MRPC-TOF
DEVELOPMENTCiRfSE Workshop Jan. 24, 2017
Kazuki SatoRHIC–PHENIX memorial year2016
 June RHIC-AGS meeting End of Run16 and all experiment October Carry out TOF and supermodules of RICH
 Prepare for shipping backDaniel and Mickey
celebrate end ofrun16 and PHENIX

RICH
SiRfCE workshop 2017

TOF on East arm2

J-PARC HEAVY ION PROGRAM
H. Sako et al.
White paper for a Future J-PARC Heavy-Ion Program (J-PARC-HI)

SiRfCE workshop 20173

 Search low energy and high chemical potential
area in QCD diagram by collisions with fixed target.

H.Masui PHENIX Focus Time Of Flight

1𝑚

Time of Flight [ns]mass ：𝑚 = 𝑝𝑡 2−1
𝐿

H.Sako et al.
Towards the heavy-ion program at J-PARC (2014) 60 × 60cm large and 30ps timing resolution isrequired at 1m far from collision point!!
SiRfCE workshop 20174charge / momentum

MULTI-GAP RESISTIVE PLATE CHAMBER× J-PARC

HOW MRPC WORKS
1. Charged particle injection
2. Avalanche by strong electric field
3. Read induced signal from readout pads

 Simple and reasonable materials.
 Easy to make larger one.
 Timing resolution can be improved by stacking more gaps.

SiRfCE workshop 20175

 Match to requirements of Heavy-Ion program at J-PARC

MRPC STRUCTURE AND
TYPICAL SETUP
gas boxpreampHV +HV −MRPC

preampcharged particle
4 stuck MRPC structure

SiRfCE workshop 201764

MRPC FAMILY

smalltype

SONY
type1

Size:
Read-padwidth:

100 × 136
24

100 × 136
24100 × 136
11300 × 200
24

Gas gap width[μm] × number

165 × 6,148 × 6,
128 × 7104 × 9260 × 5

260 × 5165 × 6Structure
print board

4 stack
FR-4

1 stack
FR-4+ mylar film

1 stack
FR-4+ mylar film

4 stack
FR-4

SiRfCE workshop 2017

SONYtype2※largetype※ Designed by SONY GM & O corporation

7※

POSITRON BEAM TEST AT ELPH INTOHOKU UNIV.
Research Center for ELectron PHoton Science

MRPC inside

Scintillators for trigger

SiRfCE workshop 2017

MRPC in gas box TPC (JAEA)

8~500MeV positronSiRfCE workshop 20179BASICPERFORMANCEDATA EXTRACTION
𝑉 [𝑚𝑉]

𝐶2
Fit function： 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝐶1 +𝑥 − 𝐶3
1 + exp
𝐶490%

𝐴𝑄 𝐴：Amplitude 𝑄：Integrate around peak
 𝑡0 ：Time that signal reached 𝐴/2
 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 ：Time to rise up (10% to 90%)

Signal taken by DRS4 evaluation
board𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒
50%

10%𝑄
𝑡0𝑡 [𝑛𝑠]

5GHz flash ADC

9SiRfCE workshop 2017

T. Nonaka master thesis (2015)

10DRS4 Evaluation BoardMRPC A vs Q
[𝑚𝑉]

[𝑚𝑉]

Streamer event

Q [𝑎. 𝑢. ]1. QUALITY OF SIGNAL

[𝑛𝑠]
[𝑛𝑠]

Inefficiency
A [mV]

SiRfCE workshop 20171111

2. EFFICIENCY (BEAM)
8.6cm

smalltype

Beam spot

4.0cm

SiRfCE workshop 201712

 > 98% the best (includingstreamer) Streamer gradually
increases as voltage rises.

3. TIMING RESOLUTION (BEAM)

small
type

SiRfCE workshop 201713

 Best timing resolution:
67.4 ± 2.8 ps @ 12.0 kV
 Consistent to cosmic ray.

3. TIMING RESOLUTION (BEAM)
SONY
type1

SONY
type2

H. KatoH. KatoBest timing resolution− type1: 85.4 ± 2.4ps− type2: 78.9 ± 1.8ps

thinner pad is better

SiRfCE workshop 201714

4 stack with type2 can be 40ps??

K. Sato
2015-2016

T. Nonaka2015

preamp gain

small
type

voltage [kV]

 104 ㎛ performed the best these days.
 The best timing resolution ~50ps marked by 165㎛.

SiRfCE workshop 201715timing resolution [ps]4. TIMING RESOLUTION (COSMIC RAY)CONCLUSION−Different type of MRPCs are designed and tested, withcollaboration with SONY GM&O.
− Thinner read out pad has better timing resolution.
−The optimum operating voltage for small type is around 12kV as
efficiency and timing resolution.
− The best timing resolution with beam is 67.4 ± 2.8𝑝𝑠.
− Efficiency over 98%.

FUTURE WORKS

SiRfCE workshop 201716

− Design preamp that can preform well for high frequency signal.
− Match impedance of preamp for SONY and large type.
− Test 4 stacked SONY-type2 MRPC and 104-㎛ gap MRPC withbeam.

PICTURE BIBLIOGRAPHY
 PHENIX Focus Time Of FlightH.Masui White paper for a Future J-PARC Heavy-Ion Program (J-PARCHI) May 27, 2016 H. Sako et al.
 J-PARC official web site http://j-parc.jp/
 ELPH–Tohoku University official web site
http://hayabusa1.lns.tohoku.ac.jp/

SiRfCE workshop 201717

 Towards the heavy-ion program at J-PARC Aug. 26th, 2014H.Sako et al.

