Developments in the fuel cellindustry and value chain
David Hart
8th FC International Meeting by FCDIC and FCS
25 February 2020

Strategy | Energy | Sustainability

Content• E4tech• The global fuel cell market• The fuel cell value chain• What could 2020 bring?

2E4tech

Strategy | Energy | Sustainability

E4tech perspective: Strategy | Energy | Sustainability• International consulting firm, offices in UK and Switzerland• Focus on sustainable energy, transport and systems• 22 years old this year, always independent• Deep expertise in technology, business and strategy, marketassessment, techno-economic modelling, policy support…
• A spectrum of clients from start-ups to global corporations

E4tech’s annual Fuel Cell Industry Review

www.FuelCellIndustryReview.com

4

The global Fuel Cell market

Strategy | Energy | Sustainability

E4tech has published an annual Industry Review since2014, showing trends from original data
• The FCIR is free. It is intended to inform the industry
about itself as well as others about the industry• We have strong relationships in and around the industry• We have been fuel cell sector specialists for 20+ years• All fuel cell technologies, sectors and regions• We contact many more than one hundred companies
directly; our database also includes the supply chain• Shipment data are aggregated and anonymised

www.FuelCellIndustryReview.com• Our insights inform our consulting – but we never release the raw numbers• The industry is maturing. Tracking it takes more time. Policies on data sharing
evolve as companies mature or ownership changes• The numbers remain dominated by a small number of companies
6

Progress has been steady in MW shipped, and isaccelerating. Emphasis has shifted for unit shipments• Portable fuel cell shipments have dropped as small batteries have got better• Stationary unit numbers remain dominated by Ene-farm• Transport has become by far the largest contributor to MW shipments
7

Asia, always strong, is increasing its lead over N America.
Europe lags in deploymentCars, mainly
Mirai then NEXO
MainlyEne-farm• Japan dominates unit shipments through Ene-Farm• Asia has only just overtaken N America on annual MW deployedImpact of- federal tax credit hiatus- difficult period for FCEnergy• Europe has never yet supported large-scale roll-out
8The split by fuel cell type remains mixed. PEM and SOFC
are establishing themselves, but others will remain

Bloom, andincreasinglyEne-farm• PEM dominates – this is likely to continue• Doosan and Korean policy are almost totally behind PAFC’s strength• More SOFC units are being sold in Japan for Ene-farm• Other chemistries remain niche9

Massive changes in hydrogen policy (partially) affect fuelcells and definitely affect businesses• Japan’s commitment
is large, acrossgovernment andindustry- Industrial
policy- Energy exports• Korea has followed ascaled-up version ofJapan’s path

- Industrial
policy?

• China has moved
from solar and wind,
through batteries, tofuel cells andhydrogen support• Europe has lessdeployment but
strong supply chain
players- Air quality- GhG reduction- Industrial
policy- Energy exports- Low C heat
- Air quality?
- Industrial policy?
- Air quality- GhG reduction- Energy imports- Industrial
policy- GhG reduction- Renewables use- Industrial policy- Industrial
policy- Industrialpolicy- GhG reduction- Energy imports- Energy security- GhG reduction?
- Air quality- Industrial policy- Industrial policy- GhG reduction- Energy exports

10

The industry is becoming noticeably more dynamic, withsome major companies investing in options• Cummins bought most of Hydrogenics and invested in Loop… and have anMoU with Hyundai, who have put money into Rimac• Toyota is supplying to Higer, FAW, Beiqi Foton, SinoHytec
and CaetanoBus (with Re-Fire as an integrator)• Sinopec invested in Shanghai Re-Fire• Michelin has a JV with Faurecia – Symbio to make stacks• Iveco (Case New Holland) has invested in Nikola and will also support scale-up• Miura unveiled a commercial FC CHP using Ceres technology• Doosan (also working with Ceres) split off its
fuel cell business – into several units• And even venture capital is back – AP Ventures announced
investments from Mitsubishi Corporation and Plastic Omnium

Sources: Toyota, Miura11

The Fuel Cell value chain

Strategy | Energy | Sustainability

E4tech led analysis of FCH value chains in Europe
E4tech led a study for the FCHJU to examine the value of HFC technologies
13 applications
Supply chain maps

8 down-selected applications

Global and EU
deploymentscenarios
Industry scenarios

Value analysis

Socio-economicimpacts

Criticalcomponents

Cost projections

NB: Analysis only covers FCHspecific elements of applications

Socio-economic value analysis draws on multiple inputs. The FULL study is available from the FCHJU website:
https://www.fch.europa.eu/page/FCH-value-chain
13

