Workshop on Climate Change
8-9 October, 2009
Mombasa, Kenya

2Workshop on Climate Change
8-9 October, 2009
Mombasa, Kenya

Published by the African Technology Policy Studies Network, P.O. Box 10081, 00100
General Post Oﬃce, Nairobi, Kenya.

©2009 African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS)PRINTED BY MAJESTIC PRINTING WORKS LTD
P.O.Box 42466, GPO
00100 Nairobi, Kenya
Tel: 2222662, Fax: 2211784

ISBN: 9966-916-88-1

Edited by:
Dr. Kevin Urama C., ATPS
Dr. Nicholas Ozor, ATPS
Dr. Dan Olago, University of Nairobi
Prof. George Krhoda, University of Nairobi
Prof. Anne Amadi, Kenya Country Business Incubator(Kekobi)Prof. Francis Mutua, University of Nairobi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
AMCEN

African Ministerial Council on Environment

ATPS

African Technology Policy Studies Network

ESP

Economic Stimulus Package

CCAA

Climate Change Adaptation for Africa

CDF

Constituency Development Fund

CDM

Clean development Mechanism

COP

Conference of the Parties

DFID

Department for International Development

GDP

Gross Domestic Product

IDRC

International Development Research Cooperation

ICPAC

Intergovernmental Climate Predictions and Applications Centre

IFPRI

International Food Policy Research Institute

IGAD

Intergovernmental Authority for Development

IPCC

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

LDCs

Least Developed Countries

MDGs

Millennium Development Goals

MEMR

Ministry of Environment and Mineral Resources

MP

Member of Parliament

NEMA

National Environment and management Authority

NGO

Non Governmental Organisation

REDD

Reduction Emissions due to Deforestation and Desertification

UN

United Nations

UNFCCC

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

UNEP

United Nations Environment Programme

USA

United States of America

USD

United States Dollar
7

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Now that we have successfully hosted the first ever Parliamentary Sensitization Workshop
on Climate Change in Kenya, we wish to sincerely acknowledge those who made this unique
event memorable and successful. Firstly, we wish to thank Hon. John Michuki, EGH, Minister
for Environment and Mineral Resources; Hon. Dr. Noah Wekesa, Minister for Forestry andWildlife; Hon. Kenneth Marende, Speaker of the National Assembly, Dr. Achim Steiner,
Executive Director, UNEP and the Hon. Members of Parliament for their leadership anddepth of commitment in bringing climate change to the top of the policy‐makers’ agenda.
Their influence was reflected in the representation of high level delegations consisting of
Ministers, Members of Parliament, Parliamentary Commissioners and other senior
government officials who attended the workshop.
We thank in a special way all the MPs that attended the workshop for availing themselves
the opportunity to be part of this historic event. We expect that the workshop served as alaunching pad for the deserved debate on climate change in Kenya.
We appreciate all the partners who supported this event for their exemplary leadership andpartnership in sensitizing key stakeholders on this topical issue of climate change andespecially in preparing the stakeholders for the COP 15 meeting in Copenhagen, Denmark.
They include; the Ministry of Environment and Mineral Resources led by Mr. Gideon
Gathaara, the UNEP, led by Mr. Henry Ndede, the ICPAC led by Prof. Laban Ogallo and the
ATPS led by Dr. Kevin Urama.
We do appreciate all the Resource Persons who made the workshop event very educative,
informative and entertaining. Their contributions which have already been registered willcontinue to be remembered by Kenyans. We thank the Technical team led by Prof. George
Krhoda for assembling all the experts, professionals, institutions and organizations for theworkshop. They provided critical technical support, rapporteuring and facilitation for the
breakout sessions.
Finally, we thank the organizing team for the workshop led by Dr Kevin Urama, Executive
Director, ATPS, for ensuring the smooth operation of all activities during the event. We owe
many thanks to the editorial team led by Dr Nicholas Ozor, Research Officer, ATPS, for theirsteadfastness and commitment to the production of this work. In all, we say thanks to theenvironment that sustains us.

8

1. BACKGROUND OF THE WORKSHOP
1.1: Introduction
The Ministry of Environment and Mineral Resources (MEMR) in conjunction with the IGAD
Climate Prediction and Applications Centre (ICPAC), supported by IDRC and DFID through the
Climate Change Adaptation for Africa (CCAA) Programme, in collaboration with the United
Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the African Technology Policy Studies (ATPS)
Network hosted a sensitization workshop for Members of Parliament (MPs) of the National
Assembly in Kenya, under the theme “Parliamentary Committees Sensitization Workshop on
Climate Change” at the Mombasa Continental Hotel from 8th to 9th October 2009.
1.2: Rational of the workshop
The workshop targeted MPs in recognition of the political dimension of climate change,
especially the central role of MPs in three areas namely, making laws, formulating policies,
and in mobilizing their constituencies in supporting government programmes in social andeconomic development. In this respect the strategic goal of the workshop is to connect
politics to policies and practices so as to conserve the Kenyan environment. The purpose isto leverage political support and engagement to tackle climate change concertedly in Kenya.
The workshop brought together Chair persons and full Committee members of three
Committees, namely Lands and Natural Resources, Environment, Agriculture as well as
Chairs of the other 24 Committees of the National Assembly. The MPs are expected to makevaluable contributions during these two days as part of the national preparation to theConference of Parties (CoP 15) meeting from 7th of December in Copenhagen to review theachievements of the Kyoto Protocol and make commitment into the future.
Over one hundred and fifty delegates representing various stakeholder groups,
parliamentarians, institutions and professions, resource persons and development partners
with expertise in the subject matter were in attendance at the workshop (See program in
Annex 1. The list of participants is shown in Annex 2.
1.3: Workshop Objectives
The strategic objective of the workshop is to sensitise, appraise and engage selected
parliamentary committees on climate change issues for Kenya. The specific objectives of theworkshop are to:•••Appraise the Honourable Members of Parliament on climate change issues for Kenya;
Engage members of Parliament in Kenya’s National Climate Change Response Strategy(NCCRS) and other strategic initiatives for addressing climate change in Kenya;
Appraise and engage Members of Parliament on Kenya’s position paper for the 15th
Conference of Parties (COP 15) on Climate Change vis a vis the position of other parties
and their implications for Kenya; and9•

Facilitate and strengthen collaboration and coordination amongst Parliamentary
Committees to inform the process of the preparation of the climate change policy for
Kenya.

1.4: Expected Outputs
The workshop is expected to produce the following key outputs:•••

A communiqué by the members of Parliament on climate change issues for Kenya;
A report on contributions to the CoP 15 process and a climate change policy for Kenya
by the members of Parliament; andEnhanced collaboration and coordination amongst Parliamentary Committees toinform the process of the preparation of the climate change policy for Kenya.

10

2. WORKSHOP OPENING CEREMONY
The workshop was called to session by Dr. Alice
Kaudia, the Environment Secretary, Ministry ofEnvironment and Mineral Resources, Kenya. Hon.
Erastus Mureithi opened the meeting with a word ofprayer. The Chairman of Lands and Natural
Resources Hon. Mutava Musyimi was invited topresent the MPs attending the workshop. The MPs
introduced themselves.
In her opening remarks, Dr Kaudia gave an overview
of the aims, objectives and outputs of the workshop noting that the government has
undertaken to sensitize key stakeholders and the Kenyan people on the challenges posed
and opportunities offered by climate change. Initiatives related to this included the Cluster
consultation workshop which forms part of the National Climate Change Response Strategy(NCCRS) that is currently under formulation.
Dr Kaudia emphasized that the workshop was intended for MPs as the main target group as
they represent, in part, the political dimension of climate change. She urged theParliamentarians to make a note of their expectations from the workshop so that they canconsequently use it to evaluate the workshop results. She then invited the Minister ofEnvironment and Mineral Resources (MEMR), Hon. John Michuki, EGH, to present his
welcome address.
2.1: Welcome Address by the Minister for Environment and Mineral Resources (MEMR)
Hon. John Michuki, EGH.
The Minister welcomed the participants andrecognised that Climate Change has emerged as
one of the most challenging issues on the prioritiesof Kenya and many other countries around theworld. He noted that climate change impacts in
Kenya could be related to a rise in extreme
weather events such as floods, droughts and the
reducing snow cap on Mount Kenya, and that such
events, including forest degradation and epidemics
and other water borne diseases are claiming
hundreds of lives and negatively impacting on the national economy. Water supply, tourism,hydro‐power generation has declined due to climate change impacts on water resources andtheir dependants. He further noted that these impacts are experienced most severely by thepoor, who rely on fragile environmental resources for their livelihoods and who have theleast resources to adapt, mitigate and recover from the challenge of climate change.

