Pharma & Medizintechnik-Consulting
Dr. med. Wolfgang StengelSpecialist in Pharmacology and Toxicology
Dreibergstr. 76
D-91056 Erlangen

EXPERT REPORT
evaluating the action mechanisms of

WESSO® AIR Med
to safeguard air-hygienic surroundings
in conjunction with the deactivation of all germs involved and elimination ofpathogenic and antibiotic-resistant microorganisms

prepared by

Dr. med. Wolfgang StengelSpecialist in Pharmacology and Toxicology

in May 2006
by order of WESSO AG

Drawn up on 20-05-2006
The expert opinion includes

15 pages--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Expert Opinion on Action Mechanisms, by WESSO® AIR Med, dated 20-05-2006 - Page 1 of 15---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pharma & Medizintechnik Consulting, Dr. med. Wolfgang Stengel, Dreibergstr. 76, D-91056 Erlangen

Preamble

The productWESSO® AIR Med,

specifically developed on the basis of the starting formulation of the productWESSOCLEAN® Lufthygiene – AIR Typ 2
of WESSOCLEAN® Wasserhygiene GmbH

to meet the hygiene requirements in critical clinicalsituations of treatment,

has been evaluated from the aspect of its mechanisms of action by Dr. med.
Wolfgang Stengel for the Department of Research and Development in the field of Air
Hygiene (FE LH) of WESSO AG under the direction of Dr. h. c. Heimo Jörg
Wessollek in May 2006, taking the studies and expert opinions in hand as a basis.

This expert report is a summary of the relevant studies on the product included in thelist of references, of experience gained in its clinical use and the discussions on thismatter based on the current medical knowledge. The expert report deals with thefollowing points:
 Ultrasonic cold nebulizing to apply the active substance Bacteriological examinations
 Risk-versus-benefit assessment in medical applications--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Expert Opinion on Action Mechanisms, by WESSO® AIR Med, dated 20-05-2006 - Page 2 of 15---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pharma & Medizintechnik Consulting, Dr. med. Wolfgang Stengel, Dreibergstr. 76, D-91056 Erlangen Experience gained in its clinical-medical application, in particular in
intensive care units
 Action of components on cellular level

The Action Mechanisms of WESSO® AIR Med
1. Background: Procedure to improve the air-hygienic surroundings (conditioning) in
the industrial sector
Nebulizing the product as an aerosol with a drop size of less than 5 µm of diameter using
appropriate ultrasonic cold nebulizers represents a TÜV-certified procedure to improve the
air and surroundings hygiene in particular in the area of industrial production by supporting
well-introduced hygiene measures (TÜV study on the use of the product WESSOGREEN®
AIR Type 2, 2004; Certificate, 2005). The use in connection with food manufacturing andprocessing aims at reducing and eliminating air germs (bacteria and their spores, mould
fungi spores and yeasts) that may contaminate foods and, by germinating, diminish their
quality (freshness) and cause their early microbial spoilage, including the formation of toxins
harmful to health (e.g. aflatoxins formed by mould fungi, Staphylococcus toxins, botulin). By
ultrasonic cold nebulizing a suspensible mist of very fine aerosol particles is produced thatcan wet suspended dust particles of bacteria and fungal spores, exposing them to the active
substances contained in the aerosol drops. These are able to kill vegetative forms of bacteria
and to prevent the forms of spores of bacteria and fungi from germinating, before they cancontaminate unpacked or still unprocessed foods. Depending on the microbiological air
pollution, 0.04 to 0.1 ml/m3 of WESSOGREEN® AIR Type 2 are applied. According to theamount of active substances used in the production, this corresponds, by calculation, to0.35 mg of active substances per m3 of air. From samplings performed with the aid of the air
germ collector HYCON RCS Plus of Biotest over a period of one year before and after theproper application, a germ-reducing effect on the air-carried germs in the order of magnitudeof approximately 10-2 could be derived (TÜV study on the use of the productWESSOGREEN® AIR Type 2, 2004). These results have been confirmed by a great numberof air germ measurements accompanying the application in the food industry. In milkprocessing companies an extension of the minimum shelf life from 35 to 45 days has beenachieved in yoghurt filling, without any detectable residues of the active substances of
WESSOGREEN® AIR Type 2 remaining on the product (Analysis and Assessment--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Expert Opinion on Action Mechanisms, by WESSO® AIR Med, dated 20-05-2006 - Page 3 of 15---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pharma & Medizintechnik Consulting, Dr. med. Wolfgang Stengel, Dreibergstr. 76, D-91056 Erlangenconsidering the Law relating to Food and Drugs, Technologisches Beratungs- und
Entwicklungslabor H.-J. Iben, 20031).
2. Use of an advanced product, hereinafter referred to as WESSO® AIR Med, in critical
medical-clinical circumstances of treatment concerning the hygiene requirements
Against the background of the convincing results in this sphere, there has grown an interestin a procedure just effective as that to be applied in critical medical-clinical circumstances oftreatment concerning the hygiene requirements, that is able to influence the hygienic
situation of the air and room surroundings favorably, improving thus the conditions required
to achieve the goal of treatment.

