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ISSN 1880-8468
Technical Report ofInternational Development EngineeringTRIDE-2014-02

May 9, 2014

Pandyaswargo Andante Hadi, Naoya Abe,
Franciscus Yunus
Participatory workshop on bottom – up study contributing
to the realization of Sustainable Development Goals:
Surabaya case study

Department of International Development Engineering, Graduate Schoolof Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
http://www.ide.titech.ac.jp/TR!

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Participatory workshop on bottom – up study contributing
to the realization of Sustainable Development Goals:
Surabaya case study

Pandyaswargo Andante Hadi1*, Naoya Abe1*, Franciscus Yunus2
1

Tokyo Institute of Technology
2
University of Surabaya*Tokyo Institute of Technology Dept. of International Development Engineering (IDE)
Graduate School of Science and Engineering I4-4, 2-12-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku,
Tokyo 152-8550, Japan Tel: +81-3-5734-3797, email: andante.hadi@ide.titech.ac.jp,
nabe@ide.titech.ac.jp!
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TABLE!OF!CONTENTS!
Table!and!figures!................................................................................................................!II!
Foreword!..........................................................................................................................!IV!
Preface!...............................................................................................................................!V!
Acknowledgements!...........................................................................................................!VI!
Abbreviations!...................................................................................................................!VII!
Executive!summary!.........................................................................................................!VIII!
MDG’s&in&Indonesia&............................................................................................................&VIII!
Surabaya&administrative&structure&.......................................................................................&X!
Key&issues&found&in&the&targeted&community&.......................................................................&XI!
Chapter!1!Targeted!community!overview!.........................................................................!12!
Chapter!2!Methodology!...................................................................................................!14!
Workshop&methodology&.....................................................................................................&14!
Analysis&methodology&.........................................................................................................&21!
Chapter!3!Results!and!discussions!....................................................................................!21!
Identified&priorities&in&correlation&with&participants’&attribute&...........................................&21!
diversity,&availability,&affordability,&and&quality&.................................................................&24!
System&literacy&....................................................................................................................&27!
Current&problems&and&future&goals&.....................................................................................&28!
The!way!forward!..............................................................................................................!29!
based&on&the&output&from&the&community&..........................................................................&29!
based&on&questionnaires&and&interview&with&policy&makers,&academias,&community&chiefs&
and&other&key&stakeholders&................................................................................................&29!
References!.......................................................................................................................!30!
Appendixes!.........................................................................................................................!i!
List&of&participants’&profile&......................................................................................................&i!
Quantitative&workshop&activities&output&..............................................................................&iii!
Quantified&outputs&...............................................................................................................&vii!

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Forced&field&analysis&posters&..................................................................................................&x!
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TABLE!AND!FIGURES!
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Table!1!Indonesian!national!programs!on!health,!poverty,!and!education!.............................!IX!
Table!2!Participants’!household!attributes!.............................................................................!13!
Table!3!Activities!of!the!first!day!participatory!workshop!......................................................!14!
Table!4!Excerpts!from!challenges!identification,!necessary!capacity!and!constraints!session!19!
Table!5!Variables!used!in!MCA!...............................................................................................!22!
Table!6!Female!groups!outcome!of!problems,!goals,!necessary!capacities,!and!constraints! 28!
Table!7!Male!groups!outcome!on!problems,!goals,!necessary!capacities,!and!constraints!...!28!
Table!8!Male!Priority!Identification!.........................................................................................!vii!
Table!9!Male!Availability,!Quality,!and!Affordability!...............................................................!vii!
Table!10!Male!Diversity!..........................................................................................................!viii!
Table!11!Female!Priority!Identification!..................................................................................!viii!
Table!12!Female!Availability,!Quality,!and!Affordability!...........................................................!ix!
Table!13!Female!Diversity!........................................................................................................!ix!
Table!14!Questionnaire!to!key!stakeholders!page!1!(translated!into!English!from!its!original!
language!Bahasa!Indonesia)!.............................................................................................!xi!
Table!15!Questionnaire!to!key!stakeholders!page!2!(translated!into!English!from!its!original!
language!Bahasa!Indonesia)!............................................................................................!xii!
Table!16!Questionnaire!to!key!stakeholders!page!2!(translated!into!English!from!its!original!
language!Bahasa!Indonesia)!...........................................................................................!xiii!
Table!17!Output!summary!of!Key!Stakeholder!questionnaire!page!1!....................................!xiv!
Table!18!Output!summary!of!Key!Stakeholder!questionnaire!page!2!.....................................!xv!
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Figure!1!Framework!of!Post!2015!research!project!................................................................!IV!
Figure!2!Surabaya!administrative!structure!.............................................................................!X!

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Figure!3!Location!of!Surabaya!city!in!Indonesia!.....................................................................!12!
Figure!4!Eviction!area!and!flat!location!..................................................................................!13!
Figure!5!Activities!of!the!second!day!participatory!workshop!...............................................!14!
Figure!6!Methodology!framework!..........................................................................................!15!
Figure!7!Priority!identification!poster!.....................................................................................!16!
Figure!8!Diversity!identification!sheet!....................................................................................!17!
Figure!9!Availability!and!affordability!poster!.........................................................................!17!
Figure!10!System!mapping!drawn!by!one!of!the!male!groups!...............................................!18!
Figure!11!Problem!identification!notes!..................................................................................!19!
Figure!12!Forced_field!analysis!board!.....................................................................................!20!
Figure!13!Workshop!framework!.............................................................................................!21!
Figure!14!Priority!identification!results!..................................................................................!22!
Figure!15!MCA!plot!of!male!participants!priority!...................................................................!23!
Figure!16!MCA!plot!of!female!priorities!.................................................................................!24!
Figure!17!Water!use!priority!and!diversity!.............................................................................!25!
Figure!18!Availability,!affordability,!and!quality!results!.........................................................!25!
Figure!19!Employment!priority!and!diversity!.........................................................................!26!
Figure!20!Food!priority!and!diversity!......................................................................................!26!
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III!

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Integration and Goalsetting

Theme 2

Theme 3

Proposals of "Beyond GDP"
goals and indicators

Goals and indicators interms of development

Sub theme 1

Sub theme 1

Analysis of "Beyond GDP"
goals and indicators

Proposals of post MDGs andindicators in education

Sub theme 2
Proposals of goals andindicators to achieve
development and growthwithin resource andenvironmental boundaries

Sub theme 3!

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Consideration of boundaries
from the perspective ofearth systems (mineral)

Theme 4Governance architecture forsustainable development
goals

Sub theme 2
Proposals of post millenium
development goals andindicators in health, wellbeing and sanitation

Sub theme 4
Consideration of boundaries
from the eperspective ofEarth systems (biological)!

Sub theme 2
Consideration of UN-based
governance architecture forsustainable development

Sub theme 3
Proposals of post MDGs in
the context of economic
development!
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Sub theme 1
Consideration of multilevelgovernance for
implementation ofsustainable development
goals

Sub theme 3
Consideration of effective
funding mechanisms

Sub theme 4
Proposals of post MDGs in
the context of society's need
for water and energy, etc!
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focusing! on! Bottom! –! up! study! contributing! to! the! realization! of! Sustainable! Development!
Goals.!A!detailed!framework!of!themes!and!sub!themes!is!shown!by!figure!1.!!

