3D Printing Trends 2020
Industry highlights and market trends

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Thank you for your interest in this trend reportby Protolabs. This report was originally publishedby Hubs, a company acquired by Protolabs in 2021,
so you will see references to Hubs listed throughout.
If you are interested in additional trend reports,
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Executive summary
Looking back on the last decade, the 3D printing landscape has changed drastically.
A technology that started as a prototyping solution has gained tremendous momentum for
manufacturing end-use parts for industrial applications. 2019 was a landmark year in this evolution.

3D printing is now adopted by the early-majority for serial production.
With ubiquitous applications across multiple industries - including Automotive,
Aerospace, Maritime, Medical, Space, Sports, Motorsports, Railway, and Defense 3D printing is changing new product development and aftermarket supply chains globally.
3D printing entrepreneurship is strong and driven by applications.
A record-high $1.1B+ was raised by 3D printing startups in 3D printing in 2019 alone.
Applications of 3D printing are attracting the largest number of investors.
The 3D printing market keeps growing at record speeds.
Top analysts agree that, as adoption steadily increases, the total 3D printing market willcontinue to double in size approximately every three years, despite current poor returnsof publicly traded 3D printing companies.
Professional users are turning to online manufacturing platforms.
The plethora of 3D printing materials and systems make it impossible for companies toinvest in in-house capabilities that cover all use-cases. Many professionals choose online
manufacturing platforms as the most competitive solution to fulfill their serial 3D printing
production needs.
3D printing is only one part of the new digital manufacturing stack.
Joined by other digital manufacturing technologies, such as CNC machining andlow-run injection molding, and empowered by digital supply chains and smart factories,
3D printing is forming the new manufacturing landscape.

In the Hubs 3D Printing Trends 2020 report, we take a look back at 2019
to help you better understand what lies ahead. In this report you’ll find:• A timeline with the most influential industrial

3D printing applications of 2019
• An overview of the current size andgrowth trends of the 3D printing market• The global distribution of the online 3D printing

demand based on transactional data
• A breakdown of the online demand by industry,

application, material and process• Commentary on the role of 3D printing in

the greater digital manufacturing landscape• Interviews with 3D printing subject expertson the state of the industry• Emerging trends and predictions for 2020 and beyond

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3×more professionals areusing 3D printing today
than 3 years ago

24%

40%
of all online 3D printed
parts in 2019 were forserial production

75%
of all online 3D printing
orders come from the top
three countries: USA, UK
and the Netherlands

is the forecasted average annual
growth of the 3D printing market
for the next 5 years

35%
of total VC fundingin 3D printing startups
was invested in 2019

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Table of contents
Introduction

5

Methods and approachBasic definitions and benefits of 3D printing

Market trends

6
7

8

Industry highlights: what happened to the 3D printing industry in 2019?

9

Startup highlights and VC funding

13

Market trends and sentiment

16

Global online 3D printing demandGeographic distribution

19

Breakdown by industry and application

22

Breakdown by materials and processes

23

Beyond 3D printing

24

Online 3D printing demand: The pillars of the new digital manufacturing stack

26

Industry expert interviews
Emilio Juárez, EMEA Head of 3D Printing Sales, HP

28

Max Lobovsky, Co-founder and CEO, Formlabs

29

Jon Bruner, Head of Enterprise Strategy, Carbon

30Dr. Cora Lüders-Theuerkauf, MGA Medical, a division of Mobility goes Additive

31

Predictions for 202032

About this report33

References

34

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Introduction

Methods & approach, and definitions

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Methods and approach
Data from five main different sources were collected to produce this report:• A systematic review of the news reported by the media• An analysis of the trends in VC funding raised for 3D printing startups• Market trends through a comparison of market analyst reports• Transactional data from the Hubs online manufacturing platform• Informational interviews with leading industry experts
The review of the news provides an overview of the direction of the industry with
an emphasis on the progress of large enterprises. These early industrial adopters areat the forefront of the technology and drive cutting-edge innovation and market growth.
Trends in VC funding reveal what direction the industry will take in the near future,
as an increased influx of capital into specific areas signals their substantial growth.
Market analysis gives an overview of the financial forces that drive the growthof 3D printing technologies. By comparing the results of multiple reports—all released in 2019—a more holistic picture of the current state and directionof the market can be drawn.
The analysis of the online transactions of the Hubs platform provides hard data on
the way 3D printing is used today by the majority of engineering professionals worldwide.
To gain more profound insights, we interviewed industry experts, who shared with us
their opinion on the current key trends of 3D printing and gave their predictions onwhat to expect moving into the new decade.

DMLS from a Concept Laser machine

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Basic definitions
and benefits of 3D printing

Professionals use 3D printing for two main purposes:• A prototyping solution to accelerate product development• A manufacturing technology for low-run production, and one-off custom parts

Here are the key benefits offered by 3D printing for each use-case:

3D printing for prototyping

Additive Manufacturing
for production

Rapid design iterations

Fewer design restrictions

Low-cost, functional prototypes

On-demand production

Widely accessible solution

Mass customization

Effective design communication

Distributed manufacturing

Since 3D printing can manufacture parts without the need for specialized tooling,
the startup costs of all AM technologies are relatively low. This makes 3D printing
an economically viable solution for prototypes, low-run production, and one-off custom
parts. Today, an increasing number of engineering and manufacturing firms are taking
advantage of advances in 3D printing technologies to design and manufacture uniqueparts with improved performance and productions that run at higher volumes—even for serial production.
To refresh and expand your knowledge on the specific benefits, mechanics, and applications of each 3D printing process, follow the links below to our comprehensive guides:
The definitive guide to 3D printing
Metal 3D printing technologies compared
The 3D printing handbook

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Market trends

What happened tothe 3D printing industry in 2019?

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Industry highlights
What happened to the 3D printing industry in 2019?

In 2019, Orbex 3D printed a rocket in a single piece [02](Courtesy Orbex)

Quarter 1
Themes:Industry, Medical

Themes:Applications, Space

Themes:Applications, Automotive, Mobility

Lima Corporate, the medical devicecompany that commercialized the first
3D printed hip cup implant, announced
in January that it will open an on-site
metal 3D printing facility at a hospital in
New York City. The facility is expected
to be in operation by early 2020 and it
will be the first of its kind. [01]The race to space is on for AM.
In February, Orbex [02], Launcher [03], and
ESA’s ArianeGroup [04] all revealed more
information about their progress on
producing a 3D printed rocket engine.
Thales Alenia Space manufactured an
AM titanium pressure vessel for space
exploration applications [05]. Later in theyear, Relativity Space signed a leasewith NASA to set up a robotic microfactory to produce their rockets thatare 95% by mass 3D printed [06] [07].