2.1. Tests in the Intensive Care Unit of the Euromed Klinik Fürth and in the MRSAIsolation Unit of the Intensive Care Clinic of Nürnberg-Schwaig
Thus, WESSO® AIR Med has been used for four years in the Intensive Care Clinic ofNürnberg-Schwaig and in the Intensive Care Unit of the Euromed Klinik Fürth in connection
with the treatment of patients with germ colonization (decolonization) by methicillin-resistant
Staphylococci (MRSA), in a modified form with nebulization at intervals. These are seriously
traumatized patients with skull-brain injuries, partly still without consciousness, but withspontaneous, not machine-supported breathing (with tracheotomy), partly in the waking state
and therefore increasingly approachable to rehabilitation measures such as physical therapy.
MRSA colonization (hospital germs), in particular in the nasal part of pharynx and on theskin, is to be put down to a former stay in clinics with acute care. It represents a high risk of
hospital infections, in particular of pneumonia, accompanied in such patients by a high rate ofserious complications. Patients with MRSA colonization are admitted to an isolation unit,
where, under the strictest hygienic precautions, the decolonization measures recommended
by the Robert Koch Institute are carried out, such as administration of an antibiotic-containing
nasal ointment and antiseptic whole-body washings.

1

Technological Advisory and Development Laboratory H.-H. Iben, 2003--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Expert Opinion on Action Mechanisms, by WESSO® AIR Med, dated 20-05-2006 - Page 4 of 15---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pharma & Medizintechnik Consulting, Dr. med. Wolfgang Stengel, Dreibergstr. 76, D-91056 Erlangen2.2. Importance of the Application within the Scope of the MRSA Risk Management(Decolonization)

It is recommended that in situations of breakout also such personnel suffering from germcolonization, proven by smears, shall be subjected to these quite stressful measures andexempted from their duties until they are provably free from germs. This, and the personnelintensive care in intensive isolation units, may cause bottlenecks in the availability of
personnel. In connection with the tense financial situation of clinics, this has induced some ofthem to reject the hospitalization of patients with MRSA colonization. This problem isincreasingly recognized by the occupational groups concerned, and also by a broad public,
particularly as there are clear differences also between various countries within Europe (KippF et al., 2004; Stolze C, 2005).

Even though the risk of germs to be transmitted by direct contact is predominant, discussions- according to the current knowledge - on a transmission by air (airborne) are going on, also
on a "droplet infection" with the patient suffering at the same time from a viral infection of theupper respiratory tract (Kappstein I, 2004). The contamination of surfaces in thesurroundings of colonized patients is a reservoir to contaminate, for example, the hands orwork gloves of the medical personnel (Boyce et al., 1997). So there is also the wish to takeadditionally care of low-germ treatment surroundings including the respiratory air (in case ofpatients with tracheotomy). Although the procedure brings about primarily a reduction of the
air germs, apart from that a general decrease of germs, especially on surfaces (but not a"disinfection of surfaces"), quite certainly represents an effect in the longer term. This isshown by the number of air germs diminishing in the course of the first weeks of continuous
application. In special clinical situations of treatment, a substance-bound procedure for air
germ reduction with a component of short-time action in the fore and an additional
component of continuous action could turn out to be more advantageous than a physicalprocedure (middle ultraviolet light, laminar airflow) - to be more practicable in a still greaternumber of treatment situations. The resistance of bacteria to the product substanceshydrogen peroxide, sodium benzoate and sorbic acid - unlike all antibiotics and also
chemotherapeutic agents introduced - is not known. The application does not increase theselection pressure on the bacterial population and the occurrence of bacterial strains
resistant to an even greater number of agents.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Expert Opinion on Action Mechanisms, by WESSO® AIR Med, dated 20-05-2006 - Page 5 of 15---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pharma & Medizintechnik Consulting, Dr. med. Wolfgang Stengel, Dreibergstr. 76, D-91056 Erlangen

