Science, Innovation, Technology and the African
Society: Implications for Achieving MDGs

Report of the 2006 ATPS/MCTM Annual Conference andWorkshop held on 27 - 29 November, 2006

MaputoMozambique
African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS)
Ministry of Science and Technology, Mozambique (MCTM

ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP)ABOUT THE
NETWORKAFRICANTECHNOLOGYPOLICYSTUDIESThe African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) is a multi-disciplinary network of
researchers, policy makers, actors in the private sector and other end users interested ingenerating, promoting and strengthening innovative science and technology policies inAfrica. With a regional secretariat in Nairobi, the network operates through national
chapters in 23 countries, with an expansion plan to cover the entire sub-Saharan Africa.
One of the objectives of the network is to disseminate research results to policy makers,
legislators, the organized private sector, civil society, mass media and farmers’ groups
through publications, dialogue and advocacy. Among its range of publications are theWorking Paper Series (WPS), Research Paper Series (RPS), Special Paper Series (SPS),
Technopolicy Briefs and Workshop Reports.
ATPS is supported by a growing number of donors including the International
Development Research Centre (IDRC), the Carnegie Corporation of New York, theRockefeller Foundation, the World Bank, the OPEC Fund, Ford Foundation, Coca-Cola
Eastern Africa, the African Development Bank, InfoDev, the European Union and the Royal
Dutch
Government.

ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOPList of Abbreviations and Acronyms
AGOA
African Growth and Opportunity Act
ADMADE
Administrative Management Design
ATPS
African Technology Policy Studies Network
CAMFIRE
Community Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources
COMESA
Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
GM
Genetically Modified
GMOs
Genetically Modified Organisms
GDP
Gross Domestic Product
ILRI
International Livestock Research Institute
IK
Indigenous Knowledge
ICT
Information and Communication Technologies
IPRs
Intellectual Property Rights
MDGs
Millennium Development Goals
MCTM
Ministry of Science and Technology in Mozambique
NEPAD
New-Partnership for Africa’s Development
NGOs
Non-Governmental Organization
NIS
National Systems of Innovation
PRIs
Public Research Institutions
R&D
Research and Development
SITS
Science, Innovation, Technology and Society
S&T
Science and Technology
SSA
Sub-Saharan Africa
UNDP
United Nations Development Programme
UNU-MERIT United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research andTraining Centre on Innovation and Technology
USAID
United States Agency for International Development
WIPO
World Intellectual Property Organisation

ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOPii

Table of Contents
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ............................................................................................. ii
Organization of Conference and Workshop.................................................................................. 1
Venue, Date of Conference and Workshop.................................................................................. 1
Support for the Conference and Workshop................................................................................. 1
Theme of Conference and Workshop ........................................................................................... 1
Objectives of the Conference and Workshop............................................................................... 1
Conference Themes ......................................................................................................................... 1
Expected Outcomes ......................................................................................................................... 2
Background to the Conference and Workshop ............................................................................. 3
Conference and Workshop Opening Ceremony........................................................................... 4
3.1
Remarks from the Executive Director, ATPS.................................................................. 4
3.2
Remarks from the Chairperson, ATPS ............................................................................ 5
3.3
Remarks by Mozambique’s Minister of Science and Technology ............................... 6
3.4
Remembering a National Co-ordinator........................................................................... 7
3.5
Celebrating a Woman’s Success and Achievement ....................................................... 8
Conference Plenary and policy Presentations............................................................................... 9
4.1
Banji Oyeyinka .................................................................................................................... 9
4.2
Padmashree Gehl-Sampath ............................................................................................... 9
4.3
Cheikh Oumar Anne ........................................................................................................ 10
4.4
Lynn Mytelka .................................................................................................................... 12
4.5
Andy Safalaoh................................................................................................................... 14
4.6
Maurice Bolo...................................................................................................................... 14
4.7
Marcelino Lucas................................................................................................................ 16
Panel Discussion on Efforts to Realize MDGs............................................................................ 17
Working Group Discussions .......................................................................................................... 20Group 1 Report .............................................................................................................................. 20Group 2 Report .............................................................................................................................. 22Group 3 Report .............................................................................................................................. 25
Methodological Issues ..................................................................................................................... 29
Innovation Systems Frameworks: Concepts and Methodological Issues.............................. 29
Exhibition by National Chapters ................................................................................................... 30
2006 ATPS Annual General Meeting ............................................................................................ 31
Remarks from the ATPS Chairperson and Board Members ................................................... 31
ATPS Award Ceremony ............................................................................................................... 31
The ATPS 2007 Conference and Workshop ............................................................................... 31
Closure of Conference and Workshop.......................................................................................... 32
Remarks from the Mayor of Abidjan .......................................................................................... 32
Vote of Thanks ............................................................................................................................... 32
National Coordinators Meeting ..................................................................................................... 33
Presentation by Dr Kevin Urama ................................................................................................ 33
Chapter reports by country .......................................................................................................... 33
Discussions ..................................................................................................................................... 34
Way forward .................................................................................................................................. 35
Appendix 1: Conference and Workshop Programme................................................................. 36
Appendix 2: List of Participants ..................................................................................................... 39

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Organization of Conference and Workshop

Venue, Date of Conference and Workshop
The 2006 Annual Conference and Workshop of African Technology Policy Studies Network(ATPS) was held at the Pestena Rovuma Hotel, Maputo, Mozambique from 27 - 28
November, 2006.

Support for the Conference and Workshop
The 2006 Conference and Workshop was organized by ATPS in collaboration with the
Ministry of Science and Technology in Mozambique (MCTM) and the country’s informationand communication technologies (ICT) Policy Commission.

Theme of Conference and Workshop
The theme of 2006 ATPS Conference and Workshop was “Science, Innovation, Technology
and the African Society: Implications for achieving the millennium development goals(MDGs)”

Objectives of the Conference and Workshop
The objectives of conference and workshop were:(i) To demonstrate to policy makers and other stakeholders the relevance of national
systems of innovation (NIS) approach to Africa’s development and how theapproach can be deployed to address self-determined development needs in thecontext of MDGs.
(ii) To identify the institutional, knowledge and policy gaps that may constrain
effectiveness of science, innovation and technology policies in Africa and how
research and capacity building programmes may be targeted to bridge these gaps in
future.
(iii) To identify training, institutional capacity building and research needs that can
inform how African innovation systems actors, institutions, policies, behaviors andlinkages might better apply science and technology (S&T) and innovation systems
approach to address the MDGs at relevant levels: local, regional, national andinternational.
(iv) To provide the opportunity for dialogue and knowledge sharing among African and
non-African innovation systems actors and stakeholders to negotiate and prioritize
innovation processes and systems action plans so as to effectively and efficiently use
the expertise and available resources for greater impact.
(v) To generate through stakeholder dialogue a concept note for a three-year research
programme on the subject, exploring how best to strengthen learning capacity andsocial responsiveness in Africa to deploy scientific knowledge, innovation systems
and technology in African social contexts to achieve the MDGs.

Conference Themes
In the attempt to successfully achieve the above objectives, the conference and workshop
focused on the following sub-themes:

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a.
b.
c.
d.

National Systems of Innovation and its application and relevance to Africa’s socioeconomic development.
S&T exclusion, social exclusion and learning capacities in support of innovation andgovernance of new technologies in Africa.
Science, innovation and technology policy research priorities for Africa
S&T and innovation systems training and institutional capacity building needs for
Africa.

Expected Outcomes
The conference and workshop was expected to lead to better understanding of the role of
NIS in achieving the MDGs in Africa and African perspectives on using innovation systems
to attain both national and international development goals. The specific outputs expectedfrom the workshop were:
Improved awareness and understanding of the concepts of National Systems of
Innovation and their application and relevance to Africa’s development by workshop
participants.

Better understanding of innovation systems actors, their roles and interdependencies
and the barriers and gaps in Africa’s innovation systems with respect to learning
capabilities and inter-linkages.

Identification and prioritization of knowledge and research gaps, training andcapacity building needs for tailoring Africa’s science, innovation and technology
policies to achieve the MDGs.

Identification of modalities and strategies for inter-regional and international
collaboration to complement national, regional and international initiatives andprogrammes.

A concept note for a full proposal on science, innovation, technology and society(SITS) in Africa to be produced in liaison with key stakeholders, policy makers,
development partners and international experts.

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Background to the Conference and Workshop

The African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) in conjunction with the Ministry of
Science and Technology in Mozambique and the country’s ICT Policy Commission held athree-day conference and workshop in Maputo on the theme “Science, Innovation,
Technology and the African Society: Implications for achieving the millennium development
goals (MDGs).”
The conference and workshop were held to deliberate on how African countries can tap andadapt the existing science and technology policies and innovation processes and systems to
African social contexts for equitable and sustainable social and economic development in thecontinent. It was expected that amongst other outputs, the workshop would improveunderstanding of the status of science and technology policy development and innovation
processes and systems impacts on the continent as well as build and strengthen thenecessary skills, learning capacities of innovation systems actors and institutions and social
responsiveness to addressing the continent’s development challenges in the context of the
MDGs.
The conference and workshop comprised plenary presentation of papers commissioned
from professionals and resource persons in various fields of expertise from Africa andoutside. There were participatory stakeholder dialogue to distill new knowledge gained
from the presentations and research issues, needs and priorities requiring attention forimproved understanding and capacity of innovation systems actors, science and technology(S&T) policy development, and impacts analysis; and plenary sessions to synthesize andprioritize emerging research and policy issues and ways that ATPS (and other relevantorganizations as well as development partners) might contribute to the advancement ofsocial, institutional and legal mechanisms for sustainable governance of new technologies inAfrica. The diversity of stakeholders and professionals targeted was expected to bring andbear the different experiences and approaches that should result in richer and more
inclusive innovation policy dialogue to develop more focused research programmes andtime-bound and achievable action plans.
This conference and workshop came at a time when reviews had shown that most of theAfrican countries were unlikely to meet the MDGs and other international development
targets. The development gap, between the developing and the developed countries, hasbeen associated to a large extent with the scientific and technological capacities. Thisscience, technology and innovation gap between the developed and developing countries aswell as the S&T exclusion in the poorer regions in Africa was seen as likely to continue
widening if innovative S&T policy interventions which match Africa’s unique social realities
are not developed and implemented soon.

ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP

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Conference and Workshop Opening Ceremony

From Left, Eng Lourino Chemane, National Coordinator, ATPS-Mozambique, Dr Kevin Urama, Resource
Person, ATPS, Prof Venancio Massingue, Minister of Science and Technology, Mozambique, Prof Norah
Olembo, Chair, ATPS Board and Prof Sarifa Fajilder, Advisor, Minister of Science and Technology

The conference and workshop opening session was chaired by Professor Sarifa Fajilde, theAdvisor to the Minister of Science and Technology in Mozambique. Eng Lourino Chemane,
National Coordinator of ATPS Mozambique chapter, welcomed guests and participants tothe conference and workshop.

3.1

Remarks from the Executive Director, ATPSThe Executive Director of ATPS, Dr Osita Ogbu, in his
conference and workshop opening speech said Sub-SaharanAfrica lagged behind in development and was off target inmeeting the millennium development goals (MDGs) by the 2015
deadline. The sluggish progress in meeting the goals was,however, not attributable to lack of commitment on the part ofmost African countries. Indeed, most sub-Saharan Africancountries had integrated the MDGs into their national
development frameworks. The problem lay in Africa’s
inadequate capacity and poor institutional support systems, Dr
Osita submitted.

Quoting an editorial published in Science Magazine by Mohamed H. A. Hassan, the Presidentof the African Academy of Sciences, the speaker said in the 1960s and the early 1970s,
science departments in many African universities, including the Universities of Lagos in
Nigeria, Dar-es-Salaam in Tanzania, Accra in Ghana, and Khartoum in Sudan, were among
the finest and regarded as beacons of progress in the developing world. Today, however, thedepartments face a myriad of problems and are unable to meet even minimal departmental
responsibilities, a situation that has had a grave impact on Africa’s socio-economic
development.
In the speech delivered on his behalf by Dr Kevin Urama, the ATPS Director also cited the2003 NEPAD Ministerial Conference on Science and Technology that had endorsed the role

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of S&T and innovation in development and stressed that all African countries should put inplace comprehensive science, technology and innovation policies and emphasize the needfor national systems of innovation.
He said the National Systems of Innovation (NIS) is the technology and information flow
crucial for the development and diffusion of new technologies in a country. The system isfacilitated by a network of intricate relationships amongst actors, including enterprises,
universities, policy makers and government research institutions.
The conference and workshop, Dr Ogbu said, would offer innovation systems actors andstakeholders an opportunity to exchange knowledge and ideas while raising African
perspectives on the use of innovation systems to attain national and international
development goals. He expressed hope that the meeting would identify institutional
knowledge and policy gaps that hinder the efficiency of science and innovation policy inAfrica. He also called on the meeting to identify training needs for African innovation actors
to better apply S&T innovation systems to meet the millennium development goals.
He said ATPS is wholly committed to improving the quality of technology policy making in
sub-Saharan Africa and would continue to strengthen the region’s institutional capacity forthe management of technological development.

