ESUJ Debate 2016

What is Parliamentary Debate?
Parliamentary Debate, as its name suggests, is modeled on the British Parliamentary
System. Accordingly, motions begin with a phrase such as “This House believes that...”,or “This House would...” (Here, “House” refers to the Parliament).
A team is called either Proposition or Opposition depending on the side it is given.
Both sides are comprised of two debaters who are modelled members of the House. In thesame way as the Parliament, the Proposition supports the motion while the Opposition
opposes it. Debaters of each side try to persuade judges to vote for their side within alimited period of time. Debaters will speak in the following order.
■ First Proposition (Prime Minister) Speech

7 minutes■ First Opposition (Leader of the Opposition) Speech

7 minutes■ Second Proposition (Member of the Government) Speech

7 minutes■ Second Opposition (Member of the Opposition) Speech

7 minutes■ Opposition Reply Speech

4 minutes■ Proposition Reply Speech

4 minutes

Constructive Speeches
The first four speeches are the constructive speeches. In the First Proposition Speech,
the First Proposition Speaker defines the terms of the motion and presents a case fordebate. The First Opposition Speaker must refute the Proposition’s analysis presented by
the First Proposition Speaker, and provide an argumentation which supports their side.
The role of the members is to refute the other side and reconstruct their own stance.
Both speakers on a team can offer Points of Information when they wish to give or ask
for information relevant to what the opponent speaker on the floor has said in his/herconstructive speech. The speaker on the floor has the right to accept or decline the point.

Reply Speeches
The purpose of the Reply Speeches is to crystallize all the arguments and show judges
why her/his team has won the round. No new constructive arguments may be presented.
In a Parliamentary Debate, emphasis is placed on quick thinking and logicalargumentation. It requires skills and a sense of humour in order to grab the attention of theaudience and persuade them effectively.

Basic Guideline for Debate
This section contains the basic guidelines for debaters in this competition. In addition,
all debaters and judges are asked to read and fully understand both the tournament rules
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and the judging guidelines.

Characteristics of the debates in this competition
A) There are three main criteria to judge how an individual debater or a team was
persuasive; Content, Strategy and Style (Matter, Method and Manner).**Refer to “Judging Guidelines”

B) The motion for the debate in this competition is announced 20 minutes prior to thecommencement of the debate. Therefore, in this competition, the debate is
EXTEMPORANEOUS and debaters are required to think on their feet and speak
spontaneously.
C) Debaters should be FLEXIBLE and reply to most of the arguments the opponent team ismaking.
D) This is a DEBATING competition, not a public speaking competition. Therefore,
debaters should NOT read out their speeches.

Definition
In this competition intelligent and straightforward definitions of the motions are
expected and rewarded. In particular, the definition must be fair to the Opposition and givethem an equal case to argue back. The Opposition should accept any definition by the
Proposition unless it presents an unreasonable or clearly irrelevant interpretation of the
motion, or is true and does not leave the Opposition a side to argue.

Role of each speakerA) First Proposition Speaker
It is the duty of the First Proposition Speaker to define the motion, which describes
exactly what the basis for the debate will be. This means that the speaker must (1) explain
any ambiguous words, (2) set any limits to the debate, (3) interpret the motion as a wholeand state exactly what contention their team is going to try and prove. Furthermore, theFirst Proposition Speaker must propose the argument(s) to support their case.
B) First Opposition Speaker
The First Opposition Speaker must refute the arguments of the Proposition (perhaps
by highlighting inconsistencies or weaknesses) and explain why there is a difference
between the two sides. This speaker is the first one to isolate exactly what the debate will
be about, by saying which parts of the Proposition case they will agree with and which theychoose to dispute. He/She will then go on to explain the structure of the Opposition case2

ESUJ Debate 2016
and to prove his/her points.
C) Second Proposition and Opposition Speakers
The second speakers on either team should divide their time between refuting points
made by their opponents and continuing with their side of the argument. At the end of asecond speech, a brief summary of the whole argument of their side is recommended.
D) Reply Speeches
The Reply Speech is intended to review the major issues of the debate and to leave alasting impression in the judges’ minds that is favourable to the Reply Speaker’s own side.
A Reply Speaker goes over the various arguments that have already occurred but implies
that her/his own side has won. It is important to concentrate on the major areas ofdifference between the two sides, rather than trivial points or areas of agreement. Her/His
job is to remind the judges “exactly where her/his team disagreed in this debate”, and thento prove why her/his team’s arguments in those areas are superior. She/he is therefore
looking at the debate as a whole rather than simply reviewing the individual points one byone.