The use of WESSO® AIR Med in MRSA isolation units as a preventive measure against thetransmission of pathogenic microorganisms and diseases also aims at preventing thepersonnel from germ colonization who - as has been proved - can turn into transmitters as
well. In outpatient care, similar conditions in germ reduction of the air and treatment
surroundings can be given, for example in the case of stoma (artificial anus) and chronic
wounds, e.g. of diabetics, where WESSO® AIR Med has also been tested as an agent used
to reduce additionally the danger of infection and to prevent infections.

2.3. Surveys during the use at a MRSA unit: Determination of the number of air germs
with germ differentiation (antibiogram) and simultaneous documentation of clinicalfindings and therapeutic measures

Recently a series of detailed air germ measurements has been carried out at the isolation
unit of the Intensive Care Clinic of Nürnberg-Schwaig prior to the application and after fourweeks of continuous application (in one-hour periods with one-hour treatment-free intervals),
accompanied

by

the

documentation

of

all

other

diagnostic

measures,includingmicrobiological examinations, and the antimicrobial treatment. The results (not yet published)show in an impressive manner the complete disappearance of MRSA on air germ
sedimentation plates and in the measurement of air germs carried out by means of an air
germ collector, a special centrifuge, also in the corridor frequented only by the personnel,
where, prior to the application of the product, MRSA had been detected at five of eightsampling points. The total number of germs, determined with an air germ collector made by
Biotest, decreased significantly to 26 % of the initial level (P < 0.01).

2.4. Risk-versus-benefit assessment of an additional therapeutic measure supportingthe clinical therapy and preventing infections

2.4.1. Considering the goal of the treatment

An important aspect of a comprehensive risk-versus-benefit assessment of the procedure is
the seriousness of the disease, the treatment of which shall be supported.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Expert Opinion on Action Mechanisms, by WESSO® AIR Med, dated 20-05-2006 - Page 6 of 15---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pharma & Medizintechnik Consulting, Dr. med. Wolfgang Stengel, Dreibergstr. 76, D-91056 Erlangen

The challenges to be faced by a therapy of MRSA infections have been described in a shortsummary to the essay "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococci. Appearing in old people's homes
as frequently as in hospitals" (Neuhaus B, 2003) as follows:"Profile of an unpleasant germ: Staphylococcus aureus as well as methicillin-resistant
Staphylococci (MRSA) colonize the skin and mucous membrane of healthy people,
above all the nasal vestibule. From here, the germs can spread to the throat, theintestines, the hands and so on. If immunocompromised people are affected, S.
aureus as well as MRSA may cause serious infections such as wound infections,pneumonia or sepsis – with the difference that it is much more difficult to treat MRSA
because of its antibiotic resistance. On the one hand, only few preparations are usablefor the treatment, on the other hand, these preparations can be applied only to alimited extent due to their possible side-effects or due to the resistance developmenton their part."

The medical staff concerned that is nursing and treating the patients has to bear the
responsibility not to transmit unintentionally pathogenic microorganisms, possibly evenconstitute a "reservoir". In the case of a proved germ colonization (in breakout situations)they must be exempted from their duty temporarily in order to undergo decolonization
measures until the absence of germs is proved, with all strains involved, also strains of
psychical nature.

