Publication of this volume was supported by the 21st Century Center of Excellence(CEO) Program of Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT).
©Vietnam Development Forum, 2007
Printed in JapanAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be introduced or translated intoanother language in any form or by any means, including photocopy or website uploading, without permission in writing from the Vietnam Development Forum.
The responsibility of facts and opinions expressed in this publication rests exclusively
with the authors, and their interpretations do not necessarily reflect the views or policyof the Vietnam Development Forum, and other institutions and individuals mentioned inthis publication.

CONTENTS

About the Authors ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯i
Acknowledgements ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯iii
Chapter 1

Introduction and Summary
Giang Thanh Long and Duong Kim Hong ⋯⋯⋯1

Chapter 2

Street Children in Vietnam: Interactions of Old andNew Causes in a Growing Economy
Duong Kim Hong and Kenichi Ohno ⋯⋯⋯11

Chapter 3

An Intervention Model of HIV/AIDS Protection for
Sex Workers: The Case of Quang Ninh Province
Nguyen Thi Minh Tam and Le Thi Ha ⋯⋯⋯49

Chapter 4Youth Work and Employment in Vietnam
Dang Nguyen Anh ⋯⋯⋯87

Chapter 5Sustainable Education Development under Globalization,and the Reforms of Teaching and Learning Methods inTeacher Training
Nguyen Thi Phuong Hoa ⋯⋯121

Chapter 6

Micro-determinants of Household Welfare, Social
Welfare, and Inequality in Vietnam
Tran Duy Dong ⋯⋯151

Chapter 7

The Elderly Population in Vietnam during Economic
Transformation: An Overview
Giang Thanh Long and Wade Donald Pfau ⋯⋯185

ABOUT THE AUTHORSDANG NGUYEN ANH is a professor, senior researcher, and vice-director of
the Department of International Cooperation at the Vietnam Academy ofSocial Sciences (VASS). He has established an intellectual network withother countries in the East and Southeast Asian region. He participates andcoordinates a range of research activities dealing with social development,population, adolescents, migration, and labor mobility. His list of publications includes numerous monographs, several books and academic articles.
He holds a Ph.D degree in sociology from Brown University.
DUONG KIM HONG is a researcher at the Vietnam Development Forum(VDF) Hanoi. Her research interests include social issues related to street
children and rural-urban migration. She is involved in a number of social
research projects and surveys in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. She earned aBachelor degree from Foreign Trade University, Hanoi.
GIANG THANH LONG is a lecturer of the Faculty of Economics, NationalEconomics University in Hanoi, and a researcher at VDF. His main
research interests are social security, poverty, demographic changes andpension reforms. He has published several articles and research papers onthese themes. He earned a Master of Public Policy (MPP) degree fromHitotsubashi University, Japan.
LE THI HA is the deputy director at the Department for Social Evils Prevention, Ministry of Labour, War Invalids and Social Affairs (MOLISA). Her
research interests are related to social protection and labor mobility. Shehas published a number of articles and papers on these topics. She earned aPh.D degree in economics from the National Economics University, Hanoi.
NGUYEN THI MINH TAM is a senior researcher at the Youth Study Center,Ministry of Home Affairs. She has participated in a number of research
projects concerning social and economic behaviors of youth, and also published several research reports. She obtained a Ph.D degree in educationsociology from the Institute of Youth, Moscow, Russia.
NGUYEN THI PHUONG HOA is a lecturer of didactics at the School ofForeign Languages at the Hanoi National University. Her research interestsiinclude student activating teaching and learning methods, sustainable education reform, and gender mainstreaming. She has published many academic articles, research papers and reports, and a co-authored book. Sheobtained a Ph.D degree in pedagogy from the University of Potsdam, Germany.
OHNO KENICHI is a professor at the National Graduate Institute for Policy
Studies (GRIPS) in Tokyo, Japan, and the research director of the Vietnam
Development Forum (VDF). He has been working on Vietnam’s development issues for more than ten years with particular interests in industrial
development strategy, street children, and labor migration. He has published numerous articles, papers, and books. He is also personally involvedin various social work to help vulnerable children and their families inVietnam. He holds a Ph.D degree in economics from Stanford University.
PFAU WADE DONALD is an associate professor at the National Graduate
Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS) in Tokyo, Japan. He earned a Ph.Ddegree in economics from Princeton University. He completed internships
at the U.S. Social Security Administration, the White House, and the U.S.
Senate while he was a student. His main research interests include social
security, pension, and the economics of aging. He published various articles
and papers on these issues. Recently, he is also doing research on economic
and social welfare of Vietnam, especially remittances, poverty, income distribution, and demographic changes and pension reforms.
TRAN DUY DONG is an expert at the Ministry of Planning and Investment(MPI), Vietnam. He is interested in trade liberalization, investment promotion, social and household welfare under economic changes in Vietnam. Heobtained a Master of Public Policy (MPP) degree from Hitotsubashi University, Japan.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This book is a collection of papers, which were prepared by VDF
staff as well as by outside researchers who received VDF’s supports. Earlier versions of these papers were presented in many workshops and conferences in Vietnam, Japan, and elsewhere. On behalf of the authors, wewould like to thank all the institutions and individuals, which are numerous
to list here, for their kind and enthusiastic support. Without such support,we could never have produced this book.
At the Vietnam Development Forum (VDF) in Hanoi, we are
grateful to Professor Kenichi Ohno, a professor of the National Graduate
Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS) and the research director of VDF on
the Japanese side, as well as Professor Nguyen Van Thuong, the Rector of
the National Economics University, Hanoi, and the research director ofVDF on the Vietnamese side, for providing all authors of the book withexcellent research conditions. We would like to thank all the researchers ofVDF, particularly Dr. Pham Hong Chuong, the General Manager of VDF,
for their encouragement and support in producing this book.
Many people from GRIPS also contributed greatly to the completion of the book. We are grateful to Professor Donna Amoroso and Ms.
Patricia Decker of the Academic Writing Center for their excellent andtimely editing. We are also thankful all the assistants of the Vietnam
Development Forum (VDF) in Tokyo and GRIPS Development Forum(GDF), especially Ms. Azko Hayashida, Ms. Asuka Suzuki, Ms. Nguyen
Thi Xuan Thuy, and Ms. Midori Chaki, for their tireless assistance in thepreparation of the manuscript, as well as in several related administrativeworks.
Last but not least, we are grateful to all the authors for their
excellent contributions. Their diligent work has enabled not only the timely
publication of the book, but also, much more importantly, the dissemination of useful information to both academic research and social policy discussions in Vietnam—a burgeoning country under rapid economic transformation and integration.
Giang Thanh Long and Duong Kim Hong
Editorsiii