Educational case with design power improvement based on image training method

Susumu KISE1, Sozo SEKIGUCHI1, Kazuya OKUSAKA1 and Shigeo HIRANO2
1 Artner Co. Ltd, Osaka, Japan
2Musashi Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
ABSTRACT: Three-dimensional computer aided design (3D CAD) has become widely used as a standard
CAD. However, a great change is occurring at the design site. In addition, because 2D drawings are notdiscarded even when the conventional tool is changed to 3D CAD, the drawing process itself, such as thewriting of specifications, is still necessary. On the other hand, the improvement in design efficiency isbeing promoted owing to the application of 3D mechanical design, but this is applicable only toexperienced designers, and therefore, it is considered that the objectives and concept of using 3D CAD
have not yet been established among inexperienced designers. We provided education to improve design
skill, using the image training method, for the purpose of solving the following problems.
1) Younger designers do not understand design methods. 2) They can create a shape model but do nothave a clear design concept. 3) They lack the ability to understand 2D drawings. (1) Make designers
understand that, within the design process, the designing of a concept is an important phase that determines
the value of products. (2) Drawing a rough sketch is a technique of simplifying and representing originalideas and images created in the mind. Therefore, designers must understand that concepts cannot be
drawn from the start by CAD. (3) Make designers understand the importance of reviewing their design bydrawing a rough sketch of their images on a blank sheet, and even writing a list of parts required for
assembly diagrams. We evaluated the results of the education and discussed the details of the achievements.
KEYWORDS: three-dimensional design 3D CAD, design and drawing education,

1. INTRODUCTION

architect is considered.

Efficiency improvement is being aimed at themechanical design on business because of the practicaluse of three-dimensional CAD. However, it limited
might be only organization, and be office. It is
descriptive geometry + draft + CAD operation now sofar though the descriptive geometry and themechanical design drafting were studied in theeducational institution. As a result, it appears one after
another to the society the student who cannot read thedrawing it is not possible to trace the plans as anengineer. As for them, a young man designer ofthese days doesn't understand the design approachfrom the mainstay designer, and the design plan is notclear, and it is synonymous with hearing of theunderstanding in 2-dimension drawing the voice suchas low though shape model can be made.

2. FOR WHAT IS IT THREE-DIMENSIONALCAD?

It is educated only to operate CAD without educating
the design, and, now, a corporate leaving will have thesevere one in the future of Japan of the creation
technology founding a state.
In the main discourse, the result is confirmed theexample of the one thing of our image training method
in which a vague strategy to acquire the design power,
especially decision-decision of design-shape and thedevice of shape can be smoothly acquired, and, inaddition, the skill improvement as the mechanicalThe following factors are in the anxiety and thedifficulty of feeling it vaguely at the first time.
1) Concrete difficulty concerning CAD operation andmodeling.
2) The anxiety how it is necessary to advance thedesign mixes even if modeling can be done.
Three externals are made from figure in the sketch
chart and the model is made drawing afterwards if itthinks only about modeling. There is assumption of
having already completed this imagination of the
shape of cross section in the head.
Therefore, it becomes only modeling in 3DCAD
according to shape.After taking the operation training,
everyone is such a conception. However, when themechanism product in the machine device is designed,
it becomes becoming the situation in which anythingcannot be done in front of the screen. Deciding whatshape to make the section in an actual like this productbecomes a start of the design.
The question of modeling from the starting point of
the conception will take notes of the content imaginedfrom the head to three-dimensional data. Modelingonly has to do only the part decided while basicallythe same a complex product, and reading ahead. In aword, even if the modeling of difficult shape cannot be
done, the design will be advanced if a basic design
approach is mastered.

Therefore, the designer will assume an indirectly or
an immediate, some responsibilities in all theprocesses.

3. ABOUT THE STARTING OF THE
MECHANICAL DESIGN
The engineer should invent very, design the unknown
one, and search how it makes it. It is necessary toactually support the design power that makes the thing
an embodiment.
The punch picture that expresses the parameter and themechanism of the design based on the specification at
the early stage of the design is made. In addition, it
thinks about demanded various customers', it searches
for the hint, and it makes it to the punch picture.
Only this process can be said that the starting point ofthe design, and 60% of the design ended at this stage.
4. DESIGN PROCESS AND CONTENT OF WORK
The product development is mass-produced
through the design process shown in Figure 1 ingeneral. The most important stage to design by thedecision of the content of the product that will be
developed in the future, in a word, the structure,
the mechanism, the function, the performance, andthe cost is a plan design. The plan design should be
the one to set up the route that makes it anembodiment deciding the intention from various
original ideas as for what the designer images, andeven the abandonment of the product is devised
recently, and it design it.
The design has various fields, and has a peculiar way
to the field as for the design approach and the flow ofthe design to advance. Here, it squeezes to the designof the mechanism of a general machine and the main
discourse is advanced.

