International Centre for Water Hazard and Risk Management
9th GEOSS Asia Pacific Symposium

Undersecretary Emil K. Sadain

Department of Public Works and Highways, Philippines
January 10-13, 2017

1. Overview

Outline of Presentation

Philippines’ Disaster Scenario
Impact of Natural Disasters
Natural Disasters in the Philippines: The Force That Knows NoBoundaries

2. Policy Frame Work and Key Directions
Legal Framework
Mandate of DPWH
Other DPWH Policy Initiatives

3. Actions to Mitigate Flooding

Nationwide, Medium Term Projects

4. Challenges

Metro Manila, Long Term Projects/ Pipeline Projects
Other Long Term Programs

The Philippines

Water-Related Disaster Data

 7, 107 islands
 Land Area: 298,170 km2

 Population: 105 Million

 Annual rainfall : 2,400 mm

River Basins in the Philippines
 18 Major River Basins Catchment Area >1,400 km2

 421 Principal River Basins Catchment Area >40 km2

 With intense rainfall: overflowing of waterways
 inundation and deposition ofsediment in flood plains extensive flood damages

often result.

World Risk Index
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
148
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170

Country
Vanuatu
Tonga
PhilippinesGuatemala
Bangladesh
Solomon Islands
Brunei Darussalam
Costa Rica
Cambodia
Papua New Guinea
El Salvador
Timor-Leste
Mauritius
Nicaragua
Guinea-Bissau
Germany
IsraelEgyptSingapore
Finland
NorwaySwedenUnited Arab Emirates
Kiribati
BahrainIceland
GrenadaBarbados
Saudi Arabia
Malta

Risk (%)
36.28
29.33
26.7
19.88
19.17
19.14
1717
16.58
16.43
16.05
15.69
15.53
14.62
13.56
2.95
2.3
2.29
2.27
2.21
2.19
2.12
1.97
1.78
1.69
1.52
1.42
1.32
1.14
0.6

The Philippines• Philippines ranks 3rd in the World Risk Index

PHILIPPINES: WORLD RISK INDEX,2011-2016
YearRank

WorldRisk
Index

2011

3

24.32%

45.09%

53.93%

34.99%

82.78%

44.01%

20123

27.98%

52.46%

53.35%

33.92%

83.09%

43.03%

20133

27.52%

52.46%

52.46%

33.74%

80.47%

43.16%

20142

28.25%

52.46%

53.85%

33.35%

80.03%

48.17%

20153

27.98%

52.46%

53.33%

32.00%

80.06%

47.94%

20163

26.70%

52.46%

50.90%

31.83%

80.92%

39.96%

Exposure

Vulnerability

Susceptibility

Lack of
CopingCapacities

Lack ofAdaptive
Capacities

It is no longer about a country’s exposure to natural disasters butthe capacity to build back, stand up and move forward from theadversities

Impact of Disasters (Typhoons and Flooding) Economic Cost of the Damages
Table 1 : Top 10 natural Disasters in the Philippines for the Period 1900 to 2014 sorted
by Economic Damage Costs :DisasterDateDamage (000 US $)Storm
08/11/2013
10'000'000
Flood
13/08/2013
2'190'000
Storm
04/12/2012
898'352
Flood
04/09/1995
700'300
Storm
29/09/2009
585'379
Storm
12/11/1990
388'500
Earthquake (seismic activity)
16/07/1990
369'600
Storm
24/09/2011
344'173
Storm
21/06/2008
284'694Storm
18/10/2010
275'745
Source : "EM-DAT : the OFDA/CRED International Disaster Databasewww.emdat.net - Universite Catholique de Louvain - Brussels - BelgiumImpact of Disasters
 Number of Affected Population
Table 2 : Top 10 Natural Disasters in the Philippines for the Period 1900 to 2014 sorted
by Numbers of Total Affected People :DisasterDateNo Total Affected
Storm
08/11/2013
16'106'807
Storm
04/12/2012
6'246'664
Storm
12/11/1990
6'159'569
Storm
24/09/2009
4'901'763
Storm
21/06/2008
4'785'460
Storm
29/09/2009
4'478'491
Flood
06/08/2012
4'451'725
Storm
21/10/1998
3'902'424
Storm
27/09/2006
3'842'406
Storm
20/11/1973
3'400'024
Source : "EM-DAT : the OFDA/CRED International Disaster Databasewww.emdat.net - Universite Catholique de Louvain - Brussels – BelgiumImpact of Disasters (Typhoons and Flooding) Number of Deaths
Table3 : Top 10 Natural Disasters in the Philippines for the period 1900 to 2014 sorted
by Numbers of Deaths :DisasterDate
No of Deaths
Storm
08/11/2013
7'986
Earthquake (seismic activity)
16/08/1976
6'000
Storm
05/11/1991
5'956
Earthquake (seismic activity)
16/07/1990
2'412
Storm
04/12/2012
1'901
Storm
29/11/2004
1'619
Storm
13/10/1970
1'551
Storm
15/12/2011
1'439
Storm
01/09/1984
1'399
Storm
30/11/2006
1'399
Source : "EM-DAT : the OFDA/CRED International Disaster Databasewww.emdat.net - Universite Catholique de Louvain - Brussels - Belgium

