COMMISSION B : Fields and Waves (Nov. '01 - Oct. '04)
Edited by Makoto Ando
B1. Scattering and Diffraction
In URSI Commission B, the topic “scattering and diffraction” is a broad and very important subject area. There
has been a great progress during the last three years in developing various solution methods and new results
related to this topic. There are a number of simple, canonical two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D)
targets.
Summarized below is the recent progress in the research carried out in Japan during the three-year period from
November 2001 to October 2004 regarding the topic area B1: Scattering and Diffraction.
In the following, we have provided a summary of the research related to this topic, which, however, is closely
related to all the other topics B2-B8. It is therefore suggested that readers also refer to the results summarized in
Sections B2 to B8.
1.1 Basic Electromagnetic Fields Analysis
Recently there has been an increasing interest for the basic electromagnetic fields analysis such as Helmholtz's
theorem, Kramers-Kronig relation , superluminal group velocity , optical ray fields, polarization of the Poynting
flux ,and guided wave fields.
Hosono [2002] investigated a new extension for the Helmholtz's theorem, which is based on the vector fields.
This new expression of the theorem has been applied to those fields which are finite at infinity .For the
Kramers-Kronig relation, Hosono and Hosono [2003] proposed a new algorithm that uses the Kramers-Kronig
relation extended to complex frequency domain, and that can easily be carried out by a computer, and also
analyzed the problem of negative group velocity, and showed that the group velocity of a wave packet is nothing
but the phase velocity of the envelope. For the superluminal group velocity, Hosono and Hosono [2004] studied
the precise waveforms of a causal half-sine-modulated pulse and a triangle-modulated pulse propagating in theLorentz medium, and also clarified the effects of analyticity of signal to deepen understanding of the mechanismof superluminal group velocity theoretic consideration of a network.
Tokumaru [2002] introduced an optical ray field which satisfies the law of electromagnetic energy density flowin geometrical optics , and also proved to be the electromagnetic plane wave field when the optical ray fieldsatisfying Maxwell's equations. For the polarization of the Poynting flux, Tokumaru [2003a] investigated anelliptic locus of the tip of the real-time Poynting flux of electromagnetic fields by 4 in term of a concept of thepolarization. For the guided wave fields, Tokumaru [2003b] investigated the E-type and H-type guided
phenomena , a reversal conception toward the guided waves , as it guided wave fields based on energy-transport
relations. This new guided wave fields agree with the usual guided waves, if the new guided wave field satisfy theMaxwell's equations.
1.2 Periodic Array Structures
Recently, the scattering problems of periodic dielectric or metallic grating with inhomogeneous media havebeen of considerable interest, such as photonic bandgap crystals , frequency selective devices, optical fiber
gratings ,and so on.
For the dielectric grating, the multilayered periodic arrays , and crossed-arrays of circular cylinders has been
analyzed by[Jandieri and Yasumoto[2004], Yasumoto and Jia[2004a], Yasumoto[2004b] and Yasumoto etal.[2004c]] using the lattice sums technique, the aggregate T-matrix algorithm, and the generalized reflection andtransmission matrices for a layered system. They also analyzed the lossy circular cylinders embedded in adielectric slab , and with multiple eccentric cylindrical inclusions by Yasumoto and Jia[2003] and Toyama et al.
[2003], respectively. Yamasaki et al.[2002] analyzed the columnar dielectric gratings with elliptically layered
medium using the improved Fourier series expansion method and the multilayer method. Watanabe K. [2003]
analyzed the sinusoidal and echelette gratings in an anisotoropic medium using Li's Fourier factorization rules ,1but a coupled first-order differential-equation set is derived using only the Laurent rule , and also investigated theconvergence of this formulation . Komatsu et al.[2003] analyzed the dielectric gratings in conical mounting byapplying inverse rule to matrix eigenvalue method that is using the Fourier series expansion for relative
permittivity and the spatial harmonics expansion for electromagnetic fields.
Guan et al.[2003] analyzed the scattering problems of electromagnetic waves by the boundary element method(BEM) using the wavelet transform approach, and this approach reduced both the computation costs ofperforming the wavelet transform and solving sparse linear equations if it is compared with the conventional one.
On the other hand, for the metallic gratings, Wakabayashi et al.[2003] analyzed the thin metallic grating with athickness profile using a combination of the Fourier series expansion method and the multilayered step method.
The convergence of this method is improved using the spatial harmonics of flux densities instead ofelectromagnetic fields normal to the surface of a metallic grating. Wakabayashi et al.[2004] also investigated athin metallic grating placed in conical mounting as a lossy dielectric grating expressed by complex permittivity
and thickness using the resistive boundary condition and the spectral Galerkin procedure, and investigated theavailability of the resistive boundary condition for thin metallic gratings in conical mounting. Asai et al.[2002a]
analyzed the electromagnetic waves interacting with a planar-stratified bianisotropic medium with a strip grating
using the 4 × 4 matrix-based approach and the moment method, and investigated a periodically- apertured metallic
sheet on a uniaxial chiral slab[Asai et al.[2002b]] and an anisotoropic chiral slab[Asai et al.[2002c]] using same
methods. Asai et al.[2003] also analyzed the diffraction from a uniaxial chiral slab with a two-dimensional
periodic array of conducting patches is by the matrix-based approach using the coupled mode equations and themoment method.
Jia and Yasumoto [2004a, 2004b, 2004c, 2004d] analyzed the scattering from periodic arrays of the metallic
cylinders with arbitrary cross section using the generalized scattering matrix combined with the modal
method ,and also shown that the convergence of the solution is very fast and the accuracy is very high.
Yamasaki et al.[2004] proposed a new method for the scattering of electromagnetic waves by inhomogeneous
dielectric gratings with perfectly conducting strip using the improved Fourier series expansion and point matching
method.
The solar cell module is recently installed on the periodic walls of multistory buildings with a public attention
to the clean energy. However, it gives rise to a ghosting phenomenon in TV for much more wide area.
Hatakeyama et al[2003, 2004] investigated a reflection reducing method of for a frequency range of the digital
broadcasting by using solar cell module embedded in the windows and found that the reflection can be reduced
over 10 [dB] by optimizing the module arrangement and the wire structure connecting the cell.
1.3 Cavity Structures
Ohnuki and Hinata [2003] have analyzed the transient scattering by a parallel-plate waveguide cavity
numerically using the point matching technique and numerical inversion of Laplace transform.
Sekiguchi et al. [2003] proposed an algorithm to estimate non-destructively the depth of a crack using theelectromagnetic waves, and investigated the periodical sharp dips in the scattering by a though on a conducting
surface ,it the first dip frequency corresponds to the crack depth. This algorithm can estimate the depth of a crack
within 3 percent error. Shirai and Sekiguchi [2004] also proposed a simple estimation formula and measurement
method for a crack on metal surfaces, and studied the dependencies of the crack's aperture and the incident angle
and considered as the depth obtained estimation parameters.
The three – dimensional (3-D) cavity formed by a finite circular waveguide with a planar termination at the
open end has been rigorously analyzed the case of the axial symmetric diffraction problem by Kobayashi and hiscolleagues using the Wiener-Hopf technique [Kuryliak et al., 2002a.200b].They also analyzed the vector
diffraction problem for a circular waveguide cavity rigorously using Wiener-Hopf technique [Kuryliak et al.,2004a.2004b,2004c].
1.4 Canonical Structures
Hashimoto [2004] studied the scattering of the two dimensional electromagnetic waves by the infinite
sequences of zeros arising on the complex plane, which just correspond to the null points of the far field pattern
given as a function of the azimuthal angle θ, and also evaluated the convergent sequences of zeros around thepoint of infinity when the scattering objects are assumed to be N-polygonal cylinders. It was shown that if the2

locations of zeros are determined appropriately, the every edge condition can be satisfied, also shown that there
are N-directions of convergence, which tend to infinity.
Shimoda et al.[2004] analyzed the plane wave scattering by an inhomogeneous plane whose surface impedancechanges locally on the plane with the aid of the Fourier transform derives an integral equation, which isapproximately solved by the method of least-squares , and expressed the scattering phenomenon using theincomplete Lipschitz-Hankel integral .
Yokota and Kai[2002a] analyzed the Scattering of a Hermite-Gaussian beam wave which expressed as asuperposition of multipole fields at complex source points by a chiral cylinder and the scattered near fields of thebeam incidence are calculated and the effects of chirality, the polarization and the radius of the chiral cylinder on
the fields are examined. They also analyzed the Scattering of a Hermite-Gaussian beam by two Chiral
Cylinders[Yokota and Kinoshita[2002b]].
1.5 (3-D) Structures
For the 3-dimensional electromagnetic wave scattering problem , the choices of the parameters and theweighting functions are very important in the integral equation. Matsuhara et al. [2003] evaluated the choices ofthe parameters and the weighting functions by making the condition number into the evaluation basis for using
integral equation.
Koba et al.[2003] proposed a rapid algorithm on the Yasuura method using an array of multipoles as well as aconventional multipole for the 3-D electromagnetic scattering problems by dielectric objects which we need tosolve a big size simultaneous linear equation. They also obtained the radar cross sections of dielectric objects inthe optical wave region over a relative wide frequency range and a TDG pulse response.
Murasaki [2002] proposed a new method by transforming a PO surface integral to a line integral along theboundary of the scatterer. The advantage of this method is to be able to reduce the time fur fields calculationcompared with the original PO.
Miyamoto et al.[2003] analyzed the fiber grating, embedded and raised strip periodic waveguides withrectangular cross-section using revised Fourier series expansion method which is effective for the analysis onvarious kinds of 3-dimensional periodic waveguides with arbitrary number of periods.
The analysis of near optical fields around an aperture in metallic screens is fundamental problem inelectromagnetic theory. Tanka et al. [2003a, 2004a] analyzed numerically the optical near-field in a small apertureand a subwavelength-size aperture in a thick metallic screen by the three-dimensional volume integral equation
with generalized minimum residual method and fast Fourier transformation. Tanka et al. [2003b, 2004b] analyzed
a thick metallic screen that provides a I-shaped subwavelength aperture for high intensity and small spot size ,andalso proposed a modification of I-shaped aperture in a pyramidal structure on a thick metallic screen Tanka et al.
[2004c, 200d].
(T. Yamasaki)
B2. Inverse Scattering
Accurate and effective mathematical approach to the inverse scattering problems will be useful inmany applications of electromagnetic and optical engineering. The estimation of material using
wave is a typical problem and Ishida. et al. [2004a] [2004b], described a novel approach using
extended T-matrix elements.
Classification of surface condition can be extended from a small scale to a very large scale.
Classical classification techniques were known for applications to land use classification in remotesensing, but new approaches have been proposed. Hirose et al. [2001] and Minami, et al. [2003],
showed a method using neural-network for land classification.
Radar polarimetry for SAR is another very powerful approach for land use classification. Thiskind of research is active in Japan, because Japan is planning to launch a new earth observation
satellite ALOS, which is equipped with a full polarimetric SAR, namely PALSAR in 2005. Most of
the following researches are related to ALOS-PALSAR. Murase, [2001] dealed with polariemtricindices for extracting scattering characteristics of trees and shows that the correlation coefficient in
the circular polarization basis best serves to classify conifer trees and broad leaf trees. Generally, a3

scattering object has eight characteristic polarization states. Yang, [2002b] derived thesecharacteristic polarization states via equi-power curves on the Poincare sphere. Yang [2002a] thenexamined the property of scattering matrix mathematically and has derived the periodicity of
scattering matrix nature. The result is applied to classify the targets based on the periodicity.
Pi-SAR is a Japanese airborne polarimetric SAR sensor, which can test some characteristics of the
ALOS-PALSAR. Yamaguchi, [2002a] presented the image simulations using airborne Pi-SAR
polarimetric data taking into account of radar resolutions. Pacific-Rim flight campaign provided thedata acquired with both AIRSAR (JPL) and Pi-SAR (CRL/NASDA). The images over the same area
were compared from the polarimetric scattering point of view [Yamaguchi 2002b]. It was shown thatthe scattering characteristics from urban area become different each other by small incidence angle
within 2-3 degrees. On the other hand, the scattering characteristics remain the same for natural
target. Polarimetric filtering technique was applied to the detection of objects buried in theunderground by Yamaguchi [2002c]. Since the polarization state of earth surface can be measurable
quantity, it is used as null state to image the entire detection image so that the surface clutter iseliminated. This suppresses surface clutter and provides better contrast image for detection ofunderground target. An X-band scatterometer was applied to monitor wheat chlorophyll. Singh, etal. [2003], showed that polarimetric power ratio varies with wheat growing stage which is related
to the amount of chlorophyll contained within wheat. Kimura, et al. [2003] tried to classify terrain
target using polarimetric entropy, alpha angle, and total power. Since the total power is one of theessential parameters for radar, it is expected to serve to classify targets in noisy clutteredenvironment. Based on unsupervised maximum likelihood method, it was shown that the method iseffective for classification in complex environment. Generalized optimization of polarimetriccontrast enhancement method was developed to find specific target in fully polarimetric SAR image.
When the polarization states for transmitter and receiver are independent, there are two freedom
for maximizing desired power vs. clutter power ratio. The optimization condition was solved bygeneralized eigen-value problem by Yang et al. [2004]. Kimura et al. [2004a] tried to classify terrain
target using polarimetric entropy, alpha angle, and total power. Since the total power is one of theessential parameters for radar, it is expected to serve classify target in noisy cluttered environment.
Using unsupervised maximum likelihood method, it was shown that the method is effective forclassification in complex environment. The result was validated by experiment with Pi-SAR dataover Niigata University area. More quantitative analysis for radar polarimetry have been studied.
Kimura et al.[2004b] showed that the phase of the correlation coefficient in the circular polarizationbasis is effective for detection of man-made targets. The phase image of circular polarization
correlation coefficient detected clearly man-made target such as buildings and building blocks notparallel to SAR flight path. Yamaguchi et al.[2004] showed that the phase in the circularpolarization correlation coefficient is effective for detection of oriented targets with respect to SAR
flight path. The phase image provided man-made target such as buildings and building blocks notparallel to SAR flight path. Moriyama et al.[2004] examined the correlation coefficients in thevarious polarization bases and shows that the phase in the circular polarization correlation
coefficient is effective for feature extraction of polarimetric SAR data. A method is proposed todetect man-made target using the circular polarization correlation coefficient together with RCS oftarget.
Radar interferometry is another classical approach to land use classification in SAR, and effective
algorithms for phase unwrapping have been developed. Suksmono and Hirose tried adaptive signal
processing [Suksmono et al., 2002a, 2002b], and they used space wave number domain approach[Suksmono etl.al.2003], and Monte-Carlo approach [Suksmono et al. 2002c] to this problem.
Super resolution techniques such as MUSIC have been applied to accurate target location inradar. Location estimation of cylindrical scatters using a MUSIC algorithm was applied to boreholeradar by Miwa et al. [2004a]. The experiment in water is carried out so that this method can4