11One of the major challenges that Kenya faces is that policies, laws and regulations that
address climate change are fragmented across several sectors and legislative andadministrative jurisdictions, and are not well coordinated. They are therefore not clearly
articulated and coordinated to tackle climate change issues. To correct this scenario the
Ministry of Environment & Mineral Resources is working towards developing acomprehensive climate change policy, as well as budgetary contributions to a National
Climate Change resource investment framework.
The MEMR is currently working closely with the Ministry of Forestry in a national
afforestation programme, which has both the benefits of carbon sequestration and reversalof environmental degradation. It involves tree planting and growing by over 35,000 schools,
women’s groups (4,3000); 6 regional authorities; over 16350 youth groups; and themultiplicity of local authorities that exist throughout the country, and civil society actors. He
noted that members of parliament and parliamentary committees gathered at the meeting
have an important role to play in advocating and promoting laws and regulations that would
satisfy these objectives.
The key areas for intervention in the climate change initiative include:
1.
Identifying and assessing potential climate change impacts, especially theconsequences on the poor and their livelihoods.
2.
Supporting grassroots communities and the youth to respond to climate change
3.
Developing appropriate institutional and technical responses.
4.
Promoting existing best practice to contribute to combating climate change whilst
sustaining development and enhancing the use of equitable and sustainable future
mitigation opportunities.
5.
Mobilizing resources both locally and internationally to tackle the challenges of climate
This is why this financial year, the MEMR has chosen the clarion call “Together we can tackle
Climate Change” Everybody, young and old alike, are expected to do what they can in thearea of mitigation to climate change. For example the MEMR has established that if every
Kenyan would plant 10 trees, the country would recover the lost forest cover in less than 5
years.
Kenyan economy relies heavily on climate vulnerable sectors, such as: agriculture, water,energy, transport and tourism, therefore, collaborative strategies and partnerships should
be developed to address its complex impacts and the peculiar vulnerabilities of the Kenyan
people in order to manage the challenges posed by climate change. There is also an
opportunity to use 2% of the Constituency Development Funds (CDF) earmarked forenvironment to support community programmes to combat climate change.
Globally, the political will and support towards combating climate change is therefore
evidently abundant. Whereas the United States did not ratify the Kyoto Protocol, indications
from the current administration are that the United States of America has accorded climatechange issues a very high priority. The report by Sir Nicholas Stern about the economics ofclimate change and the proposed 100 billion US dollars per year by 2020 for Climate Change
Adaptation Fund, suggested by Mr Brown, The Prime Minister of Great Britain, as well as 200
12million dollars per year by the year 2020, proposed by the UN Secretary for the Convention
on Climate Change in Bonn, indicates that the magnitude of the problem is massive.
On the science of Climate Change: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a
body of eminent scientists who synthesize and package knowledge on climate change into acomprehensive form for policy guidance, has given us enough evidence that the world has
been getting warmer. Locally our ability to detect and predict minute changes in our climate
is very important. We therefore need to increase investment in scientific research andresearch institutions, in order to ensure that locally relevant information on the
management of climate change impacts are readily available and accessible to policy‐makers
and practitioners.
The Minister instructed his Permanent Secretary to take necessary steps towards ensuringthat a Climate Change Policy, legislation and related regulations and guidelines are in place
to support a unified and effective action. He requested the MPs to engage in open discussion
during the Workshop, and in line with the political will and shared vision developed by theAfrican Ministers for the Environment (AMCEN) that was elaborated during the 13th Special
Session held in May 2009 in Nairobi. This is because the MPs would be making contributions
to the discussions in COP15. The Special Session focused on climate change and informed
the African position to which we ascribe as a country.
The role of MPs in the Workshop was therefore to brainstorm and make contributions tonational climate change strategies, and to consider how best they and their parliamentarycommittees and other future partnerships, could contribute to climate change mitigation
and adaptation through their strategic and constituency development plans. The Hon.
Minister also presented the UNEP publication: Kenya: Atlas of Our Changing Environment tothe audience. The Atlas provides visual and compelling evidences of the rapid changes taking
place in the country’s critical ecosystems due to pressures from human activities. It provides
a good evidence base for strategic intervention by the government and communities.
2.3: Keynote Address by Mr Achim Steiner ‐ United Nations Under Secretary‐General andExecutive Director of UNEP
Mr Achim Steiner in his opening remarks applauded theefforts of Hon John Michuki, MEMR, because of the
Ministry’s proactive approach to environmental
problems in the country. He noted that Kenya has founda voice in issues of the environment, taking up
challenges that have not been previously addressed. He
underpinned UNEPs support for Kenya Government’s
environmental programmes, and indicated that political
goodwill was necessary for UNEP to be effectively
involved in the country’s programmes.

13

He noted that MPs more than any other group in this country have been entrusted with the
responsibility to think not only in terms of today’s generation but be the custodian of
Kenyans future. He observed that if not in Parliament, there is nowhere else to effectively
articulate this responsibility.
Climate change has brought into focus the very challenges that now oppose the future well‐being of Kenya, its citizens, children and grandchildren. He defined environment as thenatural support system that underpins the economy, observing that various actors, whether
farmer, office worker, industrialist or entrepreneur, rely on natural resource outputs such as
water and electricity from hydropower for the proper functioning of their economic
activities. He noted that 90% of Kenya’s natural resource is unique providing national wealththrough wildlife, habitats, mountains, coastal zones and national parks. He pointed out thatabout one billion USD per year will not flow into Kenya’s economy if steps were not taken toprotect some of the wildlife environmental assets that support the tourism industry.Given
the reliance of Kenya’s economy on environmental resources and its sensitivity to climate
variability and change, the sustainable management of the environment is key to achieving
Kenya’s Vision 2030 and to securing the future of Kenya,.
Environmental change for a long time was considered as a price you have to pay fordevelopment. For a nation like Kenya, that may have been an illusion. At independence,
Kenya had a population of only 8 million people but now with 40 million people theenvironmental assets have been subjected to unsustainable exploitation with adverse
consequences.
Notable impacts of climate change
1. The capital city of Kenya has to turn off her light in 2009 for three days in a week, watersupply cannot be assured, lakes are drying up, livestock are dying, and pastoralists arehaving conflicts with their neighbours over land resources. The future of Kenya is premisedon a fundamental change towards environmental stewardship.
2. Every time that Kenya suffers a drought or a major flooding event, some of 5‐6% of the
GDP is wiped out, besides the sufferings of the people in rural areas.
3. The latest compendium on climate change by IPCC was published in 2007, two years later,
virtually every piece of current climate change research indicate that the scenarios that IPCC
put forward were so conservative as every current trend was beyond the predictions madeby the IPCC report. On the African continent, one of the frustrations of climate change is that
it is going to present extremes of weather events which will be most pronounced. Whatwould have been a dry spell will become a drought that will last for 4‐5years; what would
have been a flooding event will become perhaps a flooding season.
4. The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) in Washington has published ananalysis of the vulnerability of agriculture due to climate change. The report shows that thegreatest vulnerability identified was the irrigated agriculture, predictions of dam engineers
14are all going to be foiled by climate change if measures are not taken into account now asdams will be washed by floods creating damages to cities, settlements, housing and otherinfrastructure.
Recommendations
1. Like other infrastructural programmes, there is need to build the meteorologicalinfrastructure in the country’s Vision 2030 statement. Adaptation has become a term that
encapsulates the magnitude of the challenges in agriculture, infrastructure, livestock, thefuture of economy, etc that is brought about by climate change.
2. Investing in ecological infrastructure of a nation are both rational from the point of
human understanding as well as how Kenya is growing today, where it draws its
infrastructure to sustain her 40 million people and the ambition of 6‐8% annual growth of
the GDP. Sadly, adaptation will impose costs on countries like Kenya and other developing
nations.
3. Africa will have to diversify its resources in order to adapt just like any other nation havedone. Development has to be re‐thought in terms of climate proofing; but sometimes, thecost is truly a heavy cost.
4. Kenya can actually double, triple or quadruple its existing power infrastructure capacity
because of some peculiar advantage in terms of hydro power, geothermal power which can
produce about 2,000‐ 4,000 megawatts of electricity in Kenya. The role of Parliament is tochange the incentive structure so as to attract investors to harness alternative sources ofpower supply in Kenya. Similarly, the Government of Kenya should take advantage of latest
technologies in alternative power generation (solar) and attract international investors thatwill provide this infrastructure.
5. Kenya should come forward with proposal that shows that they will become carbon
neutral energy generating nation with plans on what it will exactly take them to achieve this.
The international community can assist and partner with Kenya in realizing this objective.
6. Kenya needs to seek all other financial mechanisms that will be available. In theforthcoming CoP15, there will be resolves to generate more financing to support climatechange adaptation measures and research. The World Bank has already spent about USD 30
billion as loans on this issue, but about USD 50‐100 billion more will be made available not as
loans but as transfer payments in pursuant of schemes relating to climate change
adaptation. One common example is the CDM projects.
7. The MPs need to form different committees to look at climate change in the context ofenvironmental underpinnings of this economy and therefore to breakdown finally the notionthat looking after the environment is at the detriment of the economy. Mr. Steiner predicts
that 20 years from now, alongside the finance ministries of the world, the second mostimportant portfolio will be that of the minister in charge of natural resources (environment)of the country.
15