In February, Local Motors deployed
the first two 3D printed, autonomous
shuttles which will be roaming independently in the Sacramento State
University campus [08]. Later this year,
the company partnered with Airbus toestablish a micro-factory that will focus
on producing 3D printed solutions forground and air mobility, for example,
urban cargo, and drones [09].

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BMW announced in 2019 it aims to produce at least 50,000 components per year using AM(Courtesy BMW)

Quarter 2
Themes:Industry, Automotive,
Serial Production
BMW kicked off a project in April targeting the serial production of automotive parts with AM [10]. The company
is not the only car manufacturer thatsees AM as a serial production tool.
In the same month, Audi announced
that they are scaling their AM production for polymer components [11]. Laterin the year, Volkswagen announced
that 10,000 high-quality parts for their
EV were produced in just a few weeks
using HP’s metal binder jetting system.
[12]

Themes:Applications, Industrial Operations
In May, SmileDirectClub announced
their plan to 3D print molds for theirdental aligners on a massive scale,following the success of Invisalign [13].
Dental is only one of the industries that3D printing can improve operational
efficiencies. Some other examples in2019 come from the food and beverageindustry, with Heineken [14] and Kaspar
Schulz [15], the automotive industry, with
Volvo Trucks [16], and the textile industry(with Lonati [17]) to name a few.
Themes:Applications, Aerospace,
Serial Production
In June, Norsk Titanium was recognized as part of Boeing’s Material
Allowables Program, expanding thecollaboration of the two companies
for serial produc-tion of structural
titanium parts for passenger airplanes[18]. The serial produc-tion of aircraftcomponents was on the rise in 2019.
Airbus on-boarded two new suppliersof metal AM parts in its supplier
network [19] [20]. Avio Aero, a businessof GE Aviation, started the productionof a turboprop engine manufactured
with AM [21], and other companies like

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Rolls Royce [22] and Boom Supersonic[23]
both made large investments in AM
equipment.
Themes:Applications, Aircraft, Supply Chain
In Q2, Collins Aerospace [24], andMarshall Aerospace [25], as well as
British Airways later in the year [26],revealed the expansion of theiractivities in the field of AM. Thesefirms were added to the long list of Air
Carriers and Aircraft Maintenance,
Repair, and Operations (MRO)
companies that use AM to improvethe efficiencies of their supply. This
list includes companies such as Air NZ[27], Qatar Airways [28], and Lufthansa
Technik [29]. The use of AM in aircraft
MRO is only expected to increase as
SAE International published in October
the first AM specifications for theaerospace industry [30].

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Last year, the Renault F1 team announced its partnership with Jabil
to produce 3D-printed car parts (Courtesy Renault)

Quarter 3
Themes:Applications, Railway, Supply Chain

Themes:Applications, Motorsports,
Product Development

Themes:Applications, Sports,
Consumer Products

In August, FIA, the governing bodyof Formula One, used AM to test andissue new regulations for race vehicles
for next year’s competition [31].
3D printing has become commonplace in motorsport teams in 2019shown by example from F1 with Renault
F1 [32], IndyCar racing with Arrow SPM[33], endurance racing with Toyota
Motorsport [34], and even drag racingwith Don Schumacher [35].

Specialized [36] and fizik [37] bothannounced in Q3 their plans to use
Carbon’s 3D printing technology
to produce adaptive bike saddles.
The sports industry found more
applications for resin-based 3D
printing. Earlier in the year, New
Balance revealed their new sneakerwith an insole 3D printed with Formlabs
printers [38]. Also, Riddel released
American football helmets withcustomizable padding and an impactabsorbing lattice structure design [39].

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Obsolete plastic train components
were 3D printed, certified and put into
operation in UK trains in September[40]. Later in the year, Mobility goes
Additive obtained approval to start
additively manufacturing a highlyloaded part of the brake unit used inGerman trains [41].

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In Feburary, it was announced the USS Harry S Truman will be the first aircraft
carrier to contain a 3D-printed metal part (Courtesy US Navy)

Quarter 4
Theme:
Industry, Sustainability

Themes:Applications, Defense, Supply Chain

Themes:Applications, Maritime

In October, Made In Space announced
that they are sending a plastic
recycling system to support the AM
facility on the ISS [42]. Sustainability is
an important, but often overlooked,
topic in AM with initiatives initiatedmainly from material companies suchas Henkel [43], DSM [44], and 6K [45].
The latter claimed in November they
produced the first metal powder for
AM from sustainable sources.

In December, the US Air Forceannounced a seven-year $322Magreement with America Makes toadvance the adoption of AM [46]. Thiswas one of many activities of armed
forces units in the area of 3D printing
in 2019. The technology is alreadyintegrated into the supply chain of
the US Marines [47] and US Army [48]and has been used to produce highperformance parts for the US Air Force[49], the US Navy [50], and the Russian
Army [51]. AM will also play an importantrole in manufacturing five newwarships for the Spanish Navy [52].

In November, the University of Maine
revealed a boat that was fully 3D
printed in one piece to demonstrate
the capabilities of the technology[53]. In an industrial setting, the use of
AM for spare parts and replacement
components in the maritime industry
is also steadily increasing, withcompanies like Wilhelmsen [54],Thyssenkrupp [55] and Navantia [52]leading the way.

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Startup highlights and VC funding
More than $1.1B was raised by 3D printing startups in 2019

Startups with activities in 3D printing raised over $1.1B in 2019 alone [56], with all-timefunding exceeding $3.0B [57]. 3D printer manufacturers acquired over two-thirds ofthe total funding from venture capitalists, with startups working on 3D printing
applications, materials, manufacturing services, and software acquiring each 8 to 12%of the remaining funding.
Similar to other industries, VC investment in 3D printing is mainly centralized in the US
with companies like Carbon ($2.4B), Desktop Metal ($1.5B), and Formlabs ($1.0B) [56] —all 3D printing system manufacturers headquartered in the US—already acquiring“unicorn” status since 2018.
However, the 3D printing startup scene is changing. Funding is increasing in both
China and Europe—from both private investors and EU-lead programs—to promote thecompetitiveness of the local digital manufacturing economies. We also see an increasein the number of investments in 3D printing applications, especially in the space, and
MedTech sectors.

