Countermeasures against Oil Pollution
at Sea in Japanー Current Situation and Challenges ーJapan Coast Guard (JCG)

2005/3/4

Marine Environment Protection andDisaster Prevention Division1

Oil Pollution in Disaster
Oil Spill from an Oil Tanker
Disaster in General
Disaster Countermeasures
Basic Law

Disaster Leading to Marine Pollution
The Law Relating to thePrevention of Marine Pollution
and Maritime Disaster

Disaster Causing Damage, to Fishery, etc
The Law on Liability for Oil Pollution
Damage2005/3/4

Marine Environment Protection andDisaster Prevention Division2

Measures against Oil Spill Incidents
Measures for Prevention of Accidents

・ Port State Control
・ Acceleration of the Use of Double Hull Tankers
Emergency Measures ・Measures for Restoration

・Developing regime of lows and plans
・Establishment of the system of execution,
2005/3/4

materials and equipment for combating oilspills
Marine Environment Protection andDisaster Prevention Division

3Plans for the Emergency Measures andMeasures for Restoration
The basic plan to prevent disaster in Japan

Basic Plan for Disaster
Prevention
Each organization’s
Operational Plan for
Disaster Prevention

DisasterCountermeasures
Basic Law

Plans which national governmental agencies
draw up based on Basic Plan for Disaster
Prevention

Local Plan for DisasterPrevention

Plans which local governments draw up
based on Basic Plan for Disaster Prevention

National ContingencyPlan

The plan based on International Convention
on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response
and Co-operation,1990
The plan describes oil pollution preparedness
and response in Japan

Regional Contingency
Plans

2005/3/4−
The Law Relating
to the Preventionof Marine
Pollution andMaritime Disaster

The plans describe oil pollution preparedness
and response with respect to each 16 regions

Marine Environment Protection andDisaster Prevention Division4

Basic Plan for Disaster Prevention

2005/3/4¡was developed by Central Disaster Prevention Council
based on The Disaster Countermeasure Basic Law¡

is the basic plan regarding disaster prevention in Japan¡describes response at each stage of 1. disaster prevention ,2. emergency measures against a disaster, and 3.
restoration from the disaster¡includes measures not only against natural disaster, e.g.
earthquake and tsunami, but also against a maritime
disaster and a nuclear disasterMarine Environment Protection andDisaster Prevention Division

5

National Contingency Plan

2005/3/4¡

was developed in 1997 based on International Convention onOil Pollution Preparedness Response and Co-operation(OPRC Convention),1990¡sets down the national framework for oil pollution
preparedness and response¡includes establishment and maintenance of the system,
communication, preparation of equipment, exercise, response
to oil pollution, evaluation of oil pollution incident, mutual
cooperation among related governmental agencies, and so
forth

Marine Environment Protection andDisaster Prevention Division

6

Regional Contingency Plans¡ were developed by the Commandant of the JCG

based on the Law Relating to the Prevention ofMarine Pollution and Maritime Disaster2005/3/4¡clarify and define necessary matters of oil pollution
preparedness and response taking into account National
Contingency Plan¡

are described with respect to 16 regions¡

provide the response required for the envisioned accidents
assumption of the accident in each region
Marine Environment Protection andDisaster Prevention Division7

分図

瀬戸内海中部海域
瀬戸内海東部海域

瀬戸内海西部海域

北海道沿岸海域

大阪湾・播磨灘海域

北陸沿岸海域

東北沿岸海域

山陰沿岸・若狭湾海域
九州北部沿岸海域

東京湾
四国南部沿岸海域

九州南部沿岸海域

2005/3/4

伊勢湾東海西部沿岸海域

分図参照

関東・東海東部沿岸海域

Marine Environment Protection and沖縄沿岸海域
Disaster Prevention Division8

National organization in case of an accident
The Central Government
The meeting among the national government
agencies for oil pollution preparedness andresponse

Precautionary Headquarters (HQ)
Chief: the Commandant of the JCG

The Disaster Countermeasure HQ
Chief: the Minister of Land, Infrastructure andTransport in principle

