Chapter 1: Organization of the Meeting
The African Technology Policy Studies Network(ATPS) partnered with the African Academyof Sciences (AAS), African Centre for Technology Studies (ACTS), and International Service
For the Acquisition of Agri-biotech applications (ISAAA) to commemorate the Scientific
Revival Day on June 30th, 2005.
The Scientific Revival Day was dedicated, during the 46th Ministerial Conference of theOrganization of African Unity (OAU), to deliberate on the role of science and technology inaddressing socio-economic challenges in Africa. The Ministerial Council made a resolution
requiring member states to mark the day with programmes befitting the event.
ATPS has been on the forefront of popularizing and marking this day since 2002 when it
brought together key personalities in the scientific community ,academia, government,
members of the press, national, regional, and international research institutes for a roundtable discussion to delibarate on how science and technology can be re-deployed to improve
Africa’s development.
ATPS and its partners sought to highlight the benefits of innovation to economic development
by hosting a one-day workshop and exhibition to commemorate the 2005 Scientific Revival
Day of Africa by focusing on the theme: “Harnessing Emerging Technologies to Alleviate
Poverty”
The objectives of the workshop were:q To examine the challenges facing the private sector in the uptake andcommercialization of innovations
q To discuss the role of knowledge-based institutions, such as research organizations,
universities and academies in improving national competitiveness in technologicalinnovations
q To examine the role of intellectual property in the process of technological innovation
q To hold panel discussion with high-level decision-makers in research institutions,
government, private sector and civil society to incorporate science and technology
into national development policies
The day was marked with lectures, discussion, panel discussions and exhibition of innovations
by researchers and scientists. The exhibitions were done by Small and Medium Enterprises,
private and public secondary schools and colleges in Kenya.
The guest speaker was Prof Kilemi Mwiria, Assistant Minister, Education, Science andTechnology.

2005 Scientific Revival Day ReportChapter 2: Opening Ceremony
The 2005 scientific revival day opening session was chaired by Prof GBA Okello, Executive
Director, African Academy of Sciences (AAS).

2.1

Remarks from Dr Osita Ogbu, Executive Director, ATPSThe Executive Director of the African Technology
Policy Studies Network (ATPS), Dr Osita Ogbu begun
his welcome address by welcoming participants to theannual Scientific Revival Day; a day in whichscientists and researchers meet to remind themselvesof the role science can play in development. At thesame time, he accentuated the importance oftranslating innovations from the lab to the market
place for economic growth and subsequently poverty
eradication in Africa. He said that often when writing
economic plans and poverty eradication papers, littleemphasis is placed on the role science and technology
can play, yet, there is abundant evidence that westerncountries have developed because of science andtechnology.
Dr Ogbu particularly challenged the youth stating thatscience on its own is not enough and that science has
to be taken out of the laboratory to become goods and services.
Dr Ogbu said moving from invention to innovation was a huge leap and would need
government partnership to ensure that students in science and engineering schools are kept
in order. Dr Ogbu emphasized that Africa ought to build its own capacity in order to reform
and make noise, “noise” (to alert the system).
An economist himself, Dr Ogbu said he often jokes about how if you asked an Africanpresident to appoint a science adviser, the president would invariably appoint a physics,
chemistry or bio-chemistry Professor who would be of little help since the president would
not be in need of advice concerning physics, chemistry or biochemistry. He restated thatscience is a discipline; and the issues of Science &Technology policy or Science &Technology
management are different from science.
Dr Ogbu highlighted the role of ATPS in propagating the use of science and technology(S&T) policy to advance the course of science in development which ATPS has been doing inover 23 African countries. He called on journalists to avoid pre-occuppation with politics
and challenged them to work with scientists to build popular support for S&T in the continent.
He further commended the students who attended the scientific revival day from within
Nairobi and its outskirts saying that the students had distinguished themselves in scienceand urged scientists to encourage the students to invest in science as they are the future ofscience.

2005 Scientific Revival Day Report2005 Scientific Revival Day Report

Dr Ogbu acknowledged the Assistant Minister of Science and Technology Honorable Professor
Kilemi Mwiria for finding time to come and officially open the workshop as the Guest of
Honor.

2.2
Guest of Honor
Hon Prof Kilemi Mwiria, Assistant Minister, Ministry of Education, Science andTechnology: Creating Wealth for Eliminating Poverty
Professor Mwiria began by highlighting thegovernment’s role in developing science and technology
to eliminate poverty in the continent. He said thegovernment should ideally create an open politicalenvironment that accommodated democracy andtolerated questions and emphasized that the
government had a role to back up policies withresources through the adoption and funding ofstrategic plans from research institutions.
The Assistant Minister further asserted that scienceand technology policies in Africa should reflect thecontinent,s values encompassing how to achieve set
targets and recommended the government for its workin retaining the best researchers through competitive
remuneration.
Professor Mwiria beckoned the government to respectand honor to key scientists who innovate in order tomotivate those who practice and hope to practice science. He remarked that a scientist or
researcher seldom gets awarded with national medals during public holidays. Professor
Mwiria also called for a supportive regulatory framework in terms of patents which he believed
can be done by removing barriers in the antiquated legislation. The government could also
play a bigger role by subsidizing local products in order to help them compete favorably inthe market.
The Assistant Minister advocated for carefully planned liberalization that it does not adversely
affect local products produced by local innovators. He also advised scientists, researchers
and local innovators to maintain high standards in their innovations and cautioned
participants against the public mentality that low price equals low quality.
Prof Kilemi Mwiria challenged scientists and researchers to work at popularizing anddemystifying science through forums such as the Scientific Revival Day and urged theorganizers to take the day to the districts, provinces and the grassroots more often thanannually.
The Assistant Minister further challenged the scientists to communicate science more simply
and lauded ATPS for its efforts to work with journalists in translating hard technical sciencejargon to simple non-technical language that can be published in the papers for easy
consumption by those with simplistic science knowledge. He said that he would rather thescientists market and popularize locally innovated goods than spend time seeking recognition
in international journals that seldom benefit the continent at the grassroots level.

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Nairobi, Kenya

Prof Mwiria continued to summon the scientists and researches to engage leaders andpoliticians to be converted into missionaries of science since the politicians reached local
people in the communities, families and churches and would therefore act as ambassadors
to the community. He asked the scientists to appreciate the support politicians andgovernment leaders give the budgeting process of research institutions in parliament. Professor
Mwiria advised that the politicians are ambassadors to local people as they are able to reachcommunities, families, churches at all levels.
In an effort to popularize and democratize science, Prof Mwiria provoked scientists andresearchers to reach to disadvantaged groups such as women, certain religious groups andrural communities, who have no access to labs and have few resources. He counseled that it
was important to involve disadvantaged groups because the more widespread the missionaries
of science, the more the continent can harness from scientific innovations.
The Assistant Minister acknowledged that the Ministry of Education had a significant role toteach basic sciences and help young people appreciate science at elementary levels. He however
admitted that the performance of sciences was poor at primary, secondary and university
level. He called for measures to make science subjects more interesting to students by getting
better qualified teachers whose skills are upgraded from time to time.
He also suggested the following measures to combat poor science performance in the country:
1. Use of locally available learning and teaching material,
2. Incentives for science teachers and encourage students to pursue science teaching.
3. Crash programs at institutions of higher learning to ensure there are adequate scienceteachers to pursue science courses up to doctorate levels.
The Assistant Minister also took fault with the methods of learning science in Kenyan schools
and told science teachers to discourage broad learning through memorization of facts. He
instead asked teachers to encourage creative students and give them space. He concededthat the Kenyan exam system has encouraged reproduction of facts (leading to Bookworms)
and which is a reflection of the educational system that encourages memorization of facts.
Prof Mwiria identified tradition as an obstacle to science as he advocated for the support oftalents that support science. He declared that science was in existence before the coming of
the white man and encouraged the adoption of positive aspects from traditional science. He
challenged scientists to work with traditional scientists who have not been to formal school.
He also prompted the scientists and researchers to harness emerging technologies like theInternet to expand their knowledge base and praised it as a great opportunity to know anduse what has been previously discovered.
Prof Kilemi acknowledged that science is expensive and needs partnering with industry, theprivate sector, external partners and the local community. He lauded the International Centre
of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) for its efforts to make sure the innovated honey bee,silkworm and neem products benefited the respective local communities. The AssistantMinister drew attention to the untapped potential of university students as research assistants
who are cheap and enthusiastic but are rarely used to conduct research.
Prof Kilemi concluded his presentation by acknowledging that a good strong economy isneeded to provide market for locally innovated goods. He asserted that there has to be
employment and good income for people to prefer locally produced products instead ofcheap imported goods. He wound up by underlining the importance of cultivating a politicalenvironment that supports growth and challenged scientists to be involved in creating andsustaining the political environment. He further challenged scientists not to divorce politics
from science heartening them to be more involved in politics, civil society and leadership
positions so that they can make noise from within.
4

