Looking Back
In 2010, the first edition of the ASEAN Biodiversity
Outlook (ABO1) provided the baseline for theforthcoming series of ABO reports and identified thedrivers of biodiversity loss
ABO1 emphasized that current efforts were inadequate
to curb the negative impacts of such drivers.
It reported that the region was losing its biodiversity at
an alarming rate at the same time that the Global
Biodiversity Outlook 3 (GBO3) reported that the world
failed to meet its target to significantly reduce
biodiversity loss.
ABO2, now guided with the indicators associated withthe Aichi Targets, will look into how the AMS have
responded to these drivers of biodiversity loss from2011 through 2016.

Where we left off in 2010
Habitat Change
Climate Change

Drivers ofBiodiversity
Loss

Over Exploitation
Invasive Alien Species
Pollution
Population / Poverty

The ASEAN Biodiversity Outlook
2nd Edition (ABO2)
flagship publication of the ASEAN Centre for
Biodiversity (ACB) that showcases efforts anddevelopments on biodiversity conservation in theASEAN region for the period 2011-2015• first edition of the ABO (ABO-1) was launched at
CBD COP 10 in Nagoya, Japan.
• Approached through thePressure – State – Response framework• Referred from 5th National Reports and otherrelevant sources• Presented throughShort Narratives Case Studies Infographics• Peer reviewed by a
PRG, ACB SAC, AWGNCB and GB

ABO2

Chapter 1.
Progress in ASEAN’s Efforts
towards achieving the Aichi
Targets: 5NRs, Aichi Traffic
Lights

Chapter 2.
ASEAN Biodiversity in a
Changing Environment

Chapter 3.
Enhancing implementation:
ASEAN’s priority actions toachieve the Aichi Targets

Chapter 4.
The ASEAN Biodiversity
Outlook: 2020 and Beyond

ABO2
OutlineChapter 1.
Progress in ASEAN’s Efforts towards
achieving the Aichi Targets:
5NRs, Aichi Traffic LightsAichi Targets Traffic Lights….And the indicators provided by the Biodiversity Indicators PartnershipGoal ATarget
1

Target2

Various types of campaigns promote awareness andunderstanding of biodiversity targeting the youth,
government and non-government organizations and theprivate sector. Conflict of resource use and other threatsreflect the lack of understanding of some sectors who
remain uninformed and unconvinced. A regional CEPA
strategy directed at a wider stakeholdership needs to be
operationalized and champions for each of the Aichi
targets need to be mobilized in each AMS.
Half of the AMS have now recognized biodiversity values
in their national development plans and other AMS are invarious stages of reviewing national frameworks, polices
and international treaties to consider the necessaryalignments. There is need to expedite this process as
several other Aichi Targets depend on the integration of
biodiversity into national and local development plans andstrategies.

Goal ATarget
3

Target4

Incentives for biodiversity-friendly performance recognize exemplaryenvironmental performance of private corporations, for dedication,innovation and commitment of park staff, for model communities,and outstanding projects. Incentives have been incorporated into
policy and in the implementation of projects. There is need toconsider a review of subsidies harmful to biodiversity and scale up
the utility of incentives to pursue the attainment of other Aichi
Targets, reforms in policy to favor biodiversity friendly technology inagriculture and accelerate the region’s transformation towards thesustainable energy era.
National initiatives are reducing impacts on forests, demonstratedthrough sustainable use strategies and certifications, investments inenforcement of policies, reducing pressures through thediversification of livelihoods and promoting the concepts andpractice of shared environmental care. The increase in population of
the region has driven the increase of areas allocated to food, timberand natural resource production - imposing corresponding increases
in harmful inputs and misuse of technology, indicating that theASEAN region is overexploiting its natural resources. It is imperativethat policies are reformed to make sure that all technology in theregion is sustainable in the near futureGoal B