2.4.2. Findings on the effects of the components with regard to the risk-versus-benefit
assessment

Introduction and certification of the application of this formulation has been accompanied by
toxicological expert opinions (expert opinion of Prof. Dr. Heeschen and Prof. Dr. Gräf) andmedical examinations of healthy employees according to occupational safety regulations(study and expert opinion by Dr. Jahn). With regard to sorbic acid and sodium benzoate,model calculations have furnished proof of the fact that, when continuously applying thehighest recommended dosage of the product, i.e. 0.1 ml/m3/h, in the course of one work day,the acceptable daily intake (ADI value) of 5 mg/kg of body weight or 25 mg/kg of body weightcannot be exceeded in the employed persons due to a high safety factor (15 and 73,
respectively) (Expert Opinion - Hygienic-Toxicological Assessment, Prof. Dr. Heeschen).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Expert Opinion on Action Mechanisms, by WESSO® AIR Med, dated 20-05-2006 - Page 7 of 15---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pharma & Medizintechnik Consulting, Dr. med. Wolfgang Stengel, Dreibergstr. 76, D-91056 ErlangenAdditional photometrical determinations of the hydrogen peroxide concentration in the room
air yielded values below 1.0 mg/m3 even when applying the triple of the highest
recommended dosage. These values were clearly below the value of the maximum allowable
concentration of 1.4 mg/m3 (Determination of the Concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide in the
Room Air, Chemisches Laboratorium Dr. Weßling GmbH, 2005). This can be explained also
by the fact that a considerable part of the hydrogen peroxide contained in the productdecomposes to water and oxygen as a result of the energy input by applying the product byultrasonic nebulizing. Concerning the application in rooms occupied by patients it must be
taken into account that, up to now, a maximum of 25% of the highest recommended dosage
has been applied over longer periods of days and weeks that have been well tolerated bypatients and personnel. Within the period of experience of four years with repeated targeted
application in intensive care units of two clinics with altogether approximately 60 beds,
physicians of these clinics investigated in three cases the question of a connection between
different symptoms such as erythemas appearing in nursing personnel and the application of
WESSO® AIR Med by allergy tests (Prick Test) and, in addition to that, by substituting
temporarily a physiological salt solution for WESSO® AIR Med without informing the nursing
personnel thereof. There was no indication of any allergy to the components. It should be
noted that a (pseudo)allergic reaction to benzoic acid with a cross-reaction to salicylates has
been described in the literature. However, actually only 88 µg/m3/h of sodium benzoate areapplied by nebulization - a substance that can be found frequently in the nature, also as anatural component of foodstuffs such as fruits (plums, cranberries, strawberries). Due to its
structure similar to that of an unsaturated fatty acid, sorbic acid is considered to beabsolutely not harmful to the health of humans (quick transformation in metabolism).
2.5. Further Development of the WESSO® AIR Med Production Method and its
Application Technology

If a product is used to enhance the medical treatment in clinics, special demands are madeon testing the appropriate dosage, monitoring and documenting the amount of active
substances applied and, in the production process, on the quality and purity of the raw
material, including the water used, as well as on the continuous quality assurance process(quality control). This will be taken into account by the product's admission as a medical
product that is expected soon (CE marking), as well as with an ultrasonic cold nebulizing--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Expert Opinion on Action Mechanisms, by WESSO® AIR Med, dated 20-05-2006 - Page 8 of 15---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pharma & Medizintechnik Consulting, Dr. med. Wolfgang Stengel, Dreibergstr. 76, D-91056 Erlangensystem currently being tested that allows the applied quantity (volume or weight) to becontrolled electronically according to the presetting.

3. Components and Action Mechanisms
The production of WESSO® AIR Med has been standardized, as own experiments andexaminations within the scope of quality assurance showed that the effectiveness cannot be
explained by the sum of its individual components, but only by the special production method
and the synergistic effects of the components properly matched to one another. This has
been documented in the literature referred to below.

As components with antimicrobial effect, the aqueous solution of WESSO® AIR Med
contains the sodium salt of the benzoic acid (sodium benzoate) and sorbic acid, each inclearly lower concentrations than those habitually present when using these substances asfood additives. Both substances can be described as being "identical to nature": Benzoic acidis found in higher concentrations in various fruits such as cranberries, plums, andstrawberries; sorbic acid is found for example in rowanberries.