2005 Scientific Revival Day Report

2.2.1

Question and Answer Session

Question
What is the policy of the Kenyan government on Science & Technology and innovation? The
participant also felt it was wrong for the Assistant Minister to term science teachers as poor.
Answer
The Assistant Minister said he was looking at the draft policy document of Kenya National
Council of S&T which he said is more detailed as it addresses current and future capabilities.
He committed himself to better dissemination of the draft policies
A: Responding to the participant who thought the Assistant minister was attacking scienceteachers. Prof Kilemi said it is more about the poor environment that the teachers had tooperate from than the teachers themselves. He said most schools lack good, adequate teachingmaterial and equipment. For example most schools lack text books, science and lab equipment
He said often teacher,s admitted into science and technology colleges had not started off
well as they were admitted with low grades. He also touched on the conduct of university
lectures and professors who insist on giving higher marks to student who regurgitate what
they have been taught.
The minister said that all the science constrains are as the result of the education system fromPrimary to Tertiary institutions. He added that this was also partly a social problem and all
players had to look at all these dimensions to see how to turn things around.
Question
What plans does the Kenyan government have to increase its resource allocation for Science and&Technology which is imperative and should be given priority if Kenya is to industrialize by theyear 2020. What are the government’s plans to increase investment in this area? The participant
stated that it is going to require a great deal of resources because science is more than talks andworkshops and requires hard cash for equipment, facilities and operations.
Answer
The Government is doing much more than before by voting for funding on Research &Development and will continue to avail more money but it was imprudent to solely dependon the government for research funding and scientific organisations should be able to partnerwith organizations that may be interested in the research findings.
Prof Mwiria said that African countries spend up to only 2% of their budget on research
opting to spend money paying unnecessary civil servants while other western countries spent
up to 20% in research. He said it was time for politicians, the local community and thescientific community to partner and to vote in resources for research. He emphasized that
Everyone has a duty to be involved in solving Africa’s problems through scientific research
and more should be done towards creating an enabling environment for science growth.
Question
The participant said researchers are often coming up with innovations and inventions but are stuckwhen it comes to distribution to the community. He asked the government for a way forward foruniversities and institutions in this predicament. He also said most private sector industries werereluctant to support researches which was a major setback to researchers.
AnswerProf Mwiria said that government should invest more in research than foreigners since theresearch was dealing with local problems that the government had a vested interest in. As
people, who vote, he urged Kenyans to ensure that there is a larger vote for resources to5

Nairobi, Kenya

ensure that university professors are well renumerated, have a good working environment
and facilities, and have money for research. He once again called for scientists ro attract
resources outside of government and establish partnerships with external partners and theprivate sector. He however questioned university learning methods that emphasized
memorization of facts which he termed as unfortunate.
Question
What is the ministry doing in supporting creativity exhibited by young students at science congress?
What is the government doing to encourage the young upcoming scientists?
AnswerProfessor Mwiria said as a ministry enough was not being done but he was glad that the
problem in the development of science and technology was being talked about as a starting
point since everyone can then be part of the solution. He stated that the government would
make sure it recognized young Kenyan scientists before foreigners did. He also said it was
important to organize more science congresses, and provide more facilities, resources,
exhibitions and exchange programs to encourage young upcoming science students.
Question
A participant wanted to know why models found in the developed nations are not applied in thedeveloping countries. He said for example, in the developed nations in the west, politicians has ateam of advisers or economists that work with them for formulation of policies which was non
existent in Kenya. He wanted to know if it is possible to adopt such mechanisms and if it can havea place here in Kenya.
AnswerProfessor Mwiria stated that Africans should be aware of their priorities are and create away of getting out of the problems in Africa. particulalry since the linking of science todevelopment in developing countries, is very significant and governments can play a role tin
this.He however admitted that scientists currently had little influence in policy decisions
and there was little knowledge about science and science teams to advice the government.
QuestionIn the area of research, what is the government doing to upgrade scientific/research equipment andfacilities as most of what is still there is no longer up to date and is worn out or spoilt.
AnswerProfessor Mwiria advised that there was need to maximize partnerships with the private
sector and try to attract resources from external partners. He said that to get out of box, a lotof money is needed to carry out Research and Development and urged participants to regard
themselves as part of the solution.
Comments by Dr Osita Ogbu
Dr Ogbu restated that the government has a critical role to play in making sure science istranslated into products and services. Dr Ogbu argued that a million dollars of research
grant would be of little use if the innovation is not translated into invention. He illustrated
this using an example from Nigeria which is the leading producer of cassava explaining thatbread was comprising of 10% of cassava flour was secretly served to the Nigerian president.
The president not only liked it but also did not notice any difference from the usual bread.
After summoning other bread makers in Nigeria, who ate the same bread but could also notdetect the cassava flour in the bread. The president then orchestrated the passing of a lawthat required all bread in Nigeria to be baked with 10% of cassava flour.

62005 Scientific Revival Day Report

This illustration, Dr Ogbu explained was to underline the importance of state support toscience and development. He gave another example of the support the Finnish government
gave Nokia, a private sector player, in growing mobile phone telephony innovations into themarket place. The Finnish government linked the private sector and knowledge institutions
that came up with inventions that revolutionized Finland’s, economy.
Dr Ogbu challenged scientists, government and private sector in Africa to emulate this example
and declared that ATPS would like to play a role in bringing all players together.

2.3

Keynote Address: Prof Christian Borgemeister, Director-Genegal, ICIPE

What gives an innovation value in the marketplace? Successful case studies from ICIPE.
The Director General, International Centre of Insect
Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE)
Prof Christian Borgemesiter gave a thought provoking
presentation titled: What gives an innovation value in themarketplace? Successful case studies from ICIPE.
Prof Borgemeister began by pointing out that The silk
worm in Uganda, The honey bee in Mwingi and The
Neem tree in the coastal region were successful casestudies at ICIPE.
He began by giving a brief overview of ICIPE which
was founded in Africa for Africa and concentrated on
working with Environmental , Human , Plant andAnimal health commonly referred to as the ICIPE 4H
paradigm.
He was resolute that knowledge and research should be able to benefit the public bycommercializing innovated new improved products, processes and services. He stressed that
innovation and technological changes were the main drivers of economic growth atorganizational, sector and economic levels, furthermore, he asserted that a strong welldeveloped innovation system and culture would underpin the economic growth and social
wellbeing in Africa.
The Director General took time to explain the difference between radical and incremental
innovations whereby radical innovations are often a major departure from the usual or amajor breakthrough in a sector. Radical innovations also have high potential but are risky
and rare from a market perspective as they often require long term research and development.
Incremental innovations on the other hand usually depict a marginal change from the common
standard and are more often embraced effortlessly by industries as a key strategy for growth.
Prof Borgemeister further expounded that the demand for innovation is often determined by
the quality of the innovation achieved through research and adoption of quality assurance
procedures. He then highlighted the determining factors that give innovation value in themarket place as:n Affordability of the innovationn Acceptability of the innovation (perception)n Competitiveness of the innovationn Marketing strategies used to introduce the innovation

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Nairobi, Kenya

The ICIPE, Director General stressed the importance of linking product research to the private
sector by using the example of ICIPE which in the mid 1990ies started the Africa Bioscience
Innovation Centre. This was an incubator for new, bioscience-based companies that wereinterested in producing products for human, animal and plant health.
A practical example of research industry linkages is the strategic partnership between ICIPE
and Bridgeworks, a specialist bioscience commercialization company that seeks to translate
research outputs into products.
Prof Borgemeister explained that the alliance between ICIPE and Bridgeworks has resulted
into various advantages for both parties. Bridgeworks, for example, has a right of first refusal
to commercially exploit ICIPE research results moreover, ICIPE has the first option to provide
further development services to Bridgeworks commercialization projects, ICIPE on the other
hand gets insulated from financial risks and potential liability associated withcommercialization activities and gets income from a proportion of Bridgeworks
commercialization revenue paid into a trust fund for furthering research and development.
Bridgeworks additionally provides strategic guidance to some of ICIPE’S commercial ventures
like Biop, AfriCert and the envisaged Bt-biopesticide factory.
Prof Borgemeister then got into details of ICIPE’S innovative strategy of marketplacedevelopment using the honey bee, the silk worm and the neem tree experience to develop
honey bees and silkworm based products using the bottom up approach for development ofappropriate technologies.
This was done through successful mainstreaming of ecosystem conservation and adoptionof collaborative management to result into income-generating activities for the local
communities that resulted in the Vinstar silk worms in Uganda and Langstroth bee hives in
Mwingi, Kenya.
The process, Prof Borgemeister explained, involved integrating a strategy for sericulture andapiculture technologies through the ICIPE research and development arm, which then had
a two fold task of firstly, facilitating regional demonstration sites for training to farmers,
NGOs, NARS and Extensionists. The second task was facilitating regional sites for commercial
production. This subsequently led to market place development of the silk and honey based
products both locally and internationally.
Prof Borgemeister was proud to note that through research and development (R&D), ICIPE
went ahead to innovate new products beyond honey such as the Royal Jelly (RJ) production
system using African bee races of Apis mellifera. This was done through selective breeding
and artificial insemination of local honeybees; A.m.scutellata & A.m.monticollato enhance
RJ production.
Prof Borgemeister bragged that the honey and silkworm experience has resulted inmarketplaces for silk and honey production established in Bushenyi, Uganda and Mwingi,
Kenya respectively. Additionally, Kenyan silk at Naromoru is being used in a variety of ways
to suit different consumers and purposes.
The beneficiaries of this programme were over 4,500 silk farmers and over 5,800 beekeepers
in Uganda and Kenya. Over 12,000 farmers have also been trained in commercial insect
production in Eastern, Central and North Africa

8

2005 Scientific Revival Day Report

According to Prof Borgemeister, the general achievements of this programme are:
§ Improved beekeeping§ Sericulture with domesticated & indigenous silk moths, which are being cultivatedand turned into products by local communities§ Income generating activities§ Women became self reliant§ Household income of farm families increased several folds§ Biodiversity conservation in several forests and semi-arid regions in Kenya, Uganda
and several African countries
2.3.1

