Introduction
Promotion of sustainability is one of the great challenges facing humankind. Since the building industry started
to move toward the promotion of sustainable building in the latter half of the 1980s, various techniques toevaluate the environmental performance of buildings have been developed, including BREEAM (Building
Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method) in the United Kingdom, LEED TM (Leadership in
Energy and Environment Design) in the United States, and the international GB Tool (Green Building Tool).
Architectural sustainability is now attracting a great deal of attention.
In Japan, a joint industrial/government/academic project was initiated with the support of the Housing Bureau,
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT), in April 2001, which led to the establishment of a neworganization, the Japan Sustainable Building Consortium (JSBC), with its secretariat administered by theInstitute for Building Environment and Energy Conservation. JSBC and a subcommittee under it are together
working on R&D of the Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency (CASBEE).
CASBEE is a building assessment system unique to Japan for its introduction of an innovative concept: itevaluates a building from the two viewpoints of environmental quality and performance (Q = quality) andenvironmental load on the external environment (L = load) when evaluating the environmental performance ofthe building and defines a new comprehensive assessment index, the Building Environmental Efficiency (BEE),
by Q/L. Today, the enhancement and diffusion of CASBEE are being promoted under the MLIT Environmental
Action Plan (June 2004) and the Kyoto Protocol Target Achievement Plan (approved by the Cabinet on April 28,2005).
Some 500,000 independent houses are newly constructed every year, and it is said that the energy consumed
by this detached housing stock throughout Japan accounts for about half the energy consumed by all residential
units. The promotion of environmental measures targeted at these detached houses will help to greatly improvethe environmental performance of residential life in the entire country. The major development target of CASBEE
for Home (Detached House) is to disseminate such high-quality housing stock throughout Japan.
We hope that CASBEE for Home (Detached House) will be widely utilized and make a major contribution to
the promotion of sustainable building in Japan.
Shuzo Murakami, Chairman
Japan GreenBuild Council (JaGBC) / Japan Sustainable Building Consortium (JSBC)CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Promotion of CASBEE for Home (Detached House)
Shuzo Murakami, Keio University

1

Individual and Social Aspects of Housing

Housing has two characteristics; namely, the individual aspect and the social aspect. The former refers to theownership or use of a house by an individual that provides a decent basis for the individual's life, while the latter
refers to the house's contribution to the formation of the local environment as one of the constituents of society,and its inheritance through the generations as a social asset. For example, a house owned by an individual islegally required to be earthquake-resistant despite its personal nature. This is a good example of the social
aspect of housing.
A new problem has emerged concerning the design, construction, and use of housing. This is the problem of
the global environment. A large amount of resources is consumed when a house is constructed. A house also
consumes a large amount of energy when used after its construction. We must therefore study the performanceof houses during the design and construction stages and build houses that are of high quality and have a lower
environmental load. This is our obligation as people living in this era of the global environment. CASBEE for
Home (Detached House) was developed in response to these circumstances.

2

Benefits Obtained from CASBEE Assessment"What are the advantages for us if we evaluate a house by CASBEE?" This is one of the questions we areoften asked. The answer to this is that you can obtain both individual benefits and social benefits.
Let me explain the social benefits first. CASBEE evaluates environmental load from various viewpoints. Now
that serious discussions are going on about the future of humankind, which is threatened by advancing global
warming, those who build houses are obligated to try to reduce their environmental load. The use of CASBEE toevaluate housing is a very effective means of doing so. If many people use CASBEE for evaluation of theirhousing, it will enable society as a whole to greatly reduce the burden on the global environment.
CASBEE also assesses the environmental quality of housing from various standpoints, which serves toimprove its performance. Housing builders are obliged to construct good houses, maintain them as a social
asset, and hand them down to their descendants.
Next, let's look at the individual benefits.
If a house is evaluated by CASBEE during its design stage, its objective and specific performance related toenvironmental quality or load will be revealed. The results will improve the design plan. In other words, CASBEE
serves as a communication tool between the ordering party and the architect, and also as a design support tool.
If a house is evaluated by CASBEE after completion of its design, it will be automatically rated based on theevaluation results, and the house owner will therefore be able to understand the quality and environmental loadof his or her own house. Eventually, the owner will be able to learn where his or her house stands among manyother houses in terms of environmental performance. This, in turn, will assist housing owners in developing theirlifestyle plans after occupation of their residence.
Evaluation of your house by CASBEE will also improve its asset value. This is because the real estate market
will value houses whose performance is clearly revealed more highly than those whose performance is not.
As described above, evaluation by CASBEE brings about both social and individual benefits. What is importantis to construct houses that become good social assets and hand them down to posterity. Evaluation and rating of
the performance of houses, publication of the evaluation results, and their dissemination in society will be ofgreat assistance in realizing this purpose. Publication of this information will give the whole of society an
incentive to further promote energy saving. As a consequence, accumulation of the evaluation results of
CASBEE will undoubtedly be a great social asset.

3

Obligation of Citizens to Foster Housing Development
as a Social Asset and Utilization of CASBEE

The construction of houses that serve as good social assets is an obligation of all citizens. Various measures
have already been implemented to fulfill this responsibility. One representative measure is the enactment of theBuilding Standards Act. This act stipulates earthquake-resistance standards for housing units in the case of anearthquake disaster and ventilation performance standards with respect to sick building syndrome. It is a legal
obligation to comply with these performance standards; that is to say, all citizens must observe them when theybuild a house.
The use of CASBEE is voluntary by nature. But many local governments have recently decided to require theuse of CASBEE for evaluation as part of the building permit application procedure when the building to beconstructed is large in scale. This can be considered to be a clear expression of the strong conviction ofadministrative authorities and citizens alike that owners or builders of large-scale buildings must take theinitiative in reducing their impact on the global environment and in facilitating the accumulation of good building
assets. As global environmental problems are now becoming more serious, we believe that it is time to move tothe next step where all buildings, regardless of size and including residential housing, are evaluated by CASBEE
to help reduce their environmental impact.
CASBEE for Home (Detached House) is here to stay.

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Contents
Part I What is CASBEE for Home (Detached House)? ………………………………………………………………1
1. Outline of CASBEE for Home (Detached House) ……………………………………………………………………3
1.1 What is CASBEE?
1.2 Objective of CASBEE for Home (Detached House)
1.3 What is Evaluated
1.4 Basic Philosophy of Assessment
1.5 Points to Note about Publication of Assessment Results
1.6 Future Schedule
2. Assessment of CASBEE for Home (Detached House) ……………………………………………………………5
2.1 Basic Structure of Assessment
2.2 Assessment Items
2.3 Point Allocation (Weighting) Policy
2.4 Relationship with Existing Systems
3. How to Use CASBEE for Home (Detached House) ………………………………………………………………14
3.1 Who Will Find the System Useful
3.2 How to Utilize the System
3.3 Rules for Presentation of Assessment Results

Part II Assessment Method of CASBEE for Home (Detached House) …………………………………………17
1. Basic Policy of Assessment …………………………………………………………………………………………19
2. Assessment Method …………………………………………………………………………………………………20
2.1 Assessment Procedure
2.2 Assessment Technique Using the Software(1) Overview of the Software(2) Entry of data in the "Main" sheet(3) Entry of data in the sheets from "Q1 ratings" to "LR3 ratings"(4) Entries in the “Considerations” sheet(5) How to read the “Results” sheet(6) How to read the "Scores" sheet(7) "CO2 calculation" sheet
2.3 Assessment Method by Manual Calculation - Scoring Method of CASBEE for Home (Detached House)
3. Scoring criteria …………………………………………………………………………………………………………35
3.1 List of Scoring Criteria
3.2 How to Read the Scoring Criteria
3.3 Rating Criteria
QH1 Comfortable, Healthy and Safe Indoor Environment …………………………………………………………40
QH2 Ensuring a Long Service Life…
……………………………………………………………………………………54
QH3 Creating a Richer Townscape and Ecosystem ………………………………………………………………74
LRH1 Conserving Energy and Water ………………………………………………………………………………88
LRH2 Using Resources Sparingly and Reducing Waste …………………………………………………………116
LRH3 Consideration of the Global, Local, and Surrounding Environment ……………………………………138

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents ……………155
1. Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) …………………………………………………………157
1.1 Measures for Promotion of Sustainability
1.2 Overview of CASBEE and Positioning of CASBEE for Home (Detached House)
1.3 Background of CASBEE Development(1) Historical view of environmental efficiency assessment(2) Shifting from eco-efficiency to building environmental efficiency (BEE)1.4 Mechanism of Assessment by CASBEE for Home (Detached House)(1) Two fields of assessment: QH and LH(2) Assessment subjects of CASBEE for Home (Detached House)(3) Environmental labeling based on building environmental efficiency (BEEH)
1.5 Basic Concept of Range of Assessment by CASBEE for Home (Detached House)
1.6 Utilization of CASBEE for Home (Detached House)
1.7 Compliance with ISO/TS 21931-1
2. Life Cycle CO2…………………………………………………………………………………………………………167
2.1 What is Life Cycle CO2?
2.2 Basic Policy for Life Cycle CO2 Evaluation in CASBEE for Home (Detached House)
2.3 Assessment Method(1) Overview(2) CO2 emissions in the "Construction" and "Repair, Renewal, and Demolition" stages(3) CO2 emissions in the "Occupancy" stage(4) Conversion from life cycle CO2 emission to score of LRH3.1(5) "CO2 calculation" and "CO2 data" sheets of the assessment software
2.4 Supplementary Information on Assessment Method(1) Calculation conditions for "Construction" and "Repair, Renewal, and Demolition"(2) Calculation conditions for "Occupancy"
2.5 Standard Calculation and Calculation according to the Regional Power Company
2.6 Important Points to Note
3. Reference Information ………………………………………………………………………………………………183
3.1 List of Reference Information
3.2 Reference Materials for Assessment
Reference 1: Appendix 1 of the "Judgment Criteria for Building Owners for Energy Efficiency Standards"
Reference 2: Appendix 2 of the "Judgment Criteria for Building Owners for Energy Efficiency Standards"
Reference 3: Extract from the "Basic Policy for the Promotion of Procurement of Eco-Friendly Goods andServices" (determined by the Cabinet after partial revision on February 2, 2007)
Reference 4: "Standard Model House" for Life Cycle CO2 Assessment
4. Results of Case Studies ……………………………………………………………………………………………208
Afterword …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………261
Project Organization ……………………………………………………………………………………………………263

Part I
What is CASBEE for Home (Detached House) ?

Part I What is CASBEE for Home (Detached House) ?

1

Outline of CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

1.1 What is CASBEE?
CASBEE (the Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency) is a system forevaluating and ranking buildings in terms of their environmental performance. CASBEE was developed by acommittee set up in the Institute for Building Environment and Energy Conservation (IBEC) under the initiative of
the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT) in 2001. Since 2002, a series comprising various
categories of CASBEE has been sequentially developed including CASBEE for New Construction, CASBEE for
Existing Building, CASBEE for Renovation, and CASBEE for HI (Heat Island) as office building evaluation
systems, as well as CASBEE for Urban Development as a building evaluation system. As part of this series, we
decided to develop CASBEE for Home (Detached House).
Other countries, particularly in Europe and North America, are also promoting such environmental
performance assessment systems, including BREEAM and Eco-Homes in the United Kingdom and LEED in the
United States. Japan is disseminating CASBEE in line with this movement.

1.2 Objective of CASBEE for Home (Detached House)
Detached houses account for about half of all housing units in Japan. Some 500,000 houses are constructed
every year. If these residences provide a good living environment, can be used for a long time, and are designed
to save energy and resources, this will greatly reduce the environmental load and improve the quality of living in
the entire country. The major objective of CASBEE for Home (Detached House) is to increase such superior
housing stock throughout Japan.

1.3 What is Evaluated
CASBEE for Home (Detached House) evaluates the general environmental performance of detached houses
from two viewpoints: the environmental quality of the house itself (symbolized by "Q" for quality) and theenvironmental load imposed by the house on the external environment (symbolized by "L" for load). Q and Leach have three assessment categories, and specific efforts are evaluated under each of these categories.
Evaluation of the level of environmental quality (Q)Q1 Comfortable, Healthy and Safe Indoor Environment
Q2 Ensuring a Long Service Life
Q3 Creating a Richer Townscape and Ecosystem
Evaluation of efforts to reduce the environmental load (L) by load reduction (LR)
LR1 Conserving Energy and Water
LR2 Using Resources Sparingly and Reducing Waste
LR3 Consideration of the Global, Local, and Surrounding Environment
Hence, the type of house that will receive a high score in the CASBEE for Home (Detached House) evaluationis one that is comfortable, healthy, and safe (Q1), can be used for a long time (Q2), conserves energy and water(LR1), incorporates efforts to reduce the environmental load including efforts to minimize waste during
construction and dismantling (LR2), and contributes to the formation of a better environment (Q3, LR3).

1.4 Basic Philosophy of Assessment
CASBEE for Home (Detached House) makes a comprehensive assessment of the environment-related
performance of detached houses. It will therefore give a higher score to a house constructed so that various
factors in relevant fields are well balanced in its design than to a house designed for a specific purpose. In noway does it reject efforts focused on a specific aspect, but greater emphasis is placed on raising the basic levelof efforts in the entire environmental field; specialization can come later.
CASBEE for Home (Detached House) covers not only the building itself but also the external area, theequipment brought in by the occupants, the provision of information from the building suppliers to the occupants,
and actions taken during the member production stage and at the construction site. These include items that

3Part ICASBEE for Home (Detached House)building suppliers find it difficult to be directly involved in, but that have been selected as items to be assessed
based on the judgment that they have an appreciable effect on the environment.

1.5 Points to Note about Publication of Assessment Results
CASBEE for Home (Detached House) can evaluate a house based on assumed conditions even though thehouse is at a stage in which not all of the assessment conditions have been established, such as at the initialdesign stage. It is logical that the final results of the assessment may turn out to be different from such tentative
results. Therefore, it is important to provide accurate information on at what stage or under what conditions thehouse was evaluated in addition to the assessment results when the results are presented to a third party. It isalso important for the parties that receive the results to fully understand these points. For details, see Part I, 3.3,
"Rules for Presentation of Assessment Results."

1.6 Future Schedule
Since CASBEE for Home (Detached House) was developed primarily for the purpose of evaluating newly built
detached houses, it may not be appropriate for other types of residences such as existing houses or duplex
houses. As part of our ongoing efforts to establish the full series of CASBEE for Home, we are studying thedevelopment of an additional version of CASBEE for Home that takes these points, as well as collective housing,
into consideration.
We also plan to refine the CASBEE Accredited Professional Registration System* already put in place for the
existing CASBEE series. In view of the fact that CASBEE for Home (Detached House) is for the assessment of
detached houses, we plan to set up a system that covers second-class architects and wooden-housingarchitects in addition to first-class architects.

* CASBEE Accredited Professional Registration System
Although CASBEE is aimed at making assessments that are as quantitative as possible, some assessment items are
qualitative by nature. Specialists are therefore required who have the knowledge and techniques necessary for thecomprehensive environmental performance assessment of buildings. The CASBEE Accredited Professional Registration System
was developed and introduced with this as a background. The system is currently operated by IBEC.

1

4

Part I What is CASBEE for Home (Detached House) ?

2

Assessment of CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

2.1 Basic Structure of Assessment① Scoring by the item
As explained in the preceding section, CASBEE for Home (Detached House) assesses the comprehensive
environmental performance of detached houses from two viewpoints: environmental quality (Q) andenvironmental load (L). Each of Q and L has three assessment categories ("major items"), each of which in turnis subdivided into one to three stages ("medium-level item," "minor item," and "detailed item," respectively). A
total of 54 assessment items allocated to these categories are evaluated by a scoring policy that assigns amaximum of five points down to one point, called scoring items. Each result is summed up for each subdivision
to identify which efforts in which category are excellent or poor. Examples of the results provided by the
dedicated software are shown in Figs. 1.1 and 1.2 (See Part II, 2., "Assessment Method," for descriptions of how
to use the software and read the results).

Fig. 1.1 Example of comparison of scoring results by medium-level items (window displayed by the software)

Fig. 1.2 Example of comparison of scoring results by major items (window displayed by the software)

5Part ICASBEE for Home (Detached House)② Calculation of Building Environmental Efficiency (BEE)
The scoring results are further summed up for each of Q and L, and the summation results are finallyconverted to points in the range of 1 to 100. CASBEE is designed so that a house that has a higher Q (numberof points scored in Q) and a lower L (number of points scored in L) will receive a better evaluation. This
relationship is evaluated by means of the following index of environmental efficiency (BEE value):
Index of environmental efficiency in CASBEE for Home
(Detached House):
BEE = QH/LH
BEEH:
Q H:
LH:

* The affix "H" attached to "BEE", "Q", and"L" is an abbreviation for "Home" andindicates the assessment results of the
CASBEE for Home series.

Building Environmental Efficiency
Building Environmental Quality
Building Environmental Load

The scope of evaluation for the assessment of QH and LH is defined as shown in Fig. 1.3.

Demarcation for Q and L
assessment

BEEH =QH (environmental quality)
LH (environmental load)

1
Virtual boundary* Demarcation for QH and LH
assessment
Fig. 1.3 Scope of evaluation for QH and LH

The BEE value thus calculated is expressed as a point on a straight line passing the reference point in acoordinate axis with a slope of QH/LH when QH and LH are plotted on the vertical axis and horizontal axis,
respectively (Fig. 1.4 shows an example where BEEH = 87/23 = 3.7).

Fig. 1.4 Example of ranking based on BEEH

6

Part I What is CASBEE for Home (Detached House) ?

③ Ranking based on BEE value
Detached houses are assessed in five ranks according to the BEE value: S, A, B+, B-, and C. Each rank isexpressed by the dedicated software in terms of a number of star symbols for quicker understanding,corresponding to the descriptions of the assessments listed in Table 1.1. Although each rank is basicallydetermined by the slope of the BEE value, a preliminary judgment line (less than 50 points) is established for the
QH score in the case of the S rank alone. Figure 1.4 shows BEEH = 3.7, which means that the rank is S.

Table 1.1 Correspondence between assessment and BEE value-based ranking
Rank

Assessment

BEE value

Ranking in number of stars

S

Excellent

BEEH = 3.0 or higher

★★★★★

A

Very good

BEEH = 1.5 or higher but less than 3.0

★★★★

B+

Good

BEEH = 1.0 or higher but less than 1.5

★★★

B-

Fairly poor

BEEH = 0.5 or higher but less than 1.0

★★

C

Poor

BEEH = less than 0.5★

One of the characteristics of assessment based on the BEE value is the correlation between theenvironmental quality (Q) and environmental load (L) integrated in the assessment scheme. In other words, if Q
is doubled and L is halved, the BEE value will be quadrupled.
For example, assuming that the environmental load is reduced by reducing heating or cooling energy, if thismeans that the occupants have to withstand cold or hot temperatures, it will represent a decrease inenvironmental quality. A good assessment will not then be achieved. On the other hand, if energy consumption
is successfully reduced without reducing the level of comfort, or the level of comfort is increased without
increasing energy consumption, a higher evaluation will be given. Achieving both a reduction in energy
consumption and an improvement in the level of comfort will result in the highest evaluation. This is how
assessment based on the BEE ratings works.
④ Calculation of life cycle CO 2
In addition to the BEEH value, CASBEE for Home (Detached House) allows the life cycle CO 2 emissions to be
calculated as the performance of a house for global warming prevention when the assessment items are scored.
This function is designed to calculate life cycle CO 2 emissions based on the scoring results related to the service
life or energy-saving features of the house. The result is shown, as a guideline, in the form of a ratio to the levelof CO 2 emissions of an ordinary detached house.
⑤ Scoring criteria
As described in ② above, CASBEE scores QH and LH separately and uses the results of these scores toassess the BEEH value of the house as an index. In this characteristic process, LH is first assessed as LRH (loadreduction). This is because of the evaluation policy that it is easier to understand the scoring results of theassessment system if a higher evaluation is given to "improving both QH and LRH" as opposed to "improving QH
and reducing LH." Based on this concept, assessment items that constitute QH and LRH are each evaluated on ascale of 1 to 5 depending on the level of effort, and an assessed house that achieves higher levels is given ahigher score (there are items where the levels are divided into two, three, or four).
The scoring criteria are described below.
● Levels were set so that a typical detached house as currently constructed in Japan will be evaluated as
Level 3.
● There are, however, particular efforts or actions for which a judgment has been made that their diffusion will
be promoted in the future, and even though their implementation will require more than the standard efforts
at present, achievement of some of these efforts or actions has been set at Level 3.
● If meeting the provisions of the Building Standards Act is in the scoring criteria, this compliance line was set
to the lowest level in the selectable range (that is, if the range of Levels 2 to 5 is the selectable range forscoring, Level 2 is the lowest score). It was decided not to set any level below that because any subject
building failing to achieve the lowest level would be in violation of the Act.
● Likewise, for the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards, the scoring levels were allocated to thegrades so that a typical detached house is evaluated as Level 3.
Therefore, a typical house is assigned Level 3 for almost all of its assessment items and a value ofapproximately 1 for its BEEH. Given this policy, any rise in the average level of Japanese detached houses in the

7

Part ICASBEE for Home (Detached House)future will require stricter CASBEE assessment criteria.
Note: In the case of efforts or actions for which a judgment has been made that their diffusion will be promoted in the future,some were set to Level 3 although they are not efforts or actions generally implemented at the present time.

After determining the assessment levels up to the acquisition of BEEH, calculations can be easily performed by
the assessment software. Figure 1.5 shows an example of a window displaying the results of assessment by thesoftware.

1

Fig. 1.5 Example of window displaying results of assessment by the software

2.2 Assessment Items
QH and LRH are each composed of three major items.
QH1 deals with judgments related to "making the indoor environment comfortable, healthy, and safe," andassesses "heating and cooling," "health, safety, and security," "brightness," and "quietness."
QH2 deals with judgments related to "ensuring a long service life," and assesses "basic life performance,""maintenance," and "functionality."
Q H3 deals with judgments related to "creating a richer townscape and ecosystem," and assesses"consideration of the cityscape and landscape," "creating the biological environment," "safety and security of theregion," and "utilizing regional resources and inheriting the regional housing culture."
LRH1 deals with judgments related to "conserving energy and water," and assesses "energy saving throughbuilding innovation," "energy saving through equipment performance," "water conservation," and "well-informed
maintenance and operation schemes."
LR H2 deals with judgments related to "using resources sparingly and reducing waste," and assesses"introduction of materials useful for resource saving and waste prevention," "reduction of waste in the production

8

Part I What is CASBEE for Home (Detached House) ?

and construction stages," and "promotion of recycling."
LRH3 deals with judgments related to "consideration of the global, local, and surrounding environment," andassesses "consideration of global warming," "consideration of the local environment," and "consideration of thesurrounding environment."
The assessment items are listed below in Table 1.2.

Table 1.2 List of assessment items for CASBEE for Home (Detached House)* Values in angle brackets <> indicate weighting coefficients. See Part I, 2.3, "Point Allocation (Weighting) Policy," for details.

QH1 Comfortable, Healthy and Safe Indoor Environment
Minor items

Medium-level items

1.1 Basic performance

Detailed items<0.50>

1.1.1 Ensuring thermal insulation andairtightness performance

1. Heating andCooling<0.50><0.65>

1.1.2 Sunlight adjustment capability <0.35>
1.2.1 Allowing breezes in and heat out
1.2 Preventing summer heat

<0.25>

1.3 Preventing winter cold

<0.25><0.50>
1.2.2 Proper planning for cooling<0.50>

1.3.1 Proper planning for heating<->

2.1 Countermeasures against chemical
2. Health, Safety,

contaminants

and Security <0.30>

2.2 Proper planning for ventilation <0.33>

3. Brightness<0.10><0.33>

2.3 Precautions against crime<0.33>

3.1 Use of daylight<1.00>

4. Quietness <0.10>
QH2 Ensuring a Long Service Life
Medium-level items

1. Basic Life

Minor items

Detailed items

1.1 Building frames<0.30>

1.2 Exterior wall materials<0.10>

1.3 Roof materials/flat roof

<0.10>

1.4 Resistance against natural disasters

Performance <0.50><0.30>
1.5.1 Fire-resistant structure (excluding
1.5 Fire preparedness

2. Maintenance<0.25>
3. Functionality<0.25>

2.1 Ease of maintenance<0.20>

openings)<0.65>

1.5.2 Early detection of fire

<0.35><0.65>

2.2 Maintenance system<0.35>

3.1 Size and layout of rooms<0.50>

3.2 Barrier-free design<0.50>

QH3 Creating a Richer Townscape and Ecosystem
Medium-level items

Minor items

Detailed items

1. Consideration of
the Townscape andLandscape <0.30>
2. Creating the

2.1 Greening of the premises<0.65>

Biological
Environment <0.30>

2.2 Ensuring the biological habitat <0.35>

3. Safety andSecurity of theRegion<0.20>

4. Utilizing Regional
Resources andInheriting theRegional Housing
Culture<0.20>

9

Part ICASBEE for Home (Detached House)

LRH1 Conserving Energy and Water
1. Energy Saving

1.1 Control of thermal load of building

through Building
Innovation<0.35>

2. Energy Saving
through Equipment

Detailed items

Minor items

Medium-level items<0.50>
1.2 Natural energy use<0.50>

2.1 Air-conditioning systems<0.27>

Performance<0.40>
2.2 Hot-water equipment<0.37>

2.1.1 Heating system<0.80>

2.1.2 Cooling system<0.20>

2.2.1 Hot-water supply equipment<0.80>

2.2.2 Heat insulation of bathtub<0.10>

2.2.3 Hot-water plumbing<0.10>

2.5.1 Home cogeneration system<1.00>

2.3 Lighting fixtures, home electric
appliances, and kitchen equipment<0.25>
2.4 Ventilation system<0.05>

2.5 Highly energy-efficient equipment<0.06>
3. Water

3.1 Water-saving systems<0.75>

Conservation<0.15>

3.2 Rainwater use<0.25>

4. Well-Informed
Maintenance andOperation Schemes

2.5.2 Solar power generation system

4.1 Presentation of lifestyle advice <0.50>
4.2 Management and control of energy<0.10><0.50>

LRH2 Using Resources Sparingly and Reducing Waste
Detailed items

Minor items

Medium-level items

1.1.1 Wooden house
1. Introduction ofMaterials Useful for

1

Resource Saving
and Waste
Prevention<0.60>

1.1 Building frames<0.30><->

1.1.3 Concrete house<->

1.2 Ground-reinforcing materials,
foundation work, and foundations <0.20>
1.3 Exterior materials<0.20>

1.4 Interior materials<0.20>

1.5 Materials for the external area <0.10>
2. Reduction of

2.1 Production stage (members for

Waste in thebuilding frames)

Production and

2.2 Production stage (members other thanConstruction Stages

those for building frames)<0.33>

2.3 Construction stage<0.33><0.30><0.33>

3. Promotion of

3.1 Provision of information on materials

Recyclingused<0.10><->

LRH3 Consideration of the Global, Local, and Surrounding Environment
Detailed items

Minor items

Medium-level items
1. Consideration of
Global Warming<0.33>
2. Consideration of

2.1 Control of the burden on the local

the Local

infrastructure

Environment

2.2 Preservation of the existing natural<0.33>

environment<0.50><0.50>

3.1 Reduction of noise, vibration, exhaust,
3. Consideration ofand exhaust heat

the Surrounding

3.2 Improvement of the thermal

Environment <0.33>

environment of the surrounding area

<0.50><0.50>

10<->

1.1.2 Steel-frame housePart I What is CASBEE for Home (Detached House) ?

The environmental performance of a house may not necessarily be evaluated in a quantitative manner. Thereare evaluation items in CASBEE for Home (Detached House) such as thermal insulation performance or seismic
resistance that need to be numerically calculated, while others are designed to assess the number ofenvironmental friendly measures taken. It should also be noted that not all of these are intended for evaluation ofenvironmental performance. In particular, CASBEE for Home (Detached House) does not evaluate the following
points in principle:● Aesthetics

Although it is important for a house to have an attractive exterior and interior appearance, it is difficult to makean objective evaluation of "beauty." This aspect is therefore excluded. QH3.1, "Consideration of the Townscapeand Landscape," which appears to be similar to this subjective evaluation item, in fact only deals withrequirements that can be comparatively evaluated in an objective manner.
● Costs

High expenditures in order for a house to obtain a higher score in CASBEE (by the introduction of various
measures) may sometimes be an unavoidable outcome, and this would surely be one of the important factors ina practical sense. However, it has been decided that assessment of costs should be left for the individuals
concerned to judge, and costs have therefore been excluded from consideration in CASBEE.
● Individual lifestyles or preferences

Detached houses are often designed to match the occupants' lifestyle or preferences, so as to satisfy theoccupants' wishes in these areas when so completed. However, this element is basically up to the individual's
subjective feelings and defies objective judgment, so it is excluded from consideration in CASBEE.
Nevertheless, some items that are considered to have a large impact on the building's environmental
performance and allow for relatively clear-cut evaluation are included in the subjects of evaluation (Example:
QH2.3.1, "Size and layout of rooms").

2.3 Point Allocation (Weighting) Policy"Weighting coefficients" are used in the scoring of houses in CASBEE for Home (Detached House) byconsidering the relative importance of the assessment items. The weighting coefficients among major items(QH1, QH2, QH3, LRH1, LRH2, and LRH3) were determined based on the results of calculations using the analytic
hierarchy process (AHP)*, a statistical technique. The values used this version are <Q H1:Q H2:Q H3 =0.45:0.30:0.25> and <LRH1:LRH2:LRH3 = 0.35:0.35:0.30>. On the other hand, the weighting coefficients for
medium-level, minor, and scoring items under each major item were determined based on the results ofdiscussions by specialists. The weighting coefficient for each item is shown in angle brackets in Table 1.2.
The weighting coefficients incorporate scientific findings as well as the judgments of various stakeholders
including owners, housing suppliers, and administrative authorities based on their sense of values. Since thesesenses of values may change according to the situation, it is considered necessary to reexamine the weighting
coefficients whenever this is judged to be appropriate.
* Weighting coefficients were determined based on the statistically processed results of questionnaires sent to stakeholders of
CASBEE for Home (Detached House), including owners, housing suppliers, administrative officials, and scholars, regarding
the relative importance of major items. The weighting coefficients resulting from this method reflect the differences in sensesof values among individuals in their own capacity.

2.4 Relationship with Existing Systems
Detached houses are already covered by certification systems including the Japan Housing Performance
Indication System and the Authorization System of Environmentally Symbiotic Housing in Japan (IBEC), as wellas environmentally friendly design techniques such as the Design Guideline for Low-Energy Housing with
Validated Effectiveness (IBEC).
With CASBEE for Home (Detached House), we have refined a simple assessment method that poses the leastburden on assessors by using these already known and introduced systems and techniques. Particular attention
has been paid to ensuring consistency between CASBEE for Home (Detached House) and these existing
systems, and to avoiding the creation of a "double-standard" situation.

11

Part ICASBEE for Home (Detached House)

QH2: Ensuring aLong Service
Life

QH3: Creating a
RicherTownscape andEcosystem

BEEH
LH: Environmental Load
LRH1:
Conserving
Energy andWater

LRH2: Using
Resources
Sparingly andReducing Waste

LRH3:Consideration of
the Global, Local,
and Surrounding
Environment

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Sophisticated and unique proposals

Japan Housing Performance Indication
Standards

QH1: Comfortable,
Healthy, and Safe
IndoorEnvironment

The Authorization System of Environmentally
Symbiotic Housing in Japan

QH: Environmental Quality

Fig. 1.6 Scope of assessment of CASBEE for Home (Detached House) and existing systems

Table 1.3 Relationship between CASBEE for Home (Detached House) and existing systems (as of September
2007)

1
Outline

12

CASBEE for Home
(Detached House)

Japan Housing Performance
Indication System

The Authorization System ofEnvironmentally Symbiotic
Housing in Japan

Comprehensive assessment of
detached houses(1) Viewpoint: Necessity of
responding to environmental issues(social issues) including global
warming(2) Assessment subjects:
Environmental quality (Q) andenvironmental load reduction (LR)(3) Presentation: Presentation of theassessment results in five grades(rankings) for each category in aradar chart, etc. and calculation of
Building Environmental Efficiency(BEE)

Assessment of houses(1) Viewpoint: Necessity ofpromoting housing quality andprotecting purchasers’ benefits(2) Assessment subjects:
Performance of housing (including
structural safety, fire safety, etc. but
excluding environmental loadoutside the building)(3) Presentation: Presentation of theassessment results by grades orvalues for each performance item bymeans of housing performanceassessment reports with a special
signature on the front page

Comprehensive assessment ofhouses(1) Viewpoint: Necessity ofpreserving the global environment(2) Assessment subjects:“Preservation of the global
environment,” “friendliness with thesurrounding environment,” and“health and comfort of the living
environment”(3) Presentation: Presentation of theassessment results for housing andits surrounding environment
incorporated in a well-balancedmanner in two stages: essentialconditions and proposal- Benchmark to emphasize theadvantage of high environmental
performance to consumers andsociety- Evaluation indicator used whenadministrative regulatory initiatives
are to be provided focusing on thecomprehensive environmental
performance of houses or on
Objectives
financial incentives or preferential
treatment in order to promote
environmentally friendly houses- Acquisition of reliability in housing - Clarification and diffusion of
performance by third-party
standards for environmentallyassessments including fieldsymbiotic houses
inspections during construction- Certification of houses that satisfy
and upon completion
the basic requirements and for- Measure enabling consumers towhich sophisticated environmental
select houses based on
actions or unique measures arecomparison of individual
implemented
performances before concluding
the purchase contract- Evaluation indicator used whenadministrative regulatory initiatives
are to be provided focusing on
specific individual performances oron preferential treatment in termsof finance or insurance in order toimprove the quality of houses- Five-stage assessment for each
assessment item (with Level 3 as
the general standard); integrationof the assessment results bymeans of weighting coefficients- Calculation of BEE (Building- Assessment results of houses for- Certification of houses that satisfy
each performance indication itemthe essential requirements ofin grades (with Grade 1 as the“energy saving,” “sophisticated andBuilding Standards Act complianceeffective use of resources,” “local
level) and values
compatibility and environmental- Assessment in two stages based
friendliness,” and “health, comfort,

Part I What is CASBEE for Home (Detached House) ?

Assessment
methods

Environmental Efficiency) in termsof Q (environmental quality) andLR (environmental load reduction),and evaluation of the results in fivegrades (S, A, B+, B-, and C)

on the assessment of design
documents (design housing
performance assessment) and theassessment of field inspections
during construction and uponcompletion (construction housing
performance assessment)

safety, and security” asprerequisites and, in addition,
implement proposals judged to behighly sophisticated and unique in
two or more patterns- Proposal requirements comprising
innovativeness of ideas anddesigns resulting from free
thinking; no restrictive criteria- At the current time, self- A statutory third-party institution
assessment is the basic rule. The
that conducts evaluation services
CASBEE Accredited Professional
is available to ensure performance
Registration System (training →reliability, but self-assessment is
examination → registration) is toalso permitted.
be established in the future toensure reliability and transparency.

- A fair and independent third-party
organization (Environmentally
Symbiotic Housing Certification
Committee) conducts evaluations,and IBEC provides certification.

13

Part I
3

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

How to Use CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

3.1 Who Will Find the System Useful
Expected users of CASBEE for Home (Detached House) include owners of houses, house purchasers, housearchitects, house suppliers, local governments, NPOs, and financial institutions.

3.2 How to Utilize the System
Environmental factors related to detached houses can be perceived and tackled in a variety of ways. It is noeasy matter to share senses of values among the stakeholders listed above. This has made it difficult to realize
appropriate environmentally conscious design of detached houses and prevented the diffusion ofenvironmentally conscious houses.
CASBEE for Home (Detached House) was developed to enable sharing of the same sense of values
concerning the environmental responses of detached houses among stakeholders by proposing common
indexes for environmental quality and environmental load reduction measures that should be taken into
consideration when a detached house is designed and built. There are four major ways in which CASBEE canbe utilized, as described below.
① As a tool to realize environmentally friendly design for new houses
Architects will be able to set target levels of environmental performance and check the levels of attainment,
and ultimately complete appropriate environmentally friendly design, by using CASBEE for Home (DetachedHouse) to make a comprehensive review of the environmental performance of houses being designed.
② As a tool for communication among house owners, architects, and builders
Another effective use of CASBEE for Home (Detached House) is as a communication tool that will help
owners, architects, and housing builders to sufficiently and thoroughly discuss architectural designs andtechniques that can enhance housing environmental performance. Users of CASBEE for Home (DetachedHouse) will not simply evaluate the specifications of the house itself; the evaluation items include suchelements as home electric appliances brought in by the occupants and the provision of information to theoccupants. Effective use of CASBEE for Home (Detached House) will allow the owner of a detached houseand the architect who is to design the house to imagine how the owner will actually use the house and live
there, and together work out the appropriate environmental performance of the house.
Appropriate use of CASBEE for Home (Detached House) will also allow housing suppliers to share thesame understanding among the stakeholders during the design stage and help architects to effectively
explain their intentions to contractors.

1③ As an environmental labeling tool
When housing suppliers, local governments, or NPOs intend to sell or diffuse houses with superior
environmental performance, they will be able to use the performance ranking results derived from CASBEE
for Home (Detached House) to provide consumers with an easy-to-understand determination of theenvironmental performance of detached houses.
④ Application to private financial institutions
Since CASBEE for Home (Detached House) assesses houses in terms of a wide variety of efforts related toenvironmental factors, it can be used by financial institutions as a reference material to help them judge
whether they will provide a house purchaser with a loan or preferential interest rate. Moreover, as CASBEE
for Home (Detached House) assesses the life cycle CO 2 of houses and presents the results, it will assist in
the diffusion of environmentally friendly houses for the prevention of global warming.

14

Part I What is CASBEE for Home (Detached House) ?

Communication during design development,
conclusion of contract, etc.

Setting of environmental performance targets at thetime of design development and confirmation of thedegree of target achievement

Review of environmental design

Requests for consideration ofregional environment◆ Housing supplier◆ Local residents, NPOs, etc.

Review of environmental design

Education on housing with high environmental performance

Setting of environmental performance targets at thetime of order placement and design development
and confirmation of the degree of target achievement

Enlightenment of consumers

Encouragement of specific techniques for environmental consideration◆ Local governments

Encouragement of and education on housing withhigh environmental performance◆ Financial institutions◆ Owner, Purchaser

Fig. 1.7 Users of CASBEE for Home (Detached House) and its application

3.3 Rules for Presentation of Assessment Results
The assessment subjects of CASBEE for Home (Detached House) are extensive, ranging from building
specifications, locations, plans, and external work, to equipment brought in by the occupants. The final
assessment can therefore only be made when all conditions have been fully determined; that is, when thebuilding has been completed and is occupied by the residents. However, since assessments are often required
before all of the conditions have been established (at the early stage of design, for example), the system isdesigned to allow assessment even under assumed conditions.
In such a case, however, the assessment results may turn out to be different from the final assessment
results. Therefore, when the assessment results of CASBEE for Home (Detached House) are presented to athird party, it is essential to provide accurate information to them regarding at what stage and under what
conditions the assessment was made. Particularly when results are released to an unspecified number ofpeople, such as data to be printed in catalogs or flyers, it is imperative that the results be presented with aproviso saying, for example, "These assessment results are based on some assumed conditions such as thesite, family composition, usage, or external area," so as not to mislead the general public accessing theinformation.

15

Part II
Assessment Method of CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Part II Assessment Method of CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

1

Basic Policy of Assessment

Part II explains the method of assessment specific to CASBEE for Home (Detached House). Before describing
the details, the basic policy for assessment is reviewed below.
* Note: This summary is a digest of the basic principles of assessment discussed in Part I and thereafter.
Subjects of assessment:● CASBEE for Home (Detached House) makes a comprehensive assessment of the performance of a detachedhouse in relation to the environment.
● In this context, CASBEE for Home (Detached House) assesses not only the building itself but also the externalarea of the house, equipment brought in by the occupants, information provided by the house supplier to theoccupants, and actions during the member production stage and at the construction site.
● These subjects of assessment include items that building suppliers find it difficult to be directly involved in, butthat have been selected as items to be assessed based on the judgment that they have an appreciable effecton the environment.
Policy related to assessment techniques:
CASBEE for Home (Detached House) is not a tool intended for specialists only but was developed for use by avariety of people involved in housing construction. Because of this basic policy, CASBEE has adopted
assessment techniques that are as easy as possible with the highest priority placed on no imposition of any
special burden on the assessors.
● In specific terms, assessment techniques that would necessitate surveys, measurements, or complicatednumerical analyses were not adopted, and preference was given to techniques that use simple calculations or
make evaluations based on the number of environmentally conscious actions that have been taken.
● Various systems for the evaluation of detached houses have already been established, including assessment
systems such as the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards and the Environmentally Symbiotic
Housing Certification System, as well as environmentally conscious design methods such as the Design
Guidelines for Self-Cycling Residences. The evaluation of energy-consuming equipment, which is covered by
the assessment of CASBEE for Home (Detached House), is carried out according to the Top Runner Standard
as specified in the Act Concerning the Rational Use of Energy (also known as the Energy Conservation Law).
CASBEE for Home (Detached House) allows the use of these already established and employed systems andtechniques as well, so as to reduce the burden on assessors. Reference to the Japan Housing Performance
Indication Standards, in particular, is permitted by CASBEE for Home (Detached House), and consistency withthese systems and techniques is maintained with no double-standard situation occurring.
●

Policy related to level setting:
The scoring levels are set so that a typical detached house as currently constructed in Japan is evaluated as
Level 3.
● Some efforts or actions to be evaluated by CASBEE for Home (Detached House), which may seem relatively
difficult to achieve at the present level of housing standards or technologies, have been set at Level 3 because
they are judged to be those whose diffusion in the future should be promoted.
●

19

Part II
2

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Assessment Method

2.1 Assessment Procedure
CASBEE for Home (Detached House) generally assesses a detached house following the procedure shown in
Fig. 2.1. To begin with, the efforts made or actions taken with respect to a subject house are evaluated in fivegrades according to the scoring criteria in Part II, Section 3.3. The results are then expressed as scores. To
simply this process, a dedicated software application has been developed. The software automatically carries
out score calculations when the assessed levels are input and shows the assessment results including the BEE
value in easy-to-understand presentations. The software is available for download free of charge on the IBEC
website (http://www.ibec.or.jp/CASBEE/english/index.htm).
Although it is possible to make evaluations without using the software, complicated scoring calculations will be
required. Therefore, use of the software is recommended where possible.

Evaluate the efforts made or actions taken forthe subject house in five grades according to
the rating criteria of CASBEE for Home
(Detached House).

Input the level of each assessment item into
the software.

2
Check the automatically calculated
assessment results.

Fig. 2.1 Assessment procedure of CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

2.2 Assessment Technique Using the Software(1) Overview of the software
The software used for assessment (named Assessment Software of CASBEE for Home (Detached House),hereinafter referred to as "the assessment software") consists of data files developed on Microsoft Excel 2003
for Windows XP. Therefore, Microsoft Excel 2003 for Windows XP (or a different version that allows sharing of
the files) is necessary to use the assessment software.
The assessment software has a total of 14 sheets: "Main," "Considerations," "Q1 scoring," "Q2 scoring," "Q3
scoring," "LR1 scoring," "LR2 scoring," "LR3 scoring," "Scores," "CO2 calculation," "Results," "Weightings,""CO2 data," and "Credits." Input of data is required in eight of these sheets; namely, "Main," "Considerations,"
and "Q1 scoring" through "LR3 scoring."
The necessary entries are the basic information on the home to be assessed in the "Main" sheet (building
name, location, structure and construction, area, year of completion, etc.), the specific considerations in designfor each major item in the "Considerations" sheet, and the resultant levels derived from the assessment of eachscoring item as per the scoring criteria in Part II, 3.3 (or options that have been selected such as the number ortype of efforts made or actions taken). Specific efforts and actions implemented with respect to the subject
house are also recorded.
Once the above operations are performed, the software automatically calculates the data using the information

20

Part II Assessment Method of CASBEE for Home (Detached House)in the "Weightings" and "CO2 data" sheets and shows the assessment results in the "Results" sheet. It is
possible to check the levels entered or the specific efforts and actions recorded in the "Scores" sheet and thevalues of the life cycle CO 2 calculation procedure in the "CO2 calculation" sheet. There is no set order of entry
for these eight sheets. However, the "Results" sheet will not be fully completed unless all of the necessary
information has been input.

Legend:Sheet name

Description

・Basic information on the house

Main

Considerations

・Design considerations for each major item

Scoring・Assessment results for each scoring item

CO2 data

・Database for CO2 calculation

Weightings

・Weightings database for calculation ofscoresResults

・Basic information on the house
・Building Environmental Efficiency (BEErankings + chart)
・Assessment of major items (radar chart)・Life cycle CO2 (global warming impact
chart)
・Assessment of medium-level items (barcharts)・Design considerations

Scores・Results of all scoring items and list ofscoresCO2
calculation

・Life cycle CO2 calculation process・Selection of power supply company forcalculation according to the regional
power supplierFig. 2.2 Composition of the assessment software

21

Part II

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)(2) Entry of data in the "Main" sheet
Once you start up the assessment software, the sheet shown in Fig. 2.3 appears first.

2

Fig. 2.3 Example of "Main" sheet

Detailed explanations are given below.
1) Summary input: ① Building Outline
This part is for input of the overall basic information on the house to be evaluated, such as the name, location,
structure and construction, and area. Although this information is not used for calculation of the scores, it istransferred to other parts such as "1-1 Building Outline" in the "Results" sheet. The entry items "Energy-saving
area classification" and "Passive area classification" indicate the heat-insulation area classification and thepassive area classification based on the "Judgment Criteria for Building Owners for Energy Efficiency

22

Part II Assessment Method of CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Standards." These areas are judged by collating the address of the location with Reference 1 and Reference 2 inPart III, Section 3.2, "Reference Materials for Assessment."
For a stage where the evaluation conditions are yet to be determined, such as a case in which the location has
been determined but the plan has not yet been finalized or where the conditions including the location are going
to be reviewed, either "Scheduled" or "Tentative" in the selection cell on the right should be chosen, as
appropriate. CASBEE for Home (Detached House) allows the user to make an "assumed" assessment of ahouse in its planning stage or a full assessment when all of the conditions have been determined. These entry
cells are provided so as to accurately inform parties who see the results of the stage at which the assessment
was made.
1) Summary input: ② Status of Determination of Specifications
As described above, select whether "Building specifications," "Home electric appliances, etc. brought in," and"External work specifications" are "Tentative," "Partly determined," or "Determined."
1) Summary input: ③ Implementation of Assessment
Input the date of assessment and the name of the assessor. When, for example, the assessment results are
confirmed by a third party, the date of such confirmation and the name of the confirmer should also be entered.
2) Display of Each Sheet
When any sheet among "Entry sheets," "Calculation sheets," "Assessment results sheet," or "Databasesheets" is selected, the selected sheet will be displayed on the screen. This is equivalent to the sheet tabfunction of Excel.
(3) Entry of data in the sheets from "Q1 scorings" to "LR3 scorings"
These sheets are for entry of the levels resulting from the evaluations made as described in Part II, Section
3.3, "Scoring criteria." There are six of these sheets in total, each dealing with one major item. Lists of the criteria
for each scoring item are sequentially arranged in each sheet. The cells for which data entry is required in thesesheets are those with a light-blue background.
1) Entry of the assessment results① Basic entry method
The basic procedure is to move the cursor to any given cell with a light-blue background at the top left of thescoring criteria table, click on it to show the selectable levels, and select the appropriate level to complete theentry procedure. (Select "5" for Level 5, for example). The level selected is indicated by a black square (■). An
example of a window with the entry process being performed is shown in Fig. 2.4.

Fig. 2.4 Example of direct entry of level ("Q1 scorings" sheet)

Some scoring items are determined by the type or number of actions taken. For these items, the software isdesigned to automatically show the level when the user selects an action(s) or effort(s) or inputs the number ofactions or efforts implemented. Examples of input are shown in Figs. 2.5 and 2.6. For these scoring items, thetop left cells in the scoring criteria table do not have a light-blue background (that is, they cannot be selected).

23

Part II

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)
with 'Yes'.

Yes
Yes

Fig. 2.5 Example of selection of actions or efforts ("Q2 scoring" sheet)2
Fig. 2.6 Example of inputting the number of efforts or actions ("LR1 scoring" sheet)

Figure 2.7 shows an example of a scoring item with conditions for adding points. When the level before point
addition in the cell with a light-blue background in the rating criteria table is selected and the appropriate
combination in the conditions for adding points shown in the subsequent table is also selected, the level with aduly added point or points will be automatically shown in the cell above the light-blue-colored cell.

Yes
Yes

Fig. 2.7 Example of a scoring item with conditions for adding points ("Q1 scoring" sheet)24Part II Assessment Method of CASBEE for Home (Detached House)② Special entry method
Cases of special entry procedures are shown below:■ QH2.1.3 Roof materials/flat roof
For this scoring item, the conditions for adding points differ between "Assessment based on the roofing
material" and "Assessment based on the waterproofing layer." Select which type of assessment is appropriate in
the top left cell of the "Conditions for adding points" table and then select the appropriate combination.

Yes

Yes

Fig. 2.8 Entry screen for "QH2.1.3 Roof materials/flat roof"■ LRH1.2.5.2 Solar power generation system
Enter a value in each of the "Power generated by solar power generation system" and "Primary energy
consumption of entire building" cells for the "Solar power generation system" item.

Fig. 2.9 Entry screen for "LRH1.2.5.2 Solar power generation system"■ LRH2.1.1 Building framesThis item is composed of "LRH2.1.1.1 Wooden house," "LRH2.1.1.2 Steel-frame house," and "LRH2.1.1.3
Concrete house," and entry cells are provided for each type of structure. Enter a value or values that give a total
value of 1 by adding the ratio(s) of the floor area(s) of the appropriate structure(s) in the "Cell in which to enter
construction method ratio (floor area)." For example, input "1" in the entry cell in the case of using a single typeof construction, or the ratios in the case of using multiple types of construction.
For a case in which multiple types of construction are used, it is a rule to calculate the weighted average ofeach scoring result depending on the entered ratio. Figure 2.10 shows an example of a case where the ratio ofwooden construction to steel-frame construction is 0.5:0.5. For the assessment result of each type of
construction, the level of a wooden house is 5, while that of a steel-frame house is 3. Since the ratio of the floorarea is the same in this case, the resultant level is 4. Note that the "Cell in which to enter construction method
ratio (floor area)" will be shown in red if the values do not add up to 1. If this cell is shown in red, it is necessary
to check the input values before the calculation can be correctly performed.
The assessment result of LRH2.1.1 Building frames after the weighted average calculation is shown on the leftof the construction method ratio cell.

25

Part II

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Yes

Fig. 2.10 Entry screen of "LRH2.1.1 Building frames"

2③ Setting of "Assessment not applicable"
Some scoring items allow the user to select "Excluded." This is selected when it is judged that the item inquestion cannot be evaluated (or does not need to be evaluated), and the relevant judgment criteria are shownin the rating criteria. When this selection is made, the weighting for that item becomes 0, and it is proportionallyallocated to other items of the same rank depending on the weighting. See Part II, Section 2.3, "Assessment
Method by Manual Calculation," for details. (The expression "same rank" means that the item is either a scoring
item, minor item, or medium-level item, and that if it is a detailed item, its weighting is distributed to otherdetailed items, while if it is a minor item, its weighting is distributed to other minor items.)
The scoring criterion for which "Assessment not applicable" is set may be selected as the lowest option. When"-" is shown in any option, this represents a level that is not set for the item in question (or for which assessment
is not applicable), and if it is selected, an error will occur. (For example, in Fig. 2.4, "Level 4" and "Excluded" areindicated by "-.")
2) Entry in "Specific efforts" cells
The "Specific efforts" cell laid out below each scoring criteria table is for the entry of specific efforts or theirfeatures. For items that have been assessed as Level 4 or higher in particular, the reason for giving such a highevaluation should also be stated.

