Oil Spill Response Preparedeness in BTC Crude Oil Pipeline
Turkish Section
Bulent Inanc, Ph.D., HSE Directorbulent.inanc@botasint.com

Oguz Yildiz, Emergency Response Manageroguz.yildiz@botasint.com

Botas International Limited (BIL)
Haydar Aliyev Deniz Terminali, Golovasi Mevkii, Ceyhan, Adana, 01944, TURKEY
ABSTRACTBTC Crude Oil Pipeline Oil Spill Response Preparedeness at Turkish Section
managed by Botas International Limited (BIL) operator of the pipeline. Oil Spill
Response Plan and Containment Manuals covers risk assesments and mitigation
measures for the Turkish section of the pipeline and oil terminal 1,076 km in length
pass thru Georgian-Turkish border to Ceyhan on Iskenderun Gulf on the coast of theMediterranean Sea. Botas International Limited has 4 (four) Oil Spill Response Baseand 1 (one) Satellite Oil Spill Response Base with fully equipped and manned for on
shore and off shore spills. BIL Emergency Response Team and Oil Spill Response
Contractor controls 320 containment site thru pipeline and terminal. Botas
International Limited Emergency Response Teams conducts extensive Tier2-Tier3
Oil Spill Exercises to be prepared in case of oil spill.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
At a length of 1,768km, the Baku Tbilisi Ceyhan (BTC) Pipeline is one of the great
engineering project of the new millennium. It runs 443km through Azerbaijan, 249km
through Georgia and 1,076km through Turkey to the Ceyhan Marine Terminal. The
pipeline is buried along its entire length. At its highest point where it crosses theCaucasus Mountains the pipeline climbs to an altitude of 2,800m. It has a capacity toexport one million barrels of oil a day, designed to meet the export requirements ofthe full field development of the ACG field. The BTC Pipeline facilities include eightpump stations (two in Azerbaijan, two in Georgia, four in Turkey); the Ceyhan Marine
Terminal located on the Turkish Mediterranean Coast; two intermediate pigging
stations; one pressure reduction station, and 101 small block valves. In Turkey, theBTC pipeline is being constructed by BOTAS on BTC Co’s behalf under a lump sum
turnkey agreement. BIL (Botas International Limited) is the operator of the BTC
Pipeline Turkish Section.

Ÿ The pipeline is buried along the entire routeŸ Pipe wall thickness is between 8.74mm and 23.80mm
Ÿ 10.4 million barrels of oil are required to fill the lineŸ Crude oil will take 10 days to travel from one end to the other at 1 million barrels
per dayŸ 220,000 joints of pipe have been welded and 2 million pipe lifts have been madeŸ 206 million km driven (equivalent to driving more than 5,100 times around theworld)

Figure 1 Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Crude Oil Pipeline Route2.0 OIL SPILL RESPONSE PLANNING
BOTAS Project Directorate and BIL has prepared and updated Oil Spill Response Plan,Coastal Sensitivity Atlas, Containment Database Manual, Containment Manual Data Sheets,
Plan for Special Areas, Wildlife Response Plan, Wildlife Database, Government Equipment
Database, Oil Spill Response Equipment Specifications, Environmental Maps,

Special Areas Response Maps, Road Maps, Coastal Sensitivity Maps.
Short Title and CoverOil Spill Response Plan(OSRP)

Document Number, Title and General
Contents
BOT-PLN-ENM-GEN-018, BIL-PLN-OSRGEN-001
Oil Spill Response Plan for BIL
Operations
Primary Oil Spill Response Plan Document.
9 Sections, 14 Appendices

Coastal Sensitivity Atlas

BOT-REP-ENM-GEN-012
Coastal Sensitivity Maps andContainment Manual, Iskenderun Gulf
and Vicinity
Marine and coastal environmental
information, risk analyses, fisheries
information, coastal sensitivity mapping
explanation and maps.

Containment Database
Manual

BOT-PLN-ENM-GEN-015
Introduction to Oil Spill Containment
Database Manual
Methods to maintain and update theContainment database manual, results ofsearch queries (environmental sites, rivercrossings, etc.), description ofenvironmental factors, and potential spill
sizes by KP.

Containment Manual DataSheets

BOT-PLN-ENM-GEN-017
Oil Spill Containment Database Manual
All information relating to pipeline andmarine containment sites, including maps,
logistics, equipment and environmental
information.

Oil Spill Response Equipment
Specifications /BOT-REP-ENM-GEN-047
Oil Spill Response Equipment
Specification Sheets
Database of vendors, equipment
purchases, location, and equipment
specification sheets.