PREFACE!
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The! specific! background! of! our! study! is! the! existence! of! challenges! within! the! Millennium!
Development!Goals!(MDGs)!including:!
1. The! abstract! and! various! definition! of! sustainable! development! have! led! to! lack! of!
concreteness!in!the!implementation!
2. Different!level!of!quality!standards!among!countries!!
3. The!“one_fits_all”!approach!is!not!suitable!to!facilitate!the!various!conditions!in!the!
different!countries!and!individuals.!
4. The!existence!of!gaps!between!goals!and!the!reality!in!the!society.!
The!specific!aims!of!our!study!are:!
1. Contribution! to! the! development! of! strategy! for! development! goals! that! is! able! to!
represent! the! society’s! actual! need! and! bringing! this! idea! to! national! and!
international!discussion.!
2. With!understanding!of!the!importance!of!capacity!development!in!the!post!MDGs,!
this! research! is! aimed! to! contribute! to! the! formulation! of! capacity! evaluation! and!
monitoring!strategies.!
This!research!is!also!hoped!to!give!an!opportunity!for!our!respondents!and!research!partners!
to!voice!their!opinion!on!past!reflection,!current!challenges,!future!needs!and!visions!of!their!
life.! This! will! in! turn,! provide! the! basis! for! initiating! effective! action! plan! for! capacity!
development!in!part!of!achieving!development!goals.!
To!provide!a!good!understanding!on!the!needs!and!challenges!at!the!“bottom”!the!study!is!
utilize! the! participatory! workshop! approach.! Participatory! workshop! is! an! approach! that!
allow!where!a!number!of!people!from!a!certain!community!actively!voice!their!opinion.!The!
workshop! takes! 4! days! each! time.! It! is! planned! to! be! conducted! in! three! developing!
countries,! once! every! year,! and! to! be! maintained! for! duration! of! 3! years.! This! particular!
report!covers!the!findings!from!the!first!workshop!in!Surabaya!City,!Indonesia.!
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS!
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This!report!is!written!as!part!of!POST!2015!project!funded!by!the!Ministry!of!Environment!of!
Japan.! The! report! is! prepared! by! Andante! Hadi! Pandyaswargo,! Assistant! Professor,!
International! Development! Engineering,! Tokyo! Institute! of! Technology;! Naoya! Abe,!
Associate!Professor,!International!Development!Engineering,!Tokyo!Institute!of!Technology,!
and! Yunus! Franciscus,! Head,! Center! for! Environment! Studies,! University! of! Surabaya.!
Significant! support! and! contributions! to! the! report! were! provided! by! Ryoya! Suehara,!
Master’s! student,! International! Development! Engineering,! Tokyo! Institute! of! Technology;!
Dian! Noeswantari;! Fitri! Dwi! Kartikasari;! Irma! Vania! Oesmani;! Inge! Christanti;! and! Tuani!
Lidiawati!from!University!of!Surabaya.!!
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ABBREVIATIONS!
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MDG’s! !
IDR! !
JPY! !
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NC!!
POST!2015!
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PSL! !
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PWS! !
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Rusun!
RT!
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RW!
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LPG!
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UPTD!
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TNP2K!

Millennium!Development!Goals!
Indonesian!Rupiah!
Japanese!Yen!
!
Necessary!Capacities!!
Project!on!sustainability!
transformation!beyond!2015!
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Pusat!Studi!Lingkungan!!
(Center!of!Environment!Studies)!
Participatory!Workshop!!
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Rumah!Susun!(Flats)!
Rukun!Tetangga!(Neighborhood!
Association)!
Rukun!Warga!(Community!
Association)!
Liquefied!Petroleum!Gas!
!
Unit!Pelaksana!Teknis!Daerah!
(Regional!Technical!Unit)!
Office!of!Indonesian!progress!on!
poverty!reduction!acceleration!
program!

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EXECUTIVE!SUMMARY!
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MDG’S!IN!INDONESIA!
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Many! countries! have! been! quite! late! in! taking! measures! and! policies! as! part! of! the! MDG!
adaptation.! Some! of! the! reasons! were! fear! of! the! government_in_power! that! they! will! be!
criticized!if!they!could!not!meet!their!set!goals!2,!or!merely!because!it!took!some!time!for!the!
country!to!gain!awareness!after!being!motivated!by!their!development!partners!such!as!the!
UNDP3.! Awareness! improved! as! the! MDG! national! reports! become! available! and! brought!
together! many! development! communities.! Indonesia! is! no! exception! in! this! matter.! In! the!
past!several!years,!ambitious!goals!and!acceleration!programs!on!poverty,!quality!education,!
gender! equality,! maternal! health,! child! mortality,! communicable! diseases,! environmental!
sustainability!and!global!partnership!have!been!embedded!in!the!national!goals.!There!are!
many! measures,! including! the! TNP2K! (office! of! Indonesian! progress! on! poverty! reduction!
acceleration!program)4!and!office!of!the!president’s!special!envoy!on!MDG’s!that!have!been!
undertaken!to!accelerate!the!achievement!of!development!goals.!!
Susilo!Bambang!Yudhoyono,!who!was!elected!as!the!president!of!Indonesia!in!2004!(later!on!
re_elected!in!2009)!was!appointed!as!the!co_chair!of!the!MDG!High!Level!Panel!in!June!2012!
during! the! Rio+20! for! his! green! initiatives.! There! were! a! number! of! schemes! introduced!
during!his!governance!(2004!–!present)!including!the!ASKESKIN,!which!is!later!changed!name!
to! JAMKESMAS,! RASKIN,! KPS,! Program! Keluarga! Harapan,! BOS,! BSM,! PNPM,! and! KUR.!!
JAMKESMAS! (abbreviated! from& Jaminan& Kesehatan& Masyarakat)! is! a! tax_funded! insurance!
targeting! the! poor! and! near! poor5.! RASKIN! (abbreviated! from! beras& miskin)! is! subsidy! for!
food! to! increase! rice! affordability! by! the! poor! family 6 .! KPS! (abbreviated! from! Kartu&
Perlindungan& Sosial)! is! a! Social! Protection! Card! distributed! to! the! poor! to! identify! their!
eligibility! to! have! access! to! RASKIN! and! BLSM! (abbreviated! from! Bantuan& Langsung&
Sementara)!or!the!unconditional!cash!transfer7.!PNPM!(abbreviated!from!Program&Nasional&
Pemberdayaan& Masyarakat)! is! a! national! program! for! community! empowerment.! Within!
PNPM! program,! there! are! sub! programs! to! handle! specific! issues! in! communities! such! as!
improvement! of! community! participation! in! rural! development! programs,! infrastructure!
rehabilitation! and! reconstruction! programs,! maternal! and! child! health! programs,! and!
housing!program8.!BOS!(abbreviated!from!Bantuan&Operasional&Sekolah)!and!BSM!(Bantuan&
Siswa& Miskin)! are! subsidies! for! poor! children’s! education.! KUR! (abbreviated! from! Kredit&
Usaha& Rakyat)! is! government! micro! credit! program! intended! to! provide! the! poor! with!
access! to! affordable! credit9.! Due! to! the! voluntary! nature! of! MDG,! Indonesia! MDG! Awards!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

2!(Chatterjee,!2013)!
!(Joshi,!2013)!
4!(Nazara,!2013)!
5!(ILO,!2012)!
6!(Bureau!of!Logistics,!2010)!
7!(Nazara,!2013)!
8!(TNP2K)!
9!(Coordinating!ministry!for!the!economy,!2013)!
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VIII!

was!held!in!2012!to!acknowledge!programs!that!has!been!dedicated!and!contributed!to!the!
acceleration!of!the!national!efforts!to!achieve!the!health!improvement!MDG!target.!Among!
which! is,! “The! Nusantara! Enlightenment”! who! send! teams! of! doctors,! nurses! and!
paramedics!to!remote!villages,!a!replication!of!the!successful!program!“Indonesia!Teaches”!
where! young! Indonesians! are! recruited! and! trained! to! work! as! teachers! in! remote!
provinces10.! The! president! also! established! a! special! envoy! office! especially! appointed! for!
the! achievement! of! MDG! and! post! MDG! 2015.! He! declared! in! a! number! of! opportunities!
about!his!optimistic!view!that!Indonesia!will!be!able!to!achieve!the!goals!in!time!including!at!
the! opening! of! regional! meeting! and! stakeholder! consultation! on! the! post_2015!
development!agenda!in!Bali!201211.!
Table!1!Indonesian!national!programs!on!health,!poverty,!and!education!!

Scheme!name!abbreviation!
JAMKESMAS!
KPS!

RASKIN!

BLSM!
PNPM!

Scheme!name!in!Bahasa!
Scheme!purposes!and!targets!!
Jaminan!Kesehatan!Masyarakat! Tax_funded! insurance! targeting!
the!poor!and!near!poor!
Kartu&Perlindungan&Sosial!
Social!
Protection!
Card!
distributed! to! the! poor! to!
identify! their! eligibility! to! have!
access!to!RASKIN!and!BLSM!
Beras&miskin!
Subsidy! for! food! to! increase!
rice! affordability! by! the! poor!
family!
Bantuan&Langsung&Sementara!
Unconditional!cash!transfer!

BOS!

Program&Nasional&
Pemberdayaan&Masyarakat!
Bantuan&Operasional&Sekolah!

BSM!

Bantuan&Siswa&Miskin!