26

Part II Assessment Method of CASBEE for Home (Detached House)(4) Entries in the "Considerations" sheet
Figure 2.11 shows an example of descriptions of environmental considerations. In this sheet, enter design
considerations and actual efforts implemented for each major item. Enter a general concept related to the entire
building to be assessed in the "General" cell.

Fig. 2.11 Example of "Considerations" sheet

27

Part II

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)(5) How to read the "Results" sheet
Figure 2.12 shows a sample "Results" sheet. All of the information entered and the calculated results areshown here. That is, this sheet alone can provide an outline of the assessment results of the house being
evaluated. This sheet is expected to be used for discussions and meetings in the design stage or contract stage
and is therefore designed to be printed in A4 format. The following is an explanation of the contents of this sheet
and how to read it.

2

Fig. 2.12 Example of "Results" sheet

28

Part II Assessment Method of CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

As shown in Fig. 2.12, this sheet contains three types of information: an outline of the building, the assessment
results, and design considerations.
Among these, the assessment results are composed of four types of graphs.
"2-1 Building Environmental Efficiency (BEE rank & chart)" (Fig. 2.13) shows the BEEH value and the ranking
from S to C.
"2-2 Assessment results of Major categories (radar chart)" (Fig. 2.14) allows the user to check the balance ofefforts for the six major items. The score of 3 is shown in red because this level is the assessment benchmark
for ordinary houses. If a house is given a score higher than Level 3, this means that more than average efforts
have been made.
"2-4 Assessment results of Medium-Level categories (bar charts)" (Fig. 2.15) has six graphs, one for each of
the six major items of QH and LH, and the results of the medium-level items are shown in a bar graph (bar chart)in each of those categories. The score of 3 on the vertical axis is shown as a red line because, as with the radar
chart mentioned above, it is the assessment benchmark for comparison with ordinary houses.
"2-3 Life Cycle CO 2 (global warming impact chart)" (Fig. 2.16) rearranges the contents of "LR H3.1
Consideration of Global Warming" in the life cycle CO 2 emission rates compared with an ordinary residence(reference value). The values on the right of the graph indicate the CO 2 emission rate with the reference value
set at 100%. The smaller the value, the more effective the anti-warming action. This chart is explained in detail inPart III, Section 2, "Life Cycle CO 2."
As explained above, the user can check the comprehensive assessment results from "2-1 Building
Environmental Efficiency (BEE rank & chart)" and learn what efforts in what category are highly evaluated or
poorly evaluated from three graphs. One of the primary purposes of CASBEE for Home (Detached House) is tofacilitate the incorporation of the analysis results into the actual design work, which is of great importance inorder to increase the number of quality houses.

Fig. 2.13 Example of "2-1 Building Environmental Efficiency (BEE rank & chart)"29

Part II

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Fig. 2.14 Example of "2-2 Assessment results of Major categories (radar chart)"2

Fig. 2.15 Example of "2-4 Assessment results of Medium-Level categories (bar charts)"

Fig. 2.16 Example of "2-3 Life Cycle CO 2 (global warming impact chart)"30

Part II Assessment Method of CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

In the final section, "3 Design Considerations," it is recommended that descriptions be given of specific efforts
made with respect to the house being assessed, as well as the characteristics of efforts that cannot be fully
expressed by graphical presentation or other efforts or actions that are not the subjects of CASBEE scoring
criteria but may serve as appealing features of the house.
(6) How to read the "Scores" sheet
The "Scores" sheet shows the "specific efforts" entered in each scoring sheet and the assessment results(which are shown here as the "Score"). In addition, QH and LH, calculated by using the "Weighting coefficient"shown on the right of the "Score" column as well as the scores by the major or medium-level items are also
shown. In other words, this sheet is a list of the assessment results and scores of all scoring items and allows
the user to check these with the "Results" sheet to make a more detailed analysis. The sheet may also be used
to identify any erroneous entries or presentations in the six scoring sheets.
Figure 2.17 shows an example of the QH1 section of this sheet. The "Score" column displays the results ofassessments based on the information entered in the "Q1 ratings" sheet, and the "Total" column shows theresults converted to scores using the weightings in the "Weighting coefficient" column. In this example, we cansee that the score of the medium-level item "Heating and Cooling" is 5, the score of the major item "Comfortable, Healthy, and Safe Indoor Environment " is 4.8, and the QH score is 4.4 (score conversion is
explained in the next section).

Fig. 2.17 Example of "Scores" sheet (extract)(7) "CO2 calculation" sheet
This sheet displays the life cycle CO 2 calculation processes. The calculation results here are used as the data
for evaluation of "LRH3.1 Consideration of Global Warming," as well as "2-3 Life Cycle CO 2 (global warming
impact chart)" in the "Results" sheet. See Part III, Section 2, "Life Cycle CO 2," for details.

31Part II

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

2.3 Assessment Method by Manual Calculation - Scoring Method of
CASBEE for Home (Detached House)
CASBEE for Home (Detached House) allows the user to make assessments based on manual calculations,but since this makes the calculation of scores very complicated, use of the assessment software isrecommended where possible. If the user has no PC or Microsoft Excel is not installed, however, an assessment
can be made using the following method.

Assess the efforts in five stages, from 1
to 5, according to the rating criteria of
CASBEE for Home (Detached House).

When there is any item for whichassessment is “Assessment notapplicable,” calculate the weighting
coefficient excluding that scoring item.

Use the scoring levels and weighting
coefficients to calculate SQH and SLRH.

Calculate BEEH and determine theEnvironmental Ranking.

Fig. 2.18 Assessment procedure for CASBEE for Home (Detached House) (in case of manual calculation)
The reason why the calculation of scores becomes complicated is that when there is an "Assessment notapplicable" item, it is necessary to recalculate the weighting allocation. The calculation methods whenrecalculation is necessary and not necessary are respectively shown below.
Case with no "Assessment not applicable" items
The approach in Step 1 is exactly the same as when the software is used. If, after the assessment, it is foundthat there are no "Assessment not applicable" items, omit Step 2 and go to the Step 3 calculation. The weighting
coefficients used here are those shown in Part I, Table 2.2. Using QH1 as an example, the method of calculating
SQH1 ("S" indicates "Score"), the total of all the assessment items contained in QH1, is described below. Table
2.1 shows the weighting coefficients for QH1 and an example of the score level assessed based on the scoring
criteria.

2

Table 2.1 QH1 assessment items and examples of score levels* Values in < > are weighting coefficients.
QH1 Comfortable, Healthy and Safe Indoor Environment
Medium-level items

Minor items

Score
level

Detailed items
1.1.1 Ensuring thermal insulation and

1.1 Basic performance<0.50><0.65>

1.1.2 Sunlight adjustment capability<0.35>

1. Heating andCooling

airtightness performance

1.2.1 Allowing breezes in and heat out<0.50>
1.2 Preventing summer heat

<0.25><0.50>
1.2.2 Proper planning for cooling<0.50>

1.3 Preventing winter cold

<0.25>

2.1 Countermeasures against
2. Health, Safety,
and Security <0.30>

3. Brightness<0.10>
4. Quietness <0.10>32chemical contaminants<0.33>

2.2 Proper planning for ventilation<0.33>

1.3.1 Proper planning for heating

<->

3
3
3
5
3
3
1

2.3 Precautions against crime <0.33>

3

3.1 Use of daylight5<1.00>

4

Part II Assessment Method of CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

To begin with, calculate score SQH1.1 for "1.1 Basic performance" under "1. Heating and Cooling." This minor
item has two scoring items. Use the weighting coefficients and score levels of these two items and carry out thefollowing weighted mean calculation:
SQH1.1 = 0.65 × 3 + 0.35 × 3 = 3.
Carry out the calculation for "1.2 Preventing summer heat" in the same way:
SQH1.2 = 0.50 × 3 + 0.50 × 5 = 4.
Next, calculate score SQH1 for "1 Heating and Cooling":
SQH1 = 0.50 × SQH1.1 + 0.25 × SQH1.2 + 0.25 × 3= 0.50 × 3 + 0.25 × 4 + 0.25 × 3= 3.25.
Perform the calculations for the other medium-level items and then for the major items to finally obtain SQH1.
In the above example, SQH1 turned out to be 3.3. Repeat this calculation process for the other major items, andyou will finally obtain SQ H and SLR H by weighted average calculations using the results and weighting
coefficients for the major items.
Next, we describe how to calculate BEEH. While SQH and SLRH are divided into a scale of five levels, from 1 to
5, BEEH is assessed on a scale of 0 to 100 (see Part I, Section 2.1, "Basic Structure of Assessment"). The
following equations are used to convert the scales:
QH= 25 × (SQH - 1),

LH= 25 × (5 - SLRH).

Here, SLRH, which is the load reduction performance (the larger, the better), is converted to index L H forenvironmental load (the larger, the worse). Based on QH and LH thus calculated, the environmental efficiency ofthe house BEEH is obtained by the following equation:
Building Environmental Efficiency BEEH =QH : Environmental Quality
LH : Environmental Load

Lastly, use this result to collate with Table 1.1 in Part I, to determine the environmental ranking.
Case with "Assessment not applicable" item(s)Steps 1, 3, and 4 in Fig. 2.18 are identical to those for the case with no "Assessment not applicable" items.
Here is a method for weighting coefficient correction for an example where "1.1.2 Sunlight adjustment capability"and "1.3.1 Proper planning for heating" are designated as "Assessment not applicable" items.

Table 2.2 Assessment items and weighting coefficients (before correction) for QH1.1
QH1 Comfortable, Healthy and Safe Indoor Environment
Medium-level items

Score level

Detailed items

Minor items

1.1.1 Ensuring thermal insulation andairtightness performance

1.1 Basic performance<0.65><0.50> 1.1.2 Sunlight adjustment capability<0.35>
1. Heating andCooling<0.50>

1.2.1 Allowing breezes in and heat
1.2 Preventing summer heat

out

<0.50><0.25> 1.2.2 Proper planning for cooling<0.50>
1.3 Preventing winter cold
<0.25>

1.3.1 Proper planning for heating <->3
Assessment notapplicable
3
5
Assessment notapplicable33

Part II

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Values in < > are the weighting coefficient in the initial condition shown in Table 2.1. When 1.1.2 becomes"Assessment not applicable," the weighting coefficient for "1.1.2 Sunlight adjustment capability" changes from
0.35 to 0, and this decrement is added to the weighting coefficient for "1.1.1 Ensuring thermal insulation andairtightness performance" to increase it from 0.65 to 1.0. This means that since "Sunlight adjustment capability"cannot be implemented, "Ensuring thermal insulation and airtightness performance" is emphasized more
instead.
On the other hand, if "1.3.1 Proper planning for heating" is "Assessment not applicable," that is, "1.3
Preventing winter cold" is also excluded from assessment, the weighting coefficient 0.25 is distributed to "1.1
Basic performance" and "1.2 Preventing summer heat" according to each weighting coefficient, as follows:
Weighting coefficient for "1.1 Basic performance"= 0.50 + 0.25 × 0.50 ÷ (0.50 + 0.25)= 0.67. (0.25 for “1.3 Preventing winter cold” isdistributed as per the weighting of “1.1 Basic
Performance.”)

Weighting coefficient for "1.2 Preventing summer heat"= 0.25 + 0.25 × 0.25 ÷ (0.50 + 0.25)= 0.33. (0.25 for “1.3 Preventing winter cold” isdistributed as per the weighting of “1.2Preventing summer heat.”)

Now the weighting coefficients after correction are as shown in Table 2.3.

Table 2.3 Assessment items and weighting coefficients for QH1.1 (after correction)
QH1 Comfortable, Healthy and Safe Indoor Environment
Medium-level items

Score level

Detailed items

Minor items

1.1.1 Ensuring thermal insulation andairtightness performance

1.1 Basic performance<1.00><0.67> 1.1.2 Sunlight adjustment capability<0.00>

2

1. Heating andCooling<0.50>

1.2.1 Allowing breezes in and heat
1.2 Preventing summer heat

out

<0.50><0.33> 1.2.2 Proper planning for cooling<0.50>
1.3 Preventing winter cold
<0.00>

1.3.1 Proper planning for heating <->3
Assessment notapplicable
3
5
Assessment notapplicableAs explained above, the user can complete the scoring process by carrying out Steps 3 and 4 afterrecalculating the weighting for all relevant items.

34

Part II Assessment Method of CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

3

Scoring criteria

3.1 List of Scoring Criteria
A list of the scoring criteria is shown in Table 2.4.
Table 2.4 List of assessment items in CASBEE for Home (Detached House)
QH1 Comfortable, Healthy and Safe Indoor Environment
Minor items

Medium-level items

Detailed items
1.1.1 Ensuring thermal insulation and

1.1 Basic performance

airtightness performance

Page
38

1. Heating and1.1.2 Sunlight adjustment capability

39

Cooling

1.2.1 Allowing breezes in and heat out

41

1.2.2 Proper planning for cooling42

1.3.1 Proper planning for heating44

1.2 Preventing summer heat
1.3 Preventing winter cold
2.1 Countermeasures against chemical

47

2. Health, Safety,

contaminants

and Security

2.2 Proper planning for ventilation

48

2.3 Precautions against crime49

3.1 Use of daylight51

3. Brightness
4. Quietness

52

QH2 Ensuring a Long Service Life

1. Basic Life
Performance

3. Functionality

Page

1.1 Building frames

54

1.2 Exterior wall materials

55

1.3 Roof materials/flat roof

58

1.4 Resistance against natural

62
63

disasters
1.5 Fire preparedness

2. Maintenance

Detailed items

Minor items

Medium-level items

2.1 Ease of maintenance1.5.1 Fire-resistant structure (excluding

64

openings)

65

1.5.2 Early detection of fire67

2.2 Maintenance system

70

3.1 Size and layout of rooms73

3.2 Barrier-free design

QH3 Creating a Richer Townscape and Ecosystem
Medium-level items

Minor items

Detailed items

Page

1. Consideration of74

the Townscape andLandscape2. Creating the

2.1 Greening of the premises76

2.2 Ensuring the biological habitat

80

Biological
Environment
3. Safety and83

Security of theRegion4. Utilizing Regional
Resources andInheriting the85

Regional Housing
CultureLRH1 Conserving Energy and Water
Medium-level items
1. Energy Saving

Minor items
1.1 Control of thermal load of building

Detailed items

Page
88

through Building

35

Part II
Innovation

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)
1.2 Natural energy use
2.1 Air-conditioning systems

2. Energy Saving

2.2 Hot-water equipment

through Equipment
Performance89
2.1.1 Heating system

93

2.1.2 Cooling system

95

2.2.1 Hot-water supply equipment

97

2.2.2 Heat insulation of bathtub

98

2.2.3 Hot-water plumbing

102

2.3 Lighting fixtures, home electric

103

appliances, and kitchen equipment
2.4 Ventilation system
2.5 Highly energy-efficient equipment

105
2.5.1 Home cogeneration system

106

2.5.2 Solar power generation system108

3. Water

3.1 Water-saving systems

111

Conservation

3.2 Rainwater use

112

4. Well-Informed

4.1 Presentation of lifestyle advice

113

4.2 Management and control of energy

114

Maintenance andOperation Schemes

LRH2 Using Resources Sparingly and Reducing Waste
Detailed items

Minor items

Medium-level items

2

Page
116

1.1 Building frames
1.1.1 Wooden house121

1. Introduction of

1.1.2 Steel-frame house

122

Materials Useful for

1.1.3 Concrete house

123

Resource Saving

1.2 Ground-reinforcing materials,

and Wastefoundation work, and foundations

Prevention

1.3 Exterior materials

126

1.4 Interior materials

128

1.5 Materials for the external area132

2. Reduction ofWaste in the
Production andConstruction Stages

125

2.1 Production stage (members for

133

building frames)
2.2 Production stage (members other134

than those for building frames)

135

2.3 Construction stage

3. Promotion of

3.1 Provision of information on

Recyclingmaterials used

136

LRH3 Consideration of the Global, Local, and Surrounding Environment
Minor items

Medium-level items
1. Consideration of

the Local
Environment
3. Consideration of
the Surrounding
Environment

Page
138

Global Warming
2. Consideration of

Detailed items

2.1 Control of the burden on the local
infrastructure
2.2 Preservation of the existing naturalenvironment
3.1 Reduction of noise, vibration,
exhaust, and exhaust heat
3.2 Improvement of the thermal
environment of the surrounding area

140
142
146
148

3.2 How to Read the Scoring Criteria
The scoring criteria are compiled by page for each scoring item and are basically composed of three parts: ■"Assessment Item," ■ "Assessment Level," and ■ "Description." In addition to these, ■ "Explanation ofTerminology (Definitions)," "Supplementary Description," and "Reference" may be added as required. The
purpose of each part is explained below.

36

Part II Assessment Method of CASBEE for Home (Detached House)■ Assessment Item
The viewpoint of assessment is explained. In principle, this part explains "what is assessed by what standard
or what policy."■ Assessment Level
The levels in up to five stages and their corresponding rating criteria are shown in this part. Any level stated ashaving "No corresponding level" is treated as if it does not exist. In the example of QH1.1.1.1 in Fig. 2.19, there isno evaluation as Level 4, which means the assessment is made in four stages.
Three items of supplementary information related to assessment are also shown below the assessment level
table. They have the following definitions:
Availability of conditions for adding points
In CASBEE for Home (Detached House), when a house has been assessed by the scoring criteria in the■ "Assessment Level" column, it may be possible to raise the level when additional efforts are made basedon certain conditions. If this system is available, "Available" is shown, while if it is not available, "None" isshown. In the case of "Available," the condition that allows the level to be increased is described in the"Conditions for adding points" column in the ■ "Description."
Level change according to conditions
If a level is determined by a certain condition regardless of the description in ■ "Assessment Level" or ■"Description," that condition is described here.
Assessment not applicable
In CASBEE for Home (Detached House), it is a basic principle to assess all items. However, when someitem does not need to be evaluated or cannot be evaluated for any of various reasons including locational
restrictions, absence of equipment to make an evaluation, or restrictions imposed by the Building Standards
Act, a house may be assessed with no evaluation made for such an item, which is designated as"Assessment not applicable." This is where such a condition is specified.
■ Description
The information necessary for assessment is explained in detail. In Fig. 2.19, the structure of the rating criteria
is explained for QH1.1.1.1 as an example.
Major item
Medium-level item
Minor item
Scoring item
Assessment Item

Part II Q 1
H1 Heating and Cooling
1.1.1 Ensuring thermal insulation and airtightness performance■ Assessment Item
Evaluate the basic thermal performance of the building to ensure the comfort of occupants based on its
ability to control the inflow and outflow of outdoor heat. The assessment criteria are the same as those listed
in "LRH1.1.1 Control of thermal load of building."■ Assessment Level
Level
Level 1
Level 2

Assessment Level

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Environment

Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Criterion

The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 1 in Section 5-1, "Energy-Saving Action Grades,"of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards.
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 2 in Section 5-1, "Energy-Saving Action Grades,"of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards.
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 3 in Section 5-1, "Energy-Saving Action Grades,"of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards.
(No corresponding level)
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 4 in Section 5-1, "Energy-Saving Action Grades,"of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards.

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
The building’s performance is evaluated in terms of heat insulation and airtightness, which are regarded as
basic functions to avoid summer heat and winter cold in its rooms.
The assessment criteria are in accordance with Section 5-1, "Energy-Saving Action Grades," in the Evaluation
Method Standards of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards, as defined by the Housing Quality
Assurance Act, using any of the following measurements specified for each thermal insulation area zone:
1) Year-round heating and cooling load2) Thermal loss coefficient, etc.
3) Heat transmission coefficient, etc.

Description

See the Evaluation Method Standards of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards for specificvalues and calculation methods. Further details regarding the calculation are provided in the "Guide to EnergySaving Standards for Houses" by the Institute for Building Environment and Energy Conservation (IBEC). The
thermal insulation area zone classifications are described in Part III, Section 3.2, "Reference Materials forAssessment."(Reference) Section 5-1, "Energy-Saving Action Grades" of the Japan Housing Performance Indication
Standards
Energy-Saving
Action Grade
Grade 4
Grade 3
Grade 2
Grade 1

Extent of actions, such as thermal insulation, to reduce energy used for heating and/or cooling
Measures are taken to reduce energy use to a significant degree (to the extent of meetingthe “Judgment Criteria for Building Owners for Energy Efficiency Standards”).
Measures are taken to reduce energy use to a certain degree.
Measures are taken to reduce energy use to a small degree.
Other than the above

Fig. 2.19 Structure of rating criteria for QH1.1.1.1

37

Part II Q 1
H1

Comfortable, Healthy and Safe Indoor
Environment

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Heating and Cooling

1.1 Basic performance
1.1.1 Ensuring thermal insulation and airtightness performance■ Assessment Item
Evaluate the basic thermal performance of the building to ensure the comfort of occupants based on its
ability to control the inflow and outflow of outdoor heat. The assessment criteria are the same as those listed
in "LRH1.1.1 Control of thermal load of building."■ Assessment Level
Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Criterion

The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 1 in Section 5-1, "Energy-Saving Action Grades,"of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards.
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 2 in Section 5-1, "Energy-Saving Action Grades,"of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards.
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 3 in Section 5-1, "Energy-Saving Action Grades,"of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards.
(No corresponding level)
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 4 in Section 5-1, "Energy-Saving Action Grades,"of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards.

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:
*None

2

■ Description
The building's performance is evaluated in terms of heat insulation and airtightness, which are regarded as
basic functions to avoid summer heat and winter cold in its rooms.
The assessment criteria are in accordance with Section 5-1, "Energy-Saving Action Grades," in the Evaluation
Method Standards of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards, as defined by the Housing Quality
Assurance Act, using any of the following measurements specified for each thermal insulation area zone:
1) Year-round heating and cooling load2) Thermal loss coefficient, etc.
3) Heat transmission coefficient, etc.
See the Evaluation Method Standards of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards for specificvalues and calculation methods. Further details regarding the calculation are provided in the "Guide to EnergySaving Standards for Houses" by the Institute for Building Environment and Energy Conservation (IBEC). The
thermal insulation area zone classifications are described in Part III, Section 3.2, "Reference Materials forAssessment."(Reference) Section 5-1, "Energy-Saving Action Grades" of the Japan Housing Performance Indication
Standards
Energy-Saving
Action Grade
Grade 4
Grade 3
Grade 2
Grade 138

Extent of actions, such as thermal insulation, to reduce energy used for heating and/or cooling
Measures are taken to reduce energy use to a significant degree (to the extent of meetingthe “Judgment Criteria for Building Owners for Energy Efficiency Standards”).
Measures are taken to reduce energy use to a certain degree.
Measures are taken to reduce energy use to a small degree.
Other than the above

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

1.1.2 Sunlight adjustment capability■ Assessment Item
Evaluate the design of openings that block solar radiation during summer and capture it during winter basedon the sunlight penetration ratio.
■ Assessment Level
Level

Criterion

Level 1
Level 2The building does not satisfy the criterion of Level 3.
(No corresponding level)
The building can reduce the sunlight penetration ratio in the subject openings to 0.60 or less inthe summer.
The building can reduce the sunlight penetration ratio in the subject openings to 0.45 or less inthe summer.
The building can reduce the sunlight penetration ratio in the subject openings to 0.30 or less inthe summer and 0.6 or more in the winter.

Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*When no sunlight is expected to enter during winter due to the shade of buildings located off the property
concerned or features of the terrain, the evaluation can be made based solely on the summer sunlight
penetration ratio in Level 5.
Assessment not applicable:*Any house situated in a place where almost no sunlight is expected to enter throughout the year.
■ Description
In addition to the performance of heat insulation and airtightness in the previous section, the building's ability
to control the penetration of sunlight through openings is evaluated in this section, as one of its basic functions toensure a comfortable thermal environment throughout the year.
The openings subject to evaluation are those made in the exterior walls facing east, south, and west (within ±150 degrees of south) of the major living rooms (an integrated space including the main living room, and themain bedroom) and those made in the roof.
The sunlight penetration ratio may be calculated not only for windows but also for different combinations ofsolar shading materials, such as curtains and blinds, as well as eaves, overhangs, etc., which can be changed
according to winter and summer conditions. While windows must always be evaluated in principle, such solar
shading materials, eaves, and overhangs that do not block sunlight during the winter season may be exemptedfrom the calculation of the winter sunlight penetration ratio.
The sunlight penetration ratio can be obtained by the method specified in the JIS R3106 Japanese Industrial
Standard or the method provided in the "Guide to Energy-Saving Standards for Houses" by IBEC. It may also be
calculated using a simplified method, explained below.

Simplified Calculation of Sunlight Penetration Ratio
From the column "Simplified method of calculating sunlight penetration ratio for openings" (page 137) in
Section 4.2.2, "Target Energy-Saving Levels for Solar Shading," of the "Design Guidelines for Self-Cycling
Residences" by IBEC:(Equation)
Sunlight penetration ratio = Sunlight penetration ratio of glass × Shading coefficient of solar shading materials
× Shading coefficient of eaves or others.
(See the figure below for the values required for the calculation.)

39

Part II Q 1
HComfortable, Healthy and Safe Indoor
Environment(1) Sunlight penetration ratioof glass

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)(2) Shading coefficient ofsolar shading materials(3) Shading coefficient ofeaves or others

Regular single-glazed glass
None
Regular double-glazed glass

No eaves or others

Regular triple-glazed glass
Insulating low-emissivity double-glazed
glass with an air layer of 12 mm A

Lace curtain

Insulating low-emissivity double-glazed
glass with an air layer of 12 mm B

With eaves orothers (exceeding± 30 degrees ofdue south)

Insulating low-emissivity double-glazed
glass with an air layer of 12 mm C
Indoor blind

Insulating low-emissivity doubleglazed glass with an air layer of 6 mm

With eaves orothers (within ± 30
degrees of due
south)

Insulating low-emissivity doubleglazed glass with an air layer of 6 mm
Insulating low-emissivity doubleglazed glass with an air layer of 6 mm

Paper sliding door
(shoji)Shielding lowemissivity double-glazed
glass with an air layer of 6 mm A
Shielding lowemissivity double-glazed
glass with an air layer of 6 mm B

(Note)
Eaves effective for solar shading: Asa guideline, south-facing eaves
extending not less than 0.3 times thevertical distance between the lower
edge of a window and the eaves.

Outdoor Blind
Shielding lowemissivity double-glazed
glass with an air layer of 6 mm C
Heat-reflecting glass type 2

Glass specifications (1):Regular single-glazed glass, regular double-glazed glass
Glass specifications (2):The types of glass listed in “(1) Sunlight penetration ratioof glass” other than the above types of glass

Heat-reflecting glass type 3※For glass types not listed above, please use
the values provided by the manufacturer.

※For solar shading materials not listed above, please
use the values provided by the manufacturer.

Source: ”Design Guidelines for Self-Cycling Residences” by IBEC (page 137)

2
When different sunlight penetration ratios are yielded due to different openings in the same room, a weighted
average of the sunlight penetration ratios of all the openings based on the opening surface area should beapplied to the evaluation. The criterion should be met in both the integrated space including the main living roomand the main bedroom.
Deciduous trees that create shade over almost the entire surface of the target opening during the summer may
be included in the calculation as an element of solar shading equivalent to eaves.
■ Explanation of Terminology
Sunlight penetration ratio:
The ratio of the amount of sunlight penetrating into the room to the amount of incident solar radiation. "Sunlight
penetration ratio" is equivalent in definition to "solar heat gain coefficient." According to JIS R3106, "Testing
method on transmittance, reflectance and emittance of flat glasses and evaluation of solar heat gain coefficient,"
the solar heat gain coefficient is defined as the ratio of the sum of the solar radiation flux that penetrates theglass part and the heat flux absorbed by the glass and transmitted to the inside to the incident solar radiation flux
with respect to the solar radiation perpendicularly incident to the window glass surface.

40

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

1.2 Preventing summer heat
1.2.1 Allowing breezes in and heat out■ Assessment Item
Evaluate the design of the house for taking in outdoor air and removing heat built up in the rooms to theoutside.
■ Assessment Level
Level

Criterion

Level 1
Level 2The building does not satisfy the criterion of Level 3.
(No corresponding level)
The building has openings in two directions in major rooms or has an opening in one direction
and is designed to promote ventilation and heat removal.
(No corresponding level)
The building has openings in two directions in all rooms or has an opening in one direction and isdesigned to promote ventilation and heat removal.

Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
Check whether the room has openings in two different directions or is designed to facilitate ventilation andheat removal even if it has an opening or openings in one direction only. The house should be rated as Level 3 ifsuch an arrangement is made in the major living rooms (an integrated space including the main living room, andthe main bedroom), or Level 5 if in all living rooms.
The term "an opening or openings in one direction" refers to the case where the living room concerned has
one or more openings in one direction only, and the term "openings in two different directions" refers to the caseof two or more directions.
While there are various ways to facilitate ventilation and heat removal, such as clerestory windows, openable
skylights, and wind catchers, careful planning is necessary in order to obtain substantial effects after fully
considering the site conditions, including the direction of the prevailing wind and the density of buildings. Special
consideration can be given to the location of doors between rooms, or the setting of transoms, in order to secure
paths for ventilation and heat exhaust throughout the building.
See Section 3.1.4, "How to Utilize Natural Wind," in the "Design Guidelines for Self-Cycling Residences" by
IBEC, in reference to specific arrangements for ventilation and heat exhaust.

41

Part II Q 1
HComfortable, Healthy and Safe Indoor
Environment

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

1.2.2 Proper planning for cooling■ Assessment Item
Evaluate whether cooling is properly planned in the major living rooms.

■ Assessment Level
Level

Criterion

Level 1
Level 2The building does not specifically consider a cooling plan in major rooms.
(No corresponding level)
The building considers an appropriate cooling plan in an integrated space including the livingroom.
(No corresponding level)
The building considers an appropriate cooling plan in major rooms.

Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*Even if there is no plan to install a cooling system, the house concerned should be rated as Level 3 if acertain arrangement is made to prevent uneven temperature distribution; e.g., the use of a ceiling fan.
Assessment not applicable:*The house should be excluded from assessment if its major living rooms are considered to be able tomaintain a comfortable thermal environment even without a cooling system and the cooling of these rooms
is not planned at all; provided, however, that these rooms are not equipped with dedicated electrical outlets
for an air-conditioning system.
■ Description
The term "major living rooms" refers to an "integrated space including the main living room" and the "mainbedroom," and must be assessed if a dedicated power outlet for an air conditioner is installed in the room, even
if the installation of a cooling system is not planned. The following standards are to be used when assessing aroom with respect to proper planning for cooling:

2

Level 3: The cooling of an integrated space including the main living room is properly planned. As therequirements for proper planning, the following items ① and ② should both be satisfied:① A cooling system of the appropriate capacity to cool the entire living room is selected according to
the size, thermal insulation performance, and airtightness of the room.
Guideline for selecting a room air conditioner of the appropriate capacity:
The catalog and description of an air conditioner usually specify a room size according to themachine's cooling capacity. If there is a range of room sizes, the smallest number typically
represents a south-facing room in a Japanese-style wooden residence, and the largest number asouth-facing room in an apartment block made of reinforced concrete.
*For example, if the description says "cooling capacity of 2.2 kW (6-9 jou [tatami mats])," "6 jou"represents the size of a south-facing room in a Japanese-style wooden residence and "9 jou" thatof a south-facing room in a reinforced-concrete apartment block.
2.2 kW(6-9 jou)

2.5 kW(7-10 jou)

2.8 kW(8-12 jou)

3.62 kW(10-15 jou)

4.0 kW(11-17 jou)

For houses rated as Level 3 or Level 5 in "QH1.1.1.1 Ensuring thermal insulation and airtightness
performance" in particular, a cooling system should be selected within the limits of the figures
above, and an air conditioner of excessive cooling capacity relative to the room size should be
avoided.
② The cooling system is installed where there are no obstacles in the path of the air discharge andintake.

42

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

Level 5: The same requirements as for Level 3; i.e., ① and ②, are fulfilled not only in the integrated space
including the main living room but also in the main bedroom, or a whole-house air-conditioning system
is installed to cool and heat the entire house.
The devices subject to evaluation in "LRH1.2.1.2 Cooling system" should be the same as those evaluated as acooling system for the "integrated space including the main living room" in this section.
The use of cooling equipment other than an air conditioner can be considered as proper planning for cooling if
it satisfies the following conditions.
*Conditions for the use of cooling equipment other than an air conditioner:●●

it is unlikely to create temperature variations within the room; andit can control temperature in the activity area of the applicable living room.

(Reference) Proper Location for a Room Air Conditioner
The indoor unit of a room air conditioner should be installed in accordance with the instructions in the
manufacturer's brochures, technical information, etc.; in addition, it is preferable for it to be installed at a locationthat will be unlikely to create temperature variations in the room, keeping the following points in mind:● The indoor unit should be installed where there are no obstacles in the path of the air discharge and intake.
● The indoor unit should be installed on a short-side wall in the case of a rectangular room.
● The indoor unit should be installed at or near the center of a wall in the case of a square room.
● The indoor unit should be installed near a window.
● The indoor unit should be installed so that its wind (cool or warm) will not directly hit people, especially in a
bedroom, etc.
● Consideration should be given to installing more than one unit as appropriate in the case of a large or Lshaped room.
The outdoor unit of a room air conditioner should be installed in accordance with the instructions in the
manufacturer's brochures, technical information, etc.; in addition, it is preferable for it to be installed keeping thefollowing points in mind:● The outdoor unit should be installed so as to maintain a proper distance from surrounding objects so that it
will not short-circuit.
● The outdoor unit should be installed where it is unlikely to be exposed to direct sunlight.

43

Part II Q 1
HComfortable, Healthy and Safe Indoor
Environment

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

1.3 Preventing winter cold
1.3.1 Proper planning for heating■ Assessment Item
Evaluate whether heating is properly planned in the major living rooms.

■ Assessment Level
Level

Criterion

Level 1
Level 2The building does not specifically consider a heating plan in major rooms.
(No corresponding level)
The building considers an appropriate heating plan in an integrated space including the livingroom.
(No corresponding level)
The building considers an appropriate heating plan in major rooms.

Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*Even if there is no plan to install a heating system, the house is to be rated as Level 3 if a certain
arrangement is made to prevent uneven temperature distribution, including the use of a ceiling fan.
Assessment not applicable:*A residence is to be excluded from assessment if its major living rooms are considered to be capable ofmaintaining a comfortable thermal environment even without a heating system and the heating of theserooms is not planned at all.
■ Description
In this assessment, "proper planning for heating" means planning for a heating system that realizes uniform
temperature distribution throughout the room and a thermal environment with little air current. As a guideline fordetermining the appropriateness of such planning, "selection of heating capacity" and "installation location" areadopted in the assessment (see "Guidelines for Determining the Adequacy of Heating Planning" below).
The heating devices subject to this evaluation are those that can be used as a primary heater during stationary
operation; such heaters as kotatsu (a table with an electric heater) and halogen heaters are not to be included.
The term "major living rooms" refers to an "integrated space including the main living room" and the "mainbedroom." The house should be rated as Level 3 if heating is properly planned in the integrated space including
the main living room, or as Level 5 if such a plan is designed in major living rooms including the main bedroom.
The house should be also rated as Level 5 if a whole-house air-conditioning system is in place.

2

A house should be evaluated as Level 1 if any of the following holds true:
a. A heater that discharges exhaust fumes inside the room is used,b. A heater is placed where there is an obstacle in the path of the air discharge and/or intake, orc. The building does not satisfy the criterion of Level 3.
Guidelines for Determining the Adequacy of Heating Planning
The following are guidelines for proper planning of the main heating devices:
1. Air Conditioner
Item
Selection of
Heating
Capacity44

Guidelines
An air conditioner of the appropriate capacity to heat the entire living room is selectedaccording to the size, thermal insulation performance, and airtightness of the room.
・Since the heating capacity surpasses the cooling capacity in any type of air conditioner,an air conditioner is considered to have the required level of heating capacity if it isselected according to the standards in “Q1.1.2.2 Proper planning for cooling.” It should
be noted that an air conditioner selected based on the heating load may not havesufficient cooling capacity.
・It should be noted that, if there is a large stairwell or there are large window surfaces, an
air conditioner may lack sufficient heating capacity even if selected according to theCASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

Consideration of
Installation
Locationabove standards.
See “(Reference) Proper Location for a Room Air Conditioner” in “QH1.1.2.2 Proper planningfor cooling.”

2. FF Heater, Semi-hermetic Heater
Item

Guidelines

Selection of
Heating
Capacity

Consideration of
Installation
Location

A heater having a capacity equal to or greater than the maximum heating load of the target
living room should be selected. However, the device should not have an excessive heating
capacity.
・The maximum heating load can be calculated individually, or by using the values in thetable below.
・It should be noted that the heating capacity may not be sufficient if the assumptions
made for calculation of the values below significantly differ from the attributes of theliving room (e.g., Thermal Insulation Area Zones I & II under Energy-Saving Standards*,
stairwell, etc).
① The space in front of the device should be clear of obstacles.
② The device should be installed under the window in the case of a koshimado (a window
from waist height up) or next to the window in the case of a hakidashimado (a window
from the floor up) if cold drafts are a concern around the opening.
③ In the case of a snowy region, the device should be installed so that the outdoor air
intake/discharge part of the device will not be covered with snow.

(Reference) Guidelines for Maximum Heating Load in Thermal Insulation Area Zones III and IV* under EnergySaving Standards (W/m2):
Insulated
Envelope

Window
Surface Area
Small

High
Large
Small
Medium
Large
Small
Low
Large

Upstairs
Roof
Room
Roof
Room
Roof
Room
Roof
Room
Roof
Room
Roof
Room

Maximum Heating Load
Zone III
Zone IV
166
144
184
160
207
180
230
200
290
252
322
280

153
133
170
148
191
167
213
185
268
233
298
259

Values calculated based on the SHASE S112-2000 (formerly HASS 112-2000) standards established by
The Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan.

Calculation
assumptions

Insulated envelope:

Windows:
Upstairs:

Room temperature:High:

Double-glazed glass, ceiling/wall/floor glass
wool 100 mm
Medium: Single-glazed glass, ceiling/wall/floor glass
wool 50 mm
Low:
Single-glazed glass, no ceiling/wall/floor glass
wool
Small:
1,800 mm x 900 mm
Large: 1,800 mm x 1,800 mm
Roof:
There is no room but only the roof above theliving room concerned.
Room: There is a room above the living room
concerned.
20 degrees Celsius.

* Thermal Insulation Area Zones under Energy-Saving Standards: See Part III, Section 3.2, “Reference Materials forAssessment (Reference 1).”45

Part II Q 1
HComfortable, Healthy and Safe Indoor
Environment

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

3. Floor Heating
Floor heating should be installed in a way that ensures uniform temperature distribution within the living room
concerned and with consideration for the user's activity patterns. The key points are as follows:
Item
Selection of
Heating
Capacity

Consideration of
Installation
Location

Guidelines① The installed floor heating should cover approximately 60% or more of the floor area ofthe living rooms (inside dimensions). In this case, the projecting areas of fixtures that
extend from floor to ceiling (e.g., closet, system kitchen) should be excluded from thefloor area of these living rooms.
② When the main living room, which is one of the major living rooms, joins the kitchen orother spaces to form an integrated space, it is desirable to also install floor heating in the
kitchen or other spaces. Otherwise, the area of the main living room covered by the floor
heating should be maximized to approximately 70% or more.
・It should be noted that, if there is a large stairwell or there are large window surfaces,
the floor heating may lack sufficient heating capacity even if selected according to theabove standards.
① Floor heating should be installed near windows to prevent cold drafts.
② Floor heating should be installed in consideration of daily activity areas and in-housemobility.

4. Radiator
Item
Selection of
Heating
Capacity
Consideration of
Installation
Location

Guidelines
In the same way as for FF and semi-hermetic heaters.

The radiator should be installed near a window (e.g., under a koshimado) to prevent cold
drafts.

2
The devices subject to evaluation in "LRH1.2.1.1 Heating system" should be the same as those evaluated as aheating system for an "integrated space including the main living room" in this section.

46

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

2

Health, Safety, and Security

2.1 Countermeasures against chemical contaminants■ Assessment Item
Evaluate whether adequate measures are taken to avoid indoor air pollution from chemical contaminants.

■ Assessment Level
Level
Criterion
Level 1
(No corresponding level)
Level 2
(No corresponding level)
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 1 in Section 6-1, "Countermeasures against
Level 3
Formaldehyde (Interior, Ceiling Plenum, etc.)," of the Japan Housing Performance Indication
Standards.
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 2 in Section 6-1, " Countermeasures against
Level 4
Formaldehyde (Interior, Ceiling Plenum, etc.)," of the Japan Housing Performance Indication
Standards.
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 3 in Section 6-1, " Countermeasures against
Level 5
Formaldehyde (Interior, Ceiling Plenum, etc.)," of the Japan Housing Performance Indication
Standards.
Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
Houses are to be evaluated based on Section 6-1, "Countermeasures against Formaldehyde (Interior, Ceiling
Plenum, etc.)," of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards. The areas to be evaluated include
interior finish (except pillars or other axis materials, crown moldings, window sills, skirtings, fitted framing, paints
used partially, and adhesives) and base materials used in the ceiling plenum or other spaces (except in cases
where certain arrangements such as ventilation are made there). The scope of this evaluation is the entire
house.
(Reference) Section 6-1, "Countermeasures against Formaldehyde (Interior, Ceiling Plenum, etc.)," of the Japan
Housing Performance Indication Standards
Formaldehyde
Emission Grade
Grade 3
Grade 2
Grade 1

Formaldehyde emissions from specified building materials used for the finish of the interior
furnishings of living rooms or for the base of the ceiling plenum or other spaces that have no
ventilation system
Formaldehyde emissions are extremely low (equivalent to F☆☆☆☆ or higher in theJapanese Industrial Standards or Japanese Agricultural Standards).
Formaldehyde emissions are low (equivalent to F☆☆☆ or higher in the Japanese Industrial
Standards or Japanese Agricultural Standards).
Other than the above

47

Part II Q 1
HComfortable, Healthy and Safe Indoor
Environment

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

2.2 Proper planning for ventilation■ Assessment Item
Evaluate whether any arrangements are made to ensure that indoor-generated pollutants are properly
removed by ventilation or other methods.
■ Assessment Level
Level

Criterion

Level 1
Level 2

(No corresponding level)
The building does not satisfy the criterion of Level 3.
The building considers appropriate plans, such as ventilation, to take care of pollutants generated
in the kitchen, toilet, or bathroom.
(No corresponding level)
The building satisfies the criterion of Level 3 and is also designed to ensure the required
ventilation for each room.

Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
Level 3 evaluates whether polluted air generated in the kitchen, toilet, or bathroom flows into living rooms. It
also evaluates whether local ventilation is designed in such rooms where pollutants are generated so as toprevent the front door from being affected by unwanted force when it is opened or closed due to an excessive
differential pressure between the interior and exterior caused by ventilation systems, and so as not to cause thebackflow of exhaust fumes from semi-hermetic burning appliances. Particularly in the kitchen, where return air is
exhausted in large volume, it is desirable to use a ventilating fan that simultaneously supplies and discharges airor to install an air-supply inlet that opens as the ventilator starts. A room will also meet the criterion of Level 3 if it
has a window to allow necessary local ventilation. Guidelines on the volumes of local ventilation are provided in
the table below.

2

Table Guidelines on Volumes of Local Ventilation (See "Guide to Energy-saving Standards for Houses" by
IBEC.)
Room
Kitchen Gas Heat Source(with Hood)
Kitchen Electricity
Bathroom
Washroom
ToiletLaundry

Guideline on Volume of Ventilation
The greater of 30 KQ or 300 m3/h (K: theoretical amount of exhaust gas,
Q: amount of fuel consumption)
300 m3/h
100 m3/h
60 m3/h
40 m3/h
60 m3/hThe criterion of Level 5 is met if the required volume of ventilation is ensured for individual rooms, rather thanfor the whole residence. It requires that the air volume be calculated or actually measured after construction, orthat the house be designed based on the "Rules for Ensuring the Required Volume of Ventilation."
Even if the volume of ventilation meets the requirements of the Building Standards Act for the whole building,certain areas of the house might have stale air due to inadequate airflow paths. This section therefore requires
ventilation to maintain the air quality of individual living rooms. It does not necessarily require outdoor air to bedelivered directly into the room, but does require a supply of air whose pollutant concentration is sufficiently
below the acceptable contaminant levels so that it can dilute pollutants generated in each room to below therequired levels.
The use of a duct requires caution as air volume is greatly affected by the effects of pressure loss. Refer to
Chapter 7 of the "Guide to Energy-saving Standards for Houses" by IBEC for specific information on methods ofventilation in general.

48

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

2.3 Precautions against crime■ Assessment Item
Openings are evaluated for measures to prevent intrusions.

■ Assessment Level
Level
Criterion
Level 1
No particular measures taken.
Level 2
(No corresponding level)
With regard to openings of a size that would allow intrusion, some measures against intrusion
Level 3have been taken for the entrance to the building and for other openings whose lower edge is adistance of 2 m or less from ground level.
With regard to openings of a size that would allow intrusion, effective measures to prevent
Level 4
intrusion have been taken for the entrance to the building and for other openings whose lower
edge is a distance of 2 m or less from ground level.
The building satisfies the criterion of Level 4 and, in addition, with regard to openings of a sizethat would allow intrusion, effective measures to prevent intrusion have been taken for openings
Level 5whose lower edge is a distance of 2 m or less from a balcony, etc. and that are 0.9 m or less inlateral distance from a balcony, etc.
Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
Fundamentally, the security level should be evaluated on the whole by taking into account exteriorarrangements (monitorability), such as fences and hedges, or security systems, but the assessment criteria
specified in Section 10-1, "Intrusion Prevention Arrangements for Openings," of the Japan Housing Performance
Indication Standards, are applied for the time being.
These standards require that, for detached houses, every opening that is large enough to allow intrusions andcorresponds to categories a, b, or c below be designed in a way that can effectively prevent intrusions:a. An opening used as an entrance and exit of the house;b. An opening whose lower edge is a distance of 2 meters or less from ground level, or whose lower edge is adistance of 2 meters or less from a balcony, etc. and that is 0.9 meters or less in lateral distance from abalcony etc. (except the case of an opening corresponding to category a above); or
c. Any opening other than those listed in categories a and b above.
Here, Level 3 requires that "some measures against intrusion" be taken, such as the installation of two locks indifferent places, for the openings listed in category a as well as openings closer to the ground among thoselisted in category b. Level 4 requires that "effective measures to prevent intrusion" be taken for the same
openings as in Level 3. Level 5 requires "effective measures to prevent intrusion" for the openings listed in
category a as well as all of the openings listed in category b.
Table Openings with effective measures to prevent intrusion(A)(1)

Any openings that are designed to open
and close and are used as an entrance
and exit of the house(B)i

Doors and locks that correspond to either a or b below
are used:a. Any doors that are confirmed to have a function toprevent intrusions (for doors that allow the passage ofa block whose cross-sectional dimensions correspond
to a, b, or c in the “openings of a size that would allow
intrusion” specified below, only those that use glass
confirmed to have a function to prevent intrusions

49

Part II Q 1
H2

Comfortable, Healthy and Safe Indoor
Environment(2)

Any openings that are designed to open
and close and are not used as an
entrance or exit of the house(3)

Any openings that are not designed toopen and close

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)[including glass that is confirmed to have a function toprevent intrusions with the use of window film]) and areequipped with two or more locks. In this case, one ormore of these locks should be confirmed to have afunction to prevent intrusions and to be equipped witha sickle-shaped deadbolt. In addition, one or more ofthese locks should be designed to make it impossible
for an intruder to manipulate the thumbturn even bymaking a hole in the door and extending an arm inside.
b. Any other doors and locks that are confirmed to havethe same capability as those listed in a.
ii Amado (storm doors), shutters, or other types of windowpanes that are confirmed to have a function to prevent
intrusions are in place.
i Sashes confirmed to have a function to prevent intrusions(only those with two or more crescent locks or others)
and glass (including glass that is confirmed to have afunction to prevent intrusions with the use of window film)
are used.
ii Measures specified in (1) i above are in place.
iii Amado (storm doors), shutters, gratings, or other types ofwindow panes that are confirmed to have a function toprevent intrusions are in place.
i Glass confirmed to have a function to prevent intrusions(including glass that is confirmed to have a function toprevent intrusions with the use of window film) is usedii Amado (storm doors), shutters, gratings, or other types ofwindow panes that are confirmed to have a system toprevent intrusions are in place.

■ Explanation of Terminology
Openings of a size that would allow intrusion:
Any openings leading into the inside of the house that allow one of the blocks whose cross-sectional
dimensions are listed in a to c below to pass through:a. A rectangle measuring 400 mm on the long side and 250 mm on the short side,b. An ellipse measuring 400 mm on the major axis and 300 mm on the minor axis, orc. A circle measuring 350 mm in diameter.
Effective measures to prevent intrusion:
The measures are specified in column (B) of the above table, according to the opening type listed in (A) of thesame table. The components in (B) can be interpreted as CP-marked building components set forth by the "Joint
Public-Private Convention."
Some measures against intrusion:
Any measures considered somewhat effective to prevent crime, such as the installation of two regular locks,
even though they do not correspond to "effective measures to prevent intrusion" above.
CP Components:
The CP (crime prevention) mark has been established by the Joint Public-Private Convention to promote theuse of crime-prevention building components, and can be used by manufacturers, etc. of the listed products. The
latest versions of the lists are available on the Japan Crime Prevention Association's website (http://cpbohan.jp/).
The Center for Better Living provides on its website a database that contains pictures, features, and otherinformation on the listed products (http://www.blhp.org/labo/bohan/).

50

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

3Brightness

3.1 Use of daylight■ Assessment Item
Evaluate structural arrangements to direct sunlight into the rooms based on the window opening ratio,
window direction, and presence of daylight utilization facilities.
■ Assessment Level
Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Criterion
Simple opening ratio: Less than 15%
Simple opening ratio: 15% or more and less than 20%
Simple opening ratio: 20% or more
(May be selected if the Conditions for adding points are met.)(May be selected if the Conditions for adding points are met.)

Availability of conditions for adding points:*Available
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
In principle, a larger window area in a living room is considered better. Active utilization of daylight in "anintegrated space including the living room" and "bedrooms" in particular are rated highly. If there are other livingrooms that are used for an extended period of time, however, the bedrooms may be replaced with such livingrooms in the assessment.
Conditions for adding points
In the evaluation using the simple opening ratio, ratings can be raised by up to two levels if the following
conditions are met:
1. The building maintains, in an integrated space including the living room, the effective daylight-receiving area
specified by the Building Standards Act as a window on the southern side or a skylight or has a daylightutilization system installed.
2. The building maintains, in the bedrooms, the effective daylight-receiving area specified by the BuildingStandards Act as a window on the southern side or a skylight or has a daylight utilization system installed.
"A window on the southern side" in the Conditions for adding points includes windows inclined within ±45
degrees of south. "A daylight utilization system" is an apparatus that captures (gathers) light, or directs light into
the back of the room, such as light shelves, light ducts, or condensers.
Method of Calculating Simple Opening Ratio
Calculation of the simple opening ratio is pursuant to Section 7-1, "Simple Opening Ratio," of the Japan
Housing Performance Indication Standards:
W = A / S x 100,
where
W is the opening ratio (in %),A is the sum of the area of the openings in the living rooms of the target house (only the openings thatface the outside and can be opened, or are made of light-permeable materials) (in m2), andS is the sum of the floor areas of the living rooms (in m2).