estimate the location of the cylinders horizontally separated by 4 lambda. And a MUSIC algorithm
was successfully introduced to locate point targets surrounded by transmitting and receiving linear
array [Miwa 2004b]. The resolution of imaging is greatly improved in comparison with aconventional diffraction stacking method. Super resolution algorithm can be used for various kindsof applications. Akimoto et al. [2004] applied MUSIC algorithm for locating near-field
electromagnetics emissional sources and applied it to PCB. Super resolution techniques can be used
for geophysical parameter estimation in remote sensing, and Yamada, [2002 proposed an approachfor polarimetric SAR interferometry based on the ESPRIT and showed accurate estimation
technique of tree height. The proposed technique has a feature to detect local scattering centerscorresponding to the canopy top and the ground. Then Sato [2003a] examined performance of
ESPRIT-based polarimetric SAR interferometry for the forest analysis. The ESPRIT technique canresolve local scattering centers as many as independent observed channels, that means thetechnique can detect three local scattering centers in the forest at the maximum with fullypolarimetric data sets. By using this feature, they showed experimentally that the tree height
estimation accuracy can be improved when they analyze additional local scattering center between
canopy top and the ground. This is a powerful technique for the forest analysis, however estimatedtree height would sometimes be biased. Yamada et al. [2003] showed that strong volume scattering
causes the bias, therefore the estimated results should be carefully evaluated for the dense forest
analysis.
Due to recent development of powerful numerical forward simulation techniques such as FDTD,
and the advanced time-domain measurement techniques, multi-dimensional time-domain inversion
algorithm became quite practical inversion scheme. An iterative inverse-scattering approach toreconstruction of electrical parameter distributions of a three-dimensional object by using
time-domain filed data was presented by Takenaka et al. [2003]. Numerical examples of simulation
data were given to assess the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. In order to improve the image
quality from the FBTS method, Tanaka et al. [2003] proposed a new reconstruction algorithm. The
measured time-domain data are low-pass filtered and the FBTS algorithm was used for the filtereddata. Numerical results show the effectiveness. An iterative time-domain algorithm forreconstructing three-dimensional lossy objects using microwave data transmitted and collected bydipole antennas was presented by Zhou et al. [2003a]. Numerical examples showed that thealgorithm can reconstruct simultaneously from noise-free and noisy data the permittivity andconductivity. A new iterative algorithm for the reconstruction of two-dimensional biaxial anisotropic
objects was developed using time-domain scattering data by Takenaka et al. [2001]. All of thecalculations in both the forward and inversion algorithms were carried out efficiently in the time
domain using the finite-difference time-domain method.
Subsurface sensing is one of typical areas which requires powerful inversion technique.
Researches for borehole exploration tools such as borehole radar, which is a radar system used indrilled boreholes, have many similarities to medical imaging engineering, but uses much lower
frequency. Liu et al. [2002] proposed an electromagnetic logging technique based on borehole radar,which can measure the dielectric constant and conductivity of the formation rock simultaneously byradar technology. When multiple boreholes are available, we can measure electromagnetic wave
propagation between two boreholes and tomographic imaging can be applied. However, in general,
location of sensors are strongly limited, and the problem is quite difficult. Zhou et al [2004]
compared travel time tomography and image reconstruction by migration for a subsurface cavity.
The result of tomography indicates that there is an anomalous area, and the result of migration
gave a more accurate position of the cavity. This result shows that borehole radar has a very highresolution, when signal processing is applied properly. A two-step iterative approach for imaging
two-dimensional buried objects by cross-hole radar data in the time domain was proposed by Jia[2002]: the first step is to reduce the search region to a smaller one and the second step is the5accurate reconstruction of the targets in the small region.
Powerful inverse scattering algorithm is possible, only when data sets with high quality isavailable. Especially, recent development of inversion algorithm requires time-domain data andbroad-band signal acquisition. Broad band radar systems have been developed for these purposes,
and they are practically used in Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and UWB applications.
Conventional GPR systems are quasi-monostatic radar systems. Sato [2003b] proposed a new
Bistatic GPR system using a passive optical sensor for landmine detection and applied for landmine
detection [Sato 2003c, 2004b]. This is a compact bistatic radar system, which is suitable forscanning above a ground surface, where possibly landmines are buried. Inaba et al. [2004]
developed a wideband and compact microwave front-end circuit for adaptive plastic landmine
imaging arrays, which is a Ku-band radar system.
Subsurface imaging and characterization of buried objects by radar is quite typical problem on
inverse scattering. Last one decade, studies on landmine detection have been quite, and especiallylast few years this kinds of research gathered interest in Japan. Sato et al. [2004a], have developed
an array GPR system for landmine detection, and array signal processing techniques to reducestrong clutter due to inhomogeneous soil and rough ground surface have been discussed [Sato et al.
2003c]. At the same time, Savelyev et al. [2004] showed deconvolution and feature extraction
algorithms by UWB GPR for landmine detection. Feng, et al., [2004] applied pre-stack migration to
SAR-GPR system for imaging of obliquely buried landmine. Fang, et al. [2002a], simulated GPR
profiles for mine-like targets buried in rough ground surface and showed clutter removal bysimilarity measurement methods. Also, Fang et al. [2003] showed GPR detection of landmine bywavelet transform.
GPR for landmine detection requires very wide frequency operation to achieve very highresolution. This technology has many similarities to UWB for communication. Fang, et al. [2002b]
showed optimization technique of Vivaldi antenna for demining by GPR, and Sato, et al. [2003d],
developed antenna and a stepped-frequency GPR system, and Kobayashi, et al. [2004], showed a
GPR system for landmine detection using an array antenna.
Detection and identification from radar signal is important in landmine detection. Nishimoto etal. have developed high range-resolution radar signatures using a hidden Markov Model[Nishimoto 2003, 2004a-c]. Another approach for identification of buried targets were reported byHara [2004], and Hirose et al. [Hirose et al.204, 2003 a,b]using Complex-valued self-organizing map
dealing with multi-frequency interferometeric data.
Radar Sensing and related techniques can be applied in various aspects of security of a society.
Radar imaging is a promising candidate for the environment measurement of rescue robots.
However, it requires long calculation time to obtain the shape of targets close to antennas by using
conventional algorithms, which cannot be applied to real-time applications. Sakamaoto[2004b]
found a reversible transform between the received signals and the target shapes under a certain
condition, which enables us to estimate target shapes quickly and accurately. Then
Sakamoto[2004d] expanded the fast 2-D imaging algorithm SEABED [2004b] in order to estimate
3-D target shapes. They showed that the proposed algorithm can obtain 3-D image in a short time.
It is indispensable to utilize the phase of signals to obtain high-resolution image, especially for
UWB pulse radars. However, the scattered signal is affected by a phase rotation effect which
depends on the shape of target. Sakamoto[2004e] proposed a phase compensation method by using
the characteristic of received signals. This method enables us to obtain an accurate image
regardless the target shape.
(M. Sato)
B3. Computational Techniques
The Computational Techniques is an important topic area today: Although the number of references cited here
is relatively small, we cannot forget that the great part of research works mentioned in other topic areas are6

supported by recent improvements in numerical computation. Here, the recent progress in the area issummarized with a reference to several important papers published during the last three years.
3.1 Finite-Difference and Finite-Element Methods
Uno et al. [2002] solved the problem of radiation from a dipole antenna placed near a human head phantom
using the finite-difference time-domain (FD-TD) method combined with a surface-impedance boundary condition.
Arima and Uno [2002] and Arima et al. [2002] introduced quasi-static approximation in the FD-TD scheme for alinear and a patch antenna to improve the accuracy of solutions. Arima et al. [2003] and Pongpaibool et al.
[2003] employed the same method in calculating the input impedance of a bent antenna and in solving the
problem of radiation from a short dipole antenna. Uno [2003] published a review paper on antenna design using
the FD-TD method. Kida et al. [2004] proposed an FD-TD scheme to analyze the problem of an obliquely fed
planer antenna.
Mochizuki et al. [2002] examined the proper size of a human head phantom for the standard measurement ofSAR based on FD-TD simulation. Mochizuki et al. [2004] proposed a hybrid formulation combining the methodof moments and the FD-TD for solving Bio-EMC problems.
Yokota and Sugio [2002a, 2002b] applied a multigrid method in the investigation of lightwave propagation in a
2-D optical waveguide.
Kuroda and Kawano [2002] and Kawano et al. [2003] applied the FD-TD method to the problem of a moving
or rotating body. Kawano et al. [2003], Kawano et al. [2004] and Kuroda et al. [2004], employing a body-fitted
grid generation technique, solved the problems of MEMS-based variable devices.
3.2 Integral Equation Methods
Nakashima et al. [2003] and Nakashima and Tateiba [2003a] applied Greengard-Rokhlin’s fast multipole
algorithm in solving the problems of diffraction by many cylinders made of dielectric and perfect conductor.
Nakashima and Tateiba [2003b] employed the algorithm to analyze the problem of conducting sphere andexamined the computational complexity. They used the algorithm for numerical computation of scattering fromrandomly distributed circular cylinders [Nakashima and Tateiba 2003c]. The same authors proposed an
improved Greengard-Rokhlin fast multipole algorithm to reduce computational complexity [Nakashima andTateiba 2004].
Yokota [2004a, 2004b] combined a multigrid method with the method of moments in analyzing the scatteringof a Gaussian beam by a nonlinear and an inhomogeneous dielectric cylinder.
3.3 Modal Expansion Methods
Zinenko et al. [2002] combining the modal expansion and a semi-inversion technique, analyzed the diffraction
by an impedance strip grating.
Okuno et al. [2002], in solving the problem of diffraction by a deep relief grating, employed a combination of
up- and down-going plane waves to extend the range of application of the modal expansion approach. Matsuda
et al. [2002] and Okuno et al. [2004] applied Yasuura’s modal expansion method to investigate plasmon resonanceabsorption.
3.4 Miscellanea
Matsuoka et al. [2003] proposed a dedicated computer to obtain high performance computation in simulation of
microwave devices. The computer copes with finite-difference time-domain (FD-TD) and finite integration
technique (FIT) schemes and achieves terra-flops performance.
(Y. Okuno)
B4. High Frequency Technique
The approximation principle of Physical Optics (PO) has been reviewed in view of diffraction theory[Ando,2003]. Two key error factors are identified for PO, that is, errors in edge diffraction coefficients and fictitious
penetrating rays. Improved methods named PO-AF and PTD-AF are proposed as the methods which suppress thefictitious penetrating rays from PO and PTD respectively. In deep shadow regions of the reflector antennas,
PO-AF and PTD-AF approach to PO-EEC and UTD respectively, while the smooth connection is assured. The
effectiveness is numerically demonstrated for two dimensional scatterers. Novel interpretation of PO is discussed

7

and two mechanisms are identified as the error factors, that is, (1) errors in diffraction coefficients and (2)fictitious penetrating rays [Shijo and Ando, 2003a]. Based upon these observations, new methods named PO-AF
and PTD-AF are proposed which eliminate the fictitious penetrating rays from PO and PTD, respectively. PO and
Aperture Field Integration Method (AFIM) are merged with the help of special elementary diffraction coefficients.
These can uniformly cover whole the angular region and only the error factor (2) is removed in PO-AF while bothof (1) and (2) are removed in PTD-AF [Shijo and Ando, 2003b]. The theoretical backgrounds of PO currents are
discussed in terms of field equivalence theorem and visualization of EM waves. Then new methods are proposed
and their validity is numerically confirmed for 2-D scattering problems of a strip, a corner reflector and circular
arc reflectors.
The visualization of the scattering and diffraction phenomena by PO has been studied to provide the intuitive
understanding of local property of HF diffraction as well as the relations between PO and the ray techniques suchas GTD, UTD etc. [Shijo et al., 2004a], [Shijo et al., 2004b]. PO visualization demonstrates (i) local property of
the high frequency scattering, (ii) defects associated with ray techniques, (iii) PO error factor, fictitious
penetrating rays disturbing the geometrical shadow behind the opaque scatterer. They have been scarcely
recognized if not for visualization, though they disturb the geometrical shadow behind the opaque scatterer andcan be the leading error factors of PO in shadow regions. Finally, visualization is extended to slot antennas withfinite ground planes by hybrid use of modified edge representation (MER) to assess the significance of edge
diffraction. The surface to line integral reduction of PO currents by using Modified Edge Representation (MER)
was empirically proposed for the observer without the Stationary Phase Point (SPP) on the scatterer and was lateron reinforced mathematically. It was shown also that the observer with SPP inside the scatterer surface, the MERline integration around the SPP gave GO terms. These results have been unified to conclude that MER line
integration along the periphery and inner SPP extracts the diffraction and GO components of PO surface integrals,
respectively, irrespective of the observer position [Ando and Rodrigues, 2004].
The local corrections to PO have been considered that the currents only at the critical regions are derived by
MoM after defining PO currents in other regions. Since the unknown currents are assigned not the entire but only
the critical regions, computational load is not increasing so fast with the frequency．The scattering from 2D cornerreflector has been analyzed by this method. It is found that the perturbation to PO is larger at the center corner andthe MoM region should be wider there than in the edge [Goto et al., 2004]. Also a general purpose program forcalculating the edge diffraction from a finite ground plane by MER has been developed [Kosugi et al., 2004]. The
calculated values for the slot arrays are compared to measurements and the improved agreements are confirmed.
A spatio-temporal channel characterization of a suburban non line-of-sight microcellular environment, in which
azimuth-delay profiles obtained by the experiment are compared with ray-tracing simulation, has been reported in[Takada et al., 2002]. The results are statistically treated step by step to extract model parameters in order tocharacterize the spatio-temporal channel. The experimental results are used to improve the accuracy of thesimulation process. A very good agreement between the simulation and the experiment has been obtained, with the
exception of the exponential decay of the delay profile. The results can be directly used to implement thestochastic spatio-temporal channel model, based on the deterministic ray-tracing simulations.
Simulation techniques for the estimation of non specular wave propagation characteristics on the building
surface have been developed in [Budiarto et al., 2004a] and [Budiarto et al., 2004b]. Physical Optics (PO)approximation is performed to approximate equivalent currents and the total fields on the integration surface.
Model of the rectangular microstrip array antenna was scanned spatially to detect multipath wave scattering.
Superresolution method was also applied as an approach to handle the signal parameters (DOA, TOA) of theindividual incoming waves scattered from building surface roughness. The experimental and simulation results ofsignal parameter of arrival waves are compared in order to investigate accuracy of the prediction model. Also, theMethod Of Moments (MOM) analysis of the electromagnetic wave scattering from the 2D rough surface model ofthe building is presented in the mobile communication area [Budiarto and Takada, 2001]. The fluctuation of the
field strength due to the change of the specular reflection point on the surface has been evaluated by the
Nakagami-Rice distribution and the autocorrelation function.The effects of incident angle and frequency are also
clarified.
Novel high-frequency uniform asymptotic solution (extended UTD) for the scattered field by a conducting
circular cylinder has been derived in [Ida and Ishihara, 2004a]. The modified UTD has also been derived from the
new extended Pekeris caret function by applying the residue theorem. The extended UTD and the modified UTD
can be applied in the wide area extending from the transition region near the shadow boundary to the deep shadow
region where the current UTD becomes increasingly inaccurate. The studies on the scattering by the conducting
cylinder have been extended to the scattering problem by an impedance circular cylinder [Ida and Ishihara, 200b].
The novel extended UTD and the modified UTD derived by applying the higher-order asymptotic formulas for thecylindrical functions, can be applied even in the region where the current UTD becomes increasingly inaccurate.
The extended UTD and the modified UTD derived above have also been extended to the scattering problem by adielectric cylinder [Ida and Ishihara, 2004c]. Comparisons with the exact solution calculated from theeigenfunction expansion confirm the validity of the extended UTD and the modified UTD solutions for the
dielectric cylinder.
The new modified UTD for the scattered fields by a dielectric circular cylinder has been derived which is8

applicable in the transition regions near the geometrical boundaries produced by the incident ray on the dielectric
cylinder from the tangential direction [Ida and Ishihara, 2004d], [Ida and Ishihara, 2004e]. Also derived are theuniform geometrical ray solutions applicable near the geometrical boundaries and near the caustics produced by
the ray family reflected on the internal concave boundary of the dielectric cylinder. A time-domain asymptotic
analysis has been discussed for the scattered electromagnetic fields when the cylindrical wave is incident on adielectric cylinder [Ida and Ishihara, 2003]. The Gaussian-type modulated pulse source has been applied. The
time-domain scattered field solutions are applicable in the transition regions near the geometrical boundaries, andnear the caustics. Comparisons of the time-domain asymptotic solution with the reference solution confirm thevalidity of the proposed asymptotic solution.
Diffraction of electromagnetic waves by an aperture in a thin conducting screen has been treated by the aperturefield methods (AFM) [Kawano and Ishihara, 2003]. The new extended Fraunhofer solution applicable in the
Fresnel region and the uniform AFM solution applicable in the transition regions near the geometrical boundaries
have been derived. Also derived are the new criteria for applying the Fraunhofer solution and the non-uniform
asymptotic AFM solution. Comparisons with the reference solutions obtained form the numerical integration andfrom the method of moments reveal the applicable ranges of the various solutions for the diffracted field. Also, thehigh-frequency scattered field by the conducting strip has been obtained by applying the UTD [Kawano andIshihara, 2004]. From the UTD, the two versions of the Keller’s GTD have been derived without applying the“trick” introduced in the paper by Keller. The first version (the second version) is applicable in the region close to(far away from) the conducting strip. Also derived is the novel criterion for applying the GTD. It is shown that, as
the observation point moves far away from the strip in the illuminated region, the geometrical ray appeared in the
UTD is cancelled by the portions of the edge diffracted rays, thereby validating the second version of Keller’s
GTD, which does not include the geometrical ray term. The validity and applicable range of the GTD and the
UTD are confirmed by comparing with the reference solution calculated from the method of moments.

(T. Ishihara)

B5. Transient Fields
The analysis of transient scattering has been of great interest in conjunction with ultra-wideband and ultra-shortpulse technologies and their applications. The research has progressed in fundamental theory of transientphenomena, analytical and numerical techniques for transient analysis, and joint time-frequency analysis of
scattering data. It is noted that this summary is based on the papers submitted to the topic area "Transient Fields"from researchers. There are many other papers that are closely related to this area and they can easily be found insummaries of other topic areas.
5.1 General Theory
Yoshida [2003, 2004] simulated rotational and divergent components of near fields around changing charges
using the condensed node Spatial Network Method (SNM) for vector and scalar potential fields, and investigated
the fundamental properties of the near fields around changing charges.
5.2 Scattering and Diffraction
Nishimoto et al. [2001] analyzed scattering responses from a dielectric sphere in the time-frequency domain byusing two types of wavelet transform in order to reveal the scattering mechanism. In the resulting time-frequency
display, various scattering processes including reflection, refraction, and diffraction were clearly resolved andidentified. Nishimoto et al. [2004] also analyzed electromagnetic pulse responses from multi-layered plasma
media in time-frequency domain by using the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and investigated the scattering
mechanism of electromagnetic waves in plasma media.
5.3 Guided Waves and Propagation
Shimoda et al. [2002, 2003] analyzed transient phenomena of electromagnetic waves caused by a timedependent resistive screen in a waveguide. In this work, the Wiener-Hopf technique was employed in theformulation of the problem and closed form expressions of transient fields were obtained. Numerical results were
given for some typical cases and propagation characteristics of the transient waves for sudden and gradual changeof the resistivity of the screen were investigated.