His address climaxed with the presentation of the Kenya: Atlas of Our Changing Environment
to the Hon. MEMR and the entire members of Parliament present.

2.4: Keynote Address on the Role of Forests in Climate Change by Hon. Dr. Noah Wekesa,
Minister for Forestry and Wildlife
Hon. Wekesa, Minister for Forestry and Wildlife discussed
the role of forests in climate change. He recognised climatechange as one of the greatest environmental threats against
humanity and livestock worldwide. He illustrated how good
forest management can act as carbon sinks. Regarding the
Mau Forest Complex question, he noted that it is importantfor illegal loggers to get out of the forest, but the problem is
a complex mix of political, legal, economic, cultural, socialand environmental entanglements. He emphasised the need to find a peaceful solution andto look for schemes which promote afforestation indicating that 2.5% of the CDF funds
should be channelled to ecological projects. The Minister noted that 80% of Kenya is arid orsemi‐arid land while only 20% is wetlands. It is important therefore to plant trees and invest
in technological innovations that will promote irrigation of the arid and semi‐arid areas. He
mentioned a project with ICPAC that worked with indigenous weather forecasters. He
further noted that Kenya attracted KSh 260 million for the development of framework forclimate change response strategy.
Utilising the opportunity for Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) projects, Kenya will
effectively encourage conservation, carbon sequestration, afforestation/reforestation, andthe use of bio fuels. He summarised by saying that the problem of deforestation in Kenya
can actually be reversed through concerted efforts of all stakeholders. People should change
their attitude of forest destruction.

16

3. WORKSHOP REMARKS
3.1: Remarks by Dr Evans Kituyi, (IDRC, CCAA)
Dr. Evans Kituyi emphasized that the Climate Change Adaptationin Africa (CCAA) Programme is devoted to building the capacityof African researchers and professionals and especially the
Parliamentarians on the issues of climate change. He informedthat a radio station has already been established in Kenya toaddress issues of adaptation to climate change and that there is
now weather insurance to cover farmers against crop failures.
He urged MPs to debate, legislate and bring out policies forclimate change adaptation.
3.2 Remarks by Chairs of Committees

3.2.1: Hon. John Mututho MP, Chairman of Committee on Agriculture, Livestock andCooperatives
Citing the example of the Mau forest, the MP drew attention to how human activities areusing up resources at a very fast rate. Human activities have caused turbulence in the Mau
which is having far reaching effects all around the country, contrary to some skeptical views.
He appealed to MPs to use their influence as law‐makers and also their oversight roles torepeal the laws that are not relevant and to promote the important ones that are affecting
people’s lives such as on climate change. He provided the example of the 160 separate
legislations on agriculture that should be repealed since some are obsolete and continue tohamper agricultural development. The rule of law should also be respected and this includes
the sanctity of title deeds.
3.2.2: Hon. Prof Margaret Kamar MP, Vice Chair of Budget Committee and Convener of
Pan‐African Parliamentary Summit on Climate Change
The Kenyan National assembly through the Parliamentary network on renewable energy andclimate change is working together with the Pan‐African Parliamentary network on climate
17

change (a continental body initiated by the Parliamentarians who attend the ACP and EU
joint Parliamentary assembly where both Hon.Prof. Kamar and Hon. Musikari Kombo sit in).
Kenya was chosen to be the voice of the continent on climate change issues. The main
purpose of the upcoming meeting will be to highlight Africa’s position and how
Parliamentarians can run with the negotiated position. The theme is “One Africa, One voice,
One position”. It will be presided over by the Head of State and the Prime Minister.
3.2.3: Hon. Ntoitha M’mithiaru, representing Hon. Chris Okemo, Chair of Parliamentary
Caucus on MDGs.
Environment is an all embracing concept and therefore finance, tourism and planning should
move hand in hand with environmental matters. He noted that if environment is not wellmanaged it will lead to degradation, declining incomes, and health deterioration among
others.
3.2.4: Hon. David Koech MP, Chairman, Education, Research and Methodology
The MP raised concerns on the level of awareness of Kenyans to issues of climate change
and the role of education sector. He inquired whether the ongoing exercise on climate credit
will cover all forests in the country. He suggested that governments need to offer
alternatives to fuelwood energy and sources of timber rather than imposing outright ban
and denying the communities of a livelihood.
3.2.5: Hon. Shakeel Shabbir MP, Chairman of the Local Authorities
He expressed dissatisfaction with UNEP and the technocrats in charge of the Lake Victoria
Basin Initiative. He urged the government to set an example on planting trees aside from thecurrent practice of replacing the town’s roadside trees and flowers with stones.
3.3: Remarks by other MPs
3.3.1: Hon. Silas Muriuki, MP
Logging and fire issues are extensive and are beyond the Mau forest. This is being done by
influential business people and not by the contiguous communities. The forest rangers arealso not effective. He suggested that there is need to sensitize people on afforestation
programs and to develop a policy on eradication of the Eucalyptus trees as the latterconsume a lot of water.
3.3.2: Hon. Benedict Ogunda, MP
The MP questioned government’s readiness in afforestation programmes (particularly
drought resistant varieties) in the Arid and Semi‐Arid Lands (ASALs).
3.3.3: Hon. Kiema Kilonzo, MP

18

The MP noted that in Ukambani, charcoal burning and sand harvesting are the main
occupations without which people will be deprived of a livelihood. The government
therefore needs to explore alternative livelihood strategies for them.
3.3.4: Hon. Thomas Mwadeghu, MP –Wundanyi, Taita Taveta
The MP expressed dissatisfaction with the management of Taita forest which has been
excised. He noted that emphasis should not only be on planting of trees but also ensuringthat the trees planted grow to maturity. The member mentioned that noble energy
initiatives such as the biogas in Ngong were frustrated out of vested interests by government
officials on other energy sources. He queried the responsibility of the people downstream
over efficient water utilization since there is no strategy or policy that will compel them toconserve or compensate for the ones upstream.
3.3.5: Hon. Erastus Mureithi, MP and Horticultural farmer
The MP remarked that organizations such as World Trade Organization (WTO) are putting up
laws and regulations based on the effects of climate change.

194. CLIMATE CHANGE IN KENYA: WHAT ARE THE PRIORITIES?
4.1 A keynote paper on Climate Change in Kenya: What are the priorities? By Prof. Laban
Ogallo, Director, ICPAC
Africa is contributing less than 2% of GHGs, but it is highly
affected by the impact of global warming. The gases appear
naturally but human activities are pumping more gases than theatmosphere is able to absorb (Figure 1). The effects that are
being experienced are declining snow on Mt. Kilimanjaro,reoccurrences of severe droughts and floods, rising sea‐levels,
drying rivers etc. The likely impacts are on health, natural
resources, agriculture, water resources, and coastal resources. Perennial rivers have become
seasonal. Women are also more vulnerable to climate change. The current challenges
include widespread poverty, frequent and recurrent droughts, land cover changes, and over‐dependence on rain‐fed agriculture.

