႎࠃࠅ‫ޕ‬
199
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 㧔H.R.6㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱ
ႎࠃࠅ‫ޕ‬http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=110_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ140.110.pdf
200
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 㧔H.R.2419㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ‫ޕ‬

45

ಽ㊁
ἴኂᡰេ

ߘߩઁ

ᴺᓞ
2008 ᐕㄘᬺᴺ㧔Food,
Conservation, and Energy Act of2008‫ޔ‬P.L. 110-246㧕201

2008 ᐕ 9 ᦬ 30 ᣣߦ⚳ੌߔࠆᐕᐲ
㧔2007 ᐕᐲ㧕࿖࿯቟ో଻㓚⋭੍▚෸߮ߘߩઁ⋡⊛ߩߚ߼ߩᴺᓞ
㧔Making appropriations for the
Department of Homeland Security
for the fiscal year ending
September 30, 2008, and forother purposes. ‫ޔ‬P.L. 110329㧕
2008 ᐕ 9 ᦬ 30 ᣣߦ⚳ੌߔࠆᐕᐲ
㧔2007 ᐕᐲ㧕ァ㑐ㅪᣉ⸳ᑪ⸳‫ޔ‬ㅌᓎァੱ⋭‫ઁߩߘޔ‬㑐ㅪ⋭ᐡ੍▚ਗ߮ߦߘߩઁ⋡⊛ߩߚ߼ߩᴺᓞ
㧔Making appropriations formilitary construction, theDepartment of Veterans Affairs,
and related agencies for the
fiscal year ending September
30, 2008, and for otherpurposes. ‫ޔ‬P.L.110-140㧕☨࿖┹੎ജᴺ㧔America COMPETESAct‫ޔ‬P.L. 110-69㧕᭎ⷐਛዊડᬺἴኂᡰេࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍᡷ
ᱜ‫⚻ޕ‬ᷣ⊛៊ኂἴኂࡠ࡯ࡦ㧔economic
injury disaster loans㧕ߩ᳃㑆㕖༡೑ᯏ㑐߳ߩㆡ↪߿‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ߇ㅪ㇌✕ᕆ੐ᘒ▤ℂᐡ㧔FEMA: Federal Emergency Management
Agency㧕ߣߩㅪ៤ߩਅߢἴኂᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
ࠍታᣉߔࠆߎߣߥߤࠍⷙቯ202‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ߳ߩ✕ᕆ⵬ᱜ੍▚ߩഀࠅᒰߡࠍⷙ
ቯ203‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߩἴኂᡰេࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߳
ߩ⵬ᱜ੍▚ߩഀࠅᒰߡࠍⷙቯ204☨࿖ᮡḰᛛⴚዪ㧔NIST: National Instituteof Standards and Technology㧕߇ታᣉߔࠆ
⵾ㅧ᜛ᒛࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ㧔Manufacturing
Extension Partnership㧕ߩ⻁໧ᯏ㑐ߩࡔࡦ
ࡃ࡯10 ੱߩ߁ߜ‫ޔ‬5 ੱߪ☨࿖ਛዊ⵾ㅧ੐ᬺ⠪ߩઍ⴫ߦࠃߞߡㆬ಴ߔࠆߎߣࠍⷙቯ205‫ޕ‬201‫ޟ‬2008 ᐕㄘᬺᴺ㧔Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008㧕‫ߣޠ‬๭߫ࠇࠆᴺᓞ߇ 2 ઙ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ౝኈߪ⇣ߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬202
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 㧔H.R.6124㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ‫ޕ‬203
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Making appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security
for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2008, and for other purposes. 㧔H.R.2638㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ‫ޕ‬204
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Making appropriations for military construction, theDepartment of Veterans Affairs, and related agencies for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2008,
and for other purposes. 㧔H.R.2642㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ‫ޕ‬205
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ America COMPETES Act 㧔H.R.2272㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ‫ޕ‬46

5.1.3.

಴ᚲ㧦ฦ⒳⾗ᢱࠍ߽ߣߦ૞ᚑ╙ 111 ⼏ળࠝࡃࡑ᡽ᮭࠍㄫ߃‫ޔ‬2009 ᐕ 1 ᦬ߦ㐿ᆎߒߚ╙ 111 ⼏ળ㧔2010 ᐕᧃ߹ߢ㧕ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩ
⾗㊄⺞㆐ᡰេ߿ャ಴ᝄ⥝ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚᴺ᩺߿‫ࠕࠤࠬ࡞ࡋޔ‬ᡷ㕟ߥߤᄙ᭽ߥᴺ᩺߇ክ⼏ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߪߢߎߎޕ‬ਛዊડᬺߦ㑐ㅪ߇ᷓ޿߽ߩߣߒߡએਅߩ 13 ߩᴺᓞ࡮ᴺ᩺ߩ᭎ⷐࠍ⚫੺ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
1. ᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺ㧔The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009㧕
2. ࠢ ࡟ ࠫ ࠶ ࠻ ࠞ ࡯ ࠼ ᡷ 㕟 ᴺ 㧔 Credit Card Accountability Responsibility andDisclosure Act of 2009㧕
3. 2009 ᐕ SBIR/STTR ౣ᝼ᮭᴺ᩺(SBIR/STTR Reauthorization Act of 2009)
4. 2009 ᐕਛዊડᬺ⽷᡽ᛩ⾗ᴺ᩺㧔Small Business Financing and Investment Act of2009㧕
5. 2009 ᐕ ਛ ዊડ ᬺ ᐡἴ ኂ ᡰ េᡷ 㕟 ᴺ ᩺㧔 Small Business Administration Disaster
Recovery and Reform Act of 2009㧕
6. ਛዊડᬺ․೎ఘළᕡਭൻᴺ᩺㧔Small Business Expensing Permanency Act㧕
7. 2009 ᐕਛዊડᬺャ಴ᒝൻ࡮࿖㓙⾏ᤃᴺ᩺(Small Business Export Enhancement andInternational Trade Act of 2009)8. ਛዊડᬺㅢ໡ઍ⴫ᴺ᩺㧔Small Business Trade Representation Act㧕
9. 㓹↪ഃ಴ኻ╷ᴺ᩺(Jobs for Main Street Act)10. 2009 ᐕ ਛ ዊ ડ ᬺ㓹 ↪ ഃ ಴ ෸߮ ⾗ ᧄ ⺞ ㆐ᴺ ᩺ 㧔 Small Business Job Creation andAccess to Capital Act of 2009㧕
11. 2010 ᐕᐲ൮᜝ᱦ಴ᴺ㧔FY2010 Consolidated Appropriations Act㧕
12. ࿖㒐✚⋭ᱦ಴ᴺ(Department of Defense Appropriation Act)13. ක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟ᴺ᩺㧔ਅ㒮᩺㧦Affordable Health Care for America Act‫ޔ‬਄㒮᩺㧦
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act㧕ߎࠇࠄߩᴺᓞ࡮ᴺ᩺ߩ߶߆‫ޔ‬2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 8 ᣣߦࠝࡃࡑᄢ⛔㗔ߦࠃߞߡ⊒⴫ߐࠇߚㅊട᥊᳇
ኻ╷᩺ߩਛߢ‫⺖࡞࠲ࡇࡖࠠࡠ࠯ޔ‬⒢߿ਛዊડᬺߩᣂⷙ㓹↪ଦㅴߦะߌߚᷫ⒢╷ߦߟ޿ߡ⸒෸߇
ߐࠇߚߎߣ߆ࠄ206‫੹ޔ‬ᓟ 111 ⼏ળߢߪߎࠇࠄߩᣉ╷ߦ㑐ߔࠆᴺ᩺߇ክ⼏ߐࠇࠆน⢻ᕈ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬1.

᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺ㧔P.L. 111-5㧕㧦2009 ᐕ 2 ᦬ 17 ᣣߦᚑ┙ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᚻᢙᢱᷫ఺‫ޔ‬หᐡߦࠃࠆࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽₸ߩᒁ߈਄ߍ
㧔75㨪85㧑ψ90㧑㧕‫⸽଻࠻࠶ࠤ࡯ࡑ࡮࡯࡝࠳ࡦࠞ࠮ޔ‬ዪߩ⸳┙╬‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߩᓎഀ෸߮ࡊࡠ
ࠣ࡜ࡓ᜛ల෸߮‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚᷫ⒢ភ⟎㧔੍ቯ⚊⒢㗵ߩᷫ㗵߿⚐༡ᬺ៊ᄬ➅⿧ߩ᜛ᄢ㧕ࠍⷙቯߒߡ޿ࠆ207‫ޕ‬206

ࡎ ࡢ ࠗ ࠻ ࡂ ࠙ ࠬ ‫̌ ޔ‬2TGUKFGPV 1DCOC #PPQWPEGU 2TQRQUCNU VQ #EEGNGTCVG ,QD )TQYVJ CPF .C[ VJG(QWPFCVKQPHQT4QDWUV'EQPQOKE)TQYVJ̍:
http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/president-obama-announces-proposals-accelerate-jobgrowth-and-lay-foundation-robust207
࡮Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Making supplemental appropriations for job preservation andcreation, infrastructure investment, energy efficiency and science, assistance to the unemployed,
and State and local fiscal stabilization, for fiscal year ending September 30, 2009, and for otherpurposes. 㧔H.R.1㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ‫ޕ‬࡮᥊᳇ౣ╷ᴺోᢥ㧦http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-

47

2.

ࠢ࡟ࠫ࠶࠻ࠞ࡯࠼ᡷ㕟ᴺ㧔P.L.111-24㧕㧦2009 ᐕ 5 ᦬ 22 ᣣߦᚑ┙ࠢ࡟ࠫ࠶࠻ࠞ࡯࠼ળ␠ߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬㊄೑߿ᚻᢙᢱᄌᦝ╬ࠍⴕ߁႐ว‫ޔ‬ᄌᦝ㐿ᆎߩ 45 ᣣ೨߹ߢߦߪᢥᦠߦࠃߞߡࠞ࡯࠼଻᦭⠪ߦႎ๔ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⟵ോઃߌࠆߥߤ208‫ޔ‬ᶖ⾌⠪ߦࠃࠆℂ⸃߇࿎㔍ߥ⺖㊄ߦ㑐ߔࠆⷙ೙ࠍ෩ᩰൻߒߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬ㅪ㌁ℂ੐ળߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬᢙ 50 ฬએਅߩਛዊડᬺ
ߦࠃࠆࠢ࡟ࠫ࠶࠻ࠞ࡯࠼ߩ೑↪‫ޔ‬ਗ߮ߦ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬ਛዊડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚࠢ࡟ࠫ࠶࠻ࠞ࡯࠼
Ꮢ႐ߦߟ޿ߡ⺞ᩏࠍⴕ޿‫⼏ޔ‬ળߦႎ๔ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⟵ോઃߌߡ޿ࠆ209‫ޔߦᦝ ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߦኻ
ߒ‫ޔ‬࿖࿯቟ో଻㓚⋭ߣㅪ៤ߒ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆࠢ࡟ࠫ࠶࠻ࠞ࡯࠼૶↪ߦ㑐ߔࠆ࠺࡯࠲ߩ༚ᄬ╬ࠍ㒐ߋߚ߼ߦ IT ࠮ࠠࡘ࡝࠹ࠖ࡯໧㗴ߦขࠅ⚵߻ߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ‫ޟޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᖱႎ࠮ࠠࡘ࡝࠹
ࠖ࡯࠲ࠬࠢࡈࠜ࡯ࠬ㧔Small Business Information Security Task Force㧕‫ࠍ⟎⸳ߩޠ‬᳞߼ߡ
޿ࠆ210‫ޕ‬
3.

2009 ᐕ SBIR/STTR ᑧ㐳ᴺ㧔P.L.111-84‫ޔ‬2010 ᐕᐲ࿖㒐੍▚ᴺߩ৻ㇱ㧕㧦2009 ᐕ 10 ᦬ 28ᣣߦᚑ┙ਛዊડᬺߦ߅ߌࠆᛛⴚ㕟ᣂᵴേߩଦㅴࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ⋭ᐡᮮᢿဳࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟ‬ਛዊડᬺᛛⴚ㕟ᣂ೙ᐲ㧔SBIR㧦Small Business Innovation Research㧕‫ޠ‬211 ෸߮‫ޟ‬ਛዊડᬺᛛⴚ⒖ォ೙ᐲ㧔STTR㧦Small Business Technology Transfer㧕‫ޠ‬212ߩᑧ㐳‫ޕ‬4.

2009 ᐕਛዊડᬺ⽷᡽ᛩ⾗ᴺ᩺㧔H.R.3854㧕㧦2009 ᐕ 10 ᦬ 29 ᣣߦਅ㒮ࠍㅢㆊਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆ⾗ᧄ⺞㆐ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩౝኈߩ൮᜝⊛⷗⋥ߒࠍⴕ޿‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚᚻ㗃ߥⲢ⾗࡮ᛩ⾗ࠍታᣉߔࠆߚ߼ߩ੍▚ߣߒߡᲤᐕ 440 ం࠼࡞ࠍ⸘਄ߔࠆౝኈߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߎߩᴺ᩺ߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߩⲢ⾗਄㒢㗵߇ᒁ߈਄ߍࠄࠇࠆߣหᤨߦ‫ޟޔ‬ᣧᦼᲑ㓏ᛩ⾗ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔Early-Stage Investment Program㧕‫ࠍޠ‬ᣂ⸳ߒ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ߆ࠄߩⲢ⾗ߦട߃ߡ᳃㑆߆ࠄߩ⾗㊄ࠍ๭߮ㄟߺഃᬺ㑆߽ߥ޿ડᬺ߳ߩᛩ⾗ࠍⴕ߁213‫ߦᦝޕ‬หᴺ᩺ߢߪ‫ޔ‬࿾ၞߩ᳃㑆㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐߆ࠄⲢ⾗ࠍฃߌࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚਛዊડᬺߦኻߔࠆⲢ⾗ᡰេ╷ߣߒߡ‫⾗ޟ‬㊄⵬ᒝࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
㧔Capital Backstop Program㧕‫ࠍޠ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߦᣂ⸳ߔࠆߎߣ߽ቯ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊߩߎޕ‬ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ߇ਛዊડᬺ߆ࠄߩⲢ⾗↳⺧ࠍฃߌ‫ߩ☨ోޔ‬㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐߆ࠄᒰ⹥ડᬺߦⲢ⾗น⢻

bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=111_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ005.111.pdf
208
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Credit CARD Act of 2009㧔H.R. 627㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ‫ޕ‬
209
ห਄‫ޕ‬
210
ห਄‫ޕ‬
ዏ‫ߩߎޔ‬ὐߦ㑐ߔࠆ㘃ૃᴺ᩺ A bill to establish the Small Business Information Security Task Forceto address information security concerns relating to credit card data and other proprietary
information㧔S.1070㧕߇ 5 ᦬ߦ਄㒮ਛዊડᬺ࡮⿠ᬺኅᆔຬળߦㅍઃߐࠇߡ޿ߚὐઃ⸥ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬಴ᚲ㧦Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ A bill to establish the Small Business Information Security
Task Force to address information security concerns relating to credit card data and otherproprietary information㧔S.1070㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ‫ޕ‬211
11 ⋭ᐡ߇‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ߇ᜬߟ↹ᦼ⊛ߥࠕࠗ࠺ࠖࠕߦኻߒߡ R&D ⾌ࠍഥᚑߔࠆࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫ޕ‬
212
5 ⋭ᐡ߇‫ޔ‬㕖༡೑ᯏ㑐ߣදജߒߡ⎇ⓥᚲߦ߅ߌࠆ⎇ⓥᚑᨐߩታ↪ൻߦขࠅ⚵߻ਛዊડᬺߦഥᚑ㊄ࠍឭଏߔࠆࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫ޕ‬213
ਅ㒮ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળ㧔2009 ᐕ 10 ᦬ 29 ᣣ㧕̌*QWUG#RRTQXGU.GIKUNCVKQP'ZRCPFKPI5OCNN$Wsiness#EEGUUVQ%CRKVCN̍: http://www.house.gov/smbiz/PressReleases/2009/pr-10-29-09-hr3854.html

48ߥ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ࠍតߒߛߔ‫ࠆߔ⾗Ⲣޕ‬㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐߇⷗ߟ߆ࠄߥ߆ߞߚ႐วߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ߇⋥ធⲢ⾗ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߣ޿߁ౝኈߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ214‫ޕ‬

5.

2009 ᐕਛዊડᬺᐡἴኂᡰេᡷ㕟ᴺ᩺㧔S.2731㧕㧦2009 ᐕ 11 ᦬ 5 ᣣߦ਄㒮ᆔຬળ߳ឭ಴

2008 ᐕㄘᬺᴺ㧔2008 Farm Bill㧕ߢ⸳ቯߐࠇߚ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ߇ἴኂᤨߦ߅ߌࠆߟߥ߉Ⲣ⾗ߩ଻⸽ࠍⴕ߁ἴኂᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ215ߩ଻⸽਄㒢ࠍ 15 ਁ࠼࡞߆ࠄ 25 ਁ࠼࡞ߦᒁ߈਄ߍࠆ߶߆‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߩἴኂ૑ቛᡰេࡠ࡯ࡦߩ਄㒢㗵ࠍ 4 ਁ࠼࡞߆ࠄ 8 ਁ࠼࡞ߦ‫ޔ‬ఝవ૑ቛߩୃℂ╬ߩ਄㒢㗵ࠍ 20 ਁ࠼࡞߆ࠄ 40 ਁ࠼࡞ߦᒁ߈਄ߍࠆߥߤ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆἴኂᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓᒝൻ
ࠍ࿑ࠆᴺ᩺ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ216‫ޕ‬
6.

ਛዊડᬺ․೎ఘළᕡਭൻᴺ᩺㧔S.2822㧕㧦2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 1 ᣣߦ਄㒮ᆔຬળ߳ឭ಴

ਛዊડᬺߩᷫ⒢ភ⟎ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬࿕ቯ⾗↥ߩ৻᜝៊㊄▚౉਄㒢㗵ࠍ 25 ਁ࠼࡞ߦᕡਭൻߔࠆᴺ᩺
‫ࡑࡃࠝޕ‬ᄢ⛔㗔߽‫ޔ‬2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 8 ᣣߦ⊒⴫ߒߚㅊട᥊᳇ኻ╷ߦ㑐ߔࠆឭ⸒ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ห᭽ߩភ⟎ࠍ๭߮߆ߌߡ޿ࠆ218‫ޕ‬

217

7.

2009 ᐕਛዊડᬺャ಴ᒝൻ࡮࿖㓙⾏ᤃᴺ᩺㧔S.2862㧕
㧦2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 9 ᣣߦ਄㒮ᆔຬળ߳ឭ
಴࡜ࡦ࠼࡝ࡘ࡯਄㒮⼏ຬߣࠬࡁ࠙਄㒮⼏ຬߦࠃࠆ 2 ᧄߩਛዊડᬺ⾏ᤃᡰេᴺ᩺ߩ 1 ߟ219‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߦ‫ޟ‬࿖㓙⾏ᤃᜂᒰ㐳ቭ⵬㧔Associate Administrator for International Trade㧕‫ࠍޠ‬ᣂߚߦછ๮ߔࠆߎߣࠍቯ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬໡ോ⋭㐳ቭ‫ޔ‬ㅢ໡ઍ⴫ㇱ‫ޔ‬ャ಴౉㌁ⴕ‫ޔ‬ᶏᄖ᳃㑆ᛩ⾗

214

̌.GIKUNCVKXG&KIGUV5OCNN$WUKPGUU(KPCPEKPICPF+PXGUVOGPV#EVQH̍
http://www.gop.gov/bill/111/1/hr3854
215
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http://sbc.senate.gov/press/record.cfm?id=297705
216
਄㒮ਛዊડᬺ࡮⿠ᬺኅᆔຬળ⊒⴫⾗ᢱ̌5OCNN$WUKPGUU#FOKPKUVTCVKQP&KUCUVGT4GEQXGT[CPF4GHQTO
#EVQH̍:http://sbc.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?a=Files.Serve&File_id=6bf857cc-300c-4fbe-95ea-fca057bb0d24
217࿕ቯ⾗↥ߩ৻᜝៊㊄▚౉ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ࡘࠪ࠶ࡉޔ‬᡽ᮭᤨઍ‫ޔ‬2008 ᐕ᥊᳇ೝỗᴺ㧔Economic Stimulus Act of2008㧕ߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬2008 ᐕߦขᓧߐࠇߚ࿕ቯ⾗↥ߦߟ޿ߡ৻᜝៊㊄▚౉਄㒢㗵ࠍ৻ᤨ⊛ߦ 12 ਁ 8,000 ࠼࡞߆ࠄ25 ਁ࠼࡞ߦᒁ߈਄ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᒁ߈਄ߍߩ 1 ᐕ㑆ߩᑧ㐳ភ⟎߇ᣉߐࠇߚ߇‫ޔ‬2010 ᐕߦߪᒰ⹥਄㒢㗵߇⚂ 13 ਁ 3,000 ࠼࡞‫ޔ‬2011 ᐕߦߪ 2 ਁ 5,000 ࠼࡞ߣᲑ㓏⊛ߦᒁ߈ਅߍࠄࠇࠆߎߣߦߥߞߡ޿
ߚ‫࠙ࡁࠬ࡮ࠕࡇࡦ࡝ࠝޕ‬਄㒮⼏ຬߦࠃࠆࡊ࡟ࠬ࡝࡝࡯ࠬ㧔2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 2 ᣣ㧕̌5PQYG.CPFTKGW+PVTQFWEG.GIKUNCVKQPVQ/CMG2GTOCPGPV%TKVKECN5OCNN$WUKPGUU6CZ&GFWEVKQP̍218ࡎ ࡢ ࠗ ࠻ ࡂ ࠙ ࠬ ‫̌ ޔ‬2TGUKFGPV 1DCOC #PPQWPEGU 2TQRQUCNU VQ #EEGNGTCVG ,QD )TQYVJ CPF .C[ VJGFoundaVKQPHQT4QDWUV'EQPQOKE)TQYVJ̍:
http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/president-obama-announces-proposals-accelerate-jobgrowth-and-lay-foundation-robust
219
NewsChannel5 ឝタ⸥੐㧔2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 10 ᣣ㧕̌5PQYG.CPFTKGW+PVTQFWEG.GIKUNCVKQPVQ$QNUVGT
5OCNN$WUKPGUU2CTVKEKRCVKQPKP+PVGTPCVKQPCN6TCFG̍:Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Small Business Export Enhancement and International Trade Act㧔S.
2862㧕෸߮ Small Business Trade Representation Act 㧔S. 2861㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎ‫ޕ‬49

౏␠㧔Overseas Private Investment Corporation㧕220 ߥߤߩㅪ㇌᡽ᐭᯏ㑐߿Ꮊ᡽ᐭ࡮࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕ߥߤߦࠃࠆャ಴ផㅴࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߣ⛮⛯⊛ߥㅪ៤ߩਅߢࡈࠔࠗ࠽ࡦࠬ‫ޔ‬ㆡᔕᡰេ╬ߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߿‫ޔ‬࿖㓙⾏ᤃࡠ࡯ࡦ㧔International Trade Loan㧕߹ߚߪャ಴⾗㊄ᡰេࡊࡠࠣ
࡜ࡓ㧔Export Working Capital Program㧕㧔2.2.1 ෳᾖ㧕ߩⲢ⾗㗵਄㒢ࠍ 25 ਁ࠼࡞߆ࠄ 50 ਁ࠼࡞ߦᒁ߈਄ߍ߽ⷙቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߦᦝޕ‬ャ಴ߦᓥ੐ߔࠆਛዊડᬺᢙ෸߮ਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆャ಴㊂ߩჇᄢࠍ࿑ࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ‫ޟ‬Ꮊ⾏ᤃ࡮ャ಴ଦㅴ⵬ഥ㊄ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔State Trade andExport Promotion Grant Program‫ޔ‬STEP㧕221‫ߜ┙ߩޠ‬਄ߍߥߤ߽⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ222‫ޕ‬
8.

2009 ᐕਛዊડᬺㅢ໡ઍ⴫ᴺ᩺㧔S.2861㧕
㧦2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 9 ᣣߦ਄㒮ᆔຬળ߳ឭ಴

࡜ࡦ࠼࡝ࡘ࡯਄㒮⼏ຬߣࠬࡁ࠙਄㒮⼏ຬ߇‫☨ޔ‬࿖ߩਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆ੐ᬺ᜛ᄢ‫ޔ‬㓹↪ഃ಴‫ߘޔ‬ߒߡ࿖㓙Ꮢ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ┹੎ࠍ⋡ᮡߦ૞ᚑߒߚ 2 ᧄߩᴺ᩺ߩ 1 ߟ223‫☨ޕ‬࿖ㅢ໡ઍ⴫ㇱߦ‫ޟ‬ਛዊડᬺᜂᒰㅢ໡ઍ⴫⵬㧔Assistant United States Trade Representative for Small Business㧕‫ޠ‬ࠍᣂ⸳ߒ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߣㅪ៤ߩ਄‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩ⾏ᤃ㓚ოߩ㒰෰߳ะߌߚขࠅ⚵ߺࠍⴕ߁ߎߣࠍ
ⷙቯߒߡ޿ࠆ224‫ޕ‬
9.

㓹↪ഃ಴ኻ╷ᴺ᩺㧔H.R. 2847㧕㧦2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 16 ᣣߦਅ㒮ࠍㅢㆊ

2008 ᐕ✕ᕆ⚻ᷣ቟ቯൻᴺ(EESA㧕ߦࠃߞߡ⸳⟎ߐࠇߚ TARP ߩ૛೾㊄㧔㄰ᷣ㊄߽฽߻㧕ࠍ‫Ⲣޔ‬⾗Ⴧᒝߦᵹ↪ߒ‫ޔ‬ታᘒ⚻ᷣߦ߅ߌࠆ㓹↪ഃ಴ߩ᜛ᄢࠍ⋡ᜰߒߚᴺ᩺225‫ࡑࡃࠝޕ‬ᄢ⛔㗔߽‫ޔ‬2009ᐕ 12 ᦬ 8 ᣣߦ⊒⴫ߒߚㅊട᥊᳇ኻ╷ߦ㑐ߔࠆឭ⸒ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ห᭽ߩភ⟎ࠍ๭߮߆ߌߡ޿ࠆ226‫ޕ‬220ᶏᄖ᳃㑆ᛩ⾗౏␠ߪ‫ޔ‬᳃㑆ડᬺߩᶏᄖᛩ⾗ᵴേࠍ଻⸽࡮Ⲣ⾗ࠍㅢߓߡᡰេߔࠆㅪ㇌᡽ᐭᯏ㑐ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᶏᄖ᳃㑆ᛩ⾗౏␠࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻:http://www.opic.gov/about-us221ࠬࡁ࠙਄㒮⼏ຬߦࠃࠆࡊ࡟ࠬ࡝࡝࡯ࠬ㧔2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 17 ᣣ㧕 ̌%QOOKVVGG2CUUGU5PQYG$KNN6Q
Increase SmalN$WUKPGUU'ZRQTVKPI̍:
http://snowe.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=PressRoom.PressReleases&ContentRecord_id=9ecab
987-802a-23ad-41dc-9f2b621a865a
222
࡮NewsChannel5 ឝタ⸥੐㧔2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 10 ᣣ㧕̌5PQYG.CPFTKGW+PVTQFWEG.GIKUNCVKQPVQ$QNUVGT
5OCNN$WUKPGUU2CTVKEKRCVKQPKP+PVGTPCVKQPCN6TCFG̍‫ޕ‬࡮Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Small Business Export Enhancement and International Trade Act
㧔S. 2862㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎ‫ޕ‬
223
NewsChannel5 ឝタ⸥੐㧔2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 10 ᣣ㧕̌5PQYG.CPFTKGW+PVTQFWEG.GIKUNCVKQPVQ$QNUVGT
5OCNN$WUKPGUU2CTVKEKRCVKQPKP+PVGTPCVKQPCN6TCFG̍:
http://www.newschannel5.com/Global/story.asp?S=11657740
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Small Business Export Enhancement and International Trade Act㧔S.
2862㧕෸߮ Small Business Trade Representation Act 㧔S. 2861㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎ‫ޕ‬224
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Small Business Trade Representation Act 㧔S. 2861㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎ‫ޕ‬225
ਅ㒮⼏㐳࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻ߩࡊ࡟ࠬ࡝࡝࡯ࠬ㧔2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 16 ᣣ㧕̌2GNQUK(NQQT5RGGEJQPVJG,QDUHQT
/CKP5VTGGV#EV̍:http://www.speaker.gov/newsroom/pressreleases?id=1477㧧ࡠࠗ࠲࡯ឝタ⸥੐㧔2009 ᐕ
12 ᦬ 3 ᣣ㧕̌7UGDCPMDCKNQWVHWPFUHQTLQDURCEMCIG2GNQUK̍:
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226
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http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/president-obama-announces-proposals-accelerate-jobgrowth-and-lay-foundation-robust

50

10. 2009 ᐕਛዊડᬺ㓹↪ഃ಴෸߮⾗ᧄ⺞㆐ᴺ᩺㧔S.2869㧕㧦2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 10 ᣣ਄㒮ᆔຬળ߳ឭ಴࡜ࡦ࠼࡝ࡘ࡯਄㒮⼏ຬߣࠬࡁ࠙਄㒮⼏ຬ߇ឭ಴ߒߚᴺ᩺ߢ‫ޔ‬᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߦၮߠߊਛዊડᬺᐡ
ߩࡠ࡯ࡦࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᚻᢙᢱᷫ఺ߣ଻⸽㒢ᐲ㗵ᒁ߈਄ߍߩᦼ㑆ࠍ 1 ᐕᑧ㐳ߔࠆ੐ࠍ⋓ࠅㄟࠎߛᴺ᩺‫ޕ‬ਔ⼏ຬߪ‫ޔ‬154 ਁੱߣߐࠇࠆ☨࿖ߩᄬᬺ⠪ߩౣ㓹↪ߩᯏળࠍഃ಴ߔࠆ㊀ⷐߥᴺ᩺ߣ૏⟎ߠߌߡ߅ࠅ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᴺ᩺ߦࠃࠅਛዊડᬺߪ✚㗵 185 ం࠼࡞ߩⲢ⾗ᯏળࠍᣂߚߦ₪ᓧ಴᧪ࠆߣ⷗Ⓧ߽ߞߡ޿ࠆ227‫ߪ⚦⹦ޕ‬ਅ⴫ 13 ߩㅢࠅ‫ޕ‬
⴫ 13 2009 ᐕਛዊડᬺ㓹↪ഃ಴෸߮⾗ᧄ⺞㆐ᴺ᩺ౝኈ
x7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽਄㒢㗵ࠍ 200 ਁ࠼࡞߆ࠄ 500 ਁ࠼࡞ߦᒁ߈਄ߍࠆ
x504 ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽਄㒢㗵ࠍ 150 ਁ࠼࡞߆ࠄ 550 ਁ࠼࡞ߦᒁ߈਄ߍࠆ
x⍴ᦼߩ໡ᬺ↪ਇേ↥ࡠ࡯ࡦࠍ㐳ᦼߩቯ₸ࡠ࡯ࡦߦಾࠅᦧ߃ࠆ㓙ߦ‫ޔ‬504 ࡠ࡯ࡦࡊࡠࠣ
࡜ࡓࠍ೑↪ߔࠆ੐ࠍ⸵น
x7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦߩ଻⸽㗵਄㒢ߩᒁ߈਄ߍ㧔90㧑߹ߢ㧕ᦼ㒢‫ޔ‬෸߮‫ޔ‬7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦߣ 504 ࡠ࡯ࡦߩᚻᢙᢱߩᷫ఺ᦼ㒢ࠍ 2010 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 31 ᣣ߹ߢߦᑧ㐳xࡑࠗࠢࡠࡠ࡯ࡦ਄㒢㗵ࠍ 3 ਁ 5 ජ࠼࡞߆ࠄ 5 ਁ࠼࡞ߦᒁ߈਄ߍࠆ‫ࠍ⾗Ⲣޔߚ߹ޕ‬ખ੺ߔࠆ㕖༡೑㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߩⲢ⾗✚㗵ߩ਄㒢ࠍ 350 ਁ࠼࡞߆ࠄ 500 ਁ࠼࡞ߦᒁ߈਄ߍࠆ
xਛዊડᬺᐡߪ‫ޔ‬࿾ၞ೎ߦਛዊડᬺะߌߩⲢ⾗ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߩᖱႎࠍឝタߒߚ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻ࠍ૞ᚑ
಴ᚲ㧦਄㒮ਛዊડᬺ࡮ડᬺኅᆔຬળ228ߥ߅‫ޔ‬ਅ㒮ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળߦ߽㘃ૃᴺ᩺㧔H.R.4302㧕߇ 2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 14 ᣣߦឭ಴ߐࠇߡ޿
ࠆ ‫ޕ‬
229

11. 2010 ᐕᐲ൮᜝ᱦ಴੍▚ᴺ㧔P.L.111-117㧕㧦2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 16 ᣣᚑ┙2010 ᐕᐲߩਛዊડᬺᐡ੍▚ߣߒߡ 2009 ᐕᐲ੍▚Ყ 2 ం 1,200 ਁ࠼࡞㧔35%㧕Ⴧߩ 8 ం 2,400ਁ࠼࡞ࠍలᒰ‫ޔߜ߁ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚᣂⷙⲢ⾗ߦ 280 ం࠼࡞‫ࠣࡠࡊ࡮ࡦ࡯ࡠࡠࠢࠗࡑޔ‬࡜ࡓߦࠃࠆᣂⷙⲢ⾗ߦ 2,500 ਁ࠼࡞‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚᡰេߦ 2,200 ਁ࠼࡞‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺࡆࠫࡀࠬ㐿⊒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧔SBDC㧕ߦ 1 ం 1,300 ਁ࠼࡞‫ޔ‬ૐ෼౉ߩਛዊડᬺ੐ᬺਥߦኻߔࠆᛛⴚᡰេ⾌↪ߣߒߡ PRIME
ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦ 800 ਁ࠼࡞߇㈩ಽߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⽷ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ോ⋭ߦࠃࠆࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ㐿⊒㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ࡈࠔࡦ࠼㧔CDFIs Fund㧕ߦ 2 ం 4,700 ਁ࠼࡞㧔೨ᐕᐲᲧ୚Ⴧ㧕ࠍഀᒰߡߡ޿ࠆ߶߆‫☨ޔ‬࿖ᮡḰᛛ
ⴚዪ㧔NIST㧕߳ߩ੍▚ߦ߅޿ߡ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ਛዊડᬺߩ਎⇇Ꮢ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ┹੎ജࠍ㜞߼ࠆ੐ࠍ⋡ᮡߣߔࠆ⵾ㅧᬺ᜛ᄢࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ㧔MEP: Manufacturing Extension Partnerships㧕ࡊࡠࠣ࡜227

਄㒮ਛዊડᬺ࡮⿠ᬺኅᆔຬળߦࠃࠆࡊ࡟ࠬ࡝࡝࡯ࠬ㧔2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 10 ᣣ㧕̌.CPFTKGW5PQYG+PVTQFWEG$KNNVQ%TGCVG,QDUCPF+PETGCUG5OCNN$WUKPGUU.GPFKPI̍:
http://sbc.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?p=PressReleases&ContentRecord_id=0886c24b-85f4-4fae-861e3a4466bdfce4
228
ห਄‫ޕ‬
229
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ To increase loan limits for small business concerns, toprovide for low interest refinancing for small business concerns, and for other purposes.
㧔H.R.4302㧕ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ‫ޕ‬51

ࡓ߳ 1 ం 2,500 ਁ࠼࡞ߩలᒰࠍ᳿ቯߒߚ230‫ޕ‬
12.࿖㒐✚⋭ᱦ಴ᴺ㧔P.L.111-118㧕
㧦2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 19 ᣣᚑ┙᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߦၮߠ߈ᚻᒰߐࠇߚ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߩା↪଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ․଀↪ߩ੍▚ 3 ం
7,500 ਁ࠼࡞ߪ 2009 ᐕ 11 ᦬ᧃߦߪᨗᷢߒߚ‫ޔ߼ߚߩߘޕ‬7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦ㑐ߔࠆⲢ⾗଻⸽₸ߩᒁ߈਄ߍ㧔75㨪85㧑ψ90%㧕෸߮ᚻᢙᢱߩᷫ఺ࠍ⛮⛯ߔࠆߚ߼‫ᧄޔ‬ᴺߦࠃࠅ 1 ం
2,500 ਁ࠼࡞ߩㅊട੍▚߇㈩ಽߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
13.ක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟ᴺ᩺㧦ਅ㒮᩺㧔H.R.3962㧕ߪ 2009 ᐕ 11 ᦬ 7 ᣣߦਅ㒮ࠍㅢㆊ‫ޔ‬਄㒮᩺
㧔H.R.3590㧕ߪ 2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 24 ᣣߦ਄㒮ࠍㅢㆊ଻㒾ળ␠ߦߪᣢᓔ∝ߩ᦭ήߦ㑐ࠊࠄߕട౉Ꮧᦸ⠪ోຬߦ଻㒾ࠍឭଏߔࠆ੐ࠍ⟵ോઃߌߚࠅ‫ޔ‬଻㒾ౝኈߩ޽ࠆ⒟ᐲߩᮡḰൻ߿଻㒾ᢱߩૐᷫࠍ⋡ᜰߒߚ౏⊛ක≮଻㒾Ꮢ႐㧔ࠛࠢࠬ࠴ࠚࡦࠫ㧕ߩഃ⸳ࠍ⋓ࠅㄟࠎߛ൮᜝⊛ߥක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟ᴺ᩺‫ޕ‬ડᬺߪ㓹↪⠪ߩߚ߼ߩක≮଻㒾⾌ࠍ⽶ᜂߔࠆߎߣ߇⟵ോઃߌࠄࠇࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߪ‫଻ޔ‬㒾ᢱߩ৻ㇱ߇⒢ប㒰ߣߒߡ⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆߎߣߦߥߞߡ
޿ࠆ231‫ޕ‬

5.2. ਛዊડᬺ᡽╷ࠍᜂᒰߔࠆᆔຬળߩᆔຬߩ㗻߱ࠇㅪ㇌⼏ળߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫ޔ‬ਅ㒮ߪోᢙ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬਄㒮ߪ৻ㇱߦߟ޿ߡ⼏ຬㆬ᜼߇ⴕࠊࠇ‫ޔ‬2009 ᐕ 1
᦬ࠍᜬߞߡᣂ⼏ળ߇⊒⿷ߒߚ‫ޔ߼ߚߩߎޕ‬ਛዊડᬺ㑐ㅪᆔຬળߩࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߦᄢ᏷ߥᄌᦝ߇⷗ࠄ
ࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬਄㒮ਛዊડᬺ⿠ᬺኅᆔຬળߪ 19 ฬਛ 4 ฬ߇‫ޔ‬ਅ㒮ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળߪ 29 ฬਛ 19 ฬ߇ᣂࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧔⴫ 14‫ޔ‬⴫ 15 ෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬⴫ 14110 ⼏ળߣ 111 ⼏ળߦ߅ߌࠆ਄㒮ਛዊડᬺ⿠ᬺኅᆔຬળࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߩᄌㆫ

230

ਅ㒮⼏㐳࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻ ‫;(̌ޔ‬%QPUQNKFCVGF#RRTQRTKCVKQPU#EV̍:
http://www.speaker.gov/newsroom/legislation?id=0349
231
41$$/#0&'.$#7/̌9JCVVJG5GPCVG̉U*GCNVJ$KNN/GCPUHQT5OCNN$WUKPGUU̍
http://boss.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/23/what-the-senates-health-bill-means-for-small-business/52110⼏ળ ਄㒮ਛዊડᬺ⿠ᬺኅᆔຬળ
(Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship)(Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship)

᳃ਥౄ9ฬ‫┙⁛ޔ‬1ฬ㧛౒๺ౄ9ฬᆔຬ㐳㧦John F. Kerry (᳃࡮MA)ᐙㇱࡔࡦࡃ࡯㧦Olympia J. Snowe (౒࡮ME)

᳃ਥౄ11ฬ㧛౒๺ౄ8ฬᆔຬ㐳㧦Mary L. Landrieu (᳃࡮LA)ᐙㇱࡔࡦࡃ࡯㧦Olympia J. Snowe (౒࡮ME)

᳃ਥ(9)㧛⁛┙(1)

᳃ਥ(11)

౒๺(9)Chair: John F. Kerry (MA)Carl Levin (MI)Tom Harkin (IA)Joseph I. Lieberman (CT)Mary L. Landrieu(LA)Maria Cantwell (WA)Evan Bayh (IN)Mark L. Pryor (AR)Benjamin L. Cardin (MD)Jon Tester (MT)

⴫ 15111⼏ળ ਄㒮ਛዊડᬺ⿠ᬺኅᆔຬળ

Chair: Mary L. Landrieu(LA)John F. Kerry (MA)Carl Levin (MI)Tom Harkin (IA)Joseph I. Lieberman (CT)Maria Cantwell (WA)Evan Bayh (IN)Mark L. Pryor (AR)Benjamin L. Cardin (MD)Jeanne Shaheen (NH)Kay Hagan (NC)Ranking Member: Olympia J.
Snowe (ME)
Christopher S. Bond (MO)Norm Coleman (MN)David Vitter (LA)Elizabeth Dole (NC)John Thune (SD)Bob Coker (TN)Michael B. Enzi (WY)Johnny Isakson (GA)౒๺(8)
Ranking Member: Olympia J.
Snowe (ME)
Christopher S. Bond (MO)David Vitter (LA)John Thune (SD)Michael B. Enzi (WY)Johnny Isakson (GA)Roger Wicker (MS)Republican Leadership Designee(TBD)

110 ⼏ળߣ 111 ⼏ળߦ߅ߌࠆਅ㒮ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߩᄌㆫ

110⼏ળ ਅ㒮ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળ (House Committee on Small Business)

111⼏ળ ਅ㒮ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળ (House Committee on Small Business)

᳃ਥౄ18ฬ㧛౒๺ౄ15ฬ
ᆔຬ㐳㧦Nydia Velázquez (᳃࡮NY)ᐙㇱࡔࡦࡃ࡯㧦Steve Chabot (౒࡮OH)

᳃ਥౄ17ฬ㧛౒๺ౄ12ฬᆔຬ㐳㧦Nydia Velázquez (᳃࡮NY)ᐙㇱࡔࡦࡃ࡯㧦Sam Graves (౒࡮MO)

᳃ਥ(18)

౒๺(15)

Chair: Nydia Velázquez (NY)
Juanita Millender-McDonald (CA)Daniel Lipinski (IL)Eni F.H. Faleomavaega, (Del. AS)
Donna Christensen, (Del. VI)
Danny Davis (IL)
Madeleine Bordallo (Del. GU)
Raúl Grijalva (AZ)
Mike Michaud (ME)
Linda Sánchez (CA)John Barrow (GA)Melissa Bean (IL)
Gwen Moore (WI)
William Jefferson (LA)4⼏ᏨⓨᏨ

Ranking Member: Steve Chabot(OH)
Donald Manzullo (IL)
Roscoe Bartlett (MD)Sam Graves (MO)Todd Akin (MO)Bill Shuster (PA)Marilyn Musgrave (CO)Steve King (IA)Thaddeus McCotter (MI)Ric Keller (FL)
Ted Poe (TX)
Jeff Fortenberry (NE)
Lynn Westmoreland (GA)
Louie Gohmert (TX)1⼏ᏨⓨᏨ᳃ਥ(17)
Chair: Nydia Velázquez (NY)Dennis Moore (KS)Heath Shuler (NC)
Kathy Dahlkemper (PA)Kurt Schrader (OR)Ann Kirkpatrick (AZ)
Glenn Nye (VA)
Mike Michaud (ME)Melissa Bean (IL)
Daniel Lipinski (IL)Jason Altmire (PA)Yvette Clarke (NY)Brad Ellsworth (IN)
Joe Sestak (PA)
Bobby Bright (AL)Parker Griffith (AL)
Deborah Halvorson (IL)౒๺(12)
Ranking Member: Sam Graves(MO)
Roscoe Bartlett (MD)
Todd Akin (MO)Steve King (IA)Lynn Westmoreland (GA)
Louie Gohmert (TX)
Mary Fallin (OK)Vern Buchanan (FL)Blaine Luetkemeyer (MO)Aaron Schock (IL)Glenn Thompson (PA)Mike Coffman (CO)಴ᚲ㧦਄㒮ਛዊડᬺ⿠ᬺኅᆔຬળ232‫ޔ‬ਅ㒮ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળ233ߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻ߥߤࠍరߦ૞ᚑ
ᵈ㧦㕍ሼߪ 111 ⼏ળߢ⹥ᒰᆔຬળߦᱷ⇐ߒߥ߆ߞߚࡔࡦࡃ࡯‫⿒ޔ‬ሼߪ 111 ⼏ળ߆ࠄߩᣂⷙࡔࡦ
ࡃ࡯એਅߦ‫ޔ‬ฦᆔຬળߦ߅ߌࠆ⼏ຬࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߩ⇛ᱧࠍ߹ߣ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬
5.2.1.

਄㒮ਛዊડᬺ࡮⿠ᬺኅᆔຬળ

㧨ᆔຬ㐳㧦ࡔࠕ࡝࡯࡮࡜ࡦ࠼࡝ࡘ࡯㧔Mary Landrieu‫࠽ࠕࠫࠗ࡞ޔ‬Ꮊㆬ಴᳃ਥౄ㧕㧪࡜ࡦ࠼࡝ࡘ࡯⼏ຬߪ‫ޔ‬਄㒮⼏ຬߦዞછߔࠆએ೨ߪ࡞ࠗࠫࠕ࠽Ꮊ⼏ળ⼏ຬࠍ 8 ᐕ㑆ോ߼ߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬1996 ᐕߦ☨࿖⼏ળ਄㒮⼏ຬߦᒰㆬ ߒ‫ ⃻ޔ‬࿷‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળߩઁߦ‫▚੍ ޔ‬ᆔຬળ
㧔Appropriations Committee㧕‫ޔ‬ᄤὼ⾗Ḯᆔຬળ㧔Natural Resources Committees㧕ߦᚲዻߒ232
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਄㒮ਛዊડᬺ⿠ᬺኅᆔຬળ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻㧦http://sbc.senate.gov/ਅ㒮ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻㧦http://www.house.gov/smbiz/53ߡ޿ࠆ‫⥄ߩߤߥ࠲࡝࡮ࡦ࡯ࠤ࡝ࡂ߿࠽࡯࡝࠻ࠞ࡮ࡦ࡯ࠤ࡝ࡂޕ‬ὼἴኂ߇⿠ߎߞߚ㓙ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᓳ⥝ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࠍㅦ߿߆ߦ㐿ᆎߔߴߊᵈജߒߚߎߣߢ⍮ࠄࠇࠆ234‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ‫ࠤ࡝ࡂߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬࡯ࡦߦࠃࠆ៊ኂࠍฃߌߚ࿾ၞࠍኻ⽎ߦ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߩ⚻ᷣ៊ᄬἴኂࡠ࡯ࡦ㧔Economic Injury
Disaster Loans㧕੍▚ࠍ 2,500 ਁ࠼࡞⏕଻ߔࠆ╬‫⥄ޔ‬ὼἴኂߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺߩᓳ⥝ᡰេߦ⽸₂
ߒߚ235‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺ໧㗴ߢߪ‫☨ޔ‬࿖⚻ᷣ߇਎⇇Ꮢ႐ߢ┹੎ജࠍ⛽ᜬ಴᧪ࠆ᭽‫ߩߡోޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ߇⾗ᧄ⺞㆐‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ⺞㆐‫ޔ‬ૐࠦࠬ࠻ߢ⾰ߩ㜞޿ஜᐽ଻㒾ࠍᓧࠄࠇࠆ᭽ߥ᡽╷ታ⃻ࠍਛᔃߦᝪ߃ߡ޿ࠆ
236‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬਄㒮ਛዊડᬺ࡮⿠ᬺኅᆔຬળߩᆔຬ㐳ߦዞછߒߚ⋥ᓟߦߪ‫ࠢ࡯ࠞޔ‬ㅢ໡ઍ⴫ߦኻߒ
ߡਛዊડᬺᜂᒰㅢ໡ઍ⴫⵬㧔Assistant U.S. Trade Representative㧕ߩࡐࠬ࠻ߩᣂ⸳ࠍᛂ⸻
ߔࠆ╬‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩ⾏ᤃ໧㗴߽㊀ⷐ⺖㗴ߦ૏⟎ઃߌขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ޿ࠆ237‫ޔ߆߶ߩߎޕ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ
ߩࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᚻᢙᢱᷫ఺߿Ⲣ⾗଻⸽㗵ߩᒁ߈਄ߍ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ⺞㆐ᯏળߩ᜛ᄢߥߤߦ
߽ขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ߅ࠅ‫ࡑࡃࠝޔ‬ᣂ᡽ᮭਅߩਛዊડᬺ໧㗴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ 2009 ᐕߩᚑᨐߦᄢ߈ߊ⽸₂ߒߡ
޿ࠆ238‫ޕ‬࡜ࡦ࠼࡝ࡘ࡯⼏ຬߪ 2009 ᐕએ᧪‫ޔ‬หߓߊᅚᕈ਄㒮⼏ຬߢ޽ࠆ౒๺ౄ╩㗡ᆔຬࠬࡁ࠙਄㒮⼏ຬߣ౒ߦ‫⿥ޔ‬ౄᵷߩㅪ៤ࠍⓍᭂ⊛ߦ➅ࠅᐢߍߡ޿ࠆ239‫ޕ‬

234ࡔࠕ࡝࡯࡮࡜ࡦ࠼࡝ࡘ࡯਄㒮⼏ຬߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻‫̌ ޔ‬Biography̍㧦
http://landrieu.senate.gov/about/bio.cfm
235
ห਄‫ޕ‬
236
ࡔࠕ࡝࡯࡮࡜ࡦ࠼࡝ࡘ࡯਄㒮⼏ຬߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻‫̌ ޔ‬Small Business̍
237
ห਄‫ޕ‬
238
ห਄‫ޕ‬
239
ࡔࠕ࡝࡯࡮࡜ࡦ࠼࡝ࡘ࡯਄㒮⼏ຬߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻‫̌ ޔ‬Small Business̍㧦http://landrieu.senate.gov/issues/smallbiz.cfm

54㧨ᆔຬࡔࡦࡃ࡯㧪
⼏ຬฬ
⇛ᱧ
᳃ਥౄ
࡚ࠫࡦ࡮㧲࡮ࠤx ਄㒮ᄖ੤໧㗴ᆔຬળ㧔Senate Foreign Relations Committee㧕ᆔຬ㐳‫ޔ‬࡝࡯㧔John F.
ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚ‫࠻࠶ࡀ࡯࠲ࡦࠗޔ‬ዊᆔຬળ㧔Communication,
Kerry‫ࡘ࠴ࠨࡑޔ‬Technology , and Internet Subcommittee㧕ߩᆔຬ㐳߽౗છ240‫ޕ‬࡯࠮࠶࠷Ꮊㆬ
x ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળߦߪ 22 ᐕ㑆ᓥ੐ߒ241‫ ╙ޔ‬107 ⼏ળ㧔2001㨪2003 ᐕ㧕෸߮╙ 110 ⼏ળߢߪᆔຬ㐳߽ോ߼ߚ242‫ޕ‬಴㧕x ਛዊડᬺߩ⾗ᧄ⺞㆐ᯏળჇᄢ‫⾏↱⥄ޔ‬ᤃᏒ႐‫ޔ‬㕟ᣂ⊛ᛛⴚࠍᛒ߁ડᬺߩ
⢒ᚑ‫ޔ‬ᅚᕈ⚻༡⠪‫ޔ‬ㅌᓎァੱ‫⚻ࠖ࠹࡝ࡁࠗࡑޔ‬༡⠪ߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺߩ᡽
ᐭ⺞㆐᜛ᄢߩߚ߼ߦዧജߒߚታ❣ࠍᜬߜ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߩࡑࠗࠢࡠࡠ࡯
ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩഃ⸳෸߮ᡷༀߦ߽ᓥ੐ߒߚ243‫ޕ‬x ᄖ੤ᆔຬળߦߪ 19 ᐕ㑆࿷☋ߒߡ߅ࠅ244‫ޔ‬ᄖ੤໧㗴ߢߪ⼏ળߢਛᔃ⊛ߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߡ޿ࠆ245‫ޕ‬x 2003 ᐕߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢ⛔㗔ㆬߩ᳃ਥౄ୥⵬ߦᜰฬߐࠇࠆ246‫ޕ‬ࠞ࡯࡞࡮࡟ࡆࡦx ☨࿖⵾ㅧᬺࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠴ࡉࠍឭ໒ߒ‫☨ޔ‬࿖⵾ㅧᬺߩᶏᄖߦ߅ߌࠆ┹੎ߩ㓚
㧔Carl Levin‫ޔ‬ო㒰෰ߦ⽸₂‫ޕ‬ࡒࠪࠟࡦᎺㆬx ਄㒮⥄േゞࠦ࡯ࠞࠬ෸߮ᤨ਄㒮⥄േゞㇱຠ࠲ࠬࠢࡈࠜ࡯ࠬߩ౒ห⼏㐳಴㧕247
㧔co-chair of the Senate Auto Caucus and the Senate Auto Parts
Task Force㧕ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᶏᄖᏒ႐߇☨࿖⵾ຠߦᏒ႐㐿᡼ߔࠆߚ߼ߩขࠅ⚵ߺߦᓥ੐‫ᦨޕ‬వ┵⥄േゞᛛⴚ㐿⊒ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭ㧙↥ᬺ㑆ߩㅪ៤ࠍታ⃻ߔࠆࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍ㐳ᐕឭ໒ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࠻ࡓ࡮ࡂ࡯ࠠࡦ
x 1974 ᐕߦ‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨߪ౒๺ౄ⦡ߩᒝ޿ㆬ᜼඙ߦ߅ߌࠆਅ㒮ㆬ᜼ߢᒰㆬ‫ޕ‬1984
㧔Tom Harkin‫ޔ‬ᐕߦߪ਄㒮ㆬ᜼ߦൎ೑‫ޕ‬ࠕࠗࠝࡢᎺㆬx ☨࿖㓚ኂ⠪ᴺ㧔Americans with Disabilities Act: ADA㧕ߩ૞ᚑߦ៤ࠊ
಴㧕248ߞߚߩࠍೋ߼ߣߒ‫ޔ‬ᢙᄙߊߩක≮⎇ⓥ߿೙ᐲߩᴺ᩺૞ᚑߦᓥ੐‫ޕ‬਄㒮ஜᐽᢎ⢒ഭ௛ᐕ㊄ᆔຬળ㧔HELP: Senate Health, Education, Labor andPension Committee㧕ߩᆔຬߣߒߡᵴേߒߡ޿ߚ߇‫ޔ‬2009 ᐕ 9 ᦬‫࠺ࡀࠤޔ‬ࠖ࡯਄㒮⼏ຬߩᱫ෰ߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬ㐳ዞછ‫ޕ‬x ㄘᬺಽ㊁ߢߪ‫ޔ‬1975 ᐕߦㄘᬺᆔຬળ㧔Agriculture Committee㧕ߩᆔຬࠍോ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬

240࡚ࠫࡦ࡮ࠤ࡝࡯਄㒮⼏ຬᚲዻᆔຬળ㧦http://kerry.senate.gov/about/committee.cfm
࡚ࠫࡦ࡮ࠤ࡝࡯਄㒮⼏ຬߦࠃࠆᚑᨐߦߟ޿ߡ㧦http://kerry.senate.gov/about/accomplishments.cfm
242਄㒮ਛዊડᬺ⿠ᬺኅᆔຬળ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻ࠃࠅ㧦http://sbc.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?p=History
243࡚ࠫࡦ࡮ࠤ࡝࡯਄㒮⼏ຬߦࠃࠆᚑᨐߦߟ޿ߡ㧦http://kerry.senate.gov/about/accomplishments.cfm
244࡚ࠫࡦ࡮ࠤ࡝࡯਄㒮⼏ຬߦࠃࠆᚑᨐߦߟ޿ߡ㧦http://kerry.senate.gov/about/accomplishments.cfm
245
ห਄‫ޕ‬
246
࡚ࠫࡦ࡮ࠤ࡝࡯਄㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦http://kerry.senate.gov/about/biography.cfm
247ࠞ࡯࡞࡮࡟ࡆࡦ਄㒮⼏ຬߩ⚫੺㧦http://levin.senate.gov/about/
248࠻ࡓ࡮ࡂ࡯ࠠࡦ਄㒮⼏ຬߩ⚫੺㧦http://harkin.senate.gov/about/
241

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ࡑ࡝ࠕ࡮ࠞࡦ࠻
࠙ࠚ࡞㧔Maria
Cantwell‫ࠪࡢޔ‬ࡦ࠻ࡦᎺㆬ಴㧕
249

ࠛࡃࡦ࡮ࡌࠗ
㧔Evan Bayh‫ࠗޔ‬ࡦ࠺ࠖࠕ࠽Ꮊㆬ
಴㧕ࡑ࡯ࠢ࡮ࡊ࡜ࠗ
ࡗ࡯㧔Mark L.
Pryor‫࠽࠱࡝ࠕޔ‬Ꮊㆬ಴㧕⇛ᱧx ࡢࠪࡦ࠻ࡦᎺߩࡂࠗ࠹ࠢ↥ᬺߢᚑഞߒ‫ޔ‬૗⊖߽ߩ㜞⛎⡯ࠍ↢ߺ಴ߔળ␠
૞ࠅߦขࠅ⚵߻‫ޕ‬ਛ↥㓏⚖ߦะߌߚᷫ⒢᡽╷ߩផㅴ⠪‫ޕ‬x ᄖ࿖ડᬺߦࠃࠆਇ౏ᐔߥ⾏ᤃ⁁ᴫࠍᜰ៰ߒ‫ࡦ࠻ࡦࠪࡢޔ‬Ꮊߩ⥶ⓨቝቮ↥ᬺߩ㓹↪଻⼔ߦขࠅ⚵߻‫ޕ‬x ☨࿖ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯⁛┙‫ࠕࠤࠬ࡞ࡋޔ‬ᡷ㕟ߦะߌߡᵴേ‫ޕ‬ർᭂ࿤㊁↢↢‛଻⼔඙㧔Arctic National Wildlife Refuge㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆ⍹ᴤណជᵴേࠍ㒖ᱛߒߚታ❣߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬x ਛዊડᬺߩᚑ㐳ࠍㅢߓߚ㓹↪ഃ಴‫☨ޔ‬࿖ഭ௛⠪ߩਇ౏ᱜߥ⾏ᤃขᒁ߆ࠄ
ߩ଻⼔ߥߤࠍታ⃻ߔࠆߚ߼ߩᴺ᩺ߦ៤ࠊࠆ‫ޕ‬x ⃻࿷‫ޔ‬਄㒮㌁ⴕ࡮૑ቛ࡮ㇺᏒ໧㗴ᆔຬળ㧔Senate Committee for
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs㧕ߦ߅޿ߡ⸽೛࡮࿖㓙⾏ᤃ࡮㊄Ⲣዊᆔຬળ㧔the chairman of the Subcommittee on Security andInternational Trade and Finance㧕ߩᆔຬ㐳250‫ޔ‬ਗ߮ߦ‫ޔ‬㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ዊᆔ
ຬળ㧔Financial Institutions Subcommittee㧕‫⸽ޔ‬೛࡮଻㒾࡮ᛩ⾗ዊᆔຬળ㧔Securities, Insurance and Investment Subcommittee㧕ߩᆔຬࠍ
ോ߼ࠆ251╬‫ޔ‬ว⸘ 6 ߟߩ਄㒮ᆔຬળߦᓥ੐252ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
x 2010 ᐕߩਛ㑆ㆬ᜼ߦߪ಴㚍ߒߥ޿੍ቯ‫ޕ‬x ਛዊડᬺࠍ቞ࠆ┙႐߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ㆮ↥⒢㧔estate tax㧕໧㗴ߩ⸃᳿ߥߤ⒢೙ߩ
ㄭઍൻߦขࠅ⚵߻㊀ⷐᕈࠍਥᒛ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷‫ޔ‬ㆮ↥⒢ប㒰㗵ࠍ 500 ਁ࠼࡞㧔ᄦᇚߩ႐ว 1,000 ਁ࠼࡞㧕ߦᒁ߈਄ߍࠆߚ߼ߦ⿥ౄᵷߢᵴേਛ‫ޕ‬x ਛዊડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚᷫ⒢ߦࠃࠆᣂⷙ㓹↪ᯏળߩഃ಴ࠍᡰᜬߒ‫ޔߚ߹ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߦஜᐽ଻㒾ࠍឭଏߔࠆਛዊડᬺ߳ߩ⒢ប㒰ࠍᡰᜬ253‫ޕ‬x ਄㒮໡ോ⑼ቇㆇャᆔຬળ㧔Senate Commerce, Science, andTransportation Committee㧕ᆔຬ‫ޔ‬ᶖ⾌⠪໧㗴ዊᆔຬળᆔຬ㐳㧔Chairman of the Subcommittee on Consumer Affairs㧕╬‫ ⸘ޔ‬6 ߟߩᆔຬળߦᚲዻ254‫ޕ‬

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ࡑ࡝ࠕ࡮ࠞࡦ࠻࠙ࠚ࡞਄㒮⼏ຬߩ⚫੺:http://cantwell.senate.gov/maria/ࠛࡃࡦ࡮ࡌࠗ਄㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯:http://bayh.senate.gov/about/biography/251ࠛࡃࡦ࡮ࡌࠗ਄㒮⼏ຬߩᚲዻᆔຬળ㧦http://bayh.senate.gov/about/committees/252ࠛࡃࡦ࡮ࡌࠗ਄㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯:http://bayh.senate.gov/about/biography/
253ࡑ࡯ࠢ࡮ࡊ࡜ࠗࡗ࡯਄㒮⼏ຬߩ⚻ᷣ໧㗴߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺߦߟ޿ߡ㧦
http://pryor.senate.gov/issues/economic.cfm
254ࡑ࡯ࠢ࡮ࡊ࡜ࠗࡗ࡯਄㒮⼏ຬߩ⚫੺㧦http://pryor.senate.gov/about/
250

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ࡌࡦࠫࡖࡒࡦ࡮
ࠞ࡯࠺ࠖࡦ㧔Ben
L. Cardin‫࡝ࡔޔ‬࡯࡜ࡦ࠼Ꮊㆬ
಴㧕౒๺ౄࠝ࡝ࡦࡇࠕ࡮ࠬ
ࡁ࠙㧔Olympia
J. Snowe‫ࠗࡔޔ‬ࡦᎺㆬ಴㧕ࠢ࡝ࠬ࠻ࡈࠔ
࡯࡮S࡮ࡏࡦ࠼
㧔Christopher
S. Bond‫࡯࠭ࡒޔ‬
࡝Ꮊㆬ಴㧕

⇛ᱧ
x ⼏ળೋᒰㆬߩ 1987 ᐕએ᧪‫ޔࠕࠤࠬ࡞ࡋޔ‬ㅌ⡯⠪߳ߩ␠ળ଻㓚‫ޔ‬ⅣႺ໧㗴ࠍ‧ᒁ‫ޕ‬x ᄖ੤໧㗴ᆔຬળ㧔Foreign Relations Committee㧕‫ޔ‬มᴺᆔຬળ
㧔Judiciary Committee㧕╬ 5 ߟߩᆔຬળߢᵴേߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬x ⿥ౄᵷߦࠃࠆ໧㗴⸃᳿ߩታ❣ߢߪቯ⹏߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬x ਛዊડᬺᐡߩ଻⸽ᦠ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ଻⸽ᨒࠍ 200 ਁ࠼࡞߆ࠄ 500 ਁ࠼࡞ߦᒁ߈਄ߍࠆ᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߩୃᱜ᧦㗄255‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ੍▚㗵ࠍ 25%Ⴧߔ᧦㗄256ߩታ⃻ߦ⽸₂‫ޕ‬
x ਛዊડᬺᐡߩ 7(a)෸߮ 504 ࡠ࡯ࡦࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓᒝൻ‫ࡊ࡮ࡦ࡯ࡠࡠࠢࠗࡑޔ‬ࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩჇ⾗ࠍᡰᜬߔࠆ߶߆‫ޔ‬SBIR/STTR ߩᒝൻߦ߽Ⓧᭂ⊛257‫ޕ‬x ਄㒮ਛዊડᬺ࡮⿠ᬺኅᆔຬળߩ╩㗡ᆔຬ‫ޕ‬x ⼏ળਔ㒮ߦㆬ಴ߐࠇߚ☨࿖ผ਄ 4 ੱ⋡ߩᅚᕈ⼏ຬ‫ޕ‬x ਥⷐ໧㗴ߩ⸃᳿ߦะߌߡ‫⿥ޔ‬ౄᵷߩหᗧࠍ૞ࠆᆫ൓߆ࠄ‫⼏ޔ‬ળߩⓏஜᵷ
࡝࡯࠳࡯ߩ৻ੱߣߒߡฬࠍ㚓ߖߡ߅ࠅ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷߽਄㒮ߢ‫࠙࡜ࠣ࡮ࡦࡕࠦޟ‬ࡦ࠼ㅪว㧔Common Ground Coalition㧕‫ߣޠ‬๭߫ࠇࠆ᳃ਥ࡮౒๺ਔౄ⼏ຬߩᗧᕁ⇹ㅢߣදജ㑐ଥ᭴▽ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓߦ߅޿ߡ౒ห⼏㐳ߣߒߡ᳃ਥౄ਄㒮⼏ຬ࡜ࡦ࠼࡝ࡘ࡯ߣ౒ߦᵴべߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬x ࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕ‫ޔ‬ᅚᕈߩᮭ೑‫␠ޔ‬ળ⑔␩‫ޔ‬࿖ኅ቟ో଻㓚╬ᄙ᭽ߥ໧㗴ߦ៤ࠊࠅ‫ޔ‬㊄Ⲣᆔຬળ㧔Senate Finance Committee㧕‫ࠕࠤࠬ࡞ࡋޔ‬ዊᆔຬળ㧔Subcommittee on Health Care㧕‫ޔ‬໡ോ࡮⑼ቇ࡮ㆇャᆔຬળ㧔Senate
Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation㧕╬ߩᆔຬߣߒߡ
߽ᵴべ258‫ޕ‬x ᴺᓞ੐ോᚲߢᑯ⼔჻ߣߒߡᵴべߒ‫ޔ‬มᴺ㐳ቭ⵬㧔Assistant Attorney
General㧕ࠍോ߼ߚታ❣߽ᜬߟ‫ޕ‬x 1980 ᐕߦᒙ౰ 33 ᱦߢࡒ࠭࡯࡝Ꮊ⍮੐ߦㆬ಴ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ੑᦼࠍോ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬x ァ੐ജᒝൻߩផㅴ⺰⠪ߢ‫᧲ޔ‬ධࠕࠫࠕߩ⁁ᴫߦ♖ㅢߒߡ޿ࠆ߶߆‫☨ޔ‬࿖ߩ⺴ႎᵴേߩᡷ㕟ߦᓥ੐‫ޕ‬x ☨࿖⚻ᷣ቟ቯߩߚ߼‫ޔ‬㓹↪ᯏળߩ࿖ᄖᵹ಴ࠍ㒐ߋⷙ೙૞ࠅߦขࠅ⚵ߺ‫ޔ‬ࡒ࠭࡯࡝Ꮊࠍァ੐⸳஻ߩ⵾ㅧ߿ࡃࠗࠝ࡮࡜ࠗࡈࠨࠗࠛࡦࠬᣉ⸳ߩਛᔃ࿾
ߦߔߴߊᵴേߒߡ޿ࠆ259‫ޕ‬
x 2010 ᐕߩਛ㑆ㆬ᜼ߦߪ಴㚍ߒߥ޿੍ቯ260‫ޕ‬255ࡌࡦࠫࡖࡒࡦ࡮ࠞ࡯࠺ࠖࡦ਄㒮⼏ຬߩ⚫੺㧦http://cardin.senate.gov/about/index.cfm
ࡌࡦࠫࡖࡒࡦ࡮ࠞ࡯࠺ࠖࡦ਄㒮⼏ຬߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺ໧㗴߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺ㧦
http://cardin.senate.gov/issues/sb.cfm?code=SB
257
ห਄‫ޕ‬
258
ࠝ࡝ࡦࡇࠕ࡮ࠬࡁ࠙਄㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦
http://snowe.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=AboutSenatorSnowe.Biography259ࠢ࡝ࠬ࠻ࡈࠔ࡯࡮S࡮ࡏࡦ࠼਄㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦
http://bond.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=AboutSenatorBond.Biography
260
MSNBC.com ឝタ⸥੐㧔2009 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 8 ᣣ㧕 ̌$QPFYQP VTWPHQTTG-GNGEVKQP̍:
http://firstread.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2009/01/08/1736983.aspx
256