KUR!

Kredit&Usaha&Rakyat&

National!program!for!
community!empowerment!
Subsidies!for!school!
operational!costs!
Subsidies! for! poor! children’s!
education!
Government! micro! credit!
program! intended! to! provide!
the! poor! with! access! to!
affordable!credit!

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According! to! the! ADB’s! Asia! Pacific! MDG! report! 2013,! Indonesia! indeed! would! be! an! early!
achiever! some! of! the! MDG! goals! including!reducing! the! 1.25! USD/day! poverty,!enrollment!
and!completion!in!primary!education,!gender!equality!in!primary!and!secondary!education,!
reducing! tuberculosis! incidence! and! its! prevalence,! and! preserving! the! protected! area.!
Indonesia!is!also!on!track!with!the!gender!equality!in!tertiary!education,!improving!mortality!
of! children! under! 5! years! old,! providing! skilled! birth! attendance,! antenatal! care! and! safe!
drinking! water.! However,! it! is! quite! slow! in! improving! the! country! line! poverty,! reducing!
underweight!children,!providing!quality!education,!improving!maternal!and!infant!mortality,!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
10!(antaranews,!2013)!
!(Yudhoyono,!2012)!

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stopping!HIV!prevalence,!reducing!CO2!emissions!per!GDP!and!proving!basic!sanitation.!One!
of!the!goals!is!actually!going!in!the!opposite!direction,!which!is!forest!recovery12.!!
Deforestation! has! been! a! long! major! problem! in! Indonesia.! Biomass! burning! in! Indonesian!
forests!is!not!only!the!main!source!of!Indonesian!CO2!emission,!but!it!has!also!caused!haze!
problems! to! neighboring! countries! such! as! Singapore! and! Malaysia.! The! deforestation! has!
also!threatened!the!life!of!the!Indonesian!indigenous!endangered!species,!the!orangutans.!
Measures! such! as! the! establishment! of! REDD+! agency! and! banning! on! the! clearing! of!
tropical!forests!in!Indonesia!have!been!taken!to!tackle!deforestation13.!
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SURABAYA!ADMINISTRATIVE!STRUCTURE!
Indonesia! has! 34! provinces.! A! province! is! subdivided! into!regencies! (kabupaten)! and! cities!
(kota).! There! are! 29! regencies! and! 9! cities! in! East! Java! Province.! Surabaya! is! one! of! the! 9!
cities,! as! well! as! the! capital! city! of! East! Java.! Surabaya! province! is! further! divided! into! 31!
districts! (kecamatan).! These! districts! are! grouped! into! 5! areas;! Central! Surabaya,! East!
Surabaya,!West!Surabaya,!North!Surabaya!and!South!Surabaya.!Each!district!is!then!divided!
into! administrative! villages! (kelurahan).! Village! is! the! lowest! level! of! government!
administrative! in! Indonesia.! A! village! is! made! of! RukunYWarga! or! RT! (community! groups)!
and!RT!is!made!of!RukunYTetangga!or!RT!(neighborhood!groups).!Figure!2!summarizes!the!
administrative!structure!of!Surabaya.!
Republic!of!
Indonesia!

Surabaya!
City!
Central!
Surabaya!

East!
Surabaya!

4!districts!

Rungkut!
district!

East!Java!

33!other!
provinces!

8!other!
Cities!

29!regencies!

West!
Surabaya!

North!
Surabaya!

South!
Surabaya!

7!other!
districts!

7!districts!

6!districts!

RT!IV!

RT!V!

RT!VI!

8!districts!

Penjaringan
sari!village!
Several!
other!RW!
RT!I!

RT!II!

households!

RW!

RT!III!

households!

households!

households!

households!

households!

!

Figure!2!Surabaya!administrative!structure!

The! community! participated! in! the! workshop! held! for! this! study! belongs! to! an! RW! under!
Penjaringansari! administrative! village.! Participants! were! selected! randomly! from! the! 6! RTs!
under!this!RW.!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
12!(UN_ESCAP,!ADB,!UNDP,!2013)!
!(CIFOR,!2013)!

13

!

X!

KEY!ISSUES!FOUND!IN!THE!TARGETED!COMMUNITY!
One! of! the! main! outcomes! from! the! workshop! was! the! identification! of! the! key! issues!
existing! in! the! community.! ! These! were! agreed! by! majority! of! the! participants! in! the!
workshop! through! hearing! individual! voices,! group! discussion,! and! voting! to! see! if! these!
were!indeed!represents!majority!opinion!of!the!participants.!
1. Low!quality!of!water!supply!due!to!low!quality!of!the!sources!and/or!the!cleanliness!
of!the!storage!tank!in!each!flat.!!!
2. Blocked!gutter!of!the!sewage!causing!unpleasant!smell!and!related!diseases!!
3. Non_separated!waste,!!
4. Unstable!income!
5. Lack! of! communication! and! harmony! within! the! community! and! between! the!
residents!the!community!leaders!
Although!it!was!not!the!majority!of!the!voice,!there!were!also!some!issues!raised!on!the!
problem!of!using!Liquefied!Petroleum!Gas!(LPG).!!
Box!1!Indonesian!Government!Project!on!LPG!conversion!
WLPGA!(World!Liquefied!Petroleum!Gas!Association)!together!with!the!United!Nations!
promoted! energy! conversion! program! called! “cooking! for! life”.! There! have! been!
several! initiatives! around! the! world! to! encourage! the! use! of! LPG! in! domestic!
application;! one! of! these! was! in! Indonesia,! which! started! in! 2007.! The! program! was!
mainly! to! reduce! the! heavy! subsidy! to! kerosene! and! to! solve! the! problem! of!
inappropriate! subsidy! beneficiaries! such! as! the! industry! and! smuggling! of! subsidized!
kerosene.!There!were!50,000,000!end!user!of!kerosene!and!the!project!was!to!convert!
all!of!them!into!using!LPG.!
The!project!took!off!from!a!rough!path!due!to!asymmetry!of!information!and!different!
interest! of! stakeholders.! Demonstration! across! the! country! occurred! in! May! 2007.!
Inflation! occurred! as! the! kerosene! was! withdrawn! from! the! market.! Kerosene! price!
increased!by!1.5!to!2!times!of!the!original!price.!The!inflation!rate!in!2008!was!11.6%,!
and! 1.16! of! it! was! caused! by! the! scarcity! of! LPG.! ! By! providing! buffer! and! better!
socialization!and!workshops!about!the!project,!these!problems!were!solved.!
Although! the! initial! problems! have! been! addressed,! the! challenges! in! of! safety!
assurance! and! meeting! increasing! demand! would! be! expected.! To! overcome! those!
expected!challenges,!the!following!measures!should!be!taken:!
1.!Safety!and!product!specification!has!to!be!assured!through!value!chains!
2.! Audit! to! implement! good! safety! practice! in! all! distribution! node! and! held! best!
practice!workshop!with!all!stakeholders!for!improvements!periodically!
source:!(PT!Pertamina!&!World!LP!Gas!Association,!2012)!

!

XI!

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CHAPTER!2!METHODOLOGY!
!

WORKSHOP!METHODOLOGY!

!To! respond! to! the! diversity! of! society’s! different! level! of! development,! participatory!
workshop! (PWS)! was! selected! to! accommodate! multiple! aspirations.! The! approach! of!
bottom_up! as! the! main! approach! is! important! because! it! allows! the! targeted! group! of!
people!at!the!lower!income!level!to!express!their!ideas!and!concerns.!This!methodology!was!
chosen!in!hope!for!better!representation!and!implementation!of!MDGs!post!2015!especially!
of! the! developing! countries.! During! PWS,! both! parties! (facilitators! and! participants)! can!
discuss,!exchange!information,!and!get!deeper!understanding!of!MDGs.!This!includes,!better!
understanding! regarding! the! communities’! opinion! on! the! impact! of! the! past! MDG,! main!
current! challenges! and! future! visions! on! the! upcoming! Sustainable! Development! Goals!
(SDGs).! Each! workshop! was! conducted! for! 2! days! for! each! gender! group.! The! workshop! is!
planned! to! conduct! once! every! year! until! the! year! 2015! for! monitoring! of! any! changes! of!
capacity!in!the!community.!
Table!3!Activities!of!the!first!day!participatory!workshop!

