J.Mycopathol.Res. 62(2) : 357-360, 2024, ISSN : 0971-3719 (Print), 2583-6315 (Online)© Indian Mycological Society, Department of Botany,
University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700 019, India

10.57023/JMycR.62.2.2024.357

Studies on the effects of weather parameter correlation on the biologicalefficiency of Pleurotus florida and Pleurotus sajor-caju (CTMRT strain)in the East and South Eastern coastal plains of Odisha
MANOJ KUMAR ROUT1*,KAILASH BEHARI MOHAPATRA2, SUSANT KUMAR SWAIN3
AND UTTAM KUMAR BEHERA4
1Division ofSeed Pathology,Seed Technology Research,AICRP on Seed (Crops),2
Departmentof Plant Pathology, 3Division of Agronomy Directorate of Research, and 4Division of Seed
Entomology,Seed Technology Research,AICRP on Seed (Crops)
Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology,Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha
Received : 15.02.2024

Accepted : 02.05.2024

Published : 24.06.2024

Pleurotus is one of the most extensively studied white rot fungi due to its exceptional ligninolytic properties. It
is a mushroom that may be eaten, and weather factors such as temperature, relative humidity, light levels,
etc.affect its survival. Different multiple regression analyses were run in the current study to determine theinfluence of independent variables on dependent variables. The investigation focused on two important oyster
mushroom species i.e.,Pleurotusflorida another is Pleurotussajor-caju (CTMRT strain). The combined effectsof mean daytime temperature and relative humidity on biological efficiency were calculated to be 98.20% and94.70% respectively, at the 5% and 1% levels, and multiple correlation coefficients “r” were calculated to be
0.996 and 0.989 for above two species. A negative correlation was observed between mean maximum andmean minimum temperatures with biological efficiency and correlation coefficient “r” was recorded -0.804(non-significant) and -0.984 (significant at 1% level) for P.florida,-0.936 and -0.887(significant both at 1% and5% level) in P.sajor-caju (CTMRT strain).
Keywords: Biological efficiency, Correlation coefficient, Relative humidity, Temperature

INTRODUCTION
It has been documented that though over 200species of mushrooms have long been utilizedas functional foods worldwide (Kalac, 2013),only
roughly 35 species have been commerciallygrown for profit. Proteins, minerals, and vitamins
B, C, and D are among the many nutrients they
contain in abundance (Panjikkaran and Mathew,2013).Mushrooms are considered a delicacy
meal because of their pleasing flavor anddistinctive bite-ability.
On the global mushroom market, Pleurotus
mushrooms come in second place. Because
they produce a white mycelium and are typicallygrown on non-composted lignocellulosic
substrates, Pleurotus spp. of the class
Basidiomycetes are referred to as “white rot fungi”(Tsujiyama andUeno, 2013). Species of Pleurotus*Correspondence: manojkrout@ouat.ac.ingrow more quickly than other types ofmushrooms. Its fruiting body is rarely attacked
by diseases and pests, and it can be produced
easily and inexpensively. It also has a high yield,
extensive substrate usage, spore lessness, awide range of temperature and chemical
tolerance, as well as environmental
bioremediation capabilities.It can develop at avariety of temperatures by using different typesof lignocelluloses (Sánchez, 2010). Oyster
mushrooms have become more widely grown
due to its therapeutic qualities, ability to grow at awide range of temperatures, and ability towithstand various agricultural residues.
Additionally, it is highly adaptive to a range ofagroclimatic situations on diverse agricultural
waste types. Numerous variables, including
temperature, humidity, and the sterility of thesubstrates- which can work alone or in
combination with one another—are important for
mushroom production.

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Weather parameters affecting biological efficiency of Pleurotus sp.