Target5

Target6

Target7

In aggregate, ASEAN forests continue to fragment and deplete, despite positive netchanges attributed to reforestation efforts of some AMS. Challenges and illegal
activities remain unresolved. Floods have become a reminder that natural resource
extraction has exceeded its capacity to avert disasters. Despite upscaled efforts,
forest cover continue to decline at the regional level indicating that current actions
are inadequate to respond at the scale at which pressures and illegal activities
persist. Enforcement capacities have to be significantly improved, monitoring andreporting systems enhanced and implemented with a renewed commitment, andextra-regional threats addressed in sync with Aichi Biodiversity Target 1.
National policies on gear and seasonal catch controls, conservation partnerships,
and integrated land and sea use plans have been mobilized but IUU fishing is stillprevalent in the region. Aquaculture appears to pick up the slack in marine capture
fisheries but with significant environmental tradeoffs. The development of an
ASEAN-wide strategy on sustainable fishing practices may be a means to addressthis.
Forest encroachment, agricultural land conversion and heavy reliance on chemical
production inputs threaten ​ecosystem services essential to the conduct ofagriculture in the ASEAN region. Areas allocated to oil palm and rubber continue toincrease and the proportion of agricultural land​​ to total land area declines as theurban population of the region increases. There is a need to support and promoteagro-ecological farming practices and pursue sustainable agricultural farm practices
that employ farm certification schemes.

Goal B

Target8

Target9Target10

AMS have incorporated planned remediation measures in their National
Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plans (NBSAPs), Despite legislation and actions
being put in place, AMS report on the persistence of pollution. Biodiversity in inland
aquatic, coastal and marine ecosystems at the receiving end are most at risk. A
region-wide value change that promotes minimum waste, shared technologies fromindustry partners outside the region should be sustainable and wastes should not beexported to AMS for disposal
AMS are aware of the existence of invasive alien species but there is a need toidentify the pathways of their introduction, plans to prevent their establishment andagreed actions towards their planned eradication. NISSAPs are in place in Cambodia,
Philippines and Indonesia; Malaysia has operationalized its National Action Plan forPrevention, Eradication, Containment and Control of IAS since 2008 and a strong
legal regulation system on biological import and export is in place in Viet Nam
AMS have reported modest improvements in the condition of coral reefs and gains inmangrove reforestation but in some areas declining coral reef cover and seagrass
habitat health related to gaps in governance, land based sources of stress(sedimentation, unsustainable fishing practices, excess agricultural inputs), coral
harvesting and exporting and issues related to conflicts in coastal and marine areause (aquaculture, infrastructure) have been reported. Land-based sources ofthreats, destructive fishing practices and increasing coastal populations, that drive
the loss of coastal and marine biodiversity, have not abated.

Goal C

Target11

Target12

Target13

The AMS have collectively established protection for 14 percent of terrestrial and
2.3 percent of coastal and marine areas under AMS jurisdictions. There is need toexert more effort to align conservation action with the second part of Aichi Target
11, which is to “manage their PAs effectively and equitably through ecologically
representative and well-connected systems of PAs and other effective area-based
conservation measures, and integrated into the wider landscapes and seascapes”.
There is also a need to expedite action to cover representative examples of thediversity of habitats in the ASEAN region and increase coverage for marine
protected areas.
The ASEAN region bears the burden of heavy wildlife traffic. Despite the dismantlingof some criminal organizations and the confiscation of tons of illegal cargo,trafficking remains rampant. A number of species have gone extinct. This threat isreal and the relief of such pressures cannot and will not be abated if actions only
come from within the region. The market demands for wildlife from other countries
and regions of the world have to stop.
In-situ and ex-situ efforts are in place to conserve native and wild varieties of crops
and livestock. Several gene banks have been established for important crops andlivestock species. Out of 7.4 million accessions of plant genetic resources for foodand agriculture maintained globally, eight percent are safely stored in gene banks in
the ASEAN region. Moreover, evaluation and characterization of these accessions arealso being done. There is a need to, establish an interoperable database platform toensure the safety of these genetic resources and regularly monitor storage facilities.

Goal D
Target14

Target15

Target16

Critical ecosystem services in the ASEAN region are taken for granted,undervalued and fail to reflect in market prices. The sustainable
management of marine and coastal resources in ASEAN is necessary tosupport the livelihood of 600 million people who are dependent on thisecosystem. Actions towards achieving related Aichi Targets (4-15)
should consider maintaining ecosystem services and restoration ofecosystems.
AMS have responded by developing climate-smart policies, strategic plans, andmade commitments to reduce emissions, reduce vulnerability to climate change
impacts, increase awareness, improve the capacity of agencies and increase
resilience of ecosystems. There is a need to focus efforts in the restoration ofecosystems with greater CO2 sequestration value, such as mangrove forests, toattain a better value for effort. AMS should expedite the transition towards
sustainable energy through policies that remove incentives to use fossil fuels, enable
the consideration of its externalities in the market system and favor a clean energy
future for the ASEAN region
Six AMS have ratified / acceded to the Nagoya Protocol on access and benefit
sharing (ABS). Regional capacity building activities on the development of draft
national ABS frameworks and enhancement of AMS’ regulatory and institutionalframeworks on ABS have been conducted. Regional cooperation on capacity building
activities for AMS to develop and implement national measures on ABS will besustained.