51

Part II Q 1
H4

Comfortable, Healthy and Safe Indoor
Environment

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Quietness■ Assessment Item
Evaluate whether quietness in the rooms is assured on the basis of the performance of sound insulation
against outdoor noise, etc.
■ Assessment Level
Level

Criterion

Level 1
Level 2

(No corresponding level)(No corresponding level)
The building is designed to have openings in the exterior walls equivalent to Grade 1 in Section
8-4, "Transmission Loss Grades (Exterior Wall Openings)," of the Japan Housing Performance
Indication Standards.
The building is designed to have openings in the exterior walls equivalent to Grade 2 in Section
8-4, "Transmission Loss Grades (Exterior Wall Openings)," of the Japan Housing Performance
Indication Standards.
The building is designed to have openings in the exterior walls equivalent to Grade 3 in Section
8-4, "Transmission Loss Grades (Exterior Wall Openings)," of the Japan Housing Performance
Indication Standards.

Level 3

Level 4

Level 5

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
The evaluation is conducted according to Section 8-4, "Transmission Loss Grades (Exterior Wall Openings),"of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards.
This section assesses sound insulation performance against outdoor noise, etc. based on impermeability toairborne sound. Primarily, this should be evaluated by taking various given conditions into account, such as thelocations of ventilation outlets or noise sources. Here, however, the performances of sashes and door sets thatare considered highly influential are used for convenience.
The subjects of the evaluation are the sashes and door sets having the lowest performance of all the sashes
and door sets built on the exterior walls of living rooms.
Sound insulation levels can be obtained from the manufacturers. If they are not obtained, or a combination ofsashes is to be evaluated, the results of measurements carried out by the method defined in the JIS A1416
Japanese Industrial Standard can be used.

2■ Explanation of Terminology
Sound Transmission Loss Rm(1/3):
Mean sound transmission loss values measured by third-octave band analysis, specified by the JIS A1419-1
Japanese Industrial Standard.
(Reference) Section 8-4, "Transmission Loss Grades (Exterior Wall Openings)," of the Japan Housing
Performance Indication Standards
Transmission Loss
Degree of airborne sound insulation of sashes used for the exterior wall openings of a living
Grades (Exteriorroom in each direction
Wall Openings)
Grade 3
Grade 2
Grade 1

52

Particularly outstanding insulation performance is provided (equal to or higher than Rm(1/3)25 in the Japanese Industrial Standards).
Outstanding insulation performance is provided (equal to or higher than Rm(1/3)-20 in theJapanese Industrial Standards).
Other than the above

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

53Part II Q 2
H1

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Ensuring a Long Service Life

Basic Life Performance

1.1 Building frames■ Assessment Item
Evaluate the basic performance of the building frames in terms of assuring a longer service life based on
the degree of measures required to extend the period up to when large-scale renovation, such as
replacement of materials used in the building frames, becomes necessary.
■ Assessment Level
Level

Criterion

Level 1
Level 2

(No corresponding level)(No corresponding level)
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 1 in Section 3-1, "Deterioration ResistanceLevel 3
Grades (Building Frames, etc.)," of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards.
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 2 in Section 3-1, "Deterioration ResistanceLevel 4
Grades (Building Frames, etc.)," of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards.
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 3 in Section 3-1, "Deterioration ResistanceLevel 5
Grades (Building Frames, etc.)," of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards.
Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
The scoring criteria are based on Section 3-1, "Deterioration Resistance Grades (Building Frames, etc.)," ofthe Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards.

2(Reference) Section 3-1, "Deterioration Resistance Grades (Building Frames, etc.)," of the Japan Housing
Performance Indication Standards
Deterioration
Degree of measures required to extend the period up to when large-scale renovation,
Resistance Gradesuch as replacement of materials used in the building frames, becomes necessary.
(Building Frames, etc.)
Grade 3

Grade 2
Grade 1

54

Measures required to extend the period up to when large-scale renovation becomes
necessary over three generations (about 75-90 years), under normally assumed
natural conditions and maintenance, have been implemented.
Measures required to extend the period up to when large-scale renovation becomes
necessary over two generations (about 50-60 years), under normally assumed natural
conditions and maintenance, have been implemented.
Measures specified in the Building Standards Act have been implemented.

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

1.2 Exterior wall materials■ Assessment Item
Evaluate the basic life performance of the base materials of exterior walls based on their years of durability
and renewability.
■ Assessment Level
Level
Criterion
Level 1
A service life of less than 12 years can be expected.
Level 2A service life of 12 years to less than 25 years can be expected.
Level 3A service life of 25 years to less than 50 years can be expected.
Level 4
A service life of 50 years to less than 100 years can be expected.
Level 5
(May be selected if the Conditions for adding points are met.)
Availability of conditions for adding points:*Available
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
The scoring criteria are based on the Century Housing System accreditation criteria, "Construction Methods(Ease of Maintenance)" (The Center for Better Living). The evaluation covers the base materials of exterior walls(or unpainted surface materials, such as tiles). The years of durability are determined by one of the following:● Years of durability verified by accelerated deterioration tests, etc.
● Replacement period indicated on product catalogues, etc.
● Years of durability indicated in the table on the following page.
When multiple types of exterior wall materials have been used, the evaluation is based on the material thatcovers the largest area.
Note) Joint waterproofing, coatings, and paint are less durable than the base materials of exterior walls, but are
excluded from evaluation on the assumption that they will be maintained appropriately.
Conditions for adding points:
The evaluation is raised one level when any of the following applies:a) The building uses a structural or installation method that does not damage the building structure (or backing
material) that is more durable than the exterior wall materials when exterior wall materials are replaced.
Examples: Exterior wall materials are set through a dry construction method without the use of mortar oradhesives (placement of tiles and siding boards using fixing brackets, ALC dry construction
method).
Exterior wall materials are fixed using hook-type metal fixing brackets.
b) The building uses a structural or installation method that does not damage the exterior fittings that are as
durable as the exterior wall materials when exterior wall materials are replaced.
Example: Window sashes do not have to be removed when replacing exterior wall materials.
c) The components making up the exterior wall materials are constituted in the form of units, so that renewalby the constituent unit is possible.
Examples: Exterior walls made of multiple panels, PC curtain wall55

Part II Q 2
HCASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Ensuring a Long Service Life

(Reference 1) List of Years of Durability of Exterior Wall Materials
Years of Durability
50
60
100
60
60
60
40
60
40
30
30
15
40
40
60
40
60
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
15
30
30
30
30
50
50
40
60
30

2

Type of Exterior Wall Material
Autoclaved lightweight concrete (ALC) board
Concrete block (type C, thickness: 100 mm)
Concrete (fair-faced concrete)Granite (wet construction method)
Granite (dry construction method)
Teppeiseki stone (pyroxene andesite) (square tile)
Porcelain tile (floating method)
Porcelain tile (placing method)
Porcelain tile
Beaded clapboard
Vertical siding
Colored steel sheet (thickness: 1.0 mm)
Aluminum spandrel (thickness: 1.0 mm)
Fluororesin spandrel (thickness: 0.5 mm)
Stainless spandrel (thickness: 0.4 mm)
Aluminum panel (thickness: 1.0 mm)
Stressed panel (thickness: 0.8 mm)
Mortar with brushed finish (thickness: 25 mm)
Mortar with brushed finish (thickness: 30 mm)
Mortar with brushed finish (thickness: 35 mm)
Mortar with scratched lysine finish (white cement)
Mortar with scratched lysine finish“DIA Lysine” (thickness: 25 mm including base)
Stucco (rough finish, thickness: 6-8 mm)
Acrylic lysine
Epoxy sprayed tile (mortar base)
Epoxy sprayed tile (concrete base)Slate (small undulations, nailed)Slate (small undulations, hook bolted)
Calcium silicate boards (thickness: 6 mm, metal joiner tapping screw)
Pearlite boards (thickness: 8 mm, nailed)
ALC panel (thickness: 125 mm)Excelsior-cement panel D (thickness: 25 mm)
SidingFormed cement board (thickness: 60 mm)
Extruded cement panel

Source: Manual for Building Life Cycle Energy Calculation Program (Building Research Institute Data No. 91),
1997

56

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria(Reference 2) Century Housing System Accreditation Criteria
Parts must have appropriate durability levels. Treatment methods (final treatment, recycling, reuse) at thedisposal stage must be taken into account for parts with a short period of durability. The following durability
levels are considered to be a measure of durability that integrates various types of durability such as physicaldurability and functional durability, as well as social durability.
Durability Levels:
Type 04
Expected period of durability: 3-6 years
Type 08
Expected period of durability: 6-12 years
Type 15
Expected period of durability: 12-25 years
Type 30
Expected period of durability: 25-50 years
Type 60
Expected period of durability: 50-100 years
Interfaces between parts and construction methods must correspond to differences in durability levels andconform with the following rules:a) When renewing parts with new parts that are less durable than the remaining parts, the structure and fixing
method of the new parts should be such that they will not damage the existing parts.
b) In the case of parts that have equal durability, their structure and fixing method should be such that they will
not damage the existing parts when being renewed.
c) Parts that are composed of parts with the same level of durability should be structured in a way that allows
the components to be renewed unit by unit. Parts that are composed of parts with different levels of
durability should be structured in such a way that the replacement of less-durable parts (expendable parts)
will not affect the other parts or the whole unit.
(Reference 3) Examples of Evaluation Cases
Regular construction of a siding wall (timber framework method)
Vertical furring strips
Intermediate flashing
Projecting corner

Projecting
corner
Vertical furring
stripsWaterproof paper
455 mmor less

455 mmor less

Plywood

455 mmor less

455 mmor less→Level 3

Waterproof paper
Thermal insulationmaterial
Stud
PillarHorizontal
furring strips

SidingRecessed corner

SidingBase flashing

Foundation

Base

Vertical siding, horizontal furring strips

Recessed cornerBase flashing

Foundation

Base

Horizontal siding, vertical furring strips

Reference: Ceramic Siding and Standard Construction
Published by the Japan Fiber Reinforced Cement Sidings Manufacturers Association

Regular construction of a mortar wall (timber framework method)
Pegged waterproof paper (joint)
Tacker nail @ 300 mm→Level 3
Pegged lath
Tacker nail @ 100 mm
Frame
Waterproof
paper joint,
90 mm ormore
Backing board, 5 boards or less,staggered alignment

Metal lath

Waterproof
paper
covering

Reference: Technical Guide for Design and Construction of
Wooden-Frame Houses
Published by the Mokujukyo Association

57

Part II Q 2
HCASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Ensuring a Long Service Life

1.3 Roofing materials/flat roof
■ Assessment Item
Evaluate members and waterproofing materials of roofing materials and any flat roof based on their years ofdurability and renewability.
■ Assessment Level
Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Criterion
A service life of less than 12 years can be expected.
A service life of 12 years to less than 25 years can be expected.
A service life of 25 years to less than 50 years can be expected.
A service life of 50 years to less than 100 years can be expected.
(May be selected if the Conditions for adding points are met.)

Availability of conditions for adding points:*Available
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
The scoring criteria are based on the Century Housing System accreditation criteria, "Construction Methods(Ease of Maintenance)" (The Center for Better Living). The subjects of evaluation are surface materials such as
roofing; specifically, either "roofing materials" including roof tiles or slates, or a "waterproofing layer" such as
sheet waterproofing or mortar waterproofing. The decision as to which of these is to be evaluated is madeaccording to the following rules:● If the roof is a sloped roof, as a rule it is evaluated in terms of the roofing materials.
● If the roof is a flat roof, as a rule it is evaluated in terms of the waterproofing layer.
● However, a flat roof is evaluated in terms of the roofing materials if the waterproofing layer is not exposed,
as in the case of a folded-plate roof.
● A balcony mounted on top of the roofing materials by means of a trestle, etc. is evaluated in terms of theroofing materials.

2

In cases where the roofing materials are evaluated
The years of durability are determined by one of the following:● Years of durability verified by accelerated deterioration tests, etc.
● Replacement period described in the product catalogue.
● Years of durability listed in "(Reference 1) List of Years of Durability of Roofing Materials."● Performance in actual housing.
Whenever multiple types of roofing materials have been used, the material that covers the largest area is to beevaluated (excluding base materials, gutters, and steel plates).
Conditions for adding points:
The rating of the roofing materials will be raised by one level when either of the following conditions is met:a) For replacement of roofing materials, a structure or installation method is used that does not damage thebacking material (roof sheathing board) of higher durability than the roofing materials.
Examples: Roofing material has been fixed in place through a dry construction method without the useof clay or mortar. Roofing material has been fixed using hook-type metal brackets.
b) The components making up the roof are constituted in the form of units, so that renewal by the constituent
unit is possible.
Example: Roofing material or folded-plate roof made of multiple panels
In cases where the waterproofing layer is evaluated
The years of durability are determined by one of the following:● Years of durability verified by accelerated deterioration tests.

58

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria●●

Replacement period described in the product catalogue, etc.
Years of durability listed in "(Reference 2) List of Years of Durability of Waterproofing Materials."

Conditions for adding points:
Satisfaction of the following conditions will raise the rating by up to two levels:
Part 1 Ease of replacement
The rating of waterproofing materials will be raised by one level when either of the following conditions is met:a) For replacement of waterproofing materials, a structure or installation method is used that does not damage
the exterior fittings such as sashes or doors of higher durability than the waterproofing material.
Example: The waterproofing material can be replaced without removing sashes or any other fixtures.
b) The components making up the waterproofing layer are constituted in the form of units, so that renewal by
the constituent unit is possible.
Example: Waterproofing pan
Part 2 Deterioration mitigation treatment
The rating of waterproofing materials will be raised by one level when either of the following conditions is met:a) Treatment has been carried out to mitigate deterioration of waterproofing materials.
Examples: Flashing or other finishing material acts as a solar insulation shield for the waterproofing
material (e.g., finishing material for walking on has been set in place on the balcony).
An appropriate slope is provided to prevent water retention.
A design that enables the retention of drainage performance or appropriate maintenance has
been planned (e.g., placement of nets to prevent clogging by dead leaves, a plan forremoving leaves, etc.).
b) Appropriate treatment has been carried out for isolation of the waterproofing layer.
Examples: The waterproofing layer has been isolated from the building frame so as to be unaffected byvibration of the building frame.
The waterproofing layer has the resilience to absorb building frame vibration.
The joints of sheets have been welded or otherwise processed to prevent separation.
(Reference 1) List of Years of Durability of Roofing Materials
Years of Durability
15
15
15
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
50
50
50
60
30
30
30
30
10
60

Type of Exterior Wall Material
Colored steel sheet (flat roof)
Colored steel sheet (batten-seam roofing)
Colored steel sheet (folded-sheet roofing)
Fluororesin steel sheet (flat roof)
Fluororesin steel sheet (batten-seam roofing)
Fluororesin steel sheet
Fluororesin steel sheet (folded-sheet roofing)
Colored aluminum (flat roof)
Colored aluminum (batten-seam roofing)
Colored aluminum (folded-sheet roofing)
Colored (turncoat) stainless sheet (flat roof)
Colored (turncoat) stainless sheet (batten-seam roofing)
Colored (turncoat) stainless sheet (folded-sheet roofing)
Copper sheet (flat roof)
Colonial roofing
Colonial roofing (RC base)
Asphalt shingle roofing
Asphalt shingle roofing (RC base)
Vinyl chloride corrugated sheet
Japanese roof tiles (Western-style roof tiles)

Source: Manual for Building Life Cycle Energy Calculation Program (Building Research Institute Data No. 91),
1997
Note: Galvalium steel plates, which are not listed in the above table, are considered to have a durability almost
equal to that of fluororesin steel plates.

59

Part II Q 2
HCASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Ensuring a Long Service Life

(Reference 2) List of Years of Durability of Waterproofing Materials
Years of Durability

Type of Exterior Wall Material

30
Asphalt waterproofing (on a walkway)
15
Asphalt waterproofing (exposed)
15
Sheet waterproofing (on a walkway )15
Sheet waterproofing (exposed)
15
Mortar waterproofing
10
Waterproof coating film
Source: Manual for Building Life Cycle Energy Calculation Program (Building Research Institute Data No. 91),
1997

(Reference 3) Examples of Evaluation
In the case of Japanese roof tiles:
Durability of Japanese roof tiles: 60 years (Reference 1) → Level 4
Laid by the dry construction method → + 1 level as the Conditions for adding points are met.
Therefore, the use of Japanese roof tiles is evaluated as Level 5.

Japanese roof tile (porcelain): Fixed by nails
Asphalt roofing: 940 mm
Waterproof plywood: t = 12 mm
Roof rafter 45 x 90 mm @ 455 mm L

2

Eave soffit: Calcium silicate board, t = 5 mm

60

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

In the case of metal sheet batten-seam roofing:
Durability of colored steel sheets: 15 years (Reference 1) Å® Level 2
Laid by the dry construction method Å® + 1 level as the Conditions for adding points are met.
Therefore, the use of colored steel sheet is evaluated as Level 3.

Colored steel sheet: t = 0.35 mm, batten-seam roofing
Asphalt roofing: 940 mm
Waterproof plywood: t = 12 mm
Roof rafter: 45 x 90 mm @ 455 mm L

Eave soffit: Calcium silicate board, t = 5 mm

61

Part II Q 2
HEnsuring a Long Service LifeCASBEE for Home (Detached House)

1.4 Resistance against natural disasters■ Assessment Item
Evaluate the strength of the building against natural disasters based on the strength of the building
structure against earthquakes, in terms of resistance to collapse and destruction.
■ Assessment Level
Level
Criterion
Level 1
(No corresponding level)
Level 2
(No corresponding level)
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 1 in Section 1-1, "Seismic Resistance Grades
Level 3
(Prevention of Collapse of Building Structures)," of the Japan Housing Performance Indication
Standards.
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 2 in Section 1-1, "Seismic Resistance Grades
Level 4(Prevention of Collapse of Building Structures)," of the Japan Housing Performance Indication
Standards.
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 3 in Section 1-1, "Seismic Resistance Grades
Level 5(Prevention of Collapse of Building Structures)," of the Japan Housing Performance Indication
Standards.
Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*A building will be rated as Level 5 if seismic isolation or vibration control apparatus has been installed,provided that the performance of the apparatus is verified by demonstration tests as an integral part of thebuilding, that the apparatus is used for the building in compliance with the established design method, andthat such compliance with the method has been confirmed.
Assessment not applicable:
*None

2

■ Description
Although the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards contain seven items in the category of"Structural Stability," evaluation is made only for one of these items, "Prevention of Collapse of Building
Structures," as a representative of the seven items.
(Reference) Section 1-1, "Seismic Resistance Grades (Prevention of Collapse of Building Structures)," of theJapan Housing Performance Indication Standards
Seismic Resistance
Grades (Prevention of Strength of the building frame against earthquakes, in terms of resistance to collapse
Collapse of Building
and destruction
Structures)
Grade 3

Grade 2

Grade 162

The building can withstand 1.5 times the strength of an earthquake (stipulated in
Article 88, Clause 3 of the Building Standards Act) that occurs very rarely (once every
few hundred years).
The building can withstand 1.25 times the strength of an earthquake (stipulated in
Article 88, Clause 3 of the Building Standards Act) that occurs very rarely (once every
few hundred years).
The building can withstand the strength of an earthquake (stipulated in Article 88,
Clause 3 of the Building Standards Act) that occurs very rarely (once every few
hundred years).

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

1.5 Fire preparedness
1.5.1 Fire-resistant structure (excluding openings)■ Assessment Item
Evaluate exterior walls (excluding openings) where fire could spread, based on their fire resistance.
■ Assessment Level
Level
Criterion
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 1 in Section 2-6, "Fire Resistance Grades
Level 1
(Places Subject to Fire Damage (other than Openings))," of the Japan Housing Performance
Indication Standards.
Level 2
(No corresponding level)
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 2 in Section 2-6, "Fire Resistance Grades
Level 3
(Places Subject to Fire Damage (other than Openings))," of the Japan Housing Performance
Indication Standards.
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 3 in Section 2-6, "Fire Resistance Grades
Level 4
(Places Subject to Fire Damage (other than Openings))," of the Japan Housing Performance
Indication Standards.
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 4 in Section 2-6, "Fire Resistance Grades
Level 5
(Places Subject to Fire Damage (other than Openings))," of the Japan Housing Performance
Indication Standards.
Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:* Assessment is not applicable to exterior walls that have no places subject to fire damage.
■ Description
The scoring criteria are based on Section 2-6, "Fire Resistance Grades (Places Subject to Fire Damage (otherthan Openings))," of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards.
(Reference) Section 2-6, "Fire Resistance Grades (Places Subject to Fire Damage (other than Openings))," ofthe Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards
Seismic Resistance
Grades (Fire
Length of time for which flames and heat from a fire involving exterior walls (other than
Resistance Grades(Places Subject to Fire openings) where fire could spread are blocked
Damage (other thanOpenings))
Flames are blocked for 60 minutes or more.
Grade 4
Flames are blocked for 45 minutes or more.
Grade 3
Flames are blocked for 20 minutes or more.
Grade 2Other than the above
Grade 1
*Reason that evaluation is limited to places "other than openings":
When evaluating openings using the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards, since "Grade 3:
Flames are blocked for 60 minutes or more" is a specification that is not generally applied to detached houses, it
is difficult to maintain consistency with the CASBEE assessment levels. Therefore, the evaluation only covers
places "other than openings," and openings are excluded from evaluation.

63

Part II Q 2
HEnsuring a Long Service LifeCASBEE for Home (Detached House)

1.5.2 Early detection of fire
■ Assessment Item
Evaluate how readily fire occurring in the house can be detected at an early stage based on theperformance and location of alarm equipment.
■ Assessment Level
Level
Criterion
Level 1
(No corresponding level)
Level 2
(No corresponding level)
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 1 in Section 2-1, "Detection Alarm System
Level 3
Installation Grades (in Case of Residential Fire)," of the Japan Housing Performance Indication
Standards.
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 2 in Section 2-1, "Detection Alarm System
Level 4
Installation Grades (in Case of Residential Fire)," of the Japan Housing Performance Indication
Standards.
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 3 or higher in Section 2-1, "Detection Alarm
Level 5
System Installation Grades (in Case of Residential Fire)," of the Japan Housing Performance
Indication Standards.
Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
The scoring criteria are based on Section 2-1, "Detection Alarm System Installation Grades (in Case of
Residential Fire)," of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards.

2(Reference) Section 2-1, "Detection Alarm System Installation Grades (in Case of Residential Fire)," of theJapan Housing Performance Indication Standards
Detection Alarm
System Installation
Grades (in Case of
Residential Fire)
Grade 4

Grade 3

Grade 2

Grade 164

Level of ease with which the outbreak of a fire in the house under evaluation can bedetected at an early stage
Among possible fires that might occur in the house under evaluation, all fires that startin the kitchen or any living room are detected, and an alarm system that alerts allareas within the house has been installed.
Among possible fires that might occur in the house under evaluation, all fires that startin the kitchen or any living room are detected, and an alarm system that alerts the areaaround the room where the fire has occurred has been installed.
Among possible fires that might occur in the house under evaluation, all fires that startin the kitchen or bedrooms, etc. are detected, and an alarm system that alerts the areaaround the room where the fire has occurred has been installed.
Among possible fires that might occur in the house under evaluation, all fires that startin the bedrooms, etc. are detected and an alarm system that alerts the area around theroom where the fire has occurred has been installed.

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

2

Maintenance

2.1 Ease of maintenance■ Assessment Item
Evaluate the ease of maintenance of drainage pipes, water pipes, gas pipes, and electrical wiring based on
the ease of replacement, etc.
■ Assessment Level
Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Criterion
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 1 in Section 4-1, "Maintenance Grades(Dedicated Piping)," of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards.
(May be selected if the Conditions for adding points are met.)
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 2 in Section 4-1, "Maintenance Grades(Dedicated Piping)," of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards.
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 3 in Section 4-1, "Maintenance Grades(Dedicated Piping)," of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards.
(May be selected if the Conditions for adding points are met.)

Availability of conditions for adding points:*Available
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
The ease of maintenance of the piping of the house is evaluated based on Section 4-1, "Maintenance Grades(Dedicated Piping)," of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards. The grades in the Japan Housing
Performance Indication Standards are as follows:(Reference)Section 4-1, "Maintenance Grades (Dedicated Piping)," of the Japan Housing Performance
Indication Standards
Maintenance Grades(Dedicated Piping)
Grade 3
Grade 2
Grade 1Degree of measures necessary to make maintenance (cleaning, inspection, and repair)of dedicated plumbing and gas pipes easier
Measures have been taken with special consideration for making maintenance easier,such as creating openings for cleaning and inspection.
Basic provisions have been made to make maintenance possible, such as not burying
piping under concrete.
Other than the above

65

Part II Q 2
HCASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Ensuring a Long Service Life

Conditions for adding points:
Satisfaction of the following conditions will raise the rating by up to two levels:
Part 1 Ease of additional installation or replacement of piping
The rating of the piping will be raised by one level when either of the following conditions is met:a) A water-supply header method or hot-water-supply header method is used.
b) An underfloor collective piping system (such as a drainage header method, collective drainage basin
method, etc.) is used.
Diagram of header-system water supply

Diagram of header-system drainage<Main header system>

Water meter

Main line
HeaderPart 2 Electric trunk line capacity planning
The rating of piping will be raised by one level when either of the following conditions is met:a) For buildings using both electricity and gas, the electric trunk line capacity is designed assuming a load
exceeding that stipulated in Interior Wiring Code 3605-1. The method of calculating a load based on Interior
Wiring Code 3605-1 is shown below.
Design capacity of electric trunk line (VA) ≧ 40 VA/m2 × Total floor area m2 + X.

2

*X is set at the following value according to the total floor area:
Total Floor Area

X

50 m or lessMore than 50 and not exceeding 100 m2
More than 100 and less than 150 m2
150 m2 or more

2,500 VA
2,000 VA
1,500 VA
1,000 VA

2*The Interior Wiring Code is a civil standard with specific regulations on design,
implementation, maintenance, and inspection for the “Ordinance Prescribing
Technical Standards regarding Electrical Facilities” based on the Electric
Equipment Business Act.

b) For buildings served by electricity alone, the electric trunk line capacity is designed based on the following
assumption:
Design capacity of electric trunk line (VA) ≧ (60 VA/m2 × Total floor area m2 + X) ×
Overlapping factor + Nighttime heat storage equipment capacity VA.
However, if the total floor area is small, and the assumed load excluding the nighttime heat storage
equipment is less than 7,000 VA, the planned capacity will be 7,000 VA. The overlapping factor is definedas the ratio of the expected load current in the nighttime to the expected load current for ordinary loads andis generally set at 0.7 according to Interior Wiring Code 3545-2.
*X is set at the following value according to the total floor area:
Total Floor Area
X
50 m2 or less
5,500 VA
More than 50 and not exceeding 100 m2
5,000 VA
2
More than 100 and less than 150 m
4,500 VA
150 m2 or more
4,000 VA66

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

2.2 Maintenance system■ Assessment Item
Evaluate efforts related to maintenance after the completion of construction that have a positive effect on
the life performance of the house.

■ Assessment Level
Criterion

Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5(No corresponding level)(No corresponding level)
No action taken.
Corresponds to one of the Efforts to be evaluated.
Corresponds to two or more of the Efforts to be evaluated.

Efforts to be evaluated
No.
1
2

3

EffortA mechanism is incorporated for the implementation of periodic inspections as well as
maintenance, repairs, and replacement at the appropriate times.
A mechanism is incorporated that provides information, such as manuals or periodicals, or aconsultation service to assist the building occupants in continuing appropriate maintenance.
Basic information related to the building (such as design documents, construction records,
specification member list, etc.) and the maintenance history of the building are maintained andused in follow-up inspections when any anomaly occurs.

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
In order to realize a longer service life of a house, efforts that focus on software within a support system
related to maintenance (including the provision of information for that purpose) are important. Maintenance isevaluated based on the availability of such a support system.
For information on housing maintenance, the House Maintenance Guidelines (see the following page) and theHome Inspection/Repair Recording Sheet provided by the Japan Housing Finance Agency ("JU MAP," available
on the Agency's website http://www.jhf.go.jp/jumap/navi/reform/step1.html) can be used as references. Providing
a maintenance program to the occupants with reference to the Japan Housing Finance Agency's materials by
customizing it to meet the needs of the house provided by the supplier can be evaluated as a system that
effectively promotes a longer service life of a house.
Reference: Home Maintenance Handbook (Detached House) Published by the Housing Loan Progress
Association

67

Part II Q 2
HCASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Ensuring a Long Service Life

Detached House (Wooden House)

House Maintenance Guidelines
Inspected Part
Exterior
Parts

Foundation
Continuous footing

Main Inspection Items

Replacement Guideline

Cracks, termite paths, uneven settling,poor ventilation

Every 5-6 years-

Staining, color fading, loss of color,cracks, peeling
Staining, cracks, peeling
Tiled walls
Staining, color fading, loss of color,
Siding walls (ceramics)
cracks, deterioration of seals
Metal sheets, siding walls (metal) Staining, rust, deformation, loosening

Every 2-3 years

Consider repairing the entire wallafter 15-20 years.

Every 3-4 years

Consider repairing the entire wallafter 15-20 years.
Consider repairing the entire wallafter 15-20 years (repaint every 35 years).

Exterior Walls
Mortar walls

Roof
Tile roofing

Every 2-3 years

Displacement, cracks

Every 5-6 years
Every 4-6 years

Metal sheet roofing

Color fading, loss of color, displacement,
cracks, rust
Color fading, loss of color, rust, loosening

Gutters (PVC)

Clogging, displacement, cracks

Eave soffits

Decay, leaks, peeling, warping

Slate roofing

Balconies, Verandas
Wooden parts

2

Inspection Period
Guideline

Every 2-3 years

Every 1-2 years

Metal parts

Decay, damage, termite damage, sinkingof floor
Rust, damage, loosening of handrails

Aluminum parts

Corrosion, damage

Every 3-5 years

Structural Flooring, Frames, Roof trusses
Decay, rust, termite damage, sinking of
Frames Base, flooring
floor, creaking

Pillars, beams
Walls (interior)
Ceilings, roof trusses
StairsExternal Others
Work and Mailbox
OthersGates, fences
Alarm equipment
Security equipment

Every 2-3 years

Every 4-5 years

Decay, damage, termite damage, cracks,
slanting, deformation
Cracks, leaks, joint fractures, decay,
termite damage, rust
Decay, rust, peeling, warping, leaks,
termite damage, cracks
Sinking, decay, rust, termite damage,cracksEvery 10-15 years

Unstable fixing, damage, corrosion,
deformation
Slanting, peeling, cracks
Malfunction, damage

Every year

Consider entire reroofing after 2030 years.
Consider entire reroofing after 1530 years.
Consider entire reroofing after 1015 years (repaint every 3-5
years).
Consider replacing all guttersafter 7-8 years
Consider an entire repair after 1520 years.
Consider replacing all after 15-20
years (repaint every 2-3 years).
Consider replacing all after 10-15
years (repaint every 3-5 years).
Consider replacing all after 20-30
years.
Consider replacing all except
base after 20-30 years (reapply
preservative treatment andtermite repellant after 5-10 years).
-Consider complete replacement
after 10-25 years.
Consider complete replacement
after 12-18 years(Note) The Inspection Period Guideline and Replacement Guideline vary significantly depending on the conditions of the building site,
construction cost, and usage conditions as well as the degree of daily checks and maintenance. The figures listed above are roughgeneral guidelines.

68

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

Inspected Part
IndoorParts

FixturesMain Inspection Items

Floor Finish
Wood floor
Carpeted floor

Creaking, warping, dirt
Mold, mites, dirt

Tatami floor

Unevenness, mites, discoloration, dirt

Vinyl floor

Peeling (curling), dirt, cracks due todeterioration
Dirt and cracks on tiles etc., peeling

Entrance floor
Wall Finish
Walls with vinyl wallpaper
Walls with textile-type wallpaper
Wooden board walls, fancy
plywood walls
Fiber-/sand-coated walls
Ceiling Finish
Japanese-style room ceiling(fancy plywood boards withspaces in between)
Western-style room ceiling(vinyl-wallpapered finish)
Exterior Fixtures
Entrance fixtures
Aluminum sashes

Mold, peeling, dirt

Staining, dirt

Hot-water supply equipment
OthersVentilation equipment (fans)TV reception equipment(antennas, etc.)
Electrical equipment (outlets,
etc.)

Consider according to conditions.

As needed

Consider according to conditions.

Every 2-3 years

Consider replacing after 15-30
years (adjust fit as needed).

Every 2-3 years

Consider when replacing exterior
fixtures.

Every 2-3 years

Consider replacing after 10-20
years (adjust fit as needed).
Consider replacing after 10-20
years (adjust fit as needed).

Change paper
screens every 1-3
years.

Every year

Consider replacing all after 10-15
years.

Gas leaks, deterioration and aging ofpipes
Water leaks, gas leaks, problems withequipment

Every year
Aging anddeterioration ofpipes

Consider replacing all after 15-20
years.
Consider replacing after 10 years.

Malfunction

Every year

Consider replacing all after 15-20
years.
Consider replacing all after 12-18
years.
Consider replacing all after 15-20
years.

Leaks, clogging, bad odor
Leaks, cracks, corrosion, poor ventilation,
rust, wear of sealings, dirt
Lavatory basin and tank leaks, bad odor,
mold, poor ventilation, patina on metalparts, clogging

Gas Facilities
Gas pipes

As needed

Consider according to conditions.

Cracks in tiles, dirt, mold, deterioration ofsealings, clogging of drain outlet
Cracks in joint parts, gaps, dirt, mold,clogging of drain outlet

Drainpipes, traps
Kitchen sink, bathroom facilities

Unit bath

Consider according to conditions.
Consider recarpeting every 6-10
years.
2-3 years after reversal

Consider replacing all after 15-20
years.
Consider replacing after 10-15
years (replace packings every 3-5
years).
Consider replacing all after 15-20
years.

Leaks, wear of packings, degradation ofplastic parts

Bathroom
Tile finish

As needed
Full-scale cleaning
every 1-2 years
Tatami drying 1-2
times a year,
tatami reversal
every 2-3 years.
As needed

Every year

Leaks, rusty water

Faucet equipment

ToiletReplacement Guideline

Loosening, peeling, discoloration, dirt,
cracksPeeling, dirt

Gaps, opening/closing malfunction,
corrosion, problems with attached metalparts
Rain shutter doors, screen doors Rust, decay, fitting problems
Wooden parts of window frames, Decay, leaks, caulking problems
door storage cases, etc.
Interior Fixtures
Wooden fixtures
Gaps, opening/closing malfunction,
problems with attached metal parts
Sliding paper doors, sliding
Gaps, opening/closing malfunction,
paper screensdamage, dirt
Facilities Plumbing Facilities
Water-supply pipes

Inspection Period
Guideline

Unstable fixing, damage, rust,deformation
Malfunction, damage

69

Part II Q 2
H3

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Ensuring a Long Service Life

Functionality

3.1 Size and layout of rooms■ Assessment Item
Evaluate the appropriate size of the floor area of the house and whether the necessary living rooms are
secured.
■ Assessment Level
In cases where the number of occupants has not yet been determined, or when the number of occupants isfixed at four or more, the evaluation will be based on <No. of occupants: 4 (Default)> (a four-member family(husband, wife, and two children) is assumed).
In cases where the number of occupants is fixed at less than 4, the evaluation can be based on different
criteria corresponding to the number of occupants.
＜No. of occupants: 4 (Default)＞
Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5(No corresponding level)
Total floor area ＜ 50 m2
50 m2 ≦ Total floor area ＜ 125 m2
125 m2 ≦ Total floor area
(May be selected if the Conditions for adding points are met.)＜No. of occupants: 3＞
Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

2

Criterion(No corresponding level)
Total floor area ＜ 25 m2
25 m2 ≦ Total floor area ＜ 55 m2
55 m2 ≦ Total floor area
（May be selected if the Conditions for adding points are met.）

Availability of conditions for adding points:*Available
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:
*None

70

Criterion(No corresponding level)
Total floor area ＜ 30 m2
30 m2 ≦ Total floor area ＜ 75 m2
75 m2 ≦ Total floor area
（May be selected if the Conditions for adding points are met.）＜No. of occupants: 1＞
Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Criterion(No corresponding level)
Total floor area ＜ 40 m2
40 m2 ≦ Total floor area ＜ 100 m2
100 m2 ≦ Total floor area
（May be selected if the Conditions for adding points are met.）＜No. of occupants: 2＞
Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Criterion

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria■ Description
The scoring criteria are based on the floor spaces of the targeted housing standards for rural areas and thefloor spaces of the minimum housing standards set forth in the Basic Program for Housing (National Plan)
determined at a meeting of the Cabinet in September 2006.
Level

Criterion

Level 2

Does not conform with the floor spaces of the minimum housing standards.
Conforms with the floor spaces of the minimum housing standards but does not conform with thefloor spaces of the targeted housing standards for rural areas.
Conforms with the floor spaces of the targeted housing standards for rural areas.

Level 3
Level 4

In cases where the number of occupants has not been defined, the evaluation is based on the default
assumption of a general four-member family (husband, wife, and two children).
When the number of occupants is defined as less than four, since it can be assumed that a more comfortableliving environment is provided compared to evaluation based on the default assumption, the evaluation may bebased on the criterion corresponding to the actual number of occupants.
Evaluation based on the actual number of occupants would also make sense for cases where the number ofoccupants exceeds four, but since detached houses that accommodate four people are easy to put into
circulation as second-hand homes, and can therefore become good stock, the evaluation is based on the default
assumption.
Conditions for adding points:
The rating will be raised by one level when the living rooms satisfy all of the following conditions:
1) A dedicated kitchen and other housework space as well as a toilet (flushing toilet in principle), washbasin, andbathroom are constructed.
2) Storage space of a size appropriate for the household composition is installed.
(Reference 1) Floor Space of Houses
The floor space of the house is evaluated using evaluation levels based on the Basic Program for Housing(National Plan). The floor spaces of the targeted housing standards for rural areas and the floor spaces of theminimum housing standards used in setting our criteria are outlined below.
*Floor spaces of the targeted housing standards for rural areas● As an indicator of the size of houses, the floor spaces of the targeted housing standards have been set
as an objective of the National Plan, Item 3, "General improvement of the residential housing market inorder to appropriately meet a broad range of residential needs."
The actual standards are as follows:[Resolving disparities between residential needs and residential housing stock]
Achievement rates of floor spaces of the targeted housing standards among families with small children (refer
to Note):→ Nationwide: 42% (2003) → 50% (2010)
Metropolitan areas: 37% (2003) → 50% (2015)(Note) Families with small children: Families that have a child under the age of 18.
● The floor spaces of the targeted housing standards consist of the floor spaces of the targeted housing
standards for rural areas, based on the assumption of detached houses in the suburbs and areas otherthan urban areas, and the floor spaces of the targeted housing standards for urban areas, based on theassumption of apartment complexes in urban districts and their surrounding areas. Since CASBEE for
Home (Detached House) covers detached houses, this evaluation uses the former standards.
● Equations for floor spaces of the targeted housing standards for rural areas:* Single-person household: 55 m2* Household with two or more members: 25 m2 × Number of household members + 25 m2*Floor spaces of the minimum housing standards● As an indicator of the size of houses, the floor spaces of the minimum housing standards have been set
as an objective of the National Plan, Item 4, "Securing stability of residence for those in special need of
consideration in securing a home."
The actual standards are as follows:71

Part II Q 2
HEnsuring a Long Service LifeCASBEE for Home (Detached House)[Securing stability of residence]● Rate of nonfulfillment of floor spaces of the minimum housing standards → Resolve at an early date.
● Equations for floor spaces of the minimum housing standards:* Single-person household: 25 m2* Household with two or more members: 10 m2 × Number of household members + 10 m2(Reference 2) Conditions for Adding Points
Conditions for adding points were set with reference to the layout of rooms having basic functions in theresidential performance standards set in the Basic Program for Housing (National Plan). An outline is given
below.
In one of the objectives of the Basic Program for Housing (National Plan), Item 1, "Creating a stock ofhigh-quality housing, and bequeathing it to future generations," Section (1), "Maintenance andimprovement of housing quality or performance," the creation of housing stock based on the Housing
Performance Standards is described as a goal.
● The Housing Performance Standards consist of three parts: Basic functions, Living performance, andExterior performance. The "Basic functions" part contains guidelines for room layouts.
● Item (1) in the original text (see below) concerns the size of a house; therefore, items (2) and (3) wereused as Conditions for adding points.
●

Excerpt from the Basic Program for Housing (National Plan)
Attachment 1 Housing Performance Standards
The Housing Performance Standards are guidelines for creating a stock of quality housing, which
possess functions and performance that meet the needs of occupants and the requirements of society.
The details are as follows:
1 Basic functions(1) Layout of rooms, etc.
① Appropriate levels of standards that take into account individual privacy, family gatherings,
entertainment of guests, and leisure activities should be secured in the layout and size of rooms. In anapartment complex in an urban area, appropriate levels should be secured taking into account theconveniences of the city in addition to individual privacy, family gatherings, etc.

2

② A dedicated space for a kitchen and other household work, a toilet (flushing toilet, as a rule), a
washroom, and a bathroom must be secured. However, if a kitchen and a bathroom for common use of
appropriate size are provided, a minikitchen, flushing toilet, and washbasin will suffice as facilities for
exclusive use in each individual room.
③ Storage space of a size appropriate to the household composition should be secured.

(Remainder of text omitted.)

72

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

3.2 Barrier-free design■ Assessment Item
Evaluate efforts made to accommodate deterioration of physical functions as a result of the aging ofoccupants.
■ Assessment Level
Level

Criterion

Level 1

(No corresponding level)
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 1 in Section 9-1, "Elderly Friendliness Grades
Level 2
(Dedicated Spaces)," of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards.
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 2 in Section 9-1, "Elderly Friendliness Grades
Level 3
(Dedicated Spaces)," of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards.
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 3 in Section 9-1, "Elderly Friendliness Grades
Level 4
(Dedicated Spaces)," of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards.
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 4 or higher in Section 9-1, "Elderly Friendliness
Level 5
Grades (Dedicated Spaces)," of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards.
Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
The scoring criteria are based on Section 9-1, "Elderly Friendliness Grades (Dedicated Spaces)," of the Japan
Housing Performance Indication Standards.
The evaluation grades of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards are described below.
(Reference) Section 9-1, "Elderly Friendliness Grades (Dedicated Spaces)," of the Japan Housing Performance
Indication Standards
Elderly Friendliness
Grades (DedicatedSpaces)Grade 5

Grade 4

Grade 3
Grade 2
Grade 1Degree of measures necessary for the care of elderly people in dwelling units
Measures have been taken to allow elderly people to move around safely, andmeasures in which special attention is paid to help wheelchair users lead a normal life
have also been taken.
Measures have been taken to allow elderly people to move around safely, andmeasures in which attention is paid to help wheelchair users lead a normal life havealso been taken.
Basic measures have been taken to allow elderly people to move around safely, andbasic measures that allow wheelchair users to lead a normal life have also been taken.
Basic measures have been taken to allow elderly people to move around safely.
Measures to ensure the safety of elderly people when moving around in the dwelling
unit have been taken, to the degree that meets the requirements stipulated in the
Building Standards Act.

73

Part II Q 3
H1

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Creating a Richer Townscape and Ecosystem

Consideration of the Townscape and Landscape■ Assessment Item
Evaluate positive actions to establish improved scenery while promoting harmony with the surrounding
townscape and landscape.
■ Assessment Level
Criterion

Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4

Level 5The building shows no consideration of harmony with the surrounding townscape and landscapeas it inappropriately stands out in the neighborhood.
(No corresponding level)
The building shows consideration of the surrounding townscape and landscape but does notsatisfy the criterion of Level 4.
Efforts to be evaluated No. 1 or two actions out of Efforts to be evaluated No. 2 actions [1]through [5] have been implemented for the building.
Efforts to be evaluated No. 1 as well as one action out of Efforts to be evaluated No. 2 actions [1]through [5], or three or more actions out of Efforts to be evaluated No. 2 actions [1] through [5]have been implemented for the building.

Efforts to be evaluatedNo.
Classification

1

Harmony with theneighboringbuildings andcommunity

2

Activeharmonization withthe surrounding
townscape andlandscape2EffortThe building ensures that the following factors do not have an inappropriately
conspicuous appearance in contrast to the neighboring residential landscape andpresents a continuous or harmonious consistency with the neighbors.
・ Layout of the building proper (particularly the relationship with the front road)・ Height and roof shape of the building proper
・ Color of the exterior walls and roof of the building proper
・ Wall or fence in contact with the road and green space
・ Layout, color, or shape of other factors such as carport, outdoor equipment,
outdoor storage shed, etc.
[1] The garden design or layout, choice of trees planted, and layout of tree
planting are implemented so as to contribute to the local townscape.
[2] Lighting, furniture, fences, etc. are designed and installed so as to make theroad look attractive, thereby contributing to the creation of a better landscape.
[3] Building service equipment, refuse collection equipment, etc. are hidden bylouvers or plants so as to make them unobtrusive.
[4] The building incorporates various architectural elements, such as the designand exterior plan, that match the location.
[5] Measures have been taken based on the local landscape plan, etc.

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
The beauty of the townscape and landscape is not evaluated here.
Efforts subject to evaluation are graded with reference to the following examples:
1) "Efforts to be evaluated No. 1" are evaluated if efforts are made to ensure that the planned area and building
are harmonious with the roads around the area, the neighboring houses, and the scenery of the block. If there
is no harmony between the planned area and surrounding situation or an unfavorable tendency is seen,"Efforts to be evaluated No. 2" are used for evaluation.

74

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria*Examples that do not satisfy the requirements of "Efforts
to be evaluated No. 1":● The house does not match the arrangement of theneighboring houses.

●

The house has a roof that does not match those of theneighboring houses in terms of shape and color.

●

The fence or hedge adjoining the road inappropriately
stands out in the neighboring residential area andnatural scenery.

2) Actions [1] through [4] in "Efforts to be evaluated No. 2" are considered to contribute to creation of the local
scenery by making optimal use of the characteristics of the area through positive consideration for thetownscape and landscape. They include active efforts such as the design of the exterior appearance andexternal area of the house, setting of lighting, and landscaping of the parking space, to make the townscapemore attractive.
3) Action [5] in "Efforts to be evaluated No. 2" should be based on the landscape plan formulated by the local
government or residents, such as landscape agreements, guidelines, ordinances, "Housing with Proper
Environment" (HOPE) plans, and "Wood Town" projects.
4) The special efforts in Level 5 should include actions [1] through [4] in "Efforts to be evaluated No. 2" if "Efforts
to be evaluated No. 1" are adopted in Level 4.
5) If the townscape has not yet been established because it is a new residential area, "Efforts to be evaluatedNo. 2" are to be adopted.

75

Part II Q 3
H2

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Creating a Richer Townscape and Ecosystem

Creating the Biological Environment

2.1 Greening of the premises■ Assessment Item
Evaluate the greening of the premises using the ratio of the green area to the external area.

■ Assessment Level
Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Criterion
The building does not satisfy the criterion of Level 2.
The building has a green area that comprises 20% or more of the external area.
The building has a green area that comprises 30% or more of the external area.
The building has a green area that comprises 40% or more of the external area.
The building has a green area that comprises 50% or more of the external area.

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
In general, the securable size of external area and difficulty of greening differ between urban and suburban
areas. The estimated external area is therefore calculated using the building coverage ratio designated for eachland use zone as an index, and the evaluation is made using the ratio of the green area to the external area. The
following equation is used to calculate the ratio of the green area to the external area:

2

Ratio of green area = Green area / Estimated external area,
where Estimated external area = (1 - Designated building coverage rate) × Site area.
●

The green area includes any planted areas on the roof and walls and areas of open water in addition to areasof woods and ground cover.

●If the crowns of shrubs and ground cover overlap those of medium-height and tall trees, both areas can be
included in the green area. However, neither the overlap between medium-height and tall trees nor the overlap
between shrubs and ground cover are to be included in the green area.

Area of the crown of a
medium-height or tall tree
If the areas overlap,
both areas can be
included in the green
area.
Crown area of the shrubs
and area covered byground cover76

Example ofoverlap between
tall trees andshrubsCASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

For the selection of plants and grasses, it is preferable to adopt local plants and indigenous trees as much as
possible from the viewpoint of preserving the regional biological environment and inheriting the regional scenery
unique to the natural environment of the region. (Refer to LRH3.2.2: Preservation of the existing naturalenvironment.)
Details on How to Calculate the Green Area
The following guidelines should be used to calculate the green area:① Green area on the groundThe green area of trees (tall trees, medium-height trees, and shrubs) is the area of the fully grown tree crownwhen projected onto the ground. The area of ground cover is the area covered by fully grown ground cover (thehorizontally projected area that the ground cover is planned to cover).
*How to calculate the crown area
Each municipality uses its own method to calculate green areas in its greening plans, and there is no generalpurpose database describing the various types of methods for calculating crowns and various types of plants. In
addition, each municipality usually has its own definition of tall trees, medium-height trees, and shrubs.
A unique method for calculating green areas using CASBEE for Home (Detached House), which can be usedboth for planned trees and existing trees, is shown below.
i) Calculation of crown areas at the time of planning (Source: "Guidelines for Greening Plans" by the Tokyo
Metropolitan Government)
The method of calculating the crown area is defined below in accordance with the "Guidelines forGreening Plans" by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, by which the crown area can be evaluateddepending on the height of the trees while growing. When medium-height trees have reached a height of 3m, they are treated as tall trees.
Table: Definition of crown area
Classificationof treeTall tree
Medium-heighttree

Height whenplantedHeight whenplanted

2.0 m or more

3.0 m or more
Less than 3.0 m

π× (H × 0.7 / 2)2

2.0 m

2 m2

1.2 m or more

Crown area

3 m2

*H: Height of the tree (m)ii) Calculation of the crown area of existing trees (Part of this section is excerpted from "Guidelines forGreening of Business Places" by the Hiratsuka Municipal Government.)
To calculate the crown area of existing trees, the horizontally projected area of the existing tree crowns is
calculated. In this case, the following method is used to calculate the crown area if several trees stand inparallel and the tree crowns overlap:

Tree crowns do not overlap.
(Total of the crown area of all trees)

Tree crowns overlap.
(Area enclosed by the lines that connect thecircumferences of the crowns)② Green area on the rooftop
The green area should be the base on which trees and ground cover are planted. However, if the crownextends beyond the boundary of the plant base when the trees and ground cover are fully grown, it is possible toinclude the projected area of the crown part outside the base in the green area.

77

Part II Q 3
HCreating a Richer Townscape and Ecosystem③ Green area on walls
When a wall is upright, the planned green area iscalculated by multiplying the length of the planted part of
the wall by 1 m. If the wall is sloping, the area is obtainedby horizontally projecting the planned green part. This rule
applies to a green area that ascends from the ground, agreen area that descends from the top of the wall such as
from the rooftop, and a green area using a base installedon the wall. If two or more methods among the above
three greening methods are used concurrently on thesame wall, duplication is not permitted in the calculation of
the green area. This rule also applies to the walls ofverandas and balconies.
④ Green area of movable planting base (such as aplanter)In the case that a movable planting base is installed on
the ground or on the rooftop, such a base with a cubic
capacity of 100 liters or more is subject to calculation, andthe area of the planting base should be taken as thegreen area. However, if the crown of the fully grown plant
extends beyond the planting base, the projected area ofthe crown beyond the planting base can be added to thegreen area. If a planting base is used for the green area
on a wall, the method used for calculating the green area
on a wall applies.
⑤ Green area of trellis plants
If a trellis is installed on the ground or on the rooftop,
the green area is the area of the trellis that is covered by
the fully grown vines (the horizontally projected area that
it is planned the vines will cover).