Number of 3D printing investments
by category
4%
9%
30%
13%

19%
25%

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Applied 3D printing
3D printer manufacturers
Manufacturing platforms
SoftwareMaterials producers
Other

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Q1

Desktop Metal (US)

Hubs (Netherlands)

3D printer manufacturer(metals, composites)
Raised $160M in January (Series E) [58]Manufacturing platform
Raised $20M in March (Series C) [59]

Mecuris (Germany)

Additive Industries (Netherlands)

Applied 3D printing(MedTech)
Raised $4M in January (Series A) [60]

3D printer manufacturer(metals)
Raised $10M in January [61]Vader Systems (USA)Markforged (USA)

3D printer manufacturer(metals)
Acquired by Xerox in February [62]3D printer manufacturer(metals, composites)
Raised $82M in March (Series D) [63]

BCN3D (Spain)
3D printer manufacturer(polymers)
Raised $3M in March (Seed) [64]Q2

Fast Radius (USA)Dyndrite (USA)

3D printing service provider
Raised $48M in April (Series B) [65]

3D printing software
Raised $10M in April (Series A) [66]

Xometry (USA)

Carbon (USA)Manufacturing platform
Raised $50M in May (Series D) [67]

3D printer manufacturer (polymers)
Raised $260M in June (Series E) [69]

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Q3

Q4

Fortify (USA)

Axial3D (UK)

3D printer manufacturer(composites)
Raised $10M in July (Series A) [69]Applied 3D printing(MedTech)
Raised $3M in July (Series A) [70]Spectroplast (Switzerland)

Redefine Meat (Israel)

Material manufacturer (silicone)and manufacturing platform
Raised €1.4M in August (Series A) [71]Applied 3D printing(FoodTech)
Raised $6M in August (Series A) [72]Relativity Space (USA)

Additive Manufacturing
Technologies (UK)

Applied 3D printing(Space)Raised $140M in October(Series B) [73]Process automation(post-processing)
Raised $5.2M in October (Series A) [74]

Link3D (USA)

Sculpteo (France)

3D printing software
Raised $7M in October (Series A) [75]Manufacturing platform
Acquired by BASF in November [76]Postprocess Technologies (USA)Inkbit (USA)Process automation(post-processing)
Raised $20M in November(Series B) [77]

3D printer manufacturer(polymers)
Raised $12M in November [78]HeyGears Technology (China)
3D printer manufacturer (metals)
and manufacturing platform
Raised $60M in December(Series B) [79]

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Market trends and sentiment
3D Printing market forecast$50

Estimated market value ($USb)

$40

$30

Historic data
Forecast
Worst-caseBest-case
Wohler's
EY
SmarTech
IDC
RNM
Report Linker
Alliend Market
Brand Essence
Insight Partners
Accumen Research

$34.9

$28.3

$23.2

$19.1

$20
$15.4

$12.1
$9.3

$10
$6.0
$4.0

$7.1

$4.8

$0.0
2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Footnote:* 	The historic market size was calculated by averaging the market size reported by Wohler's
associates [80], EY [81], and SmarTech [82].
** The forecasted market size in the media market size reported by all market analysts.
***	The worst-case and best-case scenarios were calculated starting at ±15% of the market
size in 2018 and by applying 20% and 28% CAGR respectively.

The graph above summarizes data reported by ten reputable market analysts who
evaluated the additive manufacturing market segment in 2019. It was constructedbased on publicly available information and it provides the best estimate of the current
size and future potential of the global 3D printing market by combining data from different
sources.
In 2019, the global 3D printing market was estimated at $12.1B on average (or at a range
between $9.9B and $15.0B by different analysts), seeing a 25% year-over-year growthsince 2014. This includes revenue from 3D printing systems, software, materials, andservices, but excludes internal corporate investments in AM technologies.
For the following five years, analysts expect the market to grow on average at 24% CAGR,
reaching $35.0B by 2024 and doubling in size approximately every three years. However,external variable factors could lead to growth as low as 20% or as high as 28%, resulting
in a market size below $24.0B or above $45.0B in 2024. Such variables include factors
internal to the 3D printing industry, such as the rate of adoption for serial production,
developments in materials and systems, and reduction in total costs. They also include
external factors, such as customer demands and the greater economic climate.

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The promoters of growth“The adoption of
3D printing byprofessionals
tripled over the
past 3 years.”

In 2019, two large market research studies by EY [81] and Ultimaker [83] were published.
Both studies surveyed a large sample of industrial companies—both current users andnon-users of 3D printing—to assess their sentiment towards the technology. Both surveys
found evidence that supports the accelerated adoption rate of 3D printing by industrial
users, but also found a lot of room for growth, which will likely have a very positive effecton the growth of the 3D printing market in the coming years.

For example, EY reported that out of 900 companies, 65% are already applying 3D
printing and 18% are considering its application in the near future (from 24% and 12%
respectively in 2016). Ultimaker paints a slightly different picture. Their survey found outof 2,500+ companies, 67% of the respondents were aware of the terms '3D printing' or'Additive Manufacturing', but only 35% are applying it—which is still a significant increase
from 10% in 2014.
More importantly, EY’s study found that 18% of the respondents already use AM for serial
production. This means that 3D printing has “crossed the chasm” of adoption, whichlies at the 16% mark, according to the technology adoption life cycle model [84]. At thisrate, the use of AM for manufacturing end-use parts is expected to be adopted by theearly majority (that is 50% of all companies) by 2022, signifying a significant increase inproduction volumes and hence market size.

The critics

However, the growth of the 3D printing market hasn’t happened without some hiccups.
For example, the latest Wohler’s report found that desktop 3D printing systems saw asignificant decline in annual growth in 2018, as well as several complete shutdowns [80].
This signifies that the consumer sector is not a suitable target market for the technology.
The metal 3D printing market—a segment that has been growing at a rate of over 40%
year-over-year for the past five years, driving the whole growth of the market [80] —may also start slowing down. In a recent study by Roland Berger, the consultants of thefirm identified that many metal AM users are currently having problems reaching full
utilization of their machines [85]. That was attributed to the increased number of suppliersof commodity components, which surpasses the current demand. The strict and currently
often unclear process qualification requirements for specialized applications may also
have had an influence.
The poor performance of the 3D printing stocks is another worrisome indicator.
In the past four years, out of the top five US stocks related to 3D printing, only two(the service providers, Materialise and Proto Labs) have managed to beat the market [86] [87].
However, market commentators note that PRNT, the ETF which is designed to track theprice movements of stocks of companies involved in the 3D printing industry, can makea comeback in the near future [88] [89].