Neem Tree Experience

The neem tree, Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) originated from India and Burma and has
been abundant in East and West Africa for up to 100 years. Neem is a fast growing, droughttolerant & evergreen tree (often used for shading) and grows mainly in semi-arid areas in the
Kenyan Coast. Asian farmers have used it for centuries in agriculture, human and animal
health.
According to Prof Borgemeister, the research on Neem products was catalysed by:§ Increase in demand for safer alternatives to synthetic pesticides.
§ Consumers becoming more concerned about quality, safety and reliability of products
they buy.
§ European market for fresh fruits and vegetables issuing strict regulations in food safety,
requiring certain minimum pesticide residue limits (MRLs)
In 1993, ICIPE with grants from the European Union and the Finnish government begun amulti-pronged neem promotion production programme that had four main components ofresearch, awareness, training, and commercialisation of the neem products. Through researchand development, ICIPE had found out that Neem seed extracts contain several active
compounds for controlling agricultural pests; most important Azadirachtin (AZA). AZA
influences the hormonal system in insects and propagates anti-feedant properties in the insect.
Furthermore AZA has comparatively high selectivity and has low to no mammalian toxicity.
Prof Borgemeister further said that neem’s effectiveness in controlling important crop pests
like maize stock borers, parasitic nematodes, thrips, brown plant hoppers and dozens ofother damaging pests had been extensively documented and recorded in the past.
He further explained that with funding from GTZ, ICIPE joined forces with Saroneem
Biopesticides Ltd., a local agrochemical company to establish a neem processing facility at
ICIPE, Techno Park in Duduville aiming towards product development andcommercialisialisation of neem based products in 1996. Saroneem Biop was subsequently
replaced by Biop Co. Ltd.
Prof Borgemeister enumerated the several agricultural, human and animal health productsthat have been developed from neem extracts, registered and commercialized such as,
healthcare and pet care products, Neem cake powder against nematodes, bollworms,
leafminers and Neem extractives for use in horticulture and agriculture against bollworms,
thrips, DBM etc. He declared that the demand for neem-based products is increasing in East
Africa as markets become aware of the assured availability of good quality products. The‘problem’ now with the neem based products has become supply rather than demand.
Prof Borgemeister noted that the project had been very successful in terms of incomegeneration to the local community members at the Kenyan Coast. He said that the neem
farmers had been trained in neem seed collection and processing which are then sold to Biop
9

Nairobi, Kenya

Ltd who processes the neem seeds into different products. In 2005 for example, Biop Co. Ltd
required 300 Tonnes of neem seeds per year from the community at Kenya Shs 30.00 per
kilo.
Prof Borgemeister at the end of his presentation proposed the following suggestions for theseprojects to remain sustainable and economically viable:§ Proper understanding of bio-diversity distribution and value by local communities
for honey and silk based products to succeed in the market. Local communities should
realize how the bio-diversity of silkworms and honeybees features in their lives andaspirations and know how to manage bio-regions to meet their needs without damage.
§ Appropriate technology and training, local communities should be empowered tomaintain their own business activities reducing the role of middleman and allowing
silk farmers and beekeepers to improve their livelihoods.
Prof Borgemeister concluded his presentation by saying that low technology approaches
that are easily adaptable in local circumstances combined with social and market support
can produce economically viable activities that can be replicated in different areas in East
Africa, as proven by the neem, silk-and honey based experience with ICIPE.
2.3.2

Question and Answer Session

Comments from Dr Ogbu
The ATPS Executive Director commended ICIPE for demonstrating to scientists that it waspossible to transform science inventions from the lab to commercially viable goods in themarket place. He urged ICIPE to externalize their knowledge, experiences and frustrations
with fellow scientists and researchers in the scientific community to stimulate the replicationof such occurrences in Africa.
Question
Despite commercialization being the major output of the research process at ICIPE, it has not had a
special impact in areas where ICIPE has major research activities. ICIPE has major impacts on someareas and have left out others and many NGOs are asking people to grow NEEM trees. How will
ICIPE be able to reach all these people? What is ICIPE doing about integrating other researchers
into what they are doing? Is there integration of other products?
Answer
If Non Governmental Organizations are promoting the growing of NEEM tree among the
locals, then the NGOs must be able to help them find commercially viable use of the NEEM
tree for income generation because ICIPE has not asked the locals to grow any trees. Prof
Borgemeister said although neem tree makes a nice shade it definitely does not make goodtimber or for fuel.
QuestionIs there integration of other products from the neem tree? Has ICIPE conducted further research
about the use of the whole tree?
AnswerIn embracing other aspects of neem use, many products have been made and are still very
new in the market. Prof Borgemeister insisted that ICIPE is primarily a research institution
but still hopes to come out with many more products as research continues.

10Chapter 3: Conference Plenary and Policy Presentations
3.1

Vimal Shah - Managing Director, BIDCO GroupThe Role of Industries in Supporting the Creation and Application of Technological Innovation for
Development
Mr Shah began by pointing out the overhelming
documented evidence that portrayed Africa as poor. He
stated that Africa contributes less than 1% of the world’s
current wealth and is not attracting direct foreign
investment as much as the South East Asian countries
like Russia or China. Despite all this, he noted that thesame foreign investors are scrambling for resources inAfrica. He continued to state that over 300 million people
in the continent live on less than a dollar per day andhave to cope with diseases like malaria and HIV/AIDS.
Mr Shah declared that Africa continues to lackappropriate technology to accelerate economic
development despite the fact that technologicaladvancement is now the most powerful tool fordomination and competitiveness in the private sector.
He explained that most successful companies aroundthe globe recognize the application of innovative technology as a key driver in businessdevelopment. This includes better production lines, processes and technologies as they engage
in business.
Mr Shah explained to the participants that firms are not only competing on quality and price
but also on new innovative methods of service and products. He said that unlike the past
where industry was more cost conscious; the private sector is currently willing to invest in
new technology that makes them more competitive that would ultimately result a better
import margin, job creation and mass production in the country.
He emphatically pointed out that there are no current linkages between industry and science,research and development institutions in Kenya.
The Managing Director of Bidco Group mused that the problem could be because most of
Research and Development is project based whereby western based Non Governmental
Organizations avail funds for certain pre-set research notions. He complained that a lot oftheoretical project based research was currently going on which made little or no impact on
local industries and the society on the ground.
Mr Shah questioned the validity of such researches and would rather the scientists andresearchers developed innovations that could be used as tools to alleviate poverty or reducethe cost of doing business. He restated that new innovative and need, based products are
critical in addressing the poverty issues in Africa and reiterated that technology andcompetitiveness are intertwined especially since competitiveness is the platform for any
company, country or continent to succeed.

2005 Scientific Revival Day ReportNairobi, Kenya

Mr Shah challenged researchers and scientists to consider competitiveness while conducting
research to come up with new innovations. He further called for need-based research andencouraged industry, government and other stakeholders to mobilize resources to support
research. The government could for example provide legislative support and incentive schemes
to encourage the scientists. Mr Shah emphasized that the role of industry was to apply, up
scale and market the technologies produced by research and development institutions andfurther called on such bodies to collaborate with industries to create, action oriented, needbased and demand based appropriate technologies for Africa.
He also challenged industries to:
q Create strategies to develop capacities for technical universities in Africa throughsponsorship of specific research projects
q Participate in joint specific research projects
q Sponsorship of exceptional students
q Strive to attract African talent practicing in the diaspora
q Direct recruitment abroadq Provision of project based attachment for African students in the diaspora
He ploughed through the background of science and technology in Africa, and said that at
independence, African countries focused on industrial expansion that emphasised importsubstitution and protectionism and Job creation and mass production as a crucial goal torapid development.

Mr Shah noted that, in the quest for industrialization, most governments did not invest inmodern technology and few industries actually set up functional research development (R&D)
units charged with the advancement of technology and creation of new products. According
to him, this coupled with poor political leadership and a small and unsophisticated domestic
market in the 1980,s crippled Africa’s technological and economic advancement. Mr Shahdeclared that it was was evident that today’s richest companies and countries control majorityof new scientific and technological knowledge leading to competitive advantage wealth andpower.
Mr Shah suggested that Africa must increase its application and commercialization oftechnology for sustained economic development to catch up technologically with the rest of
the world. He affirmed that the private sector can spearhead this process and new industries
can emerge from these innovations such as those relating to bio-technology which has grown
to become one of the fastest growing industries today. The managing director of Bidco, further
advised African industries to therefore collaborate with research development bodies to create
new products and services to address the immediate needs in Africa .
As a way of increasing competitiveness, Mr Shah observed that R&D could collaborate withthe private sector in researching on new alternative sources of energy such as wind power.
He challenged Africans to use their core competencies and avoid underutilization of resources
such as wind, power and water, land. He restated that Africa must adapt available technology
to suit readily available raw materials and subsequently reduce the cost of doing business.
Mr Shah advised scientists and researchers to set specific goals while conducting researchdevelopment and also encouraged them to think outside borders by selling the ideas andinnovations worldwide, since ideas are borderless. Mr Shah declared that there areopportunities for African scientists to spearhead science R&D in the global scene.
Mr Shah complained that Africa’s export competitiveness was lacking and questionable
and advised African industries to focus on export led growth that would lead to cutting edge
12

