2020 年11月14日［土］̶ 2021年 2月14日［日］東京都現代美術館 コレクション展示室
Saturday, 14 November, 2020 – Sunday, 14 February, 2021
Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo, Collection Gallery

MOT Collection: Rewinding the Collection

1F

3F

2-3
2-2

2-1

2-4
2-5

宮島達男

アンソニー
・カロ

コレクション を 巻 き 戻 す

MOTコレクション

ごあいさつ
東京都現代美術館は、戦後美術を中心に、近代から現代に至る約5,500点の作品を収蔵しています。「MOTコレクション」展では、会期ごとに様々な切口を設けて作品を展示し、現代美術の持つ多様な魅力の発信に努めています。今回は、「コレクションを巻き戻す」と題し、コレクションの成り立ちに光をあてる2部構成でご紹介します。
第1部では、「東京府美術館」時代に始まるコレクションの歴史を紐解きます。明治
時代から1950年代まで、多様な作家による約180点を制作年代順に展示し、現在コレクションの中核をなす「戦後美術」へと続く歩みを展開します。第2部では、「現代美術」の歴史を伝える常設展示を実施するため、東京都現代美術館の開館時に収集された、海外作家による大型作品約30点を展示し、当館のスタートラインへと遡ります。
コレクションを巻き戻すことで見えてくる、広い時代と地域にまたがる多彩な作品をお楽しみ頂くと共に、美術館のこれからの歩みにも思いを巡らせる機会となれば幸いです。
The Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo houses approximately 5,500 artworks in its
extensive collection, which spans the modern and contemporary periods with a focus
on art of the postwar years. In an aim to communicate the diverse appeal of contemporary art, each installment of the “MOT Collection” exhibition serves to introduce artworks
in the collection from various themes and angles in order to offer visitors with an opportunity to engage with works from various perspectives. Titled “Rewinding the Collection,”presented is a two-section exhibition that serves to shed light upon the origin andhistory of the collection.
		 Section 1 unravels the history of the collection that began in the “Tokyo Prefectural
Art Museum” era. Approximately 180 works by various artists from the Meiji era to the1950s are presented in chronological order in an aim to introduce the developments
leading to art of the postwar years that is currently at the core of the collection. Section
2 features a selection of 30 or so large-scale works by overseas artists collected
towards the opening of the Museum of Contemporary Art in order to present a permanent exhibition that conveys the history of contemporary art, thus going back to thestart line of the MOT.
		 We welcome viewers to enjoy the variety of works spanning a wide range of periods
and regions that can be seen by rewinding the collection, and at the same time we hopethat this will serve as an opportunity to think about the future course of the museum.

第1部 戦後美術のその前へ

1-1 近代洋画の黎明期

当館の収蔵作品の中には、1995年の開館に際して東京都美術館（東京府美術館として開館、第1部は明治の洋画家、五姓田義松の《清水の富士》からスタートします。本作は今から遡るこ

1943年改称）から移管された3,000点余りが含まれています。1923年の関東大震災から復興と約140年、上野公園で開かれた第2回内国勧業博覧会（1881）で初めて展示されました。美

を遂げる東京で、主に美術団体の発表の場として歩んだ東京府美術館における作品収集の始

術学校や美術団体など、日本で美術をめぐる制度や枠組みがやがて整備されていく時代、こまりは、1926年の開館当初にまで遡ります。しかし、同時代美術を対象としたコレクションをの半世紀後には日本で最初の公立美術館、東京府美術館が誕生します。府美術館は同時代本格化させ、「現代美術館」を指向していくのは1975年、前川國男設計による新館の開館以（1927）が開かれるなど、美術の発表の場であった一方、朝日新聞主催の「明治大正名作展」

降のことでした。

近代美術を振り返る視点が大衆に広く提示される場にもなりました。

Before Postwar Art to its Beginnings

The Dawn of Modern Western-style Painting「コレクション」と一言にいっても、作品の完成後、それらが美術館に収蔵されるまでの時間

さて、この一室には、フランスから帰国後、1896年に白馬会を結成した外光派の黒田清輝

や経緯は実にさまざまです。都美術館の旧館時代に団体展での発表間もなく収蔵された作品

や久米桂一郎ら「新派（紫派）」、また最初の洋風美術団体、明治美術会を1889年に創立したや、企画展を機に作家ご遺族からご寄贈いただいた作品、それまでのコレクションを補完し、浅井忠ら「旧派（脂 派）」の作品などを展示しています。その多くは、都美術館の旧館時代に開より広い視点で歴史を辿れるよう意図して収集された作品―そこには作家が制作にかけた時（1962）に出品されました。この展覧会はかれた、はじめての所蔵作品展「日本洋画壇の流れ」

間のみならず、作品の発表や展示、収集などに関わるいくつもの時間の層が襞のように織り込「日本洋画壇初期の双璧、故浅井忠、黒田清輝両画伯の作品も購入し当館所蔵作品の内容もまれています。

一層充実した」ことから実現したものです。この時期、学芸員はいなかったものの、美術史的第1部では、近代日本洋画の黎明期である明治時代から、「戦後美術」が多様な展開を見せな視座を含む作品の収蔵や所蔵作品展の開催が萌芽的に進んでいました。新館以降に収集さる1950年代まで制作年代順に作品を並べます。都美術館の歩んだ歴史、作品に纏わる展示

れた、日本画の革新を目指した横山大観、自画自刻の創作版画を提唱した山本鼎の作品などや収蔵に関する出来事にも触れることで、複層的な時間を行き来しながら当館のコレクションも併せ、明治期を中心とした収蔵品を一堂に展示します。