Remember, no new arguments may be introduced into the Reply Speeches.

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Rules (in ESUJ Debate)1

Format of the debate
1.1 The debate will consist of two teams comprised of two persons per team,a chairperson/timekeeper, and a judge or a panel of judges.
1.2 All registered debaters shall comprise members of the House.
1.3 All speakers shall address the Chair, using the formula “Mr. (or Madam)
Chairperson” or “Madam (or Mr.) Speaker”.
1.4 Each team will be designated either Proposition or Opposition.
1.5 The motion and the speaking position will be announced 20 minutes prior to thecommencement of the debate.
1.6 All members of the House will act in a courteous manner during the debate.
1.7 The debate shall be conducted as follows:
CHAIRPERSON / TIME KEEPER’S INTRODUCTIONFirst Proposition (Prime Minister) Speech

7 minutes

First Opposition (Leader of the Opposition) Speech

7 minutes

Second Proposition (Member of the Government) Speech

7 minutes

Second Opposition (Member of the Opposition) Speech

7 minutes

Opposition Reply Speech

4 minutes

Proposition Reply Speech

4 minutes

1.8 Only the First Speaker on each team may make the Reply Speech.
1.9 Debaters must not introduce new arguments in Reply Speeches. However, in the
Proposition Reply Speech the speaker may introduce new arguments in his or her
refutation only to refute arguments that were first raised in the Second Opposition
Speech. New examples, analogies, etc. which support previously introduced
arguments are allowed in both Reply Speeches.
2Time management
2.1 Constructive Speeches are seven minutes. Reply Speeches are four minutes.
Debaters should not exceed the above mentioned time period by more than thirty
seconds, and should continue their speech for at least six and a half (three and ahalf) minutes.
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2.2 The timekeeper will keep debaters informed of the elapse of time by cards. A
double knock will sound at the end of seven minutes. If the speaker continues formore than thirty seconds, the judge will ask the speaker to stop speaking.
2.3 Time management will be considered in the evaluation.
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Preparation
3.1 The Preparation time is 20 minutes. After 20 minutes, the debates will start. Alldebaters, judges, chairpersons/timekeepers must be prepared to start the roundat this time.
3.2 During the first 10 minutes, the Proposition team has the right to use the debating
room to prepare. The Opposition team may not enter the debating room during
this time.
3.3 All debaters must be in the debating room 10 minutes before the commencementof the round.
3.4 Teams must prepare on their own without support from others. Once the motion isannounced, debaters must not receive advice from others.
3.5 Only printed and prepared materials and electronic dictionaries may be usedduring the 20-minute preparation time and the debate. The use of other electronic
media, memory, or search devices, including computers and cell phones is not
permitted after the release of motions.

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Defining the motion
4.1 It is the duty of the First Proposition Speaker to define the motion, which
describes exactly what the basis for the debate will be.
The First Proposition Speaker must (1) explain any ambiguous words, (2) set any
limits to the debate, (3) interpret the motion as a whole and state exactly what
contention the Proposition side is going to try and prove.
Only the First Proposition Speaker can define the motion.
4.2 Once the First Proposition Speaker defines the motion and makes the casestatement, the Proposition side must prove the definition, not the motion.
4.3 The definition should be reasonable and state or present:
i
ii
iii

The issue(s) arising from the motion
The meanings of terms in the motion requiring clarification
Clear and logical connections with the wording and the context of the motion
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4.4 The definition should NOT be:
i

ii
iii
iv

v

Content (matter) stated as fact, i.e. a truism (a claim that is so obvious or
self-evident as to be hardly worth mentioning except as a reminder or as arhetorical or literary device)
Circular, i.e. a tautology which proves itself in its own terms and leaves noroom for the Opposition to mount a substantive case opposing it
Time/place specific, unfairly restricting the Opposition’s ability to oppose thedefinition to a specific time and place
A “Squirrel”, which presents no clear or logical connections to the motion andthus denies the opposition reasonable access to the content (Matter) of the
motionToo specialized, i.e. requires more specific knowledge of a particular field thanan average reasonable person would have