3.2

Remarks from the Chairperson, ATPSIn her opening remarks, the chairman of ATPS, Professor Norah
Olembo, said she would remember this century for its
commitment to a global partnership and a series of time-boundtargets, the millennium development goals (MDGs), aimed at
improving the socio-economic wellbeing of humanity by 2015.
She warned, however, that realization of the goals may remain adream for the continent unless action is taken to reverse the socioeconomic decline in the region. She expressed conviction that
adoption of science technology and innovation strategies andpolicies would help African countries attain the MDGs andsustainable development. She further noted that application ofscience and technology and building upon local knowledge, skills
and materials are central in facilitating the achievement of the MDGs in the developing
countries, especially in combating poverty, in improving the lives of women, and fighting
disease. This could be achieved if African governments supported their scientists in the
struggle for development.
African scientists, she noted, have, in many fora, accentuated the need for government
support to strengthen national science advisory bodies and increase investment andincentives for research and development. They have further called for stemming the brain
drain of African scientists and for increased public awareness on the potential of S & T to
help achieve MDGs.
Prof Olembo said ATPS, in line with its key mandate of improving the quality of science andtechnology policy making in sub-Saharan Africa, had brought together a diverse pool ofpolicy makers, scientists, researchers, academicians in Maputo to discuss the involvement ofscience technology and innovation for Africa’s development. She expressed optimism that5

ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP

the conference and workshop would strengthen skills and learning capacities of innovation
systems actors as well as social responsiveness to addressing the continent’s development
challenges in the context of MDGs.
She stressed that national systems of innovation play a key role in the generation andutilization of new knowledge and technologies through networking, learning andcollaboration and expressed hope that the initiative would lead to a marshalling of forces
and a pooling of resources in an effort to address the continent’s problems.
Prof Olembo also said the gathering would engage key stakeholder and relevant innovation
system actors in an attempt to ascertain realization of research needs and priorities thatwould empower stakeholders. ATPS and its collaborators would also identify and prioritize
short and long-term training and capacity building needs and strategies with a view toretaining highly skilled professionals in Africa.
She further expressed optimism that the conference and workshop would foster interregional and internal partnerships in support of appropriate science, innovation andtechnology policy development for achieving the MDGs in Africa.
Prof Olembo warned that history would judge its leaders and professionals harshly if theyleft a legacy of broken promises for posterity, and called on all stakeholders to rededicate
their skills, expertise and experience at the conference and workshop with a view to leaving
a legacy where food insecurity, health challenges and poverty would be history in Africa.

3.3

Remarks by Mozambique’s Minister of Science and Technology
The conference and workshop was officially opened by
Mozambique’s Minister of Science and Technology, Prof
Venancio Massingue, who termed the gathering of minds in
Maputo to discuss science, technology and innovation as“timely”.
The Minister said Mozambique, like most sub-Saharan Africancountries, was struggling to achieve the MDGs to improve thequality of life for the world’s citizens by 2015. Despite a numberof shortcomings, Mozambique was determined to apply its
resources, efforts and energy to meet the goals and attain socioeconomic development.

He said his country believes science, technology and innovation are key to the country’s
development and noted President Armando Guebuza had stated that technology on its own
was not a panacea to the world’s problems but rather depended on man’s ability tomanipulate technologies for the wellbeing of humanity.
Prof Massingue said Mozambique had early last year approved the science, technology andinnovation policy for the country, which intends to apply science, technology andinnovation to poverty reduction efforts and to economic and social growth of the country.
To actualize the initiative, the government had embraced the Projecto Moz/02/002:
Technologies of Information and Communication for the Development which encompasses the useof mobile ICT units to promote the use of ICTs to disseminate agricultural and social

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ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP

knowledge essential to the Mozambican people. Other programs and projects include
application of technology to develop early warning mechanisms and avert the impact ofnational disasters, and the inclusion of the youth in producing local software systems. “Wehave held successful exhibitions, lectures in the past to encourage the culture of science
technology and innovation among Mozambican youth for sustainable development in the
country”.
Mozambique, he said, had embraced partners such as Cisco Systems International, Microsoft
and other development organizations to ease the diffusion of ICTs and other technologies
for development in the country. “I believe that fortifying these partner relationships is key
to the innovation process as proposed in the innovation system theory which states that
innovation, technology development are results of a complex set of relationships amongactors in the system, such as enterprises, universities and research institutes.”
The minister congratulated ATPS on organizing the conference and workshop which would
explore ways in which African countries can adapt the existing science technology andinnovation policies and processes to the African context for sustainable development. He
also thanked ATPS Network for her efforts to mainstream science and technology policy inAfrica’s struggle for development.
Prof Massingue equated knowledge and technology that scientists had to guns which, hesaid, they must use to fight poverty on the continent. He urged scientists to look forpractical solutions to the problems facing the country and tickled guests and participants
when he narrated an incident in which he had asked scientists working on a pig project inhis country what they hoped to achieve upon its completion. “We will publish a report,”
was the answer the minister got, saying, he had hoped the result would be more pork for
Mozambicans, not more papers. In Africa, he moaned, professionals and academics had“perpetually” let the people down, making Africans “perpetually dependent”.
The minister acknowledged the fact that some of the problems scientists faced could havebeen ameliorated by governments and donors. Citing an example of the frustrations African
scientists went through, Prof Massingue said a researcher’s request for $10 to facilitate his
professional work was often turned down but a $10,000 request to fund a conference waseasily granted by governments or donors. “Let these frustrations not distract you,” headvised.
3.4

Remembering a National Co-ordinator

During the conference and workshop opening ceremony guests and participants stood toobserve a minute’s silence in remembrance of Mr Alex Gacuhi, Kenya’s ATPS National Coordinator, who had passed away in September 2006.

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ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP

3.5

Celebrating a Woman’s Success and Achievement

At the end of the conference and workshop opening ceremony asignificant number of participants, mostly women, raised
concern over the failure on the part of the facilitator to properly
introduce the chair for the session. Concern was raised that Prof
Sarifa Fajilde, the Advisor to the Minister for Science andTechnology was a woman who had made tremendous
achievement as an academic and as a government official in aworld where women rarely excel. To address the concern, Prof
Fajilde was re-introduced not only as advisor to the minister but
also as a member of the Pedagodical University where she had
been since 1989. She had also served in the past six years as
Mozambique’s National Director for Secondary Education andas Advisor to the Minister of Education and Culture. She had worked as a mathematics
teacher since 1978 and was a holder of a Masters degree from Australia and a PhD degree inmathematics education from Cape Town. Prof Fajilde has two children.

Prof Dr Eng Venancio Massingue, Minister of Science and Technology, Mozambiqueand Prof Norah Olembo, Chair, ATPS Board addressing journalists before the official
opening

From Left, Eng Lourino Chemane, National coordinator, ATPS-Mozambique,
Dr Kevin Urama, Director of Research, ATPS, Prof Venancio Massingue, Prof
Norah Olembo and Prof Sarifa Fajilder, Advisor, Minister of Science andTechnology

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4.1

Conference Plenary and policy Presentations
Banji Oyeyinka

Systems of Innovation and Development: A Framework
In this presentation, Prof Banji Oyelaran-Oyeyinka of the United
Nations University-Maastricht Economic and Social Research andTraining Centre on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT) at
Maastricht, Netherlands discussed science and technology policy,
giving examples of their development, formulation andimplementation in various countries and demonstrating where andwhy they succeeded or failed. Science policy in underdeveloped
countries was impeded by the disproportionate concern placed on
research and development and the fact that technology policy was
not viewed as an inherent part of industrial development policy. He
defined an innovation system as a network of firms and other agentsthat together with institutions and policies bring new products, processes and new forms ororganization. He further defined innovation as the continuous improvement of a product,
design and quality; as changes in organization and management routines; as increase inefficiency and environmental sustainability; and as ability to manage partnerships, form
linkages and learn through them.
Explaining the role of innovation policy, Prof Oyeyinka said policies – whether tacit or
explicit – play a role in setting the parameters within which actors make decisions. He saidinnovation processes are not the outcome of a single policy but a set of policies thatcollectively shape the behaviour of actors.
The presenter said technology policy in developing countries should be seen as an integral
part of industrial development policy and gave examples of the South Korea and Taiwanthat had adopted highly interventionist strategies on trade and domestic resource allocation
to promote indigenous enterprises and strengthen their national economies. Exports in thesecountries were led by local firms, and national policies allowed them to build impressive
technologies. The policies in these countries, he said stimulated research and development,
the building of technology-support institutions and the establishment of small and mediumsize enterprises. Also, as part of the direct intervention policy, governments in thesecountries provided selective and functional support by setting up a massive technology
infrastructure and by building capacities for the development of general and technical skills.

4.2

Padmashree Gehl-Sampath

Sectoral Systems of Innovation for HealthThis presentation was delivered by Dr Padmashree Gehl-Sampathof UNU-MERIT. She said a look at Africa’s health innovation
systems was justified because 50 percent of the people indeveloping countries lack access to essential drugs; 50 – 90 percent
of drugs in these countries are paid for out-of-pocket; and up to 75
percent of antibiotics in these countries are prescribedinappropriately. In addition, only 50 percent of patients worldwide
take medicine correctly; antimicrobial resistance to drugs is growing

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for most major infectious diseases; and less than one in three developing countries havefully functioning drug regulatory authorities. She also observed that 10 – 30 percent ofsampled drugs fail quality control tests in many developing countries.
In justifying the concern with health innovation systems in Africa, Dr Sampath further
observed that not less than four MDGs focus on health. It also is worth noting that morethan 90 percent of the worldwide pharmaceutical production by value and 97 percent ofresearch and development activity took place in developed countries. She said a sectoral
perspective on health innovation would help to take a holistic approach by focusing on
knowledge and technological domain, the actors and networks as well as the institutions. A
wide-range of policies, she said, affect health innovation systems. These include science andtechnology policies, pharmaceutical production policies, policies on small and medium
enterprises, educational policies, technology transfer policy, and intellectual property policy.
The presenter gave the example of India as an important emerging player in thepharmaceutical industry owing to its cost effectiveness, strong manufacturing base, strong
science base, well-established market outlets, and access to highly trained scientists.
While gigantic steps in the field of innovation in health and related areas were being made, asignificant part of Africa’s population was still stuck on traditional remedies – which catered
for two thirds of African people. How traditional healing knowledge would bemainstreamed into modern health systems is still a thorny issue, the speaker pointed out,
because there still are credibility questions being raised about it.

4.3

Cheikh Oumar Anne

National Innovation System in Senegal
Dr Cheikh Oumar Anne, the Director-General for Technology
Innovation Alliance in Senegal, presented a case study of his
country’s innovation system. For Senegal, the innovation process
involved research and enterprise because, he argued, innovation isabout development.
The innovation system in the country
accommodates institutions and business firms in order to add
value. An agency for promotion of technology in the country had
been set up, a clear testimony to Senegal’s determination to use
science and technology as agents of development.
Senegal is, in addition, seeking appropriate tools of wealth creation in such areas asagriculture. An example is an effort that is underway to preserve perishable commodities
such as mangoes. There also are efforts to come up with identical products that would bemarketed through African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA).
The speaker demonstrated the various programs and projects that Senegal has put in place
to promote technological development.
Issues Arising from the Presentations(i)

A participant wondered how a science and technology culture that is all-embracing
would be developed for individual countries taking into cognizance the complexityof the technological process.