Time!
Activity!
9:00$–!9:15!
Quiz%time!
9:15%–!10:15!
Capacity(and(constraints!
10:15%–!10:30!
Coffee%break!
10:30%–!10:45!
Voting'session'(tentative)'!
10:45&–!11:00!
Workshop(evaluation(!
11:00$–!11:15!
Closing(and(winner(announcement!
Figure!5!shows!the!methodology!framework!of!the!participatory!workshop.!Activities!within!
the! workshop! represents! four! steps;! collection,! selection,! analysis,! and! conclusion.! The!
inputs! are! merely! some! general! topics! brought! up! within! the! MDG! and! the! outputs! are!
necessary! capacities,! supporting! policies,! desired! future,! goals,! target,! challenges! and!
constraints!that!the!community!either!face!or!need.!
Figure!5!Activities!of!the!second!day!participatory!workshop!

Time!
8:30%–!9:00!
9:00$–!10:00!
10:00$–!10:15!
10:15%–!11:15!
11:15$–!12:00!
12:00%–!13:00%!
13:00%–!14:00!
14:00%–!14:15!
14:15%–!14:30!
14:30&–!14:45!
!

Activity!
Reception!
Opening!
Coffee%break!
Priority,(diversity(and(literacy(observation!
Availability,*affordability,*and*quality*assessment'!
Lunch&break!
Current'challenges'identification!
Coffee%break!!
Goal%confirmation!
Closing(and(evaluation!
14!

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Session!1.!Introduction!
In! this! session,! participants! were! introduced! with! the! aim! of! the! PWS.! Community! leaders!
were! also! invited! to! the! venue! to! encourage! participants! in! expressing! their! voices.!
Introduction!of!the!tools!and!necessary!explanation!to!get!familiar!with!the!facilitators!and!
the! organizers! were! also! presented! to! ensure! a! friendly! and! relaxed! atmosphere,! at! the!
same!time,!to!emphasize!importance!this!PWS.!!
Session!2.!Priority,!diversity,!availability,!affordability,!and!quality!identification!
The! first! activity! was! to! identify! the! priority! of! importance! according! to! each! participant!
regarding! the! topics! in! MDG.! A! space! for! “other”! topics! were! also! given! incase! the!
participants!think!that!there!are!other!topic!that!is!more!important!but!are!not!represented!
in!the!MDG.!!
!
!
!
!
!
!

!
1!
2!
3!

Please!rate!the!following!topics!according!to!your!priority!
Waste!
Water!
Food!
Energy!
Employment!
Management!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

!

!

!

!

Others!
!
!
!

Figure!7!Priority!identification!poster!

In! figure! 6,! participants! were! asked! to! vote! their! 1st,! 2nd,! and! 3rd! priority! of! the! presented!
topics! in! terms! of! their! importance! in! the! daily! lives.! The! options! are,! water,! waste!
management,! food,! energy,! employment! and! others.! Each! participant! has! a! number!
associated!to!him!or!her!and!each!of!them!belongs!to!a!certain!group!color.!In!other!words,!
everyone!is!number!and!color_coded.!The!participants!were!distributed!with!rounded!color!
stickers!with!their!numbers!written!on!each!sticker.!In!this!way,!their!answers!can!be!tracked!
and! identified.! This! will! in! turn,! help! us! to! understand! the! association! of! a! certain!
participant’s!profile!and!their!answers.!!
The!second!activity!in!session!2!covered!the!topic!of!diversity.! This!is!a!follow!up!activities!
from!the!previous!activity!on!priority!identification.!After!the!priorities!are!identified,!the!top!
three! topics! were! selected.! Unlike! in! the! previous! activitiy,! the! diversity! identification!
activity! was! done! in! smaller! groups! to! encourage! discussions! among! participants.!
Participants! were! asked! to! elaborate! the! diversity! within! the! topics! and! again! to! rank! the!
priority! of! each! item.! For! example,! in! food,! the! diversity! identified! in! Penjaringansari!
community!was!Rice,!Tofu!and!tempeh,!vegetables,!fruits,!and!snacks.!In!employment,!the!
!

16!

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Session!3.!System!mapping!!
In!session!3,!participants!were!asked!to!draw!a!map!of!their!neighborhood!that!explains!the!
flow!of!their!prioritized!topics.!For!example,!where!the!water!is!coming!from,!what!kind!of!
activities!in!their!house!that!requires!water,!and!where!the!wastewater!is!going.!They!had!to!
do! this! activity! in! groups! so! that! they! were! able! to! brainstorm! and! analyze! the! systems! in!
within!their!vicinity.!The!point!of!this!activity!is!not!the!result!or!correctness!per_se,!instead!
it!is!the!discussions!that!trigger!recalling!and!awareness!of!the!system.!Facilitators!of!each!
group!recorded!the!discussions!happening!in!this!session!for!documentation.!Time!allocated!
for!this!activity!was!25!minutes!and!at!the!end!of!the!session,!they!were!asked!to!present!
their!poster!in!front!of!the!other!groups.!Figure!9!shows!the!mapping!result!from!one!of!the!
male!group.!!

!
Figure!10!System!mapping!drawn!by!one!of!the!male!groups!

Session!4.!Current!challenges!identification!
In!the!fourth!session,!participants!were!asked!to!assess!and!identify!the!current!challenges!
that! exist! in! their! living! place.! The! previous! session! had! refreshed! their! memories! on! the!
prioritized! topics! to! warm! up! before! getting! into! this! session.! In! this! session,! participants!
were! asked! to! write! down! several! problems! related! to! the! prioritized! topics! and! the!
!

18!

explanation!behind!them!on!color_coded!sticky!notes.!They!also!had!to!stick!the!stickers!with!
their!numbers!so!that!they!could!be!identified!during!the!analysis.!!
After!writing!down!the!identified!problems,!each!of!the!participants!was!asked!to!elaborate!
them! by! reading! it! out! loud! to! the! other! participants.! Figure! 9! shows! some! of! the! notes!
made! by! the! participants.! The! results! from! this! activity! showed! that! some! people! have!
similar! concerns.! An! additional! facilitation! to! summarize! the! identified! problems! was!
conducted! in! the! end! of! this! activity.! This! facilitation! opened! up! space! for! debate,! deeper!
analysis! and! discussion! among! the! participants! and! gave! the! facilitators! better!
understanding!from!several!points!of!view.!

!!
Figure!11!Problem!identification!notes!!

!
Table!4!Excerpts!from!challenges!identification,!necessary!capacity!and!constraints!session!

Necessary!capacity!and!constraints!!
(Female!13!September!2013)!
Participant!
Notes!
number!
F1!
Government’s!lose!
regulation!on!food!
dangerous!chemical!
preservatives.!!
F2!
Skills!on!recycling!waste!for!
additional!income!
F3!
F4!

!

Unawareness!of!where!to!
voice!opinion!and!concerns!
Absence!of!willingness!to!
work!together!among!
residents!

Current!challenges!
(Male!11!September!2013)!
Participan
Notes!
t!number!
M1!
The!price!of!rice!is!too!
expensive!
!
M4!

M9!
M10!

The!price!of!gasoline!keeps!
increasing!due!to!decreasing!
subsidy!
Quality!of!water!supply!is!low!
The!price!of!gasoline!is!
unaffordable.!
Towards!the!end!of!the!day,!
water!pressure!becomes!very!
low!and!color!turned!
yellowish!
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priorities!on!water,!employment,!and!food.!However,!the!number!of!people!who!voted!for!
each! topic! differs.! The! number! of! males! who! gave! priorities! on! employment,! energy! and!
waste!management!is!higher!than!the!number!of!female!who!voted!on!those!topics.!On!the!
other!hand,!more!female!voters!gave!priority!on!food!topic.!!
!

Male!Priority!Idenaﬁcaaon!Result!
50!

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Figure!14!Priority!identification!results!
Table!5!Variables!used!in!MCA!!

Participants’!attributes!
Age!
Number!of!children!
Number!of!household!member!
Education!
Job!
Marital!status!

Participants!prioritized!topics!
Energy!
Food!
Employment!
Waste!management!
Water!
Others!

