The 9TH GEOSS Asia-Pacific Symposium
Earth Observations Supporting the Implementationof the SDGs in the Asia Pacific Region

CO2 Monitoring from Space:
TanSat and GF-5/GMI Mission Status

Yi LiuInstitute of Atmospheric Physics,
Chinese Academy of Sciences

Tokyo, Japan, 11 – 13 January 2017

TanSat Launching
TanSat was successfullylaunched on December 22 in
JiuQuan Satellite launching
center

Content
Scientific challenges for CO2 monitor from space
TanSat development status
GF-5/GMI Mission Status
Perspective and Plan

What Controls Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide?
Natural systems including the ocean and plants on land
both absorb and emit CO2 to the atmosphere• Each year, the Land Biosphere– emits ~120 Billion tons carbon (~440 Gt CO2)
– reabsorbs ~122 Billion tons carbon (~450 Gt CO2)
• Each year, the Ocean– emits ~90 Billion tons carbon (~330 Gt CO2)
– reabsorbs ~92 billion tons carbon (~340 Gt CO2)
Currently, these natural systems are• absorbing more than half of the 40 Gt of carbon dioxide
emitted by human activities• limiting the rate of carbon dioxide buildup and its
impact on the Earth’s climateCarbon Budget Picture
There is large uncertainty remain among these 3 systems

SinksEmissions

Uncertain remained in carbon flux estimation

Bottom-upTop-down

Carbon Budget from Top-down and Bottom-up Approaches
Adding new CO2 measurements within or around China, the inverted CO2 sink in China
gets larger and its uncertainty is reduced.
Carbon budgets of China’s terrestrial
ecosystems from 2006 to 2009.

Bayesian Inversion

CarbonTracker China

Blue: GLOBALVIEW-CO2 and/or WDCGG
Orange: +3 additional stations from China Meteorological Administration
Green: +CONTRAIL aircraft CO2 measurements.

Jiang et al, Nature Sc. Rep., 2016

ContentScientific challenges for CO2 monitor from space
TanSat development status
GF-5/GMI Mission Status
Perspective and Plan

4th Aug, 2016，Beijing

The TanSat Mission(1) National High Technology Research &Development Programs by Ministry of Science andTechnology of China (MOST)
Term-1 (2011-2015)
Term-2 (2013-2015)(2) Strategic Priority Research Program -Climate
Change: Carbon Budget and Relevant Issue by
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) – (2011-2015)(3) Strategic Priority Research Program –Space Science: Scientific Research Satellite (CAS)(2015-2016)--- Organization of TanSat Mission--- Funding Launch fee

Term-1(2011-2015)
Measurement Goals
XCO2
1~4 ppmv
Monthly
500 x 500 km2
Term-2(2013-2015)
Measurement Goals
CO2 Flux
Relative flux error
20%Monthly
500 x 500 km2

Satellite Platform - Observation Mode
Name

Characters

Orbit typesun-synchronous

Altitude

700 kmInclination

98°

Local time

13:30

Weight500Kg

Nadir mode- Observation over land
- Push broom- Principle plane track
Sun-glint mode- Observation over ocean- Sun glint track- Principle plane track
Target mode- Validation- Surface target track- Multi angles for one targetNadir modeSun-glint mode

Target mode

TanSat Instrument
Carbon Dioxide Sensor(CDS)

0.765µm O2 A-Band

Cloud and Aerosol
Polarization Imager - CAPI
• Ultraviolet: 0.38μm• Visible: 0.67μm• Near infrared: 0.87, 1.375 and1.64μm• Polarization: 0.67 & 1.64 μm

CO2 1.61µm BandCO2 2.06 µm Band

2.06 μm splitter2.06 μm focal plane

1.61 μm focal plane

NIR electronic control
Pointer electronic control
0.76 μm focal plane
Grating

Pointer

1.61 μm splitter
0.76 μm splitter
Telescope
Instrument set

CAPI-CALCAPI-NIRCAPI-VISTanSat XCO2 Retrieval Algorithm-Apply to GOSAT
Validation
Bias: -1.9 ppmv (~0.48%)
SD: 1.1 ppmv (~0.28%)

