Nuclear Human Resources Development
Studies in Turkey
Assoc. Prof Dr. Sule Ergun
Hacettepe University Nuclear Engineering Department

Japan Nuclear HRD Network Annual Meeting
Tokyo, Japan

Outline• Introduction– Current Situation of Nuclear Power Plant Projectsin Turkey– Higher Education System in Turkey– Human Resources Development• HRD Studies in Turkey• Nuclear Power Human Resources (NPHR) Modeland Model Prepared for Turkish Nuclear Power
Plant Projects• Possible Colloboration with JN-HRD Network– Turkish Japanese University

Introduction• Building nuclear power plants in Turkey
became an attractive alternative to obtaina new source to produce electricity:– increase in energy demand– lack of natural resources (such as high quality
coal, natural gas and petroleum)– increasing public resistance to hydroelectric
power plants

Introduction• Turkey’s Nuclear Power Plant (NPP)
Projects:– Akkuyu Project• In 2010 an agreement between the Turkish Republic
and Russian Federation was signed• Includes 4 VVER-1200 reactors• It is the first Build-Own-Operate project for building
and operation of a nuclear power plant in the world– the site for the plant was licensed in year 1979, however, thenew data and new analysis were required for the site due to
new issues raised on after Chernobyl and Fukushima-Daiichi
accidents.

Introduction– Sinop Project• In year 2013, another deal to build Turkey’s
second nuclear power plant in Sinop region, anagreement was signed.
• New Project includes 4 units of ATMEA-1 reactors
in the Sinop region.
• In this project a consortium of Japan, French,
Belgian and Turkish companies was established.

Introduction• Higher Education System in Turkey– There are more than 180 universities in Turkey(-state and private universities)– All higher education organizations operate
under Turkish Higher Education Council• ~30 students per faculty member– Almost all universities have Faculty ofEngineering– There are 20 Technology Faculties

Introduction• Higher Education System in Turkey-Colleges– The colleges offering 4 years of education
accept students according to results of a nationalexam– Exam has 5 sessions: math and geometry,science, Turkish and literature, history andgeography, foreign language– The students are placed to departments theypick (can pick 24) according to their exam
grades and quota determined for thedepartments

Introduction• Higher Education System in TurkeyVocational Schools– The vocational high school graduates are
given priority to enroll to higher vocational
schools with or without taking the nationalexam– There is not any vocational school giving
education on nuclear technology or nuclear
applications

Introduction• Human Resources Development (HRD)– Listed as part of the 19 infrastructure issues
addressed by International Atomic Energy
Agency (IAEA) for the newcomer countries– Becomes a challenging issue to deal with:• The two nuclear power plant projects are
conducted almost concurrently in some stages ofthe projects and consecutively in a short time
period for many stages

HRD Studies in Turkey• IAEA Workshop following INIR studies• NPHR Model Applications• Localization Workshop• IAEA Expert Mission to Turkey• Strategy ReportHRD Studies in Turkey– What has been done so far for Ministry of Energy
and Natural Resources• Strategy Study– Work areas, work functions– Share holders of HRD planning, needs and gaps
analysis–
R&D-Academmia–
Project Company, Operator–
Power plant construction, commissioning–Industry–
Training the trainers–NEPIO–Regulatory body, TSOs

HRD Studies in Turkey• Strategy Study– Current situation in Education– International experience, certifications, trainings– Training centers that can be established in our country– Attracting good students to nuclear fieldIntroduction• HRD planning is complicated:– two nuclear power plant projects with two
different approaches with two different
technological backgrounds• The supply chain management for the two projects
will be different• Licensing and therefore making HRD plans forlicensing authority is not a simple one due to two
different technologies involved.
– The need of the regulatory body to a technical support
organization adds another dimension to HRD planning.

Introduction• More issues in HRD– Time periods required for education, training andcompetence building,– determining the needs for outsourcing,– involving Turkish citizens getting education andtraining abroad (such as about 600 Turkish citizens
supported by the Akkuyu Project Company),– finding out the number of young people that can beinvolved in the projects (to find the gap between theneeds and supply),– calculating the retirements or drop outs

Nuclear Power HumanResources (NPHR) Model• NPHR Model– Can be used to calculate the needs and supply ofworkforce for nuclear projects for different time
periods involving different organizations and different
project models– Developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory in
USA by using iThink tool
– Opened to International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)– Given to Turkey (to the Nuclear Energy Project
Implementation Department of Ministry of Energyand Natural Resources) by IAEA

NPHR Model– Flow of manpower similar to the flow betweenpools which are connected to each other bypipes and valves

NPHR Model• The model requires data for both nuclear
projects and workforce.
– The input data required for the model are the• Details for power plant projects (the number ofreactor units, duration of construction etc.),• Demographic data,• Education and training data,• The data on the construction and operation of theplant, regulations and outsourced workforce.

Model Prepared for Turkish
NPP Projects• Assumptions– For technical jobs, percentage of engineers is assumed higher thantechnicians– For job functions, requiring highly experienced personnel, outsourcing
was assumed– Number of personnel working at NPP operation was assumed 850, peak
number of workers was assumed 2200 for the construction– TSO was modeled similar to US NRC– The training and military service periods were taken into account– The retirement age for the workers was determined by taking Turkish law
into account– The drop out rate for the personnel was assumed similar to the rate forthermal plant personnel– The work areas and work functions were defined by using the sample
model for NPHR model for plant operations and constructionModel Prepared for Turkish
NPP ProjectsPlantPreparation
forConstruction- Start

Preparation
forConstruction– End

Start ofConstruction

End ofConstruction

Commissioning

Unit 1

20142015

2015 (lastquarter)

2020

2021

Unit 22015

2016

2016 (lastquarter)

2021

2022

Unit 3201620172017 (lastquarter)

2022

2023

Unit 4201720182018 (lastquarter)

2023

2024

Unit 1

2016

2018

2018

2023

2024

Unit 2

2017

2019

2019

2024

2025

Unit 3

2020

2022

2022

2027

2028

Unit 4

2021

2023

2023

2028

2029

Unit 1

2020

2022

2022

2027

2028

Unit 2

2021

2023

2023

2028

2029

Unit 3

2024

2026

2026

2031

2032

Unit 4

2025

2027

2027

2032

2033

UnitAkkuyu

SinopPlant 3

Model Prepared for Turkish
NPP Projects• Sample Results - NEPIO– The NEPIO of Turkey is rather a specialorganization which is different than the onesin other newcomer countries. Therefore it
required special attention to model.

Model Prepared for Turkish
NPP Projects• Sample Results – Academia– It has been envisaged that 304 doctorate
holding engineers will be employed at theuniversities

Model Prepared for Turkish
NPP Projects• NPHR Model- Sample ResultsConstructionModel Prepared for Turkish
NPP Projects• NPHR Model- Sample Results-Operations

Possible Colloboration with JNHRD Network• In Turkey, all entities are open tocollaboration– Expert support is needed in all areas

Possible Colloboration with JNHRD Network• Plans for Japanese Turkish University– Asia Seed and Higher Education Council ofTurkey
Atsuko Toyama (President, Toyota
Foundation; Former Minister of
Education, Culture, Sports, Scienceand Technology), Kiyoshi Araki(Ambassador, Special Assistant to
the Minister for Foreign Affairs),
Shinji Yamada (Chief of Culturaland Press Section) and Sawako
Kanai (Dr.; Advisor to Ambassador
on Cultural and Press Affairs,Embassy of Japan)

Possible Colloboration with JNHRD Network
In strategy study collaboration with JAEA wassuggested in:• For training of the trainers• For regulatory body
• For R&D