GEO Carbon and GHG Initiative WG
Session 1:

Background information on the GEO 20172019 Work Programme with the SDGs
Hiroyuki Muraoka (Gifu University, Japan)
GEO Programme Board (Japan alternate)
GEO-C Task 3 contributorA set of coordinated, independent Earth observation,
information and processing systems that interact andprovide access to diverse information for a broad
range of users in both public and private sectors.

Earth Observation Domains (examples)
Observation Fields

Atmosphere
Land(Lowland)(Mountain)
Freshwater(Lake)(River)CoastOcean
Arcticetc.

Observation Themes

ClimateWeatherCarbonWater
EnergyBiodiversity
Land-use and change
Foods
DisasterDisturbanceetc.

Scientific interests
User needs

GEOSS
Data
Knowledge
Information
 SDGs Tackling climate change Sustainability ofecosystem services

Sound decision making

GEOSS Portal www.geoportal.org

GEO Strategic Plan 2016-2025: Implementing GEOSS[Approved at GEO-XII Plenary and Ministerial Summit in 2015, Mexico-city]

 GEO’s Vision Strategic Objectives [Advocate, Deliver, Engage] Societal Benefit Areas (SBAs)… Application oriented
 Implementation mechanisms[Flagships, Initiatives, Community Activities, Foundational Tasks]GEO Work Programme 2017-2019[Approved at GEO-XIII Plenary in 2016, St. Petersberg]

 Flagships (4) Initiatives (22)
 Community Activities (31) Foundational Tasks (10)8 Societal Benefit Areas
Carbon and GHG related SBA:
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Sustainability:
by bridging multiple types of observation data and knowledge toprovide information on the health of Earth’s biological andecological systems and their services to society;in order to strengthen conservation, restoration and sustainable useof ecosystems and biodiversity, including marine planning and oceanuse, in response to changes in climate and land use, throughscience-society collaborations at local, national, regional and globallevels.

The Four Implementation Mechanisms to realize
GEO’s vision and maximize the benefits to users

From GEO Strategic Plan 2016-2025

SBA: Biodiversity and Ecosystem Sustainability
GEO Flagship

Related activities (examples)

GEO Biodiversity Observation network (GEO BON)
Global Forest Observation Initiative (GFOI)GEO Initiatives

The GEO Global Ecosystem Initiative (GEO-ECO)
GEO-GNOME Initiative: GEO Global Network for Observation and Information inMountain Environments
GEO Carbon and GHG Initiative
Earth Observations for Ecosystem Accounting (EO4EA）
Ocean and Society: Blue Planet

Community Activities

Africa Global-scale Geochemical Baselines for mineral resource and environmental
management: Capacity-building phase
Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) Early Warning System
For Global Mangrove Monitoring

Foundational Tasks

GEOSS development and GCI operations
GEOSS in-situ observation resources
User needs and gap analysis

To help Task 3:
Coordinated, Inter-disciplinary, Cross-scale observations
Carbon is thecross-cuttingelement

Chapin et al. (2000)

Potential idea for Task 3
Super-sites to foster networking and examining observation strategy(Carbon as the connection of climate, biodiversity and ecosystems)
ILTER and ILTER-EAPFLUXNET and AsiaFlux

http://www.asiaflux.net/(Muraoka et al. 2015)

Earth system and ecosystems
Biological and ecological processes

Potential idea for Task 3
Cross-scale and cross platform observations(Carbon as the connection of climate, biodiversity and ecosystems)

Satellite obs.

Satellite remote sensing

ALOS (JAXA)

Ecosystem obs.

Ecosystem and land-use types
Vegetation structure
Temporal change in ecosystemsEcological process research,
tower flux obs. and modelingPrimary production (carbon cycle)
Eco-hydrology
Nutrient cycling

Biodiversity obs.

Species and genetic level research
Plant species distribution
Wildlife habitat assessment
Biological interactions(Muraoka et al. 2013)

Observations to find and predict consequences among the systems

Atmospheric CO2

http://data.gosat.nies.go.jp/Gosat
BrowseImage/browseImage/fts_l2_swir_co2_gallery_ja.html

Biodiversity and Ecosystem
In-situ Observation networks

Global Surface status

http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html

Climate, Weather, CO2
Changes in Biodiversity,
Ecosystem functions
and their services
Human activity