When it comes to oyster mushroom productionin India, Odisha is the top state. Due to theirsuperior flavor and soft, fleshy texture, one
species Pleurotusflorida and another
Pleurotussajor-caju are the dominant species inthe state.Because of the region’s mild winters,
humid coastal agro-ecological conditions, plentyof labour and agricultural waste, oyster
mushroom production is highly advantageous.It
is cultivated in outdoor under tree shade in somedistricts. Nonetheless, in the remaining districts,
it is primarily grown inside. Consequently, the goalof the current study is to investigate how
meteorological conditions affect the biologicalefficiency of Pleurotus spp.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Different studies were undertaken during thecourse of investigation by taking two species ofoyster mushroom fungus, such as P.florida andP. sajor-caju (CTMRT strain). Fifteen day old puremycelial cultures of the test fungi were used invarious studies.
Rice straw that was hand-threshed, well-dried,and no older than a year was used. To prevent
moisture, the straw bundles were kept in a
protected environment. Using a chaff cutter, thestraw was chopped to a size of 1.5 to 2.0 inches.
One bag’s worth of preparation required 1.5 kg
of dry chopped straw.
To maintain proper humidity, aerial spraying ofwater was done and the sand put on the floor
was also kept moist besides watering thesubstrate.All the experiments were conductedduring the winter period(November to March) thebest season for mushroom cultivation. Fullycolonized bags were hung on bamboo sticks inthe farm house for fruit body initiation.
A single bag (80cm x 40cm) needed three bundlesof paddy straw which weighed approximately 1.5
kg. After being cut into 1.5–2.0 inch pieces with achaff cutter, the straw was placed in gunny bags
and left to soak for six hours in a solution
containing 7.5 g of carbendazim and 125 ml offormalin per 90 litres of water.The soaked straw
in gunny bag were removed spread over a
concrete floor to drain remaining water and shed

[J.Mycopathol.Res :dried. The palm test ensured that the substrate’s
moisture level was 65% before spawning.
In the incubation area, spawned bags were stored
on shelves to allow mycelia to colonize in thesubstrate. Bags were not opened and noventilation was required throughout mycelia
growth.Furthermore, there was no requirementof spraying moisture as it does not require tomaintain a high relative humidity. The maximum,minimum temperature and RH of theincubationchamber were recorded on daily basis.
After the mycelium had completely colonized thesubstrate and developed a thick mycelia mat, thebags were taken out of the incubation room,
stripped, and stacked in tiers on wooden shelvesin the cropping room, leaving at least 15-20 cm
separating each bed.
To encourage fruiting, the right conditions oftemperature (20–300C), relative humidity (70–80%), and light (200 lux or 12 hrs per day) weremaintained. To keep the substrate moist, water
was sprayed into the bags twice a day in themorning and the afternoon.
After three to four days of opening of bags,
mushroom primordia started to appear.
Mushrooms were harvested in about three days
after their appearance. Mushroom fruiting
continued after harvesting of first flush at aninterval of 7 days up to 3 flushes covering a crop
period of 55-65 days.
The average biological efficiency (BE) of theharvests was calculated as per Peng et al.
(2000).
Biological efficiency =Weight of fresh mushrooms
picked perbag

x 100

Weight of each bag’s dry
substrate prior to inoculation

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
To determine the effect of independent variables
on dependent variables, multiple regression
analysis was done (Tables 1, 2).
P. sajor-caju (CTMRT strain)
A negative correlation was established between
both mean maximum and mean minimum

Manoj Kumar Rout and others

62(2) June, 2024]

temperatures with biological efficiency and thecorrelation coefficient ‘r’ was recorded at -0.936
and -0.887 (significant both at 1 % and 5 % level)
in P. sajor-caju (CTMRT strain). The spawningperiod were not statistically different in respect of
the influence of mean relative humidity on
biological efficiency. The prediction equation wasrepresented as follows:y = 605.957 -14.118X1 – 3.176 X2 – 2.158 X3
where y = Biological efficiency; X 1 = Mean
maximum temperature; X 2 = Mean minimum
temperature X3 = Mean relative humidity.
Overall, it was determined that the mean day
temperature, relative humidity contributed 94.70%
to biological efficiency. The multiple regression
coefficient, or “r,” was computed at 0.989 and wasfound to be significant at the 5% and 1% levels(Fig. 1).
P. florida
A negative correlation was established between
both mean maximum and mean minimum
temperatures with biological efficiency and thecorrelation coefficient ‘r’ was recorded at -0.804(non-significant) and -0.984 (significant at 1 %359level) P. florida. The spawning periods were notstatistically different in respect of the influence ofmean relative humidity on biological efficiency.
The prediction equation was represented asfollows:
y = 415.470 – 6.989X1 – 1. 245 X2 – 1.548 X3
where, y = Biological efficiency X 1 = Mean
maximum temperature; X 2 = Mean minimumtemperature; X3 = Mean relative humidity.
The multiple regression coefficient “r” wasestimated at 0.996 and found to be significant
atboth the 5% and 1% level (Fig. 2). The total
contribution of mean day temperature and relative
humidity on biological efficiency was determined
to the tune of 98.20 %.
DISCUSSION
The productivity of Pleurotus species was shown
to be significantly influenced by the maximum andminimum day temperatures as well as the relative
humidity, according to a multiple regression
analysis conducted to determine the impact ofindependent variables on dependent variables.
The investigation revealed a negative association
between biological efficiency and the mean
maximum and mean minimum temperatures.