Benzoic acid (C6H5COOH, E 210) and its salts (sodium benzoate: E 211), originallyintroduced as a substitute for the salicylic acid, closely related in structure, intervenes inseveral ways in the enzyme activity of the microorganism cell: The anaerobic fermentation of
glucose by phosphofructokinase is inhibited by 95 % (Krebs et al., 1983), also enzymes that
regulate the oxidative phosphorylation, the acetic acid metabolism, as well as the citric acidcycle (Bosund, 1962). Apart from that, the function of the cell wall is influenced, and, bylowering the intracellular pH value, the regulation of the acid-base balance of the microbial
cell is disturbed (Salmond et al., 1984). The action of the benzoic acid is more directedagainst yeasts and mould fungi than against bacteria such as clostridia. In the literature,mainly minimal inhibitory concentrations between 200 and 5 000 ppm, depending on the
microbial species and the pH value, are indicated. - In the human organism, benzoic acid,after good absorption through the intestine, is transformed in the liver with the amino acidglycine to hippuric acid and quickly excreted through the kidney. The quick transformation byhuman metabolism is the reason for the application safety (WHO Food Additive Series No.
18, 2005; WHO CICA document no. 26, 2000).

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Expert Opinion on Action Mechanisms, by WESSO® AIR Med, dated 20-05-2006 - Page 9 of 15---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pharma & Medizintechnik Consulting, Dr. med. Wolfgang Stengel, Dreibergstr. 76, D-91056 Erlangen

Sorbic acid, from its structure to be regarded as a di-unsaturated fatty acid (trans,trans-2,4hexadienoic acid, C6H8O2, E 200), was introduced as a food additive (preservative) only after
1950 and was examined thoroughly. Similar to benzoic acid, a greater number of enzymes ofthe microbial cell is discussed as a point of action of the sorbic acid, in particular enzymes of
the carbohydrate metabolism and the citric acid cycle (Rehm, 1967). Due to its double
bonds, sorbic acid enters into covalent bonds with SH groups of enzymes, deactivating themthat way (Martoadiprawito and Whitaker, 1963). Also the catalase and peroxidase of mould
fungi are inhibited (Lück, 1957). The cell wall shall be an additional point of action, whichchanges the permeability to ions and, apart from that, inhibits also the growth by influencing
the transport of building blocks like amino acids, e.g. of Escherichia coli (Eklund, 1985). The
range of action includes yeasts and mould fungi. In addition to that, catalase-positive bacteria
are inhibited to a greater extent than catalase-negative ones. Combining sorbic acid with low
concentrations of other preservative substances, it clearly inhibits also clostridia (Ivey et al.,1978). The minimal inhibitory concentrations are between 100 and 10 000 ppm, dependingon the microbial species and the pH value.

The combination of benzoic acid and sorbic acid has proved to be favorable, because
bacteria, not influenced by the individual substances, are included in the range of action(Rehm and Stahl, 1960). A real resistance development, i.e. increase of the minimal
inhibitory concentration in applying subthreshold concentrations of sorbic acid or benzoic
acid, is not known. Interesting enough, sorbic acid inhibits the formation of aflatoxin still morethan the growth of mould fungi, so it seems to be appropriate in a special way for theprophylaxis of food poisonings (Bullermann, 1983). The application safety of sorbic acid isbased, on the one hand, on the obviously higher sensitivity of enzymes in microorganisms,
as, for example, the alcohol dehydrogenase, compared with enzymes in the humanorganism, as well as on the quick and complete decomposition in humans - mainly by ßoxidation, as taking place in fatty acids (WHO Food Additive Series No. 5, 1974; Walker,
1990).

In the production process also hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is used. It has turned out that thegreatest part of this substance of low stability that also decomposes rapidly to water andoxygen when being warmed or in the presence of organic material, is removed by the energy
input in the process of ultrasonic cold nebulization (piezoelectric procedure). That is why therespective value of the maximum allowable concentration (MAC value) is not exceeded in the--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Expert Opinion on Action Mechanisms, by WESSO® AIR Med, dated 20-05-2006 - Page 10 of 15---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pharma & Medizintechnik Consulting, Dr. med. Wolfgang Stengel, Dreibergstr. 76, D-91056 Erlangenphotometric determination, even not if the triple of the highest recommended dosage of
0.1 ml of the product per m3 of air will be applied (Determination of the Concentration of
Hydrogen Peroxide in the Room Air, Chemisches Laboratorium Dr. Weßling GmbH, 2005). With regard to sodium benzoate and sorbic acid, model calculations have furnished proof of
the fact that, when continuously applying the product in food-processing companies in thecourse of one work day, the acceptable daily intake (ADI value) of 5 mg/kg of body weight or
25 mg/kg of body weight cannot not be exceeded in the employed persons due to the highsafety factor (15 and 73, respectively) (Expert Opinion - Hygienic-Toxicological Assessment,
Prof. Dr. Heeschen).