BACK UP

SiRfCE workshop 201718

Attenuator

Discriminator

Splitter

PMT6
Scintillator3

MRPCTrigger

DRS4
#217
CH12NIM -> TTL

PMT5PreAmp
PreAmp(CH4)
CH3CH2

MRPC2
MRPC1

ORNIM -> TTL
NIM -> TTL

PMT4Coincidence

Scintillator2
PMT3

Gate &Delay
CH4
CH3
CH2
CH1

PMT2
Scintillator1

PMT1

CH4
CH3
CH2
CH1

Cosmic ray

SiRfCE workshop 2017

Trigger
DRS4#216
9Trigger

DRS4#217019

Streamer[𝑚𝑉]cathode Electron in atoms are excited
 Photon comes out when it comeback to basic state Ionize cathode Delayed avalanche

streamer[𝑛𝑠]

SiRfCE workshop 201720

DRS4の時差補正
Splitter

異なるDRS4に同じ矩形波を入力する

PMTCoincidence

CH4
CH3CH2CH1CH4CH3CH2CH1𝑡0 の平均値にそろえる

補正前Gate&Delay(CH4)CH3
CH2
CH1DRS
4DRS
4DRS
4

補正後

SiRfCE workshop 2017

21

先行研究
• ４段型MRPC（ギャップ幅165𝜇𝑚）宇宙線を用いた実験で時間分解能47.5 ± 3.4 𝑝𝑠 を達成。
（2015年、筑波大学グループ、野中俊宏氏修士論文）• １段型MRPCでガスギャップ幅が狭くなるほど時間分解能が向上する傾向。

時間分解能 [ps]（2002年、LHC-ALICE、Addendum to the TDR of the Time Of Flight System）

6

電場の強さ [𝑉/𝜇𝑚]

SiRfCE workshop 201722

How to Estimate Timing Resolution
信号到達時間：S

飛行時間

[𝑛𝑠]
[𝑛𝑠]

𝑡0,𝑃𝑀𝑇1 + 𝑡0,𝑃𝑀𝑇2
𝑆1 =2222𝜎𝑀𝑅𝑃𝐶−𝑆123= 𝜎𝑆123+ 𝜎𝑀𝑅𝑃𝐶222𝜎𝑆𝑖−𝑆𝑗= 𝜎𝑆𝑖− 𝜎𝑆𝑗

12𝜎𝑆𝑇𝐴𝑅𝑇=

111++222𝜎𝑆1𝜎𝑆2𝜎𝑆3MRPCの時間分解能 𝜎𝑀𝑅𝑃𝐶

𝜎𝑆𝑖 ~ 70𝑝𝑠
𝜎𝑆𝑇𝐴𝑅𝑇 ~ 55𝑝𝑠
SiRfCE workshop 201723

読出し回路とガス・電圧
PMT: R3478 浜松ホトニクス
シンチレータ： EJ-200 ELGEN Technology
Discriminator
PMT6(CH4)
CH3
CH2

シンチレータ３

PMT5MRPCPreAmp
PreAmpフィンガーカウンター

CH1

MRPC2
MRPC1

NIM -> TTL
Coincidence

PMT4
シンチレータ２

TriggerDRS4

PMT3
PMT2

シンチレータ１
PMT1

Gate &Delay•

MRPC HV: ±5~8𝑘𝑉•PMT HV: −1750𝑉•

プリアンプ：± 8𝑉•

ガス（１気圧）‒R134a：91%‒SF6： 9%10500MeV 陽電子ビーム
SiRfCE workshop 201724

セットアップ
宇宙線・ビーム
シンチレーションカウンター↓

ガスボックス

プリアンプ

MRPC

プリアンプ

• データ記録：DRS4 Evaluation Board version 3.0– 200ps間隔でサンプリングする回路。
– USB端子からデジタルデータとして送信する。

トリガー信号

1～4 チャンネルUSB

DRS48SiRfCE workshop 201725

Gas mixture dependence
in order to reduce the ratio of streamer event
Small• Enough amount gas reduces streamer and quenching gas

SiRfCE workshop 201726

2. Rise time𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 vs Voltage• Clear difference is not observed.
≫ need to improve preamp?

Rise time is changed inmany events at highvoltage??
13

SiRfCE workshop 201727

Shape of Signal

11

SiRfCE workshop 201728

Timing Resolution and Efficiency
上図が時間分解能
下図がefficiency

左は波高とトリガーでのカットも載せてあります
どちらが使いやすいか分からなかったので両方のせました

白抜き四角が波高で閾値を決めたefficiency
マーカーが対応している
例えば赤丸白抜きの分解能を出すためには赤丸白抜きのefficiencyになってしまう29

2. EFFICIENCY (BEAM)
small
type

SONY
type1

H. Katolarge
type

SONY
type2

T. IchisawaH. Kato

SiRfCE workshop 201730

 The best efficiency of each MRPC is more than 95%

3. TIMING RESOLUTION (BEAM)
smalltype

SONY
type1

Best timing resolution− type1: 85.4 ± 2.4ps− type2: 78.9 ± 1.8ps

thinner pad is better
H. Kato

SONY
type2

T. Ichisawa

H. Kato

NEED TO MATCH
IMPEDANCE!!!
SiRfCE workshop 2017

31

large
type

strong refection
in large MRPC