Fig. 1: Illustrations of human activities and land cover changes that affect the climate

4.2: Discussants’ remarks
4.2.1: Dr. Joseph Mukabana, Director, Kenya Meteorological Department (KMD) on
Science and Policy of Climate Change
The Director recommended some guiding principles and policy prescriptions based onstudies already conducted to include public participation programmes, implementation of
the Polluter Pays Principle, principle of integration, good governance, among others. He
called for the need to carry out national inventories of GHGs; development of climate
20

adaptation and mitigation operational plans and its enforcement; mainstreaming climatechange adaptation in national programs and plans; assessment of the impacts andvulnerabilities of climate change; building resilience of livelihoods to cope with the adverse
effects of climate change; and research and development in climate change and disastermanagement. Others include; developing and sustaining systematic observation for early
warning, climate change information gathering and dissemination particularly theindigenous knowledge; provision of economic incentives; encouraging regional andinternational cooperation; and continuous monitoring and evaluation.
4.2.2: Dr. Muusya Mwinzi, NEMA Representative on behalf of the Director General
In Kenya all the agro‐ecological areas including forests ecosystem, wetland, rangeland andgrasslands, montane, marine and mangrove will be affected by climate change at alarming
rates. Regarding resource distribution of water resources, we have insufficient data forground water reserves. He reiterated the need for technology such as irrigation and a masterplan land use planning to protect our biodiversity and to develop infrastructure as part ofdisaster management.
4.2.3: Mr. Agatsiva, Land Use and Natural Resources
There are various ways of classifying land uses such as forestry; fisheries; rangelands, andgrasslands etc. It is important to map out the land uses to establish if they are positively or
negatively impacted on by climate change. The prevalent land use conflicts are between
wildlife and land uses such as tourism, agriculture etc, arising from competition for water,
land and foliage. There needs to be ways of managing these resources in a sustainable
manner. Population change has also been expanding and impacting on the resource base.
Land use change analysis currently dwells on only one aspect and fails to establish howchanges in one land use type influences or are influenced by others. Other challenges thatneed to be addressed are low awareness, little incentives, and lack of effective guidelines fornational and regional disaster preparedness.
4.2.3: Dr. Wilson Songa, Agriculture Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture
Agriculture is an important sector that contributes about 40% of GDP, while resource
allocation is not commensurate and is about 4.2 %. The challenges facing agriculture are
unique, diverse and complex, and include; food insecurities, economic recession, high foodprices; competition of biofuels and climate change and variability. It is quite clear that
agriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate change effects. Currently there is low
agricultural productivity that will worsen with the advent of climate change. The Ministry hasembarked on proactive interventions such as: the encouragement of water harvesting, highemphasis on irrigation programmes, protection of natural resources through agro forestry,soil and water conservation, and research and development efforts on adaptation measures.
4.2.4: Mr. Wahome, Deputy Chief Economist, Ministry of Finance

21

The impacts of climate change on water, energy and agriculture are highly threatening the
economic stability of the country. Economic growth and development provide requisite
resources and technology advancement that will enable the economy to adapt and mitigate
against climate change. The task is to ensure that poverty reduction strategies are notoverwhelmed and reversed by climate change. Currently, the country does not have a
Climate Change Policy in place. In this regard, we need a long term framework that will
tackle climate change in the most cost effective way and that will allow the lowest impact oncompetitiveness. The government has embarked on the following overall initiatives:
1. Campaign on Green Energy Development aimed at achieving rapid expansion of national
generation of green energy, strong promotion of efficient consumption of conventionalenergy, significant reduction of the cost of energy and installation of additional 2000
megawatts by June, 2012.
2. Establishing Green Energy Facility to provide loan and grant funds for green energy
projects development from which over USD 92 billion seed money will be mobilized tosupport geothermal, alternative energy sources, etc.
3. Forest carbon partnership facility seed fund of USD 3.6 million.
4. Climate investment fund of the World Bank to support clean development technologies.
5. Identification of Economic Stimulus Package (ESP) projects.
A wind power project in Lake Turkana is nearing completion, costing 700 million dollars andis hoped to increase energy capacity by 25%.There are various challenges constraining the
maximum exploitation of CDM such as low levels of fossil fuel use hence reducing theopportunities available for exploiting CDM, commercial credit is inadequate, lack of afavorable CDM environment, low capacity building and inadequate awareness.
The policy options that need to be addressed include:
•
•
•
•
•
•

Mainstreaming climate change into the budgetary process which is currently ongoing.
Preparation of a Climate Policy
Conducive environment of public private partnerships (PPPs).
Promotion of competitive emissions reduction schemes to sell in international scene
Negotiate a smart deal for Copenhagen, andSourcing for multilateral and bilateral funding.

22

5: CLIMATE CHANGE, NATIONAL SECURITY AND LAW
5.1 Plenary presentation on Climate Change, National Security and Law by Dr. Jane Dwasi,
The negative impacts of climate change are likely to impact
national security. Floods and droughts may destabilize
military planning operations and could overwhelm disaster
responsiveness of the government. These disasters would
reduce the resource base of the government leaving thegovernment constrained in dealing other matters. On therelationship between climate change and law, laws provide
legitimacy of actions in programs and projects and are theonly acceptable tool in controlling human activities that contribute to GHGs. Kenya is asignatory to the international convention –UNFCCC‐ that provides a framework for reducing
the generation of GHG. The convention expresses consensus of 186 countries requiring
actions by their governments GHG reduction. Existing pollution laws and principles have notbeen utilized in Kenya, hence the need for a re‐think to put these laws into operation. It istime to stop managing by crisis (damage control policy) therefore; sectoral policies relating
to climate change must be coordinated. Public interest must be primary in environmental
management and alternative source(s) of livelihood should be addressed in enforcing
climate laws and policies.
5.2: Remarks on the paper: Climate Change, National Security and Law•••

Individual governments have to make climate change policies and put laws to state
they will not charge carbon tax but disposable tax. Policies should be integrated into
the three Vision 2030 framework pillars and should be non ambiguous to control for
ambivalent responses from the people. We need to engage all actors including theprivate sector.
There is need to revise the land tenure systems because sub‐divisions into non‐economic units in the advent of climate change will create more problems.
Laws are passed about ‘what’ and not ‘how’. EMCA 1999 covers just about all aspectsof the environment which include inter alia protection of rivers and wetland, forestsand protection of traditional interests, such as the Kayas etc as we preserve theecosystem. The law exists and what is clearly lacking is the will to implement such laws.

23

6. NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AND THE ATTAINMENT OF THE VISION 2030:
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
6.1: National development planning and the attainment of the Vision 2030: Challenges andOpportunities, presented by Prof. Chege
Prof. Chege of the Ministry of Planning, National Development and Vision 2030 emphasizedthat addressing climate change will require national intervention and collaboration plus
collaboration at the national level in implementing climate agreements. The government iscommitted to collaboration locally, regionally and with international development partners
to address critical challenges which may impair living conditions of many Kenyans.
6.2: Remarks on the paper: National Development Planning and the Attainment of the
Vision 2030: Challenges And Opportunities••

Critical issues for consideration include; mainstreaming climate change issues into
national development planning and the adoption of appropriate basic planning tools.
Approaches needed are to create scenarios, project changes and possible effects,
create strategy for normal scenario, best scenario and worst scenario and, finally
evolve strategy to handle whichever scenario that is adopted. All these strategies
should be put in an integrated context. If these are not considered yet in the Vision
2030, a re‐think is required, because all scenarios are required to be able to makenear‐accurate predictions.
Adaptation that enables win‐win situation should be considered, where we are notsure of possible events and consequences. Fundamental questions such as ‘will tree
planting solve all problems’ or ‘is focus on renewable energy able to solve all problems’need to be considered.