9

5.4 Numerical Techniques
Kawaguchi [2003] presented a formulation of time domain boundary element method (TDBEM) for highfrequency electromagnetic fields and applied it to some practical problems. The formulation is suitable for solving
time-domain boundary integral equations and can give stable numerical solutions. As numerical examples,
simulation results of wake fields in high-energy particle accelerator were shown.
(M. Nishimoto)
B6. Wave in random, inhomogeneous, nonlinear and complex media
6.1 Wave propagation and scattering in random media
By use of a dense medium radiative transfer equation (DMRT), Tateiba and Matsuoka [2002]
deal with the scattering from a layer, in which spherical lossy particles are randomly distributed.
By four different multiple scattering theories, they estimated the parameters of DMRT, whichlargely affect the scattering cross section. Next, the backscattering from moisture soil is studied for
detecting water content of soil. Regarding moisture soil as a dense random medium, Matsuoka andTateiba [2002] calculated the backscattering cross section for both vertical and horizontal
polarizations of incidence by DMRT, where the effective dielectric constant is obtained from amultiple scattering theory proposed previously by Tateiba. Two and three layer random media are
introduced for modeling the inhomogeneous water distribution in soil in the depth direction[Matsuoka and Tateiba, 2003a; 2003b]. Then, the backscattering cross section is calculated against
the fractional volume of water and against frequency [Matsuoka and Tateiba, 2004],
On the other hand, Tamura and Nakayama [2004] deal with the two-dimensional problem of
scattering from a thin random film with one-dimensional disorder, which is anisotropic in statisticalsense. Statistical properties of the scattering are calculated by use of the multiple renormalized
mass operator.
6.2 Environmental propagation
Wave scattering from a conducting body surrounded by continuous random media is studied byuse of a current generator and an approximate solution for the fourth moment of Green's function in
random media. For both E-wave and H-wave incidence, the backscattering cross sections of aconducting circular cylinder and concave-convex cylinder with a concavity index is calculated as afunction of target size, concavity index, and the spatial coherence length of incident wave [Ocla andTateiba, 2002; 2003a;2003b;2004a;2004b]. From various numerical results, it was concluded thatthe enhancement of radar cross section becomes two when the target size is much smaller or larger
than the spatial coherence length of incident wave. However, the enhancement of radar crosssection oscillates irregularly close to two when the target size is comparable with the spatial
coherence length of incident wave.
However, discussions were extended from the mono-static radar cross section to the bi-static crosssection by use of the same method [Tateiba and Meng, 2001; Meng and Tateiba, 2004a]. Fromnumerical calculations for a conductive cylinder target, the backscattering enhancement is shown
to become weak and to disappear when the intensity of fluctuation of random media increases. They
also analyzed the effect of scale size of the random media. It is then reported that a twin depression
appears at the both side of the backscattering enhancement peak in the angular distribution andthe scattering enhancement may occur not only in the backward direction but also in otherdirections [Meng and Tateiba, 2004b]. The bi-static cross section is also calculated for aconvex-concave target in random media [Tateiba et al., 2002a; 2002b; 2004]. At a specificconfiguration of the target, a large enhancement is reported in H-wave case [Tateiba, 2004].
On the other hand, Ocla and Tateiba [2003c] propose an indirect method estimating the radar-cross10

section of a conductive target in random media, where the random wave incident on a conductive
target is replaced with a Gaussian beam with a beam width equal to the spatial coherent length of
the random incident wave.
6.3 Rough surface scattering
By use of FVTD method and the Pierson-Moskowitz spectral model, Yoon et al. [2002] analyzed
numerically the electromagnetic wave scattering from ocean-like lossy dielectric rough surface,where the scattering cross section for a low grazing angle of incidence is obtained successfully. On
the other hand, Tamura and Nakayama [2003] studied a plane wave reflection from a flat surface,of which position is randomly distributed in the normal direction. A new mathematical formula
expanding the reflection coefficient into Hermite polynomials is presented. The wave scatteringfrom a finite periodic surface was studied on the basis of the periodic Fourier transform, where thescattered wave with a continuous spectrum is regarded as a sum of diffraction beams with discrete
index of diffraction order [Nakayama and Tsuji, 2002]. Numerical examples of diffraction beam
power are obtained against the angle of incidence for a sinusoidal rough surface [Nakayama andKitada, 2003].
From optical speckle patterns observed for several disorder materials such as paper and ceramic
surface, the probability distribution of scattering intensities was found to be a Laplace distribution
even in the backscattering direction [Murakami and Nakayama, 2003],
6.4 Chiral media
Asai et al. [2004] give a review on natural and artificial chiral media, where electromagnetic
wave propagation and several engineering applications are discussed.
However, wave propagation in a discrete random media containing randomly distributed chiralspheres is analyzed. Assuming a randomly deformed periodic array of chiral spheres and using
the multiple scattering theory, Nanbu et al. [2002a] obtain the effective constitutive parameters,
which are compared with those from the Maxwell-Garnett method. For several combined values ofdielectric constants and chirality of spheres, the effective dielectric constant and the effective
chirality are calculated against the volume fraction of spheres [Nanbu et al., 2002b; 2002c; 2004a;
2004b]. It is then found that the imaginary parts of effective dielectric constant and effective
chirality become maximal when the volume fraction is about 0.1 or 0.2.
On the other hand, Ochi et al. [2004] deal with the wave propagation in composite random media,
which consist of randomly and sparsely distributed sets of identical aggregate spheres. Each set ofaggregate spheres is made up of two kind of spherical particles, dielectric or chiral particle. By useof T-matrix of a sphere, the effective propagation constants are estimated for left- and right-handed
polarizations.
(J. Nakayama)
B7. Guided Waves
7.1 Guided Wave Theory
A high permittivity LSE-NRD guide has been proposed for a new type of millimeter-wave
antenna application [Kuroki, F. et al., 2003a], and various types of comb lines have been employed
for filter applications: a dual-plane comb line [Kitamura, K. et al., 2002, and Suizu, S. et al., 2003],
a folded comb line [Yoshisha, K. et al., 2003a, Kitamura, T. et al., 2003, and Ochiai, N. et al., 2004],
and a comb line with coupling windows or composite resonators[Kikuchi, K. et al., 2003 and Yoshida,
K. et al., 2003b].
The dispersion behavior on modified microstrip lines has been also investigated[Murata, M., et al., 2003, and Tsuji, M. and H. Shigesawa, 2004].
Furthermore, a quasi-leaky
mode has been discovered on slot line and conductor-backed coplanar strips [Tsuji, M. et al., 2002a].

11

7.2 Non Planar Waveguides
Reflector grating in a metallic rectangular waveguide has been investigated from points of metal
loss and compactness [Kondoh, S. et. al., 2003, and 2004].
An efficient analysis of lossy
discontinuities in waveguide has been proposed by Shiraishi, T. et al. [2002, 2003a, and 2003b], andan rigorous analysis using Fourier transform technique has been applied to a rectangular
waveguide coupler [Jia, H., et al., 2004a] and rectangular groove waveguides [Jia, H,. et al., 2004b].
Stub-loaded ridge waveguide of single-mode operation has been also investigated for leaky-wave
antenna application [M. Tsuji, et al., 2004].
Furthermore nonlinear propagation characteristics
have been analyzed for various waves interacting with electron beam [Hirata, A. et al., 2002a and2002b, Shiozawa, T., et al., 2002], and hollow ferrite waveguides have been investigated by
Tsutsumi M. and K. Okubo[2002, 2003].
7.3 Planar and Quasi-Planar Waveguides
Various types of left-handed transmission lines have been proposed and its applications havebeen investigated [Caloz, C. et al., 2003a, 2003b, and 2004, and Sanada, A., et al., 2004a, 2004b, and2004c].
Cylindrical coplanar waveguides with finite metallization thickness have been analyzed
by extended spectral domain approach [Yamamoto, H. et al., 2004], and a YIG film microstrip line ina nonuniform bias magnetic field has been done by the FDTD method [Okubo, K. et al., 2001].
Tapered microstrip lines [Tsuji, M. et al., 2002b] and a CPW with a patch of conductor [Watanabe,S., et al., 2003] have been employed for filter applications. Furthermore, leaky-wave properties ofplanar-circuit transmission lines have been deeply investigated in the millimeter-wave region[Shigesawa, H. and M. Tsuji, 2001 and 2002] and existence of quasi leaky modes has been verified
experimentally [Tsuji, M. and H. Shigesawa, 2003].
7.4 Dielectric and Optical Waveguides
Nonlinear optical waveguides or fibers have been analyzed by various methods: full-vector
finite-element beam propagation method [Fujisawa, T. and M. Koshiba, 2002], full-vector finite
element method [Fujisawa, T. and M. Koshiba, 2003], frequency-domain finite element method[Fujisawa, T. and M. Koshiba, 2004a], and time-domain beam propagation method [Fujisawa, T.
and M. Koshiba, 2004b]. Koshiba M. et al., have deeply investigated characteristics of several
types of fibers: photonic crystal fibers [Koshiba, M. and K. Saitoh, 2001, Saitoh, K. and M. Koshiba,
2002, and Saitoh, K. et al., 2003 and 2004b], holey fibers [Koshiba, M. and K. Saitoh, 2003a, 2003b,
2003c, and 2004], air-core photonic bandgap fibers [Saitoh, K. and M. Koshiba, 2003, and Saitoh, K.
et al., 2004a], and hollow Bragg fibers [Skorobogatiy, M. et al., 2004a and 2004b].
Perfectly matched layers used in finite element methods have been developed for analyzing
optical-waveguide discontinuities [Saitoh, K. and M. Koshiba, 2001, Tsuji, Y. and M. Koshiba, 2003,
and Kono, N. et al., 2004a].
Finite element methods have been applied to extraction of coupling
coefficients in natural, single-phase, unidirectional SAW transducers [Hasegawa, K. et al., 2001]
and to nonreciprocal magnet-photonic crystal waveguides [Kono, N. and Y. Tsuji, 2004b], and also
the beam propagation methods have been used for analyzing second harmonic generation [Tsuji, Y.
and M. Koshiba, 2001] and photonic crystal waveguide couplers [Koshiba, M. 2001].
Variousphotonic crystal waveguides have been investigated by Iida, Y., et al. [Iida, Y. et al., 2003a,
Kinoshita, T., et al., 2003, and Ogawa, Y. et al., 2004], and Yasumoto, K. et al. [Yasumoto, K. and H.
Jia, 2003 and 2004, Yasumoto, K. et al., 2004].
Kuroki, F. et al. have developed various millimeter-wave devices based on NRD guide [2003b, 2004b,
and 2004c] and also coupled-HNRD-guide directional couplers with flat coupling have been
proposed [Kishihara, M. et al., 2003]. Nanometric optical circuits based on surface plasmon
polariton gap-waveguides have been investigated by Tanaka, K. and M. Tanaka [2003a and 2003b]
and 2D photonic crystal waveguide with uni-axial anisotropy or chiral medium have been analyzed

12

by Satoh. H. et al. [2003 and 2004].
Branch circuits and all-optical logic gates using optical nonlinear waveguide have been investigatedby Yabu, T. et al. [2002a, 2002b, 2002c, and 2004].
Furthermore, Fourier series expansion
methods have been developed for analyzing inset dielectric guides [Jia, H. et al., 2001], and opticalwaveguides with periodical structure [Miyamoto, T. et al., 2003, and Momoda, M., et al., 2004b].
7.5 Resonant Modes
Zeroth-order resonance in transmission line resonators with left-handed media have been
investigated by Sanada, A. et al [2003a and 2004b] and also dielectric resonators based on artificial
dielectrics have been applied to bandpass filter [Awai, I. et al., 2002 and 2003b, Kubo, H. et al., 2004,
and Munir, A. et al., 2004].
Resonant characteristics have been investigated forhigh-temperature superconducting coplanar waveuigde stepped-impedance resonators [Sanada, A.
et al., 2003b] and unloaded Q in image resonator has been improved due to shift of electromagnetic
field distribution [Kubo. H. et al., 2003].
NRD ring resonators have been applied to channel dropping filters and duplexers at 60 GHz[Kuroki, F. et al., 2003c and 2004a].
Whispering-gallery modes of a dielectric disk in the
millimeter-wave region have been used for complex permittivity measurement [Tamura, H. et al.,2003a and 2003b] and bandpass filter [Sato, Y., et al., 2003 and 2004], and resonance characteristics
of such modes on an elliptical disk have been also analyzed [Matsubara, M., 2004]. Furthermore
leaky wave in a dielectric ring resonator has been analyzed by the finite element method [Hirayama,
K. et al., 2002].
In optical region, 2-D photonic crystal resonant cavities has been analyzed by a finite-element
time-domain method [Rodriguez-Esquerre, V. F. et al., 2004] and a ring resonator with sharp
U-turns using an SOI-based photonic crystal waveguide has been investigated [Iida, Y., et al.,2003b].
7.6 Miscellaneous
Broadband lossy conductor wall processing has been introduced for calculation of transmission
characteristics [Tanaka, M. et al., 2003a and 2003b] and novel measurement method for dielectric
properties of high permittivity materials has been developed in microwave region [Wakino, K. et al.,2004, and Kumagai, S. et al., 2004].
(M. Tsuji)
B8. Antennas
8.1 Antenna Theory
Hirokawa [2003b] proposed full double-layer configuration using rectangular waveguides of
Butler matrix, where the hybrids are used with broad-wall slot coupling and the layers are changed
only at places for the phase shifters. Hirano [2003a] designed an 8-element array of a waveguidecrossed-slot with matching slots based upon the MoM with numerical eigenmode basis functions.
Sudo [2004b] has been analyzed a full model structure of CA-RLSA with feeder by MoM. And, Inoue[2003c] investigated a design method of CP-DRA (Circularly Polarized Dielectric Resonator
Antenna) made of a cuboidal dielectric and a single feeding probe located outside.
8.2 Antenna Elements
Various types of elements were developed, studied and designed in order to achieve the demands
for the practical systems or to improve the antenna characteristics.
Kawai, H. and Ito, K. [2004b] proposed the simple evaluation method of estimating local average
specific absorption rate (SAR) for the some wire antennas near phantom, such as a half-wave dipole
antenna, monopole antenna mounted on a metal box, and so on. As for the thin microwave antenna,13

Saito, K. et al. [2004g] confirmed the heating characteristics of the coaxial-slot antenna with twoslots from a viewpoint of clinical use, and introduced the results of two clinical trials.
Two-arm spiral antennas which printed on a finite-size dielectric substrate was analyzed
numerically by Nakano, H. et al. [2002a]. Since, in reality, the size of the dielectric substrate is
finite, it is important scheme that one can obtain the effects of the finite size on the radiation
characteristics.
A novel design method was proposed to attain low cross-polarization in dual-polarized patch
antennas by Takahashi, T. et al. [2003]. The proposed one is to perturb the feed points to the certain
directions, which is very simple and requires no special feeding networks.
Taguchi, M. et al. [2004b] analyzed the resistance-loaded planar monopole antenna located within arectangular parallelepiped cavity for impulse radar. This antenna is capable to operate overbroadband.
Takano, T. and Thumvichit, A. [2004] proposed a dipole antenna in the proximity of PEC platewith high gain and being matched by the offset feeding.
8.3 Arrays and Phased Arrays
In addition to traditional type of arrays, modern arrays such as active antenna arrays, switchingarrays and adaptive arrays have been presented and discussed. And, some DOA estimation
algorithms are proposed.
Since phased array antenna needs many phase shifters, high cost is significant problem. Then,
Sakakibara, K. [2003a] propose feeding circuit of wave guide antenna to produce beam scanning
function by using only one phase shifter with four slotted waveguide linear array antennas. Highefficiency and low cost planar waveguide arrays have been proposed and developed by using fourkinds of single-layer waveguides by Ando, M. [2004]. Among the four, alternating phase fed arrays
are recently applied for commercial fixed wireless access(FWA), where the cost and the size of thewireless terminals are drastically reduced to 1/10 and 1/5. Takemura, N. et al.[2002] propose an
improved Rotating-element Electric-field Vector (REV) method taking into account amplitude andphase error of phase shifters, in order to achieve more precise calibration for phased array antennas.
A gigantic antenna aboard a Space Solar Power System (SSPS) satellite, or a space-tenna is one of
the most challenging devices to build. Takano, T. et al. [2004e] describe the requirements for aspace-tenna from a SSPS, and system considerations for the configuration of space-tennas.
In the OFDM systems, Hori, S. et al. [2002] propose the MMSE adaptive array utilizing GI(Guard Interval). The blind adaptive arrays can allow signal extraction to be performed in many
applications where it is impractical or impossible to provide knowledge on the desired signal.
Kikuma, N. et al. [2003b] improve the Cross-SCORE (Spectral Self-Coherence Restoral) algorithm,
which is one of the blind adaptive algorithms, by using multiple cyclostationaly properties of thedesired signal. Ichikawa, Y. [2002a] propose the ST-SPE (Space-temporal Simultaneous Processing
Equalizer) that can reduce the computational complexity. Suksmono et al. [2004] propose acomplex-valued multilayer perceptron (CVMLP) neural network for adaptive beam forming. He
demonstrates that the beamforming by using CVMLP outperform beamforming using
complex-valued least mean square (CLMS) algorithm in terms of faster learning and betterinterference suppressions. An adaptive array antenna for the suppression of high-powerinterference in direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA) systems is presented by
Kihira et al.[2003a] . In an SLC (Sidelobe Canceller) for radar system, Hirata, K. et al. [2004] showthat the SLC with large interval of auxiliary antennas needs two more auxiliary antennas than thenumber of interference waves. And, the arrangement method of auxiliary antennas is alsopresented by them.
About the DOA estimation algorithm, Zainun et al. [2004] propose the recusive unitary MUSIC to
improve the computation efficiency toward real-time DOA estimation. Hirata, A. et al. [2003]14

propose the DOA estimation algorithm of ultra-wideband EM waves with MUSIC andinterferometry. ESPRIT that is well know as the DOA estimation algorithm is also studied by
Inagaki, Y. et al.[2004]. They improve the cyclic ESPLIT by using the noise subspace.
8.4 Reflector and Lens Antennas
A large deployable antenna, which is formed in the tensioned truss concept, with 10 m maximum
diameter was developed, and successfully launched and deployed in space in 1997 to be used forspace VLBI mission. Electrical design of it and the verification method of electrical characteristics
were described by Takano, T. et al. [2004].
8.5 Radomes, Periodic Structures and Gratings
Kuroda, S. et al.[2004a] propose the simple and efficient analysis method based on the shooting
and bouncing rays (SBR) method in order to evaluate effects of multi-reflection inside a radome. By
comparing with the experimental results, they verify the proposed analysis method. Inasawa, Y. etal.[2004] propose a novel method to reduce undesired scattered waves and higher order sidelobes
from the connection parts of the large sandwich radomes. The scattering characteristics of theradome seams are simplified by using physical optics technique with some corrections. This method
achieves the fast computation that is appropriate for iterative optimization.
Sorwar Hossain, M. G. et al.[2004b] propose a novel technique for grating lobe suppression intransverse slot array by making use of parasitic strip dipoles. This technique does not require achange in the interior design of the waveguide to suppress the grating lobes. Yamamoto, Y. etal.[2004] propose a narrow wall slotted waveguide array antenna using post in order to prevent
gain reduction due to the grating lobes.
8.6 Antenna Measurement
Fukasawa, T. et al. [2003a] proposed an accurate measurement method for radiation and
impedance characteristics of an antenna on a portable telephone. In order to remove the undesired
influence of the coaxial cables, this measurement is characterized by using the fiber optics for feed
instead of coaxial cables.
As for the large reflector antenna deployed in space, Takano, T. et al. [2001] was described themeasurement methods of the large radio astronomy antenna on Halca satellite.
8.7 Horns and Feeds
It is worthy of note that novel components suitable for the application in millimeter-wave band
have been reported. A planar feeding circuit exciting a rotating mode in a parallel-plate waveguide
was proposed by Jin, R. et al. [2001]. Cost-effective 60GHz-band transmitter and receiver modules
were presented by Nakano, H. et al. [2003a]. A thin and planar 70GHz-band waveguide circuitcomposed of a microstrip line to waveguide transition and a waveguide E-plane corner without
matching elements was reported by Sakakibara, K. [2003b]. Moreover, a feeding structure throughan aperture to a post-wall waveguide designed in V-band was proposed by Kai, T. et al. [2004].
8.8 Microstrip Elements and Arrays
A stacked square microstrip antenna with a shorting post was proposed as a car application for aroad-vehicle communications system by Fujimoto, T. et al. [2004a]. Although its size is muchsmaller than that of the conventional rectangular microstrip antenna, effective results are obtained
for the radiation performances.
Simple satellite-tracking stacked patch array antenna for mobile satellite communications has beenpresented by Delaune et al. [2004]. By using a simple left-handed circularly polarized four-element
stacked patch array antenna, high gain at low elevation angle is capable. The characteristics of thisantenna are confirmed by the two numerical methods (the method of moments and the finite

