Nippon Kayaku (Thailand) CO., LTD.
Technical Service Center[Kayacion E-CG series for vivid green dyeing]・ The Kayacion E-CG series are a reactive dye series developed for vivid green color dyeing with excellent dyeing
reproducibility.
・ This document will explain and show the levelling properties of the E-CG series in producing vivid green shades.

Kayacion E-CG: Liquor ratio dependency and dyeing temperature dependency
Liquor ratio dependency

Dyeing temperature dependency

Kayacion E-CG
(80℃ dyeing)

Other company(70℃ dyeing)

Other company(80℃ dyeing)Liquor Ratio 1:30 Dyeing concentration (Recipe % x 1.14)

Our E-CG trichromatic colors, Lemon E-CG, Turquoise E-CG, andBlue E-CG, have matched affinity which enables for excellent
reproducibility.

NIPPON KAYAKU (THAILAND) CO., LTD.
ADD: 13th Floor, Ramaland Building, 952 Rama IV road, Suriyawongse, Bangrak, Bangkok 10500
TEL: +66-2-235-2843 HP: http://www.kayakuth.co.thKayacion E-CG: Affinity and Reactivity (In comparison with Kayacion E-LE conc)
Glauber’s salt Absorption (Na2CO3 not added)
Liquor Ratio 1:12Dyestuff, G.S.

E-CG Affinity Step dyeing: G.S. dyebath

E-LE Affinity Step dyeing: G.S. dyebath(No Na2CO3 added)(No Na2CO3 added)

・ The graph above shows the absorption behavior at each temperature when Na2CO3 is not added (only dye and G.S. isadded).
・ For Kayacion E-LE conc (Right graph), there is small absorption difference from 40℃ to 98℃ and the absorption drops
from 82.2% at 80℃ to around 75% at 90℃ to 98℃.
・ By contrast, for Kayacion E-CG (Left graph), the absorption at 40℃ to 60℃ is about 40%, and the absorption amountincreases towards 98℃. Kayacion E-CG does not show the same decrease in absorption at 90℃ to 98℃.
・ The cool-down dyeing method is a method of migrating the dye at condition where the absorption is reduced to obtain
more uniform dyeing. Therefore, for Kayacion E-CG, if absorption spots/unlevel dyeing occur during the temperature riseprocess, dye transfer (migration) cannot be expected even if migration process is performed at 95℃ to 98℃・ To achieve uniform dyeing and prevent dyeing spots/unlevel dyeing with Kayacion E-CG, it is recommended to consider
the absorption amount in the temperature rise process and slow down the temperature increase rate.

NIPPON KAYAKU (THAILAND) CO., LTD.
ADD: 13th Floor, Ramaland Building, 952 Rama IV road, Suriyawongse, Bangrak, Bangkok 10500
TEL: +66-2-235-2843 HP: http://www.kayakuth.co.thKCN E-CG 40℃ addition of Na2CO3: Affinity and Reactivity
KCN E-CG 40℃ Addition of Soda Ash: Step dyeing

Liquor Ratio 1:12Absorption
Reaction
Alkali not
yet added

Dyestuff, G.S.

Absorption

ReactionAbsorption
Reaction・ The data above shows the absorption and reaction of E-CG with the addition of Na2CO3 at 40℃.
・ The absorption difference before the addition and after the addition of Na2CO3 at 40℃ is about 10% (38.6-27.9).
・ In contrast, the absorption difference from 40℃ to 80℃ is approximately 50% (88.8-38.6) and during that time, fixation
is progressing by approximately 60% (67.2-4.9).
・ Therefore, even if there are no absorption spots/unlevel dyeing at the stage after alkali is added at 40℃, unlevel dyeing
can still occur during the temperature rise process.

NIPPON KAYAKU (THAILAND) CO., LTD.
ADD: 13th Floor, Ramaland Building, 952 Rama IV road, Suriyawongse, Bangrak, Bangkok 10500
TEL: +66-2-235-2843 HP: http://www.kayakuth.co.thKayacion E-CG: Levelling properties in Glauber’s salt dyebath・ Relationship of top temperature and cool down temperature on levelling properties. Liquor ratio is 1:12. Add undyed
fabric A in the dye/G.S. bath and let the dye absorb for 10 minutes → Add undyed fabric B and allow dye absorption for
20 minutes → Add Na2CO3 for fixation.

・ When the top temperature is below 98℃, there are larger differences in the shade of Fabric A and Fabric B.
・ Fabric A and Fabric B is closest in shade at top temperature of 110℃.
Reference
Isothermal

Isothermal

Cotton・ In case of dyeing at above 110℃ with cool down, the produced hue of both cotton and Tencel will be bluish

NIPPON KAYAKU (THAILAND) CO., LTD.
ADD: 13th Floor, Ramaland Building, 952 Rama IV road, Suriyawongse, Bangrak, Bangkok 10500
TEL: +66-2-235-2843 HP: http://www.kayakuth.co.thKayacion E-CG: Levelling properties with Na2CO3 addition
temperature
Dyestuff
Glauber’s salt