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ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP(ii)

A participant noted that math and science literacy was key to the development of a
successful culture of innovation. He called on African countries to move in the
direction of math and science literacy for progress and noted that South Africa had
already taken that step by making mathematics and science compulsory in school.
(iii) A participant argued that innovations must be built on partnerships that are effective
and wondered if Africa had the mechanisms to lead to innovation. A further
question was who would be in charge, who would catalyze the initiative forinnovation.
(iv) A participant argued that Africa requires research for the benefit of the people. But
most research on the continent is commercial, he said, and governments hardly fundresearch projects. What is the way out of this situation?
(v) A question was asked on how to handle a person who combines both traditional andmodern medical practice and assist them to reveal their secrets in the context of
intellectual property rights (IPRs) for the benefit of the continent.
(vi) A participant recalled that at the previous ATPS conference and workshop a
proposal was made to have every African government commit one percent of its
gross domestic product (GDP) to research and asked how many countries hadhonored the proposal. “And should we not go beyond the 1 percent for impact?”(vii) It was observed that the fight against poverty impacts on other areas, and thequestion on how ATPS can steer the enterprise factor was posed.
(viii) Prof Norah Olembo said although the presentations were “excellent” they did notindicate what was missing from the various science and technology policies on thecontinent. She also sought to know if there were strategies that could be employed
to enable Africa to catch up with the developed world. The ATPS chair called for ahalt to the use of resources and technologies in Africa by outsiders without offering
adequate compensation. She further argued that the term “innovation systems”
appeared new and thus sounded complicated during the presentations and called fora more down-to-earth term.
(ix) A participant observed that emphasis had been placed on the need to develop aculture of innovation but wondered exactly how this would work in the context ofglobalization. India’s success story had been given, he said, but failed to see how
Africa would design its own innovation system. A further question was who would
define policy and the priorities for each African country – should this be left to themarket?
(x) It also emerged that the discussions at the conference were skewed towards the needfor Africa to catch up with the developed world technologically even though mostcountries were unaware of what was going on in the world. What should be done tocreate the necessary awareness on the continent?
(xi) It was pointed out that the issue on how incentives should create the necessary
environment to allow the development of a culture of innovation had not beenaddressed. There is need to make decision makers appreciate the efforts being madeand create incentives for them to spearhead the work.

Responses to the Issues Raised
(i)

(ii)

Lynn Mytelka (resource person) in response to Prof Olembo’s concern said
“Innovation is the outcome of your research project… A new process… a thing”. She
revealed International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) was designing amethodology that would help end the confusion.
On how to stimulate a culture of innovation, Prof Banji Oyeyinka said an innovation
is a product, a process that emerges from the structure, from a system of production.

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ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOPThe strengthening of a culture of innovation is germane to the history of a specificcountry, the education system, level of literacy and prioritization of math and scienceeducation. For a culture of innovation to be created there must be an intersectoraland an integrated science and technology policy.
(iii) On who is responsible for the creation of an innovation policy, Prof Banji said it was
the responsibility of governments, in conjunction with all partners. He pointed outthat there had been a tendency to leave out partners in the past as governments
attempted to do everything. All must be involved, he clarified, with the government
taking the lead role.
(iv) On the role of research and development (R&D) in development, Prof Banji said
investment should be concentrated on innovation rather than on research anddevelopment. R&D is a component of the science and technology development
process.
(v) Dr Sampath, in response, called for rights to protect traditional medical practitioners,
noting there were no recognized or written rights for people in the practice. Rights
would give incentives to traditional healers to reveal their knowledge and secrets.
There is also a need to give credibility to traditional medical practice which is often
viewed as working through trial and error, thus making scientists shun it. She said
there also was a lot of traditional knowledge that needed copyright protection. “A
broader view of what we want to protect should be had,” Dr Sampath concluded.
(vi) Prof Banji conceded that most research in Africa had been commercialized. He also
said theft of innovations was not a new phenomenon. India and China were clear
examples of what Africa can do in the field of technology. Today, however, Africa
was ‘feeding’ the rest of the world with its raw materials rather than developing
them. To integrate a culture of innovation in Africa lobbying would have to be apriority and the way forward.
(vii) Prof Mytelka, in response, made a passionate statement on patenting and publishing.
Patenting, she emphasized, is only as good as one can enforce it. Once an innovator
is published, the product goes into the public domain. Africa could not stop China
from making cheap products – only a powerful country like the United States could.
She stressed that the point is to get innovation working – and as quickly as possible.
This can be achieved by offering appropriate incentives.

4.4

Lynn Mytelka

New Pathways to Meeting the MDGs
This presentation was delivered by Prof Lynn Mytelka, a former
Director UNU-MERIT and also an ATPS board member. The
presentation was based on research she had carried out based on casestudies. The presenter said MDGs were a heuristic device thatindicated what needed to be achieved without showing how wewould get there. Achieving the MDGs requires new thinking, she
stressed that, that changes the view of developing countries as‘technology users’ and sees them as ‘technology producers andinnovators.’ She called for the designing of new strategies that would
build a ‘system of innovation’ with lesser emphasis on a ‘system of
production’.
A production systems approach focuses on inputs and outputs as well as efficiency andquality. It does not, however, take into consideration those who enjoy the range of choices –in for example, health care. An innovation systems approach, on the other hand, focuses on
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ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP

the processes of change and analyses factors that shape innovation, the practices and sets ofchoices that affect sustainable development.
For success, effective policies must be put in place. These are industrial, science, technology
and innovation policies. Industrial policies focus on production and outputs in quantitative
terms. Science policies deal with the supply of knowledge, and the knowledge
infrastructure, with outputs also being measured in quantitative terms.
Technology policies focus on competitiveness with emphasis on firm-level behaviour
whereas innovation policies focus on dynamic processes of change, adaptation, interaction
and integration.
Africa faces the danger of exclusion from the global realm of development as a result oftechnological change that tends to marginalize smallholders and the poor. In agriculture, forexample, there is the danger of small producers being squeezed out by capital costs and highroyalty payments for varieties. There are also limited incentives to develop breeding
capabilities, market access, and prices are set by the high and mighty, and certification rules
also work out against the less endowed.
Prof Mytelka thus called for programs that develop technologies in natural resource-basedindustries.
Issues Arising from the Presentations(i)

A participant observed that use of local languages must not be ignored when dealing
with the problems the conference was trying to address.
(ii) It also was noted that there had been many meetings across Africa, particularly
under the auspices of the World Bank, to assess the continent’s performance and its
preparedness to achieve MDGs by the set deadline but a way out had not been foundbecause the continent lags behind in development. The contributor suggested efforts
be concentrated on improving food production to feed the people.
(iii) A participant reminded the conference that ATPS had taken attendees to an ILRI
farm in Ethiopia during a previous meeting where livestock development and themaking of livestock products, such as cheese was extremely impressive. The
participant called for the setting up of such projects in Africa to help end hunger andmalnutrition.
(iv) A contributor from Swaziland said there was heightened activity in the country in
the name of MGDs and women were being exploited in the process. They would, forinstance, make oil which would be taken away to benefit others.

Responses to the Issues Raised
The presenter, Prof L. Mytelka, said the central question appeared to be what should bedone to ensure wealth in rural areas benefited the people. The answer, she said, lay inidentifying what we have and what we need. Unfortunately, she said, wrong economics
was the talk in much the same way it was after World War II.

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ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP

4.5

Andy Safalaoh

Applying the NIS in an African Set-Up: Preliminary Findings of a Case Study of the Maize SubSector in Malawi
This case study of the maize sub-sector in Malawi was prepared by
Prof Andy Safalaoh of the Bunda College of Agriculture, University of
Malawi. On policies that had a bearing on the maize sub-sector in
Malawi, the presenter first discussed a general one adopted soon after
independence that had a dual role. The policy was augmented in the
1970s and also in the 1990s by the country’s Statement ofDevelopment Policies and, in 1995, by the Agricultural and Livestock
Strategy and Plan of Action. In 2005 Malawi formulated the new
agricultural policy to complement other strategies. The policy is
guided by the country’s Vision 2020, the Malawi Growth and Development Strategy and the
MDGs, among other strategies.
The country has also formulated an input policy aimed at establishing structures formarketing of farmers’ produce. It has also set up the Agricultural Productivity Investment
Programme to promote agricultural development. A land reform commission was also set
up in 1996 to facilitate security of tenure and equitable access to land. Also in place are an
irrigation policy, a science and technology policy and a national biotechnology policy.
The presenter gave examples of innovations and technologies adopted by farmers in themaize sub-sector. These include innovations in hybrid and open-pollinated varieties for
quality protein maize, post-harvest technology, irrigation at the small-scale level, and inrain-water harvesting. Other innovations recorded include contract farming, formation of
farmer associations, adoption of marketing information systems – such as the use of thecellular phone, and establishment of community food banks. Other innovations include
mounting of field schools for farmers, setting up of funds for inputs such as fertilizers,
taking pluralistic extension approaches to farming, and distributing land to the landless.
The presenter identified policy issues that were not conducive to all actors and inadequate
funding for research as among the challenges being faced in the sub-sector. Others are
inadequate research and development capacity, poor information flow and poor linkages
among the actors. Poor access to inputs, unreliable markets, high cost of inputs, inequitableland distribution and small land sizes as well as changes in climate are also challenges in the
sector. He stressed that the way out was in strengthening the National Innovation System(NIS).

4.6

Maurice Bolo

Applying the Innovation Systems Approach to the Agricultural Sector: the Case of Kenya’s
Floriculture Industry
The case study was presented by Maurice Bolo of ATPS who said
floriculture in Kenya forms 60 percent of the total earnings fromhorticulture and 8 percent of Kenya’s total export revenues. The subsector contributes US$200 million to the economy annually andemploys 100,000 people directly and two million people indirectly.
Kenya is the largest exporter of floriculture produce to the European
Union.

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ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP

The presenter said the sub-sector was guided by agricultural policies such as the 1986
Sessional Paper that removed all monopolistic trends. Sessional Paper No. 1 of 1994
restricted government role to provision of public goods, and the creation of a conducive
environment for agricultural produce as marketing and distribution were passed on to
private sector players. He said Sessional Paper No. 1 of 1986 called for wider stakeholder
participation in agriculture while Sessional Paper No. 1 of 1994 called for generation oftechnologies in collaboration with research institutions, and the fostering of linkages
between farmers and agro-industries.
The presenter said the policies, institutions and actors that are needed to create a functionalinnovation system exist in Kenya. This can be borne out of the fact that the government
does not interfere in agro-business, the laws enable innovation, and there are strong
industrial associations and a robust private sector. The challenges facing the sector,
however, include weak interactions between growers and the local research anddevelopment system, failure on the part of industry to use research capacity to diagnose
problems besetting the industry, and an over-reliance on external knowledge from theinternational research and development system.
Issues Arising from the Presentations
(i)

(ii)

(iii)
(iv)
(v)

(vi)
(vii)
(viii)

(ix)
(x)

(xi)
(xii)
(xiii)

It was pointed out that the presentations were clear that relations between farmers
and researchers are weak. For the linkages to be strengthened, deliberate action bydecision-makers at the top must be taken.
A participant was thrilled to learn flowers could be grown in Africa to earn people
money but wondered how the farmers were competing with business people in the
trade from China. He called for increased and large-scale growing of flowers
across the continent.
Clarification was sought as to whether irrigation from large water sources inMalawi would interfere with hydro-electric power generation.
Further clarification was sought as to whether Kenya was growing flowers fromthe wild and whether materials were imported for the industry.
It was pointed out that Malawi women’s fishing business faced the danger of being
taken over by men even after the women had spent a lot of time learning to fish
and to maneuver canoes and boats.
Someone sought to know if sewage farming posed any problems.
A participant observed that far too much emphasis in the presentations tended to
be on developing and strengthening linkages.
A participant said there was a danger in trying to formulate far too many policies
that might eventually be contradictory. It is useful, it was suggested, to look atpolicies in different sectors with a view to harmonizing them for consistent
progress and development.
It was pointed out that subsidies had come out as major incentives to farming in
Malawi. How sustainable are they?
Clarification was sought on the extent to which flower farming was affecting the
Kenyan socio-economic and political scene considering it was carried out mainly
by white farmers or farmers of Asian origin.
Incentives for flower growing in Ethiopia were said to be exemplary and aparticipant wanted to know what effect this had on the country.
Clarification was also sought on the type of taxes levied against flower farmers.
A further question was whether lives of people in the flowering-growing countries
had improved.

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ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP

(xiv)

(xv)

(xvi)

Another question was whether there are international non-governmentalorganization (NGOs) in flower farming in Africa and why whenever someintervention was required foreigners got involved.
It was pointed out that marginal costs are important in international markets but
Cote d’Ivoire attempted to increase its market by 60-70 percent to beat neighboring
countries but the marginal costs were far too low. Africa, it was pointed out, needs
to exert control on the international market.
A participant sought to know the extent to which flower growers in Kenya andmaize farmers in Malawi were conforming to environment standards.