15

element method) and by measurements.
Nishimoto, K. et al [2004a] presented the cross polarization characteristics in the tilted plane fordual-polarized patch antennas. The optimum substrate permittivity in order to achieve low
cross-polarization was obtained analytically and validated by the FDTD simulations and theexperiments.
(S. Makino)

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problem,” Proc. 2004 Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS 2004), pp. 863-866,
March.
Kuryliak D. B., K. Kobayashi, S. Koshikawa, and Z. T. Nazarchuk ,[2004b] “ Rigorous techniques forsolution of wave diffraction problems by conical screens field patterns analysis,”
Proc. 2004 Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS 2004), pp. 867-869, March.

17

Kuryliak D. B., K. Kobayashi, S. Koshikawa, and Z. T. Nazarchuk ,[2004c] “ Wiener-Hopf analysis of
the electromagnetic waves radiation from a circular waveguide cavity with an impedance
termination: vector diffraction problem,”Proc. 2004 International Conference in Mathematical Methods in Electromagnetic Theory(MMET*04), pp. 251-253, September.
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Miyamoto T, Momoda M., and Yasumoto K., [2003] “ Numercial Analysis for 3-Dimensional Optical
Waveguides with Periodic Structure Using Fourier Series Expansion Method,”
Trans. IEICE, vol.J86-C, 6, pp. 591-600 (in Japanese).
Murasaki T.,[2002] “ Transformation of the Physical Optics Integral to the Boundary Integral and
Its Application to Metal Scattering Problems ,“Trans. IEICE, vol.J85-C, 4, pp. 227-233 (in Japanese).
Ohnuki S. and T. Hinata ,[2003] “ RCS of Material Partially Loaded Parallel Plate Waveguide
Cavities,”
IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. vol. 51, no. 2,pp. 337-344, February.
Sekiguchi H., H. Shirai, and S. Ryoichi ,[2003] “ A Study of the Crack Depth Estimation on a
Conducting Surface,”
IEEJ Trans. FM, vol. 122,12, pp. 1011-1016 (in Japanese).
Shirai H., and H. Sekiguchi , [2004] “ A simple crack depth estimation method from backscattering
response, ”IEEE Trans. Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 53, no.4, pp. 1249-1254, August.
Shimoda M., R. Iwaki, and M. Miyoshi ,[2004] “ Scattering of an Electromagnetic Plane Wave by aPlane with Local Change of Surface Impedance,”
IEICE Trans. Electron., vol.E87-C, 1, pp. 44-51.
Tanaka K, M. Yan and M. Tanaka ,[2003a] “ A simulation of near-field optics: Optical waves throughan aperture in 3D thick metallic screen by volume integral equation method ,”IEEJ Trans. FM,A-123,No.3, pp. 233-238.
Tanaka K. and M. Tanaka ,[2003b] “ Simulation of an aperture in the thick metallic screen thatgives highintensity and small spot size using surface plasmon polariton ,”Journal of Microscopy, 210, Pt 3,June, pp.294-300.
Tanaka K. and M. Tanaka ,[2004a] “ Analysis and numerical computation of diffraction of an opticalfield by a sub wavelength-size aperture in a thick metallic screen by use of a volume integral
equation ,” Applied Optics, Vol.43,No.8/10,March, pp.1734-1746.
Tanaka K. and M. Tanaka ,[2004b] “ Optimized computer-aided design of I-shaped subwavelength
aperture for high intensity and small spot size ,”18

Optics Communications 233,pp.231-244.
Tanaka K. and M. Tanaka ,[2004c] “ Simulation of confined and enhanced optical near-fields for an
I-shaped aperture in a pyramidal structure on a thick metallic screen ,”Journal of Applied Physics, Vol.95, No.7,pp.3765-3771.
Tanaka K. and M. Tanaka ,[2004d] “ Simulation of confined and enhanced optical near-fields for along narrowaperture in a pyramidal structure on a thick metallic screen ,”Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Vol.21, December, pp.2344-2352.
Tokumaru S. , [2002] “ On Optical Ray Fields,”
Trans. IEICE, vol.J85-C, 3, pp. 134-140 (in Japanese).
Tokumaru S. , [2003a] “ On Polarization of the Poynting Flux,”
Trans. IEICE, vol.J86-C, 1, pp. 32-41 (in Japanese).
Tokumaru S. , [2003b] “ On E-Type/H-Type Guided Wave Fields,”
Trans. IEICE, vol.J86-C, 2, pp. 122-129 (in Japanese).
Toyama H. , T. Iwasaki, and K. Yasumoto ,[2003] “ Electromagnetic scattering from a dielectric
cylinder with multiple eccentric cylindrical inclusions,”
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. PIER 40, pp. 113-129.
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Wakabayashi H., J. Yamakita, M. Asai, and H. Inai , [2004] “ Availability of Resistive Boundary
Condition for Thin Metallic Gratings Placed in Conical Mounting ,”IEICE Trans. Electron., vol.E87-C, 9, pp. 1560-1567.
Watanabe K. ,[2003] ” Fast converging formulation of differential theory for nonsmooth gratings
made of anisotropic
Materials, “ Radio Scienc, Vol.38,No.2,pp.VIC 2-1〜8.
Yamasaki T., T. Hinata, and T. Hosono ,[2002] “ Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves by Columnar
Dielectric Gratings with Elliptically Layered Media,”
IEEJ Trans. FM, Vol. 122, No. 1, pp.28-33.
Yamasaki T., T. Hinata and T. Hosono ,[2004] “ Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves by
Inhomogeneous Dielectric Gratings with Perfectly Conducting Strip,”
Proceeding of 2004 URSI International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory, Vol.2, pp.1005-1007,
May.
Yasumoto K. and H. Jia ,[2003] “ Electromagnetic scattering and absorption by periodic arrays oflossy circular cylinders
embedded in a dielectric slab,”
Proceedings of 2003 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, Vol.1, pp.237-240. Nov.

19

Yasumoto K. and H. Jia , [2004a] “ Electromagnetic scattering from multilayered crossed-arrays ofcircular cylinders,”
Proceedings of SPIE – The International Society for Optical Engineering, v 5445, Microwave andOptical Technology
2003, pp 200-205.
Yasumoto K. ,[2004b] “ Modeling of electromagnetic crystals by multilayered periodic arrays ofcircular cylinders,”
Proceeding of Asia-Pacific Radio Science Conference, pp.18-21, Aug.
Yasumoto K. , H. Toyama, and T. Kushta,[2004c] “ Accurate analysis of two-dimensional
electromagnetic scattering from multilayered periodic arrays of circular cylinders using latticesums technique,”IEEE transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 52, No.10, pp.2603-2611, Oct.
Yokota M. and M. Kai ,[2002a] “ Scattered Near Field of a Hermite-Gaussian Beam Wave by a
Chiral Cylinder ,”IEEJ Trans. FM, Vol.122, No.12, pp.1025-1030 (in Japanese).
Yokota M. and M. Kinoshita ,[2002b] “ Scattering of a Hermite-Gaussian Beam by two Chiral
Cylinders ,”The XXVII General Assembly of URSI 2002 , Maastricht, Netherlands, Bp,pp.13-16.
Akimoto, H., M. Takahashi, T. Uno, and T. Arai [2004], "Fundamental study for locating near-field
electromagnetics emissional sources using the MUSIC algorithm and its application to PCB," Trans.
IEICE, vol.J87-B, No.9, 1434-1441 (in Japanese)
Fang, G., and M. Sato [2002a], "Simulation of GPR Profiles for Mine-Like Targets Buried in RoughGround Surface and Clutter Removal by Similarity Measurement Methods," Proceedings of 2002
Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, 249-252
Fang, G., and M. Sato [2002b], "Optimization of Vivaldi antenna for demining by GPR," Proceedingsof the 2002 Interim International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, 263-266
Fang, G., and M. Sato [2003], "GPR Detection of Landmine by Wavelet Transform," Proceedings of
the 6th SEGJ International Symposium-Imaging Technology, 449-454
Feng, X., and M. Sato [2004], "The application of pre-stack migration to SAR-GPR system for
imaging of obliquely buried landmine," Defense & Security Symposium, Orlando, USA
Hara, T., and A. Hirose [2004], "Plastic mine detecting radar system using complex-valued
self-organizing map that deals with multiple-frequency interferometric images," Neural Networks,
vol.17, 8-9, pp.1201-1210
Hayashi, K., T. Tanaka, T. Takenaka, and H. Zhou [2004], "Filtered forward-backward
time-stepping method applied to borehole radar imaging," Proc. URSI Int. Symp. on
Electromagnetic Theory, pp.804-806
Hirose, A., and M. Minami [2001], "Complex-valued region-based-coupling image clustering neural

20networks for interferometric radar image processing," IEICE Trans. Electronics, vol.E84-C, 12,
pp.1932-1938
Hirose, A., and T. Hara [2003a], "Complex-valued self-organizing map: A framework of adaptive
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International Symposium on Systems & Human Science, pp.333-338
Hirose, A., and T. Hara [2003b], "Complex-valued self-organizing map dealing with multi-frequency
interferometeric data for radar imaging systems," 2003 International Workshop on Self-Organizing
Map, pp.255-260
Hirose, A. [2004], "The super brain electronics: applications to soft-processing radar systems,"(Invited) 2004 International Conference on Fuzzy Systems & Innovational Computing, pp.213-218
Inaba, T., T. Hara, and A. Hirose [2004], "Wideband and compact microwave front-end circuit foradaptive plastic landmine imaging arrays," 2004 International Symposium on Antennas andPropagation, pp.517-520
Ishida, K., and M. Tateiba [2004a], "An approach to the inverse scattering problem using a series
expansion of T-operator," Proc. 200.1 URSI International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory,
pp. 912-914
Ishida, K., and M. Tateiba [2004b], "The inverse scattering based on the reconstruction of extended
T-matrix elements unmeasured directly from scattered waves," Proc. 2004 International
Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, pp. 603-596
Jia, H., T. Takenaka, and T. Tanaka [2002], "Time-domain inverse scattering method forcross-borehole radar imaging," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol.40, 7, pp.1640-1647
Kimura, K., Y. Yamaguchi, and H. Yamada [2003], "Pi-SAR image analysis using polarimetricscattering parameters and total power," Proc. of IEEE IGARSS 2003, CR-ROM, 21-25
Kimura, K., Y. Yamaguchi, and H. Yamada [2004a], "Unsupervised land classification using H/ /TP
space applied to POLSAR image analysis," IEICE Trans. Commun., vol.E87-B, no.6, pp.1639-1647
Kimura, K., Y. Yamaguchi, and H. Yamada [2004b], "Circular polarization correlation coefficient for
detection of non-natural targets aligned not parallel to SAR flight path in the X-band POLSAR
image analysis," IEICE Trans. Commun., vol.E87-B, no.10, pp.3050-3056
Liu, S., and M. Sato [2002], "Electromagnetic Logging Technique Based on Borehole Radar," IEEE
Trans. Geoscience & Remote Sensing, vol.40, no.9, 2083-2092
Minami, M., and A. Hirose [2003], "Phase singular points reduction by a layered complex-valued
neural network in combination with constructive Fourier synthesis," Proc. 2003 International
Conference on Artificial Neural Networks / International Conference on Neural Information
Processing, pp.943-950
Miwa, T., and I. Arai [2004a], "Application of MUSIC algorithm to localization of cylindrical targets

21

using cross borehole radar measurement," IEICE Trans. Commun., vol.E87-B, no.4, pp.975-983
Miwa, T., and I. Arai [2004b], "Super-resolution imaging for point reflectors near transmitting andreceiving array," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, vol.52, no.1, pp.220-229
Moriyama, T., Y. Yamaguchi, S. Uratsuka, T. Umehara, H. Maeno, M. Satake, A. Nadai, and K.
Nakamura [2004], "A study on polarimetric correlation coefficient for feature extraction ofpolarimetric SAR data," Proc. of ISAP2004, 4C3-2 on CD-ROM
Murase, M., Y. Yamaguchi, and H. Yamada [2001], "Polarimetric correlation coefficient applied totree classification," IEICE Trans. Commun., vol.E84-B, no.12, pp.1835-1840
Nishimoto, M., and K. Shimo [2003], "Detection and Classification of Landmines Using GPR
Signatures," Proceedings of the International Symposium on System & Human Science, pp.284-289
Nishimoto, M., X. Liao, and L. Carin [2004a], "Target Identification from Multi-Aspect High
Range-Resolution Radar Signatures Using a Hidden Markov Model," IEICE Transactions on
Electronics, Vol.E87-C, No.10, pp.1706-1714
Nishimoto, M., K. Shimo, and H. Ikuno [2004b], "Detection of Shallowly Buried Landmines form
Ground Penetrating Radar Signals," Proceedings of the 2004 URSI Electromagnetic Theory
Symposium, Vol.1, pp.212-214
Nishimoto, M., and K. Shimo [2004c], "A Method for Detecting Shallowly Buried Landmines Using
GPR Signatures," Proceedings of the International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation,
2D2-2
Sakamoto, T., and T. Sato [2003], "An estimation method of target location and scattered waveforms
for UWB pulse radar systems," Proc. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing
Symposium, pp.4013-4015
Sakamoto, T., and T. Sato [2004a], ''An estimation algorithm of target location and scatteredwaveforms for UWB pulse radar systems,'' IEICE Trans. on Commun., Vol.E87-B, No.6,
pp.1631-1638
Sakamoto, T., and T. Sato [2004b], ''A target shape estimation algorithm for pulse radar systems
based on boundary scattering transform,'' IEICE Trans. on Commun., Vol.E87-B, No.5,
pp.1357-1365
Sakamoto, T., and T. Sato [2004c], ''Fast imaging of a target in inhomogeneous media for pulse
radar systems,''
Proc. 2004 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vol.3, pp.2070-2073
Sakamoto, T., and T. Sato [2004d], ''A fast algorithm of 3-dimensional imaging for pulse radarsystems,''
Proc. 2004 IEEE AP-S International Symposium and USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting,
Vol.2, pp. 2099-2102
Sakamoto, T., and T. Sato [2004e], ''A phase compensation algorithm for high-resolution pulse radar22systems,''
Proc. 2004 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, pp.585-588
Sato, K., H. Yamada, and Y. Yamaguchi [2003a], "Advantage of the ESPRIT method in PolarimetricInterferometry for Forest Analysis," IEICE Trans. Commun., vol.E86-B, no.5, pp.1666-1672
Sato, M. [2003b], "A new Bistatic GPR system using a passive optical sensor for landmine
detection," Proc. of 2nd Int. WS on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar, Delft, Netherlands,
164-167
Sato, M. [2003c], "Bistatic GPR System for Landmine Detection using Optical Electric Field, Proc.
IEEE AP-S," Vol. II, Columbus, OH. USA, 207-210
Sato, M., G. Fang, and Z. Zeng [2003c], "Landmine detection by a broadband GPR system,"
Proc.IEEE Int. Symp Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IGARSS2003, Toulouse, France, CD-R
Sato, M., F. Kong, Z. Zeng, and G. Fang [2003d], "Antenna development and a Stepped-frequency
GPR system for Landmine detection," Proc. of 2nd Int. WS on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar,
Delft, Netherlands, 168-171
Sato, M., T. Kobayashi, and X. Feng [2004a], "Imaging of buried Landmines by SAR-GPR," Proc.
2004 URSI EMTS, Pisa, Italy, 215-217
Sato, M., and R. Tanaka [2004b], "A GPR System using a Passive Optical Electric Field Sensor,"
Proc. GPR2004, Delft, Netherlands, 171-174
Savelyev, T., and M. Sato [2004], "Comparative analysis of UWB deconvolution and feature
extraction algorithms for GPR landmine detection," Defense & Security Symposium, Orlando, USA
Singh, D., Y. Yamaguchi, H. Yamada, and K. P. Singh [2003], "Retrieval of wheat chlorophyll by an
X-band scatterometer," International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol.24, no.23, pp.4939-4951
Suksmono, A. B., and A. Hirose [2002a], "Adaptive noise reduction of InSAR image based oncomplex-valued MRF model and its application to phase unwrapping problem," IEEE Trans. Geosci.
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Suksmono, A. B., and A. Hirose [2002b], "InSAR image restoration by using stochastic
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Suksmono, A. B., and A. Hirose [2002c], "Interferometric SAR image restoration using Monte-Carlo
Metropolis method," IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol.50, 2, pp.290-298
Suksmono, A. B., and A. Hirose [2003], "Recursive transform-based phase unwrapping," Proc. 2003
International Conference on Image Processing, pp.145-148
Takenaka, T., H. Jia, and T. Tanaka [2001], "Microwave imaging of an anisotropic cylindrical object
by a forward-backward time-stepping method," IEICE Trans. Electron., vol.E84-C, No.12

