䝸䞊䞁䞉䝞䝇䝏䜰䞁䝉䞁 Leen Bastiaansen䝧䝹䜼䞊䛷 AID 䛷⏕䜎䜜䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸
Being Donor Conceived in BelgiumϗϩάʖͲ ', Ͳਫ਼ΉΗΖͳ͏͑͞ͳ
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/HHQ%DVWLDDQVHQϗϩάʖͲ͹ $,' ड़ਫ਼ंགྷࢭ ೧Ґ߳ɼϗϩάʖͲͺഓ۰ࢢ఑‫ڛ‬ͺಙ໌Ͳߨ͑Γ͑๑ཱͲ݀ΌΔΗͱ͏Ήͤɽඉಙ໌͹఑‫ڛ‬ͺಝఈ͹ড়݇ԾͲͺ༲೟͠ΗΉͤ͗ɼ͑ͪ͢͞͞ͳͺΌͮͪͶً͞ΕΉͦΞɽඉಙ໌Ͳ͹఑‫ڛ‬ͺҩ๑͵͹Ͳͤɽ ೧Ґ߳ɼ఑‫ڛ‬ഓ۰ࢢͲ͹ड़ਫ਼ं͗ͫ͢͏Ͷ੢Ν৏͝ΖΓ͑Ͷ͵Εɼड़ਫ਼ं͹ड़ࣙΝஎΖ‫ݘ‬ཤ͹๑ద͵ট೟Νགྷ‫ͤٽ‬ΖΓ͑Ͷ͵ΕΉͪ͢ɽͨΗҐཔɼ͠Ή͡Ή͵੕ౚ͗఑‫ڛ‬੠ࢢͲਫ਼ΉΗͪਕ͹ωʖθͶԢ͓Γ͑ͳ͢ͱ͏Ήͤ͗ɼࠕೖΉͲ੕࣑ద߻қͶୣ͢ͱ͕Δͥɼχψʖ͹ಙ໌੓͗ғષͳ͢ͱඬ६ͳ͠Ηͱ͏Ήͤɽ ೧ਫ਼ΉΗ͹ࢴͺɼ๑‫و‬੏͹͵͏࣎େͶ఑‫ڛ‬੠ࢢͲਫ਼ΉΗΉͪ͢ɽ͖͢͢ɼχψʖΝಙ໌ͳ
ͤΖ͞ͳͺࣆࣰ৏͹घॳͲ͍Εɼ఑‫ڛ‬੠ࢢͲ฾͹ೝ৹Νୣ੔ͪ͢ҫࢥͺࢴ͹ྈ਎Ͷʹ͑Ώͮͱೝ৹͖ͪͨ͢͹๏๑ΝඁືͶ͢ͱ͕͚Γ͑ͶΠχώ΢η͢Ήͪ͢ɽࢴͺ  ࡂ͹ͳ͘ɼ෗͗෈ೝ঳Ͳ
͍ΖͪΌͶಙ໌͹੠ࢢ఑‫ڛ‬ͶΓͮͱೝ৹ͪ͢͞ͳΝஎΕΉͪ͢ɽ͞͹ࠄஎͺࢴͶ୉͘͵ুܺΝ΍
ͪΔ͢ɼཱིͬ௜Ζ͹͗ͪ͏΃ΞͲͪ͢ɽ࣏͹೧ɼࢴͺࣰ͹෗ΝஎΖ‫ݘ‬ཤ͹ͪΌͶક͏Ήͪ͢ɽࢴ͹චࢰ͹ૠࡩͺɼ௩Ή͢͏൹൓ɼ൳ఈɼͨ͢ͱ஦উͶ‫ݡ‬෥ΚΗΉͪ͢ɽͲͤ͗ɼ ࡂͲΓ͑Ώࣰ͚͹෗Ν‫ͯ͜ݡ‬ɼՁౕ͖ճ͏Ήͪ͢ɽ൶ͺ਎઀Ͳɼࢴ͹ͤ΄ͱ͹࣯໲Ͷ‫ج‬ΞͲ౶͓ͱ͚ΗΉͤɽࢴͺ‫״‬ः͢ͱ͏Ήͤɽ͖͢͢ɼ൶Ν‫ͱ΄ͤͲͳͪͯ͜͞ݡ‬͹൷͢Ί͗մ݀Ͳͪ͘Κ͜Ͳͺ͍ΕΉͦΞɽ৿ͪ͵՟ୌ͗ਫ਼ΉΗɼ఑‫ڛ‬ഓ۰ࢢͲਫ਼ΉΗͪͳ͏͑͞ͳͺɼ͞͹઎΍෵ࡸͲ໿ղ͵͞ͳ͗݀͢ͱ͵͚͵Δ͵͏͹ͫͳ͏͑͞ͳΝ‫ޝ‬ΕΉͪ͢ɽ32䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁ᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䠎䠌䠎䠍ᖺ䠔᭶䠎䠕᪥䠄᪥䠅㛤ദฟ⮬䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛜䛺䛬㔜せ䛺䛾䛛 Why Is The Right to Know Important?
ᥦ౪⢭Ꮚ䛷⏕䜎䜜䛯ே䛯䛱䛾⤒㦂䛸ᛮ䛔 The Experiences and Thoughts of Donor-Conceived People$EVWUDFW
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ࠕɼϗϩάʖͶेΞͲ͕ΕΉͤ͹Ͳɼ', Ͳਫ਼ΉΗΖ͞ͳͶͯ͏ͱɼϗϩάʖ͹য়‫ڱ‬Ͷͯ͏ͱ͕࿫ͪ͢͏ͳࢧ͏Ήͤɽͨ͹͍ͳɼ', Ͳਫ਼ΉΗͪंͳ͢ͱ͹‫ݺ‬ਕద͵ର‫ݩ‬Ͷͯ͏ͱ͕࿫ͪ͢͏ͳࢧ
͏Ήͤɽࢴͺɼ', Ν୉͘͵තՑ͹Γ͑Ͷྭ͓ͪ͏ͳࢧ͏Ήͤɽන໚ͺεϱϕϩ͖΍͢ΗΉͦΞ͗ɼතࢃ͹ԾͶͺ͏Θ͏Θ͵෵ࡸ͵གྷҾ͍͗Εɼਕʓ͗ͨ͑͏͑͞ͳͶͯ͏ͱͺஎΔ͵͏ͳ͏఼͑Ͳතࢃ
ͳࣇͱ͏Ήͤɽ͞͹෵ࡸ͵ͳ͞ΘͶͯ͏ͱͺɼਕʓͺΓ͚எΔ͵͏͵͹Ͳͤɽͨ͑͏͑͞ͳͲɼΉͥࣙ‫়ހ‬ղΝͪ͢͏ͳࢧ͏Ήͤɽࢴͺ  ೧Ͷਫ਼ΉΗɼ‫ࡑݳ‬ɼ ࡂͲͤɽ ਕ͘Β͑ͫ͏͹ͬΒ͑ʹਇΞ஦Ͳɼྡজৼཀྵָंͳ͢ͱಉ͏ͱ͏Ήͤɽϗϩάʖ͹ϙʖϚʖίϱͳ͏͑ॶͶेΞͲ͏Ήͤɽʲϓϧϱξʖη͹‫ݚ‬ʳͲ༙໌͵ॶͲͤɽϚʖ΢ϓϪϱχͳेΞͲ͏ͱɼ‫ݚ‬΍ҲॻͲͤɽಙ໌͹੠ࢢχψʖ͹੠ࢢͲਫ਼ΉΗΉͪ͢ɽϗϩάʖ͹ ', ͹ྼ࢛ϗϩάʖ͹ ', ͹ྼ࢛Ͷͯ͏ͱɼͨΗ͖Δɼ๑ద͵ຼཙͶͯ͏ͱΉ͕ͥ࿫͢ΉͤɽਬఈͲͤ͗ɼ
ϗϩάʖͶ͕͘Ή͢ͱͺɼॵΌͱ͹ҫָదࢩԋͶΓΖ੠ࢢ఑‫ڛ‬ͺ  ೧͹‫ޛ‬ൔɼ͍Ζ͏ͺɼ
೧େ͹ॵΌͫͳ‫ݶ‬ΚΗͱ͏Ήͤɽ࠹ॵ͹੠ࢢώϱέɼ౜݃੠ࢢΝ఑‫ͤڛ‬Ζ੠ࢢώϱέ͗Ͳͪ͘͹ͺ  ೧Ͳɼॵ‫غ‬Ͷ͕͘Ή͢ͱͺɼ', ͺϪθϑΠϱͲͺ͵͚ɼ஋ঃ͹ΩρϕϩͶࣰࢬ͠Ηͱ͏Ήͪ͢ɽ͖͢͢ɼ ೧େͶͺϪθϑΠϱɼͨ͢ͱɼεϱήϩ͹ঃ੓΍ ', Νण͜Ζ͞ͳ͗Ն೵
33