57

⼏ຬฬ
࠺࡯ࡆ࠶࠼࡮ࡆ
࠲࡯㧔David
Vitter‫ࠫࠗ࡞ޔ‬ࠕ࠽Ꮊㆬ಴㧕

࡚ࠫࡦ࡮ࠬ࡯ࡦ
㧔John Thune‫ޔ‬ࠨ࠙ࠬ࠳ࠦ࠲Ꮊ
ㆬ಴㧕ࡑࠗࠤ࡞࡮B࡮ࠛࡦࠫ㧔Michael
B. Enzi‫ࠝࠗࡢޔ‬ࡒࡦࠣᎺㆬ಴㧕࡚ࠫࡦ࡮ࠗࠨ࡯
ࠢ࠰ࡦ㧔Johnny
Isakson‫࡯࡚ࠫޔ‬ࠫࠕᎺ㧕⇛ᱧx ਄㒮ਛዊડᬺ࡮⿠ᬺኅᆔຬળߩઁߦ㌁ⴕ࡮૑ቛ࡮ㇺᏒ㐿⊒ᆔຬળ㧔Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Development㧕‫ޔ‬໡ോ࡮⑼ቇ࡮ㆇャᆔຬળ㧔Committee on Commerce, Science andTransportation㧕╬ߦᓥ੐ߒ‫ޔ‬㓹↪‫ޔ࡜ࡈࡦࠗޔ‬ฦᎺߩ⚻ᷣ㐿⊒໧㗴ߦ㓸ਛ⊛ߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ޿ࠆ261‫ޕ‬x ਛዊડᬺ໧㗴ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕࠦࠬ࠻⽶ᜂߩ೥ᷫ‫⋧ޔ‬⛯⒢㧔death tax㧕262ߩ⒢₸ᒁ߈ਅߍ╬ࠍᡰᜬ263‫ޕ‬x ࡟࡯ࠟࡦ᡽ᮭᤨઍ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߦൕോ‫ޕ‬x 1996 ᐕਅ㒮ೋᒰㆬ‫ޔ‬2004 ᐕ਄㒮ೋᒰㆬ‫ޕ‬x ໡ോ࡮⑼ቇ࡮ㆇャᆔຬળ㧔Commerce, Science & Transportation
Committee㧕╬ߦᚲዻ264‫ޕ‬x ਛዊડᬺ໧㗴ߢߪᷫ⒢╷ࠍ㊀ⷞ265‫ޕ‬x 1997 ᐕೋᒰㆬએ᧪‫ޔ‬਄㒮ஜᐽ࡮ᢎ⢒࡮ഭ௛࡮ᐕ㊄ᆔຬળ㧔Senate
Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee㧕ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ࠬ࡞ࡋޔ‬ࠤࠕ߿ᐕ㊄㑐ㅪᴺ᩺ߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬x ㌁ⴕᆔຬળ㧔Senate Banking Committee㧕ߦᚲዻߒߡ޿ߚ 2002 ᐕߦߪ‫ޔ‬ડᬺⴕേ߿⽷ോႎ๔ߦ㑐ߔࠆ㊀ⷐߥ⿥ౄᵷߦࠃࠆᴺᓞߢ޽ࠆ‫ࡦࡌ࡯ࠨޟ‬‫ߩޠ‬೙ቯߦᄢ߈ߊ⽸₂‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ࠬ࡮ࠝࠢࠬ࡝࡯ᴺ‫ޔ‬Sarbanes-Oxley Act㧕‫ޟ‬2003 ᐕା↪ขᒁߩ౏ᱜ࡮ㆡᱜൻᴺ(the Fair and Accurate Credit
Transactions Act of 2003)‫ߩޠ‬㊄Ⲣ࡝࠹࡜ࠪ࡯㧔financial
literacy㧕ߣ୘ੱᖱႎ⓯⋑㧔identity theft㧕ߩ᧦㗄ࠍ╷ቯߒߚߥߤߩ
ታ❣߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬x ⼏ຬᒰㆬ೨ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩ⚻༡⠪ߛߞߚ⚻㛎߽޽ࠆ266‫ޕ‬x ኅᣖ⚻༡ߩਛዊⷙᮨߩਇേ↥ળ␠ࠍ 60 ᐕઍᓟඨߦ┙ߜ਄ߍߚరࡆࠫࡀࠬ
ࡑࡦ‫ޕ‬
x 2001 ᐕߩᷫ⒢ᴺ᩺ㅢㆊߦ⽸₂267‫ޕ‬
x ਛዊડᬺ໧㗴ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬᰷̌Ꮊᵹ̍ߩ㓹↪⠪⟵ോ㧔European-style
employer mandates㧕ߦ෻ኻߩ┙႐ࠍขࠆ‫ޕ‬x ஜᐽ࡮ᢎ⢒࡮ഭ௛࡮ᐕ㊄ᆔຬળ㧔Senate Health, Education, Labor,and Pensions Committee㧕ߩ㓹↪ഭ௛቟ోዊᆔຬળ㧔Employment andWorkplace Safety Subcommittee㧕ߦ߽ᚲዻ268‫ޕ‬

261

࠺࡯ࡆ࠶࠼࡮ࡆ࠲࡯਄㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦
http://vitter.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=About.Biography262෻ኻᵷߦࠃࠆㆮ↥⒢㧔estate tax㧕ߩ೎⒓‫ޕ‬263࠺࡯ࡆ࠶࠼࡮ࡆ࠲࡯਄㒮⼏ຬߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺ໧㗴߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺ㧦
http://www.vitter.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=IssueStatements.View&Issue_id=76c392b540e6-4f73-a5df-441e7904a15f&CFID=20051049&CFTOKEN=80438074
264࡚ࠫࡦ࡮ࠬ࡯ࡦ਄㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦
http://thune.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Biography.Home.
265࡚ࠫࡦ࡮ࠬ࡯ࡦ਄㒮⼏ຬߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻̌,QDUCPF'EQPQOKE)TQYVJ̍:
http://thune.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Issues.Detail&Issue_id=1edb647e-1541-49218dd7-a080c9890d2e266ࡑࠗࠤ࡞࡮B࡮ࠛࡦࠫ਄㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦
http://enzi.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=AboutSenatorEnzi.SenatorsBio

58

⼏ຬฬ
ࡠࠫࡖ࡯࡮࠙ࠖ
࠶ࠞ࡯㧔Roger
Wicker‫ࠪࠪࡒޔ‬࠶ࡇᎺ㧕ࠫࠚ࡯ࡓ࠭࡮࡝
࠶ࠪࡘ㧔James
Risch‫ࡎ࠳ࠗࠕޔ‬Ꮊ㧕ήᚲዻ࡚ࠫ࠮ࡈ࡮I࡮࡝࡯ࡃ࡯ࡑࡦ㧔Joseph I.
Lieberman‫ࡀࠦޔ‬࠴ࠞ࠶࠻Ꮊㆬ
಴㧕 271⇛ᱧx ᄖ੤໧㗴ᆔຬળ㧔Foreign Relations Committee㧕‫ޔ‬໡ോ࡮⑼ቇ࡮ㆇャᆔ
ຬળ㧔Commerce, Science & Transportation Committee㧕╬ߦᚲዻ‫ޕ‬x ⵾ㅧᬺᝄ⥝ߦᾲᔃߢ‫⵾☨ోޔ‬ㅧᬺ⠪දળ㧔NAM: National Associationof Manufacturers㧕߆ࠄߪ⵾ㅧᬺࠍ☨࿖⚻ᷣߩゲߣߒߡ⹺⼂ߒߚߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬2006 ᐕߦ NAM ⵾ㅧᬺࠛࠢ࠮࡟ࡦࠬ⾨㧔NAM̉S Award for
Manufacturing Excellence㧕ࠍฃ⾨269‫ޕ‬x ࠕࠗ࠳ࡎᎺ⼏ળ⼏ຬߣߒߡ 11 ᦼࠍോ߼ߚᓟߦ‫ޔ‬หᎺ⍮੐ߦዞછ‫ޕ‬x ਛዊડᬺߩ⚻༡⚻㛎ࠍᜬߟ‫ޕ‬x 2008 ᐕ 11 ᦬਄㒮ೋᒰㆬ‫ޕ‬x ᄖ੤໧㗴ᆔຬળ╬⸘ 6 ߟߩ਄㒮ᆔຬળߦߡᵴേ270‫ޕ‬x ᳃ਥౄ♽ߩήᚲዻ⼏ຬ‫ޕ‬
x 1970 ᐕ߆ࠄࠦࡀ࠴ࠞ࠶࠻Ꮊ਄㒮⼏ຬࠍ 10 ᐕ㑆ോ߼‫ޔ‬1983㨪88 ᐕߦߪ‫ޔ‬ࠦࡀ࠴ࠞ࠶࠻Ꮊ╙ 21 ઍมᴺ㐳ቭࠍോ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬x 1988 ᐕ‫☨ޔ‬࿖⼏ળ਄㒮ߦೋᒰㆬ‫ޕ‬቟ో଻㓚໧㗴ߢߪ⼏ળߢᦨ߽ᓇ㗀ജߩ޽ࠆੱ‛ߩ৻ੱߣߒߡ⍮ࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬࿖࿯቟ో଻㓚᡽ᐭ໧㗴ᆔຬળᆔຬ㐳෸߮หዋᢙᵷ╩㗡ᆔຬ㧔Chairman and former Ranking Member of theHomeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee㧕ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬࿖࿯቟ో଻㓚⋭㧔Department of Homeland Security㧕⸳┙ߦะߌߚ਄㒮ᴺ
᩺૞ᚑࠍ‧ᒁߒ‫ޔ‬㒐ⴡ⾌Ⴧ㗵෸߮ 21 ਎♿ߩ⃻⁁ߦ⷗วߞߚ☨ァౣ✬ᚑߩᕆవ㌵ߣߒߡᵴべ‫ޕ‬x ࿖ౝ᡽╷㕙ߢߪ⚻ᷣ᡽╷ࠍ㊀ⷞߒ‫ߩࠬࡀࠫࡆޔ‬ᚑ㐳‫ࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯ࡌࡁࠗޔ‬ផㅴ‫☨ޔ‬࿖⵾ຠߩᏒ႐᜛ᄢ╬‫ޔ‬ᄙⷺ⊛ߦขࠅ⚵߻‫␠ޕ‬ળ᡽╷ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌࠆᯏળߩ᜛లߩઁ‫ࠕࠤࠬ࡞ࡋޔ‬໧㗴ߩ᜛లߦะߌᵴേ‫ޕ‬ㆬ᜼⾗
㊄ᡷ㕟ߩᾲᔃߥឭ໒⠪ߢ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬x 2000 ᐕߩ᳃ਥౄ೽ᄢ⛔㗔୥⵬‫ޕ‬಴ᚲ㧦ฦ⒳⾗ᢱࠍ߽ߣߦ૞ᚑ
5.2.2.

ਅ㒮ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળ

㧨ᆔຬ㐳㧦࠾࠺ࠖࠕ࡮M࡮ࡌ࡜ࠬࠤࠬ㧔0[FKC/8GN¢\SWG\‫ࠢ࡯࡛࡯ࡘ࠾ޔ‬Ꮊㆬ಴᳃ਥౄ㧕㧪ࡌ࡜ࠬࠤࠬ⼏ຬߪਅ㒮⼏ຬᒰㆬᓟ 9 ᦼ⋡ࠍോ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫⼏ޕ‬ળࡅࠬࡄ࠾࠶ࠢ࡮ࠦ࡯ࠞࠬ㧔ࡅࠬࡄ࠾࠶ࠢ♽⼏ຬㅪ⋖‫ޔ‬Congressional Hispanic Caucus㧕ߩ⼏㐳߽ോ߼ࠆ߶߆‫ޔ‬㊄Ⲣᆔຬળ㧔Financial Service Committee㧕ߦ߽ᚲዻߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬1998 ᐕ‫ߩ♽ࠢ࠶࠾ࡄࠬࡅޔ‬ᅚᕈ⼏ຬߣ
267࡚ࠫࡦ࡮ࠗࠨ࡯ࠢ࠰ࡦ਄㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦http://isakson.senate.gov/bio.html
࡚ࠫࡦ࡮ࠗࠨ࡯ࠢ࠰ࡦ਄㒮⼏ຬߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻̌,QJPP[+UCMUQP U2QUKVKQP5VCVGOGPVQP,QDUCPFVJG
9QTMRNCEG̍:http://isakson.senate.gov/jobs.html
269ࡠࠫࡖ࡯࡮࠙ࠖ࠶ࠞ࡯਄㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦
http://wicker.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=AboutRoger.Biography
270ࠫࠚ࡯ࡓ࠭࡮࡝࠶ࠪࡘ਄㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦
http://risch.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?p=Biography271࡚ࠫ࠮ࡈ࡮࡝࡯ࡃ࡯ࡑࡦ਄㒮⼏ຬߩ⚫੺㧦http://lieberman.senate.gov/about/
268

59ߒߡߪೋ߼ߡਛዊડᬺᆔຬળ╩㗡ᆔຬߦછ๮ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬2006 ᐕએ㒠‫ޔ‬ਅ㒮ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળᆔຬ㐳ࠍോ߼ߡ޿ࠆ272‫ޕ‬ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߿⺞㆐⁁ᴫࠍ⋙〈ߔࠆਛዊડᬺᆔຬળߦ߅޿ߡࡌ࡜ࠬࠤࠬ⼏ຬߪ‫ޔ‬⒢೙‫⺞ᧄ⾗ޔ‬㆐‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ⺞㆐ᯏળ‫⾏ޔ‬ᤃ‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚ‫ޔࠕࠤࠬ࡞ࡋޔ‬ᐕ㊄ᡷ㕟╬ߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ޿ࠆ273‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺖㗴ߩ⸃᳿ߦᾲᔃߦขࠅ⚵߻ߎߣߢ߽⍮ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޔ‬2001 ᐕหᤨ࠹ࡠ੐ઙᓟ‫ޔ‬ἴኂᡰេࡠ࡯ࡦࠍ↳⺧ߒߚ࠾ࡘ࡯࡛࡯ࠢᎺߩਛዊડᬺߩඨᢙએ਄ߦⲢ⾗߇ਅࠅߥ߆ߞߚ੐ታࠍขࠅ਄ߍ‫ޔ‬2003 ᐕߦળ⸘ᬌᩏ㒮㧔GAO‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨ㧕ߦ⺞ᩏࠍଐ㗬ߒߚࠅ‫ޔ‬2005 ᐕ 12᦬ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌✕ᕆ੐ᘒ▤ℂᐡ㧔FEMA㧕ߩផ⮈߇޽ߞߚࡠ࡯ࡦ↳⺧ߩ 82%߇ළਅߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣߒ
ߡਛዊડᬺᐡࠍᛕ್ߒߡ޿ࠆ274‫╩ޔߚ߹ޕ‬㗡ᆔຬᤨઍߦߪ᡽ᐭ⺞㆐ߦ㑐ߔࠆࠬࠦࠕࠞ࡯࠼⹏ଔ
೙ᐲߩዉ౉ߦ⽸₂ߒߚታ❣߽ᜬߟ275‫ޕ‬ߎߩ߶߆‫ࠖ࠹࡝ࡁࠗࡑޔ‬ડᬺࠍ㐳ᐕⓍᭂ⊛ߦᡰេߒߡ߈ߚᆫ൓߽⹏ଔߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫࠾ࡄࠬࡅޔ‬࠶ࠢ♽ߩࡆࠫࡀࠬ㔀⹹ߦࠃࠅ 2003 ᐕ࠙࡯ࡑࡦ࡮ࠝࡉ࡮ࠩ࡮ࠗࡗ࡯ߦㆬ߫ࠇߚ276‫ޕ‬㧨ᆔຬࡔࡦࡃ࡯㧪⼏ຬ⇛ᱧ᳃ਥౄ࠺࠾ࠬ࡮ࡓ࡯ࠕ
x ࠞࡦࠩࠬᎺมᴺ㐳ቭ⵬㧔Assistant Attorney General㧕ࠍോ߼ߚᓟ‫ޔ‬୘(Dennis Moore‫ޔ‬ੱᑯ⼔჻ߣߒߡᵴべ‫ޕ‬ࠞࡦࠩࠬᎺㆬ಴) x ⃻࿷ਅ㒮⼏ຬ 6 ᦼ⋡‫ޕ‬x ࡔ࠺ࠖࠤࠕ೙ᐲߩ⮎ઍߩᒁ߈ਅߍദജࠍ‧ᒁ‫ޕ‬ਛ㆏ᵷࠦ࡯ࠞࠬ㧔Center
Aisle Caucus㧕ߦᚲዻ277‫ޕ‬x 110 ⼏ળߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᛩ⾗᜛ᄢᴺ᩺㧔Small Business Investment
Expansion Act㧕‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ౏ᐔ⺞㆐ᴺ᩺㧔Small Business Fairness inContracting Act㧕‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ⺞㆐ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓᡷༀᴺ᩺㧔Small BusinessContracting Program Improvements Act㧕‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺⲢ⾗ᡷༀᴺ᩺㧔Small Business Lending Improvements Act㧕╬ࠍᡰᜬ278‫ޕ‬272࠾࠺ࠖࠕ࡮M࡮ࡌ࡜ࠬࠤࠬ਄㒮⼏ຬߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻‫̌ޔ‬Biography̍㧦
http://www.house.gov/velazquez/about/bio.html
273
ห਄‫ޕ‬
274
࠾ࡘ࡯࡛࡯ࠢ࠲ࠗࡓ࠭‫̌ޔ‬Nydia M. Velazquez̍:
http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/timestopics/people/v/nydia_m_velazquez/index.html
275
ห਄‫ޕ‬
276
࠾࠺ࠖࠕ࡮M࡮ࡌ࡜ࠬࠤࠬ਄㒮⼏ຬߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻‫̌ޔ‬Biography̍
277࠺࠾ࠬ࡮ࡓ࡯ࠕਅ㒮⼏ຬߩ⚫੺㧦http://moore.house.gov/index.cfm?sectionid=3&sectiontree=3278࠺࠾ࠬ࡮ࡓ࡯ࠕਅ㒮⼏ຬߩ⚻ᷣ໧㗴߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺ㧦
http://moore.house.gov/index.cfm?sectionid=30&sectiontree=6,3060⼏ຬࡅ࡯ࠬ࡮ࠪࡘ࡯࡜࡯(Heath
Shuler‫ࠬ࡯ࡁޔ‬ࠞࡠ࡜ࠗ࠽Ꮊㆬ
಴)ࠠࡖࠪ࡯࡮࠳࡞
ࠤࡦࡄ࡯(Kathy
Dahlkemper‫ࡍޔ‬ࡦࠪ࡞ࡃ࠾ࠕᎺ
ㆬ಴)ࠞ࡯࠻࡮ࠪࡘ࡟࡯࠳࡯(Kurt
Schrader‫࡟ࠝޔ‬ࠧࡦᎺㆬ಴)⇛ᱧx ਇേ↥㑐ㅪߩડᬺࠍ┙ߜ਄ߍᚑഞߐߖߚ⚻㛎ࠍᜬߟ‫ޕ‬x ㄘ᧛ㇱ㐿⊒࡮⿠ᬺ࡮⾏ᤃዊᆔຬળ㧔House Subcommittee on Rural
Development, Entrepreneurship and Trade㧕ߢߪᆔຬ㐳ࠍോ߼ࠆ279‫ޕ‬x 110 ⼏ળߢߪ‫ޟ‬ਛዊડᬺ⋭ࠛࡀൻᴺ᩺㧔Small Energy Efficient
Business Act : SEEBA㧕‫⼏ࠍޠ‬ળߦឭ಴x ਛዊડᬺᐡࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ⿠ᬺኅ㐿⊒㧔entrepreneurial development㧕ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓᒝൻࠍ⋡ᜰߔ‫ޟ‬2009 ᐕ⿠ᬺࠍㅢߓߚ㓹↪ഃ಴ᴺ᩺㧔Job
Creation Through Entrepreneurship Act of 2009㧕‫ࠍޠ‬ឭ಴ߒߚ߶߆‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ਛዊડᬺ࠴࡚ࠗࠬᴺ᩺㧔Small Business CHOICE Act of 2009㧕‫ߪߦޠ‬౒หឭ಴⠪ߣߒߡ㑐ਈ280‫ޕ‬x ㅧ࿦੐ോᚲࠍ⚻༡ߒߚ⚻㛎ࠍᜬߟ‫ޕ‬x 2008 ᐕ 11 ᦬ㆬ಴‫⃻ޕ‬࿷╙৻ᦼ⋡‫ޕ‬x ㄘᬺᆔຬળ㧔Committee on Agriculture㧕‫⑼ޔ‬ቇᛛⴚᆔຬળ㧔Committee
on Science and Technology㧕ߦ߽ᓥ੐ߔࠆ৻ᣇ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળߩዊᆔ
ຬળߢ޽ࠆⷙ೙࡮ࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕዊᆔຬળ㧔Chairwoman on the
Subcommittee on Regulations and Health Care㧕ߩᆔຬ㐳߽ോ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬281‫ޕ‬x 2009 ᐕ 6 ᦬ 24 ᣣ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߦක≮㑐ଥ⠪ߦࠃࠆ IT ᛛⴚዉ౉ᡰេࠍⴕ
߁Ⲣ⾗଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍᣂߚߦ⸳ߌࠆ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ਛዊડᬺක≮ IT Ⲣ⾗ᴺ㧔Small
Business Health Information Technology Financing Act㧕‫ࠍޠ‬ឭ಴ߒߚ282‫ޕ‬x ₞කࠍോ߼ߚ⚻㛎߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺߩ⍮⼂ࠍᜬߟ‫ޕ‬x ࠝ࡟ࠧࡦᎺ⼏ળ⼏ຬߥߤ౏౒᡽╷ߦ 30 ᐕએ਄៤ࠊߞߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬x 2008 ᐕㆬ಴‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺ㊄Ⲣ࡮⒢ዊᆔຬળᆔຬ㐳㧔Chairman of the House
Small Business Subcommittee on Finance and Tax㧕ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺᆔຬળ㧔House Committee on Agriculture㧕ߦ߽ᚲዻ283‫ޕ‬

279ࡅ࡯ࠬ࡮ࠪࡘ࡯࡜࡯ਅ㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦http://shuler.house.gov/about/bio.shtml
ࡅ࡯ࠬ࡮ࠪࡘ࡯࡜࡯ਅ㒮⼏ຬߩਛዊડᬺ໧㗴߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺ㧦http://shuler.house.gov/legis/smallbusinesses.shtml
281
ࠠࡖࠪ࡯࡮࠳࡞ࠤࡦࡄ࡯ਅ㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦
http://www.dahlkemper.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=71&Itemid=21282ࠠࡖࠪ࡯࡮࠳࡞ࠤࡦࡄ࡯ਅ㒮⼏ຬߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻㧔2009 ᐕ 8 ᦬ 21 ᣣ㧕 ̌5OCNNBusiness Health+PHQTOCVKQP6GEJPQNQI[(KPCPEKPI#EV̍:
http://www.dahlkemper.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=110&Itemid=48283
ࠞ࡯࠻࡮ࠪࡘ࡟࡯࠳࡯ਅ㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦
http://schrader.house.gov/index.cfm?sectionid=3&sectiontree=3
280

61

⼏ຬ
ࠕࡦ࡮ࠞ࡯ࠢࡄ
࠻࡝࠶ࠢ(Ann
Kirkpatrick‫ࠕޔ‬࡝࠱࠽Ꮊㆬ಴)ࠣ࡟ࡦ࡮࠽ࠗ
(Glenn Nye‫ࡃޔ‬࡯ࠫ࠾ࠕᎺㆬ಴)ࡑࠗࠢ࡮ࡒ࡚ࠪ
࡯(Mike Michaud‫ޔ‬ࡔࠗࡦᎺㆬ಴)⇛ᱧx ਛዊડᬺࠍ⚻༡ߒߚ⚻㛎ࠍᜬߟߛߌߢߥߊ‫ޔ‬ᬌኤቭ߿ᢎᏧ‫࠹࠾ࡘࡒࠦޔ‬ࠖ࡝࡯࠳࡯ߥߤᄙᓀߥታ❣ࠍᜬߟ‫ޕ‬x 2004 ᐕࠕ࡝࠱࠽Ꮊ⼏ຬㆬ಴‫ޕ‬x 2008 ᐕ 11 ᦬☨࿖⼏ળਅ㒮⼏ຬᒰㆬ‫ޕ‬x ࿖࿯቟ో଻㓚ᆔຬળ㧔Committee on Homeland Security㧕‫ޔ‬ㅌᓎァੱᆔຬળ㧔%QOOKVVGGQP8GVGTCPỦ#HHCKTU㧕ߩᆔຬ߽ോ߼ࠆ284‫ޕ‬x ࿾రࠕ࡝࠱࠽Ꮊߦ߽ᄢ߈ߊ㑐ଥߔࠆࠗࡦࡈ࡜੐ᬺߦ߅ߌࠆ㓹↪ഃ಴ᯏળߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍࠕࡇ࡯࡞285‫ޕ‬x ᣂⷙਛዊડᬺߩᷫ⒢ᒝൻ286ࠍឭ᩺ߔࠆ‫ޟ‬ਛዊડᬺᒻᚑ෸߮㓹↪ഃ಴ᴺ᩺㧔Small Business Formation and Job Creation Act㧕‫౒ߩޠ‬หឭ಴⠪‫ޕ‬x ᄖ੤ቭߣߒߡ‫ߩߣ࡞࡯ࡐࠟࡦࠪޔ‬⍮⊛⽷↥ᮭදቯ✦⚿੤ᷤࠍᜂᒰߒߚ
ઁ‫ޔࡦ࠲ࠬ࠾ࠟࡈࠕޔ‬ਛ᧲‫ࡦ࠳࡞࡛ޔ‬Ꮉ⷏ጯ࿾඙‫ࠩࠟޔ‬࿾඙‫ߥࠢ࡜ࠗޔ‬ߤߢߩ࿖㓙⚻㛎߇⼾߆ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬x ਛዊડᬺߩㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ⺞㆐ࠍขࠅᛒ߁ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળߩ⺞㆐෸߮ᛛⴚዊᆔ
ຬળ㧔Small Business Subcommittee on Contracting and Technology㧕ߩᆔຬ㐳ߢ޽ࠅ‫ઁߩߘޔ‬ァ੐ᆔຬળ㧔House Armed Services
Committee㧕‫ޔ‬ㅌᓎァੱᆔຬળ㧔House Veterans Affairs Committee㧕ߦ߽ᚲዻ287‫ޕ‬x రࡔࠗࡦᎺ⼏ળ⼏ຬ‫ޕ‬
x 2003 ᐕ 1 ᦬ࠃࠅਅ㒮⼏ຬߣߒߡᵴേ‫ޕ‬x ㆇャࠗࡦࡈ࡜ᆔຬળ㧔Committee on Transportation andInfrastructure㧕‫ޔ‬ㅌᓎァੱᆔຬળ㧔House Veterans Affairs
Committee㧕ߦ߽ᚲዻ288‫ޕ‬x ࡔࠗࡦᎺߩ 97%ߩࡆࠫࡀࠬ߇ਛዊડᬺߢ޽ࠅ‫⥄ߚ߹ޔ‬り߽ߘߩ⚻༡⠪ߛߞߚ⚻㛎߆ࠄ‫⺞ᧄ⾗ޔ‬㆐‫ߩࠕࠤࠬ࡞ࡋޔ‬ㆬᛯ⢇ߩ᜛ᄢ‫ޔ‬੐ᬺ෸߮㓹↪᜛ᄢߦ߅ߌࠆ㓚ოࠍขࠅ㒰ߊߚ߼ߩ᡽╷૞ࠅࠍ⋡ᜰߔ289‫ޕ‬284ࠕࡦ࡮ࠞ࡯ࠢࡄ࠻࡝࠶ࠢਅ㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦
http://kirkpatrick.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2&Itemid=37285ࠕࡦ࡮ࠞ࡯ࠢࡄ࠻࡝࠶ࠢਅ㒮⼏ຬߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻̌,WORUVCTVKPI1WT'EQPQO[CPF%TGCVKPI0GY,QDU̍:
http://kirkpatrick.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=134&Itemid=6286ࡈ࡜ࡦࠢ࡮ࠢ࡜࠻ࡆ࡞ਅ㒮⼏ຬ㧔Frank Kratovil‫࠼ࡦ࡜࡯࡝ࡔޔ‬Ꮊㆬ಴㧕ߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻㧔2009 ᐕ 3 ᦬ 17
ᣣ㧕̌%QPITGUUOGP-TCVQXKNCPF.GG+PVTQFWEG$K-Partisan Legislation Aimed at Helping Small$WUKPGUUGUCPF,WOR5VCTVKPIVJG'EQPQO[̍:
http://kratovil.house.gov/index.cfm?sectionid=22&parentid=21&sectiontree=21,22&itemid=83287ࠣ࡟ࡦ࡮࠽ࠗਅ㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦
http://nye.house.gov/index.cfm?sectionid=3&sectiontree=3288ࡑࠗࠢ࡮ࡒ࡚ࠪ࡯ਅ㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦
http://www.michaud.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=18&Itemid=26289
ࡑࠗࠢ࡮ࡒ࡚ࠪ࡯ਅ㒮⼏ຬߩਛዊડᬺ໧㗴߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺ㧦
http://www.michaud.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=42&Itemid=6162⼏ຬࡔ࡝࠶ࠨ࡮ࡆ࡯
ࡦ(Melissa
Bean‫ࠗࡁ࡝ࠗޔ‬Ꮊ)࠳࠾ࠛ࡞࡮࡝ࡇ
ࡦࠬࠠ࡯(Daniel
Lipinski‫࡝ࠗޔ‬ࡁࠗᎺ)ࠫࠚࠗ࠰ࡦ࡮ࠕ
࡞࠻ࡑࠗࠕ࡯
(JasonAltmire‫ࠪࡦࡍޔ‬࡞ࡃ࠾ࠕᎺㆬ಴)ࠗࡌ࠶࠻࡮ࠢ࡜
࡯ࠢ㧔Yvette
Clarke‫࡯ࡘ࠾ޔ‬࡛࡯ࠢᎺㆬ಴㧕⇛ᱧ
x 2005 ᐕㆬ಴એ᧪ 3 ᦼ⋡‫ޕ‬x ㊄Ⲣࠨ࡯ࡆࠬᆔຬળ㧔House Financial Services Committee㧕‫ޔ‬⒢࡮⽷ോ࡮⒢ዊᆔຬળ㧔Subcommittee on Tax, Finance and Tax㧕‫ⷙޔ‬೙࡮ࡋ࡞
ࠬࠤࠕዊᆔຬળ㧔Subcommittee on Regulations and Healthcare㧕╬ߦᚲዻ‫ޕ‬x ⿠ᬺኅߣߒߡߩ 20 ᐕߩ⚻㛎ࠍ᦭ߒ‫ޔ‬ஜᐽ଻㒾ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬჇᄢ‫ޔ‬ᗧ⟵ߩ޽ࠆᷫ⒢᡽╷ࠍឝߍߡ޿ࠆ290‫ޕ‬x ㆇャࠗࡦࡈ࡜ᆔຬળ㧔Committee on Transportation andInfrastructure㧕‫⑼ޔ‬ቇᛛⴚᆔຬળ㧔Committee on Science andTechnology㧕ߦ߽ᚲዻ‫ޕ‬x ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળߢߪⷙ೙ࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕዊຬળ㧔Subcommittee on
Regulations and Healthcare㧕ߦᚲዻ‫ߩࠕࠤࠬ࡞ࡋޕ‬ᡷ㕟‫␠ޔ‬ળ଻㓚߿ࡔ࠺ࠖࠤࠕߩᒝൻ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪଻⼔‫ޔ‬ャㅍㇱ㐷߿ࠗࡦࡈ࡜ㇱ㐷ߩᒝൻࠍ⋡ᜰ
ߔ291‫ޕ‬x ࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ‫ޔ‬ㅌᓎァੱ໧㗴ߩផㅴ⠪292‫ޕ‬
x ਛዊડᬺ⺞ᩏ࡮⋙ⷞዊᆔຬળᆔຬ㐳㧔Chairman of the Small BusinessSubcommittee on Investigations and Oversight㧕ࠍോ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬x ਛዊડᬺ໧㗴ߢߪᷫ⒢‫ޔ‬ㅌᓎァੱะߌߩ⿠ᬺᡰេ᜛ᄢ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺኻ⽎ߩή೑ᕷⲢ⾗ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓᣂ⸳ߦ⽸₂293‫ޕ‬x ర࠾ࡘ࡯࡛࡯ࠢᏒ⼏ળ㧔New York City Council㧕⼏ຬ‫ޕ‬
x 2006 ᐕ 11 ᦬ਅ㒮ᒰㆬ‫ޕ‬x ᢎ⢒ഭ௛ᆔຬળ㧔House Education and Labor Committee㧕‫ޔ‬࿖࿯቟ో଻
㓚ᆔຬળ㧔House Homeland Security Committee㧕ߦ߽ᚲዻ‫ޕ‬x ࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖࠝ࡯ࠟ࠽ࠗࠩ࡯ߥߤߩ⨲ߩᩮᵴേߩ⚻㛎ࠍ↢߆ߒ‫ੱޔ‬ᖱ๧ḷࠇࠆ᡽╷ࠍ⥄⽶294‫ޕ‬x ਛዊડᬺᴺࠍᡷᱜߒ‫ޔࠖ࠹࡝ࡁࠗࡑޔ‬ㅌᓎァੱ‫ޔ‬ᅚᕈ߇੐ᬺਥߢ޽ࠆਛ
ዊડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚࡔࡦ࠲࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ෸߮ᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ⸳┙ࠍ⋡ᜰߔ
ᴺ᩺㧔H.R.3771㧕ߩឭ಴⠪295‫ޕ‬290ࡔ࡝࠶ࠨ࡮ࡆ࡯ࡦਅ㒮⼏ຬߩ⚫੺㧦http://www.house.gov/bean/bean_about.shtml
࠳࠾ࠛ࡞࡮࡝ࡇࡦࠬࠠ࡯ਅ㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦
http://www.lipinski.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=3292
ࠫࠚࠗ࠰ࡦ࡮ࠕ࡞࠻ࡑࠗࠕ࡯ਅ㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦
http://www.altmire.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=57
293ࠫࠚࠗ࠰ࡦ࡮ࠕ࡞࠻ࡑࠗࠕ࡯ਅ㒮⼏ຬߩਛዊડᬺ໧㗴߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺ㧦
http://www.altmire.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=247&Itemid=41294ࠗࡌ࠶࠻࡮ࠢ࡜࡯ࠢਅ㒮⼏ຬߩ⚫੺㧦http://clarke.house.gov/about/
295ࠗࡌ࠶࠻࡮ࠢ࡜࡯ࠢਅ㒮⼏ຬߦࠃࠆᴺ᩺㧦http://clarke.house.gov/legis/my-legislation.shtml
291

63

⼏ຬ
ࡉ࡜࠶࠼࡮ࠛ࡞
࠭ࡢ࡯ࠬ㧔Brad
Ellsworth‫ࡦࠗޔ‬࠺ࠖࠕ࠽Ꮊㆬ
಴㧕࡚ࠫ࡯࡮࠮ࠬ࠲
࠶ࠢ
㧔Joe Sestak‫ޔ‬ࡍࡦࠪ࡞ߴ࠾ࠕᎺㆬ಴㧕⇛ᱧx ㅪ㇌ᝡᩏዪ࿖┙⼊ኤቇᩞ㧔FBI National Academy㧕තᬺᓟ‫ޔ‬1984 ᐕࡃࡦ࠳࡯ࡃ࡯ࠣ㇭มᴺቭߦㆬ಴ߐࠇੑᦼࠍോ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬x ァ੐ᆔຬળ㧔Committee on Armed Services㧕‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺᆔຬળ㧔Committee
on Agriculture㧕ߦ߽ᚲዻ‫ޕ‬x ᳃ਥౄ⽷᡽ⷙᓞᵷ⼏ຬㅪ⋖㧔Blue Dog Coalition㧕ࡔࡦࡃ࡯296‫ޕ‬x ਛዊડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚฦ⒳ⷙ೙ߩ✭๺‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᬺ⇇࿅૕଻㒾㧔Small
Business Health Plan㧕ߦࠃࠆஜᐽ଻㒾⽶ᜂ㗵ߩ೥ᷫ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߩᯏ
⢻ᒝൻࠍផㅴ297‫ ╙ޕ‬111 ⼏ળߢߪ‫ࠍࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊ࡮ࡦ࡯ࡠࡠࠢࠗࡑޔ‬ખ੺ߔࠆ᳃㑆㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬୫ࠅᚻߢ޽ࠆਛዊડᬺߩᖱႎࠍା↪⺞ᩏᚲߦឭଏߔࠆߎߣࠍቯ߼ߚ‫ޟ‬ਛዊડᬺࡑࠗࠢࡠࡠ࡯ࡦ᜛ᄢᴺ㧔Small
Business Microlending Expansion Act of 2009‫ޔ‬H.R.3737‫ޔ‬2009 ᐕ 11
᦬ 7 ᣣߦਅ㒮ㅢㆊ㧕298෸߮‫ߩౕ⃉ޔ‬ਛฎຠ⽼ᄁ⠪ߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬㋦฽᦭㊂߿⴫
␜ᣇᴺߦ߅޿ߡᶖ⾌⠪⵾ຠ቟ోᴺ㧔Consumer Product Safety Act㧕ࠍㆩ቞ߒߡ޿ߥ޿⃉ౕߩ⽼ᄁࠍ⹺߼ࠆ‫ޟ‬ਛዊડᬺߩߚ߼ߦᶖ⾌⠪⵾ຠᴺࠍୃ
ᱜߔࠆᴺ᩺㧔To amend the Consumer Product Safety Act to provide
regulatory relief to small and family-owned businesses‫ޔ‬H.R.
1465‫ޔ‬ឭ಴ᓟਅ㒮ߢߩክ⼏ᓙߜ㧕‫ޠ‬299ࠍឭ಴ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬x 31 ᐕ㑆ᶏァߦᚲዻߒ‫ߩߢࡦ࠲ࠬ࠾ࠟࡈࠕޔ‬ᚢ㑵૞ᚢ߿ࠗ࡜ࠢᚢ੎ߦะߌ
ߚ೨㚟૞ᚢ㧔precursor operations㧕ࠍᜰើ‫ޕ‬x ࠢ࡝ࡦ࠻ࡦ᡽ᮭߢߪ࿖ኅ቟ో଻㓚ᆔຬળߩ࿖㒐᡽╷ᜂᒰ࠺ࠖ࡟ࠢ࠲࡯
㧔Director for Defense Policy on the National Security Council㧕
ࠍോ߼ߚ300‫ޕ‬x ਛዊડᬺ߽฽߼ߚ᥊᳇࿁ᓳߦะߌ‫ޔ‬ᄬᬺኻ╷ߣା↪࿁ᓳߦะߌߚⓍᭂ⊛ߥ⚻ᷣೝỗ╷ࠍ㊀ⷞ‫ޕ‬૑ቛᏒ႐቟ቯൻߩߚ߼ߩ൮᜝⊛ኻ╷ࠍⴕ޿‫ޔ‬TARP
෸߮㊄Ⲣ቟ቯൻ⸘↹㧔Financial Stability Plan㧕ߩലᨐ⊛ߥታᣉߦࠃ
ࠆ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߩ቟ቯൻࠍ࿑ࠅ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㌁ਥዉߩᏒ႐ᵹേᕈଏ⛎ࠍታ⃻ߔࠆ੐ࠍ
ᡰᜬ301‫ޕ‬

296
ࡉ࡜࠶࠼࡮ࠛ࡞࠭ࡢ࡯ࠬਅ㒮⼏ຬߩ⚫੺㧦
http://www.ellsworth.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73&Itemid=58297ࡉ࡜࠶࠼࡮ࠛ࡞࠭ࡢ࡯ࠬਅ㒮⼏ຬߩਛዊડᬺ໧㗴߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺ㧦
http://www.ellsworth.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=33&Itemid=57
298
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ Small Business Microlending Expansion Act of 2009‫ޔ‬H.R.3737 ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ‫ޕ‬
299
Library of Congress Thomas ߦࠃࠆ To amend the Consumer Product Safety Act to provide regulatory
relief to small and family-owned businesses‫ޔ‬H.R. 1465 ߩᴺ᩺ᖱႎࠃࠅ‫ޕ‬300࡚ࠫ࡯࡮࠮ࠬ࠲࠶ࠢਅ㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦
http://sestak.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=2
301
࡚ࠫ࡯࡮࠮ࠬ࠲࠶ࠢਅ㒮⼏ຬߩ⚻ᷣ໧㗴߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺ㧦
http://sestak.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5&Itemid=3164⼏ຬࡏࡆ࡯࡮ࡉ࡜ࠗ
࠻㧔Bobby
Bright‫ࡃ࡜ࠕޔ‬ࡑᎺㆬ಴㧕ࡄ࡯ࠞ࡯࡮ࠣ࡝
ࡈࠖࠬ㧔Parker
Griffith‫࡜ࠕޔ‬ࡃࡑᎺㆬ಴㧕

࠺ࡏ࡜࡮ࡂ࡞ࡏ
࡯࠰ࡦ㧔Deborah
Halvorson‫࡝ࠗޔ‬ࡁࠗᎺㆬ಴㧕

⇛ᱧx 16 ᐕ㑆ࠕ࡜ࡃࡑᎺࡕࡦࠧࡔ࡝࡯ᏒߩᏒ㐳ࠍോ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬x ァ੐ᆔຬળ㧔Armed Services Committee㧕ߦ߽ᚲዻ‫ޕ‬x ᳃ਥౄ⽷᡽ⷙᓞᵷ⼏ຬㅪ⋖㧔Blue Dog Coalition㧕ࡔࡦࡃ࡯302‫ޕ‬
x ਛዊડᬺ໧㗴ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᷫଔఘළ⾌ߩ៊㊄▚౉㒢ᐲ㗵㧔expensing limits㧕ࠍᒁ߈਄ߍ‫ޔ‬ᄢⷙᮨߥ⾼౉ߦኻߔࠆ․೎ᷫଔఘළ㧔bonus depreciation
for large purchases㧕ࠍ⹺߼ࠆᴺ᩺ࠍឭ᩺ߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬ౝኈߪ᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߦ
෻ᤋߐࠇߚ303‫ޕ‬
x రකᏧߢ޽ࠅరਛዊડᬺ੐ᬺਥ‫ޕ‬x ࠕ࡜ࡃࡑᎺ⼏ળ⼏ຬࠍോ߼ߚ⚻㛎ࠍᜬߟ‫ޕ‬x ࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕ‫ޔ‬ᷫ⒢‫ޔ‬ሶଏߩᣧᦼᢎ⢒ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ᜛ᄢߦᵈജ‫ߩ≸ޕ‬ᣧᦼ⊒⷗࡮ᴦ≮ߩࡄࠗࠝ࠾ࠕߣߒߡࠕ࡜ࡃࡑᎺೋߩ✚ว≸࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ࠍ⸳┙‫ޕ‬ක≮଻㒾ࠍᜬߚߥ޿ᖚ⠪ࠍήᢱ෶ߪ⾌↪ࠍᷫ㗵ߒߡᴦ≮ߔࠆᵴേ߽ⴕߞ
ߚ‫ޕ‬
x 2008 ᐕਅ㒮ೋᒰㆬ‫ޕ‬એ᧪ㆇャ࡮ࠗࡦࡈ࡜ᆔຬળ㧔Committee on
Transportation & Infrastructure㧕‫⑼ޔ‬ቇᛛⴚᆔຬળ㧔Committee on
Science & Technology㧕╬ 3 ߟߩᆔຬળߦᚲዻ304‫ޕ‬
x ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળߢߪ⺞㆐࡮ᛛⴚዊᆔຬળ㧔Subcommittee on Contracting
and Technology 㧕‫ⷙޔ‬೙࡮ࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕ࡮⾏ᤃዊᆔຬળ㧔Subcommittee on
Regulations, Healthcare and Trade 㧕‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏ࡮⋙ⷞዊᆔຬળ
㧔Subcommittee on Investigations & Oversight㧕ߦᚲዻ305‫ޕ‬
x ਛዊડᬺߩ⚻༡ߦ 14 ᐕ㑆ᓥ੐‫ޕ‬x 1996 ᐕએ᧪ࠗ࡝ࡁࠗᎺ⼏ળ⼏ຬߣߒߡᵴべߒ‫ࠗࡁ࡝ࠗޔ‬Ꮊผ਄ೋߩᅚᕈ
Ꮊ⼏ળᄙᢙᵷ࡝࡯࠳࡯㧔State Senate Majority Leader㧕ࠍോ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ꮊ⼏ળ⼏ຬᤨઍߪਛ࿖߿᧲᰷ࠍ฽߻਎⇇ฦ࿖ࠍ⾏ᤃ࿅ߩ࿅ຬ߹ߚߪ࿅㐳ߣߒߡ૗ᐲ߽⸰໧ߒ‫ࠗࡁ࡝ࠗޔ‬Ꮊߩਛዊડᬺߩផㅴߦᵈജߒߚ‫ޕ‬x 2008 ᐕ 11 ᦬ਅ㒮ೋᒰㆬ‫ޕ‬ਅ㒮ߢߪઁߦㄘᬺᆔຬળ㧔Committee on
Agriculture㧕‫ޔ‬ㅌᓎァੱᆔຬળ㧔Committee on Veterans' Affairs㧕ߦᚲዻ306‫ޕ‬x ਛዊડᬺ໧㗴ߢߪ‫ޔ‬㧔ౝ࿖ᱦ౉ᴺ‫ޔ‬IRC㧕179 ᧦៊㊄▚౉㒢ᐲ㗵㧔Section
179 expensing limits㧕ߩᒁ߈਄ߍ‫៊⚐ ޔ‬ᄬ㧔Net Operating Loss㧕ߩ➅ᚯᦼ㑆㧔carry back period㧕ߩ 2 ᐕ߆ࠄ 5 ᐕ߳ߩᑧ㐳‫ᦨޔ‬ૐઍᦧ⒢㧔Alternative Minimum Tax: AMT㧕ߩ✭๺‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆⲢ⾗ᚻᢙᢱߩᷫ㗵߿଻⸽㗵ߩᒁ߈਄ߍ╬ਛዊડᬺᐡⲢ⾗ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᒝൻ╬ࠍᡰ
ᜬ307‫ޕ‬302

ࡏࡆ࡯࡮ࡉ࡜ࠗ࠻ਅ㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦
http://www.bright.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=16&Itemid=58
303ࡏࡆ࡯࡮ࡉ࡜ࠗ࠻ਅ㒮⼏ຬߩਛዊડᬺ໧㗴߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺ㧦
http://www.bright.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=165&Itemid=84304ࡄ࡯ࠞ࡯࡮ࠣ࡝ࡈࠖࠬਅ㒮⼏ຬ ߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦
http://griffith.house.gov/index.cfm?sectionid=132&sectiontree=66,132
305
ࡄ࡯ࠞ࡯࡮ࠣ࡝ࡈࠖࠬਅ㒮⼏ຬ ߩᚲዻᆔຬળ㧦
http://griffith.house.gov/index.cfm?sectionid=129&sectiontree=66,129306
࠺ࡏ࡜࡮ࡂ࡞ࡏ࡯࠰ࡦਅ㒮⼏ຬߩ⚫੺㧦

65

⼏ຬ
౒๺ౄ
ࠨࡓ࡮ࠣ࡟࡯ࡉ㧔Sam Graves‫ޔ‬ࡒ࠭࡯࡝Ꮊㆬ
಴㧕ࡠࠬࠦ࡯࡮ࡃ࡯
࠻࡟࠶࠻
㧔Roscoe
Bartlett‫࡝ࡔޔ‬࡯࡜ࡦ࠼Ꮊㆬ಴㧕⇛ᱧx ਅ㒮ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળߩ╩㗡ᆔຬ‫ޕ‬x ㄘᬺᆔຬળ㧔Committee on Agriculture㧕‫ޔ‬ㆇャ࡮ࠗࡦࡈ࡜ᆔຬળ
㧔Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure㧕ߦ߽ᚲዻ308‫ޕ‬
x ࠝࡃࡑ᡽ᮭߦࠃࠆක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟᩺ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ੐ᬺਥߩ⽶ᜂࠍჇᄢߐ
ߖࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡ෻ኻᆫ൓ࠍ⷗ߖࠆ309‫ޕ‬
x ਛዊડᬺ⾏ᤃߦ㑐ߒߡߪ⥄↱⾏ᤃ᡽╷ࠍᡰᜬߒߡ߅ࠅ310‫ޔ‬⒢໧㗴ߦ㑐ߒߡߪၮᧄ⊛ߦࡉ࠶ࠪࡘ᡽ᮭᤨઍߩ 2001 ᐕ‫ޔ‬2003 ᐕߩᷫ⒢᡽╷ߩᑧ㐳ࠍᡰᜬ
ߔࠆ߶߆311‫⛯⋧ޔ‬⒢㧔death tax㧕ߩᑄᱛ312ࠍ⸷߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬x ⑼ቇ⠪ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬NASA ߿ァ㓌ߩ R&D ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߢ 20 ᐕ㑆એ਄௛޿ߚ⚻㛎ࠍᜬߟ‫ޕ‬x 10 ᐕ㑆ਛዊડᬺࠍ⚻༡ߒߚ⚻㛎ࠍᜬߟ‫ޕ‬x 1992 ᐕߦਅ㒮ೋᒰㆬ‫ޕ‬x ァ੐ᆔຬળ㧔Armed Services Committee㧕ߢߪァ੐ᆔຬળዊᆔຬળߩ╩㗡ᆔຬ㧔Ranking Member of the House Armed Services Subcommittee㧕ߣߒߡᵴべߒ‫⑼ޔ‬ቇᛛⴚᆔຬળ㧔Science and Technology Committee㧕ߦ߽ᚲዻ‫ޕ‬x ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળߢߪ⺞㆐࡮ᛛⴚዊᆔຬળ㧔 Subcommittee onContracting and Technology㧕ߦᚲዻ313‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߩ HUB ࠱࡯ࡦࡊࡠࠣ
࡜ࡓᒝൻߩߚ߼ߦ HUB ࠱࡯ࡦ⼏ຬㅪ⋖㧔HUBZone Caucus㧕ࠍ⚿ᚑ314ߔࠆ╬‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ⺞㆐ᯏળߩ᜛ᄢߦᵈജ‫ޕ‬

http://halvorson.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=48&Itemid=97307࠺ࡏ࡜࡮ࡂ࡞ࡏ࡯࠰ࡦਅ㒮⼏ຬߩਛዊડᬺ໧㗴߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺ㧦
http://halvorson.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=127&Itemid=71308ࠨࡓ࡮ࠣ࡟࡯ࡉਅ㒮⼏ຬߩ⚫੺㧦http://www.house.gov/graves/biography.shtml
309
ਅ㒮౒๺ౄߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺ໧㗴ߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻ߩࡊ࡟ࠬ࡝࡝࡯ࠬ㧔2009 ᐕ 11 ᦬ 6 ᣣ㧕̌*4(CKNU
5OCNN$WUKPGUUGU̍
http://republicans.smbiz.house.gov/News/DocumentSingle.aspx?DocumentID=153506
310ਅ㒮౒๺ౄߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺߩ⾏ᤃ໧㗴߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺ㧦
http://republicans.smbiz.house.gov/Issues/Issue/?IssueID=8234
311
ਅ㒮౒๺ౄߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺߩ⒢໧㗴߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺ㧦
http://republicans.smbiz.house.gov/Issues/Issue/?IssueID=5407
312ਅ㒮౒๺ౄߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺ໧㗴ߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻ߩࡊ࡟ࠬ࡝࡝࡯ࠬ㧔2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 3 ᣣ㧕̌*ouse-Passed
Estate Tax Bill would Harm Small Business̍:
http://republicans.smbiz.house.gov/News/DocumentSingle.aspx?DocumentID=158209
313
ࡠࠬࠦ࡯࡮ࡃ࡯࠻࡟࠶࠻ਅ㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦http://bartlett.house.gov/Biography/
314ࡠࠬࠦ࡯࡮ࡃ࡯࠻࡟࠶࠻ਅ㒮⼏ຬߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺ໧㗴߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺ㧦
http://bartlett.house.gov/Issues/Issue/?IssueID=2059

66

⼏ຬ࠻࠶࠼࡮ࠛ࡯ࠠ
ࡦ㧔Todd Akin‫ޔ‬ࡒ࠭࡯࡝Ꮊㆬ
಴㧕ࠬ࠹ࠖ࡯ࡉ࡮ࠠ
ࡦࠣ㧔SteveKing‫ࡢࠝࠗࠕޔ‬Ꮊㆬ಴㧕࡝ࡦ࡮࠙ࠚࠬ࠻
ࡕ࡯࡜ࡦ࠼㧔Lynn
Westmoreland‫ޔ‬࡚ࠫ࡯ࠫࠕᎺㆬ
಴㧕࡞࡯ࠗ࡮ࠧࡑ࡯
࠻㧔Louie
Gohmert‫ࠨࠠ࠹ޔ‬
ࠬᎺㆬ಴㧕

⇛ᱧ
x 109 ⼏ળߦ߅޿ߡਛዊડᬺᆔຬળߩⷙ೙ᡷ㕟ߣ⋙ⷞዊᆔຬળ㧔Small
Business Subcommittee on Regulatory Reform and Oversight㧕ߩᆔຬ㐳ࠍോ߼‫ⷙޔ‬೙✭๺ߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߛታ❣ࠍᜬߟ‫ޕ‬x 110 ⼏ળߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળߩ⺞ᩏ࡮⋙ⷞዊᆔຬળ㧔Oversightand Investigations subcommittee㧕ߩ╩㗡ᆔຬࠍോ߼ߚ315‫ޕ‬x ⃻࿷ߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળߩ⺞㆐࡮ᛛⴚዊᆔຬળ㧔Subcommittees onContracting and Technology㧕ߦᚲዻ316‫ޔઁߩߘޕ‬ァ੐ᆔຬળ
㧔Committee on Armed Services㧕‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ࡮ᛛⴚᆔຬળ㧔Committee on
Science and Technology㧕ߦ߽ᚲዻ317‫ޕ‬
x 1975 ᐕߦ┙ߜ਄ߍߚᑪ⸳㑐ଥߩਛዊડᬺࠍ 28 ᐕ⚻༡‫ޕ‬x రࠕࠗࠝࡢᎺ⼏ળ⼏ຬ‫ޕ‬
x 2002 ᐕਅ㒮⼏ຬߦㆬ಴318‫ޕ‬x ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળߢߪ‫⽷ޔ‬ോ࡮⒢ዊᆔຬળ㧔Subcommittee on Finance andTax㧕‫ⷙޔ‬೙࡮ࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕዊᆔຬળ㧔Subcommittee on Regulations and
Healthcare㧕‫ޔ‬ㄘ᧛ㇱ㐿⊒࡮⿠ᬺ࡮⾏ᤃዊᆔຬળ㧔Subcommittee on
Rural Development, Entrepreneurship, and Trade㧕ߦᚲዻ‫ޕ‬x ઁ‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺᆔຬળ㧔Committee on Agriculture㧕‫ޔ‬มᴺᆔຬળ㧔House
Judiciary Committee㧕ߦᚲዻ319‫ޕ‬x ࡚ࠫ࡯ࠫࠕᎺߩᎺ⼏ળ⼏ຬࠍ 12 ᐕ㑆ൕ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬x ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળߢߪⷙ೙࡮ࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕ࡮⾏ᤃዊᆔຬળߩ╩㗡ᆔຬ
㧔Ranking Member of the Subcommittee on Regulations, Health Care,and Trade㧕ࠍോ߼‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ໧㗴ࠍᜂᒰߔࠆ⺞ᩏ࡮⋙ⷞዊᆔຬળ
㧔Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight㧕ߦ߽ᚲዻ‫ޕ‬x ઁߦ‫ޔ‬ㆇャ࡮ࠗࡦࡈ࡜ᆔຬળ㧔Transportation and Infrastructure
Committee㧕‫ޔ‬᡽ᐭᡷ㕟ᆔຬળ㧔Committee on Government Oversight andReform㧕ߦᚲዻ320‫ޕ‬
x ࠹ࠠࠨࠬᎺࠬࡒࠬ㇭ߢ࿾ᣇⵙ್ᚲ್੐㧔District Judge㧕ߦਃᐲㆬ಴ߐ
ࠇߚઁ‫ ╙ޔ‬12 ඙ប⸷ⵙ್ᚲⵙ್㐳㧔Chief Justice of the 12th Courtof Appeals㧕ࠍ৻ᦼോ߼ߚ⚻ᱧࠍᜬߟ‫ޕ‬x มᴺᆔຬળ㧔Judiciary Committee㧕‫ޔ‬ᄤὼ⾗Ḯᆔຬળ㧔Natural
Resources Committee㧕ߦ߽ᚲዻ‫ޕ‬x ⃻᡽ᮭߩ᡽╷ࠍ⚻ᷣߩ␠ળਥ⟵ൻߣᛕ್321‫ޕ‬

315࠻࠶࠼࡮ࠛ࡯ࠠࡦਅ㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦http://akin.house.gov/bio.shtml
࠻࠶࠼࡮ࠛ࡯ࠠࡦਅ㒮⼏ຬߩᚲዻᆔຬળ㧦http://akin.house.gov/committees.shtml
317
ห਄‫ޕ‬
318
ࠬ࠹ࠖ࡯ࡉ࡮ࠠࡦࠣਅ㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦
http://steveking.house.gov/index.cfm?FuseAction=AboutSteve.Biography319ࠬ࠹ࠖ࡯ࡉ࡮ࠠࡦࠣਅ㒮⼏ຬߩᚲዻᆔຬળ㧦
http://steveking.house.gov/index.cfm?FuseAction=AboutSteve.CommitteeAssignments
320࡝ࡦ࡮࠙ࠚࠬ࠻ࡕ࡯࡜ࡦ࠼ਅ㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦http://westmoreland.house.gov/Biography/
321࡞࡯ࠗ࡮ࠧࡑ࡯࠻ਅ㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦
http://gohmert.house.gov/index.cfm?sectionid=2&sectiontree=2
316

67

⼏ຬ
ࡔࠕ࡝࡯࡮ࡈࠔ
࡝ࡦ㧔Mary
Fallin‫࡜ࠢࠝޔ‬ࡎࡑᎺㆬ಴㧕

ࡃ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡉࠠࡖ
࠽ࡦ㧔Vern
Buchanan‫ࡠࡈޔ‬࡝࠳Ꮊㆬ಴㧕

ࡉ࡟ࠗࡦ࡮࡞࠻
ࠤࡔࠗࡗ࡯
㧔BlaineLuetkemeyer‫ࡒޔ‬࠭࡯࡝Ꮊㆬ಴㧕⇛ᱧx ࠝࠢ࡜ࡎࡑᎺᎺ⼏ળ⼏ຬࠍੑᦼോ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬x 1995 ᐕߦࠝࠢ࡜ࡎࡑᎺೋߩ౒๺ౄ೽Ꮊ⍮੐ߦዞછߒ‫ޔ‬એ᧪ 12 ᐕ㑆ߦࠊߚߞߡ⚻ᷣ㐿⊒‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒‫ޔࠕࠤࠬ࡞ࡋޔ‬᡽ᐭᡷ㕟ߦⓍᭂ⊛ߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߛ੐ߢ⍮ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬x 2006 ᐕ 11 ᦬ਅ㒮ᒰㆬ‫ޕ‬x ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળએᄖߦ‫ޔ‬ㆇャ࡮ࠗࡦࡈ࡜ᆔຬળ㧔Committee on
Transportation and Infrastructure㧕‫ޔ‬ァ੐ᆔຬળ㧔Committee on
Armed Services㧕ߦ߽ᚲዻ‫ޕ‬x 2009 ᐕ߆ࠄߪᅚᕈ໧㗴⼏ຬㅪ⋖ߩ౒ห⼏㐳㧔Co-Chairwoman of theCongressional %CWEWUQP9QOGP̉U+UUWGU㧕ࠍോ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬x ౒๺ౄ᡽╷ᆔຬળ㧔Republican Policy Committee㧕ߢߪਛዊડᬺ໧㗴ᆔ
ຬ㐳㧔Small Business Chairman㧕ࠍോ߼ࠆ322‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺߦ․ൻߔࠆ੐ߥ
ߊᐢߊࡆࠫࡀࠬࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚᷫ⒢╷ߩዉ౉ߦࠃࠆ⚻ᷣೝỗ᡽╷ࠍᡰᜬ323‫ޕ‬
x ࡈࡠ࡝࠳໡Ꮏળ㧔Florida Chamber of Commerce㧕෸߮ࠨ࡜࠰࠲໡Ꮏળ
㧔Sarasota Chamber of Commerce㧕ߩળ㐳ࠍോ߼ߚ⚻ᱧ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬x ਅ㒮⼏ຬߣߒߡߪੑᦼ⋡‫ޕ‬x ㆇャ࡮ࠗࡦࡈ࡜ᆔຬળ㧔Committee on Transportation andInfrastructure㧕‫ޔ‬ㅌᓎァੱᆔຬળ㧔Veterans' Affairs Committee㧕ߦ߽ᚲዻ‫ޕ‬x ਛዊડᬺຬળߢߪ㊄Ⲣ࡮⒢ዊᆔຬળ㧔Subcommittee on Finance andTax㧕ߩ╩㗡ᆔຬࠍോ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬324‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺ໧㗴ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ࿅૕଻㒾
㧔SBHPs㧕 ෶ߪᬺ⇇࿅૕ஜᐽ଻㒾㧔AHPs㧕‫ޔ‬ᷫ⒢ࠍផㅴ325‫ޕ‬x ㌁ⴕ‫଻ޔ‬㒾㑐ଥߩਛዊડᬺࠍ⚻༡ߒ‫ޔ‬160 ࠛ࡯ࠞ࡯ߩㄘ႐߽⚻༡ߒߚ⚻㛎߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬x 1999 ᐕ߆ࠄ 2005 ᐕ߹ߢࡒ࠭࡯࡝Ꮊ⼏ળ⼏ຬࠍോ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬x 2008 ᐕ 11 ᦬ࠃࠅਅ㒮⼏ຬࠍോ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬x ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળߢߪㄘ᧛㐿⊒࡮⿠ᬺ࡮⾏ᤃዊᆔຬળ㧔Subcommittee on
Rural Development, Entrepreneurship and Trade㧕ߩ╩㗡ᆔຬߩઁ‫⽷ޔ‬
ോ࡮⒢ዊᆔຬળ㧔Subcommittee on Finance and Tax㧕ߩᆔຬࠍോ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬x ㄘᬺᆔຬળ㧔Agriculture Committee㧕‫ޔ‬᡽ᐭᡷ㕟ᆔຬળ(Oversight andGovernment Reform Committee)ߦ߽ᚲዻ326‫ޕ‬

322

ࡔࠕ࡝࡯࡮ࡈࠔ࡝ࡦਅ㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦
http://fallin.house.gov/index.cfm?sectionid=2&sectiontree=2323ࡔࠕ࡝࡯࡮ࡈࠔ࡝ࡦਅ㒮⼏ຬߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻ ̌4GXKXKPIQWT'EQPQO[̍:
http://fallin.house.gov/index.cfm?sectionid=61&sectiontree=5,61324ࡃ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡉࠠࡖ࠽ࡦਅ㒮⼏ຬߩ⚫੺㧦
http://buchanan.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3960&Itemid=141325ࡃ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡉࠠࡖ࠽ࡦਅ㒮⼏ຬߩਛዊડᬺ໧㗴߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺ㧦
http://buchanan.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3965&Itemid=155326ࡉ࡟ࠗࡦ࡮࡞࠻ࠤࡔࠗࡗ࡯ਅ㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦
http://luetkemeyer.house.gov/index.cfm?sectionid=2&sectiontree=268⼏ຬࠕ࡯ࡠࡦ࡮࡚ࠪ
࠶ࠢ㧔Aaron
Schock‫ࡁ࡝ࠗޔ‬ࠗᎺㆬ಴㧕ࠣ࡟ࡦ࡮࠻ࡦࡊ
࠰ࡦ㧔GlennThompson‫ࡦࡍޔ‬ࠪ࡞ࡃ࠾ࠕᎺㆬ
಴㧕ࡑࠗࠢ࡮ࠦࡈࡑ
ࡦ㧔MikeCoffman‫࡜ࡠࠦޔ‬
࠼Ꮊㆬ಴㧕

⇛ᱧ
x ೨ࠗ࡝ࡁࠗᎺ⼏ળ⼏ຬ‫ޕ‬x ਅ㒮⼏ຬߣߒߡߪᦨᐕዋ㧔28 ᱦ㧕‫ޕ‬x ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળߢߪ⺞㆐࡮ᛛⴚዊᆔຬળߩ╩㗡ᆔຬ㧔Ranking Member of
the Contracting and Technology Subcommittee㧕ࠍോ߼ࠆ327‫ޕ‬x 50 ฬએਅߩᓥᬺຬࠍᛴ߃ࠆਛዊડᬺߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬6 ࡩ᦬㑆ߩ⛎ਈ⒢఺㒰ᦼ㑆ࠍઃਈߔࠆߎߣࠍቯ߼ߚ‫ޟ‬ᢇᷣᴺ᩺㧔RELIEF Act㧕‫౒ߩޠ‬หឭ᩺⠪‫߹ޕ‬ߚ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ਛዊડᬺ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ㄭઍൻᴺ᩺㧔Small Business Centers
Modernization Act㧕‫߽ޠ‬ឭ಴328‫ޕ‬x ㆇャ࡮ࠗࡦࡈ࡜ᆔຬળ㧔Committee on Transportation andInfrastructure㧕‫ޔ‬᡽ᐭᡷ㕟ᆔຬળ(Oversight and Government Reform
Committee)ߦ߽ᚲዻ329‫ޕ‬x 28 ᐕ㑆ක≮㑐ଥߩ઀੐ߦᓥ੐ߒߚ⚻㛎ࠍᜬߟ‫ޕ‬x 2008 ᐕ 11 ᦬ਅ㒮ᒰㆬ‫ޕ‬x ⃻࿷‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળߩઁߦ‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺᆔຬળ㧔Agriculture Committee㧕‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒࡮ഭ௛ᆔຬળ㧔Committee on Education and Labor㧕ߦᚲዻ330‫ޕ‬

x ਛዊⷙᮨߩ⾗↥▤ℂડᬺࠍ⿠ᬺ࡮⚻༡ߒߚ⚻ᱧࠍᜬߟ‫ޕ‬x రᶏァ౓‫ޕ‬x 1988 ᐕࠃࠅࠦࡠ࡜࠼Ꮊ⼏ળ⼏ຬߣߒߡോ߼ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬1990 ᐕߩᎺ⼏ળ⼏ຬౣㆬ⋥ᓟߦḧጯᚢ੎ߦᓥァߒ‫ޔ‬1994 ᐕߦห⼏ળߦᓳᏫ‫࠼࡜ࡠࠦޕ‬Ꮊ⽷ോ㐳ቭ(Treasury Secretary)ࠍോ߼ߚ߇ 2005 ᐕߦߪౣᐲࠗ࡜ࠢߦᓥァߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬2006 ᐕߦᏫㆶᓟߦߪ‫ޔ‬Ꮊോ㐳ቭ㧔Secretary of State㧕ߦછ๮ߐࠇ
2008 ᐕ߹ߢോ߼ߚ‫ޕ‬x ⃻࿷ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળߩઁ‫ޔ‬ァ੐ᆔຬળ(Armed Services Committee)‫ ޔ‬ᄤὼ⾗Ḯᆔຬળ㧔Natural Resources Committee㧕ߦᚲዻ331‫ޕ‬಴ᚲ㧦ฦ⒳⾗ᢱࠍ߽ߣߦ૞ᚑ

5.3. ਛዊડᬺ࡮ᬺ⇇㑐ㅪ࿅૕ߦࠃࠆࡠࡆ࡯ᵴേߩേะ
5.3.1.

