Over view of Sakhalin set up and OSR Activities
William Stillings
Deputy Director
Echoshelf Ltd.

Saturday October 27, 2001 ‑‑ 3:24 am EST Sakhalin Oil to be Shipped to Japan from '05?? TOKYO, Oct 27 2001 (Reuters) ‑ A consortium of Japanese trading firms and U.S. oil giant
ExxonMobil Corp (NYSE:XOM ) are set to produce oil in Russia's Sakhalin 1 field and export
most of it to Japan from December 2005, Japanese media reported on Saturday.
?? The companies have assessed that it would be possible to produce 250,000 barrels per day(bpd) in the Chayvo oil field off Sakhalin's northeastern shores and were consideringexporting almost all of the oil to Japan, Kyodo news agency said.

Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment
Sakhalin Island, Russia
The Status of Oil Development & Spill Response
Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment??
Sakhalin Island Orientation??
Federal & Regional Response??
Sakhalin Island Environment??
Ecoshelf Ltd. ? Sakhalin
Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment
Sakhalin Island ‑‑ Orientation
Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment??Sakhalin is the largest island in Russia.
??It is bounded by the Sea of Okhotsk on the east and the Tatar Straits, an arm of the Seaof Japan on the west.
??The population of the island is about 670,000, of whom 180,000 live in the regional center,

Yuzhno‑Sakhalinsk.
Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment??Sakhalin is situated in the Russian Far East, just north of Hokkaido, Japan. [approx. 30miles]??Proven reserves of offshore oil are estimated at 1.5 billion bbl

??Substantial gas reserves are also present??Production and transportation infrastructure is almost completely lacking??The Russian Federation lacks money and technology to develop the fields offshore Sakhalin

and thus has developed Production Sharing Agreements to attract multi‑national consortia
Sakhalin Island
Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment??
Offshore Oil Development Is Just Beginning??
Investment is expected to reach $20 Billion USD to 10 years
Sakhalin Development??
The first onshore oil was discovered and produced on Sakhalin in 1928. This is now 65%
depleted??
A Japanese‑Russian joint venture discovered the first offshore fields in the 1970s
Oil Development by Companies??Sakhalin 1 ?

Exxon Neftegas Limited??ExxonMobil ? 30%??Japan's Sakhalin Oil & Gas Development Co Ltd (SODECO) ? 30% {SODECO owned by Japanesetrading houses Itochu Corp , Marubeni Corp and other firms}??Russian oil firm Rosneft and its affiliate owned the remaining 40 percent. InFebruary2001 India's ONGC Videsh Ltd purchased 20% from Rosneft ONGC??Sakhalin II ?

Sakhalin Energy Investment Co.

??Shell 55 per cent, Mitsui & Co. Ltd. (Mitsui Sakhalin Holdings B.V.) 25 per cent and

Mitsubishi Corp. (Diamond Gas Sakhalin B.V.) 20 per centEcoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment
Russian Federation & Regional Oil Spill Planning
Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment??
Russian Federation Plan??
Ocean Basin Approach??
Oil Spill Recovery a KeyResponsibility??
Plans Formed in mid ‑1980 s??
$60 M of Equipment & Vessels Purchased
Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment
Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment??
Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin works within the Russian National Emergency System

Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment??
Emergency Planning Based Upon Regional Approach??
Each Region has an Emergency Committee??
The Regional Emergency Committee has Responsibility for Oil Spill Response
Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment??
Regional Emergency System
Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment??
Federal & Regional Planning Recognizes the use of aTiered
Response Approach
Response Level Concept
Tier I ? Response Resources maintained by Companies on Sakhalin Island
Tier II ? Response Resources additionally from Other Sources in Russia
Tier III ? Response Resources from international sources (OSRL/EARL)
Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment
Ecoshelf Ltd. ?
??