Table. 1: Influence of weather parameters on biological efficiency of Pleurotussajor-caju(CTMRT strain)oMean temperature ( C)

PeriodMean RH
Biological(%)
efficiency (%)

Prediction equation

Maximum

Minimum

1.11.2010-31.12.2010

29.08

17.95

73.00

92.08

Y=605.957-14.118X1+3.176X2 – 2.158 X3

1.01.2011-28.02.2011

30.81

15.76

64.44

82.50

R2 = 0.979

1.03.2011-30.04.2011

36.12

23.35

66.33

31.60

Adj R = 0.947

1.05.2011-30.06.2011

35.80

25.91

77.06

9.00

1.07.2011-31.08.2011

32.41

25.32

87.88

42.98

1.09.2011-31.10.2011

32.50

23.55

78.83

53.68

2Table 2: Influence of weather parameters on biological efficiency of PleurotusfloridaoMean temperature ( C)
PeriodMaximum

Minimum

Mean RH(%)

Biologicalefficiency

Prediction equation(%)
1.11.2010-31.12.2010

29.08

17.95

73.00

79.62

1.01.2011-28.02.2011

30.81

15.76

64.44

79.13

Y=415.470-6.989X1 -1.245X2 – 1.548 X3
R2 = 0.993

1.03.2011-30.04.2011

36.12

23.35

66.33

32.44

Adj R = 0.982

1.05.2011-30.06.2011

35.80

25.91

77.06

14.46

1.07.2011-31.08.2011

32.41

25.32

87.88

22.38

1.09.2011-31.10.2011

32.50

23.55

78.83

32.70

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Weather parameters affecting biological efficiency of Pleurotus sp.

[J.Mycopathol.Res :cultivation; their effects on productivity are wellestablished. The commercial farmers will beencouraged by this to increase their productivity
and output even more.Theimpact of relative
humidity on biological efficiency across the six
seeding dates examined.
CONCLUSION
Fig.1: Effect of weather parameters on Biological Efficiency ofPleurotussajorcaju

Fig. 2: Effect of weather parameters on Biological Efficiency ofPleurotus florida

However, across the six planting periods
examined, there was no discernible variation in
the mean relative humidity’s impact on biologicalefficiency.The findings of this investigation
wassubstantiated with the findings of Li et al.
(2015), the appropriate humidity during thedarkened spawn-running and mycelia stimulation
should encompass a range between 60–75% and
85–97% respectively, in the environment, enablinga satisfactory growth of Pleurotus spp biological
Kurtzman and Martinez-Carrera (2013)stated that
all mushrooms, which require light, use acommon regulatory pathway for basidioma
development.
It was discovered that the mean daily
temperature and relative humidity had aconsiderable overall impact on biologicalefficiency at both the 5% and 1% levels. When it
comes to oyster mushroom production in anindustrial setting, the effects of temperature andhumidity on the species’ productivity are
significant. If at all possible, these crucial
characteristics must be altered to get respectableyields from large-scale oyster mushroom

The impact of the independent variables wasdetermined using multiple regression
analysisrevealed a negative association between
mean maximum and dependent variablesmean
lowest temperatures that both species’ biologicalefficiency was assessed for.The combined
impact of daily mean temperature and relative
humidity on biological processes. It wasdiscovered that efficiency was substantial at boththe 1% and 5% levels.
DECLARATIONSConflict of Interest. Authors declare no conflict ofinterest.
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