Goal E

Target17

Target18

Nine out of ten AMS have developed and submitted their respective NBSAPs tothe CBD. All of these nine submissions have undergone revisions and updating
and two have submitted post-2010 versions that take the Strategic Plan for
Biodiversity (2011-2020) into account. All AMS have submitted their Fifth
National Reports to the CBD
True endangerment of traditional knowledge and customary use may be felt in
two AMS, based on the index of linguistic diversity. The change from the use ofgeographically restricted languages to more cosmopolitan forms threatens theexistence of traditional knowledge associated with local languages. Efforts ofILCs in protecting biodiversity through “holy forests and watersheds” have been
duly recognized

Target19

Half of the AMS have taken initiatives to utilize their National CHMs as
biodiversity information repositories and the rest are in various stages oforganizing their CHMs towards full functionality. A regional CHM was developed
to provide an interoperable framework and the means to share and analyze
data at the regional level.

Target20

Recognition of the importance of biodiversity conservation has spurred financial
allocations for various activities from local to the national level, although notalways in an organized fashion nor streamlined with National Plans andProgrammes and the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity.

Chapter 2.
ASEAN Biodiversity in a Changing
EnvironmentUrban BiodiversityChapter 3.
Enhancing implementation:
ASEAN’s priority actions to achieve
the Aichi Biodiversity Targets

Biodiversity
Information
Management:
Cultivating aCulture ofInformation
Sharingchm.aseanbiodiversity.org

Chapter 4.
The ASEAN Biodiversity Outlook:2020 and Beyond

Where we are at thismidpoint of implementation• Economic progress in the past 25 years have
imposed corresponding pressures on biodiversity
and ecosystems functions.
• Drivers of biodiversity loss
– have grown in complexity, brought about bygeneral increases in population, regional
economy, land conversion for agriculture andother uses, pollution and changes in
consumption patterns– loss persist in the ASEAN– result in habitat change, the root cause beingpoor governance.

WhereWhere
we are atwethis midpoint
are ofimplementation

Poor
GovernanceMoving innovative actions at the national level:
continue current mainstreaming activities
Mainstream
Pursue a longtermdevelopment
framework
supported byhighly skilled,
informed andmotivated citizens

Promotebiodiversity
as central tosustainable
development

Integrate
Prioritize
biodiversity
actions forconcerns into
implemenplanning, budgeting,tationimplementation,
Develop and monitoring andpromoteevaluation ofincentives that policies, programs,
Mainstream
facilitate the and activities of
the updated
nationalunderstanding of
NBSAPsinto
biodiversityand development
sectoral its
plans
ecosystemand programs
services Provide options and theInvolve theprivate sector
beyondcorporatesocialresponsibility
programs

capacity to mainstream
biodiversity including
industry standards,
codes of conduct,
guidelines, biodiversity
integration into legal
frameworks andcertification schemes.

biodiversity
in all levels ofgovernance

Incorporate
targets invarioussectors

Proposed Implementation
FrameworkTowards a strategic approach to ensuring environmental
sustainability in ASEAN - ASEAN Socio-Cultural Blueprint 2025
 ASEAN has committed to support thefull implementation of the Strategic
Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 andthe Aichi Biodiversity Targets
 Strategic measures have been agreed
upon by AMS to ensure thatbiodiversity and natural resources in
ASEAN are conserved and sustainablymanaged
 ASEAN Socio-Cultural Blueprint 2025
encompasses key result areas toconserve and sustainably manage
biodiversity and natural resources
and promote environmentally
sustainable cities, sustainableclimate, and sustainableconsumption and production

Towards a strategic approach to ensuring environmental sustainability
in ASEAN - ASEAN Strategic Plan on Environment (ASPEN)
The ASPEN is being developed in line with
the ASEAN Vision 2025. It will cover sevenstrategic priorities on environment andsustainable development:
1) nature conservation and biodiversity;2) coastal and marine environment;3) water resources management;4) sustainable cities;5) climate change;6) chemicals and wastes; and
7) environmental education.
ASPEN will also cover sustainableconsumption and production as a priority
theme. These major thematic areas
identified by ASEAN will be a criticalcontribution of the region in achieving theAichi biodiversity targets.

