Co-chairs: P.R.Shukla, Ogunlade Davidson, Taka Hiraishi
Rapporteurs: Sunil Malla, Tomoki Ehara113th February:• Mikiko Kainuma: LCS, overall and required actions• Ram Shrestha: Thailand, esp. transport• Andre Pereira: Biofuel, Brazil• Masato Kawanishi, JICA. Co-benefits.
14th February:• Ryokichi Hirono: Developments in international discussions on SD.)• Rizaｌdi Boer: Forests• Haroldo Filho: Bali agreements• Kensuke Fukushi: SD considerations• Stanford Mwakasonda: SD PAMs
• Tomohiro Sudo: ODA for SD and LCS• Yoshiaki Yamakawa: Shiga Prefecture’s SD Scenario• Ogunlade Davidson: SD overview.

2• “Developing countries” include a vast range of countries,
with differences in, for instance, population, naturalresource endowment, stage of economic development,
as well as political or geological conditions. Therefore, It
is not proper to elaborate LCS questions monotonally on“developing countries”.
• LCS actions and SD actions are required in bothdeveloped and developing countries, in line with theirneeds, priorities and within the available resources.
• The Group elaborated the LCS issues with a broad timeframework of “LCS by 2050”, while the Group was fully
cognizant of the urgency of climate actions, in particular,viz. extremely vulnerable countries. The Group also
considered that actions towards “by 2050” would containmany early actions even in the near future term”.
3• SD is meant to achieve sound development, addressing
many important issues such as; poverty, equity, health,technology, etc., which would not prevent development offuture generations.
• SD concept has been with us for a couple of decades (cf.
Brundtland Report (1987)), but there are numerous“definitions”, reflecting the underlying background andthe purpose of use. While essentially all the countries arecommitted to its implementation, many countries arefaced with a variety of difficulties.
• LCS concept was elaborated by the LCS WS at its 1stand 2nd sessions.

45• The Group believes that between LCSand SD, there are many commonalities
and, possibly, many mutually supportivecomponents.
• Detailed analysis of this aspect might be
not only academically interesting, but it
might accrue to valuable hints for futureinternational actions on LCS/SD and onleap-frogging of developing countries,
though It would take significant time andresources.
6• Rather, the Group considered, as a matter ofpriority, elaboration and wide dissemination ofvisions on LCS to the world community isimperative, so that governments and relevant
stakeholders can take well-informed and timely
actions towards LCS. The “Visions” should bea detailed information/guidance package, andshould be elaborated taking SD needs andsynergies into account.
• The Group recommends that this should beconsidered in the future Japan-UK LCS scheme.
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The “Visions on LCS” should address issues
such as: Principles, Issues for Consideration,
Means or Options. More specifically, theVisions should;– clarify that LCS and SD should be synergistic.
– be clear that appropriate pathways to (certain typesof ) LCS, would not hamper economic growth.
– be clear on societal benefits, expected from LCS.
– propose a set of principles on Government’sintervention.
– allow dynamic and proactive changes in the course ofprocess towards LCS.
8The Visions should also;– offer options (of individual policies), tools, andmeans (including international actions), possible
phased approaches and steps, as well as proposed
timeline of actions.
– address requirements (especially, funds, technologies
and human resources), and possible actions or means
to obtain them.
– contain considerations on implications on, and, byother policies, including fiscal policies (e.g.,subsidies).
9For the purpose of facilitation, the Visions
should also;– share good examples, or show cases.
– contain discussions on cautions: eventual
problems in policy implementation (use ofLCA?).
– consideration of issues on LCA andimmediate (developmental) needs, inparticular of developing countries.
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