ో☨ਛዊડᬺදળ㧔NSBA㧕ో☨ਛዊડᬺදળ㧔NSBA: National Small Business Association㧕332ߪ‫ޔ‬1937 ᐕߦ⸳┙ߐࠇߚో☨ߢᦨ߽ᱧผߩ޽ࠆਛዊડᬺ࿅૕ߢ‫ޔ‬ળຬડᬺߪ 15 ਁ␠ࠍᢙ߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᑯ⼔჻ߢࠝࡂࠗࠝ

327

ࠕ࡯ࡠࡦ࡮࡚ࠪ࠶ࠢਅ㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦http://schock.house.gov/Biography/ࠕ࡯ࡠࡦ࡮࡚ࠪ࠶ࠢਅ㒮⼏ຬߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻̌,QDUCPFVJG'EQPQO[̍:
http://schock.house.gov/Issues/Issue/?IssueID=4726
329
ࠕ࡯ࡠࡦ࡮࡚ࠪ࠶ࠢਅ㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦http://schock.house.gov/Biography/
330ࠣ࡟ࡦ࡮࠻ࡦࡊ࠰ࡦਅ㒮⼏ຬߩࡃࠗࠝࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯㧦http://thompson.house.gov/about/index.shtml
331ࡑࠗࠢ࡮ࠦࡈࡑࡦਅ㒮⼏ຬߩ⚫੺㧦
http://coffman.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=52&Itemid=2332
ో☨ਛዊડᬺදળ(NSBA: National Small Business Association)‫̌ޔ‬History̍:
http://www.nsba.biz/history.html
32869

Ꮊᑯ⼔჻දળળ㐳㧔President of the Ohio State Bar Association㧕ࠍോ߼ߚ 333 ⚻㛎ߩ޽ࠆ‫߿ࠬࡀࠫࡆޔ‬ഭ૶໧㗴ࠍኾ㐷ߣߔࠆࠠ࡯ࠬ࡮ࠕࠪࡘࡓࠬ᳁㧔Keith Ashmus㧕߇ળ㐳⡯㧔Chairman㧕ߦዞછߒߚ‫ޔ߅ߥޕ‬ઍ⴫⡯㧔President㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬1997 ᐕએ㒠࠻࠶࠼࡮ࡑࠢ࡜࠶ࠤࡦ
᳁㧔Todd McCracken㧕߇ോ߼ߡ޿ࠆ334‫ޕ‬ળຬߦኻߒߡߪ‫ࠍ╬࡯࠲࡟ࠬ࡯ࡘ࠾߿࠻ࡦࡌࠗޔ‬ㅢߓߡᦨᣂᖱႎࠍឭଏ335ߒ‫ࡖࠠࠆࠁࠄ޽ޔ‬࡝ࠕ࡟ࡌ࡞ะߌߩ⎇ୃᢎ᧚ࠍ⽼ᄁ336ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ ઁߩߘޕ‬3 ᐕ㑆଻㒾ᢱᝪ߃⟎߈ߩ NSBA ஜᐽ଻㒾‫ޔ‬ࠝࡑࡂ⋧੕↢๮଻㒾 (Mutual of Omaha Insurance Co.)߇ㆇ༡ߔࠆ⏕ቯ᜚಴ᐕ㊄ߩ 401(k)ࡊ
࡜ࡦߩળຬഀᒁ‫ޔ‬MagnetMail㧔E-mail ߿ࡈࠔ࠶ࠢࠬߩᄢ㊂ㅍାࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ㧕ߩ೑↪ഀᒁ‫ࡈࠝޔ‬ࠖࠬ஻ຠߩ⾼౉ഀᒁ╬ߩࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍឭଏߒߡ޿ࠆ337‫ޕ‬ో☨ਛዊડᬺදળߢߪ 2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ߦ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⼏ળߩ╙ 111 ⼏ળ㧔2009 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 3 ᣣ㨪2011 ᐕ
1 ᦬ 3 ᣣ㧕ߦะߌߡหදળ߇㊀ⷞߔࠆ᡽╷ឭ⸒ࠍ⊒⴫ߒߚ‫ޕ‬᡽╷ឭ⸒ߩౝኈߪએਅߩㅢࠅ‫ޕ‬⴫ 16ో☨ਛዊડᬺදળ 111 ⼏ળ᡽╷ឭ⸒

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338

ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ⅣႺ339

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ਛዊડᬺߩௌᮭ໧㗴߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺታᣉࠢ࡟ࠫ࠶࠻ࠞ࡯࠼ળ␠ߦࠃࠆਇᒰߥ໡ᘠⴕߩⷙ೙ᒝൻ
ਛዊડᬺᐡߩᓎഀ࡮੍▚ߩ᜛ᄢ
SBIR ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᩮ᜚ᴺᡷቯߦࠃࠆࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㐳ᦼᑧ㐳ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߩ⺞㆐ߦߟ޿ߡ‫౏ࠅࠃޔ‬ᐔߢ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍਛዊડᬺ
ߦਈ߃ࠆᄢ⛔㗔઎㧔executive order㧕ࠍ⊒ⴕߒ‫⺞ޔ‬㆐⋡ᮡ
୯ 23%ࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆ
⋭ᐡߩⷙ೙ߦࠃࠅਛዊડᬺ߇ฃߌࠆ⽶ᜂࠍ․ቯߔࠆࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ
ࠍ⏕┙ਛዊડᬺߩ⽶ᜂシᷫߩߚ߼‫ⷙޔ‬೙໧㗴ߦ㑐ߒߡߪਛዊડᬺᐡ
ᐢႎዪߩ⁛┙ߒߚᓎഀࠍᒝൻ
ࠛ࠽ࠫ࡯ࠬ࠲࡯ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ੍▚ߩ߁ߜਛዊડᬺ߳ߩࠕ࠙࠻࡝
࡯࠴ᨒࠍჇᄢ
ࠣ࡝࡯ࡦ࡮࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆਛዊડᬺ߳ߩᡰេ߿‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩ⋭ࠛࡀൻ‫ޔߚ߹ޔ‬ౣ↢น⢻ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߦࠃࠆࠛࡀ࡞
ࠡ࡯଻㓚ߩേ߈ࠍᡰេߔࠆᵴേࠍᒝൻ

333

Frantz Ward LLP‫ޔ‬Keith A. Ashmus ࡊࡠࡈࠖ࡯࡞㧦http://www.frantzward.com/Attorneys/AttorneyDetails.aspx?id=3334
ో☨ਛዊડᬺදળ㧔2006 ᐕ 7 ᦬ 23 ᣣ㧕̌Biography of NSBA President Todd McCracken̍:
http://www.nsba.biz/content/printer.100.shtml
335
ో☨ਛዊડᬺදળ‫̌ ޔ‬Member Benefits̍: http://www.nsba.biz/benefits.html
336
ో☨ਛዊડᬺදળ‫̌ޔ‬Welcomd to the NSBA Online Book Store!̍: http://www.axzopress.com/Stores/337ో☨ਛዊડᬺදળ‫̌ ޔ‬Member Only Programs̍: http://www.nsba.biz/benefits.html
338
ో☨ਛዊડᬺදળ‫̌ޔ‬The First 100 Days - Economic &GXGNQROGPV̍:
http://www.nsba.biz/startsmall/ed.html
339
ో☨ਛዊડᬺදળ‫̌ޔ‬The First 100 Days - 'PGTI['PXKTQPOGPVCNCPF4GIWNCVQT[+UUWGU̍:
http://www.nsba.biz/startsmall/eeri.html

70

⒢೙340࡮࡮࡮࡮ࡋ ࡞ࠬࠤࠕߣഭ௛ജ

࡮

343

࡮

࡮
࡮

ࡉ࠶ࠪࡘ᡽ᮭ߇ឭ᩺ߒߚ⚊⒢ᚻ⛯߈ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߩലᨐࠍᬌ⸽ߩ਄‫ޔ‬ౣᬌ⸛ߔࠆߣ౒ߦ‫ᦨޔ‬ㄭណ↪ߐࠇߚࠢ࡟ࠫ࠶࠻ࠞ
࡯࠼㗔෼ᦠߩႎ๔⟵ോࠍᑄᱛක≮଻㒾߳ߩ ᡰ಴ߦኻߔ ࠆ⥄༡ᬺ ⠪⒢㧔 Self-Employment
tax on health insurance㧕ࠍᑄᱛࠗࡦࡈ࡟⺞ᢛᷣߺ⒢ប㒰ࠍᕡਭൻߔࠆㆮ↥⒢ᡷ㕟ࠍታᣉ
ᴺੱ෸߮ࡄࠬࠬ࡞࡯੐ᬺ૕㧔pass-through entities㧕341 ߩᦨ㜞㒢⇇⒢₸㧔top marginal tax rates㧕342ࠍᐔ╬ൻ੍▚ᖱ൓߇⸵ߔ㒢ࠅㄦㅦߦක≮ࠦࠬ࠻ߩૐᷫ‫ޔ‬ක≮଻㒾ߩ⾰ߩᡷༀ‫ޔ‬࿖᳃⊝଻㒾ࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕ೙ᐲߩ⏕┙ߦะߌߡขࠅ⚵߻ᒝ೙ભᥜ㧔mandatory leave㧕⟵ോ߿ࡍࠗ࡮ࠛࠢࠗ࠹ࠖ㧔payequity ‫ ޔ‬ห ৻ ଔ ୯ ഭ ௛ ห ৻ ⾓ ㊄ 㧕 ⷙ ೙ ╬ ‫ ޔ‬㓹 ↪ ⷙ ೙㧔workforce regulations㧕ߩዉ౉೨ߦ‫߇ࠄࠇߘޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߦᣂߚߦ⺖ߔ⾌↪⽶ᜂࠍਛዊડᬺ․᦭ߩ࠾࡯࠭ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡౣᬌ⸽ߔࠆ
⒖᳃ᴺㆩ቞ߦࠃߞߡਛዊડᬺ߇ⵍࠆ⽶ᜂࠍシᷫⵍ㓹↪⠪߇⥄ಽߩᗧᕁߢ⥄↱ߦഭ௛⚵วߦട⋖࡮㔌⣕ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⹺߼ࠆ⥄↱ㆬᛯᴺ᩺㧔Employee Free Choice Act㧕ߦ෻ኻ಴ᚲ㧦ో☨ਛዊડᬺදળ
ߥ߅‫ޔ‬111 ⼏ળߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺ㑐ㅪߩ㊀ⷐᴺ᩺ߦኻߔࠆో☨ਛዊડᬺදળߩᆫ൓ߪਅ⸥ߩ
ㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ㧦⴫ 17ో☨ਛዊડᬺදળߩ 111 ⼏ળߦ߅ߌࠆ㊀ⷐᴺ᩺߳ߩᆫ൓

ක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟ᴺ᩺㧔A
Affordable Health Care for America Act‫ޔ‬H
H.R. 3962)㧔ਅ㒮ㅢㆊᴺ᩺㧕㧔P
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ‫ޔ‬H.R. 3590)㧔
㧔਄㒮ㅢㆊᴺ᩺㧕ో☨ਛዊડᬺදળߪਔ㒮ߦኻߒᴺ᩺⛔ว૞ᬺߦะߌߚࠦࡔࡦ࠻ࠍឭ಴ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬ਛߢ
ਔᴺ᩺ߦ౒ㅢߔࠆ໧㗴ߣߒߡක≮⾌ᛥ೙ኻ╷߇ਇචಽߛߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬ᣢᓔ∝ߦၮߠߊᩏቯߩᑄᱛࠍਔ㒮ᴺ᩺౒⋓ࠅㄟࠎߢ޿ࠆὐࠍᡰᜬߒߡ޿ࠆ‫৻ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ቯ࡟ࡌ࡞એ਄ߩ
340

ో☨ਛዊડᬺදળ‫̌ޔ‬The First 100 Days ̄ Tax Policy̍:http://www.nsba.biz/startsmall/tp.html
ࡄࠬࠬ࡞࡯੐ᬺ૕ߣߪ‫ޔ‬୘ੱ੐ᬺਥ㧔Sole proprietorships㧕
‫ࡊ࠶ࠪ࡯࠽࠻࡯ࡄޔ‬㧔partnership㧕‫᦭ޔ‬㒢ળ␠㧔LLC: Limited Liability Company㧕‫ޔ‬S ᴺੱ㧔S Corporation㧕ߩ੐ࠍᜰߒ‫ࠄࠇߎޔ‬੐ᬺ૕ߪᚲᓧ⒢⺖⒢ኻ
⽎ߣߥࠄߕ‫ޔ‬੐ᬺਥ߇୘ੱᚲᓧ⒢ߦ෼⋉ࠍ▚౉ߔࠆᒻߣߥࠆ(ੑ㊀⺖⒢ߩ࿁ㆱ)‫ޕ‬಴ᚲ㧦࡮LLCs Education Center‫̌ ޔ‬LLC Glossary/Pass-Through (LLC)̍: http://www.legalzoom.com/llcglossary/llc-pass-through-entity.html
࡮About.com‫̌ޔ‬Pass-through Taxes̍; http://biztaxlaw.about.com/od/glossaryp/a/passthroughtax.htm
342ᦨ㜞㒢⇇⒢₸ߣߪ‫ޔ‬ᮡḰ⺖⒢ᚲᓧ᳓Ḱࠍ⿥߃ࠆ෼౉ߦኻߔࠆᦨ㜞⺖⒢₸ࠍᜰߔ‫ޕ‬಴ᚲ㧦OECD‫̌ ޔ‬6JGKPEQOGVCZGURGQRNGTGCNN[RC[̍:http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/fullstory.php/aid/77/The_income_taxes_people_really_pay.html
343
ో☨ਛዊડᬺදળ‫̌ޔ‬The First 100 Days ̄ *GCNVJ%CTGCPF9QTMHQTEG+UUWGU̍:
http://www.nsba.biz/startsmall/hcwi.html
341

71ౝኈߩක≮଻㒾ࠍᚻ㗃ߥଔᩰߢ⾼౉ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ☨࿖ක≮଻㒾ࠛࠢࠬ࠴ࠚࡦࠫ
㧔National Health Insurance Exchange㧕೙ᐲߦ㑐ߒߡߪഃ⸳ࠍᡰᜬߔࠆ߽ߩߩ‫ޔ‬ㆇ༡ࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߦ㑐ߒߡ⺖㗴߇ᱷࠆߣߒߚ‫⊛౏ޔઁߩߘޕ‬ක≮଻㒾೙ᐲ㧔public option㧕ߦ㑐ߒߡߪᘕ㊀ߥᆫ൓ࠍ␜ߒ‫ޔ‬ක≮ᯏེ߿଻㒾ળ␠ߦኻߔࠆ⺖⒢ߦߪ෻ኻࠍ⴫᣿ߒߚ344‫ޕ‬ᓥᬺຬ⥄↱ㆬᛯᴺ᩺㧔ㅢ⒓ࠞ࡯࠼࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢᴺ᩺㧕㧔E
EFCA: Employee Free Choice Act‫ޔ‬‫ޔ‬H.R.1409‫ޔ‬‫ޔ‬S.560㧕
㧕ᧄᴺ᩺ߦ߅޿ߡឭ᩺ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࠞ࡯࠼࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢᣇᑼߢߪ‫⚵ޔ‬ว⚿ᚑࠍᗧ࿑ߔࠆ஥ߦߣߞߡ
ߪല₸⦟ߊหᗧ␿ࠍ㓸߼ࠆ੐߇಴᧪ࠆ੐߆ࠄഭ௛⚵ว⚿ᚑࠍ⍴ᤨ㑆ߢኈᤃߦታ⃻ߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬หදળߪਛዊડᬺ੐ᬺਥߦߣߞߡߪ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⚵วߣߩ੤ᷤߥߤᄾ⚂㕙╬ߢᄢ߈ߥ࡝ࠬࠢߦ⋥㕙ߔࠆน⢻ᕈ߇಴ߡߊࠆߣߒߡ෻ኻ345ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ో࿖ഭ௛㑐ଥᴺᡷᱜᴺ᩺(RESPECT Act: Re-EEmpowerment of Skilled and Professional Employees andConstruction Tradeworkers ‫ޔ‬H.R. 1644‫ޔ‬‫ ޔ‬S. 969)
ᧄᴺ᩺ߢߪో࿖ഭ௛㑐ଥᴺ㧔NLRA: National Labor Relations Act㧕ߩਅߢߪ⚵วຬߩኻ⽎߆ࠄ㒰ᄖߐࠇߡ޿ߚࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࡃࠗࠩ࡯㧔supervisors㧕ߩ⡯⽿߆ࠄ‫ߩઁޟ‬ᓥᬺຬߩᜰើ
⋙〈⟵ോ‫ࠍޠ‬ᄬߊߒߡ‫ޟޔ‬㓹↪‫ޔ‬㈩⟎឵߃‫ޔ‬஗⡯‫⸃ޔ‬㓹‫ޔ࡞࡯ࠦ࡝ޔ‬᣹ㅴ╬ߦഭ௛ᤨ㑆ߩᄢㇱಽࠍ⾌߿ߔഭ௛⠪‫ߣࠆ޽ߢޠ‬ౣቯ⟵ߒߡ⚵วᵴേ߳ߩෳടࠍ⹺߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬หදળߪ‫ޟ‬ਛዊડᬺߩࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࡃࠗࠩ࡯ߪᢙᄙߊߩ⡯ോࠍᛴ߃ߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛ᤨ㑆ߩᄢㇱಽࠍ․ቯ⡯ോߦ⾌߿ߔߎߣߪ⒘ߢ޽ࠆߚ߼‫ⷙߡߒߣ࡯ࠩࠗࡃ࡯ࡄ࡯ࠬޔ‬ቯߐࠇࠆഭ௛⠪߇޿ߥߊߥߞ
ߡߒ߹߁‫ߡߒߣޠ‬෻ኻ346‫ޕ‬2009 ᐕ SBIR/STTR ౣ᝼᝼ᮭᴺ᩺(S
SBIR/STTR Reauthorization Act of 2009‫ޔ‬‫ޔ‬H.R.2965)
ਛዊડᬺߩᛛⴚ㕟ᣂᵴേߩଦㅴߩߚ߼ߦⶄᢙ⋭ᐡ߇ታᣉߒߡ޿ࠆ SBIR ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᑧ㐳ߣᒝൻࠍⷙቯߒߚᴺ᩺ࠍᡰᜬ‫ޔ߅ߥޕ‬NSBA ߪ‫ޔ‬SBIR ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦ㑐ߒߡࡈࠚ࡯࠭ 3㧔໡ᬺൻᲑ㓏㧕߳ߩᡰេᒝൻࠍᡰᜬߔࠆ৻ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬ᒰ⹥ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆડᬺⷙᮨߩ᜛ᄢ߿
㕖༡೑࿅૕߳ߩㆡ↪ߦߟ޿ߡߪ෻ኻߒߡ޿ࠆ347‫ޕ‬2009 ᐕਛዊડᬺ㓹↪ഃ಴෸߮⾗ᧄ⺞㆐ᴺ᩺㧔S
Small Business Job Creation and Access to Capital Act of 2009‫ޔ‬S
S. 2869㧕หᴺ᩺ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆⲢ⾗଻⸽㗵ࠍᦨᄢ 550 ਁ࠼࡞ߦ߹ߢჇ㗵ߒ‫ޔ‬᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߩ
ਅߢ߽߁ߔߋᦼ㒢ಾࠇߣߥࠆᚻᢙᢱߩᷫ఺ߣ଻⸽₸ߩᒁ߈਄ߍ㧔increased guarantee㧕ߩᦼ㑆ࠍ 1 ᐕᑧ㐳ߔࠆߎߣ߇⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬หᴺ᩺ߩ⿠⨲⠪ߢ޽ࠆ࡜ࡦ࠼࡝ࡘ࡯਄㒮⼏ຬߣࠬࡁ࠙਄㒮⼏ຬߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᴺ᩺߇ᚑ┙ߒߚ႐ว‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߪ✚㗵 185 ం࠼࡞ߩⲢ⾗ᯏળࠍᣂߚߦ₪ᓧ಴᧪ࠆߣ⷗Ⓧ߽ߞߡ߅ࠅ348㧔5.1.3 ෳᾖ㧕‫ޔ‬NSBA ߪ‫ޔ‬ᒰ⹥ᴺ᩺ࠍᡰᜬߒߡ޿
344
ో☨ਛዊડᬺදળ߆ࠄਅ㒮⼏㐳෸߮਄㒮㒮ౝ✚ോ߳ተߡߚᦠ◲㧔2009 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 7 ᣣ㧕㧦
http://www.nsba.biz/docs/nsba_comments_on_house_senate_merger_final.pdf
345ో☨ਛዊડᬺදળ‫̌ޔ‬Employee Free Choice Act or ̈Card check̉̍:
http://www.nsba.biz/flpw.shtml
ో☨ਛዊડᬺදળ߆ࠄ଻㒾࡮ᢎ⢒࡮ഭ௛࡮ᐕ㊄ᆔຬળᆔຬ㐳߳ተߡߚᦠ◲㧔2009 ᐕ 3 ᦬ 10 ᣣ㧕㧦
http://www.nsba.biz/docs/09Comments_EFCAIntroduction.pdf
346ో☨ਛዊડᬺදળ‫̌ޔ‬RESPECT Act̍: http://www.nsba.biz/flpw.shtml
347
ో☨ਛዊડᬺදળ‫̌ޔ‬5$+44GCWVJQTK\CVKQP'ZRCPUKQPCPF5VTGPIVJGPKPI̍:
http://www.nsba.biz/sbir.shtml
348
਄㒮ਛዊડᬺ࡮⿠ᬺኅᆔຬળߦࠃࠆࡊ࡟ࠬ࡝࡝࡯ࠬ㧔2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 10 ᣣ㧕̌Landrieu, Snowe IntroduceBill
toCreateJobs
andIncrease
Small
Business
Lending̍:
http://sbc.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?p=PressReleases&ContentRecord_id=0886c24b-85f4-4fae-861e-72ࠆ349‫ޕ‬ࠢ࡟ࠫ࠶࠻ࠞ࡯࠼࡮ࠕࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࡆ࡝࠹ࠖ෸߮⽿છ࠺ࠖࠬࠢࡠ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯ᴺ
㧔 Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act of 2009 ෶ ߪCredit CARD Act of 2009‫ޔ‬‫ޔ‬Public Law No: 111-24‫ޔ‬‫ޔ‬H.R. 627㧕㧕ࠢ࡟ࠫ࠶࠻ࠞ࡯࠼ળ␠ߩ໡ᘠⴕߦ㑐ߔࠆⷙ೙ߩ෩ᩰൻࠍ࿑ࠆᴺᓞ㧔5.1.3 ෳᾖ㧕ߢ‫ޔ‬NSBA
ߪᴺ᩺ᡰᜬࠍ⴫᣿350‫ޕ‬
5.3.2.

ో☨⁛┙ડᬺㅪ⋖㧔NFIB㧕

1943 ᐕ ߦ ⸳ ┙ ߐ ࠇ ߚ ో ☨⁛ ┙ ડ ᬺ ㅪ ⋖ 㧔 NFIB: National Federation of Independent
Business㧕351ߪ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌࡮Ꮊ⼏ળߦኻߒߡᒝ޿ᓇ㗀ജࠍᜬߟో☨ᦨᄢߩਛዊડᬺᡰេ࿅૕ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ࡈࠜ࡯࠴ࡘࡦ⹹ߦ߽ో☨࠻࠶ࡊࠢ࡜ࠬߩᓇ㗀ജࠍᜬߟࡠࡆ࡯࿅૕ߣ⹏ଔߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ352‫ޕ‬หㅪ⋖ߪ⃻࿷‫ ☨ోޔ‬50 ᎺߩᎺㇺ෸߮ࡢࠪࡦ࠻ࡦ DC ߦ੐ോᚲࠍ᭴߃ߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ળຬᢙߪ 2006 ᐕߩ 60ਁฬࠍࡇ࡯ࠢߦ⃻࿷ߪߘߩඨᢙㄭߊߩ 35 ਁฬߦᷫዋߒߡ޿ࠆ353‫ޕ‬ળຬડᬺߩ↥ᬺ᭴ᚑߪ‫ޔ‬ᄙ޿㗅ߦࠨ࡯ࡆࠬᬺ‫ޔ‬ዊᄁᬺ‫ޔ‬ᑪ⸳ᬺ‫⵾ޔ‬ㅧᬺߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺ‫෈ޔ‬ᄁᬺߣ⛯ߊ‫ޕ‬ળຬડᬺߩ 50㧑
ᒝ߇ᓥᬺຬ 5 ੱએਅ‫ޔ‬65%⒟ᐲ߇ᓥᬺຬ 10 ੱએਅߩዊⷙᮨડᬺߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਅㇱ⚵❱ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬มᴺߩ႐ߢਛዊડᬺࠍᠩ⼔ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ NFIB ਛዊડᬺมᴺᡰេ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯
㧔NFIB Small Business Legal Center㧕354‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߦኻߒਛዊડᬺ߿⿠ᬺߦ㑐ߔࠆ໪⫥ᢎ⢒ᵴേ
ࠍⴕ߁ NFIB ⧯ᚻ⿠ᬺኅ⽷࿅(NFIB Young Entrepreneur Foundation)355‫ޔ‬᡽╷㑐ଥ⠪‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ੐ᬺਥ‫ޔ‬ቇ⠪߿৻⥸ะߌߦ⚻ᷣ⺞ᩏࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍឭଏߔࠆ NFIB ⺞ᩏ⽷࿅㧔NFIB Research
Foundation㧕356߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
3a4466bdfce4349
ో☨ਛዊડᬺදળ‫̌ޔ‬Access to Capital̍:
http://www.nsba.biz/accesstocapital.shtml
ో☨ਛዊડᬺදળ߆ࠄ਄㒮ਛዊડᬺ࡮⿠ᬺኅᆔຬળᆔຬ㐳߳ተߡߚᦠ◲㧔2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 16 ᣣ㧕㧦
http://www.nsba.biz/docs/nsba_support_s_2869_12_09.pdf
350ో☨ਛዊડᬺදળߦࠃࠆਅ㒮㊄Ⲣࠨ࡯ࡆࠬᆔຬળ㧔U.S. House Committee on Financial Services㧕ߢߩ⸽⸒㧔2009 ᐕ 3 ᦬ 19 ᣣ㧕㧦http://www.nsba.biz/docs/09HR627_McCrackenTestimony.pdf 㧔p.7㧕
351
ో☨⁛┙ડᬺㅪ⋖‫̌ޔ‬About NFIB̍㧦http://www.nfib.com/about-nfib/352ో☨⁛┙ડᬺㅪ⋖‫̌ޔ‬Overview̍:http://www.nfib.com/about-nfib/what-is-nfib-/overview/353
ߎߩὐߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫࡯ࡃࡦࡔޔ‬ᢙߩᢙ߃ᣇࠍࠃࠅ᣿⏕ߦߒ‫ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬ᄢ⋡ߦᢙ߃ߡ߈ߚ߿ࠅᣇࠍ߿߼ߚߎ
ߣߣ‫ߩࠬࡀࠫࡆ࠻࠶ࡀޔ‬᥉෸ߦࠃߞߡ⚻༡߇ᖡൻ߹ߚߪ⎕↥ߦㅊ޿ㄟ߹ࠇߚਛዊડᬺ߇Ⴧടߒߚߎߣࠍ‫ߩߘޔ‬
ੑᄢℂ↱ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
಴ᚲ㧦Institute for Local Self-Reliance 㧔2009 ᐕ 9 ᦬ 3 ᣣ㧕̌&QGUVJG0(+$4GCNN[4GRTGUGPVVJG
+PVGTGUVUQH+PFGRGPFGPV$WUKPGUUGU!̍:http://www.newrules.org/retail/news/does-nfib-really-represent-interests-independent-businesses354ో☨⁛┙ડᬺㅪ⋖มᴺᡰេ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧦http://www.nfib.com/small-business-legal-center/about-thelegal-center/355ో☨⁛┙ડᬺㅪ⋖⧯ᚻ⿠ᬺኅ⽷࿅㧦http://www.nfib.com/young-entrepreneur-foundation/aboutyef/goals/
356ో☨⁛┙ડᬺㅪ⋖⺞ᩏ⽷࿅㧦http://www.nfib.com/research-foundation/about-the-researchfoundation/ዏ‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏ⽷࿅ߢߪ଀߃߫ਛዊડᬺ⚻ᷣേะ⺞ᩏ㧔Small Business Economic Trends㧕ࠍ 1974 ᐕ߆ࠄ྾ඨᦼᲤ
ߦ‫ޔ‬1986 ᐕએ㒠ߪᲤ᦬ታᣉߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ႎ๔ᦠߪᲤ᦬╙ 2 Ἣᦐᣣߦ⊒⴫ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬಴ᚲ㧦ో☨⁛┙ડᬺㅪ⋖(2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬)ਛዊડᬺ⚻ᷣേะ⺞ᩏ:
http://www.nfib.com/research-foundation/small-business-economic-trends/

73ળຬߦߥࠆߣ‫ޔ‬㓹↪໧㗴ᴺᓞࡎ࠶࠻࡜ࠗࡦߦࠃࠆήᢱ⋧⺣߇ฃߌࠄࠇࠆ357ઁ‫ޔ‬ᄢᚻࠢ࡟ࠫ࠶
࠻ࠞ࡯࠼ᚻᢙᢱഀᒁ358‫⛎ޔ‬ਈᡰᛄᚻᢙᢱߩഀᒁ359 ‫ޔ‬ஜᐽ଻㒾360 ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ἴኂ⵬ఘ㊄361 ╬ߩฦ⒳ഀᒁࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩฃ⛎⾗ᩰࠍᓧࠆ‫ޕ‬111 ⼏ળߦ߅ߌࠆఝవ᡽╷ឭ⸒ߣߒߡએਅࠍ᜼ߍߡ޿ࠆ㧦⴫ 18 ో☨⁛┙ડᬺㅪ⋖ 111 ⼏ળఝవ᡽╷ឭ⸒࡮ ࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕࠍ೑↪ߒᤃ޿߽ߩߦߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ ౝ࿖ᱦ౉ᐡᴺࠍ◲⇛ൻߒ‫ޔ‬ᷫ⒢ࠍታ⃻ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ ή㚝ߥㅪ㇌ᱦ಴ࠍ೥ᷫߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ ᣂߚߥഭ௛⟵ോ㧔labor mandates㧕ࠍ㒖ᱛߔࠆ‫ޕ‬಴ᚲ㧦ో☨⁛┙ડᬺㅪ⋖362
ࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕߦ㑐ߒߡߪਛዊડᬺߩක≮଻㒾⽶ᜂ㗵ߩ㜞㛛ߦෂᯏᗧ⼂ࠍᜬߜ‫ޔ‬᳃㑆ߛߌߢߥߊ
᡽ᐭࡊ࡜ࡦߩዉ౉ߦ߽ℂ⸃ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ᦨޔ‬ㄭ⼏ળߢክ⼏ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ㑐ㅪᴺ᩺㧔 Patient
Protection and Affordable Care Act‫ޔ‬H.R.3590㧕ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺਥߩ⾌↪⽶ᜂ߇߻ߒࠈᖡൻ
ߔࠆߣߒߡ෻ኻߩ┙႐ࠍขࠅ⛯ߌߚ363‫ޕ‬㓹↪ഃ಴ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ߦឭ⸒ࠍ⊒⴫ߒ‫ޔ‬㓹↪ഃ಴ߦ㊀ⷐߥὐ߇ᶖ⾌⠪ߩ⾼⾈ଦㅴߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺߩᄁ਄Ⴧടߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ὐࠍ᡽ᐭ߇ౣ⹺⼂ߔࠆ੐‫ࠕࠤࠬ࡞ࡋޔ‬ᡷ㕟ߦ⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ᭽ߥਛዊડᬺߩࠦࠬ࠻⽶ᜂჇߦ❬߇ࠆ᡽╷ߩขࠅ߿߼‫⛎ޔ‬ਈ⒢㧔payroll tax㧕೥ᷫ߿ᣂⷙ┙ߜ਄ߍડᬺߩቢోߥ఺⒢╬ᷫ⒢ߦขࠅ⚵߻੐‫ߩ࠻࠶ࠤ࡯ࡑ࡮࡯࡝࠳ࡦࠞ࠮ޔ‬ᱜᏱൻദജߣௌോਇጁⴕ₸ 60%ߢ޽ࠆਛዊડᬺᐡⲢ⾗ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ⷗⋥ߒࠍ࿑ࠆ╬‫ޔ‬᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᬌ⸛੐㗄ࠍ᜼ߍߡ޿ࠆ364‫ޕ‬ߘߩઁ‫ޔ‬ഭ૶໧㗴ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬ⥄↱ㆬᛯᴺ᩺㧔EFCA‫ޔ‬ㅢ⒓ࠞ࡯࠼࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢᴺ᩺㧕߅ࠃ
365
߮ ‫ᦨޔ‬ૐ⾓㊄ߩᒁ߈਄ߍߦ෻ኻߔࠆ366ᣦࠍ⊒⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬357

ో☨⁛┙ડᬺㅪ⋖‫̌ޔ‬Call with Employment Questions̍: http://www.nfib.com/small-business-legalcenter/358ో☨⁛┙ડᬺㅪ⋖‫̌ޔ‬Solveras Payment Solutions̍: http://www.nfib.com/member-benefits/nfibbusiness-partners/business-products-and-services/solveras-payment-solutions/359ో☨⁛┙ડᬺㅪ⋖‫̌ޔ‬Payroll Processing̍: http://www.nfib.com/member-benefits/payrollprocessing/360ో☨⁛┙ડᬺㅪ⋖‫̌ޔ‬Health Benefits̍: http://www.nfib.com/member-benefits/health-benefits/361
ో☨⁛┙ડᬺㅪ⋖‫̌ ޔ‬Worker̉s compensation̍: http://www.nfib.com/memberbenefits/worker%E2%80%99s-compensation/362ో☨⁛┙ડᬺㅪ⋖‫̌ޔ‬Small Business Resource Guide 111th Congress̍:
http://www.nfib.com/Portals/0/PDF/AllUsers/IssuesElections/NFIB-Resource-Guide-111th-Congress.pdf
㧔p.2㧕
363
ో☨⁛┙ડᬺㅪ⋖߆ࠄ਄㒮⼏ຬ㧔ᜰฬߥߒ㧕ተߡߦ⊒಴ߐࠇߚᦠ◲㧔2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 21 ᣣ㧕̌-G[8QVG
.GVVGTVQVJG5GPCVG4GICTFKPI*4̍:http://www.nfib.com/issues-elections/issues-elections-item/cmsid/50386/?WT.ac=BB-IE-1m_healthcare364ో☨⁛┙ડᬺㅪ⋖㧔2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬㧕̌0(+$4ecommendation for Job Growth̍:
http://www.nfib.com/Portals/0/PDF/AllUsers/research/studies/Job-Growth-Recommendations-NFIB.pdf
365ో☨⁛┙ડᬺㅪ⋖ ̌Card-Check Agreements Bad for Employees and Small Business̍㧦http://www.nfib.com/issues-elections/issues-elections-item/cmsid/48840/v/1/366
ో☨⁛┙ડᬺㅪ⋖ ̌(GFGTCN/KPKOWO9CIG̍: http://www.nfib.com/issues-elections/issueselections-item/cmsid/240/

74

5.3.3.

ో☨ᅚᕈ⚻༡⠪දળ㧔NAWBO㧕ో☨ᅚᕈ⚻༡⠪දળ㧔National Association of Women Business Owners㧦NAWBO㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬1975ᐕߦ⸳┙ߐࠇߚᅚᕈ⿠ᬺኅࠍᡰេߔࠆᬺ⇇࿅૕ߢ޽ࠆ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ో☨ 80 ߆ᚲߦᡰㇱࠍ⸳⟎ߒ‫ޔ‬ળ
ຬᢙߪ 7,000 ฬࠍ⹶ࠆ367‫ޕ‬ળຬߩ⚻༡ߔࠆડᬺߩ߁ߜ 16%߇ 11 ੱએ਄ࠍ㓹↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ળຬߩᐔဋᠲᬺᐕᢙߪ 9.7 ᐕ368‫☨ోޕ‬ᅚᕈ⚻༡⠪දળߪ‫ޔ‬ળຬߩ೑⋉ࠍഃㅧߔࠆ⢻ജߩᒝൻߣ⚻ᷣ⊒ዷߩផㅴ‫ࠬࡀࠫࡆޔ‬ᢥൻߦ߅ߌࠆ㕟ᣂ⊛߆ߟലᨐ⊛ߥᄌൻߩഃㅧ‫ޔ‬᡽╷߳ߩᓇ㗀ജߩ଻ᜬߥ
ߤࠍࡒ࠶࡚ࠪࡦߦឝߍߡ޿ࠆ369‫ޕ‬ળຬߦߪ‫ޔ‬ળຬห჻ߩࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣᵴേߦᵴ↪಴᧪ࠆળຬฬ★ߩ૶↪ 370ᮭ߇ઃਈߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ㅳੑ࿁⊒ⴕߩ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬ࡟࠲࡯㧔NAWBO SmartBrief㧕ࠍ⾼⺒಴᧪ࠆઁ371‫▵⾌⚻ޔ‬ᷫߦᓎ┙ߟฦ⒳ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩഀᒁ372╬ߩ೑ὐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬એਅߪ‫☨ోޔ‬ᅚᕈ⚻༡⠪දળ߇⃻ᤨὐߢឝߍࠆ᡽╷ឭ⸒ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
⴫ 19 ో☨ᅚᕈ⚻༡⠪දળ ఝవ᡽╷ឭ⸒቟ଔߥක≮଻㒾ߩታ⃻ක≮⾌ߩ೥ᷫ
ஜᐽ଻㒾ᢱߩシᷫ373⥄ࠄㆬᛯߒߚක≮଻㒾ࡊ࡜ࡦߩਅ‫ߩ⾰ޔ‬㜞޿੍㒐ක≮߅ࠃ߮ᕆᕈ࡮ᘟᕈ∔ᖚᴦ≮ࠍታ⃻ ᅚᕈ߇⚻༡ߔࠆਛዊડᬺ߳ߩㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ⺞㆐ഀว⋡ᮡ୯ 5㧑ࠍᡰᜬᅚᕈਛዊડᬺ߳ߩ ᅚᕈ߇⚻༡ߔࠆਛዊડᬺ߳ߩఝవ⺞㆐ࠍ྾ಽ㊁ߦ㒢ቯߖߕ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ⺞㆐ഀว
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 ᄢญᄾ⚂ൻߦࠃࠆ⺞㆐వߩኦභൻࠍ࿁ㆱ㧔ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߦࠃࠆࡃ
ࡦ࠼࡝ࡦࠣⴕὑߩ෻ኻ㧕 ోߡߩਛዊડᬺ߳ߩ౏ᱜߥ⒢೙ࠍផㅴ
ᬺോ਄ߩ㘩⾌࡮੤㓙⾌ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᐕ㑆ᦨᄢ㧝ਁ࠼࡞߹ߢో㗵
౏ᱜߥ⒢೙375ប㒰㧔⃻࿷ߩប㒰₸ߪ 50%㧕 ㆮ↥⒢㧔estate tax㧕ߩᡷᱜ಴ᚲ㧦ో☨ᅚᕈ⚻༡⠪දળ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻ࠃࠅ૞ᚑ376
367

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ో☨ᅚᕈ⚻༡⠪දળ‫̌ޔ‬0#9$1/GODGT2TQHKNG̍: http://nawbo.org/section_105.cfm
369
ో☨ᅚᕈ⚻༡⠪දળ‫̌ޔ‬8KUKQPCPF/KUUKQP̍: http://nawbo.org/section_23.cfm
370ో☨ᅚᕈ⚻༡⠪දળ‫̌ޔ‬Member Directory̍: http://nawbo.org/section_126.cfm
371
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ዏ‫ߪࠬࡆ࡯ࠨߩߎޔ‬ળຬએᄖߢ߽ E-mail ⊓㍳ߔࠇ߫ήᢱߢ⾼⺒น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬಴ᚲ㧦ో☨ᅚᕈ⚻༡⠪දળ‫ޔ‬http://www.smartbrief.com/nawbo/index.jsp?campaign=signup_box372ో☨ᅚᕈ⚻༡⠪දળ‫̌ޔ‬Member-Ony Benefits̍: http://nawbo.org/section_123.cfm
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̌Corporate Patron - Guardian Life Insurance Company of America̍:
http://nawbo.org/content_3882.cfm
373
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368

75

╙6┨

☨࿖ਛዊડᬺ߇⋥㕙ߔࠆ໧㗴ὐߣߘࠇߦ߹ߟࠊࠆ᡽╷਄ߩേ߈㧔᡽╷᩺฽߻㧕

6.1. ᥊᳇ᷫㅦߦࠃࠆ⾗㊄⺞㆐ࠍ߼ߋࠆ໧㗴ᧄ▵ߢߪ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ਛዊડᬺ߇⋥㕙ߔࠆ⾗㊄⺞㆐ࠍ߼ߋࠆ໧㗴ࠍ᭎ⷰߒߚᓟ‫ޔ‬᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߩਅߢⴕࠊࠇߚਛዊડᬺᐡߩฦ⒳ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᒝൻౝኈ߿ਛዊડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ
ߩ⺞㆐ᒝൻߦߟ޿ߡ߹ߣ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬
6.1.1.

⢛᥊એਅߦ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߦ߅ߌࠆ⾗㊄⺞㆐ߩ⺖㗴ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬Ԙ૑ቛࡠ࡯ࡦ୫ࠅ឵߃ߦࠃࠆࠠࡖ࠶ࠪࡘ
ࠕ࠙࠻‫ޔ‬ԙ᳃㑆㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺ߳ߩⲢ⾗‫ޔ‬෸߮‫ޔ‬Ԛਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆ㊄Ⲣᡰេߦߟ޿
ߡ߹ߣ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬૑ቛࡠ࡯ࡦ୫ࠅ឵߃ߦࠃࠆ⃻㊄ᒁ߈಴ߒᄙߊߩਛዊડᬺߪ‫ߜ┙ޔ‬਄ߍᤨߩ⾗㊄⺞㆐ࠍ੐ᬺਥ୘ੱߩᛩ⾗ߦ㗬ߞߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬૑ቛࡃࡉ࡞
ߩ㗃‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ੐ᬺਥߪ‫ޔ‬૑ቛࡠ࡯ࡦߩ୫ࠅ឵߃ᤨߦㅊടⲢ⾗ࠍฃߌขࠅ‫⃻ࠍࠇߘޔ‬㊄ߢᒁ߈಴ߔ㧔ࠠࡖ࠶ࠪࡘࠕ࠙࠻㧕ߎߣߢ‫⚻ޔ‬༡⾗㊄ߦలᒰߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬૑ቛଔᩰߩਅ⪭ߦࠃࠅ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬૑ቛ⾗↥ࠍ↪޿ߚ⃻㊄ᒁ߈಴ߒ߇⾗㊄⺞㆐Ḯߣߒߡᦼᓙ಴᧪ߥߊߥߞߡߒ
߹ߞߡ޿ࠆ377‫ޕ‬࿑ 4 ߦ޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬૑ቛࡠ࡯ࡦ୫ࠅ឵߃ߦࠃࠆ⃻㊄ᒁ߈಴ߒߪ 2006 ᐕᐲ߆ࠄᷫዋߒᆎ߼ߡ߅ࠅ378‫ޔ‬2007 ᐕᐲߦᦝߦᕆ⪭‫ޔ‬2008 ᐕඨ߫߹ߢਅ⪭ߩ৻ㅜࠍㄡߞߚ੐߇ಽ߆ࠆ‫ޕ‬376

ో☨ᅚᕈ⚻༡⠪දળ‫̌ޔ‬2QNKEKGUCPF2QUKVKQPU̍: http://nawbo.org/section_104.cfm
⽷ോ⋭㧔2009 ᐕ 11 ᦬ 18 ᣣ㧕̌4GRQTVVQVJG2TGUKFGPV5OCNN$WUKPGUU(KPCPEKPI(QTWO̍㧦
http://www.financialstability.gov/docs/Small%20Business%20Financing%20Forum%20Report%20FINAL.PDF
㧔p.45㧕
378
ࡠࠗ࠲࡯ឝタ⸥੐㧔2009 ᐕ 2 ᦬ 6 ᣣ㧕̌%CUJ-QWVTGHKUUNKRKP3UGGPFQYPKP̍
http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN0623750720070206
377

76

࿑ 4

૑ቛ⾗↥ߩⵙ㊂⊛⾗㊄ൻߦࠃࠆࠠࡖ࠶ࠪࡘࠕ࠙࠻ߣ૑ቛଔᩰ

಴ᚲ㧦⽷ോ⋭379
ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ૑ቛ⾗↥ࠍᵴ↪ߒߚ⾗㊄⺞㆐߇࿎㔍ߣߥߞߚ⃻⁁ࠍฃߌߡ‫ߦ࠼࡯ࠞ࠻࠶ࠫ࡟ࠢޔ‬ࠃࠆ⾗㊄⺞㆐ߦଐሽߔࠆਛዊડᬺ੐ᬺਥ߇Ⴧ߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫߽ᦨߢ☨ోޕ‬ᱧผߩ޽ࠆਛዊડᬺ࿅૕ߢ
޽ࠆ‫☨ోޟ‬ਛዊડᬺදળ(NSBA: National Small Business Association)‫߇ޠ‬ਛዊડᬺ੐ᬺਥ
ࠍኻ⽎ߦታᣉߒߚࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻⺞ᩏߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟ‬2009 ᐕᐲਛዊડᬺࠢ࡟ࠫ࠶࠻ࠞ࡯࠼⺞ᩏ㧔 2009
Small Business Credit Card Survey㧕‫ޔߣࠆࠃߦޠ‬2008 ᐕ 12 ᦬ߦߪ࿁╵⠪ߩ 49%߇ㆊ෰ 12 ࡩ᦬㑆ࠢ࡟ࠫ࠶࠻ࠞ࡯࠼ࠍ⾗㊄⺞㆐Ḯߣߒߡ೑↪ߒߚ੐߇޽ࠆߣ╵߃ߚ߇‫ޔ‬2009 ᐕ 4 ᦬ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ߎߩഀวߪ 59%ߦ߹ߢჇടߒߡ޿ࠆ380‫ޕ‬᳃㑆㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺ߳ߩⲢ⾗2007 ᐕએ㒠‫ޔ‬᳃㑆㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߪ໡ᎿⲢ⾗⾉ઃၮḰࠍᒝൻߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔࿑ 5 ෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߩ
65%એ਄߇ਛዊડᬺߦኻߔࠆ⾉ઃၮḰࠍ෩ᩰൻߒߡ޿ࠆߣߩᜰ៰߽޽ࠅ381 ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ߇᳃㑆㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐߆ࠄߩⲢ⾗ࠍฃߌࠆߚ߼ߩⅣႺ߇ടㅦᐲ⊛ߦᖡൻߒ‫ޔ‬ਇᴫਅߦ߅޿ߡ੐ᬺ᜛ᄢ߿ᣂⷙ㓹↪߇಴᧪ߥ޿ਛዊડᬺߩታᘒ߇ુ߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬379

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ో☨ਛዊડᬺදળ‫̌ޔ‬5OCNN$WUKPGUU%TGFKV%CTF5WTXG[̍
http://www.nsba.biz/docs/09CCSurvey.pdf (p. 3)381
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380

77

࿑ 5

໡ᎿⲢ⾗⾉ઃၮḰᒝൻࠍ⹺߼ߚ㌁ⴕߩഀวߩផ⒖㧔1990㨪2008 ᐕ㧕಴ᚲ㧦ㅪ㇌Ḱ஻೙ᐲℂ੐ળ382ᵈ㧦ࠣ࡜ࡈߩᢙ୯ߪ‫⾉ޔ‬ઃၮḰࠍ‫ޟ‬ᒝൻߒߚ‫ߣޠ‬࿁╵ߒߚ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߩᢙ㧔A ߣߔࠆ㧕ߣ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᒝൻߒߡ޿ߥ޿‫ߣޠ‬࿁╵ߒߚ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ᢙ㧔B ߣߔࠆ㧕ࠍ‫(ޣޔ‬A-B)/(A+B)100‫▚ߩޤ‬ᑼߦᒰߡߪ߼ߡ⸘▚ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠬ࠽ࠗࡑޕ‬୯ߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᒝൻߒߡ޿ߥ޿‫ߣޠ‬࿁╵ߒߚ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ᢙ߇‫ޟ‬ᒝൻߒߚ‫ߣޠ‬࿁╵ߒߚᯏ㑐ᢙࠍ਄࿁ߞߚࠤ࡯ࠬ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆ㊄Ⲣᡰេ૑ቛࡠ࡯ࡦ୫ࠅ឵߃ߦࠃࠆ⃻㊄ᒁ߈಴ߒ߿᳃㑆㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐߆ࠄߩⲢ⾗߇෩ߒߊߥࠆਛ‫ޔ‬2008
ᐕߩ㊄Ⲣෂᯏએ㒠‫ޔ‬7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽߿ 504 ౏⹺㐿⊒౏␠ࡠ࡯ࡦߥߤ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆၮᐙࡊ
ࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ೑↪߽⪺ߒߊᷫዋߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬2008 ᐕ 10 ᦬ 28 ᣣߦਅ㒮ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળ(House
Committee on Small Business)ߦࠃߞߡ⊒⴫ߐࠇߚႎ๔ᦠ‫ޟ‬ਛዊડᬺ⚻੍᷹ᷣ㧦⃻⁁⹏ଔߣᚑ㐳 ߳ ߩ ᜸ ᚢ 㧔 Small Business Economic Outlook: Assessing Current Conditions andChallenges to Growth㧕‫ޔߣࠆࠃߦޠ‬7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽Ⲣ⾗ઙᢙߪ೨ᐕᐲᲧ 3 ਁઙᷫ‫⸽଻⾗Ⲣޔ‬✚㗵߽೨ᐕᐲᲧߢ 11%㧔㊄㗵ߦߒߡ 16 ం 4,000 ਁ࠼࡞㧕ᷫߣ޿߁‫ޔ‬หࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㐿ᆎએ᧪ᦨᖡߩ⪭ߜㄟߺࠍ⸥㍳ߒߚ‫ޕ‬หᐡߦࠃࠆ 504 ౏⹺㐿⊒౏␠ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦ㑐ߒߡ߽ห᭽ߦ‫ޔ‬Ⲣ⾗✚㗵ߪ೨ᐕᐲᲧ 16%ᷫࠍ␜ߒߚ㧔࿑ 6 ෳᾖ㧕383‫᧪ᧄޔߪࠇߎޕ‬᳃㑆㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߦࠃࠆⲢ⾗ᷫࠍ⵬ቢߔࠆᓎ⋡ࠍᜬߟ᡽ᐭߦࠃࠆⲢ⾗෸߮Ⲣ⾗଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߇‫ޔ‬᥊᳇ᓟㅌߦࠃߞߡ㌁ⴕߩⲢ⾗ᆫ൓ࠍ✭๺ߔࠆߦߪ⥋ࠄߥ߆ߞߚߎߣࠍ␜ໂߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

382

ㅪ㌁‫̌ޔ‬/GCUWTGUQH5WRRN[CPF&GOCPFHQT%QOOGTEKCNCPF+PFWUVTKCN.QCPUD[5K\GQH(KTO
5GGMKPI.QCP̍㧔p.1㧕ߩ Net Percentage of Domestic Respondents Tightening Standards for Commercial
and Industrial Loans
383
110 ⼏ળ☨࿖ਅ㒮ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળ‫̌ޔ‬5OCNN$WUKPGUU'EQPQOKE1WVNQQM#UUGUUKPI%WTTGPV%QPFKVKQPU
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http://www.house.gov/smbiz/Reports/Small%20Business%20Economic%20Outlook%20%20Report%20by%20House%20Small%20Business%20Committee.pdf 㧔p.10㧕

78

࿑ 6

7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽෸߮ 504 ౏⹺㐿⊒౏␠ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦࠃࠆⲢ⾗✚㗵ߩേ߈಴ᚲ㧦ਅ㒮ਛዊડᬺᆔຬળ384ᵈ㧦Ⲣ⾗㗵ߩᢙ୯࠺࡯࠲ߪ⸥タߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ታ㓙ߦ‫ ⴫ޔ‬20 ߆ࠄߪ‫ޔ‬2009 ᐕᐲߦਛዊડᬺᐡࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍㅢߓߚ᳃㑆ᄢᚻ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺะߌⲢ⾗߇೨ᐕᐲߦᲧߴᕆỗߦ⪭ߜㄟࠎߢ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ࠆ‫ޕ‬
⴫ 20 ᳃㑆㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺᐡࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍㅢߓߚਛዊડᬺะߌⲢ⾗⁁ᴫ
㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ฬ

2008 ᐕᐲ
(න૏㧦
⊖ਁ࠼࡞)
)

2009 ᐕᐲ(න૏㧦⊖ਁ࠼࡞))೨ᐕᐲᲧ㧔㧑㧕

CIT Small Business Lending
Wells Fargo & Co.
U.S. BankJP Morgan Chase & Co.

669.8
583.4
443.5
394

92.8
605
249.5
116.9

Wachovia Bank

392.1

137.3

-86%
4%
-44%
-70%
-65%

Popular North America
TD BanknorthComerica Inc.
UPS Capital Business Credit
Temecula Valley Bank಴ᚲ㧦CNN385

330.4
193.2
185.2
176.4
157.5

70.4
131.5
16.7
42.8
0

-79%
-32%
-91%
-76%
-100%

ߥ߅‫ޔ‬᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߩਅߢਛዊડᬺᐡ߇ਛዊડᬺ߳ߩ㊄Ⲣᡰេ᜛ᄢࠍⴕߞߚ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬2009 ᐕᐲ
384

ห਄‫ޕ‬
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http://money.cnn.com/2009/09/25/smallbusiness/sba_lending_wells_fargo/ዏ‫ޔ‬Wells Fargo & Co.ߪᓥ᧪߆ࠄਛዊડᬺᐡߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ೑↪ߩᄙ߆ߞߚ Wachovia Bank ࠍ 2008 ᐕᓟඨߦๆ
෼ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
385

79ᧃߩᤨὐߢߩⲢ⾗଻⸽㗵ߪ೨ᐕᐲᲧ 0.8%Ⴧߩ 622 ం࠼࡞ߢ޽ࠅ‫⾗Ⲣޔ‬ᱷ㜞✚㗵߽೨ᐕᐲᲧ
2.7%Ⴧ 905 ం࠼࡞ߣ386‫ޔ‬หᐡߦࠃࠆᡰេߦߪ࿁ᓳߩళߒ߇⷗ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔ᓟឝ㧕‫ޕ‬એ਄᭎ⷰߒߚࠃ߁ߦ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ߩਛዊડᬺࠍขࠅᏎߊⲢ⾗ⅣႺ෸߮⾗㊄⺞㆐ߩ⃻⁁ߪ‫ޔ‬૑ቛࡃࡉ࡞ߩ፣უߦࠃࠆࠠࡖ࠶ࠪࡘࠕ࠙࠻ߩᷫዋ‫ޔ‬᳃㑆㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߦࠃࠆⲢ⾗ክᩏၮḰߩᒝൻ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߩᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ೑↪ߩᷫዋߣ‫ޔ‬᭽‫ⷐߥޘ‬࿃߇⛊ߺวߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᰴ▵ߢߪ‫⁁ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬ᴫࠍᡷༀߔࠆߴߊᛂߜ಴ߐࠇߚᣉ╷ࠍ߹ߣ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬
6.1.2.

ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺ㊄Ⲣᡰេ╷߳ߩ᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߩᓇ㗀

2009 ᐕ 2 ᦬ 17 ᣣߦࠝࡃࡑᄢ⛔㗔ߩ⟑ฬߦࠃߞߡᚑ┙ߒߚ᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߪ‫ޔ‬㊄Ⲣෂᯏߩᛂ᠄ߦ
޽߃ߋਛዊડᬺะߌߦ‫ޔ‬⒢ប㒰ភ⟎߿Ⲣ⾗ᯏળࠍ᜛ᄢߔࠆߎߣࠍቯ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ߇Ⲣ⾗ࠍฃߌᤃߊߔࠆ৻ᣇߢ‫ߒ⾉ޔ‬ᚻߦߪਛዊડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ⾉ઃߦኻߔࠆࠗࡦ࠮ࡦ
࠹ࠖࡉࠍਈ߃ࠆ߶߆‫࠻࠶ࠫ࡟ࠢޔ‬Ꮢ႐ߩᵹേᕈ࿁ᓳࠍ⋡ᜰߒߚᣇ╷ࠍⷙቯߒߡ޿ࠆ387‫ޕ‬᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߦࠃࠆ᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺᐡࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᒝൻౝኈߣਛዊડᬺᐡ߳᜚಴
ߐࠇߚ⾗㊄ߩ૶ㅜߩౝ⸶ࠍਅ⴫ 21 ߣ⴫ 22 ߦ߹ߣ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬⴫ 21ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ࡮ಽ㊁

᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺࠃࠆਛዊડᬺᐡࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᒝൻౝኈ
ౝኈࡠ࡯ࡦࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᚻ2010 ᐕ 9 ᦬ 30 ᣣ߹ߢ 7(a)෸߮ 504 ࡠ࡯ࡦᚻᢙᢱߩ৻ᤨᷫ఺ࠍ⹺߼
ᢙᢱࠆ‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬ᷫ఺✚㗵߇ 2 ం 9,900 ਁ࠼࡞ߦ㆐ߒߚ႐วߪߘߩᤨὐ
ߢភ⟎ࠍᛂߜಾࠆ‫ޕ‬7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ߁ߜㆡಾߣ್ᢿߐࠇߚⲢ⾗ߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬࡜ࡓਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆᦨᄢ 90%ߩ଻⸽ࠍ⹺߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ታᣉᦼ㑆ߪ᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺᣉ
ⴕᓟ 12 ࠞ᦬㑆એౝ‫߇▚੍ޔߪߚ߹ޔ‬ᨗᷢߔࠆ߹ߢߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔⸽೛ൻߐࠇߚ㧕7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦࠍขᒁߔࠆ࠮ࠞࡦ࠳࡝࡯࡮ࡑ࡯ࠤ࠶࠻
ߢᵴേߔࠆ੐ᬺ⠪ߦኻߔࠆⲢ⾗ࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬ታᣉᦼ㑆ߪ᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺᣉⴕ
ᓟ 2 ᐕએౝߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬504 ౏⹺㐿⊒౏␠ࡠ࡯ᣢሽߩࡠ࡯ࡦ߆ࠄᣂⷙߩ 504 ࡠ࡯ࡦ߳ߩ୫ࠅ߆߃ࠍ⹺߼ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
504 ࡠ࡯ࡦߩⲢ⾗଻⸽㗵ࠍ 5 ਁ࠼࡞߆ࠄ 6 ਁ 5,000 ࠼࡞ߦᒁ߈਄ߍ
ࠆ‫ޕ‬504 ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ߁ߜ‫ ╙ޔ‬3 ⠪㧔ᛩ⾗ኅ㧕ߦᄁළߐࠇߚ߽ߩ
ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆ࠮ࠞࡦ࠳࡝࡯࡮ࡑ࡯ࠤ࠶࠻଻⸽ࠍ⸵น
ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ታᣉᦼ㑆ߪ᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺᣉⴕᓟ 2 ᐕએౝߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ࡑࠗࠢࡠࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠ ખ੺ᓎߣߥࠆ㕖༡೑㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ࠍㅢߒߡ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ߇ዊญߩⲢ⾗ࠍࠣ࡜ࡓਛዊડᬺߦⴕ߁ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦኻߒߡ 5,000 ਁ࠼࡞‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚᡰេ⵬ഥ㊄
ߦ 2,400 ਁ࠼࡞ߩㅊട੍▚ភ⟎ࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬
386
387

ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫ޔ‬2009 ᐕᐲ⽷᡽ႎ๔ᦠ㧔p.9㧕
ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫ޔ‬᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆࡍ࡯ࠫ㧦http://www.sba.gov/recovery/REC_LEARN_PROGRAMS.html

80ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ࡮ಽ㊁ౝኈਛዊડᬺᛩ⾗ળ␠ਛዊડᬺᛩ⾗ળ␠㧔SBIC: Small Business Investment Company㧕ߦࠃࠆᛩ⾗ߦኻߒߡਛዊડᬺᐡ߇଻⸽ߔࠆ㗵ࠍᒁ߈਄ߍࠆ‫ޕ‬
ARC ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ᣢߦࡠ࡯ࡦࠍᛴ߃‫⋡ޔ‬ਅߩ⽷᡽㔍ߦ⧰ߒ߻ਛዊડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߦ‫ޔ‬ᣢሽࡓ㧔ᣂⷙ㧕ࡠ࡯ࡦߩ୫ࠅ߆߃ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫ޟޔ‬ARC ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔#OGTKEC̉U4GEQXGT[%CRKVCN.QCP2TQITCO㧕‫ޠ‬ࠍਛዊડᬺᐡߦ⸳┙ߔࠆ‫⸽଻ޕ‬਄㒢ߪ 3 ਁ 5,000 ࠼࡞‫ࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊޕ‬ߩታᣉᦼ㑆ߪ 2010 ᐕ 9 ᦬ 30 ᣣ߹ߢߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬଻⸽ᦠ଻⸽଻⸽ᦠߦኻߔࠆ଻⸽㒢ᐲ㗵㧔ᓥ᧪ߪ਄㒢200ਁ࠼࡞㧕ࠍ‫ޔ‬ቭ᳃࠮ࠢ࠲
࡯ߦࠃߞߡ⊒ᵈߐࠇߚ੐ᬺߦߟ޿ߡߪᦨᄢ500ਁ࠼࡞߹ߢ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⺞㆐ᜂᒰቭߦࠃߞߡᛚ⹺ߐࠇߚ᩺ઙߦߟ޿ߡߪᦨᄢ1,000ਁ࠼࡞߹ߢ଻⸽
ࠍ⹺߼ࠆ‫⸽଻ޕ‬㒢ᐲ㗵ᒁ߈਄ߍភ⟎ߪ2010ᐕ9᦬30ᣣ߹ߢ᦭ല‫ޕ‬಴ᚲ㧦᡽ᐭ⺑᣿⽿છዪ388ߘߩઁߩ⾗ᢱࠍ߽ߣߦ૞ᚑ
⴫ 22

᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺᐡ߳ߩ⾗㊄᜚಴ౝ⸶
૶↪⋡⊛

੍▚

7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ෸߮ 504 ౏⹺㐿⊒౏␠ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮
ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᚻᢙᢱᷫ఺

2 ం 9,900 ਁ࠼࡞
7,600 ਁ࠼࡞7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ଻⸽㗵ᒁ߈਄ߍ
ખ੺㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐߳ߩࡑࠗࠢࡠࡠ࡯ࡦ㧔Microloan㧕⾉ઃࡑࠗࠢࡠࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᛛⴚᡰេ

600 ਁ࠼࡞
2,400 ਁ࠼࡞ᬺോ቟ቯൻ㧔ARC㧕ࡠ࡯ࡦ2 ం 5,500 ਁ࠼࡞଻⸽ᦠ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ࿁ォၮ㊄㧔revolving fund㧕

1,500 ਁ࠼࡞ᛛⴚ㕙ᡷༀ⾌↪

2,000 ਁ࠼࡞

৻⥸▤ℂ⾌㧔administrative expenses㧕

2,500 ਁ࠼࡞⋙ᩏቭ㧔Inspector General㧕

1,000 ਁ࠼࡞࠮ࠞࡦ࠳࡝࡯࡮ࡑ࡯ࠤ࠶࠻Ⲣ⾗ዪ

0㧔Secondary Market Lending Authority㧕࠮ࠞࡦ࠳࡝࡯࡮ࡑ࡯ࠤ࠶࠻଻⸽ዪ

0

㧔Secondary Market Guarantee Authority㧕ว⸘

7 ం 3,000 ਁ࠼࡞

388᡽ᐭ⺑᣿⽿છዪ‫̌ޔ‬5OCNN$WUKPGUU#FOKPKUVTCVKQP̉U Implementation of Administrative Provisions
KPVJG#OGTKECP4GEQXGT[CPF4GKPXGUVOGPV#EVQH̍http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d09507r.pdf(p.7)Table 2‫ޔ‬
㧔p.8㧕Table 381಴ᚲ㧦ਛዊડᬺᐡ389
ߥ߅਄⸥ߩ᧦㗄ߩ߁ߜ‫ޔ‬7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦ㑐ߔࠆⲢ⾗଻⸽₸ߩᦨᄢ 90%߳ߩᒁ߈
਄ߍ෸߮ᚻᢙᢱߩᷫ఺ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬2010 ᐕ 9 ᦬ 30 ᣣ‫ߪߊߒ߽ޔ‬หᣣએ೨ߦߘࠇߙࠇߩភ⟎ࠍታᣉߔࠆߚ߼ߩ੍▚㧔⴫ 22 ෳᾖ㧕߇ᨗᷢߔࠆ߹ߢ᦭ലߣߐࠇߡ޿ߚ㧔⴫ 21 ෳᾖ㧕‫ޔ߇ࠈߎߣޕ‬ߎࠇࠄߩ੍▚㧔ว⸘ 3 ం 7,500 ਁ࠼࡞㧕߇ 2009 ᐕ 11 ᦬ᧃߦߪᶖൻߐࠇߡߒ߹ߞߚߚ߼‫ޔ‬2009ᐕ 12 ᦬ 19 ᣣߦᚑ┙ߒߚ‫ޟ‬࿖㒐✚⋭ᱦ಴ᴺ(Department of Defense Appropriation Act,
H.R.3326)‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔߡߞࠃߦޠ‬ភ⟎ࠍ 2010 ᐕ 2 ᦬ 28 ᣣ߹ߢᑧ㐳ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬ᣂߚߦว⸘
1 ం 2,500 ਁ࠼࡞߇ㅊടᚻᒰߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ390‫ޕ‬
6.1.3.

᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߩᬺ❣࡮ലᨐ਄⸥ߩㅢࠅ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆ⾗㊄⏕଻ࠍኈᤃߦߔࠆߚ߼ߩ᭽‫ߥޘ‬ขࠅ⚵ߺࠍⴕߞߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬2009 ᐕ 11 ᦬ߦ⊒⴫ߐࠇߚ 2009 ᐕᐲਛዊડᬺᐡ⽷᡽ႎ๔ᦠ391ߢߪ‫ޔ‬หᐡߦࠃࠆ
ਥߥᚑᨐ߇એਅߩࠃ߁ߦ߹ߣ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ392‫ޕ‬
x ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆⲢ⾗੐ᬺߩ┙ߡ⋥ߒ㧦2009 ᐕ 9 ᦬ߩ 1 ࡨ᦬ߢ 7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ
࡜ࡓ෸߮ 504 ౏⹺㐿⊒౏␠ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍㅢߒߡⴕࠊࠇߚࡠ࡯ࡦᛚ⹺ߩว⸘㗵ߪ 19 ం 2,000 ਁ࠼࡞ߣㆊ෰ 2 ᐕ㑆ߦ߅޿ߡᦨ㜞㗵ߣߥߞߚ㧔࿑ 7 ෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬2009 ᐕᐲߛߌߢ߽ 5 ਁઙߩⲢ⾗ࠍታ⃻ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬x ⾗ᧄ⺞㆐ᯏળߩჇᄢ㧦᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺᚑ┙ᓟ‫ޔ‬2008 ᐕ 10 ᦬એ᧪ 1,200 ߩ᳃㑆㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐߇หᐡߩⲢ⾗ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦᓳᏫߒߚ‫ޕ‬x ἴኂᡰេ࡝࠰࡯ࠬߩᦨㆡൻദജࠍ⛮⛯㧦ਛዊડᬺᐡߪᄢἴኂߦ஻߃‫ੱޔ‬ຬᒝൻߦขࠅ
⚵ࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ἴኂᡰេࡠ࡯ࡦߦ㑐ߒߡߪክᩏᤨ㑆ࠍ⍴❗ߒ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡἴኂᡰេࡊࡠ
ࠣ࡜ࡓߩࠕ࠙࠻࡝࡯࠴ᵴേࠍᒝൻߒߚ‫ޕ‬

389
ਛዊડᬺᐡ㧔2009 ᐕ 5 ᦬ 15 ᣣ㧕̌755OCNN$WUKPGUU#FOKPKUVTCVKQP4GEQXGT[#EV#IGPE[2NCP̍
http://www.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_homepage/sba_recovery_act_plan.pdf㧔p.2㧕
390౒๺ౄ‫*̌ޔ‬4%QPHGTGPEG4GRQTV̍
http://www.gop.gov/bill/111/1/hr3326conferencereport࠙ࠜ࡯࡞ࠬ࠻࡝࡯࠻ࠫࡖ࡯࠽࡞ឝタ⸥੐(2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 21 ᣣ ̌5VKOWNWU4GNKGH'ZVGPFGFHQT5$#
.QCPU̍㧦http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704304504574610463068307636.html
391ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫ޔ‬2009 ᐕᐲ⽷᡽ႎ๔ᦠࡔࠗࡦࡍ࡯ࠫ㧦
http://www.sba.gov/aboutsba/budgetsplans/SERV_ABTSBA_BUDGET_2009AFR.html
392ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫ޔ‬2009 ᐕᐲ⽷᡽ႎ๔ᦠ:http://www.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_homepage/mgmt_discussion_analysis.pdf
㧔p.5㧕 Message from the Administrator ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬

82

࿑ 7

7(a)ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ෸߮ 504 ౏⹺㐿⊒౏␠ࡠ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦࠃࠆᛚ⹺㗵಴ᚲ㧦ਛዊડᬺᐡ393

6.2. ਛዊડᬺ߆ࠄߩ᡽ᐭ⺞㆐ᧄ▵ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ߆ࠄߩ᡽ᐭ⺞㆐੐ᖱߩ⢛᥊ߣ‫ࡑࡃࠝޔ‬᡽ᮭߦࠃࠆ⺞㆐ᯏળ᜛ᄢߩขࠅ⚵ߺࠍ߹ߣ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬
6.2.1.

⢛᥊

2 ┨ߦ߅޿ߡ⚫੺ߒߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߢߪ‫ޔ‬4,250 ం࠼࡞એ਄ߦ਄ࠆ394ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ߆ࠄߩ⺞㆐ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻㧔⺞㆐㗵㧕ߩ৻ㇱࠍਛዊડᬺ߳ഀᒰߡࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⋭ᐡߦኻߔࠆ⋭ᐡᮮᢿဳߩ
⺞㆐⋡ᮡ୯ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔Government-wide Procurement Preference Goaling Program㧕ࠍ⸳ߌߡ޿ࠆ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ߇ቯ߼ߡ޿ࠆਛዊડᬺߩ⺞㆐㗵ഀวߩ⋡ᮡ୯ߪ‫ޔ‬એਅߩߣ߅ࠅߢ޽
ࠆ395‫ޕ‬⴫ 23 ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ⺞㆐ᨒߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺ⺞㆐㗵ഀวߩ⋡ᮡ୯ਛዊડᬺಽ㘃⋡ᮡ୯ਛዊડᬺర⺧ᬺ⠪ߩ⺞㆐㗵ഀว߇ㅪ㇌⋭ᐡో૕ߩ 23%393ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫ޔ‬2009 ᐕᐲ⽷᡽ႎ๔ᦠ㧦
http://www.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_homepage/mgmt_discussion_analysis.pdf
㧔p.22㧕
ዏ‫ޔ‬2009 ᐕᐲਛዊડᬺᐡ⽷᡽ႎ๔ᦠߪࡈࠔࠗ࡞ኈ㊂߇ᄢ߈޿ߚ߼߆‫ޔ‬4 ߟߦಽഀߒߡ޽ࠆߩߢᵈᗧ‫ޕ‬ࡔࠗࡦࡍ࡯ࠫ㧦 http://www.sba.gov/aboutsba/budgetsplans/SERV_ABTSBA_BUDGET_2009AFR.html
394ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ޔ‬%QPVTCEVKPI1RRQTVWPKVKGU̍㧔⺞㆐ᯏળߦ㑐ߔࠆࡍ࡯ࠫ㧕 :http://www.sba.gov/contractingopportunities/index.html
395ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫)̌ޔ‬QCNKPI2TQITCO̍㧔⋭ᐡᮮᢿဳߩ⺞㆐⋡ᮡ୯ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧕㧦
http://www.sba.gov/aboutsba/sbaprograms/goals/index.html

83ਛዊડᬺಽ㘃⋡ᮡ୯㓚ኂ⠪ᚲ᦭ߩਛዊડᬺ

ㅪ㇌⋭ᐡో૕ߩ 5㧑ᅚᕈᚲ᦭ߩਛዊડᬺ

ㅪ㇌⋭ᐡో૕ߩ 5㧑

HUB ࠱࡯ࡦ396ਛዊડᬺరฃᬺ⠪ߩ⺞㆐㗵ഀว߇ㅪ㇌⋭ᐡో૕ߩ 3㧑ㅌᓎァੱᚲ᦭ߩਛዊડᬺ
಴ᚲ㧦ਛዊડᬺᐡ397

ㅪ㇌⋭ᐡో૕ߩ 3%ਛዊડᬺ߆ࠄߩ⺞㆐ഀวߩ⋡ᮡ୯ߪ‫ޟ߽ߢ߹ߊ޽ޔ‬ദജ⋡ᮡ‫ޔࠅ޽ߢޠ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߪᲤᐕ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ⋭ᐡߣ⋡ᮡ୯ߩ㆐ᚑᐲว޿ߥߤߦߟ޿ߡ⹤ߒว޿‫⋭ޔ‬ᐡ೎ߦ⋡ᮡ୯ࠍ⸳ቯߔࠆ398‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺߩታ㓙ߩ⺞㆐᩺ઙฃᵈታ❣ࠍߺࠆߣ‫⋡ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᮡ୯߇ᔅߕߒ߽㆐ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ
ߪ㒢ࠄߥ޿ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਅ⴫ 24 ߦ߽᜼ߍߚਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆታ㓙ߩฃᵈഀวࠍߺࠆߣ‫߃଀ޔ‬߫ 2008 ᐕᐲߢ⋡ᮡ୯ࠍ㆐ᚑߒߡ޿ࠆߩߪ‫ޔ‬㓚ኂ⠪ᚲ᦭ਛዊડᬺߩ 6.76㧑㧔⋡ᮡ୯ 5%㧕ߛߌߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺో૕‫ޔ‬ᅚᕈᚲ᦭ߩਛዊડᬺ‫ޔ‬HUB ࠱࡯ࡦਛዊડᬺ‫౓ޔ‬ᓎߦߡ⽶்ߒߚㅌᓎァੱ߇ᚲ᦭ߔࠆਛዊડᬺߪ‫ޔ‬2006 ᐕᐲ߆ࠄ 2008 ᐕᐲ߹ߢ৻ᐲ߽⋡ᮡ୯ߦ㆐ᚑߒߡ޿ߥ޿㧔⴫ 24
ෳᾖ㧕
‫ޕ‬
⴫ 24

ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ⺞㆐ᨒߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺ⺞㆐㗵ഀว㧔2006 ᐕᐲ㨪2008 ᐕᐲታ❣㧕
㧔㊄㗵න૏㧦ం࠼࡞㧕
2006 ᐕᐲ
2007 ᐕᐲ
2008 ᐕᐲ

ਛዊડᬺో૕

⺞㆐㗵

⺞㆐ഀว

⺞㆐㗵

⺞㆐ഀว

⺞㆐㗵

⺞㆐ഀว

㓚ኂ⠪ᚲ᦭

776.7
229.9

22.83%
6.76%

832.7
249.0

22.00%
6.58%

933.0
293.2

21.50%
6.76%

ᅚᕈᚲ᦭

116.1

3.41%

129.2

3.41%

147.3

3.40%

HUB ࠱࡯ࡦ

71.6

2.11%

84.6

2.24%

101.5

2.34%

29.5

0.87%

38.1

1.01%

64.5

1.49%

ㅌᓎァੱᚲ᦭
಴ᚲ㧦ਛዊડᬺᐡ399
396

HUB ࠱࡯ࡦ㧦 HUBZone㧩Historically Underutilized Business Zone‫ޔ‬ᱧผ⊛ߦ੐ᬺ߇ᩮઃ߆ߥ߆ߞߚᧂ
㐿ߩ࿾‫ޕ‬1997 ᐕਛዊડᬺᡷᱜᴺߦߡዉ౉ߐࠇߚ᭎ᔨߢ‫ޔ‬ԘᐔဋᚲᏪ೎෼౉㗵߇Ꮊౝᐔဋߩ 80㧑ᧂḩ‫ޔ‬ԙᄬᬺ₸߇Ꮊౝᐔဋᄬᬺ₸ߩ 1.4 ୚‫ޔ‬Ԛࠕࡔ࡝ࠞవ૑᳃ዬ૑࿾඙‫ߜ߁ߩޔ‬㧝ߟߩ᧦ઙࠍḩߚߒߚ࿾ၞࠍᜰߔ‫ޕ‬
http://www.sba.gov/hubzone/faq/HUBZONE_FAQ_AREAS.html
397ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ޔ‬5VCVWVQT[)QCNU̍㧔⋭ᐡᮮᢿဳߩ⺞㆐⋡ᮡ୯㧕:
http://www.sba.gov/aboutsba/sbaprograms/goals/SBGR_2006_STATUTORY_GOALS.html
398
worldlawdirect.com ឝタ⸥੐㧔2008 ᐕ 7 ᦬ 3 ᣣ㧕̌5$#2TQEWTGOGPV1RRQTVWPKVKGUD[755OCNN$WUKPGUU#FOKPKUVTCVKQP̍
http://www.worldlawdirect.com/article/2977/sba-procurement-opportunities.html Negotiating andEstablishing Goals
399ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ⺞㆐ߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺฃᵈഀว࠺࡯࠲㧦2007 ᐕᐲ‫ޔ‬2008 ᐕᐲ㧦
http://www.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_homepage/goals_08_gov_wide.pdf
2006 ᐕᐲ㧦
http://www.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_homepage/gov_wide_assessment08.pdf

84

6.2.2.

⺞㆐ᯏળ᜛ᄢߩขࠅ⚵ߺ

2009 ᐕ㧣᦬ 30 ᣣ‫ࡑࡃࠝޔ‬ᄢ⛔㗔ߪਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆ⺞㆐ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ߦ․ޔ‬ᅚᕈ߿ㅌᓎァੱ‫ࡑޔ‬ࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖߥߤ߇ᚲ᦭ߔࠆડᬺ߳ߩㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ੐ᬺߩ⺞㆐ᒝൻߦ⌀೶ߦขࠅ⚵߻ᔅⷐᕈߣߩ⹺⼂ߩਅ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߣ໡ോ⋭ߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ㧔ర⺧ᬺ⠪㧕ߦࠃࠆฃᵈഀว⋡ᮡ୯ߩ 23%ࠍ㆐
ᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߩㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ⋭ᐡో૕ߩขࠅ⚵ߺࠍవዉߐߖࠆߎߣࠍ⊒⴫ߒߚ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߥขࠅ⚵ߺߣߒߡࠝࡃࡑᄢ⛔㗔ߪ‫ޔ‬2009 ᐕ 10 ᦬ᧃ߹ߢߦਅ⴫ 25 ߢቯ߼ߚขࠅ⚵ߺࠍⴕ߁ߎߣࠍਛዊડᬺ
ᐡߣ໡ോ⋭ߦ᳞߼ߡ޿ࠆ400‫ޕ‬⴫ 25 ਛዊડᬺᐡ෸߮໡ോ⋭ߦࠃࠆ⺞㆐ᯏળ᜛ᄢߩߚ߼ߩขࠅ⚵ߺㅪ㇌᡽ᐭᯏ㑐ߩ⺞㆐ᜂᒰቭߪ‫ޔ‬᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߩਅߢᣂߚߦ┙ߜ਄ߍࠄࠇߚ᩺ઙ߽฽߼‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߦኻߒߡㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߩ⺞㆐ᯏળߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎឭଏߩ႐ࠍ 200 ࿁એ਄⸳ߌࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ෸߮໡ോ⋭ߪ‫ޔ‬ฦ⋭ᐡߩ⺞㆐ᜂᒰቭ߇Ფᐕߩ⺞㆐⋡ᮡࠍ㆐ᚑ಴᧪ࠆ᭽‫⋭ޔ‬ᐡᮮᢿ⊛ߥࠕ࠙࠻࡝࡯࠴ਗ߮ߦ⎇ୃᵴേࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬໡ോ㐳ቭߣਛዊડᬺᐡ㐳ቭ⥄ࠄࡑࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖ‫ޔ‬ᅚᕈ‫ޔ‬ㅌᓎァੱࠍ฽߻ో☨ߩਛዊડᬺ㑐ଥ⠪ߦะߌߚ໪⊒ࠍⴕ޿‫ߩ࠻ࡦࡌࠗޔ‬႐ߥߤߦ߅޿ߡਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆ⺞㆐ࠍᅑബߔࠆ‫ޕ‬಴ᚲ㧦ਛዊડᬺᐡ401ࠝࡃࡑᄢ⛔㗔ߦࠃࠆ਄⸥ߩᜰ␜ߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬໡ോ⋭㐳ቭࠥ࡯࡝࡯࡮ࡠ࠶ࠢ㧔Gary Locke㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ㆊ෰ 40 ᐕ㑆ߦ‫⚻߇ࠖ࠹࡝ࡁࠗࡑޔ‬༡ߔࠆਛዊડᬺᢙߪ 30 ਁ␠߆ࠄ 400 ਁ␠ߦჇടߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ࡑࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖ߇⚻༡ߔࠆਛዊડᬺߩᚑഞ߇☨࿖⚻ᷣߩౣ↢ߦߣߞߡ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ402‫ޔߒ⸒⊒ߣޠ‬Ⓧᭂ⊛ߥᆫ൓ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ࡑࡃࠝޕ‬ᄢ⛔㗔ߩᜰ␜ࠍฃߌߚߎࠇࠄߩขࠅ⚵ߺߪ‫࡞ࡎࠢࠗ࠹ࠬޟ‬࠳࡯࡮ࠕ࠙࠻࡝࡯࠴࡮ࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠴ࡉ㧔SOI: Stakeholders Outreach Initiative㧕‫ߣޠ‬ฬઃߌࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬໡ോ⋭ߢߪ‫⿠ߩࠖ࠹࡝ࡁࠗࡑޔ‬ᬺߣᚑ㐳ᡰេࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ‫ޟ‬໡ോ⋭ࡑࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖડᬺ㐿⊒
ዪ(MBDA : Minority Business Development Agency)‫ޠ‬403 ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆㅪ ㇌ ᡽ ᐭ ߆ ࠄ ߩ ⺞ ㆐ ߩ ଦ ㅴ ࠍ ⋡ ⊛ ߣ ߔ ࠆ ‫ ޟ‬ㅪ ㇌ ⺞ ㆐ ዪ 㧔 Office of Government
Contracting㧕‫ޠ‬404߇ SOI ࠍᜂᒰߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ405‫ޕ‬໡ോ⋭ࡑࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖડᬺ㐿⊒ዪߪߎߩࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠴ࡉߦ㑐ߒߡ‫✚ޔ‬㗵 9,000 ਁ࠼࡞ࠍో☨ 7 ߆ᚲߩࡑࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖ࡮ࡆࠫࡀࠬ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯
㧔Minority Business Centers㧕ߦ੍▚㈩ಽߒߡ޿ࠆ406‫ޕ‬400ਛዊડᬺᐡ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬ࡝࡝࡯ࠬ㧔2009 ᐕ 8 ᦬ 18 ᣣ㧕 ̌1DCOC#FOKPKUVTCVKQP#PPQWPEGU'HHQTVUVQ
Increase Access to Contracting Opportunities for Minority-1YPGF5OCNN$WUKPGUUGU̍
http://www.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_homepage/news_release_09-58.pdf 㧔p.2㧕
401
ห਄‫ޕ‬
402
ਛዊડᬺᐡ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬ࡝࡝࡯ࠬ㧔2009 ᐕ 8 ᦬ 18 ᣣ㧕 ̌1DCOC#FOKPKUVTCVKQP#PPQWPEGU'HHQTVUVQ
Increase Access to Contracting Opportunities for Minority-1YPGF5OCNN$WUKPGUUGU̍
http://www.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_homepage/news_release_09-58.pdf 㧔p.2㧕
403
http://www.mbda.gov/?section_id=2404
http://www.sba.gov/aboutsba/sbaprograms/gc/index.html
405
໡ോ⋭ࡑࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖࡆࠫࡀࠬ㐿⊒ዪ㧔U.S. Department of Commerce Minority Business Development
Agency 㧕㧦http://www.mbda.gov/documents/pdf/FACTSheetStakeholderOutreachInitiative.pdf
406໡ോ⋭ࡑࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖࡆࠫࡀࠬ㐿⊒ዪࡊ࡟ࠬ࡝࡝࡯ࠬ㧔2009 ᐕ 10 ᦬ 7 ᣣ㧕̌/$&##NNQEates Nearly $1
Million to Minority Business Centers to Increase Minority Businesses' Access to Recovery Act
Contracting85ߎߩࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠴ࡉߩᚑᨐߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬2009 ᐕ 9 ᦬ 4 ᣣᤨὐߢ᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺ㑐ㅪߩ᡽ᐭ⺞㆐㗵 25 ం࠼࡞ߩ߁ߜߩ 23.1%߇ਛዊડᬺ߆ࠄ⺞㆐ߐࠇߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ห 14.1%߇ࡑࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖᚲ᦭ߩਛዊડ
ᬺ‫ޔ‬10.6%߇㓚ኂ⠪ᚲ᦭ߩਛዊડᬺ‫ޔ‬4.1%߇ᅚᕈᚲ᦭ߩਛዊડᬺ‫ޔ‬3.0%߇ㅌᓎァੱᚲ᦭ߩਛዊ
ડᬺ‫ޔ‬6.4%߇ HUB ࠱࡯ࡦߩਛዊડᬺߦ⊒ᵈߐࠇߚ407‫ޔ߅ߥޕ‬᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߩᣉⴕᓟ 100 ᣣߩᤨὐߢ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ߆ࠄߩ᡽ᐭᄾ⚂✚㗵ߪ 4 ం 6,865 ਁ 5,066 ࠼࡞‫ޔ‬200 ᣣߩᤨὐߢߪ 19 ం 8,772
ਁ 6,888 ࠼࡞ߦ㆐ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁408‫ޕ‬

6.3. 㜞㛛ߔࠆࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠦࠬ࠻
6.3.1.

⢛᥊

2008 ᐕ 4 ᦬ߩਛዊડᬺᐡ⊒⴫ߦࠃࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ਛዊ⵾ㅧᬺ෸߮ਛዊᑪ⸳ᬺߩ㔚ജࠦࠬ࠻ߪ‫ޔ‬ડᬺో૕ߩᐔဋ୯ߦᲧߴ 35㧑㜞޿৻ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬ᄢડᬺ㧔ᓥᬺຬ 1,000 ฬએ਄㧕ߩ㔚ജࠦࠬ࠻ߪో૕ߩ
ᐔဋ୯ߦᲧߴ 17㧑ૐ޿ߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ409 ‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬ᄢડᬺߣᲧߴߡ⾗㊄ജߩߥ޿ਛዊડᬺߢߪ⋭ࠛࡀᯏེ࡮⸳஻ዉ౉߇ㆃࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ℂ↱ߩ߭ߣߟߣߒߡ᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ࠃ߁ߦࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠦࠬ࠻ߩ⽶ᜂ߇㜞޿ਛዊડᬺߩᢇᷣࠍ⋡⊛ߦ‫ޔ‬2007 ᐕ 12 ᦬ߦᚑ┙ߒߚ‫ޟ‬2007 ᐕࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯⥄┙෸߮቟ో଻㓚ᴺ㧔EISA㧕‫ޔߡߞࠃߦޠ‬ਛዊડᬺߦኻߔࠆ㊄㌛⊛ᡰេ╷ߣߒߡ‫ࡀࠛ⋭ޔ‬ᑪ▽‛࡮⸳஻࡮ⵝ⟎ߦ㑐ߔࠆᛛⴚ㐿⊒‫ޔ‬ᛩ⾗‫⺞ޔ‬㆐ࠍᡰេߔࠆࡠ࡯ࡦߩታᣉ‫ޔ‬
ഥᚑ㊄ឭଏ‫ޔ‬ௌ೛⊒ⴕߩᡰេߣ޿ߞߚౝኈࠍ⋓ࠅㄟࠎߛ‫ޟ‬ਛዊડᬺࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
㧔Small Business Energy Programs㧕‫߇ޠ‬ᢛ஻ߐࠇߚ410 ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߦࠃߞߡ߽ⅣႺ଻⼔ᐡ߿ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯⋭ߩ㑐ㅪࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦᣂߚߥ⾗㊄߇ᵈ౉ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬એਅ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߦ߅ߌࠆࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠦࠬ࠻໧㗴ߦኻߔࠆㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߩᡰេ╷ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬⒢㗵ប㒰ߥߤߩ㊄㌛⊛ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ෸߮‫ߦߤߥࡀࠛ⋭ޔ‬㑐ߔࠆᖱႎឭଏߩขࠅ⚵ߺߦߟ޿ߡ߹ߣ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬
6.3.2.

㊄㌛⊛ᡰេㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߦࠃࠆࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠦࠬ࠻߳ߩ㊄㌛⊛ᡰេ㧔⒢㗵ប㒰߿ࡠ࡯ࡦࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧕ߩᄢඨߪਛዊડᬺߦߪ․ൻߒߡ߅ࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ᄢડᬺ߽฽߼ߚડᬺో⥸߿୘ੱࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺߦ
․ൻߒߚᡰេ╷ߪ‫ޔ‬ਥߦਛዊડᬺᐡ߇ታᣉߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬એਅߦ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߦ․ൻߒߡ޿ߥ޿ᡰេ
╷㧔⴫ 26࡮⴫ 27㧕෸߮‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩߺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔⴫ 28㧕ࠍ߹ߣ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬

1RRQTVWPKVKGU̍http://www.mbda.gov/?section_id=12&bucket_id=844&content_id=6447&well=entire_pageࡑࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߪ‫࠽࠱࡝ࠕޔ‬Ꮊ‫࠲ࠦ࠳ࠬ࡯ࡁޔ‬Ꮊ‫࠽ࠕࠫࠗ࡞ޔ‬Ꮊ‫࠽ࠗ࡜ࡠࠞࠬ࡯ࡁޔ‬Ꮊ‫࠾࡞ࠜࡈ࡝ࠞޔ‬ࠕᎺ‫ࡦࠟࠪࡒޔ‬Ꮊ‫ࠕ࠾ࡃ࡞ࠪࡦࡍޔ‬Ꮊߦᚲ࿷ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬407
໡ോ⋭ࡑࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖࡆࠫࡀࠬ㐿⊒ዪ㧔U.S. Department of Commerce Minority Business Development
Agency 㧕㧦http://www.mbda.gov/documents/pdf/FACTSheetStakeholderOutreachInitiative.pdf
408ࡎࡢࠗ࠻ࡂ࠙ࠬ೽ᄢ⛔㗔ࠝࡈࠖࠬ(Office of the Vice President)㧔2009 ᐕ 9 ᦬ 3 ᣣ㧕Vice President
Biden Announces Meeting or Exceeding of All Ten Recovery Roadmap 200th Day Commitments:
http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Vice-President-Biden-Announces-Meeting-or-Exceeding-ofAll-Ten-Recovery-Roadmap-200th-Day-Commitments/ Contracts awarded to small businesses
409ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫ޔ‬Small Business Research Summary㧔2008 ᐕ 4 ᦬㧕̌%JCTCEVGTK\CVKQPCPF#PCN[UKUQH5OCNN$WUKPGUU'PGTI[%QUVU̍㧦http://www.sba.gov/advo/research/rs322.pdf 㧔p.2㧕
410
EISA㧦http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=110_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ140.110.pdf (p. 1764)

86

⴫ 26 ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߦࠃࠆࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯㑐ㅪߩ⒢㗵ប㒰ភ⟎੐ᬺࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᛩ⾗⒢ប㒰Business Energy Investment Tax Credit (ITC)
2016 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 31 ᣣ߹ߢߦ⸳⟎ߐࠇߚ⋭ࠛࡀኻ╷ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ㧔ᄥ㓁శ‫ޔ‬࿾ᾲ‫ޔ‬㘑ജ‫ࠬࡑࠝࠗࡃޔ‬૶↪ߩ߽ߩ‫ޔ‬Άᢱ㔚ᳰ‫╬ࡦࡆ࡯࠲ࡠࠢࠗࡑޔ‬㧕ߩዉ౉⾌↪ߩ 10㨪30%ࠍ⒢ប㒰ኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬⵾ㅧᬺኻ⽎⋭ࠛࡀᯏེ⒢ប㒰Energy-Efficient Appliance Tax Credit for Manufac
cturers⋭ࠛࡀኻᔕߩ⒟ᐲߦḰߓ‫ޔ‬ᵞữᯏ‫ޔ‬㘩ᵞᯏ‫ޔ‬಄ಓ࡮಄⬿ᐶߦߟ޿ߡ৻บ޽ߚࠅ 45㨪250 ࠼࡞
ߩ⒢ប㒰ࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬ዏ‫ࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᯏེߪ 2007 ᐕᐲࠛ࠽ࠫ࡯ࠬ࠲࡯ၮḰࠍࠢ࡝ࠕߒߡ޿ࠆ੐߇᧦
ઙߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬⋭ࠛࡀᣂ▽૑ቛ⒢ប㒰Energy-Efficient New Homes Tax Credit for Home Builders⋭ࠛࡀኻ╷ࠍᣉߒߚ૑ቛࠍᣂ▽ߒߚ⠪ߦኻߒ‫ߩࡀࠛ⋭ޔ‬⒟ᐲߦḰߓ 1,000 㨪2,000 ࠼࡞ߩ⒢ប㒰ࠍ⹺߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ౣ↢น⢻㔚ജ⊒㔚⒢ប㒰Renewable Electricityy Production Tax Credit (PTC)ㆡᩰߣߐࠇࠆࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯⾗Ḯ㧔ၒ┙࿾⊒↢ࠟࠬ‫ޔ‬㘑ജ‫ޔࠬࡑࠝࠗࡃޔ‬᳓ജ‫ޔ‬࿾ᾲ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒ↢ᵴࠧࡒ‫ޔ‬ầജ‫ޔ‬ᵄജ‫ޔ‬ᶏᵗ᷷ᐲ╬㧕߆ࠄ⊒㔚ߐࠇࠆ㔚ജߦߟ޿ߡ‫࡯ࡢࠕ࠻࠶ࡢࡠࠠޔ‬න૏㧔per-kilowatt-hour㧕ߢ⒢ប㒰㗵ࠍቯ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠢ࡝࡯ࡦౣ↢น⢻ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ௌ೛
Clean Renewable Energy Bonds (CREBs)
ࠢ࡝࡯ࡦౣ↢น⢻ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ௌ೛ߪ‫ޔ‬࿾ᣇߩ㔚ജදห⚵ว㧔electric cooperatives㧕߿Ꮊ᡽ᐭ‫ޔ‬࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ౣ↢น⢻ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯੐ᬺߩ⾗㊄⺞㆐ࠍ⋡⊛ߦ⊒ⴕߐࠇࠆ߽
ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔ℂ⺰⊛ߦߪ㧕೑ᕷ 0%ߩௌ೛ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ௌോ஥ߦߣߞߡߪరᧄ㄰ᷣߛߌ߇⟵ോߠߌࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬ௌᮭ⠪஥ߦߣߞߡߪௌᮭ⾼౉㗵ߩ৻ㇱ߇⒢ប㒰ኻ⽎ߣߥࠆὐ߇㝯ജߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⒢ប㒰₸ߪㅪ㇌⽷ോ⋭߇᳿ቯߔࠆ‫ޕ‬એ೨ 8 ం࠼࡞ߣߐࠇߡ޿ߚௌ೛⊒ⴕᦨᄢ㗵㧔allowable bondvolume㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߦࠃࠅ 16 ం࠼࡞߇ㅊടߐࠇߚ੐ߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬3 ୚ߩ 24 ం࠼࡞߹ߢߩ⊒ⴕ߇น⢻ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ኻ⽎ᛛⴚߪ⴫ 32 ߦ߅ߌࠆౣ↢น⢻㔚ജ⊒㔚⒢ប㒰㧔PTC㧕ߣၮᧄ⊛ߦห᭽ߣߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ㆡᩰࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯଻ోௌ೛
Qualified Energy Conservation Bonds (QECBs)
਄⸥ࠢ࡝࡯ࡦౣ↢น⢻ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ௌ೛㧔CREBs㧕ߣห᭽ߦ‫ޔ‬ℂ⺰⊛ߦߪ೑ᕷ 0%ߩௌ೛ࠍ⊒ⴕߔࠆ੐ߦࠃࠅ‫࡯ࠡ࡞ࡀࠛޔ‬੐ᬺะߌߩ⾗㊄⺞㆐ࠍน⢻ߣߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬એ೨ 8 ం࠼࡞ߣߐࠇߡ޿ߚ⸵ኈௌ೛⊒ⴕᦨᄢ㗵㧔allowable bond volume㧕߇ 32 ం࠼࡞ߣ 4 ୚ߦᒁ߈਄ߍࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ௌᮭ⠪ߪ⽷ോ⋭߇Ფᣣ᳿ቯߔࠆ⒢ប㒰₸㧔tax credit rate㧕ߦၮߠ߈⒢ប㒰ࠍฃߌࠄࠇࠆ߇‫ో଻࡯ࠡ࡞ࡀࠛޔ‬ௌ೛ௌᮭ⠪ߪ⽷ോ⋭⸳ቯ₸ߩ 70%ߒ߆⒢ប㒰ኻ⽎ߣߪߥࠄߥ޿╬‫ޔ‬CREBs ߣߩ㑆ߦ㆑޿߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬಴ᚲ㧦DSIREߥ߅‫ޔ‬਄⴫ߦ᜼ߍߚࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ௌ೛ߪ‫ޔ‬ਅ࿑ߩࠃ߁ߥ઀⚵ߺߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

87

࿑ 8

ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ௌ೛㧔CREBs‫ޔ‬QECBs㧕ߩ઀⚵ߺ಴ᚲ㧦DSIRE411ࠍరߦ૞ᚑ
⴫ 27 ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߦࠃࠆࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯㑐ㅪᡰេ╷㧔⒢ប㒰એᄖ㧕ㅪ㇌૑ቛዪ෶ߪㅌᓎァੱ⋭ߦࠃࠆ⋭ࠛࡀ૑ቛࡠ࡯ࡦ
Energy-Efficient Mortgages⋭ࠛࡀᜂ଻㧔Energy Efficient Mortgages㧦EEM㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂ▽෶ߪᣢሽߩ૑ቛߦ߅޿ߡౣ↢น⢻ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᛛⴚዉ౉ࠍ฽߻ᄙ᭽ߥ⋭ࠛࡀኻ╷ࠍ⻠ߓࠆߚ߼ߦ೑↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫଻ࡦ࡯ࡠޔ‬⸽ߪ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌૑ቛዪ㧔FHA: Federal Housing Authority㧕෶ߪㅌᓎァੱ⋭ߦࠃࠆࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
㧔Veterans Affairs programs㧕ࠍㅢߓߡⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯⋭ߦࠃࠆࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
U.S. Department of Energy - Loan Guarantee Programᛛⴚ㕟ᣂࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔IInnovative Technology Loan Guarantee Program㧕2005 ᐕࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯᡽╷ᴺ㧔Energy Policy Act of 2005㧕ࠍᩮ᜚ᴺߣߒߡ㐿ᆎߐࠇߚᧄࡊࡠ
ࠣ࡜ࡓߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ‛⾰߹ߚߪ᷷ቶലᨐࠟࠬឃ಴ࠍ࿁ㆱ‫ޔ‬೥ᷫ‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬㓒㔌ߔࠆ੐ᬺ‫ޔ‬෶ߪ‫߇⸽଻ޔ‬᳿ቯߒߚᤨὐߩ☨࿖ߢ೑↪಴᧪ࠆ໡ᬺᛛⴚߦᲧߴᄢ߈ߥᡷༀ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆᛛⴚ㧔ᣂⷙ߽฽߻㧕ࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߢ‫⸽଻ࡦ࡯ࡠޔ‬㗵ߪ 100 ం࠼࡞એ਄ߣߐࠇ
ࠆ‫ޕ‬2009 ᐕ 7 ᦬ߦࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯⋭ߪ㕟ᣂ⊛ߥ⋭ࠛࡀᛛⴚ‫ޔ‬ౣ↢น⢻ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᛛⴚ‫ᦨޔ‬వ┵ㅍ㈩㔚ᛛⴚࠍណ↪ߒߚ੐ᬺ߳ߩෳട⠪ࠍ൐㓸ߒ‫✚ޔ‬㗵 85 ం࠼࡞ߩࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࠍ㐿ᆎߒߚ‫ޕ‬
Temporary Loan Guarantee Program㧕ᥳቯ⊛ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔T
᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߦࠃࠅᒰ⹥ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦኻߒߡ 60 ం࠼࡞ߩㅊട੍▚ភ⟎߇⻠ߓࠄࠇ‫ޔߚ߹ޔ‬㔚ജ߹ߚߪ࿾ᾲࠍ⊒㔚ߔࠆౣ↢น⢻ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯੐ᬺ‫ޔ‬㑐ㅪㇱຠࠍ⵾ㅧߔࠆᣉ⸳‫ޔ‬㈩㔚ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ‫ޔ‬㕟ᣂ⊛ߥࡃࠗࠝΆᢱ੐ᬺ߇ᣂߚߦኻ⽎ಽ㊁ߣߒߡㅊടߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
411

DSIRE‫̌ޔ‬%NGCP4GPGYCDNG'PGTI[$QPFU %4'$U ̍෸߮̌3WCNKHKGF'PGTI[%QPUGTXCVKQP$QPFU(QECBs) ̍88ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯⋭ߦࠃࠆࠛ࠽ࠫ࡯ࠬ࠲࡯⹺ቯ⵾ຠ࡝ࡌ࡯࠻ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
ࠛ࠽ࠫ࡯ࠬ࠲࡯㧔Energy Star㧕ߪࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯⋭ߣⅣႺᐡߦࠃࠆ⋭ᐡᮮᢿဳㅪ៤ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬1992 ᐕએ᧪ᄢડᬺࠍᔨ㗡ߦ⟎߈㐿ᆎߐࠇߚ߇‫ߩߘޔ‬ᓟਛዊડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚขࠅ⚵ߺ߽ᒝൻߒ‫ޔ‬ήᢱߢ㊄㌛⊛ᡰេᖱႎ‫ࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊޔ‬ᚑഞ੐଀‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ኅᖱႎ‫⹺࡯࠲ࠬ࡯ࠫ࠽ࠛޔ‬ቯ⵾ຠ㧔⵾ຠ඙ಽߦಽ㘃㧕╬ߩᄙ᭽ߥᖱႎࠍឭଏߒߡ޿ࠆ‫☨ߪ࡯࠲ࠬ࡯ࠫ࠽ࠛޕ‬࿖ߢᦨ߽ᚑ
ഞߒߡ޿ࠆቭ᳃දജߩ੐଀ߣߒߡ߽⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ዊᄁᬺ⠪‫⵾ޔ‬ㅧᬺ⠪‫ޔ‬㔚ജળ␠ࠍᏎ߈ㄟ
ߺ‫ޔ‬ᑪ‛ߩ⸳஻㕙߆ࠄ᭴ㅧ߹ߢߩో૕ࠍ⷗ᝪ߃ߚ⋭ࠛࡀኻ╷ࠍታ⃻ߔߴߊ‫ࡀࠛ⋭ޔ‬ᵴേࠍផㅴߒ‫ޔ‬ᶖ⾌⠪ߦኻߒߡౕ૕⊛ߥ⋭ࠛࡀኻ╷ᴺࠍᢎ⢒ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߪߦࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊᧄޕ‬2008 ᐕ߹
ߢߦ 1 ਁ 5,000 એ਄ߩࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯߇ෳടߒ‫ޔ‬᷷ቶലᨐࠟࠬߩឃ಴㊂ 43MMTCE(100 ਁ὇⚛឵▚࠻ࡦ)ߩ೥ᷫ(⥄േゞ 2,900 ਁบߦࠃࠆᐕ㑆ឃ಴ࠟࠬ㊂ߦ⋧ᒰ)‫ޔ‬㔚᳇ᢱ㊄ 190 ం࠼࡞ಽߩ▵ᷫߦᚑഞߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ࡑࡃࠝޔߚ߹ޕ‬᡽ᮭਅߢߩ⋭ࠛࡀ᡽╷ߩᵄߦਸ਼ࠅ‫ߩࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊߩߎޔ‬⍮ฬᐲߪ☨࿖ੱߩ߁ߜ 75%߇⹺⍮ߔࠆ߹ߢߦᶐㅘߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⹺࡯࠲ࠬ࡯ࠫ࠽ࠛޕ‬ቯߩ⵾ຠ⾼౉ᢙߪหᐕᐲߦߒߡ⚂ 5 ం 5,000 ਁ⵾ຠߦ਄ࠅ‫ޔ‬2000 ᐕએ᧪ߩ⚥Ⓧ⵾ຠ⾼౉ᢙߪ 25 ంὐએ਄ࠍᢙ
߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ㅪ㇌࡮Ꮊ࡮࿾ᣇ᡽ᐭ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢࠛ࠽ࠫ࡯ࠬ࠲࡯⹺ቯ⵾ຠ⾼౉ߦ㑐ߔࠆ࡝ࡌ࡯࠻ࡊࡠࠣ࡜
ࡓ߇ታᣉ࡮੍ቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߶߆‫ޔ‬᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߩਅ‫࡜ࠣࡠࡊ࠻࡯ࡌ࡝࡮࡯࠲ࠬ࡯ࠫ࠽ࠛߩߎޔ‬ࡓߦኻߒߡ⚂ 3 ం࠼࡞߇ᡰ⛎ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ㄘോ⋭ߦࠃࠆ☨࿖ㄘ᧛ㇱࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽
USDA - Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Loan Guarantees⋭ࠛࡀኻ╷ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ⵬ഥ㊄㧔grant㧕ᡰ⛎߿ࡠ࡯ࡦ଻⸽ߩឭଏ‫ޔ‬ਗ߮ߦ‫࡯ࠡ࡞ࡀࠛޔ‬ᩏቯ㧔energy audits㧕߿ౣ↢น⢻ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᛛⴚ㐿⊒ᡰេะߌ⵬ഥ㊄ᡰ⛎ࠍㅢߒߡ‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺ↢↥⠪෸߮ㄘ᧛ㇱߩਛዊડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚᡰេࠍⴕ߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ኻ⽎੐ᬺߪ‫ޔ‬㘑ജ‫ޔ‬ᄥ㓁శ‫ޔࠬࡑࠝࠗࡃޔ‬࿾ᾲ╬ߩౣ↢น⢻ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯੐ᬺ߿‫࡮ࠬࡑࠝࠗࡃޔ‬㘑ജ࡮ᄥ㓁శ࡮࿾ᾲ⾗Ḯࠍ૶ߞߚ᳓↢↥੐ᬺࠍ฽߻‫ޕ‬಴ᚲ㧦DSIRE‫ࠍ࠻ࠗࠨࡉࠚ࠙ߩ࡯࠲ࠬ࡯ࠫ࠽ࠛޔ‬ၮߦ૞ᚑ⴫ 28 ਛዊડᬺߦ․ൻߒߚࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠦࠬ࠻⵬ഥ㊄ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆ⋭ࠛࡀࠢ࡝࡯ࡦ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
2010ᐕ1᦬1ᣣߦ㐿ᆎߐࠇߚᧄࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߩਛዊડᬺࡆࠫࡀࠬ㐿⊒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯੐
ോዪ㧔Office of Small Business Development Centers㧕߇ᜂᒰߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ഥᚑ㊄߳ߩᔕ൐ߪ⃻ᤨὐߢߪో☨63߆ᚲߦᚲ࿷ߔࠆSBDC㧔Small Business Development Center㧦ਛዊડᬺ㐿⊒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧕࡝࡯࠼࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧔SBDC Lead Center㧕ߦ㒢ቯߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᒰ⹥ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ✚੍▚㗵ߪ50ਁ࠼࡞‫ޔ‬ഥᚑ᩺ઙߪ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ੐ᬺᦼ㑆ߣߒߡ12ࡩ᦬㑆‫ᦼࡦ࡚ࠪࡊࠝޔ‬㑆ߣߒߡ2ᐲߦᷰ
ࠅ12ࠞ᦬㑆ഥᚑࠍฃߌࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߢߪ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߩᚲ‫ޔ‬1ઙߦߟ߈ᦨᄢ12ਁ5,000࠼࡞ࠍ4ઙߦഥᚑߔࠆߎߣࠍ⸘↹ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ዏ‫ޔ‬ഥᚑࠍฃߌߚ࿅૕ߪ‫ޔ‬ഥᚑ㗵ߣห㗵ࠍ᜚಴ߒߥߌࠇ߫
ߥࠄߥ޿㧔ࠦࠬ࠻ࠪࠚࠕ࡝ࡦࠣ㧕‫ߩߎޕ‬ഥᚑ㊄ฃ⛎⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚ⹏ଔ‫ޔ‬⍮⊛⽷↥‫ޔ‬SBIR‫ޔ‬ᚢ⇛⊛ㅪ៤‫࡞࠺ࡕࠬࡀࠫࡆޔ‬㐿⊒‫ޔ‬ᛩ⾗ኅะߌḰ஻╬ߩᵴേࠍㅢߓߡ‫ޔ‬ౣ↢น⢻ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯⾗Ḯࠍᵴ↪ߒߡᄤὼ⾗Ḯߩ૶↪ࠍ഍⊛ߦ೥ᷫߒ‫ޔ‬᷷ቶലᨐࠟࠬߩឃ಴ࠍ೥ᷫࠍታ⃻ߔࠆ᭽ߥࠢ࡝
࡯ࡦ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯㑐ㅪ⵾ຠ࡮ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ࡮ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߩ㐿⊒෸߮໡ᬺൻࠍଦㅴߐߖࠆߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺࠍᡰេߔࠆ੐߇⟵ോઃߌࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬

89ਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆ 504 ౏⹺㐿⊒౏␠ࡠ࡯ࡦߩㆡ↪᜛ᄢᓥ᧪ߩਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆ 504 ౏⹺㐿⊒౏␠ࡠ࡯ࡦߩㆡ↪᧦ઙߦ‫ޔ‬EISA ߦࠃߞߡએਅߩࠃ߁ߦ
⋭ࠛࡀ㑐ଥߩㆡ↪଀߇ㅊടߐࠇ‫ࡦ࡯ࡠޔ‬ኻ⽎߇᜛ᄢߔࠆߎߣߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬x ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ࠍ 10%೥ᷫߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ‫ޔ‬ᢿᾲ᧚‫ޔ‬㔚᾽‫ޔ‬ᡷ⦟ HVAC‫ࠍ╬⓹ࡀࠛ⋭ޔ‬฽߻⋭ࠛࡀᛛⴚࠍ೑↪ߔࠆ⸳஻ߩ⾼౉‫ޔ‬ᑪ⸳‫ޔ‬ㅊടዉ౉㧔ᦨᄢ 400 ਁ࠼࡞㧕x ౣ↢น⢻ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠍ೑↪ߒߡ⊒㔚ߔࠆ㧔⥄␠߇૶↪ߔࠆࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠍ৻ㇱหࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠍ೑↪ߒߚ⊒㔚ߢ⵬ߞߡ޿ࠇ߫⦟޿㧕ਛዊડᬺߩ‫ޔ‬ਇേ↥⾼౉෶ߪᑪ⸳੐ᬺ㧔ᦨ
ᄢ 400 ਁ࠼࡞㧕x ‫ߣ࡯ࠡ࡞ࡀࠛޟ‬ⅣႺߦ㈩ᘦߒߚ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߦ߅ߌࠆ࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ㧔LEED: Leadershipin Energy and Environmental Design㧕‫ޠ‬ၮḰ‫ޔ‬ਗ߮ߦ‫⹺ࠣࡦࠖ࠺࡞ࡆࡦ࡯࡝ࠣޟޔ‬ቯදળ㧔GBCI: Green Building Certificate Institute㧕‫ߡߞࠃߦޠ‬ቯ⟵ߐࠇࠆᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ⸳⸘ࠍዉ౉ߒߚࠣ࡝࡯ࡦࡆ࡞࠺ࠖࡦࠣߩᑪ⸳‫ޕ‬㧔ᦨᄢ 200 ਁ࠼࡞㧕಴ᚲ㧦ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫☨ޔ‬࿖਄㒮ਛዊડᬺ࡮⿠ᬺኅᆔຬળߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻╬ࠍၮߦ૞ᚑ
6.3.3.

ᖱႎឭଏਛዊડᬺߦኻߔࠆࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ߩ೥ᷫߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎឭଏߣߒߡߪⅣႺ଻⼔ᐡ㧔Environmental Protection Agency㧦EPA㧕߇Ⓧᭂ⊛ߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ߿ࠛࡀ
࡞ࠡ࡯⋭߽ᖱႎឭଏࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫⋭ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᐡߩขࠅ⚵ߺࠍએਅߦ߹ߣ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ԘEPA ߦࠃࠆขࠅ⚵ߺ
EPA ߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺࠍኻ⽎ߦᖱႎࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߦ‫ޔ‬ԘਛዊડᬺⅣႺ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻‫ޔ‬ԙਛዊડᬺࠥ࡯࠻࠙ࠚࠗࠍㆇ༡ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺߩߺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬Ԛࠛ࠽ࠫ࡯ࠬ࠲࡯412ߩขࠅ⚵ߺߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ࠍ೥ᷫߔࠆߚ߼ߩᖱႎឭଏ߽ታᣉ
ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ٟਛዊડᬺⅣႺ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻
ਛዊડᬺᡰ េขࠅ⚵ ߺߩ৻Ⅳ ߣߒߡ‫ ޔ‬EPA ߢ ߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ ⅣႺ࠙ࠚ ࡉࠨࠗ࠻ 㧔 Small
Business Environmental Home Page㧕413ࠍㆇ༡ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ឝタౝኈߪਅ⸥ߩࠃ߁ߦᢛℂߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬x ⅣႺࠦࡦࡊ࡜ࠗࠕࡦࠬ414 㧦ᣂߚߥⷙ೙ߩᣉⴕ‫ⷙޔ‬೙㑐ㅪߩㅦႎ‫ޔ‬ਥⷐߥⅣႺᴺⷙ೙ߩ
ⷐ⚂‫ޔ‬ฦᎺߦࠃࠆࠦࡦࡊ࡜ࠗࠕࡦࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎ‫ޔ‬ฦᎺ߇ታᣉߔࠆⅣႺⅣႺ㑐ㅪߩᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߩࠦࡦࡊ࡜ࠗࠕࡦࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎ‫ޔ‬ฦᴺᓞߦࠃࠆⅣႺႎ๔ⷐઙ෸߮࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢ࡝ࠬ࠻‫ޔ‬ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥࡆࠫࡀࠬ‫ޔ‬ⅣႺ೙ᓮᛛⴚ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠴ࡉ
ߥߤ 17 㗄⋡ߦᷰࠆᖱႎࠍ✂⟜‫ޕ‬
412
ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯⋭ߣⅣႺᐡߦࠃࠆ⋭ࠛࡀଦㅴࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫ޕ‬หࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߇⋭ࠛࡀലᨐࠍ⹺߼ߚኅ㔚ᯏེߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬Energy Star‫ޕࠆ߈ߢ߇ߣߎࠆߔ␜⴫ࠍ࡞ࡌ࡜ߩޠ‬413
ਛዊડᬺⅣႺ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻‫ࠫ࡯ࡍࡦࠗࡔޔ‬㧦http://www.smallbiz-enviroweb.org/
414
ਛዊડᬺⅣႺ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻‫'̌ޔ‬PXKTQPOGPVCN%QORNKCPEG*QOG̍㧦http://www.smallbizenviroweb.org/Compliance/default.aspx90x ↥ᬺ࠮ࠢ࠲࡯415 㧦ડᬺ߿ᄢቇ‫ޔ‬࿾ᣇ᡽ᐭߥߤߦኻߒߡㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߦࠃࠆⅣႺⷙ೙ࠍㆩ቞ߔ ࠆ ߚ ߼ ߩ ᡰ េ ࠍ ⴕ ߁ ࠦ ࡦ ࡊ ࡜ ࠗ ࠕ ࡦ ࠬ ᡰ េ ࠮ ࡦ ࠲ ࡯ 㧔 compliance assistancecenters㧕ߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎ߿‫ޔ‬ฦ↥ᬺะߌߩᖱႎ࠰࡯ࠬ߳ߩ࡝ࡦࠢ‫ޔ‬ฦ↥ᬺߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ಴‛߿ࡈࠔࠢ࠻ࠪ࡯࠻‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆⅣႺ㑐ㅪߩࡌࠬ࠻ࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻଀ߩ⚫੺ߥߤ
10 㗄⋡ߩᖱႎࠍ⚫੺‫ޕ‬x ࡑ࡞࠴ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ416 㧦EPA ߩਛዊડᬺࠝࡦࡉ࠭ࡑࡦ㧔small business ombudsman㧦SBO㧕߿ ਛ ዊ ડ ᬺ Ⅳ Ⴚ ᡰ េ ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ ࡜ ࡓ 㧔 small business environmental assistanceprogram㧦SBEAP㧕߳ߩᬺോᡰេߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺⅣႺᡰេߦ㑐ߔࠆࡑ࡞࠴ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕⅣ
Ⴚᡰេࡈࠔࠢ࠻ࠪ࡯࠻417‫ࠍ╬࠼ࠗࠟࠬ࡯࠰࡝ޔ‬ឝタ‫ޕ‬x ࡝࠰࡯ࠬ418㧦ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ‫ޔ‬Ꮊ᡽ᐭ‫ޔ‬ᬺ⇇࿅૕߇⊒ⴕߔࠆ಴ ‛෸߮ࡈࠔࠢ࠻ࠪ࡯࠻ࠍᬌ
⚝ߢ߈ࠆ࠺࡯࠲ࡌ࡯ࠬ‫ޔ‬EPA ߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺ㑐ㅪߩ಴ ‛࡝ࠬ࠻‫ޔ‬ਥⷐਛዊડᬺ㑐ㅪ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻෸߮಴ ‛࡝ࠬ࠻‫ޔ‬ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥࡆࠫࡀࠬᖱႎ‫ޔ‬㊄㌛⊛ᡰេߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎߥߤ 10 㗄⋡ߦࠊߚࠆᖱႎࠍ⚫੺㧔৻ㇱߩᖱႎߪ‫↥ޟ‬ᬺ࠮ࠢ࠲‫ߣޠ‬㊀ⶄ㧕‫ޕ‬ᬺ❣᷹ቯ419㧦ࠦࡦࡊ࡜ࠗࠕࡦࠬߩㆩ቞⁁ᴫ߿ⅣႺ߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺߦߟ޿ߡߩᚑᨐ᷹ቯᣇ
ᴺࠍฦᎺ߆ࠄ൐ࠅ‫ޔ‬ឝタߒߡ޿ࠆ߶߆‫ޔ‬ᬺ❣᷹ቯߩℂ⺰ࡕ࠺࡞‫ઁߩߘޔ‬ᬺോ᷹ቯߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆᖱႎࠍឝタ‫ޕ‬x ᖱႎ౒᦭420 㧦᡽ᐭߩേ߈ߦ㑐ߔࠆᦨᣂᖱႎ‫࠻ࡦࡌࠗޔ‬ᖱႎ‫ޔ‬ᚑഞ଀⚫੺‫ޔ‬ฦᎺߩ࠾ࡘ
࡯ࠬ࡟࠲࡯╬ߦߟ޿ߡߩᖱႎࠍឝタ‫ޕ‬ٟਛዊડᬺࠥ࡯࠻࠙ࠚࠗ421
ਛዊડᬺࠥ࡯࠻࠙ࠚࠗ㧔 Small Business Gateway㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߦ߅ߌࠆⅣႺࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߦ
㑐ߔࠆᖱႎ෼㓸ߩࡐ࡯࠲࡞ࠨࠗ࠻ߩᯏ⢻ࠍᨐߚߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߪߢࠗࠚ࠙࠻࡯ࠥߩߎޕ‬ⅣႺࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ
࠻ಽ㊁ߢਛዊડᬺะߌߣߐࠇࠆ㊄㌛⊛ᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߿‫ⷙޔ‬೙ㆩ቞‫ޔ‬ਥߦࠦࠬ࠻▵ᷫߦᵈജߒߚᛛⴚ⊛ᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬એਅߩᖱႎࠍ⚫੺ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬x ৻⥸ᖱႎ422㧦EPA‫ޔ‬໡ോ⋭‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡ╬‫ߥ⊛⥸৻ߊߏޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߦ㑐ࠊࠆⅣႺ᡽╷߿ⷙ೙ᖱႎ╬ࠍ⚫੺‫ޕ‬x ⅣႺᡰេ‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚᡰេ423㧦EPA ߩ SBO‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ⎇ୃ‫ޔ‬ᵹၞࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࡯㧔EPA Watershed
Academy㧕ߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎ‫▤ࠢࠬ࡝ޔ‬ℂ߅ࠃ߮ൻቇ‛⾰੐᡿ኻ╷ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩౝኈ‫ޔ‬ㄘ⮎415

ਛዊડᬺⅣႺ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻‫̌ޔ‬+PFWUVT[5GEVQTU*QOG̍㧦http://www.smallbizenviroweb.org/Industry/default.aspx
416
ਛዊડᬺⅣႺ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻‫̌ޔ‬/WNVKOGFKC*QOG̍㧦http://www.smallbizenviroweb.org/Multimedia/default.aspx
417
EPA ߩ SBO/SBEAP ߇⥄↱ߦ૶↪ߢ߈ࠆ᭽‫ⷙߩ߆ߟߊ޿ޔ‬೙ߦ㑐ߔࠆࡈࠔࠢ࠻ࠪ࡯࠻ࠍ૞ᚑߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
418
ਛዊડᬺⅣႺ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻‫̌ ޔ‬4GUQWTEGU*QOG̍㧦http://www.smallbizenviroweb.org/Resources/default.aspx
419
ਛዊડᬺⅣႺ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻‫̌ ޔ‬2GTHQTOCPEG/GCUWTGOGPV*QOG̍㧦http://www.smallbizenviroweb.org/Measurement/default.aspx
420
ਛዊડᬺⅣႺ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻‫̌ ޔ‬0CVKQPCN5VGGTKPI%QOOKVVGG 05% *QOG̍㧦http://www.smallbizenviroweb.org/sba/sba.html
421
ⅣႺ଻⼔ᐡਛዊડᬺࠥ࡯࠻࠙ࠚࠗ‫ࠫ࡯ࡍࡦࠗࡔޔ‬㧦http://www.epa.gov/smallbusiness/
422ⅣႺ଻⼔ᐡਛዊડᬺࠥ࡯࠻࠙ࠚࠗ‫)̌ ޔ‬GPGTCN+PHQTOCVKQP̍㧦
http://www.epa.gov/smallbusiness/geninfo.htm
423
ⅣႺ଻⼔ᐡਛዊડᬺࠥ࡯࠻࠙ࠚࠗ‫̌ ޔ‬#UUKUVCPEG*GNRCPF6TCKPKPI̍㧦
http://www.epa.gov/smallbusiness/help.htm

91߿ㄘᬺᓥ੐⠪ะߌߩ቟ోኻ╷ߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎ‫ࠬࡦࠕࠗ࡜ࡊࡦࠦޔ‬ᡰេ‫ޔ‬ᳪᨴ㒐ᱛߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎ‫᦭ઁߩߘޔ‬ኂᑄ᫈‛ࡑ࠾ࡘࠕ࡞╬಴ ‛ࠍឝタ‫ޕ‬x ⅣႺ㑐ㅪᖱႎ424 㧦ฦᎺߩⅣႺ໧㗴ߩኾ㐷ኅ߿ⅣႺ㑐ㅪߩ౏⊛ᯏ㑐ߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎࠍឝタ‫ޕ‬Ꮊߏߣߦኾ㐷ኅ߿㑐ଥᯏ㑐‫ ߦࠄߐޔ‬9 ߟߩ↥ᬺ೎㧔ㄘᬺ‫⥄ޔ‬േゞࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ‫ޔ‬࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕‫ޔ‬㊄ዻ᧚⴫㕙ടᎿ‫ޔ‬Ⴃⵝ࡮߼ߞ߈‫࠻ࡦ࡝ࡊޔ‬㈩✢᧼‫ޔ‬ශ೚‫ޔ‬ㆇャ㧕ߩࠦࡦࡊ࡜ࠗࠕࡦࠬᖱႎ߅ࠃ߮ⅣႺᳪᨴ㒐ᱛᖱႎߩኾ㐷ኅߩᬌ⚝߇น⢻‫ޕ‬x ⅣႺⷙ೙ᴺ425㧦ⅣႺ໧㗴ో⥸ߦ㑐ߔࠆᴺᓞ‫ⷙޔ‬೙‫ޔ‬ᴺ᩺╬߇ᬌ⚝น⢻‫ޕ‬x ⽷᡽ᡰេᖱႎ426㧦EPA ߦࠃࠆ SBIR ߅ࠃ߮ߘߩઁഥᚑ㊄ᖱႎࠍឝタ‫ޕ‬ᓟឝߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯
⋭ߣߩㅪ៤ߦࠃࠆࠛ࠽ࠫ࡯ࠬ࠲࡯㑐ㅪߩ㊄㌛⊛ᡰេ߿‫ޔ‬Ꮊ೎ߩ㊄㌛⊛ᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
ߥߤ߳ߩ࡝ࡦࠢࠍឝタ‫ޕ‬ٟࠛ࠽ࠫ࡯ࠬ࠲࡯
ࠛ࠽ࠫ࡯ࠬ࠲࡯㧔Energy Star㧕ߪࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯⋭ߣߩ⋭ᐡ㑆ㅪ៤ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬1992 ᐕએ㒠‫ޔ‬ਥߦᄢᚻ⵾ㅧᬺࠍᔨ㗡ߦ⟎߈ታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ427‫ޕ‬ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ࡟ࡌ࡞ߛߌߢߥߊ‫ޔ‬Ꮊ࡮࿾ᣇ᡽ᐭ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢ߽ࠛ࠽ࠫ࡯ࠬ࠲࡯⹺ቯ⵾ຠߩ⾼౉ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⒢ប㒰߿࡝ࡌ࡯࠻ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߇ታᣉߐ
ࠇߡ㧔߹ߚߪታᣉ߇੍ቯߐࠇߡ㧕߅ࠅ428‫ޔ‬หࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ Web ࠨࠗ࠻ߢߪ⋭ࠛࡀ⵾ຠࡔ࡯ࠞ࡯
߿ᶖ⾌⠪ะߌߦ‫ޔ‬ᶖ⾌⒢㧔sales tax㧕ប㒰߿࡝ࡌ࡯࠻╬ߩᦨᣂᖱႎࠍᬌ⚝಴᧪ࠆࡍ࡯ࠫࠍ⸳
ߌߡ޿ࠆ429 ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬หࠨࠗ࠻ౝߩࡈࠔࠗ࠽ࡦࠬ࡝࠰࡯ࠬ࠺ࠖ࡟ࠢ࠻࡝㧔Financial Resources
Directory㧕ߢߪ‫ޔ‬Ꮊ೎‫ޔ‬ᡰេࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ೎ߦ‫ޔ‬ฦ࿾ᣇߩ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߦࠃࠆࡠ࡯ࡦ‫⵾ࡀࠛ⋭ޔ‬ຠᖱႎ‫ޔ੺⚫ߩࠬࡆ࡯ࠨࠣࡦࠖ࠹࡞ࠨࡦࠦޔ‬⒢ប㒰╬ߩᖱႎࠍឭଏߒߡ޿ࠆ430‫࡯ࠫ࠽ࠛޔߦࠄߐޕ‬ࠬ࠲࡯߇ឭଏߔࠆᖱႎ߿ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍ೑↪ߒߚߎࠇ߹ߢߩᚑഞ଀ߦߟ޿ߡ߽Ꮊ೎ߦ㑛ⷩน⢻ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ߶߆‫⸳ޔ‬஻ߩᣂⷙ⾼౉ߩߚ߼ߩⲢ⾗߿࡝࡯ࠬ‫ࡀࠛ⋭ޔ‬ൻኻ╷߳ߩࠗࡦ࠮ࡦ࠹ࠖࡉ‫╬ޔ‬ࠍ‫⊛౏ޔ‬ᯏ㑐࡮᳃㑆ડᬺߩ೎ߦ㑐ࠊࠄߕ‫ޔ‬Ꮊ೎ߦ৻ⷩ⴫ߦߒߡឭଏߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ԙਛዊડᬺᐡߦࠃࠆขࠅ⚵ߺ

424
ⅣႺ଻⼔ᐡਛዊડᬺࠥ࡯࠻࠙ࠚࠗ‫'̌ ޔ‬PXKTQPOGPVCN%QPVCEVUCPF'ZRGTVU̍㧦
http://www.epa.gov/smallbusiness/experts.htm
ዏ‫޿ߒ⹦ࠅࠃޔ‬Ꮊ೎ⅣႺ㑐ㅪฦ⒳ᯏ㑐ߩ࡝ࠬ࠻ߪߎߜࠄ㧦http://www.epa.gov/epahome/state.htm
425ⅣႺ଻⼔ᐡਛዊડᬺࠥ࡯࠻࠙ࠚࠗ‫'̌ ޔ‬PXKTQPOGPVCN4GIWNCVKQPUCPF.CYU̍㧦
http://www.epa.gov/smallbusiness/regs.htm
426
ⅣႺ଻⼔ᐡਛዊડᬺࠥ࡯࠻࠙ࠚࠗ‫̌ ޔ‬6JG$QVVQO.KPG5CXKPICPF(KPFKPI/QPG[̍㧦
http://www.epa.gov/smallbusiness/money.htm
427
Energystar.gov‫̌ޔ‬#DQWV'PGTI[5VCT̍㧦http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=about.ab_indexࠛ࠽ࠫ࡯ࠬ࠲࡯ߩ㐿ᆎᒰೋߩኻ⽎ડᬺߦߟ޿ߡ㧦2009 ᐕ 3 ᦬ߦࡢࠪࡦ࠻ࡦࠦࠕ߇ⴕߞߚో☨ਛዊડᬺදળ㧔NSBA㧕߳ߩ⋥ធ⡞߈ขࠅ⺞ᩏࠃࠅ‫ޕ‬NSBA ஥㧦Mr. Kyle Kempf, Senior Director of Government Affairs
428ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯⋭‫̌ ޔ‬#RRTQXGF'PGTI['HHKEKGPV#RRNKCPEG4GDCVG2TQITCOU̍㧔ࠛ࠽ࠫ࡯ࠬ࠲࡯ߦࠃࠆ࡝
ࡌ࡯࠻‫ޔ‬⒢ប㒰‫ࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊࠬࡦ࠽ࠗࠔࡈޔ‬ᖱႎߩᎺ೎ᬌ⚝㧕㧦
http://www.energysavers.gov/financial/70022.html
429ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯⋭‫̌ ޔ‬5RGEKCN1HHGTUCPF4GDCVGUHTQO'PGTI[5VCT2CTVPGTU̍㧔ࠛ࠽ࠫ࡯ࠬ࠲࡯ෳടડᬺ
ߦࠃࠆ࡝ࡌ࡯࠻ᖱႎ㧕㧦http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=rebate.rebate_locator
430ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯⋭‫'̌ ޔ‬PGTI[5VCT5OCNN$WUKPGUU- (KPCPEKCN4GUQWTEGU&KTGEVQT[̍㧔ࠛ࠽ࠫ࡯ࠬ࠲࡯ਛ
ዊડᬺࡈࠔࠗ࠽ࡦࠬ‫⵾ޔ‬ຠ‫࡝ࠬࡆ࡯ࠨޔ‬಴ᚲ࠺ࠖ࡟ࠢ࠻࡝㧕㧦
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=sb_join.sb_financeproducts92ਛዊડᬺᐡߪⅣႺ࡮⋭ࠛࡀ໧㗴߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬਄⸥ࠛ࠽ࠫ࡯ࠬ࠲࡯ߦ㑐ߔࠆਛዊડᬺ
ะߌߩᖱႎࠍหᐡߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻ߢឭଏߒߡ޿ࠆ431‫ޕ‬Ԛࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯⋭ߦࠃࠆขࠅ⚵ߺࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯⋭ߢࠛ࠽ࠫ࡯ࠬ࠲࡯ࠍᜂᒰߔࠆ‫࡯ࠡ࡞ࡀࠛޟ‬ല₸෸߮ౣ↢น⢻ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ዪ
㧔 Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy: EERE 㧕‫࡯ ࡃ ࡯ ࠮ ࡯ ࠫ ࠽ ࠛ ޔ ߪ ޠ‬
㧔Energy Savers㧕ߣ⒓ߔࠆ⋭ࠛࡀߦ㑐ߔࠆ✚ว⊛ߥᖱႎࠨࠗ࠻ࠍ⸳ߌߡ޿ࠆ‫ߦ࠻ࠗࠨߩߎޕ‬ߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺኾ↪ߩࡍ࡯߽ࠫ޽ࠅ‫▵⾌⚻ޔ‬ᷫߦߟߥ߇ࠆ⋭ࠛࡀᖱႎ߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆࠨࠗ࠻߳ߩ࡝ࡦࠢ߇ឝタߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ432‫ޕ‬

6.4. 㜞㛛ߔࠆࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕࠦࠬ࠻
6.4.1.