の成り立ちを辿り、その意味を考えます。
Our museum’s collection includes more than 3,000 works that were transferred from the Tokyo
Metropolitan Art Museum (opened as the Tokyo Prefectural Art Museum, and renamed 1943) when
the Museum of Contemporary Art opened in 1995. The Tokyo Prefectural Art Museum was established in the midst of reconstruction efforts in wake of the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923, andhad mainly been used as a venue for art groups to present their work. The beginning of the collection dates back to 1927 just after the museum first opened. However, it was not until 1975, when
the New Building designed by MAYEKAWA Kunio was completed, that full-fledged efforts were
underway to collect works of contemporary art in aims towards establishing a “Museum ofContemporary Art.”
		 The works that are housed in our museum’s collection had each come to be collected by themuseum under various times and circumstances after their completion. While some werecollected shortly after being introduced in group exhibitions held in the Old Building era, there areothers that were donated to the museum by the surviving families of the artist on the occasion of
special exhibitions, as well as works collected with intentions to complement the previous collection and trace history from a broader perspective. Not only the time spent by the artist on the
production, but also the layers of time involved in the presentation, exhibition, and collection of thework are woven like folds into these works.
		 In the Part 1, the works are arranged in chronological order from the Meiji era, which marked
the dawn of modern Japanese Western-style painting, to the 1950s, when “Postwar Art” hadbegan to show various developments. By also touching upon the exhibitions in which the works
were presented, as well as the events related to their collection, we trace the origin of the Collection and think about its meaning and significance while going back and forth between multiple
layers of time.

Part 1 begins with the work, View of Mt. Fuji from Shimizu by GOSEDA Yoshimatsu, a Western-style
painter from Japan’s Meiji era. This work was exhibited for the first time at the 2nd National Industrial Exhibition (1881) held in Ueno Park around 140 years ago. Such was an era when systems andframeworks related to art including art schools and art groups were gradually being developed inJapan, and half a century later, the Tokyo Prefectural Art Museum opened as the nation’s firstpublic art museum. While the Tokyo Prefectural Art Museum served to introduce the art of thetimes, it had also become a venue where perspectives of looking back on modern art was widely
presented to the general public through exhibitions such as the “Masterpieces of the Meiji andTaisho Era” (1927) organized by The Asahi Shimbun.
		 This room features works including those by artists of the Murasaki-ha (Violet School) thatconsist of the likes of KUME Keiichiro, and KURODA Seiki, an advocator Pleinairisme who formed
the Hakuba-kai (White Horse Society) in 1896 upon returning to Japan after his studies in France.
Also introduced are the works of artists associated with the Yani-ha (Old School) such as ASAI
Chu, who established the Meiji Bijutsukai (Meiji Art Society), the first group of Western-style
painters in Japan, in 1898. Many of these works were exhibited in the Tokyo Prefectural Art Museum’s first collection exhibition “The History of Japanese Western-style Painters (1962), which washeld in the museum’s original building prior to its reconstruction. This exhibition was made possible
due to the fact that “the museum acquired the works of the late ASAI Chu and KURODA Seiki, thetwo most prominent artists in early Japanese Western-style painting, which had further enhanced
the contents of the works housed in the museum’s collection.” Although there were no curators
during this period, there were active movements in progress to collect works that reflected art
historical perspectives and further introduce them to the public through exhibitions. This section
also presents a selection of pieces from the museum’s collection that were acquired after theconstruction of its new building, particularly focusing on the Meiji era, including works by
YOKOYAMA Taikan, who aimed to innovate nihonga (Japanese painting), and KANAE Yamamoto,who was an advocator of the sosaku-hanga (creative prints) movement, which aimed at self-produced printmaking.

1-2 在野団体と前衛美術運動

1-3 震災と府美術館の開館

政府主催の文展（文部省美術展覧会）が1907年に始まり、大正から昭和にかけては大小の在野のグループも相次いで誕生しました。雑誌『白樺』で見たゴッホなどポスト印象派の絵画に衝

1923年、関東大震災の発生を知った京都画壇の鹿子木孟郎は、直ちに上京し、煙くすぶる被災地を歩き回りました。そのとき残されたスケッチと、大作《大正12年9月1日》は1965年にご撃を受けた岸田劉生は、1912年、画家仲間とともにヒユウザン会展（2回展よりフュウザン会に遺族から寄贈されました。いまも続く、東京が主題の作品収蔵の最も早い例です。

Independent Groups and Avant-garde Art Movements

The Great Kanto Earthquake and the Opening of the Tokyo Prefectural Museum of Art

改称）
を開催します。欧州に留学した石井柏亭、有島生馬、梅原龍三郎らは、1914年に文展をさて、震災前には、上野公園で開催された平和記念東京博覧会を機に、美術家から「永久脱退、二科会を結成しました。1975年以降、作品の収集活動が本格化する新館では、こうした的」な美術館を求める声があがりました。この運動を偶然知り、建設資金を寄付したのが九州

アカデミズムと対をなす在野の表現に軸を置いています。学芸員による初の企画展「戦前の前出身の石炭商、佐藤慶太郎です。建設地がすぐ決まらなかったことで工事は震災を免れ、（1976）でも、戦前までの「洋画史の俯瞰と前衛絵画
衛展―二科賞樗牛賞の作家とその周辺」

米旅行で贈られたピカソの版画などの愛蔵品は「『白樺』と大正期の美術」展（1977）で紹介さ1926年に府美術館が開館します。翌年登録された最初の収蔵品が、藤岡鉄太郎、鈴木昇一による作品でした。展覧会場としての機能を主としたこの旧館で、1945年までの収蔵品はわずか13点。多くは官展出品作品ですが、この2点は選定の基準や作家の詳細も不明で、方針れています。

の定まらぬまま収蔵が始まったことも窺えます。

の再認識」が目指されました。武者小路実篤のご遺族から寄贈された、劉生による実篤像や欧同じころ、第一次世界大戦前後の欧州では、フォーヴィスム、キュビスム、未来派、ダダ、表一方、歯科医として滞在した欧州で前衛芸術に触れ、画業を開始した中原實は、震災直後、現主義など、前衛芸術の坩堝と化した時代でした。日本の作家たちも、雑誌の紹介や、混乱す

