Axion理論

北嶋直弥

ダークマターの懇談会 in 早稲田大学

2019/7/5-6

なぜアクシオンを考えるのか？

どうやってアクシオンを捕まえるか？

アクシオンは面白いか？

なぜアクシオン？ ̶ 素粒子理論からの要請
理論

素粒子標準模型•強い相互作用 (QCD)

LQCD =

2gs

1 a µ⌫a
a
µ⌫a
Gµ⌫ G
+
✓Gµ⌫ G̃2
432⇡

中性子の電気双極子モーメント dn ' 4.5 ⇥ 10実験

実験による制限値 : |dn | < 2.9 ⇥ 10|✓| < 0.7 ⇥ 10 11

26

15

✓e cm

e cm

劇的なチューニング

Strong CP problem : 偶然？ or 背後に新物理？

解決法 : Peccei-Quinn機構
Peccei, Quinn (1977)

LQCD =

1 a µ⌫a
gs2
a
µ⌫a
Gµ⌫ G
+
✓G
G̃
µ⌫
4
32⇡ 2
定数
ダイナミカルな場：<latexit sha1_base64="YDm99Hi9aLw8vpdjdJRX4echTrE=">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</latexit>

場のダイナミクスによってθがゼロに行く
θは（擬）南部ゴールドストーンボソン「アクシオン」
̶> ダークマターを説明（副産物的ダークマター）

ストリングアクシオン (ALP)

高次元の理論（超弦理論など）

４次元時空+

数百ものアクシオンが予言されるString axion

どうやってアクシオンを捕まえるか？
アクシオンとフォトン（or 電子•核子）との相互作用La1= ga aFµ⌫ F̃ µ⌫4=<latexit sha1_base64="+i8iFo34tgNJlFD+tEeFTwD9R1M=">AAADZ3ichVFLb9NAEB7HPNrwSCgSqgQHQ5SIS6N1VYkKqVJVRMWBQx+kLcoGa73ZBCt+yV4bBct/gBPiwoETSBwQP4MD/AEOvXGtemwFFw6MN0YVhMdY3p2Zne/bb2fs0HViSci+VtFPnT5zdma2eu78hYu1+qW5nThIIi46PHCDaM9msXAdX3SkI12xF0aCebYrdu3RneJ8NxVR7AT+AzkORc9jQ98ZOJxJTFn15xnlzDXu51bG6JB5XrnmRmvFoIOI8czMs6XcGE4VMGPdyqiXUD/JDSodty+y9fzRSYp2Fz2vV20ZK8bCn+A0FTy7i4W8H8hJtJZb9QZpE2XGtGOWTgNK2wjqX4BCHwLgkIAHAnyQ6LvAIMavCyYQCDHXgwxzEXqOOheQQxWxCVYJrGCYHeE6xKhbZn2MC85YoTne4uIfIdKAJvlM3pEj8om8Jwfk+1+5MsVRaBnjbk+wIrRqz+a3v/0X5eEu4fEJ6p+aJQxgWWl1UHuoMsUr+ASfPn15tH17q5m1yBtyiPpfk33yAV/gp8f87abYeoXsTeSPFErAE/VmT6nwscsU+QtdDvZhjLFQcYKRxDtD1JmWvfmounOI3D+79ALuYb2LFaKcASOjh7ODYxy5+fuAp52dxbZJ2ubmUmN1rRz+DFyFG3ATJ3wLVpF9AzrI+lW7pjW1VuVAr+lX9PlJaUUrMZfhF9Ov/wDMctuy</latexit>~ ·B~
g a aE

credit: ICEPP

Axion haloscope

http://depts.washington.edu/admx/

Axion helioscope実験による制限

Credit : Particle data groupアクシオンは面白い？

Hiramatsu, Kawasaki, Saikawa, Sekiguchi 1202.5851

Planck collaboration

アクシオンは面白い？

μeV

meV

axion

keV
ν

GeV

TeV

WIMP

Msun
PBH

非常に軽い
低エネルギー物理の範疇？
物性物理•物質科学との融合の可能性（超伝導、トポロジカル物質、etc.）

質量今回話す内容（初期）宇宙におけるアクシオンと電磁気現象

キーワード：ダークフォトン、重力波、中性子星

アクシオンとフォトンの相互作用La<latexit sha1_base64="a7pidrJ4UwW5UhYT2l3+m0coZmM=">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</latexit>

1
= ga
4

Fµ⌫ F̃

µ⌫

=

ga

~ ·B
~
E

1. Tachyonic photon production
2. Magnetic axion-photon conversion
3. Axion decay into photons

credit: ICEPP

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1 µ
L = @ @µ2

V( )1Fµ⌫ F µ⌫4

1 2
m 0 Aµ Aµ24fa

Fµ⌫ F̃ µ⌫(dark) photon mass

発展方程式

<latexit sha1_base64="zYuCObumCUcrm1vNWqhN/pZQ5C0=">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</latexit>

with（ローレンツゲージ）<latexit sha1_base64="fx2adkiFVr/RxPrirZ6DpFZd3mk=">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</latexit>

