Volume 6, Issue 3 September 2021

Visual ICPE 2021
Participants: 430 from 19 countries and regions
Australia

BrazilCanadaChina

FranceGermany

Hong Kong

Japan

Korea

Malaysia

Netherlands

Singapore

Sri Lanka

ThailandTunisia

UkraineUnited Kingdom

United States

Viet Nam

Full Papers: 65 from 12 countries and regions
Australia

China

GermanyJapan

Malaysia

Singapore

Sri Lanka

ThailandUkraineUnited Kingdom

United States Viet Nam

Program:
Proceedings1Volume 6, Issue 3 September 20212

Volume 6, Issue 3 September 2021

Remarks of ICPE 2021
Tatsunori Matsumoto
Chair, ICPE 2021 Organizing Committee
Vice President, IPA
The organizing committee and IPA first scheduled to hold the Second International Conference on Press-in Engineering(ICPE 2021) on site in Kochi, the birthplace of the Press-in technology, following the 1st conference (ICPE 2018). However,to prevent the expansion of the coronavirus infection (COVID-19), after discussion among the persons concerned
including the IPA Directors, we decided to hold ICPE 2021 on-line and on-demand styles. In spite of it, the name of theconference was kept as ICPE 2021, Kochi, and many institutes in Kochi Prefecture as well as other places supported ICPE
2021. The year of 2021 is the 15th year from the founding of IPA in 2007 with the founding President, Dr. Malcom Bolton.
IPA has been distributing the Press-in technology over the world, and Press-in machines are used in 41 countries atpresent. In order to mature the Press-in community as well as the Press-in technology, integration of geotechnicalengineering, foundation engineering, mechanical engineering, information technology, environmental engineering andmeasuring engineering etc. is inevitable. ICPE 2021 aimed to promote the academic field of “Press-in engineering”, whereexperts of various academic fields interact with a focus on the Press-in method. The conference offered opportunities foracademics and practitioners to intercommunicate with one another, and for students and young experts to present theirachievements.
In response to our call for papers, the organizing committee had received over 70 abstracts, and after rigorous peer review
process 65 papers from 12 countries have been selected for publication in the conference. The organizing committee wasdeeply moved by that the number of participants (registrants) was 430 from 19 countries, which exceeded those in the
1st conference (426 participants from 17 countries in ICPE 2018), even though ICPE 2021 was held in the difficult time.
These facts clearly indicate that interest in the Press-in technology and its demand are increasing in construction industry
over a wide area of the world.
This conference was supported by 27 institutes, and funding was committed from two organizations, THE KAJIMA
FOUNDATION and THE MAEDA ENGINEERING FOUNDATION. IPA has had a great privilege to have very distinguishedmembers in the international advisory board, including the current President and Secretary General of International
Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, the past Chair and Secretary General of Asian Civil Engineering
Coordinating Council, and the current President of Japanese Geotechnical Society and two past Presidents. This would
demonstrate an increasing recognition and high credibility of IPA in construction industry over the world.
We selected the main theme in this conference as "Evolution and Social Contribution of Press-in Engineering for
Infrastructure Development, and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation". The background of this theme was as follows.
There is a growing need for the maintenance and renovation of obsolete infrastructures in developed countries,
developing countries face compelling challenges of constructing adequate infrastructures in response to rapid
urbanization, and we are witnessing greater threats of earthquakes, typhoons, and other natural disasters, which forces
us to recognize and acknowledge the unexpected vulnerability of infrastructures. We were extremely delighted to have
two distinguished keynote speakers Dr. Yozo Fujino and Dr. Mark Randolph. Dr Fujino is currently the President of Josai
University. At the same time, he is the Distinguished Professor in Yokohama National University, the Distinguished Chair
Professor in Hong Kong Polytechnic University, and the Professor Emeritus in the University of Tokyo. He has been
engaged in many big projects of bridges and other structures, both in and outside of Japan. Dr. Randolph is Emeritus
Professor, The University of Western Australia, and Technical Authority, Fugro. IPA is proud of that his keynote lecture in
ICPE 2021 is also IPA 15th Anniversary Commemorative Lecture. I believe that the keynote lectures gave us clear ideas forroles and necessary development of Press-in technology in the near future.
Researches of the technical committees (TCs) in IPA have been very active. Five TCs have been established so far. The
State-of-the-Art Report lectures were delivered from TC1 (Application of cantilever type steel tubular pile wall embedded
to stiff ground), TC2 (Estimation of Subsurface Information from Data Obtained during Press-in Piling) and TC3 (Expansionof Applicability and Assessment of Seismic Performance of PFS (Partial Floating Sheet pile) Method. The SOA lectures
suggested new design concepts for foundation structures constructed using Press-in technology.
As the Chair of the Organizing Committee, I would like to take this opportunity to express my appreciation to all themembers of the International Advisory Board, the Organizing Committee, the Scientific Working Group, theAdministrative Working Group, and paper reviewers for their dedicated efforts to make this event a great success.
3

Volume 6, Issue 3 September 2021

Keynote Lecture 1

Research and Development for Infrastructure, Renovation,and Management
Alexis Philip Acacio
Professor, Institute of Civil Engineering
University of the Philippines
The keynote lecture of Prof. Yozo Fujino started by citing the late Prof. David Billington’s three (3) “E” requirements on
towers and bridge – efficient, economical, and elegant. Being efficient and economical are typical criteria that almost all
engineers use and thus, needs no further explanation. However, the elegant criterion is quite unusual and thus, hedefined it as “ones which we would like to paint.” From this he pointed out that painting bridges is an effective way toknow and learn bridge structures, primarily due to the immense time one would need in observing the subject in orderto produce the painting. Fig. 1 shows the painting album of Prof. Fujino. Prof. Fujino studied dynamic action of long-spanbridges under wind loading through wind tunnel experiments. However, real world bridge actions (vibrations) are much
more “exciting” and different from the laboratory simulated actions. Live loads from moving vehicles, pedestrians andearthquakes produce behaviors that are more complicated. Due to the vital role that civil infrastructures play in oursociety, it is important to study the actual performance of the infrastructures under real loads.
Without proper maintenance, infrastructures deteriorate and will inevitably collapse. This often results to damage inproperties and even loss of life. Damage in infrastructures (e.g., bridges, tunnels, etc.) is often not visible, making visualinspection not always effective in assessing the condition of infrastructures. In December of 2012, concrete roof panelsof over 130 meter in length in a tunnel in Japan suddenly collapsed, resulting to the first human-loss accident related tomaintenance that occurred in the country. This became a wake-up call for Japan, which in turn lead to having safety of
infrastructure as one priority in research and development. The following year (2013), Council of Science, Technology andInnovation (CSTI) proposed Strategic Innovation Program (SIP). The SIP projects include research to implement advanced
technologies in society through collaboration among ministries, government institutions, universities, and industry.
This is where SIP projects come into the maintenance of infrastructures (Fig. 2). Advanced technology needs to beincorporated in assessing the condition of the infrastructures to properly identify the damage that cannot be determinedthrough visual inspection alone and to avoid labor-intensive programs. Multiple disciplines (e.g., Information, robotics,
and material technology, etc.), on top of civil engineering, is necessary to come up with an efficient and cost-effective
civil infrastructure management system. From the research under the SIP, multiple inspection systems using advanced
technology (e.g., drones, robotics, etc.) were developed and implemented on actual assessment of infrastructures. Asidefrom the decrease in manpower needed to carry out the assessment, the use of advance technology also allowed
inspections to be done without causing significant disturbance to the infrastructure users (i.e., vehicles in a bridge /tunnel). Prediction models in estimating the residual fatigue life of reinforced concrete bridge slab was also developed
using the information gathered from the advanced inspection methods.
With the productive output that the SIP produced with the interplay of multiple disciplines and having civil engineeringas the bridge / center of these disciplines, Prof. Fujino highlighted that civil engineer are capable in producing innovative
outputs by widening their horizon according to one’s interest and the needs of the society.