24

7. CLIMATE CHANGE NEGOTIATION PROCESSES BEFORE AND BEYOND COP 15
7.1: Climate change negotiation processes before and beyond cop 15 by Mr. Alex Alusa,
Office of the Prime Minister
Background to negotiation process
Many times Africa has no clear idea of what tonegotiate. In 1988 IPCC was established and in 1990
IPCCC assessment report was launch to discuss humanaspect of climate change. The 1990 report suggested
that man’s hands have impact on changing climate.
Based on this report there was a tentative
recommendation for negotiation. In the same year highlevel conference of Heads of State agreed to negotiate
the subject. In May 1992 they agreed to definite
negotiation and convention was signed in 1992 in Rio de Janerio where UNFCCC wasestablished as a framework convention because there was no specificity in it in terms ofcommitment. In 1997 the Kyoto protocol was negotiated on how much emission countries
must cut. The Kyoto protocol agreed on 5.2% with first commitment for 7 years ending 2012,
necessitating the importance of COP15.
Areas of challenges, assessment of success and failure
An Ad hoc Working Group (AWG) was put in place to discuss new commitments to consider
realistic cooperative actions. Interestingly, United States of America the emitter of about
25% of the world GHGs was not part of Kyoto protocol. The realistic action was partly geared
towards bringing the United States on board. COP13 that met in Bali Action Plan established
Advisory Working Group to deliberate on long term cooperative action, different from Kyoto
protocol.
Bali Action plan to COP15
The focus has been on mitigation, adaptation, capacity building and financing. A 2‐year
process was put in place to cover negotiating tasks to be completed in December, 2009. The
negotiating process is continuing, and are negotiating commitments and related issues
include; Reduction of Emission through Deforestation and Degradation (REDDs), Landdegradation, etc.
On‐going discussions in Bangkok are around the key issues of what science can offer onenvironment, and what Africa’s position at the table is. The emerging view offered by Annex
1 countries and some progressive Annex 1 parties is that we must reduce emission by 40% of
1990 emission level by 2020, and reduce emission by 85% of 2020 level by 2085. Annex 1
Parties also want big emitters in the third world such as China, India, South Africa, Egypt and
Mexico to come on board to discuss appropriate mitigation strategy/actions.
A problem in all of these processes is that there is no precedence, protocol or example tofollow. The third world countries also argue that coming on‐board may impair their national
development objectives but are ready to operate nationally agreed mitigation activities. A
critical question is that if developing countries begin mitigation on their own, will finance beavailable? There is evolving consensus on issues of adaptation, capacity building, technology
transfer; but the main area of controversy remains financing. It is important for Kenya and25other Africa countries to develop an architecture that facilitates access to finance, andremoves bottleneck to accessing budgeted funds. While Africans are fighting to accessfunding, the Chinese are actually launching into the market seeking market‐ based
opportunities in climate change. A country like Kenya needs about $20billion per year for
appropriate NAMA.

26

8. TOWARDS COP 15: KENYA’S NATIONAL RESPONSE STRATEGY ON CLIMATE CHANGE‐ THE
ROLE OF MPS
8.1 Kenya’s National Response Strategy on Climate Change‐ The Role of MPs by Dr. Alice
KaudiaKenya’s NRSCC is currently preparing a strategy document forclimate change. The document will contribute to understanding
how ozone layer affects climate change. It is also touching on
governance issues. Kenya is taking leadership role in the global
discuss on environment as the Minister of MEMR is a co‐chair of a
global committee on climate issue.
Why is the Response Strategy necessary?
••••

To put in place coordinated, result oriented strategy for climate change
To assess and determine national needs
Enhance understanding of impact nationally
To enhance gains from participating in climate agreement

Objectives of the Strategy
The components of strategy include developing action plan, communication strategy, andresources mobilization plan. The ministry is currently working with Stockholm Institute forEnvironment and looking up to Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Planning to come up withrealistic figure for preparation of strategy.
Elements of the Process
The process included wide consultations with 9 provincial workshops and 1 national
consultation. A more engaging process to get input from various clusters and communities
has been arranged to be complete by the end of October. It is found that effects of climatechange are diverse across clusters and communities. The consultative process will lead tosustainability of the environment and development. The input from the Members of
Parliament is important because they know their communities’ needs better and theircommunities respect them. Therefore, they are in a better position to contribute to specificcontents of the strategy document27

9. REPORTS FROM THE BREAK OUT SESSIONS
9.1: Group 1 ‐ Climate Change and Environment in Kenya
Key issues identified:•
The delegation must have a clear and well thought out agenda•
The MPs call for concrete capacity building for the delegation•
Comprehensive needs assessment be done before COP15•
Kenya should go to COP15 with clear figures guided by the Ministry of Finance•
Issues relating to gender must be comprehensively address in the climate change
negotiations, given their vulnerability
9.2: Group 2 ‐ Climate Change and Land Use and Natural Resources
Key issues identified:•Population pressure•
Land use conflicts•
Land degradation and soil erosion•
Land use planning•Land tenure system•
Lack of land policy and law•
Lack of awarenessProposals made:•Reduce bush burning and provide alternative means of livelihood for the people•
Population policy is required to solve migration and problems associated with pressure
on land•Harmonize the acts governing lands/put in place acts to govern land use•
Need for stiff penalty for violators of land laws•
Land adjudication and mapping required•
Put a stop to land sub‐division•
Land use planning is important
9.3: Group 3 ‐ Climate Change and Agriculture, Livestock and Cooperatives
Key issues identified:•
Food security issues: availability, accessibility and nutrition content of food•Effects on resource use: pressure on water, land and effect on migration•
Shift in animal and crop adaptation•
Areas suitable for specific crops may change•
Health issues can arise: pests, diseases etc.
Way Forward:•
Diversification of enterprise and means livelihood•
Support for farmers towards alternative livelihood options•
Investment in research, technology “dissemination” improvement in extension
services, environment conservation•
Public‐private collaboration•
Building resilience through training and capacity building for vulnerable groups
28

•
•

Construction of dams
Increase in budgetary allocations to climate issues

Opportunities identified:•
Alternative energy sources: solar, biofuel, wind and water•
CDM and carbon trading•
Why must annex 1 countries turn the developing countries into bushes and forests
while they emit more GHGs?
9.4: Group 4 ‐ Climate Change and the Economy (finance, planning and trade)
Key issues identified:•
Mobilization of resources locally and internationally•
Mainstream and prioritize climate change in the budgetary process•
Creation of climate change fund with allocation of 1% of “ordinary” revenue to thefund•
Budgetary allocation to strengthen NEMA•
Budgetary support for Ministry of Environment•
Promote conservation – use of CDF•
Development of policy for mitigation and adaptation to climate change•
Evolve legislation towards national policy on climate change•
REDDs could be pressed as an avenue for greater revenue for Kenya in COP15•
Community capacity building in areas where indigenous knowledge exists•
Alternative sources of livelihood e.g charcoal burning and sand harvesting•
Awareness creation
9.5: Group 5 ‐ Climate Change National Security and Law
Key issues identified:•
Existing policy on environment does not properly flag the importance of climatechange; therefore there is need for a review to reflect the importance of climatechange•Mainstream climate change into all government “structures”•
Ensure sustainability of water resources in hazard region•
Water harvesting must be made mandatory in all ecological zones•
How can Kenya benefit from the CDM?
•
Put conflict resolution mechanism in place in resource stressed areas
Opportunities identified:•
Carbon trade, CDM projects•
Adoption of energy efficiency and energy saving mechanisms•
Reduce emission from land degradation•
Address the issue of charcoal burning
How to do things differently:•
Put in place Commission on Climate Change or Ministry or Dept. of Climate Change•
Entrench climate change issue in the constitution•
Enforcement of climate change policy•
Include climate change in education curriculum29•Dissemination of climate change report in simple language people will understand10. CLOSING CEREMONY
10.1: Closing Remarks by Speaker of National Assembly Hon. Kenneth Marende
The Speaker emphasized that climate change is an issue
in sharp current global focus and it is for this reason that
he feels privileged and honoured to participate in theclosing ceremony. He noted that the sensitization
workshop coincided with the Parliamentary Service
Commission which, he is chairs. The Hon Speakerpraised the efforts of the Hon Minister for Environment
and Mineral Resources Hon John Michuki in encouraging
and supporting better environmental management in
Kenya. The Speaker noted that the workshop is
expected to generate Kenya’s position for the Conference of Parties CoP 15 scheduled for 7th‐18th December 2009 in Copenhagen, Denmark. Secondly, the MPs will solicit members’
contribution in the development of a National Climate Change Response Strategy (NCCRS).
He remarked that the issue should be treated with the utmost soberness that it deservesbecause the environmental problems facing humanity is capable of changing human society
to the extent that human survival will be greatly threatened. He noted the many
consequences of climate change observed today to include the drying up of rivers resulting
from deforestation in water catchments, low productivity and diminishing pastures. Notingthat the earth is capable of producing all that humanity needs, he decried the continuous
destruction of this earth by man elaborating that issues of climate change have arisen
especially with industrialization. The Speaker noted that as Kenyans, we have no businesshesitating in issues of climate change and environment. We must decide what we want to dowith the preservation and conservation of our water towers in Mau, Tana, and the remaining
three and then ‘act’ not ‘talk’ because we have talked for so long. As we speak, just to
demonstrate how much the world has changed, in year 1800, this world had only one citywith more than one million people. By last year (2008) according to the United Nations
Population Fund Statistics, the world had 300 cities with more than one million people. This
tells us how much human beings have eaten of the earth’s resources.
The Hon Speaker noted that the workshop will lead to the formulation of a National Climate
Change Response Strategy that will in turn lead to the formulation of the National Climate
Change Policy and Legislation. The Parliament must work hand in hand with UNEP, membersof the civil society, and other stakeholders to ensure the following:
•
•
•
•
•