Natural Disasters in the Philippines:

The Force That Knows No Boundaries

 On the average 20 typhoons frequent the Philippines
annually Climate Change has caused the unprecedented shiftof the Philippine Typhoon Belt from Batanes andBicol Region to the Visayan Region
 Pacific-Visayas-West Philippines Sea Path ofTyphoons
 Approximately 4 to 5 have speeds of up to 220 kph
classifying them as category 4 or 5 typhoons
 60% Increase in Wetness (Wet Season)
 60% Increase in Dryness (Dry Season)

Source: NDRRMC Website

Luzon 2009

Typhoon Ondoy (Ketsana) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) /NASA – Multi Satellite Precipitation Analysis(MPA) showed Typhoon ‘Ketsana’poured 575mm of rainfall (6hr Rainfall) Monthly Ave. (September) rainfall record inmanila was poured over in 1 day.

2009 Luzon Flooding
Typhoon Ketsana (26 Sept 2009)

Luzon: 2009

Typhoon Pepeng (Parma) Destroyed 5,486 barangays in Regions I, II, III,V, VI, CAR and NCR
 Disrupted the lives of about 15,000 people Claimed the lives of about 500 Filipinos
 Damages: Php 27 Billion

Luzon: 2016Typhoon Nina (Nock-Ten)
 Category 5 Typhoon
 Caused Havoc to portions of CALABARZON,MIMAROPA, the Bicol Region and portions ofEastern Visayas Agricultural and Infrastructure Damage isapproximated to Php 681 Million
 Affected 206,812 families
 No. of Deaths: 9 fatalities, 10 missing
 In Bicol Region: 30,897 houses were damaged

Visayas: 2008

Typhoon Frank (Fengshen)

Agricultural Damage: Php 7.5 Billion
Infrastructure Damage: Php 5.9 Billion
Affected: 4,784,634 persons
Death: 1403 including victims of thecapsizing of MV Princess of the Stars
 87 missing, 826 injuredVisayas: 2013

Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan)
 Category 5: max sustained wind of up to315kph and gustiness of up to 279kph
 Affected Population: 16 Million
 Total Deaths: 6,300
 Displaced People: 4.1 Million
 Damages (houses) 1.1 Million
 The Deadliest Typhoon that has ever set
foot in Philippine Land

Mindanao: 2011

Typhoon Sendong (Washi)
Most destructive tropical storm in 2011
Death: 1,268
Affected 131,618 families
Affected Area: Regions VI,VII,IX,X,XI,
CARAGA and ARMM
 Hard Hit: Cagayan de Oro City (MisamisOriental) and Iligan City (Lanao del Norte) Total Damages: Php 2 BillionPolicy Framework and Key Directions

National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management in thePhilippines

1. Legal Framework






Republic Act 10121 or the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction andManagement Act (May 2010)
Created in response to the global call of mainstreaming Disaster RiskManagement and Climate Change Adaptation
It is a holistic, integrated, proactive and collaborative approach toDisaster Management
Vision: Safer , Adaptive and Disaster Resilient Filipino Communities
towards Sustainable Development (National Risk Reduction Plan
2011-2028)
The agency who shall coordinate amongst other concerned agencies
for the attainment of this goal is the National Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Council (NDRRMC)

Policy Framework and Key Directions

National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management in thePhilippines

Policy Framework and Key Directions
The Mandate of the Department of Public Works andHighways

1. Mandate of DPWH

2.
The Government’s champion in engineering and construction;
responsible for the planning, design, construction and maintenanceof infrastructure facilities particularly, national highways, floodcontrol and water resource development systems and other publicworks (PIDS, 2001).
DPWH on Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery.