父の出資で、自宅の焼け跡に画廊九段を立ち上げました。アクションなどの前衛運動にも参加

る革命後のロシアから大量の作品と共に来日した、ロシア未来派のヴィクトル・パリモフとダヴィした中原は、日本で最初期の無鑑査展をここで開いたほか、ムンクなどが展示された報知新聞

ト・ブルリュークによる展覧会などで、海外の最新動向と接しています。関東大震災前には、未社主催の欧州新興美術展、村山知義らの活動にも場を提供しました。中原作品は「戦前の前来派に傾倒した神原泰や矢部友衛ら二科の作家によるアクション、現地の前衛たちと交流しド（1976）などに展示され、その後都美術館で寄託を受けましたが、2017 年、当館のリ
衛展」

イツから帰国した村山知義らのマヴォなどの前衛美術運動が花開きました。

ニューアルを機にご遺族から寄贈いただきました。

The government-sponsored Bunten (The Ministry of Education Arts Exhibition) was inaugurated in
1907, and a series of independent groups, both large and small, were also born one after anotherfrom the Taisho to Showa period. KISHIDA Ryusei, upon receiving a great impact from the works of
Post-impressionist painters like Van Gogh, which he had seen in Shirakaba magazine (issued by the“White Birch Society”), held an exhibition with members of his own artistic circle called Fyuzankai(Fusain Society) in 1912. ISHII Hakutei, ARISHIMA Ikuma, UMEHARA Ryuzaburo who had studied inEurope, withdrew from the Bunten along with other artists in 1914, and formed the Nika Association.
Since the completion of its new building in 1975, the museum had brought focus to the expressionof independent groups that formed a counterpart to these academic institutions. The museum’s
first exhibition organized by its curators was titled, “Prewar Avant-garde: Recipients of the Nika
Award and Chogyu Prize, and Artists in their Surroundings” (1976), and aimed at “presenting acomprehensive overview of the history of Western-style painting, and renewing the understandingof avant-garde painting” in the prewar period. The portrait of MUSHAKOJI Saneatsu, which waspainted by Kishida and donated to the museum by Mushakoji’s surviving family, was introduced in
the exhibition, “Shirakaba and Art of the Taisho Period” (1977) along with a series of the artist’s cherished items such as the Picasso’s print that had been gifted to him during his travel in Europe.
		 Around this time, Europe had become a crucible for avant-garde art that emerged both before
and after World War I, such as Fauvism, Cubism, Futurism, Dada, and Expressionism. Japaneseartists had the opportunity to view and engage with the latest overseas trends through magazines,
as well as exhibitions organized by Russian Futurists Victor PALMOV and David BURLIUK, who had
come to Japan from Russia with a large number of works in the wake of the chaos brought about
by the revolution. Also flourishing before the Great Kanto Earthquake were avant-garde art groups
such as “Action” which was founded by devote futurists and artists of the Nika Association
including KAMBARA Tai and YABE Tomoe, and “MAVO” which had been established by
MURAYAMA Tomoyoshi who had returned from Germany after interacting with local avant-gardes,
and a number of his contemporaries.

In 1923, upon learning about the Great Kanto Earthquake, painter KANOKOGI Takeshiro in Kyoto
immediately traveled to Tokyo and walked around the smoldering disaster-struck areas. The
sketches made at the time, along with his masterpiece September 1, Taisho 12 (1923), were
donated to the museum by his surviving family in 1965. These are the earliest examples of works inthe collection that depict the city of Tokyo, which the museum has continued to collect to this day.
		 Before the earthquake, after the occasion of the Tokyo Peace Exposition held in Ueno Park,
artists had started to voice their desire for a “permanent” museum. It was the Kyushu-based industrialist and “King of Coal” SATO Keitaro who happened to learn of this movement, and donated thefunds required for its construction. As the site for the museum was not decided immediately,
construction had been spared from the earthquake, and the Tokyo Prefectural Art Museum finally
opened its doors in 1926. The works of FUJIOKA Kanetaro and SUZUKI Shoichi were the first to beregistered in the museum’s collection the following year. Up until 1945, only 13 works werecollected and housed in the old museum building, which mainly functioned as an exhibition hall.
While many of them were presented in government-sponsored exhibitions, the selection criteria
and artist details for the two aforementioned works remained unknown, and thus it can be said thatthe collection had started without having determined a specific policy.
		 Meanwhile, NAKAHARA Minoru, who started his career as a painter after encountering avantgarde art in Europe where he had resided as a dentist, established Gallery Kudan on the site where
his home had burnt down immediately after the earthquake with financial aid from his father. Nakahara, who also participated in avant-garde movements such as “Action,” held the earliest exhibition in
Japan that was exempt from the examination of a selecting committee in this gallery. He also
provided it as a venue for the “Emerging European Art” exhibition sponsored by Hochi Shimbun
where the works of Edvard Munch and others were exhibited, while also lending the space to theactivities of MURAYAMA Tomoyoshi and the artists in his circle. Nakahara’s work was exhibited at the“Prewar Avant-Garde Exhibition” (1976), and was subsequently entrusted to the Tokyo Metropolitan
Art Museum, yet in 2017 the artist’s family donated it to MOT on the occasion of its grand renewal.