Supply chain diagrams show European actors. A map ofactors shows their geographic distributionComponent level actors by chemistry
Vehicle integration

Fuel cell integration

Vehicle integration

PEMFC system

System level actors by application
Vehicle integration
Vehicle integration(up to 3.5t)
••
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

BMW
Daimler
DucatiGreenGT
MicroCab
NuCellSys
PSA/OpelRenault TechRiversimple
StreetScooter
VW/Audi

•
•
•
•
••
•
•
•
•
•

•

Fuel cell integration

Subsystem

PEMFC system

PEMFC stack

Ajusa
ElringKlinger
Faurecia
HymoveIntelligent Energy
NuCellSys(Daimler)
PowerCell
ProtonMotor
Schunk Group
Serenergy/FES(methanol rangeextenders)
Swiss Hydrogen/
Plastic Omnium
SymbioSub-component
Membrane electrodeassemblies

Specialised materials
Membrane

Membrane support

Power electronics /inverters

Seal

Hydrogen tank

Compression
hardware/ endplates

Supported catalyst

Ajusa
ElringKlinger
Michelin
Nedstack
PowerCell
ProtonMotor
Schunk Group
Swiss Hydrogen/
Plastic Omnium

Hydrogen tank••••••

Membrane electrodeassemblies
••
•
•

EWII
Greenerity
Heraeus
Johnson Matthey
Fuel Cells
Seal
Compression
hardware/ endplates

Specialised materials
Membrane••

Ionomer

Fumatech
SolvayMembrane support
Supported catalyst••

Gas diffusion layer••Freudenberg
SGL Group•

CeimigJohnson Matthey
Fuel Cells
UmicoreCarbon fibre

Bipolar plates
Coated plate materials

Hexagon / Xperion
Rehau
Magna
Mahytec
Raigi
Plastic Omnium

Thermostat
Gas diffusion layer

System controls

Bipolar plates
Thermal & fluid
management

Ionomer

Sub-component

Subsystem
PEMFC stack•
••••
•••

Carbon fibre
Coated plate materials

Thermostat

Power electronics /inverters

Liquid pumps
System controls
Thermal & fluid
management

Heat Exchangers
Liquid pumps

Heat Exchangers

BoP sub-components

Air handling /recirculation
Air flow meter
Filters

Air handling /recirculation

ValvesAir flow meter

H2 flow meter

BoP sub-components

H2 sensor

Filters

Legend:Selected critical component
Critical component
Non-critical component

Humidifier

Valves
H2 flow meterH2 sensor
Humidifier

Legend:Selected critical component
Critical component
Non-critical component

14

MillionsGlobal system production
value for the selected
applications by industry
scenario (2024 and 2030)

Global system production value

Different industry scenarios investigate and broadly
characterise measures and impacts€ 45,000€ 40,000€ 35,000€ 30,000€ 25,000€ 20,000€ 15,000€ 10,000€ 5,000€02024 2024 2024 2030 2030 2030 Scenario A Scenario B Scenario C Scenario A Scenario B Scenario CFCEVFCEB

HGVs

TrainsComm-CHPmCHP

Electrolysers

European value added
for the selectedapplications byindustry scenario(2024 and 2030)

HRS

Production value is only for selected parts of the chain; value added is only the difference between inputs and outputs

15

What could 2020 bring?

Strategy | Energy | Sustainability

2020 should see more deployment, lower costs, and thestart of a virtuous cycle• FC car deployments should continue to increase• The supply chain will improve, costs reduce, investors engage• Heavy duty will remain a hot topic:• FC buses will continue to prove the technology to the public• The first mid-scale ferries should go in the water• More rail and truck products will emerge• Tokyo’s Olympic showcase will keep up the HFC profile• Stationary will grow slowly:• Existing markets will continue• Commercial-scale CHP could start to get traction• More entrepreneurs will find opportunities using FC• China remains uncertain• But we can envisage 2GW+ deployed, if all goes wellSource: creative commons17

If you have questions, or wish to discuss any aspects offuel cells or hydrogen, please get in touchThank you!
david.hart@e4tech.com

www.e4tech.com

E4tech (UK) Ltd

E4tech Sàrl

83, Victoria StreetLondon SW1H 0HW
United Kingdom

Av. Juste-Olivier 21006 Lausanne
Switzerland+44 (0)20 3008 6140

+41 (0)21 331 15 70
E4tech’s annual Fuel Cell Industry Review

www.FuelCellIndustryReview.com

18