Long-term Forest Observation, Data Sharing andFuture Extensions in Japan
Masae Ishihara & Tsutomu Enoki(Kyoto University and Kyushu University, Japan)1Forest research network
developing to broader networks & projects
Three examples(1) Monitoring 1000 project
Biodiversity and function & Top-down network(2) ReSIN
Nutrient cycling & Bottom-up network(3) Allometry database
Biomass & Non-funded personal collaboration
Data sharing: data paper and database
Capacity building: training course2

Monitoring sites 1000 project

Tree species richness ( ha-1)•60•

P < 0.001
r2 = 0.5440•20•

Program by the Ministry of
the Environment, JapanSince 2004 until 2104?
58 forest plots
1 ha
Tree census & litter traps
ground beetle

0

•

5

101520Mean annual temperature (℃)

3Monitoring sites 1000 project
Tree census

Litter trap

Ground beetle
353 tree species
60,166 trees

Uniform protocols
4Climate change and vegetation shift in Japan?
Alpine vegetation
Subalpine & Boreal
forests
Cool temperate
forests
Warm temperate
forests

5

An example of usage of monitoring data
to detect changing biodiversity
寒冷な森林で常緑広葉樹が増加傾向
Old-growthforests

Forest types
SecondaryOld-growthSecondaryforests

Secondaryforests
Old-growthforests

Evergreen tree species
have increased
in cooler forestsin past 10 years
Warming+Underuse

Mean annual temperature（℃）
Suzuki SN, Ishihara MI and Hidaka A (2015) Regional-scale directional changes in abundance of tree species along a temperature gradientin Japan. Global Change Biology, 21: 3436–3444.

6

Data sharing
Web site

Data paper

7

Data paper• Peer-reviewed paper about data (data + metadata)• Authors should make data open to the public• Data will be archived with good meta data Long term preservation of data Enhance data usage for various purpose• User can use raw data by citing the data paper Authors get citation
Journals for ecology
Types of article: original articles,
review, data paper

Journals only for data paper89Data will be stored in archives of JaLTERResearch Network)

http://db.cger.nies.go.jp/JaLTER/ER_DataPapers/info(Japan Long Term Ecological10

Extension to a new project
Human impacts on the ecosystem services of East Asia throughbiodiversity degradation (S9-3)
2011～2016 Funded by the Ministry of the Environment, Japan

Diversity and ecosystem services
Tree functional traits database* (Masahiro Aiba, Hiroko Kurokawa, Yusuke Onoda)
maximum height, leaf mass per area (LMA), seed mass, wood density, leaf size*a measurable property of organisms that strongly influences organismal performanceJapan
21 sites 311 species(3004 samples)

Southeast Asia
5 area, 800 species

11Usage of the trait and demography datasetsfor global analysis
Nature 529:1–15 (2016)12

Forest research network
developing to broader networks & projects
Three examples(1) Monitoring 1000 project
Biodiversity and function & Top-down network(2) ReSIN
Nutrient cycling & Bottom-up network(3) Allometry database
Biomass & Non-funded personal collaboration
Data sharing: data paper and database
Capacity building: training course

13ReSIN(Regional and comparative Soil Incubaton Study on Nitrogendynamics in forest ecosystems)
Network research by researchers
Soil nitrogen dynamics
Biogeochemicall nitrogenproperties of forest soils
Uniform protocol
Effects of freeze-thaw cycles

Urakawa, R., H. Shibata, M. Kuroiwa, Y. Inagaki, R. Tateno, T. Hishi, K. Fukuzawa, K. Hirai, H. Toda, N. Oyanagi, M. Nakata, A. Nakanishi,K. Fukushima, T. Enoki, and Y. Suwa. 2014. Effects of freeze-thaw cycles resulting from winter climate change on soil nitrogen cycling14
inten temperate forest ecosystems throughout the Japanese archipelago. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 74:82–94.

Study about issues as climate change adaptation by using
environmental information in DIAS (Data Integration and Analysis
System)Data paper

Research paper

Data

ILTER portal

Data BaseDEIMS

Dynamic Ecological
Information ManagementSystemUrakawa, R. et al.. 2015. Biogeochemical nitrogen properties of forest soils in the Japanese archipelago. Ecological Research 30:1–2.
Urakawa, R., et al.. 2016. Factors contributing to soil nitrogen mineralization and nitrification rates of forest soils in the Japanese archipelago. Forest Ecology
and Management 361:382–396.

15

Extension to education
Expose young researchers to state-of-the-art approaches to analysis of nitrogen
cycling in ecosystems with a focus on key ecosystem processes andimplications for environmental pollution

16

Forest research network
developing to broader networks & projects
Three examples(1) Monitoring 1000 project
Biodiversity and function & Top-down network(2) ReSIN
Nutrient cycling & Bottom-up network(3) Allometry database
Biomass & Non-funded personal collaboration
Data sharing: data paper and database
Capacity building: training course

17Allometry database
Compiled tree biomass dataset

BAAD: Biomass And Allometry Database
19,752 trees, 645 species
259 locations

1,486 trees, 122 species
73 natural forests in Japan
1951-2010

Scientific paper
Grey literature

500

Root

Data paper

0.051051000

Aboveground

0.1

Estimated weight (kg)Generic equations to estimate
forest biomass in natural forests

0.1

1010000.05

5500

Observed weight (kg)Ishihara MI et al. (2015) Efficacy of generic allometric equations for estimating biomass: a test in Japanese natural forests. EcologicalApplications, 25: 1433-1446.
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Falster DS et al. (2015) BAAD: a Biomass And Allometry Database for woody plants. Ecology, 96: 1445.

Grey literature“materials and research produced by organizations outside of thetraditional commercial or academic publishing and distribution channels”“Grey literature may be difficult to discover, access and evaluate”(Wikipedia)

19Extension to models and remote sensing
Net Primary Productivity
Ground survey vs. Biosphere model BEAMS (Sasai et al. 2012).
NPP from groundsurvey ( the sum of tree
growth and litterfall)
was estimated fromgeneric allometricequations, Monitoring
1000 project.
Map shows NPP
estimated from
biosphere model
BEAMS.

Commonlocation,spatialresolution,
time period
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Long-term Forest Observation, Data Sharing
and Future Extensions in Asia
Network of sites under uniform protocols: Monitoring 1000, ReSIN
Compilation of existing data: Allometry database

Sharing data
Database and data paper

New projects, collaboration, researchLong-term forest plots in SEAsia surveyed by formalreference search (Ishihara et al. 2014)

Ishihara, M. I., et al.. 2014. Evaluating relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functions in forests using forest inventory data andallometry data. Pages 351–365 in S. Nakano, T. Yahara, and T. Nakashizuka, editors. Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Observation Network: 21
Integrative Observations and Assessments. Springer Japan.

National Forest Inventory Data
EU-Forest, a high-resolution tree occurrence dataset for Europe
Mauri A, Strona G & San-Miguel-Ayanz J (2017 Jan. 5)
Scientific Data (Nature Publishing Group) 4:160123 doi: 10.1038/sdata.2016.123

Aggregated to 1 km× 1 km
249,410 plots
588,983 occurrences of 242 species

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