1-4 1930年代の前衛

1-5 戦中を生きた画家たち

関東大震災で壊滅的な被害を受けた東京では、近代的な都市計画にもとづく復興が進んでい日中戦争が始まった1937年、清水登之、向井潤吉はいち早く従軍画家として中国に赴きましきます。ビルの立ち並ぶ広い街路や、モボ・モガの行き交う賑やかな繁華街、映画やラジオ放た。国家総動員法の公布を経て、従軍画家が200名を超えた1939年には、陸軍美術協会が送などが人々の生活を彩りました。恩地孝四郎、藤森静雄ら8 名による版画集「新東京百景」に結成されます。同じころ、福沢一郎らが集った前衛的な美術団体、美術文化協会では、府美術

は、新しい都市・東京の姿が刻まれています。都美術館の新館では、こうした版画作品も重点

館での第1回展に寺田政明《夜》、2回展に靉光《静物（雉）》が展示されました。2回展は、福沢的な収集対象となり、1985年には収蔵品の約半数を占める版画の収蔵作品図録も刊行されがシュルレアリスムと共産主義との関係を疑われ、美術評論家・瀧口修造と共に治安維持法でました。

検挙された直後だったため、靉光と寺田の作品は軍を刺激する可能性があるとして、出品の1930s Avant-garde

府美術館で開かれる二科展では、1933年頃から、前衛的な作品を第九室に集めて展示す

Artists Who Lived During the War

論議を呼んだといいます。

るようになります。やがて1938年には、戦後に具体美術協会を立ち上げる吉原治良や、山口

一方、府美術館は聖戦美術展などの会場にもなりました。津田信夫《戦意充溢》は、戦時特長男の呼びかけで九室会が結成されました。コラージュ作品で注目を集めていた桂ゆきは、

別美術展（1944）の工芸美術部門に展示され、翌年収蔵された、数少ない戦中期の収蔵作品

1935年に二科展に初出品したのち、九室会にも参加します。桂の《［切り株］》は、当館で開催された2013年の個展を機に、ご遺族から寄贈いただいた内の1点で、収蔵品における女性作家の作例として最も早いものです。1930年代には、九室会のほかにも、抽象やシュルレアリ

です。紀元二千六百年奉祝美術展覧会（1940）では、絵筆（彩管）を執って国に尽くす「彩管報スムの傾向を示す若者たちの小グループが次々と結成されました。長谷川三郎、村井正誠、瑛

人画会を結成します。都美術館での「靉光・松本竣介そして戦後美術の出発」展（1977）では、九、オノサト・トシノブらの自由美術協会（1937結成）、福沢一郎、糸園和三郎、靉光らの美術文

彼らを戦後美術の起点として位置づけ、展示しました。2018年に寄贈いただいた福富太郎氏

化協会（1939結成）などに隆盛を見ますが、徐々に戦時色が強まり、前衛的な表現への統制がが集めた戦争に関わる絵画も含め、それぞれの在り方で時代と対峙しつつ制作された、戦中強まっていきます。

期の作品を展示します。

In Tokyo, which was devastated by the Great Kanto Earthquake, reconstruction based on moderncity planning was in progression. The wide streets lined with buildings, the lively downtown area
where “modern boys” and “modern girls” come and went, as well as movies and radio broadcasts,
had brought color to people’s lives. Views of the new city of Tokyo are engraved in the printcollection A Hundred Views of New Tokyo, which featured the work of eight artists including ONCHI
Koshiro and FUJIMORI Shizuo. Such print works were also the focus of the collection housed in the
new building of the Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum, and a catalog of prints, which accounts forabout half of the collection, was later published in 1985.
		 At the Nika Exhibition held at the Tokyo Prefectural Art Museum, avant-garde works came to
be gathered and presented in its ninth room from around 1933. Eventually, in 1938, theKyushitsu-kai (Ninth Room Association) was formed at the behest of YOSHIHARA Jiro, who would
later establish the Gutai group after the war, and his contemporaries including YAMAGUCHI
Takeo. KATSURA Yuki, who had gained attention for her collage works, became a member of the
Kyushitsu-kai after exhibiting for the first time at the Nika Exhibition in 1935. Katsura’s [Tree
Stump] is one of the works that were donated by the artist’s family in 2013 on the occasion of hersolo exhibition at the museum, and is the earliest example of a female artist in the collection. In
the 1930s, in addition to the Kyushitsu-kai, small groups of young people who showed atendency toward abstraction and surrealism were formed one after another. Groups such as the
Jiyu Bijyutsu Association (formed in 1937) consisting of the likes of HASEGAWA Saburo, MURAI
Masanari, Ei-KYU, ONOSATO Toshinobu, and the Bijyutsu Bunka Art Association (formed in 1939)
with members FUKUZAWA Ichiro, ITOZONO Wasaburo, and AI-MITSU et.al had prospered, yet as
the effects of the war gradually strengthened, stronger control and regulation came to be
imposed on avant-garde expressions.

Painters such as SHIMIZU Toshi and MUKAI Junkichi traveled to battlefields in China as soon as
the Sino-Japanese War broke out in 1937. Eventually, the National Mobilization Law was promulgated, and the Rikugun Bijutsu Kyokai (Army Art Association) came to be formed in 1939 when thenumber of war painters exceeded 200. Around the same time, FUKUZAWA Ichiro and his fellow
artists formed the Bijyutsu Bunka Art Association. The association’s first exhibition at Tokyo
Prefectural Art Museum presented TERADA Masaaki’s work Night, while its second exhibition hadfeatured AI-MITSU’s Still Life (Pheasant). In 1941, Fukuzawa, suspected of his Surrealist works being
under the influence of Communism, was arrested under the Peace Preservation Law along with art
critic TAKIGUCHI Shuzo. The association’s second exhibition was held just after this event, andthus the works of AI-MITSU and Terada were considered as controversial in the sense that they
could potentially provoke the military.
		 At that time, Tokyo Prefectural Art Museum had also become a venue for war art exhibitions.
TSUDA Shinobu’s Full of Fighting Spirit is one of the few works that were added to the collection
during the war. It had been exhibited in the craft art section of the Wartime Special Art Exhibition(1944), and was added to the collection the following year. The exhibition commemorating the
2600th anniversary of the Chrysanthemum Throne (1940) had advocated the system of “Saikan
Houkoku,” that is, of devoting oneself to one’s country by using a paintbrush, and a selection of1800 works including UDA Tekison’s New Autumn were presented in hopes to express “pride
towards the greatness and dignity of Japanese culture”. Amidst such times, MATSUMOTO Shunsuke, AI-MITSU and others formed Shinjingakai (New Artists Painting Association) in 1943 in searchof a new platform for presentation. At the exhibition “AI-MITSU, MATSHIMOTO Shunsuke and theBeginnings of Postwar Art” (1977) held at the Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum, the works of thetwo artists were introduced as the starting point of postwar art. Works from during the war thatwere produced while artists confronted the times in each their own way, are presented along with aseries of paintings related to the war that were collected by Mr. FUKUTOMI Taro and donated to themuseum in 2018.

