Future of SRTetsuya Ishikawa
RIKEN SPring-8 CenterCheiron School

Plan• This lecture, titled ‘Future of SR’, is designed togive you some background of SR history, then,discusses the possible future of SR facilities andsciences.
• Strategies for future may be different from person
to person, or place to place, but important thing isto think about YOUR own future.
• Join us to make NEW HISTORY OF SR which
is not the mere extrapolation from the present!

Brief Introduction of myself• My name is Tetsuya Ishikawa. I am the Directorof RIKEN SPring-8 Center and the ProjectLeader of X-ray Free Electron Laser.
• My research field is X-Ray Optics including
those for coherent x-rays.
• I have been working around the SR facilities
since 1982 when the Photon Factory startedoperation.
• I had been the Optics Group Leader/Beamline
Division Director till 2006 when Dr. Shunji Goto
took over the position.

You have learned a lot in this school …
Thank you for joining us in this Cheiron
School 2014. Now, you are attending thelecture titled “Future of SR”.
You are learning a lot about synchrotron
radiation and its applications in the precedingand following lectures. It is not surprisingthat you may feel the science andtechnologies related to the synchrotron
radiation are too widely diverse to be an
expertise in everything.

Don’t be afraid, because no one can cover everything!
You can be the world’s top scientist in a certain field.

You have to know where you are…
All lectures given in this school are the mapsof science/technology fields that have been
already explored by other scientists. All ofyou, who are young with full potential, may
want to construct new roads in the fields. Sofocus yourselves where you are on the map tostart with.

New possibilities really lie in what has not been directedin the lectures: It is YOU to explore the new roads and to
make the new SR history!

History can tell you something…

SR history has been a pursuit of Brilliance.

Short History of Synchrotron Radiation
1945 First (indirect) observation of SR; J. Blewett, G.E. 100 MeV betatron1947 1st visual observation; G.E. 70 MeV synchrotron
ZEROth GENERATION SOURCES
1950’s-60’s: ELECTRON SYNCHROTRONS (cyclic accelerators)
FIRST GENERATION SOURCES (storage rings)
1970’s: e+/e- COLLIDERS (Mostly Parasitic on High Energy Physics programs)
SECOND GENERATION SOURCES
1980’s: NEW RINGS and FULLY DEDICATED USE OF e+/e- COLLIDERS,USE OF WIGGLERS & UNDULATORSTHIRD GENERATION SOURCES
1990’s: LOW EMITTANCE RINGS WITH MANY STRAIGHT SECTIONSFOURTH GENERATION SOURCES
2000’s: LINAC-BASED SOURCES•Free-electron laser (FEL)•Energy Recovery Linac (ERL)
DIFFRACTION-LIMITED RINGS; ULTRA-SHORT BUNCHES; NEW IDEAS

SR brightness has grown faster than the computing PowerLBL/SSRL 30 Period Permanent Magnet Undulator -1980

In-Vacuum Permanent Magnet Undulator in SPring-8

Short-period in-vacuum undulator

magnetmagnet  K 2  photon 1
2 2 2 Dr. Kitamura  2, 000 E (GeV )For photon = 0.1 nm: (K=2)
magnet= 30 mm, E = 11 GeV
magnet= 18 mm, E = 8 GeV
cf. magnet = 100 um, E = 600 MeV !!

In-vacuum undulator:• Short-period undulator requires higher
magnetic field for deflecting electrons.
Magnets are located “in vacuum” forgenerating higher field with smaller gap(~ 3 mm).
• Variable gap undulator

In-vacuum undulators• In-vacuum undulator technology was a turning
point of the SR history.
• This is the reason why SPring-8 had been theworld-largest synchrotron radiation facility for~10 years.
• With the in-vacuum undulator technology,
lower energy storage rings can emit x-rays
from undulators.
Down-Sized SR Facilities

It’s our tradition to make everything compact.

Bonsai

So is XFEL…

“X-ray Free Electron Laser, XFEL”
coherent light to explore nano-world［coherence ］
Laser Light

X-ray Free Electron
LASER

LASER

Normal Light

Synchrotron Light

Lamps
10 m
THz rays1 minfra-redrays

100 nmvisible rays

long wavelength（low energy）←

UV rays

10 nm

1 nm

soft X-rays［wavelength ］

X-rays1Å
hard X-rays→ short wavelength （high energy）

Linac-Based Free Electron Laser
Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE)
e-gun

linac

e-beam◆ e-gunundulator

X-Ray Lasere-beamMicro-bunching◆ linac◆ undulator

Precedent XFEL Projects in the U.S. and EU【 US 】 SLAC：Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
Liniac Coherent Light Source : LCLS
・ Use Existing 2 mile Liniac
・ Size: 2 km long・ Shortest Operating Wavelength: 0.15 nm
・ To Start Operation in 2009
・ RF gun/Normal Conducting Liniac/Out-of-Vacuum
Undulator
・ 3rd Priority in DOE’s Future Facility Plan

Stanford, CALCLS【 EU 】 DESY：Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron
European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser
・ Collaboration among 12 EU Countries + China
・ Size: 3.4 km long・ Shortest Operating Wavelength: 0.085 nm
・ To Start Operation in 2013
・ RF gun/Superconducting Liniac/Out-of-Vacuum
Undulator

Hamburg, Germany

European XFELJapan’s XFEL:SPring-8 Compact SASE Source (SCSS) Concept
Use of short-period undulator+

Use of high-gradient linac

Suppression of acceleration energymagnet  K 2 1 photon 
2 2 2 = Total length of 700 m
５４準備室
準備室
測定
測定

冷却機室

空調
機械室

電気室

搬入室

準備室

２準備室

１準備室
測定

測定

測定

共通室

共通室

SR-2 ３

セミナー室
倉庫（計14 4席）

玄関
ホール

ＷＣ

機械室

8 GeV X-Ray Free Electron Laser Facility at SPring-8

My Personal View; Learning Old, Getting New
Construction Phase“Renewal” Phase

New Generation
Novel Instrumentation
for Novel Applications

Novel FacilityAdvanced Utilization

Novel Instrumentation
for Novel Applications

General Utilization

Industrial Applications

Starting Phase“Cruise” Phase
Novel Instrumentation
for Novel Applications

Advanced Utilization
General Utilization

Novel Instrumentation
for Novel Applications

Advanced Utilization

Popularization
General Utilization

Industrial Applications

Some Tips
• Small or Big ?
• Far or Near ?
• One of you tools or Central Subject ?
• Use your own brain.
• Find what has been not discussed, in reading
papers or in listening to lectures.

Summary & Outlook
The future directions are not what you will
be taught, but what you yourself shall findor create.
Thank you again for joining us this Cheiron
School! We are looking forward to seeing
you at some SR facility in near future.