4.5 Only the First Opposition Speaker has the right, but not the obligation, tochallenge the definition. The definition can be challenged only in the case when
the Proposition infringes upon the prohibitions stated in 4.4. If he/she does notchallenge the definition, all debaters must accept it.
4.6 The First Opposition Speaker must prove the justification of his/her own proposed
definition giving the reasons why the original definition proposed by the
Proposition has been rejected.
4.7 The First Opposition Speaker must provide a substitute appropriate definition to
the motion.
4.8 The Proposition should not ignore the definition challenge, and the Opposition
should not ignore the definition of the Proposition.
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Points of Information
5.1 Points of Information are offered when a speaker of an opponent team wishes togive or ask for information relevant to what the speaker on the floor has said. For
example,i
To point out a fact that weakens the opponent’s argument.
ii
To indicate a contradictory conclusion.
iii
To show inconsistency between the competitors on a team.
iv
To ask questions about statements which are not clear.
5.2 Either speaker on the opponent team may make Points of Information during thefour Constructive seven-minute Speeches.
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5.3 Both speakers on a team are strongly encouraged to offer and accept Points ofInformation during the four Constructive seven-minute Speeches. However, ifoffered Points of Information are few, it is not absolutely necessary to accept
Points of Information. It is a strategic decision for the debaters.
5.4 The first and last minutes of the speech are known as “protected time” and Points
of Information may not be offered during this time.
5.5 A Point of Information may not be made during the four-minute Reply Speeches
5.6 To offer a Point of Information, a speaker must stand up and say, “Point ofInformation” or by any similar expression show that she/he wishes to make a
Point of Information. The speaker holding the floor (i.e. giving the Constructive
Speech) then has the right to accept or decline the point. If it is declined, thespeaker offering the Point of Information must sit down.
5.7 Points of Information must not exceed fifteen seconds in length. The clock is NOT
stopped while they are delivered.
5.8 If the Point of Information exceeds fifteen seconds, the speaker on the floor has
the right to stop the Point of Information.
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Points of Order
6.1 Points of Order can be made at any time by any debater to call attention to any
violation of Tournament Rules. They must be addressed to the Judge(s).
6.2 Reply Speeches must not offer any new arguments. Points of Order can beoffered to call the attention of the judges when any debater finds a new argument
during the Reply Speeches except for the refutation of the Proposition Speaker tothe Second Opposition Speaker’s new arguments.
6.3 The Judge(s) will acknowledge the Points of Order. The clock will be stopped
during the Judge(s)’ acknowledgement. The Judge(s) will rule on the validity of
the Point of Order after the debate has ended and the debaters have left thedebating room.

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Criteria for evaluation

The main criteria for evaluation are Content (Matter), Strategy (Method) and Style(Manner). The points which should be evaluated for each criterion are as follows:
7.1 Content (Matter) Analysis
 Relevance Evidence Argumentation

Refutation
Point of Information

7.2 Strategy (Method) Individual Strategy (Organization of Individual Speeches/ Time Management) Team Strategy (Organization of the Team’s Case /Team Stance/ Roles of
Speakers)
 Dynamics of the Debate (Responses to the Key Issues / Frequency of Points ofInformation)
7.3 Style (Manner)
 Verbal Expressions (fluency, tone, intervals, humour, etc.)
 Non-Verbal Expressions (use of notes, eye contact, gesture, etc.)
Please refer to “Judging Guidelines” for details of the criteria and to the Judge’s Score
Sheet for the marking scheme.
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Examples of Penalties
8.1 Examples of Minor penalties


Minor time management problems



Isolated occasions of discourteous statementsAn overly complex definition

The acceptance or offering of excessive Points of Information



Limited new arguments in the Reply Speeches

8.2 Examples of Major penalties


Major time management problems



Reading of scripted speechesLack of Points of Information offered, accepted, or responded to, according to
the frequency of Points of Information

Repeated personal abuse of opponents
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Judging Criteria
The judges’ task is to determine which team or teams were most convincing as
debaters.
In order to do so we ask that you refer to the Content, Strategy and Style (Matter,
Method and Manner) of the speeches. A scoring sheet will be provided to assess thecompetitors’ marks. It is expected that the judges will evaluate the debates objectively,
setting aside their own views and their specific knowledge on a motion. In the end, however,
it is the overall impression of which team made the most convincing presentation of theircase that will determine the verdict.