Sakhalin is key part of the Sakhalin Regional Response
Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment
Sakhalin Island Environment
Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment
Sakhalin Island =Harsh

Meteorological Conditions ‑ Precipitation??
Average Annual Precipitation: 60cm??
Greatest Precipitation Occurs in October??
Greatest: 6.4 cm in 12 hour period and 3 cm in 1 hour.
??
Fog ? 80 days per year.
Icing in winter.
??
Tides??
Tides almost entirely diurnal (1 high tide and 1 low tide per day)??
Some variation (semi‑diurnal)

??
Normal Height 1‑2m, occasional 3‑4m??
Influence on offshore currents??
Extreme Tidal Currents in Coastal Bay Entrances
Water Currents
Regional??Offshore: 0.5‑1.2 knots to the south. Currents may split, meander, and may form vortexes.
With high winds in summer, current reversals are possible.
??Coastal Bay Entrances: 1‑4 knots tidal currents.
Water Currents ‑ Local??Offshore/Molikpaq ?
??Coastal ? Wind/wave driven long‑shore currents??Coastal Bay Entrance ? 1‑4 knots, sometimes very localized and complex, mostly tidal
driven.
??Coastal Bays ? variable, 1 ‑3 knots, influenced by (1) tides, (2) River Discharge, (3)Bathymetric Features and (4) Winds.
Wave Height??Summer Normal: 1‑3 m wave height??October‑December: 2‑4m wave height??Storm: 4‑8 m wave height??Typhoon/Cyclone Sea: 10‑11m wave height??Exposed shoreline ? surf, 2‑4m??Coastal Bay Entrance ‑ breaking wave zone, depending on weather, always present.
Sea Ice & Open Water Periods

Coastal/Nearshore Ice??Rivers Begin Freezing in October. Tym River typically +90% Ice Coverage by Late October.
??Ice formation in Coastal Bays Starts in Late October.

Typically +90% Ice Coverage byMid‑November. Entrances contain broken ice during flood tides, clears with ebb tide.

??Late April/Early May ?

Bays and Rivers Break‑up (approximately at the same time).
Environmental Sensitivities ? Why?
??Rich Diversity ? Birds, Mammals, Fish, Whales, and Breeding/Nesting Habitat??Concentrations ? 2 Million Seabirds Migrate through Area. Tens of Thousands to Hundredsof Thousands of Seals.
??Sensitivity ? Seabirds on Water, Seals on Haul outs, Pups on Ice in Winter??Rareness ? Red Book Species (Many)
Environmental Sensitivities ‑ Birds??
51 Species of Seabirds ? 2 million migrate through area in the spring & fall. Common
Murre most common.
??
10 Red Book species.
??
Shoreline ? Seabirds, Waders, and Eagles.

??
Coastal Bays ? Seabirds, Waders, Shorebirds, and Eagles.

Environmental Sensitivities ‑ Fish??Pollack, Herring, Sturgeon, Smelt, Salmon, Navaga, Flounder, Sculpin.
??Herring Spawning in Bays. Juvenile fish of many species rear in the Bays.
??Salmon ? migrate through the Bays, Spawn in Rivers. Main concentrations in mid to latesummer.
??Commercial Fishing ? Primarily Piltun, Chayvo, and Nyyski Bays,Environmental Sensitivities ‑ Pinnipeds??True Seals ‑ Ringed, Bearded, Ribbon, and Spotted Seals??Eared Seals ‑ Steller s Sea Lion and Northern Fur Seals??Migrate north and south direction through project area??Ringed Seals pup on shore‑fast ice within 30 km of shoreline beginning April.
??Haul outs on Shoreline, large concentrations of Spotted Seals at coastal bay entrances??Tyuleniy Island ? Extremely Large Pinniped Colonies
Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment??
Barrier Shorelines [Beaches]??
Extensive Salt Water Bay & Marshes??
Narrow Bay Entrances
Shorelines??Outer Shoreline, Project Area ? gentle sloping, high‑energy sandy intertidal beaches,
small amount of pebbles. Back‑beach areas both low grass meadows and some steep eroded
bluffs.
??Outer Shoreline, South of Project ? also has boulder/cobble and rock outcrops.
??Coastal Lagoons ? mostly low energy sand and marsh.
??Small peat shoreline areas observed.
Barrier Beaches
Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment??
Shoreline Ranking ? Sandy Beaches are a low priority which are fairly easily cleaned ‑‑NOAA system??
Response plan is to protect the sensitive Bays at their entrances
Coastal Bays ?
MOST SENSITIVE ZONES?? Remote, most difficult to get to.