Fig. 1. Bridge painting album of Prof. Fujino

Fig. 2. SIP Infrastructure4Volume 6, Issue 3 September 2021

Keynote Lecture 2 (IPA 15th Anniversary Special Keynote Lecture)

Design Considerations in Tip Resistance of Piles Jacked or
Driven into Strong Soil or Weak RockAdnan Anwar Malik
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Saitama University
Prof. Mark Randolph gave the IPA 15th year keynote lecture in
ICPE2021. He is an Emeritus Professor in Centre of Offshore
Foundation Systems, Ocean Graduate School, The University ofWestern Australia. The contents of the lecture are thecharacterization of weak rock (in terms of strength and its massproperties), extraction of rock parameters for the estimation of castin-situ and driven piles capacity, and pile tip damage during pile
installation. Mostly correlations with unconfined compressive
strength (UCS, qucs) are used to estimate the end-bearing and limiting
shaft resistance. But the available UCS data is typically scattered andsparse. However, in certain weak rocks, the penetrometer data canbe helpful to improve the profiling. The lecture also highlighted theimportance to further exploring the discontinuity while moving from soft rocks to strong soils whose strengths are basedon undrained shear strength (Su) or cone resistance (qc). Based on UCS and CAU test data on soft rocks like partiallyweathered mudstone, limestone, chalk, a correlation can be made between cone resistance (qc) and cone factor (Nk) toestimate the shear strength of rock. According to this correlation, the strength of the material increases exponentiallywith the increase in Nk factor. The appropriate Nk values for the pile design in strong soil can be considered between 1215, whereas Nk values in soft rock can be considered between 50-60. In the Hoek-Brown model, the involved parameters
are strongly correlated with the geologic strength index (GSI), which is a subjective measurement that includes
observation of discontinuities and the general intactness of the sample. The rock unconfined strength ratio (qucs/σci, intact
rock strength σci) and rock global mass strength ratio (qcm/σci) decreases with the decrease in geologic strength index (GSI)or quality of rock. However, the difference between the decreasing trend of rock unconfined strength ratio and rock global
mass strength ratio against GSI become larger as GSI value decreases below 50-60%. So, it should be kept in mind wheninterpreting the UCS data for design, especially for weak rock or GSI less than 60%.
Prof. Mark Randolph also commented on the effective construction of jacked or driven piles and cast-in-situ piles during
the lecture. The jacked or driven piles are less commonly used in soft rock unless it is penetrated through the soft stratum
to reach hard stratum to utilize end-bearing. It is also difficult to estimate the shaft resistance for driven or jacked piles,
and the chances of pile tip damage are high. Cast-in-situ pile shaft friction can be enhanced through an expandable
grooving tool (used in NW Shelf of Australia) to obtain a rough surface for better interlocking, and base resistance can beenhanced through base grouting, expander body, and Bi-directional jacking. For axial pile design for end-bearing capacity,
it is better to use the hyperbolic relationship between UCS and end-bearing resistance with limiting the end-bearing
capacity as 2 times the UCS at high UCS values of the material (greater than 15 MPa) and 5 times the UCS at lower UCS
values of the material (less than 0.2 MPa). The interface roughness considerably affects the shaft resistance. Intermediaterock strength gives a very rough shaft (higher interlocking), whereas strong rock and strong soil give a smooth shaft (lower
interlocking). Moreover, the normalized shaft friction (τs/Su) varies with shaft diameter, i.e. a small diameter shaft has
higher shaft friction (Seidel and Haberfield 1995). The normalized shaft friction has a linear relationship with the squareroot of the normalized shear strength for strong soils and soft rocks. However, the parameter Ψ is 0.5 for hard soils and
2.0 for soft rock, and this difference is due to the interlocking function (Kulhawy and Phoon 1993).
The new installation piling techniques like vibratory installation, small groups of rings of piles, and silent piling (screw pile,
push-in technology) can overcome the issues related to monopile installation, such as environmentally damaging effecton marine life and pile tip damage. Based on previous and ongoing studies, it stated that the pile with a larger pile
diameter to wall thickness ratio (D/t) is more vulnerable to pile tip damage, and its phenomenon can be explored throughphysical (centrifuge) and numerical modelling (more challenging). A better design approach is to separate and analyze
the pile tip damage reasons such as dent initiation and extrusion buckling. Comparing the pile strength with boulder
resistance will establish whether the dent will develop or not. Later, in order to sense the extrusion buckling, the lateralsoil forces with structural force should be compared.
5

Volume 6, Issue 3 September 2021

State-of-the-Art Session
Yoshiaki Kikuchi
Chair, IPA Research Committee
Professor, Tokyo University of Science
The State-of-the-Art Session was held in the morning of Day two. In the session there were three reports. These reports
were related to the topics conducted by IPA technical committees which worked and finished until 2020. The report 1, 2
and 3 were related to TC1, TC2, and TC3, respectively.
(1) State-of-the-Art Report 1
The report was titled 'Application of cantilever type steel tubular pile wall embedded to stiff grounds' and reported by
Associate Professor Jiro Takemura who was the chair of TC1. By the Press-in method, cantilever type steel tubular pilewall can be constructed even in stiff ground. When expanding the road width in a valley-like place, upright wall can beeasily constructed to the slope by this method and by the wall, the road expansion will be easily finished. But according
to traditional design method, the wall requires deep embedment length, because of less experience of stiff steel pilewalls in stiff ground condition. Centrifugal experiments and numerical analysis were conducted to propose new design
method for cantilever type steel pile walls. The main conclusion of the research was that embedment length of the pilewall should be determined by the allowable deflection of the wall top and maximum bending moment of the pile.
(2) State-of-the-Art Report 2
The report was titled 'Use of press-in piling data for estimating subsurface information' and reported by Mr. Yukihiro
Ishihara who was the secretary of TC2. The Japanese version of the final report was published covered TC work in 2016
and 2017. A machine used for press-in method has sensors to monitor the pile installing conditions such as penetration
rate, torque, and axial load acting on the pile. From the piling data, embodiment of visualization of underground was
conducted. If monitor information was collected from the construction site, the information would support theperformance condition of the installed piles. Furthermore, when realizing the ground conditions of the site withconstruction data collected during installation and unexpected conditions occurred, the alternation of the construction
plan could be done. The research results shows that the estimation of the ground conditions can be satisfied for thepractical aims with the data collected during construction. Continuous efforts for improving the use of construction data
are required in future work.
(3) State-of-the-Art Report 3
The report was titled 'State of the art report on steel sheet pile method in geotechnical engineering -development of PFS
method-' and reported by Professor Jun Otani who was the chair of TC3. Fig. 1 shows the image of PFS structure, Partial
Floating Sheet pile structure. PFS was proposed for the countermeasure of the ground settlement. When constructing
embankment on soft ground, settlement of the ground surface in surrounding wide area is inevitable. In such cases, byusing PFS, PFS works as a separator of the ground settlement andsettlement area is restricted only in embankment area. This structure
was already proposed as a tentative structure and the research of TC3
aimed to expand the application of this structure as the permanent
structure. To use PFS to permanent structure, realization of the behavior
during the seismic ground motion and of the effect of settlement
reduction after the earthquake is required. In the research, filed
investigation of the existing PFS after Kumamoto earthquake in 2016,
laboratory experiment against earthquake, numerical analysis, andFig. 1. Image of PFS. Some long sheet piles
development of the design method for the countermeasure of thework as end bearing piles and other shortseismic motion were conducted. Oversea seminars were held threepiles separate inner and outside ground.
times by the TC3 for the transfer the technique to Southeast Asia
countries.