Responses to the Issues Raised
(i)

(ii)

4.7

The Malawi presenter said liberalization of the economy had led to very high prices
in the country. Subsidies that had been removed were re-introduced to combat
hunger among the people. NGOs are involved in farming in the country. He also
said science and innovation systems were being encouraged and their application invarious places was on. In Malawi, linkages between farmers and researchers are
weak, particularly between farmers and universities. There is also a lack of outreachand extension programs. In certain places, farmers decline to use fertilizers.
The Kenyan presenter said farmers were continually innovating on the farms.
Flowers were sold almost entirely to European markets and only rejects found their
way to the local market. Most of the flowers grown are imported – which is aconstraint – because the farmers have to pay for the imports. Majority of the flower
farmers are of western or Asian origin but they consider themselves Kenyans. It is
not clear what profits may be re-investing in the country and policies on health andsanitation tend to be exerted by the market. There’s a move to shift flower growing
business to Ethiopia because of the many taxes the farmers have to pay to the
Kenyan government – as many as 35 taxes.

Marcelino Lucas

Mozambique’s Science, Technology and Innovation Strategy
This case study was presented by Dr Marcelino Lucas, Mozambique’s Director of Planning
Statistics and Cooperation who said his country had begun to appreciate the fact thattechnology is a cross-cutting issue. He also said technology is controversial and requires
good inter-institutional co-ordination for it to be integrated in the development process. He
discussed his country’s innovation strategy and identified the key areas as agriculture,human resource development, education, energy, health, marine sciences and fishing,mineral resources, water and construction. The enabling technologies were identified asbiotechnology and ICTs.
Mozambique’s innovation strategy, he pointed out, aims to foster a culture of innovation in
the country, promote grassroots innovation to help the poor and disadvantaged
communities and promote research and development in industrial and public sectors. The
strategy also seeks to foster transfer of technology, promote use of ICTs for good governanceand service delivery and enhance human resource development. In addition, the strategy
seeks to build policy instruments, establish funding policies and mechanisms for research,assess performance, and promote mainstreaming of science and technology in all sectors.
The speaker said Africa could not afford to miss the potential of innovativeness.

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5

Panel Discussion on Efforts to Realize MDGs

The third session of the conference and workshop took the form of a panel discussion to
examine what Africa must do to be on course in efforts to realize the millennium
development goals (MDGs) by 2015. There had been a consensus that Africa had lagged
behind in realization of MDGs and analysts were highly skeptical that the continent would
be able to achieve the goals by the set deadline. The panelists were expected to makesuggestions on what the continent should do to reverse the situation. They were expected tostate what measures Africa should take in applying science, technology and innovation toachieve the MDGs and to also propose what such organizations as African Technology
Policy Studies Network (ATPS) can do to facilitate the process.
The panelists included Dr John Mugabe of New-Partnership for Africa’s Development(NEPAD), Prof Lynn Mytelka of ATPS, Prof Banji Oyelaran-Oyeyinka of the United Nations
University-MERIT, Dr Roch Mongbo of Benin, Dr Sidiki Dembele of Mali, Prof Antonio Leaoof Mozambique, Dr Lucas Marcelino of Mozambique and Mr Francis Kweku Amalgoh of
Ghana.
Prof Banji Oyeyinka said setting goals must be a priority in efforts to realize the MDGs.
Stakeholders should move away from their fixation with research, saying this was but one
component of the science and technology policy initiative. Thought must be given to thedesign of capabilities, link systems as well as to the development of science and technology
resources. Thus, stakeholders must be careful about the type of research they fund, and thiswould only be achieved through careful goal setting.
Goal-setting must be followed by a rigorous evaluation process that monitors successes,
failures and limitations on a regular basis. The tendency on the continent was to set goals,
begin implementation, fail to monitor and later begin to panic when we realize we are notachieving expected results. Policy-makers must be part and parcel of this process.
However, the common trend, even at universities, has been to build capacities that policymakers are unaware of. The building of innovation systems, therefore, must include policymakers, legislators and universities, among other stakeholders.
Innovation systems should be designed for the long-term and must envision a wide range ofactors.
Thirdly, priority setting is a must. Prof Oyeyinka painted out that there are eight MDGs andthe capacity to work towards achieving them differs from country to country. Sectoralpriorities, therefore, must be considered for effective realization of the goals.
Dr Roch Mongbo was very skeptical about the continent’s ability to achieve the MDGs.
Indeed, he posed the question whether Africa was interested in achieving them and argued
that Africa’s energy should no longer be riveted to achieving MDGs but to eradicating
poverty and raising production on the continent.
The panelist also said there is a lack of re-assessment of MDGs by individual Africancountries with a view to dealing with them in specific country contexts.

ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP

17

ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOPDr Sidiki Dembele was optimistic that Africa would realize the MDGs. ATPS, he said,should sensitize people on their rights and responsibilities for this to happen. In addition, aplatform for synergy of actors and end-users must be created if MDGs are to be achieved.
Mr Francis Kweku said the primary question is whether Africa is ready for development.
Going by Ghana’s experience, the continent is not ready – and could therefore not attain the
MDGs. He stressed that agriculture must first be developed if the continent is to make a
step in realizing the goals. There must also be a change of thinking and priorities, a reorientation that supplies Ghanaian mangoes to the people of Ghana and not to Europe andChina. Most research in Ghana is foreign-sponsored, and thus supports foreign interests.
Over-dependence on aid on the continent is creating problems for Africa – and thus making
it difficult to move towards achieving MDGs.
Dr Marcelino Lucas proposed that the continent stops focusing on research for production
only. In addition, there must be created a vision through which knowledge is not used for
purposes of discrimination. Those with knowledge in Africa have a responsibility to those
who do not have it. Attitudes must also change to give room to the creation of a culture ofinnovativeness on the continent. African people must begin to appreciate use oftechnologies to change their lives.
Prof Lynn Mytelka said Africa must broaden its agenda and involve stakeholders who had
been left out, such as universities. Agricultural change must be supported, and Africa must
think about local varieties of their crops that need research. Africa must think about theneeds of those in need.
Equally important is the creation of mechanisms that enable Africa to learn – such as
dialogue.

Issues emerging from the panel discussion(i)

MDGs will remain a dream unless the issue of leadership in Africa is resolved, aparticipant contended.
(ii) Africa is too poor to move into the science and technological world. The irony is thatthe continent is spending huge amounts of money on the military and on elections.
(iii) There was a clarion call from Uganda for Africa not to ignore the youth who havegreat potential but remain unemployed and idle. Majority of them are over 18 years.
(iv) A participant from Swaziland called for the involvement of everyone who matters if
MDGs are to be achieved.
(v) Agenda for African countries are set by foreigners, a participant from Ghana
declared. The agenda for Mozambique, she said, is replicated in Ghana although thetwo countries are different in many ways.
(vi) To achieve success, research must be participatory, a contributor from Mali said.
ATPS should facilitate involvement of authorities to achieve better research results.
(vii) Padmashree Gehl-Sampath said knowledge was being confused with production.
There is plenty of knowledge being generated out there at all times and there is direneed to tap it. The question, she said, should be how research projects initiated in,say, Mozambique are impacting on the grassroots. Too much valuable time wasspent discussing MDGs and wondered how credit would be given to indicators thatappear similar in all African countries.

18

ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP(viii) Dr Kevin Urama, conducting a wrap-up of the panel discussion, underlined the needto see the ‘interconnectedness’ and complexity of MDGs. Secondly, he emphasized
the importance of engaging all actors, even at the grassroots, for sustainability.
Thirdly, he described MDGs as global issues requiring specific handling at thecountry level. Fourth, he voiced disagreement with those who had called for a stop
to dealing with MDGs, saying Africa ‘needs to engage’ and to be heard. Fifth, he said
Africa needs to know where it is vis-à-vis demand-driven research. It must also
involve the youth in all initiatives geared towards achievement of MDGs.

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6

Working Group Discussions

This session was devoted to working group discussions which were designed to facilitatecloser interaction amongst the participants. It was envisaged to give all participants anopportunity to share their experiences and views on the assigned topics. More importantly,
these deliberations would inform and shape the proposed ATPS regional programme on
science and innovation policies in Africa. The working group members would discuss key
priority issues relevant to the topic and suggest strategies and actions required to assist subSaharan Africa (SSA) countries achieve the millennium development goals (MDGs).
At the end of the session, each working group was expected to come up with:
A set of key research needs that can inform how African innovation systems actors,
institutions, policies, behaviors and linkages might better apply S & T and innovation
systems approach to achieve the MDGs in SSA.

A set of five key training and institutional capacity building issues that require
immediate action if SSA is to achieve the MDGs.

A set of top three prioritized recommendations to address each of the issues
identified as they relate to policies, institutions, organizations, knowledge andtechnology generation and utilization.

Suggestions for the role of ATPS in addressing the identified issues and achieving
the recommendations.
Working Group 1 examined “The Role of Linkages, Partnerships and Mechanisms toGenerate and Promote Access to Knowledge, Innovations and Technologies in Meeting The
MDGs in SSA” and responded to the following questions:
What roles can partnerships play in helping to realize the MDGs?
Will this differ if the partnerships are within a national system of innovation or
involve north-south linkages?

Would the roles that partnerships might play differ across the MDG goals and if so,which might benefit most from which kinds of partnerships?
Working Group 2 examined: “Integrating Knowledge Systems: Towards an Inclusive
Approach to Achieving the MDGs” and deliberated on how research can build on local
knowledge in order to achieve the MDGs, and how you blend modern and traditional aswell as local and international science to encourage innovation.
Working Group 3 examined: “Coping with Technical Change: Harnessing Traditional andEmerging Technologies for Africa’s Needs” and explored the areas and technologies ofpreference.

Group 1 Report
Group 1 was tasked to examine “The Role of Linkages, Partnerships and Mechanism toGenerate and Promote Access to Knowledge, Innovations and Technologies in Meeting
MDG’s in Sub-Saharan Africa”
The group identified the linkage gaps between knowledge and producers as the following:
Lack of policy harmony at the political policy level
Poor incentives to enhance collaboration among actors

ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP

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ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP






Poor funding of fora and mechanisms to bring actors together
Poor linkage of research to production
Poor linkages from other actors apart from the government
Lack of support for existing linkages to new ones

The group also examined the differences between local and global linkages and found:
Different linkages at local and global levels

Local linkages tend to be more sustainableGlobal linkages involve power asymmetry, e.g. commodity value chainsWeak linkages among producers at different technological levels in the given
commodity chainForeign technological knowledge could be appropriated through global-local
linkagesWeak partnership among sub-Saharan countries and within components of thenational system of innovations

Lack of competitiveness in global markets for standard commodities

Lack of organization to meet the market requirements at global level
Proposed Research for ATPS
Study linkages at local, regional, national and international levels
Examine through systematic study forms of linkages among local actors.
Study value chain of selected commodities in Africa to understand the role of powerand governance of the value chains.
Study how foreign local linkages could be used to build domestic technologicalcapacities.
Action Points and Capacity Development

Build partnership among actors in sub-Saharan countries and within the national
system of innovations. There is a need to solve our problems by ourselves.

Build analytical capacity at all levels of the innovation system (including policy andtechnological capabilities).

Look for untapped markets and promote new growth sectors.

Foster networks among local and regional actors.

National governments should facilitate public-private sector partnerships. ATPS
should be a main advocate.
All other actors (civil society, chamber of commerce, etc.) in the system of innovation
should participate have a say in policy formulation and evaluation
Linkages and MDGs Priorities
Example 1: Local-global partnership with direct benefits to producers (small-scale flower
producers in Ethiopia).
Example 2: Local-global partnership with direct impacts on producers (large scale
floriculture in Kenya).
Example 3: Local-global partnership between researchers and foreign institutions.
Example 4: Partnerships triggered by crisis with longer term positive impacts (scientificjoint venture to combat HIV, fish export ban to the EU in Uganda).
Broad Research Agenda
Research program to better understand types of linkages across countries, sectors
and time.

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ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP






Comparative studies of policy impact on interactions within different systems ofinnovations.
Comparative studies of linkage and learning in national and sectoral systems andvalue chain for commodity/market linkages at national and international levels.
Impact of knowledge and technology of producers on partnerships andcompetitiveness.
Comparative studies between alternative uses of commodities (between foodchain/industrial chain), e.g. cassava for food or for starch.