一般に非線形となり解くのは困難格子シミュレーション
NK, Sekiguchi, Takahashi 1711.06590,
Agrawal, NK, Reece, Sekiguchi, Takahashi, 1810.07188,
see also Adshead+ 1502.06506

時間•空間を離散化＆ アクシオンとゲージ場を各格子点に配置(t, x, y, z) =

✓

iL
jL
kL
t0 + n t,,,
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sha1_base64="Zsv3JF12Fvkoql4yQ8rNlWTMT2w=">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</latexit>

grid number : 1283 or 2563, L (Box size) ~ H-1<latexit sha1_base64="grULjNXwfvfmP4Ynfpd4ay5K7Ls=">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</latexit>@(i + 1, j, k)(i(i, j, k) !
@x2h1, j, k)

QCDアクシオン or ALP によるダークフォトン生成
NK, Sekiguchi, Takahashi 1711.06590,
Agrawal, NK, Reece, Sekiguchi, Takahashi, 1810.07188

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1
= ga
4

Fµ⌫ F̃

µ⌫

=

ga

~ ·B
~
E

1. Tachyonic photon production
2. Magnetic axion-photon conversion
3. Axion decay into photons

credit: ICEPPDark photon hunting field

10-15

DD

10-17

Molecules

-19

10

)

Dish Antenna

Superradiance

(ab
s

10-13

io
rad

ϵ

DM

10-11

orp
tio
n

10-9

LAMPOST

10-7

DM frominflation (r=0.002)

DM frominflation (r=0.07)

既存の生成モデル

10-20

10-15

10-10

10-5

m [eV]

mixing between photon and dark photon

1

105

フロンティアゲージ場の円偏光モードの線形発展方程式<latexit sha1_base64="8kS3VN2s5VIb1WvqXhbHoIa5/RA=">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</latexit>tachyonic
アクシオンの振動がtachyonicなダークV( )<latexit sha1_base64="k6VYGX5IvmuIly7Tz1AV0ywKZpI=">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</latexit>

フォトン生成を引き起こすγ’<latexit sha1_base64="WFuiiBHoEQit7c/cWGGeRPFT5GQ=">AAAC+XichVLLahRBFD3p+MhDzRg3gpvgMOIq3AmCkoUEsnGZ1+RBJoTutiZTTL/orpkwGfIDLly4ieAqgqBx6Se4MD+QRT5BsgkkkI0LT9e0iAZjNd117617zj11+3pJoDMjcjzgDF67fuPm0PDI6K3bd8ZKd8eXs7id+qrmx0GcrnpupgIdqZrRJlCrSarc0AvUiteazc9XOirNdBwtmW6iNkJ3K9IN7bsmD9WTpt4slWVS7Jq4bFQLo4xizcWlU9TxEjF8tBFCIYKhHcBFxmcdVQgSxjbQYyylpe25wi5GiG0zSzHDZbTF7xa99SIa0c85M4v2WSXgmxI5gYocySc5k0P5LN/lxz+5epYj19Ll7vWxKtkce3V/8eK/qJC7QfM36krNBg08s1o1tSc2kt/C7+M7O3tni9MLld4jeS8n1L8vx/KVN4g65/6HebXwjuwV8qcWpbBt7xxaFRG7XCd/rkuzD136yvpteoY1E+rsFL35ZrtzQu5fXXqDF8wPmKGKf+BKa224cX5FDzzW2uVIVP8egMvG8tRklfb8k/LM82I4hvAAD/GYE/AUM6w+hxrZm3iNPbx1es6+89E56Kc6AwXmHv5YzpefgZCw/w==</latexit>

ダークフォトンの新しい生成メカニズム
See also, Co, Pierce, Zhang, Zhao, 1810.07196
Bastero-Gil, Santiago, Ubaldi, Vega-Morales, 1810.07208

ダークフォトンサーチをしている人には朗報シミュレーション結果：数密度の時間発展<latexit sha1_base64="NoE07/3QYGcvmvvYgVR2hJlmJhY=">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</latexit>

axion

0

10
na,γ’/na(β=0)= 40, fa = 1014 GeV, ma = 10 8 eV, m 0 = 0.1ma

dark photon-110

tachyonic
growth-210mγ’=0.1ma
0.4ma

-3

10

1

10
maτ

アクシオンの存在量は減り、ダークフォトンが支配的シミュレーション結果：残存量0Ωa,γ’h2

10axion w/o dark photon production

da

-1

n
o
t
o
rk p h

10

-2

axion

10

10-3

<latexit sha1_base64="W8RRguKsfAdFa7ps71AyAaTo6nY=">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</latexit>

