;dLIffM k':tsk|f=8f= of]u]Gb|k|;fb ofbj / eLdgf/fo0f /]UdLefiffx¿sf]

cfjfh

cNk;ª\Vos efiffx¿sf] ljsf; /;+/If0fsf] ;jfndf l5d]sL d'ns' x¿sf]
t'ngfdf g]kfn cufl8 5 / efiff;DaGwL
ultljlwx¿ klg cf; hufpg] vfnsf 5g\eGg] n]vssf] lgisif{ 5 .

8f=dfs{ 6'l/gn] uPsf] bzsdf yfdL efiff /;+:s[ltnfO{ s]Gb| agfP/ g]kfnsf cGo lxdfnL
hflt tyf efiffsf] kof{Kt cWoog u/]sf 5g\ . pgsf]
ev{/} k|sflzt k':ts o;} z[ª\vnfsf] csf]{ pknlAwxf] . pgn] o;df cWoog If]qnfO{ km¥oflsnf] agfP/
a[xt\ lxdfnL If]q tyf h}ljs / ;f+:s[lts ljljwtf;Ddk'¥ofsf 5g .
k':ts hDdf tLg efudf afFl8Psf] 5 . klxnf]
efu k[i7e"ld xf]Ù h;df rf/ j6f zLif{s /x]sf 5g\ .
…eflifs ljljwtfsf] 7"nf] s]Gb|sf ¿kdf a[xt\ lxdfnLIf]qÚ zLif{sdf klZrddf ckmuflg:tfgb]lv k"j{dfDofgdf/;Dd #,%)) lsnf]ld6/ nDafOdf km}lnPsf]
a[xt\ lxdfnL If]qnfO{ eflifs ljljwtf / Pl;ofsf
clwsf+z nf]kf]Gd'v efiffx¿sf] d'Vo If]qsf ¿kdf
lrgfOPsf] 5 . of] a[xt\ lxdfnL If]qnfO{ h}ljsljljwtfsf ljZjsf bz j6f 7"nf If]qdWo] Ps dflgG5eg] oxfF ljZjsf efiffx¿dWo] ^ efusf] Ps efuefiffx¿ af]lnG5g\ . o;}n] of] h}ljs, eflifs / ;f+:s[ltsljljwtfsf] s]Gb| xf] eÌ] hfgsf/L lbOPsf] 5 .
g]kfnsf] eflifs ;Dkbf zLif{sdf g]kfnsf efiffsfaf/]df dxŒjk"0f{ tYox¿ lbOPsf] 5 . g]kfndf …PYgf]nuÚ
cg';f/ !@# j6f / hgu0fgf @)%* cg';f/ (@j6f efiff af]lnG5g\ . ltgdf ef/f]kn] L kl/jf/sf ef/tLo–cfo{ zfvfsf, rLg–ltAatL kl/jf/sf ef]6–ad]n{ L zfvfsf,cfUg]nL kl/jf/sf, b|lj8 kl/jf/sf / Psn efiffs';'G8f ;d]t k5{g\ . oxfF ef/f]k]nL kl/jf/sf efiffsfjQmf sl/a *) k|ltzt 5g\ eg] %& j6f ef]6ad]n{ Lefiffx¿ af]lnG5g\ . logdf nf]kf]Gd'v efiffx¿sf] ;ª\Vof7"nf] 5 .
…g]kfnsf nf]kf]Gd'v efiffx¿sf] l:yltÚ zLif{sdfs';'G8f / sf]o'sf] pbfx/0f k|:t't ub}{ g]kfndf efiffnf]ksf d'Vo tLg sf/0fx¿– k/Dk/fut af;:yfgsf]

62 lz If s j}zfv @)^$

k':tsM eflifs ljljwtf / nf]kf]Gd'v efiffx¿sf];+/If0fM -g]kfnsf] l:ylt cWoog_n]vsM dfs{ 6'l/gk|sfzsM Ol;df]8, @))&
k[i7M $!