⢛᥊࿑ 9 ߪ 2006 ᐕߦ࿖ౝ✚↢↥㧔GDP㧕ߦභ߼ࠆක≮⾌ߩഀวࠍ⻉ᄖ࿖ߣᲧセߒߚࠣ࡜ࡈߢ޽
ࠆ߇‫☨ޔߣࠆ⷗ࠍࠇߎޔ‬࿖ߪ╙ 21 ૏ߩᣣᧄ㧔⽶ᜂഀว⚂ 8%㧕ࠍᄢ߈ߊᒁ߈㔌ߒ‫ ╙ޔ‬2 ૏ߩࠬࠗࠬ㧔11.3%㧕ߣᲧセߒߡ߽ 3%⒟ߩᏅࠍߟߌ‫ޔ‬15.3%ߣ޿߁਎⇇ᦨᖡߩක≮⾌⽶ᜂߦ޽߃ߋ⃻ታ߇ᶋ߈ᓂࠅߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫⁁ߩߎޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᴫߪ⃻⁁ߩࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕ೙ᐲߩ߹߹ߢߪ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߐࠄߦᖡൻߔࠆߣ੍᷹ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬GDP ߦභ߼ࠆࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕࠦࠬ࠻ߩഀวߪ‫ޔ‬2030 ᐕߦߪ 28㧑‫ޔ‬
2040 ᐕߦߪ 34㧑߹ߢߦ೔㆐ߔࠆ433ߣ⷗ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔࿑ 10 ෳᾖ㧕
‫ޕ‬

431

ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫'̌ޔ‬PGTI[5VCT̍http://www.sba.gov/energy/ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯⋭‫'̌ޔ‬PGTI[5CXGTUHQT5OCNN$WUKPGUUGU̍㧦
http://www.energysavers.gov/your_workplace/small_businesses/index.cfm/mytopic=30008
433
ᄢ⛔㗔⚻ᷣ⻁໧ᆔຬળ㧔Executive Office of the President Council of Economic Advisers㧕(2009 ᐕ 6᦬)ක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟ߩ⚻ᷣ⊛஥㕙㧔The Economic Case for Health Care Reform㧕:
http://www.whitehouse.gov/assets/documents/CEA_Health_Care_Report.pdf 㧔p.7㧕II.A. Health Care
Spending as a Share of GDP ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬
432

93

࿑ 9

࿖᳃✚↢↥㧔GDP㧕ߦභ߼ࠆක≮⾌ߩ࿖㓙Ყセ㧔2006 ᐕ㧕಴ᚲ㧦ᄢ⛔㗔⚻ᷣ⻁໧ᆔຬળ434

434

ห਄‫ޕ‬
㧔p. 15㧕Figure 8

94࿑ 10 GDP ߦභ߼ࠆࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕ㑐ㅪᡰ಴ߩផ⒖㧔1980㨪2040 ᐕ㧕಴ᚲ㧦ᄢ⛔㗔⚻ᷣ⻁໧ᆔຬળ435
᥊᳇ᓟㅌߦࠃࠆᄬᬺ₸ߩ਄᣹߽૞↪ߒߡ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ 4,600 ਁੱߩ☨࿖ੱ߇ή଻㒾⁁ᘒߣߥߞߡ߅
ࠅ‫ޔ‬ක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟ࠍ᡼⟎ߔࠇ߫ߎߩᢙሼߪߐࠄߦ਄᣹ߔࠆߣ੍ᗐߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ436‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬㜞㗵߆ߟჇടߩ৻ㅜߦ޽ࠆࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕࠦࠬ࠻ߦߘߩℂ↱ߩ৻ߟ߇޽ࠆ437‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄߣ⇣ߥࠅ࿖᳃⊝଻㒾೙ᐲ߇ᢛ஻ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿☨࿖ߢߪ‫ޔ‬㓹↪ਥ߆ࠄߩක≮଻㒾ߩឭଏߦᄢ߈ߊଐሽߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ߦ․ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߪߎߩࠦࠬ࠻⽶ᜂ߇⚻༡ࠍ࿶ㄼߒߡ޿ࠆ438‫ߦࠇߎޕ‬㑐ߒߡ‫ޔ‬࿑ 11 ߪ‫ޔ‬ડᬺⷙᮨ߇ዊ
ߐ޿⒟‫ޔ‬㓹↪ਥߦࠃࠆක≮଻㒾ߩᡰ⛎₸߇ૐਅߔࠆ੐ታࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

435

ห਄‫ޕ‬
㧔p. 8㧕Figure 1
ห਄‫ޕ‬
㧔p. 6㧕I. Introduction ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬
437
ห਄‫ޕ‬
㧔p.12㧕D. Trends in Insurance Coverage ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬438
ᄢ⛔㗔⚻ᷣ⻁໧ᆔຬળ㧔2009 ᐕ 7 ᦬ 25 ᣣ㧕ක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟߇ਛዊડᬺߣᓥᬺຬߦਈ߃ࠆ⚻ᷣലᨐ㧔The
Economic Effects of Health Care Reform on Small Businesses and their Employees㧕:
http://www.whitehouse.gov/assets/documents/CEA-smallbusiness-july24.pdf 㧔p.17㧕 F. Improvements
in Workplace Productivity and Reduced Absenteeism ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬
436

95

࿑ 11

ડᬺⷙᮨ೎ߦ⷗ࠆ㓹↪ਥߦࠃࠆஜᐽ଻㒾ᡰ⛎₸㧔2008 ᐕ㧕಴ᚲ㧦ᄢ⛔㗔⚻ᷣ⻁໧ᆔຬળ439
2009 ᐕ 6 ᦬ߦ⊒⴫ߐࠇߚᄢ⛔㗔⚻ᷣ⻁໧ᆔຬળ㧔Council of Economic Advisors㧕߇૞ᚑߒߚႎ๔ᦠ‫ޟ‬ක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟ߩ⚻ᷣಽᨆ㧔The Economic Case for Health Care Reform㧕‫ࠆࠃߦޠ‬
ߣ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬᢙ 50 ฬએ਄ߩડᬺߩ⚂ 96%߇ᓥᬺຬߦኻߒߡක≮଻㒾ࠍᡰ⛎ߒߡ޿ࠆ৻ᣇ‫ޔ‬3㨪9ฬએਅߩડᬺߢߪ 49%ߦᱛ߹ࠆߣ޿߁‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺߩᓥᬺຬߦኻߔࠆஜᐽ଻㒾ᡰ⛎₸ߪ
2001 ᐕߩࡇ࡯ࠢࠍႺߦᓢ‫ߦޘ‬ᷫዋߒߟߟ޽ࠆ‫ߦᦝޕ‬หႎ๔ᦠߪ‫ޔ‬ක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟߇ⴕࠊࠇߥ޿
߹߹ߢߪ‫ޔ‬㓹↪ਥ߇⽶ᜂߔࠆක≮଻㒾ᢱ߇⃻࿷ߩ᳓Ḱ߆ࠄૐਅߔࠆ੐ߪߥ޿ߣ੍᷹ߐࠇࠆ੐߆
ࠄ‫ޔ‬2040 ᐕ߹ߢߦක≮଻㒾ࠍឭଏߔࠆ㓹↪ਥߪ 20%એਅߦ߹ߢ⪭ߜㄟ߻ߣಽᨆߒߡ޿ࠆ440‫ޕ‬หᆔຬળ߇ 2009 ᐕ 7 ᦬ߦ⊒⴫ߒߚ೎ߩႎ๔ᦠ‫ޟ‬ක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟߇ਛዊડᬺߣᓥᬺຬߦਈ߃ࠆ⚻ ᷣ ല ᨐ (The Economic Effects of Health Care Reform on Small Business and Their
Employees)‫ޔߪޠ‬ਛዊડᬺߩ⽶ᜂߔࠆ଻㒾ᢱ߇ᄢડᬺߦᲧߴߡ 18%߽㜞ߊ⸳ቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣᜰ
៰ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ℂ↱ߩ৻ߟߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᄾ⚂ᢙߩᄙ޿ᄢડᬺߩ଻㒾ߣᲧセߔࠆߣਛዊડᬺኻ⽎ߩ଻㒾ߪખ੺ᢱ㧔broker fee㧕߿੐ോ▤ℂ⾌㧔administrative costs㧕߇ഀ㜞ߦߥࠆߎߣ߇᜼ߍ
ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ441‫ ߅ߥޕ‬2009 ᐕߦ߅ߌࠆᓥᬺຬ 1 ੱᒰߚࠅߦ߆߆ࠆක≮଻㒾ᢱࠍ⷗ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬ
ᢙ 199 ੱએਅߩડᬺߢߪ 4,092 ࠼࡞‫ޔ‬200 ੱએ਄ߩડᬺߢߪ 4,022 ࠼࡞ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧔⴫ 29ෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬

439ᄢ⛔㗔⚻ᷣ⻁໧ᆔຬળ㧔2009 ᐕ 7 ᦬ 25 ᣣ㧕ක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟߇ਛዊડᬺߣᓥᬺຬߦਈ߃ࠆ⚻ᷣലᨐ㧔The
Economic Effects of Health Care Reform on Small Businesses and their Employees㧕:
http://www.whitehouse.gov/assets/documents/CEA-smallbusiness-july24.pdf 㧔p.8㧕 Figure 2440ᄢ⛔㗔⚻ᷣ⻁໧ᆔຬળ‫ޔ‬ක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟ߩ⚻ᷣ⊛஥㕙㧔The Economic Case for Health Care Reform㧕㧔p.13㧕
441
ᄢ⛔㗔⚻ᷣ⻁໧ᆔຬળ‫ޔ‬ක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟߇ਛዊડᬺߣᓥᬺຬߦਈ߃ࠆ⚻ᷣലᨐ㧔The Economic Effects ofHealth Care Reform on Small Businesses and their Employees㧕㧔p.2㧕The current health care system
is not working well for small businesses and their workers.ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬

96

⴫ 29

ᓥᬺຬ 1 ੱᒰߚࠅߩක≮଻㒾ᢱ㧔2009 ᐕ㧕ડᬺⷙᮨ㧔ᓥᬺຬᢙ㧕ડᬺ⽶ᜂ㗵

ᓥᬺຬ⽶ᜂ㗵଻㒾ᢱว⸘

1 ߆ࠄ 199 ੱ$4,092$625$4,717200 એ਄

$4,022$854$4,876

಴ᚲ㧦-CKUGT(COKN[(QWPFCVKQP̌'ORNQ[GT*GCNVJ$GPGHKVU̍
http://ehbs.kff.org/pdf/2009/7936.pdf ࠍ߽ߣߦ૞ᚑ
߹ߚ‫ޔ‬หᆔຬળߩႎ๔⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬ක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟ࠍታⴕߒߥ޿႐ว‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߦኻߔࠆ଻㒾ᢱߩ㜞㗵⸳ቯ߇⛮⛯ߔࠆ੐ߢਛዊડᬺ߇ⵍࠆ៊ᄬ㗵ߪ‫ޔ‬2010 ᐕߢ⚂ 10 ం࠼࡞ߢ޽ࠆߩߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬2018ᐕߦߪ⚂ 120 ం࠼࡞ߦ⤘ࠇ਄߇ࠆߣ੍ᗐߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔࿑ 12 ෳᾖ㧕
‫ޕ‬
࿑ 12

ࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕࠦࠬ࠻ߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺߩ෼⋉៊ᄬ㗵㧔2009㨪2018 ᐕ㧕಴ᚲ㧦ᄢ⛔㗔⚻ᷣ⻁໧ᆔຬળ442
6.4.2.

ක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟߇ਛዊડᬺߦ߽ߚࠄߔ೑ὐ

೨಴ߩᄢ⛔㗔⚻ᷣ⻁໧ᆔຬળߦࠃࠆ 2009 ᐕ 7 ᦬⊒⴫ߩႎ๔ᦠ‫ޟ‬ක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟߇ਛዊડᬺߣ
ᓥᬺຬߦਈ߃ࠆ⚻ᷣലᨐ‫ޔߪߦޠ‬ᒰᤨ⼏ળߢክ⼏ߐࠇߡ޿ߚක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟ᴺ᩺߇ਛዊડᬺߦ෸
߷ߔᓇ㗀߽߹ߣ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬หႎ๔ᦠߦࠃࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟߇ਛዊડᬺߦ߽ߚࠄߔ೑ὐߪ
⴫ 30 ߩㅢࠅߣߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬442

ᄢ⛔㗔⚻ᷣ⻁໧ᆔຬળ‫ޔ‬ක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟߇ਛዊડᬺߣᓥᬺຬߦਈ߃ࠆ⚻ᷣലᨐ㧔The Economic Effects ofHealth Care Reform on Small Businesses and their Employees㧕
㧔p.10㧕Figure 4

97

⴫ 30

ක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟߇ਛዊડᬺߦ߽ߚࠄߔ೑ὐ

ࠃࠅૐଔᩰߢࠃࠅలታߒߚ଻㒾ࡊ࡜ࡦࠍ⾼౉ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔ
ߔࠆ㧦৻ቯߩၮḰࠍḩߚߔਛዊડ
ᬺ߇‫ޔ‬ක≮଻㒾ߩ⋙〈ᯏ㑐౗Ꮢ႐ߢ޽ࠆ‫☨ޟ‬࿖଻㒾ࠛࠢࠬ࠴ࠚࡦࠫ㧔national insurance
exchange㧕‫ࠍޠ‬ㅢߒߡක≮଻㒾ࠍ⾼౉ߢ߈ࠆ‫ߩⴕ⃻ޕ‬೙ᐲߢߪਛዊડᬺ࿅૕㧔଻㒾㧕ะߌߩක≮଻㒾ߩㆬᛯ⢇ߪ㒢ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫☨ޔ‬࿖଻㒾ࠛࠢࠬ࠴ࠚࡦࠫ߇ᢛ஻ߐࠇࠆߣ‫ࠅࠃޔ‬ᄙߊߩㆬᛯ⢇߳ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ߇น⢻ߣߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ක≮଻㒾ળ␠ห჻ߢߩଔᩰ┹੎߇⿠ߎࠆߎߣ߇੍ᗐߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ක≮଻㒾⾼౉ߦ߅޿ߡ⒢ប㒰ࠍឭଏߔࠆ㧦ᓥᬺຬߦኻߒߡක≮଻㒾ࠍឭଏߔࠆਛዊડᬺߩᄙ
ߊࠍ੐ᬺ⒢ប㒰㧔small business tax credit㧕ߩኻ⽎ߣߒ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬ߳ߩක≮଻㒾ߩឭଏߩേᯏઃߌߦߔࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬⒢ប㒰ភ⟎ߪᐔဋ⾓㊄߇৻ቯᧂḩߩᓥᬺຬࠍᛴ߃ࠆਛዊડᬺߦ㒢ቯߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ක≮଻㒾ࠍឭଏߒߥ޿ડᬺߦኻߔࠆ⟏ೣ᧦㗄߆ࠄਛዊડᬺࠍ㒰ᄖߔࠆ㧦ਛၷડᬺ߿ᄢડᬺ߇
ᓥᬺຬߦක≮଻㒾ࠍឭଏߒߥ޿႐ว‫ޔ‬࿖ᐶ߳৻ቯഀวߩ᜚಴ࠍ᳞߼ࠆ‫ࠗ࡟ࡊ࡮ࠕࠝ࡮ࠗࡍޟ‬㧔pay-or-play㧕‫᧦ޠ‬㗄ࠍᢛ஻ߔࠆ‫⛎ޕ‬ਈ߹ߚߪ㓹↪᳓Ḱ߇޽ࠆ৻ቯ୯ࠍḩߚߐߥ޿ડᬺ
㧔ਛዊડᬺߩᄢඨࠍᗐቯ㧕ߪࡍࠗ࡮ࠝࠕ࡮ࡊ࡟ࠗ᧦㗄߆ࠄ఺⽿ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㓹↪ਥ߆ࠄක≮଻㒾߇ឭଏߐࠇߥ޿ਛዊડᬺߩᓥᬺຬ߇
߇‫ޔ‬ૐଔߢ଻㒾ࠍ⾼౉ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔ
ࠆ㧦ක≮଻㒾ࠍឭଏߒߥ޿ਛዊડᬺߩᓥᬺຬߦኻߒߡ‫଻ޟޔ‬㒾ࠛࠢࠬ࠴ࠚࡦࠫ‫ࠍޠ‬ㅢߓߡ‫ޔ‬⾰ߩ㜞޿ૐଔᩰߩ଻㒾ࠍ⋥ធ⾼౉ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬ૐ෼౉ߩ୘ੱ߿ߘߩኅᣖ߳ߪ‫ޔ‬ක≮଻㒾⾼౉ࠍᡰេߔࠆߚ߼ߩࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼೙⵬ഥ㊄㧔sliding scale subsidies㧕ࠍᡰ⛎ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦ‫ޔ‬ක≮଻㒾ળ␠߇‫଻ޔ‬㒾ട౉੍ቯ⠪ߦኻߒߡᣢᓔ∝⏕⹺ߩߚ߼ߦ੐೨ክᩏ㧔screen㧕ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣࠍ⑌ᱛߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺᓥᬺຬߩஜᐽ⁁ᘒ߇ᡷༀߐࠇࠆ㧦ක≮଻㒾ߩ᜛ᄢᡰ⛎㧔expanded coverage㧕ߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬࿖᳃ߩஜᐽ⁁ᘒ߇ᡷༀߒ‫ޔ‬ᰳൕ₸ߩૐਅߣഭ௛↢↥ᕈߩᡷༀ߇ᦼᓙ಴᧪ࠆ‫ߦ․ߪࠇߎޕ‬ਛዊડᬺߩ೑⋉ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬಴ᚲ㧦ᄢ⛔㗔⚻ᷣ⻁໧ᆔຬળ443
߹ߚ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᣉ╷ߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬୘ੱ߇ක≮଻㒾ࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߎߣࠍኈᤃߦߒ‫ޔ‬㓹↪ਥ߇ឭଏߔ
ࠆක≮଻㒾ࠍᄬ߁ߩࠍᕟࠇࠆ޽߹ࠅ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߩ⡯႐ࠍㅌ⡯ߢ߈ߥ޿ߣ޿߁‫ࠢ࠶ࡠ࡮ࡉ࡚ࠫޟ‬㧔job lock㧕‫߇⽎⃻ޠ‬ᛥ೙ߐࠇࠆߎߣ߽ᦼᓙߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ444‫ޕ‬
6.4.3.

㑐ㅪᴺ᩺ࠝࡃࡑ᡽ᮭ⊒⿷ᓟ‫ޔ‬᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߩਅߢ㊄ⲢᏒ႐ߩ࿁ᓳ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩⲢ⾗⁁ᴫ࿁ᓳ╬߇ఝవ⊛ߦㅴ߼ࠄࠇߚ߇‫ޔ‬೨ㅀߩᄢ⛔㗔⚻ᷣ⻁໧ᆔຬળߦࠃࠆ 2 ߟߩႎ๔ᦠ߇⊒⴫ߐࠇߚᤨᦼ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟ߦะߌߚ਄㒮ਔ⼏ળߦ߅ߌࠆേ߈߇ᧄᩰൻߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬443

ᄢ⛔㗔⚻ᷣ⻁໧ᆔຬળ‫ޔ‬ක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟߇ਛዊડᬺߣᓥᬺຬߦਈ߃ࠆ⚻ᷣലᨐ㧔The Economic Effects ofHealth Care Reform on Small Businesses and their Employees㧕㧔p.3㧕Health care reform as envisioned
in current draft legislation would reduce the current burdens on small firms and their workers.ߩ
ㇱಽ‫ޕ‬
444
ᄢ⛔㗔⚻ᷣ⻁໧ᆔຬળ‫ޔ‬ක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟߇ਛዊડᬺߣᓥᬺຬߦਈ߃ࠆ⚻ᷣലᨐ㧔The Economic Effects ofHealth Care Reform on Small Businesses and their Employees㧕㧔p.3㧕Health care reform as envisioned
in current draft legislation would reduce the current burdens on small firms and their workers.ߩ
ㇱಽ‫ޕ‬

98

⼏ળߦ߅ߌࠆ᳃ਥౄ࡮౒๺ౄ㑆ߩ᡹㒐‫ޔ‬᳃ਥౄౝߢߩಽⵚ╬ߩ㒾ߒ޿ክ⼏ⅣႺࠍ⚻ߡ‫ߕ߹ޔ‬ਅ㒮߇ 2009 ᐕ 11 ᦬ 7 ᣣߦ‫☨ޟ‬࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆᚻ㗃ߥࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆᴺ᩺㧔Affordable
Health Care for America Act‫ޔ‬H.R.3962㧕
‫ ࠍޠ‬220 ኻ 215 ߩ௖Ꮕߢㅢㆊߐߖߚ‫ߡ޿⛯ޕ‬਄㒮ߪ‫ޔ‬
ห 12 ᦬ 23 ᣣߦ⼏᩺ࠍᧄળ⼏ណ᳿ߦᜬߜㄟ߻ߚ߼ߩ‫ޟ‬ክ⼏ᛂߜಾࠅേ⼏‫⾥ࠍޠ‬ᚑ 60 ␿ߦࠃࠅ᳿ ⼏ ߒ ‫ ޔ‬⠉ 24 ᣣ ߦ ‫ ޟޔ‬ᖚ ⠪ ߩ ଻ ⼔ ෸ ߮ ౉ ᚻ น ⢻ ߥ ක ≮ ᴺ ᩺ 㧔 Patient Protection and
Affordable Care Act‫ޔ‬H.R.3590㧕‫⾥ࠍޠ‬ᚑ 60 ␿ߢน᳿ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
⴫ 31 ߦ‫ޔ‬ਅ㒮࡮਄㒮ࠍߘࠇߙࠇㅢㆊߒߚᴺ᩺ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߦ㑐ㅪ߇޽ࠆࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍ
߹ߣ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬⴫ 31਄ਅਔ㒮ߦ߅ߌࠆක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟ᴺ᩺Ყセ⴫ࡐࠗࡦ࠻ਅ㒮ᴺ᩺㧔H.R.3962㧕਄㒮ᴺ᩺(H.R.3590)
੹ᓟ 10 ᐕ㑆ߩ੍▚ 1 ళ 500 ం࠼࡞
8,710 ం࠼࡞2019 ᐕ߹ߢߦࠞࡃ࡯ 96%
94%
ߐࠇࠆ 65 ᱦએਅߩ☨࿖Ꮢ᳃෸᳗߮૑⠪੹ᓟ 10 ᐕ㑆ߩ᡽ᐭ⿒1,300 ం࠼࡞⿥
ሼ೥ᷫലᨐ
ᣢᓔ∝

1,300 ం࠼࡞⿥଻㒾ળ␠ߪᣢᓔ∝ߩ᦭ήߦ㑐ࠊࠄ ଻㒾ળ␠ߪᣢᓔ∝ߩ᦭ήߦ㑐ࠊࠄߕ‫ޔ‬Ꮧᦸ⠪ోຬߦ଻㒾ࠍઃਈߖߨ ߕ‫ޔ‬Ꮧᦸ⠪ోຬߦ଻㒾ࠍઃਈߖߨ
߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬⒢ ዉ ౉ ߦࠃ ࠆ⾗ ㊄ Ḯ ᚲᓧ㗵߇ 50 ਁ࠼࡞ࠍ⿥߃ࠆ୘ੱ෸ 㓹↪ਥ߇ᓥᬺຬߦኻߒߡㆊᐲߦ଻
⏕଻
߮ 100 ਁ࠼࡞ࠍ⿥߃ࠆᄦᇚࠍኻ⽎ ⸽ౝኈࠍᚻෘߊߒߚක≮଻㒾ࠍឭߣߒߚᚲᓧ⒢ട▚⒢㧔income tax ଏߒߚ႐ว‫ޔ‬෩ߒ޿‛ຠ⒢surcharge㧕ߩዉ౉‫ޕ‬
㧔Excise tax㧕ࠍ⺖ߔ‫ޕ‬ක≮⾌ߩᛥ೙
㜞㦂⠪ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ౏⊛ක≮೙ᐲ ක≮⾌ᛥ೙ࠍ⋡ᜰߔ‫ࠕࠤࠖ࠺ࡔޟ‬ߢ޽ࠆࡔ࠺ࠖࠤࠕ㧔Medicare㧕ߩ ⁛┙⻁໧ᆔຬળ㧔Medicareࡄࠗࡠ࠶࠻੐ᬺታᣉࠍㅢߓߡᦨㆡ Independent Advisory Board㧕ࠍߩ઀⚵ߺࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆᣇ㊎‫ޕ‬⸳┙ߒ‫ߩࠕࠤࠖ࠺ࡔޔ‬ᡷ㕟ߦ㑐ߔࠆឭ⸒ࠍ╷ቯߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
⵬ഥ㊄ૐᚲᓧ⠪ߪ਄㒮ᴺ᩺ࠃࠅૐଔᩰ࡮ ਅ㒮ᴺ᩺ߦᲧߴࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ਛᚲᓧ⠪ጀ㜞 ຠ ⾰ ߩ ஜ ᐽ ଻ 㒾 ࠍ ᓧ ࠆ ੐ ߇ น ߦኻߔࠆ⵬ഥ㊄߇లታ‫ޕ‬⢻‫ߦ․ޕ‬ૐᚲᓧߦኻߔࠆ଻㒾ᢱ╬
ߩ⵬ഥ㊄ߪ਄㒮ᴺ᩺ࠃࠅᩰᲑߦ⦟
޿߽ߩߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㓹↪ਥߩ⟵ോ
㓹↪ਥߪ଻㒾ᢱߩᄢㇱಽࠍᡰᛄࠊ ᓥᬺຬߦක≮଻㒾ࠍᡰ⛎ߒߥ߆ߞߨ߫ߥࠄߕ‫ᦨޔ‬ૐ଻㒾᳓Ḱࠍḩߚ ߚ႐วߩࡍ࠽࡞࠹ࠖ࡯ߪਅ㒮ᴺ᩺ߔ⟵ോ߇⺖ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥᬺຬߦஜᐽ ࠃࠅ✭߿߆ߢ‫ޔ‬ක≮଻㒾ࠍᜬߟഭ଻㒾ࠍᡰ⛎ߒߥ߆ߞߚ႐วߩࡍ࠽ ௛⠪ᢙ߇ 400 ਁੱᷫዋߔࠆน⢻ᕈ࡞࠹ࠖ࡯ߪ਄㒮ᴺ᩺ࠃࠅ෩ߒ޿‫ޕࠅ޽ ޕ‬2019 ᐕ߹ߢߦஜᐽ଻㒾ࠍᜬߟഭ௛
⠪ᢙ߇ 600 ਁੱჇടߔࠆߣ੍᷹‫ޕ‬99

ක ≮ ଻ 㒾ࠛ ࠢࠬ ࠴ ࠚ ࿖ኅ ଻㒾ࠛࠢࠬ࠴ࠚࡦࠫ㧔න৻㧕 ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ⋙〈ਅߢ‫ޔ‬ฦᎺ߇⁛⥄ߩࡦࠫߩ⸳┙ࠍ⸳┙‫ޕ‬࿖ኅၮḰࠍḩߚߔᎺ᡽ᐭ ࠛࠢࠬ࠴ࠚࡦࠫࠍ⸳┙ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁
߇ࠛࠢࠬ࠴ࠚࡦࠫࠍㆇ༡ߢ߈ࠆࠃߦߔࠆ‫ޕ‬߁ߦߔࠆ‫ޕ‬౏ ⊛ ක ≮଻ 㒾ࡊ ࡜ ࡦ ක≮଻㒾ߦ߅ߌࠆㆬᛯ⢇ࠍჇ߿ߒ‫⊛౏ ޔ‬ක≮଻㒾ࡊ࡜ࡦߩ⸳┙ߪᴺ᩺
ૐଔߢ㜞⾰ߩක≮଻㒾߇࿖᳃ߦଏ⛎ ߦ฽߹ࠇߡ޿ߥ޿
㧔Public Plan㧕ߐࠇࠆⅣႺࠍᢛ஻ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߦ‫⊛౏ޔ‬ක≮଻㒾ࠍ⸳┙ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
಴ᚲ㧦ᴺ᩺ᖱႎߥߤࠍ߽ߣߦ૞ᚑ445
ߥ߅‫☨ޔ‬࿖⼏ળ੍▚ዪ㧔Congressional Budget Office㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬਄࡮ਅ㒮ߩᴺ᩺ࠍ߽ߣߦਛዊ
ડᬺ߳ߩ⒢ប㒰㗵ࠍਅ⸥ߩㅢࠅផ⸘ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺߦኻߔࠆ⒢ប㒰ലᨐߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬਄㒮
ᴺ᩺ߩᣇ߇㜞޿߽ߩߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ੐߇ಽ߆ࠆ‫ޕ‬
⴫ 32
2010

2011
0

2012
0

0

ਅ㒮ᴺ᩺ߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺ߳ߩ⒢ប㒰ലᨐ
2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

40 ం

80 ం

50 ం

20 ం

20 ం

20 ం

㧔න૏㧦࠼࡞㧕
2019
ว⸘
20 ం

250 ం

಴ᚲ㧦⼏ળ੍▚ዪ446
⴫ 33

਄㒮ᴺ᩺ߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺ߳ߩ⒢ប㒰ലᨐ

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

20 ం

40 ం

50 ం

60 ం

50 ం

40 ం

30 ం

30 ం

40 ం

㧔න૏㧦࠼࡞㧕
2019
ว⸘
40 ం

400 ం

಴ᚲ㧦⼏ળ੍▚ዪ447
ਔ㒮ࠍㅢㆊߒߚᴺ᩺ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷৻ᧄൻߦะߌߚ⺞ᢛ૞ᬺ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਔᴺ᩺౒‫ޔ‬ోߡߩ࿖᳃߇ක≮଻㒾ࠍᜬߡࠆ᭽‫଻ޔ‬㒾ળ␠ߦߪᣢᓔ∝ߩ᦭ήߦ㑐ࠊࠄߕᏗᦸ⠪ోຬߦ଻㒾ࠍ
445

਄㒮᩺ోᢥ㧦http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=111_cong_bills&docid=f:h3590eas.txt.pdf㧧ਅ㒮᩺ోᢥ㧦
http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=111_cong_bills&docid=f:h3962pcs.txt.pdf㧧࠾ࡘ࡯࡛࡯ࠢ࠲ࠗࡓ࠭ឝタ⸥੐㧔2009ᐕ 12 ᦬ 26 ᣣ㧕 ̌6JG0GZV5VGRQP*GCNVJ4GHQTO̍
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/27/opinion/27sun1.html?_r=2446
⼏ળ੍▚ዪ㧔Congressional Budget Office㧕߆ࠄਅ㒮⼏ຬ࡚ࠫࡦ࡮࠺ࠖࡦࠥ࡞㧔John D. Dingell‫ࠪࡒޔ‬ࠟࡦᎺㆬ಴㧕ተߡߦ⊒಴ߐࠇߚ H.R. 3962 ߩࠦࠬ࠻㕙ߩಽᨆߦ㑐ߔࠆᦠ◲㧔2009 ᐕ 11 ᦬ 20 ᣣ㧕:
http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/107xx/doc10741/hr3962Revised.pdf (p.8) Table 3 ߩ̌Small Employer Tax
Credits /e̍ㇱಽ‫ޕ‬447
⼏ળ੍▚ዪ߆ࠄࡂ࡝࡯࡮࡝࡯࠼਄㒮⼏ຬ㧔Harry Reid‫࠳ࡃࡀޔ‬Ꮊㆬ಴㧕ተߡߦ⊒಴ߐࠇߚ H.R. 3590 ߩࠦࠬ࠻㕙ߩಽᨆߦ㑐ߔࠆᦠ◲㧔2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 19 ᣣ㧕:
http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/108xx/doc10868/12-19-Reid_Letter_Managers_Correction_Noted.pdf(p. 3) Table 4 ߩ̌Small Employer Tax Credits /e̍ㇱಽ‫ޕ‬100ឭଏߔࠆ੐ࠍ⟵ോઃߌ‫ޔ‬㓹↪ਥߦኻߒߡߪࡍࠗ࡮ࠝࠕ࡮ࡊ࡟ࠗߩේೣࠍ⽾߈‫଻ޔ‬㒾ᢱߩૐᷫࠍ
⋡ᜰߒߡ࿖ኅ଻㒾ࠛࠢࠬ࠴ࠚࡦࠫߩഃ⸳ࠍ⋓ࠅㄟࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਥߥᏅ⇣ߪ‫ޔ‬਄㒮ᴺ᩺ߪᒰೋ੹࿁
ߩᡷ㕟ߩ⋡₹ߣߥࠆߪߕߛߞߚ౏⊛ක≮଻㒾ߩ⸳┙ࠍᴺ᩺ㅢㆊߩߚ߼ߦᦨ⚳⊛ߦ೥㒰ߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬ઍ↪╷ߣ߽ขࠇࠆ⁛┙ᆔຬળߩᒝൻߦࠃࠆක≮⾌ߩᛥ೙╷╬ࠍᛂߜ಴ߒߚὐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ਅ
㒮ᴺ᩺߇ή଻㒾⠪߇଻㒾ࠍ⾼౉ߒ߿ߔߊߔࠆភ⟎ࠍ㊀ⷞߒߡ޿ࠆ৻ᣇ‫ޔ‬਄㒮ᴺ᩺ߪක≮⾌ߩ㜞㛛ࠍᛥ೙ߔࠆࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴߇ᒝൻߐࠇߚ߽ߩߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ448‫ޕ‬ࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕᴺ᩺ߩᚑ┙߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ৻ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬᡽ᮭ⊒⿷ᓟ 1 ᐕ⚻ㆊߒ‫ޔ‬᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᡷ㕟߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺߦ߽㑐ࠊࠄߕ‫☨ޔ‬࿖㓹↪ᖱ൓ߪචಽߥ࿁ᓳࠍ⷗ߖߡ޿ߥ޿ߎߣ߆ࠄ߽‫ޔ‬2010 ᐕ 1 ᦬ߩࠡࡖ࡜࠶ࡊ⺞ᩏߦࠃࠆߣࠝࡃࡑᄢ⛔㗔ߩᡰᜬ₸߇ 50㧑ߦ߹ߢ⪭ߜㄟࠎߢ߅ࠅ449 ‫ߩߘޔ‬᳞ᔃജߩૐ
ਅ߇ෂ߱߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ 13ࠝࡃࡑᄢ⛔㗔ᡰᜬ₸ߩផ⒖಴ᚲ㧦ࠡࡖ࡜࠶ࡊ450߹ߚ‫ޔ‬਄㒮ߩ൓ജ࿑ߦ↢ߓߚᄌൻ߽ක≮ᡷ㕟೙ᐲᴺ᩺ߩⴕᣇࠍභ߁ᄢ߈ߥⷐ⚛ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬2010ᐕ 1 ᦬ 19 ᣣߩࡑࠨ࠴ࡘ࡯࠮࠶࠷Ꮊ਄㒮⵬ᰳㆬ᜼ߦ߅ߌࠆ᳃ਥౄߩᢌർߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬਄㒮ߦ߅ߌࠆ᳃ਥౄߩ቟ቯᄙᢙ㧔㊁ౄߩ⼏੐ᅹኂࠍ㒖ᱛߢ߈ࠆ 60 ⼏Ꮸ㧕߇ᄬࠊࠇߚ੐ߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬2009 ᐕᧃߦਔ㒮ߢߘࠇߙࠇㅢㆊߒߚක≮ᡷ㕟೙ᐲᴺ᩺߇ᑄ᩺ߣߥࠆน⢻ᕈ߹ߢ಴ߡ߈ߚ‫ߩߎޔ߽ߘ߽ߘޕ‬൓ജ࿑ߩᄌൻߪ‫ޔ‬2010 ᐕ⑺ߩ਄㒮ㆬߢ⿠ߎࠆߎߣ߇ෂᗋߐࠇߡ޿ߚ߇‫߇ࠇߘޔ‬೨ୟߒߣߥߞ
ߚߚ߼‫ޔ‬ක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟ࠍផㅴߔࠆࠝࡃࡑ᡽ᮭߣ⼏ળ᳃ਥౄ㒯༡ߦߣߞߡᄢᛂ᠄ߣߥߞߚ‫ࠇߎޕ‬ߪ‫ޔ‬వߛߞߡ⴫᣿ߐࠇߚࡌ࠹࡜ࡦ᦭ജ᳃ਥౄ⼏ຬߩࠢ࡝ࠬ࠻ࡈࠔ࡯࡮࠼࠶࠼㧔Christopher
Dodd‫࠻࠶ࠞ࠴ࡀࠦޔ‬Ꮊㆬ಴㧕෸߮ࡃࠗࡠࡦ࡮࠼࡯ࠟࡦ㧔Byron Dorgan‫࠲ࠦ࠳ࠬ࡯ࡁޔ‬Ꮊㆬ಴㧕

448࠾ࡘ࡯࡛࡯ࠢ࠲ࠗࡓ࠭ឝタ⸥੐㧔2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 26 ᣣ㧕The Next Step on Health Reform:ࠡࡖ࡜࠶ࡊ⺞ᩏ㧦http://www.gallup.com/poll/124949/approval-obama-starts-2010-shaky-spot.aspx
450
ห਄‫ޕ‬
449

101

ߦࠃࠆ 2010 ᐕ 11 ᦬ߩ਄㒮ㆬ߳ߩౣㆬਇ಴㚍451ߦ⛯ߊ∩ᚻߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬એ਄‫ޔ‬ක≮೙ᐲᡷ㕟ᴺ᩺ߩ੹ᓟߩⴕᣇߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᴺ᩺ߔࠅวࠊߖߩ໧㗴ߛߌߢߥߊ‫ࡃࠝޔ‬ࡑᄢ⛔㗔ߩᡰᜬ₸‫ޔ‬਄㒮ߩ൓ജ࿑ߩᄌൻ߇ᄢ߈ߥᓇࠍ⪭ߣߔ߽ߩߣ੍ᗐߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
6.4.4.

ㅪ㇌࡮Ꮊ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕࠦࠬ࠻ߦኻߔࠆ⒢ប㒰ភ⟎ᧄ࠮࡚ࠢࠪࡦߢߪ‫ߦ࠻ࠬࠦࠕࠤࠬ࡞ࡋޔ‬㑐ߔࠆ⒢ប㒰ភ⟎߇⃻࿷ߤߩ⒟ᐲⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠍ
᭎ⷰߔࠆ‫⊛౏ߚߞ޿ߣ࠼ࠗࠤࠖ࠺ࡔ࡮ࠕࠤࠖ࠺ࡔޕ‬ක≮଻㒾ߩㆇ༡߿‫ޔ‬ක≮଻㒾ળ␠ߩ༡ᬺ⸵
นߩᮭ㒢߇Ꮊ᡽ᐭߦ޽ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ᧄޔ‬㗄⋡ߦߟ޿ߡߪઍ⴫⊛ߥᎺ᡽ᐭߩข⚵ߺ߽૬ߖߡ⚫੺ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬߹ߕ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߪ‫ޔ‬⒢ᒁ೨೑⋉ࠍ਄ߍߡ޿ࠆ⥄༡ᬺ⠪ߦኻߔࠆ⥄༡ᬺᚲᓧ㧔selfemployment income㧕߆ࠄߩක≮⾌ប㒰 452 ߣ‫ޔ‬㓹↪⺞ᢛᡰេ㧔 Trade Adjustment Assistance㧦
TAA㧕453 ฃ⛎⠪߹ߚߪ‫ޔ‬ᐕ㊄଻⸽౏␠㧔Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation㧕߆ࠄᐕ㊄ࠍฃ⛎ߒߡ޿ࠆ 55 ᱦએ਄ߩ୘ੱߦኻߒߡ‫଻ޔ‬㒾ᢱߩ 80%ࠍប㒰ߔࠆࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕ⒢ប㒰㧔HealthCare Tax Credit㧦HCTC㧕454ߣ޿߁ 2 ߟߩ⒢ប㒰ភ⟎߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬Ꮊ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߦක≮଻㒾ࠍឭଏߔࠆਛዊડᬺߩ㓹↪ਥ߿ᓥᬺຬߦኻߔࠆ․೎⒢ប㒰ភ⟎߇ᢔ⷗ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
2009 ᐕ 1 ᦬ᤨὐߢ⏕⹺ߐࠇߚో☨ 17 Ꮊߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺ‫⥄ޔ‬༡ᬺߦኻߔࠆ㑐ㅪࠗࡦ࠮ࡦ࠹ࠖ
ࡉߩ଀ࠍ⴫ 34 ߦ߹ߣ߼ߚ455‫ޕ‬
⴫ 34
ࠕ࡜ࡃࡑᎺ

Ꮊߩࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕ㑐ㅪ⒢ប㒰ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ

ਛዊડᬺක≮଻଻㒾ᢱប㒰ᒝൻᴺ
Small Business Health Insurance Premium Deduction Enhancement Act

451ࡢࠪࡦ࠻ࡦࡐࠬ࠻ឝタ⸥੐㧔2010 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 6 ᣣ㧕 ̌%QPPGEVKEWV5GP%JTKUVQRJGT&QFFYQP VUGGMTGGNGEVKQPYKNNTGVKTGCVGPFQHVGTO̍
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/06/AR2010010600023.html
452+45̌2WDNKECVKQP- /CKP%QPVGPV̍
http://www.irs.gov/publications/p502/ar02.html#en_US_publink1000179150; Allabout.com‫̌ ޔ‬5GNH'ORNQ[OGPV*GCNVJ+PUWTCPEG&GFWEVKQP̍
http://taxes.about.com/od/deductionscredits/qt/healthinsurance.htm
453
࡮⾏ᤃ⺞ᢛᡰេ㧔TAA㧕ߪਛዊડᬺߦ․ൻߒߚ᡽╷ߢߪߥߊ‫⾏ޔ‬ᤃߦࠃࠅ⸃㓹߿៊ᄬ╬ᖡᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߚ୘ੱ
߿ડᬺߦኻߒ‫߿ୃ⎇ޔ‬ක≮⾌⵬ഥ╬ߩᡰេࠍⴕ߁ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔಴ᚲ㧦ഭ௛⋭㓹↪⎇ୃዪ㧔U.S. Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration㧕Fact
Sheet: If Imports Cost You Your Job . . . Apply for Trade Adjustment Assistance:
http://www.doleta.gov/programs/factsht/taa.htm㧕
࡮᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߢߪ TAA ฃ⛎ኻ⽎ጀߩ․ߦਛዊડᬺߦ߅ߌࠆ᜛ᄢࠍ࿑ࠆߚ߼ߦනᐕᐲߢ 2 ం 3,000 ਁ࠼࡞ࠍలᒰ
ߔࠆ╬ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔಴ᚲ㧦਄㒮⽷᡽ᆔຬળࡊ࡟ࠬ࡝࡝࡯ࠬ㧔2009 ᐕ 2 ᦬ 26 ᣣ㧕BAUCUS, RANGEL, GRASSLEY, CAMP HAILPASSAGE OF EXPANDED TRADE ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE:
http://finance.senate.gov/press/Bpress/2009press/prb022609a.pdf㧕
454+45̌*GCNVJ%QXGTCIG6CZ%TGFKV̍
http://www.irs.gov/individuals/article/0,,id=109960,00.html
455
ో☨Ꮊ⼏ળ⼏ຬㅪ⋖㧔NCSL: National Conference on State Legislatures㧕‫'̌ ޔ‬ORNQ[GT6CZ
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102ࠕ࡝࠱࠽Ꮊ

ࠦࡠ࡜࠼Ꮊ࡚ࠫ࡯ࠫࠕᎺ

2009 ᐕ 1 ᦬ߦᣉⴕߐࠇߚਛዊડᬺஜᐽ଻㒾ᢱប㒰ᒝൻᴺ㧔Small
Business Health Insurance Premium Deduction Enhancement Act㧕ߩਅߢ㐿ᆎߐࠇߚ⒢ប㒰ភ⟎‫ޕ‬ᓥᬺຬᢙ 25 ฬએਅߩਛዊડᬺߩ㓹↪ਥߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬะߌߩක≮଻㒾ᢱߩ߁ߜ㓹↪ਥ⽶ᜂಽߩ 150%ࠍᎺᚲᓧ⒢߆ࠄប㒰ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬หᤨߦᓥᬺຬ஥߽⛎ਈ 5 ਁ࠼࡞એਅߩ႐วߪ‫⽶ੱᧄޔ‬ᜂಽߩ 150%ࠍᎺᚲᓧ⒢߆ࠄប㒰ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ක≮଻㒾ᢱ⒢ប㒰
Health Insurance Premium Tax Credit
2007 ᐕ 1 ᦬㐿ᆎ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺ߇ᓥᬺຬߦක≮଻㒾ࠍឭଏߔࠆ႐ว‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺ
ຬ 1 ੱ޽ߚࠅ 1,000 ࠼࡞‫ޔ‬ኅᣖ߽଻⸽ኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ႐วߪ‫৻ޔ‬ኅᣖᒰߚࠅ 3,000 ࠼࡞‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬ஜᐽ଻㒾ᢱߩ 50%ߩ߁ߜ‫ޔ‬ૐ޿㊄㗵ಽߩ⒢ប㒰ࠍ⹺߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ប㒰ߩㆡ↪ࠍฃߌࠆ႐ว‫࠽࠱࡝ࠕ ޔ‬Ꮊ⒢ോ⋭㧔Arizona
Department of Revenue㧕ߦࠃࠅ⾗ᩰ⹺ቯ⸽᣿㧔certificate ofeligibility㧕߇⊒ⴕߐࠇߡ߆ࠄ 90 ᣣ㑆એౝߦᓥᬺຬ߳ක≮଻㒾߇ឭଏߐࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬ක≮଻㒾ᡰ಴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⒢ប㒰Credit for Health Benefit Plan Expenses୘ੱߢ᳃㑆ߩක≮଻㒾ࠍ⾼౉ߒߚ႐ว‫ޔ‬ᚲᓧ⒢߆ࠄᦨᄢ 500 ࠼࡞ࠍប㒰ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᒰ⹥⒢ប㒰ኻ⽎⺖⒢ᐕᐲߩ೨ᐕᐲਛߦ‫ޔ‬ዋߒߢ߽ᓥᬺຬ࿅૕
ஜᐽ଻㒾ߦࠃࠅක≮଻㒾߇ᡰ⛎ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚᤨᦼ߇޽ࠅ‫⺞ޔ‬ᢛᓟ✚ᚲᓧ߇‫ޔ‬ᛔ㙃ኅᣖࠍᜬߚߥ޿୘ੱߪᐕ෼ 2 ਁ 5,000 ࠼࡞‫ޔ‬ᛔ㙃ኅᣖࠍᜬߚߥ޿ᄦᇚߪ 3 ਁ࠼࡞‫ޔ‬ᛔ㙃ኅᣖࠍᜬߟ႐วߪ 3 ਁ 5,000 ࠼࡞એౝߩ
߽ߩ߇ኻ⽎ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺ㓹↪ਥߦࠃࠆ㜞㗵఺⽿㧔⥄Ꮖ⽶ᜂ㧕ဳක≮଻㒾㧔HDHP㧕
㧕ߦኻ
ߔࠆ⒢ប㒰
Credit for Small Employer High-Deductible Health Plans
HDHP ࠍᡰ⛎ߔࠆਛዊડᬺ㧔ᓥᬺຬᢙ 1㨪50 ฬ㧕੐ᬺਥߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ട౉ᓥ
ᬺຬ 1 ฬ޽ߚࠅᐕ㗵 250 ࠼࡞ࠍ⒢ប㒰ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥᬺຬߪ 12 ࡩ᦬㑆ㅪ⛯ߒߡ଻㒾ߦട౉ߒߡ޿ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬2009 ᐕࠃࠅታᣉ‫ޕ‬ࠕࠗ࠳ࡎᎺࠗࡦ࠺ࠖࠕ࠽Ꮊ

㓹↪ਥᡰ⛎ߦࠃࠆක≮଻㒾ߦኻߔࠆ⒢ប㒰Credit for Empl
loyer-pprovided health insuranceᣂⷙ㓹↪ᢙ߇ߘࠇએ೨ߩᢙᐕ㑆ߩᐔဋ㓹↪ᢙࠍ਄࿁ࠆ㓹↪ਥߦኻߒߡ⒢ប㒰ࠍઃਈߔࠆ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬ᐔဋᐕ㑆ᤨ⛎ 15.50 ࠼࡞ߩᣂⷙᓥᬺຬߦ
㓹↪ਥ߇்ኂ଻㒾߿ක≮଻㒾ࠍឭଏߒߚ႐ว‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬ 1 ੱ޽ߚࠅ1,000 ࠼࡞ߩ⒢ប㒰ࠍઃਈߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㓹↪ਥᡰ⛎ߦࠃࠆᣂⷙක≮଻㒾ߦኻߔࠆ⒢ប㒰Credit for new employer--provided health insurance

103A) ࠞࡈࠚ࠹࡝ࠕ࡮ࡊ࡜ࡦ㧔Cafeteria Plans㧕㧦ᓥᬺຬ߳଻㒾ࠍឭଏߒߚ႐ว‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬ 1 ੱᒰߚࠅ 50 ࠼࡞‫ޔ‬ᐕ㑆 250 ࠼࡞ࠍ਄㒢ߣߒߡ⒢ប㒰ࠍ⹺߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ડᬺߩⷙᮨߦ㑐ߔࠆ೙㒢ߥߒ‫ޕ‬⒢ប㒰↳⺧೨ߩ 1 ᐕ㑆‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߦኻߒߡක≮଻㒾ࠍᡰ⛎ߒߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ㓹↪ਥ߇‫ޔ‬ㅳഭ௛ᤨ㑆߇30 ᤨ㑆એ਄ߩᓥᬺຬߣߘߩᛔ㙃ኅᣖߦක≮଻㒾ࠍᡰ⛎ߒߚ႐วߩߺ‫ޔ‬⒢ប㒰߇ㆡ↪ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬2007 ᐕࠃࠅ㐿ᆎ‫ޕ‬B) ਛዊડᬺஜᐽ⒢ប㒰ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔Small Employer Wellness Tax
Credit Program㧕㧦ᓥᬺຬ 2㨪100 ฬࠍᛴ߃ࠆ㓹↪ਥߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ၮḰࠍḩߚߔஜᐽࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍᓥᬺຬߦឭଏߒߚ႐ว‫ ߩ↪⾌ߚߒ↢⊒ޔ‬50%⋧
ᒰߩ⒢ប㒰ࠍઃਈߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠞࡦࠩࠬᎺਛዊડᬺ㓹↪ਥක≮଻㒾⒢ប㒰Small Employer Health Benefit Plans (Health Insurance) Credit
2004 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 31 ᣣએ㒠ߦ‫ޔ‬ᣂⷙߦᓥᬺຬ߳ක≮଻㒾ࠍឭଏߒߚ߆‫޽ޔ‬ࠆ޿ߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߩක≮⾂⫾ญᐳ㧔HSA: Health Savings Account㧕ߦ⾗㊄᜚಴ߒߚ㓹↪ਥ߇ኻ⽎‫ޕ‬⒢ប㒰ࠍ↳⺧ߒߚ⋥ㄭ 2 ᐕ㑆ߦᓥᬺຬ߳ක
≮଻㒾ᢱ߹ߚߪක≮⾂⫾ญᐳߦ⾗㊄᜚಴ߒߚ੐߇ߥ޿㓹↪ਥߦ㒢ࠆ‫ޕ‬ប㒰ኻ⽎ߣߥࠆᓥᬺຬߪㅳ޽ߚࠅߩഭ௛ᤨ㑆߇ 30 ᤨ㑆એ਄ߢ޽ࠆ੐߇
᧦ઙߢ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬ 1 ੱ޽ߚࠅ᦬㗵 70 ࠼࡞߇ប㒰ኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠤࡦ࠲࠶ࠠ࡯Ꮊ

⚊⒢⠪㕖⺖⒢Taxpayer exclusionᴺੱએᄖߩ⚊⒢⠪߇‫⺖ޔ‬⒢ᐕᐲਛߦᧄੱ‫ޔ‬㈩஧⠪‫ޔ‬ᛔ㙃ኅᣖߩߚ߼ߦ
ක≮଻㒾ᢱࠍ⽶ᜂߒߚ႐ว‫଻ޔ‬㒾ᢱߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ㗵ࠍ⏕ቯ↳๔ౝߩ㓙ߩ෼౉߆ࠄ㒰ᄖߢ߈ࠆ㧔ㅢᏱߢ޽ࠇ߫ක≮଻㒾ᢱᏅߒᒁ߈೨ߩ㗵ߢ⒢㊄▚಴߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆ㧕‫ޕ‬ࡔࠗࡦᎺਛዊડᬺ㓹↪ਥක≮଻㒾
Small employer health planᓥᬺຬᢙ߇ 5 ฬએਅߩਛዊડᬺ߇ᓥᬺຬߩᛔ㙃ኅᣖߦක≮଻㒾ࠍឭଏߔࠆ႐ว‫ޔ‬Ԙᛔ㙃⠪ක≮଻㒾ߩ 20%‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬ԙᛔ㙃⠪ߩ଻㒾ᢱࠍᡰᛄ߁ૐᚲᓧᓥᬺຬ㧔1 ㅳ㑆޽ߚࠅߩഭ௛ᤨ㑆߇ 30 ᤨ㑆એ਄‫ ߪߚ߹ޔ‬1 ᐕ㑆޽ߚࠅ 1,000 ᤨ㑆એ਄߇᧦ઙ㧕1 ੱ޽ߚࠅᐕ㑆 125 ࠼࡞‫ߜ߁ߩޔ‬ૐ޿㊄㗵ࠍ⒢ប㒰ኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㓹↪ਥߦࠃࠆ⽶ᜂ㗵㧔contribution㧕ⷐઙ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬2001 ᐕࠃࠅታᣉ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺක≮଻㒾⒢ប㒰Credit for Small Business Health Insurance࿅૕ක≮଻㒾㧔group health insurance㧕⾌↪ࠍ⽶ᜂߔࠆਛዊડᬺߦ
ᴺੱᚲᓧ⒢ប㒰ࠍ⹺߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ꮊ᡽ᐭ߇⸳⟎ߒߚਛዊડᬺක≮଻㒾ၮ㊄㧔small business health insurance pool‫ޔ‬ᓟឝ㧕߆ࠄߩක≮଻㒾ᢱ⵬ഥࠍฃߌขߞߡ޿ߥ޿㓹↪ਥߪ‫ޔ‬Ფ᦬ᓥᬺຬ෸߮ߘߩ㈩஧⠪ 1 ੱᒰߚࠅฦ 100 ࠼࡞‫ޔ‬㈩஧⠪ࠍ㒰޿ߚᛔ㙃ኅᣖ 2 ฬ߹ߢߦߟ޿ߡ 1 ੱᒰߚࠅ 40 ࠼࡞ࠍ਄㒢ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬⒢ប㒰ࠍ↳⺧ߔࠆ੐߇಴᧪ࠆ‫ޕ‬2005 ᐕᐲ߆ࠄ㐿ᆎ‫ޕ‬
଻㒾ᢱߩ⚊⒢⠪㕖⺖⒢Taxpayer Exclusion for health premiums

ࡕࡦ࠲࠽Ꮊ

ࡒࠪࠟࡦᎺ

104

்ኂ଻㒾㧔accident insurance㧕߹ߚߪஜᐽ଻㒾ߩട౉⠪ߪ‫⺖ޔ‬⒢ᐕ
ᐲਛߩᛔ㙃ኅᣖߩ଻㒾⽶ᜂ㗵㧔㓹↪ਥ⽶ᜂಽߪ㒰ߊ㧕ࠍᚲᓧ߆ࠄប㒰಴᧪ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ࡒ࠭࡯࡝Ꮊ⥄༡ᬺ⠪ኻ⽎ߩක≮଻଻㒾⒢ប㒰Self-Employed Health Insurance Tax Creditㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߪ‫ޔ‬⒢ᒁ೨೑⋉ࠍ਄ߍߡ޿ࠆ⥄༡ᬺ⠪ߦኻߒߡ‫⥄ޔ‬༡ᬺᚲᓧ㧔self-employment income㧕߆ࠄߩක≮⾌ប㒰ࠍ⹺߼ߡ޿ࠆ߇456‫⚐ޔ‬៊ᄬࠍ಴ߒߡ޿ࠆߥߤߩℂ↱ߢㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߩක≮⾌⒢ប㒰ߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠄߥ޿⥄༡ᬺ⚊⒢⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬ක≮଻㒾ߦᡰᛄߞߚ㊄㗵ࠍ୘ੱᚲᓧ⒢߆ࠄប㒰಴᧪ࠆ‫ޕ‬2007 ᐕ 8 ᦬ࠃࠅ㐿ᆎ‫ޕ‬ࡁ࡯ࠬࠞࡠ࡜ࠗ࠽Ꮊ ਛዊડᬺක≮଻㒾
Small Business Health Insurance
2007࡮2008 ⺖⒢ᐕᐲ߇ኻ⽎‫ޕ‬ᓥᬺຬᢙ 26 ฬએਅߢ‫ߩߡోޔ‬ᓥᬺຬ߳ක≮଻㒾ࠍᡰ⛎ߔࠆਛዊડᬺߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬Ꮊᴺੱ⒢‫ޔ‬୘ੱᚲᓧ⒢‫ߚ߹ޔ‬
ߪᴺੱࡈ࡜ࡦ࠴ࡖࠗ࠭⒢߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ක≮଻㒾ᢱ⋧ᒰߩប㒰ࠍ⹺߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࡁ࡯ࠬࠞࡠ࡜ࠗ࠽Ꮊ ක≮଻㒾ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆࠗࡦ࠮ࡦ࠹ࠖࡉ⸘↹෸߮㑆ធ੐ᬺ⒢ប㒰 Incentive
plans & Featured Indirect business credit tied to healthinsurance coverageᣂⷙ㓹↪‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬ⎇ୃ‫⸳ޔ‬஻ᛩ⾗‫ޔ‬ਇേ↥ᛩ⾗╬ࠍⴕߞߚਛዊડᬺࠍኻ⽎
ߦ⒢ប㒰ࠍઃਈߔࠆ‫ࠄࠇߘޕ‬ប㒰ኻ⽎੐↱ߦଥࠆᓥᬺຬߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ක≮଻㒾߇ឭଏߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ੐߇᧦ઙ‫ޕ‬ࠝࠢ࡜ࡎࡑᎺ

ၮ␆ක≮଻㒾ߦ㑐ߔࠆ㓹↪ਥኻ⽎ߩᎺ⒢ប㒰State Tax Credit for Employers in Basic Health Plan
Ꮊ߇⹺นߒߚၮ␆ක≮଻㒾ߦᓥᬺຬࠍട౉ߐߖߚ႐ว‫଻ޔ‬㒾ᢱߩ㓹↪
ਥ⽶ᜂ㗵ߦኻߒߡ⒢ប㒰ࠍઃਈߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥᬺຬ৻ੱᒰߚࠅᲤ᦬ 15 ࠼࡞ࠍ
2 ᐕ㑆ߦᷰࠅប㒰ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠨ࠙ࠬࠞࡠ࡜ࠗ࠽Ꮊ ⥄༡ᬺ୘ੱߦኻߔࠆᎺ⒢ប㒰State tax credit for individuals self--employedࡒ࠭࡯࡝Ꮊߣห᭽ߦ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߦࠃࠆ⥄༡ᬺᚲᓧ߆ࠄߩක≮⾌ប㒰߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ⥄༡ᬺ⠪ߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ක≮଻㒾ᢱࠍ‫ޔ‬Ꮊߩ⺖⒢ኻ⽎ᚲᓧ߆ࠄប㒰‫ޕ‬࡙࠲Ꮊ࠙ࠖࠬࠦࡦࠪࡦᎺ

㓹↪ਥක≮଻㒾ប㒰Credit for Providing Employee Health Insuranceࠛࡦ࠲࡯ࡊ࡜ࠗ࠭࡮࠱࡯ࡦ㧔enterprise zone㧕ߦᚲ࿷ߔࠆᴺੱߩᓥᬺຬ߳ߩஜᐽ଻㒾ᡰ⛎㗵ࠍ‫ޔ‬㕖ㆶઃဳߩ⒢ប㒰㧔nonrefundable
credit㧕ኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㔚᳇࡮ࠟࠬ࡮᳓㆏╬ߩ౏⋉੐ᬺ߿ዊᄁᬺ‫ޔ‬ᑪ⸳ᬺߪኻ⽎ᄖ‫ޕ‬㧔ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓฬߪߥߒ㧕

456+45̌2WDNKECVKQP- /CKP%QPVGPV̍
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http://taxes.about.com/od/deductionscredits/qt/healthinsurance.htm

105ᓥᬺຬߣ㓹↪ਥ߇ߘࠇߙࠇ৻ㇱ⽶ᜂߔࠆක≮଻㒾ᢱߦߟ޿ߡប㒰ࠍ⹺߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬2008 ᐕߦߪ 10%‫ޔ‬2009 ᐕߦߪ 25%‫ޔ‬2010 ᐕߦߪ 45%‫ޔ‬2011 ᐕએ㒠ߦߪ 100%ߣᲑ㓏⊛ߦប㒰₸ࠍᒁ߈਄ߍࠆ‫ޕ‬಴ᚲ㧦ో☨Ꮊ⼏ળ⼏ຬㅪ⋖457
6.4.5.