2

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Extending length A

Extending
length B

Green area = (A + B) x 1.0 meter

Crown of fullygrown plant

Tall
tree

Area of planting baseIn principle, 100 liters
or moreThe green area is the areabounded by the projectedends of the arch.

Green area

The green area is thearea of the trellis.
Vine⑥ Green area of a hedge
The green area is the area obtained by multiplying the length of the hedge by its width. However, it is possible
to calculate the green area by assuming that the hedge is 0.6 m wide.

78

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria■ Explanation of Terminology
Tree:
Trees include tall trees, medium-height trees, and shrubs, and bamboo is also included.
A tall tree usually has a simple stem that grows thicker, and the simple stem is clearly distinguishable from thebranches. It grows high. No clear criterion is given for a tall tree, but it should be not less than two meters inheight both when it is planted and when it is fully grown.
A medium-height tree is generally two to three meters high. The medium-height trees mentioned in this section
are not less than 1.2 meters in height when planted and extend to a height of about two meters when fullygrown. (A tree that grows higher than two meters is regarded as a tall tree.)A shrub does not grow high even when fully grown. It is usually a bushy type of plant that does not grow amain stem, although some bushes have a simple stem and do not grow into a bushy form. The shrubs discussed
here do not grow higher than two meters.
Ground cover:
Ground cover covers the surface of the ground. Examples include lawn grass, lily-turf, ivy and the like,bamboo grass and the like, and ferns.
Trellis plants:
Trellis plants include those grown on a wisteria trellis, grapevine trellis, or gourd trellis, as well as those grownon an arch-type trellis.
Planting base:This refers to an area of soil that has a certain thickness to serve as a base for the growth of plants or groundcover.
Movable planting base:
A movable planting base is typically a planter or other container filled with soil. It is installed in a stablemanner. A container with a cubic capacity of 100 liters or more is regarded as a movable planting base for the
purposes of this evaluation.
Tree crown and projected area of tree crown:
A tree crown is the mass of branches and leaves at the upper part of a tree. The projected area of a tree
crown is the estimated horizontally projected area of the tree when it is fully grown.
Tree crown of fully grown tree:
This indicates the size of growth of a tree crown 10 years after it has been planted, as estimated by theplanner.
Ground, rooftop, and walls:
The ground includes any artificial ground coupled with the ground. The rooftop consists of the roof portions ofa building and includes the floors of balconies and verandas. The walls are the exterior walls of the building, andinclude the exterior walls of balconies and verandas.
Open water:
Ponds, streams, etc.

79Part II Q 3
HCASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Creating a Richer Townscape and Ecosystem

2.2 Ensuring the biological habitat■ Assessment Item
Evaluate efforts that contribute to the inhabitation and growth of living things.

■ Assessment Level
Level
Criterion

Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5The building has no specific considerations.
(No corresponding level)
One or more of Efforts to be evaluated No. 1 through 5 have been implemented.
(No corresponding level)
Three or more of Efforts to be evaluated No. 1 through 5 have been implemented.

Efforts to be evaluated
No.
1

2
3
4
5

2

Effort<Movement routes>
Efforts are made to ensure continuity of greenery so as to allow wild birds to move around in thearea.
<Feeding grounds>
Efforts are made to plant trees that feed wild birds or on which wild birds can feed.
<Habitats and shelters>
Efforts are made to ensure spaces for wild birds to hide or nest.
<Watering areas>
Efforts are made to maintain watering areas for wild birds to drink water or bathe.
<Porous spaces>
Porous materials are effectively used to allow small animals to live and grow.

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
Under the National Biodiversity Strategy of Japan, Japan has been promoting efforts to preserve the biologicalenvironment. It is therefore strongly desirable for residential areas to preserve and create an environment where
living things exist and grow by developing networks of greening efforts with urban areas.
Positive efforts are needed if a rich biological environment is found in the environs of a planned district. Even if
a rich environment is not found in the environs, positive efforts are needed to enable the planned district tocontribute to improvement of the biological environment by rebuilding and upgrading residences for the future.
For the purpose of this evaluation, wild birds are assumed to be the main fauna serving as an indicator.
(Efforts related to fauna other than wild birds are acceptable.) The existence of wild birds is one of theindications by which the current ecosystem of a locality can be grasped, and it is possible to increase
compatibility with the local environment by creating spaces for existence with wild birds in the residential area.
For the planning of efforts, it is advisable to research and confirm the circumstances of the continuity andnetwork (including those of the steppingstone arrangement) of areas of greenery and water that allow local
fauna (wild birds, butterflies, dragonflies, frogs, cicadas, etc.) to move around, and to embody the research
results in the external area plan.

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CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

1) Securing movement routes
If there is continuity of greenery, animals move using it as a pathway. Wild birds fly between tree crowns,
and butterflies move along areas of greenery. Crickets move along the bases of shrubs and grass toconceal themselves. It is therefore advisable to arrange shrubs and hedges properly so as to ensure
continuity of greenery.
2) Securing feeding grounds
The planting of various types of plants facilitates the life of various animals that live on the nectar of theseplants. It is desirable to plant not less than three types of trees and plants that bear flowers or fruit.

ExamplesWild birds: Because each type of wild bird has its own feeding ground, it is possible to attract many types ofwild birds by planting plants of varying heights that bear fruit; that is, tall trees, medium-heighttrees, and shrubs as well as undergrowth, etc.
Butterflies: The larvae of some species eat only the leaves of specific plants. Adult butterflies consume tree
sap and fermented fruit as well as nectar. To allow many adult butterflies to live on the trees, it isadvisable to plant various types of plants in consideration of their blooming times so that they
bloom in succession, thus supplying nectar continuously for as long as possible.

3) Securing habitats and shelters
Wild birds perch, eat, and rest on the branches of large trees. Large trees serve as shelters for them aswell as landmarks while they are on the wing. They raise their young among the branches and in cavities.
Undergrowth and piles of fallen leaves are habitats for insects such as crickets.
Large trees in this context mean trees expected to grow as high as three meters or more as well ashedges 0.6 meters or more in thickness.
4) Securing watering areas
Because it is difficult to find natural watering areas in urban locations, a watering area plays an importantrole in the habitat of animals, irrespective of how small it may be. Wild birds fly to shallow watering areas todrink and bathe. Dragonflies and frogs come to stagnant ponds.
5) Securing porous spaces
Stonework using natural stone, gabions, or palm roll mats creates many porous spaces where plants andsmall animals can live. When small animals are present, wild birds that feed on them also gather aroundthese spaces.

(Reference 1) Detailed information on plans and actions in consideration of the habitats of fauna and specifictypes of flora can be obtained on the website of the Eco-Gardening Society.
Home page http://eco-garden.net/
Database of Japanese indigenous plants: Trees
Database of Japanese indigenous plants: Ground cover plants and vines
Database of wild birds and trees that provide sources of food
Database of butterflies and plants that provide sources of food(Reference 2) National Biodiversity Strategy of Japan and preservation of fauna
The Japanese government has enacted legislation for preservation of the natural environment such as the
Basic Environment Act. The government formulated the National Biodiversity Strategy of Japan in October 1995,
and has been promoting actions for preserving the biological environment in Japan. The objective of the National
Biodiversity Strategy is to preserve biodiversity on the assumption that the country's land does not merely
consist of its geographical territory, but also encompasses everything from the underground realm to the air,subterranean water, and the ocean, and from microorganisms to birds.
It is important to establish networks of the valuable natural environment remaining inside urban areas so as torestore the environment that supports an abundance of flora and fauna. In this sense, it is necessary to secure81Part II Q 3
HCreating a Richer Townscape and Ecosystem

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)habitats for small animals and promote the establishment of living environments that coexist with nature by
actively improving green infrastructure in line with appropriate actions to preserve the remaining naturalenvironment.
Detailed information on Japan's biodiversity policies can be obtained on the website of the Biodiversity Centerof Japan, Nature Conservation Bureau, Ministry of the Environment:
http://www.biodic.go.jp/index.html

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3

Safety and Security of the Region■ Assessment Item
Evaluate measures to strengthen disaster prevention and crime prevention for the neighboring area.

■ Assessment Level
Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Criterion(No corresponding level)(No corresponding level)
None of Efforts to be evaluated No. 1 through 4 have been implemented.
One of Efforts to be evaluated No. 1 through 4 has been implemented.
Two or more of Efforts to be evaluated No. 1 through 4 have been implemented.

Efforts to be evaluated
No.
1
2
3
4

EffortAn evacuation route and space for firefighting are secured.
Highly fire-resistant plants are planted.
A good sightline is maintained.
OthersAvailability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
In this section, actions for the prevention of disaster and crime are evaluated.
1) Securing of an evacuation route and space for firefighting
The basic role of an evacuation route is to provide evacuees with safe passage and to facilitate
firefighting in the event of a disaster. Efforts to facilitate evacuation at a time of disaster are evaluated. They
include constructing an open external area, greening with the help of hedges and lightweight fences,arrangement of structures, and consideration for falling objects.
2) Planting of highly fire-resistant plants
The planting of greenery at boundaries with the neighboring areas and the areas that adjoin the road iseffective to stop fires and deter the spread of fire in areas vulnerable to fire disaster such as an urban areawith a high concentration of wooden houses. The following actions are evaluated:●

The planting of trees with high fire resistance (refer to the following table) in a dense configuration so as
to form a hedge (e.g., every two meters) in places where fire is more likely to occur (such as the kitchen)of the neighboring house or close to the windows of the house.

●

The planting of a hedge of 1.5 to 1.8 meters in height using trees with high fire resistance.

Boundary with theadjoining land83Part II Q 3
HCreating a Richer Townscape and Ecosystem

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Fire-resistance characteristics of plants● Evergreen trees and plants with thick leaves that contain large amounts of water have high fire resistance.
● They are represented by Viburnum odoratissimum, oaks and the like, Castanopsis, and Podocarpus
macrophyllus. The following table gives the names of other representative trees.
Fire resistance of plants
Fireresistance

Types of trees

Podocarpus macrophyllus, Sciadopitys verticillata, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Castanopsis
sieboldii, Quercus acuta, Quercus myrsinaefolia, Machilus thunbergii, Cinnamomum japonicum
Sieb, Ilex integra, Ilex rotunda, Ligustrum japonicum, Rhaphiolepis umbellata, Photinia glabra,
High
Myrica rubra, Ilex latifolia, Camellia japonica and the like, Camellia sasanqua, Ternstroemia
gymnanthera, Cleyera japonica, Illicium anisatum, Nerium indicum, Viburnum awabuki,
Euonymus japonicus, Aucuba japonica, Fatsia japonica, Daphniphyllum macropodum,
Daphniphyllum teijsmannii, Poncirus trifoliate, Garcinia subelliptica
Chamaecyparis obtusa, Chamaecyparis pisifera, Taxus cuspidata, Ginkgo biloba, Lithocarpus
edulis, Quercus phillyraeoides, Quercus dentata, Osmanthus heterophyllus, Swida controversa,
MediumFicus carica, Melia azedarach, Liriodendron tulipifera, Paulownia tomentosa, Firmiana simplex,
Platanus orientalis, Eurya japonica, Pittosporum tobira, Ilex crenata, Gardenia jasminoides,
Hydrangea, Rhododendron and the like, Weigela coraeensis
Source: “Humans and the Forest—The Environmental Control Functions of Forests” edited by Yoshiya Tadaki
and Tatsuo Kira

3) Maintenance of a good sightline
For crime prevention in the surrounding and neighboring areas, fences, barriers, and hedges adjoining
roads are evaluated in terms of whether they allow mutual visibility between the residential area and theroad. Generally, their height should be about 1.2 to 1.6 meters. For tall trees, consideration for the selectionof those whose crown is above the sightline is evaluated.
At the same time, the installation of outdoor lights and gate lights equipped with sensors is evaluated interms of efforts to secure sufficient illumination to observe human behavior at nighttime.

24) Others
In addition, efforts focused on places considered to be dangerous in the event of a disaster from theviewpoint of location are evaluated, as well as efforts focused on disasters that require special attention
from the viewpoint of the local characteristics (for example, flooding of a river, ground disasters [landslides],and tsunami). At the same time, efforts for the prevention of disasters and crime incorporated in local
ordinances and plans are evaluated.

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4

Utilizing Regional Resources and Inheriting theRegional Housing Culture■ Assessment Item
Evaluate efforts to actively inherit the housing culture that is deeply rooted in the region as well as efforts topreserve the environment of mountain forests by utilizing wood resources of the region.
■ Assessment Level
Criterion

Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5(No corresponding level)(No corresponding level)
None of Efforts to be evaluated No. 1 through 5 have been implemented.
One of Efforts to be evaluated No. 1 through 5 has been implemented.
Two or more of Efforts to be evaluated No. 1 through 5 have been implemented.

Efforts to be evaluatedClassificationNo.
1
Inheritance ofthe local
housing culture2

3

Utilization of
locally produced
wood resources

45

EffortA building structure, design, or techniques related to locally produced housing or
gardening are employed.
Gardens that represent the local community are maintained, or residentialbuildings that symbolize the local housing culture are preserved or restored.
Locally produced materials (excluding wood produced from local mountain
forests) are partly used for the structural members of the building, interior andexterior materials, or external area materials.
Wood materials produced from local mountain forests are actively used for the
structure of the building.
Wood materials produced from local mountain forests are actively used for theinterior and exterior materials or external area materials of the building.

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
In this section, an evaluation is made of efforts to inherit the regional housing culture and to preserve theregional resources of mountain forests by actively utilizing the wood resources produced in the region.
Classification of Efforts: Inheritance of the local housing culture
Efforts to actively inherit the housing style and living environment that have developed in the naturalenvironment and climate of the region are evaluated.
1 Housing patterns, construction methods, designs, and techniques (e.g., machiya [traditional tradesmen'shouses in Kyoto], okiyane [a type of roof erected over traditional storehouses], private houses built in the
kabutozukuri style [with a helmet-shaped roof], etc.) that form the heritage of the region or are deeply rooted
there are evaluated. Efforts made with respect to the arrangement of the garden, external area, and planting
plan are also evaluated.
2 The preservation and restoration of gardens and historic buildings that symbolize the housing culture of theregion are evaluated. The preservation and restoration of long-lived large trees and historical places in theregion are also evaluated.
3 Materials that have regional characteristics are those that originate in the region, such as those traditionallyused in the local district and region and those supplied by local industries.
Efforts to make the color of buildings and structures unobtrusive and harmonious by using materials widely85Part II Q 3
HCreating a Richer Townscape and Ecosystem

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

available in the region are evaluated. Efforts to enhance harmony with the existing townscape and those that
activate industries supporting the housing culture of the region are also evaluated. As examples of efforts that
contribute to creation of the landscape by using materials and exterior materials and fences with regional
characteristics, residential areas built using granite in Ashiya City (Hyogo Prefecture) and the stone-walledvillage of Sotodomari (Ehime Prefecture) can be cited. However, wood resources produced in the mountain
forests of the region are excluded here because they are evaluated in efforts 4 and 5.
Classification of Efforts: Utilization of locally produced wood resources
Wood from mountain forests has been used in Japan as an environmentally friendly biological material for
housing construction since ancient times. However, the environment of mountain forests has been deteriorating
because wood resources from these forests are not being properly utilized and are therefore not being renewed
as they should be, and also because the forests are not being managed well.
In addition to the objectives in "Inheritance of the local housing culture" described above, efforts to restore themountain forest environment by utilizing wood resources produced in the mountain forests of the region areevaluated in efforts 4 and 5.
4 Efforts to use wood resources produced in the mountain forests of the region for the main frames of the houseare evaluated.
5 At the same time, efforts to use wood resources produced in the mountain forests of the region for interior andexterior materials or external area materials are evaluated.
*The locality of the "materials supplied by local industries" and the region of "wood resources produced in theregion" are defined as the prefecture where the planned area is located and the adjoining prefectures.
However, if the municipality in which the planned area is located has formulated measures to facilitate theuse of local materials, the definition specified by the municipality is to be applied.

2

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CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

87Part II LR 1
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CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Conserving Energy and Water

Energy Saving through Building Innovation

1.1 Control of thermal load of building■ Assessment Item
Evaluate the capability to control the inflow and outflow of outdoor heat in order to measure the degree of
reduction of energy used for heating and cooling. The assessment criteria are the same as those in"QH1.1.1.1 Ensuring thermal insulation and airtightness performance."■ Assessment Level
Level

Criterion

The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 1 in Section 5-1, "Energy-Saving Action Grades,"of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards.
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 2 in Section 5-1, "Energy-Saving Action Grades,"Level 2of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards.
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 3 in Section 5-1, "Energy-Saving Action Grades,"Level 3of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards.
(No corresponding level)
Level 4The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 4 in Section 5-1, "Energy-Saving Action Grades,"Level 5of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards.
Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None
Level 1

■ Description
The thermal insulation and airtightness performance are evaluated to determine the basic performance of thebuilding in terms of reducing the heating and cooling load.
The criteria are in accordance with Section 5-1, "Energy-Saving Action Grades," of the Japan Housing
Performance Indication Standards, and the performance is evaluated by one of the following standards definedfor each thermal insulation area zone classification.
① Year-round heating and cooling load
② Thermal loss coefficient, etc.
③ Heat transmission coefficient, etc.

2

See the Evaluation Method Standards of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards for specificvalues and calculation methods. Further details regarding the calculation are provided in the "Guide to EnergySaving Standards for Houses" (IBEC). The thermal insulation area zone classifications are described in Part III,
Section 3.2, "Reference Materials for Assessment."(Reference) Section 5-1, "Energy-Saving Action Grades," of the Japan Housing Performance Indication
Standards
Energy-Saving
Action Grade
Grade 4
Grade 3
Grade 2
Grade 188

Extent of actions, such as thermal insulation, to reduce energy used for heating and/or cooling
Measures are taken to reduce energy use to a significant degree (to the extent of meetingthe "Judgment Criteria for Building Owners for Energy Efficiency Standards").
Measures are taken to reduce energy use to a certain degree.
Measures are taken to reduce energy use to a small degree.
Other than the above

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

1.2 Natural energy use■ Assessment Item
Evaluate methods to reduce energy consumption for heating and cooling by the use of natural energy suchas solar radiation heat and natural wind.
Solar-heated hot-water supply is evaluated in "LRH1.2.2.1 Hot-water supply equipment" and solar power
generation is evaluated in "LRH1.2.5.2 Solar power generation system"; they are therefore not evaluated inthis section.
■ Assessment Level
Level

Criterion

Level 1
Level 2

Does not satisfy the criterion of Level 3.
(No corresponding level)
Use of solar radiation heat can reduce heating energy by about 10%. Or use of natural wind can
reduce cooling energy by about 10%.
Use of solar radiation heat can reduce heating energy by about 20%. Or use of natural wind can
reduce cooling energy by about 20%.
Use of solar radiation heat can reduce heating energy by about 20% and also use of natural wind
can reduce cooling energy by about 20%.

Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
In order to reduce energy consumption for heating and cooling by the use of natural energy, it is necessary totake the climatic characteristics and location of the region into account and to adequately plan the methods to be
employed.
The steps for planning these methods and probable effects of the reduction of energy for heating and coolingare described in the "Design Guidelines for Self-Cycling Residences" (IBEC). The evaluation in this section isbased on these guidelines.
Aside from this evaluation method, if it is possible to quantitatively estimate reductions in energy consumption
for heating and cooling that can be achieved by the use of natural energy based on the climatic characteristics
and location of the region, the evaluation can be made using these percentage reductions.
The evaluation methods based on the "Design Guidelines for Self-Cycling Residences" are described in "Useof Solar Radiation Heat" and "Use of Natural Wind" below. The effects of reducing heating energy are evaluatedby "Effect of heating energy reduction" in the table of Step 6 in "Use of Solar Radiation Heat," and the effects ofreducing cooling energy are evaluated by "Effect of cooling energy reduction" in the table of Step 3 in "Use of
Natural Wind."Use of Solar Radiation Heat:
Step 1 Confirmation of conditions for the use of solar radiation heat
To use solar radiation heat effectively, the area of the building's openings (windows, etc.), which
comprises the heat-insulating and heat-collection area (hereinafter referred to as "area of heat-collection
openings"), must exceed a certain level. Specifically, it is necessary to check the following two conditions
and if either of them is not met, the building concerned cannot be evaluated based on "Use of Solar
Radiation Heat."
Condition 1: The criterion for Level 5 should be met in "LR1.1.1 Control of thermal load of building."
Condition 2: The ratio of the area of heat-collection openings to the total area should be 10% or more. The
direction of the area of heat-collection openings* should be within 30 degrees of south to the east
or west.
*The "direction of the area of heat-collection openings" refers to the direction of the normal line from thearea of heat-collection openings to the outside (the direction from the inside to the outside that is vertical to
the straight line connecting both ends of the area of heat-collection openings).

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Step 2 Selection of passive solar potential (PSP) area classification
The area in which the construction site is located is selected from among the following five types of
PSP areas. These areas are classified based on their solar radiation characteristics in terms of theamount of solar radiation and air temperature during the winter season. The site classification can beselected based on the prefecture and the municipal government/ local authority list shown in Part III,
Section 3.2, "(Reference 2)," in this manual.
Passive solar potential (PSP) area classification
A area: Extremely cold area with a small amount of solar radiation
B area: Cold area with a small amount of solar radiation
C area: Cold area with a large amount of solar radiation
D area: Area with a large amount of solar radiation
E area: Warm area with a large amount of solar radiation
Step 3 Selection of location classification by effect of sunlight obstruction
The collection and use of solar radiation heat is related to the effect of the obstruction of sunlight overthe building; i.e., the hours of sunlight shining on the building. Here, the locations are classified into thefollowing three categories based on the degree of the sunlight obstruction.
Classification of location by the effect of sunlight obstruction
Classification

Location 1

Location 2

Location 3

2

Degree of sunlight obstruction
Area with a large effect of sunlightobstruction (approx. 50%) and difficultyusing solar radiation heat
Area with a small effect of sunlightobstruction (approx. 25%) and capabilityof using solar radiation heat
Area with no effect of sunlight obstruction(0%) and easy use of solar radiation heat

Indication of hours of sunlight(at winter solstice)
3 hours or more (e.g., only 3 hours
of sunlight from 10:30 to 13:30)
5 hours or more (e.g., 5 hours ofsunlight from 9:30 to 14:30)
All-day sunlight use*Degree of sunlight obstruction (%) indicates the ratio of the amount of solar radiation that cannot be
used because of buildings blocking the solar radiation to the amount of solar radiation that can be usedwithout any obstruction from buildings (the total amount of solar radiation) during the daytime (around8:00-17:00) in the winter season.

As a rule, the hours of sunlight on a building are confirmed using sun-shadow diagrams, etc. However,a location can be determined to be "Location 3" without confirmation if the south side of the building
borders on a street or a park and therefore it is obvious that the building receives sunlight all day.
Step 4 Selection of direction classification of building
The collection and use of solar radiation heat is significantly related to the direction that the area ofheat-collection openings is facing. Regardless of the area classification, the direction of the area of heatcollection openings of the building targeted for heat collection must be within 30 degrees of due south tothe east or west in order to have an effect in terms of heat collection. If it is outside this range, theamount of heat collection could dramatically decrease. Two categories are set for the direction using due
south as a benchmark in that range.
Direction 1: Due south ± 15°
Direction 2: Due south ± 30°(excluding the range covered by Direction 1)
Step 5 Classification of methods for use of solar radiation heat
The methods adopted for the use of solar radiation heat are classified into the following three types.
Method 1: Thermal insulation of openings (improvement of the heat-insulating performanceof the area of openings)
Method 2: Heat collection from openings (increase of the area of heat-collection openings)
Method 3: Heat storage (use of thermal storage material)

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CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

The requirements for evaluating the methods for the use of solar radiation heat are as follows:
MethodRequirements
Remarks

Method 1

Method 2

Method 3

The coefficient of heat transmission of Specification examples:
every opening is not more than 2.91 ・Sash made of wood or plastic + multi-glazed
W/m2K.
(A6) glass・Heat-blocking sash made of metal + lowradiation multi-glazed (A12) glass
The area of heat-collection openings is Openings that can serve as heat-collection areas
not less than 20% of the total area.
facing due south ±30º are evaluated.
Materials that can be expected to The heat capacity is calculated by:increase heat capacity to 120 kJ/°Cm2 or Heat capacity (kJ/°Cm2) = Capacity of heatmore are used for the heat-collection collection area (m3) x Volumetric specific heat ofthermal storage material (kJ/m3°C) / Area of heatarea.
collection area (m2)

*To obtain a substantial energy reduction effect, attention should also be paid to various points other than the above
techniques. For specific design methods, refer to the “Design Guidelines for Self-Cycling Residences.”

Step 6 Effect of heating energy reduction by use of solar radiation
On the basis of the above classifications-namely, the PSP area, location, direction, and methodclassifications-the effect of heating energy reduction is estimated from the table below. Any combinationof the methods listed in the table is acceptable.
Passive solar
potential(PSP) areaclassification

A areaB areaC areaD areaE areaEffect ofheatingenergyreduction

Applied methods
Location 3
Direction 1
Direction 2

Method 1
Approx. 10% Method 1 + 2
Method 1 + 3
Approx. 20% Method 1 + 2 + 3
Approx. 10% Method 1
Method 1 + 2
Approx. 20%
Method 1 + 3
or moreMethod 1 + 2 + 3
Approx. 10% Method 1
Method 1 + 2
Approx. 20%
Method 1 + 3
or moreMethod 1 + 2 + 3

Location 2
Direction 1
Direction 2

Location
1

Method 1
Method 1 + 2
Method 1 + 3
Method 1 + 2 + 3
Method 1 + 2 + 3 Method 1 + 2 + 3
Method 1
Method 1 + 2
Method 1 + 3
Method 1 + 2 + 3
Method 1 + 2
Method 1 + 2 + 3
Method 1
Method 1 + 2 + 3
Method 1 + 2
Method 1 + 3
Method 1 + 2 + 3*An area classified as Location 1 is not subject to evaluation as no heating effect can be expected from methods using solar
radiation heat.

Use of Natural Wind:
Step 1 Selection of location classification
The availability of natural wind may change and the effective method for energy saving may differ
according to the conditions of the area surrounding the site, such as whether there is a building blocking
the prevailing wind on the windward side of the house to be built. Here, to evaluate the use of naturalwind, the location requirements are classified into the following three categories:
Location 1: Overcrowded/multistoried area in which it is difficult to use natural wind
Location 2: Overcrowded area where some efforts are necessary to use natural wind
Location 3: Suburban area where natural wind is easily used
Step 2 Classification of methods of natural wind use
The methods adopted for natural wind use are classified into the following five methods:
Method 1: Direct intake of natural wind
Method 2: Indirect intake of natural wind
Method 3: Intake of natural wind by using a roof surface

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Method 4: Use of ventilation employing temperature difference
Method 5: Enhancement of indoor draft performance
Examples of methods of design for natural wind use are shown below. Although these designs are notrequirements for evaluation, unlike the use of solar radiation heat, they can be used as standards tojudge whether the method in question corresponds to one of the above methods.
MethodMethod 1

Method 2

Method 3

Method 4

Method 5

Examples of design for natural wind use
・Check the direction of the prevailing wind. Inspect the difference in wind pressure on thewall surface and roof surface, and set up two or more openings effective for drafts inplaces where a large difference in wind pressure can be observed.*
・Design the house so that rooms expected to have good ventilation are placed on thewindward side.
・Ensure the appropriate area of openings.
・Check the direction of the prevailing wind. Set sunrooms and bay windows on the wall
where the prevailing wind flows and set up openings on the windward side.
・Check the direction of the prevailing wind. Set openings on the wall where the prevailingwind flows. Increase the wind pressure in that area by setting fences, plants, side walls,etc.
・Check the areas where the wind pressure coefficient is negative on the roof surface andplace roof skylights and top windows, etc. there.
・Place windows in high areas and low areas where there is sufficient difference in elevation
to ensure ventilation caused by temperature difference.
・Place a large window in the high area.
・Place roof skylights, top windows, ventilation outlets, etc. as windows in the high area.
・Ensure as much open space as possible and use equipment (sliding doors, transoms,
latticed sliding doors, doors with openings, etc.) for better wind flow.

*To obtain a substantial energy reduction effect, attention should also be paid to various points other than the above
techniques. For specific design methods, refer to the “Design Guidelines for Self-Cycling Residences.”

2

Step 3 Effect of cooling energy reduction by use of natural wind
The effect of cooling energy reduction is determined from the table below based on the above locationand method classifications.
Effect of coolingenergy reduction
Approx. 10%
Approx. 20% or more

Direction 1
Method 4 + 5

Applied methods
Direction 2

Direction 3

Method 2 + 3 + 5
Method 1 + 5
Method 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 Method 1 + 2 + 5(Reference) The above standards can be replaced as follows using the target levels in the "Design Guidelines
for Self-Cycling Residences."
Level
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Criterion
Accomplish Target Level 2 in “3.4 Use of Solar Radiation Heat” or Target Level 1 in “3.1 Use of
Natural Wind”
Accomplish either Target Level 3 in “3.4 Use of Solar Radiation Heat” or Target Level 2 in “3.1
Use of Natural Wind.”Accomplish both Target Level 3 in “3.4 Use of Solar Radiation Heat” and Target Level 2 in “3.1
Use of Natural Wind.”*The numbers in the table indicate the sections in the above guidelines.

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2

Energy Saving through Equipment Performance

2.1 Air-conditioning systems
2.1.1 Heating system■ Assessment Item
Evaluate measures to reduce the heating energy consumption of the heating system.

■ Assessment Level
Level

Criterion

Level 1
Level 2

No special effort is made in an integrated space including the living room.
(No corresponding level)
A heating system whose equipment efficiency is of a general level is used in an integrated space
including the living room.
(No corresponding level)
A heating system whose equipment efficiency is high is used in an integrated space including theliving room.

Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*When it is determined in "QH1.1.3.1 Proper planning for heating" that the house concerned has no need fora heating system and there is no plan to install a heating system, it is evaluated as Level 5.
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
The equipment to be evaluated is a heating system in an integrated space including the living room, which isthe same as that evaluated in "QH1.1.3.1 Proper planning for heating."
Level 1: It cannot be determined that the equipment efficiency is equivalent to Level 3 or Level 5, or it isunknown.
Level 3: When a heating system with average equipment efficiency is used, it is evaluated as Level 3.
The standards for Level 3 are described below.
When the heating system is the same as that evaluated in "LRH1.2.1.2 Cooling system" below (i.e., a combined
cooling and heating system):● A system evaluated as Level 3 in "LRH1.2.1.2 Cooling system" is used.
When the heating system is different from that evaluated in "LRH1.2.1.2 Cooling system":● A hot-water floor-heating/hot-water heating system with heat-source equipment evaluated as Level 4 in
"LRH1.2.2.1 Hot-water supply equipment" is used.
If the heat-source equipment is exclusively used for floor heating, and the equipment efficiency isequivalent to that evaluated as Level 4 in "LRH1.2.2.1 Hot-water supply equipment."● Combustion type forced-flue (FF) heater● Combustion type semi-hermetic heater● Electric type floor heating system● Heat-storage type electric heater
Level 5: When a heating system with high equipment efficiency is used, it is evaluated as Level 5.
The standards for Level 5 are described below.
When the heating system is the same as that evaluated in "LRH1.2.1.2 Cooling system" (i.e., a combined coolingand heating system):● A system evaluated as Level 5 in "LRH1.2.1.2 Cooling system" is used.

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When the heating system is different from that evaluated in "LRH1.2.1.2 Cooling system":● A hot-water floor-heating/hot-water heating system with heat-source equipment evaluated as Level 5 in
"LRH1.2.2.1 Hot-water supply equipment" is used.
● Hot-water floor heating employing an electric heat pump as a heat source is used.
When it is determined in "QH1.1.3.1 Proper planning for heating" that the house concerned has no need for aheating system and there is no plan to install a heating system, it is evaluated as Level 5.
There are many different types of heating systems, including dedicated heating systems, cooling and heating
systems, and hot-water-supply and heating systems, with various types of heat-source equipment and different
variations of radiator. This also holds true in an integrated space including the living room where combinations ofdifferent types of heating systems are often used. When evaluating a heating system other than the above,check the equipment efficiency in its catalog, etc. and compare it with the heating systems mentioned above
before performing the evaluation.

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2.1.2 Cooling system■ Assessment Item
Evaluate measures to reduce the cooling energy consumption of the cooling system.

■ Assessment Level
Level

Criterion

Level 1
Level 2

No special effort is made in an integrated space including the living room.
(No corresponding level)
A cooling system whose equipment efficiency is of a general level is used in an integrated space
including the living room.
(No corresponding level)
A cooling system whose equipment efficiency is high is used in an integrated space including theliving room.

Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*When it is determined in "QH1.1.2.2 Proper planning for cooling" that the house concerned has no need fora cooling system and there no plan to install a cooling system, it is evaluated as Level 5.
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
The equipment to be evaluated is a cooling system in an integrated space including the living room, which isthe same as that evaluated in "QH1.1.2.2 Proper planning for cooling."
Level 1: It cannot be determined that the equipment efficiency is equal to Level 3 or Level 5, or it is unknown.
Level 3: When a cooling system with average equipment efficiency is used, it is evaluated as Level 3.
The standards for average equipment efficiency are described below.
In the case of direct-blowing, wall-hanging type equipment with a cooling capacity of 4.0 kW or less:
76% or more but less than 84% of the top runner target values defined in the Act Concerning the
Rational Use of Energy (refer to the following table).
In the case of equipment other than the above: 100% or more but less than 110% of the top runnertarget values defined in the Act Concerning the Rational Use of Energy (refer to the following table).
Targetyear

FY2010: Cooling & heating / wall-hanging type, 4.0 kW or less (APF Standard)→ * mark in the table
FY2007: All air conditioners other than the above (Cooling & Heating COP Standard)
Cooling &heating type

Targetstandard
value

Wall-hanging
type

Cooling
capacity
Prescribedsize*Free size*
Types other thanwall-hanging type〜3.2 kW〜4.1 kW

5.8

4.9

6.6

6.0

3.96

3.20

Multi-type air conditioner

4.12

Duct-connected type

3.02

〜7.1 kW

More than
7.1 kW

3.17

3.12
3.23

3.07

* Prescribed size: Having an indoor unit with maximum dimensions of 800 mm (width) x 295 mm (height)* Free size: Air conditioners other than the above

Level 5: When a cooling system with high equipment efficiency is used, it is evaluated as Level 5.
When it is determined in "QH1.1.2.2 Proper planning for cooling" that the house concerned has noneed for a cooling system and there is no plan to install a cooling system, it is evaluated as Level 5.
The standards for equipment efficiency of Level 5 are described below.

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In the case of direct-blowing, wall-hanging type equipment with a cooling capacity of 4.0 kW or less:
84% or more of the top runner target values defined in the Act Concerning the Rational Use ofEnergy.
In the case of equipment other than the above: 110% or more of the top runner target values
defined in the Act Concerning the Rational Use of Energy.
The APF and COP of the respective room air conditioners (direct-blowing/separate/wall-hanging type in thetable) can be checked in the manufacturers' catalogs and the latest "Energy Conservation Equipment Catalog"
issued by the Energy Conservation Center, Japan (http://www.eccj.or.jp/catalog/index.html).
If the equipment is of an older type and cannot be evaluated by the latest achievement rate, it should be
evaluated as Level 1 in principle. However, it may be evaluated by an independently calculated achievement
rate based on a method designated by the Top Runner Standard.
With regard to cooling equipment that is not listed in the Top Runner Standard (equipment using heat-sourceenergy other than electricity, duct type air-conditioning systems for well-insulated and airtight houses, airconditioning employing a multifunctional heat-pump system, etc.), the equipment efficiency in terms of cooling
capacity should be checked in the product catalog, etc. and it should be evaluated based on the top runnertarget value of a listed device having a similar cooling capacity.
■ Explanation of Terminology
COP: Coefficient of performance
COP represents the air-conditioning capacity per 1 kW of power consumption. The larger the value, the betterthe energy efficiency, indicating the energy-saving performance of the equipment.
APF: Annual performance factor
APF represents the air-conditioning capacity per 1 kW of power consumption when the air conditioner isoperated under certain conditions based on the JIS C 9612 Standard. It has been adopted as a newly
established evaluation standard for products specified in the FY2010 target year under the Act Concerning the
Rational Use of Energy.
Top Runner Standard:
The Top Runner Standard is defined in the Act Concerning the Rational Use of Energy to ensure theimprovement of energy efficiency of equipment. It is applied to manufacturers and importers of equipment that
consumes energy, and requires them to achieve the target value of energy efficiency for that equipment. As of
March 2007, 21 items have been covered and classified into categories, each having a target value of energy
efficiency and a specified year by which the target is to be met.

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2.2 Hot-water equipment
2.2.1 Hot-water supply equipment■ Assessment Item
Evaluate measures to reduce the energy consumption of the hot-water supply equipment.

■ Assessment Level
Level

Criterion

Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4(No corresponding level)
Other than below
Electric water heater (electrically controlled type)
Fuel-burning, instant-supply type water heater
Fuel-burning, latent-heat-recovery, instant-supply type water heater; electric heat-pump water
heater; solar water heater; solar hot-water supply system (natural circulation type with direct heatcollection, forced circulation type with direct heat collection, forced circulation type with indirect
heat collection)

Level 5

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*When a gas engine cogeneration system is installed, the house should be evaluated under LRH1.2.5.1.
When a fuel cell cogeneration system is installed, it is evaluated as Level 5.
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
When an electric water heater (other than an electrically controlled type) is installed, it is evaluated as Level 2.
An electrically controlled type has the function of controlling the starting time of energization, which is
calculated based on the required duration of energization obtained by estimating the amount of heat needed toheat the water to the required temperature and the set water level by sensing the temperature of the supplied
water and other conditions. The manufacturer's catalog should be checked to determine the status of thefunction.
When a fuel cell cogeneration system is installed in the house, the evaluation "No effort made" is given in"LRH1.2.5.1 Home cogeneration system" (refer to the description in LRH1.2.5.1 for the reason), but the fuel cellcogeneration system is given an evaluation of Level 5 as hot-water supply equipment.

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2.2.2 Heat insulation of bathtub■ Assessment Item
Evaluate measures to reduce energy consumption for hot-water supply through heat insulation of thebathtub.
■ Assessment Level
Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Criterion
In the case of a noninsulated bathtub having a part that is exposed outside the insulated
envelope of the house(No corresponding level)
In the case of a noninsulated bathtub whose parts are inside the insulated envelope of the houseor an insulated bathtub having a part that is exposed outside the insulated envelope(No corresponding level)
In the case of an insulated bathtub whose parts are inside the insulated envelope of the house

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*If there is no bathtub.
■ Description
When a bathtub is unable to efficiently retain the heat of hot water with which it is filled, it becomes necessary
to reheat the water, leading to an increase in energy consumption for hot-water supply. To evaluate this point,bathtubs are classified into several levels by a combination of the presence or absence of bathtub heatinsulating performance on the one hand, and the positional relationship between the bathtub and the outersurface of the house's heat insulation. The presence or absence of bathtub heat-insulating performance
depends on whether the bathtub meets the following standard:

2Standard for determination of the presence or absence of bathtub heat-insulating performance:
When the outside air temperature is around 5℃, it takes 4 hours or more for the temperature of hot water inthe bathtub (approx. 42℃) to drop to 2℃.
The bathtub is classified according to the type of bathroom. If there are two or more bathrooms, the mostfrequently used bathroom is evaluated.
Bathroom built using conventional construction method
As a general rule, the bathtub should be evaluated as a noninsulated type. Although bathrooms built using theconventional construction method (wet construction method) are commonly used today, heat loss can be
expected as the bathtub is exposed to the blocks, mortar, or concrete with which it comes into contact. This
holds true for houses with outside insulation construction and the installation of a floor type bathtub. A bathtub ina bathroom built using the dry conventional construction method employing panels as part of the materials
should also be evaluated as a noninsulated type. However, if it is confirmed that the standard for determinationof the presence or absence of bathtub heat-insulating performance is satisfied, it should be evaluated as an
insulated bathtub.
Prefabricated bathtub (The distinction between insulated and noninsulated types is described later.)① Noninsulated type prefabricated bathtub
If the bathtub is noninsulated, it should be evaluated as a noninsulated type. If the bathroom is located on thefirst floor and the bathtub is exposed to the outside of the insulated underfloor of the house, it is evaluated as
Level 1.
On the other hand, if the bathtub is installed inside the insulated envelope of the house, it is evaluated as
Level 3.
② Insulated type prefabricated bathtub
If the bathtub is insulated, it should be evaluated as an insulated type. If the bathtub has high heat-retention

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performance, is located on the first floor, and is exposed to the outside of the insulated underfloor, it is evaluatedas Level 3.
If the bathtub is installed inside the insulated envelope of the house, it is evaluated as Level 5 since it has
double insulated layers.
Moreover, if the standard for determination of the presence or absence of bathtub heat-insulating performanceis ensured not only for the bathtub but also for the bathroom, the criterion can be switched from an insulated
type bathtub to an insulated type bathroom.
(Reference 1) Assessment Level Based on the Relationship between the Bathtub and Insulated Envelope of the
House
Level

Diagrammatic illustration

Description

Level 1

Noninsulated
bathtub(first floor)

When the insulated envelope is installed on
the floor of the first floor, a noninsulated
bathtub set as shown in the illustration will be
exposed to the area outside the insulation,
resulting in a decrease in heat-insulating
performance. Therefore, it is evaluated as
Level 1.

Noninsulated
bathtub(first floor)

When the insulated envelope is installed at
the bottom of the foundation and anoninsulated bathtub is set on the first floor(Case 1) or second floor (Case 2), the bathtub
is situated inside the insulated envelope, sothat heat-insulating performance exceedingthat of Level 1 is expected.

Insulatedenvelope

Level 3Insulatedenvelope

Noninsulated
bathtub(second floor)

Case 1

Insulatedenvelope

Case 2

When an insulated type bathtub is set outside
the insulated envelope on the first floor (Case3), good heat-insulating performance is still
expected due to the insulating property of thebathtub itself.
For the reasons mentioned, the above cases
are evaluated as Level 3.

Insulatedenvelope
Insulatedbathtub

Case 3
Level 5Insulatedenvelope

When an insulated type bathtub is set inside
the insulated envelope, the heat-insulating
performance is expected to improve to ahigher degree than Level 3; therefore, it isevaluated as Level 5.

Insulatedbathtub

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CASBEE for Home (Detached House)(Reference 2) General Specifications of Insulated Type Prefabricated Bathtubs (as of September 2007)
Insulation of bathtubConsideration is given to the heat-insulating performance of the bathtub, as seen in bathtubs fitted withinsulating material (expanded-foam type or vacuum-insulating materials, etc.).
Insulation of bathtub coverConsideration is given to the heat-insulating performance of the bathtub cover, as seen in bathtub covers
whose inside surface is covered with insulating material (expanded-foam type or vacuum insulating
materials, etc.).
Insulation of waterproof pan
Consideration is given to the heat-insulating performance of the bathroom, as seen in bathrooms where
an insulating sheet is installed at the bottom of the waterproof pan, or the back of the waterproof pan iscovered with heat-insulating material (expanded-foam type materials, etc.).
Insulation of wall/ceiling panels
Consideration is given to the heat-insulating performance of the bathroom, as seen in bathrooms where
the backs of the panels are covered with insulating material (expanded-foam type materials, etc.), or an
insulating sheet.

(Reference 3) Images of Various Types of Bathrooms

2

Structural view of a noninsulated type prefabricatedbathtub
Bathroom built using the conventional construction
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CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

Structural view 2 of an insulated type prefabricatedbathtub

Structural view 1 of an insulated type prefabricatedbathtub

Air layer

Diagram of an insulated bathtub cover
Diagram of the insulating sheet of a waterproof pan

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2.2.3 Hot-water plumbing■ Assessment Item
Evaluate measures to reduce energy consumption for hot-water plumbing and reheating plumbing.

■ Assessment Level
Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Criterion(No corresponding level)
When front-end-branching type hot-water piping is used
When header type hot-water piping is used
(May be selected if the Conditions for adding points are met.)(May be selected if the Conditions for adding points are met.)

Availability of conditions for adding points:*Available
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
If header type hot-water plumbing is used, normally the diameter of piping leading from the header to theequipment in the house can be reduced. There is also less wastage of hot water compared with the front-endbranching type. Therefore, the use of front-end-branching type hot-water plumbing is evaluated as Level 2 andthat of header type hot-water plumbing is evaluated as Level 3. Moreover, both types can be evaluated as a
maximum of Level 5 through the addition of points by satisfying the following requirements:
Conditions for adding points:
The rating will be raised by one level for each of the following conditions that is met:
1) If the length of the hot-water piping from the part that penetrates the insulated envelope of the house to the
hot-water supply system is 5 m or less, or the hot-water system is installed inside the insulated envelope,
the rating can be raised by one level.
2) If the hot-water piping from the part that penetrates the insulated envelope of the house to the hot-watersupply system is insulated, the rating can be raised by one level.
3) If the entire piping for the bathtub reheating system is insulated, the rating can be raised by one level.

2

The insulation of piping referred to in the Conditions for adding points means that expanded foam material,
etc. is used as an insulating material for the hot-water and reheating system piping. See the following examples
of insulating materials and insulation-integrated type piping.

Example of cross-linked polyethylene foam (PEF)
insulating material

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Example of insulation-integrated type piping forreheating system (super-insulated pair tube)

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

2.3 Lighting fixtures, home electric appliances, and kitchen equipment■ Assessment Item
Evaluate measures to reduce the energy consumption of lighting fixtures, electric home appliances, andkitchen equipment.
■ Assessment Level
Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Criterion
The score based on the following scoring chart is less than 2 points.
(No corresponding level)
The score based on the following scoring chart is 2 points or higher but less than 4 points.
The score based on the following scoring chart is 4 points or higher but less than 7 points.
The score based on the following scoring chart is 7 points.

The evaluation is performed based on the energy-saving standard achievement rate of five types of appliancesin Scoring charts 1 and 2 (if an electric cooking heater, not a gas cooking stove, is installed, it is evaluatedaccording to Scoring chart 3). The total score of the five types is determined as the score and evaluated withreference to the above table. If there are multiple units of same appliance in the house, the most commonly usedappliance is selected for evaluation.
［Scoring chart 1］
Score

2

0

Lighting fixtures

Electric
refrigerator

Energy-saving
standard
achievement rate:
100% or higher
Energy-saving
standard
achievement rate:
less than 100%

Energy-saving
standard
achievement rate:
80% or higher
Energy-saving
standard
achievement rate:
less than 80%［Scoring chart 2］
Score

1

0

Electric toilet seat
Energy-saving
standard
achievement rate:
100% or higher
Energy-saving
standard
achievement rate:
less than 100%

［Scoring chart 3］
Score
1
0

LCD or plasmaTV
CRT

Gas cooking
stove

Energy-saving
standard
achievement rate:
112% or higher
Energy-saving
standard
achievement rate:
less than 112%

Energy-saving
standard
achievement rate:
109% or higher
Energy-saving
standard
achievement rate:
less than 109%

Energy-saving
standard
achievement rate:
100% or higher
Energy-saving
standard
achievement rate:
less than 100%

Electric cooking heater

Induction heating (IH) type cooking
heater (when not less than half of thecooking facilities are of the IH system)
Other than the above

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:
*None

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CASBEE for Home (Detached House)■ Description
The five types of appliances rated here have been selected from among the equipment items designated as
special items in the Top Runner Standard as of September 2007, since they consume large amounts of energy
and are considered to be daily necessities. (Electric cooking heaters have a separate standard as they are notdesignated.)
Each product is given either 2 points or 1 point in terms of the energy-saving standard achievement rate set forthat type of appliance, and similarly "no possession" of an appliance of interest is also given either 2 points or 1
point. However, this only applies to a case in which occupancy with no possession of the appliance is obvious,and if it is undecided, 0 points are given.
With regard to lighting fixtures, fluorescent lights used as the main lighting (i.e., among all of the lights useddaily and concurrently) in an integrated space including the living room are evaluated. If there are multiple typesof targeted lighting fixtures, the energy-saving standard achievement rate of the lighting fixture type among themthat has the largest number of units is evaluated. If there are two or more lighting fixture types that both have thelargest number of units, the lighting fixture type among them that has the highest energy-saving standard
achievement rate is evaluated. However, if the main lighting fixture includes an incandescent lamp, it isevaluated as 0 points.
The evaluation is made using the latest target values in the Top Runner Standard released at the time of theevaluation. As a general rule, appliances are subject to evaluation when the achievement rate of the target value
is 100% or more; however, if a product is a target for the "Unified energy conservation label," which was
inaugurated in 2006, such a product with three or more stars in the multiple-stage evaluation can be scored. As
of September 2007, there are three types of target products: air conditioners, refrigerators, and TV sets. They
are scored when they have three or more stars and satisfy the following standards: 80% or more forrefrigerators, 112% or more for TV sets of the liquid crystal display (LCD) or plasma type, and 109% or more for
TV sets of the cathode ray tube (CRT) type. Other products that are newly added as target products for theUnified energy conservation label will also be evaluated according to this policy.
The energy-saving standard achievement rate for each electric home appliance should be confirmed in the
manufacturer's catalog and the latest "Energy Conservation Equipment Catalog" of the Energy Conservation
Center, Japan (http://www.eccj.or.jp/catalog/index.html).
If the equipment is of an older type and cannot be evaluated by the latest achievement rate, it should be
evaluated as 0 points in principle. However, it may be evaluated by an independently calculated achievement
rate based on a method designated by the Top Runner Standard.
Similar products whose achievement rates are not released because they are not targets of the Top RunnerStandard are rated as 0 points as a rule. However, if such a product is determined to have an energy
conservation performance equivalent to the standard scored by this evaluation, it can be scored.
Usually, since these appliances are brought in by the occupants, it is difficult for the housing supplier to obtain
information about them. However, it was decided to incorporate them into the evaluation because they accountfor a significant percentage of a house's total energy consumption. Housing suppliers are recommended to
inform the owners of houses about the importance of energy conservation related to these appliances.

2■ Explanation of Terminology
Top Runner Standard:
Refer to the Explanation of Terminology in "LRH1.2.1.2 Cooling system."
Energy conservation labeling system:
A labeling system to inform general consumers about the achievementlevel of individual products against the target value set in the Top
Runner Standard.
Unified energy conservation label:
A system by which retail businesses display energy-saving informationon their products. While the aim of the energy conservation labelingsystem is to indicate how much the target level of energy consumption
efficiency is achieved, the unified energy conservation label shows thelevel of energy conservation performance among the same type ofcurrent products evaluated in five grades. The label currently applies to
air conditioners, TV sets, and refrigerators. The more stars there are ona label, the higher the product's energy conservation performance.
Example of unified energy
conservation label

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2.4 Ventilation system■ Assessment Item
Evaluate measures to reduce the energy consumption of the ventilation system.

■ Assessment Level
Level

Criterion

Level 1
Level 2
Level 3

(No corresponding level)(No corresponding level)
An ordinary ventilation system is used.
A ventilation system that consumes not more than 70% of the power consumed by an ordinary
ventilation system is used.
A ventilation system that consumes not more than 40% of the power consumed by an ordinary
ventilation system is used.