䝸䞊䞁䞉䝞䝇䝏䜰䞁䝉䞁 Leen Bastiaansen䝧䝹䜼䞊䛷 AID 䛷⏕䜎䜜䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸
Being Donor Conceived in BelgiumͶ͵ΕΉͪ͢ɽ‫Ͳࡑݳ‬ͺɼ', ͹  Ϗʖιϱφ͗εϱήϩ͹ঃ੓͖ϪθϑΠϱΩρϕϩͶࣰࢬ͠Ηͱ͏Ήͤɽ
 ೧େ͹‫ޛ‬ൔͶ͵ΕΉͤͳɼཝࢢ͹఑‫ڛ‬΍ߨΚΗΖΓ͑Ͷ͵ΕΉͪ͢ɽ ೧େɼυϱϜʖέ͖Δ͹఑‫ڛ‬੠ࢢ͹༎೘͗ଁ୉͢Ήͪ͢ɽ‫ࡑݳ‬ͺϗϩάʖͲ࢘ΚΗͱ͏Ζ఑‫ڛ‬੠ࢢ͹  ෾͹ ͗υϱϜʖέ༟པ͹΍͹Ͳ͍Ζͳ͏͑΀͑Ͷ‫ݶ‬ΚΗͱ͏Ήͤɽ ೧ΉͲϗϩάʖͶͺ ', Ͷ‫ͤؖ‬Ζ๑ద͵࿰ૌΊͺ͍ΕΉͦΞͲͪ͢ɽέϨωρέ͗ͨΗͩΗϩʖϩΝ͚ͯΕɼࣰࡏͶͺχψʖ͹ಙ໌੓͗ࢩഓదͲͪ͢ɽχψʖ͹Π΢υϱτΡτΡɼͯΉΕχψʖͺಙ໌ͳ͠Ηͱ͏ͪ͹Ͳͤɽͨ͢ͱɼ਎Ͷ΍ඁືͶ͢ͱ͕͏ͪΆ͑͗͏͏ͳఽ͓ͱ͏Ήͪ͢ɽͯΉΕɼࢢʹ΍Ͷɼʹ͹Γ͑Ͷਫ਼ΉΗͱ͖ͪ͘ͳ͏͑͞ͳΝӇͤΓ͑ͶΠχώ΢ηͪ͢͹ͲͤɽͨΗ͗ঙ͢รԿͪ͢͹͗  ೧େɼ ೧େ͛Δ͏ͲͤɽϪθϑΠϱɼͨ͢ͱɼεϱήϩ͹
ঃ੓͗ΓΕଡ͚ͨ͹࣑ྏΝण͜Ζͳ͏͑͞ͳͶ͵ͮͪ͞ͳͶΓͮͱɼ൶ঃͪͬ͗ɼ੠ࢢχψʖΝ࢘ͮͪ͞ͳΝӇͤͳ͏͑͞ͳͺೋ͢͏Ͳ͖ͤΔɼ͞Η͗รԿΝଇͤ͞ͳͶ͵ΕΉͪ͢ɽνϔʖɼͨ͢ͱɼಙ໌੓Ν͵͚ͤͳ͏͑͞ͳͶༀཱིͮͪ͹Ͳͤɽͪͫɼ஋ঃؔ͹Ωρϕϩ͹ଡ͚ͺɼಙ໌੓Ν޹΋Ն೵੓͍͗Ζͳ͏ΚΗΉͪ͢ɽ‫Ͳࡑݳ‬΍ࢢʹ΍͗ ', Ͳਫ਼ΉΗͪ͞ͳΝ਎͖Δ࿫͢ͱ΍Δ͓ͱ͏͵͏ͳ͏͑͞ͳ͗ଡ͚͍ΕΉͤɽ ೧ɼਫ਼৫ึঁٗढ़Ͷ‫ͤؖ‬Ζ๑ཱ͗੏ఈ͠Ηɼࠕͺ͞͹๑ཱͶ͹ͮͳͮͱࣰࢬ͠Ηͱ͏Ήͤɽχψʖͺಙ໌Ͳ͍Ζ͞ͳ͗ඬ६Ͳͤɽͨ͢ͱɼՊଔΏஎΕ߻͏͵ʹਐ಼͹ඉಙ໌͹఑‫ڛ‬΍Ն೵Ͳ͍ΕΉͤ͗ɼͪͫɼ੠ࢢ఑‫ڛ‬Ͷͺͨ͑ͪ͢ίʖηͺΆͳΞʹ͍ΕΉͦΞɽ͞͹ΨϕεϥϱΝ‫؜‬Όͪ͹ͺɼϚϧϱτΡΠͲཝࢢ఑‫ͤڛ‬ΖਕΝ‫ͯ͜ݡ‬Ζ͹͗ೋ͢͏ͳ͏͑͞ͳ͍͗ΕΉͪ͢ɽͯΉΕਐ಼͖Δ͹఑‫ڛ‬΍೟Ό͵͏ͳཝࢢ఑‫͗ंڛ‬Ί͖ͯΔ͵͖ͮͪ͹ͲͤɽͲ΍ྡজ΍ɼਏྏॶ΍ͨΗͶൕଲͤΖ͞ͳ͗ଡ͏ɽΨʖηφϧϨΠɼωϣʖζʖϧϱχɼ΢άϨηɼΨϧϱξͲ‫͠ڒ‬Ηͱ͏Ζඉಙ໌Ͳ͹఑‫ڛ‬ͺɼϗϩάʖͲͺ‫͠ࢯے‬Ηͱ͏Ήͤɽ࠹୉Ͳ  ՊଔΉͲ఑‫͘Ͳڛ‬Ζ͞ͳͶ͵ͮͱ͏Ήͤ͗ɼࠅ಼͹බӅસରΝ໤དͤΖ஦ԟౌ࿧੏ౕͺ͍ΕΉͦΞɽͯΉΕɼφʖνϩ͵఑‫ڛ‬Ͷ‫ͤؖ‬Ζౌ࿧੏ౕ͗͵͏͹Ͳɼͨ͹ϨϝρφΝ௔਼͓ͪͶ͵ͮͱ͏Ζ͖΍͢ΗΉͦΞɽ༑ਫ਼ָద͵મ୔ͺ‫ͳࢯے‬͏͑͞ͳͲͤ͗ɼҫࢥͺϪεϒΦϱφ͹‫ͪݡ‬໪͵ʹͶ͍ΚͦͱχψʖΝમ;Ήͤɽఈֻ͹ඇ༽ฯৄͺՆ೵Ͳͤɽͳ͏͑͞ͳͺɼಝͶ੠ࢢχψʖͺɼ఑‫ڛ‬ͶΓͮͱ৖߻ͶΓͮͱͺ͖͵Ε΍͖͑Ζͳ͏͑͞ͳͲͤ͸ɽ͞Ηͺঐ‫ۂ‬దͶ͵ͮͱ͏Ζͳ͏͑͞ͳͲͤɽ࣑ྏ઴ɼͨ͢ͱɼ࣑ྏ஦͹ΩΤϱιϨϱήͺ๑ཱͲ݀ΌΔΗͱ͏Ήͤɽ֋ࣖͺ໎ࣖదͶͺ਒ΌΔΗͱ͏͵͏ͳ͏͑͞ͳͲͤɽ‫ݳ‬ࡑɼਏྏॶͺ਎Ͷଲ͢ͱɼࢢʹ΍Ͷଲ͢ͱΨʖϕϱͲ͍ΖΓ͑ͶΠχώ΢ηͺ͢Ήͤ͜Ηʹ΍ɼ͖͵Εͨ͹఼ͺ਎Ͷ೜͠Ηͱ͏Ήͤɽड़ਫ਼ंͶΓΖ‫׈‬ಊϗϩάʖͶ͕͘Ή͢ͱͺɼ఑‫ڛ‬ഓ۰ࢢͲਫ਼ΉΗͪਕͪͬ͹‫׈‬ಊ͗  ೧͖Δ࢟Ήͮͱ͏Ήͤɽ
Ͳ͖ͤΔɼྼ࢛ͺΉͫછ͏ͳ͏͓Ήͤɽࢴͪͬ͗ΏΘ͑ͳ͢ͱ͏Ζ͞ͳͺɼ੕࣑ద͵ϫϑʖ‫׈‬ಊΏɼχψʖ͹ಙ໌੓͹‫ࢯے‬ɼͨ͢ͱχψʖΏࢢʹ΍͹ωʖθͶͯ͏ͱҲൢ͹೟ࣟΝ߶ΌΖͳ͏͑͞ͳͲͤɽͨΗͲɼ఑‫ʹࢢͳंڛ‬΍͹αϝϣωτΡʖΝ͚ͯΖ͞ͳͶ͢Ήͪ͢ɽ
34䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁ᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䠎䠌䠎䠍ᖺ䠔᭶䠎䠕᪥䠄᪥䠅㛤ദฟ⮬䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛜䛺䛬㔜せ䛺䛾䛛 Why Is The Right to Know Important?
ᥦ౪⢭Ꮚ䛷⏕䜎䜜䛯ே䛯䛱䛾⤒㦂䛸ᛮ䛔 The Experiences and Thoughts of Donor-Conceived People ೧ɼ٠ճ͹௎ซճ͗֋࠷͠Ηͱ͕ΕΉͤɽ', Ͳਫ਼ΉΗͪࢢʹ΍ͪͬ͗ৄ‫ݶ‬Ν͢ͱ͏Ήͤɽͨ͢ͱɼ਎Ώָࣟंɼ෈ೝ͹઒໵͹ҫࢥ͵ʹ͗ৄ‫͏ͱ͢ݶ‬Ήͤɽͨ͹݃Վɼͨ͹਼͖݆‫ޛ‬Ͷ৿͢͏๑ཱ͗఑Ҍ͠ΗΉͪ͢ɽ‫׮‬સͶ఑‫ंڛ‬͹ಙ໌੓Ν‫ͤࢯے‬Ζͳ͞Θ͖Δɼ͍Ζ͏ͺಙ໌ͳඉಙ໌
͹ξϔϩφϧρέ͹εητϞΝ಍೘ͤΖ͵ʹɼ͏Θ͏Θ͵൥ҕ͹΍͹͗఑Ҍ͠ΗΉͪ͢ɽͲ΍ɼ‫ࡑݳ‬΍ΉͫɼαϱιϱγηͺಚΔΗͱ͏ΉͦΞɽͨ͑͏͑͞ͳͲɼ͍Η͖Δ  ೧΍‫͏ͱͮܨ‬ΖΚ
͜Ͳͤ͗ɼχψʖ͹ಙ໌੓͗ࢩഓద͵ΉΉͲͤɽ ೧͹शΚΕࠔɼϗϩάʖͲͺͣΌͱɼ', Ͳਫ਼ΉΗͪਕ͗Ψϧϱξ͹χψʖౌ࿧Νղ͢ͱɼਫ਼෼ָద෗਎Ν‫ͯ͜ݡ‬Ζ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘Ήͪ͢ɽ৆͚͢ͺ‫Ͳޛ‬࿫͢Ήͤ͗ͨΗ͗ࢴ͵͹Ͳͤɽ ೧Ґ߳ɼ఑‫ڛ‬Νणͪ͜ଡ͚͹ਕͪͬ͗ঐ‫ۂ‬ϗʖη͹ '1$ τηφΏҪఽࢢ‫ڂݜ‬ͶΓͮͱಚͪঐ‫༽ۂ‬
͹ '1$ υʖνϗʖηΝཤ༽͢ͱɼਫ਼෼ָ৏͹਎ྪΝ୵͢ͱ͏ΉͤɽξϝΠϱ͗ͪ͢Γ͑Ͷɼଡ͚͹ਕ͗ͨΗΝཤ༽͢ͱɼ୵͢౲ͱͱ͏Ήͤɽ ೧ɼࠕ೧Ͳͤ͜Ηʹ΍ɼϓϧϱχϩஏ๏͹੕ැ͗ΠϱιηφϨʖιϱνʖʤૈ઎ιϱνʖʥͳ͏͑΍͹Νઅཱི͢Ήͪ͢ɽ٠ճ͹௎ซճΝߨͮͪ‫ޛ‬͹͞ͳͲͤ͗ɼ‫ک‬੏దͶ཈ࢢͳ͵ͮͪգ‫ڊ‬͹අ֒ं͹ͪΌ͹΍͹Ͳͤɽૈ઎ιϱνʖΝ͚ͯͮͱɼշΗͱ͢ΉͮͪՊଔΝΉͪ‫ݫ‬Ͷ໯ͤ͞ͳ͗໪దͲઅཱི͠ΗΉͪ͢ɽ͞Ηͺ ', ͳ΍‫ڠ‬௪͢ͱ͏Ζ໲ୌ͍͗Ζ͞ͳ͖Δɼ', Ͳਫ਼ΉΗͪࢢʹ΍΍ɼͨ͞Ͷౌ࿧Ν͢ͱ '1$ τηφΝ͑͜Ζ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘ΉͤɽͲ΍ɼιϱνʖ͗֋અ͠Ηͪ͹ͺࠕ೧͵͹ͲɼՁਕౌ࿧͠Η͖ͪͺ෾͖ΕΉͦΞɽඉ৙Ͷఱ‫ܗ‬ద͵ϗϩάʖ͹੏ౕͲɼඉ৙Ͷͻ͖ͪ͝੏ౕͶ͵ͮͱ͏Ήͤɽඉ৙Ͷ෵ࡸ͵੕࣑ద͵য়‫ڱ‬͹݃ՎɼͨΞ͵͞ͳͶ͵ͮͱ͏Ζ͹Ͳͤɽ࿊๞๑Ͳͺɼͨ͹ࢢʹ΍ͪͬ͗Ҫఽద͵ϩʖςΝஎΖ‫ݘ‬ཤΝͺ͚୥͢ͱ͏ΖҲ๏Ͳɼϓϧϱχϩ
ஏ๏͹๑ཱ͹Ծɼࢢʹ΍ͪͬͺ '1$ ‫ࠬݗ‬Νण͜Ζ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘ΖΚ͜ͲͤɽͨΗͶΓͮͱҪఽࢢɼҫָద͵਎ੲΝ୵ͤ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘Ζͳ͏͑͞ͳͲɼ͞͹য়‫ڱ‬ͺ͍ΞΉΕௗ͚ͺକ͖͵͏ͳࢧ͏Ήͤɽχψʖ͹ಙ໌ͺ͏ͥΗ࿊๞๑Ͳ΍‫͠ࢯے‬ΗΖͳ͏͑͞ͳͶ͵Ζͳࢧ͏Ήͤɽࢴ͹ࠕɼਅ͢৏ͪ͝
࿫͹ࢂলช‫ݛ‬ͺηϧ΢χͶ͍Ζ௪ΕͲͤ1ɽࢴ͹‫ݩܨ‬
࣏Ͷɼࢴ͹‫ݺ‬ਕద͵ηφʖϨʖͶͯ͏ͱ͕࿫ͪ͢͏ͳࢧ͏Ήͤɽࢴͺ  ೧͹वͶ ', Ͳਫ਼ΉΗΉͪ͢ɽ෗਎Ͷ෈ೝ͹໲ୌ͍͗ͮͪͳ͹͞ͳͲɼ਎ͪͬͺɼࢢʹ΍Ͷଲ͢ͱ͞͹͞ͳͺඁືͶ͢ͱ͕͚Γ͑ͶͳΠχώ΢η͠ΗͪΓ͑Ͳͤɽ਎ͺͨΗΝगͮͪΚ͜Ͳͤ͸ɽࢴͺࢢʹ΍͹ࠔɼՊଔ͹ؔ͹ͯ͵͗Ε͗ܿ೙͢ͱ͏ΖΓ͑Ͷ‫͏ͱͣ״‬Ήͪ͢ɽಝͶ