2005 Scientific Revival Day Reportmarket competition fought on the technological edge. According to him, improved export
competitiveness would curtail dumping of goods in the domestic market and would overtake
countries in the Far East like India and China whose products have long dominated themarket. He reiterated that technological innovation is critical in penetrating the new export
markets. He further challenged scientists and researchers to spearhead the process ofimproving Africa’s export competitiveness.
Still on competitiveness Mr Shah explained that Africa’s competitive advantage lay inagriculture and agro processing. Scientists and researchers therefore should focus on research
aimed at increasing higher yields per acre for example through the use of high yielding
seeds. He also emphasized the importance of value addition to primary raw materials toincrease Africa’s wealth and would rather Africans export a shirt than cotton under AGOA.
While on the issue of cotton, he challenged researchers and scientists to develop sustainable,
self sufficient, suitable technology to develop cotton that will support cotton industries toreap maximum benefits from the extended AGOA agreement.
Mr Shah restated that this can be possible through scientific farming methods, andtechnologically innovative low cost solutions to reduce the cost of doing business in terms of,power, transport, telecoms, cost of living and non-tariff barriers.
Mr Shah called for a knowledge based economy which he said was critical for fasterdevelopment of technological innovations in Africa. He said Information, Communication
and Technology (ICT) had reduced the barriers to knowledge sharing and increased the
speed of information travel. African industries must therefore embrace ICT as a tool foradvancing technological innovation
He also encouraged players in the private sector especially African industries to effectively
embrace ICT and e-commerce to eliminate geographical barriers, eliminate paper work, andfacilitate abundance of critical information as a tool for advancing technological innovation.
Mr Shah called on the government to support industries as Industries need government
support to efficiently lead technological advancement; industries need to operate in predictableconditions. Government should therefore:
q Create specific policies that will remove any market distortions and encourage R&D
q Hasten public enterprises reforms for competitivenessq Invest heavily on industrial support infrastructure, bandwidth, roads, legislate new
innovative financing methods fro new projects e.g. Incubators etc
q Create incentives for venture capitalists to operate
q Ensure that investment is not frustrated by shortage of skilled manpower especiallyin science and technology
q Create a framework for safeguarding, property rights, including patents andintellectual rights
q Remove unnecessary barriers that hinder efficiency and profitability in the private
sector.
At the conclusion of his presentation, Mr Shah highlighted the following opportunities forindustries:
q Industries could work with science institutes to strengthen industrial research anddevelop indigenous technology
q Setting up of strong institutional machinery for managing industrial technologicaladvancement. This includes identification and implementation of new projects andintensification of local efforts in R&D
q Establish relevant training programs in within their operations

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q Adapt, improve and master technology in their own systems of operations. The above

must be interlinked to scientific institutions through constant and market driven
collaboration.
Mr. Shah concluded by stating that a collaboration between industries and scientists thatwould see research and development tackle the escalating cost of doing business in terms of
power , transport, cost of living would certainly attract venture capitalists to the country
and without a doubt increase the economic performance of the country and the continent.

3.2

Mr Stephen Wainaina, Director of Economic Planning, Ministry of Planningand National Development, Kenya

Mr Wainaina began by highlighting the main chapter of the Economic Recovery Strategy(ERS) that called for equity in poverty reduction by firstly empowering people and secondly
by building capacity. He added that the ERS further called for a participatory approach inplanning such that stakeholders can contribute in production and wealth creation.
He cautioned the poor against expecting handouts because such measures were short lived,
but rather encouraged participants to view poor people are assets to involve in the wealthcreation process.
Mr Wainaina declared that science and technological policies have been in existence since
independence and were geared towards accentuating the role science can play in developmentin the after independence period. He further explained that in 1977, The Science Act was
put in place and later revised in 1979 to incorporate key institutions like The Kenya Medical
Research Institute(KEMRI),The Kenya Agricultural Research Institution( KARI), universities
and polytechnics.
Mr Wainaina admitted that there was a problem in implementing most of the articulated
policies, which are often not implemented due to poor coordination. This has regularly
prevented science and technology from making greater strides in Africa. He gave an exampleof the hybrid maize which was initially grown in the 1960,s and has now become a successas an example of successful science and technology policymaking. The same technology has
been used for coffee and sugar cane.
Mr Wainaina confessed that the ERS document does not tackle Science and Technology
exhaustively however it highlights the following key science based issues:
q Use of Information Communication Technology (ICT) to improve production in theprivate sector.
q Use of e-government strategy, internet to improve the environment industry operatesin.
q Non-renewable energy as key to industrial reformation which can play a part in theprivate sector to play a part in helping improving competitiveness.
q National research agenda

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3.3

Dr Margaret Karembu, ISAAA Africenter

Dr Karembu began by expressing gratitude to ATPS
for being consistent in providing a forum forrecognizing local scientists and researchers to shareexperiences and frustrations in the utilization of
the fruits of science and technology. She
acknowledged that a lot has been done andadmitted that there was a problem in recognizing
local capabilities at the expense of western
ideologies that are sometimes inapplicable in
Africa.
Dr Karembu explained that research has proventhat technology creates positive economic impact
with increasing speed as the years rush by forexample within 25 years, most problems could be
solved if bio-technology was integrated into policy
in development processes.
She quoted the UNDP Human Development Report 2001 that states people all over theworld have high hopes that new technology will lead to healthy lives, greater social freedom,increased knowledge: and more productive livelihoods.
Dr Karembu pointed out that in the African context, 60 percent of the population is comprisedof small scale farmers who farm in small farm units,so increased productivity per unit ofland is an issue of great importance to them. She further explained that the farmers possess
limited capital and are motivated to meet basic family needs. These farmers moreover havemaintained cultural practices and appreciate new technology.
The challenge, Dr Karembu posed to scientists and researchers therefore was how to enhance
the capacity of such people, so that they could benefit from agricultural bio-technology
Dr Karembu proceeded to define bio-technology as any technique that uses a living organismor parts of those organisms to make or modify products. She highlighted the merits anddemerits of bio- technology as follows:
Merits:q Eliminates pests and diseases from crops thus providing clean planting materialq Can produce large quantities of plant within a short period of time hence superior

planting material and uniformity in marketing.
Demerits:
q It is expensive so credit comes in handy.
q Somochromonal variations which is sometimes good because new products areinnovated.
q Viruses are not excluded so there is need for viral indexing.
She further defined tissue culture (tc) as the regeneration of plants from very small plantparts, tissues and cells under sterile conditions in the lab and was quick to clarify that Tissue
Culture does not involve genetic modification.
Dr Karembu described how the tissue culture banana project started with the identificationof needs at the grassroots such as lack of clean planting material, lack of appropriatetechnologies in banana farming and degradation of the environment that had already led to15

Nairobi, Kenya

reduced yields. She explained that the project was introduced through priority settings withthe farmers.
Dr Karembu said the banana Tc technology was identified in other banana growing regions
like Israel, South Africa, Costa Rica where it had been successfully carried out and resulted
in farmers getting bigger bunches with better fingers and uniformity in growth.
Dr Karembu enumerated the advantages that came with the success of the project to the
local farmers whereby more families were having enough food and taking it to the market. It
also resulted in uniformity of fruiting, predictability in market (very important), bigger branches
and banana sizes. She was proud to observe that this subsequently this led to higher
productivity per unit of land increasing hence less encroachment into to unproductive land.
Dr Karembu criticized the government for not providing a facilitating environment for people
to do what they do best. She held that Kenyans and East Africans are very good workers but
was adamant that they need a facilitating environment especially with distribution
mechanisms. She noted that enterprising people had seen an opportunity in distribution
with the tc bananas but had suffered low profit margins due to infrastructure and transport
problems.
Dr Karembu said there were great opportunities in product diversification and value addition
with the tc banana which at present were largely unexploited in Kenya . She gave examplesof Tanzania and Uganda where they have developed banana wine, banana beer and banana
juices which have been commercialized such that several entrepreneurs from Uganda andTanzania who were interviewed by ISAAA claimed they were unable to meet the demand.
She challenged Kenyans to take up the Scientific Revival Day forum as an opportunity toshare ideas and add value to the products of this technology.
As she wound up, Dr Karembu called for the establishment of local tissue culture labs andbeckoned policy makers to provide incentives to the private bio-technology sector. She
concluded by saying the tc banana project had been a pioneer venture and hoped it would
open new opportunities for bio-technology to benefit farmers with the support of policy
makers.
4.3.1

Questions and Answers

Question
The participant agreed that farmers need micro-credit but at the same time pointed out that farmers
need more than micro-credit as they need infrastructure to be put in place s in terms of roads andother facilities.
Answer
Mr Stephen Wainaina said infrastructure was key in addressing the problem of agriculture
production in the country. He said the government is advocating for a participatory approach
as well as partnership for the implementation of the program for improvement of the state ofinfrastructures. He said the new document on Bt cotton has many areas and government
will help to revive the cotton industry but still government cannot produce all resources sothere was needto lobbying the government on this issue and collaborate with other players.
Question
A participant declared that he was hoping to hear from the Mr. Wafula of the African Center ofTechnology Studies(ACTS) that Bt cotton was already in production as a success story but it appeared
to be still an idea. He felt that spending scarce resources on two bio-tech projects (Tc banana and Bt
cotton) was untenable and did not benefit farmers.
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2005 Scientific Revival Day Report

Answer
Mr David Wafula of ACTS said there have been many trials of Bt products for example Bt
maize and Bt cotton had been done at KARI. He said that the collapse of the cotton industry
in Kenya could be attributed to a wide rage of factors and decline in cotton production wasjust one of them. He explained that Bt cotton was introduced because of its high yield anddue to the fact that it has better resistance to the boll worm pest. On the issues of introductionof BT cotton Mr Wafula said that bt cotton would be availed to the farmer in 2-3 years timeupon determination of its efficacy and bio-safety then the relevant bodies will be at liberty tocommercialize this invention.
Question
Are the bio –tech foods fit for consumption and what measures has been put in place so that farmer
does not have problems in getting seedlings for the next planting season?
Answer
Dr Margaret Karembu of ISAAA said researchers are ensuring that there is food safety andthat bio-tech modified foods will be favorable to natural products. She explained that theslow rate of adoption of Bt technology could be due to an inadequate bio-safety law andsensationalism and misinformation disseminated to the public. She further clarified thatgenetic modification is a higher level and involves removing genes from unrelated species.
She said a researcher also needs some kind of bio-safety law that will protect them in case of
product abuse and misuse and the bio-safety draft policy was due to be discussed in parliamentsoon. She called for. She said there has been a lot of misinformation about bio – modified
foods and called for help from the government and media to support initiatives that support
public education on bio-technology to take this technology to the next level.