!
MCA! was! conducted! by! employing! the! participants’! attributes! and! priority! result! of! topics!
listed! in! table! 7.! Figure! 14! shows! the! MCA! plot! of! the! male! participants! prioritized! topics.!
MCA!results!of!different!combinations!from!the!items!listed!in!table!7!were!plotted.!The!one!
that!shows!interesting!output!is!the!combination!of!“latest!attained!education!level”,!“job”,!
and! “number! of! child”,! with! the! first,! second,! and! third! priority! topics! voting! results.! The!
MCA! plot! shows! that! those! who! voted! water! as! the! top! priority! are! mainly! those! who! are!
working!as!a!construction!labor.!Construction!labor!in!Indonesia!often!has!to!work!outdoor!
under! the! very! hot! weather.! Surabaya! has! a! relatively! higher! temperature! than! its!
neighboring! cities! mainly! due! to! the! industrial! activities! and! its! geographical! location! near!
the!sea.!Another!finding!from!the!male!MCA!plotting!result!is!that!the!higher!the!education!
of!a!person,!the!smaller!number!of!children!that!person!has.!For!example,!those!who!only!
attended!elementary!school!have!4!children,!those!who!attended!junior!high!school!have!2!
children,! those! who! attended! high! school! have! 1,! and! those! who! attended! college! or!
vocational!school!has!0!child.!In!terms!of!type!of!job!the!male!participant!has,!it!looks!like,!
those!who!had!higher!education!(college!and!vocational!school)!have!a!more!stable!income!
job!such!as!working!for!the!technical!regional!office.!Those!who!went!to!high!school!either!
work! in! a! private! company! as! cleaning! service! or! run! their! own! small_scale! photo_copying!
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person!per!day.!According!to!any!recent!definition!of!poverty!line!(1.08!USD,!1.25!USD,!1.5!
and! 2! USD! per! day).! Despite! of! the! positive! economic! growth,! the! Gini! coefficient! has!
worsened!in!Indonesia,!from!29.2!in!the!mid!1990s!to!34!in!late!2000s17.!Both!the!male!and!
female! participant! total! results! in! putting! the! ‘children’s! employment! in! the! future’! as! the!
second!priority.!!

Employment!priority!and!diversity!
voted!by!male!paracipants!
Other!
(4%)!

My!
chidren's!in!the!
future!
(33%)!

My!
wife's!
(13%)!

My!
employment!
(50%)!

Employment!priority!and!diversity!
voted!by!female!paracipants!
My!
children's!(now)! My!
My!
(12%)! employ
children'ment!!
s!(in!the!
(35%)!
future)!
(19%)!
My!
husband's!(35%)!

n=4,!percentage!represents!aggregate!values! n=4,!percentage!represents!aggregate!values!
!
Figure!19!Employment!priority!and!diversity!
!

!
!
In! food! topic,! the! staple! food! is! found! to! be! rice! and! aside! from! vegetable,! fish! and! meat,!
many! answered! tofu! and! tempeh! as! their! source! of! protein.! Both! groups! feel! that! rice! is!
available!but!is!not!very!affordable.!All!16!female!participants,!many!of!them!are!housewives!
who!purchase!and!cook!the!daily!meal;!are!very!satisfied!with!the!availability!and!quality!of!
rice,!but!75%!of!them!feel!that!the!price!is!very!high.!

Food!priority!and!diversity!voted!
by!male!paracipants!

Milk!
(8%)!

Fruits!
(11%)!

Vegetable!
(22%)!

Food!priority!and!diversity!voted!
by!female!paracipants!

Rice!
(50%)!

Fish!and!
meat!
(17%)!!

Rice!
(36%)!

Fruits!
(16%)!
Fish!
(8%)!
Tofu!&!
Tempeh!
(4%)!

Vegetable!(28%)!

n=4,!percentage!represents!aggregate!values! n=4,!percentage!represents!aggregate!values!
!
!
Figure!20!Food!priority!and!diversity!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!(UN_ESCAP,!ADB,!UNDP,!2013)!

17

!

26!

Energy!was!explained!as!electricity,!fuel!or!gasoline!for!vehicle,!and!the!Liquefied!Petroleum!
Gas!(LPG)!or!kerosene!used!for!cooking!in!the!community.!Although!the!community!needs!
energy!to!pump!their!prioritized!water!and!to!cook!their!prioritized!food,!the!topic!was!not!
voted!anywhere!in!the!top!3!priority!by!the!participants.!Based!on!this!observation,!Energy!
topic’s!availability,!quality!and!diversity!were!asked!to!the!participants!for!analysis!purposes.!
Regarding! the! availability! and! quality,! both! gender! groups! agreed! that! energy! is! available!
and!in!good!quality.!!
The! male! and! female! participants! perceived! the! word! ‘energy’! with! different! association.!
Because! the! majority! of! female! participants! are! housewife,! one! of! the! closest! forms! of!
purchasable!energy!in!their!daily!activities!is!cooking!gas!LPG!while!the!male!are!more!aware!
of! the! gasoline! due! to! their! higher! mobility.! The! female! participants! feel! that! the! price! of!
LPG! is! highly! affordable.! On! the! other! hand,! the! male! participants! found! the! price! of!
gasoline! very! expensive.! This! might! be! the! result! of! more! subsidy! existence! in! LPG! as!
compared!to!in!gasoline.!!
There!are!several!levels!of!quality!of!gasoline!sold!by!Pertamina,!the!oil!and!gas!state_owned!
enterprise.!The!quality!is!differentiated!by!their!Octane!rating.!!Two!most!common!types!are!
the!one!with!the!lower!Octane!rating,!‘Premium’!with!octane!rating!88!and!‘Pertamax’!with!
92_octane!rate.!Another!commonly!used!type!of!fuels!is!fuel!for!diesel!engines!with!common!
names,! ‘Solar’! and! ‘Pertamina! Dex’.! These! types! have! Cetane! number! of! 48! and! 51!
respectively.!The!subsidized!fuels!are!Premium!and!Solar.!The!latest!prices!per!liter!for!the!
subsidized!fuels!are!6,500!IDR!for!Pertamax!and!5,000!IDR!for!Solar18.!On!the!other!hand,!the!
non_subsidized! fuel! price! is! 12,400! per! liter19.! To! fully! fill! a! regular! motorbike! fuel! tank! is!
about!one!gallon!or!4!liters!of!gasoline.!The!share!of!a!day’s!average!income!needed!to!buy!4!
liters!of!gasoline!is!35%.!
LPG!cooking!gas!has!two!sizes!of!container,!the!3!Kg!and!12!Kg!capacities.!The!3!Kg!size!was!
introduced!in!attempt!to!lift!the!subsidy!from!kerosene!and!to!encourage!people!to!use!LPG!
for! cooking! replacing! the! kerosene.! Kerosene! to! LPG! conversion! program! started! in! year!
2007.! Pertamina! has! distributed! 53.9! million! conversion! packages! by! mid! 2012 20 .! The!
packages!were!distributed!without!any!charge!and!the!distributed!packages!were!including:!
a!one_burner!stove,!regulator,!and!a!hose.!Based!on!interviews,!the!selling!price!of!refilling!
the!3!Kg_capacity!LPG!tank!is!between!11,000!IDR!to!14,000!depending!on!the!location!and!
selling!agent.!The!share!of!a!day’s!average!income!needed!to!refill!a!3!Kg!tank!LPG!is!9%.!!

SYSTEM!LITERACY!
Participants! were! asked! to! draw! on! a! piece! of! paper! about! their! flat! and! the! water,! food,!
energy!and!waste!system!of!their!neighborhood!in!groups.!Undisclosed!to!the!participants,!
the! facilitators! were! asked! to! evaluate! each! group’s! drawing! and! explanation! in! terms! of!
how!close!they!reflect!the!real!system.!The!facilitators!reported!that!the!male!groups!have!a!
more! detailed! and! wider! scope! of! understanding! of! their! system! compared! to! the! female!
groups.! One! of! the! explanations! was! that! the! males! are! more! mobile! thus! they! observe!
more!of!their!surroundings.!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
18!(Harian!Kompas,!2013)!
!(Pertamina,!2012)!
20!(PT!Pertamina!&!World!LP!Gas!Association,!2012)!
19

!

27!

CURRENT!PROBLEMS!AND!FUTURE!GOALS!
The! problems! and! goals! that! both! gender! groups! of! participants! have! expressed! are!
summarized!in!Table!8!and!Table!9.!!
Table!6!Female!groups!outcome!of!problems,!goals,!necessary!capacities,!and!constraints!

Female!
Necessary'capacities'
Opportunity!and!
capacity!for!
entrepreneurship!