1

References

Ombelet, W., & Van Robays, J. (2015). Artificial insemination history: Hurdles and milestones. Facts, Views& Vision in ObGyn, 7, 137-143.
Pennings, G. (2010). The rough guide to insemination: cross-border travelling for donor semen due todifferent regulations. Facts,Views & Vision in ObGyn, 55-60.
Thijssen, A., Dhont, N., Vandormael, E., Cox, A., Klerkx, E., Creemers, E., & Ombelet, W. (2014). Artificial
insemination with donor sperm (AID): Heterogeneity in sperm banking facilities in a single
country(Belgium). Facts, Views & Vision in ObGyn, 6, 57.

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䝸䞊䞁䞉䝞䝇䝏䜰䞁䝉䞁 Leen Bastiaansen䝧䝹䜼䞊䛷 AID 䛷⏕䜎䜜䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸
Being Donor Conceived in Belgium෗๏͹਎ੲ͹஦Ͷ͏ΖͳɼΓͨं͹Γ͑͵‫ـ‬෾Ͳͪ͢ɽࢧॡ‫غ‬Ͷ͵ΕΉͤͳɼ࿫͢ͱ͕͖͵͏ͳ͏͜͵͏ͳࢧ͑͹Ͳͤ͗ɼࢴ͗  ࡂ͹ͳ͘Ͷ਎ͺ཯࠙͢ɼͨ͢ͱɼೖ༷ೖ͟ͳͶࢴͪͬͺ෗਎ͳճͮͪ΍͹͹ɼ෗਎ͳ͹‫཯ړ‬ͺ͖͵Ε཯Ηͱ͏͘Ήͪ͢ɽτΡʖϱΦʖζϡʖͶ͵ͮͪͳ͘Ͷͺͨ͹‫״཯ړ‬Ͷඉ৙Ͷ‫͢ۦ‬ΊΉͪ͢ɽ෗਎ͳ૆ԗͶ͵ͮͪΓ͑͵‫ͪͮͫͬ࣍ـ‬͹Ͳͤɽ͢ͻ͢ͻɼʹ͑Ώͮͱɼຌ౲Ͷࣙ෾͗͞͹ਕ͖Δਫ਼ΉΗͪ͹ͫΘ͖͑ͳࢧͮͪ΍͹Ͳͤɽસ͚ͯ͵͗Ε͗͵͚ɼ෗਎΍ࢴͶ‫ؖ‬༫͢ͱ͞͵͖ͮͪɽͨ͹͞ͳΝඉ৙Ͷ஑͖͚ͥ͢ࢧ͏ɼΉͪ‫ޛ‬ΘΌͪ͠΍͍ΕΉͪ͢ɽ෗਎Ͷͯ͏ͱ͞Ξ͵͞ͳΝࢧ͑ࣙ෾ͺɼѳ͏໊Ͷҩ͏͵͏ͳࢧͮͪ͹Ͳͤɽ ࡂ͹ͳ͘Ͷ෗਎Ͷͯ͏ͱ͹ѳໂΝ‫ݡ‬Ή͢ͱɼͨΗͲ௉ৱΝखΕ͵͗Δͨ͑͏͑͞ͳΝ฾਎Ͷ࿫͢Ήͪ͢ɽ฾਎ͺɼͬΒͮͳ͍͵ͪͶ࿫͢ͱ͕͚΄͘͞ͳ͍͗Ζͳ‫͏ݶ‬ɼ઴Ͷ͏͑΄͖ͫͮͪ͘΍͢Η͵͏͜Ηʹ΍ɼ͍͵ͪ͹෗਎ͺࣰ͹෗਎Ͳͺ͵͏Ξͫͳɼͨ͹ͳ͘ͶॵΌͱ฾͖Δซ͖͠ΗΉͪ͢ɽͨ͹ͳ͘Ͷࢴͺ‫ͫ͘͢ٿ‬Ήͪ͢ɽ͏ΘΞ͵࣯໲΍͢Ήͪ͢ɼʹ͑͢ͱɼ͵ͧͳɽ൶ঃ͗ઈ໎Ν͢ɼࢴͺুܺΝण͜Ήͪ͢ɽಋ࣎Ͷɼඉ৙Ͷ୉͘͵֋‫͍͗ء‬ΕΉͪ͢ɼ೴ಚͤΖ΍͹͍͗ͮͪΚ͜Ͳͤɽௗ‫غ‬ͶΚͪͮͱࠠཛྷ͢ͱ͏ͪཀྵ༟͗෾͖ͮͪ͹ͲͤɽʹͬΔͶͦΓɼඉ৙Ͷ෈҈͵‫ͬ࣍ـ‬Ͷ͵ΕΉͪ͢ɽබ‫ـ‬͹࣎͹Γ͑Ͷɼ ೖؔɼϗρχͶ೘ͮͪΉΉͲɼৱࣆ΍खΔͥɼͥͮͳ‫͏ͱ͏ٿ‬Ήͪ͢ɽͨ͢ͱɼࢴࣙਐ͹ରΏ‫ͪݡ‬໪͗ͽʹ͚ͱɼ‫ݑ‬ѳ‫״‬Ν࣍ͬΉͪ͢ɽࣙ෾Ͷଲ͢ͱࣙ‫͍ͪͮ͗״֐૆ހ‬͹Ͳͤɽඉ৙Ͷࣙ‫ހ‬૗ࣨɼΠ΢υϱτΡτΡʀέϧ΢εηɼଚࡑ͹‫ؽث‬Ν‫ͪͣ״‬͹Ͳͤɽࢴ͗எͮͱ͏Ζ੊͹஦͗‫خ‬ຌదͶรΚͮͱ͢Ήͮͪ͹Ͳͤɽ͏Θ͏Θ͵΍͹͹஡঄๊͗շ͢ͱ͢Ήͮͪɽࢴ͗எͮͱ͏ͪ͞ͳͺસͱ͑ͨͲ͍ͮͪɼࢴ
ࣙਐ͗͑ͨͲ͍Ζͳ‫ͪͣ״‬͹Ͳͤɽ‫خ‬ຌద͵৶བ‫״‬Ν૗ࣨ͢ͱ͢Ήͮͪɼͨ͑͏͑͞ͳͺਕͶ͍ͮͱͺ͵Δ͵͏ɼਕؔͳ͢ͱͺ‫خ‬ຌద͵৶བ‫ͳ͏͵͗״‬ਫ਼ଚ͢କ͜Ζ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘͵͏͹ͲͤɽࢴͶଲ͢ͱɼ਎͗  ೧ؔ͑ͨΝͯ͏ͱͪ͘ɼ͑͞͏͑‫خ‬ຌద͵͞ͳͶͯ͏ͱɼ͑ͨΝͯ͏ͱͪ͘͹Ͳͤɽ΍ͮͳౘΖ΄ͫͮͪ͘͹͖΍͢ΗΉͦΞ͗ɼ฾਎΍ਇࣰΝ‫ޢ‬Ζͳ͘Ͷ‫͏ͱ͏ٿ‬Ήͪ͢ɽ൶ঃ΍ೲΞͲ͏ͪ͹Ͳͤɽ൶ঃ͗͞͹ඁືΝगͮͪ͹ͫͳ͏͑͞ͳͲɼࢴͺ൶ঃͶ‫״‬৚Ң೘Ν͢Ήͪ͢ɽ͞͹ඁືฯ࣍ͺɼͨ͹࣎େ͹ฉҕ‫ـ‬Ώ‫ͪͦ͑ͨ͗͠ڧ؂‬͹ͫͳ͏͑͞ͳͲ೴ಚ͢Ήͪ͢ɽࢴ͹஦Ͷ‫܃‬Εศ͢ ', ͹͞ͳ͗ූ৏͢Ήͪ͢ɽࢴࣙਐ͹ౘΕɼ൷͢ΊΝཊ͓ࠒ΍͑ͳ͢Ήͪ͢ɽຘೖɼָΞͲ͏ͪ͹ͺɼ૗ࣨͳ͖ཬ઀Εͳ͖ࢴ͗‫͏ͱͣ״‬Ζ͞ͳͺɼଠ͹ਕͪͬͶͺ෈౐߻͵ࣆࣰͫͳ͏͑͞ͳͲͪ͢ɽͲ΍͞Ηͺଡ͚͹఑‫ܗڛ‬ҫྏͲਫ਼ΉΗͪਕʓͶͳͮͱ॑୉͵໲ୌ͵͹ͲͤɽຌཔͨΞ͵΀͑Ͳ͍ͮͱͺ͵Δ͵͏͹Ͳͤɽ฾਎ͺଠ͹ਕͶ͏͑͵ͳɼࢴͶ‫͏ݶ‬Ήͪ͢ɽඉ৙Ͷऒ͚͢ࢧ͏Ήͪ͢ɽ ࡂ͹ࢢʹ΍Ͳɼ୉ָͲָΞͲ͏Ήͪ͢ɽ༓ୣͳҲॻͶգͤ͟͞ͳ΍ଡ͚ɼ੊ֆΝ൅‫ͤݡ‬Ζɼͨ͑͏͑೧ࠔ͵͹ͲͤɽҲ๏ɼࣙ‫ހ‬૗ࣨΝ‫ͣ״‬ɼͨ͢ͱɼ୯Ͷ΍͞Ηͺ࿫ͦ͵͏ͳ͏͑͞ͳͲɼඉ৙Ͷ஑ͥ΄͘ඁືΝ࣍ͪ͠ΗͪΓ͑͵‫͗͢ـ‬Ήͪ͢ɽ਼Ω݆‫ͱͮܨ‬ɼ࠹΍਎͢͏༓ୣͶΏͮͳ‫ޢ‬Ζ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘Ήͪ͢ɽௗ೧ɼ͞ΗΝ‫Ͳ͏͵͖ٿ‬࿫ͤͳ͏͑͞ͳͺໃཀྵͲͪ͢ɽࢴͺ͞͹‫ۦ‬ೲΝӇ͢କͪ͜͹ͲͤɽͨΗ͖Δ͹਼Ω݆ɼ਼೧ɼ͏ΘΞ͵͞ͳ͗รΚΕΉͪ͢ɽࢴ͹ਕਫ਼͗รΚΕΉͪ͢ɽ', ͳ͏͑֕೨Ͷ΍͵ͣΊ࢟ΌΉ͢ͱɼࣰ͹෗਎ͺ୯͵͹ͫͳࢧ͑Γ͑Ͷ͵ΕΉͪ͢ɽ೟ࣟͳ͢ͱͺɼ ਕ͹஋੓͗͏ͱɼࢴ͗ಝพ॑གྷ͵‫ܐؖ‬Ν࣍ͮͱ͏Ζ͜Ηʹ΍୯͖ͫ෾͖Δ͵͏ɽ൶Ͷड़ճͮͪͳ͢ͱ
΍ɼ࿑৏Ͳճͮͪͳ͢ͱ΍෾͖Δ͵͏ɽࢴͺ৙Ͷɼ֙஦Ͳɼ஦೧͹ϔϫϱχ͹േͲϔϩʖ͹໪Ν36䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁ᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䠎䠌䠎䠍ᖺ䠔᭶䠎䠕᪥䠄᪥䠅㛤ദฟ⮬䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛜䛺䛬㔜せ䛺䛾䛛 Why Is The Right to Know Important?
ᥦ౪⢭Ꮚ䛷⏕䜎䜜䛯ே䛯䛱䛾⤒㦂䛸ᛮ䛔 The Experiences and Thoughts of Donor-Conceived People