3.4Prof Moni Wekesa

Intellectual Property Rights in the Process of Technological Innovation
Prof Wekesa began with a light touch by describing
intellectual property rights as the only farm an intellectualor scientist owns that can be converted and marketed into
real Kenyan shillings. He declared that scientists throughscientific innovation own much more than this country
affords.
Prof Wekesa highlighted the different types of intellectual
property rights as:
1. Patents
2. Copyrights
3. Trademarks
4. Trade names
He chose to expound on patents which he felt would be ofmore interest to scientists and researchers using an example of the Aids drug Fasiol (SP) as
an illustration. He defined a patent as a bundle of rights given to someone who has invented
something equivalent to a land title deed.
Prof Wekesa explained that for the patent to be offered, the invention must be somethingthat can be mass produced for the betterment and benefit of mankind. He said that the cureof HIV for example would warrant a patent because the researcher or scientist would have
expanded the amount of goods and services in the public domain.
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Prof Wekesa said the Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute(KIRDI) gave
protection for patents which avail knowledge to the largest majority. He however explainedthat patents are premised on the western idea of individual property ownership that wasalien in African culture and has continued to cause trouble especially on land issues where
communal family land is now being sub-divided and registered to different individuals. He
said that an invention belongs to an individual according to western notions that have been
gladly adopted in Africa today.
Prof Wekesa went on to clarify that when a scientist invents, they are liable to enjoy protection
for up to 20 years, after which, anyone else can use the invention.
He further divulged that this Intellectual Property Right is contained in the Industrial Property
Act and involves the right to exclude other people from selling or importing or making the
product. He warned that the law can be used to obtain an injunction to restrain others fromunlawfully using this invention and to claim compensation from those who infringe on the
researcher’s right or use the inventions illegally or without permission.
Prof Wekesa gave further details about T-20 or Feison (SP)which was the latest ARV-Aids
drug on the market and stated that all inventions are preceded by a flurry of scientific activity
as with Feison. He further explained that besides the work of the scientist, investor support
by way of sponsorship is critical to translate ideas in the scientist head to what can be retailed
in supermarkets and other retail outlets.
Prof Wekesa drew attention to the disheartening AIDS/HIV statistics whereby averagely
600-700 Kenyans die of HIV related complications per day and over 3 million Kenyans are
HIV positive. He verified that over 300,000 people need Anti-Retroviral drugs while only
9,000 people can access them in Africa.
The professor expressed hope as he told of an Eldoret based herbalist who tried his “concoction”
on 300 HIV patients under observation at the Moi Referral and Teaching Hospital. After 3 to
4 months, the mean CD4 cell count in the HIV patients which was at 195 increased to 351
while the viral load which was very high at 390X103 plummeted to 98.5 X 103 particles permm.
He hypothesized that if the drug is put on the market at 10 shillings that would be 300
shillings per month multiplied by the 28 million people in sub-Saharan Africa who are HIV
positive, times monthly, times yearly translates into a goldmine.
Prof Wekesa emphatically stated that Africans are sitting on a goldmine and this incident
shows there is potential in the environment to invent and market products. He proclaimed
that there was money sitting on the heads of many people. The professor also gave an
example of the rolling part of a ball point that allows ink to flow during writing that waspatented. He assumed that if an individual used on average of 10 ballpoints per year retailingat ten bob multiplied with the approximately 15 million literate Kenyans who can write.
The sky would be the limit.
Prof Wekesa concluded by challenging scientists to come up with inventions to benefit local
people at the ground which will lead to scientists smiling all the way to the bank.

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2005 Scientific Revival Day Report

Question and Answer Session
Question
How many patents do we have?
AnswerProfessor Wekesa said anyone with a patent can register anywhere to seek protection, over
98.9% of patents are registered in Kenya are foreign owned. He had no figure off the top of
his head but said little innovation is going on locally.
Question
There is a lack of knowledge amongst the old school scientists and researchers that hinders theinnovation process. Please comment.
AnswerProfessor Wekesa decried tradition and backwardness which he said was dragging thecountry in the wrong direction. He challenged old school scientists to wake up before thesystem kicked them out.
Question
What is the possibility of introducing intellectual property rights as a course at university andother knowledge institutions?
AnswerProfessor Wekesa said he longs for such progress and challenged Vice Chancellors to embrace
new ideas and realize that investing in intellectual property could translate into billions ofshillings.
Question
Who should own patents? The person who funds the research or the person who does the research?
AnswerProfessor Wekesa referred to it as a Catch 22 situation and advised scientists and researchers
to closely examine clauses when raising funds from donors.
He advised scientist to look out for clauses such as, “all intellectual property accruing fromthis research belongs to us (the donor)” before accepting proposals as this clause usually ties
the hands of the researcher in terms of intellectual property rights. He encouraged scientists
and researchers to seek the advice of KIPPRA and other lawyers before signing donor
documents.

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Chapter 4: Panel Discussions

The fourth session of the 2005 Scientific Revival Day took the form of panel discussions.

4.1

Prof Robert Okalebo, Moi University

Role of Knowledge Based Institutions in Improving Technological CompetitivenessProf Okalebo identified the importance of technology insimplifying daily life activities like a wheel and axle to lift
water. He also recognized the need of technology to solve
specific problems like medicine for the sick and fertilizer
for the land to increase yield.
Prof Okalebo made out that anyone, anywhere includingchildren at science fairs can develop technology and gave
examples of the Jua Kali sector that has come up with awide range of affordable products that are widely usedin daily life. He noted that children were also involved as
innovators through arts and crafts where musicalinstruments are often made and for high school students
who participate in science congress competitions up tonational and international levels.
He challenged universities and other institutions of higher learning to come along to develop
and refine these technologies with their numerous training resources like its qualified personnel
and human resources to work towards technological transfer and development. According
to Prof Okalebo, institutions are well equipped to partner with technological and development
agencies because they have a wide range of disciplines dealing with large technologies suchas medicine, agriculture, and architecture which makes it easier for them to demonstrate thetechnologies at the grassroot level.
He added that universities and knowledge based institutions were able to facilitate staff
flexibility and movements in order to have access to players in the grassroots such as extension
staff, NGO, s and other technology end users at the grassroots level.
He emphasized that outreach activities are a MUST towards technology competitivenessand advised institutions to have mechanisms in place to monitor the performance of theirproducts over time and hence sustain competitiveness. He identified the news media as atool to help advertise, promote and convey detailed information about a specific productamongst end users. He further said that tools and products made to perform specific jobs,
such as hoes can be displayed for sell in the market across the country and be exhibited
during agricultural shows, conferences and workshops.
Prof Okalebo sought to clarify that for technology to reach its target, the innovation must becompetitive and supported by promotional activities. He further said that in research some
activities are commonly pursued for the development and formulation of theories to explain
specific processes e.g. absorption of plant minerals by plant roots.

2005 Scientific Revival Day Report2005 Scientific Revival Day Report

Prof Okalebo called on institutions to team up with technological and development agencies
in order to come up with competitive purposed innovations that can be demonstrated at thegrassroots level.
Prof Okalebo encouraged knowledge based institutions to focus on the use of effective low
cost technology that is affordable to many end users because this would enhance thepopularization and selling of the technology.
Prof Okalebo gave the following examples of technological partnerships between Moi
University and its collaborators:
q The development of a simple and affordable foot pump used to irrigate small areas ofland to produce high value crops, the well-known “Money Maker”, a valuable tool at
on-farm level, to produce tomatoes.
q The Snap (French) bean variety developed is suitable for the Highlands.
q The development of the PREP-PAC, that is a low cost soil fertility replenishment
product. This is a competitive product that has been field tested in western Kenya
and eastern Uganda.
q A collaborative Moi University-KARI-SACRED Africa NGO-ICIPE etc effort to identify
striga weed management technologies, e.g. the use of IR-maize hybrid.
Prof Okalebo concluded by saying that knowledge-based institutions in Africa were wellplaced to improve technological competitiveness because:q They have qualified personnel capable of developing and perfecting technologies.
q They have a wide range of study topics from which they can develop technologies/
products that will compete favorably with the current technologies.
q They have accessibility to partners/collaborators and product end users which
enhances competitiveness.
q They have advanced communication mechanisms to promote the use of their products.
They are also able to demonstrate their technologies during field days at the grassroots.