On-SceneThe meeting for Communication andCoordination

事態 On-Scene HQ for Communication andの Coordination
Chief: the Commander of the Regional Coast
深 Guard (RCG) HQ
On-Scene Disaster Countermeasure HQ
刻 Chief: the Senior Vice-Minister for Land,
Infrastructure and Transport in principle
度※ The Meeting for Communication and Coordination consists of members from by the JCG,
local government, fishery industry, the ship owner, surveyors, and others2005/3/4

Marine Environment Protection andDisaster Prevention Division

9Oil Spill Accident

油流出事故発生

Identification the situationof the spilled oil

Spilled oil trajectory
prediction

Evaluation of the spilled oil, environment
impact, influence on economic activities
Take emergency measures

No impact

Monitoring and
Surveillance

Any impacts

Strategy formulation for oil combating

2005/3/4

Marine Environment Protection andDisaster Prevention Division

Evaluation of the Response

disposalOil Spill Response Operation

Response technique

Finalization of the strategy for the oilspill response

Oil combating equipment

Consultation andCoordination

Consideration of thePrioritization ofVulnerability

Human and materialresources

10Defence・Containment
・Waiting
・Leading

Dispersion

Recovery・Physical recovery

・Chemical dispersion

・Mechanical recovery

・Others・Others

Shoreline clean-up
・Recovery / removing
・Washing
・Site restoration / natural recovery

TemporarystorageTransportation
Temporarystorage
Land transportation

Disposal
2005/3/4

Marine Environment Protection andDisaster Prevention Division

11

Spilled Oil Trajectory Prediction

2005/3/4

Marine Environment Protection andDisaster Prevention Division

12

Mapping of Environmental Sensitivity Index(ESI)2005/3/4

Marine Environment Protection andDisaster Prevention Division

13

National Strike Team・was established under the 3rd Regional Coast Guard
Headquaters in 1995
・has three teams and each team consists of four
response officers
・is expert group of disaster prevention at sea and isalways ready to respond to accidents happened at
anywhere in Japan・was dispatched 20 times in 2004
2005/3/4

Marine Environment Protection andDisaster Prevention Division

14

Maritime disaster prevention center
・was reorganized into independent administrative
corporation・has a network with contractors and works as acenter of the private sector

・is a designated public corporation based on thebill on the protection of lives and assets

2005/3/4

Marine Environment Protection andDisaster Prevention Division

15

Organization Chartby the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act
A Disaster struck

Emergency Meeting at the prime minister’s office

The meeting among the national government agencies
The Precautionary HQ in the JCG

The Disaster Countermeasure HQ in the Government

2005/3/4

Marine Environment Protection andDisaster Prevention Division

16

Huge Earthquake in Nigata Prefectureon 23 Oct 2004
The Earthquake occurred at 17:56

Emergency Meeting was held at 18:20

The meeting among the national government agencies
was held at 01:00 on 24 Oct

The first Meeting of the Disaster Countermeasure HQwas held at 09:30
2005/3/4

Marine Environment Protection andDisaster Prevention Division

17

Oil Pollution by “Diamond Grace” ran agroundon 2 July 1997
Diamond Grace ran aground in Tokyo Bay at 10:05

The Precautionary HQ was established at 11:00

The first Meeting of the Precautionary HQ was held
at 12:00
The first Meeting of the Disaster Countermeasure
HQ was held at 14:00
2005/3/4

Marine Environment Protection andDisaster Prevention Division18

Collaboration with Related Authorities

Recoveryof oildrifted

Oil spillaccident

Transport of oil combating equipment
Ask the local police to lead thetransportation

Oil driftedashore

Shoreline Clean-up
Ask the local government to conduct clean up
operation
2005/3/4

redeovceil rooflaosp
Dis

Marine Environment Protection andDisaster Prevention Division19Challenges
・To define the strategy for oil combating operation

・Revitalization of Council for Countermeasuresagainst Oil Spills

・Further use of oil combating equipment and experts

2005/3/4

Marine Environment Protection andDisaster Prevention Division20