Policy Framework and Key Directions
The Mandate of the Department of Public Works andHighways

Policy Framework and Key Directions
The Mandate of the Department of Public Works andHighways

Policy Framework and Key Directions

Other DPWH Policy Initiatives
1. Flood Management Master Plan
 Prioritize the construction of flood structures in highly flood prone areas
2. Bureau of Design Upgrades on Flood Control and Drainage Standardsa) Min. flood return periods of drainage pipes (15 yr flood); esteros/creeks(15 yr flood);b) principal and major rivers (50 yr flood)
3. Construction of vital infrastructures for flood mitigation and management
4. Reducing flood risk in floodplains through revisiting building code enforcement,i.e., adapting in the National Building Code, the flood provisions of the 2015
International Building Code
5. Reducing flood risk through Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) inurban watersheds

Completed and On-going Initiatives
DPWH Efforts to Mitigate Flooding

Completed and Ongoing Flood Control Projects

Pasig – Marikina River Improvement

Ormoc Flood Mitigation Project

Anilao Slit-Type Sabo Dam

Pinatubo Groundsills

Camiguin Sabo Dam

KAMANAVA Flood Control ProjectActions to Mitigate Flooding (Medium Term)
Completed and On-going Projects- Luzon

Southwest Mega Dike

Objective:
Prevent the frequent mudflow/flood
disasters in the Pasig Potrero River Basinin the Luzon Central Plan throughengineering works (dikes)

PINATUBO HAZARD URGENT MITIGATION PROJECT PHASE II

Actions to Mitigate Flooding (Medium Term)
Completed and On-going Projects- Luzon
Objective:

Closure Dike

Agno River(post improvement)

Reduction ofFlood Damage inthe Project Areaby Constructing
Floodway anddiversion
structures, river
improvement andconstruction ofbridges

T-Head Spur Dike

AGNO RIVER FLOOD CONTROL PROJECT PHASE II

Actions to Mitigate Flooding (Medium Term)
Completed and On-going Projects- Visayas
Objective:
Reduction of Flood
Damage in theProject Area byRiver Improvement
Works for Aganan
River, Tigum River,Jaro River, Ingore
Creek andConstruction of aFloodwayTigum River
with River Improvement
Works

Jaro Floodway

Development PlanILOILO FLOOD CONTROL PROJECT I & II

Actions to Mitigate Flooding (Medium Term)
Completed and On-going Projects- Mindanao
Objective:Agusan River Basin

Reduction of Flood Damage in the Project
Area by, in Phase I, Embankment Levee,
Construction of Floodwall, Dredging
Works, Urban Drainage System
Construction of Flood Gates and Soil Bank
Yard Treatment. Phase II included theImprovement of the West Banks,Construction of Magsaysay Viaduct, Banza
River Improvement and the Masao Riverand Urban Drainage System Improvement

Flood Sluice Gate

LOWER AGUSAN FLOOD CONTROL PROJECTLong Term Flood Control Projects for Metro Manila

METRO MANILA FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT MASTER PLAN

Vision: to provide a long termsolution to flooding throughstructural and non-structuralmeasures.

Timeline: 2011 to 2035
Structural Measures: Major Water

Impounding Dams, Retarding Basins,
Drainage Improvements, River Wall
Construction, Dredging, Desilting, Sea
Wall Construction and Upgrading ofExisting Pumping Stations and Road
Dikes

Non-Structural Measures: floodmodelling, forecasting and warning
systems, community awareness andinformation
campaign
andtheresettlement of over 100,000 families
living in informal settlements and along
the vulnerable water ways

Long Term Flood Control Projects for Metro Manila
Valenzuela-ObandoMeycauayan Area Drainage
System Improvement Project
F/S in 2008 (P10.9 B)

Upper Marikina River Channel
Improvement Project
F/S in 2002 (P3 B)

KAMANAVA Area Flood Control andDrainage System Improvement Project

Marikina Dam Project
Pre-F/S in 1991 (P4 B)

Tullahan River Flood Control
Project 2014

Completed in 2009 P7.2 B

San Juan River
Flood Control Project

Effective Flood Control Operation andWarning System Project (EFCOS)
Completed in 1992 PO.6 B

F/S in 2002 (P6.7 B)

Manila Flood Control ProjectPumping Stations and Floodgates

The Project for Rehabilitation of EFCOS
Completed in 2001 PO. 5 B

Completed in 1970’s-90’s Various Costs

Drainage Improvement inthe Core Area of Metropolitan Manila

East of Mangahan Floodway Area
Flood Mitigation Project
F/S in 2007 (P3.4 B)