Current'problems'
Low!water!quality!
Unstable!income!

Future'goals'
Better!water!quality!
Stable!income!

Unaffordable!healthy!
food!

Better!affordability!of!
healthy!food!!

Poor!waste!
management!!

Better!waste!
management!

Capacity!to!afford!for!
children’s!higher!
education!!
Capacity!to!manage!
waste!(separation!and!
recycling)!

Constraints'
Low!awareness!and!
skills!on!healthy!food,!
waste!management,!
and!overall!
neighborhood!
cleanliness!
maintenance!
Unaffordable!higher!
education!
Lack!of!organizational!
skills!to!hold!common!
activities!

!
!
Table!7!Male!groups!outcome!on!problems,!goals,!necessary!capacities,!and!constraints!

Current'problems'
Low!water!quality!
Clogged!sewerage!
gutters!
Poor!waste!
management!
Unaffordable!healthy!
food!
Energy!price!is!
unaffordable!
Unstable!income!
Low!involvement!and!
togetherness!of!the!
flat!community!

Male!
Necessary'capacities'
Providing!a!efficient!
(easy!and!affordable!
operation!and!
maintenance)!
technology!for!
wastewater!treatment!
Better!affordability!of!
Capacity!on!how!to!
healthy!food!
manage!clean!
Better!communication! environment!and!
healthy!lifestyle!
and!togetherness!
among!residents!and!
Transparent!election!to!
with!community!
have!a!leader!who!is!
leaders!
fair,!has!capacity,!
honest!and!able!to!
improve!harmony!in!the!
community!
Future'goals'
Better!water!quality!
Better!wastewater!
treatment!
Better!waste!
management!

Constraints'
Low!awareness!and!
knowledge!on!
maintaining!clean!
environment!and!
healthy!life!style!
Lack!of!access!to!
appropriate!
technology!to!maintain!
healthy!environment!
Non!transparent!
community!leaders!
election!

!
Both!gender!groups!mentioned!low!quality!of!water,!poor!waste!management,!unaffordable!
healthy!food!and!unstable!income!as!their!current!problems.!The!male!brought!up!the!issue!
of! unaffordable! energy! price.! The! background! of! this! has! been! explained! in! the! previous!
section! on! affordability! related! to! governmental! subsidy! on! energy.! The! male! groups! also!
!

28!

expressed!more!details!in!the!water!issues,!which!is!the!clogged!sewerage!gutters!problem.!
An! interview! was! conducted! with! the! regional! technical! unit! (UPTD)! officer.! The! female!
groups!viewed!that!child!education!as!one!of!the!necessary!capacities!to!improve!their!lives!
but!are!concerned!about!the!affordability!of!higher!education!itself.!Both!gender!noticed!the!
necessity! of! improving! better! communication,! harmony,! and! togetherness! in! order! to!
achieve!the!future!goals.!Additionally,!the!male!participants!feel!that!a!capable!leader!and!
appropriate!technologies!are!necessary!to!help!them!realize!these!goals.!!

THE!WAY!FORWARD!
BASED!ON!THE!OUTPUT!FROM!THE!COMMUNITY!!
The!analysis!of!a!low_income!community!in!Surabaya!in!this!study!shows!that!the!issues!of!
clean!water!supply,!wastewater!treatment,!income!stability,!job!opportunity,!and!food!have!
highest! importance.! Moreover,! there! is! a! strong! desire! to! having! better! food! quality! and!
affordability!of!daily!necessities.!
Quality!education!for!children!is!undoubtedly!the!key!to!have!better!access!to!more!stable!
family!income.!This!is!also!what!has!been!expressed!by!many!of!the!PWS!participants.!!
To!facilitate!community!activities!in!improving!the!living!space!cleanliness,!involvement!and!
transparency! in! community! leader! election! is! required.! Trustful! leader! with! capacity! to!
encourage! the! betterment! of! a! community! seem! to! be! one! of! the! key! factor! to! initiate!
community!level!capacity!building.!
BASED!ON!QUESTIONNAIRES!AND!INTERVIEW!WITH!POLICY!MAKERS,!ACADEMIAS,!
COMMUNITY!CHIEFS!AND!OTHER!KEY!STAKEHOLDERS!
From! the! 12! interviewed! stakeholders! in! Surabaya,! almost! all! of! have! heard! about!
Millennium! Development! Goals.! Everyone! agrees! that! another! Sustainable! Development!
Goals! should! be! developed! to! maintain! the! recent! progress! especially! on! the! field! of!
sustainable! environment.! Almost! half! of! the! respondents! think! that! the! dissemination! of!
MDG! related! programs! have! not! been! done! properly.! Therefore,! the! implementation! of!
MDG!should!be!both!intensified!and!broaden.!!
Seven! out! of! 12! respondents! are! confident! that! the! overall! MDG! targets! in! Indonesia!
especially!in!Surabaya!area!will!be!fulfilled!by!the!year!2015.!According!to!their!observation,!
the! issues! that! have! slow! progress! are! including! the! health! (especially! on! HIV! prevalence)!
and! environmental! issues! (especially! on! CO2! reduction).! ! They! believe! that! majority! of! the!
other!targets!are!on!track!with!gender!equality!already!being!a!fulfilled!target.!The!Mayor!of!
Surabaya! City! at! the! time! where! this! interview! was! conducted! is! a! woman! with! very! well_
know!strong!leadership!skills,!Mrs.!Tri!Rismaharini.!
Our! interviewed! key! stakeholders! also! believe! that! there! has! been! major! improvement! on!
sanitation!facility!and!solid!waste!management!in!the!past!10!years.!Subsidy!has!been!given!
to! people! with! low! income! in! the! form! of! housing! and! energy! subsidy.! The! two! most!
significant! sectors! that! will! help! in! the! implementation! of! MDG! are! defined! as! the! role! of!

!

29!

government! institutions! and! education! institutions.! These! two! are! in! charge! of! creating!
awareness,!appropriate!system,!and!providing!capacities!in!people.!

REFERENCES!
!
UN_ESCAP,!ADB,!UNDP.!(2013).!Perspectives&for&a&PostY2015&Development&Agenda.!Bangkok:!
UN_ESCAP,!ADB,!UNDP.!
Yudhoyono,!S.!B.!(2012,!12!13).!Speech!by!the!president!of!Republic!of!Indonesia.!Nusa!Dua,!
Bali,!Indonesia.!
antaranews.!(2013,!3!27).!Indonesia!racing!against!time!to!achieve!MDGs.!(Heru,!Ed.)!
Jakarta,!Jakarta,!Indonesia.!
Bureau!of!Logistics.!(2010).!Beras&untuk&Rakyat&Miskin.!Retrieved!10!24,!2013,!from!Perum!
BULOG:!http://www.bulog.co.id/sekilasraskin_v2.php!
CIFOR.!(2013,!9!10).!CIFOR&Forest&News&Blog.!Retrieved!10!24,!2013,!from!CIFOR:!
http://blog.cifor.org/19065/indonesia_president_delivers_promised_redd_
agency#.UmjJzb9_gRk!
Chatterjee,!S.!(2013,!10!11).!On!Asia_Pacific!Regional!MDGs!Report!2012/13.!(A.!H.!
Pandyaswargo,!Interviewer)!
Coordinating!ministry!for!the!economy.!(2013).!Credit&for&the&poor.!Retrieved!10!23,!2013,!
from!Credit!for!the!poor:!http://komite_kur.com!
Gawler,!M.!(2005).!Useful&tools&for&engaging&young&people&in&participatory&evaluation.!
Moscow:!UNICEF!CEE/CIS!Regional!Office.!
Greenacre,!M.,!&!Blasius,!J.!(2006).!Multiple&Correspondence&Analysis&and&Related&Methods.!
London:!Taylor!and!Francis!Group,!LLC.!
ILO.!(2012).!Social&Security&Department.!Retrieved!10!22,!2013,!from!Social!Labour!
Organization:!
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/ilossi/ssimain.viewScheme?p_lang=en&p_geoaid=360&p_scheme_id=3146!
Harian!Kompas.!(2013,!6!21).!Bisnis&Keuangan.!Retrieved!10!22,!2013,!from!Harian!Kompas:!
http://bisniskeuangan.kompas.com/read/2013/06/21/2208565/Sah.Harga.Premium.Jadi.Rp.
6.500.dan.Solar.Rp.5.500.per.Liter.!
Joshi,!K.!(2013,!11!13).!Interview!with!ADB!authors!of!Asia_Pacific!Regional!MDGs!
Report2012/2013.!(A.!H.!Pandyaswargo,!Interviewer)!Manila,!Philippines.!
Kanie,!N.!(2013).!A!Strategic!Research!Project!(S_11).!Project&on&Sustainability&
Transformation&beyond&2015!(p.!1).!Yokohama:!Post!2015.!