23

Takenaka, T., H. Zhou, and T. Tanaka [2002], "Three-dimensional profile inversion of penetrable
objects from time-domain data," Proc. of the XXVIIth General Assembly of the Int. Union of RadioSci.
Takenaka, T., H. Zhou, and T. Tanaka [2003], "Inverse scattering for a three-dimensional object inthe time domain," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A, vol.20, 10, pp.1867-1874
Tanaka, T., N. Kuroki, and T. Takenaka [2003], "Filtered forward-backward time-stepping method
applied to reconstruction of dielectric cylinders," J. of Electromagn. Waves and Appl., vol.17, 2,
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Yamada, H., K. Sato, Y. Yamaguchi, and W. -M. Boerner [2002], "Interferometric phase andcoherence of forest estimated by ESPRIT-based polarimetric SAR interferometry," Proc. of IGRASS
2002
Yamada, H., Y. Yamaguchi, and W. -M. Boerner [2003], "Forest height feature extraction inpolarimetric SAR interferometry by using rotational invariance property," Proc. of IEEE IGARSS
2003, CD-ROM
Yamaguchi, Y., K. Kimura, and H. Yamada [2002a], "ALOS-PALSAR image simulation in various
polarization basis," Proc. of IGRASS 2002
Yamaguchi, Y., K. Kimura, H. Yamada, S. Uratsuka, and W. -M. Boerner [2002b], "L-bandpolarimetric AIR/PI-SAR images around Niigata city," Proc. of IGRASS 2002
Yamaguchi, Y., T. Moriyama, and H. Yamada [2002c], "Polarimetric detection of buried objects by
FM-CW radar," (invited) SI-General Assembly, CD-ROM
Yamaguchi, Y., K. Kimura, T. Moriyama, and H. Yamada [2004], "Correlation coefficient in thecircular polarization basis for detection of man-made targets in POLSAR image analysis," Proc. of
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Yang, J., Y. N. Peng, Y. Yamaguchi, H. Yamada, and W. -M. Boerner [2002a], "The periodicity of thescattering matrix and its application," IEICE Trans. Commun., vol.E85-B, no.2, pp.565-567
Yang, J., Y. Yamaguchi, H. Yamada, Z. H. Czyz, W. -M. Boerner, H. Mott, E. Luneburg, and Y. N.
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Geoscience Remote Sensing, vol.40, no.2, pp.305-313
Yang, J., G. Dong, Y. Peng, Y. Yamaguchi, and H. Yamada [2004], "Generalized optimization ofpolarimetric contrast enhancement," IEEE Geoscience Remote Sensing Letters, vol.1, no.3,
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Zhou, H., T. Takenaka, and T. Tanaka [2003a], "Three-dimensional reconstruction of shallowly
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Zhou, H., T. Takenaka, and T. Tanaka [2003b], "3-D reconstruction of a lossy object using
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Antennas and Propagation Society Int. Symp., 30.3

24

Zhou, H., and M. Sato [2004a], "Subsurface cavity imaging by crosshole borehole radarmeasurements," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol.42, 2, pp.335-341
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pp.102-104
Zhou, H., T. Takenaka, and T. Tanaka [2004c], "Reconstruction of 3-D buried objects form
electromagnetic data received by inaccurately positioned receivers," Proc. of ISAP’04, pp.605-608
Zhou, H., T. Takenaka, and T. Tanaka [2004d], "Borehole radar processing by FBTS method," Proc.
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Ikeda and Fujino [2004] proposed a stabilized approximate inverse pre-conditioner employing
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Shestopalov et al. [2003] investigated the oscillation in slot-coupled resonators using approximate
semi-inversion.
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Arima, T., T. Uno, and M. Takahashi, “Highly-accurate FDTD analysis of bend antennas on
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Ikeda, Y. and S. Fujimoto [2004], “An improvement of stabilized approximate INVerse
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problems—comparison
betweenquasi-stationary
cases
and
relativistic
cases--,”

25

Telecommunications and Radio Engineering, vol. 58, 1&2, pp. 187-193.
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Nakashima, N. and M. Tateiba [2003c], “Numerical calculation of scattering from randomly
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2003 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference.
Nakashima, N. and M. Tateiba [2004], “An improved Greengard-Rokhlin’s fast multipole algorithm
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MMET*02.
Okuno, Y., D. Zhou, A. Matsushima, and T. Matsuda [2004], “Enhancement of TM-TE mode
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26Shestopalov, Yu., Y. Okuno, and N. Kotik [2003], “Oscillations in slotted resonators with several
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optical waveguide,” Proc. URSI-GA, B6.0.6.
Yokota, M. and N. Sugio [2002b], “Application of multigrid method to lightwave propagation in
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Zinenko, T.L., A.I. Nosich, Y. Okuno, and A. Matsushima [2002], “E- and H-polarized plane wave
scattering and absorption by an impedance strip grating,” Proc. APMC 2002.
Ando, M., [2003], "Radiation Pattern Analysis of Reflector Antennas -Discussions and Hybrid Use of
Physical Optics and Aperture Field Integral Method-," IEICE Trans. Commun., vol. J86-B, no.9,
pp.1694-1705, (Invited, in Japanese).
Ando, M., and L. Rodriguez [2004], "Extraction of GO and diffraction components from Physical
Optics in terms of line integrations of equivalent edge currents by Modified Edge Representation,"
Proc. URSI 2004, pp.32-37.
Budiarto, H., Katsuyuki Haneda, and Jun-ichi Takada [2004a], "Prediction Model for theCharacteristics of Non-Specular Wave Scattered from Building Surface," 2004 IEEE AP-S
International Symposium, (Monterey, USA).
Budiarto, H., Katsuyuki Haneda, and Jun-ichi Takada [2004b], "Prediction Model for the
Estimation of Non-specular Wave Scattering Characteristics on Building Surfaces," 2004
International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP 2004), 3C3-4, (Sendai, Japan).
Goto, J., T. Shijo, and M. Ando [2004], "Method of Moment for Local Correction of Physical Optics,"
Proc. the 2004 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP), 2E2-2, pp.565-568.
Ida, T., and T. Ishihara [2003], "Time-Domain Asymptotic Solutions in the Transition Regions near
Geometrical Boundaries and near Caustics for Scattering by a Dielectric Cylinder," Proc. 2003
IEEE Antennas & Propagation Society International Symposium, vol. 4, pp. 840-843.
Ida, T., and T. Ishihara [2004a], “Novel High-Frequency Uniform Asymptotic Solution for Scattered27

Field by a Conducting Cylinder,” IEICE Trans. Electron., vol. E87-C, no. 10, pp. 754-767 (inJapanese)
Ida, T., and T. Ishihara [2004b], "Novel Uniform Asymptotic Solutions for Scattered Fields by an
Impedance Circular Cylinder," Proc. 2004 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation(ISAP), pp. 561-564.
Ida, T., and T. Ishihara [2004c], "Novel Uniform Asymptotic Solutions for High-Frequency Scattered
Electromagnetic Fields by a Dielectric Cylinder," Proc. 2004 IEEE Antennas & Propagation SocietyInternational Symposium, vol. 2, pp. 2003-2006.
Ida, T., and T. Ishihara [2004d], " Novel High-Frequency Asymptotic Solutions in the Transition
Regions near Geometrical Boundaries and near Caustics for Scattering by a Dielectric Cylinder,"IEICE Trans. Electron., vol. E87-C, pp. 1550-1559, no. 9.
Ida, T., and T. Ishihara [2004e], "Frequency-Domain Uniform Asymptotic Solutions for Scattering
by a Dielectric Cylinder in the Transition Region near Geometrical Boundaries," Proc. 8th
2003-2004 China-Japan Joint Meeting on Optical Fiber Science and Electromagnetic Theory,
pp.294-297.
Kawano, T., T. Ishihara, and E. Murohara [2003], “Asymptotic Analyses of Diffracted Field by an
Aperture in a Conducting Screen,” IEICE Trans., on Electronics, vol. J86-C, no. 9, pp. 977-987 (inJapanese)
Kawano, T., and T. Ishihara [2004], “Applicability of GTD in high- frequency asymptotic analysis ofelectromagnetic scattered field by a conducting strip,” IEEJ Trans. FM, vol. 124, no. 12, pp.
1177-1184.
Kosugi, M., T. Shijo, and M. Ando [2004], "Modified Edge Representation Computer Code forDiffraction Analysis of Slot Antennas with Finite Ground Plane," Proc. the 2004 International
Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP), 2E2-3, pp.569-572.
Shijo, T., and M. Ando [2003a], "Novel Interpretation of Physical Optics Errors, Fictitious
Penetrating Rays and Corrections by Hybrid Use of PO and AFIM," Proc. 2003 IEEE Topical
Conference on Wireless Communication Technology, Session 26, p.05.
Shijo, T., and M. Ando [2003b], “Elimination of Fictitious Penetrating Rays from PO andHybridization with AFIM,” IEEJ Trans. FM, vol.123, no.12, pp.1185-1192. (in Japanese)
Shijo, T., T. Itoh, and M. Ando [2004a], "Visualization of Physical Optics for Interpretation of HighFrequency Phenomena," Proc. 2004 URSI International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory,
Session 1.4, pp.30-32.
Shijo, T., T. Itoh, and M. Ando [2004b], "Visualization of High Frequency Diffraction Based on
Physical Optics," IEICE Trans. Electron., vol.E87-C, no.9, pp.1607-1614.
Takada, J., and H. Budiarto [2001], "The Effect of Building Surface Roughness in Mobile
Communication," 2001 Inernational Symposium on Communication and Information Technology,
pp. 674-677, (Chiang Mai, Thailand).

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Takada, J., J. Fu, H. Zhu and T. Kobayashi [2002], “Spatio-Temporal Channel Characterization in a
Suburban Non Line-of-Sight Microcellular Environment,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas inCommunications, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 532-578.
Kawaguchi, H. [2003], “Time-domain analysis of electromagnetic wave fields by boundary integral
equation method,” Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, Vol. 27, pp.291-304
Yoshida, N. [2003], “Analysis of near field around changing charges with discharge process by thespatial networks for vector and scalar potentials,” Record of the 2003 IEEE International
Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (CD), WE-P-12
Yoshida, N. [2004], “Adaptation of condensed node spatial network for vector and scalar potentials
to analysis of near field caused by changing charges with discharge process,” Trans. Institute ofElectrical Engineering Japan on FM, Vol.124, No.3, pp.243-248
Shimoda, M., R. Iwaki, M. Miyoshi, and O. A. Tretyakov [2002], “Wiener-Hopf analysis of transientphenomenon caused by time-varying resistive screen in waveguide,” IEICE Trans. Electron., Vol.
E85-C, No.10, pp.1800-1807
Shimoda, M., R. Iwaki, M. Miyoshi, and O. A. Tretyakov [2003], “Transient phenomenon ofelectromagnetic waves by time-dependent resistive screen in waveguide,” IEICE Trans. Electron.,Vol. E86-C, No.11, pp.2176-2183
Nishimoto, M. and H. Ikuno [2001], “Time-frequency processing of scattering responses from adielectric sphere,” IEICE Trans. Electron., Vol. E84-C, pp.2156-1259
Nishimoto, M. and H. Ikuno [2004], “Time-frequency analysis of electromagnetic pulse responses
from a one-dimensional plasma medium,” Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications,Vol.18, No.2, pp.181-196
Asai M., J. Yamakita, K. Matsumoto and H. Wakabayashi, [2004], "On electromagnetic chirality ofhelix-loaded materials", Material Integration, Vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 27-33.
Matsuoka T. and M. Tateiba, [2002], "Numerical analysis of scattering cross section of two layers of
random medium containing dielectric particles for application to the detection of water content inmoist soil", Proc. 2002 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, pp. 1545-1548.
Matsuoka T. and M. Tateiba, [2003a], "Calculation of scattered power from random medium layers
by using radiative transfer theory for the estimation of moisture in soil by microwaves", 2003
IEEE AP-S Int. Sympo. & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting,Matsuoka T. and M. Tateiba, [2003b], "Analysis of wave scattering from three-layers of random
medium using a radiative transfer equation", IEEJ Trans. FM, Vol. 123, pp.1193-1198. (inJapanese).
Matsuoka T. and M. Tateiba, [2004], "Frequency Characteristics of Scattered Power from Two
Layers of Random Medium for Application to Detection of Moisture in Soil",Proc. 2004 Asia-Pacific Radio Science Conference pp.320-323.

29

Meng Zhi Qi and M. Tateiba, [2004a], "Scattering enhancement phenomenon and random medium
intensity", Proc. 2004 URSI Int. Sympo. on Electromagnetic Theory, Vol. 2, pp. 1068—1070.
Meng Zhi Qi and M. Tateiba, [2004b], "Scattering Enhancement Phenomena in Wave Propagationin Random Media with Different Scale Sizes", The 4th International Conference on Microwave
and Millimeter Wave Technology pp. 948-951.
Murakami T, and J. Nakayama, [2002], "Enhanced backscattering from a disorderobject: probability distribution of backscattering intensity", Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering& Design Kyoto Institute of Technology, Series of Science & Technology, vol.51, pp.45-54.
Nanbu Y., M. Tateiba, and T. Matsuoka, [2002a], "The effective properties of a medium containing
randomly distributed chiral spheres embedded in a homogeneous background medium",
Telecommunications and Radio Engineering Vol. 58, No. 1 & 2, pp. 128—135.
Nanbu Y., T. Matsuoka, D. Ochi, and M. Tateiba ,[2002b], " Numerical Analysis of the Effective
Constitutive Parameters of a Dense Random Medium Containing Chiral Spheres", Proc. 27th
General Assembly of the International Union of Radio Science
Nanbu Y., T. Matsuoka and M. Tateiba, [2002c], "The effective constitute parameters of a random
medium containing small chiral spheres", IEEJ Trans. FM, Vol. 122, no. 12, pp. 259-264, (inJapanese).
Nanbu Y., T. Matsuoka and M. Tateiba, [2004a], "Effective Constitutive Parameters of a Random
Medium Containing Small Chiral Spheres", Electrical Engineering in Japan Vol. 148, No. 1, pp.
11-18.
Y. Nanbu, T. Matsuoka, and M. Tateiba, [2004b], "Numerical Analysis of the Effective Constitutive
Parameters of a Random Medium Containing Small Chiral Spheres", Wave Propagation, Scatteringand Emission in Complex Media (Editor: Y-Q Jin).
Nakayama J, and H. Tsuji, [2002], "Wave scattering and diffraction from a finite
periodic surface: diffraction order and diffraction beam", IEICE Transactions on Electronics,
vol.E85-C, no.10, pp.1808-13.
Nakayama J, and Y. Kitada, [2003],"Wave scattering from a finite periodic surface: spectral
formalism for TE wave", IEICE Transactions on Electronics, vol.E86-C, no.6, pp.1098-105.
Ocla Hosam and M. Tateiba, [2002], "Backscattering enhancement for partially convex targets oflarge sizes in continuous random media for E-wave incidence", Waves in Random Media Vol. 12,
No. 3, pp.387-397.
Ocla Hosam and M. Tateiba, [2003a], "Effect of H-polarization on backscattering enhancement forpartially convex targets of large sizes in continuous random media",
Waves in Random Media Vol.13, No.2, pp. 125—136.
Ocla Hosam and M. Tateiba, [2003b], "Radar Cross-section of Partially Convex Targets of Large