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Service providers
and online manufacturing

Market share of global AM players

8%

4%

38%

16%

3D printer manufacturers
Manufacturing platforms
Materials producers
Software3D scanning

34%

Source: EY [81]We have identified that the AM service provider sector is one of the fastest-growing
sectors within the 3D printing industry. Its growth is even impacting the manufacturingindustry in less obvious ways. For example, forging and casting manufacturers withactivities in the aerospace industry are reluctant to expand their capacity, even when
demand increases, because they see AM as a replacement technology and they don’t
want to be faced with unused capacity [90].
The size of this segment is estimated by market analysts to be approximately 34% of
the total. Based on research by Hubs, at least 35-45% of this share can be attributed
to “online manufacturing”. The term “online manufacturing” or “Manufacturing-as-aService” refers to online platforms that automate the procurement and sourcing process
in the manufacturing industry [91]. It is the opposite to “offline” manufacturing where mostoperations on the supply chain (inquiry, price negotiation, etc.) are performed manually.
The next sections analyze transactional data collected through the Hubs platform
to create a snapshot of the global distribution of 3D printing demand by professional
users today.

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Global online 3D printing demand
Geographic distribution

Online 3D printing demand by country
Online 3D printing demand by country

Source: 3D Hubs

13,558Source: Hubs

13,558258,484,531

258,484,531

This map gives an overview of the global distribution of online 3D printing demand basedon transactional data from the Hubs platform. It graphically represents the locationof customers who collectively ordered more than 550,000+ 3D printed parts in 2019.
North America and Europe are the clear leaders in online 3D printing, representing
together more than 95% of the global demand. The US alone amounts to nearly 50%of the worldwide demand for 3D printed parts.
Compared to 2018, the total value of 3D printed parts increased by up to 300%, while
the number of parts printed did not increase at a similar rate. This is a clear indicator thatonline 3D printing has moved away from the low-value consumer market and has been
integrated into the workflows of professional users who have higher demands in terms of
performance and quality, and are willing to pay the higher price tag.

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Online 3D printing demand by US state

Source: Hubs

13,55897,645,192

More than 260,000 parts were 3D printed in the USA through the Hubs online
manufacturing platform in 2019. The map shows the distribution of 3D printing demandby state based on the customer’s location.

“The total valueof 3D printed parts
tripled in 2019
compared to year.”

California extended its lead as the state with the highest 3D printing demand in 2019.
More than 22% of the total parts produced in the US were shipped to customers basedin this state—from 21% in 2018. The strong hardware and tech scenes of Silicon Valley,
Los Angeles and San Diego are a substantial driver of this trend.
New York, Texas, and Massachusetts followed at 7%, 6%, and 5% respectively. These
are also states that house companies with a strong focus on innovation and technology.

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Online 3D printing demand by European country

Source: Hubs

13,558“The demand for3D printing inEurope remains
strong, with
the UK leading.”

97,645,192

More than 230,000 parts were 3D printed for European customers through the Hubs
platform in 2019, which is only 30,000 short compared to the US. The map shows thecountries with the highest demand.
The UK led the way in online 3D printing with almost 100,000 parts 3D printed in 2019and delivered to 7,000+ customers—that is 44% of the total demand in Europe, surpassing
even the state of California. The Netherlands came second and Germany close third with
30,000+ parts, while France followed with 15,000+ parts.
The European online 3D printing demand follows similar patterns to the demandin the US. It’s driven by countries with a strong focus on technological innovation,
hardware and manufacturing.

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Breakdown by industry and application

Online 3D printing demand by industry

4%

3%

6%
31%

10%

10%

14%

21%
Industrial
Electrical
Consumer
Services
MedicalAutomotive
AerospaceMedia & Arts

Source: Hubs

The graph shows the distribution of online 3D printing demand by industry based on arepresentative sample of professional users. [92] Over 65% of the demand comes from professional users working in the development of Industrial, Electrical or Consumer Goods.
On the other hand, professionals in the Aerospace, Automotive, and Medical industries
prefer to produce parts in-house or outsource using traditional “offline” supply chains.
To gain a deeper understanding of how professional users are taking advantage of 3D
printing, we tracked the number of parts they included in each order. The main assumption here is that the majority of orders with a lower number of parts are primarily used
for prototyping purposes, while the majority of orders with a higher number of parts areintended for end-use applications. A reasonable threshold that describes correctly 90%
of all cases for this segmentation was found to be at 20 parts per order.

“Small-to-medium
production
corresponds
to 70% of thetotal 3D printing
demand.”It was found that the overwhelming majority of all orders (more than 80%) included lessthan 20 parts. This data shows that prototyping is still the primary use of 3D printing.
However, the remaining 20% of orders correspond to more than 70% of the total numberof parts that were 3D printed in 2019, showing that the production of 3D printed parts for
end-use applications through small-to-medium production runs is a significant share of
the online 3D printing demand.

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Breakdown by materials and processes

The following graphs breakdown the online 3D printing demand by material and by
3D printing process. In terms of volume, parts produced from prototyping plastics withextrusion-based 3D printers (FDM / FFF) corresponds to approximately two thirds ofthe total demand, while the demand for metal parts is almost 100 times smaller thanthat for plastic parts.
When we breakdown the demand in terms of value-added, we’re looking at a different
picture. Prototyping plastics still captures the largest market share, but engineering
plastics and resins follow very closely behind. The share of metal 3D printing has also
increased considerably, as the average order value for metal parts is 10 times higher
than that of plastics.
In terms of 3D printing processes, FDM / FFF is the clear leader in both the total numberof parts and the total value. This can be attributed to the proliferation and low-costof those systems, as well as their low barrier-to-entry from a Design for Additive
Manufacturing (DfAM) perspective.

Online 3D printing demand by plastic

Prototyping plastics
Engineering plastics
ResinsNumber of parts

66%

25%

9%

Value of parts

38%

0%

34%

25%

50%

28%

75%

Footnote:* Prototyping plastics: PLA, ABS, PETG
Engineering plastics: Nylon, TPU, ASA, PEI
Resins: Standard resins, Engineering resins
Metals: Stainless steel, Aluminum

Trend Report 2020

100%

Source: Hubspress@hubs.com
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Beyond3D printing

How 3D printing fits into
the greater manufacturing landscape

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Beyond 3D printing“3D printing
is only a fractionof the total valueadded by online
manufacturing.”