!

30!

Nazara,!S.!(2013).!JYPal&Southeast&Asia&Launch&and&Policy&Workshop!(p.!4).!Jakarta:!TNP2K!
Secretariat.!
Nazara,!S.!(2013,!09!17).!Poverty,!health,!and!education.!(A.!H.!Pandyaswargo,!Interviewer)!
Jakarta,!Indonesia.!
Pertamina.!(2012).!Our&business.!Retrieved!10!22,!2013,!from!Pertamina:!
http://www.pertamina.com/our_business/hilir/pemasaran_dan_niaga/produk_dan_layanan/produk_konsumen/harga_bahan_bakar/!
PT!Pertamina!&!World!LP!Gas!Association.!(2012,!10!18).!Kerosene&to&LP&Gas&Conversion&
Programme&in&Indonesia.!Retrieved!10!22,!2013,!from!World!LP!Gas!Association:!
http://www.worldlpgas.com/newsforwlpganewsletter/126/237/The_Kerosene_to_LP_Gas_
Conversion_Programme_in_Indonesia!
Surabaya!Central!Bureau!of!Statistics.!(2012).!Profil&Pemerintah.!Retrieved!11!11,!2013,!from!
RPJMD:!http://www.surabaya.go.id/dinamis/?id=3721!
TNP2K.!(n.d.).!PNPM.!Retrieved!10!24,!2013,!from!Program:!
http://www.tnp2k.go.id/program/program/dprogram_program_nasional_pemberdayaan_
masyarakat_mandiri/!
!
!
!
!
!

!

31!

APPENDIXES!
LIST!OF!PARTICIPANTS’!PROFILE!
Table&1:&Male&participants’&profile&
PARTICIPANT.NUMBER

AGE

EDUCATIONJOBMARITAL

HOUSEHOLD

CHILDRENINCOMERENTWATERBILL

ELECTRICITYBILL

M1

27

Vocational!school

Technical!regional!officeSingle!

401,750,000

69,00010,00070,000M2

50

Undergraduate

Technical!regional!office

Married!

5

1

1,700,000

53,00050,000125,000

M4

42

Vocational!school

Technical!regional!office

Married!

20500,000

400,000

50,00060,000M5

38

Vocational!school

Private!company

Married!

42

1,800,000

15,00030,00020,000

M6

43

High!school

Employee

Married!

5

3

1,750,000

47,00020,00050,000

M7

40

High!school

Construction!labor

Married!

42

1,100,000

40,00030,00050,000M846

Elementary!school

Cleaning!service

Married!

6

41,000,000

40,00027,00050,000

M9

48

High!school

Private!company

Married!

201,000,000

53,00020,00025,000

M10

42

High!school

Private!company

Married!

3

1

1,740,000

20,00042,00050,000M11

42

Vocational!school

Private!company

Married!

301,740,000

20,00042,000100,000

M12

43

Vocational!school

Construction!labor

Married!

3

1

1,400,000

53,00012,50070,000

M13

40

High!school

Entrepreneur

Married!

4

1

1,500,000

53,00020,000100,000

M14

48

High!school

Entrepreneur

Married!

6

32,000,000

10,00020,00090,000M15

36

Junior!high!school

Private!company

Married!

42

1,300,000

20,00040,000100,000

M16

46

Elementary!school

Printing!industry

Married!

421,000,000

30,00031,00069,000

M17

40

High!school

Private!company

Married!

3

1

1,000,000

47,00015,00020,000

!

!

i!

!
Table&2:&Female&participants’&profile&!

PARTICIPANT.NUMBER!

AGE!

EDUCATION!

JOB!

MARITAL!

HOUSEHOLD!

CHILDREN!

INCOME!

RENT!

WATERBILL!

ELECTRICITYBILL!

F1!

30!

Junior!high!school!

Housewife!

Married!

3!

1!

1,500,000!

38,000!

25,000!

70,000!

F2!

48!

Junior!high!school!

Entrepreneur!

Widowed!

3!

1!

1,500,000!

53,000!

30,000!

125,000!

F3!

31!

Junior!high!school!

Housewife!

Married!

6!

2!

2,500,000!

47,000!

23,000!

100,000!

F4!

45!

High!school!

Housewife!

Married!

4!

1!

2,000,000!

53,000!

25,000!

50,000!

F5!

49!

Elementary!school!

Entrepreneur!

Married!

4!

1!

750,000!

47,000!

25,000!

50,000!

F6!

48!

High!school!

Car!parking!attendant!

Widowed!

4!

1!

700,000!

53,000!

35,000!

70,000!

F7!

35!

Junior!high!school!

Housewife!

Married!

4!

2!

1,000,000!

38,000!

20,000!

50,000!

F8!

42!

High!school!

Housewife!

Married!

5!

1!

1,800,000!

53,000!

35,000!

70,000!

F9!

35!

Vocational!high!school!

Housewife!

Married!

4!

1!

700,000!

40,000!

42,000!

60,000!

F10!

38!

Undergraduate!

Private!company!

Married!

4!

2!

2,500,000!

55,000!

20,000!

100,000!

F11!

38!

High!school!

Entrepreneur!

Married!

2!

2!

800,000!

10,000!

30,000!

60,000!

F12!

46!

Junior!high!school!

Housewife!

Married!

4!

2!

1,800,000!

20,000!

45,000!

85,000!

F13!

40!

Junior!high!school!

Housewife!

Married!

3!

0!

1,500,000!

10,000!

42,000!

50,000!

F14!

42!

Elementary!school!

Housewife!

Married!

5!

2!

1,900,000!

20,000!

27,000!

70,000!

F15!

42!

Junior!high!school!

Housewife!

Married!

4!

1!

1,000,000!

10,000!

42,000!

50,000!

F16!

30!

High!school!

Housewife!

Married!

4!

2!

1,000,000!

30,000!

30,000!

30,000!

ii!

!
QUANTITATIVE!WORKSHOP!ACTIVITIES!OUTPUT!

!

!

Figure'1.'Male'Red'team’s'drawing'!

Figure'2.'Male'Green'team’s'drawing'

!

iii!

!
Figure'3.'Male'Black'team’s'drawing'!
Figure'4.'Male'Blue'team’s'drawing'

!

!

iv!

!
Figure'5.'Female'Red'team's'drawing'!
Figure'6.'Female'Green'team's'drawing'

!

v!

!
Figure'7.'Female'Black'team's'drawing'!
Figure'8.'Female'Blue'team's'drawing'

!

!

vi!

QUANTIFIED!OUTPUTS!
Table'8'Male'Priority'Identification'
Scoring(quantification
Ranking
value
1
3
2
2
3
1
Participant(number

Waste(
Management

Water

M1
M2
M4
M5
M6
M7
M8
M9
M10
M11
M12
M13
M14
M15
M16
M17

2
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
3
2
3
3
3
3
43

Total

Food

EnergyEmployment

3
1
2
2
1
2

1
2
1
1
1
2

1
1
2
1
9

Others

1
2
1
1
2
1
3
3
3
1
3

2
1
2
2
15

1
7

22

0

!

Table'9'Male'Availability,'Quality,'and'Affordability'
Scoring(quantification
icon
value
2(smileys
5
1(smiley
4
1(Neutral
3
1(Grumpy22(Grumpies
1

Participant(number
M1
M2
M4
M5
M6
M7
M8
M9
M10
M11
M12
M13
M14
M15
M16
M17
Total

!

Quality

Water
EnergyFood((Rice)
Affordability Availability Affordability Availability Affordability
5
5
3
1
4
1
5
5
3
1
4
1
5
5
3
1
4
1
3
3
3
1
3
2
4
4
3
1
3
2
1
5
4
2
3
5
1
5
1
1
3
5
3
3
3
1
3
2
3
3
3
1
3
2
3
3
3
1
3
2
3
3
1
1
3
2
3
3
5
2
5
1
1
2
5
3
5
1
3
3
5
3
4
1
3
3
5
2
5
1
4
3
4
2
4
3
50
58
54
24
59
32

Waste(Management
Quality Affordability
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
5
4
4
4
4
3
5
4
5
48
54

vii!