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Sizes in Continuous Random Media for H-polarization Wave", Proc. 2003 Asia-Pacific Microwave
Conf. Vol. 1, pp. 253-256.
Ocla Hosam and M. Tateiba, [2003c], "An indirect estimate of RCS of conducting target in random
medium", IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 2, No. 12, pp. 173- 176.
Ocla Hosam and M. Tateiba, [2004a], "Backscattering enhancement of partially convex targets oflarge sizes in continuous random media for e-polarization wave", Proc. 2004 URSI Int. Sympo. on
Electromagnetic Theory Vol. 2, pp. 1071--1073.
Ocla Hosam and M. Tateiba, [2004b], "Numerical Analysis of Radar Cross-section of Partially
Convex Targets with Large Sizes in Random Media", Proc. 2004 International Symposium on
Antennas and Propagation pp. 813-816.
Ochi D., T. Matsuoka, Y. Nanbu, M. Tateiba, [2004], "An analysis of the effective propagation
constants for a composite media containing sparsely and randomly distributed pairs of dielectric orchiral spheres", Proc. 2004 URSI Int. Sympo. on Electromagnetic Theory Vol. 2, pp. 1083--1085.
Tamura Y, and J. Nakayama, [2003], "A formula on the Hermite expansion and its application to arandom boundary value problem", IEICE Transactions on Electronics, vol.E86-C, no.8,
pp.1743-1748.
Tamura Y, and J. Nakayama, [2004], "Wave reflection and transmission from a thin film with
one-dimensional disorder", Waves in Random Media, vol.14, no.3, pp.435-65.
Tateiba M, and Zhi Qi Meng, [2001], "Radar cross-sections of conducting targets surrounded byrandom media", IEICE Trans. Part C, vol. J84-C, no.11, pp.1031-1039.
(in Japanese)
Tateiba M. and T. Matsuoka, [2002], "A comparative study of scattering cross section of a random
medium layer containing particles in a homogeneous background medium",
Telecommunications and Radio Engineering Vol. 58, No. 1 & 2, pp. 136-144.
Tateiba M., Zhi Qi Meng and M. Nakashima, [2002a], "Bistatic Cross-Sections of Concave-Convex
Conducting Cylinders in a Continuous Random Medium", Proc. 27th General Assembly of theInternational Union of Radio Science
Tateiba M. and Zhi Qi Meng, M. Nakashima, [2002b], "Bistatic Cross-Sections of a Conducting
Cylinders in a Continuous Random Medium", Proc. 2002 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conf. Vol. 3, pp.
1537--1540.
Tateiba M., [2004], "Electromagnetic Wave Sensing in Random media", Proc. Sino-Japan Joint
Meeting on Optical Fibre Science and Electromagnetics Theory, pp. 9-14.
Tateiba M., Zhi Qi Meng, and H. El-Ocla, [2004], "Scattering by a Body in a Random Medium",
Wave Propagation, Scattering and Emission in Complex Media (Editor: Y-Q Jin), pp.240-249,
Science Press, Beijing and World Scientific Publishing, Singapore
Yoon K., M. Tateiba, and K. Uchida, [2002], A numerical simulation of low-grazing-angle scattering

31

from ocean-like dielectric surfaces, IEICE Trans. Vol. E85-C, no. 10, pp. 2344-2347.
Awai, I., H. Kubo, H. Kohno, T. Iribe, and A. Sanada[2002], “Dielectric resonator based on artificial
dielectrics and its application to a microwave BPF,'' Proc. 2002 European Microwave Conf.,
pp.1045-1048.
Awai, I., A. Munir, N. Hamanaga, H. Kubo, and A. Sanada[2003b], “Artificial dielectric rectangularresonator with great anisotropic permittivity and its waveguide BPF application,'' Proc. 2003
Asia-Pacific Microwave Conf., pp.1752-1755.
Caloz, C., A. Sanada, and T. Itoh[2003a], “Microwave circuits based on negative refractive index
material structures,” Proc. 2003 European Microwave Conf., pp.105-110.
Caloz, C., A. Sanada, and T. Itoh[2003b], “Microwave applications of transmission-line based
negative refractive index structures,” Proc. 2003 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conf., pp.1708-1713.
Caloz, C., A. Sanada, and T. Itoh[2004], “A novel composite rigth/left-handed coupled-line
directional coupler with arbitrary coupling level and broad bandwidth,” IEEE Trans. Microwave
Theory Tech., vol.52, 3, pp.980-992.
Fujisawa, T., and M. Koshiba[2002], “Full-vector finite-element beam propagation method forthree-dimensional nonlinear optical waveguides,” IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology,
vol.20, 10, pp.1876-1884.
Fujisawa, T., and M. Koshiba[2003], “Finite element characterization of chromatic dispersion in
nonlinear holey fibers,” Optics Express, vol.11, 13, pp.1481-1489.
Fujisawa, T., and M. Koshiba[2004a], “A frequency-domain finite element method for modeling of
nonlinear optical waveguide discontinuities,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 16, 1,
pp.129-131.
Fujisawa, T., and M. Koshiba[2004b], “Time-domain beam propagation method for nonlinear opticalpropagation analysis and its application to photonic crystal circuits,” IEEE/OSA Journal ofLightwave Technology, vol.22, 2, pp. 684-691.
Hasegawa, K., K. Inagawa, and M. Koshiba[2001], “Extraction of all coefficients of coupled-mode
equations for natural, single-phase, unidirectional SAW transducers from dispersion characteristics
computed by hybrid finite element method,” IEEE Trans. Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, andFrequency Control, vol.48, 5, pp. 341-350.
Hirata, A., Y. Yuse, and T. Shiozawa[2002a], “Nonlinear characteristics of a cylindrical Cherenkov
laser at millimeter frequencies,” Journal of Applied Physics, vol.91, 62, pp.9471-9474.
Hirata, A., S. Hirosaka, and T. Shiozawa[2002b], “Effectiveness and limitation of the periodic
boundary approximation in the analysis of single-pass electron beam devices,” IEEE Trans. Plasma
Science, vol.30, 3, pp.1292-1297.
Hirayama, K., K. Suzuki, and Y. Hayashi[2002], “Finite element analysis of leaky wave in adielectric ring resonator,” IEICE Trans. Electron., vol.J85-C, 12, pp.1233-1235 (in Japanese).

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Iida, Y., Y. Omura and M. Tsuji[2003a], “Optically tunable narrowband filter using defect-induced
pass-band in photonic crystal waveguide,” Proc. Of 2003 IEEE Int. SOI Conf., pp.117-118.
Iida, Y., Y. Omura, Y. Ogawa, T. Kinoshita, and M. Tsuji[2003b], “Ring resonator with sharp U-turns
using an SOI-based photonic crystal waveguide with normal single-missing-hole-line defect,” Proc.
of SPIE, vol.5277, 12, pp.206-214.
Jia, H., K., Yasumoto, and K. Yoshitomi[2001], "Fast and efficient analysis of inset dielectric guideusing Fourier transform technique with a modified perfectly matched boundary," Progress In
Electromagnetics Research, vol.34, pp.143-163.
Jia, H., K. Yoshitomi, and K. Yasumoto[2004a], "Rigorous and fast convergent analysis of arectangular waveguide coupler slotted in common wall," Progress In Electromagnetics Research,
vol.46, pp.245-264.
Jia, H., K. Yasumoto, and K. Yoshitomi[2004b], "Analysis of rectangular groove waveguides using
Fourier transform technique," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol.41, 5, pp.388-392.
Kikuchi, K., S., T. Kitamura, Y. Horii, and M. Geshiro[2003], “Study on comb-line filters withcoupling windows on the grounding conductor,” IEEJ Trans. EIS, vol.123, 5, pp.875-879.
Kinoshita, T., A. Shimizu, Y. Iida, and Y. Omura[2003] “Design sensitivity in quasi-one-dimensional
silicon-based photonic crystalline waveguides,” J. Semicon. Tech., Sci., vol.3, 1 pp.55-61.
Kishihara, M., I. Ohta, T. Kawai, and K. Yamane[2003], "Asymmetrical coupled-HNRD-guidedirectional couplers with flat coupling", IEICE Trans. Electronic., vol.E86-C, 2, pp.126-133.
Kitamura, K., Y. Horii, M. Geshiro, and S. Sawa[2002], “A dual-plane comb-line filter having pluralattenuation poles,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol.50, 4, pp.1216-1219.
Kitamura, T., K. Yoshida, M. Geshiro, and T. Ishizaki[2003], “Proposal of a new folded comb-line
filter,” IEEE Microwave Wireless Comp. Lett., vol.13, 8, pp.357-359.
Kondoh, S., A. Hirata, T. Thumvongskul, and T. Shiozawa[2003], “Analysis of a metallic reflector
grating waveguide with the influence of Joule loss taken into account,” IEEE Trans. Plasma Science,
vol.31, 5, pp.1070-1074.
Kondoh, S., A. Hirata, and T. Shiozawa[2004], “A compact and wide-band reflector grating in a
metallic rectangular waveguide,” IEEE Trans. Plasma Science, vol.32, 3, pp.1318-1322.
Kono, N., and Y. Tsuji[2004a], “Oriented perfectly matched layer with flexible parameters forwaveguide discontinuity problems,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol.16, 4, pp.1089-1091.
Kono, N., and Y. Tsuji[2004b], “A novel finite-element method for nonreciprocal magnet-photonic
crystal waveguides,” IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol.22, 7, pp.1741-1747.
Koshiba, M. [2001], “Wavelength division multiplexing and demultiplexing with photonic crystal
waveguide couplers,” IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol.19, 12, pp.1970-1975.

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Koshiba, M. and K. Saitoh[2001], “Numerical verification of degeneracy in hexagonal photnoic
crystal fibers,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol.13, 12, pp.1313--1315.
Koshiba, M. and K. Saitoh[2003a], “Polarization-dependent confinement losses in actual holey
fibers,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol.15, 5, pp.691-693.
Koshiba, M. and K. Saitoh[2003b], “Structural dependence of effective area and mode field diameterfor holey fibers,” Optics Express, vol.11, 15, pp.1746-1756.
Koshiba, M. and K. Saitoh[2003c], “Finite-element analysis of birefringence and dispersion
properties in actual and idealized holey-fiber structures,” Applied Optics, vol.42, 31, pp.6267-6275.
Koshiba, M. and K. Saitoh[2004], “Applicability of classical optical fiber theories to holey fibers,”
Optics Letters, vol.29, 15, pp.1739-1741.
Kubo, H., I. Awai, Y. Ishii, K. Iwashita, and A. Sanada[2003], “Improvement of unloaded Q in image
resonator due to shift of electromagnetic field distribution,” Proc. 2003 European Microwave Conf.,
pp.195-198.
Kubo, H., T. Mukai, I. Awai, and A. Sanada[2004], “Improvement of spurious property of waveguide
bandpass filter based on artificial dielectrics,” Proc. 2004 European Microwave Conf., pp.1217-1220.
Kumagai, S., T. Nishikawa, K. Wakino and T. Kitazawa[2004], “Novel measurement method for
dielectric properties of high permittivity materials in microwave region,” Proc. of 2004 China Japan
Joint Meeting on Microwaves, pp.21-24.
Kuroki, F., M. Yamaguchi, Y. Minamitani, and T. Yoneyama[2003a], “High permittivity LSE-NRD
guide and its application to new type of millimeter wave antenna”, IEICE Trans. vol.86-E, 2,
pp.169-175.
Kuroki, F., S. Nakamura, T. Fukuchi, and T. Yoneyama[2003b], “NRD guide P-I-N diode devices forautomotive radars at 77GHz”, IEICE Trans. vol.86-E, 2, pp.199-205.
Kuroki, F., K. Wada, and T. Yoneyama[2003c], “Low-loss and small-sized NRD guide ring resonatorsand their application to channel dropping filter at 60 GH”, IEICE Trans. vol.86-E, 8, pp.1601-1606.
Kuroki, F., Y. Murata, and T. Yoneyama[2004a], “Millimeter-wave duplexer with low loss and highisolation based on the NRD guide technology at 60 GHz,” IEE Electronic. Lett., vol.40, 6,
pp.808-810.
Kuroki, F., S. Shinke, T. Mukai, E. Suematsu, H. Sato and T. Yoneyama[2004b], “Band widening of
NRD guide Schottky barrier diode devices and its application to a wireless multi-channel TV-signal
distribution system at 60 GHz”, IEICE Trans. vol.86-E, 12, pp.2422-2428.
Kuroki, F., M. Yamaguchi, Y. Wagatsuma, and T. Yoneyama[2004c], “NRD guide integrated
circuit-compatible folded planar antenna fed by high permittivity LSE-NRD guide radiator at 60
GHz ”, IEICE Trans. vol.87-E, 9, pp.1412-1417.

34

Matsubara, M., Y. Kogami, K. Shiraishi, Y. Tomabechi, and K. Matsumura[2004], “An analysis forresonance characteristics of whispering gallery modes on an elliptical disk resonator with highpaemittivity,” IEICE Trans., vol.J87-C, 9, pp.703-711 (in Japanese).
Murata, M., T. Kitamura, and M. Geshiro[2003], “Microstrip filters with a loaded capacitancecontaining a light-induced plasma region,” IEEJ Trans. EIS, vol.123, 3, pp.397-400.
Miyamoto, T., M. Momoda, and K. Yasumoto[2003], "Numerical analysis for three-dimensional
optical waveguides with periodic structures using Fourier series expansion method," Electronics
and Communications in Japan, Part2, vol.86, 12, pp.22-31.
Momoda, M, T. Miyamoto, and K. Yasumoto[2004b], "Numerical analysis of lamellar grating typethree-dimensional optical waveguides with periodic structure; using Fourier series expansion
method," Electrical Engineering in Japan, Vol.149, 2, pp.1-9.
Munir, A., N. Hamanaga, H. Kubo, A. Sanada, and I. Awai[2004], “Improvement of spurious
property of waveguide bandpass filter based on artificial dielectrics,” Proc. 2004 European
Microwave Conf., pp.1005-1008.
Ochiai, N., T. Kitamura, Y. Horii, and M. Geshiro[2004], “Folded comb-line filter using coplanar
waveguide,” IEEJ Trans. EIS, vol.124, 3, pp.814-818 (in Japanese).
Okubo, K., A. Sanada, S. Takenawa, and K. Yamane [2001], "Full-wave FDTD analysis oftransmission characteristics of a YIG film microstrip line in a nonuniform bias magnetic field," Proc.
Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, pp. 1211-1214.
Okubo, K. and M. Tsutsumi[2003], "Hollow ferrite waveguide and its application," IEICE Trans.,
vol.E86-C, 8, pp.1685-1689.
Ogawa, Y., T. Kinoshita, Y. Omura, and Y. Iida[2004], “Photonic band structure and transmission
control in the quasi-one-dimensional photonic-crystal waveguide with a modulated unit-cellstructure,” Laser physics, vol.14, 5, pp.712-719.
Rodriguez-Esquerre, V.F., M. Koshiba, and H.E. Hernandez-Figueroa[2004], “Finite-element
time-domain analysis of 2-D photonic crystal resonant cavities,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,
vol.16, 3, pp.816-818.
Saitoh, K. and M. Koshiba[2001], “Full-vectorial finite element beam propagation method withperfectly matched layers for anisotropic optical waveguides,” IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave
Technology, vol.19, 3, pp.405-413.
Saitoh, K. and M. Koshiba[2002], “Full-vectorial imaginary-distance beam propagation method
based on a finite element scheme: Application to photonic crystal fibers,” IEEE Journal of Quantum
Electronics, vol.38, 7, pp.927-933.
Saitoh, K., M. Koshiba, T. Hasegawa, and E. Sasaoka[2003], “Chromatic dispersion control inphotonic crystal fibers: application to ultra-flattened dispersion,” Optics Express, vol.11, 8,
pp.843-852.

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Saitoh, K. and M. Koshiba[2003], “Leakage loss and group velocity dispersion in air-core photonic
bandgap fibers,” Optics Express, vol.11, 23, pp.3100-3109.
Saitoh, K., N.A. Mortensen, and M. Koshiba[2004a], “Air-core photonic band-gap fibers: the impact
of surface modes,” Optics Express, vol.12, 3, pp.394-400.
Saitoh, K., Y. Sato, and M. Koshiba[2004b], “Polarization splitter in three-core photonic crystal
fibers,” Optics Express, vol.12, 17, pp.3940-3946.
Sanada, A., C. Caloz, and T.Itoh[2003a], “Novel zeroth-order resonance in composite
right/left-handed transmission line resonators,” Proc. 2003 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conf.,
pp.1588-1591.
Sanada, A., T. Yamamoto, and I. Awai[2003b], “Resonant characteristics of high-temperature
superconducting coplanar waveuigde stepped-impedance resonators,” Proc. 2003 Asia-PacificMicrowave Conf., pp.86-189.
Sanada, A., C. Caloz, and T. Itoh[2004a], “Characteristics of the composite right/left-handed
transmission lines,” IEEE Microwave and Wireless Component Letters, vol.14, 2, pp.68-70.
Sanada, A., C. Caloz, and T. Itoh[2004b], “Planar distributed structures with negative refractive
index,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol.52, 4, pp.1252-1263.
Sanada, A., K. Murakami, S. Aso, H. Kubo, and I. Awai[2004c], “A via-free microstrip left-handed
transmission line,” IEEE International Microwave Symposium Digest, pp.301-304.
Sanada, A., M. Kimura, I. Awai, and H. Kubo, C. Caloz, and T. Itoh[2004d], “A planar zeroth-orderresonator antenna using a left-handed transmission line,” Proc. 2004 European Microwave Conf.,
pp.1342-1344.
Sato, Y., Y. Kogami, K. Shiraishi, Y. Tomabechi, and K. Matsumura[2003], “Design of four-stage
millimeter wave BPF using the whispering-gallery mode dielectric disk resonator,” IEICE Trans.
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Satoh, H., N. Yoshida, and Y. Miyanaga[2004], “Analysis of polarization plane rotation property in
2D photonic crystal waveguide with chiral medium by condensed node spatial network,” IEEJ
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Shigesawa, H and M. Tsuji [2001], “Leaky-wave phenomena and their unfavorable effect inmillimeter-wave circuit devices,” Proc. Asia-Pacific Microwave Conf., vol.1, pp.53-58.
Shigesawa, H., and M. Tsuji[2002], “Basic properties of leaky modes in printed-circuit transmission

36

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Shiraishi, T., K. Wakino, T. Nishikawa, and T. Kitazawa[2002], “An efficient analysis of lossy
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37