6Volume 6, Issue 3 September 2021

Session A-1

Pile Performance (Vertical Performance)
Chair: Hidetoshi Nishioka
Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Chuo University

The following five presentations were made. These are one numerical approach (A01), two laboratory model tests on dry
sand (A04 & A06), and actual pile loading tests in the field (A03 & A05). The three cases, A04 to A06, dealt with theplugging phenomenon of open-ended steel pipe piles.
No.
A01
A03
A04
A05
A06

Paper Titles
Size effect of footing in ultimate bearing capacity of intermediatesoil
Feedback on static axial pile load tests for better planning andanalysis
Study of bearing capacity of tubular piles with diaphragm underpressing loads
Results of static vertical load tests on tubular piles installed byStandard Press-in and Rotary Cutting Press-in
The inner friction resistance and the resistance of an actual part ofopen-ended piles by the double-pipe model pile experiment

Presenters and Organizations
T. Iqbal(Nagaoka University of Technology)
T. Sanagawa(Railway Technical Research Institute)
M.P. Doubrovsky(Odessa National Maritime University)
K. Okada(GIKEN LTD.)
H. Yamazaki (Nippon Steel Corporation)

A01 proposed the rigid-plastic finite element method (RPFEM) to study the size effect of the bearing capacity of shallow
foundations. The results showed that although the RPFEM using the Terzaghi equation and the standard Drucker-Prager
yield criterion were in good agreement, none of them could represent the actual size effect. On the other hand, theproposed RPFEM with higher-order Drucker-Prager yield criterion evaluated the size effect.
A03 was a case study on pile loading tests, especially the points to be considered when planning the tests, mainly in Japanand France. Specific examples were presented, such as cases where the creep limit load was difficult to evaluate because
the load holding time and load increment were not constant.
A04 proposed a method of installing a diaphragm inside the pile to ensure that a plug is created. It was reported thateven if the diaphragm was located much higher than the pile tip (e.g., 9 times the pile diameter), the improvement effectcould be expected. The plugging phenomenon occurs at two locations (just below the diaphragm and at the pile end),
which is expected to shorten the rooting depth into the bearing layer.
A05 was a valuable case report that compares the rotary effect during press-in in the same ground. However, in the caseof without rotary installed pile, the pile was shorter with no installed strain gauges. So, the comparison was made byempirically estimating the skin friction. The disturbance effect of the inner surface ground of the steel pipe by the rotationof the protective parts of the strain gauge and the validity of the empirical estimation of skin friction were discussed.
A06 was on a model pile experiment in which the resistance at the end plug is directly measured using a double-pipe. It
was clearly shown that even if a plugging phenomenon occurred, the resistance might be reduced by further increasing
the displacement. Since this was an unusual test, the test method was mainly discussed.

7Volume 6, Issue 3 September 2021

Group photo of Session A-1

Session A-2

Pile Performance (Vertical Performance)
Chair: Stuart Haigh
Director, IPA
Reader, The University of Cambridge

Session A2 contained 6 interesting papers detailing predominantly experimental work on the vertical performance ofpressed in piles with papers from the UK, Vietnam, and Japan. The papers generally focused on the adequacy of existing
design guidelines in predicting the performance of these piles, with suggestions being made improving the existing design
equations to reflect observed behaviour better. Some brief details of the contents of the papers are given below.
A07 The vertical and horizontal performance of pressed-in sheet piles
This paper by Timo Zheng and co-authors from both Cambridge University and GIKEN covered observations of the
behaviour of sheet piles under both vertical and horizontal loading from field tests carried out with GIKEN as part of theCambridge-GIKEN summer testing programme in 2019. The testing demonstrated that sheet piles have a substantial
capacity in both vertical and horizontal directions with a considerable contribution being generated as base capacity due
to plugging of the sheet pile pan. The installation process was shown to substantially affect vertical capacity, withincreased surging reducing installation load but also vertical stiffness and capacity. A modified p-y analysis was proposed
to predict the behaviour of these piles under horizontal loading.
A08 Performance of pressed-in piles in saturated clayey ground: Experimental and numerical investigations
This paper by Lua Hoang from Vietnam and co-authors from Kanazawa University investigated set-up effects on thecapacity of piles in saturated clay. The authors installed model piles and performed static load tests both immediately
after installation and after 24 hours. The experimental work was complemented by numerical analysis using a cavity
expansion method to model installation. It was seen that the pile capacity increased substantially after 24 hours due todissipation of excess pore pressures, and this could be well replicated with the numerical analysis used.
A09 Proposal of vertical design bearing capacity estimation formula of Gyropress method based on Japanese railway
standard
This paper by Takumi Ozaki and co-authors from both the RTRI and JPA utilized a database of field measurements ofGyropress pile performance to propose a new formula for pile capacity within the Japanese Railway Design Code.
Allowable deformations were defined for a series of limit states, and statistical analysis on the available data was carriedout to determine the expected capacity under each state. While the database used was quite small, this method, whenapplied to a larger pile database, has great potential to define both the expected capacity of piles and the uncertainty on
this value.
A10 Comparison of SPT-based design methods for vertical capacity of piles installed by rotary cutting press-in
A11 An investigation into vertical capacity of steel sheet piles installed by the standard press-in method8Volume 6, Issue 3 September 2021
This pair of papers by Kazunori Toda and co-authors from GIKEN describes the latest data and analysis of pile test
behaviour and its linkages with site-investigation data for both Gyropress and standard press-in technologies based on
case-history analysis of GIKEN’s database of field pile installations. It was shown that existing design formulae
underestimate the base capacity developed by Gyropress piles when embedded deeply into a stiff bearing stratum andthat using the newly developed method this embedment may be safely reduced, increasing the efficiency of the
Gyropress process. For pressed-in piles, in agreement with paper A07, it was noted that plugging of sheet piles
substantially increases the base resistance from what might be expected, leading to an enhanced capacity not reflectedin previous design calculations.
A12 Predicting the capacity of push and rotate piles using offshore design techniques and CPT tests
This paper by Mike Brown from the University of Dundee and Yukihiro Ishihara from GIKEN describes the analysis of
Gyropress piles data utilizing CPT-based design methods from offshore engineering practice. It was shown that thesemethods show great promise compared to standard SPT-based methods in predicting the performance of these piles.
Preliminary work utilizing DEM (Discrete Element Modelling) to study soil flow around a rotating pile also showed great
promise in better understanding Gyropress piles behaviour.