Requisite political will
Domestication of international conventions protocols and treaties on climate change
through adequate environmental awareness and educational programmes on climatechangeMainstreaming climate change in Parliamentary debate
Resoluteness and decisiveness in tackling issues relating to environmental degradation
Mainstreaming and sensitization of the public on the use of renewable and alternative
energy sources30•Concerted campaign for debt relief in international fora such as CPU, IPU, and the UN
general assembly.

The Hon Speaker appreciated the contribution of International Development ResearchCentre, UNEP, the Ministry of Environment and Mineral Resources, the African Technology
Policy Studies Network for providing the necessary resources for the success of theworkshop. He appreciated the Government of Denmark for supporting the ongoingdevelopment of National Climate Change Response Strategy.
The Hon Speaker further noted that Kenyans are lucky to host UNEP and UNDP
Headquarters; but as things stand today, we are under threat over continued hosting ofthese UN agencies. Finally, with due permission of the Hon MEMR the Speaker informed theaudience that Kenyan Parliament through the auspices of the Parliamentary Network for
Renewable Energy on Climate Change and the Pan African Parliamentary Network for
Climate Change will hold a Parliamentary summit at the UN Headquarters Gigiri 13 and 14
October 2009.
10.2: Presentation of the Draft Communiqué
After the closing ceremony, a draft communiqué was presented by
Prof. Krhoda. The Draft Communiqué was adopted for signing witheditorial amendments to be made (See Annex 3).

10.3: Guided Field Excursions
The participants proceeded for the guided field
excursions to see the effects of climate change in amangrove forest near Mombasa. The excursion sitewas Mwache Creek, located some 30km west of
Mombasa in Kinango District. The site contains about
1500 ha of mangroves. Mangroves are forests thatgrow in the sea and are among the most fragile andproductive ecosystems in the world after the tropicalrainforests and coral reefs.

31

They are depended on by millions of people in the tropics for wood products, shoreline
protection, and fisheries among other benefits. The forests also help in nutrient andsedimentation stripping and carbon sequestration. In Kenya, mangroves are estimated tocover some 54000 ha, with 70% of these mangroves located in Lamu alone. About 70% of
the people along the Kenyan coast depend on mangroves for fuelwood and building
materials.

Unfortunately, these unique forests are threatened by unsustainable harvesting, pollution,
conversion to other uses, and lack of management plan. The consequences of mangrove
degradation are varied ranging from lack of wood products; reduced fishery productivity;
loss of mangrove associated biodiversity; coastal erosion; and loss of human lives andproperty during catastrophic oceanic events. Predicted effects of climate change on
mangroves include more extreme droughts, flooding and sedimentation, which are expected
to become more severe with time unless deliberate measures are implemented to cut downon GHG emissions and adaptation measures developed. For instance, in 1997/98 and 2006,
massive sedimentation due to erosion upstream following extremely heavy rainfall caused
mangrove dieback in many areas along the Kenyan coast. Mwache Creek, a peri‐urban
mangrove forest in Mombasa was one of the most affected.
Studies conducted by the Kenyan Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI) indicatethat mangrove recovery is extremely slow in Mwache. Loss of mangroves in Mwache has
negatively affected local and national economy as indicated byshortage of firewood and building poles, reduction in fisheries andincreased erosion. In order to recover the lost mangroves andreturn the ecosystem goods and services, KMFRI in partnership withthe local communities in Mwache is already working to determine‘smart’ species to be used in reforesting the degraded mangrovesite. A landscape approach which links upland land use practices
with mangrove conservation downstream is recommended.
The climax of the excursion was the planting of trees in the
mangroves by Hon MPs and other participants present (Figure).

32

10.4: Conclusion
The overall aim of the workshop was to sensitise, appraise and engage selected
parliamentary committees on climate change issues for Kenya. In realizing these objectives,
the workshop participants fruitfully deliberated on critical issues that will enable key
stakeholders in the Kenya Government achieve a response strategy on climate change. The
presentations by the Ministers, the keynote speaker, the Resource Persons and the
Honourable Speaker of the National Assembly fully addressed the implications of climatechange on Kenya stressing the economic, political, social and other environmental
dimensions of the change. These presentations dwelt on the following key areas:
•
•
•
•
•

Climate change and environment in Kenya
Climate change, land use and natural resources
Climate change, agriculture, livestock and cooperatives
Climate change and the economy
Climate change, national security and law

Most importantly the workshop culminated in the production and preliminary adoption of acommuniqué by the MPs (Annex 3). The communiqué clearly states the way forward
towards the realization of a response strategy on climate change for Kenya. Finally, theparticipants in the workshop concluded that every Kenyan should be involved in the climatechange business‐ the different tiers of government, non‐governmental organizations, thecivil society, private organizations, farmers, pastoralists, fishermen, foresters, etc so as tosave the future of our society. This will involve among other things, transparency, objectivity
and responsibility from all the stakeholders.

33Annex 1: Workshop Programme

WORKSHOP PROGRAMME FOR THE PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEES SENSITISATION WORKSHOP ON CLIMATE CHANGE 08– 09 OCTOBER 2009, MOMBASA, KENYA
DAY 1 – 07 OCTOBER 2009
Time

Topic/Presentations

Proposed Presenters

06:00 –
Welcome Reception
Hosted by Hon. John Michuki. M.P. Minister for Environment and
09:00 p.m.
and Dinner
Mineral Resources, (MEMR)
DAY 2 ‐ 08 OCTOBER 2009 CONFERENCE OPENING SESSION:
Time

Topic/Presentations

Proposed Presenters

Session Chair

8:30 – 9:00 a.m.

Registration

Overview of workshop
objectives and purpose of theworkshop
Welcome Address by the Hon.
Minister for Environment andMineral Resources

Dr. Alice Kaudia (MEMR)

PS, MEMR

Keynote Address by Hon
Minister Forest and Wildlife“The Role of Forests in Climate
Change”
Keynote Address by UNEP
Executive Director• (Video Clip “Kenya Atlas on
Our Changing Environment)• Handing over of the “Kenya
Atlas on Our Changing
Environment” to MPs
Keynote Address by IDRC‐CCAA

Hon. Dr. Noah Wekesa, Minister,

OPENING SESSION
9:00 –
9:10 a.m.
09:10 –
09:40 a.m.
09:40 –
09:50 a.m.

09:50 –
10:20 a.m.

10:20 –
10:30 a.m.
10.30 ‐ 11.00 a.m.

Hon. John Michuki, M.P., Minister, MEMR

Dr. Achim Steiner, Executive Director,
UNEP

Minister, MEMR

Dr. Evans Kituyi, (IDRC CCAA)

HEALTH BREAK

11:00 –
11:10 a.m.

Remarks by Hon. Chris Okemo,
M.P.

Hon. Chris Okemo, M.P., Chair: Finance,
Planning & Trade Committee

11:10 –
11:20 a.m.
11:20 –
11:30 a.m.

Remarks by Hon.John Mututho,

Hon. John Mututho, M.P., Chair:
Agriculture, Livestock and Cooperatives
Hon. Mutava Musyimi, M.P., Chair: Lands
and Natural Resources Committee

11:30 –
11: 40 a.m.

Climate Change in Kenya: What
are the priorities? A keynote
paper by Director, ICPAC

Remarks by, Hon. Mutava
Musyimi, M.P.