࣍ͮͱ͏ΖਕͪͬΝ໪Ͳ୵ͤΓ͑Ͷ͵Εɼͨ͑͏͑ਕΝ‫ݡ‬Ζͪ;ͶɼࢴͳಋͣΓ͑͵ಝ௅Ν࣍ͮ
ͱ͏Ζ͖ʹ͖͑ɼࢴ͹෗਎͖ʹ͖͑ͳ͏͑͞ͳΝࢧ͑Γ͑Ͷ͵ΕΉͪ͢ɽ݀͢ͱɼֺ͢͏͞ͳͲͺ͍ΕΉͦΞɽ‫ͤͲͳ͞͵ݑ‬ɽͲ΍ɼͨ͑ͦͥͶͺ͏ΔΗΉͦΞͲͪ͢ɽ΢ϱνʖϋρφͲ৚ๅΝ୵͢ͱ͏Ζͳ͘Ͷɼࣙ෾Ͷͺχψʖ͗୯͖ΝஎΖ‫ݘ‬ཤ͗સ͚͵͏ͳ͏͑͞ͳ͗෾͖ΕΉͪ͢ɽࢴ͗ʹ͖͞Δཔͪ͹͖ɼࣙ෾͹ड़ࣙΝஎΖ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘͵͏ͳ͏͑͞ͳͺඉ৙Ͷ‫ͪ͢Ͳͳ͞͏͢ۦ‬ɽਜ਼ٝ͗ࢬ͠Η͵͏ͳ͏͑͞ͳͶ‫ͱؖ͢‬ɼࢴͺ৙ͶౘΕΝְ͓ͪ͹Ͳͤɽࢴ͹͞ΗΉͲΝշ͢ɼ౬ΉΗͪਕਫ਼ॽ͘‫͓׷‬Ζ͞ͳΝໂ‫ͱݡ‬ɼ਼೧͗‫ͬܨ‬ɼࢴͺࣙ෾͗ਫ਼ΉΗͪ෈ೝ঳͹ਏྏॶͶ ( ϟʖϩΝड़͢Ήͪ͢ɽࣰ͹෗਎͗෾͖Δ͵͏͞ͳͲɼࢴͺඉ৙Ͷ‫ۦ‬ೲΝ͢ͱ͏ͱɼঁ͜ͱ͚ͫ͠͏ͳॽ͏ͪ͹ͲͤɽͲ΍ศࣆͺཔΉͦΞͲͪ͢ɽਏྏॶͶు࿫ΝͤΖͳɼ
ৼཀྵָंͳ͹Πϛ΢ϱφΝखͮͱ͚ΗΉͪ͢ɽ‫خ‬ຌదͶͺ໵઴෹͏Ͳͪ͢ɽखΕ߻ͮͱ͚ΗΉͦΞͲͪ͢ɽࢴ͹ϓΟ΢ϩ͗ଚࡑͤΖ͖ʹ͖͑΍‫͚ͱ͓گ‬ΗΉͦΞͲͪ͢ɽ‫Ͳޛ‬ɼಋͣ෈ೝਏྏॶ
͹ҫࢥ͗τϪϑͶड़ͱɼࣙ෾͹ࣰ͹෗਎ΝஎΕͪ͏ͳ໲͏߻Κͦͱͪ͘ਕͺ͏͵͏ͳ͑ͨΝͯ͏ͱ͏ͪ͹Ͳͤɽࢴͺඉ৙Ͷ୉͘͵෈ೝ࣑ྏΝߨ͑ࢊ‫ͳۂ‬કΚ͵͜Ηͻ͵Δ͵͏ͳ͏͑͞ͳΝְࣙ͢Ήͪ͢ɽࢢʹ΍ͪͬ͹ෳཤͶͯ͏ͱߡ͓ͱ͏͵͏ɼ෈ೝ࣑ྏ͹‫ۂ‬ֆͳકΚ͵͜Ηͻ͵Δ͵͏ͳ͏͑͞ͳΝ೟ࣟͪ͢Κ͜Ͳͤɽ͞Ηͺࢴͳ਎Ͳͺ͵͚ͱɼࢴͳऀճͳ͹ક͏Ͷ͵ͮͪ͹Ͳͤɽඉ৙Ͷໃྙ͵‫ـ‬෾Ͳͪ͢ɽ
 ೧ɼࣙ෾ͳಋͣΓ͑Ͷ ', Ͳਫ਼ΉΗͪਕͶॵΌͱճ͏Ήͪ͢ɽࢴͳಋͣΓ͑͵ಕΝิΞͲ͏ΖਕͲɼͨ͹‫ݘ‬ཤΝ‫ٽ‬Όͱક͑ͳ͏͑‫ͬ࣍ـ‬Ν࣍ͮͪਕͲͪ͢ɽॵΌͱ ', Ͳਫ਼ΉΗͪਕͶճͮͱɼࢴͺ  ਕͲͺ͵͏ͳ͏͑͞ͳΝ‫ͱͣ״‬ɼ͖͵Ε͹ϏϭʖΝ΍Δ͏Ήͪ͢ɽͨ͑͏͑ਕͪͬͳ
ΓΕଡ͚ଲ࿫ΝͤΖΓ͑Ͷ͵ΕΉͪ͢ɽΨϓϧ΢ϱͲɼͨ͑ͪ͢ਕͪͬͳճͮͱɼ൶ঃΔ΍સ͚ಋͣ໲ୌͳકͮͱ͏Ζͳ͏͑͞ͳ͗෾͖ͮͪΚ͜Ͳɼͨ͑͏͑ର‫ݩ‬ΝͤΖͳ͏͑͞ͳͺɼࣙ෾͹஑͖ͥ͢͏ͳ͏͑‫ͬ࣍ـ‬ɼ͍Ζ͏ͺɼࡓ͹қࣟΝ৩͏‫ڊ‬Ζ͹Ͷɼඉ৙Ͷ͏͏Ӫ‫ڻ‬Ν༫͓ͱ͚ΗΉͪ͢ɽ൶ঃΔͳճ͑͞ͳͶΓͮͱɼ͞͹໲ୌͺඉ৙Ͷ๴୉͵΍͹Ͳ͍ͮͱɼඉ৙Ͷ੏ౕద͵෈ਜ਼ٝɼ෈౲͵͞ͳ͗ߨΚΗͱ͏Ζͳ͏͑೟ࣟΝࢴͺ߶Όͱ͏͘Ήͪ͢ɽ͑ͨͳɼͨ͢ͱɼࣰ͹Պଔͳճ͑͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘͵͏ͳ͏͑ඉ৙Ͷ୉͘͵૗ࣨΝର‫͏ͱ͢ݩ‬Ζͳ͏͑͞ͳ͗෾͖ͮͪ͹Ͳͤɽ੕࣑Պɼ
ҫࢥɼͨ͢ͱɼ਎ଈͶɼ৯ʓ͵΢ϱνϑϣʖ͵ʹΝ͢Ήͪ͢ɽ͞ΗͺҲൢ͹ࠅ຿͹೟ࣟΝ߶ΌΖͳ͏͑ɼΉͪ੕࣑ద͵਒ఴͶ΍ͯ͵͗ΕΉͪ͢ɽͨ͢ͱɼଡ͚͹ਕͪͬͳࢴͺड़ճ͏Ήͪ͢ɽ੊ֆదͶɼίϱʀξωΦϩθ͠Ξͳ͖ઍഀ͠Ξͳ͖ɼγϛʖφ͢ͱ͚ΗΖਕͳճ͑͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘Ήͪ͢ɽ͞ΗͶͺ୉รɼ‫״‬ः͢ͱ͏Ήͤɽͪͫ͞͞Ͷͺɼʰ͖͢͢ʱͳ͏͑ୢ͢ॽ͍͗͘ΕΉͤɽ਼෾Ͳઈ໎ͤΖ͹ͺೋ͢͏͹Ͳͤ͗ɼ‫׈‬
ಊͤΖ͞ͳʤΠέτΡϑθϞʥͶΓͮͱ‫״‬৚దͶඉ৙Ͷ୉͘͵଩ܺΝण͜Ζ͹Ͳͤɽ͞Ηͺࢴͫ͜Ͳͺ͵͚ɼଡ͚͹ ', Ͳਫ਼ΉΗͪਕͪͬ͗‫͏ͱ༙͢ڠ‬Ζ΍͹Ͳͤɽ਷෾઴ɼࢴ͗າज़͵ͳ͘Ͷͺɼ', ͹ಙ໌੓͹Ձ͗͏͜͵͏͹͖ɼͨ͢ͱɼ', Ͷͯ͏ͱՁ͗͏͜
͵͏͖ͳ͏͑͞ͳΝ‫ޢ‬Ηͻཀྵմ͢ͱ΍Δ͓Ζͳࢧͮͱ͏Ήͪ͢ɽգ‫ڊ‬͹գͬͺ‫܃‬Εศ͠Η͵͏ͳࢧͮͱ͏ͪ͹Ͳͤɼࢢʹ΍Ͷͳͮͱ͏͏͞ͳΝΊΞ͵ཋ͢ͱ͏Ζ͹Ͳͺͳࢧͮͱ͏ͪ͹Ͳͤ͗ɼͨΗͺ୉ؔҩ͏Ͳͪ͢ɽଡ͚͹ਕͪͬͶͳͮͱɼͨΗΝซ͏ͱ‫״‬৚ΝཀྵմͤΖ͹ͺೋ͢͏͞ͳͫ
ͮͪ͹Ͳͤɽͨ͹ ', ͹ࢢʹ΍ͪͬ͹ωʖθΝਇ‫ݍ‬Ͷण͜ࢯΌΖ͹ͺೋ͚͢ɼซ͚ͪ͘΍͵͏ͳ͏37䝸䞊䞁䞉䝞䝇䝏䜰䞁䝉䞁 Leen Bastiaansen䝧䝹䜼䞊䛷 AID 䛷⏕䜎䜜䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸
Being Donor Conceived in Belgium͑য়‫ͪ͢Ͳڱ‬ɽ઴Ͷ΍‫͏ݶ‬Ήͪ͗͢ɼࢴͪͬ͹‫״‬৚ͺଡ͚͹ਕͶͳͮͱͺ෈౐߻͵΍͹Ͳͪ͢ɽࢴͺֺ͢ΊͲ͑͞͏͑͞ͳΝ͢ͱ͏Ζ͹Ͳͺ͵͚ͱɼগཔ͹੊େ͹ͪΌͶรԿΝ΍ͪΔͪ͢͏͖Δ͞ΗΝߨͮͪΚ͜Ͳɼௗ೧ɼ൹൓Ͷଳ͓Ήͪ͢ɽ‫ڍ‬ઊ͠ΗͪΕɼͻ͖Ͷ͠ΗͪΕɼໃࢻ͠ΗͪΕɼৼཀྵ૤ࡠΝ͠ΗͪΕɼѻౙ͠ΗͪΕɼͨ͑͏͑͞ͳͶଳ͓͵͜Ηͻ͵Δ͵͖ͮͪ͹Ͳͤɽ͞Ηͺ਎΍ͨ͑Ͳͤɽ਎͹‫ͬ࣍ـ‬΍෾͖ΕΉͤ͢ɼͨ͹ఏ߇΍෾͖ΕΉͤɽ੕࣑Պɼָंɼ෈ೝ࣑ྏ͹ਏྏॶ͹ਕ
ͪͬɼ͍Ζ͏ͺɼ΢ϱνʖϋρφ͹ଡ͚͹ਕͪͬɼ͑͞͏͑ਕ͖ͪͬΔඉ৙ͶϜ΢ψη͹ൕԢ͍͗ΕΉͪ͢ɽ
͞͹൅නͲͺ͞͹Γ͑͵͞ͳ͗ໃқັͲ͍Ζཀྵ༟Ͷͯ͏ͱͺࡋ͖͚ઈ໎͢ΉͦΞ͗ɼ͑ͪ͢͞
αϟϱφ͗ɼਫ਼ΉΗͪਕͶࡓ͹қࣟΏ஑͹қࣟΝ৪͓෉͜Ζͳ͏͑͞ͳΝְ͓ͱ͕͏ͱ͚ͫ͠͏ɽ͞Ηͺ݊સ͵͞ͳͲͺ͍ΕΉͦΞɽ൷͢ΊΝ਄ΌΖͫ͜ͲͤɽͨΗͲՁً͖͗ͪ͘ͳ͏͑ͳɼ೧Ͷࢴͺ͍ΔΑΖ͞ͳΝΏΌΉͪ͢ɽҫࢥ͗  Ω݆ɼ‫ٵ‬ΊΝखͮͪΆ͑͗͏͏ͳ‫ͪͮݶ‬͹Ͳͤɽࣙ෾ͶՁً͗ͪ͘͹͖ɼ͵ͧɼࢴ͗Ձ΍͚ͪ͢͵͚͵ͮͱ͢Ήͮͪ͹͖ͳ͏͑͞ͳΝཀྵմͤΖ͹Ͷ͖͖࣎ؔ͗ΕΉͪ͢ɽχψʖ͗‫͖ͯݡ‬Ζ ೧ɼτϪϑ͹χΫϣϟϱνϨʖͶࢂՅ͢Ήͪ͢ɽ', Ͳਫ਼ΉΗͪࢢʹ΍ͳ͢ͱΨϧϱξͶ
ߨͮͱɼϓΡΨϞʤ)LRPʥͳ͏͑ૌ৭Ͷߨ͘Ήͪ͢ɽ఑‫ंڛ‬͹ౌ࿧੏ౕΝӣӨ͢ͱ͏Ζͳ͞ΘͲͤɽ൬ૌ༽Ͷࢴ͹݄ӹ͹γϱϕϩΝࡀͮͱ෾ੵΝ͢ͱ '1$ Ν‫ࠬ͢ݗ‬Ήͪ͢ɽΨϧϱξͶͺࢴ͹ਫ਼෼ָద෗ͺ͏͵͏͹Ͳɼ͢ͱ΍Ձ΍͵Δ͵͏͞ͳͺΚ͖ͮͱ͏ͪ͹Ͳͤ͗ɼͳ͞Θ͗ਫ਼෼ָద͵෗਎͗͞͹εϥʖΝ‫ͱݡ‬ɼࢴ͹࿫ͶৼΝಊ͖͠Ηͱɼࣙ෾͹఑‫Ͳڛ‬ਫ਼ΉΗͪࢢʹ΍ͳճ͏ͪ͏ͳ
ࢧͮͪ͹Ͳͤɽͨ͹࣎ɼࢴ͗Ή͠Ͷ൶͹ࢢͲ͍Ζͳ͏͑͞ͳͺ൶΍எΕΉͦΞͲͪ͢ɽ൶ͺϗϩάʖͶϚϧϱτΡΠౌ࿧͗Ͳ͘Ζ͹Νଶͮͱ͏Ήͪ͗͢ɼͨΗ͗͵͖͵͖‫א‬Κͥɼ਼Ω݆‫ޛ‬ɼΨϧϱξͲ '1$ τηφΝण͜ͱɼͨΗͲࢴͪͬ͗਎ࢢͲ͍Ζͳ͏͑͞ͳ͗෾͖ΕΉͪ͢ɽλʖεϡϩϭʖΩʖ͗ͨ͹ωϣʖηΝు࿫Ͳఽ͓ͱ͚Ηͪͳ͘Ͷɼࢴͺ৶ͣΔΗ͵͏Γ͑͵‫ͬ࣍ـ‬Ͷ͵ΕΉͪ͢ɽΉ͠Ͷસͱ͗೴ಚ͏͚Γ͑Ͷࢧ͓ɼঋཤΝफΌͪΓ͑͵ɼඉ৙Ͷ͑Η͢͏‫ͬ࣍ـ‬Ͷ͵ΕΉͪ͢ɽ͏Θ͏Θ͵इຒ͗೘ͮͪͶ΍͖͖ΚΔͥɼ͞Η͗͑Ή͚͏ͮͪͳ͏͑͞ͳͲͤ͸ɽͯΉΕɼ๑ཱͶଲ͢ͱɼ෈ೝ࣑ྏ‫ۂ‬ֆͶଲ͢ͱɼ‫׈‬ಊ͢ͱ͘ͱɼঋͮͪͳࢧͮͪ͹ͲͤɽࢴͶͺ‫ݘ‬ཤ͗͵͏ͳ‫ݶ‬ΚΗɼͨ͢ͱɼࢴ͹͞ͳ͵Ξͱ୯΍‫ـ‬Ͷ͢ͱ͏͵͏ͳ‫͑͏͑ͨͪ͏ͱͮޢ‬ਕͪͬͶଲ͢ͱঋཤΝ͕͠Όͪͳࢧͮͪ͹Ͳͤɽࢴͪͬͺ  ೧͹  ݆  ೖͶॵΌͱճ͏Ήͪ͢ɽͨ͢ͱɼਫ਼෼ָద͵෗਎ͳ  ࣎ؔɼͥͮ
ͳ࿫Ν͢Ήͪ͢ɽ͞͹  ࣎ؔͲɼࢴࣙਐ͹үͱͱ͚Ηͪ෗਎ͳ࿫ͪ͢Ґ৏Ͷ͚ͪ͠Ξ͹࿫Νͪ͢͹Ͳͤɽ੓֪ɼผɼͨ͢ͱɼ‫ا‬͹ಝ௅ɼՃ஍؏ɼϤʖϠΠɼඉ৙Ͷ‫ڠ‬௪͢ͱ͏Ζͳ͞Θ͍͗Εɼϩʖς͗෾͖ͮͪΓ͑͵‫͗͢ـ‬Ήͪ͢ɽࢴͺɼ΍͹͚ͤ͟‫͞ͳͪ͏ͱ͏ף‬ΘͶɼ‫ٺ‬Ͷਭ͗༫͓ΔΗͪΓ͑͵‫ͪ͗ͬ࣍͢ـ‬͹Ͳͤɽࢴࣙਐɼ‫ں‬͹஦͹ࣙ෾Ν‫ͱݡ‬΍ɼ΍͑୯͖ͫ෾͖Δ͵͏ਕͲͺ͵͏ɼࢴͺɼࢴ͹฾਎͹ࢢʹ΍Ͳ͍Εɼͨ͢ͱɼਫ਼෼ָద͵෗਎͹ࢢʹ΍Ͳ͍Ζͳ͏͑͞ͳΝ೴ಚͪ͢͹Ͳͤɽ࿑৏Ͳ͏ΘΞ͵38䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁ᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䠎䠌䠎䠍ᖺ䠔᭶䠎䠕᪥䠄᪥䠅㛤ദฟ⮬䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛜䛺䛬㔜せ䛺䛾䛛 Why Is The Right to Know Important?
ᥦ౪⢭Ꮚ䛷⏕䜎䜜䛯ே䛯䛱䛾⤒㦂䛸ᛮ䛔 The Experiences and Thoughts of Donor-Conceived PeopleਕΝ৆͚͢‫ݡ‬Γ͑ͳͪ͢ΕͤΖ͞ͳ͖Δ΍մ๎͠ΗΉͪ͢ɽਫ਼෼ָద͵෗਎ͳճ͑͞ͳͲɼࢴͺ೟ΌΔΗͪΞͫͳ͏͑‫ͬ࣍ـ‬Ͷ͵ΕΉͪ͢ɽͨ͢ͱɼ൶΍ͨΗΝཀྵմ͢ͱ͚ΗΉͪ͢ɽ͞Η͗ࢴ͹ηφʖϨʖ͹ύρϒʖΦϱχ͖ͳࢧΚΗΖ͖΍͢ΗΉͦΞ͗ɼͲ΍ͨ͑Ͳͺ͍ΕΉͦΞɽ͚ͪ͠Ξ͹౶͓ͺड़ͱ͘Ήͪ͢ɽͲ΍ɼ৿ͪ͵࣯໲΍ड़ͱͪ͘͹Ͳͤɽඉ৙Ͷ਎઀͵ਫ਼෼ָదͶͯ͵͗Ε͹͍Ζ͞͹஋੓ͺɼࣙ෾Ν‫͑ͱͯ͜ݡ‬Η͢͏ͳ‫͚ͱͮݶ‬ΗΉͪ͢ɽͲ΍࠹ॵ͹‫ج‬;͗മΔ͏Ͳ͚Ζͳɼ͏Θ͏Θ͵‫͗ͬ࣍ـ‬Ήͪූ৏͢ͱ͘Ήͪ͢ɽ', ͹͏Θ͏Θ͵ೲΊ͗ड़ͱͪ͘͹Ͳͤɽ͞͹ਕͺҲର୯͵͹͖ͳɼ͞ΗͺࢴͶͳͮͱʹ͑͏͑͞ͳΝқັ͢ͱɼ͞͹ਕͳ͞Η
͖Δʹ͑͏͑‫ܐؖ‬Ν஛͚͹͖ͳɽͨ͢ͱΉͪɼ৿͢͏૗ࣨ‫͗״‬ਫ਼ΉΗͪ͹Ͳͤɽ ࡂͲ͞͹ਫ਼෼ָద෗਎ͳճͮͪΚ͜Ͳͤ͜Ηʹɼಋ࣎Ͷ͞͹ਕͺࢴͶͳͮͱસ͚͍͖͹ଠਕ͹Γ͑͵͹Ͳͤɽ൶ͺɼࢴΝ‫ݡ‬Ζͳ͘ͶͺѬͤΖ໊Ν‫ݡ‬ΖΓ͑͵Ή͵͢͡Ͳ‫͚ͱݡ‬ΗΖΚ͜Ͳͤ͜Ηʹ΍ɼࢴ͗ʹ͑΍ͨΗͶ೴ಚ͗͏͖͵͏ɽྭ͓Ζͳɼʹ͑΍ɼබӅ͹෇͹஦ͶࢴΝ஖͘‫ڊ‬ΕͶͪ͢෗਎ͳճͮ
ͪΓ͑͵‫ͪ͢Ͳͬ࣍ـ‬ɽ‫״‬ः͢ͱ͏͵͏ࣙ෾Ͷଲ͢ͱ͞Ηͺྒྷ͚͵͏ͳ͏͑‫ͬ࣍ـ‬΍ਫ਼ΉΗͪ͹Ͳͤɽඉ৙Ͷ ', Ͳਫ਼ΉΗͪंͳ͢ͱ͑Η͢͏ର‫ݩ‬Νͪ͢‫ޛ‬ɼ൷͢͏‫ͬ࣍ـ‬Ͷ΍ऽΚΗΉͪ͢ɽΉͳΌͳ͢ͱͲͺɼΉͳΌΉ͢Β͑ɽ෗਎Ν൅‫͖ͱ͢ݡ‬Δଠ͹͞ͳͶ໪ΝҢͨ͑ͳࢧ͏Ήͪ͢ɽ৙Ͷ ', ͹͞ͳͻ͖Εߡ͓ͱ͏ͪ͹Ͳɼঙ͢‫ـ‬෾఺‫׷‬Ν͢ͱଠ͹͞ͳΝߡ͓ͪ͏ͳࢧͮͪ͹ͲͤɽͲ΍࢔೨͵͗Δɼࠕ೧Ήͪ݊߃৏͹‫ؽث‬Ͷ௜໚͢Ή͢ͱɼର஦ɼൾ࿓‫͚ʹͽ͗״‬ɼϨΤϜοɼ‫ؖ‬ઇԎ͵ʹͶ͵ͮͱ͢ΉͮͱɼΉͪඉ৙Ͷ୉͘͵൷͢ΊΝ‫͢ͱͣ״‬Ήͮͪ͹Ͳͤɽ', Ͳ͍Ζͳ͏͑͞ͳͶͯ͏ͱɼࠕΉͲͨΗͶଲԢ͢ͱɼౘΕΝཊ͓ࠒΊɼࣙ෾͹੢΍‫ݗ‬Ԁ͢ɼࢴ͹‫ͬ࣍ـ‬΍գঘ඲ՃΝ͢ɼࢴ͹൷͢Ίɼࢴ͹ౘΕΝՁͳ͖எదͶཀྵմ͢Γ͑ͳ͢Ήͪ͢ɽ͞Ηͺ৙Ͷ஑͖ͥ͢͏ͳ͏͑‫࣍ـ‬ͬɼͨ͢ͱɼ‫ޛ‬ΘΌͪ͏‫ͬ࣍ـ‬ɼͨ͢ͱɼࣙΔΝगΘ͑ͳ͏͑‫͖͍ͪͮ͗ͬ࣍ـ‬ΔͲͤɽ͞͹ϓΧʖϧϞͲ࿫͠͵͏͖ͳ‫͏͚ͫ͠ͱͮݶ‬Ή͢ͱɼ઴Ͷޮ͹৖Ͳ͞͹τʖϜ͹࿫Ν͢ͱ͖
Δ਼೧ͪͮͱ͏ΖΚ͜Ͳͤ͜Ηʹ΍ɼࠕೖͺɼࢴ͹੢Ͷ‫ݗ‬ԀΝ͖͜Ζ͞ͳ͵͚ɼਜ਼௜Ͷ‫ޢ‬Θ͑ͳࢧ͏Ήͪ͢ɽࣙ෾͹ͪΌ͹࣑༌ɼͨ͢ͱɼଠ͹ ', ͹ਕͪͬͲ൅‫͏Ͳ͏͵͘Ͳݶ‬ΖਕͪͬͶรΚͮͱ࿫ͨ͑ͳࢧͮͪ͹ͲͤɽͨΗͲ΍ࢴͺࣙ‫ݗހ‬ԀΝ͢ͱ͢Ήͮͪͳࢧ͑͹Ͳͤ͜Ηʹ΍ɼ͟ੜ௎ɼ
͍Ε͗ͳ͑͟͡͏Ήͪ͢ɽ39䝸䞊䞁䞉䝞䝇䝏䜰䞁䝉䞁 Leen Bastiaansen䝧䝹䜼䞊䛷 AID 䛷⏕䜎䜜䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸
Being Donor Conceived in Belgium