Group Photo of Session A-2

Session A-3

Pile Performance (Horizontal Resistance)
Chair: Koji Watanabe
Associate Professor,Department of Civil Engineering
Aichi Institute of Technology

The underlined authors presented the following six papers in session A-3. This session focused on the horizontal
resistance of the pile. All the presentations provided the outcomes of the fundamental and practical researches tocontribute in the development and enhancement of press-in technology for various civil engineering problems.
Paper A13: Behaviour of three types of model pile foundations under vertical and horizontal loading, W.T. Guo(Kanazawa University), Y. Honda, X. Xiong, T. Matsumoto and Y. Ishihara.
The authors conducted a series of model experiments at 1G acceleration field to investigate the load transfer behavioursof model foundations supported by three different types of piles subjected to vertical and horizontal loading. According
to experiment results, PPF (Plate Pile Foundation) can carry almost the same loads with OPF (Open-ended pipe pilefoundation) and larger loads than those of BPF (Box pile foundation) under both vertical and horizontal conditions. The
authors concluded that sheet pile foundation would be a promising alternative to conventional round pipe pile foundation,
especially in high seismic areas where foundations experience both vertical and horizontal loading.
Paper A14: Experimental study on the pile group effect in the horizontal resistance of spiral piles, N. Ohnishi (Chuo
University) and H. Nishioka.
9Volume 6, Issue 3 September 2021
This study examined the horizontal resistance and the pile group effect on spiral and cylindrical piles by conducting themodel horizontal load tests in dry sand condition. The experiments were carried out in five cases by changing the centerto-center spacing of the piles from 1.5 times to 8 times the pile diameter. The results revealed that the tendency of thepile group effect for the spiral pile varied vastly depending on the evaluated load level. The authors suggested that the
spiral piles were more affected by the pile group effect than ordinary cylindrical piles at the initial loading stage. The
authors also mentioned that experiments to reduce construction disturbances will be conducted.
Paper A15: Experimental observation on the ultimate lateral capacity of vertical-batter screw pile under monotonic
loading in cohesionless soil, A. Jugdernamjil (Kyushu University), N. Yasufuku, Y. Tani, T. Kurokawa and M. Nagata.
1g model experimental studies were performed in the laboratory to evaluate the lateral performance of a screw pile indense sand and comparing it with conventional model pile types such as a flat bar and a pipe by the authors. Totally 26
experimental cases were performed, which included vertical-batter combinations. The authors examined that the loaddisplacement characteristic was nonlinear under lateral loading. The authors also implied that the case of 45 degree
batter screw pile demonstrated higher ultimate lateral resistance.
Paper A16: Experimental evaluation of the lateral capacity of large jacked-in piles and comparison to existing design
standards, A. Dobrisan (Cambridge University), S.K. Haigh and Y. Ishihara.
The devastation caused by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and subsequent tsunami revealed the need to rethink of seawall
design. This paper presents the results of a full-scale lateral test on a pile identical to those used in the new seawalls.
Additionally, this research proposed a novel data analysis method to retrieve accurate p−y curves from experimental data.
Results show good agreement with design p−y relationships at shallow depths, while below 3m depth, the design curves
significantly over-predict soil stiffness. The paper highlighted the need for new appropriate design specifications toaccount for large stiff piles and obtain better assessment of their lateral capacity.
Paper A17: A Study on analysis of horizontal resistance of screw coupled foundation with vertical and battered piles incohesionless soil, T. Kurokawa (HINODE, Ltd.), Y. Tani, M. Nagata, A. Jugdernamjil and N. Yasufuku.
This study examined the horizontal resistance of screw coupled piles, which are expected to improve, through model
tests in the sand tank. The authors carried out a static nonlinear analysis to rationalize the structural design. A bilinear
soil reaction spring is considered for the ground and a beam model for the pile in the analytical model. The authors
mentioned that this analysis allowed to reproduce the initial rigidity and the maximum load of the screw coupled pile
structure, and an example of the optimization of the structure for vertical and battered piles was identified.
Paper A18: Influence of horizontal loading height on subgrade reaction behavior acting on a pile, A. Mohri (Tokyo
University of Science), Y. Kikuchi, S. Noda, K. Sakimoto, Y. Sakoda, M. Okada, S. Moriyasu and S. Oikawa.
The authors proposed installing a row of piles behind the caisson and filling the space in between with rubble as areinforcement method tsunamis. It is necessary to understand the load conditions acting on a pile and determine thecross-section and embedment length of the pile used in the structure. Model experiments were conducted based on thebending moment distribution to estimate the external force acting as a distributed load on the offshore side of the pile.
This study examined that the behavior of the subgrade reaction on the horizontal resistance characteristics of a piledepends on its deformation mode.

Group Photo of Session A-3
10Volume 6, Issue 3 September 2021

Session A-4

Piling Process
Chair: Xi Xiong
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Geoscience and Civil Engineering
Kanazawa University

Session A-4 covers the topic of pile performance / piling process, and as scheduled by the program, six papers were
presented at the session. Five papers presented experimental studies, whilst one introduced a numerical method tosimulate the silent piling group installation process. Highlights of the proceedings of the session are presented as follows.
Dr. Moriyasu, from Nippon Steel Corporation, presented the results of laboratory experiments in paper A19 “Influence ofdifferent pile installation methods on vertical and horizontal resistances”. In this study, a model pile was installed using
four types of pile installation methods: monotonic push-in, surging (repetitive push-in and pull-out), vibratory pile driving,
and bored pile installation in dense dry sand ground. The authors concluded that the cyclic shearing of surging or vibratory
pile driving prevented soil dilation and decreased pile penetration resistance while increasing vertical resistance.
Dr. Taenaka, from Nippon Steel Corporation, introduced the results of laboratory experiments in paper A20 “Stresschanges in adjacent soils of tapered piles during installation into sand”. The radial and vertical pressure in adjacent soils
between a straight pile and a tapered pile during installation into sand at 1g were investigated. The test results suggestthat the profiles of pressure changes around the piles are quite different, leading to differences in the radial stress
distribution between tapered and straight piles.
Mr. Ishihara, from GIKEN LTD., reported a series of large-scale model tests in paper A21 “Comparison of penetration
resistance and vertical capacity of short piles installed by standard press-in in loose sand”. In this study, a closed-ended
pile or an open-ended pile was installed with or without surging in loose sand to around 6 m. Phenomena of pile set-up
or set-down were observed in some cases. The cause of the set-down was concluded to be mainly due to the pile
installation being terminated at a depth where the soil strength decreased with depth and to a lesser extent because
negative pore water pressure was generated during installation.
Mr. Saleem, from Saitama University, presented the results of laboratory experiments in paper A22 “Performancecomparison of closed-ended pressed-in pipe piles with helical pile in dense sand: An experimental study”. The authors
conducted model tests of closed-ended steel pipe piles and single helix piles having similar tip diameters under dense
ground conditions. Test results showed that steel pipe piles require higher installation force than helical piles having
equivalent tip diameters, while helical piles exhibit less ultimate bearing capacity than steel pipe piles having equivalent
tip diameters.
Dr. Cerfontaine, from the University of Southampton, presented the results of a numerical study in paper A23 “Discreteelement modelling of silent piling group installation for offshore wind turbine foundations”. Numerical simulations of theinstallation of a novel silent piling concept were conducted using Discrete Element Method (DEM). This concept uses acluster of four closely spaced piles that are jacked asynchronously. The authors found that a cluster of piles can be jacked‘silently’ and indicated that a capacity equal to six times the tool weight necessary for installation.
Ms. Panchal, from Keltbray Piling, and Dr. McNamara, from City, University London, introduced a potential removal
method for existing bored concrete cast in-situ piles in paper A24 “Rehabilitation of brownfield sites using the Gyro Piler
to remove existing bored cast in-situ concrete piles”. The authors explored the use of the Giken Gyropiler to overcore andremoved concrete piles in their entirety. This technique, combined with more sustainable foundations, could rehabilitate
sites that have been polluted with piles and has the potential to improve the value of brownfield sites.