Ꮊ᡽ᐭߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺะߌ଻㒾ᢱ⵬ഥᎺ᡽ᐭߦࠃࠆࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕࠦࠬ࠻ᡰេߩขࠅ⚵ߺߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡ‫଻ޔ‬㒾ᢱ⵬ഥߩ㕙ߢ߽ਛዊડᬺ
ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ߽ߩ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫଻ߩߎޕ‬㒾ᢱ⵬ഥࠍⴕ߁Ꮊ᡽ᐭߪ‫ޔ‬ታᣉℂ↱ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬Ԙᄙߊߩૐ
ᚲᓧ⠪ߪ㓹↪ਥ߇଻㒾ᢱߩᄢㇱಽࠍ⽶ᜂߔࠆ଻㒾ߩฃ㗔⾗ᩰ߇޽ࠆ߽ߩߩ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬᧄੱߦ⽶ᜂ
㗵㧔employee contribution㧕ߩᡰᛄ޿⢻ജ߇ߥ޿੐‫ޔ‬ԙᎺ᡽ᐭߩ଻㒾ᢱ⵬ഥߪ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⼏ળߦ߅޿ߡዉ౉߇ᬌ⸛ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ࿖᳃ක≮଻㒾೙ᐲ㧔public plan㧕߇ታᣉߐࠇߚ႐วߦ᳃㑆଻㒾߆ࠄߩ㘈ቴߩᄢ㊂ᵹ಴ࠍ㒐ᱛߒ‫ޔ‬᳃㑆଻㒾Ꮢ႐ߩ቟ቯൻߦ⾗ߔࠆ੐‫ޔ‬Ԛ࿖᳃ක≮଻㒾೙ᐲࠃࠅ߽‫ޔ‬Ꮊ᡽ᐭߦࠃࠆ଻㒾ᢱ⵬ഥ╷ߩᣇ߇౏౒ߩ⾗㊄ࠍࠃࠅലᨐ⊛ߦ૶߁੐߇಴᧪ࠆ‫ߚߞ޿ߣޔ‬ὐࠍ᜼ߍߡ޿ࠆ458‫ ⴫ޕ‬35 ߦᎺ᡽ᐭߦࠃࠆઍ⴫⊛ߥਛዊડᬺะߌ଻㒾ᢱ⵬ഥࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍ᜼ߍࠆ‫ޕ‬⴫ 35ࠕ࡯ࠞࡦ࠰࡯Ꮊ

ࠕࠗ࠳ࡎᎺࠤࡦ࠲࠶ࠠ࡯Ꮊ

ࡔࠗࡦᎺᎺ᡽ᐭߦࠃࠆਛዊડᬺะߌ଻㒾ᢱ⵬ഥࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ

ARHealthNetworks⋥ㄭ 12 ࡩ᦬㑆‫ޔ‬࿅૕ක≮଻㒾㧔group health plan㧕ࠍᡰ⛎ߒߡߥ޿ਛዊડᬺ㧔ᓥᬺຬᢙ 2㨪500 ฬ㧕ߦൕോߒ‫ޔ‬෼౉߇ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ
⽺࿎࡟ࡌ࡞㧔federal poverty Level㧦FPL㧕200%એਅߩᓥᬺຬࠍ
ኻ⽎ߦ‫ޔ‬ක≮଻㒾ᢱࠍ৻ቯ㗵⵬ഥߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥᬺຬߩ㈩஧⠪߽ᡰ⛎ኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ႐ว߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬Access to Health Insuranceᓥᬺຬߦක≮଻㒾ࠍᡰ⛎ߒߥ޿ਛዊડᬺ㧔ᓥᬺຬᢙ 2㨪50 ฬ㧕ߦൕോߒ‫ޔ‬FPL185%એਅߩૐ෼౉ߩᚑੱࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ଻㒾ᢱᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫ޕ‬㓹↪ਥߩ଻㒾ᢱ⽶ᜂ㗵ߪ 50%‫ޔ‬Ꮊߦࠃࠆ⽶ᜂ㗵ߪᓥᬺ
ຬ 1 ੱߣߘߩ㈩஧⠪‫ޔ‬෸߮ሶଏᦨᄢ 3 ੱ߹ߢ 1 ࠞ᦬ᒰߚࠅ 1 ੱ
100 ࠼࡞‫ޔ‬ਇ⿷ಽߪᓥᬺຬᧄੱߩ⽶ᜂߣߥࠆ‫ోࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊޕ‬૕ߩ
ቯຬߪ 1,000 ੱ‫ޕ‬
Insurance Coverage, Affordability and Relief to Small
Employers㧔I
ICARE㧕
⋥ㄭ 12 ࡩ᦬㑆ᓥᬺຬߦ଻㒾ࠍឭଏߒߡ߅ࠄߕ‫ߟ߆ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߩᐔ
ဋ⛎ਈ߇ FPL ߩ 300%એਅߩਛዊડᬺ㧔ᓥᬺຬᢙ 2㨪25 ฬ㧕ߩ㓹↪ਥࠍ⵬ഥኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㓹↪ਥߪዋߥߊߣ߽଻㒾ᢱߩ 50㧑ࠍ⽶ᜂߒ‫ޔ‬Ꮊ߇ᓥᬺຬ 1 ฬ޽ߚࠅᲤ᦬ 40㨪60 ࠼࡞ࠍ⽶ᜂߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
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458

106

ࡔ࡝࡯࡜ࡦ࠼Ꮊ

ਛዊડᬺ㧔ᓥᬺຬᢙ 2㨪25 ฬ㧕‫⥄ޔ‬༡ᬺ╬ߦ‫ޔ‬Ꮊ᡽ᐭ߇ᓟេߔࠆ
ක≮଻㒾ࠍૐଔߢឭଏߔࠆ‫଻ߩߎޕ‬㒾ߦട౉ߔࠆߦߪ㓹↪ਥ߇ක≮଻㒾ᢱߩ 6 ഀએ਄ࠍ⽶ᜂߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬Working Families and Small Business Health Coverage Actਛዊડᬺ㧔ᓥᬺຬᢙ߇ 2㨪9 ฬ㧕ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒ‫଻ޔ‬㒾ᢱߩᦨᄢ 50%ࠍ⵬ഥߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫࠼ࠗࠤࠖ࠺ࡔޔ‬㧔Medicaid㧕ߩฃ⛎ኻ⽎ࠍ৻ㇱ᜛ᄢߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ࡑࠨ࠴ࡘ࡯࠮࠶࠷Ꮊ

Insurance Partnership⋥ㄭ 6 ࡩ᦬㑆‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߦኻߒߡක≮଻㒾ࠍᡰ⛎ߒߥ߆ߞߚਛዊડ
ᬺ㧔ᓥᬺຬᢙ 2㨪50 ฬ㧕ߩ㓹↪ਥ߇ᓥᬺຬ߳଻㒾ࠍឭଏߔࠆ႐
ว‫଻ޔ‬㒾ᢱߩ㓹↪⠪⽶ᜂಽ߇ 50%ࠍ⿥߃ࠆߎߣࠍ᧦ઙߦᎺ᡽ᐭ߇
ක≮଻㒾ᢱࠍ⵬ഥߔࠆ‫⛎ޕ‬ਈ߇ FPL ߩ 300㧑ࠍਅ࿁ࠆᓥᬺຬ߇ 1ੱએ਄޿ࠆߎߣ߽᧦ઙ‫ޕ‬ࡕࡦ࠲࠽ᎺInsure Montanaਛዊડᬺ㧔ᓥᬺຬᢙ 2㨪9 ฬ㧕ࠍኻ⽎ߦ‫ޔ‬ᣢߦᓥᬺຬߦኻߒߡක
≮଻㒾ࠍឭଏߒߡ޿ࠆડᬺߦኻߒߡߪ⒢㗵ប㒰‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߦක≮଻㒾ࠍឭଏߒߡ޿ߥ޿ડᬺߦኻߒߡߪ‫଻ޔ‬㒾ᢱߩ৻ㇱࠍ⵬ഥߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥᬺຬ৻ੱᒰߚࠅߩᐔဋ⛎ਈ߇ 7 ਁ 5,000 ࠼࡞એਅߢ޽ࠆ੐߽᧦
ઙ‫ࠦࡃ࠲ޕ‬⒢ၮ㊄㧔tobacco tax funds㧦࠲ࡃࠦ⒢෼౉ࠍၮߦߒ
ߡഃ⸳ߐࠇߚ․೎ၮ㊄㧕ࠍ⽷Ḯߦߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࠾ࡘ࡯ࡔࠠࠪࠦᎺ
State Coverage Insurance㧔S
SCI㧕࠾ࡘ࡯ࡔࠠࠪࠦᎺ࿷૑ߩഭ௛⠪ߦක≮଻㒾ࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߦ⸳┙ߐࠇߚࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫ޕ‬หᎺߢ੐ᬺࠍⴕߥ߁ਛዊડᬺ㧔ᓥᬺຬ
ᢙ 50 ฬએਅ㧕ߪ SCI ߇ឭଏߔࠆක≮଻㒾ߦട౉ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬㓹↪ਥ
ߪᲤ᦬ 75 ࠼࡞‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߪ෼౉ߦᔕߓߡ 35 ࠼࡞એౝߩ଻㒾ᢱࠍᡰᛄ߁㧔㓹↪ਥ߇ᓥᬺຬߩಽ߽ᡰᛄ߁ߎߣߪน⢻㧕459‫ޕ‬ࠝࠢ࡜ࡎࡑᎺ
Insure Oklahomaਛዊડᬺ㧔ᓥᬺຬᢙ 2㨪99 ฬ㧕ߦൕോߔࠆ‫ޔ‬FPL ߩ 200%એౝߩᚑੱߦ଻㒾ᢱᡰេࠍⴕ߁‫⃻ޕ‬࿷‫ޔ‬ኻ⽎ࠍ FPL250%એౝ߳ᒁ߈਄ߍࠆ
ߚ߼‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߩᛚ⹺ᓙߜ‫ޕ‬಴ᚲ㧦ో☨Ꮊ⼏ળ⼏ຬㅪ⋖460

459

State Coverage Insurance. http://www.insurenewmexico.state.nm.us/SCISummaryofBenefits.htm
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460

107

╙7┨

ਛዊડᬺߩᵴべߔࠆᏒ႐ߣᚑഞ੐଀

7.1. ☨࿖ਛዊડᬺ߇ᵴべߔࠆᏒ႐ߩേะ
☨࿖⚻ᷣߩૐㅅ߇⛯ߊ৻ᣇߢ‫ߩࠬࡆ࡯ࠨߥࠢ࡯࠾࡙ޔ‬ឭଏ߿࠾࠶࠴ߥಽ㊁߳ߩㅴ಴‫ޔߡߒߘޔ‬ఝࠇߚᛛⴚߩ೑↪ߦࠃࠅᚑ㐳ࠍㆀߍࠆਛዊડᬺ߇ᢙᄙߊ⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫ ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔߦ․ޕ‬IT‫ࡃޔ‬ࠗࠝ‫࡯ࡖ࠴ࡦࡌߚߞ޿ߣࡁ࠽ޔ‬ડᬺ߇‧ᒁߒߡ߈ߚ↥ᬺߛߌߢߥߊ‫ࡑࡃࠝޔ‬᡽ᮭ߇㊀ὐ↥ᬺಽ㊁ߣߒߡᝒ߃ࠆⅣႺ࡮ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯߿ࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕߩಽ㊁‫ߡߒߘޔ‬ቝቮ↥ᬺߣ޿ߞߚࡂࠗ࠹ࠢ⵾ㅧ
ᬺ㑐ㅪߦ߅޿ߡਛዊ࡮ࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯ડᬺߩบ㗡ߪ⋡ⷡߒߊ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟ߽ਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆᄢ߈ߥᵴべ߇ᦼᓙߢ߈ࠆಽ㊁ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬߹ߕ‫ޔ‬ⅣႺ࡮ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ࡑࡃࠝޔ‬᡽ᮭ߇ࠣ࡝࡯ࡦ㓹↪(green job)ࠍផㅴߔࠆᣇ
㊎ࠍᛂߜ಴ߒߚߎߣ‫ޔߚ߹ޔ‬᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺ߆ࠄⅣႺ଻⼔ᐡߦ 72 ం 2,000 ਁ࠼࡞461‫࡯ࠡ࡞ࡀࠛޔ‬⋭ߦ 367 ం࠼࡞462ߣ޿ߞߚᄢဳ੍▚ߩలᒰ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߦኻߔࠆㅪ㇌⺞㆐ᯏળߩ᜛ᄢ߇‫ޔ‬᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߩ᜚಴ᦼ㒢ߣߥࠆ 2010 ᐕᐲᧃ㧔2010 ᐕ 9 ᦬ᧃ㧕߹ߢ⛯ߊߎߣ߇ᦼᓙߐࠇ
ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߐࠄߦࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬2009 ᐕ 2 ᦬ߦᚑ┙ߒߚ‫ࠢ࠹ࠗࡂޟ‬ᴺ㧔Health Information
Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act㧕‫ޠ‬463 ߩਅ‫ޔ‬ක≮ᚻ⛯߈ߩ◲ଢൻ࡮ㄦㅦൻ‫ޔ‬෸߮‫ޔ‬ක≮଻㒾ߦኻߔࠆක⠪߿ᖚ⠪ߦࠃࠆਇᱜ⺧᳞ߩ㒐ᱛߥߤߦะߌߡ‫ޔ‬㔚ሶࠞ࡞࠹㧔EHR: Electronic Health Records㧕ߩో࿖ዉ౉ߣ޿߁৻ᄢ੐ᬺߩታᣉ߇⸘↹ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᧄᴺߩਛᔃߪ‫ޔ‬㔚ሶࠞ࡞࠹ࠍዉ౉ߔࠆකᏧ࡮∛㒮߳ߩࠗࡦ࠮ࡦ࠹ࠖࡉߩឭଏߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬㔚ሶࠞ࡞࠹ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ㔚ሶක≮ᖱႎࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ߿࠺ࡃࠗࠬಽ㊁ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩෳ౉ᯏળߪ
ᄢ߈޿߽ߩߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߘߩઁ‫ޔ‬ቝቮ↥ᬺߢߪ‫ࡑࡃࠝޔ‬᡽ᮭ߇ 2010 ᐕ 2 ᦬ߦ‫ޔ‬ૐ゠㆏㧔Low Earth Orbit㧦LEO㧕߳ߩ᦭ੱ࡮ήੱᛂߜ਄ߍߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬᳃㑆ડᬺ߳ߩᆔ⸤ࠍ੹ᓟⓍᭂ⊛ߦㅴ߼ࠆߎߣࠍ⊒⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⚿ߩߎޕ‬ᨐ‫ߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬㒐ⴡ࡮⥶ⓨቝቮᬺ⇇ߢ᡽ᐭ⺞㆐ߩᄢㇱಽࠍฃߌߡ߈ߚࡏ࡯ࠗࡦࠣ␠
㧔 Boeing 㧕‫ ␠ ࡦ ࠴ ࡯ࡑ ࡮ ࠼ ࡯ ࠠ࠶ ࡠ ޔ‬㧔 Lockheed Martin 㧕‫␠ ࠬ ࡦ ࠛࠗ ࠨ ࡮ ࡞ ࠲ ࡆ࡯ ࠝ ޔ‬
㧔Orbital Sciences Corporation㧕ߣ޿ߞߚᄢડᬺߛߌߢߥߊ‫ ࠬ࡯ࡍࠬޔ‬X ␠㧔SpaceX㧕߿‫ޔ‬ࠕ࡞ࡑࠫࡠ࡮ࠛࠕࡠࠬࡍ࡯ࠬ␠㧔Armadillo Aerospace㧕ߥߤߣ޿ߞߚ⥶ⓨቝቮࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯߇
ᣢߦ⁛⥄ߩࡠࠤ࠶࠻߿㘧⠍૕ߩ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ߅ࠅ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟ‫ޔ‬NASA ߆ࠄߩ⾗㊄ᡰេ෸߮⺞㆐ᯏળߩ᜛ᄢ߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆߎߣߢ‫ޔߦࠄߐޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ࡮ࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯ડᬺ߇ቝቮ↥ᬺᏒ႐ߦ߅ߌ
ࠆࠪࠚࠕࠍિ߫ߒߡ޿ߊߎߣ߇ᦼᓙߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

461

ⅣႺ଻⼔ᐡ‫ޔ‬᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺ㑐ㅪ⾗ᢱ㧔2009 ᐕ 5 ᦬ 15 ᣣ㧕̌#merican Recovry and Reinvestment Act of2009 Environmental Protection Agency Recovery Act Plan: A Strong Economy and a Clean
Environment̍:
http://www.epa.gov/recovery/plans/EPA.pdf㧔p.1㧕
462
ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯⋭‫ޔ‬᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺ㑐ㅪࡍ࡯ࠫ㧦http://www.energy.gov/recovery/index.htm
463
᳃㑆ஜᐽ଻㒾ળ␠ߢ޽ࠆࠛ࠻࠽ࡋ࡞ࠬ㧔athenahealth, Inc.㧕ߦࠃࠆ⾗ᢱ㧔2009 ᐕ 3 ᦬㧕̌#5WOOCT[QHthe HITECH Act Whitepaper̍:
http://www.athenahealth.com/_doc/pdf/HITECH_Fact_Sheet_Whitepaper.pdf

108․ߦ᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߢߪ☨࿖ડᬺߦ߅ߌࠆ㓹↪ᯏળߩ᜛ᄢࠍ⋡ᜰߒ‫⺞ޔ‬㆐ᯏળ߿ࠗࡦ࠮ࡦ࠹ࠖࡉ
ߩឭଏ߇᭽‫ߥޘ‬ಽ㊁ߢⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬2009 ᐕ 9 ᦬ 4 ᣣߩ໡ോ⋭ߩ⊒⴫ߦࠃࠆߣ‫ޔ‬᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺߦࠃࠆᣂߚߥㅪ㇌⺞㆐ᯏળߩౝ 25 ం࠼࡞‫✚ޔ‬㗵ߩ 23.1%߇ਛዊડᬺߦ᜚಴ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ޿
߁464‫ࡑࡃࠝޕ‬᡽ᮭߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺࠍ㓹↪߿ࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦഃ಴ߩ㎛ߣߒߡᝒ߃ߡ߅ࠅ‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣૐㅅ߆ࠄ⣕಴ߔࠆߚ߼ߦਛዊડᬺ࡮ࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯ડᬺࠍᡰេߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆߣߺߥߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬੐ታ‫ޔ‬1990㨪1991 ᐕ‫ޔ‬2000㨪2001 ᐕߩ☨࿖⚻ᷣૐㅅᦼߩᓟ‫ޔ‬3 ᐕ㑆ߦᷰߞߡ⷗ࠄࠇߚ㓹↪࿁ᓳߩ߶ߣࠎߤߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬ 20 ੱએਅߩਛዊડᬺߦ߅ߌࠆ㓹↪ߩჇടߦࠃߞߡ㆐ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ465‫ޕ‬ߎߩߚ߼‫ࡑࡃࠝޔ‬᡽ᮭߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫ޔ‬ᣧ޿Ბ㓏ߢߩ᥊᳇࿁ᓳࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߦ߽‫․ޔ‬ቯߩᛛⴚ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ߦኻߔࠆ⵬ഥ㊄ߣ޿ߞߚ⋥ធ⊛ߥ⾗㊄ᛩ౉ߛߌߢߥߊ‫ޔ‬⒢೙‫ޔ‬ක≮‫᧚ੱޔ‬⢒ᚑߣ޿ߞߚ
᭽‫ࠍࡓ࠭࠾ࠞࡔߥޘ‬ㅢߓߚਛዊડᬺᡰេࠍᚻෘߊⴕ߁ߎߣࠍ⻭ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᡰេࠍㅢߓ
ߡ‫ޔ‬೨ㅀߒߚⅣႺ࡮ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯‫ޔࠬ࡞ࡋޔ‬ቝቮߣ޿ߞߚᚑ㐳ಽ㊁ࠍਛᔃߦ‫ޔ‬᭽‫↥ߥޘ‬ᬺಽ㊁ߦ
߅޿ߡਛዊડᬺߦ߅ߌࠆࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ߇ផㅴߐࠇࠆߣᦼᓙߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬એਅߦ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ߢᵴべߒߡ޿ࠆਛዊડᬺߩᚑഞ੐଀ࠍขࠅ਄ߍࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߩᡰេࠍฃߌߡᵴべߒߡ޿ࠆડᬺ‫ᦨޔ‬ㄭᵈ⋡ࠍ㓸߼ߡ޿ࠆਛዊડᬺߩਛߢ߽‫ߦ․ޔ‬ᢙ‫ࠍ⾨ߩޘ‬ฃ⾨ߒߡ޿ࠆડ
ᬺ‫ޔ‬IPO ࠍ㆐ᚑ‫ ߪߚ߹ޔ‬IPO ߦㄭ޿࡟ࡌ࡞߹ߢ㆐ߒߚਛዊડᬺߥߤ‫ࠆ޽⦡․ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺࠍขࠅ
਄ߍߡ޿ࠆ‫ᦨޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᓟߦ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷‫ޔ‬਎⇇⊛ߥầᵹߩ߭ߣߟߣ޿߃ࠆ࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ࠕࡦ࠻࡟ࡊ࡟࠽
࡯㧔␠ળ⿠ᬺኅ㧕ߩบ㗡ߦߟ޿ߡขࠅ਄ߍࠆ‫☨ޕ‬࿖ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਇᴫਅߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫⿠ޔ‬ᬺ߇ⴕࠊࠇ‫ޔ‬੐ᬺߩ᜛ᄢ߿ࠣࡠ࡯ࡃ࡞ൻ߳ߩኻᔕߥߤ‫ߥ߹ߑ߹ߐޔ‬ಽ㊁ߦ߅޿ߡജᒝ޿ડᬺᵴേ߇ዷ㐿ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ߩ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒ࠶ࠢߥਛዊડᬺߩ᭽⋧߇߁߆߇߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛዊડᬺᐡߩᡰេࠍฃߌߡᵴべߔࠆડᬺ㧔㧝㧕TruTouch Technologies㧔૕ౝࠕ࡞ࠦ࡯࡞࡟ࡌ࡞⸘᷹ᯏེ㐿⊒࡮⵾ㅧ㧕
㧔㧞㧕Nexamp Inc.㧔ࠢ࡝࡯ࡦࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯㑐ㅪࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠹ࠖࡦࠣ࡮ᣉᎿࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ㧕
㧔㧟㧕Quantum Simulations Inc㧔ᢎ⢒࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕ㐿⊒㨮AI 㐿⊒㧕ᦨㄭᵈ⋡ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆਛዊડᬺ
㧔㧝㧕American Physicians Service Group㧔කᏧะߌක≮៊ኂ⾩ఘ଻㒾ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ㧕
㧔㧞㧕NVE Corp.㧔ඨዉ૕࡮ㇱຠ⵾ㅧ࡮⎇ⓥ㐿⊒㧕㧔㧟㧕Royal Gold Inc.㧔⾆㊄ዻតᩏ࡮⵾ㅧ㧕
㧔㧠㧕Medifast Inc.㧔ࡆ࠲ࡒࡦ೷╬ஜᐽ㑐ㅪ⵾ຠ⵾ㅧ⽼ᄁ㧕
㧔㧡㧕Transcend Services㧔ක≮ᖱႎࠨ࡯ࡆࠬᡰេ㧕
㧔㧢㧕AGM Container Controls㧔Ḩ᳇࡮࿶ജ╬೙ᓮ⋙ⷞㇱຠ⵾ㅧ㧕
㧔㧣㧕Neogen Corp㧔㘩ຠ࡮േ‛቟ో⮎‛⵾ㅧ㧕
㧔㧤㧕NIC Inc.㧔࠙ࠚࡉࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠹ࠖࡦࠣࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ㧕
㧔㧥㧕Meridian Bioscience㧔ක⮎ຠ࡮⸻ᢿᯏེ⵾ㅧ㧕
㧔10㧕Somanetics Corp㧔ක≮↪ຠᯏེ㐿⊒⵾ㅧ㧕
VC ߩᡰេߢ IPO ࠍ㆐ᚑߒߚડᬺ
464
໡ോ⋭ࡑࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖࡆࠫࡀࠬ㐿⊒ዪ㧔U.S. Department of Commerce Minority Business Development
Agency 㧕࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻ࠃࠅ㧦
http://www.mbda.gov/documents/pdf/FACTSheetStakeholderOutreachInitiative.pdf 㧔p.2㧕
465
Testimony of Richard A. Bendis, President and CEO, Innovation America, Before House Committee
on Small Business, Subcommittee on Contracting and Technology.Thursday, July 9, 2009.
http://www.innovationamerica.us/index.php/initiatives/r-a-d-tax-credit

109㧔㧝㧕SolarWinds, Inc.㧔㩄㩧㩕㩩㨷㨺㩊㩒㨹㩎㩦㨺㩁㩧㩂㩨ߩࡕ࠾࠲࡝ࡦࠣ࡮ୃ❲࠰ࡈ࠻㐿⊒࡮ឭଏ㧕
㧔㧞㧕OpenTable, Inc.㧔࡟ࠬ࠻࡜ࡦะߌᖱႎ▤ℂࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩឭଏ㧕
㧔㧟㧕Medidata Solutions㧔⥃ᐥ⹜㛎ࠍᡰេߔࠆ⵾ຠ࡮ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩឭଏ㧕
㧔㧠㧕LogMeIn㧔㆙㓒ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕ࡮ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩឭଏ㧕࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ࠕࡦ࠻࡟ࡊ࡟࠽࡯㧔㕖༡೑㧕
㧔㧝㧕Kiva㧔ㅜ਄࿖ߩ⿠ᬺኅะߌዊ㗵⾉ઃࡈࠔࡦ࠼ߩㆇ༡㧕
㧔㧞㧕The Institute for OneWorld Health㧔ㅜ਄࿖ะߌᣂ⮎ߩ㐿⊒࡮ឭଏ㧕
㧔㧟㧕Mercy Corps㧔ੱ㆏េഥ࡮㐿⊒ᵴേ㧦ዊญ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ㌁ⴕߩㆇ༡╬㧕
㧔㧠㧕Sustainable Health Enterprises: SHE㧔ㅜ਄࿖‫ߦ․ޔ‬ᅚᕈߩ↢ᵴะ਄ᡰេ㧕110

7.2. ਛዊડᬺᐡߩᡰេࠍฃߌߡᵴべߒߡ޿ࠆડᬺ
㧔㧝㧕TruTouch Technologiesࡊࡠࡈࠖ࡯࡞
ᧄ␠㧦࠾ࡘ࡯ࡔࠠࠪࠦᎺࠕ࡞ࡃࠞ࡯ࠠ
ഃ┙㧦2005 ᐕᓥᬺຬ㧦6 ฬ㧔৻ᤨߪ 20 ฬ޿ߚ߇‫ޔ‬೥ᷫ㧕
ಽ㊁㧦૕ౝࠕ࡞ࠦ࡯࡞࡟ࡌ࡞⸘᷹ᯏེߩ㐿⊒㨯⵾ㅧ
URL㧦http://trutouchtechnologies.com/ᴪ㕟࠻࠘࡞࡯࠲࠶࠴࡮࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯࠭␠㧔TruTouch Technologies㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬૕ౝࠕ࡞ࠦ࡯࡞࡟ࡌ࡞
ࠍ㕖ଚⷅ⊛㧔∩ߺࠍ઻ࠊߥ޿㧕ᣇᴺߢᱜ⏕߆ߟኈᤃߦ⸘᷹ߔࠆᯏེߩ㐿⊒ߣ⵾ㅧ‫⽼ޔ‬ᄁࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᛛⴚߩ㐿⊒ߦߪ‫ޔ‬10 ᐕߩᱦ᦬ߣ 6,000 ਁ࠼࡞ߩ⾗㊄߇ᛩߓࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ห␠ߪ 2007ᐕߦᯏེߩ⽼ᄁࠍ㐿ᆎߒ‫ޔ‬2008 ᐕඨ߫߹ߢߦ 320 ਁ࠼࡞ߩ෼⋉ࠍ޽ߍߚ߽ߩߩ‫࠻ࠬࠦ↥↢ޔ‬ߩჇട߿‫ࠣࡦࠖ࠹ࠤ࡯ࡑޔ‬ᚢ⇛ߩᄬᢌߥߤߦࠃࠅ‫⿒ޔ‬ሼߣߥߞߚ‫ޔ߼ߚߩߘޕ‬2009 ᐕೋᦼߦห␠ߩળ㐳ߢ޽ࠆ Dave Durgin ᳁߇ઁߩᛩ⾗ኅࠄߣߣ߽ߦ⚻༡ߩᑪߡ⋥ߒߦ⌕ᚻߒ‫ ⚂ޔ‬110 ਁ࠼࡞ߩᣂߚߥᛩ⾗ࠍᓧߡ‫ޔ‬ᣂߚߥᏒ႐ߦะߌߚ⽼ᄁᚢ⇛ߩዷ㐿ࠍ㐿ᆎߒߚ‫࠻ࠬࠦޔߚ߹ޕ‬ૐਅߣ⵾ຠߩᡷༀߦ߽ขࠅ⚵ߺ‫ޔ‬2009 ᐕ 9 ᦬ߦߪᒰೋߩ⵾ຠࠃࠅ߽቟ߊ↢↥ߢ߈ࠆ⵾ຠߩ㐿⊒ߦᚑഞߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᬺോౝኈ࠻࠘࡞࡯࠲࠶࠴࡮࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯࠭␠߇㐿⊒ߒ‫ࠍ⸵․ޔ‬ขᓧߒߚ TruTouch Guardian ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆࠕ࡞ࠦ࡯࡞Ớᐲ⸘᷹ᯏེࠍ૶߁ߣ‫ޔ‬ណⴊߥߤߩଚⷅ⊛ᚻᴺࠍ૶ࠊߕߦ‫ޔ‬૕ౝߩࠕ࡞ࠦ࡯࡞Ớᐲࠍㄦㅦߦᬌᩏߢ߈ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᯏེߪ‫ޔ‬ήኂߩㄭ⿒ᄖ✢㧔Near Infrared: NIR㧕ࠍ⣨ߦᒰߡ‫ߘޔ‬ߩ෻኿ࠍಽᨆߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ૕ౝߩࠕ࡞ࠦ࡯࡞࡟ࡌ࡞ࠍ⸘᷹ߢ߈ࠆ઀⚵ߺߢ‫ޔ‬ᬌᩏߦߪḰ஻߿ᶖ⠻ຠߥߤ߽৻ಾᔅⷐή޿‫ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬ห␠߇ᣂߚߦ㐿⊒ߒߚ TruTouch 2000 ߣ޿߁ᯏེߪ‫ޔ‬ⵍ㛎⠪߇ᜰࠍ⟎ߊߛߌߢ 15 ⑽એౝߦᱜ⏕ߥࠕ࡞ࠦ࡯࡞࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ⸘᷹߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬TruTouch
2000 ߪ‫߇࠻ࠬࠦ↥↢ޔ‬㜞ߔ߉ߡ෼⋉ߦߟߥ߇ࠅߦߊ߆ߞߚ TruTouch Guardian ߦᲧߴߡ↢↥ࠦࠬ࠻߇ૐߊᛥ߃ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬෼⋉߇⷗ㄟ߼ࠆߣ޿߁‫ޕ‬ห␠ߪ‫⸘࡞ࡌ࡟࡞࡯ࠦ࡞ࠕߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬᷹ᯏེࠍ⼊ኤ߿ᴤ↰ជ೥‫ޔ‬ァ㓌‫ޔ‬੤ㅢ▤ℂߥߤߩᏒ႐ߢ⽼ᄁߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ห␠ߪ‫ޔ‬㘶㈬ߦࠃࠆ੐᡿߿ෂ㒾ᕈࠍ㆏〝߿૞ᬺ႐ߥߤ߆ࠄขࠅ㒰ߊߎߣߦᓎ
┙ߟᯏེߣߒߡᄁࠅㄟࠎߢ߅ࠅ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߪߐࠄߦ‫ޔ‬ᢇᕆක≮ᣉ⸳߿∛㒮ߥߤߦ߽⽼〝ࠍ᜛ᄢߔࠆ
ᣇ ㊎ ߣ ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ߇ ‫ ޔ‬ක ≮ ᯏ 㑐 ߳ ⽼ ᄁ ߔ ࠆ ೨ ߦ ห ␠ ߪ 㘩 ຠ ක ⮎ ຠ ዪ 㧔 Food and Drug
Administration: FDA㧕ߩ⹺นࠍฃߌࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
೑↪ᣉ╷
SBIR㧦
㧦
2006 ᐕߦ 21 ਁ 8, 000 ࠼࡞ߦ਄ࠆ SBIR ⵬ഥ㊄ࠍฃ⛎ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬111

㧔㧞㧕Nexamp Inc.
ࡊࡠࡈࠖ࡯࡞
ᧄ␠㧦ࡑࠨ࠴ࡘ࡯࠮࠶࠷Ꮊࡁ࡯ࠬࠕࡦ࠼࡯ࡃ࡯
ഃ┙㧦2006 ᐕᓥᬺຬ㧦45 ฬಽ㊁㧦ࠢ࡝࡯ࡦࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯㑐ㅪࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ㧔࠰࡯࡜࡯ࡄࡀ࡞ߩ⸳⟎‫ࡀࠛ⋭ߩ࡞ࡆ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ൻࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩಽᨆ㨯⸳⸘߆ࠄ⸳⟎㨯⛽ᜬ߹ߢ৻᜝ߒߚ✚ว⊛ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍឭଏ㧕
URL㧦http://www.nexamp.com/ᴪ㕟ࡀࠢࠨࡦࡊ␠㧔Nexamp㧕ߩ೨りߪ‫ޔ‬2006 ᐕߦᄢቇ㒮ࠍතᬺߒߡ㑆߽ߥ޿࠳ࡦ࡮࡟࡝࡯᳁
㧔Dan Leary㧕߇⸳┙ߒߚࡀࠢࠬ࠻ࠫࠚࡦ࡮ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯࡮࠰࡝ࡘ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ࠭␠㧔 NextGen
Energy Solutions㧕ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ળ␠ߪᒰೋ‫⟎⸳࡞ࡀࡄ࡯࡜࡯࠰ޔ‬ᬺ⠪ߢ޽ߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬RCG ࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯࠭␠㧔RCG Ventures㧕ߣ޿߁ࠢ࡝࡯ࡦࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᛩ⾗ળ␠ߩᣉ⸳ߦ࠰࡯࡜࡯ࡄࡀ࡞ࠍ
⸳⟎ߒߚ੐߇߈ߞ߆ߌߢ‫࡯࡝࡟ޔ‬᳁߇หᛩ⾗ળ␠ߩࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡝ࠬ࠻‫ޔ‬H.C.ࡌࠗ࡝࡯
᳁㧔H.C. Bailly㧕ߣᗧ᳇ᛩวߒ‫࡯ࠡ࡞ࡀࠛࡦ࡯࡝ࠢޔ‬ᬺ⇇ߢߪࡌ࠹࡜ࡦߩ RCG ࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯࠭
␠߇ࡀࠢࠬ࠻ࠫࠚࡦ࡮ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯࡮࠰࡝ࡘ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ࠭␠ࠍ⾈෼ߔࠆᒻߢࡀࠢࠨࡦࡊ␠߇⺀↢ߒߚ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ߪ‫࡯࡝ࠗࡌޔ‬᳁߇ળ㐳‫࡯࡝࡟ޔ‬᳁߇␠㐳౗ COO ࠍോ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟࡀࠢࠨࡦࡊ␠ߪ
ᑪ‛ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ല₸ൻࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࠍ✚ว⊛ߦᚻ߇ߌࠆડᬺ߳ߣᚑ㐳ߒ‫ࡀࠛ⋭ߩ࡞ࡆޔ‬ൻࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻߿ౣ↢น⢻ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓዉ౉ߥߤߩน⢻ᕈ⺞ᩏ߆ࠄ⸳⟎㨯⛽ᜬ߹ߢ‫ࠫࡠࡊޔ‬ࠚࠢ࠻ో૕ࠍ৻᜝ߒߡᒁ߈ฃߌߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ห␠ߪ‫࠷࠶࠮࡯ࡘ࠴ࠨࡑޔ‬Ꮊౝߩડᬺߦኻߒߡᛛⴚ㐿⊒ᡰេࠍⴕ߁ࡑࠨ࠴ࡘ࡯࠮࠶࠷ᛛⴚ࿅
૕㧔Massachusetts Technology Collaborative㧕߆ࠄ⚂ 50 ਁ࠼࡞ߦ਄ࠆഥᚑ㊄ࠍฃ⛎ߒߚ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ડᬺߩᣉ⸳ߦᄢဳ࠰࡯࡜࡯⊒㔚ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍήᢱߢ⸳⟎㨯⛽ᜬߒ‫ߚߒ↥↢ޔ‬㔚ജࠍߘߩડ
ᬺߦ቟ߊឭଏߔࠆߣ޿߁หᎺߩ࠰࡯࡜࡯ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦ߅ߌࠆ⸳⟎㨯⛽ᜬᜰቯᬺ⠪ߣߒߡ‫ߦᦝޔ‬ࡆࠫࡀࠬ࠴ࡖࡦࠬߦᕺ߹ࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ട߃ߡ‫ޔ‬RCG ␠߆ࠄߩ⾗㊄ߢ੐ᬺ᜛ᒛߦ઻߁ੱ᧚ߩ⏕଻߿ౕེߩ⾼౉ߥߤࠍ⾔߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦห␠ߪ‫ޔ‬2010 ᐕ 2 ᦬ 5 ᣣߦหᎺᦨᄢߩ࠰࡯࡜࡯ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩᄾ⚂ࠍᎺ᡽ᐭߣ⚿߮‫ޔ‬2,000 ਁ࠼࡞ߩ⵬ഥ㊄ࠍฃߌߡหᎺౝ 12 ࡨᚲߩਅ᳓ಣℂ႐ߦ 4.1 ࡔࠟࡢ࠶࠻ߩ
⊒㔚ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ⸳⟎ߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚ‫⵬ߩߎޕ‬ഥ㊄ߪ‫ޔ‬ర‫ޔߪޘ‬᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺ੍▚ߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌ⅣႺ଻⼔ᐡ㧔U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: EPA㧕߆ࠄࡑࠨ࠴ࡘ࡯࠮࠶࠷
Ꮊߦ㈩ಽߐࠇߚ࿾ᣇᡰេ⾗㊄ߩ৻ㇱߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᬺോౝኈࡀࠢࠨࡦࡊ␠ߪ‫࡯ࠡ࡞ࡀࠛࡦ࡯࡝ࠢޔ‬㑐ㅪߩࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠹ࠖࡦࠣ߆ࠄᣉᎿ߹ߢ൮᜝⊛ߥࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍታᣉߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ડᬺ߿᡽ᐭ‫ޔ‬૑ቛᚲ᦭⠪ߥߤ߇ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߩല₸ൻߣ᷷ቶലᨐࠟࠬឃ಴೥
ᷫߩߚ߼ߦታᣉߔࠆࠢ࡝࡯ࡦࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩಽᨆ߿⸳⸘‫⛽ޔ⟎⸳ޔࠬࡦ࠽ࠗࠔࡈޔ‬ᜬߥߤࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬2008 ᐕᐲߩᄁ਄ߪ 500 ਁ࠼࡞‫ޕ‬೑↪ᣉ╷ਛዊડᬺᐡࡠ࡯ࡦ㧦㒽ァ಴りߩ࡟࡝࡯᳁ߪ‫ޔ‬2007 ᐕߦㅌᓎァੱᡰេߩ⋡⊛ߢዉ౉ߐࠇߚਛዊડᬺᐡߩᗲ࿖⠪ផㅴࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉ㧔Patriot Express Initiative㧕ࡠ࡯ࡦ㧔਄㒢 50 ਁ࠼࡞㧕ࠍ೑↪ߒߚ߶߆‫ޔ‬50 ਁ࠼࡞ߩ㧣㧔a㧕ࡠ࡯ࡦ߽ฃߌࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ‫ ࠄࠇߎޔߪ␠ࡊࡦࠨࠢࡀޕ‬2 ઙߩਛዊડ
ᬺᐡࡠ࡯ࡦࠍ᦭ലᵴ↪ߒ‫ޔ‬2008 ᐕߦᄁ਄ࠍ 3 ୚ߦჇ߿ߔߎߣߦᚑഞߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬112

㧔㧟㧕Quantum Simulations Incࡊࡠࡈࠖ࡯࡞
ᧄ␠㧦ࡍࡦࠪ࡞ࡃ࠾ࠕᎺࡑ࡝࡯࠭ࡆ࡞
ഃ┙㧦1998 ᐕᓥᬺຬ㧦12 ฬಽ㊁㧦ᢎ⢒࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕ/AI
URL㧦http://www.quantumsimulations.com/ᴪ㕟ࠢࠝࡦ࠲ࡓ࡮ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ࠭␠㧔Quantum Simulations Inc.㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬1998 ᐕߦഃᬺߐࠇ
ߚᢎ⢒࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕ㐿⊒ᬺ⠪ߢ‫ޔ‬ᐜ⒩࿦߆ࠄ㜞ᩞ߹ߢߩఽ┬㨯↢ᓤะߌߩቇ⠌↪࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕ
ߩ߶߆‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ߿㆙㓒ᢎ⢒‫↢ޔ‬ᶦᢎ⢒ߥߤ‫ޔ‬᏷ᐢ޿ቇ⠌⠪ะߌߦ‫ੱޔ‬Ꮏ⍮⢻㧔AI㧕ࠍ↪޿ߚ࠴ࡘ࡯࠲࡝ࡦࠣ㧔୘ੱᜰዉ㧕߿⹏ଔ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷⢻ജ㐿⊒ࠍⴕ߁࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕࠍ㐿⊒ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ห␠ߩ࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕߪ‫౉ޔ‬ᚻߒ߿ߔ޿ଔᩰߢ‫ޔ‬㓚ኂߥߤߦࠃࠆ․೎ߥ࠾࡯࠭ߦ߽ኻᔕߔࠆߥߤ‫ࠁࠄ޽ޔ‬ࠆቇ⠌⠪ߦߣߞߡ૶޿ᤃ޿ࠃ߁ߦ㈩ᘦߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ห␠ߪࡌ࠾࡯࡮࡚ࠫࡦ࠰ࡦ᳁㧔Benny G. Johnson‫␠ޔ‬㐳౗ CEO‫ࡦࡠࡔ࡯ࠡࡀ࡯ࠞޔ‬ᄢቇࠃࠅℂ⺰ൻቇඳ჻ภขᓧ‫࡯࡚ࠪࡦ࡟࡮ࠞ࠶ࡌ࡟ޔ‬᳁㧔Rebecca Renshaw‫ޔ‬਄⚖೽␠㐳㧕‫ࡎ࡮࡞࡯࠺ޔ‬࡞࠳࡯᳁㧔Dale A. Holder‫ޔ‬Chief Academic Officer‫ޔ‬Johnson ␠㐳ߩ㜞ᩞᤨઍߩൻቇᢎᏧ㧕ߩ 3 ੱߦࠃߞߡ౒ห⸳┙ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᓥᬺຬᢙߪ 12 ੱߢ‫ޔ‬2008 ᐕᐲߩᄁ਄ߪ 350 ਁ࠼࡞ߢ޽ߞ
ߚ‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦห␠ߪ‫ޔ‬2010 ᐕ 2 ᦬ 5 ᣣߦหᎺᦨᄢߩ࠰࡯࡜࡯ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩᄾ⚂ࠍᎺ᡽ᐭߣ⚿߮‫ޔ‬2,000 ਁ࠼࡞ߩ⵬ഥ㊄ࠍฃߌߡหᎺౝ 12 ࡨᚲߩਅ᳓ಣℂ႐ߦ 4.1 ࡔࠟࡢ࠶࠻ߩ
⊒㔚ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ⸳⟎ߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚ‫⵬ߩߎޕ‬ഥ㊄ߪ‫ޔ‬ర‫ޔߪޘ‬᥊᳇ኻ╷ᴺ੍▚ߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌ⅣႺ଻⼔ᐡ㧔U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: EPA㧕߆ࠄࡑࠨ࠴ࡘ࡯࠮࠶࠷
Ꮊߦ㈩ಽߐࠇߚ࿾ᣇᡰេ⾗㊄ߩ৻ㇱߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᬺോౝኈห␠ߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ⑼ᦠ಴ ␠߿ᢎ⢒࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕᬺ⠪‫ޔ‬ㅢାᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߥߤࠍኻ⽎ߦ‫ᦨޔ‬వ┵ߩᛛⴚࠍ⚵ߺวࠊߖߚࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍឭଏߔࠆ໑৻ߩ AI 㐿⊒ડᬺߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬‫ߩ࠻ࠬ࠹ޟ‬ὐᢙ߇ᦨ㜞 50 ࡄ࡯࠮ࡦ࠻਄᣹ߔࠆ‫⑼ߣޠ‬ቇ⊛ߦ߽⸽᣿ߐࠇߚቇ⠌↪ AI ⵾ຠߥߤࠍ㐿⊒ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߦߢ߹ࠇߎޕ‬ᢎ⢒⋭㧔Department of Education㧕߿࿖┙⑼ቇ⽷࿅㧔National Science Foundation: NSF㧕‫ޔ‬࿖┙ⴡ↢⎇ⓥᚲ㧔National Institute of Health: NIH㧕ߥߤ߆ࠄ⸘ 850 ਁ࠼࡞એ਄ߩ⎇ⓥഥᚑ
㊄ࠍᓧߡ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⵾ຠߩ㐿⊒ߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ߈ߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬వ┵ᛛⴚ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒߿ᛛⴚࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣ ⊛ല ᨐߥ ߤߩ 㕙ߢ 㗼⪺ ߥᚑ ᨐࠍ ޽ߍ ߚਛ ዊડᬺ ߦㅪ ㇌᡽ ᐭ߆ ࠄ⿅ ࠄࠇ ࠆ ࠴ ࡆ࠶ ࠷⾨
㧔Tibbitts Award㧕ࠍ 2006 ᐕߦฃ⾨ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
೑↪ᣉ╷
SBIR㧦
㧦
ห␠ߪ 450 ਁ࠼࡞ߩ SBIR ഥᚑ㊄ࠍฃ⛎ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ഃᬺ⠪ࠄߦ⩨ᄢߥ୘ੱ⾗↥߇޽ߞߚࠊߌ
ߢߪߥ߆ߞߚߚ߼‫␠ࡦ࠰ࡦ࡚ࠫޔ‬㐳ߦࠃࠆߣ‫ޔ‬SBIR ߩഥᚑ㊄ࠍฃ⛎ߒߡ޿ߥߌࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ၮ␆⎇ⓥ߆ࠄᰴߩᲑ㓏߳ߣㅴ߻ߎߣߪ㔍ߒ߆ߞߚߣ޿߁‫ޕ‬ห␠ߩᄁ਄ߪ‫ޔ‬ൻቇᢎ⢒⵾ຠߩ໡ຠൻߦᚑ
ഞߒߚ 2006 ᐕߦ 350㧑Ⴧടߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᓟᲤᐕ 20㧑Ⴧടߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬113

7.3. ᦨㄭᵈ⋡ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆਛዊડᬺ
㧔㧝㧕American Physicians Service Groupࡊࡠࡈࠖ࡯࡞
ᧄ␠㧦ࡒࠪࠟࡦᎺࠗ࡯ࠬ࠻࡜ࡦࠪࡦࠣ
ഃ┙㧦1975 ᐕᓥᬺຬ㧔2008 ᐕ㧕㧦102 ฬ
ಽ㊁㧦කᏧะߌක≮៊ኂ⾩ఘ଻㒾ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬળ␠
URL㧦http://www.apassurance.com/ᴪ㕟ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞࡦ࡮ࡈࠖࠫࠪࡖࡦ࠭࡮ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ࡮ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ␠㧔 American Physicians Service
Group㧕ߪකᏧߦࠃࠆකᏧะߌක≮៊ኂ⾩ఘ଻㒾ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬળ␠ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬1975 ᐕߦ⸳┙ߐࠇ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߩ CEO ߪࠤ࠾ࠬ࡮ࠪࡈ࡝ࡦ᳁㧔Kenneth Shifrin㧕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ක≮៊ኂ⾩ఘࠍ߼ߋࠆ⸷⸩߇Ⴧ
߃ࠆਛ‫ޔ‬කᏧะߌߩ៊ኂ⾩ఘ଻㒾ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ߇㜞㛛ߔࠆ৻ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬කᏧࠄ߇ฃߌࠆ⵬ఘߪචಽߥ߽
ߩߢߪߥߊ‫଻ޔ‬㒾ട౉⥄૕߽㔍ߒ޿⁁ᴫ߇⛯߈‫☨ޔ‬࿖ߩක≮ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬឭଏ⠪ߦߣߞߡෂᯏߣ߽
⸒߃ࠆ㕖Ᏹ੐ᘒ߇⊒↢ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޔ߼ߚߩߎޕ‬᳃㑆ߩකᏧะߌ៊ኂ⾩ఘࠨ࡯ࡆࠬળ␠߇ࡒࠪࠟࡦ
Ꮊ߆ࠄ᠗ㅌߒߚߩࠍฃߌ‫ޔ‬หᎺߩකᏧߚߜ߇ᚻ㗃ߥක≮៊ኂ⾩ఘ଻㒾ࠍ᳞߼ߡ‫ޔ‬ห␠ࠍ⸳┙ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ห␠ߪ‫ࡦࠟࠪࡒߕ߹ޔ‬Ꮊߢࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍታᣉߒߡ޿ߚ߇‫ߩߘޔ‬ᓟ‫ޔ‬ਛ⷏ㇱߛߌߢߥߊ‫ࠠ࠹ޔ‬ࠨࠬᎺ‫࡯࠰ࡦࠞ࡯ࠕޔ‬Ꮊ‫ࡑࡎ࡜ࠢࠝޔ‬Ꮊߥߤߦ߽੐ᬺࠍ᜛ᄢߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬2000 ᐕߦߪ IPO ࠍ㆐ᚑߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᬺോౝኈࠕࡔ࡝ࠞࡦ࡮ࡈࠖࠫࠪࡖࡦ࠭࡮ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ࡮ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ␠ߪో㗵಴⾗ሶળ␠ߩࠕࡔ࡝ࠞࡦ࡮ࡈࠖ
ࠫࠪࡖࡦ࠭଻㒾ળ␠㧔American Physicians Insurance Company 㧦API㧕ࠍㅢߓߡක≮ᓥ੐⠪߆ࠄߩ៊ኂ⾩ఘ଻㒾ߩᒁ߈ฃߌࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ ߘࠃ߅ޕ‬5,000 ฬߩකᏧ࡮ක≮ᯏ㑐߇଻㒾ߦട౉ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᄢㇱಽ߇࠹ࠠࠨࠬᎺߩකᏧߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬API ߇ឭଏߔࠆ଻㒾ߪ‫ޔ‬୘ੱߩකᏧ‫․ޔ‬ቯ
ಽ㊁ߩኾ㐷ක≮ᯏ㑐‫ⶄޔ‬ᢙߩኾ㐷ಽ㊁ࠍ߽ߟ∛㒮ߥߤ‫ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ߥ࠲ࠗࡊߩක≮ᯏ㑐ߦኻᔕߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ ޔߪ␠ࡊ࡯࡞ࠣ࡮ࠬࡆ࡯ࠨ࡮࠭ࡦࡖࠪࠫࠖࡈ࡮ࡦࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޕ‬API ࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠩ࡝࡯㧔API
Advisory㧕ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ⻁໧ᆔຬળ߽⸳⟎ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⻁ߩߎޕ‬໧ᆔຬળߪ‫଻ޔ‬㒾ട౉↳ߒㄟߺ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ක≮଻㒾⾌ᛄ޿ᚯߒ↳⺧‫⚻ޔ‬༡ᚢ⇛ߦ޿ߚࠆ߹ߢ‫ޔ‬੐ᬺߩߐ߹ߑߥ஥㕙ߦ߅޿ߡ API ߦഥ⸒ߔࠆᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ක≮⃻႐ߢᵴべߔࠆ┙႐߆ࠄ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߩක≮⁁ᴫ‫ޔ‬ක≮࡟ࡌ࡞‫ޔ‬ᬺ⇇ᮡḰߦᾖࠄߒวࠊߖߚኾ㐷⍮⼂ࠍ߽ߟකᏧߚߜߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ⻁໧ᆔຬળߪ‫ޔ‬ห␠ߩ଻㒾ߩ⾰ࠍ㜞߼‫ߩ⥸৻ޔ‬᳃㑆଻㒾ᬺ⠪ߦߪߥ޿ᒝߺࠍ૞ࠅ಴ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦ଻㒾ߦട߃ߡᛩ⾗੐ᬺ߽ขࠅᛒߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ห␠ߩ㊄Ⲣࠨ࡯ࡆࠬᬺോࠍᜂᒰߔࠆሶળ␠
APS ࡈࠔࠗ࠽ࡦࠪࡖ࡞␠㧔APS Financial㧕߇‫ޔ‬ડᬺ߿㜞ᚲᓧ⠪ጀ୘ੱะߌߦખ੺ᬺോ߿⾗↥▤ℂᬺോࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠦࠕࠦࡦࡇ࠹ࡦࠬ
ห␠ߪ଻㒾ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍឭଏߔࠆߦ޽ߚࠅ‫ޔ‬කᏧߣᖚ⠪ߣߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ‫ޔ‬ක≮⃻႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ࡝ࠬࠢ▤ℂߥߤࠍ฽߻‫ޔ‬ක≮ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ੐ᬺ⠪ߩᬺോታᘒࠍߊ߹ߥߊ⺞ᩏߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ࠇߎޔ‬ߦࠃࠅ⾰ߩ㜞޿੐ᬺ⠪ߩߺ଻㒾ࠍ⽼ᄁߒ‫߇ࠇߘޔ‬ห␠ߩᚑഞߦߟߥ߇ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬114

㧔㧞㧕NVE Corp.
ࡊࡠࡈࠖ࡯࡞
ᧄ␠㧦ࡒࡀ࠰࠲Ꮊࠛ࠺ࡦ࡮ࡊ࡟ࠗ࡝࡯
ഃ┙㧦1989 ᐕᓥᬺຬ㧦50 ฬ
ಽ㊁㧦ඨዉ૕࡮ㇱຠ⵾ㅧ࡮⎇ⓥ㐿⊒੐ᬺ
URL㧦http://www.nve.com/index.phpᴪ㕟
NVE ␠ߪ‫☨ޔ‬࿖᡽ᐭᯏ㑐߿᳃㑆ߩࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬડᬺ࡮ඨዉ૕ડᬺ╬ߦኻߒߡ㕟ᣂ⊛ᛛⴚࠍឭଏߔࠆ߶߆‫ޔ‬㐿⊒⎇ⓥᆔ⸤߽ฃߌߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬CEO ߪ⃻࿷‫࡯ࠞ࡯ࡌ࡮࡞ࠛ࠾࠳ޔ‬᳁㧔Daniel
A. Baker㧕᳁ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ഃᬺ⠪ߪ IBM ␠߿ࡂࡀ࠙ࠚ࡞␠㧔Honeywell㧕ߢ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ᵴേߦ㐳ᐕߦᷰߞߡᓥ੐ߒߡ߈ߚࠫࠚ࡯ࡓ࠭࡮࠼࡯࠻ࡦ᳁㧔James M. Daughton㧕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬1989 ᐕ‫࡯࠼ޔ‬࠻ࡦ᳁߇ࡒࡀ࠰࠲Ꮊߦᧄ᜚ࠍᜬߟࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞ળ␠ߩࡁ࡯࠙ࠚࠬ࠻࡮ࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯࡮ࠠ
ࡖࡇ࠲࡞␠㧔Norwest Venture Capital㧕߆ࠄ 230 ਁ࠼࡞ߩ⾗㊄⺞㆐ࠍⴕ޿‫⿠ޔ‬ᬺߒߚ‫ޕ‬⠉ᐕ
ߩ 1990 ᐕߦߪ☨࿖࿖┙⑼ቇ⽷࿅㧔NSF㧕ߣ☨࿖ᶏァ߆ࠄᄾ⚂ࠍขࠅઃߌߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᬺോౝኈห␠ߪ‫࡯ࠫࡠࡁࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽ޔ‬ᛛⴚࠍ㚟૶ߒ‫ޔ‬GMR㧔Giant Magneto Resistors :Ꮒᄢ⏛᳇ᛶ᛫)ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆࠬࡇࡦၮᐩ㔚ሶࠍ⚵ߺ౉ࠇߚ࠮ࡦࠨ࡯ࠍ㐿⊒ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ࡦࡇࠬޕ‬ၮᐩ㔚ሶߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߩࠃ߁ߦల㔚ߔࠆߩߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬࿁ォߔࠆߎߣߢ‫ߩ࠲࡯࠺ޔ‬ㅍฃା߿⸥㍳ࠍⴕ߁ᣂߒ޿ᛛⴚߢ޽
ࠆ‫ޕ‬ห␠ߩ࠮ࡦࠨ࡯ߪ‫⥶ޔ‬ⓨቝቮ‫⥄ޔ‬േゞ‫ޔ‬ㅢ⽻࡮⚕ᐊᬌ⸽‫ޔ‬Ꮏ႐ߩ⥄േ⚵ߺ┙ߡߥߤ᏷ᐢ޿
ಽ㊁ߢ૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬NVE ␠ߪ‫ ߩ࡞࠲ࠫ࠺ߣࠣࡠ࠽ࠕޔ‬GMR ࠮ࡦࠨ࡯ߦട߃‫⏛ޔ‬᳇ㅪ⚿ེ‫ޔ‬⏛᳇࡜ࡦ࠳ࡓࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡔࡕ࡝ (MRAM)‫߽࡞࡯ࡘࠫࡕߩ࠼࡯ࡔ࡯࠳࡯ࠝޔ‬ឭଏߒߡ޿ࠆ‫☨ޕ‬࿖᡽ᐭ߿∛㒮‫ޔ‬᳃㑆⎇ⓥᚲߥߤ߇ขᒁవߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᄁࠅ਄ߍߩඨಽߪ☨࿖ౝߩ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠦࠕࠦࡦࡇ࠹ࡦࠬ
ห␠ߩᒝߺߪ‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚജߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ഃᬺ⠪߇ HP㧔ࡅࡘ࡯࡟࠶࠻࡮ࡄ࠶ࠞ࡯࠼㧕␠߿ IBM ␠ߥߤߩᄢᚻડᬺߢൕോߒߡ޿ߚ㗃߆ࠄ⫾Ⓧߒߡ߈ߚᛛⴚࠍၮ␆ߦ‫⎇ࠄ⥄ޔ‬ⓥࠍⴕ޿‫ޔ‬ၮᐙᛛⴚࠍ․⸵ൻߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ห␠ߩᛛⴚߪ‫ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ߥಽ㊁ߦㆡᔕߢ߈ࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇੐ᬺߩᚑഞߦߟߥ߇
ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬ห␠ߪ⵾ຠ㐿⊒ߩߺߥࠄߕ‫ޔ‬᡽ᐭ߆ࠄߩᆔ⸤⎇ⓥ߽ᚻ߇ߌߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ァ㑐ଥߩ R&D ࠍ฽߼‫ޔ‬Ᏹߦᦨవ┵ߩᛛⴚ㐿⊒ߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫ޔ߽ࠄ߆ߣߎߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ห␠ߪ‫ޔ‬
2009 ᐕ Top Product of the Year‫ޔ‬Top 10 Small Public Companies In America ߦᆎ߹ࠅ‫ޔ‬ࡈࠜ࡯࠴ࡘ࡯ࡦ⹹߇ㆬ߱ 2009 ᐕਛዊડᬺ࠻࠶ࡊ 100 ࡜ࡦࠠࡦࠣߢ 13 ૏‫ߩ⹹ࠬࡉ࡯ࠜࡈޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ࠻࠶ࡊ 100 ࡜ࡦࠠࡦࠣߢ 8 ૏ࠍ₪ᓧߔࠆߥߤ‫⹺ޔ‬⍮ᐲ߽㕖Ᏹߦ㜞޿‫ޕ‬

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㧔㧟㧕Royal Gold Inc.
ࡊࡠࡈࠖ࡯࡞
ᧄ␠㧦ࠦࡠ࡜࠼Ꮊ࠺ࡦࡃ࡯
ഃ┙㧦1986 ᐕᓥᬺຬ㧔2009 ᐕ㧕
㧦19 ฬ
ಽ㊁㧦⾆㊄ዻតᩏ߅ࠃ߮⵾ㅧ
URL㧦http://www.royalgold.com/ᴪ㕟ࡠࠗࡗ࡞࡮ࠧ࡯࡞࠼␠㧔Royal Gold㧕ߪ‫࡯ࠪࡊࡦ࠺࡮࡯࡝ࡦ࠲ࠬޔ‬᳁㧔Stanley Dempsey㧕߇ 1986 ᐕߦ⸳┙ߒߚડᬺߢ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߩ CEO ߪ࠻࠾࡯࡮ࠫࠚࡦ࠮ࡦ᳁㧔Tony Jensen㧕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ห␠ߪ 1981 ᐕߦ⍹ᴤࠟࠬត⚝࡮ណជ࡮↢↥ળ␠ߩࡠࠗࡗ࡞࡮࡝࠰࡯ࠪ࠭␠㧔Royal Resources
Corporation㧕ߣߒߡഃᬺߐࠇߚ‫ࠆ޽ޕ‬⒟ᐲߩᚑഞࠍ෼߼ߚ߽ߩߩ‫ޔ‬⍹ᴤଔᩰ߇ߘߩᓟ᥸⪭ߒߚߎߣ߽޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ห␠ߪขᛒຠࠍ⍹ᴤ࡮ࠟࠬ߆ࠄ㊄ߦࠪࡈ࠻ߒ‫ߦ┙⸳ߩ␠࠼࡞࡯ࠧ࡮࡞ࡗࠗࡠޔ‬⥋ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ห␠ߪഃᬺᓟ‫ޔ‬㊄↢↥ડᬺߩ⾈෼ߩߺߥࠄߕ‫ޔ‬㊄ߩណជࠍ⁓ߞߚ↪࿾ߩ⾈෼ߦⓍᭂ⊛ߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߛ‫ޕ‬ᬺോౝኈ⃻࿷‫ߪ␠࠼࡞࡯ࠧ࡮࡞ࡗࠗࡠޔ‬㊄㋶ጊࠍ⚻༡ߔࠆߩߢߪߥߊ‫ޟޔ‬㋶ጊ⚻༡ળ␠߆ࠄࡠࠗࡗ࡝
࠹ࠖ࡯ࠍᓧࠆᮭ೑‫ࠍ౉⾼ߩޠ‬੐ᬺᚢ⇛ߣߒߡㅴ߼ߡ߅ࠅ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᚢ⇛ߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ห␠ߪ㋶ጊត⚝ߣ㐿⊒ࠦࠬ࠻ࠍᦨዊ㒢ߦᛥ߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫☨ߪ␠࠼࡞࡯ࠧ࡮࡞ࡗࠗࡠޕ‬࿖ߛߌߢߥߊ‫߽ߦࠞ࡝ࡈࠕޔ‬ࡠࠗࡗ࡞࠹ࠖ࡯ᩣᑼࠍᚲ᦭ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫☨ޔઁߩߘޔ‬࿖‫ߦࠕࠪࡠޔ࠼ࡦ࡜ࡦࠖࡈޔࡦ࠴ࡦ࠯࡞ࠕޔ‬߅ߌࠆត⚝࡮㐿⊒ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߦ߽㑐ਈߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠦࠕࠦࡦࡇ࠹ࡦࠬ
⾌↪߇߆ߐߺ‫ޔ‬࿎㔍ߥ㋶ጊ⚻༡ࠃࠅ‫⾆ޔ‬㊀ߥ⾆㊄ዻ⾗Ḯߩࡠࠗࡗ࡞࠹ࠖ࡯೑⋉ࠍᓧࠆߎߣ
ߢ‫ࠍࠢࠬ࡝ࠬࡀࠫࡆޔ‬ૐᷫߒߡ੐ᬺࠍዷ㐿ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⾈⾼ޕ‬ജ‫⾗ޔ‬㊄⺞㆐‫࠹ࠍ࡯ࠖ࠹࡞ࡗࠗࡠޔ‬ࠦߦ㋶ጊળ␠ߣᚢ⇛⊛ߦត⚝ห⋖ࠍ⚿߱ߥߤ‫ߩ⥄⁛ޔ‬੐ᬺዷ㐿ࠍⴕߞߡ߅ࠅ‫࡯ࠖ࠹࡞ࡗࠗࡠޔ‬₪ᓧߩಽ㊁ߢߪ㜞޿┹੎ജࠍᜬߟ‫߇⹹ࡦ࡯ࡘ࠴࡯ࠜࡈޕ‬ㆬ߱ 2009 ᐕਛዊડᬺ࠻࠶ࡊ 100 ࡜ࡦࠠࡦࠣߢ 10 ૏‫ߩ⹹ࠬࡉ࡯ࠜࡈޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ࠻࠶ࡊ 100 ࡜ࡦࠠࡦࠣߢ 83 ૏ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

116

㧔㧠㧕Medifast Inc.
ࡊࡠࡈࠖ࡯࡞
ᧄ␠㧦㕖౏㐿
ഃ┙㧦1980 ᐕᓥᬺຬ㧔2009 ᐕ㧕㧦290 ฬ
ಽ㊁㧦ࡆ࠲ࡒࡦ೷‫ޔ‬ᩕ㙃‫ઁߩߘޔ‬ஜᐽ㑐ㅪ⵾ຠ⵾ㅧ⽼ᄁURL㧦http://www.medifast1.com/ᴪ㕟ࡔ࠺ࠖࡈࠔࠬ࠻␠㧔Medifast㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬1980 ᐕߦ࠙ࠖ࡝ࠕࡓ࡮ࡆ࠲࡞᳁㧔William Vitale㧕߇ഃᬺߒߚࠫࠚࠗ࠰ࡦ⵾⮎㧔Jason Pharmaceuticals㧕ࠍߘߩ೨りߣߒߡ߅ࠅ‫࡞࠲ࡆޔ‬᳁߇㐿⊒ߒߚ࠳ࠗࠛ࠶࠻࡮ࡊ࡜ࡦ߇‫ߩ␠࠻ࠬࠔࡈࠖ࠺ࡔޔ‬ਛᩭ⵾ຠ࡮ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷‫☨ޔ‬࿖ߢߪ‫ޔ‬࿖᳃ߩ⚂ 7㨪8㧑߇⢈ḩ᳇๧ߢ޽ࠆߣ޿ࠊࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬⢈ḩኻ╷߇㊀ⷐⷞߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ
߇‫࡞࠲ࡆޔ‬᳁߇㐿⊒ߒߚ⵾ຠߪ‫ޔ‬ᖚ⠪ߦ⋥ធ⽼ᄁߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬කᏧ߇⽼ᄁኻ⽎ߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬කᏧ߇⢈ḩᖚ⠪ߦಣᣇߔࠆᒻࠍขࠆ‫ޕ‬1980 ᐕએ㒠‫ޔ‬2 ਁੱએ਄ߩකᏧ߇ࡔ࠺ࠖࡈࠔࠬ
࠻␠ߩ⵾ຠࠍಣᣇ‫ޔࠅ߅ߡ߼⮈ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬೑↪⠪ߪ 100 ਁੱએ਄ߣផቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ߩ
CEO ߪࡑࠗࠤ࡞࡮ࡑࠢ࠺ࡆ࠶࠻᳁㧔Michael S. McDevitt㧕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᬺോౝኈࡔ࠺ࠖࡈࠔࠬ࠻␠ߪ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࡉߩޠ࠻ࠬࠔࡈࠖ࠺ࡔޟޔ‬ฬߢஜᐽ㘩ຠ࡮࠳ࠗࠛ࠶࠻⵾ຠࠍ㐿⊒࡮⵾ㅧߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㘩੐ߩઍᦧߣߒߡ៨ขߔࠆࠪࠚ࡯ࠢ߿ࡃ࡯ߥߤߩ㘩ຠ߿㘶ᢱ‫♧ޔ‬ዩ∛ߩߚ߼ߩ∔∛▤ℂ໡ຠߥߤࠍห␠ߩሶળ␠ߢ޽ࠆࠫࠚࠗ࠰ࡦ⵾⮎߇⵾ㅧߒߡ޿ࠆ‫࠻ࠬࠔࡈࠖ࠺ࡔޕ‬ߪ‫࠼࡯ࡈࠬ࡞ࡋ߿࡯ࡄ࡯ࠬޔ‬㑐ㅪᐫ⥩ߢߪߥߊ‫߿ࡦࠗ࡜ࡦࠝޔ‬ක≮ᯏ㑐ߢ⽼ᄁߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߶
߆‫ޔ‬ሶળ␠ߩ࠹ࠗࠢ࡮ࠪࠚ࡯ࡊ࡮ࡈࠜ࡯࡮࡜ࠗࡈ␠㧔Take Shape for Life㧕߇‫࠻ࠢ࡟ࠗ࠳ޔ‬ࡔ࡯࡞ߣ࠳ࠗࠛ࠶࠻ߦᚑഞߒߚ೑↪⠪ߩญࠦࡒࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢࠍㅢߓߡ‫⵾ޔ‬ຠࠍ⽼ᄁߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᷫ㊂ലᨐࠍ቟ᤃߦ⻭߁ઁߩડᬺߣ⇣ߥߞߡ‫⵾ޔߪ␠࠻ࠬࠔࡈࠖ࠺ࡔޔ‬ຠߩ㐿⊒࡮૶↪ߦᒰߚࠅ‫ޔ‬೑↪⠪ߦකᏧߦ߹ߕ⋧⺣ߒ‫ޔ‬ห␠ߩ⵾ຠࠍ૶߁ߎߣߩ໧㗴ὐ߿ࡔ࡝࠶࠻ߥߤࠍචಽᛠីߔ
ࠆߎࠍᒝߊ⮈߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ห␠ߪᕆㅦߦჇടߔࠆ♧ዩ∛ᖚ⠪ะߌߩ⵾ຠࠍࠝ࡯࠳࡯ࡔ࡯࠼
ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬ห␠ߩࠦ࡯࡞࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᩕ㙃჻ߩ⾗ᩰࠍᜬߟᔕ╵ຬࠍ㈩⟎ߒߡ‫ޔ‬㘈ቴߦ⊛⏕ߥࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠬ߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߥ૕೙ࠍߣߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠨࠠ࠹ޔߪ␠࠻ࠬࠔࡈࠖ࠺ࡔޔઁߩߘޕ‬ࠬᎺ‫࠳࡝ࡠࡈޔ‬Ꮊ‫ࠕ࠾࡞ࠜࡈ࡝ࠞޔ‬Ꮊߣࡔ࡝࡯࡜ࡦ࠼Ꮊߦ‫࠻ࡦࠦ࡮࠻ࠗࠚ࠙࡮࡯ࠫ࠽ࠛࠗࡂޟ‬ࡠ࡯࡞࡮࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫ߣޠ‬๭߫ࠇࠆ⽼ᄁ࠴ࠚ࡯ࡦࠍࡈ࡜ࡦ࠴ࡖࠗ࠭ዷ㐿ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ࠅ߆߇⿷ࠍࠇߎޔ‬ߣߒߡో☨ߦ᜛ᄢߔࠆߎߣ߽⋡ᜰߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ห␠ߪ㜞޿ᬺ❣ࠍ߅ߐ߼‫ޔ‬ㆊ෰ 12 ࡩ᦬ߦ߅ߌࠆᩣᑼ㈩ᒰ೑࿁ࠅ߇ 20㧑ࠍ⸥㍳ߔࠆߥߤ‫ޔ‬ᩣଔታ❣ߪᬺ⇇࠻࠶ࡊߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠦࠕࠦࡦࡇ࠹ࡦࠬ
቟ోᕈ߿ല⢻߇ಽ߆ࠅߦߊ޿࠳ࠗࠛ࠶࠻⵾ຠ߇᳚Ửߔࠆߥ߆‫ޔ‬ห␠ߢߪ‫⵾ޔ‬ຠ㐿⊒ᤨߦකᏧߦࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠬࠍฃߌߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬㘈ቴߩ⵾ຠ૶↪ߦᒰߚߞߡ߽‫ޔ‬කᏧߩᜰዉࠍฃߌࠆߎߣࠍᒝߊ⮈߼ࠆߎߣߢ‫᦭ߩߘޔ‬ലᕈࠍࠕࡇ࡯࡞ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫߇ࠇߎޔ‬ᄁ਄ߩჇടߦߟߥ߇ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫࠴࡯ࠜࡈޕ‬ࡘ࡯ࡦ⹹ߦࠃࠆ 2009 ᐕਛዊડᬺ࠻࠶ࡊ 100 ࡜ࡦࠠࡦࠣߢ 26 ૏‫ߩ⹹ࠬࡉ࡯ࠜࡈޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ࠻
࠶ࡊ 100 ࡜ࡦࠠࡦࠣߢ 6 ૏ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬117