Tsuji, M., M. Katsumata, H. Deguchi, and H. Shigesawa[2002b], “Tapered microstrip lines for filter
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Coplanar waveguides with finite metallization thickness by extended spectral domain approach,”Proc. of 34th European Microwave Conf., pp. 589-592.
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nonlinear material,” IEICE Trans. Electron., vol.J85-C, 2, pp.72-83 (in Japanese).
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Yasumoto, K. and H. Jia[2003], "Rigorous analysis of guided modes of photonic crystal waveguides
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J. T. Sri Sumantyo, T. Tanaka, T. Onishi, and K. Ito [2003], "Simple
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Fujii, K., K. Ito, and S. Tajima [2002b], "Signal propagation of wearable computer using humanbody as transmission channel, "Proceedings of the 2002 Interim ISAP, pp.512-515
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Fujii, K., K. Ito, K. Hachisuka, Y. Terauchi, K. Sasaki, and K. Itao [2004c], "Study on the optimal
direction of electrodes of a wearable device using the human body as a transmission channel,"Proceedings of the 2004 ISAP, vol.2 pp.1005-1008
Fujii, K., R. Kurosawa, M. Takahashi, K. Ito, K. Hachisuka, Y. Terauchi, Y. Kishi, K. Sasaki, and K.
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with a shorting post for road-vehicle communication,” RF and microwave computer-aided

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engineering, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp.244-252
Fujimoto, T., K. Tanaka, M. Taguchi [2004b], “Stacked rectangular microstrip antenna with ashorting plate for dual band operation,” Proceedings of International symposium on antennas andpropagation, No. 2B2-1, pp.357-360
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fiber-optics for an antenna on a portable telephone,” IEEE Topical Conference on WirelessCommunication Technology
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Liquid-Crystal Displays ’03 (AMLCD 03)
Higaki, M., J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2004], "Mechanical phase shifting in the power divider for
single-layer slotted waveguide arrays,," IEICE Trans. Commun., Vol.E87-B, No.2, pp.310-316
Hirano, T., J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2002a], "A MoM analysis using numerical eigenmode basis
functions for a notched annular ring slot ona shorting plate of a rectangular waveguide,," ISAP,
Yokosuka, 3C3-4, pp. 428-431
Hirano, T., J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2002b], "Design of a linear array of waveguide crossed-slots
using the method of moments with numerical-eigenmode basis functions,," IEEE AP-S/URSI, Vol.3,
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Hirano, T., J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2002c], "A MoM/FEM hybrid analysis of circularly polarized
slot elements with complex shapes,," XXVIIth General Assembly of the International Union ofRadio Science (URSI), B7.O.7 (Oral), pp.1828-1831
Hirano, T., J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2003a], "Design of a waveguide crossed-slot array withmatching elements using the method of moments with numerical-eigenmode basis functions,,"
IEEE AP-S/URSI, Vol.3, pp.1046-1049, Session 121-5
Hirano, T., J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2003b], "An analysis and design of a notched annular ringslot on a shorting plate of a rectangular waveguide by the method of moments using numerical41

eigenmodes,," IEICE Trans. Commun., J86-B, No. 9, pp.1870-1877 (in Japanese)
Hirano, T., J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2003c], "Waveguide matching crossed-slot,," IEE Proceedings
Microwave, Antennas and Propagation, Vol.150, No.3, pp.143-146
Hirano, T., Y. Nakano, M. Ando, M. Goto, A. Sasaki, T. Okamoto, K. Azuma, and Y. Nakata [2003d],"1m2 order single-layer slotted waveguide arrays for plasma excitation,," 2003 IEEE Topical
Conference on Wireless Communication Technology, Session 23, p.06
Hirano, T., J. Hirokawa, M. Ando, T. Ide, A. Sasaki, K. Azuma, and Y. Nakata [2004], "Method of
moments / transmission line modeling for plasma excitation single-layer slotted waveguide arrayswith complicated outer baffles,," IEEE AP-S International Symposium and USNC/URSI National
Radio Science Meeting, Session:86, Vol.3, pp.2372-2375
Hirata, A., T. Morimoto, and Z. Kawasaki [2003], "DOA estimation of ultra-wideband EM waves
with MUSIC and interferometry," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol.2,
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Hirata, A., S. Mitsuzono, and T. Shiozawa [2004],"Feasibility study of adaptive nulling on handset
for 4G mobile communications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol.3,
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Hirata, K., T. Sekiguchi, H. Miyashita, and S. Makino [2004], “An arrangement method of auxiliary
antennas for sidelobe canceller with the large interval of auxiliary antennas,” The IEICE
Transactions on Communications , Vol.J87-B, No.9, pp. 1266-1276 (in Japanese)
Hirokawa, J. [2002], "76GHz post -wall waveguide- fed parallel plate slot array with sidelobe
suppression and 45-degree tilted linear polarization,," IEEE AP-S/URSI, URSI B, p.196
Hirokawa, J., C. Yamazaki, and M. Ando [2003a], "Postwall waveguide slot array with cosecant
radiation pattern and null filling for base station antennas in local multidistributed systems,,"
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Hirokawa, J., N. Goto, and K. Tsunekawa [2003b], "Double-layer rectangular-waveguide structure
for butler matrix using slit coupling on the broad walls,," IEEE AP-S/URSI, URSI B, Session 38
Hirokawa, J., M. Furukawa, K. Cho, and N. Goto [2004], "Extension of phase shift by installing
grooves or steps in slit coupling on the common broad wall between two shorted rectangular
waveguides,," IEEE AP-S International Symposium and USNC/URSI National Radio Science
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Hori, S., N. Kikuma, and N. Inagaki [2002], "MMSE adaptive array utilizing guard interval in the
OFDM systems, "Trans. IEICE, vol. J85-B, No.9 pp.1608-1615 (in Japanese)Hori, S., N. Kikuma, and N. Inagaki [2003a], "MMSE adaptive array suppressing only multipath
waves with dela times beyond the guard interval for fixed reception in the OFDM systems, "Trans.
IEICE, vol. J86-B, No.9 pp.1934-1940 (in Japanese)Hori, S., N. Kikuma, and N. Inagaki [2003b], "Improving convergence characteristics of an MMSE

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adaptive array utilizing the guard interval in OFDM signal, "Trans. IEICE, vol. J86-B,
pp.1035-1039 (in Japanese)

No.6

Hori, S., N. Kikuma, and N. Inagaki [2004], "DOA estimation to detect synchronized signal in the
OFDM systems under multipath environments, "Trans. IEICE, vol. J87-B, No.9 pp.1397-1404 (inJapanese)
Hotta, H., N. Kikuma, K. Sakakibara, and H. Hirayama [2004], "Comparison of MUSIC algorithms
using gradient- and integral-type mode vectors for direction of arrival and angular spread
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Ichikawa, Y., K. Tomitsuka, S. Obote, and K. Kagoshima [2002a], "A computation reduced MMSE
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Ichikawa, Y., K. Tomitsuka, S. Obote, and K. Kagoshima [2002b], "MMSE adaptive array antenna
with sequential processing," IEICE Trans.Commun, Vol.j85-B, No.12 pp.2257-2264 (in Japanese)
Ichikawa, Y., S. Obote, and K. Kagoshima [2003], "Compensation of carrier frequency offset for
MMSE-SMI adaptive array antenna," IEICE Trans.Commun, Vol.j86-B, No.9 pp.1914-1924 (inJapanese)
Inagaki, N., D. Itatsu, and N. Kikuma [2002], "A consideration on apparent antenna efficiency of mf
grounded broadcasting antennas, "Proceedings of 2002 Interim ISAP
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signal-selective DOA estimation, "Proceedings of 2004 ISAP
Inasawa, Y., H. Souma, J. Tsuruta, C. Ikeda, N. Miyahara, and S. Makino [2002], “Suppression of
scattered field by optimizing the geometric design of radome seams using simulated annealing
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application to scattering by dielectric bodies, "Trans. IEICE, vol. J85-B, No.5 pp.788-796 (inJapanese)Inoue, T., N. Inagaki, and N. Kikuma [2003a], "Application of modal polarization current model
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Inoue, T., N. Inagaki, N. Kikuma, and K. Sakakibara [2003b], "Design of circulary polarized
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Inoue, T., N. Inagaki, N.Kikuma and K.Sakakibara [2003c], "Design of circulariy polarized
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Ishido, R., T. Onishi, K. Saito, S. Uebayashi, and K Ito [2004], "A study on the solid phantoms for
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Ishikawa, H., N. Kikuma, K. Sakakibara, and H. Hirayama [2004], "A consideration on MMSE
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2004ISAP
Itatsu, D., N. Inagaki, N. Kikuma and K.Sakakibara [2003], "Full wave analysis of mf braodcasting
monopole antennas with radial earth, "Trans. IEICE, vol. J86-B, No.9 pp.1739-1747 (in Japanese)
Ito, K., H. Kawai, and K. Saito [2002], "State of the art and future prospects of biologicaltissue-equivalent phantoms, "Transactions. of IEICE,vol. J85-B, No. 5 pp.582-596 (in Japanese)
Ito, K., A. Akiyama, and M. Ando [2003], "Bandwidth of electronically steerable parasitic arrayradiator antennas in single beam scanning,," IEICE TRANS. COMMUN., Vol.E86-B, No.9,
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Ito,K., K. Saito, H.i Yoshimura, Y. Aoyagi, and H. Horita[2004], "Coaxial-slot antenna forinterstitial microwave thermal therapy and its application to clinical trial, "Proceedings of the 26th
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Ito, K., R. Ishido, T. Onishi, K. Saito, and S. Uebayashi [2004a], "Development of a solid phantom
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44

oversized rectangular waveguide slotted array,," ISAP, Yokosuka, 1B4-3, pp. 133-136
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Vol.E87-B, No.6, pp.1623-1630
Kai, H., J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2004b], "Circularly polarized post-wall waveguide slottedarrays,," IEICE Electronics Express, Vol.1, No.1, pp.7-12
Kai, T., J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2002], "Transformer between a thin post-wall waveguide to a
standard metal waveguide,," IEEE AP-S/URSI, Vol.4, pp. 436-439
Kai, T., J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2003], "Analysis of a feeding structure for TEM wave excitationin an oversized rectangular waveguide,," IEEE AP-S/URSI, Vol.2, pp.1177-1180, Session 80-6
Kai, T., J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2004a], "Feed through an aperture to a post-wall waveguidewith step structure,," Proceedings of the 2004 International Symposium on Antennas andPropagation (ISAP), 1D2-1, pp.185-188
Kai, T., J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2004b], "A stepped post-wall waveguide with aperture interface
to standard waveguide,," IEEE AP-S International Symposium and USNC/URSI National Radio
Science Meeting, Session:61, Vol.2, pp.1527-1530
Kajiwara, S., A Yamamoto, K. Ogawa, A. Ozaki, and Y. Koyanagi [2004], "Attenuation
characteristics of the SAR in a Cost 244 phantom with differenent EM source locations and sizes,"Proceedings of the 2004 ISAP, vol. 2 pp.793-796
Kawai, H., H Yoshimura, and K. Ito [2002a], "Effects of inaccurate electric constants of thebiological tissue-equivalent phantoms on the local averaged SARs at 900 MHz and 2.0 GHz, "Union
of Radio Science National Radio Science Meeting, p.51
Kawai, H., H. Yoshimura, and K. Ito [2002b], "Effects of inaccurate electric constants of thetissue-equivalent phantom on the local SAR and the SAR distribution, "Transactions. of IEICE, Vol.
J85-B, No.5 pp.619-630 (in Japanese)

45

Kawai, H., Y. Koyanagi, K. Ogawa, K. Saito, and K. Ito [2003], "A study on the evaluation of theelectromagnetic exposure in the human fetus model at 150 MHz, "2003 IEEE International APS,
vol. 3, pp.1087-1090
Kawai, H., H. WANG, K. Nagasawa, K. Ito, M. Takahasi, K. Saito, T. Ueda, M. Saito, H. Ito, Y.
Koyanagi, and K. Ogawa [2004a], "Evaluation of the SAR using a simple abdomen model based on
pregnant women data, "Proceedings of Indonesia-Japan Joint Scientific Symposium 2004,
pp.207-210
Kawai, H.，S. Member，and K. Ito，Senior Member，IEEE [2004b], "Simple evaluation method of
estimating local average SAR, "IEEE Trans．MTT，vol．MTT-52，No.8 pp.2021-2029
Kawano, N., K.Asari, Y.Kono, T.Iwata, and T.Takano [2001], "Doppler frequency acquisition by
4Eay method in SELENE" Radio Science Conference (AP-RASCʼ01), PA2-02, August 1-4, 2001．
Kihira, K., R. Yonezawa, and I. Chiba [2003a], “A simple configuration of adaptive array antenna
for DS-CDMA systems,” The IEICE Transactions on Communications, vol.E86-B, No.3, pp.
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Kihira, K., Y. Hara, and T. Sekiguchi [2003b], “A downlink beam selection scheme with feedback in
CDMA/FDD systems,” Vehicular Technology Conference, 2003. VTC 2003-Fall. 2003 IEEE 58th, vol.
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Kihira, K., Y. Hara, K. Hirata, H. Miyashita, and S. Makino [2004], “Closed-loop mode selection
scheme in CDMA/FDD systems,” The IEICE Transactions on Communications , vol.J87-B, No.9, pp.
1185-1193 (in Japanese)
Kikuma, N., T. Sasaki, and N. Inagaki [2002], "On improving the recursive unitary ESPRIT for
iterative DOA estimation, "Proceedings of 2002 Interim ISAP
Kikuma, N., and M. Fujimoto [2003a], "Adaptive antennas, "Trans. IEICE, vol. E86-B, No3
pp.968-979
Kikuma, N., W. Mizumukai, N. Inagaki, and K. Sakakibara [2003b], "On improving the CR-SCORE
adaptive array by using multiple cyclic correlation properties, "Proceedings of IEEE APS
Kikuma, N [2004c], "Iterative DOA estimation using subspace tracking methods and adaptive
beamforming, "Trans. IEICE, vol. J87-B, No.9 pp.1149-1161 (in Japanese)
Kiminami, K. , A. Hirata, and T. Shiozawa [2004], "Double-sided printed bow-tie antenna for UWB
communications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol.3, pp.152-153
Kimura, Y.,J. Hirokawa, M. Ando, and M. Haneishi [2002a], "Alternating-phase fed single-layer
slotted waveguide arrays with wide chokes at 76 GHz band,," IEEE AP-S/URSI, Vol.4, pp. 228-231
Kimura, Y., Y. Miura, J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2002b], "A low-cost and compact wireless terminal
with an alternating phase fed single-layer waveguide array for 26GHz fixed wireless accesssystems,," Journees Internationales de Nice sur les Antennas (JINA), Vol.2, p.455

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Konishi, Y., [2003], “Phased array antennas,” IEICE Trans. Commun., vol.E-86, No.3, pp. 954-967
Koyanagi, Y., H. Kawai, K. Ogawa, and K. Ito [2002a], "Consideration of the local SAR andradiation characteristics of a helical antenna using a cylindroid whole body phantom at 150 MHz,
"Transactions. of IEICE, vol.1, J85-B, No.5 pp.664-675 (in Japanese)
Koyanagi, Y., K. Ogawa, and K. Ito [2002b], "Correlation between the local SAR and the near E fieldof the dipole antenna close to the Cost244 phantom, "Proceedings of the 2002 ISAP, pp.97-100
Koyanagi, Y., H. Kawai, K. Ogawa, and K. Ito [2003a], "Internal distribution of the local SAR in thehuman abdomen measured by a split phantom and small helical antennas at 150 MHz, "2003 IEEE
International APS vol. 3, pp.1079-1082
Koyanagi, Y., H. Kawai, K. Ogawa, and K. Ito [2003b], "Estimation of the local SAR in the humanabdomen using a human body phantom and small antennas at 150MHz, "Transactions. of IEICE,
vol.1, J86-B, No.7 pp.1207-1218 (in Japanese)
Koyanagi, Y., K. Ogawa, and K. Ito [2003c], "A basic study on the relationship between the incident
E field and SAR distribution of an antenna near the human body, "Transactions. of IEICE, vol.1,
J85-B, No.5 pp.729-731 (in Japanese)
Koyanagi, Y., S. Kajiwara, K. Ogawa, and K. Ito [2004], "Movement of the peak SAR location inclose proximity to the surface of a COST 244 phantom exposed to a dipole array antenna,"Proceedings of the 2004 ISAP, vol. 2 pp.789-792.
Kuroda, S., Y. Inasawa, Y. Konishi, and S. Makino [2004a], “Radar cross section analysis
considering multi-reflection inside a radome using SBR method ,” 2004 IEEE AP-S International
Symposium Digest, session 159-3
Kuroda, S., Y. Inasawa, Y. Konishi, and S. Makino [2004b], “Radar cross section analysis
considering multi-reflection inside a radome using SBR method ,” International Symposium on
Antennas and Propagation, session 2E2-4
Kuroda, T., N. Kikuma, and N. Inagaki [2001], "DOA estimation using recursive 2D unitary
ESPRIT, "Trans. IEICE, vol. J84-B, No.11 pp.1946-1954 (in Japanese)
Makino, S., and N. Miyahara [2003], “Satellite onboard reflector antennas,” IEICE Trans. Commun.,vol.E-86, No.3, pp. 944-953
Miyachi, K, J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2003], "Analysis of radial line slot antennas with dielectric
layers over the aperture,," IEICE Trans. Commun., Vol.J86-B, No.3, pp.511-518 (in Japanese)
Miyata,K., K. Saito, and K. Ito[2004], "Improvement in the input impedance of a coaxial-slot
antenna for interstitial microwave hyperthermia, "Proceedings of Indonesia-Japan Joint ScientificSymposium 2004, pp.203-206
Mizumukai, W., N. Kikuma, K. Sakakibara, and H. Hirayama [2004], "CR-SCORE adaptive arraywith BFN using in-phase combining of multiple cyclic correlations, "Trans. IEICE, vol. J87-B,