Let’s take a step back at this point to assess the position of 3D printing in the greater
manufacturing landscape, by comparing the total number of orders and the total value ofthe parts produced in 2019 through 3D printing versus CNC machining, another widelyused digital manufacturing technology. Even though more 3D printing orders were placed,
its total value was approximately lower than that of CNC machining.
If other technologies, available through the Hubs online manufacturing platform,
are taken into account, such as injection molding and sheet metal fabrication,then the share of 3D printing is even smaller.
For example, the total contract manufacturing market surpassed $175B in 2019 [93],while the share of 3D printing service providers was estimated at approximately$4B or about 2% of the total [81].
These observations bring up an important point: 3D printing is the newest—and thus,
the most interesting and covered in the media—digital manufacturing process. However,it’s only one of the many enabling technologies that empower the digital transformationthat is currently taking place in the manufacturing industry.

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Online 3D printing demand
The pillars of the new digital manufacturing stack

There are three main pillars that enable this new digital manufacturing landscape:new technologies, online supply chains, and smart factories.
Digital manufacturing technologies, like 3D printing, and CNC machining, make itpossible to produce parts directly from a CAD file, closely connecting the digital realm
to the physical world. Their common denominator is the need for no tooling (or rapidly
manufactured tooling), reducing the lead times drastically and the economic barrier tomanufacturing. Even manufacturing technologies like injection molding are turning digital,
as inexpensive molds can be manufactured quickly using 3D printing or CNC machining.
Digital manufacturing technologies radically change the way companies think about
manufacturing. These technologies allow them to quickly start, stop, or scale production
whenever they need to respond to fluctuations in the demand for their products.
Manufacturing companies responded to the proliferation of digital technologies
by turning their production lines into smart factories. All aspects of manufacturing
operations are measured in real-time, the collected data are analyzed online, andproduction is controlled remotely using robotics and automation. Also, digital twins of the
manufacturing systems are used to simulate the process and predict their performance.
These optimized workflows reduce waste and lead time. They also help achieve higher
efficiencies and competitiveness, and ultimately better products at a lower cost.
The end-users of the manufacturing supply chain are the engineering companies whodevelop and design the products. What impacts their operations the greatest in this
digital transformation is the emergence of online supply chains. More specifically, online
manufacturing platforms, like Hubs, give access to engineers worldwide to the available
capacity of manufacturers in their network, lowering the barrier to entry and expediting
hardware development cycles. Online manufacturing platforms offer three major benefits
that impact both engineering and manufacturing companies:
Online manufacturing automates and expedites the order placement
process. Online manufacturing platforms develop algorithms that automate
the assessment of whether a part can be manufactured, by what process and atwhich price. These manufacturability algorithms have been described as having
the same potential strategic importance to Google’s search algorithm [94]. This isbecause they have shrunk into a matter of minutes a manual process that would
have traditionally taken days to complete.
Online manufacturing provides price transparency to a previously closed
marketplace. Quotes for certain parts can vary by as much as 300% acrossdifferent suppliers, forcing purchasing managers to spend a lot of timecomparing prices and quality. By providing instant quotes generated by
AI engines that draw information by a large set of previous orders, online
manufacturing platforms are becoming the equivalent to the stock market
of manufacturing. This will foster greater speed and efficiency, but will also
allow manufacturing companies to gauge effectively whether their offering iscompetitive.

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Online manufacturing reshapes the global manufacturing landscape.
Distributed manufacturing has always been appealing, as proximity means
speed and reduced transportation costs. However, economies of scale and thehigh equipment cost resulted in the centralization of manufacturing in certain
locations—usually in Asian countries. Online manufacturing platforms arechanging this status quo. By increasing the usage of installed manufacturingsystems, the return on investment for manufacturers is also higher. Making
the establishment of digital manufacturing companies that serve their local
markets economically viable [91]. The result for the end-user and the engineering
companies, is the creation of more flexible, efficient, responsive, anddistributed manufacturing supply chains, reducing their overhead costs andallowing them to innovate faster.

To learn more about how online manufacturing platforms are helping engineering
companies worldwide to bring their products to market faster in practice, explore
our case studies.

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Industry expert interviews
Interview with Emilio Juárez,EMEA Head of 3D Printing Sales, HP

HP is striving to pave the way for industrial development, launching into theadditive manufacturing industry backin 2015 with the release of their Multi
Jet Fusion and building on that success with the HP Metal Jet in 2018. To
learn more about the current state of
3D printing and its future, we spoke to
Emilio Juárez, EMEA Head of 3D Printing Sales at HP.
“The interest in Additive Manufacturing has been present in the industry fora long time, but there were too many
limitations that prevented adoption like
speed, part quality, and cost,” stresses Emilio. Now, new technologies areclosing this gap and becoming a potential alternative to traditional manufacturing processes.
“With the introduction of MJF 3 years
ago, we increased production capacity
and lowered cost per part to unprecedented levels,” adds Emilio, “and lastyear, we focused on taking repeatability to unknown heights.” After eliminating the need to quality check each 3D

printed part, HP’s current focus is on
automating processes.
This focus on automation feeds into
HP’s long term aim. “We intend toprovide a valid alternative for producing not only very sophisticated, highvalue parts, but also everyday parts,”
shares Emilio, “so the reason for using
AM doesn’t come exclusively from theneed to produce complex geometries
or custom parts at a high volume.”
Emilio notes some AM operations havescaled up to factory dimension producing millions of parts, and he’s alreadyseeing the high demand for AM metal
application.
“AM drivers today are mainly lower
cost for shorter runs, personalizationand functionality optimization,” explains Emilio. “The first two are obvious, but the third one is becoming
increasingly relevant. We see everyday
examples of products that deliver better performance because they’ve been
designed to benefit from the freedom
3D printing allows.”

Trend Report 2020press@hubs.com
www.hubs.com“Looking forward to 2020, I believe
we’ll start seeing breakthrough applications in which AM will replace
traditional manufacturing methods,”
he claims. As manufacturers start togain confidence in AM, new players
enter this space, attracted by the rising
opportunity. Emilio also predicts significant growth in online, on-demand
manufacturing services thanks to thegreater dependability coming fromfurther certifications and production
repeatability.
As a final thought, Emilio points out
what he believes is one of the mostimportant inhibitors for AM adoption:
not enough attention is given to how
manufacturing companies will manageinternal changes, sparked by AM, intheir product development process
and supply chain. “In my view, this canonly be overcome by training and consultancy,” emphasizes Emilio, “which
could fully unleash AM potential in theindustry.”