Evaluation Criteria
1. Content (Matter)
Relevance:

Was the speech germane to the motion and/or definition? Did it clearlyaddress the issues that needed to be addressed?

Analysis:

Did the speaker demonstrate perceptive understanding of the big issues,
and relate smaller points to that? Were examples used to prove a point, or
merely thrown away? Were unsubstantiated assertions, logical flaws andcase contradictions spotted in the opponent’s case?

Evidence:

The relevance of examples is vital to the persuasiveness of a speaker. You
may find as a judge that your expert knowledge in a particular field reveals
a mistaken use of example in a speaker’s case; however, if the opponent
does not highlight this, it is probably unfair to penalise the speaker.

Bearing in mind the above three points, judges should assess the quality of;
Argumentation:
Did the speaker logically analyse the topic of the debate with deep understanding
and correct knowledge? Did the speaker explain why his/her basic statement stands? Did
the speaker provide evidence to substantiate the analysis? Did the speaker conclude thearguments by linking back to the basic contention under the topic?

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Refutation:
Did the speaker appropriately respond to the arguments made by the other team?
Did the speaker find out and attack the weakness of the other team’s argumentation? Did
the speaker attack the fundamental logic of the argument (not every example)?
Content of Points of Information:
Did the speaker raise clear, direct and brief Points of Information to weaken the otherteam’s arguments or strengthen that of her/his own team’s arguments? Did the speaker
immediately and confidently handle the Points of Information made by the other team?

2. Strategy (Method)[Individual Strategy]
Organization of Individual Speeches:
Were the speeches clearly structured and easy to follow? Was the team argument
logically ordered in a sequence that flowed naturally from point to point? Did the speakerstructure his/her speeches into separate categories or issues of concern with appropriate
headings?
Time Management:
Did the speaker appropriately allocate her/his time to the speech to complete her/his
argumentation? Did they avoid speaking over the time limit or ending the speech long
before the time limit?

[Team Strategy]
Organization of the Team’s Case:
Did the speakers reinforce each other’s argument? Did they carry a coherent teamphilosophy throughout the round? Did they show different aspects of the topic?
Roles of Speakers:
As described above, each speaker has a role to fill. Did they do their job? Did theFirst Proposition Speaker define the motion clearly, and was it a fair definition? Did the First
Opposition Speaker construct the substantive arguments of the Opposition and refute the
Proposition’s arguments? Did the Second Proposition introduce the remaining arguments,
and respond to the arguments of his/her opponents’? Did the Reply Speakers identify the
major issues of the debate?

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[Dynamics of the Debate]
Responses to the Key Issues:
Did the speaker understand and respond to the right issues at the right point in thedebate without adhering to what was planned during preparation time?
Frequency of Points of Information:
Did the opponent speaker actively participate in the debate by raising Points ofInformation? Did the speaker allow a reasonable amount of time for the ‘waiting period’
before raising further Points of Information?

3. Style (Manner)
Verbal Expressions:
Did the speaker speak English with fluency, clarity and appropriateness? Did the
speaker effectively adjust the pitch, tone and intervals of her/his statement? It should be
noted that the speakers are debating in a foreign language and should not be heavily
penalised for lack of fluency and poor articulation. Did the speaker’s witty humour grab theattention and support their arguments? (Please note: It is better to give a speech with good
logical and rebuttal arguments than a speech delivered smoothly and humorously butlacking in content.)
Non-Verbal Expressions:
Did the speaker avoid reciting or reading texts? (Please note: The use of brief
notes, for example on palm cards, is allowed, particularly during the course of the debate
when a speaker may need to use them in order to rebut the Opposition.) Did the speakermake eye contact with members of the audience and use effective gestures? Did the
speaker sound persuasive and sincere?