Plans for Special Areas

BOT-PLN-ENM-GEN-014 / BOT-REPENM-GEN-008
Oil Spill Plan for Special Response
Areas
Detailed description and plans for two
types of special areas: environmental andfault zones.
Determining Water Well Protection
Areas along the PipelineAnalysis of water well capture zones inmajor aquifers, and response measures.

Wildlife Response Plan

BOT-REP-ENM-GEN-026
Wildlife Response Plan
Description of measures to be taken tohandle, treat and release oiled wildlife,
including birds, turtles, and mammals.

.
Wildlife Database /BOT-REP-ENM-GEN-017

Government Equipment
Database

BOT-REP-ENM-GEN-018
Government Equipment Database
List of equipment from government nationaland provincial sources, with written
Protocols with each agency, as well asdatabase update/maintenance manual.
.

Short Title and Components

Full Map Title, Scale and Index Map

EM MAPSENVIRONMENT MAPS / 1:30,000

Pipeline + KP
Block Valves, Pump Stations, Pressure Reduction Stations
Sensitivity Categories
Drainage PathContainment Sites
SRA Intercept Points
Forward Holding Place
Road Access to Containment Sites
Forests
National Parks
Wildlife Protection Areas
Ecologically Sensitive Areas (ESAs)
Rivers, Lakes
DSI Manned Dams
Water Intakes
Well Sites and Recharge Areas
Well Capture Zones (50, 300, 4000 day)Land and Marine Fisheries Information
Fish Farms

SPECIAL RESPONSE AREA MAPS / 1:10,000

SPECIAL REEPONSE AREA MAPS
ÖZEL MÜDAHALE ALANI HARİTALARIsi

01 - Posof Forest
02 - Sarikamiş Forest
03 - Erzurum Fault Zone
04 - Erzurum Marshes
05 - N. Anatolian Fault
06 - Kuru Lake
07 - Alaçorak & Ulaş Lakes
08 - Çokak & Kızıloluk Faults
09 - Aslantaş Reservoir

M MAPS / RM HARİTALARI

1:200,000 and 1:140,000

SUMMARY COASTAL SENSITIVITY MAP
1:230,000

Sensitivity Categories
Wildlife Life History / Seasonality
Important Bird Areas, Containment Sites;Rivers, Lakes, Water Intakes,Fisheries Information,Fish Farms

2.1 OIL SPILL CONTAINMENT DATABASE MANUALBotas International Limited Oil Spill Response Plan Containment Manuals covers
320 containment sites; these data sheets contain the output of the Containment
Manual Database. Both Containment Sites (C-Sites) and Forward Holding Points(FHPs) are provided, organized by response depot (Kars, Erzincan, Kayseri andCeyhan Marine Terminal (CMT). These data sheets provide guidance in responding
to oil spills emanating from the BTC Pipeline and related facilities in Turkey. The
database is a stand-alone computer program in Access as shown Figure 2.
Background information concerning the database structure and data files areprovided in Introduction to Oil Spill Containment Manual Database.

Figure 2 The database is a stand-alone computer program in Access

Any KP (Kilometer Point) where oil spill occurred can be entered to the software tofind out C-Site (Containment Site) by KP

Figure 3 Preview/Print Report options available for related C-Site (Containment Site)Figure 4 Sample C-Site (Containment Site) Report for Spill Location

Explanation of the terminology for the C-Site report given as follows;
Locator: Site location based on closest KP direction anddistance from the pipeline.
Field (Site) Name: Turkey uses a 3 letter designator which
relates to the drainage basin; e.g. ARA = Aras River, FIR = Firat
River, with a number.
Zone: Turkey has three zones, 36, 37 and 38.
Easting, Norting: GPS easting(X) and norting(Y) coordinatesof the site.
Downstream Containment Sites: Containment sites
downstream of the site being described. If it ends in a dam /reservoir, or crosses an international boundary, this is noted aswell.
Upstream Containment Sites: Containment sites upstream ofthe site being described. All secondary sites have one or more
upstream sites. All primary sites have no upstream sites for thesegment listed (as there is a direct connection with the pipeline).
Type of Site: Primary or Secondary. A primary site is theContainment Site to be activated for a particular segment. A
secondary site is most commonly downstream of the primary site
and would be activated if spilled oil passes the primary site.
Response Depot: Area covered by the response depot atKars, Erzincan, Kayseri or Ceyhan.
Maps: Environmental, Special Response Area, Road maps
numbers are showing the containment site.
FHP Site: Forward Holding Point for this containment site.
Site Description: General description of the Containment Sitework area.
Directions: Directions to the site from the designated response
depot. River Conditions: River width(m) and depth(m) values for summer andmaximum flow conditions.
Bank Condition: Information about the river bank.
Highest ESI in Segment: The highest Environmental
Sensitivity Index value within the segment,
ESI CATEGORIES
1=Farm/Grazing,
2=Karst,3=Forest,
4=Fault Zone,
5=Wet Meadow,
6=Ecologically Sensitive Area,
7=Aquifer,
8=Archaeology,
9=Ecological Special Response Area,
10=River/Lake Crossing.