3UHVHQWDWLRQGood morning, everyone. It's morning here in Belgium. Thank you for inviting me today.
I live in Belgium, so I will talk a little about the Belgian situation, but also, we'll go into my personal
experiences as being a donor-conceived person. I often compare donor conception to an iceberg,
because it might seem simple on the surface, but underneath it is a giant hidden rock ofcomplexities which a lot of people don't know about, so I would like to talk a little more about thesecomplexities.
I'll first introduce myself. I was born in 1984, means 37 years old today. As the middle child of three,
I work as a clinical psychologist myself. I live in Belgium in Hoboken, which is the city where thefamous story of The Dog of Flanders is set. I've been told it's a famous story in Japan. I live together
with my boyfriend and our dog, and I'm conceived through anonymous sperm donation.
I will first introduce you in short to the Belgian history and the legal context of donor conception
before I go on to talk about my personal experiences. It is estimated that in Belgium, the first
medically assisted sperm donations occurred in the late forties, early fifties. The first sperm bankoffering frozen sperm was established in 1970. In the beginning, donor conception was only used
for heterosexual couples wanting to have a child, but since the early 80s also lesbian couples andsingle women could have treatments with donor sperm.
It is estimated that today about 80% of the people getting donor conception treatments are lesbian
couples and single women, so it's the large majority. By the late eighties, also egg donations werecarried out. During the 1990s, import of Danish sperm increased a lot and it is estimated that today
even two-thirds of the donor sperm used in Belgium is of Danish origin.
Until 2007, there was no legal framework regulating donor conception in Belgium. Clinics defined
their own rules. In actual practice, donor anonymity prevailed, so clinics kept the identity of thedonor secret and they also advised the parents to keep the method of conception secret to theirenvironment and the children. This has changed a little bit since the eighties and nineties, mostly
under the influence of lesbians and single women being treated more and more, because it's moredifficult for them to hide that a donor has been used.
The method of conception as such became more visible in our society, and that helped somewhat
to lift the taboo and secrecy, but it is probable that most of the heterosexual couples are still
preferring secrecy. Today it still often occurs that children are not told they are donor-conceived.
In 2007, the law on assisted reproduction was issued and this law is still enforced today. The law
prescribes donor anonymity as the first choice procedure, known donation is allowed in the sense40䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁ᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䠎䠌䠎䠍ᖺ䠔᭶䠎䠕᪥䠄᪥䠅㛤ദฟ⮬䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛜䛺䛬㔜せ䛺䛾䛛 Why Is The Right to Know Important?
ᥦ౪⢭Ꮚ䛷⏕䜎䜜䛯ே䛯䛱䛾⤒㦂䛸ᛮ䛔 The Experiences and Thoughts of Donor-Conceived People