Group 2 Report
Group 2 was tasked to examine “Integrating Knowledge Systems Towards an Inclusive
Approach to Achieving the MDGs”
The group identified the following as the major issues to tackle in the realization of the
MDGs:Role of indigenous knowledge (IK) in promoting research priorities.

Link between grassroots innovative capabilities and knowledge generation capacity.

Access to knowledge – both indigenous and knowledge generated in modern
research.
The group identified health actors asTraditional medicine associations
Traditional healers
Universities and public research institutions (PRIs)

Private sector
Government agencies, ministries of science and technology (MoS&T)Rules and law-making agencies

Health institutions and donors
Hospitals

Civil society, communicators, NGOs

Consumers.
The problems in integrating traditional medicine (TM) in modern health care were identifiedas:
Secrecy: incentives to reveal for TMHLack of policies and laws to promote collaboration

Low education levels among TMH, resulting in problems of consumer credibility.

Lack of resource centres to train.

Apathy between scientists and doctors & TMH
Financial limitations to conduct R&D based on TM
Incentives for disclosure were identified as:Property rights
Financial incentives – Mali
Recognition of authority – Zimbabwe
Transfer of cases – Zambia, Mali.
Issues with the larger health innovation system and capacity include:Lack of facilities

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ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP

Lack of private sector
Unsustainable provision of raw materials leading to environmental degradation
Lack of financial resources.

Suggested action for ATPSSupport research on IPRs on TM for Africa
Support research policies on integration of TM and modern health care.
Support curriculum development and review to educate TMH
The other area looked into was agriculture where the actors were identified as:Farmers
Agricultural associations

Universities & PRIs

Private sector
Government agencies

Rules and law-making agencies
International associations and donors

Civil society, communicators and NGOs

Consumers.
The problems of IK in agriculture were identified as:Loss of crop varieties due to climate change, e.g. drought
Loss of indigenous germplasm due to introduction of new varieties (from modern
agriculture).
Indigenous knowledge resources not taken into account when planning for research.

Loss of IK information due to shift towards modern agricultural methods, e.g.
monocultures.

Low resistance of seed to disease
The problems in relation to collaboration were identified as follows:
Indigenous agriculture is associated with subsistence farming and poor yields – socapacity to contribute and further strengthening of IK ignored in policy initiatives.

Lack of government policies for enhancement IKS for profitable motives by e.g.
organic farming.

Lack of collaboration between universities and PRIs and private sector.
Lack of policy initiates to educate farmers of shifting interests and its implications(e.g. finger millet substituted by maize due to consumer preferences in Zimbabwe).
Research priorities not set in line with local needs (indigenous breed of cattle in
Zimbabwe and Swaziland).
Problems in collaboration
 Indigenous knowledge very difficult to remunerate in agriculture.
Suggested action for ATPS
Carry out research in indigenous farming to include nutrition and commercial value
issues.

Carry out research to shape research priorities in indigenous farming to take grassroot innovations into account.
Help countries to formulate policies on the above
Carry out research on what incentives should be given to farmers to promoteindigenous farming methods.

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ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP

Facilitate the compilation and sharing of success stories in agriculture innovation in
Africa.

The other area examined by the group was the environment where the actors wereidentified as:Farmers
Chiefs/traditional rulersPrivate sector, universities

Local communities
Environmentalists, NGOs, civil society,
Government agencies and ministries
Problems in IK – EnvironmentLack of prioritization of environmental outputs: preference on environmental
products to environmental services
Breakdown of community structures and values
Reduced credibility of IK leading to mistrustNo direct commercial motive of IK leading to its reduced promotion and use.
Continued use of environmentally unsustainable practices.
Collaboration in IK – EnvironmentLack of focus on education in environmental sciences
Lack of prioritization of indigenous knowledge development in environment.

Lack of finances for environmental research.

Lack of focus on education in environmental sciences.

Lack of finances on environmental research.
Success stories in conservation were given as follows:
Uganda – saving of the grey headed gull in Lake Victoria by local community withassistance of United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

Zambia – 25 percent of wildlife conservation profits filtering to local communities forclinics, schools, bridges, etc through administrative management design (ADMADE)
programme. Also closed fishing season — December to February — observed by all.

Zimbabwe – wildlife conservation profits to the community through community
areas management programme for indigenous resources (CAMFIRE) programme.
Zanzibar – Octopus fishing control with assistance from United States Agency forInternational Development (USAID)
Mali – control of fishing activities through by-laws enforced by local leaders in thecommunities.
Suggested action for ATPS
Conduct research on environmental indigenous knowledge to be integrated into
research issues.

Facilitate review of environmental laws and policies to include environmental
knowledge.
Facilitate the compilation of success stories on environmental conservation.
Help structure course curriculum for secondary and tertiary education inenvironmental sciences.

24

ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOPGroup 3 Report
Group 3 was tasked to examine the topic “Coping with Technical Change: Harnessing
Traditional and Emerging Technologies for Africa’s Needs”
Three issues were prioritized and covered: Agriculture, Health and Education.
Agriculture
Traditional technologies in Africa have been applied over the years. Exemplary caseincludes visual selection of seeds. The method is however not consistent and the quality of
seed varies from one year to another.
Some new technologies emerging from science-based research, such as genetically modified(GM) food production, have the potential to address issues of food security. Issues to beconsidered for discussion are capacity to adapt these technologies, favourable policy
framework, general acceptance and the basis for acceptance. In particular, we need to be
specific on how to address the issue of food security.
HealthCommon diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, cholera and malnutrition are lifethreatening to majority of our people. The situation is exacerbated mainly by:Wide spread malnutrition, making the fight against diseases difficult

Poor disease control

Lack of access to treatment
Poorly equipped treatment facilitiesHigh cost of medicines which are patented outside Africa

Poor drug compliance and emerging drug-resistant diseases
Lack of funding for research and capacityPoor incentives in public health in general.
Education
Education affects all other development sectors and hence it is critical to the attainment of
MDGs. There is a need to overhaul our education system so that it focuses on Africa’s
development needs. We should diversify our knowledge base so that we have capacity forindustrial production which includes adding value to our produce for the export market. It
is therefore important that industrial research institutes are established to address theseissues.
Despite the fact that majority of Africans use traditional medicines this has been totally
ignored in our education systems. To a very large extent, our culture and values have notbeen incorporated in the system. It is critical that our traditional knowledge system andway of life are integrated into the school curricula.
Issues Emerging from Working Group Discussion Reports
(i)

(ii)

It was observed that indigenous knowledge is often communal and one of thequestions raised asked how intellectual property rights would be applied to protect
what belongs to many people.
It also was observed that traditional medicine required standardization so that its
dispensation may also be in clear doses.

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ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP(iii)

A lot of innovation was going on in the field of traditional medicine and indigenous
knowledge but the areas were surrounded with secrecy. ATPS was called upon to
identify traditional healers in Africa with a view to documenting their work andknowledge.
(iv)
It was pointed out that the African Union had carried out a lot of work on
indigenous knowledge and published four volumes on the subject.
(v)
It was reported that World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) was working
on intellectual property rights. In the case of indigenous knowledge, it wasreported that an individual could not hold rights as the knowledge was communal.
It was stressed, therefore, that communities should work together to reach an
appropriate solution to the problem.
(vi)
HIV/Aids is a cross-cutting issue but it had not featured in the discussions, acontributor noted.
(vii) Information should be available at all times on the implications of the use oftechnology, especially with regard to biotechnology, a participant said.
(viii) Ways and means should be found to accommodate traditional medicine in Africa’s
health systems. Criteria such as industrial use may be obstacles to mainstreaming
traditional medicine.
(ix)
Africans are opposed to genetically modified organisms (GMOs) because they havelittle knowledge and information on the technology. People must be educated on
the technology.
(x)
GM foods should be supported on account of Africa’s rising populations. The
continent cannot rely on local breeding methods. More money should be devoted
to equipping and modernizing Africa’s educational institutions to enable them tocatch up with those in the rest of the world.
(xi)
Protection of indigenous knowledge is complicated by territorial boundaries that
separate the same people. The matter should therefore be handled collectively – itcannot be left to individual countries.
(xii) To resolve the issues being raised there is a need to remain focused to the programof ATPS.

Other suggestions
Availability of energy hampers revolutions in agriculture and industrial sectors, which
would have contributed in poverty eradication efforts. Biomass (energy from plants) can be
integrated for sustainable energy supply; solar cookers can also be used. ATPS should
advocate for rural electrification.

26

ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP
Major issues
AGRICULTURE• Africa was marginalized in the technologicalrevolution.
•Hindered biotechnology adaptation.
•Funding for availability of seeds for BTs(expecting rise in cost in future)•Climatic changes•Poor agricultural techniques•Lack of agricultural research facilities and humanresources•Lack of capital•Lack of Government commitment.
•agriculture production that is not demandoriented•Low
productivity
forincreasing
population/demandagainstovercoming
malnutrition.
•Lack of post harvest processing industry•Exportation of unprocessed agro products.
•Focus on western markets for agro products.
•Lack of supportive infrastructure for agro
production
HEALTH•Child mortality results mainly from malnutrition
and mothers’ health•Majority of Africans depend on traditional
medicines.
•Lack of promotion for traditional medicines andhealing techniques.
•Complexity of traditional healing extending from
biological to psychological issues.
•Traditional medicine is not patentable undercurrent laws.
•Traditional treatment dosage not quantified.

Responses required to effectively address the
MDGs

Suggested actions to be taken by ATPS atregional/national levels over the next three years•Africa should master biotechnology (to havechoice whether to adapt or not because it will
have economic and financial impact in future)•Polices to reduce the scale of risks associatedwith biotechnology rather than discouraging its
use (entry and exit must be defined)•Linking farmers to supplies and markets, andassist them to meet standard set by the market.
•ICT should be used to promote agriculture.
•Laboratories established by NEPAD in Kenya,
South Africa and Cameroon should be usedregionally.
•National processing industries for agro produce
should be established (discourage exportation of
unprocessed agro produces).
•Regional markets under COMESA need to bereviewed and stimulated•Improved infrastructure.

•Advocate for use of biotechnology based on
availability of capacity and human resources.
•Advocate for sustainability of agro production
focusing resource allocation.
•Advocate for post harvest processing or value
addition to agro produce.
•Advocate for strong linkage between actors inagriculture.
•Advocate for using of ICT in enhancing
productivity in agriculture.
•Advocate for regional cooperation andcollaboration.
•Advocate for the removal of trade barriers
between African states.
•Advocate for improved infrastructure.

•Improved nutrition to mothers•Research on active constituents in traditional
medicines and effectiveness for treatment.
•Research on traditional treatment techniques(knowledge, diagnostic and prescription).
•Establish set of retrievable information on
traditional healing knowledge and skill fortransferability.
•Establish an inventory of all endangered species•Mechanism should be devised to address theissue to compensation for disclosure of•Advocate for research and use of traditional
medicines.
•Advocate for dialogue between actors such as
traditional practitioners, medical doctors,
scientists and policy makers.
•Advocate for interface between traditional
practitioners and medical doctors.
•Advocate for relevant polices for IKS.
•Advocate for research in IKS in general.
•Advocate for the preservation of endangered
medicinal plants.

27

ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP•Lack of research on traditional medicines so that
active constituents are known.
•Endangered traditional medicinal species.
EDUCATION•The focus is on funding primary education, but
secondary and tertiary education is left
unattended.
•Outdated curricula that do not take into accountactual needs for Africa.
•Curriculum that fails to reveal capacities of local
scholars.
•Inadequacy of teachers and distant schools,
especially in rural areas

traditional healing
issues).
•ICTs can be used.

knowledge

system(IPR• Consider education as a strategic weapon fordevelopment.
•Integrate lifelong learning and training to build
up capacity.
•Tailor made curricula, reviewed to cover
dynamic societal needs.
•Africaregional
staff/student
exchange
programmes.
•Periodical evaluation of education system tocover emerging issues and technologies.
•Convene formal and informal education systems

28•Advocate for ICT connectivity in rural areas.