4.2
Kevit Desai, Director of Engineering, Centurion Systems
Tapping Creativity and Innovative Potential of the Youth to Create Employment and Alleviate
Poverty
Dr Desai began by pointing out that it wasdifficult to stigmatize innovation especiallyto such an enthusiastic youth in thecontinent today. He explained that
innovation can be used to solve the problems
seen on a daily basis especially problems in
the industrialization sector related tocondition monitoring to enable industrialists
to tell when a major failure is about to occur
at critical application plants.
He pointed out that students require data to
analyze information and effectively carry out
research for designing such systems.
Dr Desai noted that computer based systems had generated a lot of interest amongst theyouth and also pointed that mobile applications show great promise for their future provided
the young people come up with systems and applications that can catch up with the latest
trends.
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Dr Desai admitted that tapping innovative creativity to make a world of difference amongst
the youth is a huge challenge for all. He noted that often in industry, former technology
students employees who are employees in industry work within specific departments wheremore emphasis is laid in maintaining existing systems/environment and little innovations iscarried out.
The Director of Engineering at Centurion Systems complained that some of the country’s
most talented technologists often end up as industry captains which he believes is a hugeloss in terms of the capacities they possess. Dr Desai further complained that there was little
activity and challenge in the technological sector besides the challenge of setting up scienceand technology parks and incubators programs at a few universities.
Dr Desai strongly stated that Kenya can make a world of difference if many technologicalorganizations and innovative companies in the country were allowed to partner with talented
technology students. He foresaw a situation where the students provide technical researchand know- how while the company/institution provides marketing assistance, businessexperience and exposure to ensure the innovated product is marketable.
Dr Desai advised that a good starting point would be to help the youth understand thepotential of their school talent. He further suggested that a financial deal between a dedicatedyouth and a technological company can be struck whereby a student gets 80% and company
gets 20% of net returns. The ultimate goal would be for the student to develop his/her own
business.
Dr Desai believes such an approach would present a fast track opportunity for Kenyan
youth to fully articulate concepts into industry and market in a big way.He confessed thatteaching a young person just out of engineering class on how to be entrepreneurial could bea daunting task.
He advocated for a cost effective approach, whereby with proper funding from internationalorganizations committed to promoting youth, a young engineer could produce a proper
concept in about 6 months. The technological companies would provide marketing supportand in the next 6 months he hypothesized that the youth would be ready come up withsomething. He explained that the financing from organizations committed to developing adevelopment culture was critical to ensure the youth has enough to live on in order to dedicate
themselves to the ideas, enable him to buy kits, and obtain necessary licenses.
Dr Desai believes this is the way forward and maintained that at Centurion they had engaged
the youth in creating a culture of innovation aimed at tapping creativity in collaboration
with like-minded existing organizations.
As an entrepreneur, Dr Desai declared that he would be happy to cultivate a culture ofinnovation and to support these initiatives in the country, He acknowledged that running anorganization is one thing but it was equally important for him to ensure that a legacy thatcan grow into many different directions would be very satisfying and promising to him.

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4.3

Patrick Muiruri, Director, Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute(KIRDI)
Transferring Technology from Laboratories to the Business Community and Consumers
Dr Muiruri largely addressed issues on dissemination of technological research findings andstated that certain issues and components need to be put in place in the dissemination ofscientific and research findings.
He indicated that the needs of the end user of the research findings from Jua Kali, multinationals, government should be considered while disseminating the findings depending on
target and beneficiaries of research.
Dr Muiruri explained that there was often proactive/reactive dissemination of researchfindings whereby the end user is sometimes aware and sometimes unaware of thedissemination process. He further stated that programs and practices must be adapted tomeet organizational needs since the users could be at different knowledge, perceptions,academic, technological perception levels. He said it would be important to put up programs
and practices that meet the aspirations of each group.
He posed the following questions:q Are those who do research involved in dissemination?
q What are the different existing channels for dissemination?
q What and how will dissemination take place?
q What is the relevance of the research and who are they relevant to?
q What are the aims of dissemination?
q In what direction will research outflow?
q What are the aims of the dissemination?
Dr Muiruri told the participants that some of the research done in Kenya has the potential to
not only benefit Kenya but the whole E.A region however the constraint comes in addressing
how the information gets to the end user. He called on scientists and researchers to identify
the potential blockages to information and understand the facilities, in terms of time energy
and money needed for dissemination.

4.4

Shem O. Wandiga, Chairman, Kenya National Academy of Sciences (KNAS)Prof Wandiga began by pointing out theimportance of recognizing the pattern in every
patent. According to him, pattern patent
recognition is very important as it helps anindividual to improve and register their own
patents by using something as simple as areplacement of a chip or a block on an innovation.
It is the recognition and the innovation that needs
to be conveyed in this country.
Prof Wandiga commenced by calling for theestablishment of a strong science technology andinnovation policy in Kenya whose goals andobjectives would be the formulation of a nationalinnovation system.
Prof Wandiga gave an anecdote of colonial times,
whereby people who were able to make a gun were arrested and their hands chopped off.
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He regretted that this pattern was unfortunately sustained by the Kenyan government up to
today. He gave an example of the Young Etiang who tried to fly but was “rudely shocked”
when the Director of Aviation forbade him saying “ I’ll never allow you to fly on my airspace.”
He encouraged scientists and researchers to apply knowledge to development. since many
countries have developed through science and technology.
The Professor yearned for a strengthening of industrial research and called for theaccommodation of ideas by scientists and researchers which often originate from young
people, universities, The Jua Kali sector and the streets. He explained that these ideas can be
sharpened at industrial research institutes, after which an incubator period would benecessary before entering the market . He insisted that an innovation village would be very
useful in the country and called for the development of technology parks in the country. He
further pointed out that the development of science, technology and innovation villages (Parks)
is an area where Africa has lagged behind.
Prof Wandiga suggested the establishment of innovation parks, life sciences, diagnostic centers,that will not only result in new products but will also improve the quality of products available
in the continent. He also urged the scientist and researchers to identify new products thatcan brand Kenya.
Prof Wandiga expressed hope that each of these options would create new linkages andprompt the renovation of education curriculum. These options would be more viable if theircost will be less that two percent of the national GDP and would help harness and achieve
the human and technological capacities.
He also advocated for the clustering of institutions and organizations to help maximize cooperation between the private sector, universities, research institutions and government.
According to Professor Wandiga, the government’s role is to provide financial resources toenable the development of such villages. He further advised all the constituting institutions
to work together to realize this recommendation.
Prof Wandiga was optimistic that once this is adopted, Kenya would be branded as adiagnostic nation that will consequently result in economic improvement and a technologicalrenovation in a short time.
Prof Wandiga noted that, Kenya’s economy currently relies on agriculture, natural resources,
tourism and service he argued that the income from these sources cannot cope with therapid population growth experienced in Kenya.
He also pointed out that the education and research systems were directed at satisfying theneeds of the above economic drivers and noted that policy change required revitalizing the
economyProf Wandiga believes Africa got into a poor economic situation by over reliance on agriculturalcommodities alone which is insufficient. He reminisced that a car could be gotten for 1 tonneof coffee when he was young; but there is a big change now since currently it would takeseveral tones of coffee or tea to buy a car. Professor Wandigah stressed that there was needto move from producing commodities, and move towards renovating thought processes to
do something different.

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He also censured the government and the private sector for the limited support they had
offered to science, technology and innovation and had subsequently contributed to thecollapse of STI infrastructures in the country.
He urged the government to step in and give glue in terms of policy, incentives, branding,that will bring the scientific community and the private sector together.
Professor Wandiga concluded his presentation by restating that reliance on agriculture andnatural resources and tourism is insufficient, and there was need to jumpstart the economy
through science technology, innovation which would subsequently leap frog Africa into
economic development.
4.5

Question and Answer Session

Question
The participant sought to know what proportion of research grants originates from the government.
He also felt that there was “implementation paralysis” when research is used to solve a problem
since the public does not appreciate research nor does the research apply to problems in the grassroots.
Answer
Dr Patrick Muiruri on answering the question on government grant said that he was nottalking about the money designated for research. He said in his institution which is state
corporation takes money from the 1line budget. This 1 line budget helps them to apply otherrequirements like Operations and Management and other essential services. He said that it iswithin this 1 line budget that they delegate some of the money as grants for research projects.
The government also allows them to utilize the account and auditing appropriation which isin built in the budget.
Question
How can this challenge be taken up by universities and knowledge institutions so that we can havemore deliberation coming from the institutions?
Answer
Dr Kevit Desai said the capacity we give to the youth should not only be designated to theinstitutions of higher learning. He lamented that we still maintain the colonial legacy andmentality that every thing that originates from the west is the best. Dr Desai said time hadcome when to jump start the situation because it was getting too late and it was taking toolong for the youth express themselves. He said one possible way is to create a win- winsituation with the existing organization. He said that it is no longer “cool” amongst young
people to work in large organizations like Coco-Cola, and BMW. He divulged that it wasmuch “cooler” for a youth to express themselves and and market their ideas. Dr Desaiinsisted that the youth have the ability but they need to be defined and the quickest way
would be through partnership.
Question
A participant who was a beneficiary of KIRDI, s baking equipment project sought to know how asmall scale entrepreneur can be helped with certification and standardization of their product since
the market demands goods to have standardization and certification.
Answer
Dr Patrick Muiruri said that in order for any one to sell their goods in the market they had
to be certified and standardized which was outside of KIRDI’s mandate. he advised that thiswas th emandate of the Kenya Bureau of Standards.

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4.6 CLOSING REMARKSAlex Gachuhi- National Coordinator, ATPS-Kenya Chapter
The ATPS Kenya Chapter, National Coordinator, Mr Alex Gachuhi wound up by calling fora cataloging of all scientist, researchers and innovators in the continent in order to know
who is doing what and recommended that the network of innovators be extended to villages,
districts, NGOs and farmers. He wanted to know where these innovations are and why noone has bothered to upscale them for commercialization. He further suggested the formationof innovation scouts to scout for innovation in the continent. He also reiterated thatsegmentation was important since it helped scientists to avoid repetition and redundancy.
Dr Ebby Chagala-Odera, Deputy Director, Kenya Forestry Research Institue (KEFRI)
Dr Odera concluded by thanking all the participants for staying and contributing to discussions
until the end of the meeting. She proposed for publication and commercialization of inventions
to raise the level of innovativeness in the continent and called for industries to play their partby upscaling innovations.