47

No.9 pp.1249-1258 (in Japanese)
Miyahara, N., T. Mizuno, S. Matsumoto, H. Deguchi, and S. Urasaki [2001], “An influence onradiation characteristics by FSS on a beam-waveguide feed with FSS,” The IEICE Transactions on
Communications，vol.J84-B，11，pp.2017-2026
Nakaji, T., N. Kikuma, N. Inagaki, and K.Sakakibara [2003], "Optimization of MMSE- andCMA-based ESPAR antennas using marquardt method, "Trans. IEICE, vol. J86-B, No.9
pp.1925-1933 (in Japanese)
Nakano, H., H. Yasui, and J. Yamauchi [2002a], "Numerical analysis of two-arm spiral antennas
printed on a finite-size dielectric substrate, "IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,
vol.50. No.3 pp.362-370
Nakano, H., J. Eto, Y. Okabe, and J. Yamauchi [2002b], "Tilted-and axial-beam formation by asingle-arm rectangular spiral antenna with compact dielectric substrate and conducting plane,"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol.50. No.1 pp.17-23
Nakano, H., M. Fukasawa, and J. Yamauchi [2002c], "Discrete multiloop, modified multiloop, andplate-loop antennas--multifrequency and wide-band VSWR characteristics, "IEEE Transactions on
Antennas and Propagation, vol.50. No.3 pp.371-378
Nakano, H., K. Kosemura, T. Hamada, Y. Hirachi, J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2003a], "Cost-effective 60-GHz modules with a post-wall planar antenna for gigabit home-link systems,,"
European Microwave Week 2003 pp.891-894
Nakano, H., M. Iwatsuki, M. Sakurai, and J. Yamauchi [2003b], "A cavity-backed rectangularaperture antenna with application to a tilted fan beam array antenna, "IEEE Transactions on
Antennas and Propagation, vol.51. No.4 pp.712-718
Nakano, H., Y. Okabe, H. Mimaki, and J. Yamauchi [2003c], "A monofilar spiral antenna excitedthrough a helical wire, "IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol.51. No.3 pp.661-664
Nakano, H., M. Ikeda, K. Hitosugi, and J. Yamauchi [2004], "A spiral antenna sandwiched bydielectric layers, "IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol.52. No.6 pp.1417-1423
Nishimoto, K., T. Fukasawa, M. Ohtsuka, and S. Makino [2004a], “Optimization of crosspolarization characteristics for dual-polarized patch antennas,” IEEE AP-S 2004, vol.4,
pp.4352-4355
Nishimoto, K., T. Fukasawa, and M. Ohtsuka [2004b], “Cross polarization characteristics in theplanes tilted from the boresight of a dual-polarized patch antenna,” ISAP '04, vol.2, pp.365-368
Nishizawa, K., H. Okegawa, H. Miyashita, Y. Sunahara, and T. Katagi [2002], “A Linear dipole
antenna with crank sections suitable for an element operating at a lower band in dual-band array
antennas,” The IEICE Transactions on Communications , vol.J85-B, No.6, pp. 932-940 (inJapanese)
Noguchi, S., T. Fujimoto, K. Tanaka, and M. Taguchi [2003], “Stacked rectangular microstrip

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antenna with a shorting post for road vehicle communication,” Proc. of IEEE Antennas andPropagation Society International Symposium, vol. 3, 84.6
Okabe，S., K. Saito, H. Yoshimura, and K. Ito [2004], "Improvement on the input impedance of a
coaxial-slot antenna for interstitial heating by loading a matching circuit, "Trans. IEICE，vol. J87-B,
no. 10 pp.1741-1748
Onishi, T., R Ishido, K. Saito, S. Uebayashi, and K Ito [2004], "The influence of a phantom shell on
SAR measurement in higher frequency range (3-6GHz), "BEMS Twenty-Sixth Annual Meeting,P-B-26, pp. 163-164
Park, S., J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2002a], "Planar cross-junction for the center feed insingle-layer slotted waveguide arrays,," IEEE AP-S/URSI, Vol.3, pp. 416-419
Park, S., J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2002b], "A planar cross-junction power divider for the center
feed in single-layer slotted waveguide arrays,," IEICE Trans. Communication, Vol.E85-B, No.11,
pp.2476-2481
Park, S., J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2003a], "Design of a multiple-way power divider for center-feedsingle-layer waveguide arrays,," IEEE AP-S/URSI, Vol.2, pp.1165-1168, Session 80-3
Park, S., J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2003b], "Analysis and design of a waveguide slot and areflection -canceling inductive wall,," 2003 IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Communication
Technology, Session 23, p.08
Park, S., J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2003c], "Simple analysis of a slot and a reflection-cancelingpost in a rectangular waveguide using only the axial uniform currents on the post surface,," IEICE
Trans. Communication, Vol.E86-B, No.8, pp.2482-2487
Park, S., Y. Okajima, J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2004], "A slotted post-wall waveguide array withinter-digital structure for 45-deg linear and dual polarization,," IEEE AP-S International
Symposium and USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, Session:86, Vol.3, pp.2368-2371
Saito, K., S. Okabe, W. Miyamoto, H. Yoshimura, K. Ito, Y. Aoyagi, and H. Horita[2002], "Heating ofneck tumor based on MRI data by using a coaxial-slot antenna, "Proceedings of the 2002 Interim
ISAP pp.335-338
Saito, K., K. Ito, Y. Aoyagi, and H. Horita[2004a], "Heating performances of array applicator forinterstitial microwave hyperthermia: numerical simulation and clinical trial, "Proceedings of 2004
URSI EMT-S International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory, vol. 2 pp.1221-1223
Saito, K., K. Miyata, H. Yoshimuira, and K. Ito[2004b], "Practical study of a coaxial-slot antenna
with simple matching circuit for interstitial heating, "Proceedings of the 2004 ISAP , vol. 2
pp.797-800
Saito, K., K. Miyata, H. Yoshimura, K. Ito, Y. Aoyagi, and H. Horita[2004c], "Treatment system ofinterstitial microwave hyperthermia: clinical trials for neck tumor and improvement of antenna
elements, "Digest of International Union of Radio Science (URSI) National Radio Scientific Meeting,vol. 1 p.195

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Saito, K., K. Miyata, K. Ito, Y. Aoyagi, and H. Horita[2004d], "Coaxial-slot antenna for interstitial
microwave hyperthermia: heating performances and clinical trials, "Proceedings ofIndonesia-Japan Joint Scientific Symposium 2004, pp.199-202
Saito,K., H. Yoshimura, and K. Ito[2004e], "Study on feeding technique of array applicator for
uniform heating of large-volumed tumor in interstitial microwave heating, "Trans. IEICE, vol.
J87-B, no.3 pp.410-420 (in Japanese)
Saito,K., H. Yoshimura，and K. Ito [2004f], "Numerical simulation for interstitial heating of actual
neck tumor based on MRI tomograms by using a coaxial-slot antenna, "IEICE Transactions on
Electronics， vol. E86-C, no.12 pp.2482-2487
Saito，K., H.Yoshimura，K. Ito，Y. Aoyagi，and H. Hirita[2004g], "Clinical trials of interstitial
microwave hyperthermia by use of coaxial-slot antenna with two slots, "IEEE Transactions on
Microwave Theory and Techniques，vol. 52，no.8 pp.1987-199
Sakakibara, K., and N. Kikuma [2003a], "Feeding circuit of phased array composed of four slotted
waveguides with only one phase shifter using block excitation technique, "Proceedings of 2003
IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Communication Technology
Sakakibara, K., F. Saito, Y. Yamamoto, N. Inagaki, and N. Kikuma [2003b], "Microstrip line towaveguide transition conncting antenna and backed RF circuit, "Trans. IEICE, vol. J86-B, No.9
pp.2016-2020 (in Japanese)
Sakakibara, K., F. Saito, Y. Yamamoto, N. Inagaki, and N. Kikuma [2003c], "Microstrip line towaveguide transition connecting antenna and backed RF circuits, "Proceedings of IEEE APS
Sakakibara, K., A. Mizutani, N. Kikuma, and H. Hirayama [2004], "Measured performance ofslotted waveguide phased array antenna using feeding circuit of block excitation technique,"Proceedings of 2004 ISAP
Sorwar Hossain, M.G., J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2004a], "Parasitic dipole coupled transverse slot
and its radiation characteristic,," Proceedings of the 2004 International Symposium on Antennas
and Propagation (ISAP), POS-B-7, pp.1093-1096
Sorwar Hossain, M.G., J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2004b], "Parasitic strip dipoles to suppress
grating lobes in a waveguide transverse slot array,," IEEE AP-S International Symposium and
USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, Session:86, Vol.3, pp.2376-2379
Sri Sumantyo, J. T., and K. Ito, [2004a], "Simple satellite-tracking dual-band triangular-patch
array antenna for mobile satellite communications using ETS-VIII, "Proceedings of the 13th
International Symposium on Antennas (13 emes Journees Internationales De Nice Sur Les
Antennes-JINA2004), pp.270-271
Sri Sumantyo, J.T.,
K. Iit, D. Delaume, T. Tanaka, and H. Yoshimura[2004b], "Simple
satellite-tracking dual-band triangular-patch array antenna for ETS-VIII applications, "2004 IEEE
AP-S International Symposium and USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, vol. 3
pp.2500-2503

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Sri Sumantyo，J.T., K. Ito，D. Delaume，T. Tanaka， T. Onishi，and H. Yoshimura [2005], "Numericalanalysis of ground plane size effects on patch array antenna characteristics for mobile satellite
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Sudo, K., J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2003a], "Two types of exciting modes in a rectangular-to-radial
waveguide transformer as a feeder of radial line slot antennas,," European Microwave Week 2003
pp.935-938
Sudo, K., T, Hirano, J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2002a], "Radial line slot antennas fed by arectangular waveguide through a crossed slot,," ISAP, Yokosuka, 1B4-4, pp. 137-140
Sudo, K., T, Hirano, J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2002b], "Excitation of a rotating mode in a radial
waveguide by a cross slot-coupled rectangular waveguide,," IEEE AP-S/URSI, Vol.3, pp. 412-415
Sudo, K., T, Hirano, J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2003b], "A radial line slot antenna fed by arectangular waveguide through a crossed slot,," IEICE Trans. Communication, Vol.E86-B, No.10,
pp. 3063-3070
Sudo, K., J. Hirokawa, M. Ando, and M. Sierra-Castaner [2004a], "Full-model analysis of a radialline slot antenna including the feeder and estimation of the distance between slot pairs in thecircular direction,," Proceedings of the 2004 International Symposium on Antennas andPropagation (ISAP), 1D2-2, pp.189-192
Sudo, K., J. Hirokawa, M. Ando, and M. Sierra-Castaner [2004b], "Full-model analysis of a radialline slot antenna including the feeder and improvement of aperture field uniformity by shift ofposition of each slot pair in the radial direction,," IEEE AP-S International Symposium and
USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, Session:86, Vol.3, pp.2349-2352
Sugawara, S., T.Takano, E.Hanayama, and Y.Kami [2002], "An investigation on the construction
method of an ultra-large antenna for space-use" Proc. 23rd ISTS, ISTS 2002-j-12, Matue, Japan,
May 26-June 2, 2002.
Sugawara, A., T. Takano, E. Hanayama, and Y. Kami [2003a], "Investigation on an electricalpatching method of a gap between apertures by loading parasitic elements," Trans. of Institute ofElectrocnics, Information and Communication Engineers vol.J86-B, No.3, pp.519-526, 2003 (inJapanese).
Sugawara, A., Y. Kami, T. Takano, and E. Hanayama [2003b], "An investigation of the radiation
characteristics of an ultra-large antenna for space use" 21st Intn’l Commu. Satellite System Conf.
And Exhibit, AIAA 2003-2301, pp.1-4,April 2003.
Sugawara, A., and T. Takano [2003c], "Analysis of the radiation characteristics of an ultra-large
array antenna consisting of the element apertures for space use" IEEE AP-S Symp, 2003.
Suksmono, A.B., Hirose, A., [2003], "Adaptive beamforming by using complex-valued multi layer
perceptron," Proc. 2003 International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks / International
Conference on Neural Information Processing, pp.959-966

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Suksmono, A.B., Hirose, A., [2004], "Intelligent beamforming by using a complex-valued neuralnetwork," Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems, vol.15, 3-4, pp.139-147
Taguchi, M., T. Fujimoto, and K. Tanaka [2002a], “Comparison of numerical solutions of hollow
cylindrical dipole atnennas,” Proc. of 18th Annual Review of Progress in Applied Computational
Electromagnetics, pp.595-600
Taguchi, M., R. Nakamura, H. Shimoda, and K. Tanaka [2002b], “Rectangular microstrip antenna
excited by monopole antenna mounted on finite dielectric substrate,” Proc. of 2002 InterimInternational Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, 2A2-2
Taguchi, M., J. Araki, and K.Tanaka [2002c], “Small-sized Receiving Active Slot Antenna on
Rectangular Conductor,” IEICE Trans. Commun., vol.J85-B, No.9, pp. 1572-1574
Taguchi, M., Y. Yanagisako, and K. Tanaka [2003], “Active inverted-F antenna on side of small
conducting plate,” Proc. of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, vol.
1, 27.11
Taguchi, M., T. Okajima, H. Shimoda, and K. Tanaka [2004a], “Shorted rectangular microstrip
antenna on dielectric chip for 5.2 GHz wireless LAN,” Proceedings of IEEE Antennas andPropagation Society International Symposium, Vol. 4, pp.3812-3815
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Takahashi, T., Y. Konishi, H. Nakaguro and I. Iwase [2002], “A low-cross-polarization design
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Takahashi, T., and I. Chiba [2002], “Perturbational analysis of microstrip antennas with meshedground planes,” The IEICE Transactions on Communications, vol.E85-B, No.9, pp. 1787-1796
Takahashi, T., I. Iwase, H. Nakaguro, H. Miyashita, and Y. Konishi [2003], “A novel design method
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Communications , vol.J86-B, No.9, pp. 1833-1840 (in Japanese)
Takahashi, T., I. Iwase, H. Nakaguro, H. Miyashita, and Y. Konishi [2003], “A novel design method
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Communications, vol. J86-B，9，pp.1833-1840
Takahashi, T., Y. Konishi, T. Noguchi, N. Futagawa, and K. Kimura [2004], “Payload configuration
study for Quasi Zenith satellite system,” 22nd AIAA International Communications Satellite
Systems Conference & Exhibit 2004，AIAA2004-3234
Takano, T, S. Kuroda, H. Kobayashi, N. Kawaguch, and E. Hanayama [2001], "Measurement of alarge deployable antenna for radio astronomy in space" IEEE Antennas and Propagation SocietyInternational Symposium, pp.622-625 July 2001.

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Takano, T [2001b], "Development schemes of wireless power transportation in recent Japan"
WPT01, Reunion Island, Saint Pierre 14-17 May, 2001.
Takano, T, M.Natori, K.Miyoshi, and T.Inoue [2002a], "Characteristics verification of a deployable
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Takano, T [2002b], "Lightwave antennas for inter-satellite communications" IMS-2002 workshop,
June 2002.
Takano, T, [2003], "Needs for gigantic antennas for space use and their technical problems"
ICATT03, pp.63-67,September,2003.
Takano, T, A. Sugawara, and S. Sasaki [2003c], "System considerations of onboard antennas for
SSPS" JUSPS’03, pp.110-117, Kyoto, Uji, Japan, July 3-4,2003.
Takano, T, K. Miura, M. Natori, E. Hanayama, T. Inoue, T. Noguchi, N. Miyahara, and H. Nakaguro[2004a], "Deployable antenna with 10-m maximum diameter for space use" IEEE Transactions on
Antennas and Propagation, Vol.52, No.1, pp.2-11, 2004.
Takano, T, N. Kamo, and A. Sugawara [2004b], "Simplification of microwave transmission
antenna on board by reducing the fed elements" SPS’04, July, 2004(poster).
Takano, T [2004c], "Research on the space-tenna configuration in consideration of SPS systems"
AP-RASC’04, Qingdao, August, 2004.
Takano, T, and A. Thumvichit [2004d], "Ultra-low-profile dipole antenna in a quadruple mode"
IEEE AP-S and URSI, p.169, June, 2004.
Takano, T, A. Sugawara, and S. Sasaki [2004e], "System considerations of onboard antennas for
SSPS" The Radio Science Bulletin No311, pp.16-20, December, 2004.
Takemura N., M. Ohtsuka, I. Chiba, and S. Satou [2002], “ An improved rotating-element
electric-field vector method using amplitude and phase of composite field for phased array
antennas,” IEICE Trans. Commun.，Vol.J85-B，No.9，pp.1558-1565 (in Japanese)
Takemura N., M. Ohtsuka, H. Miyashita, and S. Makino [2003], “Deterministic subarray feed line
adjustment method for array antennas,” 2003 IEEE AP-S Topical Conference on WirelessCommunication Technology and NSF Wireless Grantees Workshop, Session9-2
Takemura N., H.Miyashita, Udagawa S., I.Chiba, and S. Makino [2004], “Side-lobe reduction ofantenna arrays by deterministic subarray feed line adjustment Method,” 2004 IEEE AP-S
International Symposium Digest, Session 96-10
Tanaka, T,. J. T. Sri Sumantyo., K. Ito, H. Yoshimura, D. Delaume, D. Ishide, K. Ishige, A. Miura,and S. Yamamoto[2004], "Simple satellite tracking patch array antenna for ETS-VIII applications
and outdoor experiments using a pseudo satellite+A19, "Proceedings of the 2004 ISAP, vol. 1
pp.369-372
Thumvichit, A., Y. Kamata, T. Takano[2004], "Offset-feed impedance matching of a53

half-wavelength dipole in proximity to a PEC plane" ISAP04, POS-A-26, pp.961-964, August, 2004.
Tsunemitsu, Y., S. Park, J. Hirokawa, M. Ando, Y. Miura, Y. Kazama, and N. Goto [2004a],"Reflection characteristics of center-feed single-layer waveguide arrays,," Proceedings of the 2004
International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP), 1D2-3, pp.193-196
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