4. Microbiological Examinations
The bactericidal effectivity of the finished solution can be assessed on the basis of an expert
opinion prepared at the Institute of Medical Hygiene of the Erlangen-Nuremberg University
on a product for applications in the field of drinking-water hygiene, which has a comparable
material composition. It refers to a study done in conformity with the Directives of theGerman Society for Hygiene and Microbiology, including Gram-positive as well as Gramnegative bacteria that play an important role as pathogenic or indicator germs (Escherichia
coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Klebsiellapneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Clostridium sporogenes,
Salmonella typhi), also the yeast Candida albicans. According to that it can be expected thatby wetting with a 2.5 % aqueous solution of WESSO® AIR Med the above-mentioned germs
will die within five minutes, with little variability in their sensitivity. The relationship between
yeasts and mould fungi, as well as the experience acquired through a great number ofobservational cohort studies suggest that mould fungus species, such as Aspergillus niger,
have an equally pronounced sensitivity to WESSO® AIR Med. In further tests and expert
opinions, reproduction-inhibiting up to bactericidal properties of the diluted product acting on
Legionella pneumophila and a multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus strain have been
demonstrated, with times of exposure from 5 to 30 minutes (expert Opinion of Prof. Dr. Dr.
Gräf, 2002).

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Expert Opinion on Action Mechanisms, by WESSO® AIR Med, dated 20-05-2006 - Page 11 of 15---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pharma & Medizintechnik Consulting, Dr. med. Wolfgang Stengel, Dreibergstr. 76, D-91056 Erlangen

5. Summarized Assessment
Based on all examination results obtained, expert opinions, the literature contained in
the list of references, and observational cohort studies, it can be stated that the
product
WESSO® AIR Med

intended to safeguard air-hygienic surroundings in conjunction with medical measures-

is well-tolerated by humans and, under toxicological aspects, harmless to people;-

is, under ecological aspects, not objectionable;-

achieves, under microbiological aspects, an active reduction of germs, including thepathogenic troublesome germs (MRSA, Legionella) without implying the risk of a
resistance development;-

applied in critical clinical situations of treatment with special requirements as tohygienic measures, reduces the germ load of the room air and leads to a general
reduction of the level of germ load in the room – acting as an agent for preventing risk
factors (colonization) and infectious diseases or supporting their treatment.