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Interview with Max Lobovsky,
Co-founder and CEO, Formlabs
Formlabs is an ambitious company,
expanding access to digital fabrication
to empower anybody to makeanything. As the professional printer ofchoice for engineers, manufacturers
and designers, Formlabs continues
to push boundaries by developing
its own suite of high-performancematerials and best-in-class 3D printing
software. We got the chance to speak
to Max Lobovsky, Co-founder and
CEO at Formlabs, to get his take on theindustry.
For Max, there are three main factors
behind Additive Manufacturing
today. The first is the accessibilityof printers: “We are now seeing
industrial-level systems for less than
$10k that require minimal training
and maintenance,” shares Max, “Thishas made it easier than ever to getstarted with 3D printing.” The steadyprogress in capabilities accessible to
3D printers is also a driver, with today’s
printers providing a better surface
finish, finer part detail, and larger
build size. “Combining that with an

expanded array of materials means 3D
printing can be applied to many more
applications,” adds Max.
Lastly, Max also put the adoption of
3D printing down to increased
knowledge in the workforce. “Today,
I would estimate that more than half ofthe mechanical engineers graduatingfrom university have used a 3D printer,”claims Max, “10 years ago, it would
have been a small fraction of that.
Waves of hype in 3D printing, even if
they have been misguided, have also
helped to raise awareness.” According
to Max, lower costs, faster cycle times,
and overall accessibility are the reasons
why customers are adopting 3D
printing over machining and injection
molding.
In 2019, the developments in new
hardware and materials have been ahighlight for Max, especially whenthey’ve made new user applications
possible. “For example, developing
Low Force Stereolithography (LFS) is
opening up new possibilities of further

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innovative materials for our systemand expanding potential use cases,”
explains Max, “Also, scaling the printerfootprint with the Form 3L is allowing
companies like New Balance torethink their approach from design tomanufacturing.”
Outside of AM, the most exciting areaof innovation for Max is the increased
digitization in manufacturing, which
continues to provide opportunities forcost saving, customization of products,
and faster new product introduction.
For 2020, Max believes we’ll see
a continued trend of many more
powerful AM capabilities becoming
available in significantly moreaccessible systems. He forecasts,“Large format SLA and SLS will go frombeing niche, >$100,000 type systems
to systems found in thousands of shops
around the world.”

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Interview with Jon Bruner,
Head of Enterprise Strategy, Carbon
Carbon’s aim is to reinvent how
polymer products are designed,
engineered, manufactured anddelivered towards a digital andsustainable future. Jon Bruner, Head ofEnterprise Strategy at Carbon, shared
his insights and the latest trends in the
additive manufacturing industry.

of 3D printing, according to Jon.
“They’ve figured out how to organize
their product development processes,
build expertise, and work with new
supply chains. This is foundational
knowledge which will drive the growthof AM for years to come.”

For Jon, the business case for 3D
printing is becoming more robust.
“As more evidence demonstrates
the value of 3D printing, it becomeseasier for business leaders to justify
investments in 3D printers and todrive the development of 3D-printed
products.” A decade ago, polymer
3D printing was only suitable for light
prototyping. Now it can replace highimpact injection molded parts - andsometimes even machined aluminum- in end use applications. “With every
new application, 3D printing needs toprove itself against a different legacymanufacturing niche,” remarks Jon,
“and every time that happens, themarket grows.”

But overall, what excites Jon the mostin AM is the convergence of design
and manufacturing. Historically, thosefunctions have been largely separate:
designers and engineers design a
product, manufacturers figure out
how to make it, and the two sides fightthroughout the product development
cycle. “3D printing brings thosedisciplines together,” claims Jon,
“when a product is 3D printed, it’s easy
for its designer to take production into
consideration from the beginning, by
prototyping on the very same platformthat will be used for production.
Likewise, 3D printing transforms
manufacturing managers fromchurning out parts into core leaders intheir businesses.”

Managers have also become moreexperienced with the implementation

In 2019, two end-use 3D printed
products really stood out to Jon:

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Riddell’s Diamond football helmet
and the S-Works Power Saddle fromSpecialized, which use elastomericlattices to deliver exactly the required
performance in every centimeter of the
product. This coming year, he’s looking
forward to the introduction of moreproducts with “impossible geometries”
that can only be made on 3D printers.
“We’ve already seen this with lattices
designed by early adopters,” remarks
Jon, “but as mainstream mechanicaldesigners become more familiar withthe promise of part consolidation and
3D printed functional assemblies, thosewill become more common.”Jon also predicts that 2020 is the year
customized consumer earbuds willtake off. “Mass customization has beenslow to arrive,” shares Jon, “largely
because the easy-to-print products
haven’t always been the products
where customization is valuable.”With customized earbuds, such as
those by MyFit Solutions, Jon seesa clear overlap between “possible tomanufacture” and “valuable in themarketplace”.

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Interview with Dr. Cora Lüders-Theuerkauf,
MGA Medical, a division of Mobility goes Additive
The MGA Medical network aims toraise people's full awareness on thepotential of additive manufacturingin the medical industry, particularly
medical devices. We spoke to theorganization's network manager,
Dr. Cora Lüders-Theuerkauf, whose
previous research focused on theengineering of heart valve prostheses
at the Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin,
to discover how she sees the state of
the AM industry.
Cora believes that 3D printing’s ondemand nature, with shorter lead times
and the level of customization inherent
to the technology, is clearly the reason
for its fast adoption. And thanks to thegrowing knowledge around industrial
3D printing and concrete use cases, themanufacturing process is becoming
more widely accepted in businesses.
“Trends like digitization andsustainability are also at the top of
everybody’s mind,” remarks Cora,“which are further promoting thedevelopment of AM.

In medicine, 3D printed anatomical
models, customized to the patient,
are increasingly used for surgery
preparation to lower the risk for thepatient, reduce operating time, andoverall improve the quality of care.” For
the medical sector, Cora notes, the realadvantage of AM is the ability to mass
produce customized parts for medical
instruments and devices or implants.
Looking at the past year overall, 2019
was an exciting year for materials in
medicine. “There were a few cases
which were thrilling to see, like bioniceyes and organs, such as the heart andskin, which can currently only be foundin the R&D department,” shares Cora.
The innovations in AM really comefrom various materials, processes ortechnologies developing at the sametime, like 3D-concrete printing pairedwith the ability to 3D print large partsfor a construction project. This is why
Cora regards accessible databases
registering all certified products anddetails on the manufacturing process,such as TÜV Süd Product Service

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GmbH, so highly. This knowledge
sharing can support the reproductionof AM parts, and ultimately innovation.
However, for AM to really take off,
Cora sees the need for updated
and regulated certifications in theindustry. “Looking at current studies,
investments in AM are stagnating,”
she explains, “this is because AM
applications with clear businesscases are still lacking or are limited bycertification restrictions.”
Cora considers that AM has reacheda level of maturity where it will moveaway from small scale production but
towards industrial manufacturing.
Meaning aspects like a greater material
portfolio and certification standards
now need to develop. “This is where the
MGA Network is seeking to close thegap, in both the mobility and medical
industry, by modernizing old standards
and developing new guidelines.”