Level 4
Level 5

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
The annual electricity consumption of the installed ventilation system (per unit ventilation) is calculated toevaluate it by a comparison with the following standard values:
Level
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Annual electricity consumption (per unit ventilation)
More than 5 kWh/year・(m3/h)
5 kWh/year・(m3/h) or less
2 kWh/year・(m3/h) or less

The annual electricity consumption is calculated by a formula such as that shown below. If there are two or
more installed systems, the total consumption of all systems is used as the basis for calculation.
Annual electricity consumption (kWh/year・(m3/h))= Σ{System electricity consumption (W) × Annual system availability factor (−)} × 24 (h/day)× 365 (days/year) ÷ {Air volume (m3) × Number of ventilation cycles (cycles/h)} ÷ 1000.
System electricity consumption: The rated electricity consumption of the ventilation system. It is usually listed in
the catalog. Contact the manufacturer if it is unknown.
Annual system availability factor: If the system is used together with natural ventilation such as in a hybrid
ventilation system or if the electricity consumption changes, calculate the annual system availability factor
separately and multiply it by the rated electricity consumption.
Air Volume: The air volume of the entire building. This involves the whole air volume, not only the ventilation
targets prescribed under the Building Standards Act of Japan.
(Reference)
The annual electricity consumption of the current ordinary ventilation system is considered to be approximately
120 W for a house with a total floor area of 130 m2, and this value is set as a standard. Energy consumption thatis 70% or less or 40% or less than this standard value is evaluated as Level 4 or Level 5, respectively.

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2.5 Highly energy-efficient equipment
2.5.1 Home cogeneration system■ Assessment Item
Evaluate the efficient use of energy by the installation of a gas engine cogeneration system, which is one of
the household cogeneration systems.
■ Assessment Level
Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Criterion(No corresponding level)(No corresponding level)No effort madeA gas engine cogeneration system is introduced but the criterion of Level 5 is not satisfied.
A gas engine cogeneration system is introduced and efficient use of energy can be expected.

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
A cogeneration system is an on-site power generation system that promotes efficient energy utilization throughthe use of its exhaust heat for hot-water supply and heating. To evaluate whether or not such a system achieves
sufficient efficiency in terms of reducing energy consumption, the matching of demand for electricity and demandfor heat by the occupants with the electricity and exhaust heat, respectively, generated by the system are theprincipal indicators.
The demand for electricity and demand for heat are confirmed using the standards listed below. Of the two
types of household cogeneration systems (the fuel cell and gas engine types), only gas engine cogeneration
systems are targeted for evaluation here. If a fuel cell type cogeneration system is installed in the targetedhouse, it is evaluated as Level 3.
The reason for this is that fuel cell type cogeneration systems are currently at the validation stage in whichdata from operation in actual houses are being obtained, so such systems are still at a stage prior to installation
for common use. We will therefore reexamine this type of system after monitoring its status of dissemination. At
this point, it is evaluated as "no effort made."2

Confirmation items to be assessed for Level 5①
Confirmationof electricity
load②
Confirmationof heat load

Lighting fixtures, refrigerators, and a full-time ventilation system are installed. Any of thefollowing electric appliances are installed and their total number is eight or more:
Air conditioner indoor unit (A whole-house air conditioner is counted as three items.)
Microwave oven, electric rice cooker, dish washer-dryer, personal computer, color TV, washingmachine (including washer-dryer), toilet seat with a warm-water “Washlet” (bidet type) system
The requirements of both a and b below are met:
a: The number of household members is three or more. The number of household members isdefined as the number of people using (living in) the house on a daily basis.
b: One or more heating systems using hot water, such as a floor-heating system, is used.

If a gas engine cogeneration system is installed, evaluation in "LRH1.2.2.1 Hot-water supply equipment" isperformed as follows:
If the system is evaluated as Level 5 in this evaluation, it is also evaluated as Level 5 in "LRH1.2.2.1
Hot-water supply equipment."
If the system is evaluated as Level 4 in this evaluation, it is also evaluated as Level 4 in "LRH1.2.2.1
Hot-water supply equipment."
Moreover, if a fuel cell type cogeneration system is installed, it is evaluated as Level 5 in "LRH1.2.2.1 Hot-watersupply equipment."

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A gas engine cogeneration system generates electricity when it judges that energy conservation can be
actualized from the estimated the heat demand (hot-water supply and heating system demand) and electricity
demand of the house.
According to "Energy Consumption for Residential Buildings in Japan" (Architectural Institute of Japan,
October 2006), the average energy consumption of a three-member household is as follows: Electricity demand= 12.2 kWh/day, Hot-water demand = 13.7 kWh/day (based on approximately 470 L/day of water heated to40℃). By adding heating demand, energy conservation efficiency using a gas engine cogeneration system canbe expected. A three-member household is set as the lower limit. When there are three or more household
members using the appliances that create the electricity load, the system is evaluated as Level 5.
As subsidy requirements under the subsidy system*1 for the installation of a current gas engine cogeneration
system, the installation of a heating system using hot water, such as a floor-heating system, is required. Thus, ahouse in which a gas engine cogeneration system is installed is evaluated as Level 5 on condition that the houseis eligible for a subsidy.
*1: Subsidy system to support installation of gas engine hot-water supply equipment, Japan Gas Association

Example of gas engine cogeneration system

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CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

2.5.2 Solar power generation system■ Assessment Item
Evaluate the energy reduction effect of introducing a solar power generation system. Solar heating andsolar hot-water supply are not evaluated here, as they are evaluated in "LRH1.1.2 Natural energy use" and"LRH1.2.2.1 Hot-water supply equipment," respectively.

■ Assessment Method
The energy-saving ratio k is calculated as follows to adjust the scores calculated in each item from LRH1.2.1.1
to 2.5.1:
Energy-saving ratio k =Energy generated by solar power generation system (GJ/year)
Primary energy consumption of whole house (GJ/year)

The scores obtained from LRH1.2.1.1 to 2.5.1 are adjusted by the following formula using the value of k:

Score after adjustment =Score of each item
(1.0 − k)*However, the number of adjusted points is up to +5 points (if k ≧ 1, each item is given 5 points).

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*If there is no solar power generation system, evaluate the house as k = 0.
■ Description
A solar energy generation system is a system that can generate the power consumed by the house, and any
surplus electricity that it generates can be sold. The entire amount of electricity generated including theelectricity to be sold is considered as the targeted reduction of energy consumed by the whole house andevaluated.
First, the annual amount of energy generated by the solar power generation system and the annual amount ofprimary energy consumption of the whole house (not limited to electricity) are calculated, and the ratio of theformer amount to the latter amount is calculated to give the energy-saving ratio k. This indicates the extent towhich the solar power generation system can cover the energy consumption of the house, with a larger value
representing a larger effect.
Second, the results of the evaluations in all items (LRH1.2.1.1 to 1.2.5.1) of "LRH1.2 Energy Saving throughEquipment Performance" are augmented using the value of k. For example, if LRH1.2.1.1 is given 3 points (Level3) and the value of k is 0.6, the corrected score is 3 / (1 - 0.6) = 7.5. Since the maximum possible score is 5, thescore is corrected to 5. If the value of k is equal to or greater than 1, every result is corrected to 5 points.
The methods of calculating the amount of energy generated by the solar power generation system and theamount of primary energy consumption of the whole house, which are necessary in order to obtain the value ofk, are described below. If any other appropriate method of making these calculations is available, it can also be
used.

2

How to calculate the amount of energy generated by the solar power generation system:
An easy method is to use the power generation estimation service provided by the manufacturer of the solar
power generation system, if available, or the amount of electricity generated in the nearest major city can beselected from the list in Table 2.5. The table shows the values for 1 kW, 3 kW, and 4 kW systems. Values for
systems with a capacity other than 1 kW, 3 kW, or 4 kW can be calculated by simply multiplying the value shownfor 1 kW by the capacity of the system concerned. The values in Table 2.5 were obtained under the conditions ofa south-facing system with a 30°angle of inclination. If the conditions of the system concerned differ from these
conditions, refer to Figures 2.21 and 2.22 and correct the amount of power generation accordingly.
A more detailed method is to calculate the value using the database of solar radiation flux values released by
the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) ("MONSOLA00 (801)" databaseof solar radiation flux by direction/angle of inclination at 801 points nationwide).

108

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria(Example) Osaka, east-facing, 20°angle of inclination, 3 kW
30.6 GJ x 80% x 98.4% = 24.1 GJ
Table 2.5 Annual production of electricity in major cities (Unit: GJ, Primary energy equivalent)
City
Tokyo
SapporoKanazawa
Shizuoka
NagoyaKyoto

1 kW

System capacity
3 kW
4 kW
29.2
28.5
28.5
32.4
32.1
29.0

9.7
9.5
9.5
10.8
10.7
9.7

39.0
38.0
38.0
43.3
42.7
38.6

*1 The values in Table 2.5 were calculatedusing the MONSOLA00 Database of NEDO.
The direction is 0°(south), and the angle ofinclination is 30°. Decrease in electricity
generation due to the accumulation of snow
is not taken into consideration.
*2 The values in Table 2.5 are reference values
denoting the primary energy equivalent. The
following formula can be used to convert thevalues into the amount of electricity
generation in terms of secondary energy
equivalent (unit: kWh):

City
Osaka
MatsueHiroshima
Takamatsu
FukuokaKagoshima

1 kW

System capacity
3 kW
4 kW

10.2
9.6
9.9
10.8
9.8
10.4

30.6
28.9
29.6
32.5
29.4
31.2

40.7
38.5
39.4
43.4
39.2
41.6

Average values of annual mean flux of global solar radiation
1961-1990(MJ/m2・day, WRR scale)
Conversion of unit
1 MJ/m2 = 23.89 cal/cm2= 238.9 kcal/m2= 0.2778 kWh/m2

Legend19 or more
18 or more
17 or more
16 or more
15 or more
14 or more
14 or more
12 or more
11 or more
10 or more
9 or more
8 or more
7 or more
Less than 7■ Observation
station● 4-element
AMeDAS

1 GJ = 1/9.83 MWh= 101.7 kWh
For example, the value of 29.2 GJ for a 3
kW system in Tokyo can be converted asfollows:
29.2 x 101.7 = 2970 kWh

Figure 2.20 (Reference) Average values of annual
mean flux of global solar radiation

Source: "Data Map associated with Nationwide Solar Radiation," FY1998,
NEDO homepage

North 50%

West 80%

East 80%

South 100%
Figure 2.21 Correction factor by the direction of installation of photovoltaic power generation panels

109

Part II LR 1
H

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Conserving Energy and Water(Reference)
Gradient

Angle ofinclination

Correction
factorHorizontal
2.5 sun3 sun
3.5 sun
4 sun
4.5 sun5 sun
5.5 sun
6 sun

0°
14.0°
16.7°
19.3°
21.8°
24.2°
26.6°
28.8°
31.0°

88.8%
96.1%
97.1%
98.1%
98.7%
99.1%
99.5%
99.8%
99.9%

* 1 sun = approx. 3.3 cm.

Angle of inclination (horizontal 0°, perpendicular 90°)

Figure 2.22 Correction factor by the angle of inclination of photovoltaic power generation panels

How to calculate the amount of primary energy consumption of the whole house:
As the amount of energy consumption will differ according to the conditions of the location, specifications of
the house, and lifestyle of the occupants, each condition of the house concerned should be taken into
consideration when making the evaluation. Although it is recommended that the amount for each house be
estimated individually, the values for average houses shown in Table 2.6 can be used for calculation.

Table 2.6 Average energy consumption for detached houses (amount of primary energy;
unit: GJ/yearÅEhousehold unit)
Total floor area: 125 m2

2

Area I

Area II

Area IIIArea IV

Area V

Area VI

Heating system
Cooling system
Hot-water supply
Lighting
Others

66.190014.91310.86729.63944.9630.204
17.962
10.86730.76634.4691.316
18.071
10.86732.49518.711
3.999
16.892
10.86732.64012.381
4.057
13.77010.86731.334010.37410.187
10.86730.763Total

121.609104.762

97.21883.10972.40962.191

Source: Conditions for calculating primary energy consumption in the Project for Promoting the Introductionof High-Efficiency Housing/Building Energy Systems, NEDO (FY2006)

110

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

3

Water Conservation

3.1 Water-saving systems■ Assessment Item
Evaluate measures for the reduction of water supply consumption by means of water-saving systems.

■ Assessment Level
Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Criterion
No effort made(No corresponding level)
One of the Efforts to be evaluated has been implemented.
Two or more of the Efforts to be evaluated have been implemented.
Three or more of the Efforts to be evaluated have been implemented.

Efforts to be evaluated
No.
1
2
3
4

EffortWater-saving type toilet (equipped with flushing mode switchover function; flushing water volume:
8 L/flush for solid waste and 6 L/flush for liquid waste)
Bathroom thermostat type water faucet plus water-saving shower head equipped with handoperated water-shutoff mechanism
Dishwasher
Other water-saving methods (water faucet designed to allow easy adjustment of water volume orequipped with water-shutoff mechanism)

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
The use of water-saving systems in lavatories, bathrooms, kitchens, and washrooms is evaluated.
Even when multiple units of the same type of system are installed, each system should be evaluated. In acase where there are two lavatories in the house and a water-saving type toilet is installed in each of them, it isconsidered that two efforts have been made. Easy water volume adjustment and/or faucets with a water-shutoff
mechanism, etc. can be evaluated in addition to the arrangements listed above.
The setting of the flushing water volume in water-saving type toilets should comply with the Environmentally
Symbiotic Housing Certification Criteria (2006 edition) (IBEC).
(Reference 1) Chapter 2, Mandatory Requirements (Water-Saving), Environmentally Symbiotic Housing
Certification Criteria (2006 edition)
Toilets installed in environmentally symbiotic housing shall use 8 liters or less of water for solid
waste and 6 liters or less for liquid waste when the flushing water volume is indicated, or 6 liters orless for solid waste and 4 liters or less for liquid waste when the tank water volume is indicated.
(Reference 2) Example of Estimation of Water-Saving Effect of Each Effort
No.
1
2
3

EffortWater-saving type toilet
Bathroom thermostat type water faucet plus
water-saving shower head equipped withhand-operated water-shutoff mechanism
Dishwasher

Assumed annual amount of watersaving for 4-member household
38 m3 (50% less)
31 m3 (35% less)
93 m3 (83% less)111Part II LR 1
H

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Conserving Energy and Water

3.2 Rainwater use■ Assessment Item
Evaluate measures for the reduction of water supply consumption by rainwater use.

■ Assessment Level
Level

Criterion

Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4(No corresponding level)(No corresponding level)No effort madeA rainwater tank that stores rainwater for use in watering, etc. is installed.
A rainwater utilization system equipped with a system to clean water for use as toilet flushingwater, etc. is installed.

Level 5

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
The subject of this evaluation is a rainwater tank designed to be connected to a rain gutter for the intake ofwater. Such a tank may be evaluated as Level 4 or Level 5 based on the following criteria:
Level 4: The rainwater tank has a capacity of 80 L or more.
Level 5: All of the following conditions are satisfied:2⇒ Water purification is performed as required for the purpose of use.
⇒ The quantity of water supply to the house is reduced 10% or more.
⇒ Rainwater is used not only for irrigation but also for daily use inside the house such as for flushing
toilets, etc.
*Source: Section 2-5, "Highly Effective Use of Water Resources," "Proposed Types," Environmentally Symbiotic
Housing Certification Criteria 2006 (IBEC)112

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

4Well-Informed Maintenance and Operation Schemes

4.1 Presentation of lifestyle advice■ Assessment Item
Evaluate the extent to which information to promote an energy-saving lifestyle has been given to theoccupants.
■ Assessment Level
Level

Criterion

Level 1
Level 2
Level 3

No effort made(No corresponding level)
An operating manual for each item of equipment has been given to the occupants.
In addition to Level 3 compliance, general instructions on an energy-saving lifestyle have been
given to the occupants.
In addition to Level 3 compliance, appropriate instructions for each individual building or lifestyle
have been given to the occupants with respect to utilities, equipment, and specifications
incorporated in or implemented for the building.

Level 4

Level 5

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
Actualization of the effects of energy-conservation type buildings and equipment depends on how the systems
are used. In this section, information given to the occupants to promote an energy-saving lifestyle is evaluated.
For Level 3 compliance, the evaluation is made that instruction manuals for the systems incorporated into thebuilding, such as the hot-water supply system, have been handed over to the occupants. With these instructionsin hand, the occupants are able to carry out the appropriate maintenance and seek better energy consumption
efficiency by maintaining the equipment performance.
Example of an effort for Level 4 compliance:
Providing the occupants with explanations about an energy-saving lifestyle using
brochures released to the public, including "Guide to Intelligent Lifestyles" issued
by the Energy Conservation Center, Japan.

"Guide to Intelligent Lifestyles" (in Japanese) can be downloaded from thefollowing website (as of September 2007):
http://www.eccj.or.jp/pamphlet/living/06/index.html
Example of an effort for Level 5 compliance:
Providing the occupants with detailed information as appropriate according to the individual conditions of thehouse, such as the operating principles and effective use of the installed systems and their specifications. For
example, when a passive ventilation system has been installed, detailed explanations are necessary according
to the locational conditions, including the design concept of the house concerned and when to open which
openings in order to realize effective ventilation.

113

Part II LR 1
H

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Conserving Energy and Water

4.2 Management and control of energy■ Assessment Item
Evaluate measures for the reduction of energy consumption by management and control of energy.

■ Assessment Level
Level

Criterion

Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4(No corresponding level)(No corresponding level)No effort madeEquipment on which energy consumption is indicated or load-reducing equipment is used.
An energy management mechanism has been put in place, and measures are taken to realize thereduction of energy consumption based on the use of this mechanism.

Level 5

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
For evaluation as Level 4, one of the following measures must be taken:
a. Equipment that indicates consumption of electricity, gas, or water is installed. (Any display format for the
consumption is acceptable, such as amount of energy, energy cost, etc.)
b. Separate systems attached to a terminal, such as an electrical outlet, gas cock, etc., that indicates electricity
or gas consumption are used.
c. A distribution switchboard equipped with a function to cut off branch circuits according to the status of power
consumption (distribution switchboard with a peak cutoff function) is installed.

2

Evaluation as Level 5 requires the use of equipment equivalent to the energy consumption indicators
registered under the "Energy Conservation Navigation" system, which control energy by setting the limits ofenergy consumption. Moreover, the following condition should be concurrently met:a. The control equipment is equipped with a function to simultaneously suspend the operation of two or more
items of equipment with large energy consumption in the house (air-conditioning systems such as room air
conditioners and floor heating, lighting, and hot-water supply) according to the status of energy
consumption.
*Conditions for equipment registered under Energy Conservation Navigation system (excerpt)(For the latest information, refer to the website of the Energy Conservation Center, Japan:
http://www.eccj.or.jp/navi/index.html)◇ Power consumption and energy-saving target consumption can be calculated in the form of monetary
values.
◇ Users can set a fee structure and target values.
◇ Accuracy of measurement is within Å}5% in each measurement range.
◇ Measurement results can be displayed immediately (within 5 minutes).
◇ Visual display is available.
◇ Others
In conceptual terms, the targeted system evaluated as Level 5 is a mechanism that automatically controls thesystems and equipment installed in a house based on the results of monitoring of the energy consumption androom environments in real time, which is now under development. This is commonly referred to as the "HomeEnergy Management System (HEMS)"; however, the definition of HEMS has not yet been established andtherefore the above conditions are used for evaluation.

114

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria(Reference) Examples of Energy Consumption Indicators

Remote controller indicating energy consumption

Indicator registered under Energy
Conservation Navigation system

The status of consumption of energy suchas electricity and gas, as well as water, etc.,
is displayed on remote controllers. The
occupants can thereby become aware ofenergy consumption and are expected topromote energy-saving behavior.
The figure above shows an example of aremote controller for a fuel cell, on which thepower generation of the fuel cell and amountof electricity purchased are indicated so thatthe users can check the electricity
consumption in the house. If such a systemthat allows energy consumption to bechecked is installed, the house is evaluatedas Level 4. Moreover, if the energy
consumption of hot-water supply equipment
is large and a function with which theconsumption can be checked is available, it
is also evaluated as Level 4.

When a function to control the target
consumption of energy among the functions
registered under the Energy Conservation
Navigation system is used, enhancement ofactivities for energy conservation can be
expected.
If only an indicator registered under the
Energy Conservation Navigation system isinstalled, the house is evaluated as Level 4.
However, if the indicator incorporates afunction that can simultaneously suspend theoperation of two or more items of equipmentwith large energy consumption, it isevaluated as Level 5, provided that theequipment has a function by which it can beremotely controlled by the occupants frominside and outside the house.

115

Part II LR 2
H1

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Using Resources Sparingly and Reducing Waste

Introduction of Materials Useful for Resource Saving
and Waste Prevention

1.1 Building frames■ Assessment Item
Evaluate efforts related to the introduction and reuse of materials in the building frames that are useful forresource saving (recycled materials, renewable materials) and waste prevention (recyclable materials).
■ Assessment Level
Level

Criterion

Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5The evaluation is conducted using the detailed items in "LRH2.1.1.1 Wooden house," "LRH2.1.1.2
Steel-frame house," or "LRH2.1.1.3 Concrete house."■ Description
This evaluation is conducted using the detailed items appropriate for the structure of the house ("1.1.1
Wooden house," "1.1.2 Steel-frame house," or "1.1.3 Concrete house"). In the case of a house with a mixed
structure, the evaluation is conducted for each of the structures separately, and a weighted average of theassessment levels is obtained according to the respective floor areas. If the result is not a whole number, theassessment level is obtained by rounding it off to the nearest whole number.
*When the evaluation is conducted using the software, the assessment results for a mixed structure are input
only in one of the columns; i.e., the column for the structure with the largest area. (With respect to the columns
for the other two structures, choose "Excluded.")2
Confirmation of
structure of house
In the case of a mixed structure, the corresponding
items are evaluated and the weighted average is
obtained according to the respective floor areas.
Example: In the case of a mixed reinforcedconcrete structure and wooden structure

Evaluation by defined detailed items, inthe case of a single structure

1.1.1
Woodenhouse

1.1.2
Steel-frame
house

1.1.3
Concrete
house

Assessment
level

Assessment
level

Assessment
level

Detailed items
1.1.1

Detailed items
1.1.3

Assessment
level ofwoodenAssessment
level ofreinforcedconcrete parts

The average of the assessment levels is
weighted according to the floor areas.

Fig. 2.23: Method of calculating the assessment level in "1.1 Building frames"

116

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria■ Explanation of Terminology
Reuse, Recycling:
In defining "reuse" and "recycling," evaluations in terms of the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) are clarified.
In this assessment, the aspect of "Reduce" is evaluated based on the reduction of virgin resource input by the
introduction of materials that are useful for resource saving (recycled materials, renewable materials). Also
evaluated are the introduction of materials that are useful for waste prevention (recyclable materials) and/or
efforts related to "Reuse" as a contribution to the objective of "Reduce."
In the criteria, "Reuse" and "Recycle" are defined as below in accordance with the Fundamental Law for
Establishing a Sound Material-Cycle Society.
● The term "Reuse" refers to "Reuse" in the Law, and to the actions listed below.
○ Use of recyclable resources (those useful among waste items) as products in their present condition(including their use after repair).
○ Use of the whole or part of recyclable resources (those useful among waste items) as components orparts of products.
● The term "Recycle" refers to the act of "Regeneration" in the Law, and means use of the whole or part ofrecyclable resources (those useful among waste items) as raw materials.
Recycled materials:
In this assessment, recycled materials are defined as below.
● Materials that are recycled or components and/or parts using these materials (quantitative evaluation ofrecycling is not taken into consideration).
● Materials designated by the Law Concerning the Promotion of Procurement of Eco-Friendly Goods andServices by the State and Other Entities (referred to as the "Law on Promoting Green Purchasing").
Renewable materials:
In this assessment, renewable materials mean materials that can be used without fear of resource depletionand that fall under either of the following categories. In general, natural materials include a broad range ofmaterials other than industrial goods, but from the perspective of resource conservation, those derived frommineral resources (stone materials, etc.) are not evaluated.
● Wood produced from sustainable forests.
● Plant-derived natural resources (bamboo, kenaf, etc.) that require a short period to become available.
Wood produced from sustainable forests:
The scope of wood from sustainable forests is described below. (Formwork is not evaluated.)
1. Thinned wood.
2. Wood produced from a forest under sustainable forestry management (for which the method of verification
complies with the "Guidelines for Verification of Legality and Sustainability of Wood and Wood Products"(Forestry Agency of Japan, 2006, described later)).
3. Conifer wood produced in Japan.
In Japan, a system to verify that forests where sustainable forestry is conducted are the place of origin ofwood, as in other countries, is still at the stage of being disseminated, and there is only a small volume of woodwith such an indication; for example, by stamping. In reality, thinned wood and conifer timber such as cedar
wood considered to be produced from sustainable forests are treated as wood produced from sustainable
forests. Among the coniferous trees listed in "Building Code Notification No. 1452 of 2000" (determining criteria
for wood strength), wood from those produced in Japan can be considered to be cut from sustainable forests.
In addition, wood-based materials such as laminated wood and plywood, which conform with these definitions,can be considered to be produced from sustainable forests.
Examples of conifers produced in Japan:
Japanese red pine, larch, hiba (Hiba arborvitae), Japanese cypress, Japanese spruce, Sakhalin fir, Japanesecedar.
*This definition is from the revision to "CASBEE for New Construction" (2006 Edition).
Recyclable materials:
In this assessment, recyclable materials refer to aluminum, iron, and copper, which are relatively easy torecycle.

117

Part II LR 2
H

Using Resources Sparingly and Reducing Waste

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)(Reference 1) Forest Certification Systems
In these systems, third-party organizations assess and certify the level of forest management based on criteria
defined by independent forest certification organizations. The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and
Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes (PEFC) are representative forest certification
systems, and various other systems are also widely adopted. Some of the representative systems including FSC
and PEFC are listed below.
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) (http://www.fsc.org/)
FSC was established in 1993. The FSC headquarters (FSC International) has been
established as a nongovernmental, nonprofit organization in Bonn, Germany, andsubordinate organizations are growing in many countries and regions around the world.
Each country or region has its own FSC forest certification standards, and sets respective
standards that meet the needs of each country or region based on 10 principles set forth
by the FSC headquarters and 56 standards based on them.
In addition to forest certification, other efforts being made are the establishment ofprocessing route traceability for forestry products and implementation of certification of
production, processing, and distribution management (chain of custody: CoC) toguarantee the compliance of completed forestry products with FSC and other standards
stipulated by FSC.

©1996 Forest StewardshipCouncil A.C.

Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) (http://www.sfiprogram.org/)
Founded in 1994 by the American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA), a forest
product industry group with the largest corporate membership among forest industry
associations in the United States, SFI is the most popular forest certification system inNorth America and provides a cross-certification arrangement with PEFC and ATFS. The
system has been operated by an independent organization, Sustainable Forestry
Initiative, Inc., since January 2007. The SFI standards are composed of 13 sections
including sustainable forestry, wood procurement policies, disclosure of reports,
continuous improvement, and control of illegal felling.
American Tree Farm System (ATFS) (http://www.treefarmsystem.org/)
ATFS is the oldest forest certification system in the United States, established in 1941.
It is operated by the American Forest Foundation, a nonprofit organization that has its
headquarters in Washington D.C. It mainly deals with owners of small-scale forests, andamong all of the forest certification systems it has the largest number of members. It also
adopts third-party certification, and implements a cross-certification system with SFI.

2

Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes (PEFC)(http://www.pefc.org/internet/html/)
PEFC was established in 1999. It is an NGO operated with the aim of mutually
approving independent sustainable forest certification standard systems of individual
countries. It has its headquarters in Luxembourg, and forest certification standard
systems from 31 countries (including SFI and ATFS) have joined PEFC so far. The forest
certification standard systems of each country adopt international forest management
standards for sustainable forest management, referred to as the intergovernmental
process, and they are planned and operated autonomously by stakeholders of forestry
unions, owners and managers of forests, timber producers, wood product distributors,
pulp and paper manufacturers and distributors, environmental groups, and various relatedbodies. PEFC carries out CoC certification, which is certified by third-party organizations.
Sustainable Green Ecosystem Council (SGEC) (http://www.sgec-eco.org/)
Founded in 2003, SGEC promotes a set of international standards. It was createdbased on globally recommended ideas concerning sustainable forest management andactual conditions of Japanese forests, in which the proportion of artificial forests is larger
and the ownership scale is small. Inspections are conducted after setting up "inspection
requirements" (specific inspection items), which comply with the conditions of"certification credits" among SGEC's seven standards and 36 indicators based on theMontreal Process (International Standards), in which Japan participates. SGEC also
certifies business entities handling SGEC-certified forestry products as a separation andlabeling system (that is, CoC certification) in addition to forest certification.

118

Promoting Sustainable Forest
Management
For more info: www.pefcasia.org
PEFC logo used under licensefrom the PEFC Council.

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria(Reference 2) Wood and Wood Products Procured by the Japanese Government
Under the "Basic Policy for the Promotion of Procurement of Eco-Friendly Goods and Services" agreed on by
the Cabinet on February 28, 2006, the government has decided to promote procurement based on the"Guidelines for Verification of Legality and Sustainability of Wood and Wood Products" announced by the
Forestry Agency. This is in line with the decision made at the Gleneagles Summit held in the United Kingdom in
July 2005 to take specific measures such as government procurement, trade restrictions, and support for timberproducing countries.
The following is an outline of the methods of verifying legality and sustainability in the Agency's guidelines:① Method using forest certification system and chain of custody certification system
A method to verify that wood and wood products have been produced in certified forests by sealing acertification mark on them in conjunction with CoC certification. (A conceptual figure is shown below.)
Forestowner, etc.

TimbermarketAcquisitionof forest
certification

Verificationof acquisitionof forest
certification

・Verificationof legality
andsustainability(both in Japanand overseas)

Secondaryprocessing
industry

Processing
factory

Distributor(wholesale
dealer)Deliverycompany

Ministries,
agencies,
etc.

Independent acquisition of CoC certification
Verification of
acquisition of
CoC
certificationby eachtimber market

Verification of
acquisition of
CoC
certificationby processing
factory

・Separate
custody ofcertified andnoncertified
wood・Separate
custody ofcertified andnoncertified
wood

Indication such aslabeling according
to the standards ofeach certification
systemVerification of
acquisition of
CoC
certification bysecondaryprocessing
industry・Separate
custody ofcertified andnoncertified
wood
products

Verification of
acquisition of
CoC
certification
by distributor

Delivery withverification that
supplies areverified・Separate
custody ofcertified andnoncertified
wood
products

Main certification system in each place of production:
・European wood (FSC, PEFC)
・American wood (FSC; US: SFI; Canada: SFI, CSA; SouthAmerica: FSC)
・Tropical wood from Southeast Asia (FSC, Malaysia: MTCC;
Indonesia: LEI)・Oceanian wood (Australia: FSC, PEFC, New Zealand: FSC)
・African wood (FSC)・Japanese wood (Japan: SGEC, FSC)

Official in
chargemakes
contractwithconditionthat woodand wood
productswith verified
legality andsustainabilit
y are to be
used.

② Method using voluntary codes of conduct of industry groups
A method of verification in which each business issues certificates after its industry group has established
its own voluntary code of conduct. (A conceptual figure is shown below.)
Forestowner, etc.

TimbermarketProcessing
factory

Secondaryprocessing
industry

Distributor(wholesale
dealer)Deliverycompany

Preparation ofcertification

Preparation ofcertification

Preparation ofcertification

Preparation ofcertification

Preparation ofcertification

Preparation ofcertification

Submission
Submission
Submission
Submission
Submission
Submission
ⅰ Legality
・The timber to be
procured should
・Delivery with・Dealing under・Proceeding・Dealing under ・Proceeding
be harvested in a
indication
separate
under
under
separate
legal mannerthat supplies
custody ofseparate
separatecustody ofconsistent withare products
woodcustody ofcustody oftimber withprocedures in thewith verified
products withwood
timber withverified
forestry laws oflegality andverifiedproducts withverifiedlegality andtimber-producing
sustainability
legality andverifiedlegality andsustainability
countries andsustainability
legality andsustainability
areas.
sustainability
ⅱSustainability
・The timber to be
procured should
be harvested
Acknowledgment
Acknowledgment
Acknowledgment
Acknowledgmentfrom forestsof efforts forof efforts forof efforts forof efforts forunderseparate custody
separate custody
separate custody
separate custodysustainable
management.

Ministries,
agencies,
etc.
Cerification

Official in
chargemakes
contract withcondition thatwood andwood
products withverifiedlegality andsustainability
are to beused.

Acknowledgmentof efforts forlegality andsustainability

Association

Association

Association

Association

Association

Association

Formulation ofvoluntary codeof conduct

Formulation ofvoluntary codeof conduct

Formulation ofvoluntary codeof conduct

Formulation ofvoluntary codeof conduct

Formulation ofvoluntary codeof conduct

Formulation ofvoluntary codeof conduct*In the case ofimported wood,
exporters, etc.
also play anintermediary rolein the above flow.

119Part II LR 2
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CASBEE for Home (Detached House)③ Method using individual operators' own efforts
A method of verification in which individual companies formulate their own measures. (A conceptual figureis shown below).
Forestowner, etc.
ⅰ Legality
・The timber to be procured
should be harvested in a legalmanner consistent withprocedures in the forestry lawsof timber-producing countries
and areas.
ⅱSustainability
・The timber to be procured
should be harvested fromforests under sustainable
management.

Processing
factory

・Proceeding under
separate custodyof timber withverified legality
and sustainability

Secondaryprocessing
industry

・Proceeding under
separate custodyof wood productswith verified
legality andsustainability

Deliverycompany
・Delivery withindication that
supplies areproducts withverified legality
andsustainability
Formulation ofcertification

Understanding
Certification and announcement by the delivery company, etc. after gaining an
understanding of the distribution process from harvesting to delivery
・In formulating a code of conduct for verifying legality and sustainability, agreements are made withthe companies at each stage from harvesting to delivery, securing their acknowledgement of thecode of conduct and measures for separate custody.
・Each company should certify legality and sustainability and implement measures for separate
custody based on the code of conduct.
・Assessment and public notification of status of implementation of original measures (assessmentby third-party institutions is desirable to secure objectivity).

Ministries,
agencies,
etc.

Submission

Certification

Official in
chargemakes
contractwithconditionthat woodand wood
productswith verified
legality andsustainabilit
y are to be
used.

*In the case of imported wood, exporters, etc. also play an intermediary role in the above flow.

(Reference 3) "Green Purchasing Laminated Wood Products"
Based on the Law Concerning the Promotion of Procurement of Eco-Friendly Goods and Services by the Stateand Other Entities (Law on Promoting Green Purchasing) and according to the "Basic Policy for the Promotion of
Procurement of Eco-Friendly Goods and Services" (Part III 2.2 (Reference 4) as decided by the Cabinet in
March 2004, sawn timber, in which thinned wood is used as part of the raw materials, laminated wood products,
and recycled wooden boards have been designated as specified procurement items, which are preferentiallypurchased by the government. "Green purchasing laminated wood products" is the term used by the Japan
Laminated Wood Products Association.

2

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CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

1.1.1 Wooden house■ Assessment Item
Evaluate the extent to which wooden materials produced from sustainable forests are used for the building
frames in the case of a wooden house built by such methods as wood framework construction, two-by-fourconstruction, wood panel construction, or wood unit construction.
■ Assessment Level
Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Criterion(No corresponding level)(No corresponding level)
Does not satisfy the criterion of Level 4.
Wood produced from sustainable forests is used for more than half of the building frames.
Wood produced from sustainable forests is used for the entire building frames.

Availability of conditions for adding points:*Available
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*In the case of "1.1.2 Steel-frame house" or "1.1.3 Concrete house"■ Description
In this section, an evaluation is conducted on the proportion of wood produced from sustainable forests used
for the building frames of a wooden house built by such methods as wood framework construction, two-by-fourconstruction, wood panel construction, or wood unit construction.
The term "building frames" here refers to pillars, beams, bracing members, and structural plywood constituting
roof trusses and/or bearing walls, but does not include foundations.
"More than half" as specified in Level 4 is judged according to the cubic volume used in the building frames,
and cases in which the proportion of wood produced from sustainable forests is lower than 0.5 are evaluated as
Level 3.
Conditions for adding points:
The evaluation can be raised by up to two levels when each of the following conditions are met. However, if
the resultant level exceeds Level 5, it is evaluated as Level 5.
Part 1The level is raised by 1 in a case where wood whose legality and sustainability are verified according to"① Method using forest certification system and chain of custody certification system," "② Method using
voluntary codes of conduct of industry groups," or "③ Method using individual operators' own efforts" inthe "Guidelines for Verification of Legality and Sustainability of Wood and Wood Products" (Forestry
Agency, refer to previous related information) is used for more than half of the building frames. In general,wood whose legality and sustainability is verified by method ① is the norm from the viewpoint of
independence, but verification by methods ② and ③ may also be permitted considering the current
distribution status and the importance of promoting the use of wood and wood products with verified
legality.
Part 2The level is raised by 1 or 2, respectively, when reused materials once used in other building structures
are used for part of or more than half of the building frames.
■ Explanation of Terminology
Wood produced from sustainable forests:
See "LRH2.1.1 Building frames" for the definition of this term.

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CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

1.1.2 Steel-frame house■ Assessment Item
Evaluate the extent to which electric steel is used in the building frames in the case of a steel-frame houseof light-gauge or heavy-gauge steel structure, or built by the steel unit construction method.
■ Assessment Level
Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Criterion(No corresponding level)(No corresponding level)
Electric steel is not used in the building frames or it cannot be confirmed.
Electric steel is used for part of the building frames.
Electric steel is used for more than half of the building frames.

Availability of conditions for adding points:*Available
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*In the case of "1.1.1 Wooden house" or "1.1.3 Concrete house"■ Description
This evaluation is conducted according to the proportion of electric steel that is used in the building frames of asteel-frame house of light-gauge or heavy-gauge steel frames, or built by the steel unit construction method.
Although iron scrap can be considered as a recycled material because it is included when virgin steel ismanufactured, it is not evaluated in this assessment because the percentage is low, at 2-3%.
The term "building frames" here refers to pillars, beams, roof trusses, and sill plates manufactured using steel
materials, but does not include plywood used in the floor, roof sheathing board, and exterior wall sheathing, norfoundations.
As electric steel and virgin steel are produced by different manufacturers, the steel grade can be judged
accordingly.

2

Regarding Levels 4 and 5, the judgment is made according to the proportion (weight) of electric steel used in
the building frames. A case in which the proportion is lower than 0.5 is evaluated as Level 4, while case in which
the proportion is 0.5 or higher is evaluated as Level 5.
Conditions for adding points:
When reused materials once used in other building structures are used for part of or more than half of thebuilding frames, the level is raised by 1 or 2, respectively. However, if the resultant level exceeds Level 5, it isevaluated as Level 5.
■ Explanation of Terminology
Electric steel:
Steel produced by an electric furnace from recovered iron scrap melted by the furnace.

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CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

1.1.3 Concrete house■ Assessment Item
Evaluate efforts to save resources in the case of a concrete house with a reinforced-concrete structure or
reinforced-concrete box frame structure.
■ Assessment Level
Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Criterion(No corresponding level)(No corresponding level)
Neither of Efforts to be evaluated No. 1 or 2 have been implemented.
Either one of Efforts to be evaluated No. 1 or 2 has been implemented.
Both of Efforts to be evaluated No. 1 and 2 have been implemented.

Efforts to be evaluatedNo.
1
2

EffortBlended cement (blast-furnace cement or fly-ash cement) or eco-cement is used for the structuralconcrete. (Use in blinding concrete or exterior wainscots is not evaluated.)
Recycled aggregate or slag aggregate for concrete is used for the structural concrete. (Use inblinding concrete or exterior wainscots is not evaluated.)

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*In the case of "1.1.1 Wooden house" or "1.1.2 Steel-frame house"■ Description
In this section, efforts to save resources in the case of a concrete house with a reinforced-concrete structure or
reinforced-concrete box frame structure are evaluated.
The term "building frames" referred to here does not include blinding concrete, exterior wainscots, andfoundations. However, because concrete using recycled aggregate does not conform with JIS, attention shouldbe paid to the requirement of attestation based on Article 37 of the Building Standards Act in order to use it infoundations and principal structural parts.
Here, quantitative evaluation is not conducted concerning the efforts made.
Blended cement (blast-furnace cement or fly-ash cement), eco-cement, and slag aggregate used for concrete
are materials designated by the Law Concerning the Promotion of Procurement of Eco-Friendly Goods andServices by the State and Other Entities (Law on Promoting Green Purchasing).
■ Explanation of Terminology
Blended cement:
Blended cement is cement mainly composed of Portland cement, mixed with silica admixture, blast-furnace
slag fines and fly ash.
Blast-furnace cement:
Blast furnace cement is blended cement in which rapidly cooled blast-furnace slag fines are used as anadditive. There are three types, A, B, and C, according to the amount of additive.
Fly-ash cement:
Fly-ash cement is blended cement in which fly ash, a byproduct from the firing of pulverized coal, is used as
an additive.
Eco-cement:
Eco-cement is cement produced using waste such as the residue of incinerated urban garbage (incineration
ash, soot, and dust) as the main raw material.

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Recycled aggregate:
Recycled aggregate is aggregate that is reused in concrete, obtained by pulverizing and separating concreteand concrete products generated as waste from demolished buildings and structures.
Slag aggregate used for concrete:
Slag aggregate is aggregate used for concrete that is produced as a byproduct of the iron and steel
manufacturing process.

2

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CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

1.2 Ground-reinforcing materials, foundation work, and foundations■ Assessment Item
Evaluate efforts to save resources with respect to ground-reinforcing materials, foundation work, andfoundations.
■ Assessment Level
Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Criterion(No corresponding level)(No corresponding level)
None of Efforts to be evaluated No. 1 through 3 have been implemented.
One of Efforts to be evaluated No. 1 through 3 has been implemented.
Two or more of Efforts to be evaluated No. 1 through 3 have been implemented.

Efforts to be evaluated
No.
1
2
3

EffortBlended cement (blast-furnace cement or fly-ash cement) or eco-cement is used.
Recycled aggregate or slag aggregate for concrete is used.
Steel slag for foundation improvement is used for improvement of the foundations.

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
The efforts evaluated here are basically the same as the detailed items of "LRH2.1.1.3 Concrete house," butrecycled slag and steel slag for foundation improvement designated by the Law Concerning the Promotion of
Procurement of Eco-Friendly Goods and Services by the State and Other Entities (Law on Promoting Green
Purchasing) are added. However, since concrete using recycled aggregate does not conform with JIS, attention
should be paid to the requirement of attestation based on Article 37 of the Building Standards Act in order to use
it in foundations and principal structural parts.
Here, quantitative evaluation is not conducted concerning the efforts made.
■ Explanation of Terminology
Recycled aggregate:
Recycled aggregate is aggregate that is reused in concrete, obtained by pulverizing and separating concreteand concrete products generated as waste from demolished buildings and structures.
Steel slag for foundation improvement:
Steel slag that can be used as a substitute for natural sand (sea sand, pit sand).
Refer to "LRH2.1.1.3 Concrete house" for definitions of blended cement, blast-furnace cement, fly-ash cement,
eco-cement, and slag aggregate used for concrete.

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H

1.3 Exterior materials■ Assessment Item
Evaluate the introduction of materials that are useful for resource saving (recycled and renewable materials)
and waste prevention (recyclable materials) in the exterior materials.
■ Assessment Level
Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Criterion
Does not satisfy the criterion of Level 3.
(May be selected if the Conditions for adding points are met.)
0.4 ≤ Credit ratio [Ⅲ] in Efforts to be evaluated < 0.6
0.6 ≤ Credit ratio [Ⅲ] in Efforts to be evaluated < 0.8
0.8 ≤ Credit ratio [Ⅲ] in efforts to be evaluatedEfforts to be evaluatedEvaluation points
Large-scale Small-scale
efforteffort2

Noeffort

2

1

0

2

1

0

2

1

0

2

1

0

2

1

0

[Ⅰ] Total points =point(s)EffortUse of material that promotes resource saving or waste reduction for theroofing material (in the case of a sloping roof) or waterproofing material(in the case of a flat roof)
Use of material that promotes resource saving or waste reduction for theroof sheathing material (in the case of a sloping roof) or waterproof
sheathing material (in the case of a flat roof)
Use of material that promotes resource saving or waste reduction for theexterior wall material
Use of material that promotes resource saving or waste reduction for theexterior wall sheathing
Use of material that promotes resource saving or waste reduction for the
insulation materials[Ⅱ] Maximum points=
point(s)[Ⅲ] Credit ratio ([Ⅰ]÷[Ⅱ])=Cases in which the building frame also functions as an exterior material, such as as-cast concrete walls andconstruction materials used for uncovered structures in traditional houses, are evaluated.
● Battens for holding tiles used in a tiled roof are evaluated as roofing materials.
● Furring strips and wooden laths as well as surface materials such as plywood are included in exterior wall
sheathing.
● In a case where no applicable exterior material is used in a particular category, the effort is not evaluated inthat category. In this case, it is not counted in either " [Ⅰ] Total points" or " [Ⅱ] Maximum points."● " [Ⅱ] Maximum points" is calculated using the following formula:
Maximum points = Number of efforts subject to evaluation × 2 points (i.e., the effort that can be evaluatedas "Large-scale efforts").
Availability of conditions for adding points:*Available
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None●■ Description
In this section, the term "exterior material" means only the main materials constituting the exterior of thebuilding and does not include ancillary items such as louvers and lattices, nor underthroating. The exteriormaterials evaluated are roofing materials, waterproofing materials, roof sheathing materials, waterproof
sheathing materials, exterior wall materials, exterior wall sheathing, and insulation materials.
Evaluation is carried out according to the credit ratio, after assessing the introduction of materials that are
useful for resource saving (recycled materials, renewable materials) and materials useful for waste prevention

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CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria(recyclable materials) in the exterior materials.
With regard to the extent of efforts concerning materials other than insulation materials, the use of suchmaterials for surface materials is treated as a "Large-scale effort," while the use of such materials for linear
elements such as scantlings and joiners is treated as a "Small-scale effort." The use of small items such as
metal fittings, screws, and nails is not treated as an effort.
With regard to the extent of efforts concerning insulation materials, overall use of recycled materials isregarded as a "Large-scale effort" and partial use as a "Small-scale effort."
Conditions for adding points:
When reused materials once used in other building structures are used for part of or more than half of theexterior materials, the level is raised by 1 or 2, respectively. However, if the resultant level exceeds Level 5, it isevaluated as Level 5.
■ Explanation of Terminology
Refer to "LRH2.1.1 Building frames" for the definitions of reused materials, recycled materials, renewablematerials, and recyclable materials.
(Reference 1) Examples of Materials Useful for Resource Saving (Recycled Materials)
Name of product

Main applications

Raw materials usedTiles (recycled materials)

Exterior walls

Ash from incineration of sewage sludge,
liquid slag, waste glass, waste ceramics,
etc.

Resin construction materials mixed withwood flour (construction materials madefrom wood flour and thermoplastic resinby mixing and molding)Battens for holding
tiles, eave boards

Waste plastic, wood flour

Recycled plastic

Exterior wall
sheathing

Waste plastic

Recycled insulation material (including
cellulose fiber)Rock wool
Glass wool
Recycled wooden board (particleboard)
Recycled wooden board (fiberboard)

Insulation material

Waste wood material, PET bottles, used
paper
Blast-furnace slag
Recycled glass
Waste wood material
Waste wood material

Insulation material
Insulation material
Sheathing material
Sheathing material
Surface material for
Used paper pulp, blast-furnace slag
Ceramic siding material
exterior walls
Exterior materials other than those listed above made using waste or byproducts from other industries.

(Reference 2) Definition of Materials Useful for Resource Saving (Renewable Materials)
The term "renewable materials" refers to wood produced from sustainable forests or to plant-derived natural
materials that require a short period to become available (e.g., grass or straw for thatched roofs, etc.). Refer to"LRH2.1.1 Building frames" for details.
(Reference 3) Examples of Materials Useful for Waste Prevention (Recyclable Materials)
Aluminum, iron, copper(Reference 4) Problem regarding Distribution of Materials Subject to Evaluation
In cases where it is difficult to obtain the materials that are subject to this evaluation (reused, recycled,
reusable, or recyclable materials), major manufacturers can produce such materials by themselves (such as
meter-module-based plywood from domestic coniferous trees), but ordinary builders cannot. This may place thelatter builders at a disadvantage when it comes to evaluation. It is essential to prevent the size of a corporationfrom affecting judgments made for evaluations, but at present it is difficult to find an effective solution. Thus, it isnecessary for this matter to be on the agenda for future solution.

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Using Resources Sparingly and Reducing Waste

H

1.4 Interior materials■ Assessment Item
Evaluate the introduction of materials that are useful for resource saving (recycled and renewable materials,
plant-derived natural materials) and waste prevention (recyclable materials) in the interior materials.
■ Assessment Level
Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Criterion
Does not satisfy the criterion of Level 3.
(May be selected if the Conditions for adding points are met.)
0.4 ≤ Credit ratio [Ⅲ] in Efforts to be evaluated < 0.6
0.6 ≤ Credit ratio [Ⅲ] in Efforts to be evaluated < 0.8
0.8 ≤ Credit ratio [Ⅲ] in efforts to be evaluatedEfforts to be evaluatedEvaluation points
Large-scale Small-scale
efforteffort2

Noeffort

2

1

0

2

1

0

2

1

0

2

1

0

2

1

0

2

1

0

[Ⅰ] Total points =point(s)EffortUse of material that promotes resource saving or waste reduction for thefloor finishing material
Use of material that promotes resource saving or waste reduction for the
subfloor material
Use of material that promotes resource saving or waste reduction for theinterior wall finish
Use of material that promotes resource saving or waste reduction for theinterior wall sheathing material
Use of material that promotes resource saving or waste reduction for theceiling finish
Use of material that promotes resource saving or waste reduction for theceiling sheathing material[Ⅱ] Maximum points=
point(s)[Ⅲ] Credit ratio ([Ⅰ]÷[Ⅱ])=Cases in which the building frame also functions as an interior material, such as as-cast concrete walls andconstruction materials used for uncovered structures in traditional houses, are evaluated.
● In a case where no applicable interior material is used in a particular category, the effort is not evaluated inthat category. In this case, it is not counted in either " [Ⅰ] Total points" or " [Ⅱ] Maximum points."● " [Ⅱ] Maximum points" is calculated using the following formula:
Maximum points = Number of efforts subject to evaluation × 2 points (i.e., the effort that can be evaluatedas "Large-scale efforts").
Availability of conditions for adding points:*Available
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None●■ Description
The interior materials evaluated are the finishing materials and sheathing materials used for floors, interior
walls and ceilings. Insulation materials are not evaluated as they are evaluated in "LRH2.1.3 Exterior materials."
Evaluation is carried out according to the credit ratio, after assessing the introduction of materials that are
useful for resource saving (recycled materials, renewable materials) and materials useful for waste prevention(recyclable materials) as interior materials.
With regard to the extent of efforts, the use of such materials for surface materials in a living room is treated asa "Large-scale effort," while the use of such materials for linear elements such as skirtings or baseboards, crownmoldings, and scantlings is treated as a "Small-scale effort." The use of small items such as metal fittings,
screws, and nails is not treated as an effort.

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CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

Conditions for adding points:
When reused materials once used in other building structures are used for part of or more than half of theinterior work, the level is raised by 1 or 2, respectively. However, if the resultant level exceeds Level 5, it isevaluated as Level 5.
■ Explanation of Terminology
Refer to "LRH2.1.1 Building frames" for the definitions of reused materials, recycled materials, renewablematerials, and recyclable materials.
(Reference 1) Examples of Materials Useful for Resource Saving (Recycled Materials)
Name of productTiles (recycled materials)

Main applications
Interior walls

Raw materials used
Ash from incineration of sewage sludge,
liquid slag, waste glass, waste ceramics,
etc.