Fig 1

Process design of mechanism

4.1 Content of work
Producing for the specification that the customer
presented to receive an order of work to exist, and intime for the delivery date for which this customers'
needs are filled and it is specified by the one within
the budget and functioning become the purposes ofthe design.
Next, because the machine does the work ofsomething, the mechanism, the mechanism, and themechanism to operate the movement are created(Refer to Figure 2). It is a mechanism with theready-made technology or results, and the hint will berequested from the event of a drastic idea or nature attimes.
Power of creativity or the conception is needed at thisstage. The punch picture is concretely drawn on
paper with the pencil, and the conception is drawn
and will be stopped. A novel image might swell bychance when the desire is made to come round inwork to draw this picture, and it be adopted.

A general machine indicates the equipment machineetc. of an automatic machine that assembles theproduct or the factory. The process from the order tothe installation will be traced as shown in Figure 1 by
the time one machine completes.
The designer need not be well informed of this allprocesses. However, the drawing that the designer
drew runs in the trunk in all the processes. The
person in charge of each sect believes drawing
information as an accurate intelligence and proceeds
work based on information in the drawing.
For instance, those who process it faithfully makeinformation drawn in the drawing an embodiment as
shape, except when he or she cannot process it.

Fig 2

The industrial method, the mechanism
are considered

The punch picture of the lifting and lowering device
drawn by an actual conceptual stage is shown here
(Refer to Figure 3).
Thinking in the design's of the repetition one that theready-made technology was taken increasing morethan becoming the first, and a necessary technology
the new element examination and designing has
decreased though efficiency improvement and thecost performance of the design work are pursued
recently. Moreover, it became an age when efficiency
was prioritized.
Expressing the scene again in the character and thepicture by a necessary element can say the best
technique for concisely transmitting passive
information even by other occupational categories
regardless of the work of the design amplifying thepossibility of the work branch in advancing work to
the image of the idea.
It is training because it doesn't easily cost image
training that sketches seeing the one, the sketch, andthe imagination especially recommended to theyoung man design engineer. It doesn't work still
sitting up to this stage ahead of CAD.

As for a general machine, the size of the size value ofdesign information , for instance, board thickness or
the bolt is decided by a sight sense that is not the one
in an initial design phase decided after it iscompletely made to the theory but rough or theexperience. Because there is a limitation at time, andif something is not decided at the stage somewhere, it
is not advanced.
Here decides shape while deciding original ofdesigner's responsibility and one numerical value inthe area of the balance design on not the theory
design but the drawing and will proceed to the next
step. Of course, a necessary part will do a strict
examination and the calculation by the closing phase.
4.3 Shape cognition
The standard in the drawing was not that the age that
had been drafted with the drafting machine changes
into what had to be noted here until the one drawing
finished depicting it. That is, assembling it with own
sight balance doesn't change becomes possible.
However, it is necessary to decide the standard of thedisplay in CAD the expansion reduction's being
repeated considering the size numerical value of theone because of the balance. The shape recognition tothe actual thing is needed at this stage.
In addition, it advances to production, it doesn't take① customer's elevator by the closing phase of theprocess, and when the problem of no strength
possession in the posture when ③ device that cannot
be carried in the device as there is a building height
restriction in the road to the place of ② installation islifted up etc. comes to light, an extra man-hour andcost will be generated. Therefore, it is necessary torecognize that the installation of the final process isdesigned by thinking at the early stage of the design.

Fig 3

The image is made a picture

4.2 Brief calculation and selection of commercial
item
It is decided that the industrial method is amechanism and selects the commercial item etc. usedwhile doing a brief strength calculation and the
dynamometer calculation when it finishes drawing
the punch picture. Next, the commercial item into
which the size and shape do not change is modeled,other parts also model information on the minimum
requirement degree, and shape is decided.
For instance, if it is round thing, it designs in thecross section. And, the plan chart and the plan chart
are finished up while considering the processability
and assembly.

4.4 Production drawing and processing
The production drawing to produce parts when theassembly drawing of the device is completed and it isapproved is made. An enough check of drawing isneeded because it is processed when it is important topass on information on parts to the person whoprocesses it not to mention the production drawing
concisely and accurately, and finds the mistake by
information as it is.
As for this production drawing, the size value, finish,
and the allowance and the material will be decided to
say nothing of the shape of the thing by mediatedexistence converted from the virtual image (drawing)
into the real image (thing). Moreover, it is needless to
say that the size value filled in from shapeinformation in the drawing is given priority andprocessed.