!

Table'10'Male'Diversity'
Scoring(quantification
Ranking
value
1
3
2
2
3
1
Food
Participant(number

Fish/Meat/
Proteins

Rice

M1
M2
M4
Total

3
3
3
9

Water
Participant(number
M5
M6
M7
M8
Total

Drink

Vegetable
1
2

Cook

Fruits

2
2
4

3

3
3
3
3
12

Milk

Shower
2
1
1

1
1
2

0

Wash

Others
1

2
2
2
6

4

1
2

0

Employment
Participant(number
M9
M10
M11
M12
Total

Mine

My(wife's
3
3
3
3
12

My(
My(
children's(in( children's(the(future
(now)
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
3
8
0

Others1

1!

!
Table'11'Female'Priority'Identification''

Scoring(quantification
Ranking
value
1
3
2
2
3
1
Participant(number
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
F8
F9
F10
F11
F12
F13
F14
F15
F16

3
3
3
3
3

Food

EnergyEmployment
1

1
2
1
2
2

1

3

1
3

Total

!

Waste(
Management

Water

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
42

5

2
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
19

2
2
1
2
1
3
2
1

Others

2

1
2
1
1

6

1
1
1
2
22

2

viii!

'
Table'12'Female'Availability,'Quality,'and'Affordability'
Scoring(quantification
icon
value
2(smileys
5
1(smiley
4
1(Neutral
3
1(Grumpy22(Grumpies
1

Water
Participant(number

Quality

F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
F8
F9
F10
F11
F12
F13
F14
F15
F16
Total

EnergyAffordability
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
2
5
3
3
5
5
4
4
71

Food((Rice)

Waste(Management

Availability Affordability Availability Affordability

5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
5
5
4
4
74

5
5
5
4
5
5
3
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
69

5
5
5
4
5
5
3
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
69

5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
80

1
1
1
1
5
5
5
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
32

Quality

Affordability
5
5
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
79

5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
80

Employment
Working(
Incomecondition
3
3
4
3
1
2
5
5
4
4
5
5
4
4
4
4
1
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
56
57

!
Table'13'Female'Diversity'
Scoring(quantification
importance
value
1
3
2
2
3
1

usage

Water
importancedrinking(and(cooking34

shower(and(toilet22

others16

Employment
whose
importanceMineMy(husband's
My(children's((in(the(futureMy(
children's((now)

Food((Rice)kindimportance

9

Rice

9

9

Vegetable

7

5

Tofu(/(
Tempeh

1

3

Fish

2

Fruit
Milk

4
2

!

!
!
!
!
!

!

ix!

!

FORCED!FIELD!ANALYSIS!POSTERS!

!
Figure'9.'Male'forced'field'analysis'poster'!
Figure'10.'Male'forced'field'analysis'poster'

!
!
!

!

x!

RESULTS!FROM!KEY!STAKEHOLDER!QUESTIONNAIRE!
Table'14'Questionnaire'to'key'stakeholders'page'1'(translated'into'English'from'its'original'language'Bahasa'Indonesia)'!
!
!
Questionnaire!
!
MDG!Influence!in!regional!development!
!
Thank! you! very! much! for! your! willingness! in! contributing! to! our! research!
“Bottom! Up! Study! :! Contributing! to! the! Realization! of! Sustainable! Development!
Goals”.! This! program! is! part! of! the! Sustainability! Transformation! Beyond! 2015!
project!
!
PART!I!
Please!indicate!your!answer!by!the!(√)!sign!in!the!corresponding!boxes!
!
No.!

!
!

Question!

1.!

Have!you!ever!heard!about!MDG?!

2.!

Do!you!think!the!MDG!schemes!
have!been!implemented!very!well!
in!the!related!sectors?!

3.!

Do!you!think!MDG!has!contributed!
or!gave!influence!to!the!regional!
development!and!policymaking?!

4.!

Do!you!think!MDG!has!motivated!
development!and!projects!in!the!
field!of!environment!
sustainability?!

5.!

Do!you!think!that!the!MDG!goals!
and!targets!could!be!achieved!by!
2015!in!Cebu?!

6.!

Do!you!think!another!sustainable!
development!goal!is!necessary!to!
support!sustainable!development!
after!2015?!

Yes!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

No!
!

!
!
!
!
!

!
!
!
!
!

Remarks!
!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

MDG$Influence$in$regional$development!1!
!

!
!

!

xi!

Table'15'Questionnaire'to'key'stakeholders'page'2'(translated'into'English'from'its'original'language'Bahasa'Indonesia)'!
!
!
PART!2!
Please! express! your! opinion! on! the! following! questions! according! to! your!
observation!
!
No.!
Question!
1.!
What! is! your! opinion! based! on!
the! observation! regarding! the!
development! in! Cebu! during! the!
last!15!years?!

2.!

3.!

4.!!

5.!

How! has! the! waste! management!
sector!changing!in!Cebu?!
Which! factors! have! influenced!
the!change?!
What! kind! of! programs! do! you!
feel!
have!
contributed!
significantly! in! creating! better!
living!condition!in!Cebu?!
!

Response!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

According! to! your! observation,!
which! factors! have! been!
supporting! or! hindering! the!
efforts! of! achieving! MDGs”!
(especially!
to!
goal!
7:!
environmental!
sustainable!
development!in!the!Philippines!in!
general!and!in!Cebu!in!particular)!
According! to! your! observation,! !
which! issues! need! special!
attention! in! the! scope! of!
environmental!
sustainability!
(especially!in!Cebu)!

!
!
!
!

!
!
!
Notes! !
• For!PART!2,!you!may!write!in!separate!paper!if!you!require!more!space.!
!
!
!
MDG$Influence$in$regional$development!2!
!

!

!
!
!
!
!
!

!
!
!

!

xii!

Table'16'Questionnaire'to'key'stakeholders'page'2'(translated'into'English'from'its'original'language'Bahasa'Indonesia)'

!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

!
!
PART!3!
Based! on! your! observation,! kindly! grade! the! progress! of! each! goal! of! the!
Millenium! Development! Goals! in! Cebu.! Circle! the! following! symbols!
according!to!your!judgement.!
!
• =!!
has!been!fulfilled!
>! =!!
on!track!!
!! =!!
progress!is!slow!
<! =!!
no!progress!or!worsened!situation!
!
!
No.!
1.!

2.!

3.!
4.!
5.!
6.!

7.!

GOAL!
Reducing!poverty!
Reducing!underweight!children!
'
Improving! number! of! primary! school!
enrollment!
'
Improving!quality!of!education!
Improving! number! of! children! completing!
elementary!school!
'
Gender!equality!in!primary!school!
Gender!equality!in!secondary!school!
'
Gender!equality!in!tertiary!school!
Improving!under!5!years!old!mortality!rate!
Improving!infant!mortality!rate!
'
Improving!maternal!mortality!rate!
Improving!number!of!skilled!birth!attendance!
'
Improving!antenatal!care!!
Reducing!HIV!prevalence!
Reducing!Tuberculosis!incidence!
'
Reforestation!
Reducing!CO2!emission!per!GDP!
'
Improving!access!to!safe!drinking!water!
Improving!access!to!basic!sanitation!

"!
"!

Your!observation!
!!
>!
!!
>!

<!
<!

"!

>!

!!

<!

"!

>!

!!

<!

"!

>!

!!

<!

"!
"!
"!
"!
"!
"!
"!
"!
"!
"!
"!
"!
"!
"!

>!
>!
>!
>!
>!
>!
>!
>!
>!
>!
>!
>!
>!
>!

!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
!!

<!
<!
<!
<!
<!
<!
<!
<!
<!
<!
<!
<!
<!
<!

Thank!you!very!much!for!your!cooperation.!!
'
!!
!!

'

RESPONDENT!INFORMATION!

!
Name!
Occupation!
Expertise!
Last!education!
!
!

!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

'
'
'
'
'
'
MDG$Influence$in$regional$development!3!

!

'
'

!
!

!

xiii!

Table'17'Output'summary'of'Key'Stakeholder'questionnaire'page'1'!

!
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