平成 23 年度 認知症介護研究・研修東京センター研究事業

東日本大震災時の認知症高齢者の行動と介護スタッフの対応に関する実態調査研究

報告書

社会福祉法人 浴風会
認知症介護研究・研修東京センター

平成 24 年 3 月

目次

はじめに ···································································································

1第1章

研究の概要·····················································································

3Ⅰ

研究の目的························································································

4

Ⅱ

研究体制···························································································

4

Ⅲ

研究計画···························································································

4第2章

被災地の認知症介護指導者に対するヒアリング調査 ································

7Ⅰ

調査の目的························································································

8Ⅱ

調査の方法························································································

8Ⅲ

結果 ································································································

9Ⅳ考察 ································································································ 31

第3章

認知症介護指導者の被災地支援の実態に関する調査 ································ 33

Ⅰ

調査目的··························································································· 34

Ⅱ

調査方法··························································································· 34

Ⅲ

調査結果··························································································· 34

Ⅳ考察 ································································································ 75

第4章

認知症介護指導者の被災地支援に関するヒアリング調査 ·························· 81

Ⅰ

調査の目的························································································ 82

Ⅱ

調査の方法························································································ 82

Ⅲ結果１

第 1 次調査結果 ······································································ 84

Ⅳ結果２

第 2 次調査結果 ······································································ 99

Ⅴ考察 ································································································ 121

第5章

被災地の行政担当者に対するヒアリング調査········································· 125Ⅰ

調査の目的························································································ 126

Ⅱ

調査の方法························································································ 126

Ⅲ結果 ································································································ 127

Ⅳ

考察 ································································································ 133

第6章

総合考察 ······················································································· 137

資料 ········································································································· 143

はじめに2011 年 3 月 11 日に発生した東日本大震災は、岩手、宮城、福島の東北 3 県を中心に各地に大きな被害をもたらした。この地震によってライフラインや物流が寸断されるとともに、太平洋沿岸部では巨大な津波が発生し、さらには東京電力福島第一原子力発電所の事故が発生した他、液状化現象、地盤沈下など東北と関東の広大な範囲に被害が拡大した。
警視庁の 2012 年 3 月 28 日の発表では、死者 15,854 人、行方不明者 3,089 人、負傷者 6,025人、建物被害は全壊、半壊含めて 38 万件以上の被害があったことが報告されている１）。介護施設においては、2011 年 6 月 13 日現在において、岩手、宮城、福島の３県で 52 か所が全半壊し、入所者と職員の計 658 人が行方不明になったことが報告されている２）。正確な数字はわからない
ものの、多くの認知症者も被害にあったことが予想される。
そうしたなか、日本国内はもとより、世界各国から様々な形で被災地への支援が行われた。医療関係では DMAT（Disaster Medical Assistance Team）をはじめとした様々な支援チームが活躍をした。介護関係においても、厚生労働省が中心となり、介護職員等の派遣を行った。その他にも、日本介護士専門員協会、日本介護福祉士会などの専門職団体が、避難所や社会福祉施設等への介護職員等の派遣を行った。NPO 法人を通じた支援や、個人的なボランティアなど様々な形で支援活動が展開された。また、津波や原発等により被災した要介護者等の被災者の受け入れや、物資、義捐金の支援等が行われている。
一方、この予想をはるかに超えた状況の中、支援者は被災地支援活動上の様々な課題に、介護施設はこれまでの防災の取り組みの限界性に直面した。
本研究は、被災地における介護施設や支援活動の実態と課題をふまえ、今後の激甚災害に備えてどのような準備や支援のための仕組みが必要なのかについて検討し、今後の介護施設の防災のあり方、被災地支援のあり方を考える際の一助となることを目的としている。

文献
１）警視庁 東北地方太平洋沖地震の被害状況
http://www.npa.go.jp/archive/keibi/biki/higaijokyo.pdf#search（2011.3.28）
２）厚生労働省 老健局 東日本大震災への対応
http://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/shingi/2r9852000001q8my-att/2r9852000001q8of.pdf#search（2011.3.28）-1-