¿kfGt/0f, k|fs[lts k|sf]k / g]kfnL efiffsf] k|efj
7DofOPsf] 5 . oL nf]kf]Gd'v efiff ;+/If0fsf] k|of;nfO{;d'bfosf] ;fIf/tf / lzIff;Fu hf]8]/ ltgnfO{ cfly{styf /fhgLlts ¿kn] cfTdlge{/ agfpg] xf] eg] tL;kmn x'g] s'/fdf n]vs ;xdt b]lvPsf 5g\ .
…lxdfnL If]qdf eflifs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{gÚ
zLif{sdf ljZjsf rf/ k|ltzt efiff (^ k|ltztdflg;n] / afFsL (^ k|ltzt efiff rf/ k|ltzt
dflg;n] af]Ng] tyf !%)) eGbf a9L efiffsf jQmfsf];ª\Vof !))) eGbf sd /x]sf] /f]rs tYo k|:t't
ul/Psf] 5 . s]xL dflg;x¿sf] ax'eflifstf cGt/;d'bfo;~rf/ tyf k|ultsf] afws xf] eÌ] ljrf/ kfOG5 t/g]kfndf o:tf] l:ylt 5}g . oxfF t Pp6f cNk;ª\Voseflifs ;d'bfosf] dflg;n] ljleÌ ;Gbe{df b}lgs sfddf
tLg jf rf/ efiff ;lhn} k|of]u ug]{ l:ylt 5 eÌ]s'/f pbfx/0f;lxt k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
efiff cfkm}dF f /f]rs / dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f ePsf] x'gfn]nf]kf]Gd'v efiffsf] ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g / clen]vg ug{'cfjZos 5 . n]vssf] ljrf/df o;sf d'Vo rf/sf/0f 5g\M!= Pp6f efiff nf]k x'bF f Tof];uF } ;+:s[lt klg nf]k x'G5 .
@= Pp6f efiff nf]k x'Fbf ;Fu} ;+;f/nfO{ x]g{] Pp6fb[li6sf]0f klg nf]k x'G5 .
#= Pp6f efiff nf]k x'bF f ;Fu} To;df /x]sf] k/Dk/fut
1fg / Oltxf; klg nf]k x'G5 .
$= Pp6f efiff nf]k x'Fbf ;Fu} To;df /x]sf] s[lif, jg,lrlsT;f / jftfj/0fLo 1fg klg nf]k x'G5 .
o; efudf lxGb–s'z kj{tLo If]qsf nf]kf]Gd'v
cNk;ª\Vos efiffx¿, g]kfnsf] hftLo ljt/0f, lxGb–s'z kj{tLo If]qsf ef/f]kn] L kl/jf/sf nf]kf]Gd'v efiff,lxGb–s'z kj{tLo If]qsf rLg–ltAatL kl/jf/sf nf]kf]Gd'v
efiff, g]kfnsf efiff, ToxL If]qsf clt nf]kf]Gd'v

lxGbs'z lxdfnoIf]qdf nf]kf]Gd'v
efiffx¿sf]
cj:yf .