•Advocate for education policy review.
•Advocate for periodic curriculum review tocover Africa’s needs.
•Advocate for lifelong learning practices forcapacity building purpose.
•Advocate for informal field training.
•Advocateforintegrationof
traditional
knowledge system and way of life into school
curricula

7

Methodological Issues

Innovation Systems Frameworks: Concepts and Methodological Issues
Prof Banji Oyelaran-Oyeyinka made the presentation on innovation systems frameworks
based on case studies. He demonstrated the need to clearly show the objectives of a casestudy and the expectations, and outlined the innovation systems principles. The objectivesof case studies are to map the innovation systems by identifying key actors, theirinteractions and boundaries. The objectives also include explaining the performance ofinterventions in terms of the innovation capacity as well as identify systems failures. The
objectives further include developing practical options to strengthen the innovation system
in which initiatives are situated.
The presenter defined an innovation system as one where all the actors and theirinteractions involved in the production and use of knowledge, and the institutional andpolicy context that shapes the processes of interacting, knowledge sharing and learning.
Innovation systems principles focus on innovation, linkages partnerships and networks.
The principles take cognizance of the diversity of actors, the role of institutions and policies.
They also take cognizance of learning and capacity development as well as evolution ofcontexts and connections. The innovation system timeline and evolution considers thecentral message and the sources of information. In examining the domestic policy, thequestions to consider are:
What are the set of policies that should be put in place to encourage innovation?
Which ones are having a positive impact on the behaviour of actors andorganizations and which ones are not?

Are there contradictory policies that are counteracting each other? Are some of thedormant policies and support structures being affected by habit, practices andinstitutions of actors and organizations and what additional measures or incentives
would be needed to account for this?
In system mapping the following should be considered:
Who are the main actors and organizations in the innovation system, what role dothey play and what are their skills and competencies?
Which actors and competencies are missing?
Are policies required to change the role of the public sector or to encourage others toplay different roles or play existing roles more effectively?
What is the extent of linkage between organizations? What is the nature of theselinks and do they support interaction and learning? Which links are missing andwhat types of linkage need to be encouraged?
In looking at habits and practices consider:What habits and practices do organizations have that restrict knowledge sharing,learning, investing and risk taking and inclusiveness of the demand side?

Are there habits and practices that exclude poor stakeholders?

Which habits and practices should be developed and in particular organizations? Are
the policies designed to support innovation being counteracted by existing habits
and practices?

What measures should be put in place to account for this?
ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP

29

8

Exhibition by National Chapters

Seven countries mounted an exhibition at the conference and workshop to show what they
had achieved and what progress the national chapters had made back at home. Those who
participated in the exhibition were Cameroon, Lesotho, Ethiopia, Swaziland, Ghana, Coted’Ivoire, and Burkina Faso.
Ghana was keen to demonstrate that the country had begun to evolve a policy on
innovation, science and technology. The chapter’s main success, however, was in hosting theSecond African Youth Congress on Food Security and Health.
Swaziland had mounted two major workshops on science and technology. The country’s
chapter had also been re-launched and was working closely with stakeholders in an effort toachieve the goals of ATPS. The chapter had also developed two papers on ATPS initiatives
as well as on MDGs, water and the environment. The chapter was busy working on a policy
on science and technology.
Cameroon was keen to have African people re-discover their country and took great pride
displaying their research output. They also displayed materials showing the rich
Cameroonian culture and heritage.
Mozambique’s Minister of Science and Technology visited the exhibition and commended
those who mounted the display.
Swaziland was declared to have mounted the best stand.

ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP

30

92006 ATPS Annual General Meeting

Remarks from the ATPS Chairperson and Board Members
Prof Norah Olembo, the Chairperson of the ATPS Board, observed that the conference andworkshop had been a great success. It had opened room for dialogue on problems besetting
Africa and ATPS would ‘sieve’ through the ideas and proposals generated, with a view toimplementing those considered to be priority.
Prof Samuel Wangwe observed that development could not be achieved without employing
technology. He expressed satisfaction at the way the conference had addressed issues ofdevelopment and called for more actors to be brought on board.
Prof Lynn Mytelka said energy and commitment were noticeable at the conference. She
congratulated ATPS on spreading its tentacles, saying the network had started small but had
expanded to Francophone and Lusophone countries in Africa. She commended translatorsfor doing a good job and further said she was impressed by the policy recommendations
made. “I think we need more members from civil society and elsewhere to make this more
inclusive”.
Prof Oliver Saasa noted that the level of discussions was high and said focus should be
riveted on the achievement of MDGs. He said one-third of African countries ought to haverealized 50 percent of MDGs by 2015 and called on all to face the challenge. “The challenge
is to demonstrate we can, as Africans, make a difference using innovation”.
Dr Kevin Urama said he was optimistic that the conference and workshop had been the
beginning of a truly beneficial process. He encouraged participants to engage with thestakeholders in their home countries
Ms Sheila Maina briefed the gathering on the ongoing ATPS programs including Water,
Health and ICT. She updated the meeting on progress towards hiring the Network’s new
Director of Research. She explained that over 53 candidates applied for the post. Short listingand interviews have been conducted and the successful candidate has been informed. He
will begin duty in due course.

ATPS Award Ceremony
At the 2006 ATPS annual general meeting, ATPS Awards were won as follows:
1)
Best Exhibition Award:
Swaziland2)
Most Innovative Advocacy Activity :Lesotho3)Best Effort Chapter:
Mozambique
4)
Best Overall Chapter:
Cote d’Ivoire

The ATPS 2007 Conference and Workshop
It was agreed that South Africa would host the 2007 ATPS conference and workshop.

ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP

31

10

Closure of Conference and Workshop

The 2006 ATPS conference and workshop was officially closed by Prof Antonio Leao on
behalf of the Minister of Science and Technology. He said the meeting was a milestone in
Africa’s development as it had brought scientists together to reflect on the role of scienceand technology as a tool for alleviation of poverty and realization of MDGs.
He said scientists are soldiers who must use knowledge to fight poverty and bring aboutdevelopment.
“We have shared experiences… we have had dialogue,” he said,
congratulating participants on their contributions. “Let this not be the end… let us ensure
we use the lessons to improve the welfare of people.”

Remarks from the Mayor of Abidjan
The mayor of Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire, thanked ATPS for organizing the conference: The
meeting he said, had reassured him that Africa had great hope. “When I attend a conference
like this – of people like you – I am greatly encouraged about the future of the continent.”
The mayor sought to know how he would be of use to ATPS and called on African
governments to support the unique efforts of ATPS to foster S&T in Africa.

Vote of Thanks
Ms Charlotte Wonani from Zambia, in passing a vote of thanks, thanked the Mozambique
government for supporting the hosting of the conference and workshop. She singled out the
Minister of Science and Technology for special tribute for having devoted “human andmaterial support” to the meeting. The ATPS Mozambique Chapter also won accolades for
its warm hospitality and for the onerous task they had borne in hosing the conference andfor its visible role in formulating S&T policies in Mozambique. She also thanked the ATPS
secretariat for superb administrative work. “Dynamite comes in small packages,” she said
in reference to ATPS’ capacity. The resource persons also won praise. Special mention went
to their skills in “sharing knowledge and experiences.”

ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP

32

11

National Coordinators Meeting

The National Coordinators Meeting

The ATPS National Coordinators’ meeting took place on 30 November 2006 in Sala Milando,
Pestana Rovuma Hotel and Conference Centre, Mozambique, Maputo.
Sheila Maina, the Acting Executive Director, ATPS, chaired the meeting. Dr Kevin Urama,
also attended the meeting. National Coordinators from 17 national Chapters were present.
Also in attendance were Kennedy Auka, Finance and Administration Manager and Lily
Aduke, Communication and Outreach Manager, ATPS. The highlights of the meeting are
discussed below.

Presentation by Dr Kevin UramaDr Urama’s presentation on project management highlighted the following topics:Definition of a project
Selection of individuals for activities

Reviewing grants
Project management cycleProject evaluation
Implementing the plan
Risks and issues

Chapter reports by country









Cote d’Ivoire highlighted the outcomes of the National Biotechnology Seminar in
Abidjan that was a follow-up to the ATPS Regional Biotechnology Forum in Dakar,
Senegal in March 2006.
Tanzania presented a status report on the on-going project on Innovation Clusters, a
project that has been funded by SIDA/SAREC in Tanzania and Uganda.
Mozambique discussed the process and challenges of organizing the 2006 ATPS
Annual Conference and Workshop. The chapter is also involved in a weekly television
programme on science, technology and innovation (STI).
South Africa reported on the progress of the chapter’s strategic plans and theinitiative to visit universities, the private sector and non-governmental organizations
to popularize ATPSThe key activities in Lesotho were the dissemination workshops on the Water andEnvironment Programme from the ATPS Dutch-funded small grants. The chapter also

ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP

33

ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP

















participated actively in the country’s science and technology week. The chapter held
its annual general meeting and elected a new national coordinator.
The Zambia Chapter was invited by the Communication Authority to participate in
the ICT policy-making process in the country. The chapter also participated in theorganization of a Media Workshop that was sponsored by ATPS in Lusaka, Zambia.
The Ethiopia National Chapter collaborated with the University of Addis Ababa inthe study of the coffee sector.
The Zimbabwe Chapter reported that the country’s administrative and current
economic structures have affected the chapters progress
The Benin Chapter reported its involvement in the Regional Biotechnology Workshop in
Dakar in March and the ATPS Second Annual Youth Congress on Food Security and
Health in Accra, Ghana.
The Mali Chapter informed the meeting about the status of the chapter’s registrationthat is taking longer than expected because of changes in administration offices
The Burkina Faso Chapter participated in the ATPS Biotechnology Dialogue in Dakar,
the ATPS Second Annual Youth Congress on Food Security and Health and is currently
disseminating the research finding on the study on underground water in
Ouagadougou.
The Uganda Chapter hosted the East African Regional Biotechnology Dialogue, and isalso conducting a study on Innovation Clusters funded by SIDA/SAREC. The
National Coordinator was part of the delegation that took a tour to Finland to visit
science parks. The team comprised of the private sector and policy makers. The
Dutch-funded small grants research on water and environment is progressing well.
The Swaziland Chapter held a workshop to re-launch the chapter and actively
participated in a UNESCO meeting
The Senegal Chapter sent a representative to the ATPS Second Annual Youth Congresson Food Security and Health and commemorated the Scientific Revival Day of Africa. The
chapter also hosted the Biotechnology Dialogue in March.
The Ghana Chapter was actively involved in the organization of the ATPS Second
Annual Youth Congress on Food Security and Health and the Scientific Revival Day ofAfrica. The National Coordinator was also involved as a resource person during the
ATPS Biotechnology Dialogue in Dakar. The chapter also held their annual general
meeting (AGM) to assess the impact of their activities. The Chapter also published atechnopolicy brief on nanotechnology that has been disseminated widely. The
process of appointing a new national coordinator is on-going. the,Discussions
The general discussions addressed the following issues:
The need for timely reporting, by national coordinators, on chapter activities

The importance of pro-activity among national coordinators in searching for
information from the ATPS Secretariat, including regular visits to the ATPS Website
for information

The need to train newly-appointed national coordinators in certain aspects of chapter
coordination

The importance of ATPS to publish research findings in international journals andagree on acknowledgement modes
The importance of accuracy while translating text from French to English. The
francophone national coordinators offered to help
34

ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP

Way forward
The following actions were agreed upon:
That the ATPS Secretariat organizes an away day for national coordinators to discuss
better linkages between the Secretariat and the national coordinators
That the national coordinators initiate an e-forum to open discussions andinformation-sharing among themselvesThat national coordinators, in future, will send the chapter reports to the Secretariat,
to allow comprehensive reporting to the boardThat the ATPS Secretariat will tap human and intellectual resources, among national
coordinators in some of their activities

The national coordinators will forward a one-page summary of their curriculum
vitae (CVs) for uploading in the ATPS Website to help in promoting ATPS and theirpersonal careers

Prof Zacharia Matsela, (centre) Senator, Lesotho Parliament and immediate former
National Coordinator, ATPS-Lesotho during the National Coordinators meeting,On his right is Dr Rubin Pillay, National Coordinator, ATPS-South Africa and on
his left Dr Spirit Tlali, the new National Coordinator, ATPS-Lesotho

35

Appendix 1: Conference and Workshop Programme
ATPS/MCTM CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOPSCIENCE, INNOVATION, TECHNOLOGY AND THE AFRICAN SOCIETY

Monday, 27 November 2006
Venue: Sala MabulaOpening Session
Chair: Prof Dr Sarifa Fagilde, Advisor to the Minister of Science and Technology
09:00 - 10:00

Welcome remarks from Eng. Lourino Chemane, National Coordinator, ATPS
Mozambique
Brief remarks from Dr Osita Ogbu, Executive Director, ATPS
Brief remarks from Prof Norah Olembo, Chair, ATPS Board
Opening Address: Prof Dr Eng. Venâncio Massingue, Honourable Minister for
Science and Technology, Mozambique