Prof. Laban Ogallo, Director, ICPAC

34

Prof. George Krhoda

WORKSHOP PROGRAMME FOR THE PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEES SENSITISATION WORKSHOP ON CLIMATE CHANGE 08– 09 OCTOBER 2009, MOMBASA, KENYA
1:40 –
Facilitated Plenary Sessions
1:00 p.m.
Lead discussants• Climate change and environment in Kenya. Dr. Muusya Mwinzi – DG
NEMAClimate change and Land use and natural resources ‐ Dr. Jasphat Agatsiva,
Director‐DRSRS• Climate change and agriculture, livestock and cooperatives – Dr. Wilson
Songa, Agriculture Secretary• Climate change and the economy (finance, planning and trade), Mr.
Wahome, Deputy Chief Economist/ Ms. Esther Koimet, Investment
Secretary• Climate change, administration, national security and law. – Dr. JaneDwasi
1:00 ‐ 2:30 p.m.
LUNCH BREAK
2:30 –
3:00 p.m.

Climate Change, National development planning and the attainment of the
Vision 2030: Challenges and Opportunities. A keynote speech by Hon.
Wycliffe Oparanya, Minister for Planning, National Development and Vision
2030
Lead Discussant: Screening Vision 2030 for Climate Risks, an introduction:
Prof. Laban Ogallo.
3.00 – 3.15 pm
Climate Change negotiation processes before and beyond CoP 15 , Mr. Alex
Alusa, Office of Prime Minister3:15 – 4:15 p.m.
FACILITATED BREAK ‐ OUT SESSIONS• Climate change and environment in Kenya• Climate change and Land use and natural resources• Climate change and agriculture, livestock and cooperatives• Climate change and the economy (finance, planning and trade)• Climate change, national security and law
4.15 –4.30 pm
FACILITATED PLENARY WRAP‐UP SESSION

Hon. Chris Okemo,
M.P., Chair, Finance,
Planning and Trade

DAY 3 ‐ 09 OCTOBER 2009
Time

Topic/Presentations

Proposed Presenters

Session Chair/

9:00 – 9:10 a.m.
9:10 –
9:40 a.m.

Prof. George Krhoda
Hon. Uhuru Kenyatta, M.P.,
Deputy Prime Minister andMinister for Finance

Hon. Kenneth
Marende, Speaker of
National Assembly

10.30 – 10.50 a.m.

RECAP
Keynote Address: Challenges &Opportunities in climate change andFinancial mechanisms for adaptationand mitigation, Keynote speech by the
Hon. Minister for Finance.
PLENARY DISCUSSION
Towards COP15: Kenya’s National
Response Strategy on Climate Change:
The Role of MPs
Summary and Recommendations:communiqué
Post COP 15. Way forward for Kenya

10.50 ‐11.00 a.m.

Closing remarks

11.00 ‐11.30 a.m.

HEALTH BREAK

11.30 ‐17:00 p.m.

FIELD EXCURSION

9:40 – 10:00 a.m.
10.00 ‐10.10 a.m.

10.10 ‐ 10.30 a.m.

Dr. Alice Kaudia

Dr. Kevin Urama, Executive
Director, ATPS
Hon. John Michuki , M.P., Minister
MEMR
Hon. Kenneth Marende, Speakerof National Assembly
KMD, NEMA

35

Hon.Kenneth
Marende, Speaker of
National Assembly

WORKSHOP PROGRAMME FOR THE PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEES SENSITISATION WORKSHOP ON CLIMATE CHANGE 08– 09 OCTOBER 2009, MOMBASA, KENYA
CLOSING DINNER

Annex 2: List of Participants

Name

Departmental Committee

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Agricuture, Livestock and Cooperatives
Hon John Mututho
Hon. Lucas Chepkitony
Hon. Peris Chepchumba
Hon. Fred Outa
Hon John D Pesa
Hon Evans Akula
Hon Robert Monda
Hon Benson Itwiku Mbai
Hon Erastus Mureithi
Hon Victor Kioko Munyaka
Hon Kambi Kazungu

12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Hon Thomas Mwadeghu
Hon Elias Mbau
Hon. Amina Abdalla
Hon. Jamlek Kamau
Hon Eng Nicholas Gumbo
Hon. Farah Maalim
Hon. Shakilla Abdalla
Hon. Rachel Shebesh
Hon. Prof Margaret Kamar

Agriculture, Livestock and Cooperatives
Agriculture, Livestock and Cooperatives
Agriculture, Livestock and Cooperatives
Agriculture, Livestock and Cooperatives
Agriculture, Livestock and Cooperatives
Agriculture, Livestock and Cooperatives
Agriculture, Livestock and Cooperatives
Agriculture, Livestock and Cooperatives
Agriculture, Livestock and Cooperatives
Agriculture, Livestock and Cooperatives
Agriculture, Livestock and Cooperatives
Local Authorities & Funds accounts
Committee
Budget Committee
Delegeted legislation
Committee on Implementation
Broadcasting
Deputy Speaker / (Library)
Catering
Pan African Climate Change Process
Pan African Climate Change Process

21

Kenya Meteorological Department
Dr Joseph Mukabana

DIRECTOR, KMD

22
23
24

Ministry of Environment and Mineral Resources(MENR)
Agnes Yobterik
Mr Ben Mugambi
Julius Mwabu

MENR
MENR
MENR

25

DRSRS
Dr Josephat Agatsiva

DRSRS

26
27
28

Ministry of Finance
Ms Esther Kariuki
Mr Erastus Wahome
Mr Joseph Kinyua

Treasury
Treasury
Treasury36

29

Ministry of Planning and National Development
and Vision 2030
Dr Edward Sambili

Permanent Secretary

30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59

Resource Persons
Mr Alex Alusa
Hon. Chris Okemo
Hon. (Prof.) Philip Kaloki
Hon. Lankas ole Nkoidila
Hon. Jakoyo Midiwo
Hon. Ahmed Shakeel ShabbirHon. Sammy Mwaita
Hon. Nelson Gaichuhie
Hon. Lenny Kivuti
Hon. Ntoitha M'Mithiaru
Hon. Mutava Musyimi
Hon. Benedict Fondo Gunda
Hon. Martin O. Ogindo
Hon. Benjamin Jomo Washiali
Hon. Peter Gitau
Hon. Silas Muriuki Ruteere
Hon. Kiema Kilonzo
Hon. Mohammed Affey
Hon. Omari Zonga
Hon. Kenneth MarendeHon. Fred Kapondi
Hon. Adan Keynan
Hon. David K. Koech
Hon. Mohammed Abdikadir
Hon. David Were
Hon. Yusuf Chanzu
Hon. John Michuki
Prof. Michael Chege
Hon. Ramadhan Kajembe
Hon. Jackson Kiptanui

Prime Ministers OfficeFinance, Planning and Trade
Finance, Planning and Trade
Finance, Planning and Trade
Finance, Planning and Trade
Finance, Planning and Trade
Finance, Planning and Trade
Finance, Planning and Trade
Finance, Planning and Trade
Finance, Planning and Trade
Lands and Natural Resources
Lands and Natural Resources
Lands and Natural Resources
Lands and Natural Resources
Lands and Natural Resources
Lands and Natural Resources
Lands and Natural Resources
Lands and Natural Resources
Lands and Natural Resources
House Business
Administration and National Security
Defence and Foreign Relations
Education, Research and Technology
Justice and Legal Affairs
Transport, Public Works and Housing
Public Investments
Minister for Environment
Miister for Planning and Vision 2030
Assistant Minister for Environment
Assistant Minister for Environment

60
61
62

Parliamentary Committee Clerks
Mr. Kiteru Tiampati
Ms. Florence Abonyo
Ms. Sarah Kioko

Lands and Natural Resources
Finance, Planning and Trade
Agriculture, Livestock and Cooperatives

63

Ministry of Environment & Mineral Resources
Dr.. Alice Kaudia

64
65
66

Mr. Gideon Gathaara
Mr. Lawrence Lenayapa
Ms. Bahati Keranga
Ministry of Health
37

Environment Secretary
Director, Policy Formulation, Interpretation
and Implementatiom
Permanent Secretary
Senior Assistant Secretary

67

Dr. Ibrahim Amira

Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation

68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75

Provincial Commissioners
Mr. Njoroge Ndirangu
Mr. Japhter Rugut
Mr. Osman Warfa
Mr. James Ole Seriani
Mr. S.M. Kilele
Madam Claire Omolo
Mr. Francis M. Mutie
Mr. Ernest Munyi