Towards a strategic approach to ensuring environmental sustainability
in ASEAN - ASEAN Strategic Plan on Environment (ASPEN)ASPEN will define the institutional
coordination and partnerships among ASEAN
bodies and entities
ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity will continue
to support the ASEAN Working Group on
Nature Conservation and Biodiversity(AWGNCB)ASEAN will implement programs to conserveand effectively manage key biodiversity
areas, including protected areas andtransboundary protected areas for bothterrestrial coastal and marine areas.
Other priority thematic areas are ecosystemservices, ecotourism, species conservation,wildlife management, taxonomic capacity,and invasive species management.

Clearly, there is an urgent need to work
together at the national, regional, andglobal levels for parties to the CBD to savebiodiversity and enhance benefits topeople by 2020
Thank you for your support!!

Accelerating actions to halt biodiversity loss in ASEAN:
Necessary Actions to Achieve Biodiversity Targets by 2020
Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss bymainstreaming biodiversity across government and society

Goal A

Heighten awareness and institutionalize communication,
education and public awareness strategies through multisectoral approaches; engage more stakeholders and build theircapacity, including mobilizing champions on biodiversity; andstreamline CEPA activities among various sectoral agencies
Expedite the development of national and local policies andstrategies that integrate biodiversity and poverty reduction
Review subsidies and policies harmful to biodiversity (such as inindustrial forests, mining, and agriculture).

Accelerating actions to halt biodiversity loss in ASEAN:
Necessary Actions to Achieve Biodiversity Targets by 2020

Goal B

Reduce direct pressures on biodiversity and promote itssustainable use
Significantly improve enforcement capacities and establish
monitoring and reporting systems.
Develop an ASEAN Forestry Master Plan, foster Green Economy,
and establish ecological corridors.
Develop an ASEAN-wide strategy on sustainable fishing practices
and enhance national fisheries policies on gear and seasonal
catch controls, conservation partnerships, and integrated landand sea use plans
Secure sustainability of small-scale fisheries to alleviate poverty
and food security.

Accelerating actions to halt biodiversity loss in ASEAN:
Necessary Actions to Achieve Biodiversity Targets by 2020
Reduce direct pressures on biodiversity and promote its
sustainable use

Goal B

Promote agro-ecological farming practices to increase foodproduction and conserve agrobiodiversity.
Accelerate CEPA campaigns for key stakeholders and thepublic to develop and adopt waste management practices(reduce, reuse, and recycle).
Identify pathways of introduction, prevention, anderadication of invasive alien species.
Develop appropriate policies, incentives and penalty systems
to decrease pressures on coral reefs, mangroves and inland
waters.

Accelerating actions to halt biodiversity loss in ASEAN:
Necessary Actions to Achieve Biodiversity Targets by 2020
To improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding
ecosystems, species, and genetic diversity
Expand protected area networks, in particular on coastal and marine
areas and ensure effective protected area management.

GoalC

Enhance protected area management planning by updating andeffectively implementing management plans, enhancing collaborative
management and incorporating climate actions.
Accelerate updating of management plans towards the effective
management of all AHP sites.
Enhance protection of ecologically-representative and well-connected
systems of protected areas, including transboundary management ofprotected areas.
Implement a comprehensive and collaborative species conservation
program that addresses wildlife trafficking at national, regional, andglobal scales.

Accelerating actions to halt biodiversity loss in ASEAN:
Necessary Actions to Achieve Biodiversity Targets by 2020
Enhance benefits from biodiversity andecosystems services for all

Goal D

Undertake ecosystems restoration activities, including assessments andmapping, especially mangroves, with greater carbon sequestration
value.
Enhance protection and restoration of ecosystems services
Enhance capacity building activities to assist AMS to enhance ordevelop and implement national legislative, policy or administrative
measures and institutional structures on access and benefit sharing
Foster regional dialogues to enhance the interface among biodiversity,
health and human well-being.

Accelerating actions to halt biodiversity loss in ASEAN:
Necessary Actions to Achieve Biodiversity Targets by 2020
Enhance implementation through participatory planning,knowledge management, and capacity building
Strengthen partnerships at the regional level to support theimplementation of CBD Strategic Plan and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets.

GoalEContinue to recognize and document traditional knowledge and practices
of indigenous and local communities for the conservation and sustainable
use of biodiversity
Forge partnerships that promote biodiversity information management
and undertake training courses to increase capacity and optimize the useof national Clearing-House Mechanisms as knowledge platforms.
Strengthen resource mobilization efforts, and explore and implement
innovative financing schemes to sustainably finance biodiversity
initiatives.