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Predictions for 2020
AM will replace
traditional
manufacturingmethods“I believe we will start to see breakthrough applications in which AM will replace
traditional manufacturing methods. Also, online manufacturing will experiencea significant growth grounded on greater dependability coming from further
certifications and production repeatability that will allow more on-demand
distributed manufacturing services.”- Emilio Juárez, EMEA Head of 3D Printing Sales, HP

More powerful
AM capabilities“I think we will see a continued trend of many more powerful AM capabilities
becoming available in significantly more accessible systems. Large format SLA
and SLS will go from being niche, >$100,000 type systems to systems found in
thousands of shops around the world.”- Max Lobovsky, Co-founder and CEO, Formlabs“Impossible
geometries”“I think we’ll see the introduction of more products with “impossible geometries”
that can only be made on 3D printers. We’ve already seen this with lattices designed
by early adopters, but as mainstream mechanical designers become more familiar withthe promise of part consolidation and 3D printed functional assemblies, those will
become more common.”- Jon Bruner, Head of Enterprise Strategy, Carbon

Localized,
on-demand &free of design
constraints“2020 marks a new decade in which manufacturing will become more localized,
on-demand and freed of design constraints. 3D printing is a key driver of this change.”- Bram de Zwart, Co-founder and CEO, Hubs

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About this report

Hubs
January 2020

Editorial:
Tess Roberts (Hubs)
Alkaios Bournias Varotsis, Ph.D. (Additivist)
Design:Jungeun Lee (Hubs)
Contributors:
Natasha Bukholt (Hubs)
Emilio Juárez (HP)
Max Lobovsky (Formlabs)
Jon Bruner (Carbon)
Dr. Cora Lüders-Theuerkauf (Medical Goes Additive)
About Hubs
Hubs is an online manufacturing platform that provides engineers with on-demand accessto a global network of manufacturing partners. Users can easily upload their design,
instantly receive a quote, and start production at the click of a button.
Founded in Amsterdam in 2013, Hubs has raised over US$30 million and produced morethan 4 million parts, using various manufacturing technologies, including
CNC machining, 3D printing, injection molding and sheet metal fabrication.
Disclaimer
The information in this report is provided for informational purposes only. This reportwas based on certain assumptions and information available to Hubs at the date of
publication. Hubs does not give an express or implied warranty regarding the correctness
or completeness of the information contained in this report. This report may containforward-looking statements. There is no guarantee that future results, levels of activity,
performance or achievements will be realized. You should not place undue reliance onthese forward-looking statements. Hubs expressly disclaims any intent or obligation to
update any forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances.
The information provided by collaborating companies has not been verified by Hubs.
The image rights remain with the respective originator at any time. Hubs expresses
disclaims any and all liability and will not be liable for any loss or damage arising directly
or indirectly (including special, incidental or consequential loss or damage) from your useof this report, howsoever arising, including any loss, damage or expense arising from, but
not limited to, any defect, error, imperfection, fault, mistake or inaccuracy in this report,
its contents or associated services.

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References

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[01] Limacorporate to open implant 3D
printing facility at hospital in New York
3D Printing Industry[16] Volvo Trucks sees benefits of 3D printing
tools and fixtures at NRV plant
3D Printing Media Network[02] Orbex additively manufactures
single piece rocket engine on SLM Solutions'
SLM 800
TCT Magazine[17] Hosiery leader Lonati sees 50% cost
reduction with 3D Systems’ AM solutions
3D Printing Media Network[03] Launcher & AMCM Develop Largest
Known 3D Printed DMLS Rocket Engine Part
3DPrint.com[04] ESA Tests 3D-Printed Storable
Propellant Rocket Engine
Industry Europe[05] Titanium pressure vessel forspace exploration made using additive
manufacturing
Aerospace Manufacturing[06] Relativity is building a 3D-printing
rocket manufacturing hub in Mississippi
TechCrunch[07] Massive, AI-Powered Robots Are
3D-Printing Entire Rockets
Wired[08] Local Motors deploys 3D printed,
autonomous Olli shuttles to Sacramento State
3D Printing Media Network[09] Airbus and Local Motors Create Startup
to 3D Print For Ground and Air Mobility
3DPrint.com[10] BMW group kicks off project forserial automotive additive manufacturing
3D Printing Industry[11] Audi increases use of polymer
3D printing in automotive production
3D Printing Network[12] Volkswagen hits key milestone injourney to mass production with HP Metal Jet
Automotive World[13] Smile Direct Club Partners With HP
To Make 50,000 3D Printed Molds per Day
3DPrint.com[30] SAE International publishes first Additive
Manufacturing Polymer Specifications foraerospace industry
3D Printing Media Network[31] Formula One and FIA Use Additive
Manufacturing to Test 2021 Car
3D Printing Industry[18] Norsk Titanium Additive
Manufacturing Recognized in Boeing
Material Allowables Program
3D Printing Industry[32] Jabil Partners With Renault F1 Team to
Manufacture F1 Car Parts
3D Printing Industry[19] Liebherr begins serial metal Additive
Manufacturing of aerospace components
for Airbus
Metal AM Magazine[33] Arrow Schmidt Peterson
Motorsports Using Stratasys 3d Printing
for Competitive Edge
3D Printing Industry[20] Airbus takes its additive manufacturingfrom prototypes to series production,from Taufkirchen to Bristol
Innovation Origins[34] 3D Systems and Toyota Motorsport
partner to develop ‘first-to-market’
3D printing products
TCT Magazine[21] Avio Aero begins AM part production
for new Catalyst engine in Salento
Metal AM Magazine[35] Don Schumacher Racing Shifts into
Overdrive with Additive Manufacturingfrom Stratasys
Business Wire[22] Rolls Royce to 3D print aerospace parts
with SLM Solutions quad-laser technology
TCT Magazine[23] Boom Supersonic Selects VELO3D to
Manufacture Flight Hardware for XB-1, its
Supersonic Demonstrator Aircraft
VELO3D[24] Collins Eyes 20 Additive Manufacturing
Parts This Year
MRO Network[25] Marshall Aerospace & Defence using
3D printing for aircraft cabin parts andground-running equipment
TCT Magazine[26] British Airways is exploring 3D printing
for cabin efficiencies
Aircraft Interiors International[27] Air NZ Uses 3D Printing to Source andInstall Spare Part Before Take-off
Australian Aviation[14] Functional parts from Ultimaker3D printers used in Heineken brewery
Manufacturing Global[28] Diehl Aviation Delivers Largest 3DPrinted Passenger Aircraft Part for Qatar
Airways
3D Printing Industry[15] GE Additive introduces 3D ‘pinting’ to
300-year-old brewing company Kaspar Schulz
3D Printing Media Network[29] Tools, Parts Fly Out of Lufthansa Technik
Additive Manufacturing Center
AIN Online