10:00 - 10:30

TEA/COFFEE BREAK and PHOTOSESSION

Session I
Chair: Dr Arsene Kouadio Konan National Coordinator, ATPS Cote d’Ivoire
10:30 - 11:00“Towards Regional Innovation Systems in Africa: Policies, Programmes andPractices” by John Mugabe, Executive Secretary, NEPAD S&T Commission

11:00 - 11:30“Systems of Innovation and Development: A framework” by Prof Banji
Oyeyinka, United Nations University/MERIT

11:30 - 12:00“Sectoral Systems of Innovation: An Application to the Health Sector” by Dr
Padmashree Gehl Sampath, United Nations University/MERIT

12:00 - 13:00

Open Discussion

13:00 - 14:30

LUNCH
Luncheon speaker: “Science and Technology Parks as Stimuli for Industrial
Development in Africa: Experiences from Finland” by Prof Joseph Obua,
University of Makerere and ATPS National Coordinator, Uganda Chapter

Session II:
Chair: Prof Zacharia Matsela, National Coordinator, ATPS Lesotho Chapter
14:30 - 15:00“New Pathways to Meeting the MDGs” by Prof Lynn Mytelka, former director
United Nations University/MERIT and ATPS Board Member

15:00 - 15:30

Open discussion

15:30 - 16:00

Tea/Coffee break

16:30 onwards

ATPS Marketplace/Exhibition and Networking

19:00 - 21:00
area

Cocktail Reception hosted by the Ministry of Science and Technology at the pool

ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP36

ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP

Tuesday, 28 November 2006
Session III:
08:30 - 11:00

Panel Discussion – Achieving the MDGs in sub-Saharan Africa through Science,
Technology and Innovation: What must change?
Sub-saharan Africa is lagging behind in all the MDGS and analysts are skepticalthat these goals will be achieved in Africa by 2015. Is it too late for Africa to turnthis situation around? What measures should Africa take in applying S,T&I toachieve the MDGs and what can organizations like ATPS do to facilitate thatprocess?
Moderator: Dr Osita Ogbu, Executive Director, ATPS
Panelists: Dr John Mugabe (NEPAD), Prof Lynn Mytelka (ATPS Board), Prof Banji
Oyeyinka (UNU/MERIT), Dr Roch Mongbo (Benin), Dr Sidiki Dembele (Mali),Prof Dr António Leão (Mozambique)Rapporteurs: Ms. Charlotte Wonani (Zambia) and Dr Papa Alioune Ndiaye(Senegal)

11:00 - 11:30

TEA/COFFEE BREAK

11:30 - 13:00

Case studies – Application of Innovation Systems in Africa
This session will deal with the concept of innovation systems, its relevance andapplicability to the African situations. Case studies will be presented from
Senegal, Malawi and Mozambique giving experiences in applying the National
Systems of Innovation in the African set up
Moderator: Prof Banji Oyeyinka

13:00 - 14:00

LUNCH

Session IV(Note: The water and environment session begins at the Sala Milando from this session onwards)
14:00 – 16:00
Working group sessions
Three sub-thematic working groups will be constituted and the working groupsessions will run concurrently. Each working group will have a convener(chairperson), a lead discussant and a rapporteur. The three working groups willaddress the following areas:
WG1: The role of linkages, partnerships and mechanisms to generate andpromote access to knowledge, innovations and technologies in meeting
the MDGs in SSA
WG2: Integrating knowledge systems towards an inclusive approach toachieving the MDGs
WG3: Coping with technical change: harnessing traditional and emerging
technologies for Africa’s needs
16:00 - 16:30
16:30 – 17:30

Tea/Coffee break
Working group sessions continued

37

ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP

29 November 2006
Session V
Chair: Dr George Essegbey, National Coordinator, ATPS Ghana Chapter
08:30 - 10:00

Reports from working groups

10:00 - 10:30

TEA/COFFEE BREAK

10:30 - 13:00

Methodological issues on applying the NSI framework
The ATPS Board meeting will be held concurrently next to the Secretariat on
the 1st floor of the hotel

13:00 - 14:00

LUNCH BREAK

Session VI
Chair: Prof Norah Olembo, Chair, ATPS Board
14:00 - 15:15

ATPS Annual General Meeting

15:15 – 15:45

Closing ceremony

15:45 –

Field trip to the Pequenos Libombus dam and city tour

19:00 onwards A closing dinner will be held at the Docks restaurant. Pick up will be from thehotel lobby at 7pm sharp.

30 November 2006
Venue: Sala Milando
Chair: Dr Osita Ogbu, Executive Director, ATPS
09:00 - 11:00

National Coordinator’s meeting

38

ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOPAppendix 2: List of Participants
BENIN
1.
Dr Roch L. MONGBO
Senior Lecturer & Researcher
University if Abomey - Calavi
02 BP 778 Cotonou, Benin
Tel: +229-21304139/95966446
Email: rochl_mongbo@yahoo.fr
Website: www.cebedes.org
2.
Dr Anne FLOQUET
Department Leader, CEBEDES
02 BP 331 Cotonou, Benin
Tel: +22995 05 68 85
Email: uniho@intnet.bj / anne_floquet@yahoo.fr
3.
Prof Amabaliou SANNI
Directeur de Laboretoire
University of Abomey-Calavi,
04 BP 0320
Cotonou, Benin
Tel & Fax: +229 21 30 10 24
Mobile: (229) 97 57 81 95
Email: sanni@intnet.bj

BURKINA FASO
4.
Dr Benoit KABORE
Coordonnateur National ATPS
Directeur General
Agence Nationale Pour l’Emploi (ANPE)
01 BP 521 Ouagadougou 01
Burkina Faso
Tel: + 226-78812008/+266 5030097
Fax: +226 50300097
Email: benkabor2003@yahoo.fr
5.
KERE Adolphe V. David
Secretaire General
Centre National de la Recherch Scientifique etTechnologique (CNRST)
03 BP 7043 Ouagadougou 03
Burkina Faso
Tel: +226 50326152
Fax: +226 50315003
Email: keredav@caramail.com
Website: www.dgcnrst@fasonet.bf
6.
TRAORE Danouma MalickConseiller TechniqueCabinet du Ministre Delegue alÉnseignement
Technique et Professionnel – MinisteredesEnseign, Second, Sup et Rech, Scientifique(MESSRS)
01 BP 2583 Ouagadougou 01
Tel: +226 50303936/70268767
Fax: +226 50302898
Email: malick.traore@messrs.gov.bf

CAMEROON
7.
Dr Sylvester Ndeso ATANGAHead of Nursing Science Department
Faculty of Health Sciences
University of Buea
P.O. Box 63 Buea, South West Province,
Cameroon
Tel: + 237-5816047
Cell: +237-3322272
Email: lawrenkum@yahoo.co.uk
Website: www.hia2006@yahoo.co.uk
8.
IROUME Roger Noel
Charge’ d’Ekude
Ministere de la Recherche et de l’Innovation
Charge’des Cours de Genekiqye, dámeliorakion desPlankesetd’Experimentation,
DepartmentdÁgriculture,
Univ. de Dschang BP 222
Cameroon
Tel : +237 222 1334/222 5202
Cell : +237 733 5433
Email : iroumeroger759@hotmail.com
9.
MIAFFO Madiesse Justine
Chargee dÉtudes
Ministere de la Recherche Scientifique et deLÍnnovation
BP 1457
Yaounde, Cameroon
Tel: 237 9937539
Fax: 237 2222478
Email: afisa@hotmail.com

COTE D’IVOIRE
10.
Dr Arsène Kouadio KONAN
Deputy director/Directeur Adjoint
CIRES
08 BP 1295 Abidjan 08,
Côte d’Ivoire
Tel: +22522002254
Fax: +22522440829
Email: arsenekk@yahoo.fr
11.
Mr Gbongué MAMADOU
Chercheur AssocieEconomist/Research AssociateCentre Ivoirien de Recherches Economiqueset Sociales (CIRES)
08 BP 1295 Abidjan 08
Côte d’Ivoire
Tel : +225 5030413
Email: ma.gbon@yahoo.fr
12.
Mr Akossi BENDJO
President BENIANH International
Tel: +225 08086969
Email: bendjo51@yahoo.com

39

ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP

13. Dr Coulibaly LACINA
Vice Doyen
UFR-Sciences et Gestion de l’Environment
Unviersité d’Abobo-Adjoné
02 BP 801, Abidjan 02
Côte d’Ivoire
Tel : +225 07497153
Email : coulacina2003@yahoo.fr

ETHIOPIA
14.
Dr Markos TIBBO
Research Officer
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)
Animal genetic Resources
P.O. Box 5689Addis Ababa
Ethiopia
Tel: +251 11 6463215
Fax: +251 11 6464645
Email: m.tibbo@cgiar.org
Website: www.ilri.cgiar.org

FRANCE
15.
Prof Lynn K. MYTELKA
Snr. Researcher Fellow, UNU-INTECH,
Visiting Research Professor, Open University, UK
35, Rue LHomond, 75005
Paris, France
Tel/Fax: +331-47073790
Email : lmytelka@cs.com
GHANA
16.
Dr George Owusu ESSEGBEY
Acting Director, STEPRI-CSIR
P.O. Box CT 519
Accra, Ghana
Tel: +233 21 779401
Fax: +233 21 773068
Email: george_essegbey@yahoo.co.uk
Website: www.csir.org

P.O. Box 30197
Nairobi, Kenya
Tel: 254 733854575
Email: noraholembo@yahoo.com
20.
Francis POLONG
Research Scientist
Kenya Industrial ResearchInstitute (KIRDI)
P.O. Box 30650 – 00100
Nairobi, Kenya
Tel: 254 20 603842
Email: fl_pol@yahoo.com
Website: www.kirdi.go.ke

andDevelopment

21.
Magayu MAGAYU
Lecturer, School of Journalism
University of Nairobi
P.O. Box 30197 – 00100
Nairobi, Kenya
Tel: 254 723013471
Email: magayu@uonbi.ac.ke
22.
Duncan E. Omondi GUMBA
Interpreter
P.O. Box 50453 – 00200
Nairobi, Kenya
Tel: 254 20 271381454
Email:deogumba@hotmail.com
deogumba@yahoo.com/

23.
Kasereka Makelele ALAIN
Interpreter/Translator
CEDRES Africa
Mvuli Lane, Flat M8
Muthaiga , Nairobi
Tel: 254 722337076
Email: alainmpetsy@yahoo.com

LESOTHO17.
Dr RoseEmma M. ENTSUAMENSAH
Senior Research Scientist
Water Research Institute, CSIR
P.O. 38 Achimota, Ghana
Tel: +233 244670410
Fax: +233 21777170
Email: mamaae@yahoo.com

24.
Prof Zacharia Aunyane MATSELA
Consultant, Education Management and Sesotho
AcademyP.O Box 35, Roma 180, Lesotho
Tel: +266-22-340258
Fax: +266-22-340000
Email: zamatsela@ilesotho.ls

18.
Mr Francis Kweku AMALGOH
Lecturer, Faculty of Applied Sciences
Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry
University for Development Studies
P.O. Box 24 Navrongo, Upper East Region, Ghana
Tel: +233 20 8249031/233 246456776
Email: francisamagloh@gmail.com
kwekumaga@yahoo.com

25.
Ms Deepa PULLANIKKATIL
Lecturer, Civil Engineering
Lerotholi Polytechnic
P.O Box 1519
Maseru 100, Lesotho
Tel: +266-22313376, +266 63072665
Fax: +266 22310265
Email: d_pullani@yahoo.com

KENYA
19.
Prof Norah OLEMBO (Chair)
University of Nairobi
Department of Biochemistry

26.
Mr Tsepo NTHO
Senior Research Officer
Department of Science and Technology
P.O. Box 14531
Maseru, Lesotho

40

ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP

Tel: +266-58772662
Email: nthot4@yahoo.com
27.
Spirit. THALI
Deputy Dean
National University of Lesotho
P. O. Roma 180
Lesotho, Southern Africa
Tel: +266 22213495
Fax: +266 22340000
Email: sb.tlali@nul.ls
Website: www.nul.ls

MALAWI28.
Mr Henry Mloza BANDA
Associate Professor of Academy
P. O. Box 219
Lilongwe, Malawi
Tel: 265-1-277-443
Fax: 265-1-277-364
Email: hrmlozabanda@sndp.org.mw
29.
Andrews SAFALOAHAssociate Professor
University of Malawi, Bunda College of Agriculture
P.O. Box 219
Lilongwe, Malawi
Tel: +256 1 277222
Fax: +265 1 277364
Website: www.bunda.unima.mw
30.
Vitumbiko Melody NKHOMATechnician in Small Ruminants
Bunda College of Agriculture
P.O. Box 219
Lilongwe, Malawi
Tel: +265 9604438
Cell: 256 9604438
Email: vitumbikonkhoma@yahoo.com

MALI
31.
Dr Sidiki Gabriel DEMBELE
Institut Polytechnique Rural
IPR/IFRA Katibougou
BP. 06
Koulikoro, Mali
Tel: +223 226 2559
Fax: +223 2262504
Email: sidikigabriel@hotmail.com
32.
Dr Dembele FILIFING
Institut Polytechnique Rural
IPR/IFRA Katibougou
BP. 06, Koulikoro, Mali
Tel:+223 2262740/6456682
Email: filifingdem@yahoo.fr
33.
Mrs Assetou KANOUTE
CA/ADAF/Galle
P. O. Box 3267 rue Gamal Abolele Masser
Porte 211 Badalabougou, Bamako
Tel: (223) 222 00 33

Cell: (223) 641 05 07
Email: adafgalle@afribone.net.ml/
kalilouka@yahoo.fr.