Trend in 2012

Inter-comparison
P0: 1.2hPa (~0.1%)bias
2.8hPa (~0.28%)SD
XCO2: -2.4 ppm (~-0.6%)bias
1.23 ppm (~0.3%)SD

Lamont, US

0.5% errors

Inter-comparison
Validation

Ground based measurement network
Ground-based Measurement Sites in China

Inner Monoglia
Xinglong
Dunhuang

Site

Instrument

Beijing

IFS125/HR+325mTower+7 Licor

Shenzhen

IFS125/HR
CIMEL+MWRXinglong

IFS 125/M

Shandong

Optical SpectrumAnalyzer(OSA)

Dunhuang

Optical Spectrum
Analyzer(OSA)

HainanIslandOptical Spectrum
Analyzer(OSA)

Urumqi

FGGA/LGR

Waliguan

FGGA/LGR

Beijing
Shandong

Shenzhen
HainanCalibration, Validation

Ground sites

Surface CO2 validation Stations
Shandong

DunHuang
流动站---东营

HaiNan

XiShuangBanna

Content
Scientific challenges for CO2 monitor from space
TanSat development status
GF-5/GMI Mission Status
Perspective and Plan

4th Aug, 2016，Beijing

Chinese Satellites: GF-5

Higher resolutions satellite series
Gaofen Satellites

GF-5

2017.6 ???

GF-1,GF-2,GF-3,GF-4,GF-5
Fengyun Satellites
Meteorological Satellite

GF-4 2015-12-29

FY-1A~D,FY-2A~G,FY-3A~C，FY-4
Haiyang Satellites
Oceanic Satellite

HY-1A,B,HY-2,HY-3

GF-3 2016-8-10

Ziyuan Satellites
Resource Satellite

CBERS-1,2,ZY-1~3
Huanjing Satellites
Environmental Satellite

HJ-1A/B/C

GF-2 2014-8-19
GF-1 2013-4-26

GF-5 satellite specification and orbit parameters
Orbital TypeSun synchronous orbit

Orbital altitude

708 kmLocal time

1：30

Sensors onboard GF-5

 Advanced Hyperspectral Imager (AHSI) Visual and Infrared Multispectral Sensor (VIMS)
 Greenhouse-gases Monitoring Instrument (GMI) Atmospheric Infrared Ultraspectral (AIUS)
 Environment Monitoring Instrument (EMI) Directional Polarization Camera（DPC）

GMI parameters

Greenhouse-gases Monitoring Instrument(GMI)
Flight direction

Observation
patterns

Along track
direction
AT（km）

Across-track direction
CT（km）

5100

212

7130

142

9130

1061

GMI Instrument Characteristics
Spatial heterodyne spectroscopy is a new spectroscopic
technique which can obtain high spectral resolution.
A spatial heterodyne spectrometer has a two beamdispersive interferometer which includes a diffraction
grating as a beam splitter/combiner.
The instrument PI : Yanli Qiao
Anhui Institute of Optics andMechanics,
Chinese Academy of Sciences
The GMI is planning to belaunched in the middle of 201721

Content
Scientific challenges for CO2 monitor from space
TanSat development status
GF-5/GMI Mission Status
Perspective and Plan

Future outlook
1. TanSat will provide L1, L2, L3 CO2 data to different users-Scientist,
Policy Makers，Common User,…Open data policy for GHG
data will be approved soon.
2. TanSat will work together with GOSAT, OCO-2 to fill the gap ofglobal GHGs observations.
3. GF-5/GMI will provide CO2 and CH4 observation data in the nearfuture.
4. Chinese CO2 and CH4 data from space will support the overall
goals of GEO and will provide prototype systems supporting theimplementation of the GEOSS GHGs

TanSat Data Policy
1. TanSat will provide L1 products after 6 months of launch and will
release L2 products after 9 months of launch to different
Scientific users, and then the verified higher lever products(L2¥L3¥L4) will be provided to policy makers, common User.
2. TanSat data policy have been proposed by the TanSat scienceteam, and will be soon approved by the MOST.
3. TanSat Science team will apply OCO-2, GOSAT data as animportant source of cross-calibration. More close cooperation
among space agencies on GHGs will be achieved.

The 9TH GEOSS Asia-Pacific Symposium

Tokyo, Japan, 11 – 13 January 2017