0

= 40

0.1

0.2

0.3
0.4
mγ’/ma0.5

0.6

ダークフォトンがダークマターの支配的な成分となる

アクシオン (ALP) による重力波生成重力波
非常に強い透過力 ̶> アクシオン振動開始直後の情報をもたらす

特に大きな崩壊定数のアクシオンほどより感度がある⇠ 1016 GeV<latexit sha1_base64="Ff5NH8xzppin3jTGV7UyDD7MYqM=">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</latexit>

重力波
時空の計量： ds2 = dt2<latexit sha1_base64="Xfz0ROOkQG5nIEo5353CnL6/ZgA=">AAACsHichVHLShxBFD22eYwmxtFshGwaB4MSHGo6giIkDLhx6Wt0QO2murvUGvtFd83gZJgfcOsii6wUshD3gWzjxh9w4SeIywlkk0Vu9zSERGJu0XVPnbrn9imuHXkyUYzdDGiDjx4/eVoYGn72fOTFaHFsfDMJm7Ejak7ohXHd5onwZCBqSipP1KNYcN/2xJZ9uJTeb7VEnMgw2FDtSOz6fD+Qe9LhiiirOOsmpqG/011lGrPcNKZ3XOEpbnVko/vmIEszuntkynRrWMUSK7Ms9PugkoMS8lgJi1+wAxchHDThQyCAIuyBI6G1jQoYIuJ20SEuJiSze4EuhknbpCpBFZzYQ9r36bSdswGd055JpnboLx59MSl1TLFrds567IpdsFv285+9OlmP1Eubst3XisgaPZ5Y//FflU9Z4eC36kHPCntYyLxK8h5lTPoKp69vffjYW19cm+q8Zmfsjvyfsht2SS8IWt+dz6ti7dMDfmzy0qXxVP4exn2waZQrb8vG6lyp+j4fVAGvMIlpmsY8qljGCmrU/QRf8Q2XmqHVNUvj/VJtINe8xB+hNX4BDHmg2g==</latexit>

a2 ( ij + hij )dxi dxj

テンソルゆらぎ（重力波）

アインシュタイン方程式
ḧij + 3H ḣij
<latexit sha1_base64="bfOWqh1kgtAQrg/mMw2BnZOZJpM=">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</latexit>

1
rh
=
ij
a2

16⇡Ga2 ⇧TTij

重力波のソース⇧ij =<latexit sha1_base64="DiIahYmJ+jwiZt7cnrKFDOc1Ijg=">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</latexit>

@i @j

1
+ Ei Ej + 2 B i B ja

アクシオンからの寄与（２次のゆらぎ）アクシオンの自己相互作用による不安定性(plateau-type potential)

oscillon重力波フォレスト
c = 5 and-6

i = 3 (upper),<latexit sha1_base64="2KHdN2FbDeAOcd3S1+1FDo+jU88=">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</latexit>

2 (lower) f = 1016 GeV<latexit sha1_base64="uZTDyp7/dGDFHq+ow6og+pWg5lE=">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</latexit>

10

SKA

LISA DECIGO

10 15 eV

1 µeV

-8

ET

10
ΩGWh

2

-10

10

-12

10

-14

10

-16

10

<latexit sha1_base64="+aZ3/jw5XZqMQjd7gHMOOesE9ag=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="rEcZ04ZH2JMyq8mJVGrNKD4wgGc=">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</latexit>

1 eV<latexit sha1_base64="AJWMRjGYsM4MTqmW8KattYs2bLI=">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</latexit>

1 MeV<latexit sha1_base64="bJHNhWjmWkPDm/vZZbaFSqurF4E=">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</latexit>

-18

10

10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 100 102 104
f [Hz] NK, Soda, Urakawa,1807.07037

重力波
時空の計量： ds2 = dt2<latexit sha1_base64="Xfz0ROOkQG5nIEo5353CnL6/ZgA=">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</latexit>

a2 ( ij + hij )dxi dxj

テンソルゆらぎ（重力波）

アインシュタイン方程式
ḧij + 3H ḣij
<latexit sha1_base64="bfOWqh1kgtAQrg/mMw2BnZOZJpM=">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</latexit>