㧔㧡㧕Transcend Servicesࡊࡠࡈࠖ࡯࡞
ᧄ␠㧦࡚ࠫ࡯ࠫࠕᎺࠕ࠻࡜ࡦ࠲
ഃ┙㧦1993 ᐕᓥᬺຬ㧔2009 ᐕ㧕㧦749 ฬ
ಽ㊁㧦ක≮ᖱႎࠨ࡯ࡆࠬᡰេ
URL㧦http://www.transcendservices.com/default.aspᴪ㕟࠻࡜ࡦ࠮ࡦ࠼࡮ࠨ࡯ࡆࠪ࠭␠㧔 Transcend Services㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬1993 ᐕߦ࡜࡝࡯࡮ࠟ࡯࠼᳁
㧔Larry Gerdes㧕ߣ ࠙ࠜ࡞࠲࡯࡮ࡂࡈ᳁㧔Walter Huff㧕߇⸳┙ߒߚ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ߩ CEO ߪ࠳࠾ࠛ࡞࡮ࡌ࡯ࠞ࡯᳁㧔Daniel A. Baker㧕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߪ␠࠭ࠪࡆ࡯ࠨ࡮࠼ࡦ࠮ࡦ࡜࠻ޕ‬ᒰೋ‫∛ޔ‬㒮ߥߤߩක≮ᯏ㑐ߦࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠹ࠖࡦࠣࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ߿ᖱႎ▤ℂᬺോߩࠕ࠙࠻࠰࡯ࠪࡦࠣࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍឭଏߒ
ߡ޿ߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ 1998 ᐕࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬කᏧ߇ࠞ࠮࠶࠻࠹࡯ࡊߥߤߦᖚ⠪ߩක≮ᖱႎ㧔⸻ᢿ߿ᴦ≮ߥߤ㧕ࠍ㍳㖸ߒߚౝኈࠍ⡞߈ߣࠅ‫ޔ‬ᢥ┨ൻߔࠆ࠻࡜ࡦࠬࠢ࡝ࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ࡮ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߦ․ൻߒߚ‫ߎޕ‬ߩ࠻࡜ࡦࠬࠢ࡝ࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ࡮ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߪක≮Ꮢ႐ߦ߅޿ߡ߽࠾࠶࠴ߥಽ㊁ߢ‫ޔ‬ห␠ߪో☨ 3 ૏ߩࠪࠚࠕࠍභ߼ࠆ߹ߢߦᚑ㐳ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᬺോౝኈห␠ߩ࠻࡜ࡦࠬࠢ࡝ࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ࡮ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߪ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߢߪࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻ࠍࡌ࡯ࠬߦߒߚᛛⴚࠍ
૶↪ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᖚ⠪ߦ㑐ߔࠆකᏧߩ㖸ჿ⸥㍳ࠍᢥ┨ൻߔࠆߣ޿߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬කᏧߪ࠻࡜ࡦ࠮ࡦ
࠼࡮ࠨ࡯ࡆࠪ࠭␠ߩ‫ޟ‬BeyondTXT‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ᛛⴚࠍ૶ߞߚࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍ೑↪ߔࠆߎߣߢ‫⥄ޔ‬ಽ߇㖸ჿߦߣߞߚ⸥㍳ࠍ‫∛ޔ‬㒮ߢ߽⥄ቛߢ߽႐ᚲࠍ໧ࠊߕߦ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ᢥᦠ߳ᄌ឵ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ
߁ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬කᏧ߇ࠕ࠶ࡊࡠ࡯࠼ߒߚ㖸ჿࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߪ‫ߡߞ૶ࠍࠕࠚ࠙࠻ࡈ࠰⸽⹺࠴࡯ࡇࠬޔ‬ᢥᦠߦᄌ឵ߐࠇߚᓟ‫ޔ‬ᢥሼ⿠ߎߒኾ㐷ߩห␠ࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߦࠃࠆᩞ㑛߽ฃߌࠆ‫ࡆ࡯ࠨ࡮࠼ࡦ࠮ࡦ࡜࠻ޕ‬ࠪ࠭␠ߪ‫ޔ‬250 એ਄ߩක≮ᯏ㑐ߦࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍឭଏߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ห␠ߣᄾ⚂ߔࠆක≮ᢥᦠߩኾ㐷ࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߪ 2,100 ੱߦ߽ߩ߷ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠦࠕࠦࡦࡇ࠹ࡦࠬ
ห␠ߩᒝߺߪ‫ޔ‬㜞޿㘈ቴḩ⿷ᐲߩ㆐ᚑߦ޽ࠆ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ߩ㘈ቴߩ߶ߣࠎߤ߇ᄢដ߆ࠅߥትવߩ⚿ᨐߢߪߥߊ‫ߦߢߔޔ‬ห␠ߩࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍฃߌߡ޿ࠆක≮ᯏ㑐ߦࠃࠆផ⮈ߩ⚿ᨐߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁‫߹ޕ‬ߚ‫ޔ‬ห␠ߩ⸃⚂₸߇ᐕ 2㧑એਅߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ߽‫ޔ‬ห␠ߩᛛⴚߣࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩ⾰߇㜞ߊ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬㘈ቴḩ⿷ᐲ߇㜞޿ߎߣ߇ુࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ࡈࠜ࡯࠴ࡘ࡯ࡦ⹹ߩ 2009 ᐕਛዊડᬺ࠻࠶ࡊ 100 ࡜ࡦࠠࡦࠣߢ 7 ૏‫ߩ⹹ࠬࡉ࡯ࠜࡈޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ࠻࠶ࡊ 100 ࡜ࡦࠠࡦࠣߢ 6 ૏ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

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㧔㧢㧕AGM Container Controlsࡊࡠࡈࠖ࡯࡞
ᧄ␠㧦ࠕ࡝࠱࠽Ꮊ࠷࡯࠰ࡦ
ഃ┙㧦1964 ᐕᓥᬺຬ㧔2009 ᐕ㧕㧦110 ฬ
ಽ㊁㧦㊄ዻㇱຠ⵾ㅧ
URL㧦http://www.agmcontainer.com/
ᴪ㕟
1964 ᐕߦࡠࠫࡖ࡯࡮ࠬ࠴ࡘࡢ࡯࠻᳁㧔Roger Stewart㧕ߦࠃߞߡࠕ࡝࠱࠽࡮ࠡࠕ⵾ㅧ␠
㧔Arizona Gear Manufacturing㧕ߣߒߡ⸳┙ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᒰᤨߪ‫ޔ‬ኒኽࠦࡦ࠹࠽ౝߦㆊᐲߩ࿶ജ߇
߆߆ࠅߔ߉ࠆߎߣࠍ㒐ߋߚ߼ߩࡉ࡝࡯ࠩࡃ࡞ࡉߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ೙ᓮㇱຠߩߺߩ⵾ㅧ࡮⽼ᄁࠍⴕߞߡ
޿ߚ߇‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߪ‫ޔ‬᭽‫ߥޘ‬ಽ㊁ߢ૶ࠊࠇࠆ೙ᓮㇱຠࠍᄙ᭽ߦขࠅᛒߞߡ޿ࠆ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ߩ CEO ߪࡂࡢ࡯࠼࡮ࠬ࠴ࡘࡢ࡯࠻᳁㧔Howard N. Stewart 㧕‫ޕ‬ᬺോౝኈ
AGM ࠦࡦ࠹࠽࡮ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞␠㧔AGM Container Controls, Inc. 㧦AGM㧕␠ ߪḨ᳇‫ޔ‬࿶ജ‫ޔ‬᳇࿶ᄌൻ‫ޔࠢ࠶࡚ࠪޔ‬ᝄേߥߤࠍ೙ᓮ࡮⋙ⷞߔࠆㇱຠࠍ⵾ㅧߔࠆડᬺߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ห␠ߩ⵾ຠ
ߪ㒐ⴡ‫⥶ޔ‬ⓨቝቮ‫ޔ‬㔚ሶ‫ޔ‬㔚᳇Ꮏቇ‫↥ޔ‬ᬺ‫ޔ‬໡ᬺߥߤߩᄙߊߩ↥ᬺߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬㊀ⷐߥᯏེࠍ቞
ࠆߚ߼ߦ᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᒻ⁁ߩ߽ߩ߇೑↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬એ೨ߪ㒐ⴡ㑐ㅪ⵾ຠߩߺࠍਥゲߣߒߡ޿ߚߚ߼‫ޔ‬ਥⷐขᒁవߪァ㑐ଥߩ᡽ᐭᯏ㑐ߦ㒢ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚ߽ߩߩ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ߥᬺ⒳ߦኻᔕߢ߈ࠆ૕೙ࠍᢛ߃ࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ㄭᐕߢߪࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕ⵾ຠะߌߩㇱຠ⵾ㅧ߽ᚻ߇ߌࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ‫ࠕࠤࠬ࡞ࡋޔ‬㑐ㅪડᬺߦ㘈ቴጀࠍᐢߍߡ
޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ゞ᫹ሶ࡝ࡈ࠻ߩ⸳⸘࡮⵾ㅧ߽ⴕ߁ࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ห␠ߩᐕ㑆ᄁ਄ߩ 25㧑ࠍභ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥᬺຬᩣᑼᚲ᦭೙ᐲࠍዉ౉ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߪᩣਥߣߒߡ⽷ോળ⸘ߩ⺑᣿ࠍฃߌࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ળ␠ߩ⚻༡߇ߤ߁޿߁⁁ᘒߦ޽ࠆ߆ࠍᏱߦℂ⸃ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣂⷙᕈߩ޽ࠆࠦࠬ࠻೥ᷫឭ᩺ߦߪ‫⃻ޔ‬㊄ࡏ࡯࠽ࠬ߇ਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆߥߤߩ␠ຬߩᆫ൓ࠍ㊀ⷞߒߚ೙ᐲࠍᜬߟ‫ޕ‬ࠦࠕࠦࡦࡇ࠹ࡦࠬ
ห␠ߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂⷙߩᏒ႐ࠍᏱߦ㐿ᜏߒߡ޿ߊ⵾ຠ㐿⊒ജ‫ߩోਁޔ‬㘈ቴࠤࠕ‫␠ߡߒߘޔ‬ຬ߳ߩ࠻࡟
࡯࠾ࡦࠣߥߤߩ⚻༡ജࠍᜬߟߎߣࠍᒝߺߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⵾ޔߡߒߘޕ‬ຠߩᔕ↪ಽ㊁ࠍᰴ‫ߦޘ‬᜛ᄢߒߡ޿ߊᛛⴚജߥߤ߽㜞ߊ⹏ଔߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬2009 ᐕߦߪ‫☨ޔ‬࿖໡Ꮏળ⼏ᚲ߆ࠄ Blue Ribbon
Small Business Award ࠍฃ⾨ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

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㧔㧣㧕Neogen Corp
ࡊࡠࡈࠖ࡯࡞
ᧄ␠㧦ࡒࠪࠟࡦᎺ࡜ࡦࠪࡦࠣ
ഃ┙㧦1982 ᐕᓥᬺຬ㧔2009 ᐕ㧕㧦515 ฬ‫ޕ‬
ಽ㊁㧦㘩ຠ࡮േ‛቟ో⮎‛⵾ㅧ
URL㧦http://www.neogen.com/home.html
ᴪ㕟ࡀࠝࠫࠚࡦ␠㧔Neogen㧕ߪ㘩ຠߩ቟ోߣേ‛ߩஜᐽߩჇㅴࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ⵾ຠࠍ⵾ㅧߒߡ޿
ࠆ‫ޔࠅࠃߦ↢⊒ߩ∛∔߿ࠕ࡝࠹ࠢࡃޕ‬㘩ຠ߿േ‛ߩ቟ోᕈ߇໧㗴ⷞߐࠇࠆ੐ᘒ߇ᄙ⊒ߔࠆ⁁ᴫࠍฃߌ‫߿‛⮎ޔ‬Ქᕈࠍ⹜㛎ߔࠆ⵾ຠࠍឭଏߔࠆห␠ߪᕆᚑ㐳ࠍߣߍߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬1982 ᐕߦ࠹࠶࠼࡮࠼࡯ࡦ᳁㧔Ted Doan㧕᳁ߣࠫࡓ࡮ࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠻᳁㧔Jim Herbert㧕߇౒หഃᬺߒߚ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ߩ
CEO ߪࠫࠚ࡯ࡓࠬ࡮ࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠻᳁㧔 James L. Herbert㧕‫ࡦࠟࠪࡒޕ‬Ꮊᄢቇ⽷࿅㧔 Michigan
State University Foundation㧕߆ࠄᛩ⾗ࠍฃߌߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㘩ຠߣേ‛ߩ቟ోߦ⽸₂ߔࠆ⵾ຠࠍ
਎⇇⊛ߦଏ⛎ߔࠆ࡝࡯࠳࡯⊛ડᬺߣߒߡ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷߽㘧べ⊛ߥᚑ㐳ࠍㆀߍߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᬺോౝኈ㘩ຠ߇ᷡẖߢ߆ߟ⣣㘩ߒߡ߅ࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ෂ㒾ߥࡃࠢ࠹࡝ࠕ‫ޔ‬Ქᕈ‛⾰‫∛ޔ‬ේ૕‫⊒⺃࡯ࠡ࡞࡟ࠕޔ‬‛⾰߇฽߹ࠇߡ޿ߥ޿߆ߤ߁߆ࠍ޿ߜᣧߊ⏕⹺ߔࠆ࠾࡯࠭߇㜞ߊߥߞߡ߈ߡ߅ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬቟ో⏕଻ߩߚ߼ߩ㘩ຠ⹜㛎⵾ຠ㧔࡝࠻ࡑࠬ⚕ߩࠃ߁ߥ⹜㛎ࠠ࠶࠻‫ࠅ౉ࡦࡆޔ‬ಽᨆ⹜ᢱߥߤ㧕ࠍ⽼ᄁߒߡ޿ࠆ‫☨ޔ࠳࠽ࠞޔߪ␠ࡦࠚࠫࠝࡀޕ‬࿖‫ߡ޿߅ߦࡄ࠶ࡠ࡯࡛ޔ‬㈼ㄘኅ‫ޔ‬㘩⡺ടᎿ⠪‫ޔ‬ኅ⇓㘺ᢱ↢↥⠪ࠍ฽߻ࠛࡦ࠼࡙࡯ࠩ࡯ߦ⵾ຠࠍឭଏߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ኅ⇓Ꮢ႐ะߌߩ⮎‫⸻ޔࡦ࠴ࠢࡢޔ‬ᢿ‫⵾ࠍ⟎ⵝޔ‬ㅧ࡮⽼ᄁߔࠆ߶߆‫࠻࠶࡜ޔ‬㚟㒰↪⵾ຠ‫ޔ‬Ვ⩶ᶖᲥ⵾ຠ‫⎇ߪߦࠄߐޔ‬ⓥᚲะߌߩ⸻
ᢿ⵾ຠࠍ߽⵾ㅧߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠦࠕࠦࡦࡇ࠹ࡦࠬ
ห␠ߩᒝߺߪ‫⸻ޔ‬ᢿ↪࠹ࠬ࠻ 200 ⵾ຠએ਄ߦ߽෸߱⵾ຠ࡜ࠗࡦࠕ࠶ࡊࠍᛴ߃ߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ߎ
ߛ‫ޕ‬㘈ቴߦߣߞߡ߽‫ޔ‬቟ోኻ╷ߩࡢࡦࠬ࠻࠶ࡊࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬24 ᤨ㑆૕೙ߩࠞࠬ࠲ࡑ࡯ࠤࠕ߽㘈ቴߦߣߞߡ㊀ⷐߥࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫߇⹹ࡦ࡯ࡘ࠴࡯ࠜࡈޕ‬ㆬ߱
2009 ᐕਛዊડᬺ࠻࠶ࡊ 100 ࡜ࡦࠠࡦࠣߢ 21 ૏‫ߩ⹹ࠬࡉ࡯ࠜࡈޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ࠻࠶ࡊ 100 ࡜ࡦࠠࡦࠣߢ 87 ૏ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬120

㧔㧤㧕NIC Inc.
ࡊࡠࡈࠖ࡯࡞
ᧄ␠㧦ࠞࡦࠩࠬᎺࠝ࡟ࠗࠨ
ഃ┙㧦1992 ᐕᓥᬺຬ㧔2008 ᐕ㧕㧦473 ฬ‫ޕ‬
ಽ㊁㧦࠙ࠚࡉࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠹ࠖࡦࠣ
URL㧦http://www.nicusa.com/html/
ᴪ㕟
1992 ᐕߦࠫࠚࡈ࡝࡯࡮ࡈ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯᳁㧔Jeffery Fraser㧕ࠄߦࠃߞߡ⸳┙ߐࠇ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߩ CEO
ߪࡂ࡝࡯࡮ࡋ࡝ࡦ࠻ࡦ᳁㧔Harry H. Herington㧕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬1997 ᐕߦߪ‫ޔ‬5 ߟߩ⇣ߥࠆ࠙ࠚࡉࠨ
࡯ࡆࠬࠍ⛔วߒߡ‫ޟ‬National Information Consortium‫ޔߒ┙⸳ࠍޠ‬1999 ᐕߦࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻
ࡉ࡯ࡓߩ⛘㗂ᦼߦ਄႐ߒߚ޽ߣ‫ޔ‬2002 ᐕߦ NIC ߣᡷ⒓ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᬺോౝኈ
NIC ␠ߪᎺ߿࿾ᣇ᡽ᐭะߌߦ࠙ࠚࡉࡐ࡯࠲࡞ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍឭଏߔࠆઍ⴫⊛ߥડᬺߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ห␠ߪ߅ࠃߘ 20 ᎺߢᎺ᡽ᐭ߿࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕ߣᄾ⚂ࠍ⚿߮‫ޔࡦࠗࠩ࠺ߩ࠻ࠗࠨࡉࠚ࠙ߩࠄࠇߘޔ‬᭴▽‫ޔ‬ㆇ༡ߦ㑐ߔࠆᆔ⸤ࠍฃߌߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᜂᒰߔࠆᬺോߪ‫ޔ‬⒢↳๔ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ‫ᦝ⸵఺ࡦࠗ࡜ࡦࠝޔ‬ᣂࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ‫⥄ޔ‬േゞߩ࠽ࡦࡃ࡯ࡊ࡟࡯࠻߆ࠄᚲ᦭⠪╬ߩ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ⺒ߺߣࠆᬺോ‫଻ޔ‬㒾ળ␠߿㊄Ⲣᬺ⠪ะߌߩࡆࠫࡀࠬ࡜ࠗ࠮ࡦࠬ⊒ⴕ‫⸵ࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯ࠛ࡝ࠢ࡝ޔ‬นࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߥߤ‫ޔ‬࿾ᣇⴕ᡽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ
ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ৻⥸ࠍขࠅᛒߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠦࠕࠦࡦࡇ࠹ࡦࠬ
NIC ␠ߪ‫ޔ‬㔚ሶ᡽ᐭᏒ႐ߩߺߦὶὐࠍᒰߡࠆ਎⇇ߢ໑৻ߩ ડᬺߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ห␠ߩᒝߺߪ
‫ޟ‬Self-funded Model㧔⥄Ꮖ⾗㊄ࡕ࠺࡞㧕‫ޕߛ࡞࠺ࡕࠬࡀࠫࡆࠆࠇ߫ࠃߣޠ‬NIC ␠ߪήఘߢᎺ᡽
ᐭ߿࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕↪ߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍ᭴▽ߒ‫ࠍࠬࡆ࡯ࠨߩߘޔ‬ㅢߒߡᓧߚᚻᢙᢱ෼౉╬ࠍ᡽ᐭߣ㈩ಽߔࠆߣ޿߁ࡆࠫࡀࠬࡕ࠺࡞ߢ޽ࠅ‫⽷ޔ‬᡽⁁ᴫ߇෩ߒ޿Ꮊ࡮⥄ᴦ૕ߦߣߞߡߪೋᦼᛩ⾗߇ᛥ߃ࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬㕖Ᏹߦ૶޿߿ߔ޿ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬2009 ᐕߦߪࡈࠜ࡯࠴ࡘࡦ⹹ࠃࠅਛዊડ
ᬺ࠻࠶ࡊ 100 ࡜ࡦࠠࡦࠣߢ 77 ૏‫⹹ࠬࡉ࡯ࠜࡈޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ࠻࠶ࡊ 100 ࡜ࡦࠠࡦࠣߢ 90 ૏ߦߟߌߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

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㧔㧥㧕Meridian Bioscienceࡊࡠࡈࠖ࡯࡞
ᧄ␠㧦ࠝࡂࠗࠝᎺࠪࡦࠪ࠽࠹ࠖ
ഃ┙㧦1977 ᐕᓥᬺຬ㧔2009 ᐕ㧕㧦422 ฬ
ಽ㊁㧦ක⮎ຠ࡮⸻ᢿᯏེ⵾ㅧ
URL㧦http://www.meridianbioscience.com/ᴪ㕟ᓸ↢‛⸻ᢿቇߩኾ㐷ኅ࠙ࠖ࡝ࠕࡓ࡮ࡕ࠶࠻᳁㧔William Motto㧕ߣࠫࠚ࡝࡯࡮࡞࡯ࠕࡦ᳁
㧔Jerry Ruyan㧕߇ 1977 ᐕߦ೨りߣߥࠆࡔ࡝࠺ࠖࠕࡦ࡮࠳ࠗࠕࠣࡁࠬ࠹ࠖࠢࠬ␠㧔Meridian
Diagnostics㧕ࠍ⸳┙ߒߚ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ߩ CEO ߪ࡚ࠫࡦ࡮ࠢ࡜࠶࠻࡜࡯᳁㧔John Kraeutler㧕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ห␠߇໡ຠൻߦᚑഞߒߚ⵾ຠߩਛߦߪ‫ޔ‬AIDS ᖚ⠪ߩਛߢᦨ߽ᄙ޿ᱫ࿃ߢ޽ࠆ࠾ࡘ࡯ࡕࠪ
ࠬ࠹ࠖࠬ࡮ࠞ࡝࠾⢖Ἳ㧔pneumocystis carinii pneumonia㧕ߣࡑࠗࠦࡊ࡜࠭ࡑ⢖Ἳߩ࠹ࠬ࠻ࠠ
࠶࠻߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᬺ⇇ౝߢߪ‫ޔ‬⒢ᒁ߈೨೑⋉₸‫⚐ޔ‬೑⋉₸‫ޔ‬ᛩ⾗೑⋉₸ߥߤߩᜰᮡߢ࠻࠶ࡊߣߥߞ
ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᄁ਄િ߮₸߿ 12 ࡩ᦬‫ޔ‬36 ࡩ᦬ߩᩣᑼ⾗ᧄ㈩ᒰ₸ߩિ߽߮࠻࠶ࡊߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᕆᚑ㐳ࠍㆀߍߡ޿ࠆડᬺߣ޿߃ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ᬺോౝኈห␠ߪ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥᚲ‫∛ޔ‬㒮‫ޔ‬୘ੱ⸻≮ᚲะߌߦ఺∉⸻ᢿ࠹ࠬ࠻ࠠ࠶࠻ߣャㅍᇦ૕ࠍ⵾ㅧߒߡ޿
ࠆ‫ޕ‬ห␠ߩ⵾ຠߪ‫ⴊޔ‬ᶧ‫ޔ‬ዩ‫ઁߩߘޔ‬૕ᶧࠍಽᨆߒ‫ޔ‬⢖Ἳ‫ߩߤߥࠩࡦࠛ࡞ࡈࡦࠗޔ‬๭ๆེ∔∛‫ޔ‬ẩ≌ߥߤߩ⢗⣺∔∛‫ޔ‬නᩭ⃿∝‫ޔ‬᳓∊≙ߥߤߩ࠙ࠗ࡞ࠬ‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ነ↢⯻ߥߤࠍ⸻ᢿߔࠆ߽
ߩߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ห␠ߩ࡜ࠗࡈࠨࠗࠛࡦࠬㇱ㐷ߢߪ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥᚲߥߤߢ೑↪ߐࠇࠆ᛫ේ‫ޔ‬᛫૕‫⵾ߩ⮎⹜ޔ‬ㅧ࡮⽼ᄁࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ߶߆‫⮎⵾ޔ‬ળ␠ะߌߦ‫⵾‛↢ߩઁߩߘ߿ࠢࡄࡦ࠲ޔ‬೷ߩฃ⸤⵾ㅧ߽ⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ห␠ߪ⚂ 150 ߦ਄ࠆක⮎⸻ᢿ⵾ຠࠍ⵾ㅧߒ‫ߩࠄࠇߘޔ‬ᄁ਄㜞ߪ✚෼౉ߩ 80㧑ߦ߽෸߱‫ޕ‬ห␠ߪ☨࿖ౝߢߪ࠳ࠗ࡟ࠢ࠻࠮࡯࡞ࠬࠍⴕ߁৻ᣇ‫⵾ޔ‬ຠ⽼ᄁ✂߽ᜬߞߡ޿ࠆ‫⻉ࡄ࠶ࡠ࡯࡛ߚ߹ޕ‬࿖ߦߪ༡ᬺᜂᒰ߽㈩⟎ߒ‫ߩઁߩߘޔ‬ᶏᄖᏒ႐ߢ߽࿾రߩᵹㅢᬺ⠪ࠍᵴ↪ߒߚ⽼ᄁᵴേࠍⴕߞߡ
޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠦࠕࠦࡦࡇ࠹ࡦࠬ
ห␠ߩᒝߺߪᛛⴚജߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬਎⇇ߢೋ߼ߡ‫ޔ‬10 ಽߢ⚿ᨐߩ಴ࠆㅪ㎮⃿⩶࠹ࠬ࠻ࠠ
࠶࠻ࠍ૞ࠅ಴ߒߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ห␠ߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ࠄ߇ẩ≌ߩේ࿃ߣߥࠆࡃࠢ࠹࡝ࠕࠍ⊒⷗ߒߡ‫ޔ‬2005ᐕߦࡁ࡯ࡌ࡞කቇ↢ℂቇ⾨ࠍฃ⾨ߔࠆߣ޿߁ᔟ᜼߽㆐ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩ⹹ࡦ࡯ࡘ࠴࡯ࠜࡈޕ‬2009 ᐕਛዊડᬺ࠻࠶ࡊ 100 ࡜ࡦࠠࡦࠣߢ 34 ૏‫ߩ⹹ࠬࡉ࡯ࠜࡈޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ࠻࠶ࡊ 100 ࡜ࡦࠠࡦࠣߢ 55 ૏‫ޕ‬122

㧔10㧕Somanetics Corp
ࡊࡠࡈࠖ࡯࡞
ᧄ␠㧦ࡒࠪࠟࡦᎺ࠻ࡠࠗ
ഃ┙㧦1982 ᐕᓥᬺຬ㧔2009 ᐕ㧕㧦133 ฬ
ಽ㊁㧦ක≮↪ຠߣᯏེߩ㐿⊒⵾ㅧ
URL㧦http://www.somanetics.com/
ᴪ㕟⃻࿷ߩ CEO ߪࡉ࡞࡯ࠬ࡮ࡃ࡟࠶࠻᳁㧔Bruce J. Barrett㧕‫޿ߒ⹦ޕ‬ડᬺߩᴪ㕟ߦߟ޿ߡߪᖱ
ႎ౏㐿ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᬺോౝኈ࠰ࡑࡀ࠹ࠖࠢࠬ␠㧔Somanetics㧕ߪ⣖ౝ‫ޔ‬૕ౝਛߩⴊᶧ㉄⚛࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᄌൻࠍ⸘᷹ߔࠆ In
Vivo Optical Spectroscopy (INVOS) System Cerebral/Somatic Oximeter ߩ㐿⊒ߣ⵾ㅧ‫ࡑޔ‬࡯ࠤ࠹ࠖࡦࠣߦജࠍᵈ޿ߢ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ห␠ߪ༡ᬺ✂ߣ⥃ᐥ࠴࡯ࡓࠍ☨࿖ߦ⟎߈‫ޔ‬INVOS ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ⵾
ຠࠍ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄ‫ޔ࠳࠽ࠞޔ‬ਛ᧲‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ‫ޔ‬ධࠕࡈ࡝ࠞߢ߽⽼ᄁߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㕖ଚⷅᕈߩ⣖࡮り૕㉄⚛Ớᐲ⸘ߩ⵾ㅧ⽼ᄁߦ߅ߌࠆవ㚟⊛ડᬺߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᄢੱ࡮ዊఽะߌߩ⣖㉄⚛Ớᐲ⸘ߦട߃‫ޔ‬⣖り૕ㅪ┙㉄⚛Ớᐲ⸘߽㐿⊒࡮⵾ㅧߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ห␠ߪㆊ෰ 12 ᐕ㑆ߦ 2 ࠤ࠲บߩ⽼ᄁᚑ㐳₸ࠍታ⃻ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬2008 ᐕߩᄁ਄ߪㆊ෰ᦨ㜞ߩ
4,750 ਁ࠼࡞ߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬INVOS ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߪ 700 એ਄ߩ☨࿖ߩ∛㒮ߢ૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߶߆‫ޔ‬ᶏᄖߢ߽ 1,200 ࡩᚲએ਄ߢ೑↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠦࠕࠦࡦࡇ࠹ࡦࠬ
࠰ࡑࡀ࠹ࠖࠢࠬ␠ߪ‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߦห␠ߩ⵾ຠࠍ೑↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ⥃ᐥ㑐ଥ⠪‫ޔ‬ᢇᕆක‫ޔ‬ᄖ⑼ක‫⼔⋴ޔ‬ᇚߥߤߩ⺰ᢥ㧔ߔߢߦ 600 ᧄએ਄ߩኾ㐷ᢥ₂߇⊒⴫ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧕ࠍᵴ↪ߒߡ‫ߛ߹ޔ‬೑↪ߒߡ޿ߥ޿ක≮㑐ଥ⠪ߦห␠⵾ຠߩᕈ⢻ࠍ⸷߃ࠆࡑ࡯ࠤ࠹ࠖࡦࠣᚻᴺࠍ↪޿ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ห␠ߪ‫ޔ‬ห␠ߩ⵾ຠ߇ක≮ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩ⃻႐ߢࠬ࠲ࡦ࠳࡯࠼㧔ၮᧄ⊛ߦቢ஻ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧕ౕེߣߥࠆߎߣࠍ⁓ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫␠ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ຬߩඨಽએ਄ࠍක≮ᯏ㑐ൕോ㧔ర⋴⼔ᇚߥߤක≮ߩ⃻႐ߢൕോߒߚ⚻㛎ߩ޽ࠆ᦭⾗ᩰ⠪㧕⚻㛎⠪ߢභ߼‫ޔ‬Ᏹߦ⵾ຠߩᡷ⦟ࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬2009 ᐕߦߪ‫⹹ࡦࡘ࠴࡯ࠜࡈޔ‬߇ㆬ߱ਛዊડᬺ࠻࠶ࡊ 100 ࡜ࡦࠠࡦࠣߢ 83 ૏‫ߩ⹹ࠬࡉ࡯ࠜࡈޔ‬ਛዊડᬺ࠻࠶ࡊ 100 ࡜ࡦࠠࡦࠣߢ 43 ૏‫ޕ‬123

7.4. VC ߩᡰេߢ IPO ࠍ㆐ᚑߒߚડᬺ
ᣂⷙᩣᑼ౏㐿Ꮢ႐ߩᦨᣂേะ
2006 ᐕ࡮2007 ᐕߣᣂⷙᩣᑼ౏㐿㧔Initial Public Offerings: IPO㧕Ꮢ႐ߪᵴ⊒ߥേ߈ࠍ⷗
ߖߚ߽ߩߩ‫ޔ‬2008 ᐕߦߪ IPO ઙᢙߪ೨ᐕᲧ 80.7%ᷫߩ 57 ઙ‫⺞ޔ‬㆐✚㗵߽೨ᐕᲧ 54.9%ᷫߣ‫ޔ‬ਇᴫߩᓇ㗀ࠍᄢ߈ߊฃߌࠆ⚿ᨐߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬
2009 ᐕߦ౉ߞߡ߆ࠄ߽‫ ╙ޔ‬1 ྾ඨᦼߦߪ IPO ઙᢙߪ 2 ઙߣ‫ޔ‬ㆊ෰ᦨૐࠍ⸥㍳ߔࠆࠬ࠲࡯࠻
ߣߥߞߚ߇‫ ╙ޔ‬2 ྾ඨᦼએ㒠ߦ࿁ᓳࠍ⷗ߖ466‫ޔ‬66 ઙߩ IPO ߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆߦ⥋ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߦ․ޕ‬2009 ᐕᓟඨߦᕆߥ࿁ᓳ߇⷗ࠄࠇߚ߇‫࡯ࠨࡦࡐࠬޔߪࠇߎޔ‬ᡰេ IPO㧔financial sponsorbacked IPO㧦಴⾗ߔࠆࡊ࡜ࠗࡌ࡯࠻ࠛࠢࠗ࠹ࠖ࡯ડᬺ߿ࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞ડᬺ߇⚻༡ᮭࠍᜬߟࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯ડᬺߩ IPO㧕467߇ 2008 ᐕߦᲧߴ⪺ߒߊ࿁ᓳߒߚߎߣߦ⿠࿃ߔࠆߣ⷗ࠄࠇߡ޿
ࠆ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬2009 ᐕ╙ 4 ྾ඨᦼߦⴕࠊࠇߚ IPO32 ઙߩ߁ߜ‫ޔ‬ඨᢙએ਄ߩ 19 ઙ߇ࠬࡐࡦࠨ࡯ᡰ
េ IPO ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߒ߆ߒ‫ޔ‬IPO Ꮢ႐߇࿁ᓳߒᆎ߼ߚ 2009 ᐕᓟඨߣ‫ޔ‬IPO ߇ࡇ࡯ࠢߣߥߞߚ 2007 ᐕࠍᲧセߒߚ႐วߦߪ‫ ߛ߹ߛ߹ޔ‬IPO ᢙߦᄢ߈ߥ㐿߈߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޔ‬2009 ᐕ╙ 4 ྾ඨᦼߦ⷗ࠄࠇߚ IPO
ઙᢙߪ‫ޔ‬2007 ᐕߩࡇ࡯ࠢᤨߩ⚂ 3 ಽߩ 1 ⒟ᐲߢߒ߆ߥ޿ߥߤ468‫ޔ‬IPO Ꮢ႐ߪଐὼ࿁ᓳㅜ਄ߢ޽
ࠆߎߣ߇ુ߃ࠆ㧔࿑ 14 ෳᾖ㧕
‫ޕ‬

466

Princewaterhosecoopers. ̌2008 US IPO Watch: Analysis and Trends.̍ April 2008.
http://www.pwc.com/en_US/us/transaction-services/assets/2008_us_ipo_watch_report.pdf
467ߎߩࠬࡐࡦࠨ࡯ߦߪ‫࡞࠲ࡇࡖࠠ࡮࡯ࡖ࠴ࡦࡌޔ‬㧔venture capital㧕‫⾈ޔ‬෼㧔buyout㧕‫⾗ဳࡦ࠾ࠩࡔޔ‬㊄㧔mezzanine㧕‫࠼ࡦࠔࡈ࡮࡯ࠖ࠹ࠗࠢࠛ࡮࠻࡯ࡌࠗ࡜ࡊޔ‬㧔private equity funds㧕߇฽߹ࠇࠆ‫ޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬ߎߎߢߪ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᒻᑼߢ⾗㊄ឭଏࠍฃߌߚડᬺߩ IPO ߩߎߣࠍᜰߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬Douglass, Bill and Jo Anne
Barrameda (Brainerd Communicators, Inc.). ̌Return of the IPO market 2009 fourth quarter deal
volume and values surge.̍ Princewaterhousecoopers. Dec. 18, 2009. http://www.pwc.com/US/en/pressreleases/2009/PricewaterhouseCoopers-US-IPO-Watch.jhtml
468
ห਄

124

࿑ 14 ྾ඨᦼߏߣߦ⷗ࠆᣂⷙᩣᑼ౏㐿Ꮢ႐േะ㧔2006㨪2009 ᐕ㧕

ᣂ
ⷙ
ᩣ
ᑼ
౏
㐿
ઙ
ᢙ

✚
㗵
义
ం
丈
个
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಴ᚲ㧦Pricewaterhousecopers ߩ⾗ᢱࠍෳᾖߦ૞ᚑ

2010 ᐕߩ IPO Ꮢ႐ߪㆊ෰ᢙᐕ㑆ࠃࠅ߽ᵴ⊒ൻߔࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ޿߁ᦼᓙ߇Ꮢ႐ߦߪ⷗ࠄ
ࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޔ‬2009 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 31 ᣣߩᤨὐߢ‫ޔ‬ㄭ޿዁᧪ߩ IPO ታᣉࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ⸽೛ขᒁᆔ
ຬળ㧔Securities and Exchange Commission㧦SEC㧕ߦ IPO 㑐ㅪ⾗ᢱࠍឭ಴ߒߡ޿ࠆડᬺߩᢙ
ߪ 95 ␠⒟ᐲߦ߹ߢჇടߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ ߩ࠻ࠗࠨࠣࡦࠠ࡯ࡢ࠻࠶ࡀ࡞ࡖࠪ࡯࠰ޔߚ߹ޕ‬Facebook ߿
LinkedIn‫ޔ‬ᤓᐕ 11 ᦬ߦ eBay ߇ᄁළߒߚࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻㔚⹤ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩ Skype‫࡮ࡦ࡜࠻ࠬ࡟ޔ‬࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߩ Yelp‫ࠍ࠻ࠗࠨࠣࡠࡉࡠࠢࠗࡑޔ‬ឭଏߔࠆ࠷ࠗ࠶࠲࡯㧔Twitter㧕ߥߤߣ޿ߞߚ⪺ฬߥ Web ᛛⴚ♽ડᬺ߇ IPO ࠍ⋡ᜰߔߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ⷗ࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬2010 ᐕߩ IPO Ꮢ႐ߦኻߔࠆᦼᓙ߇
㜞߹ߞߡ޿ࠆ469‫ޕ‬ࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯࡮ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡝ࠬ࠻㧔Venture Capitalist: VC㧕߆ࠄᡰេࠍฃߌ‫ޔ‬ᣂⷙᩣᑼ౏㐿
㧔Initial Public Offering: IPO㧕ߦᚑഞߒߚ‫ޔߪߊߒ߽ޔ‬IPO ࠍᨐߚߒߘ߁ߥડᬺࠍ⚫੺ߔ
ࠆ‫ޕ‬

469

Conroy, Erin. ̌IPO comeback in 2009 sets stage for busy 2010.̍ Associated Press Online. Dec.
31, 2009.

125

㧔㧝㧕SolarWinds, Inc.
౏㐿ᣣ㧦2009 ᐕ 5 ᦬ 20 ᣣ㌏ᨩ⇛⒓㧦SWI㧔࠾ࡘ࡯࡛࡯ࠢ⸽೛ขᒁᚲ㧕
IPO 㑐ㅪᖱႎ
⺞㆐㗵㧦1 ం 5,150 ਁ࠼࡞㧔2008 ᐕ 3 ᦬ߦ IPO ↳⺧ࠍߒߚ㓙ߦߪ‫⋡ޔ‬ᮡ⺞㆐㗵ߣߒߡ 2 ం 5,000 ਁ࠼࡞ࠍ᜼ߍߡ޿ߚ㧕IT㧦ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߩࡕ࠾࠲࡝ࡦࠣߣୃ❲ࠍⴕ߁࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕ
↥ᬺ࡮੐ᬺಽ㊁ࠍឭଏ࠼࠽࡞࠼࡮࡛ࡦࠬ㧔Donald Yonce㧕ഃᬺ⠪࠺ࠗࡧࠖ࠶࠼࡮࡛ࡦࠬ㧔David Yonce㧕ഃᬺᐕ
1998 ᐕ
ᧄ␠㧦࠹ࠠࠨࠬᎺࠝ࡯ࠬ࠹ࠖࡦ
᰷Ꮊ᜚ὐ㧦ࠕࠗ࡞࡜ࡦ࠼
᜚ὐࠕࠫࠕ᜚ὐ㧦ࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡯࡞
☨࿖ౝߩ᜚ὐ㧦ࠝࠢ࡜ࡎࡑᎺ‫ࠬࠨࠠ࠹ޔ‬Ꮊ☨࿖ᄖߩ᜚ὐ㧦࠾ࡘ࡯ࠫ࡯࡜ࡦ࠼‫౒ࠦࠚ࠴ޔ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬๺࿖ᓥᬺຬᢙో␠ 300 ฬᒝࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯࡮ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞㧔⾗㊄₪ᓧవߪએਅߩㅢࠅ㧕xࡃࠗࡦ࡮ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞㧔Bain Capital㧕⾗㊄⺞㆐ᣇᴺxࠗࡦࠨࠗ࠻࡮ࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯࠭㧔Insight Ventures㧕xࠝ࡯ࠬ࠹ࠖࡦ࡮ࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯࠭㧔Austin Ventures㧕㘈ቴᢙ⚂ 8 ਁ 5,000 ઙ㧔☨࿖ᄖߩ㘈ቴᢙࠍ㒰ߊ㧕ࡆࠫࡀࠬࡕ࠺࡞ ૐࠦࠬ࠻࡮ࡆࠫࡀࠬࡕ࠺࡞㧔Low Cost Business Model㧕ᚢ⇛ࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯㧔Strategic Partners㧕㧦xࡑࠗࠢࡠ࠰ࡈ࠻㧔Microsoft㧕xࠪࠬࠦ࡮ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ࠭㧔Cisco Systems㧕ᛛⴚࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯㧔Technology Partner㧕㧦xࠪࠬࠦ࡮ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ࠭㧔Cisco Systems㧕
xࠫࡘࡇ࠲࡯࡮ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢࠬ㧔Jupiter Networks㧕
x࠺࡞㧔Dell㧕x࡝ࡃ࡯ࡌ࠶࠼࡮࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯㧔Riverbed Technology㧕xF5 ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢࠬ㧔F5 Networks㧕ឭ៤వx
3 ࠦࡓ࡮ࠦ࡯ࡐ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ㧔3com Corporation㧕
x
ADTRAN‫ࠬࠢ࡯ࡢ࠻࠶ࡀ࡮࠼ࡦࡂ࠻ࡈ࡟ޔ‬㧔Left Hand Networks㧕xࡃࡦ࠭ࡇ࡯࠼㧔Bandspeed㧕
x
SMC ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢࠬ㧔SMC Networks㧕xࠪ࡞ࡃ࡯࡮ࡇ࡯ࠢ㧔Silver Peak㧕xࠕ࠮࠽࡮ࡈࠔࠗࡗ࡯PAC㧔ATHENA FireAPC㧕xElfiq
ౣ⽼ᄁࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯㧔Reselling Partners㧕㧦
xࠪࠬࠦ VARS㧔Cisco VARS㧕┹วડᬺࡅࡘ࡯࡟࠶࠻ࡄ࠶ࠞ࡯࠼㧔Hewlett-Packard㧕࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻
http://www.solarwinds.com/
಴ᚲ㧦Austin Business Journal (Texas). ̌Solarwinds shares perform well on first tradingday.̍ May 20, 2009.; Duke, Scott. ̌OpenTable IPO Ends Drought, Brings Hope to126Valley.̍ San Jose Mercury News. May 20, 2009.; Hamm, Steve. ̌SolarWinds̉ IPO Raises
Hope.̍ Business Week. May 20, 2009.
http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/may2009/tc20090520_648045.htm; Holmes,
Robert. ̌SolarWinds IPO Shines.̍ TheStreet.Com. May 20, 2009.
http://www.thestreet.com/story/10503496/1/solarwinds-ipo-shines.html; SolarWinds, Inc.
ߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻ࠍෳᾖ

࠰࡯࡜࡯࠙ࠗࡦ࠭␠㧔SolarWinds㧕ߪ‫ࡑࡎ࡜ࠢࠝޔ‬Ꮊ࠲࡞ࠨߢഃᬺߐࠇߚડᬺߢ‫ޔ‬ᬺോౝኈߪᄥ㓁⊒㔚ߦ߽㘑ജ⊒㔚ߦ߽㑐ଥ߇ߥ޿߽ߩߩ‫ޔ‬ഃᬺ⠪ߚߜߩቝቮᅢ߈߇ᓇ㗀ߒ‫ޔ‬ᄥ㓁߆ࠄ㜞ㅦߢᵹ಴ߔࠆ‫ޟ‬ᄥ㓁㘑‫ࠍޠ‬ᗧ๧ߔࠆ࠰࡯࡜࡯࠙ࠗࡦ࠭ߣฬઃߌࠄࠇߚ470 ‫ޕ‬ห␠ߪ‫ޔ‬1998 ᐕߦࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ࡮ࠛࡦࠫ࠾ࠕ߇࡝ࠕ࡞࠲ࠗࡓߢᖱႎ㓸Ⓧࠍߒ‫ޔ‬ಽᨆࠍߔࠆߎߣࠍน⢻ߣߔࠆ࠷࡯
࡞࠮࠶࠻471ߩ㐿⊒࡮⽼ᄁ‫ޔ‬2001 ᐕߦߪࠝࡦ࡜ࠗࡦ਄ߢ೑↪น⢻ߥ‫ߩࠢ࡯ࡢ࠻࠶ࡀޔ‬૞േ⁁ᴫࠍࡕ࠾࠲࡝ࡦࠣߔࠆࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍ㐿⊒࡮⊒ᄁߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬2005 ᐕߦ‫࡞࠲ࡇࡖࠠ࡮ࡦࠗࡃޔ‬㧔Bain
Capital㧕ߣࠗࡦࠨࠗ࠻࡮ࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯࠭㧔Insight Ventures㧕߆ࠄߩᛩ⾗₪ᓧߦᚑഞߒ472 ‫ޔ‬⠉ᐕߦߪ 2001㨪2004 ᐕߦࠝ࡯ࠬ࠹ࠖࡦ࡮ࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯࠭㧔Austin Ventures㧕ߩࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ߢ޽ߞ
ߚࡑࠗࠤ࡞࡮S࡮ࡌࡀ࠶࠻᳁㧔Michael S. Bennett㧕ࠍᦨ㜞⚻༡⽿છ⠪㧔CEO㧕ߦㄫ߃473‫␠ᧄޔ‬ࠍ࠹ࠠࠨࠬᎺࠝ࡯ࠬ࠹ࠖࡦߦ⒖ォߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ห␠ߪ‫ޔ‬Ფᐕᣂ⵾ຠࠍ⊒⴫ߔࠆઁ‫ޔ‬2007 ᐕߦߪ IT ▤ℂࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ࡯ะߌߩࠝࡦ࡜ࠗࡦ࡮
ࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ࡯‫ޟ‬thwack‫ߜ┙߽ޠ‬਄ߍߡ޿ࠆ474‫ޕ‬2008 ᐕೋᣨߦ IPO ࠍ⋡ᜰߔḰ஻ߦขࠅដ߆
ࠅ‫ޔ‬⠉ᐕ 5 ᦬ߦ IPO ߦᚑഞߒߚ475‫ޕ‬ห␠ߩ IPO ߪ‫☨ޔ‬࿖⚻ᷣߩ࿁ᓳߩళߒߣߒߡᄢ߈ߊᵈ⋡ߐࠇߚ߇‫࡞࠲ࡇࡖࠠ࡯ࡖ࠴ࡦࡌޔߪࠇߎޔ‬㧔VC㧕߆ࠄߩᛩ⾗ࠍ₪ᓧߒߡ IPO ࠍᨐߚߒߚડᬺᢙ߇‫ޔ‬
2006 ᐕߦ 56 ઙ‫ޔ‬2007 ᐕߦ 86 ઙߣ㗅⺞ߥჇടࠍ⷗ߖߚᓟ‫ޔ‬2008 ᐕߦߪਇᴫߩ޽߅ࠅࠍฃߌ‫ޔ‬
6 ઙߦ߹ߢỗᷫߒߡ޿ߚ476ߎߣߦࠃࠆ‫ޕ‬VC ߆ࠄߩᛩ⾗ࠍ₪ᓧᓟߦ IPO ߦᚑഞߒߚડᬺߪ‫ޔ‬2008
ᐕ 8 ᦬ߩ࡜࠶ࠢࠬࡍ࡯ࠬ࡮ࡎࠬ࠹ࠖࡦࠣ␠㧔Rackspace Hosting㧕એ᧪⚂ 9 ࡨ᦬߱ࠅߣߥࠅ‫ޔ‬
VC ᛩ⾗ߦࠃࠆ IPO ߩᓳᵴߩ߈ߑߒߣߒߡᝒ߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ477‫ޕ‬⃻࿷‫ޔ‬ഃᬺ⠪ߪ࠰࡯࡜࡯࠙ࠗࡦ࠭␠ߩ⚻༡╬ߦߪ㑐ࠊߞߡ߅ࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ห␠ߩ⃻ⴕ⚻༡㒯ߪ‫ࡃޔ‬ࠗࡦ࡮ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞‫ ߩ࠭࡯ࡖ࠴ࡦࡌ࡮ࡦࠖ࠹ࠬ࡯ࠝޔ࠭࡯ࡖ࠴ࡦࡌ࡮࠻ࠗࠨࡦࠗޔ‬3 ␠ߩ㑐ଥ⠪

470

Hamm, Steve. ̌SolarWinds̉ IPO Raises Hope.̍ Business Week. May 20, 2009.
http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/may2009/tc20090520_648045.htm
471
SolarWinds. ̌/QTGVJCP%WUVQOGTU&TCOCVKECNN[5KORNKHy Network Diagnostics andTroubleshooting with SolarWinds Engineer's Toolset.̍
http://www.solarwinds.com/company/PressReleases/release.aspx?id=1022
472
SolarWinds. ̌Corporate Fact Sheet.̍ 2009.
http://www.solarwinds.com/resources/datasheets/CorporateFactSheet.pdf?method=PO
473
SolarWinds. ̌Corporate Governance, Biography.̍ http://phx.corporateir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=220867&p=irol-govBio&ID=182857
474
SolarWinds. ̌Corporate Fact Sheet.̍ 2009.
http://www.solarwinds.com/resources/datasheets/CorporateFactSheet.pdf?method=PO
475
Holmes, Robert. ̌SolarWinds IPO Shines.̍ TheStreet.Com. May 20, 2009.
http://www.thestreet.com/story/10503496/1/solarwinds-ipo-shines.html
476Hamm, Steve. ̌SolarWinds̉ IPO Raises Hope.̍ Business Week. May 20, 2009.
http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/may2009/tc20090520_648045.htm
477
Holmes, Robert. ̌SolarWinds IPO Shines.̍ TheStreet.Com. May 20, 2009.
http://www.thestreet.com/story/10503496/1/solarwinds-ipo-shines.html

127߿‫࡯ࡖ࠴ࡦࡌޔ‬ડᬺߩ⚻༡⚻㛎߇޽ࠆᄖㇱߩੱ᧚ߦࠃߞߡභ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ478‫ޕ‬ห␠ߪ⥄ࠄߩᚑ
ഞߩ⒁⸬ࠍ‫ޟޔ‬thwack‫ࠍޠ‬ㅢߓ‫ޔ‬IT ▤ℂࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ࡯ߣߟߥ߇ࠅࠍ᭴▽ߒ‫ޔ‬೑↪⠪߇⋥㕙ߔࠆ⺖㗴ߩᛠីࠍ㊀ⷞߒߚᚑᨐߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ479‫ޕ‬
࿑ 15

IPO એ㒠ߩᩣଔផ⒖

಴ᚲ㧦New York Stock Exchange. ̌SolarWinds, Inc.̍ Retrieved on Feb. 18, 2010.
http://www.nyse.com/about/listed/lcddata.html?ticker=swi&fq=D&ezd=1Y&index=5

࿑ 16

IPO એ㒠ߩ⊒ⴕᷣߺᩣᑼᢙផ⒖

಴ᚲ㧦New York Stock Exchange. ̌SolarWinds, Inc.̍ Retrieved on Feb. 18, 2010.
http://www.nyse.com/about/listed/lcddata.html?ticker=swi&fq=D&ezd=1Y&index=5478

SolarWinds. ̌Corporate Governance, Management.̍ http://phx.corporateir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=220867&p=irol-govmanage
479
SolarWinds. ̌SolarWinds: Rewriting the Rules of Network Management.̍
http://www.solarwinds.com/company/

128

㧔㧞㧕OpenTable, Inc.
౏㐿ᣣ㧦2009 ᐕ 5 ᦬ 21 ᣣ
IPO 㑐ㅪᖱႎ
㌏ᨩ⇛⒓㧦OPEN㧔࠽ࠬ࠳࠶ࠢ㧕⺞㆐㗵㧦6,000 ਁ࠼࡞↥ ᬺ ࡮ ੐ ᬺ ಽ IT㧦࡟ࠬ࠻࡜ࡦะߌߦ੍⚂ߩ⥄േฃߌઃߌ‫▤࡞ࡉ࡯࠹ޔ‬ℂ‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬㘈ቴᖱႎ
㊁▤ℂࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍឭଏ
ഃᬺ⠪࠴ࡖ࠶ࠢ࡮࠹ࡦࡊ࡟࠻ࡦ㧔Chuck Templeton㧕
ഃᬺᐕ
1998 ᐕ
᜚ὐᧄ␠㧦ࠞ࡝ࡈࠜ࡞࠾ࠕᎺࠨࡦࡈ࡜ࡦࠪࠬࠦ
ᓥᬺຬᢙ304 ฬ㧔2008 ᐕ㧕ࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯࡮ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞
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1 ਁ 2,000 ઙ㘈ቴᢙ㧔㘈ቴᢙߦߪ☨࿖ߛߌߢߪߥߊ‫⧷ޔࠦࠪࠠࡔޔ࠳࠽ࠞޔ‬࿖‫੽ޔ࠷ࠗ࠼ޔ‬࿖‫ޔ‬ࠬࡍࠗࡦ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߩ㘈ቴᢙ߇฽߹ࠇࠆ㧕⽼ᄁࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯㧔Distribution Partners㧕㧦
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AOLx
NYC & Co.
xࠪ࠹ࠖ࡯ࠟࠗ࠼㧔CityGuide㧕x
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http://www.opentable.com/default.aspx
಴ᚲ㧦Avalos, George. ̌San Ramon Firms Files for $100 million IPO.̍ San Jose Mercury
New. Aug. 18, 2009.; Business Wire. ̌OpenTable Founder Speaks to StreetSideInvestor in
Private-to-Public.̍ BNET. Dec. 4, 2000.
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2000_Dec_4/ai_67529559/; OpenTable ߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻ࠍෳᾖ

129

ࠞ࡝ࡈࠜ࡞࠾ࠕᎺࠨࡦࡈ࡜ࡦࠪࠬࠦߦ᜚ὐࠍ⟎ߊᛛⴚ♽ࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯ડᬺߩࠝ࡯ࡊࡦ࠹࡯ࡉ࡞
␠㧔OpenTable㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬1998 ᐕߦ easyeat.com ߣߒߡഃᬺߐࠇߚ480‫⃻ޕ‬࿷‫␠࡞ࡉ࡯࠹ࡦࡊ࡯ࠝޔ‬ߩഃᬺ⠪ߢ޽ࠆ࠴ࡖ࠶ࠢ࡮࠹ࡦࡊ࡟࠻ࡦ᳁㧔Chuck Templeton㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬ห␠ߩ⚻༡ߦߪ㑐ࠊߞߡ߅ࠄߕ‫ޔ‬2001 ᐕએ㒠‫࡯࠳ࠗࡃࡠࡊࠬࡆ࡯ࠨࡦࠗ࡜ࡦࠝޔ‬ડᬺߦ߅ߌࠆ⚻༡⚻㛎ࠍᜬߟᦨ㜞⚻༡⽿છ⠪㧔CEO㧕߇ห␠ߩ⚻༡ࠍᜂߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬2007 ᐕߦߪ eBay ␠߿ࡍࠗࡄ࡞␠㧔PayPal㧕ߢCEO ߿ࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻⚻㛎ߩ޽ࠆࠫࠚࡈ࡝࡯࡮࡚ࠫ࡯࠳ࡦ᳁㧔Jeffery Jordan㧕߇ CEO ߦዞછߒߡ޿ࠆ481‫ޕ‬ࠝ࡯ࡊࡦ࠹࡯ࡉ࡞␠ߩ IPO ߪ‫ޔ‬2009 ᐕߦ߅ߌࠆ࠽ࠬ࠳࠶ࠢߩ IPO ߩਛߢߪ 7 ⇟⋡‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚ♽ડᬺߣߒߡߪ 4 ⇟⋡ߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚ♽ࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯߇ኒ㓸ߔࠆࡌࠗࠛ࡝ࠕ࿾ၞߩ᥊᳇࿁ᓳߦ
ะߌߚᏗᦸࠍ␜ߔ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬߣߒߡฃߌᱛ߼ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
࿑ 17

IPO એ㒠ߩᩣଔផ⒖㧔ᩣଔන૏㧦☨࠼࡞㧕಴ᚲ㧦NASDAQ. ̌Interactive Stock Chart ̄ (OPEN).̍ Retrieved on Feb. 18, 2010.
http://www.nasdaq.com/aspx/dynamic_charting.aspx?symbol=OPEN&selected=OPEN

480

Gage, Debora. ̌OpenTable Sets Its Price at $20 per Share; Initial Public Offerings.̍ San
Francisco Chronicle. May 21, 2009
481
OpenTable, Inc. ̌OpenTable: Who We Are.̍ http://www.opentable.com/info/staff.aspx

130㧔㧟㧕Medidata Solutions౏㐿ᣣ㧦2009 ᐕ 6 ᦬ 25 ᣣ
IPO 㑐ㅪᖱႎ
㌏ᨩ⇛⒓㧦MDSO㧔࠽ࠬ࠳࠶ࠢ㧕⺞㆐㗵㧦1 ం 143 ਁ࠼࡞ක≮ᖱႎ㧦ࡃࠗࠝᛛⴚ߿⵾⮎‫↢ޔ‬๮⑼ቇಽ㊁ߩડᬺ߇ታᣉߔࠆ⥃ᐥ⹜㛎߿ߘߩઁߩ⎇ⓥᵴേࠍᡰេߔࠆ⵾ຠߣࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍឭଏ‫ޔߦ․ޕ‬㔚ሶ⥃ᐥ⹜㛎࠺࡯↥ᬺ࡮੐ᬺಽ㊁࠲ߩ᭴▽‫▤ޔ‬ℂ‫ޔ‬ႎ๔࠰࡝ࡘ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߦ⑲ߢࠆ‫ޔࠄ߆࡞ࠨࡦࠦߪࠬࡆ࡯ࠨޕ‬ࡔࡦ࠹࠽ࡦࠬ‫⛔ޔ‬วᡰេ߿࠻࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣ߹ߢߣ᏷ᐢ޿‫ޕ‬ࠣ࡟ࡦ࡮ࡑࠗࠤ࡞࡮࠺ࡈ࡝࡯ࠬ㧔Glen Michael de Vries㧕ഃᬺ⠪ࠛ࠼ࡢ࡯࠼࡮ࠗࠤࠣ࠴කᏧ㧔Edward Ikeguchi, MD㧕ഃᬺᐕ1999 ᐕ
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᜚ὐᶏᄖ᜚ὐ㧦ᣣᧄ‫⧷ޔ‬࿖ᓥᬺຬᢙਇ᣿ࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯࡮ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞
xࠗࡦࠨࠗ࠻࡮ࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯࡮ࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯࠭㧔Insight Venture Partners㧕
xࡑࠗ࡞ࠬ࠻࡯ࡦ࡮ࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯㧔Milestone Venture㧕⾗㊄⺞㆐ᣇᴺxࠬ࠻࡯ࡦࡋࡦࠫ࡮ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞㧔Stonehenge Capital㧕
xࠣࡠ࡯ࡃ࡞ࡀ࠶࠻࡮ࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯࠭㧔GlobalNet Partners㧕
xࠪ࡝ࠦࡦ࡮ࠕ࡝࡯࡮ࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯࠭㧔Silicon Alley Ventures㧕ਇ᣿㧔 㘈 ቴ ߦ ߪ ‫ ࠕ ࠤ ࠬ ࡞ ࡋ ࡮ ࡞ ࠛ ࠗ ࡃ ޔ‬㧔 Bayer Healthcare 㧕‫࡞ ࠮ ࠢ ࡟ ࡄ ޔ‬㘈ቴᢙ
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12 ᦬ߩᤨὐߢ‫ޔ‬਎⇇⵾⮎ᄢᚻ 25 ␠ߩ߁ߜ‫ޔ‬20 ␠ࠍ㘈ቴߣߔࠆ㧕ࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯㧔Medidata Partners㧕
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AGREX
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CMIC
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CognizantResearch
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x
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Researchx
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CRF ࡋ࡞ࠬ㧔CRF Health㧕x
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Inc.㧕

131

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ࡈࠚ࡯࠭࡮ࡈࠜࡢ࡯࠼␠㧔Phase Forward, Inc.㧕
http://www.mdsol.com/ 㧔☨࿖㧕࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻
http://www.mdsol.com/jp/ 㧔ᣣᧄ㧕಴ᚲ㧦Business Wire. ̌Medidata Solutions̉ Chief Medical Officer and Co-Founder Named a
Pharma VOICE 100 Industry Inspiration.̍ BNET. Aug. 17, 2005.
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2005_August_17/ai_n14927680/; Daily
Deal/The Deal. ̌Breaking out VC profits on Medidata IPO.̍ June 25, 2009.; Financial
Deals Tracker. ̌Medidata Solutions raises $101.43 million through initial public
offering.̍ July 1, 2009.; Hoovers. ̌Medidata Solutions, Inc. Overview.̍
http://www.hoovers.com/global/cobrands/nasdaq/factsheet.xhtml?ID=108637; Medidata
Solutions ߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻; Yahoo! Finance. ̌Industry Center ̄ Healthcare Information
Services, Medidata Solutions, Inc. Company Profile.̍
http://biz.yahoo.com/ic/108/108637.html ࠍෳᾖࡔ࠺ࠖ࠺࡯࠲࡮࠰࡝ࡘ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ࠭␠㧔Medidata Solutions㧕ߩ⚻༡ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ഃᬺ⠪ߩࠣ࡟ࡦ࡮
ࡑࠗࠤ࡞࡮࠺ࡈ࡝࡯ࠬ᳁㧔Glen Michael de Vries㧕߇␠㐳㧔President㧕ߣߒߡෳടߒߡ޿ࠆ
৻ᣇߢ482 ‫ߩੱ৻߁߽ޔ‬ഃ⸳⠪‫࠴ࠣࠤࠗ࡮࠼࡯ࡢ࠼ࠛޔ‬කᏧ㧔Edward Ikeguchi, MD㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬ห␠ߩᩣᑼࠍᚲ᦭ߒߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߩ‫⋥ޔ‬ធ⚻༡ߦߪ㑐ࠊߞߡ޿ߥ޿483‫ޕ‬2001 ᐕ߆ࠄ CEO ࠍോ߼ࠆ࠲࡟
࠶ࠢ࡮ࠪࡘ࡟ࡈ᳁ߩਅߢห␠ߪᬺ❣ࠍિ߫ߒ‫ޔ‬਎⇇ 80 ࠞ࿖ߩ⥃ᐥ⹜㛎ࠍᡰេߢ߈ࠆ߶ߤߩⷙ
ᮨߦ߹ߢᚑ㐳ߒߡ޿ࠆ484‫ޕ‬࿑ 18 IPO એ㒠ߩᩣଔ࡮⊒ⴕᷣߺᩣᑼᢙផ⒖㧔ᩣଔන૏㧦☨࠼࡞㧕಴ᚲ㧦NASDAQ. ̌Interactive Stock Chart ̄ (MDSO).̍ Retrieved on Feb. 18, 2010.
http://www.nasdaq.com/aspx/dynamic_charting.aspx?symbol=MDSO&selected=MDSO
482

http://www.mdsol.com/about/team_management.htm
http://investor.mdsol.com/secfiling.cfm?filingID=910662-10-54
484
Medidata Solutions, Inc. ̌Management Team.̍ http://www.mdsol.com/about/team_management.htm
483

132

㧔㧠㧕LogMeIn
౏㐿ᣣ㧦2009 ᐕ 7 ᦬ 7 ᣣ㌏ᨩ⇛⒓㧦LOGM㧔࠽ࠬ࠳࠶ࠢ㧕⺞㆐㗵㧦767 ਁ࠼࡞↥ᬺ࡮੐ᬺಽ㊁ IT㧦㆙㓒ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕߣࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍឭଏ
ഃᬺ⠪ࡑ࡯࠻ࡦ࡮ࠕࡦࠞ㧔Marton Anka㧕
2003 ᐕ㧔ഃ⸳ᒰᤨߩડᬺฬߪ‫ޔ‬3am Labs, Inc.‫ޕ‬2006 ᐕߦ⃻࿷ߩ␠ฬ߳ߣഃᬺᐕᄌᦝ㧕ᧄ␠㧦ࡑࠨ࠴ࡘ࡯࠮࠶࠷Ꮊ࠙ࠜࡃ࡯ࡦ
᰷Ꮊ᜚ὐ㧦ࠝ࡜ࡦ࠳㧔ࠕࡓࠬ࠹࡞࠳ࡓ㧕᜚ὐⅣᄥᐔᵗ᜚ὐ㧦ࠝ࡯ࠬ࠻࡜࡝ࠕ㧔ࠪ࠼࠾࡯㧕㐿⊒᜚ὐ㧦ࡂࡦࠟ࡝࡯㧔ࡉ࠳ࡍࠬ࠻‫࠼ࠥ࠮ޔ‬㧕
ᓥᬺຬᢙ
334 ฬ
ࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯࡮ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞
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3 TS ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞࡮ࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯࠭㧔3TS Capital Partners㧕ਇ᣿㧔ਥⷐ㘈ቴߦߪ‫ޔ‬3M ␠߿ IBM ␠‫ޔ‬DHL‫ޔ‬HSBC‫ޔ‬ን჻ࡈࠖ࡞ࡓߣ޿ߞߚᄢᚻᄙ
㘈ቴᢙ࿖☋ડᬺ߽ᄙ޿‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ห␠ߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߿ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍ೑↪ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ⊓㍳ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ࡙࡯ࠩ࡯ᢙߪ‫ޔ‬਎⇇ో૕ߢ 2,800 ਁੱ‫ޔߡߒߘޔ‬ห␠ߩࠪࠬ࠹
ࡓࠍ೑↪ߒߡ޿ࠆᯏེߪ 9,000 ਁบߦ਄ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧕ឭ៤వࠗࡦ࠹࡞㧔Intel㧕
xࠪ࠻࡝࠶ࠢࠬ࡮ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ࠭␠㧔Citrix Systems, Inc.㧕
┹วડᬺxࡑࠗࠢࡠ࠰ࡈ࠻␠㧔Microsoft Corporation㧕
https://secure.logmein.com/US/home.aspx 㧔☨࿖㧕࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻
https://secure.logmein.com/JP/home.aspx 㧔ᣣᧄ㧕
಴ᚲ㧦Financial Deals Tracker. ̌3TS Capital Partners sells stake in LogMeIn.̍ July 7,
2009. ; LogMeIn ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻; Yahoo! Finance. ̌LogMeIn, Inc. (LOGM), Competitors.̍
http://finance.yahoo.com/q/co?s=LOGM; Yahoo! Finance. ̌LogMeIn, Inc. (LOGM), Profile̍
http://finance.yahoo.com/q/pr?s=LOGM ࠍෳᾖ
IPO 㑐ㅪᖱႎ

ࡠࠣࡒ࡯ࠗࡦ␠㧔LogMeIn㧕ߪ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷‫ᦨޔ‬㜞ᛛⴚ⽿છ⠪㧔Chief Technology Officer㧦CTO㧕
ࠍോ߼ࠆࡑ࡯࠻ࡦ࡮ࠕࡦࠞ᳁㧔Marton Anka㧕ߦࠃߞߡ 2003 ᐕߦഃ⸳ߐࠇ485‫ࠗࠨ࡮࡞ࠤࠗࡑޔ‬ࡕࡦ᳁㧔Michael Simon㧕߇␠㐳౗ CEO ࠍോ߼‫ޔ‬ᚑ㐳ࠍㆀߍߡ߈ߚ486‫ޕ‬2003 ᐕߩഃ⸳ᤨߦߪ‫ޔ‬
3 ࠛࠗ࡮ࠛࡓ࡮࡜ࡉ࠭␠㧔3am Labs, Inc.㧕ߣ޿߁␠ฬߛߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬2006 ᐕߦࡠࠣࡒ࡯ࠗࡦ␠ߦ
ᡷ⒓ߒߡ޿ࠆ487‫ޕ‬ห␠ߦኻߒߡᛩ⾗ࠍⴕߞߡ߈ߚ VC ฦ␠ߩઍ⴫⠪߇‫⃻ޔ‬࿷߽ข✦ᓎળ㧔Boardof Directors 㧕 ߩ ℂ ੐ ߦ ዞ છ ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ 488 ‫ ᦨ ߩ ␠ ࡦ ࠗ ࡯ ࡒ ࠣ ࡠ ޕ‬㜞 ⽷ ോ ⽿ છ ⠪ 㧔 Chief
485

LogMeIn, Inc. ̌Biography ̄ Marton Anka.̍
https://secure.logmein.com/US/about/leadership/biographies/martonanka.aspx
486
LogMeIn, Inc. ̌Biography ̄ Michael Simon.̍
https://secure.logmein.com/US/about/leadership/biographies/michaelsimon.aspx
487Yahoo! Finance. ̌LogMeIn, Inc. (LOGM), Profile̍ http://finance.yahoo.com/q/pr?s=LOGM
488
LogMeIn, Inc. ̌Board of Directors.̍ https://secure.logmein.com/US/about/leadership/board.aspx

133

Financial Officer㧕ߢ޽ࠆࠫࡓ࡮ࠤ࡝ࡂ࡯᳁㧔Jim Kelliher㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬ห␠߇ IPO ↳⺧ࠍ 2008 ᐕߦ㐿ᆎߒߡ߆ࠄߩ 18 ࡨ᦬㑆ߢ IPO ↳⺧ߦⷐߒߚࠦࠬ࠻ߪ‫ޔ‬130 ਁ㨪180 ਁ࠼࡞ߣ⷗Ⓧ߽ߞߡ޿
ࠆ489‫ޕ‬࿑ 19 IPO એ㒠ߩᩣଔ࡮⊒ⴕᷣߺᩣᑼᢙផ⒖㧔ᩣଔන૏㧦☨࠼࡞㧕಴ᚲ㧦NASDAQ. ̌Interactive Stock Chart ̄ (LOGM).̍ Retrieved on Feb. 18, 2010.
http://www.nasdaq.com/aspx/dynamic_charting.aspx?symbol=LOGM&selected=LOGM

489

Bowman, Matt. ̌A123, LogMeIn reveal IPO costs.̍ Vator News. Dec. 9, 2009.