PC, Nairobi
PC, Central
PC, Rift Valley
PC, North Eastern
PC, Western
PC, Eastern
PC, Nyanza
PC, Coast

76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83

Provincial Directors of Environment
Mr. Isaiah N. Kyengo
Mr. Edward Juma Masaha
Mr. Charles Bore
Mr. Baraza Wangwe
Mr. Kodia Bisia
Mr. Mohamed Ali Hashir
Ms. Oceanic Sakwa
Mr. Ernest Maina Mwangi

PD, Coast Province
PD, Rift Valley Province
PD, Central Province
PD, Western Province
PD, Nyanza Province
PD, North Eastern Province
PD, Nairobi Province
PD, Eastern Province

84
85
86

EMCA Institutions
Ms. Pauline Matu Mureithi
Ms. Catherine Ndegwa
Mr. Donald Kaniaru

Public Complaints Committee
Chief Executive Officer, NETFUND
NET

Principal Moderator
Research on Environment and Development
Consultants

87

Prof. George Krhoda

88

Facilitators
Dr. Kevin Urama

89

Dr. Sheila Ochugboju

90
91
92
93

Prof. Francis Mutua
Dr. Daniel Olago
Dr. Wilson Songa
to be provided by ATPS

94
95
96
97
98

African Technology Policy Studies (ATPS) Staff
Dr. Nicholas Ozor
Dr. Olumuyiwa Alaba
Mr. Marsden Momanyi
Ms. Wairimu Mwangi
Ms. Carol Thuku

Post Doc. Research Officer
Snr. Research Officer
Communications Officer
Research Officer
Programmes Admin. Assistant99

Rapporteurs
Mr. Chris Ambala

UNEP

Executive Director, ATPS
Senior Communications and Outreach Officer,
ATPS
Senior Lecturer, University of Nairobi andChair, Hydrology and Water Resources
University of Nairobi
Agriculture Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture

38

100
101
102
103

Ms. Musonda Mumba
Ms. Eddah Kaguthi
Mr. David N. Mburu
Ms. Joyce Isiaho

UNEP
UNEP
Ministry of Environment
Ministry of Environment

104
105
106
107

UNEP
Achim Steiner
Henry Ndede
Julie Murema
Lydia Kiarie

Executive Director
Coordinator, Kenya Country Programme
Administrative Assistant
BFMS

39

ANNEX 3: COMMUNIQUE of the Parliamentary Committees Sensitization Workshop on Climate
ChangeMombasa Continental Hotel, 08‐09 October 2009

1. We, Members of the Kenyan National Assembly, and the Parliamentary Committees, met in
Mombasa, Kenya, under the theme “Parliamentary Committees Sensitization Workshop on
Climate Change: Mombasa Continental Hotel, 08‐09 October 2009”.
2. We thank the Ministry of Environment and Mineral Resources (MEMR), which in conjunction
with the IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications Centre (ICPAC), the United Nations
Environment Programme (UNEP), and the African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS)
hosted this sensitization workshop for the Members of Parliament in Kenya.
3. We thank the Minister for Environment and Mineral Resources, Hon. John Michuki, MP. for
his opening address in which he emphasized his commitment to collaborative partnerships
across all sectors of society in order to develop effective strategies towards climate change
to tackle Kenya’s vulnerability especially with regard to social and economic development ofclimate vulnerable sectors in Kenya.
4. We also thank the Minister for Forestry and Wildlife, Hon. Dr. Noah Wekesa, MP., for his
keynote address on “The Role of Forests in Climate Change”, where he outlined the need for
diligent enforcement of the regulatory framework and his commitment to collaboration to
enable good stewardship of forest resources which are central to addressing climate change.
5. We appreciate the keynote address by the Minister for Planning, National Development andVision 2030, Hon. Wycliffe Oparanya, on “Climate Change, National Development Planningand the Attainment of the Vision 2030: Challenges and Opportunities” which emphasized theneed for mainstreaming climate change issues in Vision 2030.
6. We applaud the progress already made in Kenya by the United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP) in sensitizing the Kenyan people about climate change through the“Kenya Atlas of Our Changing Environment” formally handed over to us by Mr. Achim
Steiner, Executive Director, UNEP during his Keynote Address.
7. We are concerned that Kenya, like many African countries, while contributing very little togreenhouse gas emissions, will suffer the most from climate change impacts. The
vulnerability of African countries is further exacerbated by lack of capacity (financial,technical, institutional, and otherwise) to adapt.
8. We also applaud the work already being done by IDRC and DFID on climate change in Kenya
under the Climate Change Adaptation for Africa (CCAA) programme as noted by Dr. Evans
Kituyi’s remarks.
9. We recognize that climate change presents huge challenges and opportunities fordevelopment planning in Kenya and hence we recognize the need for our proactive andactive engagement in responding.
40

10. We note that we need to rethink our existing policies and related legislation to see where
there is need for climate proofing development in Kenya, especially in Kenya’s Vision 2030.
11. We are encouraged by initiatives to create a common platform for African Countries on
climate change such as the African Union, the Bali Conference and more recently the
Bangkok Meeting, which may inform the process of preparation of the climate change policy
for Kenya.
12. From this meeting and in view of the Copenhagen Meeting in December 2009 (COP15), we
members of Parliament agree to establish partnerships which will enable us to ensure that
impacts of climate change are holistically taken into account.
13. We acknowledge the invaluable information provided by technical experts during themeeting in the following areas:
13.1 Climate change and environment in Kenya.
13.2 Climate change, land use and natural resources.
13.3 Climate change, agriculture, livestock and cooperatives.
13.4 Climate change and the economy.
13.5 Climate change, national security and law.
14. Based on the above deliberations, we:14.1 Recognize that opportunities and challenges exist for Kenya in climate change(adaptation, mitigation, financing, technology transfer and capacity building).
14.2 Expect Kenya to strongly advocate for favourable trade agreements and otherfinancial instruments during the COP15 negotiations.
15. We as Members of Parliament, resolve to:15.1 Support the Minister for Environment and Mineral Resources in making sure thatclimate change issues are fully incorporated in all sector plans and budgets.
15.2 Review current policies in order to put in place structures and processes thatcommit and engage the country in climate change in all aspects.
15.3 Support the preparation and process for the development of a Climate Change
Policy for Kenya.
15.4 Sensitize constituents on climate change issues in partnership with district andprovincial environment committees.
15.5 Identify and supervise effective allocation and use of local resources including CDF,
LATF and international resources including CDM and investment opportunities forclimate change programs and projects.
16. To address the climate change challenges and exploit financing opportunities, we commit to
support the Kenyan Government to:41

16.1 Strengthen planning and budgeting frameworks taking into account climate change
needs, and integration into national and sectoral development strategies;
16.2 Mobilize domestic resources through new financing instruments, appropriate
pricing and payment mechanisms, and the creation of opportunities for investment by
the private sector;
16.3 Implement an accelerated program of capacity building that will address knowledge
gaps on climate change issues;
16.4 Strengthen the National Climate Change Adaptation Committee coordination
functions for climate change;
16.5 Strengthen Kenya’s presence in the regional and global climate change dialogue,
particularly through regional collaboration and jointly implemented programs such as
early warning systems or climate information sharing.
17. Finally, we as members of Parliament thank the Speaker of the National Assembly Hon.
Kenneth Marende for facilitating our Participation in this important meeting and his
commitment to developing a Climate Change Policy for Kenya. We note the guidance by Mr.
Speaker regarding the formulation of a National Climate Change Response Strategy and the
National Climate Change Policy and Legislation.
We also note his directive and guidance on the need for:17.1 Requisite political will to address climate change;
17.2 Domestication of international conventions, protocols and treaties on climatechange through adequate environmental awareness and educational programmes on
climate change;
17.3 Mainstreaming climate change in Parliamentary debate;
17.4 Resoluteness and decisiveness in tackling issues relating to environmental
degradation;
17.5 Sensitization of the public on the use of renewable and alternative energy sources;
and17.6 Concerted campaign for debt relief in international fora.

Signed by:

42

43

For More Information Contact:
ATPS Secretariat
The Chancery, 3rd Floor, Valley Road
P.O.Box 10081-00100
Nairobi, Kenya
Tel: +254-20-271 4092/271 4498
/272 7925
Fax: +254-20-271 4028
Website: www.atpsnet.org