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Marking Scheme
Marking Range & Scoring Criteria
 Please write down total scores only
Marking Range: Only whole number scores for constructive speeches

65-85 Reply speeches should be marked like constructive
speeches & halved. Decimal scores allowed No low point wins
 Margin between the teams must be within 12 points

Very Poor◆ Difficult to understand◆ Very little reasoning

65-69◆ Did not engage with the opponent◆ Very short speech(32.5-34.5)◆ Delivery needs improvement◆ Does not fulfill his/her role in the debate

Poor◆ Insufficient or irrelevant reasoning◆ Insufficient arguments◆ Not enough engagement against the opponent◆ Difficult to understand his/her speech

70-73(35-36.5)◆ Speech is too short or too long
◆ Poor delivery◆ Average speech which needs stronger arguments

Average◆ Key issues not fully covered◆ Average level of elaboration, examples etc.
◆ Engages with opponent but with simple replies and

74-76(37-38)

rebuttals◆ Average speech organization and delivery

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Break round quality speech

Fulfills his/her role in the debateGood logical analysis of topic

Has sufficient arguments which are relevant andAbove
Averageelaborated with good reasoning and examples


Coherent well organized speech which is easy to

77-79

understandEngages well with good replies and rebuttals against(38.5-39.5)

opponent

Clear and direct points of information



Handles POI promptly with confidence

Grand final quality speech Exceptionally good argumentation addressing allimportant issues
 Extremely good logical analysis of topic providing relevant
evidence to substantiate the analysis
 High level of engagement with the opponent

Excellent

80-83(40-41.5)

 Effective use of POI weakening opponent’s arguments
and strengthening his/her own team
 Well organized speech which is clear and extremely
persuasive
 Speech delivered with clarity and confidence

Once in a
Lifetime
Perfect Debate Flawless brilliant debater

84-85(42-42.5)

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Reaching a Decision
Reaching an accurate and equitable decision is the most important role of thejudges. This guide is designed to give judges tips on how to reach a decision and to show
the procedures for giving oral adjudication and feedback to the debaters.
As soon as the round has concluded, all debaters and audience are asked toleave the debating room while the judges fill in their score sheets and determine thewinning team. Each judge must independently reach their decision and fill-in the score
sheet within 10 minutes after the completion of the debate. The score sheet will becollected by the Chairperson/Timekeeper of the round room. When reaching a decision,
judges are forbidden to consult other judges in the room or anyone else. Judges are asked
not to vote or discuss the debate until all the judges have submitted their score sheets.
Judges cannot change their decision once her/his score sheet has been submitted. The
winning team is decided by the vote(s) of the judge(s).

The team receiving the majority of

votes wins the debate.

Oral Adjudication
Oral adjudication is a system whereby the judge(s) announce the result of thedebate directly to the debaters. After the score sheets have been submitted and thewinning team decided, the Chairperson/Timekeeper will call the debaters and audienceback into the round room so that the judge(s) can give their oral adjudication. In a room withthree judges, the chair judge will give the oral adjudication. In the event that the chair is in
the minority, another judge on the panel will give the oral adjudication. The judge should
first announce the winning team and then explain the reason(s) for the decision, and if time
permits, judges are asked to give constructive advice, comments and feedback to thedebaters for future rounds. The feedback can be general indications of the level of theround and the speakers but it should not disclose the specific speaker scores. Oraladjudication must be completed within 30 minutes after the round has concluded.
Debaters are allowed (and encouraged) to receive additional feedback but only when theschedule permits it. Both judges and debaters should return to their designated rooms assoon as the feedback is concluded.

Closed RoundIn a closed round, judges will not give an oral adjudication. All judges areprohibited from disclosing the result or the scores of the round to anyone, including judges
in other rounds. Judges are asked to return to the Judges’ Room after the round without
discussing the debate and fill in and submit their score sheets in the Judges’ Room.
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Tips on Adjudication
During the round, the judge(s) should take accurate notes on all speakers to makesure they can keep track of the arguments given in the round. It will become especially
important when, two teams' performances were close, to look back at the notes in order tofind the breaking points.

Judges should determine the winner based SOLELY on thematerials given in the round. Please avoid intervening in the given arguments with specificknowledge you have or opinions you personally hold. Please do not overly interpret things
that were said by speakers. Please assess the debate only on the merits of thearguments given in the round.
A decision should be based on the relative performance of the teams in the round.
Please do not give an automatic win or loss decision based on things said by one team, but
compare that with the performance of the other team. Remember that teams can always
do better or worse, no matter how good or bad the other team may be. Also, do not set
certain standards or expectations that one team has to meet for them to win the round.
Compare their performance to the opposing team; not to what you may or may not expect.
Judges should assess the team as a whole, rather than an individual speaker orfactor, no matter how superior or inferior they might be. One team might have a brilliant
manner or superb argument, but if the emotional speech is devoid of meaning, or thebrilliant arguments contradict each other, that team should be penalized for it.
When giving oral adjudication, please announce the result first before giving
reasons or comments about the round. Please try to give the reasoning in a holistic andcomparative manner to accurately describe the way you have reached your decision.
Please be specific in describing what the speakers said and how you assessed the round.

