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一般民間人滞在のための快適 ECLSSAn Inclusive ECLSS for Comfortability
野中朋美 1
Tomomi NONAKA1
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早稲田大学，Waseda University

The Basic Plan on Space Policy, approved by the Cabinet on June 13, 2023, was established to define thefundamental direction of space policy for the next decade, with an outlook extending 20 years into the future.
This plan aims to promote new economic and social activities in space, reflecting the expanding sphere ofhuman activity beyond Earth and low Earth orbit to the Moon's surface and deep space.
Traditionally, space has been perceived by the general public as an arena exclusively for astronauts andother specially trained individuals to accomplish their missions, making it seem distant and inaccessible toordinary people. However, it is projected that by 2030, around 100 people will travel and stay in low Earthorbit, with that number increasing to 200–300 people for short to medium-term stays in the 2040s1). According
to another roadmap, by 2050, the number of annual travelers by orbital flight could rise to several thousand,with suborbital flight numbers reaching approximately 100,000 2). Until now, space station usage has been
restricted to specialized personnel and professional astronauts carrying out their missions. However, post2030, access to space stations is expected to open up to the private sector. In response, many companies,including those outside the traditional space industry, are accelerating space-oriented research anddevelopment.
The environmental conditions at a space base—such as gravity, temperature, humidity, and air/water
circulation—differ significantly from those on Earth. Research on Environmental Control and Life Support
Systems (ECLSS)3) for human space activities has focused on enabling humans to operate in space over themid- to long-term. Additionally, CELSS (Closed Ecology Experiment Facilities) research 4) has been conducted
for deep space manned exploration activities on Mars and beyond the Moon. These technologicaldevelopments have enabled environmental control and life support at space bases, allowing astronauts toperform their missions.
Given the drastically different environment and behavioral constraints in space compared to Earth, it isanticipated that human perception and experience will be affected in space. We propose that the key toachieving quality of life (QOL) and well-being in space may lie in the “everydayness” that we experience in
our lives on Earth. The purpose of this study is to present an overview and concept of the “Inclusive ECLSS
for Comfortability,” a novel approach to ECLSS that aims to ensure ordinary civilians feel as comfortable aspossible while operating in a space base, despite the limited resources and unique environment of space.
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Figure 1. A Conceptual diagram of Plat form of “Inclusive ECLSS for Comfortability”.

The “Inclusive ECLSS for Comfortability” integrates approaches from various technologies and disciplinesthrough system design management techniques. Systems engineering is employed to establish objectives,
functional design, and physical design, taking into account the uniqueness of the space station and thediversity of individuals.
Figure 1 presents a conceptual diagram of the “Inclusive ECLSS for Comfortability.” This study focuses on
low Earth orbit. The Inclusive ECLSS for Comfortability Design Lab (Experimental Equipment for simulating
a closed living environment) will be implemented on Earth. This experimental device simulates material
circulation, excluding gravity, within a space base to the extent necessary for design, evaluation, andverification. The device will be capable of controlling all environmental parameters except gravity. Within thiscontrolled environment, conditions necessary for verification will be simulated. In this experimental space,people and objects will interact, and the effects of these interactions will be evaluated and analyzed.
Experiments and analyses will include prototype evaluation, quality assessment, and wear-and-tearevaluation of products and services. Additionally, user-participatory design will be realized. In the future, weaim to bring back products used at the space station for reverse engineering evaluations and analyses.
Acknowledgement: The authors are grateful to Prof. Takashi Kawai, Prof. Motohiko Miyachi, Dr. Yoshihiro Banchi, Prof. Tatsuya Shimizu,
Dr. Michihiro Koyanagi, Ms. Kaori Itagaki, Prof. Kan Imai, Prof. Toru Asahi and Prof. Seiko Shirasaka, and other project members fordiscussing the topic treated in this paper. Also I would like to thank Dr. Masato Sakurai and Prof. Naoko Yamazaki for useful advices.

References
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The Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences. JSASS Space Vision2050 (2019).
The Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences. JSASS Space Vision2050 Enlarged Edition (2021).
P. Eckart. Spaceflight Life Support and Biospherics. Kluwer Academic Publishers (1994).
T. Yasuhiro, R. Arai, T. Tani, G. Honda, O. Komatsubara: Plan of Closed Habitation Experiments and Material Flowin Closed Ecosystem Experiment Facilities. Eco-Engineering, 17(4) (2005) 231.

© 2024 by the authors. Submitted for possible open access publication under theterms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license(http://creativecommons.org/li censes/by/4.0/).

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