11Volume 6, Issue 3 September 2021

Group photo of Session A-4

Session B-1

Infrastructure Development (Pile Walls)
Chair: Jiro Takemura
Associate Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Tokyo Institute of Technology

In this session, the six papers listed below were presented by the underlined authors. They are all outcomes of theresearch activities of IPA Technical Committee TC1 “Application of cantilever type steel tubular pile (CSTP) wall embedded
to stiff grounds”. Various approaches were employed in their researches.
B01 “Numerical simulation for centrifuge model tests on cantilever type steel tubular pile retaining wall by rigid plastic
FEM”, K. Mochizuki, H.H. Tamboura, K. Isobe (Hokkaido University), J. Takemura & K. Toda;
B02 “Reliability analysis on cantilever retaining walls embedded into stiff ground (Part 1: contribution of major
uncertainties in the elasto-plastic subgrade reaction method)”, N. Suzuki (GIKEN LTD.), K. Nagai & T. Sanagawa;B03 “Reliability analysis on cantilever retaining walls embedded into stiff ground (Part 2: construction management withpiling data)”, N. Suzuki (GIKEN LTD.), Y. Ishihara & K. Nagai;
B04 “Dynamic behavior of cantilever tubular steel pile retaining wall socketed in soft rock”, S M Shafi (Tokyo Institute ofTechnology), J. Takemura, V. Kunasegarm, Y. Ishihama, K. Toda & Y. Ishihara;
B05 “A centrifuge model study on laterally loaded large diameter steel tubular piles socketed in soft rock”
V. Kunasegaram (South Eastern University of Sri Lanka), J. Takemura, Y. Ishihama & Y. Ishihara;
B06 “Discussion about design method for embedded length of self-standing steel tubular pile walls pressed into stiff
ground”, T. Sanagawa (Railway Technical Research Institute).
In B01, to examine the effects of embedment length of the wall into the stiff layer on the safety factor of wall, 2D rigid
plastic FE analyses were conducted. The loading and ground conditions that were studied are the seismic intensity andthe thickness of sand layer overlying the stiff layer respectively, both of which critically affect the stability of the wall.
In B02, a reliability analysis was performed for CSTP walls embedded in two-layers ground with relatively soft upper soil
and stiff sandstone, treating the soil/rock properties, surcharge on the retained soil, rock surface depth and yielding
strength of steel as variables. Three ultimate limit states (i.e., wall deflection, flexural and rotational failures) wereconsidered. The analysis suggested that the depth of rock surface significantly affects the three limit states in the orderof the rotational, deflection and flexural failure and the reliable estimation with less uncertainty on the rock depth is of
critical condition for safe and economic design of the wall.
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Volume 6, Issue 3 September 2021
B03 is the sister paper of B02, conducting reliability and cost analyses to examine the effective use of piling data over theuncertainty discussed in B02. It concluded that the construction management with the piling data has significant
advantages especially for the wall with relatively short embedment and the ground with high uncertainty of the rockdepth.
B04 reported the results of centrifuge model test on the dynamic stability of CSTP (pile dia Φ=2.0m) wall embedded insoft rock with two relatively small embedment depths (de) less than the minimum requirement (de ≧3/β, here β ischaracteristic value), namely, de = 3.0 m [1.2/β] and 2.5 m [1.0/β]. From the test results, it was revealed that the elastic
resilience of the cantilever wall fixed to the rigid ground has crucial effects on the dynamic wall behavior and residual
displacement and wall pressure after the dynamic earthquake loading. Furthermore, it was shown that the performanceof the wall are considerably improved by the increase of the rock socketing depth by 0.5 m.
In B05, from a series of centrifuge tests on laterally loaded single steel pile (Φ=2.0m) embedded in two types of ground(i.e., a single soft rock layer and a soft rock layer with overlying sand), the influence of rock socket depths on the
deformation, and failure mechanism of rock socketed piles was investigated for a constant eccentricity of 6.5 m from theground surface. Two different failure modes that were observed are ground failure and pile structural failure, of which
occurrence depends on the embedment depth and the ground conditions.
B06 first showed the overview of the design methods of embedded cantilever wall employed for various design codes inJapan and later on discussed the optimum method by comparing the embedment depth calculated for different design
conditions by different codes.
The common messages from the six papers are the advantages of CSTP wall embedded in stiff grounds and thesignificance of rational determination of the wall embedment length in it.

Group photo of Session B-1

Session B-2

Infrastructure Development (Sheet pile walls)
Chair: Kentaro Nakai
Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering
Nagoya University

In total, 6 excellent papers related to soil - steel sheet pile interaction problems were presented in this session. In recent
years, steel sheet pile has been increasingly used not only as temporary structures but also as permanent structures.
Research activities by both numerical and experimental approaches were presented for the use of sheet piles as groundreinforcement method and retaining wall. Furthermore, the latest attempt to visualize the internal condition of theground using X-ray CT technology was also included. All presentations contained new and interesting findings, anddiscussions with the audience were also very meaningful.
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Volume 6, Issue 3 September 2021
1st presentation was “3D FEM analysis of partial floating steel sheet piling method on two-layered ground” by K. Kasama
et al. The paper presents the result of 3D soil-water coupled finite element analyses to evaluate the effectiveness of thepartial floating steel sheet piling method (PFS method) for the stability of embankment on two-layered soft ground.
Authors found that the settlement and lateral displacement of soft ground largely depends on the thickness ratio of thesand and clay layers, and deformation of the ground are greatly reduced due to the existence of the sand layer. The
analysis results expanded the applicability of the PFS method to the actual ground.
2nd presentation was “Experimental study for liquefied soil in a gap between underground walls” by K. Fujiwara et al. The
paper describes the result of shaking table test for the purpose of observing the lateral ground deformation of the ground
during liquefaction. Through the experiment assuming reinforced ground with steel sheet piles, it was confirmed that the
ground deformation becomes three-dimensionally complicated behavior when there is a gap between the piles such as
the PFS method.
3rd presentation was “Model test on double sheet-pile method for excavation works using X-ray CT” by H. Sugimoto et al.
This paper tries to clarify the soil behavior between two sheet-piles and the mechanism of its effectiveness of thestructure using X-ray CT. From the X-ray CT scan image, multiple slip lines were found in the soil between two sheet piles
and the position of the slip lines was considered to be essential for the effectiveness of this construction method. It is
expected that more efficient construction will be studied in the future, such as the increase in soil density between thepiles and the effect of the fixation of the pile heads.
4th presentation was “A study on the effect an earth-retaining wall’s rigidity and embedded depth on its behavior” by N.
Matsumoto et al. Model experiment of a cantilever-type earth-retaining wall using an aluminum-layered ground that
could easily simulate ground failure was conducted. The authors focused on the flexural rigidity and the embedded depth(wall length) of the retaining wall and found that the safety against collapse might be improved by increasing theembedding length. A series of studies by the authors are expected to contribute to more reasonable and simple design
method with an appropriate safety margin in a different way from current design condition.
5th presentation was “Physical and numerical modeling of self-supporting retaining structure using double sheet pile walls”
by A. Nasu et al. Model experiments and FE analysis were conducted for the purpose of understanding the mechanicalbehavior of double sheet pile walls. The effectiveness of the double sheet pile walls was experimentally shown, and the
behavior of the double sheet piles was well demonstrated by the FE analysis. The authors concluded that the shear
resistance of the inner soil might take an important role in resisting the earth pressure. Further research is expected todevelop a cost-effective and self-supporting retaining structure by double sheet pile walls for urban construction.
6th presentation was “Study on liquefaction countermeasure method of river embankment using wood and sheet pile”
by G. Hashimura et al. Centrifuge model test and FE analysis was conducted using wooden piles and steel sheet piles asa countermeasure against liquefaction of river embankments. Authors described that the construction method using
steel sheet piles was effective in suppressing deformation, and the combined use of wooden piles was more effective insuppressing liquefaction by narrowing the pile spacing rather than increasing the penetration depth. Seismic
countermeasure of river embankments is an important issue specially for low land areas, and as in this study, thedevelopment of effective and low-cost strengthening technology is considered to be an important issue in the future.
At the first time when I heard that the conference will be held online, I was worried whether the discussion could be heldproperly. However, smooth and active discussions were possible by utilizing on-demand videos and accepting questions
using Slido Application. I would like to thank to the organizing committee of the conference. I also felt lot of merits uniqueto online, such as easy viewing of slides, easy listening to voices, and easy participation in conferences. Of course, I expect
to have intimate face-to-face exchanges, but it was also a conference where I felt the possibility of new style academic
conference in the future.