Resin construction materials mixed withwood flour (construction materials made Interior walls
Waste plastic, wood flour
from wood flour and thermoplastic resin (wainscots)by mixing and molding)Sheathing material
Waste wood material
Recycled wooden board (particleboard)
Recycled wooden board
Sheathing material
Waste wood material(fiberboard)
Sheathing material
Desulfurized plaster
Plasterboard
Interior materials other than those listed above made using waste or byproducts from other industries.

(Reference 2) Definition of Materials Useful for Resource Saving (Renewable Materials)
The term "renewable materials" refers to wood produced from sustainable forests or plant-derived natural
materials that require a short period to become available (bamboo flooring, kenaf wallpaper, tatami matting,bamboo laths, etc.). Refer to "LRH2.1.1 Building frames" for details.
(Reference 3) Examples of Materials Useful for Waste Prevention (Recyclable Materials)
Aluminum, iron, copper(Reference 4) Problem regarding Distribution of Materials Subject to Evaluation
In cases where it is difficult to obtain the materials that are subject to this evaluation (reused, recycled,
reusable, or recyclable materials), major manufacturers can produce such materials by themselves (such as
meter-module-based plywood from domestic coniferous trees), but ordinary builders cannot. This may place thelatter builders at a disadvantage when it comes to evaluation. It is essential to prevent the size of a corporationfrom affecting judgments made for evaluations, but at present it is difficult to find an effective solution. Thus, it isnecessary for this matter to be on the agenda for future solution.

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Using Resources Sparingly and Reducing Waste(Examples of Evaluation)
Infilled insulation method for conventional wood
framework construction (Case 1)

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Externally fitted insulation method forconventional wood framework construction(Case 2)2

Floor finishingmaterial
Subfloor materialInterior wall finish
Interior wall
sheathing material
Ceiling finish
Ceiling sheathingmaterial
Total
Assessment score
Level

130

Case 1Case 2

Flooring(plywood base material)
0
Structural plywood0Vinyl wallpaper0
Plasterboard
2
Vinyl wallpaper0
Plasterboard
2

Flooring(plywood base material)
0
Structural plywood
0Japanese washi-style wallpaper2
Plasterboard
2
Japanese washi-style wallpaper2
Plasterboard2

4 (4/12 = 0.33)

8 (8/12 = 0.67)

Level 1

Level 4

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

Infilled insulation method for two-by-four construction(Case 3)

Case 3
Floor finishingmaterial
Subfloor materialInterior wall finish
Interior wall
sheathing material
Ceiling finish
Ceiling sheathingmaterial
Total
Assessment score
Level

Flooring(plywood base material)
0
Structural plywood (sustainability-verified material)
2
Vinyl wallpaper0
Plasterboard
2
Vinyl wallpaper0
Plasterboard2
6 (6/12 = 0.5)
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CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

1.5 Materials for the external area
■ Assessment Item
Evaluate the introduction of materials for the external area that are useful for resource saving (recycled andrenewable materials).
■ Assessment Level
Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Criterion(No corresponding level)(No corresponding level)
None of Efforts to be evaluated No. 1 through 4 have been implemented.
(No corresponding level)
Any of Efforts to be evaluated No. 1 through 4 have been implemented.

Efforts to be evaluated
No.

1

2

3

2

4

Effort・Application of paving blocks made from waste clay from the ceramicindustry or waste glass to corridors or parking lots
・Installation of an outdoor deck made of artificial materials produced
Use of recycled materials
from wood powder and thermoplastic resin
・Use of materials for the external area that are made of waste andbyproducts from other industries
・Use of recycled stone for pavement stone
Use of reused materials
・Use of used bricks for flower beds
・Installation of an outdoor deck made of wood produced from
Use of wood products
sustainable forests
produced from sustainable・Application of wood produced from sustainable forests to the external
forestsarea
Use of natural materials
made from plants that ・Use of bamboo products
quickly become usable as ・Application of natural materials made from plants that quickly
become usable as materials and are less likely to be depleted inmaterials and are lessterms of resources to the external area
likely to be depleted interms of resources

In the above table of "Efforts to be evaluated," wood produced from sustainable forests and plant-derived
natural materials are evaluated. The evaluations are made only for the raw materials, not for their use in terms ofplanting.
Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
In this section, materials that are useful for resource saving, recycled materials, and renewable materials(wood produced from sustainable forests, and plant-derived natural materials that can be used without fear of
resource depletion and that require a short period to become available) are evaluated.
Although metal materials are evaluated as recyclable materials when used for exterior and interior materials,
they are excluded from evaluation in the case of the external area because aluminum is already in widespreaduse in external areas.
■ Explanation of Terminology
Refer to "LRH2.1.1 Building frames" for the definitions of recycled materials, renewable materials, and wood
produced from sustainable forests.

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CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

2

Reduction of Waste in the Production and Construction
Stages

2.1 Production stage (members for building frames)■ Assessment Item
Evaluate efforts to reduce waste at the production and processing stages of members for the building
frames.
■ Assessment Level
Level

Criterion(No corresponding level)(No corresponding level)
No instructions have been given on efforts to reduce the generation of byproducts in the structuralmember production and processing stages or to promote recycling, and no such efforts have
Level 3been implemented.
(No corresponding level)
Level 4
Instructions have been given by means of design documents, etc. on efforts to reduce thegeneration of byproducts in the structural member production and processing stages or to
Level 5promote recycling, or such efforts have actually been implemented.
Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*A case in which members for the building frames are not processed in a factory but only at the construction
site is not evaluated.
Level 1
Level 2■ Description
In this section, among efforts to reduce waste at the production and processing stages, efforts related to thebuilding frame members are evaluated.
Basically, the evaluation is targeted at efforts with respect to the corresponding type of construction work, butefforts to reduce waste by the companies concerned are also evaluated. The efforts of precutting factories in thecase of wooden construction, steel frame production factories in the case of steel construction, or reinforcingsteel processing factories or production factories of prefabricated structure manufacturers in the case ofreinforced-concrete construction are assessed, and cases in which ISO 14001 certification has been acquired,or zero emissions have been achieved, are evaluated as Level 5. Examples of efforts made are shown below.
Examples of Byproduct Reduction● Reduction of materials during processing on the basis of each type of construction● Economical cutting from standard-sized materials● Delivery of materials by suppliers using simple packaging and returnable containers
Examples of Promotion of Byproduct Recycling● Thorough separation of byproducts● Recycling of wood offcuts into particleboard, material recycling such as manufacturing of artificial wood bywood flour and use of polypropylene (PP) bands● Energy recovery through a cogeneration system using wood offcuts, etc.

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Using Resources Sparingly and Reducing Waste

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

2.2 Production stage (members other than those for building frames)■ Assessment Item
Evaluate efforts to reduce waste at the production and processing stages of members other than those forthe building frames.
■ Assessment Level
Level

Criterion(No corresponding level)(No corresponding level)
Does not satisfy the criterion of Level 4.
Instructions have been given by means of design documents, etc. on the use of one or twomaterials, other than members for the building frames, for which efforts have been made toLevel 4
reduce the generation of byproducts during the production or processing stages or to promote
recycling, or such efforts have actually been implemented.
Instructions have been given by means of design documents, etc. on the use of three or morematerials, other than members for the building frames, for which efforts have been made toLevel 5
reduce the generation of byproducts during the production or processing stages or to promote
recycling, or such efforts have actually been implemented.
Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3■ Description
In this section, efforts to reduce waste at the production and processing stages of members other than thosefor the building frames are evaluated.
Materials for which efforts are made to reduce the generation of byproducts or promote recycling at the
production and processing stages refer to the following two types of materials:● Construction materials obtained from a factory that has acquired ISO 14001 certification.
● Construction materials of a manufacturer designated under the "wide-area recycling designation system."

2

In addition, cases such as the factories of prefabricated structure manufacturers that produce members forbuilding frames and other members are evaluated, and cases in which ISO 14001 certification has beenacquired, or zero emissions have been achieved, are evaluated as Level 5.
■ Explanation of Terminology
Wide-area recycling designation system:
This is a system created in the form of a special provision of the Waste Management and Public Cleansing Act
in order to promote the smooth collection and recycling by companies of used products that have been
manufactured by them. A manufacturer can be specified as a designated industrial waste processor by the
Ministry of the Environment by making an application, which will be followed by an examination of the recovery
routes, details of the recycled materials, and a summary of consigned contractors for the company's collection
and recycling systems. A designated industrial waste processor can collect and recycle its own used products
nationwide without the need to obtain permission for industrial waste management (collection, transportation,and disposal).

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CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

2.3 Construction stage■ Assessment Item
Evaluate efforts to reduce waste produced at the construction site.

■ Assessment Level
Level

Criterion

Level 1
Level 2

(No corresponding level)(No corresponding level)
No instructions have been given on efforts to reduce the generation of byproducts in theconstruction stage or to promote recycling, and no such efforts have been implemented.
(No corresponding level)
Instructions have been given by means of design documents, etc. on efforts to reduce thegeneration of byproducts in the construction stage or to promote recycling, or such efforts haveactually been implemented.

Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
In this section, efforts to reduce waste at the construction stage are evaluated.
Basically, the evaluation is targeted at efforts with respect to the actual construction work, but efforts to reduce
waste by the companies concerned are also evaluated.
Examples of efforts made to reduce waste at the construction stage are shown below.
Examples of Reduction of Waste● Reduction of onsite processing by using precut materials, etc.
● Reduction of formwork materials by using metal forms● Thorough separation of byproducts● Collection of byproducts
In addition, cases in which ISO 14001 certification has been acquired, or zero emissions have been achieved,
are evaluated as Level 5.

135Part II LR 2
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3

Using Resources Sparingly and Reducing Waste

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Promotion of Recycling

3.1 Provision of information on materials used
■ Assessment Item
Evaluate the provision of information on disposal and recycling of materials used in the house.

■ Assessment Level
Level

Criterion

Level 1
Level 2

(No corresponding level)(No corresponding level)
No information on recycling or disposal of materials used in the building has been given to theoccupants.
(No corresponding level)
Some information on recycling or disposal of materials used in the building has been given to theoccupants.

Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*In a case where it is difficult to implement the effort listed above, the provision of information that makes it
possible to identify the manufacturers, names of products, and model numbers of materials used as surface
materials and linear elements in the framework, interior, and exterior materials is evaluated, and if suchinformation is provided, it is evaluated as Level 5. In this case, the provision of information is not required
for metal connectors (screws and nails), adhesives, double-sided tapes, sealing materials, subsidiarymaterials such as coating materials, and natural materials such as wood, stones, and soil.
Assessment not applicable:
*None

2

■ Description
In this section, the provision of information on the disposal and recycling of materials used in the house isevaluated.
Specifically, the provision of information to the occupants on recycling of materials, precautions in the case ofdemolition work, and procedures in the case of disposal is evaluated.
However, it is very difficult to predict future circumstances such as the development of recycling technologies
and occurrence of new environmental pollution problems, and only the information available at the time of
construction can be provided, but as it is highly important to identify the materials used in a house at the time ofits demolition, this aspect is included in the evaluation. In this case, it is desirable for the composition of thematerials to be provided, but as it is realistic to provide information for the identification of materials, informationthat enables to identify manufacturers, name of products, model numbers of the materials used as surface
materials and linear elements in the framework, interior, and exterior materials is evaluated. Information on metal
connectors (screws and nails), adhesives, double-sided tapes, sealing materials, and subsidiary materials suchas coating materials is not included in the evaluation items, as they are often procured at the construction site.
Regarding the means by which the information is provided, the media evaluated are not limited to paper media
such as drawings, but also include magnetic storage media and the Internet.
The evaluation is targeted not only at efforts with respect to the actual construction work, but also those by thecompanies concerned. However, the provision of information on materials not used in the actual house (forexample, asbestos) is not evaluated.
The provision of information on materials used in houses is currently at the development stage and is still
uncommon. It is hoped that this practice will be further promoted.

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CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

137

Part II LR 3

Consideration of the Global, Local, andSurrounding Environment

H

1

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Consideration of Global Warming■ Assessment Item
Evaluate the level of consideration of global warming in terms of the carbon dioxide emissions produced
from all processes of the house from construction to occupancy, renovation, demolition, and disposal(referred to herein as "life cycle CO 2").
■ Assessment Level
Level

Criterion
Levels are expressed in life cycle CO2 emission rates converted to any of the numbers 1 through5 (down to the first decimal place).
Levels 1, 3, and 5 are defined by the following emission rates:

Level 1
toLevel 5

Level 1: The life cycle CO2 emission rate is 125% or higher than that of an ordinary house(reference value).
Level 3: The life cycle CO2 emission rate is equal to that of an ordinary house (reference value).
Level 5: The life cycle CO2 emission rate is 75% or lower than that of an ordinary house (reference
value).
Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
Fossil fuels are consumed in various stages of a house's life cycle from construction to occupancy, renovation,
demolition, and disposal, and large amounts of carbon dioxide are emitted as these fuels are consumed. To be
more specific, during the construction stage materials are gathered and formed into building blocks andmembers, which are transported to the construction site, and the house is built. During occupancy, the residentsof the house consume electricity, gas, and water, and replace building members and facilities. CO 2 emitted inconnection with all of these activities related to housing is said to account for one-sixth of the total CO 2
emissions in Japan. Measures to prevent global warming related to housing are therefore a major issue.
CO 2 emitted in the life cycle processes of the house being evaluated, ranging from construction to demolitionand disposal, (life cycle CO 2) is compared with that of an ordinary house to evaluate the reduction effect of thetargeted house. Calculation of life cycle CO 2 requires a large amount of time and specialized knowledge, and it
is difficult to perform during the execution stage of housing construction. Therefore, the assessment results
obtained for other evaluation items (17 items selected from QH2 and LRH1), which have a large impact on life
cycle CO 2, are used to simplify the calculation process. The specific calculation procedure is shown in detail inPart III.

2

Scoring items used in life cycle CO2 calculation
QH2
Ensuring a Long
Service Life
LRH1
Conserving
Energy and
Water

138

1. Basic Life
Performance
2. Maintenance
1. Energy Saving
through Building
Innovation
2. Energy Saving
through Equipment
Performance

1.1 Building frames
1.2 Exterior wall materials
1.3 Roof materials/flat roof
2.2.2 Maintenance system
1.1 Control of thermal loadof building
1.2 Natural energy use
2.1.1 Heating system
2.1.2 Cooling system
2.2.1 Hot-water supply
equipment
2.2.2 Heat insulation ofbathtub
2.2.3 Hot-water plumbing
2.3 Lighting fixtures, home

Utilization in calculation
Used in calculation of CO2 emissions
from "construction" and "renovation,
repair, and demolition"
Used in calculation of CO2 emissions
from "occupancy"

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

electric appliances, andkitchen equipment
2.4 Ventilation system
2.5.1 Home cogeneration
system
2.5.2 Solar power
generation system
3. Water Conservation 3.1 Water-saving systems
3.2 Rainwater use

In addition to these, there are various efforts that help to reduce CO2 emissions. Of them, some efforts that are
more effective and for which it is easier to set general evaluation conditions have been selected for evaluation.
Although there is currently no definitive evaluation approach for "LRH1.2.5.1 Home cogeneration system," atentative evaluation approach has been established for gas engine cogeneration systems, which have alreadybecome widely disseminated today. Specifically, the recovered waste heat from power generation using thissystem is taken into consideration, and hot-water supply and heating with a gas-engine cogeneration system areevaluated as Level 5. Based on this level setting, CO2 emissions are calculated with respect to this system.
The above calculation is automatically conducted by the dedicated software, and the results are shown in "Life
Cycle CO2 (global warming impact chart)" in the "Results" sheet as a comparison with the reference values of an
ordinary house.
In addition, these results are converted to a number between Levels 1 and 5 depending on the scale ofreduction compared with the reference values, and the converted values are shown in "Assessment of MediumLevel categories (bar charts)" in the "Results" sheet. If the life cycle CO2 of the evaluated house is equal to thereference value, then its level is 3. If it is 75% or less than 75% of the reference value, its level is 5.
In this evaluation system, the efforts to be evaluated are limited and no efforts other than those specified areassessed. The simplified calculation based on the evaluation results obtained for other items does notnecessarily guarantee high precision. However, since even rough amounts of CO 2 emissions from houses ortheir emission reduction effects are little known to housing suppliers, not to mention general consumers, it isconsidered important to indicate some values even though they are approximate.
The emission coefficient of electricity used in life cycle CO2 from the "occupancy" stage can be changed fromthe default value (0.555 kg-CO2/kWh) (see Part III, Section 2.5, "Standard Calculation and Calculation according
to the Regional Power Company," for details). The dedicated software was developed and designed to show thecalculation results based on the changed coefficient on the global warming effect chart of the "Results" sheet.
However, the life cycle CO2 values used in BEEH are integrated with the results of the standard calculation using
the previously mentioned 17 scoring items, and it is not possible to use each individual value separately.

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Part II LR 3
H2

Consideration of the Global, Local, andSurrounding Environment

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Consideration of the Local Environment

2.1 Control of the burden on the local infrastructure■ Assessment Item
Evaluate measures taken to control the burden on the local infrastructure at the time of occupancy.

■ Assessment Level
Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Criterion(No corresponding level)
None of Efforts to be evaluated No. 1 through 6 have been implemented.
One of Efforts to be evaluated No. 1 through 6 has been implemented.
Two or three of Efforts to be evaluated No. 1 through 6 have been implemented.
Four or more of Efforts to be evaluated No. 1 through 6 have been implemented.

Efforts to be evaluatedClassification No.

EffortMore than half of the external area is covered by planted areas (including ponds),
permeable paving, or other water-permeable surface finishes in order to allow rainwater
Control of1
to permeate into the external area ground.
rainwater and
An arrangement to allow rainwater to infiltrate into the ground, such as a soakaway or
wastewater2
leaching trench, is installed to allow infiltration of rainwater that has fallen on the roof.
loads
A rainwater storage and utilization system is installed.
3
Refuse treatment equipment is installed to reduce the amount of food scraps
Control of
4
generated.
domestic
A space for storing refuse by type is set aside inside the building or in the external area.
5
refuse load
Efforts other than those mentioned above have been implemented to reduce the load
6
Otherson the local infrastructure, such as the installation of a sewage treatment facility.
Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:
*None

2

■ Description
1) Controlling the load of rainwater drainage
Infiltration of rainfall into the ground is an important measure to maintain the natural water circulation of thelocal region. Efforts evaluated include securing the external area, comprising the planted area or bareground, so that it allows rainfall infiltration, and creating other systematic ways to allow rainfall to infiltrateusing seepage pits and/or infiltration trenches.
In cases in which more systematic processes for rainwater drainage are necessary for reasons such as ahigh groundwater level (or cases in which it is judged that rainfall should not be allowed to infiltrate), rainwater
conservation and/or use facilities are the only measure evaluated.
2) Controlling the load of domestic refuse
The subject of evaluation here is whether or not there are measures to control the amount of waste
disposed of in daily life. With regard to raw garbage, the setting up of garbage processing facilities that
reduce the amount of raw garbage is evaluated.
Raw garbage processing facilities:
Raw garbage processing facilities comprise composters (facilities that turn garbage into compost), raw
garbage processing equipment, and disposers (limited to those equipped with a processing cistern and that
do not discharge the residual matter into the sewers). However, when setting a composter outdoors,
attention should be paid to the prevention of odors, insects, and rodents.

140

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating CriteriaWith regard to recyclable waste, the availability of space and facilities that allow for five or more different
types of waste to be separated and stored is evaluated.
3) Others
Efforts other than those mentioned above to reduce the burden on the local infrastructure, such as sewage
disposal facilities that reduce the regional sewage treatment load, are evaluated.
However, the scale and performance of sewage disposal facilities based on regulations and instructions ina locality undergoing sewage system improvement are not evaluated. Facilities with a purification
performance significantly greater than that specified in the relevant guidelines are evaluated.

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Consideration of the Global, Local, andSurrounding Environment

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

2.2 Preservation of the existing natural environment■ Assessment Item
Evaluate measures taken to preserve the existing natural environment and natural resources such as thelandscape, surface soil, trees and greenery, and use of local species.
■ Assessment Level
Criterion

Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

No consideration has been given to preservation of the existing natural environment or natural
resources.
(No corresponding level)
Ordinary consideration has been partly given to or ordinary actions have been partly taken forpreservation of the existing natural environment or natural resources (one point or more).
Ordinary consideration has been given to or ordinary actions have been taken for preservation of
the existing natural environment or natural resources (two points or more).
Almost no changes have been made to the existing natural environment and efforts have been
actively implemented to preserve it (four points or more).

Efforts to be evaluated
No.
1

2

2

3

4

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:
*None

142

Effort<Preservation of the topographical features>
The original topography is maintained without any change.
<Preservation of the surface soil>
The original topsoil is mostly maintained (including cases where the original
topsoil was unsuitable for planting and was therefore covered with good soil).
<Preservation of existing trees (medium-height and tall trees)>[1] The originally growing medium-height and tall trees (2 m or more) aremaintained.
<Preservation of existing trees (shrubs)>[2] The originally growing shrubs (less than 2 m) are maintained.
<Use of local species (tall trees)>
More than half of newly planted tall trees are local (or indigenous) species.
<Use of local species (medium-height trees and shrubs)>
More than half of newly planted shrubs are local (or indigenous) species.

Points+1+0.5(per tree)+1(per tree (plant))
+0.5
+1
+0.5

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria■ Description
In this section, efforts to preserve the existing natural environment and natural resources as much as possible
are evaluated. The following efforts are evaluated:
1) Preservation of the topographical features
Even in the case of detached houses, it is not uncommon for large-scale land preparation work to be
carried out when the site is located on sloping land. As the topographical features of the land form the basis
for the local environment and local scenery, consideration should be given to avoid significant alteration of
the existing topography. When acquiring vacant land and drawing up plans, it is desirable to investigate andconfirm the state of preservation of the topographical features and surface soil of the site.
*Cases in which the topographical features are regarded as being preserved● The previous topographical features have mostly been preserved after construction.
● Excavation underneath the building for unavoidable reasons during foundation work, etc. is acceptable.
● The alteration of small parts that face the road to create a driveway is acceptable.
*Cases in which the topographical features are not regarded as being preserved● Construction is planned on acquired land that has been developed through large-scale land
preparation work.
2) Preservation of the surface soil
Consideration should be given to the surface soil, which is the basis for the ecosystem as well as a
crucial component of the natural environment, during the land preparation work and construction of thehouse. When acquiring vacant land and drawing up plans, it is desirable to confirm the state of preservationof the topographical features and surface soil of the site.
*Cases in which the surface soil is regarded as being preserved● The previous surface soil remains after construction (including cases in which surface soil is
temporarily removed during land preparation work but returned as the surface layer of the site).
● Excavation and removal of surface soil in the area underneath the building for unavoidable reasons
during the construction of foundations, etc. is acceptable. (It is desirable to use this soil on the site asmuch as possible.)● Excavation and removal of the surrounding surface soil when creating a retaining wall is acceptable. (Itis desirable to use this soil on the site as much as possible.)● When the existing surface soil is not of good quality, such as soil that inhibits plant growth, active
improvement of the soil quality is regarded as "preserving" the soil.
*Cases in which the surface soil is not regarded as being preserved● Construction is planned on acquired land that has been developed through large-scale land
preparation work. (Cases in which land preparation work has been undertaken by a developer topreserve the surface soil are excluded.)143

Part II LR 3
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Consideration of the Global, Local, andSurrounding Environment

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

3) Preservation of existing trees
Existing trees on the site may have grown over a long time, and are an integral part of the longstanding
local environment and regional scenery. Consideration should be given to preserving and taking over thecare of these existing trees.
*Example of preservation of trees (Quercus myrsinaefolia, Zelkova serrata, etc.) at time of house renovation

Photo and drawing courtesy of Iwamura Atelier4) Use of local species (or indigenous species or local strains)
The use of tree species that are suited to the climate and natural features of the region in which the site is
located allows the trees to fit into the local ecosystem, and can be regarded as stable greening that inherits
the natural scenery of the region. Consideration should be given not only to the species of the trees, but tothe sources of supply of trees and plants.
Trees and plants planted in the garden are generally selected by the owner of the property. It has been
pointed out that some species from abroad and domestic plants transported long distances affect the local
ecosystem. Therefore, when selecting trees and plants to be planted, consideration should be given to theuse of local and indigenous species in order to preserve the region's ecological environment.
In a case in which the trees already planted on the site are preserved, the trees may be regarded as local
species.

2*Local species, indigenous species, and local strains
The terms "local species" and "local plants" refer to plants that grow naturally in the region. However,there is no strict definition, and these terms have been used with various meanings such as "indigenous
species," "domestic indigenous species," and "local strains," described below.
The term "indigenous species" refers to species and subspecies as well as categories undersubspecies that grow within a regional range where they are naturally found.
"Local strains" are part of a lineage that shares a common genetic pool of indigenous species in theregion. This refers to a group that shares a genotype in addition to having similar or identical phenotypes
and ecological niches, such as their forms and physiological characteristics.
(Source: "Recommendations on Handling of Greening Plants for Preservation of Biodiversity," TheJapanese Society of Revegetation Technology)*Methods of determining local species
Local species can be determined by inquiring at the park- and greenery-related departments of thelocal municipal offices, asking gardeners, or checking publications such as local journals.

144

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria*Sources of seedlings
When it is difficult to obtain locally produced seedlings, they should desirably be obtained from theregion in which the site is located by referring to the "Demarcation of National Land for Preservation of
Biodiversity (draft)" shown below.
"Demarcation of National Land for Preservation of Biodiversity (draft)"
Ministry of the Environment
The “Demarcation of National
Land for Preservation of
Biodiversity (draft)” is a generalgrouping of regions based on
their biota, which divides thecountry into 10 regions using
plant association as the mainindex, as well as boundaries ofthe distribution of biologicalorganisms, cumulative
temperatures, and annual
rainfall.

*Reference"Recommendations on Handling of Greening Plants for Preservation of Biodiversity," The JapaneseSociety of Revegetation Technology
URL: http://wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/jsrt/tech/teigen2002.html

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Part II LR 3
H3

Consideration of the Global, Local, andSurrounding Environment

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Consideration of the Surrounding Environment

3.1 Reduction of noise, vibration, exhaust, and exhaust heat
■ Assessment Item
Evaluate efforts to reduce the effects on neighboring houses of noise, vibration, exhaust, and exhaust heatfrom outdoor equipment and machinery.
■ Assessment Level
Level

Criterion

Level 1
Level 2

No particular consideration is given.
(No corresponding level)
Ordinary consideration is given to prevent sources of noise, vibration, exhaust, or exhaust heatfrom seriously affecting neighboring houses.
In addition to Level 3 compliance, some actions are taken with respect to some sources of noise,
vibration, exhaust, or exhaust heat.
In addition to Level 3 compliance, actions are taken with respect to all sources of noise, vibration,
exhaust, and exhaust heat.

Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Efforts to be evaluated
No.

1

2

2

EffortReduction of noise or vibration is considered by the installation of low-vibration or lowControl of noise noise type equipment, appropriate choice of installation locations, or provision of
screens to reduce noise transmission with respect to noise or vibration generated fromor vibration
air-conditioner outdoor units, the hot-water supply system, and other units placed orsourcesinstalled outdoors.
Measures are taken for the reduction of exhaust or exhaust heat, which may include theControl ofuse of members that adjust the installation location or exhaust discharge direction or theexhaust or
installation of screens so as to prevent exhaust or exhaust heat generated from fuelexhaust heatburning equipment or air-conditioner outdoor units from affecting neighboring houses.
sourcesAvailability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*A case that there is no outdoor machinery (including exhaust outlets) is evaluated as level 5.
Assessment not applicable:*None■ Description
In this evaluation, the effects on neighboring houses of noise and offensive odors arising in daily life areexcluded.
It is important that all of the items to be evaluated are set in locations that take the openings of major living
spaces into consideration when there are houses in the surrounding area.
1) As a rough indication, "Ordinary consideration" in Level 3 means that the noise level at the boundary of thesite from sources of noise and vibration is 45 dBA or lower. Regarding sources of exhaust and heatexhaust, consideration should be given so that no exhaust emissions or heat are discharged close to any
openings of neighboring buildings.
2) An evaluation of Level 4 is given when, in addition to satisfying the criterion of Level 3, proactive efforts
have been made for some types of equipment (Efforts to be evaluated No. 1 for sources of noise andvibration, and/or Efforts to be evaluated No. 2 for sources of exhaust and exhaust heat).
3) An evaluation of Level 5 is given when proactive efforts have been made for all equipment (Efforts to beevaluated No. 1 and 2).
4) Indicators of noise reduction methods in Efforts to be evaluated No. 1; i.e., provision of screens to reducenoise transmission, installation of low-vibration or low-noise type equipment, and appropriate choice ofinstallation locations:● The sound level at the boundary of the site is maintained at 40 dBA or lower.

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CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

Measures include the insertion of vibration-proof rubber to separate equipment and its base, andcomplete fixation of pipe arrangement supports to prevent sound resonance.
● Sound insulation walls.
5) Indicators of consideration for neighboring residences regarding exhaust and heat exhaust in Efforts to beevaluated No. 2:● Outlets are placed in locations that do not emit exhaust or exhaust heat toward or around openings orinlet vents of neighboring buildings.
● Outlets are placed in locations where exhaust and exhaust heat do not affect plants in the site itself as
well as in neighboring properties.
●(Reference) Minimum Distance Required to Reduce Source Noise Level to 45 dB or 40 dB
The following formula is used for attenuation of a point sound source in relation to distance:
L = L 0 - 20 × log ( r / r 0 ),where L (dB) is the noise level at the sound-receiving point (a point located r meters from the sound source)and L0 (dB) is the noise level of the noise-generating equipment (at a point located 1 m from the sound source).
Therefore, the distance required to attenuate noise to 40 dB is
R (m) = 10^{(L 0 (dB) - 40 (dB))/20}.
In the same way, the distance required to attenuate noise to 45 dB is
R (m) = 10^{( L 0 (dB) - 45 (dB))/20}.

Distance required to attenuate noise to 45 dB or 40 dB

Distance (m)Noise attenuated to 40 dB
Noise attenuated to 45 dB

Noise level of sound source (dB)
Attenuation of noise levels (reference values)
Noise level of equipment

45 dB

46 dB

47 dB

48 dB

49 dB

50 dB

65 dB

Distance required to attenuate noise to 40 dB
Distance required to attenuate noise to 45 dB

1.8 m
1.0 m

2.0 m
1.2 m

2.3 m
1.3 m

2.5 m
1.4 m

2.8 m
1.6 m

3.2 m
1.8 m

17.8 m
10.0 m*Note that when multiple units of machinery are installed, the sounds are combined, making the noise level greaterthan in the case of a single unit.
*In the actual place of residence, reverberation may prevent attenuation from having the same effect, depending on
the circumstances. It is therefore necessary to secure distances with some latitude.

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Part II LR 3
H

Consideration of the Global, Local, andSurrounding Environment

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

3.2 Improvement of the thermal environment of the surrounding area
■ Assessment Item
Evaluate efforts to reduce the thermal effect on the surrounding environment.

■ Assessment Level
Level
Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

Criterion(No corresponding level)(No corresponding level)
No special effort madeOne of Efforts to be evaluated No. 1 through 4 have been implemented.
Two or more of Efforts to be evaluated No. 1 through 4 have been implemented.

Efforts to be evaluated
No.

1

2

2

3

4

Some measures havebeen taken to reduce
the thermal impact on
the surrounding area so
as to ensure smoothventilation in theneighborhood.
The thermal impact on
the surrounding area isreduced by maintaining
a green area (including
water surfaces) at thesite (either [1] or [2] hasbeen implemented).
The thermal impact on
the surrounding area isreduced by choosing theappropriate surface
cover (either [1] or [2]Effort[1] The building is set back in response to the prevailing wind direction insummer.
Ratio of setback from the site boundary to the building height: 30% or more

[1] Efforts have been made to create as much shade from the sun as possibleat the site by arranging medium-height/tall trees, piloti, eaves, or pergolas.
Lateral projecting area: 20% or more
[2] Rise of temperature on or near the ground surface is mitigated by arranging
lawns, grass, shrubs, or ponds.
Green coverage ratio: 10% or more

[1] The area of the ground covered by asphalt or concrete is reduced.
Ground paved area ratio: less than 20%[2] Covering materials with good water retainability, water permeability, or
sunlight reflectivity are used for the ground surface.
Ratio of area covered by water-retaining and water-permeable pavement:
10% or more
has been implemented).
[]
1
Rooftop:
Rooftop greening area, etc. ratio: 20% or more
The thermal impact on
Or roofing materials with good sunlight reflectivity and longwave radiation
the surrounding area is
efficiency are selected: 20% or more
reduced by choosing the[2] Exterior wall surfaces: Ratio of green area to the total surface area of theappropriate exterior
exterior wall surfaces facing east, west, and south: 20% or morematerials (either [1] or [2]Or exterior wall materials with good sunlight reflectivity and longwave
has been implemented).
radiation efficiency: 20% or more

Availability of conditions for adding points:*None
Level change according to conditions:*None
Assessment not applicable:
*None

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CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria■ Description
Efforts that contribute to reduction of the thermal load outside the site are evaluated. The efforts that havebeen made are confirmed, and an assessment is conducted based on evaluation points.
1) Consideration is given to the area leeward of the site to reduce the thermal effect on the area outside the site.
[1] The setback of the house from the prevailing wind direction (most frequent wind direction) in summer isevaluated.

Ratio of setback of wall:(d1 + d2) / H × 100% ≧ 30%*d1, d2: Setback of walls directly facing
the prevailing wind direction insummer
H: Maximum height of the house

Setback of wall: d1

Setback of wall: d2

Prevailing summer wind
Height of house: H

Setback of wall: d1②

Measured distancedirection ①

Prevailing wind direction C in summer

Wind direction: If the wind direction is at an
oblique angle to the site or the building,
the representative wind direction isdetermined within the area shown in the
diagram (A, B, C, D).
Direction of measured distance: The
direction that runs directly against theprevailing wind direction:● ① when the prevailing wind direction is
A or B, or● ② when the prevailing wind direction is
C or D.

Measured distancedirection*Distance of wall used for evaluation
The wind direction and setback of thewall are set as shown in the diagram atright.

Prevailing wind direction B in summer

Prevailing wind direction D in summer*Methods of confirming the prevailing winddirection in summer:(a) Use data from an observation pointclose to the site.
● An Automated Meteorological Data
Acquisition System (AMEDAS) point● Fire station, etc.
(b) When (a) is not available, regional
meteorological data managed by themunicipality can be used.

Setback of wall: d2

Prevailing wind direction A in summer

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2) A green area (including water surfaces) is secured on the site to reduce the thermal effect of the site on thesurrounding area.
Efforts to secure shade to prevent heat accumulation from solar radiation on the building and the ground of
the site are evaluated.
[1] Evaluation by the ratio of the lateral projecting area created by medium-height/tall trees, piloti, eaves, orpergolas to the total area of the site:
Ratio of lateral projecting area = {W × (Lateral projecting area of medium-height/tall trees) + (Lateralprojecting area of piloti/eaves/pergolas)} / Total area of site × 100%
[2] Evaluation by the ratio of the green space to the total area of the site. The green coverage ratio includes
the area of water surfaces such as ponds, as well as the ground surface covered by lawns, grass, shrubs,etc:Green coverage ratio = (Green area + Water surface area) / Total area of site × 100%
3) Consideration is given to ground covering materials to reduce the thermal effect of the site on the surroundingarea.
Regarding the finish of the ground surface within the site, consideration should be given to the use offinishing materials that do not easily rise in temperature nor accumulate heat easily from sunlight during theday. In particular, when creating a parking space, consideration should be given to prevent the parking spacefrom becoming a heat-accumulating area.
[1] Evaluation by the area covered by paving within the site (ground paved area ratio):
Ground paved area ratio = Ground paved area / Total area of site × 100%
However, paved areas that obviously do not receive direct sunlight during the summer season can be
excluded from the paved area.

2[2] Evaluation by the ratio of the area covered by highly water-retaining and water-permeable pavement
materials or the area paved with materials having high solar reflectance (low solar radiation absorption) to
the total area of the site:
Ratio of area covered by water-retaining and water-permeable pavement, etc. =Water-retaining and water-permeable pavement area or high-solar-reflectance (low-solar-radiationabsorption) pavement area / Total area of site × 100%
4) Consideration is given to the roof materials and exterior surface materials of the house to reduce the thermal
effect of the site on the surrounding area.
[1] Evaluation by the ratio of the area of greenery on the roof, or the area of roof materials having good
sunlight reflectivity and longwave radiation efficiency, to the total roof area:
Rooftop greening area, etc. ratio = Total of green area of roof or area of roof materials having good
sunlight reflectivity and longwave radiation efficiency / Total roof area × 100%
[2] Evaluation by the ratio of the green area of the exterior wall surfaces, or the area of exterior wall surface
materials having good sunlight reflectivity and longwave radiation efficiency, to the total exterior wall
surface area:
Exterior wall surface greening area, etc. ratio = Total of green area of exterior wall surfaces or area of
exterior wall surface materials having good sunlight reflectivity and longwave radiation efficiency / Total
exterior wall surface area × 100%

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CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria(Reference 1) Method of Grasping Wind Conditions around Planned Site
The ideal method would be to take actual measurements at the planned site, but in reality, on-site surveying islimited to cases such as environmental assessments for large-scale development projects. Therefore,
meteorological data for the vicinity obtained from information sources such as those listed below are checked asmuch as possible instead. These information sources can provide details not only of wind direction but also
various other meteorological data.
① "Most frequent wind directions by month" in statistical data and geographical data provided by prefecturesand municipalities● Directories and topography of prefectures and municipalities● Prefectural white papers on the environment and prefectural programs regarding the environment● Environment-related (environmental pollution) departments of prefectures and municipalities (Atmosphericobservation data for environmental pollution measures may be available.)*Even when not listed in easily accessible statistical data catalogues, data may be available throughinquiries at environment-related departments.
② Science Chronology (compiled by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan): Data on most frequentwind directions by month for 80 major meteorological stations③ Japan Meteorological Agency website (http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/index.html)
Top page:
Click on "Meteorological statistics information" and "Search for pastmeteorological data."
Search for past meteorological data:
Click on "Selection of prefectures and subprefectural offices" under "Selection ofdata by location."
Selection of prefectures and subprefectural offices:
Click on the prefecture in the map.
Selection of location:
Click on your target location in the map.
Search for past meteorological data-target location:
Click on your target data from "Selection of data" and "Selection of data type."*Many observation points do not have monthly data on the most frequent wind directions.
*Keep in mind that data are for the selected year.
*On the chart, "Wind direction" on the right-hand side of "Maximum wind velocity" indicates the directionof the wind that recorded the maximum wind velocity (the same applies to "Wind direction" on the righthand side of "Maximum instantaneous wind velocity"), and is not equivalent to the most frequent winddirection.
*Graphical display is also possible in addition to display in chart form.
Supplementary information: Observation data by hour for a specific day can be obtained by selecting "Values
for every hour (of designated day)." Since hourly data are obtained for the wind direction and wind velocity
as well, hourly data for several days can be checked to confirm the changes in wind direction and windvelocity within any given day of a season.
④ District Meteorological Observatory websites (One of the bases for ÖB Japan Meteorological Agency data)● Sapporo District Meteorological Observatory (http://www.sapporo-jma.go.jp/)● Sendai District Meteorological Observatory (http://www.sendai-jma.go.jp/)● Tokyo District Meteorological Observatory (http://www.tokyo-jma.go.jp/)● Osaka District Meteorological Observatory (http://www.osaka-jma.go.jp/)● Fukuoka District Meteorological Observatory (http://www.fukuoka-jma.go.jp/)● Okinawa District Meteorological Observatory (http://www.okinawa-jma.go.jp/)
Example) Tokyo District Meteorological Observatory (Monthly rates of appearance of wind directions forobservation stations in the district)
Top page:
Click on "Past meteorological data-rates of appearance of wind directions over
12 months."
Wind rose of district:
Select and click on a spot near the planned site.
(Selected spot) Wind rose: Wind rose by month
Example) Tokyo District Meteorological Observatory (rates of appearance of wind directions in Tokyo for the
past 5 years)
Top page:
Click on "Data in Tokyo-rates of appearance of wind directions."
Rates of appearance of wind directions in Tokyo by month:
Select and click on a spot near the planned site.
(Selected spot) Wind rose: Wind rose by month for the past 5 years.
Example) Sendai District Meteorological ObservatoryÅiMonthly rates of appearance of wind directions forobservation stations in the districtÅj

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Top page:
Click on "Regularly updated information-statistical data, seasonal phenomena."
Regularly updated information:
Click on "Normal values of meteorological statistical data (in Sendai District)."
Observed data monthly and yearly normal values:
Select and click on a spot near the location of the planned site.
(Selected spot) Surface weather observations; monthly and yearly normal values:
Most frequent wind direction.
Example) Osaka District Meteorological ObservatoryÅiMonthly rates of appearance of wind directions forobservation stations in Osaka PrefectureÅj
Top page:
Click on "Weather data-weather in Osaka Prefecture."
Weather in Osaka:
Click on "Wind in Osaka Prefecture" and select season or month.
Wind in Osaka:Wind rose by month or season: Wind rose of various regions of Osaka by monthor season.
Another way to check wind direction from a monthly or yearly report is to go to the websites of regional
meteorological stations within a district, which can be accessed from the pages of the District MeteorologicalObservatory.
⑤ Fire station near the planned site
Some fire stations conduct weather observations and have observation data. In most cases, the data are
not statistically processed, but some stations may send data by fax on request.
⑥ Environmental assessment data related to a large-scale development project in a nearby area
If the planned site is inside a large-scale housing development area or close to a large-scale developmentarea, related environmental assessment data can be referred to.
(Reference 2) Water-Retaining and Water-Permeable Pavement
Water-retaining pavement refers to tiles, blocks, or bricks produced by burning coal ash or slag. These paving
materials are capable of mitigating heat dispersion by retaining water, derived mainly from rainfall or watering, intheir internal cavities, allowing it to evaporate into the atmosphere over a period of a few days and converting
sensible heat emitted from the paving by the heat of evaporation into latent heat. Materials having this property
are also being developed for use in buildings in addition to paving.
Water-permeable pavement is material that has a cross-sectional structure with continuous airspaces inside,
allowing rainwater to permeate in the same manner as the natural ground does. This helps to recover the water
circulation capability of ground that has been lost by the presence of buildings or ordinary asphalt paving, andcan reduce the temperature of the paving surface as if water had been sprinkled over it by allowing water in the
ground to evaporate on sunny days, thus removing the heat of evaporation. To ensure water permeability, notonly the surface finish material but also the bottom layer needs to be permeable.
"Vegetation paving" formed by such methods as the planting of lawns is also evaluated as a permeable
system.

2

The following websites provide relevant information (as of September 2007):"Measures by Tokyo Metropolis against Heat Islands"(Website of the Bureau of the Environment, Tokyo Metropolitan Government: http://www2.kankyo.metro.tokyo.jp/heat/)"Guidelines for Designing the Environment of Buildings-Toward Environmentally Friendly Architecture"(Housing Development Division, Osaka Prefecture http://www.pref.osaka.jp/koken/keikaku/kankyo/index.html)
Table: Examples of performance of water-retentive and water-permeable paving materials
Material

Use

Ceramic Balcony
tile
VerandaRooftop
GaragePlaza
Sidewalk
Ceramic Parking

152

Specific
gravity
1.6
1.6

Water
absorption (%)
12-16
12-15

Water retentiveness(liters/m2)
6.0-12.9
6.0-10.5

Water-permeability
function

Remarks

-

-

2.0

○

In conjunction
with theplastic frame

1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6-1.9

12-16
12-18
15
13
12-16

6.0-12.9
10.0-18.5
12.0
14.8-19.8
6.0-12.9○

CASBEE for Home (Detached House) Rating Criteria

block

Floor ofgreenhouse
Plaza
Sidewalk
Street1.9

12-15

10.0-12.0

1.6
1.6-1.9
1.9

12-16
12-18
17.5

6.0-12.9
10.0-18.5
22.2-29.6

Recycled
waste glass* Water absorption (%) = Amount of water absorption / Absolute dry weight = [Water retentiveness (liters/m2) /(Thickness (m) x Specific gravity x 1000)] x 100(Reference 3) Coating Materials and Building Materials with Good Sunlight Reflectivity and Longwave Radiation
Efficiency
One of the major factors causing the heat island phenomenon is buildings and paving surfaces receiving heatfrom sunshine, thereby raising the temperature of the building frames and paving surfaces, with this heat either
being discharged into the atmosphere in the daytime or accumulated inside and emitted in large amounts atnight. As a solution, the use of coating materials and building materials with good sunlight reflectivity andlongwave radiation efficiency is being promoted to prevent the exterior walls of buildings and paving surfaces
from accumulating the heat of the sun.
Building materials with good sunlight reflectivity are those that efficiently reflect radiation in the near-infrared
region in sunlight, thereby reducing the accumulation of heat in the materials of the building exterior or theexternal area in the daytime. Special pigments of the color materials contained in highly reflective paints reflect alarge portion of the sunlight, preventing the increase of temperature on roof surfaces and the transmission ofheat to building frames and interior spaces. Sunlight reflectivity varies depending on the paint color, and the levelof effectiveness may also differ.
Building materials with good longwave radiation efficiency are those that emit a large amount of heat whenheat is discharged into the atmosphere from roof surfaces where the temperature has been increased bysunlight. Highly emissive building materials discharge a large amount of heat into the atmosphere from theroofing materials and can therefore rapidly reduce the temperature of the roofing materials.
The following websites provide relevant information (as of September 2007):"Measures by Tokyo Metropolis against Heat Islands"(Website of the Bureau of the Environment, Tokyo Metropolitan Government: http://www2.kankyo.metro.tokyo.jp/heat/)
Guidelines for Designing the Environment of Buildings-Toward Environmentally Friendly Architecture(Housing Development Division, Osaka Prefecture http://www.pref.osaka.jp/koken/keikaku/kankyo/index.html)(Website of Committee to Promote Cool Roofs: http://www.coolroof.jp/)
Table Solar reflectance and longwave emissivity of roof and exterior wall materials
Material and finish
Nonmetalmaterials

MetalsCoating
materials

Black asphalt, slate, paint, etc.
Red-colored brick, tile, concrete, stone, etc.
Yellow-colored brick, tile, concrete, stone, etc.
White-colored brick, tile, concrete, stone, etc.
Galvanized sheet, polished iron sheet, matte brass,copper, aluminum, etc.
Polished brass, copper, etc.
Highly polished aluminum, tin plate, etc.
White paintAluminum pigment
Black ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)

Sunlight reflectivity（ρ）
0.02〜0.15
0.2〜0.35
0.3〜0.5
0.5〜0.8

Longwave radiation
efficiency（ε）
0.90〜0.98
0.85〜0.95
0.85〜0.95
0.85〜0.95

0.35〜0.6

0.20〜0.30

0.5〜0.7
0.6〜0.9
0.8
0.4
0.06

0.02〜0.05
0.02〜0.04
0.6
0.5
0.86

(References)
1) Jun Tanimoto, Aya Hagishima, et al: Development of enhanced water-retaining passive cooling bricks. Architectural Instituteof Japan (AIJ) Journal of Architecture and Building Science, No. 11, 2000.
2) Harunobu Ashinaga et al: Development of methods for urban area heat environment planning using water-retentive building
materials. The Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan, Lecture Collection, 1996.
3) Yukio Ishikawa: Research on water evaporation cooling effect of cool roofs utilizing heat-sensitive hydrogel–Heat
performance measurement survey of cool roofs. Japan Solar Energy Society and Japan Wind Energy Association
Collaborative Research Presentation Manuscript Collection, 2004.
4) Kazuhiro Komoto: Survey on the moderating effect of high-reflectance coating materials/water-retentive building materials on
the heat island phenomenon. Tokyo Municipality Heat Island Symposium material, July 2004.
5) ASHRAE Guide and Data Book Equipment 1969. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers.
6) Pacific Gas and Electric Company: High Albedo Roofs (Codes and Standards Enhancement Study), 2000.

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Reference Documents

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

1

Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

1.1 Measures for Promotion of Sustainability
The development and diffusion of specific technological as well as political means to promote sustainability isurgently required in the construction field, which consumes and disposes of large amounts of resources andenergy. Measures to promote sustainable buildings may include education on environmental architecture,provision of relevant information, and restrictions by laws and regulations, but the most effective means is
considered to be the introduction of a market mechanism based on an evaluation system. In fact, amid the
spreading movement toward the promotion of sustainable building since the latter half of the 1980s, BREEAM(the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method*1), LEEDTM (Leadership in Energy andEnvironment Design*2), the GB Tool (Green Building Tool*3), and many other techniques for assessing theenvironmental performance of buildings have been attracting global attention. The implementation of suchassessment and disclosure of its results are now regarded as one of the most promising incentives for theordering parties, owners, architects, and users of buildings to promote the development and diffusion of highlysustainable construction practices.
CASBEE was developed based on the following basic policies:(1) The focus of assessment should be on excellence of environmental design and enhancement of incentives
for architects.
(2) The assessment system should be as simple as possible.
(3) The assessment system should be applicable to buildings in a wide range of applications.
(4) The system should take into consideration issues and problems peculiar to Japan and Asia.

1.2 Overview of CASBEE and Positioning of CASBEE for Home (DetachedHouse)CASBEE has four basic tools corresponding to the life cycle of buildings and extended tools to meet specificpurposes, all of which are collectively called the "CASBEE Family." The four basic tools are "Pre-design," "NewConstruction," "Existing Building," and "Renovation," each of which is applied depending on the stage andpurpose of evaluation. The extended tools include CASBEE for HI (Heat Island), which assesses efforts tomitigate the heat island phenomenon; CASBEE for Urban Development, to assess urban areas andcommunities; CASBEE for Temporary Construction, to assess temporary buildings such as world exposition
pavilions; and the newly developed CASBEE for Home (Detached House), which corresponds to one of the fourbasic tools, namely, CASBEE for New Construction.
For residential buildings, the already published CASBEE editions for New Construction, Existing Building, andRenovation can be used to assess medium- and high-rise apartment buildings but are not applicable to low-riseapartment buildings and detached houses. The newly developed tool is for detached houses (dedicateddwellings). We are planning to develop versions for houses for other purposes, and intend to integrate theversions for these houses and establish a single edition, "CASBEE for Home," in the future.

*1 Building Research Establishment Ltd. (1990)*2 U.S. Green Building Council (1997)*3 Green Building Challenge, Natural Resources Canada (1998)

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Table 3.1 Four basic tools of CASBEE
Basic toolPre-design

Pre-design

DesignConstruction

Post-design
Operation

Renovation

Pre-design
assessment
Assessment of newly constructedbuildings
Subject of CASBEE for Home
(Detached House)

New
Construction

Assessment ofexistingbuildings

Existing Building

Assessment ofrenovation

Renovation

Table 3.2 List of CASBEE applications
Application category

Use
Offices, etc.