that recipient parents can bring their own donor, a personal acquaintance. This option was actually
only included to compensate somewhat for the difficulty in finding voluntary anonymous egg donors.
It is actually rarely used for sperm donation. It's also advised against by the clinics. Identity release
donation, as it is common in for example Australia or New Zealand or the UK or the Netherlands is
prohibited in Belgium.
Although one donor can supply to six families at maximum, there is no central register that keeps
track of the total number of donations across hospitals. Limits might be exceeded and it happens.
Eugenics is prohibited, but physical matching to the recipient parents is allowed. Commercialization
is prohibited, but flat trade compensations for expenses are allowed which means that especiallyfor sperm donors, when they don't have a lot of expenses to cover, they actually can make a goodamount of money by donating, so this is commercial.
Offering counseling prior to and during treatment is mandatory by law. But disclosure is not to be
explicitly advised. Today clinics advise parents to be open to their children, but there is a lot of
freedom and autonomy given to the parents so they can decide for themselves.
In Belgium, the activism by adult donor offspring kind of started in 2012 only, so not long time ago,
only 10 years. Our focus has been on political lobby, banning donor anonymity, also raising publicawareness about the rights and the needs of a donor offspring and establishing a donor offspringcommunity.
In 2015, parliamentary hearings were held where donor offspring were invited and heard our
opinions. Also different recipient parents were invited to speak, as well as academicians, like
ethicists and fertility doctors. This led to the submission of some new law proposals in the following
months, ranging from completely banning donor anonymity to establishing a double track system
where parents can choose between identifiable and anonymous donors, which I'm of course,
opposed to. But until today, no consensus has been reached. We're now six years later and donoranonymity is still the prevailing norm.
At the end of 2015, the first Belgian donor conceived person was able to find her biological father
through a donor registry in Netherlands. This person was me by the way; I will talk about it later.
From 2017 on, more and more donor conceived people are using commercial DNA databases tosearch for their biological relatives combining commercial DNA testing with genealogical research,
I think such as Damian did. It is becoming more and more popular and also leads to a lot of
successes in the past years.
Actually, this is the de facto end of donor anonymity. In 2021, so this year, the Flemish governmentorganized or established a so-called ancestry center, following parliamentary hearings as well togive attention to the victims of forced adoptions that happened in the past. They have decided to41䝸䞊䞁䞉䝞䝇䝏䜰䞁䝉䞁 Leen Bastiaansen䝧䝹䜼䞊䛷 AID 䛷⏕䜎䜜䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸
Being Donor Conceived in Belgium