国」体制を示し、「日本文化の威容を誇る」べく、宇田荻邨《新秋》を含む1800点もの作品が展示されました。こうした時代のなか、松本竣介、靉光らは新たな発表の場を求め、1943年に新

1-6 「戦後美術」の始まり

第2部 現代美術館のスタートライン

第二次世界大戦の空襲で東京は焼け野原となり、上野駅の地下道には行き場を失った人々がが終戦の翌年から展覧会を再開します。GHQによって中央の5室に封印されたいわゆる戦争

1階の展示室で見てきたように、当館のコレクション約5,500点の内、約3,000点は東京都美術館のコレクションを引き継いだものです。当館がこの地にオープンしたのは1995年3月ですが、現代美術館独自の作品収集のはじまりは、その7年前に遡ります。
これからご覧いただくのは、1988年に設置された「東京都美術資料取得基金」によって購入

画は、展示場所の拡張を求める声に応えて1951年に接収が解除され、米国へと送られまし

された作品群です。この基金は、当館の作品収集を目的として特別に設置されたもので、開館た。1-1で見た「日本の洋画壇の流れ」展の会場となる佐藤記念室ができたのもこの時代です。

を挟んで1996年までの 9 年間にわたり、長期的な視点と体系的な計画に沿って収集が続けら

The Beginning of Postwar Art

溢れていました。新人画会のメンバー、鶴岡政男による《重い手》は敗戦後の困窮の中、地下道で見た浮浪者の姿から着想したといいます。同じ上野の都美術館では、再建した美術団体同じ館内では、既成の画壇にとらわれない、無鑑査自由出品形式の「日本アンデパンダン」

Back to the Startline of the MOTれました。その結果として、新たにコレクションに加わった作品は534点に及びます。

展（9回展より読売アンデパンダンに改称）が1949年に始まりました。60年代にかけては工藤哲巳

その内、約4割を占めるのが海外作品です。東京都美術館のコレクションは日本の戦後からら、日用品や廃品を素材とする「反芸術」の作家たちの熱狂渦巻く舞台となり、戦後美術の孵

70年代までの前衛美術が中心であり、海外作品の収集は必ずしも充分とは言えませんでし

化器のような役割を果たしました。そのほか、ジャンルを超えた自由で新しい表現を求めた実た。それを補完するために、この基金では日本の現代美術の流れを、国内の動向からだけで

験工房、吉原治良が白髪一雄ら阪神間の若者たちと結成した具体美術協会、中村宏のルポルはなく国際的な視野からも捉えられるように、海外作品の収集を重要な課題として位置づけ、

タージュ絵 画 など の 多 彩 な 表 現 は、1981年 に 都 美 術 館 で 開 か れ た「 現 代 美 術 の 動 向 I

とりわけコレクションの核となるような、現代美術史を代表する海外作家たちの作品を積極的

一九五〇年代」で紹介されました。1995年に開館する現代美術館の常設展示「現代美術の流に収集しました。この第2部では、現代美術館のはじまりを、およそ30年の時を経て振り返り、れ」の起点となったのも、この時代の作品です。近年、福島秀子ら女性作家による作品の収蔵

当館の活動の原点であるコレクションの意味について考察します。

なども進み、より多様で豊かな広がりを見せる「戦後美術」の始まりが形づくられています。
The air raids of World War II burnt the city of Tokyo to ashes, and the underpass at Ueno Station
was full of people who had lost their place to go. Heavy Hand by TSURUOKA Masao, who was amember of the Shinjingakai (New Artists Painting Association), is inspired by the site of a vagrantthat the artist had come across in the station’s underpass in the midst of the destitution that
followed Japan’s defeat. In the Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum also located in Ueno, respective artgroups that reformed had come to resume their exhibitions the year after the end of the war.
So-called war paintings that were sealed in the fifth room in the center of the museum by the GHQ
were released from requisition in 1951, and sent to the United States in response to calls for
expanding the exhibition space. It was also during this time that the Sato Memorial Room wascreated, which served as the venue for the exhibition “The History of Japanese Western-style
Painters” seen in 1-1.
		 In the same building, in 1949, The Yomiuri Independent Exhibition had started as an exhibition
unbound by existing art circles and institutions, inviting all artists to participate without their work
being subjected to a selection process. From the 1950s to 1960s, the museum became a stage forthe surging enthusiasm of KUDO Tetsumi and other artists of the “Anti-Art” movement who usedeveryday objects and waste materials in producing work, thus serving its role as an incubator for
Postwar Art. In addition, various expressions such as Jikken Kobo (Experimental Workshop) thatsought free and new expressions that transcended genres, the Gutai Art Association formed by
the likes of YOSHIHARA Jiro with the youths in Hanshinkan (the area between Osaka and Kobe)
including SHIRAGA Kazuo and the reportage paintings of NAKAMURA Hiroshi, were introduced in“Movements in Contemporary Art I: 1950s” held at the Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum in 1981. It
was also the work of this era that became the starting point of the permanent exhibition “Contemporary Art from the Museum Collection” at the Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo, which
opened in 1995. In recent years, the collection of works by female artists such as FUKUSHIMA
Hideko has progressed, further giving shape to the beginning of “Postwar Art” that illustrates adiverse and rich expanse.