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Volume 6, Issue 3 September 2021

Group Photo of Session B-2

Session C-1

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
Chair: Koichi Isobe
Associate Professor, Division of Civil Engineering
Hokkaido University

The session C-1, whose topic is Disaster prevention and mitigation, was held as the last session of the Second International
Conference on Press-in Engineering. 6 presenters including students, young and senior researchers have talks about
various kind of topics. They were interesting and novel, respectively. They gave us hope for further application
development and future potential of the press-fitting method.
The first speaker, Dr. Chen Wang from Tongji University, gave us talk about the challenging and novel simulation method
to simulate and estimate the procedure of the erosion and scoring of the riverbed, especially around the existing bridgefoundation. In Japan as well, this type of disaster is increasing due to the increase in heavy rainfall caused by climatechange. The press-in method will provide some effective solution against such a kind of disasters. We would like to hope
the further development of their research.
The second speaker, Mr. Kohei Kasahara from Railway Technical Research Institute, had a presentation on design
calculation method for sheet pile reinforcement method in liquefiable ground. According to the model tests, the great
effect of this reinforcement method for an existing pile foundation in liquefiable ground was confirmed. The simulation
method they proposed had a good agreement with the model test results by considering the displacement level
dependency and the reduction of the effective stress caused by the excessive pore water pressure. We cannot help but
expect that their achievements will facilitate reinforcement for existing foundations.
The third speaker, Mr. Masafumi Oka from Yokohama National University, gave us talk about the novel anti-corrosive
effect by inserting sheet piles or utilizing existing steel plate. According to their experiment, the suppressing polarization
effect with sheet piles against corrosion was confirmed. These results will lead to extend the opportunity to use the pressin method. And also, Mr. Oka won the best presentation and paper award. Congratulations!
The fourth speaker, Ms. Fuyuki Kawatake from National Institute of Technology, Kochi College, had a presentation on acountermeasure construction method using a glass crushing material called Sandwave G, which is a recycled material inorder to reduce the damage induced liquefaction by the huge Nankai Trough earthquake, which is expected to occur inthe future. The fifth speaker, Prof. Kojiro Okabayashi, who is a supervisor of the fourth speaker, gave us a talk about acountermeasure method against liquefaction of fishing ports. Their experiments and simulation let us know that sandbags
and permeable steel sheet piles provide great effect for the disaster mitigation.
The last speaker of this session, Mr. Kazunori Toda from GIKEN LTD., had a presentation about the experimental study ontsunami mitigation effect of pile-type porous tide barrier. The newly proposed method using tubular piles, sheet piles
and porous sheets made of fabric materials will be a good solution for the tsunami mitigation in the future. I’m looking
15Volume 6, Issue 3 September 2021
forward to seeing new results on the field tests applied in site.
Finally, I deeply appreciate the cooperation from all of the presenters and participants for discussion. I hope your successand development on their research in the future.

Group photo of Session C-1

Session D-1

Case Histories (1)Chair: Vu Anh Tuan
Geotechnical Engineering Laboratory
Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi

Session D-1: Case histories-1 of the conference contained six excellent papers presenting about Press-in piling andapplications in practice, as follows:
D01 “Press-in piling application: Permanent stabilization of an active-landslide-slope” by M. Yamaguchi, Y. Kimura, T.
Nozaki and M. Okada. The paper reviewed the applicability of Press-in piling technology to the pile installation on an
active-landslide-slope by reporting the outlines of the disaster rehabilitation work, design of permanent measures, andthe construction plan and implementation. It was demonstrated that the combined use of tubular piles, rotary Press-in
piling, and the Non-staging System was capable of constructing a continuous wall composed of tubular piles on an activelandslide-slope while allowing one-way alternating traffic on the road adjacent to the site. Also, the construction cost andduration were reduced by using Press-in piling technology.
D02 “Press-in technology: Advantage of Gyropress Method for renovation of the third wharf of Dakar Port in Senegal” by
Y. Ndoye, Y. Kitano and T. Funahara. This paper presented the application of the Gyropress method (Rotary cutting Pressin method) for repairing a 350m long wharf of Dakar Port in Senegal. A comparison between Gyropress Method and All
Casing Method was shown in the paper. After considering many factors, the initial design was changed from gravity wharf
type into wharf on piles type, thus, the Gyropress method was selected over the All-Casing method. That showed theeffectiveness of the Gyropress method for a difficult construction site. During all construction periods, the port operation
was able to proceed without any major changes.
D03 “Construction of retaining wall for river disaster restoration by Gyropress Method” by K. Matsuzawa, T. Hayashi
and K. Shirasaki. The paper presented a repair work of the Ezure water discharge channel using a steel tubular pile wall
as a main structure of the retaining wall of the sluiceway. Twenty-five tubular piles were installed at the location where
the discharged water flows into the Kinugawa River. The Gyro Piler was set at the pile top level, 3.0m higher than thecurrent bank crest, using a reaction base and reaction sheet piles. It is concluded that Press-in technology has beenable to contribute widely to the countermeasure project and helped improve the safety of the surrounding residents
and their lives.
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D04 “Steel tubular piling by the Gyropress Method in proximity to obstructive existing H-shaped piles” by N. Yamazaki. In
this paper, a construction project for reinforcing the seismic resistance of an existing river dike was presented. In thisproject, 42 steel tubular piles were installed, in which 11 piles were installed by Press-in piling with a GRB System, and 31
piles were installed by a normal Press-in piling. There were existing H-shaped piles in the northern end river section wherefour new piles were to be installed, and these H-shaped piles were planned to be removed beforehand. An attempt topull out and remove the existing piles using a vibratory hammer failed because the piles were broken at a depth of about
3m from the riverbed. Therefore, steel tubular piles were installed at deviated locations by rotary-pressing with a Reaction
Stand in proximity to the existing H-shaped piles. The success of the project showed that it was possible to install piles inproximity to obstructive existing H piles.
D05 “Case study of oval shaped foundation using the Gyropress Method under overhead restrictions” by K. Takeda. This
paper described the Press-in piling method of steel pipe piles to form steel pipe foundations for the expansion of bridgepiers to widen an existing bridge on the expressway. In this project, it was necessary to install steel pipes undergirders/beams of a road bridge while keeping the bridge in service. It was also necessary to embed the piles in a gravel
layer having a maximum extrapolated SPT N-value of more than 70. The Gyropress Method using a type of machine
capable of low headroom operation was adopted. By welding short segmental piles together in vertical position under
overhead restrictions, it was possible to press in steel pipe piles until reaching the supporting layer.
D06 “Construction of anchor piles for mooring bank by Skip Lock Method” by Y. Tada, M. Kitamura, S. Kamimura and Y.
Sawada. This paper showed the application of Gyropress Method and the Skip Lock Method to install anchor piles for asteel tubular pile quay wall. From the comparison between the Gyropress Method with the Skip Lock Method and thevibro hammer method using water jets after the removal of rubble mound, the Gyropress method was adopted because
it can keep a good balance of the “five construction principals” which consists of environment protection, safety, speed,
economy, and aesthetics. In addition, this project is the first application of using a modified Gyro Piler for the Skip Lock
Method in which pile pitches were about 2 to 3 times the diameter of the pile.