MOZAMBIQUE
34.
Eng Lourino ALBERTOCHEMANE
ICT Chief Technical Adviser
ICT Policy Implementation Technical Unit
Bairro da Coop, Rua P. Dr Antoniod’Almeida No. 61 R/C D
Maputo, MozambiqueTel: +258-21-309398
Fax: +258-21-302289
Email: chemane@infopol.gov.mz
35.
Dr Calisto DIAS
Director Geral
Instituto de Investigacao
Agronomica deMocambique (IIAM)
36.
Dr Manuel de CARVALHO
MfumaneDirector Geral, Instituto Nacional de Saude (INS)37.
Dr Ariel NHACOLO
Coordenador
Centro de Investigacao de Saude da Manhica(CISM)
38.
Dr Domingos GOVE
Director Geral
Instituto de Investigacao Pesqueira (IIP)
39.
Eng Select MUNDLOVO
Director Geral
Instituto Nacional de Hidrografia e Navegacao(INAHINA)
40.
Eng Filipe LUCIO
National director
Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INAM)
Rua De Mukumbura 164
Maputo, MozambiqueTel: +258 21493193
Fax: +258 21491150
Email: flucio@inam.gov.mz
41.
Eng Manuel da CONCEICAO
Director Geral
Laboratorio de Engenharia de Mocambique
(LEM)
42.
Eng Antonio Manuel Goncal FERRAO
Centro Nacional de Cartografia eTeledeteccao (CENACARTA)
43.
Abel Fernades de ASSIS
Instrutor Tecnico Pedagogico
Instituto Nacional de
Desenvolvimento da
Educacao (INDE)

41

ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP44.
Dr Fernado DAVA
Direcor Geral
Instituto de Investigacao
Socio-cultural (ARPAC)
45.
Prof Dra. Ana Maria MONDJANA
Directora Cientifica
Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (UEM)
46. Prof De. Jose Castiano
Director Cientifico
Univesidade Pedagogica (UP)47.
Dr Salomao MANHICA
Director
Unidade Tecnica de Implementacao daPolitica deInformatica (UTICT)
48.
Dra Zauria SAIFODINE
Assessora de Formacao eCertificacao
Unidade Tecnica de Implementacao da Politica deInformatica (UTICT)
49.
Eng Augusto NUNES
Assessor de Infraestrutura
Unidade Tecnica de Implementacao da Politica deInformatica (UTICT)
50.
Dra Filomena ZIMBASecretaria Permanente
Ministerio da ciencia e Tecnologia
51.
Prof Dr Eng. Louis PELEMBE
Director de Cooperacao
Faculdade de Engenharias
52.
Prof Dr Eng. Daniel FUMO
Director de Inovacao
Faculdade de Engenharias da UEM
53.
Prof Dr Eng. Gabriel AMOS
Director
Faculdade de Engenharia
54.
Jussi HINKKANEN
Adviser to the Minister
Ministry of Science and Technology
Av. Julius Nyerere 954
Maputo, Mozambique
55.
Eng Felisberto Joaquim LANGA(Assisttente Universitario)
UEM – Direccao Cientifica
Praca 25 de Junho 50 Andar
Maputo, MozambiqueTel: 823237780
Fax: 21304405
Email: flanga@rei.uem.mz
56.
Dr Henrique Sasco FILIMONE
Head of Chemical Department
LEM – MOPH

Laboratorio De En Genhoria
Email: labenge@tdm.co.za
57.
Dr Juvencio CHIPANGA
National Institute for Educational Development
C.P 4653
Maputo, Mozambique
Email: juvencio@inde.gov.mz
58.
Dra Marta Celste FRANCISCO
Veteniraria
Instituto de Investigaco A

NETHERLANDS
59.
Prof Banji OYELERAN OYEYINKA
Professor/Senior Researcher
United Nations University/MERIT
Keizer Karelplein 19
Maastrict, The Netherlands
Tel: +31 43 350 6342
Fax: +31 43 350 6399
Email: oyeyinka@merit.unu.edu
60.
Padmashree Gehl SAMPATH
United Nations University/MERIT
Keizer Karelplein 19
Maastrict, The Netherlands
Tel: +31 43 350 6332
Fax: +31 43 350 6399
Email : sampath@merit.unu.edu

NIGERIA61.
Dr Raymond N. IHENACHO
Director, Research Co-ordinations Dept
Raw Materials Research and Development Council(RMRDC)
Plot 427 Aguiyi-Ironsi Street
Maitama District, PMB 232 Garki
Abuja FCT, Nigeria
Tel: +234 9 4137423
Fax: +234 9 4136034
Email: raynekk@yahoo.com
Website: www.rmrdc.gov.nig

SENEGAL
62.
Dr Papa Alioune NDIAYE
Associate Professor
University of Dakar (E.S.P.)
P.O. Box
Dakar 5085FANN
SenegalTel: +221-8645418/8345888/6345888
Fax: +221-8642143
Email: pndiaye@ucad.sn
63.
Bintou Catherine Gassama BARRY
Consullere Technique CT2
Ministere de la Recherché Scientifique
Building Administratif aile diote 5e Stage,
Dakar, Senegal
Tel: +221 8497552/8497139
Fax: +221 8224563

42

ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOPEmail: cathygassama2000@yahoo.fr
Website: www.recherche.gov.sn
64.
Dr Eng Cheikh Oumar ANNE
Directeur General
AgenceSenegalaise
pourl’Innovation
Technologique (ASIT), Ministere de l’Índustre
72, Bd de la Republique
BP 14275
Dakar, Senegal
Tel: +221 8491381/6449774
Fax: +221 8423850
Email: asit@orange.sn

SOUTH AFRICA
65.
Dr Rubin PILLAY
Senior Lecturer
Department of Management, University of Western
Cape, Bellville,
Capetown, South Africa
Tel: +21-959-3214
Fax: +21-391-3026
Email: rpillay@uwc.ac.za

SWAZILAND
66.
Dr Musa M.A. DUBE
Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Agriculture
University of Swaziland (UNISWA)
P.O. Luyengo, Swaziland
Telefax: +268-527 4021
Email: madube@agric.uniswa.sz
67.
Ms Zanele C. MHLONGO
Senior Lecturer
Institute of Development Management
P.O. Box 3166
Manzini, Swaziland
Tel: +268 4220731/2
Fax: +268 4220733
Email: zanelemhongo@yahoo.com
Website: www.idmbls.com

TANZANIA
68.
Dr Adalgot A. KOMBA
Senior Lecturer
Institute of Development Studies
University of Dar es Salaam
P.O Box 35169
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Tel: 0713 414586
Email: akomba@udsm.ac.tz
69.
Mr Joseph KIHEDU
Postgraduate Student
Department of Energy Engineering
Faculty of Mechanical & Chemical Engineering
University of Dar es Salaam
P. O. Box 35151
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Cell : +255 744 835648
Fax : +255 2410029
Email : jkihedu@yahoo.com

70.
Dr Flower Ezekiel MSUYA
Chief Scientist
Institute of Marine Sciences (IMS)
University of Dar es Salaam
P.O. Box 668
Zanzibar, Tanzania
Tel: +255 24 2230741/+255 777490807
Fax: +255 24 2233050
Email: msuya@ims.udsm.ac.tz
Website: www.flowerem1.tripod.com
71.
Prof Samuel WANGWE
Chairman, Daima Associates Limited
Daima House, makumbusho Street Kijitonyama
P.O. Box 75027
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Tel: +255 22277 1954
Fax: +255 22277 1949
Email: swangwe@daima.co.tz

UGANDA
72.
Prof Joseph OBUA
Faculty of Forestry & Nature Conservation
Makerere University
P.O. Box 7062
Kampala, Uganda
Tel : +256 41543647
Fax : +256 41533574
Email : obua@forest.mak.ac.ug
Website : www.mak.ac.ug
73.
Mr James KAKOOZA
Research Associate
Makerere Institute for Social Research
P.O. Box 937
Kampala, Uganda
Tel: +256-782-528722
Fax: +256-41-530412
Email:kakooza@math.mak.ac.ug/
jakakooza@yahoo.com;
jkakooza@akesu.org
74.
Ms Grace AMPAIRE
Policy, Research and Training
Logel Project, c/o Physics Department
Makerere University
Kampala, Uganda
Tel: +256 782413607
Email: graceampaire@yahoo.co.uk

UNITED KINGDOM
75.
Dr Kevin URAMA
Researcher, Macaulay Institute
Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen
AB15 8QH Scotland, UK
Tel: +44 1224 498200
Email: k.urama@macaulay.ac.uk
ZAMBIA
76.
Prof Oliver SAASAManaging Consultant
Premier Consult

43

ATPS 2006 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP

P.O. Box 38163
Lusaka, Zambia
Tel: +260-1-290056
Fax: +260-1-290581
Email: oliver-saasa@premier-consult.com
77.
Ms Charlotte WONANI
National Coordinator, ATPS
Lecturer, Development Studies Department
University of Zambia
P.O. Box 32379 Lusaka, Zambia
Tel: + 260 967526/9744975
Fax: + 260 254297
Email: cmwonani@yahoo.com
78.
Ms Tamala T. KAMBIKAMBI
Lecturer, Crop Science Department
School of Agricultural Sciences
University of Zambia
P.O. Box 32379
Lusaka, Zambia
Tel/Fax: +260 1 295655
Cell: +260 96437532
Email: kambikambi01@yahoo.com
Website: www.unza.zm
79.
Mr Lloyd S. THOLEManager – Technical Department
National Science and Technology Council
P.O. Box 51309
Lusaka, Zambia
Tel: +260 1 257196
Cell: +260 95845834
Fax: +260 1 257194
Email: lloyd@zamtel.zm
Website: www.nstc.org.zm

SECRETARIAT
African Technology Policy Studies Network(ATPS)
3rd Floor, The Chancery, Valley Road
P.O. Box 10081-00100
Nairobi, Kenya
Tel: +254-20-271 4098/168/498
Fax: +254-20-271 4028
Email: info@atpsnet.org
Website: www.atpsnet.org
82.
Ms Sheila MAINA
Research and Training Manager
Email: smaina@atpsnet.org
83.
Ms Lily ADUKE
Communications and Outreach Manager
Email: laduke@atpsnet.org
84.
Mr Maurice BOLO
Research Officer
Email: mbolo@atpsnet.org
85.
Mr Kennedy AUKA
Finance and Adminstration Manager
Email: kauka@atpsnet.org
86.
Ms Neema Nzimbi
Admin Assistant
Email: nnzimbi@atpsnet.org

ZIMBABWE80.
Mr Benson ZWIZWAI
Deputy Director
Institute of Development Studies
University of Zimbabwe
Box M.P. 167, Mt. PleasantHarare, Zimbabwe
Tel: +263 4 333341
Fax: +263 4 333345
Email: bmzwizwai@science.uz.ac.zw
81.
Mrs Susan MUZITEExecutive Director
Research Council of Zimbabwe (RCZ)
P.O. Box CY 294 Causeway
Harare, Zimbabwe
Tel: +263 4 369407/8
Fax: +263 4 338259
Email: secretary@rcz.az.zw

44