F/S in 2005 (P15.4 B}
Pasig-Marikina River Channel
Improvement Project
Phase-I (D/D) : Completed in 2002
Phase-II (Pasig River) : On-going (P4.5 B)
Phase-III (Lower Marikina & MDGS) : for Funding
Phase-IV (Upper Marikina {Sto.Nino) : for Funding

Mangahan Floodway Project
Completed in 1988 P1.5 B
Napindan Hydraulic Control Structure(NHCS)
Completed in 1983 Cost: under Exploration

Paranaque Spillway ProjectMetro Manila Flood Control ProjectWest of Mangahan Floodway
Completed in 2008 P5.2 B

F/S in 1975 (P17.6 B)

Integrated Drainage Improvement
Project in Ninoy AquinoInternational Airport and Vicinity
F/S in 2004 (P7.9 B)

Comprehensive Flood Mitigation for
Cavite Lowland Area
M/P in 2008 (P8.9 B)
F/S in 2009 (P2.1 B)

Laguna Lake
Ring Road Dike Project
Scheme 2010 (P9 B)

SanControl
San Juan
Juan River
RiverFloodFloodControlProjectFunded),
Project(Locally(LocallyFunded),
2014
2014
Various UrgentandUrgentFlood
FloodControl
Control
Drainage
Improvement
Projects inand Drainage
Improvement
MetroManila(LocallyFunded)
Projectsin MetroManila
2014(Locally Funded) 2014

: Completed Projects: On-going Projects: Proposed Project for Funding: Additional Proposed Project for Funding: Project of which F/S has been completed

Long Term Flood Control Projects for Metro Manila
LAGUNA LAKE FLOOD CONTROL PROJECTSEast Manggahan
Floodway Project

Objectives: Flood mitigation inthe eastern area of Manggahan
Floodway against the intrusionof Laguna lake water and floodsof Buli, Cainta and Taytay rivers
Components: Construction ofSlope Protection along Cainta
and Taytay Rivers (9.2km);
Restoration of Damaged Slope
Protection along Marikina River(45m); Rehabilitation of Tullahan
River (387m), Repair ofDamaged Slope Protection
along Lakeshore Dikes, andConstruction and Repair of
Napindan Revetment Wall(136m)

Extension West ofManggahan
Floodway

Objectives: Flood mitigation inthe eastern area of Manggahan
Floodway against the intrusion of
Laguna lake
Components: This will be a 47
km flood control dike, with six(6)lane expressway. The project
shall include the construction ofinterchanges fridges, floodgatesand pumps from Taguig to Los
BanosParañaque Spillway
Objectives: Shortening theduration of flooding along theLaguna Lakeshore area bydischarging the lake water toManila Bay
Components: Open channel(partly arched tunnel of200m) of 8.3km connecting
Laguna Lake to Manila Bay
together with control gate

Long Term Flood Control Projects for Metro Manila
LAGUNA LAKE FLOOD CONTROL PROJECTSSan Juan River FloodControl Project

Various Flood Controland Drainage
Improvement Projects
in Metro Manila

Marikina Dam Project

Objectives: Flood mitigationin the eastern area ofMangahan Floodway againstthe intrusion of Laguna lakewater and floods of Buli,
Cainta and Taytay rivers

Objectives: Prevention of
perennial flooding in the corearea (73km2) of Metro
ManilaObjectives: Regulation offloods
fromMarikina
Watershed to 2,900m3/s atMarikina Bridge (a 30-year
return period flood)

Components: Protection of
San Juan and Quezon cities
from the overflow flood ofless than a 30-year return
periodComponents: Rehabilitationof drainage channel andpumping
stations,
andconstruction of additional
channels and pumping
stations

Components: 70m highconcrete gravity type dam at
Montalban gorge. With
200ha of reservoir, a 100year flood is regulated to bea 30-year flood.

Long Term Flood Risk Management Initiatives• Prioritization of Master Planning amongst otherstudies for the seven (7) Major River Basins that haveno Master Plan yet• Inventory and thorough review of all studies
conducted for the 18 Major River Basins andincluding those for immediate implementation in thepipeline• Review and strict implementation of the resettlement
laws and policies ensuring that there will be no
settlement in proximity to water ways

Long Term Flood Risk Management Initiatives• GIS-based digitization of the whole Metro Manila
drainage networks• Review of the allocation of funds for disaster risk
reduction by the Local Government Units (LGUs)• Creation of Environmental Crimes Strike Force under
the Philippine National Police (PNP)• The framework of Disaster Risk Reduction andManagement should consider institutionalizing a
feedback mechanism through a strict conduct of postdisaster assessment

THANK YOU!