As shown in the 1st floor gallery, approximately 3,000 of the 5,500 or so works in the MOT
Collection have been inherited from the collection of the Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum. While
MOT opened in March 1995, its efforts to collect works of contemporary art had begun sevenyears prior.
		 Introduced in this section is a group of works that were acquired by the fund for the collectionof the Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo established in 1988. The purpose of the fund was tocollect artworks for the museum, and acquisition efforts had continued in line with a long-term
perspective and systematic plan over a period of nine years until 1996, which marked a year after
the museum’s opening. As a result, a total of 534 works were newly added to the collection.
		 Approximately 40 percent of these works are those that have been created by overseas
artists. The collection of the Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum had centered on avant-garde art
from Japan’s postwar period to the 1970s, and the collection of overseas works was not necessarily sufficient. To complement this, the fund placed importance on the collection of overseas
works in order to grasp the developments of Japanese contemporary art not only throughdomestic trends but also from an international perspective, in particular, actively acquiring theworks of overseas artists that hold a leading position within the history of contemporary art toform the core of its collection. In Section 2, we look back on the beginning of the Museum ofContemporary Art Tokyo, now 30 years or so since its startline, and consider the meaning of thecollection that had been at the origin of its activities.

2-1 ミニマル・アートと展示空間

2-2 増殖するポップ・アートのヒロインたち

天井高のある白い壁面に囲まれたホワイト・キューブの空間 ― それが当館の展示室の特質

1960年代に主にアメリカで花開いたポップ・アートは、ミニマル・アートと並んで、当館の海外です。このような空間との相乗効果を生み出す芸術の一つに、ミニマル・アートが挙げられま

コレクションの核の一つです。大衆社会の本格的な到来を背景に、大量生産された商品やマす。ミニマル・アートは、1960年代のアメリカで展開された芸術で、文字通り、芸術作品の構

スメディアのイメージを引用したポップ・アート。ここではそのアイコンともいえる2人の作家、成要素を最小限にまで削ぎ落すことを追求しました。主題や意味を伴わず、手の痕跡も残さ

アンディ・ウォーホルとロイ・リキテンスタインが描く人物像に焦点を当てます。

ず、極限ともいえる単純な形と反復構造を特徴としています。抽象芸術の極点として、戦後美《ヘア・リボンの少女》は、リキテンスタインが長年愛蔵していた作品で、三原色と黒の輪郭術史を語る上で必須であるミニマル・アートの作品は、基金コレクションのハイライトの一つで線、網点から分かるように、コミック雑誌の漫画の一コマを拡大したシリーズの代表作です。

（1995）「日本の美術、世界の美術あり、開館から10年間にわたる常設展示「現代美術の流れ」

一方、ウォーホルの《マリリン・モンロー》は、彼女が出演した映画の広告写真を原版にした作（1996–2005）の中で、スペースを設けて恒常的に紹介されてきました。
―この50年の歩み」

品です。ともに印刷物に登場したヒロイン像をコピーし、色や線描等に造形的な操作を加える

Minimal Art and the Gallery Spaces

正方形の鉄板を床に配置するカール・アンドレ、工業的な素材を用いた立体を等間隔に積

Heroines of Pop Art

ことで、強度ある画面を実現しています。

み上げるドナルド・ジャッド、そして描かれた型がカンヴァスの形となるシェイプト・カンヴァスをこうした視覚的インパクトゆえに、リキテンスタインは当館のシンボルとして広報に多用さ採用したフランク・ステラとロバート・マンゴールドは、モノとしての作品と純粋に対峙させるた

れ、ウォーホル作品もパンフレットや記事の中に頻繁に登場し、人々の記憶に刻印されてきまめに、作品と展示される場との関係性について強い意識を向けました。ノイズを排除した均質した。印刷物が作品へ、その作品がまた印刷物へというイメージの再生産のループは、複製技空間の中で、作品の前に立ち、眼前に広がる形や大きさを、そのままに感受する。オンライン

術を主言語とするポップ・アートの宿命であり、今ではネット空間の中で爆発的な規模で増殖では伝わらない、作品とここに居るあなたの間にしか成立しない鑑賞体験です。

し、イメージが私たちに及ぼす力について、さらに本質的な問いを投げかけます。ここではMOT’s galleries characteristically comprise of white cube spaces surrounded by white walls withhigh ceilings. One of the arts that work together with this kind of space to create a synergistic
effect is Minimal Art. Minimal Art is a movement that developed in the United States in the 1960s
that literally sought to eliminate all non-essential compositional elements of a work of art. It
conveys no theme or meaning, leaves no trace of the hand, and is often characterized byextremely simple shapes and repetitive structures. Works of Minimal Art, which as an extreme formof abstract art is crucial in the discussion of postwar art historical discourse, is indeed one of the
key highlights of the collection. These works had constantly been introduced in sections of themuseum’s permanent exhibitions, “Contemporary Art From the Museum Collection” (1995) and“Permanent Collection – 50 Years of Contemporary Art” (1996-2005), which were held over a
course of ten years since the museum’s opening.
		 Carl ANDRE places square metal plates directly on the floor, while Donald JUDD is known forstacking boxes made of industrial materials at regular intervals. Frank STELLA and Robert
MANGOLD both adopt the use of the shaped canvas in their work, whereby the shape depictedassumes the configuration of the canvas. Such artists had channeled a strong awareness towards
the relationship between the work and the place where it is exhibited in order for the space toconfront the work purely for its nature and essence as an object. Standing in front of the work in a
homogeneous space that eliminates distraction, viewers are able to perceive the pure shape andvolumes that appears before them. It indeed gives rise to a viewing experience that cannot be
encountered online, but only comes to manifest between the work and those who are physicallyhere in this very space.