Road access extremely limited and primitive. Nosupport.
?? Very Shallow?? Narrow, highly dynamic entrances. 1‑4 knot tidal currents, breaking waves at entrances.
?? Entrances have high concentration of fish, seals and birds.
?? Interior areas have expansive sea grass beds.

?? Interior has expansive marshy, low energy shorelines.
?? Bird and fish habitat, commercial fishing, fishing camps.
?? World‑class northern estuary systems.

Coastal Bays??Piltun Bay ? Slightly north of Molikpaq Latitude. Remote, difficult access. Impact would
depend on current direction. Current mostly to south. When current is to north, impact
could be within 20 hours.
??Chayvo Bay ? Slightly South of Molikpaq Latitude ? Most likely to be impacted. Potential
impact within 24‑36 hours.
??Nyyski Bay (2 Entrances, plus storm overflows). Potential impact within 36‑48 hours.
??Nabil Bay ? One entrance, fair access. Personnel transfer vessel dock. Potential impact
within 48‑72 hours.
??Lunskyi Bay ? One entrance, narrow. Potential impact within 72‑96 hours.
内 湾?? ピルトン湾 − モリクパックの少し北に位置する。遠隔地のためアクセスが困難。海流の方向により影響が異なる。海流はほとんどの場合、南向き。北向きの場合 20時間以内に影響を受ける可能性がある。
?? チャイウォ湾 − モリクパックの少し南に位置する − 最も影響を受けやすい地域。24〜36時間以内に影響を受ける可能性がある。
?? ニースキー湾（湾口2カ所、嵐により氾濫の恐れあり）36〜48時間以内に影響を受ける可能性がある。
?? ナビル湾 − 湾口1カ所、アクセス条件は良好。要員輸送船用の埠頭がある。48〜72時間以内に影響を受ける可能性がある。
?? ルンスキー湾 − 湾口1カ所、狭い。72〜96時間以内に影響を受ける可能性がある。
Sensitive Bay Environments

Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment
Ecoshelf Ltd. ‑ Sakhalin
Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment? 1 s t Ecoshelf Contracts Written in 1997

Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment??
Ecoshelf Capable of Immediate Tier 1 & Rapid Tier 2 Response?Off‑Shore ‑ Open Ocean??
Near‑Shore & Shoreline??
On‑ShoreOSRVOffshore Spill Response Vessel (OSRV)??Neftegas Class Vessel ? 80m long x 16.3m breadth

Norwegian Oil Trawl System

OSRV J Configuration with Sweep
RoSweep & Desmi 250
Desmi, Sweep Boom & ArmOSRV Single/Double Sweep Configurations
Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment
SEIC and ENL Equipment
Mechanical Response??2Kvichak
Aluminum Work Vessels ? 8.5m, Radar, Twin 150 HP Outboard Engine, Comms
SEIC and ENL Equipment
Mechanical Response??Over 3600 meters of Bay Protection Containment Boom??Anchor Systems, Line, Buoys, Shackles??6 Small Bay Skimmers??2 Small Oleophilic Skimmers??Over 2500 meters of Oleophilic Boom??Over 34 Portable Storage Tanks (7.5m3), Pumps, Hoses??Maintenance and Repair Tools, Spare Parts, Safety Gear, Lubs, etc.
??Trucks, Trailers, Lift Harnesses, Fuel Tanks??Communications ? Fixed Base Station, Vessel s, Portable, and Repeaters
Coastal Bay Protection Systems??Original Coastal Bay Resources for Protection of 1 Bay Entrance.
??Expansion for 1.5 Entrances with Purchase of Additional Boom.