Erlangen, May 2006

Dr. med. Wolfgang StengelSpecialist in Pharmacology and Toxicology--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Expert Opinion on Action Mechanisms, by WESSO® AIR Med, dated 20-05-2006 - Page 12 of 15---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pharma & Medizintechnik Consulting, Dr. med. Wolfgang Stengel, Dreibergstr. 76, D-91056 ErlangenSources1:
Studies on the product:
Bestimmung der Konzentration von Wasserstoffperoxid in der Raumluft bei Einsatz der AIR
Solution Ultraschall-Kaltvernebelung zur Wirkstoffausbringung von WESSOGREEN AIR
Typ 2 [Determination of the Concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide in the Room Air,
applying the active Substance of WESSOGREEN AIR Type 2 by AIR Solution Ultrasonic
Cold Nebulization], Chemisches Laboratorium Dr. E. Weßling GmbH, Hannover, 2005
Gutachterliche Stellungnahme, WESSOGREEN® AIR für den Einsatzbereich derLuftentkeimung - Hygienisch-toxikologische Bewertung [Expert Opinion, WESSOGREEN®
AIR for Air Degermination - Hygienic-Toxicological Assessment], Prof. Dr. Walther
Heeschen, Kiel
Gutachten von Prof. Dr. Dr. W. Gräf, Erlangen, zur bakteriziden Wirksamkeit von
WESSOGREEN® AIR Typ 2 gegen einen multiresistenten Staphylococcus aureus- Stamm(MRSA), 2002 [Expert Opinion of Prof. Dr. Dr. W. Gräf, Erlangen, on the bactericidal
Efficiency of WESSOGREEN® AIR Type 2 against a multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus
strain (MRSA), 2002]
Gutachten von Prof. Dr. Dr. W. Gräf, Erlangen, zur bakteriziden Wirksamkeit des Präparates
WESSOGREEN® AIR Typ 2 gegenüber Legionella pneumophila (= Erreger der sog.
Legionärskrankheit), 2002 [Expert Opinion of Prof. Dr. Dr. W. Gräf, Erlangen, on thebactericidal Efficiency of WESSOGREEN® AIR Type 2 against Legionella pneumophila (=Pathogen of the so-called Legionnaires' Disease), 2002]
Lebensmittelrechtliche Bewertung der Luftentkeimung mit dem WESSOGREEN® AIR Typ 2
bei der Verarbeitung von unverpackten Lebensmitteln, Technologisches Beratungs- und
Entwicklungslabor Dipl. Ing. H.-J. Iben, Bremerhaven, Öffentlich bestellter und vereidigter
Sachverständiger für Fisch, Fischwaren, Krusten- und Schalentiere, 2003 [Assessment,
considering the Law relating to Food and Drugs, of Air Degermination using the productWESSOGREEN® AIR Type 2, in the Processing of unpacked Foods, Technological
Advisory and Development Laboratory Dipl. Ing. H.-J. Iben, Bremerhaven, Officiallyappointed and sworn Expert for Fish, Fish Products, Crustaceans and Mollusks, 2003]
Studie zum Produkteinsatz von WESSOGREEN® AIR Typ 2 der Firma WESSOCLEAN
Wasserhygiene GmbH zur Verbesserung der Raumlufthygiene [Study on the Use of the
Product WESSOGREEN® AIR Type 2 of the Company WESSOCLEAN WasserhygieneGmbH to improve the Room Air Hygiene], prepared by TÜV Management Service GmbH,Dr. S. Gerbl-Rieger, for the Certification Procedure of TÜV Product Service GmbH, Status
November 2004
Certificate No. Z20501 24776 004 and Technical Report 70083088 of 25-01-2005, TÜV
Product Service GmbH, Zertifizierstelle [Certifying Body], Ridlerstr. 65, 80339 München

1

The German titles have been translated for information purposes only (the translator)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Expert Opinion on Action Mechanisms, by WESSO® AIR Med, dated 20-05-2006 - Page 13 of 15---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pharma & Medizintechnik Consulting, Dr. med. Wolfgang Stengel, Dreibergstr. 76, D-91056 Erlangen

Reviews/Manuals:
Dettenkofer M, Merkel H, Mutter J (2003) HTA (Health Technology Assessment) Report:
Bewertung unterschiedlicher Hygienekonzepte zur Kontrolle von MRSA (Methicillinresistente Staphylococcus aureus) [Assessment of different Hygiene Concepts to control
MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)] . DIMDI, Cologne.
Kappstein I (2003) Multiresistente Erreger - MRSA. In: Nosokomiale Infektionen, W.
Zuckschwerdt-Verlag [Multiresistant Pathogens - MRSA. In: Nosocomial Infections,Publisher: W. Zuckschwerdt], Germering/Munich, 360 ff.
Lück E, Jager M (1995) Chemische Lebensmittelkonservierung, 3. Aufl., Springer-Verlag[Chemical Food Preservation, 3rd edition, Publisher: Springer], Berlin, Heidelberg, NewYork
Römpp H, Falbe J, Regitz M (1996) Lexikon Chemie, 10. Aufl., Thieme-Verlag [Encyclopediaof Chemistry, 10th edition, Publisher: Thieme], Stuttgart
WHO, International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) (2000) Concise international
chemical assessment (CICA) document no. 26: Benzoic acid and sodium benzoate.
WHO IPCS, Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) (2005) Food
Additive Series No. 18: Benzoic acid and its calcium, potassium and sodium salts.
WHO IPCS, Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) (1974) Food
Additive Series No. 5: Sorbic acid and its calcium, potassium and sodium salts.