Group Photo of Session D-1

Session D-2

Case Histories (2)Chair: Nor Azizi bin Yusoff
Head, Research Centre for Soft Soil (RECESS)
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

The session started slightly after lunchtime on day 1. Even though all six presented papers had been carried out throughan online environment, it successfully highlighted a remarkable case history of Press-in technology in many parts of theworld.
Mr. Yamaguchi presented the first paper on the disaster of rehabilitation work in Japan by implying the breast wall concept.
The construction had been conducted in a narrow space and minimum noise and vibrations were permitted during17

Volume 6, Issue 3 September 2021
construction in order not to impact the adjacent buildings and existing piers. The construction successfully implemented
the rotary press-in piling, Combi-Gyro Method, and Non-staging System. The next paper entitles Press-in piling
applications: Seawall pile foundation work. This paper reported a success story for Press-in piling implementation for areconstruction project on the damage to Kamaishi’s fishing port. It was recognized that the dismantling and removal ofexisting structures and the construction of a new seawall were very challenging due to limited space and minimum
vibration disturbance allowed for this project.
Later, Mr. Takuma and Mr. Nagano shared the Giken America Corp. experience in America on the construction at The
East Garden Grove in California and Jacksonville, Florida. Interestingly, the Press-in piling with the GRB System achieves
pile installation in a very narrow and long work zone as exemplified with the case study projects. In addition, some local
government agencies in the U.S. have been specifying press-in piling as well as that in combination with the GRB System
for their levee projects.
The 4th paper by Ms. Nagarajan and Mr. Vaz from Giken America Corp. demonstrated a flood-damaged New York subway
station repair with pressed-in sheet piles. Sheet pile walls were constructed in a busy and relatively narrow street in thedensely populated district. The sheet piles were pressed day and night to expedite construction without disturbing thearea’s residents or business owners, achieving substantial cost saving compared to the originally designed earth retaining
with secant pile walls.
Mr. Geppert presented their case study by implementing Press-in technology for river dykes construction in Germany.
Based on this project, it can be said that dyke reinforcement utilizing sheet piling is an established part of flood protection
measures in Germany. The reasons for this are, among others, the flexible applicability, the reduction of environmental
impacts, the constant high quality, reliable and proven technology.
The last paper was presented by Dr. Kitiyodom. He shared his experience on the application of Silent Piler in the Bangkok
MRT Orange Line Project. Recently, the MRT Orange line is considered one of Bangkok’s most difficult projects because
the tunnel alignment passes through the congested urban areas in the city. Many underpinning works are required along
the route. The low-headroom, limited working space and vibration have become concerned issues to be consideredduring construction. Silent Piler was successfully implemented in those constraint areas.
In summary, all the presented papers highlighted the global achievements of the Press-in technology especially forconstraint conditions such as low headroom, limited working area and nearby operating transportation. Finally, I hopethat the case studies will serve as a reference for similar construction projects in all parts of the world.

Group Photo of Session D-2

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Volume 6, Issue 3 September 2021

Session E-1

Other Topics
Chair: Pastsakorn Kitiyodom
Deputy Managing Director
Geotechnical & Foundation Engineering Co., Ltd.

This session “Other Topics” started from 15:30 on the second day of conference. On this session, as it was scheduled by
the program, six papers were presented. The brief summary and discussion of each presentation are as follows.
E01. “Vertical and diagonal pull-out experiments of flip-type ground anchors embedded in dry sand in plane-strain
condition” by S. Yoshida, X. Xiong, T. Matsumoto & M. Yoshida
The results of vertical and diagonal pull-out experiments of flip anchors were described. Effects of main experimental
parameters which are embedment depth, breadth of the anchor, pull out angle and embedment angle of anchor plate
were presented. The two-dimensional ground failure model for shallow anchors was proposed. The maximum pull-out
force calculated from the proposed model qualitatively agreed well with the measured value.
E02. “Preliminary results of questionnaire survey on field performance of press-in machine” by T. Takeuchi, S. Sato, T.
Takehira, M. Kitamura & H. Murashima and presented by N. Ogawa
A questionnaire survey was conducted on the field performance of press-in piling machine, with the special attention to
Gyro Piler. The survey concludes that operator’s experience and skill play an important role for effective press-in pilingwith a minimum risk for damaging the machine.
E03. “2D/3D FEM Embedded Beam Models for Soil-Nail reinforced Slope Analysis” XC, Lin
This paper demonstrates the use of 2D Embedded Beam Row element for soil-nail group modelling in PLAXIS 2D,
comparison of response is drawn against that of 3D Embedded Beam element in PLAXIS 3D, as well as the field data. It
has affirmed that, the 2D Embedded Beam Row model can effectively handle groups of soil nails in the plane strain
condition and produce both quantitative and qualitative predictions of deformation and structural response.
E04. “Development of small-sized splice plates applied to steel sheet pile longitudinal joints” H. Nakayama & T. Momiyama
The splice plates are welded to fill a section shortage of the interlock where welding can’t be applied. The splice plates
tend to be larger and heavier according to the increase of size of sheet piles, and hence welding work becomes laborious.
To reduce such burden, a small-sized splice plate that can keep the original splice plate in a like diamond shape wasdeveloped. The validity and effectiveness of the newly developed splice plated was confirmed through experiments andconstruction practices on site.
E05. “Summary of case histories of retaining wall installed by rotary cutting press-in method” N. Suzuki & Y. Kimura
Japanese case histories of retaining walls of the rotary cutting press-in piles were presented in terms of the application,
pile materials, project scale, spatial restrictions for working, and ground conditions. About 70% if the projects had one of
the spatial restrictions. Besides, over 60% of the projects have problems of hard ground (N>75) and obstacles.
E06. “A Decade of R&D in Press-in Technology: Bridging the Gap Between Academia-Industry in Malaysia” N. A., Yusoff, T.
N., Tuan Chik, M. K., Chani & K. W., Chung
A decade of joint activities between UTHM and several industrial stake holders in adapting Press-in Technology in
Malaysia was presented. The activities allow dissemination of latest Press-in technology to both academia-industry by
establishing R&D collaborations with local and international stakeholders in the Malaysia construction industry.