Biological Features: Description of key bio features
found along the pipeline.
Human Use Features: Description of major cultural andhuman use features along the pipeline.
Site Environment: Description of the site, focusing on
environmental characteristics, including whether a town orvillage is nearby.
Archeology and Cultural: Description of evidence ofpossible historic or archaeological feature at the site.
Land Use: Farming and / or grazing present.
Industry: Whether industry is present at the site or not.
Gravel extraction is most common.
Ownership: Owner of land if known.
Wildlife Zone: Wildlife (birds, fish, insects, mammals,etc.) that were observed.
Method: Cleanup method for this Containment
Site (equipment type, quantity, etc).
Site Laydown Area (m2): Approximate size of
the work area at the site (10,000 m3 is used as
the largest site).
Other Equipment (Number Required):Information on other equipments that will beused during the cleanup activities.
Storage (Units Required): Type of storage tobe potentially used.
Comments: Comments on boom, skimmer, orother equipment required.3.0 OIL SPILL RESPONSE LOGISTICS
Botas International Limited has 4 (four) Oil Spill Response Base at Kars (figure 6), Erzincan(figure 7), Kayseri (figure8) and Ceyhan (figure 9). Satellite base at Ceyhan for rapid
deployment has been installed. BIL contracted Oil Spill Response Services and 68
contractor staff are present thru Oil Spill Response Bases.

Figure 5 Response Areas for each Oil Spill Response Base

Figure 6 Kars Oil Spill Response BaseFigure 7 Erzincan Oil Spill Response Base

Figure 8 Kayseri Oil Spill Response BaseFigure 9 Ceyhan Oil Spill Response Base

Figure 10 Satellite Oil Spill Response Base at Ceyhan Marine Terminal

Oil Spill Response Time Requirement for on shore spill.
ActivitySpill Volume
Planning
note
Guideline

ResponseTime Planning
Guideline

Cumulative
Response TimePlanning
Guideline

Notification

00

Mobilization of staff to Response Base22

Departure from Response Base withappropriate initial response EQUIPMENT

24

Travel time to spill site

484121224

13

Deployment of initial Response Resourcesat single Containment site

520 mFull Tier 2 Capability in place at 2containment sites using EQUIPMENT andresources from two or more first responsebases

2986 m3

Oil Spill Response Time Requirement for off shore* spill.
ResponseTimePlanning
Guideline

Cumulative
Response Time
Planning
Guideline

Notification

00

Mobilization of staff to CMT Response Base

22

Transfer of Oil Spill EQUIPMENT from CMT first
response base to Marina

24Loading of Boats

26Travel time to containment site / area of spill284121224

Activity

Spill Volume
Planning
Guideline Note 1

Deployment of initial Response Resources at single
Containment site350 m3

Full Tier 2 Capability in place at 2 containment sites
using EQUIPMENT and resources from two or more firstresponse bases

2000 m3* Installation of Ceyhan Oil Terminal Satellite Oil Spill Response Base Response
Time has been shortened considerably.

4.0 OIL SPILL PREPAREDENESS
Botas International Limited conducts at least 6 (six) Tier2 Oil Spill Drill and 1 (one)Tier3 Oil Spill Drill yearly. Oil Spill Drills and lessons learned from each spill improve
our readiness. BIL organized 8 Alpha (Tier 2) Oil Spill Drill in year 2006.

Figure 11 Tier 2 Oil spill drill examples

Figure 12 A view from Alpha 11 – Offf shore oil spill exercies at Iskenderun Bay

BIL follow Incident Command System (ICS) and has following structure. All Tier 2and Tier 3 oil spills will be managed by BIL ICS.

Figure 13 BIL Incident Command System Structure

5.0 CONCLUSIONS
Botas International Limited (BIL) provides World class oil spill response capability for
the Turkish section of BTC Crude Oil Pipeline, required by BTC Co. (the client). The
high standards of this project requires extensive manpower, skills and equipments.
The HSE Department coordinates and manages all aspects of oil spills including
environmental, safety and crisis management.
Oil spill response preparedness in BIL shows that any oil spill in Turkey section of
the BTC Pipeline can be responded effectively, so that no significant impact on theenvironment will be left.