134

7.5. ࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ࠕࡦ࠻࡟ࡊ࡟࠽࡯
☨࿖ߢ⃻࿷ᵈ⋡ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⃻⽎ߦ࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ࠕࡦ࠻࡟ࡊ࡟࠽࡯㧔Social Entrepreneur‫␠ޔ‬ળ⿠ᬺኅ)߇޽ࠆ‫ߩ࡯࠽࡟ࡊ࡟࠻ࡦࠕ࡞ࡖࠪ࡯࠰ޕ‬᭎ᔨߪᦨㄭ಴᧪਄߇ߞߚ߽ߩߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ฎߊ߆ࠄ޽ࠆ߇‫␠ޔߦ⊛⥸৻ޔ‬ળ⊛ߥ⋡⊛ߩߚ߼ߦᏒ႐ේℂࠍ↪޿ࠆ‫ޔ‬༡೑⚵❱ߣ㕖༡೑⚵❱ߩࡂࠗࡉ࡝࠶࠼⊛ߥሽ࿷ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬᭽‫ߥޘ‬ቯ⟵߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆ‫ޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬1980 ᐕߩഃ┙એ᧪‫࡯࠰ޔ‬ࠪࡖ࡞ࠕࡦ࠻࡟ࡊ࡟࠽࡯ᡰេ 490 ߢߪࡄࠗࠝ࠾ࠕ⊛ሽ࿷ߣ޿ࠊࠇࠆࠕ࡚ࠪࠞ⽷࿅㧔 Ashoka
Foundation㧕ߦࠃࠇ߫‫ޟޔߪߣ࡯࠽࡟ࡊ࡟࠻ࡦࠕ࡞ࡖࠪ࡯࠰ޔ‬Ꮕߒㄼߞߚ␠ળ໧㗴ߩ⸃᳿ࠍ᡽
ᐭ߿ડᬺߦᆔߨࠆߩߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬㕟ᣂ⊛ߥ⸃᳿╷ࠍ߽ߞߡ⸃᳿ߔࠆ୘ੱ‫ࠍߣߎߩޠ‬ᜰߔ491‫ޕ‬หߓߊ࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ࠕࡦ࠻࡟ࡊ࡟࠽࡯߳ߩᡰេࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆࠬࠦ࡯࡞⽷࿅㧔Skoll Foundation㧕ߦࠃࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ㅢᏱߩ⿠ᬺኅ߇ᣂⷙᏒ႐ߩഃㅧߦଔ୯ࠍ⷗಴ߔߩߦኻߒ‫࠽࡟ࡊ࡟࠻ࡦࠕ࡞ࡖࠪ࡯࠰ޟޔ‬࡯ߪ⚻ᷣ⊛࡮␠ળ⊛ߦ⊒ዷ߇ㆃࠇߡ޿ࠆࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߦ೑⋉ࠍ߽ߚࠄߔࠃ߁ߥ␠ળᄌ㕟ߦଔ୯ࠍ⷗಴ߔ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ὐߢ޽ࠆ492‫࡮┙⸳ߡߞࠃߦ࡯࠽࡟ࡊ࡟࠻ࡦࠕ࡞ࡖࠪ࡯࠰ߩߘޕ‬ㆇ༡ߐࠇࠆߩ
߇‫␠ޔ‬ળ⊛ડᬺ㧔Social Enterprise㧕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠝࡃࡑᄢ⛔㗔ߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢ⛔㗔ㆬ᜼ߩㆬ᜼ᵴേᤨ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬㕖༡೑⚵❱ߦᵈ⋡ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬㕖༡೑⚵❱߳ߩᛩ⾗ࠍ౏⚂ߣߒߡឝߍߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ߩߘޔ‬ታ⃻ᚻᲑߣߒߡ࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ࠕࡦ࠻࡟ࡊ࡟࠽࡯ߦᦼᓙߔ
ࠆㇱಽߪᄢ߈ߊ‫࠼ࡦࠔࡈ࡮࠻ࡦࡔ࠻ࠬࡌࡦࠗ࡮࡞ࡖࠪ࡯࠰ޔ‬㧔 Social Investment Fund:
SIF㧕ߣ‫ోޔ‬࿖࡮࿾ၞࠨ࡯ࡆࠬㅪ㇌౏␠(Corporation for National and Community Service:CNCS)ౝߦ㕖༡೑࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞࡮ࠕࡦ࠻࡟ࡊ࡟࠽࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊᐡ㧔Social Entrepreneurship Agency
for Nonprofit㧕ߩ⸳┙ࠍㅢߓߡߎߩ౏⚂ࠍታ⃻ߔࠆߣߒߡ޿ࠆ493‫ޕ‬SIF ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ 2009 ᐕ 3᦬‫ޔ‬The Edward M. Kennedy Serve America Act ߦࠃࠅ⸳┙߇᳿ቯߒ494 495‫ޔ‬2010 ᐕ 2 ᦬ 16 ᣣ‫ޔ‬
CNCS ߪ SIF ߩ⵬ഥ㊄ክᩏࠍ㐿ᆎߔࠆߣ⊒⴫ߒߚ496‫੹ޕ‬ᓟ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⊛ડᬺ߳ߩ౏⊛⾗㊄ᵹ౉߇Ⴧട
ߔࠆߎߣ߇⷗ㄟ߹ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬એਅߦ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ␠ળ⊛ડᬺߩ଀ࠍ߹ߣ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬490

http://www.ashoka.org/about
http://www.ashoka.org/social_entrepreneur492
http://www.skollfoundation.org/aboutsocialentrepreneurship/whatis.asp493
http://change.gov/agenda/service_agenda/494
http://edlabor.house.gov/blog/2009/03/the-edward-m-kennedy-serve-ame.shtml
495
http://www.nationalservice.gov/about/serveamerica/innovation.asp
496
http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2010/02/17/introducing-social-innovation-fund
491

135

㧔㧝㧕Kiva
ࡊࡠࡈࠖ࡯࡞
ᚲ࿷࿾㧦ࠞ࡝ࡈࠜ࡞࠾ࠕᎺࠨࡦࡈ࡜ࡦࠪࠬࠦ
URL㧦http://www.kiva.org/
᭎ⷐ2005 ᐕߦࡑ࠶࠻࡮ࡈ࡜ࡀ࡝࡯᳁㧔Matt Flannery㧕ߣ‫࡯࡝ࡀ࡜ࡈ࡮ࠞࠪࠚࠫޔ‬᳁㧔Jessica
Flannery㧕ߦࠃࠅ⸳┙ߐࠇߚ㕖༡೑࿅૕ߢ‫ޔ‬୘ੱ߆ࠄߩⲢ⾗࡮ነઃߣ‫ޔ‬਎⇇ߦᢔ࿷ߔࠆዊญ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߣߩឭ៤ߢㆇ༡ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ห࿅૕߇ㆇ༡ߔࠆࠠࡧࠔ࡮ࡑࠗࠢࡠࡈࠔࡦ࠼㧔 Kiva
Microfunds㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬ㅜ਄࿖ߢ੐ᬺࠍ༡߻⿠ᬺኅߦኻߒߡዊ㗵ߩ⾉ઃ㧔৻ญ 25 ࠼࡞߆ࠄ㧕ࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬୘ੱ߇ឭଏߔࠆ⾗㊄ߢ߹߆ߥ߆ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⾗ߩ࠼ࡦࠔࡈߩߎޕ‬㊄ߪ‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߦߪ‫ޔ‬࿾ర
ߩዊญ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ࠍㅢߒߡ⃻࿾ߩ੐ᬺਥߦ㈩ࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬୘ੱߩ⾉ઃ⠪ߣㅜ਄࿖ߩ੐ᬺਥࠍߟߥߍࠆᓎ
ഀࠍᨐߚߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠠࡧࠔߪ‫࠼࡞࡯ࠖࡈޔ‬㨯ࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ߣฬߠߌࠄࠇࠆ‫ޔ‬਎⇇ฦ࿖ߦሽ࿷ߔࠆዊญ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߦታ㓙ߩ⾉ઃ‫⾗ޔ‬㊄࿁෼ᬺോࠍᆔ⸤ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߕ߹ޕ‬୘ੱߩⲢ⾗⠪ߪ‫ޔߢ࠻ࠗࠨࡉࠚ࠙ߩࠔࡧࠠޔ‬ࡈࠖ࡯࡞࠼㨯ࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ߦࠃߞߡ෩ㆬߐࠇߚ⃻࿾ߩ⿠ᬺኅࠍ⷗ߡ‫ߣ޿ߚߒࠍ⾗Ⲣޔ‬⠨߃ࠆ⿠ᬺኅࠍㆬᛯߒ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔߪࠔࡧࠠޕ߁ⴕࠍ⾗Ⲣޔ‬୘ੱ߆ࠄߩⲢ⾗㗵ࠍ߹ߣ߼ߡ‫⿠ߩߘޔ‬ᬺኅߩ▤ロߣߥࠆࡈࠖ࡯࡞࠼࡮ࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ߦ⾗㊄ࠍㅍ㊄ߒ‫ࠍ࡯࠽࠻࡯ࡄ࡮࠼࡞࡯ࠖࡈޔ‬ㅢߒߡ੐ᬺ⠪ߦ㈩ಽߔࠆ‫⸳߼ߓ߆ࠄ޽ߪ࡯࠽࠻࡯ࡄ࡮࠼࡞࡯ࠖࡈޕ‬ቯߐࠇߚ㄰ᷣࠬࠤࠫࡘ࡯࡞ߦᓥ޿‫⿠ޔ‬ᬺኅ߆ࠄ⾗㊄ࠍ࿁෼ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬หᤨߦ‫ޔߪ࡯࠽࠻࡯ࡄ࡮࠼࡞࡯ࠖࡈޔ‬ᣂߚߦㅍࠄࠇߡߊࠆ⾗㊄ࠍ‫⿠ޔ‬ᬺኅߩ㄰ᷣਇጁⴕ߿ὑᦧ࡝ࠬࠢߥߤߦ޽ߡ߇߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫⿠ޕ‬ᬺኅ߇㄰ᷣ
ߔࠆ⾗㊄ߪ‫࠼࡞࡯ࠖࡈޔ‬㨯ࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ࠍㅢߒߡ‫ߦࠔࡧࠠޔ‬ㅍ㊄ߐࠇ‫⾗Ⲣޔ‬⠪ߦ㄰㊄ߐࠇࠆ‫Ⲣޕ‬⾗⠪ߪ㄰ᷣߐࠇߚ⾗㊄ࠍᒁ߈਄ߍߡ߽ࠃ޿ߒ‫ߦࠔࡧࠠޔ‬ነઃࠍߒߡ߽⦟޿ߒ‫߹߹ߩߘߚ߹ޔ‬೎ߩડᬺ߳Ⲣ⾗ߔࠆߎߣ߽ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬

㧔㧞㧕The Institute for OneWorld Healthࡊࡠࡈࠖ࡯࡞
ᚲ࿷࿾㧦ࠞ࡝ࡈࠜ࡞࠾ࠕᎺࠨࡦࡈ࡜ࡦࠪࠬࠦ
URL㧦http://www.oneworldhealth.org/᭎ⷐࠗࡦࠬ࠹ࠖ࠹ࡘ࡯࠻࡮ࡈࠜ࡯࡮ࡢࡦࡢ࡯࡞࠼࡮ࡋ࡞ࠬ㧔એਅ‫ࠬ࡞ࡋ࡮࠼࡞࡯ࡢࡦࡢޔ‬㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬
2000 ᐕߦ‫࡞ࠗࡋ࡮ࠕ࡝࠻ࠢࠖࡧޔ‬ඳ჻㧔Victoria Hale㧕ߦࠃࠅ⸳┙ߐࠇߚ㕖༡೑⵾⮎ળ␠‫ޕ‬ㅜ਄࿖߇༄߆ࠄᚻ߇಴ࠆ߶ߤ᰼ߒ߇ߞߡ޿ࠆᣂ⮎ߪ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥ㐿⊒⩨ᄢߥ⾌↪߇߆߆ࠆ‫ߩ߁޿ߣޔ‬߇ቯ⺑ߛ߇‫ޔ‬ห␠ߪߘߩቯ⺑ࠍᛂߜ⎕ࠆߴߊ᜸ᚢࠍ⛯ߌߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ห␠ߪᬺ⇇߿⎇ⓥ⠪ߣឭ៤ߒ‫ޔ‬⍮⊛⽷↥ߩነ⿅ࠍ⏕଻ߒߚ਄ߢ‫ޔ‬ㅜ਄࿖ߩ⑼ቇ⊛⢻ജ‫⵾ޔ‬ㅧ⢻ജࠍᵴ↪ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞ
ߡ‫ޔ‬቟ଔߢലᨐߩ޽ࠆᣂ⮎ߩឭଏࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬⚻㛎⼾ንߥ⮎ቇߩኾ㐷ኅߩ࠴࡯ࡓࠍ᭴ᚑߒ‫⮎ߥᦸ᦭ޔ‬೷୥⵬࡮ࡢࠢ࠴ࡦ୥⵬ࠍㆬ೎ߒ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⮎ࠍ㐿⊒ߒ‫ޔ‬ડᬺ࡮∛㒮࡮NPO ߣឭ៤ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩੱ‫ߩޘ‬ஜᐽߦነਈߔࠆᣂߒ޿ᴦ≮ᣇᴺࠍ⎇ⓥ‫⵾ޔ‬ㅧ‫ޔ‬᥉෸ߐߖߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬⃻࿷‫ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕࡦ࠹࡜ޔ‬࿾ၞߩࠪࡖ࡯ࠟࠬ∛㧔Chagas disease㧕ะߌ‫ߩ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬ౝ⤳࡝࡯ࠪࡘࡑ࠾ࠕ∝㧔visceral leishmaniasis㧕ะߌ‫ߣޔ‬ੑߟߩᣂ⮎߇㐿⊒Ბ㓏ߦ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ห␠߇㐿⊒ߒߚౝ⤳࡝࡯ࠪࡘࡑ࠾ࠕ∝ะߌߩࡄࡠࡕࡑࠗࠪࡦ㧔Paromomycin㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬2005 ᐕߦ FDA ߣ EMEA ߩ෺ᣇ߆ࠄᏗዋ∔∛↪ක⮎ຠ㧔Orphan Drug㧕ߣ⹺ቯߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬136

㧔㧟㧕Mercy Corpsࡊࡠࡈࠖ࡯࡞
ᚲ࿷࿾㧦ࠝ࡟ࠧࡦᎺࡐ࡯࠻࡜ࡦ࠼
URL㧦http://www.mercycorps.org/
᭎ⷐ1979 ᐕ ‫ ࡯ ࡃ ࡞ ࠞ ࡮ ࠬ ࡯ ࠜ ࠙ ࠬ ࡞ ࠛ ޔ‬㧔 Ellsworth Culver 㧕 ߣ ࠳ ࡦ ࡮ ࠝ ࠾ ࡯ ࡞ 㧔 Dan
ỎNeil㧕ߩਔ᳁ߦࠃࠅ⸳┙ߐࠇߚ㕖༡೑⚵❱ߢ‫ੱޔ‬㆏េഥ࡮㐿⊒ᵴേߦᓥ੐ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬3,700ੱߩࠬ࠲࠶ࡈࠍᠩߒ‫ޔ‬40 ࠞ࿖એ਄㧔ኻ⽎⠪ߪ⚂ 1,700 ਁੱ㧕ߢᵴേࠍዷ㐿ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
2008 ᐕ 5 ᦬‫⚻ޔ‬༡ਇᝄߦ㒱ߞߡ޿ߚࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ࡮ࡃ࡝ፉߩ㌁ⴕࠍ⾈෼ߒ‫ޔ‬ዊญ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ࠍኻ⽎ߦߒߚ෈ᄁ㌁ⴕߣߒߡౣ㐿ᬺߒߚ‫ޟ߫ࠊ޿ޕ‬㌁ⴕߩ㌁ⴕ‫ޔߪࡦ࡚ࠪ࠶ࡒߩߘޔ߇ߛޠ‬ዊ
ญ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐ߩࠦࠬ࠻ߣ㕖ല₸ߩ೥ᷫ‫ߩࠬࡆ࡯ࠨޔ‬ะ਄‫ޔ‬ᬺോ᜛ᄢߦᔅⷐߣߥࠆ⾗ᧄ࡮㊄Ⲣ࠷࡯࡞࡮ᛛⴚ⊛ࡊ࡜࠶࠻ࡈࠜ࡯ࡓࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

㧔㧠㧕Sustainable Health Enterprises: SHEࡊࡠࡈࠖ࡯࡞
ᚲ࿷࿾㧦࠾ࡘ࡯࡛࡯ࠢᎺ࠾ࡘ࡯࡛࡯ࠢ
URL㧦http://www.sheinnovates.com/
᭎ⷐࠨࠬ࠹ࠗ࠽ࡉ࡞࡮ࡋ࡞ࠬ࡮ࠛࡦ࠲࡯ࡊ࡜ࠗ࠭㧔એਅ‫ޔ‬SHE㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬2008 ᐕߦࠛ࡝ࠩࡌࠬ࡮ࠪࡖ
࡯ࡈ᳁㧔Elizabeth Scharpf㧕ߦࠃࠅ⸳┙ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ㅜ਄࿖ߩੱ‫↢ߩޘ‬ᵴะ਄ࠍߘߩࡒ࠶࡚ࠪࡦߣ
ߒߡឝߍߡ޿ࠆ‫⇛ߩߘޕ‬⒓‫ޔ‬SHE ߇␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ‫ߦ․ޔ‬ᅚᕈ߳ߩࠛࡦࡄࡢ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ߦᵈജߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߥᵴേߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ㅜ਄࿖ߩᅚᕈ߇‫ޔ‬቟ଔߢ㜞ຠ⾰߆ߟⅣႺߦఝߒ޿↢ℂ↪࠽ࡊࠠࡦߩ⵾ㅧ‫ޔ‬ᵹㅢࠍ⥄ࠄߩࡆࠫࡀࠬߣߒߡ┙ߜ਄ߍࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ᡰេߒߡ޿ࠆ‫↢ޕ‬ℂ↪࠽ࡊࠠࡦߩ⵾
ㅧߦ޽ߚߞߡߪ‫ޔ‬ャ౉ຠߢߪߥߊ࿾రߩේᢱࠍ↪޿‫ޔ‬ଔᩰ‫ޔ‬ᵹㅢߩਔ㕙߆ࠄ౉ᚻߒ߿ߔߐߦ㈩ᘦߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬SHE ߪ‫ޔ‬ㅜ਄࿖ߩᅚᕈࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ߇ㆇ༡࡮ᚲ᦭ߔࠆ‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣ⊛ߦᜬ⛯น⢻ߥࡆࠫࡀࠬࡕ࠺࡞‫⵾߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ຠᖱႎࠍ౒᦭ߒ‫ޔ‬ᔅⷐߦᔕߓߡߤߎߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߢ߽ౣ⃻ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁
ߦߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬SHE ߪ‫ޔࠍࠬࡀࠫࡆ࡞ࠞ࡯ࡠޔ‬Ԙᣢሽߩᅚᕈࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߣߩឭ៤‫ޔ‬ԙ㐿ᬺ⾗㊄ࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆᅚᕈߚߜߦኻߔࠆዊญࡠ࡯ࡦߩ଻⸽‫ޔ‬Ԛࡆࠫࡀࠬࠬࠠ࡞‫ޔ‬ஜᐽ࡮ⴡ↢⍮⼂ߩ࠻࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣታᣉ‫ߚߞ޿ߣޔ‬ᣇᴺߢᡰេߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠛࠦ࡯ࠗࡦࠣ㨯ࠣ࡝࡯ࡦ㧔Echoing Green㧕497ߣ޿߁␠ળ⿠ᬺ࿅૕ߪ‫ޔ‬SHE ࠍ਎⇇ߢ߽ߞߣ߽
㕟ᣂ⊛ߥ࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞࡮ࡌࡦ࠴ࡖ࡯20 ␠㧔20 most innovative social ventures worldwide㧕
498ߩ߁ߜߩ 1 ␠ߦㆬቯߒߚ499‫ޕ‬497

http://www.echoinggreen.org/
ᔕ൐ડᬺߪ 1,500 ␠ߦߩ߷ߞߚ
499
http://images.businessweek.com/ss/09/06/0610_stanford_good_social_entrepreneurs/6.htm
498

137

╙8┨

☨࿖ਛዊડᬺߩታᘒ㧔࠺࡯࠲㧕

8.1. ☨࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺߩ૏⟎ߠߌᧄ▵ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ડᬺో૕ߦභ߼ࠆਛዊડᬺߩഀวߥߤ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺߩ૏⟎ߠߌࠍ␜ߔ⛔
⸘࠺࡯࠲ࠍ߹ߣ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬
8.1.1.

☨࿖ߩડᬺ✚ᢙߦභ߼ࠆਛዊડᬺߩഀว

☨࿖ߩડᬺᢙࠍᓥᬺຬⷙᮨ೎ߢ⷗ߚ႐ว‫ޔ‬2006 ᐕߩਛዊડᬺ㧔ᓥᬺຬ 500 ฬᧂḩ‫ޔ‬୘ੱ੐ᬺਥࠍ㒰ߊ㧕ߪ⚂ 600 ਁ␠ߢ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆડᬺ✚ᢙߩ 99.7%ࠍභ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ㆊ෰ 10 ᐕ㑆㧔1997
㨪2006 ᐕ㧕ߩផ⒖ࠍ⷗ߡ߽‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩഀวߪ 99.7%೨ᓟߢផ⒖ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ડᬺߩᄢඨࠍ
ਛዊડᬺ߇භ߼ߡ޿ࠆ᭴࿑ߦᄢ߈ߥᄌൻߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬2006 ᐕߩડᬺᢙࠍ⷗ࠆߣᓥᬺຬᢙ 20 ฬᧂḩߩડᬺഀว߇ో૕ߩ 89.29%‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩ 89.57%ߦ㆐ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔⴫ 40 ෳᾖ㧕‫ޔߦ․ޕ‬ᓥᬺຬ 1
㨪4 ฬߩડᬺ߇ 60.9%ߣᦨ߽ᄢ߈ߥഀวࠍභ߼ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ㧔࿑ 20 ෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬৻ᣇ‫ޔ‬㨬ᓥᬺຬࠍ㓹↪ߒߥ޿୘ੱ੐ᬺਥ㧔self-employed ߿, sole proprietaryship, firms
without employees, non-employers ߥߤߩฬ⒓ߢ๭߫ࠇࠆ㧕㨭ߪᐕ‫ޘ‬Ⴧടߒ‫ޔ‬2006 ᐕ㧔ᦨᣂ࠺࡯࠲㧕ߢߪ‫ ⚂ޔ‬2,077 ਁੱሽ࿷ߔࠆ‫ࠄࠇߎޕ‬୘ੱ੐ᬺਥ㧔non-employers㧕ߣડᬺ㧔employer
firms‫ ⚂ޔ‬602 ਁ␠㧕ࠍ૬ߖߚ✚ᢙߪ߅ࠃߘ 2,680 ਁ␠ߢ޽ࠆ㧔⴫ 36 ෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬
⴫ 36 ☨࿖ߩᓥᬺຬⷙᮨ೎ડᬺ␠ᢙ㧔1997㨪2006 ᐕ㧕
ડᬺ500
ᐕ

୘ੱ੐ᬺਥ

2006
20,768,555
2005
20,392,068
2004
19,523,741
2003
18,649,114
2002
17,646,062
2001
16,979,498
2000
16,529,955
1999
16,152,604
1998
15,708,727
1997
15,439,609
಴ᚲ㧦ਛዊડᬺᐡ502✚ᢙ㧔␠㧕
6,022,127
5,983,546
5,885,784
5,767,127
5,697,759
5,657,774
5,652,544
5,607,743
5,579,177
5,541,918ᓥᬺຬᢙ೎ડᬺᢙ㧔␠㧕
20 ฬᧂḩ
5,377,631
5,357,887
5,255,844
5,150,316
5,090,331
5,036,845
5,035,029
5,007,808
4,988,367
4,958,641

500 ฬᧂḩ
6,004,056
5,966,069
5,868,737
5,750,201
5,680,914
5,640,407
5,635,391
5,591,003
5,562,799
5,525,839

500 ฬ
એ਄
18,071
17,477
17,047
16,926
16,845
17,367
17,153
16,74016,37816,079ડᬺ✚ᢙߦභ߼ࠆ
ഀว㧔㧑㧕50120 ฬ
ᧂḩ89.29%
89.54%
89.29%
89.30%
89.33%
89.02%
89.07%
89.30%
89.41%
89.47%

࿑ 20 ☨࿖ડᬺߩᓥᬺຬⷙᮨ೎ಽᏓ㧔2006 ᐕ㧕
500‫ޟ‬ᓥᬺຬࠍ㓹↪ߔࠆડᬺ㧔employer firms㧕
‫ࠍޠ‬ᗧ๧ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ዊᢙὐ╙ਃ૏એਅߪಾࠅᝥߡߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬502
ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ޔ‬Private Firms, Establishments, Employment, Annual Payroll and Receipts by FirmSize, 1988-̍: http://www.sba.gov/advo/research/us88_06.pdf (p.1) Firms ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬
501

138

500 ฬ
ᧂḩ
99.70%
99.70%
99.71%
99.70%
99.70%
99.69%
99.69%
99.70%
99.70%
99.71%

500ฬએ਄, 0.3%
100㨪49ฬ, 1.5%
20㨪99ฬ, 8.9%

ߥߒ, 13.2%

10㨪19ฬ, 10.7%5㨪9ฬ, 17.6%

1㨪4ฬ, 60.9%

಴ᚲ㧦ਛዊડᬺᐡ503
㓹↪⠪ᢙࠍᓥᬺຬⷙᮨ೎ߦ⷗ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩ㓹↪⠪ᢙ߇☨࿖ડᬺߩ㓹↪⠪✚ᢙߦභ߼ࠆഀ
วߪ 50%⒟ᐲߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧔⴫ 37 ෳᾖ㧕‫ ߚ߹ޕ‬2006 ᐕߦ߅ߌࠆ↥ᬺ೎ߩ㓹↪⠪ᢙࠍ⷗ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᑪ⸳‫෈ޔ‬ᄁ‫ޔ‬ਇേ↥ߥߤߪਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆ㓹↪߇ᄙߊ‫ޔ‬㔚ജ╬‫ޔ‬ᖱႎ‫ޔ‬㊄Ⲣ࡮଻㒾ߥߤߪᄢડ
ᬺߦࠃࠆ㓹↪߇ਥⷐߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ᬺ‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒‫ⴚ⧓ޔࠕࠤࠬ࡞ࡋޔ‬㑐ଥ‫࡟࡮࡞࠹ࡎޔ‬ࠬ࠻࡜ࡦߥߤࠍ฽߻ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬᬺߪ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆ㓹↪߇ᄢડᬺߩ㓹↪ࠍࠊߕ߆ߦ਄࿁ߞߡ޿
ࠆ⁁ᴫߢ޽ࠆ㧔⴫ 38 ෳᾖ㧕
‫ޕ‬
⴫ 37
ᐕ

㓹↪⠪✚ᢙ
㧔ੱ㧕

2006
119,917,165
2005
116,317,003
2004
115,074,924
2003
113,398,043
2002
112,400,654
2001
115,061,184
2000
114,064,976
1999
110,705,661
1998
108,117,731
1997
105,229,123಴ᚲ㧦ਛዊડᬺᐡ505
503
504☨࿖ડᬺߩᓥᬺຬⷙᮨ೎㓹↪⠪ᢙ(1997㨪2006 ᐕ)㓹↪⠪✚ᢙߦභ߼ࠆ
ᓥᬺຬᢙ೎㓹↪⠪ᢙ㧔ੱ㧕ഀว㧔㧑㧕504
20 ฬᧂḩ
500 ฬᧂḩ500 ฬએ਄ 20 ฬᧂḩ 500 ฬᧂḩ
21,609,520 60,223,740 59,693,425
18.02%
50.22%
21,289,196 58,644,585 57,672,418
18.30%
50.41%
21,197,087 58,597,452 56,477,472
18.42%
50.92%
20,830,352 57,447,570 55,950,473
18.36%
50.66%
20,583,371 56,366,292 56,034,362
18.31%
50.14%
20,602,635 57,383,449 57,677,735
17.90%
49.87%
20,587,385 57,124,044 56,940,932
18.04%
50.08%
20,388,287 55,729,092 54,976,569
18.41%
50.34%
20,275,405 55,064,409 53,053,322
18.75%
50.93%
20,118,816 54,545,370 50,753,753
19.11%
51.83%

ห਄‫ޕ‬
㧔p.1㧕2006 ᐕߩ Firms ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬ዊᢙὐ╙ਃ૏એਅߪಾࠅᝥߡߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬

139

⴫ 38
↥ᬺ

㓹↪⠪ᢙ㧔ੱ㧕✚ᢙ(ੱ)✚ᢙ
119,917,165
ㄘᨋ᳓↥ᬺ
165,661㋶ᬺ
554,333㔚ജ╬614,427
ᑪ⸳
7,338,799
⵾ㅧ13,631,683
෈ᄁ
6,030,647
ዊᄁ15,767,866
ㆇャ࡮ୖᐶ
4,306,405
ᖱႎ
3,396,246㊄Ⲣ࡮଻㒾
6,647,098
ਇേ↥2,216,803
ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ
59,217,678
ߘߩઁ
29,519507
಴ᚲ㧦ਛዊડᬺᐡ
8.1.2.

☨࿖ߩ↥ᬺ೎㓹↪⠪ᢙ㧔2006 ᐕ㧕

20 ฬᧂḩ
21,609,520
71,886
21,2682,700,949
1,180,832
1,232,197
2,828,263
541,809250,256
788,519786,053
11,106,399-

500 ฬᧂḩ60,223,740
244,538
109,159
6,264,657
6,056,221
3,685,678
6,314,262
1,629,628
894,006
2,183,865
1,521,036
29,835,055-

500 ฬએ਄
59,693,425
309,795
505,268
1,074,142
7,575,462
2,344,969
9,453,604
2,676,777
2,502,240
4,463,233
695,767
27,408,968-ฦ↥ᬺߩ㓹↪⠪✚ᢙߦභ߼ࠆഀว506㧔㧑㧕
20 ฬᧂḩ 500 ฬᧂḩ
18.02%
50.22%
12.96%
44.11%
3.46%
17.76%
36.80%
85.36%
8.66%
44.42%
20.43%
61.11%
17.93%
40.04%
12.58%
37.84%
7.36%
26.32%
11.86%
32.85%
35.45%
68.61%
18.75%
50.38%-☨࿖ડᬺߩᓥᬺຬⷙᮨ೎ᐕ㑆ᄁ਄ߩౝ⸶

2002 ᐕ508ߦ߅ߌࠆ☨࿖ડᬺ㧔employer firms㧕ߩᐕ㑆ᄁ਄ࠍᓥᬺຬⷙᮨ೎ߦ⷗ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬ
500 ฬએ਄ߩᄢડᬺߦࠃࠆᄁ਄ߩ✚㗵߇☨࿖ડᬺో૕ߩᐕ㑆ᄁ਄㗵ߩ 61.2%ࠍභ߼‫ޔ‬500 ฬᧂḩߩਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆᄁ਄ߪ 4 ഀߦࠊߕ߆ߦ෸߫ߥ޿㧔࿑ 21 ෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬505

ห਄‫( ޕ‬pp. 1-2) Employment ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬ዊᢙὐ╙ਃ૏એਅߪಾࠅᝥߡߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬
507ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ޔ‬Major Industries by NAICs Codes: Private Employer Firms, Establishments,
EmplQ[OGPVCPF#PPWCN2C[TQNND[(KTO5K\G̍: http://www.sba.gov/advo/research/us98_01_06n_mi.pdf(pp.1-2) emp ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬508
౏㐿ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ࠺࡯࠲ߢߪᦨᣂߩ߽ߩ‫ޕ‬
506

140

࿑ 21

☨࿖ડᬺߩડᬺⷙᮨ೎ᄁ਄✚㗵ಽᏓ㧔2002 ᐕ㧕಴ᚲ㧦ਛዊડᬺᐡ509* ᓥᬺຬᢙ߇࠯ࡠߩડᬺߪ‫⸘⛔ޔ‬෼㓸ᤨ߇ഃᬺ⋥ᓟ߹ߚߪ㐽㎮⋥೨ߢ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬࠍ㓹↪
ߒߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚડᬺ‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬߪߥߊߣ߽ᐕ㑆෼౉߇޽ࠆડᬺ╬ࠍᜰߔ‫ޕ‬
8.1.3.

☨࿖ડᬺߩᓥᬺຬⷙᮨ೎⛎ਈ㗵ផ⒖☨࿖ડᬺ߇ᓥᬺຬߦᡰᛄ߁ᐕ㑆⛎ਈ㗵ߩផ⒖ࠍ⴫ 39 ߦ߹ߣ߼ߚ‫ޕ‬ㆊ෰ 10 ᐕ㑆‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩᓥᬺຬ⛎ਈᡰᛄ㗵ߪ⛎ਈ㗵ో૕ߩ 45%೨ᓟߢផ⒖ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

ᐕ

2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999

⴫ 39 ☨࿖ડᬺߩᓥᬺຬⷙᮨ೎⛎ਈ✚㗵ផ⒖㧔1997㨪2006 ᐕ㧕ᓥᬺຬ⛎
ᓥᬺຬ೎⛎ਈ㗵510
ᓥᬺຬ೎⛎ਈ㗵ਈ㗵✚⸘
ഀว511 (%)
㧔⊖ਁ࠼࡞㧕㧔⊖ਁ
20 ฬ 20-99 ฬ 100-499
500 ฬ
500 ฬ
500 ฬᧂḩ 500 ฬએ਄
࠼࡞㧕
ᧂḩ
ฬ
ᧂḩ
એ਄
ว⸘ߦභ߼ ว⸘ߦභ߼
ዊ⸘
2,128,793 2,663,636
2,012,581 2,470,140
1,917,364 2,336,631
1,818,493 2,222,394
1,777,049 2,166,130
1,767,546 2,221,539
1,727,114 2,152,315
1,601,129 1,953,563

4,792,429 726,060 741,917 660,815
4,482,722 695,604 700,453 616,524
4,253,995 659,270 670,418 587,676
4,040,888 631,221 635,269 552,003
3,943,179617,583 623,716 535,749
3,989,086 603,848 624,313 539,384
3,879,430 591,123 608,446 527,544
3,554,692 561,547 564,974 474,607

509

ห਄‫( ޕ‬p.2) Receipts ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬
10 ਁ࠼࡞એਅߩᢙ୯ߦߟ޿ߡߪಾࠅᝥߡߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬511
ዊᢙὐ╙ਃ૏એਅߪಾࠅᝥߡߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬
510

141

ࠆഀว
44.42%
44.89%
45.07%
45.00%
45.06%
44.31%
44.52%
45.04%

ࠆഀว
55.58%
55.10%
54.92%
54.99%
54.93%
55.69%
55.48%
54.95%

ᓥᬺຬ೎⛎ਈ㗵510
ᓥᬺຬ೎⛎ਈ㗵
ഀว511 (%)
㧔⊖ਁ࠼࡞㧕
20 ฬ 20-99 ฬ 100-499
500 ฬ
500 ฬ
500 ฬᧂḩ 500 ฬએ਄
ᧂḩ
ฬ
ᧂḩ
એ਄
ว⸘ߦභ߼ ว⸘ߦභ߼
ዊ⸘
ࠆഀว
ࠆഀว
2006 4,792,429 726,060 741,917 660,815 2,128,793 2,663,636
44.42%
55.58%
2005 4,482,722 695,604 700,453 616,524 2,012,581 2,470,14044.89%
55.10%
2004 4,253,995 659,270 670,418 587,676 1,917,364 2,336,631
45.07%
54.92%
2003 4,040,888 631,221 635,269 552,003 1,818,493 2,222,394
45.00%
54.99%
1998 3,309,405 535,184 531,231 446,353 1,512,769 1,796,636
45.71%
54.28%
1997 3,047,907 503,130 494,617 418,452 1,416,200 1,631,707
46.46%
53.53%
಴ᚲ㧦ਛዊડᬺᐡ512
ᐕ

ᓥᬺຬ⛎
ਈ㗵✚⸘
㧔⊖ਁ
࠼࡞㧕

8.2. ☨࿖⚻ᷣߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺߩ⽸₂ᐲᧄ▵ߢߪ‫ޔ‬㐿ᬺ࡮ᑄᬺᢙߦභ߼ࠆਛዊડᬺߩഀวߥߤ‫☨ޔ‬࿖⚻ᷣߦ߅ߌࠆਛዊડᬺߩ⽸₂ᐲࠍ␜ߔ⛔⸘࠺࡯࠲ࠍ߹ߣ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬
߹ߕ 1992㨪2002 ᐕߦ߆ߌߡߩ㐿ᬺᢙ෸߮ᑄᬺᢙࠍᓥᬺຬⷙᮨ೎ߦ⷗ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬᭎ߨ㐿ᬺᢙ߇ᑄᬺᢙࠍ਄࿁ߞߡ߅ࠅ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ో૕ߦ߅޿ߡᑄᬺᢙ߇㐿ᬺᢙࠍ਄࿁ߞߚߩߪ 2001-2002 ᐕߩߺߢ޽
ࠆ‫ޕ‬㐿ᬺ࡮ᑄᬺᢙࠍᓥᬺຬᢙⷙᮨ೎ߦ⷗ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬500 ฬએ਄ߩᓥᬺຬࠍᛴ߃ࠆᄢડᬺߩ߶߁߇‫ޔ‬500 ฬᧂḩߩਛዊડᬺࠃࠅ߽‫ޔ‬ᑄᬺᢙ߇㐿ᬺᢙࠍ⿥߃ࠆᐕ߇ᄙ޿৻ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߦ߅ߌࠆታ
⾰㐿ᬺᢙ㧔㐿ᬺᢙ߆ࠄᑄᬺᢙࠍᒁ޿ߚᢙ୯㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬2005-2006 ᐕߢߪ 7 ਁ␠⒟ᐲߣ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߩ
ర᳇ߩࠃߐ߇⋡┙ߟ㧔⴫ 40 ෳᾖ㧕
‫ޕ‬
⴫ 40
ᦼ㑆513

㐿ᬺ࡮ᑄᬺ

20052006

㐿ᬺᢙ
ᑄᬺᢙ
ታ⾰㐿ᬺᢙ
㐿ᬺᢙ
ᑄᬺᢙ
ታ⾰㐿ᬺᢙ
㐿ᬺᢙ
ᑄᬺᢙ
ታ⾰㐿ᬺᢙ
㐿ᬺᢙ
ᑄᬺᢙ

20042005
20032004
20022003☨࿖ߩᓥᬺຬᢙ೎㐿ᬺ‫ޔ‬ᑄᬺᢙ㧔1996㨪2006 ᐕ㧕ᓥᬺຬᢙ೎㐿ᬺ࡮ᑄᬺᢙ
㐿ᬺ࡮ᑄᬺᢙߦ
㧔ડᬺᢙ㧕භ߼ࠆഀว(%)
✚ᢙ
(ડᬺᢙ)
20 ฬ
500 ฬ
500 ฬ
20 ฬ
500 ฬ
ᧂḩ
ᧂḩ
એ਄
ᧂḩ
ᧂḩ
670,058
640,710
669,841217
95.6% 100.0%
599,333
573,302599,078255
95.7% 100.0%
70,72567,40870,763
ً38 95.3%
644,122
616,019
643,850272
95.6% 100.0%
565,745539,061
565,482263
95.3% 100.0%
78,37776,95878,368998.2% 100.0%
628,917
601,927
628,655262
95.7% 100.0%
541,047
515,031
540,746
301
95.2%
99.9%
87,87086,89687,909
ً39 98.9%
612,296585,552
611,976
320
95.0%
99.9%
540,658
514,565
540,328
330
95.2%
99.9%

512

ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ޔ‬2TKXCVG(KTOU'UVCDNKUJOGPVU'ORNQ[OGPV#PPWCN2C[TQNNCPF4GEGKRVUD[(KTO
Size, 1988-̍: http://www.sba.gov/advo/research/us88_06.pdf(p.2) Ann. pay
513
3 ᦬߆ࠄ⠉ᐕ 2 ᦬߹ߢ‫ޟ߫߃଀ޕ‬2001-2002‫ޔߪޠ‬2001 ᐕ 3 ᦬߆ࠄ 2002 ᐕ 2 ᦬ᧃࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬142

ᦼ㑆513

㐿ᬺ࡮ᑄᬺ

✚ᢙ
(ડᬺᢙ)

ታ⾰㐿ᬺᢙ
71,638569,750
2001- 㐿ᬺᢙ2002
ᑄᬺᢙ586,890
ታ⾰㐿ᬺᢙ
ً17,140
585,140
2000- 㐿ᬺᢙ2001
ᑄᬺᢙ553,291
ታ⾰㐿ᬺᢙ
31,849574,300
1999- 㐿ᬺᢙ2000
ᑄᬺᢙ542,831ታ⾰㐿ᬺᢙ
31,4691998- 㐿ᬺᢙ579,6091999
ᑄᬺᢙ
544,487
ታ⾰㐿ᬺᢙ
35,122589,982
1997- 㐿ᬺᢙ1998
ᑄᬺᢙ540,601
ታ⾰㐿ᬺᢙ
49,381
590,644
1996- 㐿ᬺᢙ1997
ᑄᬺᢙ
530,003
ታ⾰㐿ᬺᢙ
60,641514
಴ᚲ㧦ਛዊડᬺᐡ
ᵈ㧦ًߪࡑࠗ࠽ࠬߩᢙ୯ࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬
8.2.1.

ᓥᬺຬᢙ೎㐿ᬺ࡮ᑄᬺᢙ
㧔ડᬺᢙ㧕
20 ฬ
500 ฬ
500 ฬ
ᧂḩ
ᧂḩ
એ਄
70,98771,648
ً10541,516
568,2801,470
557,133
586,535355
ً15,617 ً18,255
1,115
558,037
584,837303
523,960
552,839452
34,07731,998
ً149
548,030
574,023277
514,242
542,374
457
33,78831,649
ً180554,288579,287322
514,293544,040447
39,99535,247
ً125564,804
589,706
276
511,567
540,112489
53,23749,594
ً213
564,197590,335
309
500,014
529,481522
64,18360,854
ً213

㐿ᬺ࡮ᑄᬺᢙߦ
භ߼ࠆഀว(%)
20 ฬ
500 ฬ
ᧂḩ
ᧂḩ
99.1%
95.0%
99.7%
94.9%
99.9%
106.5%
95.4%
99.9%
94.7%
99.9%
95.4% 100.0%
94.7%
99.9%
95.6%
99.9%
94.5%
99.9%
95.7% 100.0%
94.6%
99.9%
95.5%
99.9%
94.3%
99.9%
-

☨࿖ડᬺߩᓥᬺຬⷙᮨ೎ታ⾰㓹↪ᢙߩផ⒖߹ߚ‫ޔ‬1996㨪2006 ᐕߦ߅ߌࠆᣂⷙ㓹↪ᢙࠍᓥᬺຬⷙᮨ೎ߦ⷗ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬㐿ᬺߦࠃࠆᣂⷙ㓹↪ߪਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆ߽ߩ߇࿶ୟ⊛ߦᄙߊ‫ޔ‬Ᏹߦ 9 ഀ⒟ᐲࠍභ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬ᣢሽડᬺߩⷙᮨ᜛ᄢ
ߦࠃࠆᣂⷙ㓹↪ߪᄢડᬺߣਛዊડᬺ߇⚂ඨಽߕߟࠍභ߼ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ᄙ޿㧔⴫ 41 ෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬514ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫'̌ޔ‬ORNQ[GT(KTO$KTVJUCPF&GCVJUD['ORNQ[OGPV5K\GQH(KTO-̍:http://www.sba.gov/advo/research/dyn_b_d8906.pdf (pp. 1-2) Firms ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬

143

⴫ 41

ᦼ㑆

20052006

20042005

20032004

20022003

20012002

20002001

19992000

19981999☨࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ㓹↪ᢙჇᷫߩⷐ࿃ߣડᬺⷙᮨ೎ౝ⸶ߢߺߚផ⒖㧔1996㨪2006 ᐕ㧕㓹↪ᢙჇᷫߩ
ⷐ࿃Ⴧᷫߒߚ㓹↪ᢙ㧔ੱ㧕ડᬺⷙᮨ೎ߦߺߚ㓹↪ᢙჇᷫ୯㧔ੱ㧕

20 ฬᧂḩ

500 ฬᧂḩ500 ฬએ਄

㓹↪ᢙჇᷫߦභ߼
ࠆડᬺⷙᮨ೎ഀว
㧔㧑㧕
20 ฬ
ᧂḩ
54.3%
53.1%
21.8%
16.7%

500 ฬ
ᧂḩ
92.7%
92.1%
50.2%
46.0%

㐿ᬺ
ᑄᬺ
ᣢሽડᬺߩ᜛ᄢ
ᣢሽડᬺߩ❗ዊ3,682,455
ً3,219,966
15,210,462
ً12,074,631

1,999,214
ً1,710,592
3,320,715
ً2,019,791

3,412,404
ً2,964,123
7,637,379
ً5,560,050

270,051
ً255,943
7,573,083
ً6,514,581

ታ⾰㓹↪Ⴧᷫᢙ
㐿ᬺᑄᬺᣢሽડᬺߩ᜛ᄢ

3,598,320
3,609,285
ً3,307,415
13,970,562

1,072,710
330,462ً326,1947,060,523
ً6,802,465

70.2%
90.8%
90.1%
49.5%

ً13,031,004

2,525,610
3,278,823
ً2,981,221
6,910,039
ً6,228,539

44.2%
53.5%
50.9%
22.1%

ᣢሽડᬺߩ❗ዊ

1,589,546
1,931,018
ً1,684,505
3,091,028
ً2,311,147

17.7%

47.8%

ታ⾰㓹↪Ⴧᷫᢙ
㐿ᬺ

1,241,428
3,574,679

1,026,394
1,889,381

979,1023,240,945

262,326
333,734

82.7%
52.9%

78.9%
90.7%

ᑄᬺ
ᣢሽડᬺߩ᜛ᄢ

ً3,220,504
11,702,153

ً1,614,965

ً2,867,719

ً352,785

3,353,449

6,798,614

4,903,539

50.1%
28.7%

89.0%
58.1%

ᣢሽડᬺߩ❗ዊ

ً10,380,380

ً2,001,072

ً5,314,770

ً5,065,610

19.3%

51.2%

ታ⾰㓹↪Ⴧᷫᢙ
㐿ᬺ

1,675,948
3,667,154

ً1
181,122493,025
ً444,686

86.6%

ً3,324,483
14,677,406

1,857,070
3,174,129
ً2,879,797

97.1%
50.6%

ᑄᬺ
ᣢሽડᬺߩ᜛ᄢ

1,626,793
1,855,516
ً1,608,299

7,036,204
ً8,079,210

86.6%
52.1%

ً14,024,418

7,641,202
ً5,945,208

48.4%
23.4%

ᣢሽડᬺߩ❗ዊ3,438,778
ً2,112,533

15.1%

42.4%

ታ⾰㓹↪Ⴧᷫᢙ
㐿ᬺ

995,659
3,336,930

1,573,462
1,748,097

1,990,326
3,033,734

ً9994,667
336,196

51.9%

90.0%

ᑄᬺ
ᣢሽડᬺߩ᜛ᄢ

ً3,660,161
15,385,726

ً1,755,255

ً3,256,851

ً403,310

3,149,876

7,587,961

7,797,765

48.0%
20.5%

89.0%
49.3%

ᣢሽડᬺߩ❗ዊ

ً17,756,053

ً2,289,644

ً7,794,376

ً9,961,677

12.9%

43.9%

ታ⾰㓹↪Ⴧᷫᢙ
ᢙ㐿ᬺً
3,418,369

52.1%
20.5%

93.5%
47.1%

ᣢሽડᬺߩ❗ዊ

ً14,096,436

ً
309,868
ً211,907
7,906,574
ً8,155,440

90.9%

ً3,261,621
14,939,658

ً
3,108,501
ً3,049,714
7,033,084
ً5,940,996

53.3%

ᑄᬺ
ᣢሽડᬺߩ᜛ᄢ

853,074
1,821,298
ً1,700,677
3,065,106
ً2,074,544

14.7%

42.1%

ታ⾰㓹↪Ⴧᷫᢙ
㐿ᬺ

999,970
3,228,804

1,111,183
1,792,946

1,150,875
3,031,079

ً
197,725

55.5%

93.9%

ᑄᬺ
ᣢሽડᬺߩ᜛ᄢ

ً3,176,609
15,857,582

ً1,653,694

ً2,946,120

ً230,489
8,113,152
ً7,226,681

92.7%
48.8%

ً12,550,358

7,744,430
ً5,323,677

52.1%
21.3%

ᣢሽડᬺߩ❗ዊ3,378,838
ً1,924,624

15.3%

42.4%

ታ⾰㓹↪Ⴧᷫᢙ
㐿ᬺ

3,359,419
3,247,335

1,593,466
1,763,823

2,505,712
3,011,400

47.4%
54.3%

74.6%
92.7%

ً3,267,136

ً1,676,282

ً3,052,630

853,707
235,935
ً214,506

51.3%

93.4%

ᑄᬺ

144

㓹↪ᢙჇᷫߩ
ⷐ࿃ᦼ㑆Ⴧᷫߒߚ㓹↪ᢙ㧔ੱ㧕ડᬺⷙᮨ೎ߦߺߚ㓹↪ᢙჇᷫ୯㧔ੱ㧕ᣢሽડᬺߩ᜛ᄢ

14,843,903

3,245,218

7,266,399

7,577,504

20 ฬ
ᧂḩ
21.9%

ᣢሽડᬺߩ❗ዊ

ً12,236,364

ً1,969,501

ً5,482,142

ً6,754,222

16.1%

44.8%

ታ⾰㓹↪⠪ᢙ
㐿ᬺ

2,587,738
3,205,451

1,363,258
1,812,103

1,743,027
3,002,401

844,711203,050

52.7%
56.5%

67.4%
93.7%

ᑄᬺ
ᣢሽડᬺߩ᜛ᄢ

ً3,233,412
14,885,560

ً1,661,544

ً2,991,722

ً241,690

3,238,047

7,471,622

7,413,938

51.4%
21.8%

92.5%
50.2%

ᣢሽડᬺߩ❗ዊ

ً12,044,422

ً2,002,313

ً5,747,725

ً6,296,697

16.6%

47.7%

ታ⾰㓹↪Ⴧᷫᢙ
㐿ᬺ

2,813,177
3,227,556

1,078,601
197,890
ً313,790

61.7%
93.9%

ً3,274,604
16,243,424

1,734,576
3,029,666
ً2,960,814

49.3%
56.2%

ᑄᬺ
ᣢሽડᬺߩ᜛ᄢ

1,386,293
1,813,539
ً1,620,797
3,400,037

8,628,839

7,614,585

49.5%
20.9%

90.4%
53.1%

ᣢሽડᬺߩ❗ዊ

ً13,092,093

ً2,035,083

ً6,343,489

ً6,748,604

15.5%

48.5%

ታ⾰㓹↪Ⴧᷫᢙ

3,104,283

1,557,696

2,354,202

750,081

50.2%

75.8%

20 ฬᧂḩ

19971998

19961997

㓹↪ᢙჇᷫߦභ߼
ࠆડᬺⷙᮨ೎ഀว
㧔㧑㧕

500 ฬᧂḩ500 ฬએ਄

಴ᚲ㧦ਛዊડᬺᐡ515
8.2.2.

☨࿖ડᬺߩᬺ⒳೎ታ⾰ᣂⷙ㓹↪ᢙ

⴫ 42 ߪ‫ޔ‬2005㨪2006 ᐕ516ߦᣂߚߦഃ಴ߐࠇߚታ⾰㓹↪ᢙࠍ‫ޔ‬ᓥᬺຬ೎෸߮ᬺ⒳೎ߦ⴫ߒߚ
߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߣࠆࠃߦࠇߎޕ‬500 ฬᧂḩߩਛዊડᬺ߇‫ోޔ‬૕ߩ 7 ഀߣߥࠆ 250 ਁੱએ਄ߩ㓹↪
ࠍഃ಴ߔࠆ৻ᣇ‫ޔ‬500 ฬએ਄ߩᄢડᬺߦ߅ߌࠆ㓹↪ߪ 100 ਁੱ⒟ᐲߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᬺ⒳೎ߢߺ
ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆ㓹↪ߪࠨ࡯ࡆࠬᬺ߇ 144 ਁੱߣᦨ߽ᄙߊ‫ޔઁߩߘޔ‬ᑪ⸳ᬺ‫෈ޔ‬ᄁᬺ‫ޔ‬ਇേ↥ᬺߦ߅ߌࠆഀว߇㜞޿‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬ᄢડᬺߪዊᄁᬺߦ߅ߌࠆ㓹↪ഃ಴ߦභ߼ࠆഀว߇㜞޿‫ޕ‬
⴫ 42
ᬺ⒳
✚ᢙ
ㄘᨋ᳓↥ᬺ
㋶ᬺ
㔚ജ╬
ᑪ⸳
⵾ㅧ
෈ᄁ

☨࿖ડᬺߩᬺ⒳೎ታ⾰ᣂⷙ㓹↪ഃ಴ᢙ㧔2005㨪2006 ᐕ㧕ᓥᬺຬⷙᮨ೎ᬺ⒳೎㓹↪ᢙ
ᬺ⒳೎㓹↪✚ᢙ(ੱ)ߦභ߼ࠆഀว(%)✚ᢙ(ੱ)
20 ฬ 500 ฬ 500 ฬ
20 ฬᧂḩ
500 ฬᧂḩ 500 ฬએ਄ ᧂḩ ᧂḩએ਄
3,598,320
1,589,546
2,525,610
1,072,710
44%
70%
30%
-2,32856,906-18,016844
1,538-19,554
560,992
326,776
513,494
47,49858%
92%
8%-7,29370,868
118,961-126,254
56,79556,736
84,118-27,323 100%
148%
-

515

ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫'̌ޔ‬ORNQ[GT(KTO$KTVJUCPF&GCVJUD['ORNQ[OGPV5K\GQH(KTO-̍:http://www.sba.gov/advo/research/dyn_b_d8906.pdf (pp. 2-3) Employment ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬516
2000 ᐕ 3 ᦬ 1 ᣣ߆ࠄ 2001 ᐕ 2 ᦬ᧃߩᦼ㑆ࠍᜰߔ‫ޕ‬

145

500 ฬ
ᧂḩ
49.0%

ᬺ⒳

ᓥᬺຬⷙᮨ೎ᬺ⒳೎㓹↪ᢙ
(ੱ)

✚ᢙ
(ੱ)

ዊᄁ

446,205
121,090ᖱႎ
-12,907㊄Ⲣ࡮଻㒾
221,227
ਇേ↥
83,395
ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ
2,090,030
ߘߩઁ
2,224
಴ᚲ㧦ਛዊડᬺᐡ517

20 ฬᧂḩ
72,96646,036
20,65854,53757,479865,625-500 ฬᧂḩ51,617
66,32130,827
99,964
77,262
1,441,320-

500 ฬએ਄
394,588
54,769-43,734
121,2636,133
648,710-ᬺ⒳೎㓹↪✚ᢙߦභ߼ࠆഀว(%)
20 ฬ 500 ฬ 500 ฬ
ᧂḩ ᧂḩ
એ਄
16%
12%
88%
38%
55%
45%
25%
45%
55%
69%
93%
7%
41%
69%
31%
-

8.3. ☨࿖ਛዊડᬺߦ߅ߌࠆャ಴ߩታᘒ2007 ᐕᐲߩਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆャ಴✚㗵ߪ 3,117 ం࠼࡞ߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬2002 ᐕᐲ߆ࠄฝ⢋਄߇ࠅߦჇട௑ะߦ޽ࠆ㧔࿑ 22 ෳᾖ㧕‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬1997㨪2007 ᐕߦ߅޿ߡߪਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆャ಴㗵ߪ☨࿖ߩャ಴㗵ో૕ߦኻߒߡ⚂ 30㧑ࠍභ߼ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ㧔࿑ 23 ෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬࿑ 22☨࿖ਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆャ಴㗵㧔2002㨪2007 ᐕ㧕಴ᚲ㧦ㅢ໡ઍ⴫ㇱ518

517
ਛዊડᬺᐡ‫̌ޔ‬Establishment and Employment Changes from Births and Deaths by Firm Size andMajor Industry, 2005-̍: http://www.sba.gov/advo/research/dyn_us06.pdf (p.8) Change in
Employment ߩㇱಽ‫ޕ‬518
ㅢ໡ઍ⴫ㇱ‫̌ޔ‬Exports by Small and Medium Size U.S. Enterprises, 2002-2007̍㧦
http://www.ustr.gov/webfm_send/1166

146

࿑ 23

☨࿖ߩャ಴㗵෸߮ਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆャ಴ࠪࠚࠕ಴ᚲ㧦☨࿖࿖㓙⾏ᤃᆔຬળ㧔ITC㧕519
໡ຠ೎ߦߺࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ਛዊડᬺߪࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯࡮㔚ሶᯏེ‫ޔ‬ᯏ᪾㧔㔚ሶᯏེࠍ㒰ߊ㧕‫ޔ‬ൻቇ⵾ຠ‫ޔ‬ャㅍ↪ᯏེߩャ಴߇ᄙ޿㧔࿑ 24 ෳᾖ㧕‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬1997㨪2007 ᐕߩ㑆ߦᄢડᬺߦࠃߞߡⴕࠊ
ࠇߚャ಴㗵ߩ 80㨪90㧑ߪ⵾ㅧᬺ⠪ߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ߇520‫ޔ‬หᦼ㑆ߦਛዊ⵾ㅧᬺ⠪߇ャ಴ߦභ߼ࠆഀวߪ 30㧑⒟ᐲߦ⇐߹ߞߡ޿ࠆ㧔࿑ 25 ෳᾖ㧕
‫ޕ‬

519

☨࿖࿖㓙⾏ᤃᆔຬળ㧔ITC㧕
㧔2009 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 19 ᣣ㧕ਛዊડᬺߣ☨࿖ャ಴㧔Small and Medium Sized
Enterprises:Overview of Participation in U.S. Exports㧕:
http://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/pub4125.pdf
520
ห਄ (p.45㧕Figure 3.3

147

࿑ 24

ᄢⷙᮨ࡮ਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆ☨࿖ャ಴໡ຠ಴ᚲ㧦☨࿖࿖㓙⾏ᤃᆔຬળ㧔ITC㧕521
6,000
5,000
义
ం 4,000丈个
乊 3,000

义
䋦
乊

2,000
1,000

⵾ㅧᬺ

࿑ 25
521

෈ᄁᬺ

䈠䈱ઁ

⵾ㅧᬺ䈱䉲䉢䉝

ャ಴ߦභ߼ࠆ⵾ㅧᬺ‫෈ޔ‬ᄁ‫ߩઁߩߘޔ‬ഀว㧔ਛዊડᬺ㧕ห਄‫( ޕ‬p. 51) Figure 3.7148಴ᚲ㧦☨࿖࿖㓙⾏ᤃᆔຬળ㧔ITC㧕522
ਛዊડᬺߦࠃࠆャ಴వߦ㑐ߒߡߪᄙ޿࿖߆ࠄࠞ࠽࠳‫ޔࠦࠪࠠࡔޔ‬ਛ࿖‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߣ޿߁⚿ᨐ߇಴ߡ߅ࠅ‫ߪࠇߎޔ‬ᄢડᬺߩ࠻࡟ࡦ࠼ߣ৻⥌ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔࿑ 26 ෳᾖ㧕
‫ޕ‬
࿑ 26

☨࿖ડᬺߩャ಴⋧ᚻ࿖಴ᚲ㧦☨࿖࿖㓙⾏ᤃᆔຬળ㧔ITC㧕523

522
523

ห਄‫( ޕ‬p. 45) Figure 3.3ห਄‫( ޕ‬p. 48) Figure 3.5149⑌ ή ᢿ ォ タ

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