1
rh
=
ij
a2

16⇡Ga2 ⇧TTij

重力波のソース⇧ij =<latexit sha1_base64="DiIahYmJ+jwiZt7cnrKFDOc1Ijg=">AAAC0XichVHBStxQFD2maqfW6lg3hW6Cg1KQDi9jwVJoGSxCVzI6HRUcDS/xjb4xk4TkzcAYAqXL+gEuumqhC3Er/oCb/kAXdls34lLBTRe9kwmIivaG5J177j0353Et35GhYuy4R3vQ29f/MPNo4PHgk6Hh7MjTxdBrBrao2J7jBcsWD4UjXVFRUjli2Q8Eb1iOWLK23nfqSy0RhNJzP6q2L1YbfMOVNWlzRZSZnauWpBnJeqy/1V/qVZ8HSnLHlAQ35VVe7+aT+iyVZimd1Ku1gNuREUd8rRDrM8TPmHUzm2N5loR+GxgpyCGNkpc9RBXr8GCjiQYEXCjCDjhCelZggMEnbhURcQEhmdQFYgyQtkldgjo4sVv03aBsJWVdyjszw0Rt018cegNS6hhnv9geO2c/2T47ZX/vnBUlMzpe2nRaXa3wzeEvz8qX/1U16FTYvFLd61mhhteJV0ne/YTp3MLu6lvbu+flNwvj0QT7zs7I/zd2zI7oBm7rwv4xLxa+3uPHIi8xrce4uYzbYLGQN6byhflXueK7dFEZPMcYXtA2plHEB5RQoekH+I0/ONHKWlv7pH3utmo9qWYU10Lb+QdCAazL</latexit>

@i @j

1
+ Ei Ej + 2 B i B ja（ダーク）電磁場からの寄与

アクシオン ̶> フォトンの円偏光モード非対称性<latexit sha1_base64="8kS3VN2s5VIb1WvqXhbHoIa5/RA=">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</latexit>

credit : 筑波大学生物資源学類 奈佐原顕郎

重力波の円偏光モード非対称性を生む？

数値計算：時間発展
100

co

-1

nt

10-2

NK, Soda, Urakawa in prep

Pr
eli

mi

10-3
-4

10-5

10-5

-6

10

na

ry

10
0

10

20

30

40

mτ

アクシオン＆ゲージ場

重力波

50
ΩGW

ΩGW

10

he
re

axion
+ mode− mode

10-7
10-8
-9

10

see also Adchead+ 1805.04550,
Machado+ 1811.01950+ mode− mode

10-10
0

10

20

30

40

mτ

重力波の円偏光非対称性はアクシオン独特のシグナル50

中性子星と (QCD) アクシオン(Recent related works)
F. P. Huang, K. Kadota, T. Sekiguchi, H. Tashiro, 1803.08230
A. Hook, Y. Kahn, B. R. Safdi, Z. Sun, 1804.03145
中性子星冷却によるアクシオンへの制限 : Hamaguchi+ 1806.07151（核子-アクシオン相互作用への制限）

アクシオンとフォトンの相互作用La<latexit sha1_base64="a7pidrJ4UwW5UhYT2l3+m0coZmM=">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</latexit>

1
= ga
4

Fµ⌫ F̃

µ⌫

=

ga

~ ·B
~
E

1. Tachyonic photon production
2. Magnetic axion-photon conversion
3. Axion decay into photons

credit: ICEPP

地上実験 : O(10)TIBS/CAPP

中性子星 : 100億T！

credit: IPMU

中性子星は天然のアクシオン検出器となりうるか？

中性子周りの磁場分布
フォトン有効質量(Goldreich-Julian)

磁気双極子
0.1

z

0.05
0
-0.05
-0.1
-0.1

-0.05

0
y

0.05

0.1

m = ma<latexit sha1_base64="Syf5Mrpe9zxt4uNNU+AwkB7mM2Q=">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</latexit>“resonant surface”

Level crossing between axion and photon⇤<latexit sha1_base64="cVre2wxo1+XGjRZxc1tD/kCgf58=">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</latexit>
sha1_base64="wbbkwmeasWw9nrVTB7/yhjU74iM=">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</latexit>

✓ ◆

+

✓

2

m

ga !B
m2

ga !B

◆✓ ◆

=0
<latexit sha1_base64="wjFO6tXKZvVUwt3Q+EKSXp2YoOI=">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</latexit>

1002eigenvalues (m )（磁場に平行な電場）

mφ’2
mγ’2
mφ2
mγ2

10

（質量行列の固有値の空間変化）
1

0

0.05
r

0.1

m = ma : maximal mixing —> resonant conversion<latexit sha1_base64="Syf5Mrpe9zxt4uNNU+AwkB7mM2Q=">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</latexit>

frequency ~ axion mass ~ μeV —> radio telescopeシミュレーション

rotation axis

dipoleアクシオン起源の電波放射 ̶ dipoleに垂直（パルサー：dipole方向に放射）future sensitivity

A. Hook, Y. Kahn, B. R. Safdi, Z. Sun, 1804.03145

まとめ
アクシオンは面白い？
宇宙（初期）のアクシオン-光子相互作用

ダークフォトンダークマターを生成
円偏光モードの非対称性を持つ重力波を放出
中性子星周りの強磁場による電波放射