ポップ・アート前後に登場した欧米の人物表現や、同時代の共通の傾向を持つ作品も併せて紹介します。
Flourishing in the United States in the 1960s, Pop Art, along with Minimal Art, is a core part of themuseum’s collection of overseas artworks. Pop Art, against the backdrop of the full-fledged arrivalof mass society, references images of mass-produced products and mass media. Here, we bringfocus to the figures depicted by Pop Art’s two most iconic artists, Andy WARHOL and Roy
LICHTENSTEIN.
		Girl with Hair Ribbon is a work that had long been cherished by Lichtenstein, and as observed
from its use of the three primary colors, black outlines, and Ben-Day dots, is one of the artist’s
leading master pieces from his signature series of expanded comic book panels. On the other
hand, Warhol’s Marilyn Monroe is based on a publicity photograph for a film in which she had
appeared. Both Warhol and Lichtenstein succeeded in creating powerful pictures through duplicating the images of these heroines that themselves had been published in printed matter, andfurther introducing their own figurative manipulations such as color and line drawing.
		 Due to it’s visual impact, Lichtenstein’s work has often been used in publicity as a symbol of
MOT, while Warhol’s work has frequently appeared in pamphlets and articles, and thus both havebeen engraved in people’s memories. This reproductive loop in which an image originally featured
in printed matter becomes a work, with that work then being distributed through printed matter,
indeed signifies the destiny of Pop Art which brings focus to reproduction technology. Now thisphenomenon is seen proliferating on an explosive scale in the space of the internet, posing evenmore essential questions regarding the power that images exert on us. Here, we also introduce
Western depictions of figures that appeared before and after Pop Art, as well as works from thesame era that harbor common tendencies.

2-3 デイヴィッド・ホックニーの版画コレクション

2-4 絵画のようなものを配置する方法

1937年にイギリスに生まれたデイヴィッド・ホックニーは、現代を代表する画家の一人です。
1960年代初めにブリティッシュ・ポップの旗手として登場し、1960年代半ばにアメリカのロサ

壁面にびっしりと並んでいるのは、石膏でできた大量のパーツです。表面は黒・白・グレーで塗りンゼルスに拠点を移した後は、明るい陽光に満ちた都市風景や人物を平明な描写で切り取り、「代用物」というタイトルは、この作品が、正真正銘の絵画ではなく、代役にすぎないことを告国際的な評価を確立しました。絵画から写真、映像、舞台美術、近年には iPad によるドロー

げています。美術館の中で代用物を見るという、曖昧で不確かな体験を生み出す本作は、イングも手掛けるなど、自在に作風を変化させ、現在もなお旺盛な創作活動を続ける稀有な存

1995年に初めて当館で展示した際には、困惑と反響を引き起こしました。
240個にも及ぶパーツの配置はランダムにも見えますが、収蔵時に添付されていた指示書

David Hockney Print Collection

在です。

Installing “Surrogates” of Painting

分けられていて、縁どられて額に入った絵のように映ります。作家アラン・マッカラムが付した

当館には一人の作家としては例外ともいえる150点のホックニー作品が収蔵されています。

に基づき決定され、展示空間に合わせて変化します。こうした広義のインスタレーションとして1991年には初期を代表するアクリル絵画《スプリンクラー》、1994年には147点におよぶ版画の作品の在り方は、現在ではもはや特殊なものではありませんが、基金による収集例はごくわ

作品がまとめて収蔵されました。その大半は作家のスタジオに保存されていた貴重な作品群ずかでした。その後、1990年代後半より当館でも企画展を中心にそのような作品が急増しま

で、ホックニーの1960年代から1990年代までの足跡を辿ることができる有数のコレクション

す。映像や音響、または光を用いたもの、観客の身体性を誘発する構築物を据えるものなどと言えます。当館では、1996年に開催された版画による回顧展「デイヴィッド・ホックニー版画

空間全体を作品化する多様な作例が出現し、現代美術の共通言語になりました。

展1954 –1995」で初公開され、その後もMOTコレクションはもとより、国内外のホックニー展

マッカラムに対置されるのは、同時代に制作されたピーター・ハリーのシミュレーショニズムに貸し出しされるなど幅広い展示の機会を得てきました。異なる場所で、新しい視点で解釈さの作品です。マッカラムが、その配置の中に、芸術をめぐる制度への問題意識を滲ませたのにれることで、ホックニー・コレクションの意味と評価は更新を続けます。ここでは友人のシーリ

対し、ハリーは抽象絵画のスタイルを援用しつつも、現代都市のシステムや社会の権力構造を

アを様々な視点で描き出した肖像画を中心に紹介します。

批評的に表出させます。

Born in England in 1937, David HOCKNEY is one of the leading painters of our time. He emerged asa standard-bearer of British Pop in the early 1960s, and after moving to Los Angeles in the
mid-1960s, he established an international reputation for his works that captured brightsunlight-filled cityscapes and figures through clear and simplistic depictions. With a practice thatencompasses painting, photography, video, stage design, and in recent years producing drawing
using the iPad, he is a remarkable individual who is able to freely change his style, still continuing tovigorously engage in various artistic activities to this day.
		 The museum houses 150 Hockney works, which is uncommon for a single artist. His early
representative acrylic painting A Lawn Sprinkler was added to the collection in 1991, and a further
147 print works were acquired in 1994. The majority of these are valuable works that had beenpreserved in the artist’s studio, and can be considered as one of the most prominent collections
that present an overview of Hockney’s practice spanning the 1960s to the 1990s. These works
premiered at the retrospective exhibition “David Hockney: A Print Retrospective” held at themuseum in 1996, and since then have had a wide range of exhibition opportunities not only in the
MOT collection, but also being loaned out to various Hockney exhibitions in both Japan andoverseas. Both the meaning and evaluation of the Hockney collection will continue to be updated
as it is interpreted in different places and through new perspectives. Here, we introduce a selectionof works centering on portraits of his friend Celia depicted from various perspectives.