The participants were divided into groups and each group commissioned with different
duties and responsibilities:
1. The Technology Groupq The issues of S&T are sounded every now and then, How critical are government
policies in this area
q How will scientists work with government for the development of science andtechnology
2. The Research and Institutions groupq Carry out scientific research method so that products can be made hereq Defuse the information you have so as to avoid pockets of wrong information’s forthe public.
q Address market oriented strategy
3. Entrepreneurs
q Conduct extensive survey on consumer needs and how applicable it is to Kenya
q Explore the possibility of exports for example what does the export market need andhow can these needs be met. Move away from what is already in the market demandand find new groundq Ask mind bugging questions like, what can we extract from coffee that can give thenation more foreign income
q How can the twelve aspects of coconut be used to meet market

26Annex 1: Scientific Revival Day Programme2005 SCIENTIFIC REVIVAL DAY - 30 JUNE 2005, SAFARI PARK HOTEL, NAIROBI
THEME: HARNESSING EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES TO ALLEVIATE POVERTY

9.00

Chair of the session: Prof Norah Olembo, Chair, ATPS Board
Welcome address
Dr Osita Ogbu, ATPS Executive Director

9.15

African Union, science, technology and innovation
Dr Modibo Traore, Director, AU/IBAR

9.30

UNESCO’s support for science, technology and innovation to alleviate
poverty
Prof Joseph Massaquoi, Ag. Director, UNESCO, Nairobi Office

10:00

Keynote address: What gives an innovation value in the marketplace? –The honey bee, silk worm and the neem tree experience(ICIPE/BIOP Group)

10:45

Official opening of the workshop
Guest of Honour, Dr Kilemi Mwiria, Assistant Minister for Education, Scienceand Technology, Kenya

11:00

Tea Break/Press conference

11.15

Discussions

11:30

Chair of the session: Prof Judi Wakhungu, Executive Director, ACTS
Role of agricultural biotechnology in alleviating poverty: the case of tc
banana in eastern Africa(ISAAA Africenter Group)

12:00

Role of industries in supporting the creation and application of technologicalinnovations for development(Mr Vimal Shah, MD, the BIDCO Group of Companies)

12:30

Discussions

1:00

Lunch

2:00

Chair of the session: Prof GBA Okello, Executive Director, AASIntellectual property rights in the process of technological innovation
Dr Patricia Kameri-Mbote, Programme Director, International Environmental
Law Research Centre (Kenya)

2:30

Discussions/questions

2:45

Panel Discussion

2005 Scientific Revival Day ReportNairobi, Kenya

The role of knowledge-based institutions in improving technologicalcompetitiveness, Prof Robert Okalebo, Researcher, Moi University,
Eldoretq The contribution of technological innovation in small and medium-scale
enterprises in alleviating poverty, The Intermediate Technology
Development Group (ITDG-EA)
q Tapping creativity and innovative potential of the youth to create
employment and alleviate poverty, Dr Kevit Desai, Director ofEngineering, Centurion Systems Ltd
q Transferring technology from laboratories to the business community andconsumers, Dr Patrick Muturi, Director, Kenya Industrial Research
Development Institute (KIRDI)
q4.00

Discussions

4.30
Wrap-up and way forward
Mr Alex Gacuhi, National Coordinator, ATPS Kenya Chapter

28Annex 2: List of Participants

1. Belinda GITONGA
Nkuene Girls High School
P.O BOX 71
Nkubu, Meru
Tel: 0722992613/0721438382

P.O Box 28999
Nairobi
Tel: 020-311050
Fax: 020-311050
9. Elizabeth G. N. MACHIMBO
Teacher
St. Brigid’s Girls High School
P.O BOX 591
KitaleTel: 0722803772/0722484701
Email:gonaliaka@yahoo.com

2. Fridah MWARANIA
Nkuene Girls High School
P.O BOX 71
Nkubu, Meru
Tel: 0735334801
3. Kennedy M. ONTITI
Student Attorney
Innovative Lawyering
UON Parklands
P.O BOX 1313-00600
Sarit Centre,Nairobi
Tel: 3741769/340856/8/9
Fax: 3741769

10. Daniel OTUNGE
Program Assistant
ISAAA-Afri Center
P.O BOX 25171-00603
Nairobi, Kenya
Email:dotunge@abstafrica.org
Website:www.isaaa.org/www.absfafrica.org

4. Leonard S. WAMOCHO
Associate Professor (Horticulture)
P.O BOX 62000
Nairobi-City Square (00200)
Tel: 0722860914
Email: lswamocho@jkuat.ac.ke

11. Magdalene A. OKOTH
Assistant Director of Education
Ministry of Education S&T
P.O BOX 34657, 00100
Nairobi, Kenya
Tel: 0722746469
020 318581 Ext. 30541

5. Solomon DERESE
Lecturer Chemistry Dept.
University of Nairobi
P.O BOX 30197-00100
Nairobi, Kenya
Tel: 020-4446138/0733935539
Fax: 020-4446138
Email: sderese@uonbi.ac.ke
Website: www.uonbi.ac.ke

12. Rose Atieno KITOYIStudent
University of Nairobi
P.O Box 59468-00200
Nairobi, Kenya
Tel: 0723334768
Email: r-kitoyi@yahoo.com

6. John Robert OKALEBO
Associate Professor, HOD of Soil Science
Moi University (Dept of Soil Science)
Chepkoilel Campus
P.O BOX 1125
Eldoret, Kenya
Tel: 0733945613
Email: rokalebo@yahoo.com
7. Grace MUTUNG’U
Programme Assistant (Research)
UON Parklands
Innovative Lawyering
P.O BOX 1313-00600
Sarit Centre,Nairobi
Tel: 3741769/340856/8/9
Fax: 3741769
8. Musila KANYINGI
Editor
Joly Communications

13. Nicholas Muisyo MUTUNGI
Educationist. Science Teacher
Msambweni Secondary School
P.O BOX 14
Msambweni
Tel: 0721172900
Email: fpfkayacademy@yahoo.com
14. Hassan ABDI
Student
Alliance High School
P.O BOX 7
KikuyuTel: 0723583112
Email: hassan 1993s@yahoo.com
15. Nixon OTIENOUON- Chiromo Campus
P.O BOX 30197
Nairobi
Tel: 0720915576
Email: nixonotieno@yahoo.com

2005 Scientific Revival Day ReportNairobi, Kenya
Web site: www.kabarak.ac.ke
16. Mercy Njeri NJIMAUON- Chiromo Campus
P.O BOX 30197
Nairobi
Tel: 0720320716
Email: mnjimaus@yahoo.com
17. Mary Wairimu WACHIRA
Student
Collage of Biological and Physical Science
P.O. Box 30197
Chiromo Campus, Nairobi
E-mail waimy3@yahoo.com
Tel: 723- 734959
18. Elizabeth OMINO
Head, PROT Network Office Africa
PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa)
P.O. Box 30677 – 00100
Nairobi
Tel: 7224784
E-mail e.omino@cgiar.org
19. Warui Charles NDERITU
Associate Professor of Anatomy
University of Nairobi
C/o Department of Veterinary Anatomy,
University of Nairobi
P.O. box 30197,
NairobiE-mail Cnwarui@uonbi.ac.ke
20. Peter M. KAMWERE
Deputy Secretary
Min. of Environment & Natural Resources
P.O. Box 30126
Nairobi
Tel: 2730447
21. Mwangi WA-GITHUMO
Director of Graduate Studies
University of Eastern Africa, Baraton
P.O. Box 2500
Eldoret, Kenya
Tel: 053 - 52625
E-mail mwangiwagee@yahoo.com
22. John Ouma KONYINO
Senior Lecturer
Maseno University
C/o Maseno University
P.O. Private Bag
Maseno, Kenya
Tel: 0722-743194
Fax: 254-57-351221
E-mail Konyino@maseno.ac.ke
23. Daniel K. TUITOEKDeputy Vice-Chancellor
Kabarak University
P.O. Box 3270
Nakuru, Kenya
Tel: 051-343513
Fax: 051-343529
E-maildvcaa@kabarak.ac.ke

24. Dennis RANGIDirector
CAB International
P.O Box 633-00621
Nairobi
Tel: 254- 020-7224462
Fax: 254-020-7122150
E-mail D.Rang@CABI.org
Web site www.CABI.ORG
25. Peter OKOTH
Project Information Manager
TSBF Institute of CIATUN Avenue – Gigiri
P.O. Box 30677-00100
Nairobi, Kenya
Tel: 254-20-7224775
Fax: 254-20-7224764
E-mailp.okoth@cgiar.org
Web site ww.bgbd.net
26. Stephen WAINAINA
Director of Economic Planning
Ministry of Planning and National Development
P.O. Box 30005
Nairobi
Tel: 252299
E-mail swainaina@treasury.go.ke
27. Daniel Amedi MUTULI
Senior lecturer
University of Nairobi
P.O. Box 14127-00100
Nairobi
Tel: 334244
E-mail damutuli@yahoo.com
28. Christian BORGEISTEER
Director General
ICIPE,Nairobi, Kenya.
Tel: 20-8561686
Fax: 20-8561690
E-mail OG@icipe.org
Web site ww.icipe.org
29. Genevieve A. MWAYULI
Chairperson
The Catholic University of Eastern Africa
P.O. Box 62157 00200
Nairobi
Tel: 254-733-273330
Fax: 254-020-891084
E-mail gamwayuli@yahoo.com
30. Maurice O. MBEGERA
Director
National Environment Management Authurity
P.O. Box 67839-00200
Kapiti Road, Nairobi
Tel: 0733759744
E-mail dgnema@swiftkenya.com
31. Diana LUNZALU

30

2005 Scientific Revival Day Report
St. Brigid’s Girls High School
P.O BOX 591
KitaleTel: 0722803772/0722484701

Mail foduor@uonbi.ac.ke

32. Irene NAKHOME
St. Brigid’s Girls High School
P.O BOX 591
KitaleTel: 0722803772/0722484701

39. Wilber LWANDE
Programme Leader, Bio- prospecting Programme
ICIPE
P.O. Box 30772-00100
Nairobi,Kenya
Tel: 862000
Fax: 8632001
E-mail wlwande@icipe.org