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Guidance for a Chairperson and a Timekeeper
The Chairperson/Time Keeper ensures that debates run as smoothly as possible andis responsible for controlling the debate.

IMPORTANT!
(a)

You will be assigned a debating room where you will be Chairperson/Time Keeperof the FOUR ROUNDS of the preliminary debates or the final debates. Please go
to your debating rooms on time!

(b)

There will be one or three judges for each preliminary debate. There will be threeor more judges for the final debates.

(c)Please collect the profile card with the judge’s name and title from each judge.

(d)

The motion will be announced in the Opening Room TWENTY (20) MINUTES
before the commencement of the debate. The timekeeper will write the motion andthe names of the debaters on the blackboard/whiteboard.

(e)When 20 minutes have passed, PLEASE START THE DEBATE IMMEDIATELY.

(f)

Please return the profile card to the judge(s) at the end of each debate.

Before the debate
1) Make sure that the room is set up as the Room Layout on page 20, and that each judge
has a score sheet.
2) Make sure that the motion is written on the blackboard/whiteboard.
3) Introduce yourself to the speakers and judge(s). Make sure the names of the debaters
are written on the whiteboard in the order in which they will be speaking. Ensure you
check the pronunciation of any unusual names.
4) Check that all competitors, judge(s) and members of the audience are present andseated. The Proposition should sit on your right, the Opposition on your left.

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During the debate1) Start the debate.
“I call this House to order”.
Introduce the judge(s) using the profile card with her/his name and title.
“I would like to introduce the honourable judges for this debate.”“Prof./Dr./Mr./Ms -----is ----- (state title).”Introduce all the judges.
2) Announce the motion.
“The motion for this debate is…”
3) Ask the speakers to deliver their proposition and opposition constructive speeches
within seven minutes in the following order; First Proposition Speaker, First Opposition
Speaker, Second Proposition Speaker, Second Opposition Speaker.
“Now, I call upon the First Proposition Speaker (name of speaker) to deliver the
first proposition speech within seven minutes.”

Thank each speaker as they finish:“I thank the First Proposition speaker. Now I call upon the First Opposition
Speaker, (name of speaker), to deliver the first opposition speech within sevenminutes.”“I thank the First Opposition Speaker. Now, I call upon the Second Proposition
Speaker, (name of speaker), to deliver the second proposition speech withinseven minutes.”“I thank the Second Proposition speaker. Now I call upon the Second
Opposition Speaker, (name of speaker), to deliver the second opposition speech
within seven minutes.”

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Thank the Second Opposition Speaker and then call on the teams to make their reply
speeches (four minutes). Remember that the Opposition reply comes first.
“I thank the Second Opposition Speaker. Now, I call upon the Leader of the
Opposition, (name of speaker), to deliver the opposition reply speech withinfour minutes.”“I thank the Leader of the Opposition. Now, I call upon the Leader of the
Proposition, (name of speaker), to deliver the proposition reply speech
within four minutes.”“I thank the Leader of the Proposition.”
For oral adjudication:“Now, I close this round. I ask the debaters to please shake hands with theiropponents. Thank you for your cooperation. The debaters and audience areasked to wait outside of the debating room until the judge(s) reach theirdecision.”
For closed debates:“Now, I close this round. I ask the debaters to please shake hands with theiropponents. Thank you for your cooperation. The debaters and judges are asked
to return to their designated rooms. ”

After the debate
1) Please do not forget to return the judge’s profile card to each judge.
2) Please ask the judges to complete their score sheets within 10 minutes after the end of
the debate. In the case of oral adjudication, the results and comments from the judges
will be delivered orally in the respective debating rooms. Oral adjudication must end
within 30 minutes after the end of each round. In a closed debate, judges anddebaters will return to their designated rooms. No discussion is allowed.
3) Please make sure that the room is organised for the next debate. Please erase thedebaters’ names and motion from the blackboard/whiteboard.
4) Please return to the Chairpersons/ Time keepers’ room and wait for the next round to beannounced.
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Room

LayoutPodium
1st

1st

Proposition

Opposition

Time Keeper/
Chairperson

Judge(s)Audience
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