A large number of parts made of plaster are installed in a close arrangement on the wall. Theirsurfaces are respectively painted in colors of black, white, and gray, making them appear likeframed paintings. The word Surrogates in the title of this work by Allan McCOLLUM, suggests that
this work does not consist of genuine paintings, but mere substitutes. This work, which gives riseto the ambiguous and uncertain experience of viewing surrogates in a museum, had caused confusion and provoked a strong response from viewers when it was first exhibited at MOT in 1995.
		 While the placement of the 240 parts appears to be random, it is decided based on the
instructions that had accompanied the work at the time of its collection, and in fact changes
according to the exhibition space. Although works perceivable as installations in the broad sense
are nothing out of the ordinary in this day and age, there were very few in the collection that had
been acquired by the museum fund at the time. Thereafter, from the latter half of the 1990s, thenumber of such works increased rapidly, mainly being introduced in special exhibitions at MOT.
Various works that transform the space into works of art had emerged, such as those that use
moving images, sounds, or light, and those incorporating structures that induce the physicality of
the audience, coming to be recognized as a common language of contemporary art.
		 Set in contrast to McCollum’s surrogates is Peter HALLEY’s Simulationism work that wasmade during the same period. While McCollum had raised awareness towards the problems
surrounding the institutions of art in the arrangement of his surrogates, Halley alludes to the styleof abstract painting to critically convey the system of modern cities and the power structures
within society.

2-5 終わらない物語

MOTコレクション 関連年表／Chronology

基金の海外作品コレクションは、欧米に大きな比重を置くものでした。それ以外の地域はわず●1926年 東京府美術館が開館

Ongoing Endeavors〈同時代美術の発表の場／小規模な作品収集〉
Tokyo Prefectural Art Museum opens〈 Venue for presenting art of the times / Modest start in the collecting of artworks 〉

か 3点に留まり、そのうち2点は中国の蔡國強の作品でした。蔡は基金の収集当時まで、日本に長期滞在しており、いわきでプロジェクトを手掛けたり、当館の開館記念展「日本の現代美術

1985–1995」にも選ばれたりするなど、日本において独自のポジションを占める作家であったことが窺えます。
初期の代表作《Project for Extraterrestrials No.9 ―胎動II》は彼の代名詞である火薬を用いた野外プロジェクトの設計図です。同心円状に火薬を爆発させるその瞬間を、実際に紙の上で火薬を燃やした痕跡よって描き出しました。火薬の質感や屏風仕立ての横長の画面により、広い視界で風景を見ているようなスペクタクルな効果が生まれ、絵画としても高い完成度を備えています。
その周囲には、1990年代の多様な絵画の展開に道を開いた1980年代の具象絵画を展示します。陶皿を貼り付けて絵画面の在り方を模索したジュリアン・シュナーベル、現代における歴史画を打ち立てたアンゼルム・キーファー、マルチパネルによりアメリカ郊外を描写したエリッ
ク・フィッシェルの作品も併せてご覧ください。
基金終了後から現在まで、約1900点の作品がコレクションに加わり、対象地域も大きく広がりました。現代美術の示す領域や枠組みを問い直しつつ、コレクションを拡張する試みはこれからも続きます。
The fund’s overseas collection of works had placed a great deal of weight on Europe and theUnited States. There were only three works from other regions, two of which were by Chinese artist
CAI Guo-Qiang. Cai had been living Japan for quite some time up until the year in which the fundacquired his work for its collection, and having worked on projects in Iwaki, as well as being
selected for the exhibition “Art in Japan Today” held in commemoration of the museum’s opening,
he was an artist who occupied a unique position in Japan.
		 His early representative work, Fetus Movement II: Project for Extraterrestrials No.9, is a blueprint for his signature outdoor project using gunpowder. The moment when the gunpowder
explodes concentrically is depicted by the traces of actually burning the gunpowder on paper. The
texture of the gunpowder and the horizontally long picture plane consisting of a folding screen
creates a spectacular effect, that while making viewers feel as if they are looking at a panoramic
landscape, reflects a high degree of perfection as a painting.
		 Presented in its surroundings is a selection of painted figurative works from the 1980s thatpaved the way for the diverse and eclectic developments in paintings since the 1990s. Viewers arealso invited to engage with the works of Julian SCHNABEL who explored the nature andpossibilities of the picture plane through paintings set on ceramic plates, and Anselm KIEFER whoestablished his own interpretation of historical painting in the contemporary era, and Eric FISCHL
known for his multi-paneled depictions of American suburbia.
		 Approximately 1900 works have been added to the collection since the end of the fund to thepresent, and the target area has expanded significantly. MOT’s endeavor to expand its collection
continues, while re-examining the realms and frameworks of contemporary art.

1943年 都政施行により東京都美術館に改称
The museum changed its name to Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum due to theTokyo Metropolis being formed by the merger of Tokyo Prefecture and the cityof Tokyo.
1962年 最初の所蔵作品展「日本洋画壇の流れ」
を開催
The museum’s first collection exhibition “The History of Japanese Western-style
Painters” is held.
●1975年

東京都美術館 新館が開館〈学芸員の着任／作品収集活動・企画展の本格化〉
The New Building of the Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum opens〈 Collection activities and hosting of exhibitions by curators 〉

1988年 「東京都美術資料取得基金」を設置（1996年まで）〈現代美術館独自の収集開始〉
The fund for the collection of the Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo was established (active until 1996)〈 Works started to be collected specifically towards the opening of the Museum ofContemporary Art Tokyo 〉

1994年 東京都美術館の収蔵品を東京都現代美術館に移管
The collection of the Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum is transferred to theMuseum of Contemporary Art Tokyo●1995年 東京都現代美術館が開館〈常設展示室の設置〉
Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo Opens〈Galleries for exhibiting the museum’s permanent collection are established 〉

2019年 約3年の大規模改修工事を経て東京都現代美術館がリニューアル・オープン
Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo celebrated its Grand Reopening after being
closed for almost three years for large-scale renovation work.

［執筆］水田有子（第1部）、森千花（第2部）［翻訳］ベンジャー桂［写真］大谷一郎（1-4,1-5,1-7）、椎木静寧（2-4）［デザイン］川村格夫［編集・発行］東京都現代美術館 2020

© Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo 2020