33. David K. WAFULA
Research Fellow
African Centre for Technology Studies
P.O. Box 45917
Nairobi
Tel: 7224711
Fax: 7224700
E-mail d.wafula@cgiar.org

40. Maxwell LUMBASI
Research Technician
ICIPE
P.O. Box 30772
Nairobi
Tel: 802501/ 0723282247
Fax 860110
E-mail mlumbasi@icipe.org

34. Suresh K. RAINA
Program Leader & National UNDPGEF Project
Coordinator
ICIPE
P.O. Box 30772
Nairobi
Tel: 0722-488844
E-mail SRaina@ICIPE.org

41. Arthur A. RATENG
Director of Technical Education
Ministry of Education Science and Technology,
P.O. Box 60209
Nairobi
Tel: 0733-803332
Fax: 020-225205
E-mail aarayeng@yahoo.com

35. Ebby Chagala ODERAAssistant Director
Kenya Forestry Research Institute
P.O. Box 20412 – 00200
Nairobi
Tel: 254-66-32541
Fax: 254-66-32844
E-mail chagalaodera@yahoo.com

42. Annalee N. MENGECH
Head of Information and Publications
ICIPE
P.O. Box 31
Nairobi, Kenya
Tel: 8561686
E-mail amengech@icipe.org

36. Gregory S. NAMUONGE
Associate Professor
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture andTechnology, Institute for Human Resource Development
P.O. Box 62000
Nairobi
Tel: 0722896092
Fax: 067-54164
E-mailgsnamusonge@yahoo.co.uk
37. Shem O. WANDIGA
Director
Centre for science and Technology Innovation. Utalii
House, Room 802,
P.O. Box 42792-00100
Nairobi
Tel: 315540
Fax: 247301 /311715
Mail SOwandica@iconnet.co.ke

43. Suresh PATELManaging Director
Genetics Technologies International Ltd
P.O. Box 47430 – 00100
Nairobi
Tel4183279/4180607
Fax: 3748969/4180594
E-mail kae@alandick.co.ke
44. Jane Awuor OBONYO
Programme Coordinator
Community Mobilization Against
Desertification
P.O. Box 155
Rongo, Kisumu
Tel: 05942289
Fax: 05942278
E-mail ajaneobonyn@yahoo.com
45. Rose Akiniyi OWUOR
Project Coordinator
Kinda Women GroupBox 61
Rangwe Via, Homa-Bay
Tel: 0721865810

38. Fredrick D.O. ODUOR
Lecturer
Department of Chemistry
University of Nairobi
P.O. Box 30197
Nairobi
Tel: 4449004 Ext. 2193
Fax: 4446138

46. Otula A. OWUOR
Consultant
ABSF / African Science

31Nairobi, Kenya
Box 76330
Nairobi
Tel: 0722843101
E-mail otula@absfafrica.org
Web site sciencenewsdev.co.ke
47. Dorine A. ODONGOYouth Agency Development for Science Innovation
Technology
P.O. Box 32
Ngong Hills. 00208
Tel: 0722211479
E-mail dorineodongo@yahoo.com
48. Felix Makau LUTI
Professor of Mechanical Engineering
University of Nairobi
P.O. Box 30197
Nairobi
Tel: 020-318-262 Ext. 28383
E-mail fmluti@uonbi.ac.k49. Bernard O. ADUDA
Chairman of Department of Physics
University of Nairobi
P.O. Box 30197-00100
Nairobi
Tel: 4447552
Fax: 4449616
E-mail boaduda@uonbi.ac.ke
50. Jacob Thuranira KAIMENY
Deputy Vice – Chancellor (Academic)
University of Nairobi
P.O. Box 30197-00100
Nairobi
Tel 228986
Fax: 214325
Email jkaimenyi@uonbi.ac.ke
51. Jack Opanga OGAJA
University of Nairobi
P.O. Box 254
Homa- bay, 40300
Kenya
Tel: 0734-992229
E-mail opanga_ogaja@hotmail.com
52. Nicholas Mwiti MWIRICHIA
Teacher
Nkuene Girls High SchoolBox 71
Nkubu-Meru

53. Rebecca NGONDO
Legal Officer
University of Nairobi
P.O. Box 30197
Nairobi
Tel: 310080 / 0722761880
Fax: 226329
E-mail bngondo@uonbi.ac.ke
54. Mutua John MUNENE

Student
University of Nairobi, Collage of Physical andBiological Science
P.O. Box 30197
Nairobi
Tel: 0721994014
Email johnmuts@yahoo.com
55. Fred OWEGIAssistant Analyst
KIPPRABox 56445
Nairobi
Tel: 2719933/4
Fax 2719951
Email fowegi@kippra.or.ke
Web site ww.kippra.org
56. Winifred N. KARUGU
Director- Institute for Human Resource anddevelopment
JKUAT
P.O. Box 6893-00200 City Square
Nairobi
Tel: 0722-891696
Email wnkarugu@yahoo.com
57. Nasongo Arthur M’SE
Technical Sales Manager
Farmchem Ltd
P.O. Box 18407-00500
Nairobi
Email arthurnasongo@yahoo.com
58. Josephine MOGERE
Min. of Agriculture
P.O. Box 30028
Nairobi
Tel: 2718870 Ext. 090
Email jmmugere@yahoo.com
59. Elliud M. MUTI
Post- doctoral Fellow
ICIPE
P.O. Box 30772-00100
Nairobi
Tel: 0722-336385
Email emuli@icipe.org
60. Dharmendra KUMARI
P.O. Box 78355, Nakumatt Holdings Ltd
Nairobi
Tel: 020-3741398
Email mrsdhvaghela@yahoo.com
61. Vijay Vishnu ADOLKAR
Research Scientist
ICIPE
C/o International Centre of Insect Physiology andEcology
Nairobi
P.O. Box 30772
Tel: 0722-296875
Email vadolkar@icipe.org
Web site www.icipe.org

322005 Scientific Revival Day Report
62. Linda Opati MAKUTSA
Legal Consultant and Research Asst.
ICIPE
Box 995-00515
Buruburu,Nairobi
Tel: 8632000
Email lopati@icipe.org

70. Julius Maima OGOLA
Lecturer
University of Nairobi Department of MechanicalEngineering
P.O. Box 30197
Nairobi
Te l603503/0733952777
Email jmogola@yahoo.co.uk

63. Brian N. KUNGU
Operations Director/ consultant
Lusoi fresh Produce
P.O. Box 14358-00800
Nairobi
Tel: 0720-766891
Fax: 3754308
Email mauakenya@yahoo.com

71. Roselyn GAKURE
Lecturer
JKUATP.O. Box 62000
Nairobi
Tel: 8562941
Email rgakure@todays.co.ke

64. Travor KAGASI
Alliance High School
P.O. Box 7
KikuyuTel: 0724385248
Email travokagasi@yahoo.com

72. Henry WAHINYA
Feature Writer-Science
The People Dairy
P.O. Box 10296-00100
Nairobi
Tel: 0722999221
Fax 253344
Emailhwahinyas@yahoo.com

65. Newton K. MUANITeacher
Alliance High School
P.O. Box 7
KikuyuTel: 0722597827
Email kinrani@yahoo.com

73. Moni WEKESA
Reuben Masese & Co. Advocates
Akamba Apartments M3,
Hurlingham
P.O BOX 4701-00700 GPONairobi
Tel: 254-722-521146

66. Gideon M. KIVENGEA
Research Officer
National Council for Science and Technology
P.O. Box 30623-00100
Nairobi
Tel: 241331, 241369
Email joonyatta@yahoo.com

Teacher:
74. Rita Taneja (Mrs.)
Oshwal HighP.O BOX 49633
City Square
Nairobi

67. Arnold Onyango WATAKO
Lecturer
JKUATP.O. Box 62000
Nairobi
Tel: 0733-368580
Email arnoldwatako@yahoo.com

Oshwal High School
75. Vinod Sridharan
76. Rushabn Shah
77. Ghirag M. Haria
78. Mandeep V. Shah
79. Haabil Jivanjee
80. Madhav Raman
81. Henil Shah
82. Rishi Nair

68. Fredrick MUSIEBA
Research Assistant
KIRDI
P.O. Box 30650-00100
Nairobi
Tel: 535966
Email: musieba@yahoo.com

83. Afia Salim
Msambweni Secondary School
P.O BOX 14
Msambweni
Tel: 0721172900

69. Peter K. WAINAINA
Linkage Development Executive
Export Processing Zones Authority
P.O. Box 50563-00200
Nairobi
Tel: 254-045-26421/2-6
Fax 045-26427
Email Pwainaina@epzakenya.com
Web site www.epzakenya.com

84. Don Catherine
Msambweni Secondary School
P.O BOX 14
Msambweni
Tel: 0721172900
ATPS Secretariat
85. Osita OGBU

33

Nairobi, Kenya
Executive Director
African Technology Policy Studies Network.
P.O. Box 10081-00100
Nairobi, Kenya
Tel: 254-20-2714092/ 2723800
Fax: 2714028
Email: oogbu@atpsnet.org
www.atpsnet.org
86. Lily ADUKE
Communications and Outreach Officer
Email: laduke@atpsnet.org
87. Sheila MAINA
Research & Training Manager
Email: smaina@atpsnet.org
88. Maurice BOLO
Research Officer
Email: mbolo@atpsnet.org
89. Agnes K. RIMBERE
Research Assistant
Email: arimbere@atpsnet.org
90. Jean NG’ANG’A
InternCommunication & Outreach Department
Email: jnganga@atpsnet.org

34

Annex 3: Pictorial

Alex Gacuhi
2005 Scientific Revival Day Report

Prof GBA Okello