Trend Report 2020press@hubs.com
www.hubs.com[36] Carbon and Specialized develop
high-volume production bike saddle with
3D printing
TCT Magazine[37] fizik becomes second bike saddle
manufacturer to adopt Carbon 3D printing
technology
TCT Magazine[38] Formlabs is 3D printing parts of
New Balance’s new sneakers
TechCrunch[39] Carbon is 3D printing custom footballhelmet liners for Riddell
TechCrunch[40] 3D Printing Obsolete Train Components
on Stratasys Fortus 450mc
3DPrint.com[41] Mobility Goes Additive 3d Printed
Part Approved for Use on Trains
3D Printing Industry[42] Made In Space to send plastic recycling
system to support Additive Manufacturing
Facility on the International Space Station
TCT Magazine

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35 / 38[43] Henkel’s Adhesives And Additive
Manufacturing Recycling Focus
Engineering.com[58] Desktop Metal Lands $160M MoreFor Its 3D Printing Tech
Crunchbase News[72] Redefine Meat Raises $6M for
3D Printed Meat Alternatives
The Spoon[44] DSM Advances in SLA, SLS,
Sustainability
Fabbaloo[59] Hubs Closes $18m Series C Funding,
Focuses On Automation For Manufacturing
3D Printing Industry[73] Relativity Space raises $140 million
SpaceNews[45] 6K launches ‘world first’ sustainable
Additive Manufacturing powders
Metal AM[60] Munich-based medtech startup
Mecuris raises €3.6 million for its platform tocustomise prosthetics
EU-Startups[74] Additive Manufacturing Technologies
Ltd. Raises $5.2 Million in Series A Equity
Round Led by DSM Venturing
3D Printing Industry[46] America Makes Inks Seven-year $322m
Agreement With U.S. Air Force To Advance
Additive Manufacturing
3D Printing Industry[61] Additive Industries Secures €10 Million
For International Expansion
3D Printing Industry[75] LINK3D Raises $7M To FundInternational Expansion of Additive
MES Platform
3D Printing Industry[47] Marines employ mobile hybrid metal
Additive Manufacturing solution
Metal AM[62] Xerox Acquires Vader Systems,
Steps Into $8 Billion 3d Printing Industry
3D Printing Industry[76] BASF acquires French 3D printing
service provider Sculpteo
Tech.eu[48] 3D printing technology enhancing
logistics for Army
US Army[63] Microsoft, Siemens And Porsche
Contribute To Further $82m Funding For
Markforged
3D Printing Industry[77] Postprocess Technologies Raises $20M
In Series B Funding, Plans European Expansion
3D Printing Network[49] Impossible Objects and UAMMI test
first 3D printed carbon fiber part for U.S.
Air Force
3D Printing Media Network[50] US carrier gets first 3D printed
metal part
Australian Defence[51] Russian Helicopters to start additive
manufacturing of parts in 2020
3D Printing Media Network[52] Navantia and Ministry of Defense
to Construct Warships Using Additive
Manufacturing
3D Printing Industry[53] This Boat Was 3D Printed —and Bigger, Wilder Projects Will Soon Follow
SingularityHub[54] Merchant ship owners to produce spareparts on demand using 3D printing
Tech Wire Asia[55] Thyssenkrupp’s 3D printing gets
nod from DNV GL
ShipInsight[56] Crunchbase Company Database
Crunchbase[57] Manufacturers Lead 3D Printing Funding
Venture Scanner[64] Barcelona-based startup BCN3D raises€2.7 million for its disruptive IDEX 3D printing
technology
EU-Startups[65] Fast Radius Raises $48M to Expand
Platform for Production-Grade Additive
Manufacturing
Digital Engineering 24/7
[66] Google’s Gradient Ventures To Lead
$10m Series A Round For Dyndrite Additive
Manufacturing Software
3D Printing Industry[67] Xometry: On-Demand Manufacturing
Marketplace Completes $50MM
Funding Round
3DPrint.com[68] Carbon raises another $260M,
brings total investment to $680M
3D Printing Media Network[78] Inkbit raises $12 Million to industrialize
its AM system
3Dnatives[79] HeyGears 3D Printing Raises $60 Million
For Global Expansion From Group 42
3D Printing Industry[80] Wohlers Report 2019
Wohlers Associates[81] 3D printing: hype or game changer?
A Global EY Report 2019EY[82] 2019 Additive Manufacturing
Market Outlook
SmarTech[83] 3D Printing Sentiment Index
Ultimaker[84] Crossing the Chasm, Geoffrey A. Moore[69] Fortify raises $10 million in Series A
funding round3D Printing Media Network[85] How the latest developments in themetal additive manufacturing market affectdifferent industries
Roland Berger[70] axial3D raises $3 million to expand
medical 3D printing solution in U.S.
3D Printing Media Network[86] The Poor Performance of
3D Printing Stocks
Nanalyze[71] Spectroplast silicone 3D printing service
backed with €1.4m investment from AM Ventures
TCT Magazine[87] The Best 3D Printing Stock for 2019
and Beyond
The Motley Fool

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[88] PRNT ETF in Focus as 3D Printing Market
Gains Momentum
Nasdaq[89] The 3D Printing ETF Can Make A
Comeback
MarketWatch[90] Honeywell Says 3-D Printing Technology
Is Real and It’s Fantastic
Barron’s[91] Manufacturing-As-A-Service Platforms:
The New Efficiency Revolution
Forbes[92] The data from 2019 for online 3D printing
demand by industry were unavailable.
The graphic included here and the following
analysis comes is based on data from 2018.
[93] Contract Manufacturing Market Size,
Share & Trends Analysis Report By Type(Medical Devices, Pharmaceutical), By Region(North America, Latin America, Asia Pacific,
MEA, Europe), And Segment Forecasts, 2019 2026
Grand View Research[94] Why 2019 Will Be The Year Of The
Manufacturing Platform
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