establish this ancestry center as a means to repair broken family ties. Because of the similarities
with the questions of donor offspring, they also welcome donor offspring and donors to register andhave their DNA tested in this center, but the center just opened this year so I'm not sure how many
people are already registered.
But this means, we now actually live in this typically Belgian situation, this absurdity which is a
result of our very complex political situation where the federal law on the one hand still deprives
children of their rights to know their genetic roots, but at the same time, these children can apply
for DNA tests under Flemish law in the hope to find their lost genetic relatives. I expect this situation
not to last very long anymore and that donor anonymity will be legally prohibited by federal law as
well soon. These are some references to back up my story, the facts and data of the Belgian context.
I will now move on to speak about my personal story. I was conceived in the fall of 1983 throughanonymous sperm donation because of fertility issues on the part of my dad. My parents were told
to keep it a secret for me as well as for my siblings and for their environment, so they complied.
During my childhood, I actually felt quite disconnected from the rest of my family, especially mypaternal family. I felt like an outsider.
Maybe I should mention my parents divorced when I was eight and my dad moved out of our home.
We visited him every Sunday, but we grew more and more distant. And when I was a teenager, I
was really struggling with this distance. I felt estranged from my dad. I was often wondering how
on earth it was possible that I descend from this man. There was no recognition, no connection, no
involvement from his side, but I felt very ashamed and very guilty about this distance I experienced.
I figured I must be a bad daughter for having these feelings and thoughts about my own dad.
When I was 21, I just had another nightmare about my dad and I was venting my feelings about it
to my mom over breakfast, which wasn't the first time, by the way. And suddenly she became
nervous and she said, well, I need to tell you something that I should have told you a long time
before. Your dad is not your biological father. And I remember bursting into tears asking questions,what, how, and she explained.
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Finally my confusing feelings that I had for a long time made sense, but anyway, that moment was
extremely disturbing. I stayed in bed for two days. I couldn't eat. I was crying the whole time. I felt
sick. I felt revulsion towards my own body. My own skin, my appearance; looking in the mirror wasawful. I felt estranged from my own reflection. I went through this massive identity crisis and also
existential crisis, you could say. Because the world as I knew it had fundamentally changed, theorder of things had collapsed. Everything I thought I knew could just as well be a lie. I was a lie. I
lost this very basic form of trust that no one should ever be losing. As a human being, you need this42䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁ᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䠎䠌䠎䠍ᖺ䠔᭶䠎䠕᪥䠄᪥䠅㛤ദฟ⮬䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛜䛺䛬㔜せ䛺䛾䛛 Why Is The Right to Know Important?
ᥦ౪⢭Ꮚ䛷⏕䜎䜜䛯ே䛯䛱䛾⤒㦂䛸ᛮ䛔 The Experiences and Thoughts of Donor-Conceived People

form of basic trust to survive in this world.
When I look back at how I was lied to for 21 years, by my own parents about such a fundamental
thing, it's a bit weird that I wasn't angrier with them. I guess, seeing my mother cry while she wastelling me the truth, hearing about her own struggle with the secrecy made me empathize with her.
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with good intentions. And this became a massive recurrent theme in my experience of being donor
conceived: if I don't want to upset my parents, or donor conception parents in general, I need to hideor downplay my own anger and my own grief. From that day on, day after day after day, I have beenlearning that my feelings of loss and betrayal are an inconvenient truth for others. Please rememberthat this is a crucial issue for many donor-conceived people. It really shouldn't be that way.
Back then, my mom had asked not to talk about it with other people. It made me feel very lonely. I
was a 20-year-old girl studying at university, hanging out with my friends, discovering the world.
And at the same time, I was losing myself and I was not allowed to speak about it with anyone. I
felt like I was carrying a shameful secret - I was the shameful secret. It took me several months
before I gave myself permission to talk about it with my closest friends. For years, this was
impossible without bursting into tears. I kind of kept hiding my struggle most of the time.
In the months and the years that followed, a lot changed. My life had changed as I was slightly
getting used to the notion of being donor conceived, I started to wonder what kind of person mybiological father would be, who was this man that delivered half of my genetic makeup. My
awareness grew that there was one specific man out there, which I had a unique and significant
relation with, but I had no idea who he was.
I could run into him just like that on the street without realizing it. I became this person that was
extremely perceptive of middle-aged men with blonde hair and blue eyes on the streets, in the
supermarket, on the train. Everywhere I went, I started scanning every man for recognizable featuresand decided whether or not they could be my father. I can assure you, it's not a fun thing to do. It's
disturbing, but I couldn't prevent it from happening.
When I was searching for information on the Internet, I learned that I had no rights whatsoever inthis story. It seemed, I just had to accept that I would never know where I came from. That was
really hard for me to take in. I've always been quite sensitive to matters of injustice. After a few
years of fantasizing about breaking and entering and stealing my file, I decided to write a polite andsincere email to the head of the fertility clinic, where I was made.
I explained that I struggled a lot. I struggled a lot not knowing anything about my biological father
and I asked for help. He never replied. When I called the clinic t the office, the desk, they gave me
an appointment with a psychologist who basically just dismissed me. She didn't even want to tell43䝸䞊䞁䞉䝞䝇䝏䜰䞁䝉䞁 Leen Bastiaansen䝧䝹䜼䞊䛷 AID 䛷⏕䜎䜜䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸
Being Donor Conceived in Belgium