Fabric B Fabric B

Fabric A, B

outin

Dyestuff
Glauber’s salt

Fabric B Fabric B

Fabric A, B

outin

Rate of temperature increase 1.5℃/min

Dyestuff
Glauber’s salt

Fabric B Fabric B

Fabric A, B

out

in

Rate of temperature increase 1.5℃/min

Dyestuff
Glauber’s salt

Fabric B Fabric B

Fabric A, B

out

in
Rate of temperature increase 1.5℃/min

Dyestuff
Glauber’s salt

Fabric B Fabric B

Fabric A, B

out

in

Rate of temperature increase 1.5℃/min

・ The bar chart on the left shows the absorption of Kayacion E-CG dyes
Kayacion E-CG: Affinity step dyeing (No Na2CO3 added)

with Glauber’s salt (Na2CO3 not added).
・ Absorption of Kayacion E-CG does not progress at 40℃ to 60℃, but
increases from 70℃ to 98℃.
・ From this data, the cooldown method should be effective in terms ofmaintaining steady absorption of dyes.
・ Kayacion Lemon E-CG has a relatively large secondary absorption
from the addition of alkali, so unlevel dyeing can occur from addition ofalkali. It is effective to add alkali after cooling down at a lower

NIPPON KAYAKU (THAILAND)
temperature. CO., LTD.
ADD: 13th Floor, Ramaland Building, 952 Rama IVroad,Suriyawongse,
Bangkok
10500
・ The
above
test results summarizeBangrak,that adding alkaliat lower
TEL: +66-2-235-2843 HP: http://www.kayakuth.co.th
temperature is more effective for level dyeing.

Kayacion E-CG: Affinity step dyeing (No Na2CO3 added)

KCN E-CG : Dyeing temperature dependency
G.S./Na2CO3Liquor Ratio 12:1Dyestuff
Glauber’s salt

Dyeing → w.r. → neut. → w.r. → Boil soaping

Absorption

Reaction

Conclusion
Factors that may result in dyeing spots/absorption spots:
1.

Absorption spots when adding Glauber’s salt•

Usually at dyeing factories, Glauber’s salt is added in parts, so absorption spots are unlikely to occur.

•Glauber’s salt is recommended to be added at 30-40℃ for Kayacion E-CG, and due to the low affinity, absorption
spots are unlikely to occur at this temperature.

2.

Absorption spots during temperature increase•

Unlike ordinary reactive dyes, absorption of Kayacion E-CG increases as temperature increases, similar to that ofdisperse dyes in polyester dyeing. Also, dye migration cannot be expected even if treated at a top temperature of
95℃-98℃. Therefore, if absorption spots occur during the increase in temperature, it is likely that they will
become dyeing spots.

3.

Absorption spots during addition of alkali•

The general alkali addition temperature of Kayacion E-CG is 80℃, but Kayacion E-CG will have secondary
absorption after alkali addition. Thus, if absorption spots occur during secondary absorption after the addition ofalkali at this temperature, fixation progresses with the absorption spots remaining, resulting in dyeing spots.

•Although the dyeing method seems to differ depending on the dyeing factory, it is speculated that the alkali isadded at 80℃ after processing for about 20 minutes at a temperature of 80℃ or 90℃-95℃. A dyeing method inwhich the temperature of the dyebath is lowered to 40℃ to 60℃ for alkali addition, and the temperature is raised
again to 80℃ may be able to prevent dyeing spots due to alkali addition.

Factors other than dyes are also conceivable for dyeing spots, but this time, we confirmed dyeing factors specific to Kayacion E-CG.

NIPPON KAYAKU (THAILAND) CO., LTD.

We hopethat 13
it willbe of somehelp to solve
the dye 952
spotsRamaof our customers.
th Floor,
ADD:
Ramaland
Building,
IV road, Suriyawongse, Bangrak, Bangkok 10500

TEL: +66-2-235-2843 HP: http://www.kayakuth.co.thCombining the results aforementioned, the following dyeing recommendation can be created:Absorption spots when dyeing with KCN E-CG

Absorption
difference~44%

Dye migration is small

Dyes G.S.
①.

Unlevel dyeing spots during addition of Glauber’s salt: since the absorption of KCN E-CG is considerably low at the general glauber’s salt
addition temperature of 40℃, it is unlikely that the dye absorption difference is the cause.

②.

Unlevel dyeing spots during temperature increase: If the temperature increase rate is high, there is possibility that absorption spots mayoccur. Since the migration of KCN E-CG is small even at 98℃, it is important to control the heating rate.

③.

Secondary absorption spots during alkali addition: If the cause is secondary absorption spots, applying the low temperature alkali addition
method in ③ will not cause dyeing spots. However, the addition of alkali in dyeing factories is conducted very carefully, so the possibility
that the addition of alkali is the cause of KCN E-CG dyeing spots should be minimal.

「Comment」
・ We recognize that KCN Turquoise E-CG has a low affinity. Actual test results show that KCN Turquoise E-CG does not easily
absorb to the cotton, and once it is absorbed in the cotton, it does not migrate easily.
・ Regarding the causes of unlevel dyeing, there are various factors such as the type of material, the effect of scouring, and the effectof water quality. Therefore, the test results introduced this time cannot determine all the causes of unlevel dyeing, but we wish it would
be of reference.
・ We have received reports of uneven dyeing that occurred at a Chinese customer and was resolved through joint work between thecustomer and our Chinese Technical staff. The heating speed was changed and set to 1°C/min. After cooling down (90℃ x 20 min.)→ 80℃, the initial addition amount of soda ash was also changed and set to 0.5 g/L. Both these changes can reduce the absorption
spots, so the factor that led to the resolution of the dye spots cannot be identified, but considering the test results this time, it is likelythat changing the temperature increase speed was effective.

NIPPON KAYAKU (THAILAND) CO., LTD.
ADD: 13th Floor, Ramaland Building, 952 Rama IV road, Suriyawongse, Bangrak, Bangkok 10500
TEL: +66-2-235-2843 HP: http://www.kayakuth.co.th