cNk;ª\Vos efiffx¿ / lxGb–s'z kj{tLo If]qsf] eflifs/ h}ljs ljljwtf ;DaGwL gS;fx¿ /flvPsf 5g\ .
bf];|f] efudf g]kfnsf] hLj–;f+:s[lts ljljwtfsf];Gbe{df efiffx¿sf] l:yltaf/] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . o;efudf hDdf gf} j6f zLif{sx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . …eflifstyf h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;xcl:tTjÚ zLif{sdf g]kfndf%$)) k|hfltsf jg:klt -ljZjsf s'n k|hfltsf]@=@ k|ltzt_ tyf *%) k|hfltsf r/f -ljZjsf
s'n k|hfltsf] (=$ k|ltzt_ /x]sf] tYo k|:t't u/]/eflifs / hLj–;f+:s[lts ljljwtfsf] ;xcl:tTj x'G5eÌ] b]vfOPsf] 5 .
csf]{ zLif{sdf g]kfnsf ljleÌ ;+ljwfgdf /x]sf
efiff ;DaGwL Joj:yfx¿ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . ;+jw} flgs
Joj:yf eflifs ljsf;sf nflu k|lta4tf xf] ls k|bfg-c¿sf nflu ul/lbPsf]_ xf] eÌ] ax; /f]rs 9Ën]p7fOPsf] 5 .
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)$& n] lbPsf] eflifs clwsf/sfcfwf/df sf7df8f},F /fhlj/fh / hgsk'/ gu/kflnsf
tyf wg'iff lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] b}lgs sfdsfhdfg]kfn efiff / d}lynLsf] k|of]u u/]sf]df ;jf]R{ r cbfntn]
tL efiffx¿sf] k|of]udf /f]s nufPkl5 s;/L To;sf]lj/f]wdf cNk;ª\Vos eflifs ;d'bfo cfGbf]lnt eof]eÌ] ;Gbe{ efiff / sfg"g zLif{sdf cfPsf] 5 .
efiff / hgu0fgf zLif{sdf oxfFsf] ef}uf]lns agf]6,oftfoft, bIf hgzlQm tyf g]kfnsf efiff / hflt
;DaGwL k|ZgfjnL cflb sf/0fx¿n] hgu0fgflkR5] km/s–km/s tYofÍ cfPsf] jf:tljstf cf}NF ofOPsf] 5 .
hgu0fgfsf] nflu k|ZgfjnL tof/ ug]{ a]nfdf g} s:tf];"rgf k|fKt ug{ vf]lhPsf] xf] :ki6 x'gk' g]{ x'gfn] tYofÍljefun] k|ZgfjnLsf] lgdf{0fd} ax'eflifstf, låeflifstfcflb ljifodf ljz]if Wofg lbg'kg]d{ f hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 .
o;}u/L ;~rf/dfWoddf cNk;ª\Vos efiffx¿sf]””

Pp6f efiff nf]k x'bF fM;+:s[lt nf]k x'G5 . ;+;f/nfO{ x]g{] Pp6f b[li6sf]0f nf]k x'G5 .
To;df /x]sf] Oltxf;, k/Dk/fut 1fg, s[lif, jg, lrlsT;f /jftfj/0fLo 1fg nf]k x'G5 .
k|of]u, n}lËs ;dfgtf / eflifs ;Gbe{ cflbsf ;fy}ljutsf] dfcf]jfbL åGå tyf ljleÌ cNk;ª\Vos eflifs;d'bfosf] ;+:s[t lj/f]wL cleofgsf] pbfx/0f k|:t'tub}{ g]kfndf efiff ;DaGwL åGåsf] k|;Ë p7fOPsf] 5 .
o;}u/L g]kfnsf] hflt–efiff ;DaGwsf] hl6ncGt/;DaGwnfO{ /fO{ ;d"xsf efiffx¿ / g]kfn efiffsf]
pbfx/0faf6 k|:6 kfl/Psf] 5 .
clGtd jf t];|f] efudf g]kfnsf l5d]sL lxdfnLd'ns' x¿sf] eflifs gLltsf] rrf{ ub}{ g]kfn cNk;ª\Vosefiffx¿sf] ljsf;sf ;Gbe{df l5d]sL d'n'sx¿sf]
t'ngfdf cufl8 5 eÌ] lgisif{ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
o;}u/L g]kfndf clxn] ;d'bfo, ;/sf/ tyf cGt/f{li6«o;d' b fosf] ;lqmotfdf eO/x] s f efiff ;DaGwL
ultljlwx¿af6 n]vs cfzfjfbL b]lvPsf 5g\ .
o; k':tsdf hDdf $! k[i7 5g\ . To;df klg!@ j6f k"/f k[i7 9fSg] gS;fx¿ 5g\ / c¿ y'k|}kmf]6f] / lrqx¿ 5g\ . To;}n] k':tsdf k9\g ldNg]
s'/f yf]/} 5 t/ gS;f, kmf]6f] / lrqx¿ ;fGble{s /hfgsf/Ld"ns 5g\ . cfsf/sf] t'ngfdf k':tsdf w]/};"rgf pknAw 5 . k':tsdf cufl8 ;f/ tyf cGTodf;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lsf] ;"rL k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . o;/L ;fgf]
k':tsdf klg g]kfnsf] efiff / ;+:s[lt ;DaGwL w]/}dxŒjk"0f{ ;"rgfx¿ 5g\, ;fGble{s gS;f, kmf]6f] /lrqx¿ c6fOPsf] 5 . k':ts k7gLo 5 .
lz If s j}zfv @)^$ 63