whether my files even existed or not. Later, I would see the same fertility doctor declaring on
national television that they never had donor conceived people come forward asking questions. I'm
100% sure, I wasn't the only one.
As I learned more about the history and the current practice of donor conception, it became more
and more clear that I was fighting against the powerful fertility industry that took no responsibility
at all for the wellbeing of the products, the human beings, that they are still conceiving every day.
Being donor conceived wasn't just an issue anymore between me and my parents. From then on, it
became a thing between me and society. But I felt very powerless and very alone.
In 2011, I met my first fellow donor-conceived person. She kind of traveled the same journey as me
and she was also very eager to take action and fight for her rights. It felt so good to finally talk tosomeone who deeply understood my struggle. It gave me strength. I was not alone anymore.
Together we connected with several other donor conceived people. And throughout the years, I
might have met dozens of them all over the world online and offline. Meeting fellow donor conceived
people, struggling with the exact same issues as I did, has been vital for me. It really is the best
antidote for the overwhelming guilt and shame that comes with being donor conceived.
On the other side, meeting all these people also deepened my understanding of how huge theproblem is. It amplified my frustration about a massive systematic injustice. It's heartbreaking toknow that everyday children all over the world are still born into lies, deception and irreparable lossof their biological family.
In 2012, I entered a new stage in my life where I would be a donor offspring rights activist. I did a
lot of interviews, talked to politicians, spoke to a lot of recipient parents or intending parents. I'mreally happy I did all this because it truly helped a little bit in raising public awareness, setting
something in motion on the political level. I also met wonderful people along my journey, people allover the world who are supportive, like for example, Ken Daniels and Yukari, which I'm very gratefulfor. But there's a very, very big however here. It's hard to explain in just a few minutes how extreme
the emotional toll is of this activism.
Again, this not only pertains to me, I share this experience with many donor-conceived people
around the world who stick their necks out. A long time ago when I was VWLOOYHU\QDÑYH,WKRXJKWthat if I just explained what's wrong with donor anonymity and certain aspects of donor conception,
people will understand and will of course not repeat the mistakes of the past because they want
the best for their children, I figured. Well, was I wrong! Apparently, it's very hard for many people tojust listen and empathize with donor conceived people and to take their need seriously. Many people
react defensively. They just don't want to hear it.
As I told you before, our feelings are an inconvenient truth for many. While I was sticking my neck44䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁ᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䠎䠌䠎䠍ᖺ䠔᭶䠎䠕᪥䠄᪥䠅㛤ദฟ⮬䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛜䛺䛬㔜せ䛺䛾䛛 Why Is The Right to Know Important?
ᥦ౪⢭Ꮚ䛷⏕䜎䜜䛯ே䛯䛱䛾⤒㦂䛸ᛮ䛔 The Experiences and Thoughts of Donor-Conceived People

out, not for my own pleasure, but in an attempt to make a change for future generations, I haveendured years of constant criticism, denialism, being ridiculed, dismissed, patronized, intimidated,
gaslighted, overpowered by recipient parents - and of course, I can empathize with their feelings aswell, and their resistance - but also by politicians, by academics, by fertility doctors and random
people on the Internet - especially the latter can get really nasty.
I'm not going to go into detail about all the nonsense on this slide and why they are nonsense, butjust remember that all these comments, they induce shame and guilt, and they constantly make us
question the validity of our own grief. That's not healthy. It shouldn't be this way. What happens isthat I actually crashed in 2015. I crashed at work. I completely shut down. My doctor sent me onsick leave for three months. Before I was even able to process what had happened, why I had
crashed, I was surprised by a phone call.
In 2012, when I was participating in a TV documentary as a donor-conceived person, we visited theNetherlands, the organization, FIOM that runs the donor registry for Dutch donor conceived people.
We decided to let them take my blood sample and have my DNA analyzed just to be able to film thewhole process. Because of course it didn't really make sense to go searching for my biological father
in the Netherlands, in another country.
Anyway, my biological father happened to have watched the show and felt very moved by my story.
He decided he wanted to be findable for his donor offspring, not realizing he had been listening tohis own biological daughter. He waited for a Belgian donor registry to be established, but as thiswasn't happening, he finally decided to go to the Netherlands and have himself registered there. A
few months later, a DNA test confirmed our relatedness.
When the social worker told me the news on the phone, I was completely over the moon. I had thismost spiritual experience of my whole life that day. It felt like I was suddenly the middle of theuniverse and everything made sense. I also felt so powerful and victorious because I realized that I
had achieved this myself in spite of all the obstructions. By telling my story on TV, my message hadreached him. It felt like I had won the battle against a law, against a fertility lobby and everyone
who had been telling me for 10 years that I had no right to know him and that he didn't care aboutme. I proved them wrong.
We met for the first time on the 30th of November, 2015. We spoke for six hours straight. In thisone meeting, I exchanged more words with him than I ever did with my own dad during my whole
life. It's not exaggerated. I recognized myself in facial traits, in his character, his habits, interests,
values, humor. It felt so good, as if my roots had finally found fertile earth and were sucking up all
the water. He brought pictures of himself at various ages, pictures of himself, of his relatives.
I could finally see the whole picture, my whole picture. When I look at myself now in the mirror, I45䝸䞊䞁䞉䝞䝇䝏䜰䞁䝉䞁 Leen Bastiaansen䝧䝹䜼䞊䛷 AID 䛷⏕䜎䜜䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸
Being Donor Conceived in Belgium

don't see a stranger anymore. It totally makes sense that I am the child of my mom and of mybiological father. I was finally liberated from scanning random men in the streets. It was very
restorative for me to meet my biological father. I felt really validated. He understood that I needed
to find him. And that was the most important thing: I mattered to him.
Now you might think that this is the happy end to my story, while actually, it's not. I had found somany answers, which I'm still very grateful for, but new questions emerged. Now there was thisman, this very, very kind person who was so happy that he found me. And of course, I shared that
sentiment, but when my initial euphoria faded, I also felt so many other things.
It's like, I also entered this new -- this next mindfuck, of being donor conceived. Who was this man?
What does he mean for me? What kind of relationship should I have with him? I was confronted
with new layers of loss, actually. I was 31 and I just met the man who is actually my original father.
But at the same time, this man is a complete stranger to me. He was looking at me with the gaze ofa loving father watching his daughter and it just, it didn't feel right for me. It felt really uncomfortable.
It was like I just couldn't pick up where he left me 32 years ago in a jar in the hospital.
But again, I felt really guilty for being ungrateful again. It was really hard for me to realize that sosoon after this euphorious and victorious experience as a donor conceived person, I was back in theposition of the child trying to comfort the parent.
After I found him, I needed to concentrate on different things. I was so tired of being absorbed all
the time by the whole donor situation. But unfortunately, this year I experienced another healthcrisis. I was exhausted again. I had pain all over my body. I needed to quit work again. I have been
diagnosed now with rheumatoid arthritis. But while I was recovering, staying at home, I was again
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suppressed a lot of anger, that I've been censoring my voice, downplaying my feelings,
intellectualizing my grief, my anger always because of guilt, shame, feeling responsible for otherpeople's comfort and also to protect myself, I guess.

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46䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁ᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䠎䠌䠎䠍ᖺ䠔᭶䠎䠕᪥䠄᪥䠅㛤ദฟ⮬䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛜䛺䛬㔜せ䛺䛾䛛 Why Is The Right to Know Important?
ᥦ౪⢭Ꮚ䛷⏕䜎䜜䛯ே䛯䛱䛾⤒㦂䛸ᛮ䛔 The Experiences and Thoughts of Donor-Conceived People

3UHVHQWDWLRQ6OLGHV

47

䝸䞊䞁䞉䝞䝇䝏䜰䞁䝉䞁 Leen Bastiaansen䝧䝹䜼䞊䛷 AID 䛷⏕䜎䜜䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸
Being Donor Conceived in Belgium

48䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁ᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䠎䠌䠎䠍ᖺ䠔᭶䠎䠕᪥䠄᪥䠅㛤ദฟ⮬䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛜䛺䛬㔜せ䛺䛾䛛 Why Is The Right to Know Important?
ᥦ౪⢭Ꮚ䛷⏕䜎䜜䛯ே䛯䛱䛾⤒㦂䛸ᛮ䛔 The Experiences and Thoughts of Donor-Conceived People49䝸䞊䞁䞉䝞䝇䝏䜰䞁䝉䞁 Leen Bastiaansen䝧䝹䜼䞊䛷 AID 䛷⏕䜎䜜䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸
Being Donor Conceived in Belgium50䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁ᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䠎䠌䠎䠍ᖺ䠔᭶䠎䠕᪥䠄᪥䠅㛤ദฟ⮬䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛜䛺䛬㔜せ䛺䛾䛛 Why Is The Right to Know Important?
ᥦ౪⢭Ꮚ䛷⏕䜎䜜䛯ே䛯䛱䛾⤒㦂䛸ᛮ䛔 The Experiences and Thoughts of Donor-Conceived People51䝸䞊䞁䞉䝞䝇䝏䜰䞁䝉䞁 Leen Bastiaansen䝧䝹䜼䞊䛷 AID 䛷⏕䜎䜜䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸
Being Donor Conceived in Belgium52䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁ᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䠎䠌䠎䠍ᖺ䠔᭶䠎䠕᪥䠄᪥䠅㛤ദฟ⮬䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛜䛺䛬㔜せ䛺䛾䛛 Why Is The Right to Know Important?
ᥦ౪⢭Ꮚ䛷⏕䜎䜜䛯ே䛯䛱䛾⤒㦂䛸ᛮ䛔 The Experiences and Thoughts of Donor-Conceived People53䝸䞊䞁䞉䝞䝇䝏䜰䞁䝉䞁 Leen Bastiaansen䝧䝹䜼䞊䛷 AID 䛷⏕䜎䜜䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸
Being Donor Conceived in Belgium54䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁ᅜ㝿䝣䜷䞊䝷䝮䠎䠌䠎䠍ᖺ䠔᭶䠎䠕᪥䠄᪥䠅㛤ദฟ⮬䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛜䛺䛬㔜せ䛺䛾䛛 Why Is The Right to Know Important?
ᥦ౪⢭Ꮚ䛷⏕䜎䜜䛯ே䛯䛱䛾⤒㦂䛸ᛮ䛔 The Experiences and Thoughts of Donor-Conceived People55