Essays in Journals:
Bosund I (1962) The action of benzoic and salicylic acids on the metabolism of
microorganisms. Acta Chem Scand 14, 111-125
Boyce JM, Potter-Bynoe G, Chenevert C, King T (1997) Environmental contamination due tomethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: possible infection control implications. InfectControl Hosp Epidemiol 18, 622-627
Bullermann LB (1983) Effects of potassium sorbate on growth and aflatoxin production by
Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus. J Food Protect 46, 940-946
Eklund T (1985) The effect of sorbic acids and esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid on the
proton-motive force in Escherichia coli membrane vesicles. J Gen Microbiol 131, 73-76
Ivey FJ, Shaver KJ, Christiansen LN, Tompkin RB (1978) Effect of potassium sorbate on
toxinogenesis by Clostridium botulinum in bacon. J Food Protect 41, 621-625
Kipp F, Friedrich A W, Becker K, von Eiff C (2004) Bedrohliche Zunahme Methicillinresistenter Staphylococcus-aureus-Stämme. [Alarming increase of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus-aureus strains] Dtsch Ärztebl 101:A 2045-2050 [Number 28–29]--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Expert Opinion on Action Mechanisms, by WESSO® AIR Med, dated 20-05-2006 - Page 14 of 15---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pharma & Medizintechnik Consulting, Dr. med. Wolfgang Stengel, Dreibergstr. 76, D-91056 Erlangen

Commission for Hospital Hygiene and Infection Prevention at RKI: Recommendations for thePrevention and Control of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains (MRSA) in
Hospitals and other Medical Facilities. Bundesgesundheitsblatt [Federal Health Gazette] –Health Research – Health Protection 1999; 42: 954-958
Krebs HA, Wiggins D, Stubbs M (1983). Studies on the mechanism of the antifungal action of
benzoate. Biochem J 214, 657-663
Lück H (1957) Katalasehemmung durch organische Säuren [Catalase Inhibition by organic
Acids]. Biochem Z 328, 411-419
Martoadiprawito, Whitaker JR (1963) Potassium sorbate inhibition of yeast alcohol
dehydrogenase. Biochem Biophys Acta 77, 536-544
Neuhaus B (2003) Methicillin resistente Staphylokokken. In Altenheimen ebenso häufig
vertreten wie in Krankenhäusern. [Methicillin-resistant Staphylococci. In Old People's
Homes as frequent as in Hospitals] Dtsch Ärztebl 100: A 2921-2922
Rehm H-J (1967) Zur Kenntnis der antimikrobiellen Wirkung der Sorbinsäure. 6. Mitteilung.
Die Wirkung von Sorbinsäure auf den Kohlenhydratstoffwechsel von Escherichia coli. [Onthe Knowledge of the antimicrobial Effect of Sorbic Acid. 6th Report. The Effect of Sorbic
Acid on the Carbohydrate Metabolism of Escherichia coli.] Zentralblatt Bakteriol
Parasitenkd Infektionskr Hyg Abt 2, 121, 492-502
Rehm H-J, Stahl U (1960) Untersuchungen zur Wirkung von Konservierungsmittelkombinationen. III. Die Wirkung einfacher Konservierungsmittelkombinationen auf
Aspergillus niger und Saccharomyces cerevisiae. [Studies on the Effect of Preservative
Combinations. III. The Effect of simple Preservative Combinations on Aspergillus niger
and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.] Z Lebensm Unters Forsch 113, 34-47
Salmond CV, Kroll RG, Booth IR (1984) The effect of food preservatives on pH homeostasis
in Escherichia coli. J Gen Microbiol 130, 2845-2850
Stolze C (2005) Erst waschen. [The first thing to do is to wash oneself.] Die Zeit 17, 2005
Walker R (1990) Toxicology of sorbic acid and sorbates. Food Add Contam 7, 671-676--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Expert Opinion on Action Mechanisms, by WESSO® AIR Med, dated 20-05-2006 - Page 15 of 15---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pharma & Medizintechnik Consulting, Dr. med. Wolfgang Stengel, Dreibergstr. 76, D-91056 Erlangen