4.5 Assembly
Not being often assembled occurs when becoming astage where parts are assembled. The mistake of theproduction drawing of the mistake of the size orinterference stands out in relief. When the mistake isfound in the production drawing, obediently
reflecting, correcting promptly, and solving theproblem become important.
When the thing exist, work that the thing is adding
processed or it tries to produce the thing becomes
important. In a word, the leading part moves fromthe drawing to the thing
I think that I can understand if it thinks about serious
of work to plane the change of board thickness on
CAD by 1mm, and the thing by 1mm. Moreover,assembly is interrupted because it should be, a lot ofwork stops, and it will trouble you again toward fromthe outside to the center if it is an elaborate setup andthe mistake is found in parts near contents (center)
including the resolution.
In addition, confirming the delivery date of thecommercial item at the plan stage of the design
becomes important.

problem before original training and training isexecuted every morning.
The machine drawing is recalled and question 1 of thisseat is drawn in the cubic diagram. This is training towhite paper that has been always interested in thething before to advance the design while imagining thealready-known shape that has been seen, observes, andtakes the shape into oneself when designing from one.
When the appearance to sketch certain parts nearoneself is seen, it is relieved. Question 2 makes thecubic diagram the drawing of two dimensions.
Question 3 is the one that the cubic diagram is drawn
based on the drawing of two dimensions. There is a
purpose to improve the ability to draw drafting by thehand chiefly. Question 4 is the one that the production
drawing of one part is drawn from the assembly
drawing of two dimensions. It seems to be difficult for
the trainee with a little experience of the design of thisquestion 4.
The structure cannot be read from the assembly
drawing, and there are a lot of trainees who submit theproblem by a probabilistic answer, too. It is a caution
needed.

When the assembling work is generally completed,the operation test on each doing probe is executed,
and the wiring plumbing will be examined in theentire function though it depends on the size of thedevice. Whether it meets the given specification here
will be confirmed. ① Whether necessary movement
is done by necessary ② power whether to have anecessary stroke are confirmed.
The machine doesn't often work smoothly if it doesn't
do the assembly adjustment even if parts areproduced accurately. In this adjustment work, a labor
thoroughly to the design work or any more is needed.
Skilled adjustment work is needed.
5. RESULT AND CONSIDERATION OF IMAGE
TRAINING METHAD
It is also important that the design is only an analysis
and is not making the drawing but also considers
relativity with the other business segment in the work
step, guesses the event that can be expected again, andinclude them at the stage of the design.
Therefore, the necessity of the education ofstrengthening the image power over the design processwhole overall has risen. Moreover, there were a lot of
consultations of not good drawing the drawing by theconsultation and the hand that was not able to read thedrawing from the trainee.
Figure 4 shows the example of the lesson executed in2006 fiscal year. The first A4 edition is given as a

Fig 4 lesson by hand drawing
Figure 5 shows the effect of this lesson. This is acomparison of 2006 fiscal year 2005 fiscal year when
the lesson was introduced and after it introduces it.

The content is the one that the expansion of theself-return point of the machine-made chart skill item
was compared. The expansion of the point is adifference between the self-evaluation point when
joining a company and the self-evaluation point after it
trains.
There is the seat where engineer's named the skill map
skill is evaluated by our company. There is a grade in
the seat, and is a class of five ranks from E1 toexperience E5 of 20 years when joining a company.
And, the master item of about 12 items is set to eachgrade. The item that measures the expansion of thisskill is the one that the expansion of the point wascalculated about three items concerning theengineering drawing of 12 items of the E1 grade.
It is thought that trainee's master actually feeling levelappears in the graph though no subjectivity strong,absolute measurement result because it is a self-return.
It imagines while still confirming it by eyes, and thetraining work to draw figure by the hand that firmly
remains in the body appears.
In addition, the plan idea shown in Figure 6 as long as
time permits is done and the lesson that shows the idea
is done. This lesson considers the theme that doesn't
give the problem but designs, creates the multiple
plans, and draws the punch picture. And, each idea isself-graded and it develops with the assembly drawing
and the part chart. Moreover, it has aimed at thedevelopment of a free and compound eye conception
power without falling into a limited answer because
the plan idea of about three ideas is created.

Fig 5

6.CONCLUSION
Three-dimensional CAD demonstrates the function
full in a configuration design the flowing curved
surface. In the design of a general machine, designer'sconception and idea are important for the function ofCAD to be made the best use of for the first time.
Young man designer's reading comprehension in thedrawing is especially insufficient also of our company.
Then, the training of the drawing by shortening allprocesses of technological training by about 5%, anddrawing by the hand was introduced. This training is alesson that the trainee of recognizing shape in the headand doing solid modeling feels not good. The young
man designer is working through this training tounderstand indistinct part to draft the design, "Picture",and "Drawing". Moreover, the design decides shapeby the compromise of the condition conflicting. It is
likely to decide it vaguely in a word by the balance
design by the sight sense.
It is necessary to develop relativity and a compound
eye thinking ability before and after the design flow
now advance by the subdivision of the design work.
We will develop a variety of image training teachingmaterials to support those abilities in the future.
REFERENCES
1. YOKOTA, S, OKUSAKA,K, SEKIGUCHI, S,KISE, S, HIRANO, S, “Establishment of Design
Data to Support Design Skills –Nurturing the ability
to image products from visual information-” Proc.
12th ICGG, Salvador (Bahia-Brazil), E09, 2006.

Expansion of skill of engineering drawing

Fig 6

Example of lesson of plan idea creation