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Volume 6, Issue 3 September 2021

Group Photo of Session E-1

Award Ceremony Report
Andrew McNamara
Chair, IPA Award Committee
Senior Lecturer, City, University London
It is with great pleasure that I write to report on the recent Award Ceremony that was held during the International
Conference on Press-in Engineering in June 2021. The IPA has a total of five award categories with awards presented forthe years 2019 and 2021. The award categories are:
•
•
•
•
•

ICPE Best Paper Award
Life-long Contribution Award
Outstanding Project Award
Innovative Technology Award
Distinguished Research Award

The purpose of these awards is to foster excellence in research and innovation relevant to press-in engineering and torecognize the dedication and achievements of those operating in this challenging field.



ICPE 2021 Best Paper Awards

The ICPE 2021 Best Paper Award Committee comprised Prof. Tatsunori Matsumoto, Associate Prof. Katsutoshi Ueno and
Mr. Yukihiro Ishihara and they were responsible for assessing all the papers that had been highly rated. A total of 47
research papers were submitted to ICPE2021 and these were subjected to a rigorous peer-review process. The papers
were rated by the reviewers in terms of five significant aspects that are all key qualities: (1) Reliability, (2) Practicality, (3)Novelty/Originality, (4) Impact on development and promotion of press-in technology, (5) Quality of text, perfection.
The Committee considered 10 papers that had been highly rated and selected the three Best Research Papers as
follows:•••

L. T. Hoang, X. Xiong and T. Matsumoto “Performance of pressed-in piles in saturated clayey ground:experimental and numerical investigations”
S. Moriyasu, M. Ikeda, T. Matsumoto, S. Kobayashi and S. Shimono “Influence of different pile installation
methods on vertical and horizontal resistances”
B. Cerfontaine, M. Brown, M. Ciantia, M. Huisman and M. Ottolini “Discrete Element Modelling of silent pilinggroup installation for offshore wind turbine foundations”

A total of 13 project papers were submitted to ICPE2021 and these were subjected to the same rigorous peer-review
process. All papers were rated by the reviewers in terms of five significant aspects important to projects: (1) Innovationin the project, (2) Difficulty of the project, (3) Economic advantages offered to the project, (4) Impact on development
20Volume 6, Issue 3 September 2021
and promotion of press-in technology, (5) Quality of text, perfection and readability.
The Committee considered seven papers that had been highly rated, and selected two Best Project Papers as follows.
••

M. Yamaguchi, Y. Kimura, T. Nozaki and M. Okada “Press-in piling applications: Permanent stabilization of anactive-landslide-slope”
T. Takuma, S. Kambe, and M. Nagano “Upgrading earthen levees with press-in piling and the GRB System”

IPA Life-long Contribution Award

Life-long Contribution Award recognizes and honors individuals who have made great contributions to the advancementof the press-in engineering over an extended period of time. The Award Committee of the IPA sought nominations for aworthy recipient of a Life-long Contribution Award. The selection process involved consultation with the Special
Committee of the IPA in order that a suitable recommendation could be made to the Steering Committee for their approval.
The award recognizes the many contributions of Dr. Masaaki Terashi a well-known expert world-wide in the field ofground improvement. Dr Terashi graduated from Tokyo Institute of Technology and worked for the Port and Harbor
Research Institute for many years, engaging in research on development in deep mixing and centrifuge modeling. He
worked for Nikken Sekkei, one of the largest consultants in Japan, for several years before he joined Giken as an advisor.
Upon its establishment in 2007 he joined the IPA and played a major role in the series of IPA workshops under the first
IPA president, Professor Malcolm Bolton. When Dr. Osamu Kusakabe became the second IPA president in 2016, he worked
closely with him and drafted the revised constitution and bylaws. He also served as the founding chair of Award
Committee for four years and successfully moderated the awards ceremony at the first ICPE in 2018. Based on his
unrivalled experience as a code writer in the port and harbor field in Japan, and as a consultant in Japan and overseas,
he played a central role in writing and editing “Design and Construction Guidelines for Press-in Piling” in Japanese in 2015
and 2020, as well as “Press-in retaining wall: a handbook”, in 2016 and 2021. Without his contributions, these publications
would have not materialized.



IPA Awards 2019

Three categories of award were made covering Outstanding Project, Innovative Technology and Distinguished Research.
•

•
•



Outstanding Project Award
Construction project of retaining wall adjacent to railway in Kyushu, Japan
Kyushu Railway Company, SANKIKENSETSU INC., Tonichi Consultant, Kyushu Sales Office and Kansai Sales
Office, GIKEN SEKO LTD.
Innovative Technology Award
Headroom restriction Clear Piler for ultra-low overhead clearance” and “steel sheet pile mechanical joint”
Japan Water Agency, East Japan Railway Company, TOTETSU KOGYO CO. and GIKEN LTD.
Distinguished Research Award
Recent research into the behaviour of jacked foundation piles
D.J. White and A.D. Deeks

IPA Awards 2021

Three categories of award were made covering Outstanding Project, Innovative Technology and Distinguished Research.
•••

Outstanding Project Award
Emergency bridge abutment repair with pressed-in pipe piles
T. Takuma, H. Nishimura and M. Nagano
Innovative Technology Award
Effective Utilization of Underground Space in Urban Area
T. Takeuchi and Y. Kimura
Distinguished Research Award
Estimation of N value and soil type from ppt data in standard press-in and press-in with augering
Y. Ishihara, N. Ogawa, M. Lei, K. Okada, M. Nishigawa and A. Kitamura

For more information of IPA Awards, please access IPA Website: https://www.press-in.org/en/page/award.
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ICPE 2021 Best Presentation Award
ICPE 2021 Scientific Group
The Best Presentation Award was presented to students and young researchers who are under 40 years old as well asdelivered the best presentation at each session of ICPE 2021. The marks given by the sessions chairs and all participants
determined the recipients. There were 59 presentations in 2-days sessions and the following presenters were awarded.
 Session A-1: Pile Performance (Vertical Performance)
A06：Mr. Hiroyoshi Yamazaki“The inner friction resistance and the resistance of an actual part of open-ended piles by the double-pipe model pile experiment”
 Session A-2: Pile Performance (Vertical Performance)
A11：Mr. Kazunori Toda
“An investigation into vertical capacity of steel sheet piles installed by the standard press-in method”
 Session A-3: Pile Performance (Horizontal Performance)
A16: Mr. Andrei Dobrisan“Experimental evaluation of the lateral capacity of large jacked-in piles and comparison to existing design standards”
 Session A-4: Piling Process
A19: Dr. Shunsuke Moriyasu“Influence of different pile installation methods on vertical and horizontal resistances”
 Session B-1: Infrastructure Development (Pile Walls)
B04: Mr. S M Shafi“Dynamic behavior of cantilever tubular steel pile retaining wall socketed in soft rock”
 Session B-2: Infrastructure Development (Sheet Pile Walls)
B09: Mr. Hideharu Sugimoto“Model test on double sheet-pile method for excavation works using X-ray CT”
 Session C-1: Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
C03: Mr. Masafumi Oka“Anticorrosive effect by inserting sheet piles on the sides of underground tunnel at shallow depth”
 Session D-1: Case Histories-1
D05: Mr. Kazuki Takeda“Case study of oval shaped foundation using the Gyropress Method under overhead restrictions”
 Session E-1: Other Topics
E05: Mr. Naoki Suzuki“Summary of case histories of retaining wall installed by rotary cutting press-in method”

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