Promotion to Residents regarding
Seismic Resistant Measures

Building Planning Section
Urban Building Division
Urban Development Bureau

1

Publicity to the Owners of Buildings along
the Emergency Transportation Roads
Promotion to Building Owners and Publicityof Regulation• Insertion on newspaper• Implementation of briefing meetings andindividual visits together with city/ward
government and TMG to building owners

2Specific Buildings along Specific Emergency
Transportation Road
Characteristics:

Apx. 5,000 buildings

 Owned by Company: 55%
 Condominiums: 12%
 Apx.93% of the owners recognize
the necessity of seismic retrofit Building age more than 40 years:28% (Building age more than 35years: 62%)
Source: Questionnaire to the Owners of theSpecific Building along Specific Emergency
Transportation Road (2009)3

Insertion on Newspaper[Make Seismic Diagnosis of Specific
Buildings along Specific Emergency
Transportation Road Obligatory]“Volition of Tokyo”(Major 6 Newspapers)

4Implementation of Briefing Meetings

5Implementation of Individual Visits6Outline of Briefing Meetings andIndividual Visits
Number ofTarget
Buildings

TotalLength(km)2009

Apx.1,000100

21 times

136 buildings(160 persons)

923

2010

Apx. 3,000

450

38 times

154 buildings(160 persons)

3,066

2011

Apx. 5,000

2,000

88 times

875 buildings(1,251 persons)

1,578

Briefing Meetings

IndividualVisits(buildings)

7

Earthquake ResistanceStandards of Buildings(Focusing on Building Standards Law)

8

Earthquake Resistance Standards are Specified
by the Building Standards Law
Various standards are specified in the Building Standard Law,
including earthquake resistance standards of buildings
1 Standards in urban areas(1) Relationship between
building site and road(2) Purpose zoning(3) Building-to-land ratio(4) Floor area ratio(5) Building height

2 Standards for buildings(1) Fire prevention/evacuation(2) Safety in daily life(3) Living environment/Sanitation(4) Structure (Earthquakeresistance standards)(5) Building equipment

Procedures in the Building Standards Law
Procedures from the development of a building plan to thestart of use are specified in the law and the involvement ofthe administration ensures the safety.
Design(Architect)

Development ofa building plan

Start of construction
Construction(Constructioncompany)
Construction
supervision(Architect) ）Construction

Building official / Designated inspection and confirmation body

Application & receiving aconfirmation certificate

Application & receiving
a conformity certificate

Building
confirmation

Examination ofStructural
calculation

Interim inspection

Final inspection
Completion ofconstruction

Start of use

Application & receiving
a conformity certificate

Basic Concept of Earthquake ResistanceStandards - 1
The basic concept is that the building structure must be safe
against not only earthquakes but also the dead load, live
load, snow load, and wind pressure.
Dead load:
Weight of concrete, reinforcing bars, etc.
Live load:
Weight of people, furniture, vehicles, etc.
Snow load:
Weight of snow
Wind pressure: Swaying caused by wind
Earthquake: Shaking caused by an earthquake

Basic Concept of Earthquake ResistanceStandards - 2
Deal with it based on the risk management concept and considering
economic efficiency, rather than to build perfect buildings to resist
any possible earthquake(1) Regular dead load and live load shall be safely supported.
(2) No damage shall be caused by a medium earthquake thatrarely occurs (once in 20 years).
(3) No fall or collapse shall be caused by a large earthquakethat very rarely occurs (once in 100 years)

Revision of the Law, with Earthquake as a Trigger
In Japan, a country of earthquakes, large scale earthquake disasters have trigged thestrengthening of earthquake resistance standards. The base of the current standards
were introduced in 1980.
Earthquake
The Tokachi-Oki Earthquake (1968)
Many cases of damage to RC buildings
M 7.9, 49 deaths, 673 buildings collapsed
The Miyagi-Oki Earthquake (1978)
Damage to the buildings with pilotis or large eccentricityM 7.4, 27 deaths, 651 buildings collapsed
The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake (1995)
Damage or collapse of the buildings with old earthquake
resistance standards or poorly constructed
M 7.2, 6,432 deaths, 104,906 buildings collapsed

Revision of the Law
Introduction of new earthquake resistancestandards (1980)
・ New provisions of two-step structural
calculation
・ Increase of the shear wall area for woodenbuildings

Introduction of interim inspection (1998)(reference)
Introduction of the Law for Promotion ofSeismic Retrofitting of Buildings (1995)Method of Structural Calculation introduced in 1980

Consideration of Story Deformation Angle
Floor withsignificant
deformation

Story deformation angle: Deformation of each floor

Method of Structural Calculation introduced in 1980

Consideration of Stiffness Ratio andEccentricity Ratio

Stiffness ratio: Balance ofeach floor’s stiffness

Eccentricity ratio: Balance ofeach floor’s stiffness inhorizontal plane

Method of Structural Calculation introduced in 1980

Retained Horizontal Strength≦Required horizontal strength:
Horizontal strength required foreach floor in the event of a large
earthquake

Retained horizontal strength:
Horizontal force that each floor’s
columns, beams, and shear walls
can bear