NAIST, Information Technology Center.

Nara Institute of Science and Technology
Information Technology Center.

Agenda Background

An Examination about
Gateway Determination Method
considering Route Stabilityon the Hybrid Ad-hoc Network

Types of Ad-hoc Network
Motivation

 Objective
 Gateway Selection Method
Route Stability

 Simulation
 Conclusion
 Future Work

Hideki Shimada
Information Technology Center
Postdoctoral Researcher

2004/10/28

NAIST, Information Technology Center.

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Background

Types of MANET

 MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork)Wireless multi-hop network among mobilenodesz Node Mobility Support

Autonomously constitutionz Anywhere, Anytime, AnybodyÎimportant framework of ubiquitous network

WirelessAccess Point

(Basically) No infrastructurez Distressed areaz ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems)z Battlefieldz Sensors
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Standalone(No Infrastructure)
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Hybrid(InfrastructureComplement)

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MANET Routing ProtocolMotivation

 Standalone

 Develop daily application on MANET.

On Demand Type

Many routing protocols are proposed.

z AODV -- RFC3561 [2003/07]
z DSR -- Internet Draft

z The issues of protocols will be finished.
z Development of applications is important in order tomake MANET general.

Table Driven Typez OLSR – RFC3626 [2003/10]
z TBRPF – RFC3684 [2004/02]

Wireless access points are placed in the publicspace.
ÎThese coverage areas are less insufficientthan those of the cellular phones.

 Hybrid
AODV6
Ryuji Wakikawa, Jari T. Malinen, Charles E. Perkins, Anders Nilsson, Antti
J.Tuominen, "Global Connectivity for IPv6 Mobile Ad Hoc Networks" (draftwakikawa-manet-globalv6-03.txt), Internet Draft, Internet Engineering TaskForce, Oct. 2003.

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ObjectiveOverview

 Implementation of wireless Peer-to-Peersystem using MANET technology.

Which gateway (wirelessaccess point) or routedoes node select?

Wireless multi-hop network is constituted in theenvironment where the wireless access pointsexist.
The coverage of the wireless access points andthe opportunities for our use are extended.

gateway
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Hybrid ad-hoc network

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Problem

Detection of Route Stability

 In many MANET routing protocol, nodes
use the routes that reply packets hasreached first.

 Criterions of stability
Hop countRoute connection timeRadio wave intensity
Installation location of wireless access point

Wireless connection between nodes is unstable.
z Mobility
z Characteristic of wireless network device

 [Future work] Write detection rule withthese criterions

 It is important to determine the morestable route.

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Simulation

Conditions of Simulation

The Number Area Sizeof NodeSpeedTransmission Range

50

1000X1000

Within 3m/s

250m

501000X1000

Within 15m/s

250m50

400X400

Within 3m/s

100m

50

400X400

Within 15m/s

100m

 Field size Æ 1000m×1000m and 400m×400m
 The number of mobile nodes Æ 50
 The number of static nodes Æ 2
 Mobile nodes move by Random Waypoint Model( within 3m/sor 15m/s)
 Simulation time Æ 100 second Routing Protocol Æ AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand DistanceVector ) Transfer area of radio wave Æ 250m or 100m
 Bandwidth of radio wave Æ 2Mbps
 Propagation model of radio wave Æ Two Ray Ground model Source node sends CBR packet of 500 byte at 4 packets / s Antenna characteristic Æ Omni antenna Node density is the same in all conditions.
 In the case that area size and node speed change,
simulations check the criterions of stability, hopcount and route connection time.
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Simulation Image

Simulation Result (1)Percentage of total communication time for every hop count( Area Size = 1000X1000)

110211312413Gateway X

5146157892%
3% 1%

8%
1000mor400m

0%

17%
12%

19%

Source Node

Gateway Y

18%

20%
1000m or 400m
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Simulation Result (2)Simulation Result (3)Percentage of total communication time for every hop count( Area Size = 400X400)

2345

number of occurrences
30

1225

106second1average time
142081561043%

5%

5215%

number

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0012345678hop count910111213141524%

second25%

602050401530
1020528%

10001

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second

10864
2030
20
10034567

number of occurrences

203530

1525
20

6789

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161015105 Route connection timeWhen hop count is bigger, connection time
becomes shorter.
However, the number of network division is also
effected.

numberaverage time

second5hop countWhen area size is smaller, hop count becomesmaller too.
When the speed of node is higher, hop countbecome smaller.

8

hop count50024

 Hop count and route connection time,criterions of stability, have compared.
 Hop countnumber of occurrences

numberaverage time

1

3

Simulation Consideration40

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Simulation Result (4)1number of occurrences

numberaverage time253456hop count2004/10/28

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Conclusion

Future Work Proposal of gateway selection in the hybrid
ad-hoc network.
 Consideration about criterions of routestability.
 By simulation, examination about effect ofhop count and route connection time.

 Implementation of MANET by using MANET
routing protocol.
 Examination in the real world by thisimplementation.

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