Possibly 2 entrances withfavorable weather and logistics conditions. Determined based on duration time for oil
to impact bays and time duration for transportation of Tier II/III Equipment.

??Full Protection is Not Feasible ?

Tidal currents and Width of Entrances prevent full boomprotection of the Coastal Bays
Coastal Bay Protection??OSR Bay Protection Equipment owned by both SEIC/ENL ‑ Sharing Agreement??Stored and Maintained at SEIC Nogliki Base??Inventory in OSR Plan and Updated Annually??Strategies developed and refined since 1997??Training and Deployment Exercises Every Year??Continual Logistics and Operational Review and Improvement

Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin

Protecting the Environment??Growth of Organization??Small organization in 1997??Several hundred personnel during the active season in 2001

Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment
Ecoshelf Tier 1 Support Provides??
Home Office ‑ Yuzhno‑Sakhalinsk??
Support Base ‑ Korsakov??
Support Base & Office ‑ Nogliki??
Support Base ‑ Vladivostok??
Support Base ? Nahodka??
Support Base ? Dekastri

Equipment Staging

Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment
Nearshore / Onshore Equipment
Kvichaks
Kvichak Deploying Boom
Rope Mops & Spate Pumps
Lowe Skiffs Deploy Boom
Airboats

Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment? Tier 2 Support Provides Access to Ecoshelf‑Sakhalin Founders??Sakhalin Basin Salvage Authority ‑ SakhBASU??World Environmental Service Technologies ‑ WEST LLC.
??State Marine Pollution Control, Salvage & Rescue Admin. ‑ SMPCSRA ‑ Moscow??Far East Salvage Authority ‑ DVBASU
Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment??
Extensive Open Ocean Equipment??
2 Transrec 250 s ‑ 250 Tons/hour each??
4 Desmi 250 s ‑80 Tons/hour each??
4 Walosep 2 s ‑60 Tons/hour each??
Value in excess of $2 million USD
Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment??
Access to Additional Equipment??
Extensive Open Ocean Equipment??
Nofi Trawl PL‑1000??
Ocean Boom ‑ 800 meters??
Framo Lightering System??
Value in excess of $1 million USD
Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment??
Sakhalin Basin Salvage Authority ‑ SakhBASU??
Provides Additional Expert Personnel??
Access to Additional Equipment??
Access to Additional Vessels??
Facilities ‑ Korsakov & Nogliki
Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment??
World Environmental Service Technologies ‑ WEST LLC.
??
International Experience??
Arctic / sub‑Arctic spill experience??
Large Spill Experience ‑ Open Ocean & Land??
Extensive Co‑op Experience??
Access to World Resources
Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment??
Far East Salvage Authority ‑ DVBASU??
Provides Additional Expert Personnel??
Access to Additional Equipment??
Access to Additional Vessels

Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment??
Ecoshelf Tier 3 Capable??
Russian Federation Equipment??
Komi Response Equipment??
Other Russian Federation Equipment??
OSRL / EARL??
Japan

Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin

Protecting the Environment??State Marine Pollution Control, Salvage & Rescue Administration ‑ SMPSRA??Provides Russian Federation Support??Access to State Personnel??Access to State Equipment
Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment??
Off‑Shore ‑ Open Ocean? Reserve Equipment??
2 Specialized OSRV s ‑ Neftegas Class??
Kalar & Irbis??
4 Salvage Tugs??
Other Specialized vessels??
Mizar ‑ Fast Boom Layer??
SPA‑004 ‑ Landing & Shimming Barge??
Trias ‑ Seismic & Skimming Vessel

OSR Equipment
Non‑MechanicalNogliki Dispersant & Spray Arm
Ecoshelf ‑ Sakhalin
Protecting the Environment??
On‑Shore ‑ Nogliki??
10 man key person core group??
75 man response team??Ecoshelf/SakhBASU Support Base ‑ Nogliki??
River Tug??
Dispersant Systems??
Motorized Land Equipment
Field Personnel ? Nogliki & OSRV
Crew Meeting
Management Personnel