Specific applications

Offices, government buildings, libraries,
Nonresidential use
museums, post offices, etc.
Schools
Elementary schools, junior high schools,
high schools, universities, specialized
vocational high schools, higher vocational
schools, schools in miscellaneous
categories
Retailers
Department stores, supermarkets, etc.
Eating andRestaurants and other eating
drinking establish- establishments, coffee shops, etc.
Completedments
Meeting places
Public halls, meeting halls, bowling arenas,
gymnasiums, theaters, movie theaters,
pachinko (pinball) parlors, etc.
Factories, etc.
Factories, garages, warehouses,
auditoriums, wholesale markets, etc.
Healthfacilities
Hospitals, homes for the aged, welfare
Residential use
facilities for the handicapped, etc.
HotelsHotels, Japanese-style inns, etc.
Planned to be Collective housing Collective housing (medium- and high-rise)Collective housing Collective housing (low-rise)
Future plan
integrated
Detached
housesDetached
houses(forresidence)
Newly publishedinto
Future plan
"CASBEE for Detached houses Detached houses (dual-purpose houses,
tenement houses)
Home"

3

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Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

1.3 Background of CASBEE Development(1) Historical view of environmental efficiency assessment
1) Environmental efficiency assessment Stage 1
The oldest form of environmental efficiency assessment of buildings introduced in Japan was mainly intended
to evaluate the indoor environmental performance of a building; in other words, it was basically a system aimed
at improving living amenities or benefits for building users. This type of assessment may be recognized as thefirst stage of environmental efficiency assessment of buildings. This stage generally considered the local or
global environment as an open system and did not place much attention on the environmental load imposed on
the external world. The principle on which this early stage of environmental assessment was based wastherefore rather simplistic.
2) Environmental efficiency assessment Stage 2
With the dawn of the 1960s, the general public in urban areas of Japan including Tokyo developed a growinginterest in air pollution, building wind (street-level wind caused by high-rise buildings), and other environmental
phenomena, and the response to these problems was transformed into and became established in society as asystem of environmental impact assessment. The new version of environmental assessment incorporated theviewpoint of environmental load for the first time. This marked the second stage of environmental efficiency
assessment of buildings. To be specific, second-stage systems evaluated only the negative impacts ("urban
pollution") that buildings had on their surroundings, such as building wind or obstructed sunlight asenvironmental impacts (that is, environmental loads). In other words, the subject of the first-stage assessment
was the environment as private property, while that of the second-stage assessment was the environment as
public (or non-private) property.
3) Environmental efficiency assessment Stage 3
Environmental efficiency assessment further evolved into the third stage when the global environment became
an issue from the 1990s. A number of specific techniques in this stage have been proposed based on large
volumes of research results, including BREEAM, LEEDTM, and the GB Tool. These techniques are being rapidly
disseminated in society, mainly in advanced countries, and are being applied as techniques for environmentallyfriendly design or environmental labeling (rating) in various countries.
The major focuses of assessment in this stage are negative aspects of the act of construction. In other words,
the aspect of environmental impacts or loads that a building has on the environment during its life cycle, or life
cycle assessment (LCA), is newly taken into consideration. On the other hand, the third-stage assessment also
includes the conventional type of environmental efficiency of buildings as the first-stage assessment did. Whatneeds attention here is that none of the above assessment tools intentionally distinguish the basic differences
between the two characteristically different subjects of assessment. To be specific, one can find in theseassessment systems conceptually different assessment items side by side with no clear definition of the ranges(boundaries) of the subjects of assessment. Seen in this light, the principle of assessment systems in the third
stage expands the variety of assessment subjects compared with the first- and second-stage systems, but has adrawback in that there is increased ambiguity of the basic framework of environmental efficiency assessment.
4) Environmental efficiency assessment Stage 4: Comprehensive assessment of environmental efficiency ofbuildings based on a new concept
Under the above circumstances, CASBEE has been developed based on the understanding that it isnecessary to restructure the framework of the existing environmental efficiency assessment into a simpler andclearer system from the viewpoint of sustainability. The development of the third stage of environmental
efficiency assessment was initiated out of the recognition that, in the first place, the environmental capacity of
our region or our planet has reached its limits. It therefore became apparent that the concept of a closed systemthat can determine environmental capacity for assessment of the environmental efficiency of buildings must be
proposed in the system of the new stage. Thus, CASBEE proposed a virtual closed space divided by theboundary of the building site or the maximum height, shown in Fig. 3.1, as a closed system for the environmental
evaluation of buildings. The space in the compound demarcated by the virtual boundary can be controlled by theowner, architect, and other stakeholders involved, while the space outside is public (non-private) and for themost part cannot be controlled.
The environmental load is an environmental factor defined under the above concept as "a negative aspect of
the environmental impact a building has on the virtual closed space as well as on the outside space (public
environment) beyond that closed space." Improvement of quality or functionality inside the virtual closed space isdefined as "improvement of the living amenities for building users." The environmental efficiency assessment
system in the fourth stage focuses on both of these aspects and defines and assesses them differently. This

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then clearly explains the principle of assessment. The new concept described here is the basis of the frameworkof CASBEE.
Virtualboundary
Virtual closed spaceSiteboundary

Fig. 3.1 Virtual closed space demarcated by the site boundary(2) Shifting from eco-efficiency to building environmental efficiency (BEE)CASBEE introduced the concept of "eco-efficiency" to make a comprehensive evaluation of the two factors;
namely, inside and outside the building site. Eco-efficiency*4 is generally defined as the value of a product orservice per unit environmental load. As "efficiency" is often defined in terms of the relationship between input
and output, we can broaden the definition of eco-efficiency and propose a new version of the definition:"(Productive output) divided by (Input plus Nonproductive output)." As indicated in Fig. 3.2, we created a newterm, "building environmental efficiency (BEE)," out of this new model of environmental efficiency and used it as
the assessment indicator for CASBEE.

Original definition of environmental
efficiency

3
Modeled definition for building
environmental efficiency

Economic value of products and services
Unit environmental load

Productive output
Input + Nonproductive output

Building Environmental Quality
Definition of BEE in CASBEE
Building Environmental Load

Fig. 3.2 Development of BEE from the concept of eco-efficiency*4 World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD)

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Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

1.4 Mechanism of Assessment by CASBEE for Home (Detached House)(1) Two fields of assessment: QH and LH
In CASBEE for Home (Detached House), as mentioned earlier, space is demarcated by the "virtual boundary"defined by the site boundary, etc., and divided into two spaces: the inside and outside of the virtual boundary.
This virtual boundary is referred to as the "demarcation for assessment of Q and L." CASBEE for Home
(Detached House) simultaneously takes into consideration two factors related to these two spaces, namely,"negative aspects of the environmental load affecting the outside (public environment) beyond the demarcation
for assessment of Q and L," and "improvement of living amenities for occupants inside the demarcation forassessment of Q and L," and proposes a mechanism for the comprehensive assessment of the environmental
efficiency of buildings. CASBEE for Home (Detached House) defines these two factors, referred to as the major
assessment categories QH and LH, as shown below, and evaluates each of them separately.
QH (Quality): Environmental quality of homes
In this category, a house is evaluated in terms of "improvement of living amenities for occupants inside thedemarcation for assessment of Q and L."● LH (Load): Environmental load of homes
In this category, a house is evaluated in terms of "negative aspects of the environmental load affecting theoutside (public environment) beyond the demarcation for assessment of Q and L."●

Demarcation for assessment of Q and L

QH (environmental quality)

BEEH =

Virtual boundary

LH (environmental load)* Demarcation for assessment of QH and LH

Fig. 3.3 "Demarcation for assessment of Q and L" in CASBEE for Home (Detached House)(2) Assessment subjects of CASBEE for Home (Detached House)
Each of QH and LH in CASBEE for Home (Detached House) has three categories of evaluation. In each such
category, specific efforts made or measures taken in relation to the assessed house are evaluated.
Environmental quality (QH) is assessed in the following:
QH1
Comfortable, Healthy, and Safe Indoor Environment
QH2
Ensuring a Long Service Life
QH3
Creating a Richer Townscape and Ecosystem
Efforts or measures to mitigate the environmental load (LH), or for load reduction (LRH), are assessed in thefollowing:
LRH1 Conserving Energy and Water
LRH2 Using Resources Sparingly and Reducing Waste
LRH3 Consideration of the Global, Local, and Surrounding Environment
CASBEE for Home (Detached House) evaluates houses in these categories; houses that receive a highevaluation are those that are comfortable, healthy and safe (QH1), ensure a long service life (QH2), conserve
energy and water (LRH1), incorporate measures to reduce the environmental load so as to produce the smallest
amounts of waste when being constructed or demolished (LRH2), and contribute to the development of a good
local environment (QH3 and LRH3).

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Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)(3) Environmental labeling based on building environmental efficiency (BEEH)
As summarized in the previous section, building environmental efficiency based on the two assessment
categories QH and LH (BEEH) forms the primary concept of CASBEE. For the purpose of this evaluation system,
BEEH is an indicator derived by calculating QH (environmental quality of the home) as the numerator and LH(environmental load of the home) as the denominator:
Building environmental efficiency (BEEH) =QH (environmental quality of home)
LH (environmental load of home)

The use of BEEH allows more concise and clearer presentations of the results of building environmental
efficiency evaluations. When Q H is plotted on the vertical axis against L H on the horizontal axis, theBEEHevaluation result will be shown as the gradient of a straight line connected to the origin (0, 0). A sharper
gradient indicates higher QH and lower LH, denoting that the building is more sustainable. This technique realizes
a presentation of the building environmental efficiency assessment results in terms of ranking based on the area
divided by the slope of the line. In a graph, a building may be graded as Rank C (poor), Rank B-, Rank B+, Rank
A, or Rank S (excellent) as the BEEH score increases.

3

Fig. 3.4 Environmental labeling based on BEEH

162

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

1.5 Basic Concept of Range of Assessment by CASBEE for Home
(Detached House)
CASBEE for Home (Detached House) is a tool that focuses on the environmental efficiency of a detachedhouse and makes a comprehensive assessment of the house. Therefore, it is not intended to evaluate all of the
aspects of performance and quality related to a house. In particular, aesthetics and cost are ruled out asassessment subjects of CASBEE as they are considered to be within the scope of their respective evaluation
systems that have already been separately established.
Aesthetics:
Although a house needs to be aesthetically attractive in terms of its appearance and indoor space, "beauty"
itself is difficult to judge in an objective manner and is thus excluded from the scope of evaluation. "QH3.1
Consideration of the Townscape and Landscape" also presents a similar difficulty in evaluation; in this case,however, it has been decided that assessment can be made under the condition that only items that can beevaluated in a relatively objective manner are applicable.
Cost:
The cost of a house may increase with efforts to raise the CASBEE evaluation score (as various measures are
adopted), and cost is therefore an important issue. However, since it is understood that the evaluation of costeffectiveness is a matter of the individual's judgment, it is also excluded from the scope of CASBEE evaluation.
Individual lifestyle or preferences:
Detached houses are often designed to match the occupants' lifestyle or preferences and, when completed,can satisfy the occupants' requirements in this regard. However, this element is basically a matter of theindividual's subjective feelings and defies objective judgment, so in principle it is excluded from consideration by
CASBEE. Nevertheless, some items that are considered to have a significant impact on the building's
environmental performance and allow relatively clear-cut evaluation are included as subjects of evaluation.

1.6 Utilization of CASBEE for Home (Detached House)
CASBEE for Home (Detached House) is ideal for use in the following four applications:① As a tool to realize environmental design for new houses
Architects can make a comprehensive review of the environmental efficiency of houses that they aredesigning using CASBEE for Home (Detached House), setting goals for environmental efficiency andchecking the level of attainment, thereby ultimately realizing appropriate design for the environment.
② As a tool to communicate with house owners, architects, and builders
Another effective use of CASBEE for Home (Detached House) is as a communication tool that helps
owners, architects, and builders to thoroughly discuss architectural designs and techniques so as to enhance
housing environmental efficiency. CASBEE not only evaluates the specifications of houses but also covers
such elements as home electric appliances brought in by the occupants and the provision of information tothe occupants. It allows building owners and their architects to make appropriate evaluations of theenvironmental efficiency of their houses while visualizing how their houses will be used or how the occupants
will use the houses.
CASBEE may also be used by housing suppliers as a tool to form a consensus in the design stage or byarchitects as a tool to explain the principles and concepts of their designs to the contractors.
③ As an environmental labeling tool
When housing suppliers, local governments, or nonprofit organizations (NPOs) intend to sell or diffuse
detached houses with superior environmental efficiency, they will be able to use the performance ranking
results derived from CASBEE for Home (Detached House) to provide consumers with an easy-to-understandaccount of the houses' environmental performance.
④ Application to private financial institutions
Since CASBEE for Home (Detached House) assesses houses in terms of a wide range of efforts related toenvironmental factors, it can be used by financial institutions as a reference material that helps them judge
whether to provide house purchasers with loans or preferential interest rates. Moreover, as CASBEE also

163

Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)

assesses the life cycle CO 2 of houses and presents the results obtained, its use will contribute to theprevention of global warming by promoting the dissemination of environmentally friendly houses.

1.7 Compliance with ISO/TS 21931-1
Since 1997, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has been promoting international
standardization of sustainable construction and building. Technical Specification ISO/TS 21931-1, which
regulates the framework for building environmental efficiency evaluation, was issued in March 2006.
The effective period of this TS is set at two years after its issuance according to the ISO regulations. Although
the TS is a public document, it does not have binding power as an ISO standard version, and compliance with
the TS is voluntary by nature. The compliance of CASBEE with the TS will provide a number of benefits,
including enhanced reliability of CASBEE and acquisition of the basis for mutual certification with otherassessment systems in the world. This will be of great significance, particularly as regards the realization of athird-party certification system. Although a third-party certification system is a future task to be tackled, we havedecided to have CASBEE for Home (Detached House) comply with the said TS.
Reference: Outline of ISO/TS 21931-1
Official name: Sustainability in building construction-Framework for methods of assessment for environmental
performance of construction works; Part 1: Buildings
Effective period: Two years from March 1, 2006 (issuance of the first version)
Purpose: To provide the framework and basic rules for environmental performance evaluation of newly
constructed and existing buildings by considering various impacts that buildings have on theenvironment① Requirements of the Technical Standard and CASBEE for Home (Detached House)
Table 3.3 compares the requirements of the TS, the corresponding parts of CASBEE for Home (DetachedHouse), and the corresponding descriptions in other assessment manuals, etc. The contents shown in the"Corresponding descriptions in other assessment manuals, etc." column are those that are particularly
required for third-party certification (note that self-evaluated CASBEE assessment is not required to have any
correspondence as in this table).

3

Table 3.3 Requirements of ISO/TS 21931-1 and corresponding parts of CASBEE for Home (Detached House)
Documentation
requirements of ISO/TS
21931-1

Corresponding part in the CASBEE
Assessment Manual

Numbers in ( ) indicate thesection number in the TS.

“Introduction” and “Afterword”(1) Requirements
concerningorganization(2) Requirements
concerningassessment methods
Intended use of method 3. How to Use CASBEE for Home (DetachedHouse), Part I(5.2)
1.6 Utilization of CASBEE for Home
(Detached House), Part III
2.1 Basic Structure of Assessment, Part I
System boundary (5.3)
1.4 Mechanism of Assessment by CASBEE
for Home (Detached House), Part III
1.5 Points to Note about Publication ofStatement ofAssessment Results, Part I
assumptions (5.4)
3.3 Rules for Presentation of Assessment
Results, Part I
3.3 Rating Criteria, Part II
2.2 Assessment Items, Part I
Structured list of issues

164

Corresponding
part in the
CASBEE
Assessment
Software-

Corresponding
descriptions inother assessment
manuals, etc.

--

Main sheet
Scores sheet
Results sheet

Scores sheet

Description ofassumption
conditions by theassessorPart III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

for environmental
assessment (5.5)
Methods forquantification ofenvironmental
performance (5.6)
Sources of information(5.7)

Evaluation andinterpretation (5.8)

Reporting ofassessment results andreport format (5.9)

3. Rating Criteria, Part II
2.1 Basic Structure of Assessment, Part I
2.3 Point Allocation (Weighting) Policy, Part I
Part II Assessment Method of CASBEE for
Home (Detached House)
2. Life Cycle CO2, Part III
3.3 Rating Criteria (commentative part), Part
II
2. Life Cycle CO2, Part III
3. Reference Informati1on, Part III

2.2 Assessment Items, Part I
1. Basic Policy of Assessment, Part II
2. Assessment Method, Part II
1.4 Mechanism of Assessment by CASBEE
for Home (Detached House), Part III-

Weightings sheet
CO2 data sheet
Scores sheet
CO2 calculation
sheet
CO2 data sheet
Scores sheet
CO2 calculation
sheet
Considerations
sheet
-

All

Documents thatserve as a basis
for the assessedbuilding

Demonstration ofcompliance withthe specification② Required assessment items of the Technical Standard and CASBEE for Home (Detached House)
The TS includes such assessment items as environmental impact, environmental aspects, maintenance,
and indoor environment together with the life cycle aspects for each item. Of these items, those that aremandatory are shown in Table 3.4. If any of these items is not evaluated by a certain assessment system, theTS requires the system to show why the item has been excluded. Note that these mandatory items are notnecessarily required to be evaluated by quantitative indicators. In CASBEE, the following descriptions areadded to the Manual.
● Destruction of the ozone layer
Building materials including foamed insulation materials generally used for detached houses do not containchlorofluorocarbons, a source of ozone layer destruction. Therefore, CFCs are not an item of assessment.
● Soil and groundwater (environmental aspect b): Impacts on the local environment)
There is a small possibility that detached houses constructed in compliance with the applicable laws andregulations could contaminate the soil or groundwater. Compliance with the applicable code for constructionof detached houses is also a prerequisite of assessment by CASBEE.
● Odors
Odors from detached houses are not covered by law. Such odors are judged to have a minor impact, if any,on the surrounding environment from the perspective of environmental load and are therefore not an item ofassessment.

Table 3.4 Mandatory assessment items in ISO/TS 21931-1 and corresponding assessment items of CASBEE
for Home (Detached House)
Mandatory assessment items in TS
Environmental impacts- Climate changes- Ozone depletiona) Flow of life cycle energy and materials
1) Use of raw materials

Corresponding assessment Remarks
items in CASBEE
LRH3.1
Ozone layer
destruction is not an
item of assessment,
based on the recent
trends in distributionof thermal insulating
materials in themarket.
LRH2.1

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Part III

Environmental aspects

3166- Decrease of nonrenewable raw material resources- Use of nonrenewable raw material resources- Use of hazardous or toxic materials
2) Primary energy use- Reduction of nonrenewable primary energy- Use of nonrenewable primary energy3) Use of water
4) Use of land5) Categories:- Reuse, recycling, energy recovery- Generation of waste requiring final disposalb) Impacts on the local environment
1) Soil2) Groundwater
3) Noise4) Odor

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

LRH1

LRH1.3QH3LRH2.1, LRH2.3
LRH2.2
LRH3.3.1

Soil and groundwater
are not items ofassessment because
legal compliance is arequisite ofassessment. Odors
from detached houses
are not evaluatedbecause they are
judged to have aminor impact, if any,on the environment.

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

2Life Cycle CO2

2.1 What is Life Cycle CO2?
It is important to evaluate a house in terms of its whole service life, from construction to demolition ("lifecycle"), in order to assess the impact of the house on the global environment. Among the various impacts on the
global environment, global warming has become one of the most serious issues we face today. The generally
accepted technique to measure the contribution of a house to global warming is to calculate the total emissionsof CO2, a representative global warming gas, of the house. The total amount of CO2 emissions from a houseduring its service life is referred to as "life cycle CO2."
The life cycle of a house is divided into several stages, including construction, occupancy, renewal, demolition,and disposal. Each stage affects global warming, and such impacts should be calculated in total. For example,
during the construction stage, energy is expended in the production of building materials to be used at theconstruction site, transportation of these materials to the site, and use of construction machinery at the site.
During the occupancy stage, energy is consumed by air conditioning, hot-water supply, cooking, lighting, and theuse of various household electric appliances. When the house is renovated once in a decade or so, theproduction of newly added building materials or disposal of removed materials require the consumption ofenergy. When the house is finally demolished, the demolition work and disposal of demolished materials use
energy. All of these energies expended in the life cycle of the house are added together and converted to thetotal amount of CO2 emissions, which is the life cycle CO2*, so as to measure the impact of the house on global
warming.

Recycling
Acquisition of
resources

Construction
Production ofbuilding materials

Occupancy

Demolition

Final disposal

Fig. 3.5 CO2 emission stages in the life cycle of a house

In the life cycle CO2 of a house, the stage that has the largest impact within a short time is construction. The
majority of CO2 emissions during construction are from energy expended on the production of building materials.
Iron and concrete, for example, are produced with the expenditure of a huge amount of energy, far greater thanthe energy spent on transportation or construction. On the other hand, CO2 emissions during occupancy aremostly from daily use of electricity, gas, water supply, and sewerage. The annual total of such emissions isextremely small when compared with the CO2 emitted during construction. When viewed in terms of the life
cycle, however, the emissions during occupancy
are far larger than those during construction.
Take, for example, the data of a typical house witha service life of 30 years shown as reference data
Construction
for the calculation method in CASBEE for Home
(Detached House). The total CO 2 emissions
during occupancy account for 70% of the total life
Repair, renewal,
cycle CO 2 emissions (See Fig. 3.6). The ratio
and demolition
increases as the service life of the house
Occupancy
becomes longer. Therefore, reducing the life cycle
CO 2 of a house definitely requires control ofenergy consumption during occupancy.
If a house is provided with highly efficientFig. 3.6 Breakdown of the life cycle CO2 of a housethermal insulation in order to reduce the cooling

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Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)and heating energy consumption, its CO2 emissions during occupancy will be reduced. However, the CO 2
emissions during its construction will increase because of the additional energy used for production andtransportation of the insulation material. Accurate measurement of the contribution made by highly efficient
thermal insulation to the reduction of global warming requires attention to this trade-off relationship. In thissense, evaluation in terms of the life cycle is quite significant.
That being said, it is difficult to accurately measure the life cycle CO2 of a house. It is necessary to check theenergy consumed for the production of the large number and variety of parts, members, and materials used tobuild a house and for their transportation and construction work. It is also very difficult to determine in advance
how the occupants will live in the house or use each specific piece of equipment in the future, which isnecessary to calculate energy consumption during occupancy. Moreover, the building service life is at best
merely an estimation.
In addition, when energy consumption is converted to CO2 emissions, the "CO2 emission unit" is necessary asa coefficient. Several versions of this coefficient have been released so far, and it is necessary to select theappropriate one depending on the purpose of calculation. Not all materials have the appropriate basic unit, andalmost no such basic units intended for general users have been disclosed, particularly with regard to recycledmaterials or new energies.
As explained above, it is difficult to obtain accurate values, but it is possible to calculate the values for a house
if it is assumed that it is used in a normal manner and has a normal service life. Hence, the life cycle CO2 usedby CASBEE for Home (Detached House) can be understood as indicating the capability of an assessed house tocontrol the impact that it has on global warming, assuming a certain way of use.
* Most greenhouse gas emissions in the private household category consist of energy-generated CO2. It wastherefore decided to include energy-generated CO2 alone in the scope of evaluation.

2.2 Basic Policy for Life Cycle CO2 Evaluation in CASBEE for Home
(Detached House)
The work of evaluating the life cycle CO2 of a house generally requires a tremendous amount of time andlabor. Taking the construction stage, for example, it is necessary to consider all of the materials that constitute ahouse. To be specific, we need to investigate the types and quantities of energy resources used in theacquisition, transportation, and processing of resources that make up the building materials, and add up theresults obtained for each of these values multiplied by the CO2 emission unit (CO2 emission per unit energy
consumption) for each type of energy. Then we need to go to the construction stage, calculating the CO 2
emissions corresponding to the energy consumption and adding them to the above results. The same procedure
has to be repeated for all other stages to calculate the life cycle CO2 for that house.
Specialized or professional knowledge may be required when gathering all of these different types of
information or setting the assessment conditions. In addition, each house is different from any other in terms of
its constituent members, location, usage, and other factors, making it necessary to perform this life cycle CO2
evaluation for each house. It would be very difficult for many users of CASBEE for Home (Detached House) tocarry out such work in the design and construction stages.
As a solution, we have adopted the following approach for simplified evaluation:3① To minimize the workload on users of CASBEE for Home (Detached House) when carrying out theassessment work, an evaluation approach is employed that does not require information gathering or
condition setting specifically for the determination of life cycle CO2 but can automatically calculate it fromthe results of other scoring items, particularly those related to CO2 emissions.
② Since the above approach limits the items of assessment to those that are both assessable and significant,it allows the presentation of life cycle CO2 for the primary purpose of informing users of the rough values ofCO2emissions and CO2 reduction effects, although this simplified technique does not evaluate all measuresor efforts related to life cycle CO2.
Some users well versed in life cycle CO2 evaluation may wish to perform evaluation based on their own
calculations. At the present time, however, there are no established techniques for evaluation of the life cycle
CO2 of houses, and if users' individual calculations were allowed, various results having different prerequisites
would become intertwined in the assessment of houses. This could cause a loss of reliability of not only the
resultant life cycle CO2 values but also of BEEH assessments using such results. Considering this, it has been
decided as a principle of CASBEE for Home (Detached House) to use a single assessment method only, and noother unique methods. Even so, some degree of freedom is permitted for calculation of CO2 emissions related to168

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

energy consumption in the occupancy stage (for details, see Section 2.5, "Standard Calculation and Calculationaccording to the Regional Power Company."

2.3 Assessment Method(1) Overview
CASBEE for Home (Detached House) includes the following items for assessment among those related to thelife cycle of a house:"Construction":
Production and transportation of members used in the stage of new
construction, and construction work itself"Repair, Renewal, and Demolition": Production and transportation of members used in the repair stage andtransportation of waste materials produced in the demolition stage todisposal facilities"Occupancy":
Energy and water consumption during occupancy
The life cycle CO2 of a house is the total of these three categories, and this is used in the evaluation of LRH3.1
and shown as a bar graph in the "global warming impact chart" together with a breakdown. Other stages notcontained here, such as extension, remodeling, demolition, and disposal of waste materials, are not evaluatedas they are highly individual in nature and cannot be covered by general condition setting. CO2 emitted from theoperation of related facilities such as member production factories or offices or emitted indirectly from thecommuting of workers is also excluded from the scope of assessment.
(2) CO2 emissions in the "Construction" and "Repair, Renewal, and Demolition" stages
As mentioned earlier, since it is difficult to calculate the emissions for each individual house, a general housewhose CO2 emissions have already been calculated (hereinafter referred to as the "standard model house") isused to calculate CO2 emissions. In other words, the CO2 emissions of a house for which various measures havebeen taken is evaluated as the emissions of the standard model house with the same measures taken.
To establish this assessment method, we first calculated the CO2 emissions of the standard model house in
the stages of "Construction" and "Repair, Renewal, and Demolition" (see Section 2.4, "Supplementary
Information on Assessment Method"; and Section 3.2, "Reference Materials for Assessment (Reference 4)," forinformation on the specifications and other details). Since CO2 emissions can vary greatly depending on the typeof construction, calculations were made for three major types of construction: wooden, steel-frame, andreinforced-concrete.* Prior to these calculations, we selected the following four scoring items related toCO2emissions during the "Construction" and "Repair, Renewal, and Demolition" stages from item QH2 and usedthem as the calculation conditions, as shown in Table 3.5.
* A wooden house is a house of conventional wooden construction; specifically, a house built using theframework method of construction. A steel-frame house is a house of rigid-frame construction using heavy
steel. A reinforced-concrete house is a house built using the box-frame-type construction method. The CO2
emissions for the relevant type of house are calculated. This calculation, however, may end up showing
different results if the house being assessed contains other types of construction, such as 2 x 4 construction
or light-gauge steel construction. We will consider the addition of data for these other construction methods
as required, but for the time being, the users are requested to decide on the most similar method (selected in"LRH2.1.1 Building frames") for the purpose of evaluation.
Table 3.5 Scoring items used to calculate CO2 emissions in the "Construction" and "Repair, Renewal, and
Demolition" stages
QH2 Ensuring a Long Service Life
1.1 Building frames
1.2 Exterior wall materials
1.3 Roof materials/flat roof
2.2 Maintenance system

Role in calculating CO2 emissions
Used to set the building service life
Used to set the replacement cycle of exterior wall materials
Used to set the replacement cycle of roof materials
Used to set the replacement cycle of exterior wall materials androof materials

Possible scoring items other than the above include effective efforts for CO2 reduction (such as the following),
but these are excluded from the scope of evaluation because it is difficult to set general conditions for them andthe data necessary for evaluation, such as the CO2 emission units, have not yet been established.
QH3 category:Promotion of greening and use of local wood products
LRH2 category: Promotion of 3Rs, efforts in the production and construction stages
LRH3 category: Reduction of infrastructure loads, efforts in the stage of land development

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Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)

The assessment results (score level) of the four scoring items and the calculation conditions for CO2 emissions
are correlated as shown in the tables below.
Table 3.6 Correspondence table for scoring results of "QH2.1.1 Building frames" and CO2 calculation conditions
Level

Criterion

CO2 calculation conditions

Level 1
Level 2

(No corresponding level)(No corresponding level)
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 1 in Section
3-1, "Deterioration Resistance Grades (Building Frames, etc.),"of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards.
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 2 in Section
3-1, "Deterioration Resistance Grades (Building Frames, etc.),"of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards.
The building satisfies the requirements of Grade 3 in Section
3-1, "Deterioration Resistance Grades (Building Frames, etc.),"of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards.

Service life of building frames andfoundation: 30 years

Level 3

Level 4

Level 5Service life of building frames andfoundation: 60 years
Service life of building frames andfoundation: 90 years

Table 3.7 Correspondence table for scoring results of "QH2.1.2 Exterior wall materials" and "QH2.1.3 Roofmaterials/flat roof" and CO2 calculation conditions
Level

Criterion

Level 1
Level 2
Level 3A service life of less than 12 years can be expected.
A service life of 12 years to less than 25 years can be expected.
A service life of 25 years to less than 50 years can be expected.
A service life of 50 years to less than 100 years can be
expected.
(May be selected if the Conditions for adding points are met.)

Level 4
Level 5

CO2 calculation conditions
Replacement cycle: 11 years
Replacement cycle: 18 years
Replacement cycle: 37 years
Replacement cycle: 75 years
Same as Level 4

Table 3.8 Correspondence table for scoring results of "Q H2.2.2 Maintenance system" and CO2 calculation
conditions

3

Level
Level 1
Level 2

(No corresponding level)(No corresponding level)

Level 3

No action taken.

Level 4

Corresponds to one of the Efforts to be evaluated.

Level 5

Corresponds to two or more of the Efforts to be evaluated.

Efforts to be evaluated
No.
1
2

3

170

CO2 calculation conditions

Criterion

Reduction of the above
replacement cycle
Maintenance of the above
replacement cycle
Extension of the above
replacement cycle

EffortA mechanism is incorporated for the implementation of periodic inspections as well as maintenance,
repairs, and replacement at the appropriate times.
A mechanism is incorporated that provides information, such as manuals or periodicals, or aconsultation service to assist the building occupants in continuing appropriate maintenance.
Basic information related to the building (such as design documents, construction records,
specification member list, etc.) and the maintenance history of the building are maintained and usedin follow-up inspections when any anomaly occurs.

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

The corrections of the replacement cycles in terms of years as per "QH2.2.2 Maintenance system" are shown
below.
Table 3.9 Correction of service life of exterior wall materials and roof materials as per "QH2.2.2 Maintenancesystem"QH2.2.2 Maintenance system
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

QH2.1.2
QH2.1.3

Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5

11 years
12 years
25 years
50 years
50 years

11 years
18 years
37 years
75 years
75 years

Correction interms of years

11 years
24 years
49 years
100 years
100 yearsNone
6 years
12 years
25 years
25 years

Note: For Level 1, the mandatory defect warranty period for the roof and exterior walls is 10 years. Thus, noperiod of 10 years or less is set, and 11 years is set as the fixed period.

Tables 3.10 through 3.15 amalgamate the calculation results according to the respective conditions. The
values in these tables indicate the CO2 emissions in the "Construction" and "Repair, Renewal, and Demolition"
stages, respectively. For example, if a wooden house has a Level 3 rating for all four scoring items, its CO 2
emissions in the "Construction" and "Repair, Renewal, and Demolition" stages are 8.915 and 3.023,
respectively, based on Tables 3.10 and 3.11.
Therefore, once the type of construction and the four scoring levels are determined, the corresponding values
in these tables can simply be selected, providing a procedure that eliminates any complicated processes in theassessment.
Table 3.10 CO2 emissions of a wooden house in the "Construction" stage (unit: kg-CO2/year m2)
QH2.1.1 Building frames
Level 44.457

Level 38.915

Level 5
2.972

Table 3.11 CO2 emissions of a wooden house in the "Repair, Renewal, and Demolition" stage (unit: kg-CO2/yearm2)

QH2.1.2
QH2.1.3
Exterior wall Roof materials/flatmaterials
roof
Level
1
Level
Level
2
1
Level
3
Level
4, 5
Level
1
Level
Level
2
2
Level
3
Level
4, 5
Level
1

Level 3
QH2.2.2 Maintenancesystem

QH2.1.1 Building frames
Level 4
QH2.2.2 MaintenancesystemLevel 5
QH2.2.2 Maintenancesystem

Level
3

Level
4

Level
5

Level
3

Level
4

Level
5

Level
3

Level
4

Level
5

5.197

5.197

5.197

7.259

7.259

7.259

8.336

8.336

8.336

5.197

4.662

4.127

7.259

6.722

6.722

8.336

7.799

7.622

4.127

4.127

4.127

6.455

6.455

6.187

7.622

7.266

7.266

4.127

4.127

4.127

6.187

6.187

6.187

7.266

7.087

7.087

5.197

4.645

4.094

7.259

6.707

6.707

8.336

7.785

7.601

5.197

4.11

3.023

7.259

6.17

6.17

8.336

7.249

6.886

4.127

3.576

3.023

6.455

5.903

5.635

7.622

6.713

6.528

4.127

3.576

3.023

6.187

5.635

5.635

7.266

6.535

6.349

4.094

4.094

4.094

6.431

6.431

6.154

7.601

7.232

7.232

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Part III
Level
3

Level
4, 5

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)
Level
2
Level
3
Level
4, 5
Level
1
Level
2
Level
3
Level
4, 5

4.094

3.558

3.023

6.431

5.895

5.62

7.601

6.696

6.518

3.023

3.023

3.023

5.628

5.628

5.084

6.886

6.161

6.161

3.023

3.023

3.023

5.36

5.36

5.084

6.528

5.983

5.983

4.094

4.094

4.094

6.154

6.154

6.154

7.232

7.048

7.048

4.094

3.558

3.023

6.154

5.62

5.62

7.232

6.513

6.334

3.023

3.023

3.023

5.351

5.351

5.084

6.518

5.977

5.977

3.023

3.023

3.023

5.084

5.084

5.084

6.161

5.799

5.799

* In this table, CO2 emissions increase as the level of “QH2.1.1 Building frames” becomes higher, because ahouse with a longer service life has a greater incidence of “Renewal” of its interior and exterior elements,
equipment, services, and members; in other words, it uses more materials. In many cases, the total emissions
including those in the “Construction” stage decrease as the level of “QH2.1.1 Building frames” becomes higher,
but the opposite may occur if there are an excessive number of replacements of other members during theservice life period of the building frames. This phenomenon also applies to houses of other types of
construction.

Table 3.12 CO2 emissions of a steel-frame house in the "Construction" stage (unit: kg-CO2/year m2)
QH2.1.1 Building frames
Level 4
7.526

Level 315.051

Level 55.018

Table 3.13 CO2 emissions of a steel-frame house in the "Repair, Renewal, and Demolition" stage (unit: kgCO2/year m2)

3

QH2.1.2
QH2.1.3
Exterior wall Roof materials/flatmaterials
roof
Level
1
Level
Level
2
1
Level
3
Level
4, 5
Level
1
Level
Level
2
2
Level
3
Level
4, 5
Level
1
Level
Level
2

172

Level 3
QH2.2.2 Maintenancesystem

QH2.1.1 Building frames
Level 4
QH2.2.2 MaintenancesystemLevel 5
QH2.2.2 Maintenancesystem

Level
3

Level
4

Level
5

Level
3

Level
4

Level
5

Level
3

Level
4

Level
5

5.133

5.133

5.133

7.489

7.489

7.489

8.678

8.678

8.678

5.133

4.581

4.03

7.489

6.938

6.938

8.678

8.127

7.944

4.03

4.03

4.03

6.662

6.662

6.387

7.944

7.576

7.576

4.03

4.03

4.03

6.387

6.387

6.387

7.576

7.392

7.392

5.133

4.542

3.952

7.489

6.899

6.899

8.678

8.088

7.892

5.133

3.99

2.847

7.489

6.347

6.347

8.678

7.535

7.155

4.03

3.44

2.847

6.662

6.07

5.796

7.944

6.984

6.788

4.03

3.44

2.847

6.387

5.796

5.796

7.576

6.802

6.604

3.952

3.952

3.952

6.603

6.603

6.308

7.892

7.496

7.496

3.952

3.398

2.847

6.603

6.052

5.757

7.892

6.944

6.761

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

3

Level
3
Level
4, 5
Level
1
Level
2
Level
3
Level
4, 5

Level
4, 5

2.847

2.847

2.847

5.776

5.776

5.205

7.155

6.393

6.393

2.847

2.847

2.847

5.501

5.501

5.205

6.788

6.211

6.211

3.952

3.952

3.952

6.308

6.308

6.308

7.496

7.299

7.299

3.952

3.398

2.847

6.308

5.757

5.757

7.496

6.747

6.564

2.847

2.847

2.847

5.48

5.48

5.205

6.761

6.197

6.197

2.847

2.847

2.847

5.205

5.205

5.205

6.393

6.013

6.058

Table 3.14 CO2 emissions of a reinforced-concrete house in the "Construction" stage (unit: kg-CO2/year m2)
QH2.1.1 Building frames
Level 48.415

Level 316.831

Level 5
5.611

Table 3.15 CO2 emissions of a reinforced-concrete house in the "Repair, Renewal, and Demolition" stage (unit:
kg-CO2/year m2)

QH2.1.3 Roofmaterials/flat roof
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4, 5

QH2.1.1 Building frames
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5
QH2.2.2 Maintenance system QH2.2.2 Maintenance system QH2.2.2 Maintenance system
Level
Level
Level
Level
Level
Level
Level
Level
Level
5
4
3
5
4
3
5
4
3
5.777
5.777
5.777
5.117
5.117
5.117
3.267
3.267
3.267
5.686
5.71
5.777
5.051
5.051
5.117
3.132
3.199
3.267
5.644
5.644
5.686
4.983
5.016
5.016
3.132
3.132
3.132
5.622
5.622
5.644
4.983
4.983
4.983
3.132
3.132
3.132

(3) CO2 emissions in the "Occupancy" stage
To begin with, CO2 emissions related to energy consumption by type of use (heating, cooling, hot water,lighting, home electric appliances, cooking, and ventilation) and water consumption for an ordinary home are set
according to the energy saving area classification as shown in Table 3.16 ("Standard values for calculation").
The CO2 emissions thus calculated for each application are then adjusted depending on the efforts made for the
subject building.
When the values are adjusted as above, 13 scoring items selected from LRH1 that are related to CO2emissions in the "Occupancy" stage, as shown in Table 3.17, are used as calculation conditions.
Table 3.16 Standard values for calculation (unit: kg-CO2/year m2)
Areaclassification

Heating

Cooling

Hot-water
supplyLighting

I
II
III
IV
V
VI

12.75
8.66
6.64
3.61
2.39
0.00

0.00
0.04
0.28
0.85
0.86
2.20

8.94
10.77
10.84
10.43
8.26
6.11

3.76
3.76
3.76
3.76
3.76
3.76

Home
electric
appliances
7.57
7.86
8.30
8.34
8.01
7.86

Cooking

Ventilation

Watersaving

1.28
1.33
1.41
1.41
1.36
1.33

1.87
1.95
2.06
2.06
1.98
1.95

1.33
1.38
1.46
1.46
1.41
1.38

Table 3.17 Scoring items used to calculate CO2 emissions in the "Occupancy" stage
LRH1 Conserving Energy and Water
Role in calculating CO2 emissions
1.1 Control of thermal load of building Used to set the level of energy saving in heating
1.2 Natural energy use
Used to set the level of energy saving in heating and cooling
2.1.1 Heating system
Used to set the level of energy saving in heating

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Part IIIg y
2.1.2 Cooling system
2.2.1 Hot-water supply equipment
2.2.2 Heat insulation of bathtub
2.2.3 Hot-water plumbing
2.3 Lighting fixtures, home electric
appliances, and kitchen equipment
2.4 Ventilation system
2.5.1 Home cogeneration system
2.5.2 Solar power generation system
3.1 Water-saving systems
3.2 Rainwater use

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)gyggUsed to set the level of energy saving in cooling
Used to set the level of energy saving in hot-water supply
Used to set the level of energy saving in hot-water supply
Used to set the level of energy saving in hot-water supply
Used to set the level of energy saving in lighting, etc.
Used to set the level of energy saving in ventilation
Used to set the level of energy saving in heating and hot-water supply
Used to set the level of energy saving in heating; cooling; hot-watersupply; lighting, etc.; and ventilation
Used to set the level of water saving
Used to set the level of water saving

The calculation of CO2 emissions for each application is shown below.
① Heating
The consumption rate is calculated from the assessment levels of the three scoring items related to heatinguse, and the calculated rate is multiplied by the standard value to obtain the CO2 emissions for heating. Whena house has an evaluation of Level 4 or higher for "LRH1.2.5.1 Home cogeneration system," its CO2 emissions
are calculated on the assumption that the assessment for "LRH1.2.1.1 Heating system" is Level 5:*
CO 2 emissions for heating = LR H1.1.1 consumption rate × LR H1.1.2 consumption rate × LR H2.1.1
consumption rate x Standard value for heating.
Table 3.18 Relationship between scoring level and consumption rate
LRH1.1.1 Control of thermal load of building
LRH1.1.2 Natural energy use
LRH1.2.1.1 Heating system

3

Level 1150
125

Level 2
Level 3
Level 4125
100
(100 – Heating energy reduction rate)
100-

Level 5
69
75

* The "Eco Will" home cogeneration system uses gas combustion to generate power and recover heat and is acomplete system inside a virtual closed space. To evaluate CO2 based on the use of "Eco Will," it isnecessary to simultaneously consider CO2 emissions from gas consumption, reduction of CO2 emissions by
the quantity of power generated, and reduction of CO2 emissions from hot-water supply and heating by waste
heat recovery. At the present time, however, sufficient basic data necessary for such evaluation have not yet
been released, nor has an assessment method been established. The tentative solution currently adopted is
to assess hot-water supply and heating as Level 5 in consideration of the waste heat recovery realized bypower generation, so as to calculate the CO2 emissions.
* For scoring item "LRH1.1.2 Natural energy use," efforts to reduce energy for either heating or cooling areevaluated for the scoring criteria of Level 3 and 4. For the calculation of CO2 emissions, however, it has been
decided that the reduction effects for heating and cooling should be separately calculated. In line with thisdecision, the assessment software is now programmed to accept selection and input of the reduction ratios
for heating and for cooling independently. However, for the calculation of CO2 emissions based on thereference value, the energy reduction effect should be prorated for both heating and cooling, and a
consumption rate of 95 should be used for the purpose of simplification.
② Cooling
The consumption rate is calculated based on the assessment level of the two scoring items related tocooling use, and the rate is multiplied by the standard value to obtain the CO2 emissions for cooling:
CO2 emissions for cooling = LRH1.1.2 consumption rate × LRH2.1.2 consumption rate × Standard value forcooling.
Table 3.19 Relationship between scoring level and consumption rate
Level 1
LRH1.1.2 Natural energy use
LRH1.2.1.2 Cooling system

174

125

Level 2
Level 3
Level 4(100 – Cooling energy reduction rate)
100-

Level 575

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents③ Hot-water supply
The consumption rate is calculated based on the assessment level of the three scoring items related to hotwater supply, and the rate is multiplied by the standard value to obtain the CO2 emissions for hot-watersupply. If the assessment for "LRH1.2.5.1 Home cogeneration system" is Level 4 or more, the assessment for"LRH1.2.2.1 Hot-water supply equipment" should be regarded as Level 5, and the CO2 emissions calculated
accordingly:
CO2 emissions for hot-water supply = LRH1.2.2.1 consumption rate × LRH1.2.2.2 consumption rate
× LRH1.2.2.3 consumption rate × Standard value for hot water supply.
Table 3.20 Relationship between scoring level and consumption rate
LRH1.2.2.1 Hot-water supply equipment
LRH1.2.2.2 Heat insulation of bathtub
LRH1.2.2.3 Hot-water plumbing

Level 1
117
105-

Level 2
111

Level 3
100
100
100

Level 483
94

Level 571
95
89

④ Lighting fixtures, home electric appliances, and kitchen equipment
The consumption rate is calculated based on the assessment level of the one scoring item related tolighting fixtures, home electric appliances, and kitchen equipment, and the rate is multiplied by the standard
value to obtain the CO2 emissions for this item:
CO2 emissions for lighting fixtures, home electric appliances, and kitchen equipment = LRH1.2.3 consumption
rate × (Standard value for lighting fixtures + Standard value for home electric appliances + Standard value
for kitchen equipment).
Table 3.21 Relationship between scoring level and consumption rate
LRH1.2.3 Lighting fixtures, home electric
appliances, and kitchen equipmen

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Level 4

Level 5

125

-

100

88

75

⑤ Ventilation
The consumption rate is calculated based on the assessment level of the one scoring item related toventilation, and the rate is multiplied by the standard value to obtain the CO2 emissions for ventilation:
CO2 emissions for ventilation = LRH1.2.4 consumption rate × Standard value for ventilation.
Table 3.22 Relationship between scoring level and consumption rate
LRH1.2.4 Ventilation system

Level 1-

Level 2-

Level 3
100

Level 470

Level 540

⑥ Water consumption
The consumption rate is calculated based on the assessment level of the two scoring items related to water
consumption, and the rate is multiplied by the standard value to obtain the CO2 emission for water
consumption:
CO 2 emissions for water consumption = LR H1.3.1 consumption rate × LR H1.3.2 consumption rate ×Standard value for water consumption.
Table 3.23 Relationship between scoring level and consumption rate
LRH1.3.1 Water-saving systems
LRH1.3.2 Rainwater use

Level 1
115-

Level 2-

Level 3100
100

Level 485
99

Level 570
90

⑦ Solar power generation system
The reduction of CO2 emissions by solar power generation is calculated by multiplying the total value of
CO2 emissions calculated from ① to ⑤ above by the energy-saving ratio k calculated in "LRH1.2.5.2 Solar

175

Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)power generation system":
CO2 emissions reduction by solar power generation = Total value of CO2 emissions calculated from ① to ⑤
× Energy-saving ratio k.
As described above, the CO2 emissions in the "Occupancy" stage are then calculated by the following
equation:
CO2 emissions during "Occupancy" stage = (CO2 emissions for heating + CO2 emissions for cooling + CO2
emissions for hot-water supply + CO2 emissions for lighting fixtures, home electric appliances, and kitchenequipment + CO2 emissions for ventilation) x (1 - k) + CO2 emissions for water consumption.
However, if k ≧ 1, the following equation should be used:
CO2 emissions during "Occupancy" stage = CO2 emissions for water consumption.
(4) Conversion from life cycle CO2 emission to score of LRH3.1
The sum of the CO2 emissions in the stages of "Construction" and "Repair, Renewal, and Demolition" as
calculated in (2) and the CO2 emissions during the "Occupancy" stage as calculated in (3) is the life cycle
CO2emission for the subject building. The results derived based on the assumption that the evaluation for all of
the 17 scoring items shown in Table 3.5 and 3.17 is Level 3 is the life cycle CO2 emission for an ordinary house("reference value").
Evaluation for LRH3.1 "Consideration of Global Warming" is performed based on the ratio of the abovereference value to the emissions from the subject building ("emission rate"). If the emission rate is 100%, asshown in Table 3.24, the result is Level 3. If it is not more than 75%, it is Level 5. If it is 125% or more, it is Level
1. This result is translated into the following equations:
Emission rate = Emissions from subject building / Reference value.
LRH3.1 level = - 0.08 x Emission rate + 11.

3

Table 3.24 Assessment level for LRH3.1 Consideration of Global Warming
Level

Criterion
Levels are expressed in life cycle CO2 emission rates converted to any of the numbers 1 through5 (down to the first decimal place).
Levels 1, 3, and 5 are defined by the following emission rates:

Level 1
toLevel 5

Level 1: The life cycle CO2 emission rate is 125% or higher than that of an ordinary house(reference value).
Level 3: The life cycle CO2 emission rate is equal to that of an ordinary house (reference value).
Level 5: The life cycle CO2 emission rate is 75% or lower than that of an ordinary house(reference value).

The level for LRH3.1 becomes the score SLRH3.1.
(5) "CO2 calculation" and "CO2 data" sheets of the assessment software
The above calculation process is shown in the "CO2 calculation" sheet of the assessment software. The sheet
is divided into two parts: "Life Cycle CO2 Calculation Sheet (for Standard Calculation)" and "Life Cycle CO2
Calculation Sheet (for Calculation according to the Regional Power Company)." The following explains the "Life
Cycle CO2 Calculation Sheet (for Standard Calculation)."
1. CO2 Emissions Related to Construction
Figure 3.7 shows an example of a display. The scoring items related to "Construction" are shown on the left of
the figure, a list of CO2 emissions corresponding to each level is shown at the center, and a table of the "Score"and "CO2 emission" for each "Subject" and "Reference" is shown on the right. The list of CO2 emissions is
automatically extracted from the database of the "CO2 data" sheet according to the level of each scoring item inthe "Subject" column.
In this example, the assessment for "QH2.1.1 Building frames" is Level 5 in the category of wooden building(the cells in the "Ratio of material type" column are automatically filled by the values input in "QH2.1.1 Building

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Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

frames" in the "LR2 scoring" sheet; this example is for a single wooden structure), those for "QH2.1.2 Exteriorwall materials" and "QH2.1.3 Roofing materials/flat roof" are both Level 4, and that for "QH2.2.2 Maintenancesystem" is Level 5. The value of CO2 emissions in the "Subject" column that corresponds to this combination is
2.97 kg-CO2 /year m2. On the other hand, Level 3 is the only assessment result in the "Reference" column.
Hence, the CO2 emissions from the wooden house come to 8.92 kg-CO2/year m2.

Fig. 3.7 Example of display of “CO2 Emissions Related to Construction” in the “CO2 calculation” sheet

2. CO2 Emissions Related to Repair, Renewal, and Demolition
The composition of this display is the same as that for "Construction." The results are Level 5 for a wooden
house in "QH2.1.1 Building frames," Level 4 for both "QH2.1.2 Exterior wall materials" and "QH2.1.3 Roofing
materials/flat roof," and Level 5 for "QH2.2.2 Maintenance system." The CO2 emissions value corresponding tothis combination of results is retrieved from the database. In this example, the CO2 emissions for "Subject ofassessment" and "Reference value" are 5.80 kg-CO2/year m2 and 3.02 kg/-CO2/year m2, respectively.

Fig. 3.8 Example of display of “CO2 Emissions Related to Repair, Renewal, and Demolition” in the “CO2
calculation” sheet

3. CO2 Emissions Related to Energy during Occupancy
An example of a display for this category of CO2 emissions is shown in Fig. 3.9. In "3-1. Conversion ofAssessment Results to Consumption Rates," the assessed levels for the related scoring items are shown as theresults converted to the consumption rates. Then, in "3-2. Conversion to Consumption Rates and Calculation of
CO2 Emissions for each application," the calculation results for the consumption rates and CO2 emissions bytype of application are shown. Lastly, in "3-3. Calculation of Totals," all of the CO2 emissions for all uses aretotaled, and the results with the solar power generation portion duly adjusted are shown as the CO2 emissions
related to energy during the stage of Occupancy.
4. Calculation of Life Cycle CO2
The CO2 emissions calculated for "Construction," "Repair, Renewal, and Demolition," and "Occupancy" aretotaled for each "Subject " and "Reference" and the results are shown as the life cycle CO2. The results
displayed in this column are used for evaluation of "LR H3.1 Consideration of Global Warming," and thecorresponding "global warming impact chart" is created in the "Results" sheet.

177Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)

3

Fig. 3.9 Example of display of “CO2 Emissions Related to Energy during Occupancy” and “Calculation of Life
Cycle CO2” in the “CO2 calculation” sheet

2.4 Supplementary Information on Assessment Method(1) Calculation conditions for "Construction" and "Repair, Renewal, and Demolition"
This section describes the standard model house and the calculation conditions used for CO 2 emission
calculation for "Construction" and "Repair, Renewal, and Demolition."① Calculation method for "Construction"
The plan for the standard model house is taken from the standard model for tests of the Architectural
Institute of Japan (AIJ). A plan view of this model is shown in Fig. 3.10. Based on this plan, the specifications
generally used for a wooden house (conventional wooden building), a steel-frame house (heavy steel frame),
and a reinforced-concrete house (box-frame-type construction method) were assumed, and the members
necessary to satisfy these assumed specifications were identified. See Section 3.2, "Reference Materials forAssessment (Reference 4)," below for the detailed drawings and specifications.
The weights of all the constituent members were determined, and their CO 2 emissions were calculated
according to the CO2 emission units (up to domestic consumption expenditure) published by AIJ based on the
1995 industrial Input-Output Table. All of these values were integrated, and the CO2 emissions during the"Construction" stage were added to these integrated values using the construction portion scale factors
based on the 1995 industrial Input-Output Table for Construction Sector Analysis published by AIJ. The total
was converted to the values by year and floor area to obtain the CO2 emissions during the "Construction"
stage.** CASBEE for Home (Detached House) uses as the unit of CO2 the emissions by the year floor area (kgCO2/year m2), not the total of life cycle CO2 emissions. The reason why the floor area was selected as a

178

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

Fig. 3.10 Plan view of the standard model houseunit is that the calculation was conducted using the model house, which has a different floor area from thehouse to be assessed. We tried to eliminate any negative effects of the scale as much as possible byconverting to the value by the floor area. The reason why the year was selected as a unit is that weneeded to avoid a situation where, when buildings of different service life are compared, a house with alonger service life will have a greater frequency of member replacement and will eventually have a larger
volume of CO2 emissions if the unit is the total of life cycle CO2 emissions (30 years of service life is thebasis for reference value calculation).
② Calculation method for "Repair"
The repair rate for almost all members was set at 1% per year. In other words, 1% of the CO2 emissions
related to the production of members is counted every year as emissions related to "Repair." The value of theCO2 emissions during the production stage multiplied by the repair rate was calculated for each member, andby integrating the values of all the members and converting them into the value per floor area, the value of
CO2 emissions during the "Repair" stage was obtained.
③ Calculation method for "Renewal"
The service life was set for every member (the service life of exterior wall materials and roof materials is thelength of years corresponding to the score level of QH2; that of exterior materials, interior sheathings, andfacilities is roughly 30 years; and that of interior finish materials is roughly 15 years). The replacement cyclefor each member was then determined based on a building service life of 30 years, 60 years, and 90 years.
Using these values, the CO2 emissions for all members replaced during each building service life arecalculated for integration and conversion to the value per year and floor area. The resultant value is theamount of CO2 emissions during the "Renewal" stage.
④ Calculation method for "Demolition"
The CO2 emissions resulting from fuel consumption based on the assumption that all constituent members
become demolished materials and are transported on 4-ton trucks to a disposal plant 30 km away arecalculated, and the converted value by the year and floor area is the amount of CO2 emissions in the"Demolition" stage.
(2) Calculation conditions for "Occupancy"
CO2 emissions for the "Occupancy" stage were calculated in basically the same way as in the "Design
Guidelines for Self-Cycling Residences" (IBEC) (hereinafter referred to as the "Independence Guidelines"). The
Independence Guidelines specify CO2 emissions from a standard house by the type of use in each region, andthe values in the Guidelines were set as the regional values in the "Standard values for calculation" shown in
Table 3.16. Other than the region, the values were determined by correcting the earlier mentioned regional CO2
emissions in accordance with the ratios of the energy consumption of detached houses by region and type of
application in the Primary Energy Consumption Calculation Conditions (2006) in Housing and Building HighEfficiency Energy System Introduction Promotion Projects published by NEDO (refer to Table 2.6, "LRH1.2.5.2

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Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Solar power generation system," in Part II, Section 3.3, "Rating Criteria")*1. The data for water consumption notshown in the Guidelines were taken from the data of the Waterworks Bureau, Tokyo Metropolitan Government.
Replacement with the consumption rate for each scoring level shown in Tables 3.18 to 3.23 was basicallyconducted in accordance with the Guidelines. However, it should be noted that there is not complete consistency
between the levels indicated by the scoring criteria of CASBEE for Home (Detached House) and the effort levels
shown in the Guidelines as they do not necessarily agree with each other. In such cases, and for water
consumption data not shown in the Guidelines, we set the consumption rates ourselves based on past research
reports and other relevant data.
Note that the CO2 emissions for "Occupancy" differ from the data published by AIJ used for the "Construction"and "Repair, Renewal, and Demolition" CO2 emission calculations, and therefore calculation using the value of0.555 kg-CO2/kWh shown in the Enforcement Order for the Act Concerning the Promotion of Measures to Copewith Global Warming should be used as the basic data*2.
*1 The CO2 emissions shown in the Guidelines are the results of a case study of an all-electric house. The
values used for regional correction are for primary energy consumption, which contain statistical data not
only for electricity but also gas and kerosene. Since such data have not been fully established at thepresent time, we carried out tentative corrections based on the said method. This needs to be reviewed in
the future.
*2 Calculations of the CO2 emissions in the Guidelines used the electricity emission coefficient, 0.378 kgCO2/kWh, as shown in the former Enforcement Order for the Act Concerning the Promotion of Measures to
Cope with Global Warming. Table 3.16 shows that value converted to 0.555 kg-CO2/kWh.
(Reference) Sensitivity of Life Cycle CO2 in Each Scoring Item Used in the Calculations for "Occupancy"
Figure 3.11 shows the sensitivity by the level of the related scoring items with respect to the CO2 emissions in
the "Occupancy" stage according to the above calculation conditions. The percentages shown in the figure are
the ratio of the difference in emissions from that in Level 3 (reference value) to the total life cycle CO2 emissions.
Application

Heating3

Cooling

Ventilation
Hot-water supply

Scoring item
LRH1.1.1 Control of thermal load ofbuilding
LRH1.1.2 Natural energy use
LRH1.2.1.1 Heating system
Total sensitivity
LRH1.1.2 Natural energy use
LRH1.2.1.2 Cooling system
Total sensitivity
LRH1.2.4 Ventilation system
LRH1.2.2.1 Hot-water supply
equipment
LRH1.2.2.2 Heat insulation of bathtub
LRH1.2.2.3 Hot-water plumbing
Total sensitivity

Lighting fixtures,home electric
appliances, andkitchen equipment

LRH1.2.3 Lighting fixtures, homeelectric appliances, and kitchenequipment

Cogeneration

LRH2.5.1 Home cogeneration system

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Level 4

Level 5

3.7%

1.9%

0.0%

-

-2.3%

0.8%
1.9%
8.1%
0.2%
0.4%
0.7%
-

-

0.0%
0.0%

-0.8%
-

-

0.0%
0.0%

-0.2%
-

-

0.0%

-1.4%

-0.8%
-1.9%
-4.1%
-0.2%
-0.4%
-0.6%
-2.9%

-

3.9%

0.0%

-3.9%

-6.8%

1.2%
8.5%

2.6%

0.0%
0.0%

-1.3%

-1.2%
-2.6%
-9.4%

7.8%

-

0.0%

-3.9%

-7.8%

-

-

0.0%

-8.7%

-8.7%

*Independent sensitivity assuming that other items related to heating and hot-water supply use are rated as Level 3

Water

LRH1.3.1 Water-saving systems
LRH1.3.2 Rainwater use
Total sensitivity

0.5%
-

-

0.0%
0.0%
0.0%

-8.7%
0.0%
-0.5%

Fig. 3.11 Sensitivity of emission ratios relative to life cycle CO2 (example for a wooden house)

180

-1.0%
-0.3%
-1.2%

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

2.5 Standard Calculation and Calculation according to the Regional Power
Company
The above explanation represents the "Standard Calculation" method in CASBEE for Home (DetachedHouse). "Standard Calculation" is the only method used for the assessment of LRH3.1 and calculation of BEEH.
The other method of calculation employed is "Calculation according to the Regional Power Company," which isused to convert the electricity emission coefficient for "Occupancy" to a value other than 0.555 kg-CO2/kWh.
Since, in life cycle CO2 for homes, the share of CO2 emissions from "Occupancy" is much greater than thatfrom "Construction" or "Repair, Renewal, and Demolition," the emission coefficient for electricity used in thecalculations for the "Occupancy" stage is very influential. The value used for the "Standard Calculation," 0.555
kg-CO2/kWh, which is the value "in a case where the emission coefficient of electricity being used is unknown," isone of the "emission coefficients of electricity" described in the section detailing methods of calculating
greenhouse gas emissions associated with the use of electricity (Article 21, Paragraph 2-2) of the Enforcement
Order for the Act Concerning the Promotion of the Measures to Cope with Global Warming, and is different fromany of the electricity emission coefficients used by the regional power companies. Some power companies havepublished values that are significantly smaller than this value, and there is a nonnegligible error in the absolute
quantity of CO2 emissions.
We have therefore made available an optional calculation method, "Calculation according to the Regional
Power Company," for users who wish to know the CO2 emissions based on the published values of regional
power companies and can perform the calculation using a different electricity emission coefficient. The key tothis method of calculation is correction of the emissions other than the value for "Water consumption" in thefollowing equation shown in Section 2.3 (3), ‘CO2 emissions in the "Occupancy" stage':
CO2 emissions in "Occupancy" stage = (CO 2 emissions for heating + CO 2 emissions for cooling + CO 2
emissions for hot-water supply + CO2 emissions for lighting fixtures, home electric appliances, and kitchenequipment + CO2 emissions for ventilation) × (1 - k) × (Electricity emission coefficient used / 0.555) + CO2
emissions for water consumption.
The assessment software allows the user to select the desired CO2 emission coefficient for electricity in the"CO2 calculation" sheet. If the user selects a value other than "Standard" (0.555 kg-CO2/kWh), the results using"Calculation according to the Regional Power Company") are shown in the "global warming impact chart" in the"Results" sheet. To allow immediate recognition that the method of "Calculation according to the Regional Power
Company" has been selected, the software is designed to change the background color of the chart and show "*Calculation according to the Regional Power Company" above the chart.
As explained earlier, even in this case, the "Standard Calculation" will be used for LRH3.1 and BEEH.

Fig. 3.12 "CO2 calculation" sheet of the assessment software (for "Calculation according to the Regional Power
Company")

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Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)

2.6 Important Points to Note
As mentioned earlier, from the viewpoint of ease of use, which is the basic principle for the entire CASBEE
Family, the calculation is actually based on a fairly simplified technique. Therefore, the result should not be taken
to guarantee a high level of precision. In particular, this should be fully understood when referring to the "global
warming impact chart" in the software, which indicates the absolute quantities of CO2 emissions. However, we
believe that it is necessary to present data on CO2 emissions from houses to the general public, irrespective of
how approximate these data may be, in consideration of the present situation where such CO2 emissions orCO2reduction effects, even in terms of rough figures, are rarely known by not only the general public but housing
suppliers as well.
As regards the emission coefficient of electricity when reduction effects by various measures are being
evaluated, another approach that evaluates by "power sources expected to be influenced" ("Manual for
Calculation and Reporting of Greenhouse Effect Gas Emissions" by the Ministry of the Environment and theMinistry of Economy, Trade and Industry, June 2007) may be used instead of the above approach. Therefore, as
one of the issues to be solved for the entire CASBEE Series, we intend to continue reviewing how to handle theelectricity emission coefficient for the evaluation of reduction effects.

3

182Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

3

Reference Information

3.1 List of Reference Information
The following is a list of literature, laws, and other documents used, referenced, or mentioned in the rating
criteria.
Information
Japan Housing Performance
Indication Standards

Publisher, etc.
The Housing Quality
Assurance Act

Guide to Energy-saving
Standards for Houses

Institute for Building
Environment and Energy
Conservation (IBEC)

Design Guidelines for SelfCycling Residences

Institute for Building
Environment and Energy
Conservation (IBEC)

Century Housing Systemaccreditation criteria
Manual for Building Life Cycle
Energy Calculation Program
Interior Wiring Codes 3605-1 and3545-2
Guidelines for Greening Plans

The Center for Better
LivingBuilding ResearchInstituteJapan Electric Association

Guidelines for Greening ofPlaces of Business
Environmentally Symbiotic
Housing Certification Criteria
Recommendations on Handlingof Greening Plants for
Preservation of Biodiversity

Tokyo Metropolitan
Government
Hiratsuka City, Kanagawa
Prefecture
Institute for Building
Environment and Energy
Conservation (IBEC)The Japanese Society ofRevegetation Technology

Relevant assessment items
QH1.1.1.1 Ensuring thermal insulation andairtightness performance
QH1.2.1.1 Countermeasures against chemical
contaminants
QH1.2.3.1 Precautions against crime
QH1.3.1.1 Use of daylight
QH1.4.2.1 Quietness
QH2.1.1.1 Building frames
QH2.1.4.1 Resistance against natural disasters
QH2.1.5.1 Fire-resistant structure (excluding
openings)
QH2.1.5.2 Early detection of fire
QH2.2.1.3 Ease of maintenance
QH2.3.2.3 Barrier-free design
LRH1.1.1.3 Control of thermal load of building
QH1.1.1.1 Ensuring thermal insulation andairtightness performance
QH1.1.1.2 Sunlight adjustment capability
LRH1.1.1.3 Control of thermal load of building
QH1.1.1.2 Sunlight adjustment capability
QH1.1.2.1 Allowing breezes in and heat out
LRH1.1.2.3 Natural energy use
LRH3.1 Consideration of Global Warming
QH2.1.2.1 Exterior wall materials
QH2.1.3.1 Roof materials/flat roof
QH2.1.2.1 Exterior wall materials
QH2.1.3.1 Roof materials/flat roof
QH2.2.1.3 Ease of maintenance
QH3.2.1.3 Greening of the premises
QH3.2.1.3 Greening of the premises
LRH1.3.1.3 Water-saving systems
LRH1.3.2.3 Rainwater use
LRH3.2.2.3 Preservation of the existing naturalenvironment

3.2 Reference Materials for Assessment
The following are some of the reference materials used in the rating criteria.

Reference 1
Reference 2
Reference 3
Reference 4

Name of reference material
Appendix 1 of the “Judgment Criteria for Building Owners for Energy Efficiency
Standards”
Appendix 2 of the “Judgment Criteria for Building Owners for Energy Efficiency
Standards”
Extract from the “Basic Policy for the Promotion of Procurement of Eco-Friendly
Goods and Services” (determined by the Cabinet after partial revision on
February 2, 2007)

Page“Standard Model House” for Life Cycle CO2 Assessment

P195

P184
P186
P188

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Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)(Reference 1) Appendix 1 of the "Judgment Criteria for Building Owners for Energy Efficiency Standards"
Appendix 1
Area classification
I
II
III
IV

Prefectures
Hokkaido
Aomori, Iwate, Akita
Miyagi, Yamagata, Fukushima, Tochigi, Niigata, Nagano
Ibaraki, Gunma, Saitama, Chiba, Tokyo, Kanagawa, Toyama, Ishikawa, Fukui, Yamanashi, Gifu, Shizuoka,
Aichi, Mie, Shiga, Kyoto, Osaka, Hyogo, Nara, Wakayama, Tottori, Shimane, Okayama, Hiroshima,
Yamaguchi, Tokushima, Kagawa, Ehime, Kochi, Fukuoka, Saga, Nagasaki, Kumamoto, Oita
V
Miyazaki, Kagoshima
VI
Okinawa
1. The following municipalities should be classified as Area I regardless of the above classification:
AomoriTowada City (limited to former Towada-ko Town), Shichinohe Town (limited to former Shichinohe Town), Takko Town
Iwate
Kuji City (limited to former Yamagata Village), Hachimantai City, Kazumaki Town, Iwate Town, Nishiwaga Town
2. The following municipalities should be classified as Area II regardless of the above classification:
Hokkaido
Hakodate City (limited to former Hakodate City), Matsumae Town, Fukushima Town, Shiriuchi Town, Kikonai Town,
Yakumo Town (limited to former Kumaishi Town), Esashi Town, Kaminokuni Town, Assabu Town, Otobe Town, Setana
Town (excluding former Setana Town), Shimamaki Village, Suttu Town
Miyagi
Kurihara City (limited to former Kurikoma Town, former Ichihasama Town, former Uguisuzawa Town, and former
Hanayama Town)
Yamagata
Yonezawa City, Tsuruoka City (limited to former Asahi Village), Shinjo City, Sagae City, Nagai City, Obanazawa City,
Nanyo City, Kahoku Town, Nishikawa Town, Asahi Town, Oe Town, Oishida Town, Kaneyama Town, Mogami Town,
Funagata Town, Mamurogawa Town, Ohkura Village, Sakegawa Village, Tozawa Village, Takahata Town, Kawanishi
Town, Oguni Town, Shirataka Town, Iide Town
Fukushima Aizuwakamatsu City (limited to former Kawahigashi Town), Shirakawa City (limited to former Taishin Village), Sukagawa
City (limited to former Naganuma Town), Kitakata City (excluding former Shiokawa Town), Tamura City (excluding former
Miyakoji Village), Otama Village, Ten-ei Village, Shimogo Town, Hinoemata Village, Tadami Town, Minamiaizu Town,
Kitashiobara Village, Nishiaizu Town, Bandai Town, Inawashiro Town, Mishima Town, Kaneyama Town, Showa Village,
Yabuki Town, Hirata Village, Ono Town, Kawauchi Village, Iitate Village
Tochigi
Nikko City (excluding former Imaichi City), Nasushiobara City (limited to former Shiobara Town)
Gunma
Numata City (excluding former Numata City), Naganohara Town, Tsumagoi Village, Kusatsu Town, Kuni Village,
Katashina Village, Kawaba Village, Minakami Town (limited to former Minakami Town)
NiigataTokamachi City (limited to former Nakasato Village), Uonuma City (limited to former Irihirose Village), Tsunan Village
Yamanashi Fujiyoshida City, Hokuto City (limited to former Kobuchisawa Town), Nishikatsura Town, Oshino Village, Yamanakako
Village, Fujikawaguchiko Town (limited to former Kawaguchiko Town)
NaganoNagano City (excluding former Nagano City and former Oooka Village), Matsumoto City (excluding former Matsumoto
City and former Shiga Village), Ueda City (limited to former Sanada Town and former Takeshi Village), Suzaka City,
Komoro City, Ina City (excluding former Hase Village), Komagane City, (limited to former Nakano City), Omachi City,
Iiyama City, Chino City, Shiojiri City, Saku City, Chikuma City (limited to former Koshoku City), Tomi City, Koumi Town,
Kawakami Village, Minamimaki Village, Minamiaiki Village, Kitaaiki Village, Sakuho Town, Karuizawa Town, Miyota Town,
Tateshina Town, Nagawa Town, Fujimi Town, Hara Village, Tatsuno Town, Minowa Town, Minamiminowa Village,
Miyada Village, Achi Village (limited to former Namiai Village), Hiraya Village, Shimojo Village, Agematsu Town, Kiso
Village, Kiso Town, Hata Town, Yamagata Village, Asahi Village, Ikeda Town, Matsukawa Village, Hakuba Village, Otari
Village, Obuse Town, Takayama Village, Yamanouchi Town, Kishimadaira Village, Nozawaonsen Village, Shinano Town,
Iizuna Town
Gifu
Takayama City, Hida City (limited to former Fukukawa Town and former Kawai Village), Shirakawa Village
3. The following municipalities should be classified as Area III regardless of the above classification:
Aomori
Aomori City (limited to former Aomori City), Fukaura Town
Iwate
Miyako City (excluding former Niisato Village), Ofunato City, Ichinoseki City (limited to former Ichinoseki City, former
Hanaizumi Town, and former Daito Town), Rikuzentakata City, Kamaishi City, Hiraizumi Town
Akita
Akita City (excluding former Kawabe Town), Noshiro City (limited to former Noshiro City), Oga City, Yurihonjo City
(excluding former Higashiyuri Town), Katagami City, Nikaho City, Mitane Town (excluding former Kotooka Town), Happou
Town, Ogata Village
IbarakiTsuchiura City (limited to former Niihari Village), Ishioka City, Hitachiomiya City (limited to former Miwa Village), Kasama
City (limited to former Iwama Town), Chikusei City (excluding former Sekijo Town), Kasumigaura City (limited to former
Chiyoda Town), Sakuragawa City, Omitama City (excluding former Tamari Village), Daigo Town
Gunma
Takasaki City (limited to former Kurabuchi Village), Kiryu City (limited to former Kurohone Village), Numata City (limited toformer Numata City), Shibukawa City (limited to former Akagi Village and former Onogami Village), Annaka City (limited
to former Matsuida Town), Midori City (limited to former Azuma Village, Seta Gun), Ueno Village, Kanna Town, Shimonita
Town, Nanmoku Village, Nakanojo Town, Takayama Village, Higashiagatsuma Town, Showa Village, Minakami Town
(excluding former Minakami Town)
SaitamaChichibu City (limited to former Otaki Village), Ogano Town (limited to former Ryokami Village)
Tokyo
Okutama Town
ToyamaToyama City (limited to former Osawano Town, former Ohyama Town, and former Hosoiri Village), Kurobe City (limited toformer Unazuki Town), Nanto City (limited to former Taira Village, former Kamitaira Village, and former Toga Village),
Kamiichi Town, Tateyama Town
Ishikawa
Hakusan City (limited to former Yoshinodani Village, former Oguchi Village, and former Shiramine Village)
Fukui
Ono City (limited to former Izumi Village)
Yamanashi Kofu City (limited to former Kamikuishiki Village), Tsuru City, Yamanashi City (limited to former Mitomi Village), Hokuto
City (excluding former Akeno Village and former Kobuchizawa Town), Ashigawa Village, Narusawa Village,
Fujikawaguchiko Town (excluding former Kawaguchiko Town), Kosuge Village, Tabayama Village
Gifu
Nakatsugawa City (excluding former Nakatsugawa City and former Yamaguchi Village, Kiso Gun, Nagano Prefecture),
Ena City (limited to former Kushihara Village and former Kamiyahagi Town), Hida City (limited to former Miyagawa Village

3184Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

and former Kamioka Town), Gujo City (excluding former Minami Village), Gero City (excluding former Kanayama Town),
Higashishirakawa Village
Aichi
Toyota City (limited to former Inabu Town)
Hyogo
Yabu City (limited to former Sekinomiya Town), Kami Town (excluding former Kasumi Town)
Nara
Nara City (limited to former Tsuge Village), Gojo City (limited to former Oto Village), Ikoma City, Uda City (limited toformer Muro Village), Heguri Town, Nosegawa Village
Wakayama Katsuragi Town (limited to former Hanazono Village), Koya City
Tottori
Kurayoshi City (limited to former Sekigane Town), Wakasa Town, Nichinan Town, Hino Town, Kofu Town
ShimaneOkuizumo Town, Iinan Town, Misato Town (limited to former Daiwa Village), Ohnan Town (excluding former Iwami Town)
OkayamaTsuyama City (limited to former Awa Village), Takahashi City (limited to former Bittchu Town), Niimi City, Maniwa City
(excluding former Ochiai Town and former Kuse Town), Shinjo Village, Kagamino Town (excluding former Kagamino
Town)
Hiroshima
Fuchu City (limited to former Joge Town), Miyoshi City (excluding former Miyoshi City and former Miwa Town), Shobara
City, Hatsukaichi City (limited to former Saiki Town and former Yoshiwa Village), Akitakata City (limited to former Yachiyo
Town, former Midori Town, and former Takamiya Town), Akiota Town (excluding former Kake Town), Kitahiroshima Town
(excluding former Toyohira Town), Sera Town (excluding former Sereanishi Town), Jinsekikogen Town
Tokushima Miyoshi City (limited to former Higashiiyayama Village)
Kochi
Ino Town (limited to former Hongawa Village)
4. The following municipalities should be classified as Area IV regardless of the above classification:
Fukushima Iwaki City, Hirono Town, Naraha Town, Tomioka Town, Okuma Town, Futaba Town
Tochigi
Utsunomiya City, Ashikaga Town, Tochigi Town, Sano Town, Kanuma Town, Oyama Town, Moka City, Sakura City
(limited to former Ujiie Town), Nasukarasuyama Town, Shimotsuke City, Kaminokawa Town, Kamikawachi Town,
Kawachi Town, Nishikata Town, Ninomiya Town, Masuko Town, Motegi Town, Ichikai Town, Haga Town, Mibu Town,
Nogi Town, Ohira Town, Fujioka Town, Iwafune Town, Tsuga Town, Takanezawa Town
Niigata
Niigata City, Nagaoka City (limited to former Nakanoshima Town, former Mishima Town, former Yoita Town, former
Washima Village, and former Teradomari Town), Sanjo City (excluding former Shitada Village), Kashiwazaki City
(excluding former Takayanagi Town), Shibata City, Mitsuke City, Murakami City, Tsubame City, Itoigawa City, Joetsu City
(limited to former Joetsu City, former Kakizaki Town, former Ogata Town, former Kubiki Village, former Yoshikawa Town,
former Sanwa Village, and former Nadachi Town), Agano City (limited to former Kyogase Village and former Sasakami
Village), Sado City, Tainai City, Seiro Town, Yahiko Village, Izumozaki Town, Kariwa Village, Arakawa Town,
Kamihayashi Village, Sanpoku Town, Awashimaura Village
NaganoSeinaiji Village, Ooshika Village
Miyazaki
Miyakonojo City (excluding former Yamanokuchi Town and former Takajo Town), Nobeoka City (limited to former Kitakata
Town), Kobayashi City, Ebino City, Takaharu Town, Nishimera Village, Morotsuka Village, Shiiba Village, Misato Town,
Takachiho Town, Hinokage Town, Gokase Town
Kagoshima Okuchi City, Soo City, Kirishima City (limited to former Yokogawa Town, former Makizono Town, and former KirishimaTown), Satsuma Town, Hishikari Town, Yusui Town
5. The following municipalities should be classified as Area V regardless of the above classification:
IbarakiKamisu City (limited to former Hasaki Town)
Chiba
Choshi CityTokyo
Oshima Town, Toshima Village, Niijima Village, Kozushima Village, Miyake Village, Mikurajima Village, Hachijo Town,
Aogashima Village, Ogasawara Village
Shizuoka
Atami City, Shimoda City, Omaezaki City, Kawazu Town, Minamiizu Town, Matsuzaki Town, Nishiizu Town (limited toformer Nishiizu Town)
Mie
Owase City, Kumano City (limited to former Kumano City), Mihama Town, Kiho Town
Wakayama Gobo City, Shingu City (limited to former Shingu City), Hirogawa Town, Mihama Town, Hidaka Town, Yura Town,
Shirahama Town, Susami Town, Kushimoto Town, Nachikatsuura Town, Taiji Town, Kozagawa Town
Yamaguchi Shimonoseki City (limited to former Shimonoseki City)
Tokushima Mugi Town, Minami Town, Kaiyo Town
Ehime
Uwajima Town (limited to former Tsushima Town), Ikata Town (excluding former Ikata Town), Ainan Town
Kochi
Kochi City (limited to former Kochi City), Muroto City, Aki City, Nankoku City, Tosa City, Susaki City, Sukumo City,
Tosashimizu City, Konan City, Toyo Town, Nahari Town, Tano Town, Yasuda Town, Kitagawa Village, Umaji Village,
Geisei Village, Haruno Town, Ino Town (limited to former Ino Town), Otsuki Town, Mihara Village, Kuroshio Town (limited
to former Ogata Town)
Fukuoka
Fukuoka City: Hakata-ku, Chuo-ku, Minami-ku, and Jonan-ku
NagasakiNagasaki City, Sasebo City, Shimabara City (limited to former Shimabara City), Hirato City, Goto City, Saikai City,
Minamishimabara City (excluding former Kazusa Town), Nagayo Town, Togitsu Town, Ojika Town, Emukae Town,
Shikamachi Town, Saza Town, Shinkamigoto Town
Kumamoto Yashiro City (limited to former Yashiro City, former Sencho Town, and former Kagami Town), Minamata City,
Kamiamakusa Town (excluding former Matsushima Town), Uki City (limited to former Misumi Town), Amakusa City
(excluding former Ariake Town and former Itsuwa Town), Ashikita Town, Tsunagi Town
Oita
Saiki City (limited to former Saiki City, former Tsurumi Town, former Yonouzu Village, and former Kamae Town)
Note: Classifications of cities (including special cities), towns, and villages shown in the above table are effective as of April 1, 2006.

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Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)(Reference 2) Appendix 2 of the "Judgment Criteria for Building Owners for Energy Efficiency Standards"
Appendix 2
Area classification
A
B
C
D

Prefectures (excluding Okinawa)
Hokkaido, Aomori, Akita, Yamagata, Niigata, Ishikawa
Iwate, Toyama, Fukui, Gifu, Shiga, Kyoto, Nara, Tottori, Shimane, Hiroshima
Miyagi, Fukushima, Nagano, Osaka, Hyogo, Okayama, Yamaguchi, Ehime, Fukuoka, Saga, Nagasaki
Ibaraki, Tochigi, Gunma, Saitama, Chiba, Tokyo, Kanagawa, Yamanashi, Aichi, Mie, Wakayama, Tokushima,
Kagawa, Kumamoto, Oita
E
Shizuoka, Kochi, Miyazaki, Kagoshima
1. The following municipalities should be classified as Area A regardless of the above classification:
Iwate
Hachimantai City (limited to former Ashiro Town), Kuzumaki Town, Nishiwaga Town
Fukushima Kitakata City (excluding former Kitakata City and former Shiokawa Town), Shimogo Town, Hinoemata Village, Tadami
Town, Minamiaizu Town, Kitashiobara Village, Nishiaizu Town, Yanaizu Town, Mishima Town, Kaneyama Town, Showa
Village, Aizumisato Town (limited to former Aizutakada Town)
ToyamaHimi City
ShimaneIinan Town, Misato Town (limited to former Daiwa Village)
2. The following municipalities should be classified as Area B regardless of the above classification:
Hokkaido
Sapporo City, Hakodate City, Muroran City, Kushiro City, Obihiro City, Kitami City (excluding former Rubeshibe Town),
Abashiri City, Tomakomai City, Nemuro City, Chitose City, Noboribetsu City, Eniwa City, Hokuto City (limited to former
Ono Town), Nanae Town, Shikabe Town, Mori Town, Naganuma Town, Bihoro Town, Tsubetsu Town, Ozora Town,
Koshimizu Town, Kunneppu Town, Oketo Town, Engaru Town (limited to former Engaru Town), Kamiyubetsu Town,
Yubetsu Town, Shiraoi Town, Atsuma Town, Abira Town, Mukawa Town, Hidaka Town (limited to former Monbetsu
Town), Biratori Town, Niikappu Town, Urakawa Town, Samani Town, Erimo Town, Shinhidaka Town, Otofuke Town,
Shihoro Town, Kamishihoro Town, Shikaoi Town, Shintoku Town, Shimizu Town, Memuro Town, Nakasatsunai Village,
Sarabetsu Village, Taiki Town, Hiroo Town, Makubetsu Town, Ikeda Town, Toyokoro Town, Honbetsu Town, Ashoro
Town, Rikubetsu Town, Urahoro Town, Kushiro Town, Akkeshi Town, Hamanaka Town, Shibecha Town, Teshikaga
Town, Tsurui Village, Shiranuka Town, Betsukai Town, Nakashibetsu Town, Shibetsu Town
Aomori
Hachinohe City, Towada City (limited to former Towada City), Misawa City, Shichinohe Town (limited to former
Shichinohe Town), Rokunohe Town, Tohoku Town (limited to former Kamikita Town), Rokkasho Village, Oirase Town,
Higashidoori Village, Sannohe Town, Gonohe Town, Takko Town, Nanbu Town, Hashikami Town, Shingo Village
MiyagiTome City (excluding former Tome Town, former Toyosato Town, former Yoneyama Town, and former Tsuyama Town),
Kurihara City, Osaki City (limited to former Iwadeyama Town and former Naruko Town), Zao Town, Shichikashuku Town,
Murata Town, Kawasaki Town, Taiwa Town, Tomiya Town, Ohira Village, Shikama Town, Kami Town
Yamagata
Yamagata City, Kaminoyama City, Tendo City, Higashine City, Yamanobe Town, Nakayama Town
Fukushima Fukushima City, Aizuwakamatsu City, Shirakawa City (limited to former Taishin Village), Sukagawa City (excluding former
Sukagawa City), Kitakata City (limited to former Kitakata City and former Shiokawa Town), Nihonmatsu City (excluding
former Iwashiro Town), Date City (limited to former Date Town and former Tsukidate Town), Koori Town, Kunimi Town,
Kawamata Town, Iino Town, Otama Village, Motomiya Town, Kagamiishi Town, Ten-ei Village, Bandai Town, Inawashiro
Town, Aizubange Town, Yugawa Village, Aizumisato Town (excluding former Aizutakada Town), Nishigo Village, Yabuki
Town, Iitate Village
Tochigi
Nikko City (limited to former Kuriyama Village and former Fujihara Town), Nasu Town
Gunma
Tsumagoi Village, Kusatsu Town, Katashina Village, Minakami Town (excluding former Tsukiyono Town)
Niigata
Itoigawa City (excluding former Nou Town), Myoko City, Joetsu City (limited to former Maki Village, former Nakago
Village, former Itakura Town, and former Kiyosato Village), Yuzawa Town, Tsunan Town
Ishikawa
Kanazawa City, Kaga City (limited to former Yamanaka Town), Kahoku City, Hakusan City (limited to former Matsuto Cityand former Shiramine Village), Nonoichi Town, Tsubata Town, Uchinada Town
NaganoNagano City, Matsumoto City (limited to former Nagawa Village and former Azumi Village), Suzaka City, Nakano City,
Omachi City, Iiyama City, Shiojiri City (limited to former Narakawa Village), Azumino City (limited to former Hotaka Town
and former Horigane Village), Seinaiji Village, Achi Village, Hiraya Village, Neba Village, Shimojo Village, Agematsu
Town, Nagiso Town, Kiso Town, Otaki Village, Ookuwa Village, Kiso Town, Ikusaka Village, Ikeda Town, Matsukawa
Village, Hakuba Village, Otari Village, Obuse Town, Takayama Village, Yamanouchi Town, Kishimadaira Village,
Nozawaonsen Village, Shinshushinmachi Town, Shinano Town, Ogawa Village, Nakajo Village, Iizuna Town, Sakae
Village
Gifu
Nakatsugawa City (limited to former Yamaguchi Village, Nagano Prefecture)
Aichi
Toyota City (limited to former Inabu Town)
Hyogo
Toyooka City, Yabu City, Tamba City (limited to former Hikami Town, former Aogaki Town, and former Ichijima Town),
Asago City, Shiso City, Taka Town (limited to former Kami Town), Kamikawa Town, Kami Town, Shinonsen Town
Wakayama Tanabe City (limited to former Ryujin Village), Kimino Town (limited to former Misato Town), Katsuragi Town (limited toformer Hanazono Village), Koya Town, Aridagawa Town (limited to former Shimizu Town), Hidakagawa Town (limited toformer Miyama Village)
OkayamaTsuyama City (excluding former Tsuyama City), Niimi City, Maniwa City, Mimasaka City (limited to former Katsuta Town,
former Ohara Town, and former Higashiawakura Village), Shinjo Village, Kagamino Town, Nagi Town, Nishiawakura
Village
Yamaguchi Hagi City, Nagato City, Abu Town, Ato Town
Tokushima Miyoshi City (excluding former Mino Town and former Yamashiro Town)
Ehime
Ozu City (limited to former Kawabe Village), Kumakogen Town, Tobe Town (limited to former Hirota Village), UchikoTown
3. The following municipalities should be classified as Area C regardless of the above classification:
Iwate
Miyako City (excluding former Niisato Village), Ofunato City (limited to former Ofunato City), Kuji City (limited to former
Kuji City), Rikuzentakata City, Yamada Town, Tanohata Village, Fudai Village, Noda Village
IbarakiIshioka City, Hitachiota City (limited to former Suifu Village and former Satomi Village), Hitachiomiya City (limited toformer Yamagata Town and former Miwa Village), Kasumigaura City (limited to former Chiyoda Town), Sakuragawa City
(limited to former Makabe Town), Daigo Town
Tochigi
Nikko City (excluding former Kuriyama Village and former Fujihara Town), Ohtawara City, Yaita City, Nasushiobara City,
Sakura City, Kamikawachi Town, Shioya Town, Nakagawa Town
Gunma
Takasaki City (limited to former Kurabuchi Village), Numata City, Shibukawa City (limited to former Akagi Village, former
Komochi Village, and former Onogami Village), Midori City (limited to former Azuma Village, Seta Gun), Ueno Village,
Kanna Town (limited to former Nakazato Village), Nakanojo Town, Naganohara Town, Kuni Village, Takayama Village,
Higashiagatsuma Town, Kawaba Village, Showa Village, Minakami Town (limited to former Tsukiyono Town)
SaitamaChichibu City (limited to former Otaki Village), Ogano Town, Kamikawa Town (limited to former Kamiizumi Village)
Yamanashi Kofu City (limited to former Kamikuishiki Village), Fujiyoshida City, Yamanashi City (limited to former Mitomi Village),
Hokuto City (limited to former Takane Town, former Nagasaka Town, and former Oizumi Village), Ashigawa Village,
Ichikawamisato Town (limited to former Mitama Town), Oshino Village, Yamanakako Village, Narusawa Village,
Fujikawaguchiko Village (limited to former Kamikuishiki Village and former Ashiwada Village)
Gifu
Ogaki City (limited to former Kamiishizu Town), Tajimi City, Seki City (excluding former Horado Village and former Itadori
Village), Nakatsugawa City (limited to former Nakatsugawa City and former Nijikawa Village), Mino City, Mizunami City,

3

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Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

Ena City (excluding former Kushihara Village and former Kamiyahagi Town), Minokamo City, Toki City, Kani City,
Yamagata City (excluding former Miyama Town), Motosu City (limited to former Motosu Town), Gujo City (limited toformer Minami Village), Gero City (limited to former Kanayama Town), Kaizu City (limited to former Nannou Town), Yoro
Town, Tarui Town, Sekigahara Town, Godo Town, Ibigawa Town (limited to former Ibigawa Town, former Tanigumi
Village, and former Kasuga Village), Ono Town, Ikeda Town, Sakahogi Town, Tomika Town, Kawabe Town, Hichiso
Town, Yaotsu Town, Shirakawa Town, Mitake Town
Shizuoka
Oyama Town
Aichi
Kasugai City, Toyota City (excluding former Toyota City and former Inabu Town), Inuyama City, Komaki City, Oguchi
Town, Fuso Town, Shitara Town, Toei Town, Toyone Village
Mie
Tsu City (limited to former Geino Town, former Hakusan Town, and former Misugi Village), Matsusaka City (limited toformer Iinan Town and former Iitaka), Nabari City, Kameyama City, Inabe City, Iga City, Toin Town, Komono Town
Kyoto
Kyoto City (limited to former Kyoto City), Uji City, Kameoka City, Joyo City, Muko City, Nagaokakyo City, Yawata City,
Kyotanabe City, Oyamazaki Town, Kumiyama Town, Ide Town, Ujitawara Town, Yamashiro Town, Kizu Town, Kamo
Town, Kasagi Town, Wazuka Town, Seika Town, Minamiyamashiro Village
Shiga
Otsu City, Omihachiman City, Kusatsu City, Moriyama City, Ritto City, Koka City (limited to former Minakuchi Town), Yasu
City, Konan City, Higashiomi City (excluding former Aito Town and former Koto Town), Azuchi Town, Ryuoh Town, Aisho
Town (limited to former Echigawa Town), Taga Town
Nara
Nara City (limited to former Nara City), Gojo City (limited to former Gojo City), Gose City, Ikoma City, Kashiba City,
Katsuragi City, Heguri Town, Sango Town, Soni Village, Mitsue Village, Shimokitayama Village, Kamikitayama Village,
Kawakami Village, Higashiyoshino Village
Wakayama Kainan City (limited to former Kainan City), Hashimoto City, Tanabe City (limited to former Hongu Town), Kinokawa City,
Kimino Town (limited to former Nokami Town), Iwade Town, Katsuragi Town (limited to former Katsuragi Town),
Kudoyama Town, Aridagawa Town (limited to former Kanaya Town), Hidakagawa Town (limited to former Nakatsu
Village)
Hiroshima
Hiroshima City (limited to former Hiroshima City), Takehara City, Mihara City, Onomichi City (excluding former Innoshima
City and former Setoda Town), Fukuyama City, Fuchu City (limited to former Fuchu City), Otake City, Higashihiroshima
City (excluding former Kurose Town), Hatsukaichi City (limited to former Hatsukaichi City and former Ono Town),
Akitakata City (limited to former Yachiyo Town and former Mukaihara Town), Fuchu Town
Tokushima Yoshinogawa City (excluding former Kamojima Town), Awa City (limited to former Ichiba Town and former Awa Town),
Mima City, Miyoshi City (limited to former Mino Town and Yamashiro Town), Tsurugi Town, Higashimiyoshi Town
KagawaTakamatsu City (limited to former Shionoe Town, former Kagawa Town, and former Konan Town), Marugame City
(limited to former Ayauta Town), Kannonji City, Mitoyoshi City (excluding former Mino Town, former Takuma Town, andformer Nio Town), Ayagawa Town, Kotohira Town, Manno Town
Kochi
Motoyama Town, Otoyo Town, Tosa Town, Okawa Village, Ino Town (excluding former Ino Town), Niyodogawa Town,
Ochi Town, Yusuhara Town, Tsuno Town (limited to former Higashitsuno Village)
Kumamoto Yatsushiro City (limited to former Izumi Village), Kikuchi City (limited to former Kyokushi Village), Aso City, Misato Town
(limited to former Tomochi Town), Ozu Town, Minamioguni Town, Oguni Town, Ubuyama Village, Takamori Town,
Nishihara Village, Minamiaso Village, Mifune Town, Mashiki Town, Yamato Town, Mizukami Village
Oita
Nakatsu City (excluding former Nakatsu City), Hita City, Taketa City (limited to former Kuju Town), Usa City (excluding
former Usa City), Yufu City (excluding former Hasama Town), Kokonoe Town, Kusu Town
Miyazaki
Gokase Town
4. The following municipalities should be classified as Area D regardless of the above classification:
Gifu
Gifu City, Ogaki City (excluding former Kamiishizu Town), Hashima City, Kakamigahara City, Mizuho City, Motosu City
(limited to former Shinsei Town and former Itonuki Town), Kaizu City (excluding former Nannou Town), Ginan Town,
Kasamatsu Town, Wanouchi Town, Anpachi Town, Kitagata Town
ShizuokaHamamatsu City (limited to former Tatsuyama Village, former Sakuma Town, former Misakubo Town, and former Inasa
Town), Fujinomiya City, Gotemba City, Susono City, Shibakawa Town, Kawane Town, Kawanehoncho, Haruno Town
Osaka
Osaka City, Sakai City, Takaishi City, Tajiri Town
Hyogo
Kobe City, Himeji City (limited to former Ieshima Town), Amagasaki City, Akashi City, Nishinomiya City, Sumoto City,
Ashiya City, Minamiawaji City, Awaji City, Harima Town
OkayamaOkayama City (excluding former Mitsu Town), Kurashiki City, Tamano City, Kasaoka City, Soja City (excluding former
Soja City), Asakuchi City, Hayashima Town, Satosho Town
Hiroshima
Kure City, Onomichi City (limited to former Innoshima City and former Setoda Town), Higashihiroshima City (limited toformer Kurose Town), Hatsukaichi City (limited to former Miyajima Town), Etajima City, Kaita Town, Kumano Town, Saka
Town, Osakikamijima Town
Yamaguchi Hofu City, Kudamatsu City, Iwakuni City (limited to former Iwakuni City and former Yuu Town), Hikari City, Yanai City,
Suo-Oshima Town, Waki Town, Kaminoseki Town, Tabuse Town, Hirao Town
Ehime
Matsuyama City, Imabari City, Uwajima City (limited to former Tsushima Town), Kamijima Town, Masaki Town, Ikata
Town (limited to former Misaki Town), Ainan Town
Kochi
Kochi City (excluding to former Kochi City), Shimanto City (limited to former Nishitosa Village), Kami City, Kitagawa
Village, Umaji Village, Ino Town (limited to former Ino Town), Nakatosa Town (limited to former Onomi Village), Sakawa
Town, Hidaka Village, Tsuno Town (limited to former Hayama Village), Shimanto Town
Fukuoka
Omuta City, Kurume City (limited to former Jojima Town and former Mizuma Town), Yanagawa City, Chikugo City, Okawa
City, Oki Town, Setaka Town, Yamakawa Town, Takata Town
Saga
Saga City (limited to former Saga City and former Morodomi Town), Ogi City (limited to former Ashikari Town), Kanzaki
City (limited to former Chiyoda Town), Kawasoe Town, Higashiyoka Town, Kubota Town, Tara Town
NagasakiNagasaki City, Sasebo City (limited to former Sasebo City), Shimabara City, Isahaya City (limited to former Tarami Town
and former Konagai Town), Tsushima City, Saikai City (excluding former Seihi Town), Unzen City (limited to former
Kunimi Town, former Mizuho Town, and former Minamikushiyama Town), Minamishimabara City (excluding Arie Town,
former Futsu Town, and former Fukae Town), Nagayo Town, Togitsu Town
MiyazakiEbino City, Nishimera Village, Morotsuka Village, Shiiba Village, Misato Town (limited to former Nango Village),Takachiho Town, Hinokage Town
Kagoshima Akune City, Izumi City, Okuchi City, Satsumasendai City, Hioki City (excluding former Ijuin Town), Kirishima City,
Ichikikushikino City, Minamisatsuma City (excluding former Bonotsu Town), Kawanabe Town, Satsuma Town, Nagashima
Town, Hishikari Town, Kajiki Town, Aira Town, Kamou Town, Yusui Town
5. The following municipalities should be classified as Area E regardless of the above classification:
Tokyo
Hachijo Town, Aogashima Village, Ogasawara Village
Kanagawa
Yokohama City, Yokosuka City, Miura City, Hayama Town
Aichi
Toyohashi City, Tahara City
Mie
Ise City (limited to former Ise City and former Futami Town), Owase City, Toba City, Kumano City (limited to former
Kumano City), Shima City, Taiki Town (excluding former Omiya Town), Minamiise Town, Kihoku Town, Mihama Town,
Kiho Town
Wakayama Shingu City (limited to former Shingu City), Shirahama Town, Kamitonda Town, Susami Town, Nachikatsuura Town, Taiji
Town, Kushimoto Town
Tokushima Anan City (limited to former Anan City), Naka Town (limited to former Wajiki Town and former Aioi Town), Mugi Town,
Minami Town, Kaiyo Town
Oita
Saiki City (limited to former Saiki City, former Tsurumi Town, former Yonouzu Village and former Kamae Town)

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Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)(Reference 3) Extract from the "Basic Policy for the Promotion of Procurement of Eco-Friendly Goods
and Services" (determined by the Cabinet after partial revision on February 2, 2007)
17. Public Works(1) Items and Evaluation Criteria
Public Works

Evaluation Criteria:
Contracts with participants, vendors, and contractors building public works shall require the useof materials, construction machines, processes, and targets listed in Table 1 that reduce theenvironmental load of the public works project.

Note: It is preferable to implement obligatory clauses within the overall framework that considers reduction of theenvironmental load.

(2) Establishment of Targets
It has been decided that the method of establishing targets will be studied when advancing future studies on
how to identify results, etc.
Table 1 Materials, construction machines, construction methods, and items
Designatedprocurement Category
item
Public works Materials

Item
Item type

Filling materials, etc.

Item nameTreated soil recycled from construction sludge
Granulated blast-furnace slag for earth work
Caisson filler using copper slag
Caisson filler using ferronickel slag

Ground improvement
Steel slag for ground improvement
materials
Blast-furnace slag aggregate
Slag aggregates used Ferronickel slag aggregate
for concrete
Copper slag aggregate
Electric furnace oxidizing slag aggregate
Recycled heated asphalt compound
Asphalt compounds
Asphalt compound with steel slag
Recycled aggregate, etc.
Roadbed materials
Roadbed material with steel slag
Small-diameter logs
Timber obtained from thinning
Blast-furnace cement
Blended cements
Fly-ash cement
CementEco-cement
Concrete andWater-permeable concrete
concrete products
Spray-on concrete
Spray-on concrete with fly-ash
Base-coating paint (anticorrosive)
PaintsWater-based road paint using low-volatility organic
solvent
Pavement blocks using recycled material (fired)
Pavement materials
Pavement block products using recycled material(precast unreinforced-concrete products)
Bark compost
Gardening materials Fermented compost using sewage sludge (sewage
sludge compost)
Road illuminations
Environmentally friendly road illuminations
Tiles
Porcelain tiles
Doors and windows
Heat-insulating sashes and doors
TimberGlued laminated wood
Timber, etc.
Plywood
Laminated veneer wood
Flooring
Flooring
Particleboard
Recycled wooden
Fiberboard
boardsWood-type cement board
Vinyl floor coverings Vinyl floor covering

3

188

Evaluation
criterion foreach item
Table 2

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

Insulation
Lighting fixtures
Air-conditioning units

Plumbing materials
Sanitary fixtures

Insulation
Lighting control system
Cold- and hot-water absorption units
Ice thermal storage air-conditioning units
Gas engine heat pump air-conditioning units
Recycled rigid vinyl chloride drain/ventilation pipe
Automatic-shutoff faucets
Automatic flushing system, and urinals equipped with
automatic flushing system
Flushing toilets
Low-emission construction machines
Low-noise construction machines

Construction
machines
Construction Effective usage of soil
resulting frommethods
Effective usage of low-quality soil
construction
Recycling treatment
Recycling treatment of construction sludgeof construction sludge
Recycling treatment
Recycling treatment of concrete massesof concrete masses
Pavement (roadbed) Roadbed recycling method
Sloping surface
Sloping surface greening method using wood offcuts
greening method
or soil generated from construction process
Objective
Drainage pavement
Pavingitems
Permeable pavement
Greening of rooftops Greening of rooftops

Table 3
Table 4

Table 5

Table 2 (Materials)
Item typeBanking
materials, etc.

Item nameEvaluation criteria, etc.
Treated soil
Evaluation criterion
recycled from
Must be treated soil recycled from construction sludge.
construction sludge
Granulated blastEvaluation criterion
furnace slag for
Earthworks material using blast-furnace slag that can replace part or all of natural
earth work
sand (sea sand and land sand), natural gravel, crushed sand, or crushed stone.
Caisson filler using Evaluation criterion
copper slag
Caisson filler using copper slag that can replace part or all of natural sand (seasand and land sand), natural gravel, crushed sand, or crushed stone.
Caisson filler using Evaluation criterion
ferronickel slag
Caisson filler using ferronickel slag that can replace part or all of natural sand(sea sand and land sand), natural gravel, crushed sand, or crushed stone.
GroundSteel slag for
Evaluation criterion
improvement
groundSteel slag that can completely replace natural sand (sea sand and land sand)materials
improvement
using the sand compaction pile method.
Asphalt
Recycled heated
Evaluation criterion
compounds
asphalt compound Includes aggregate manufactured from asphalt concrete masses.
Asphalt compound Evaluation criterionwith steel slag
Steel slag for roads is used as aggregate for heated asphalt compound.
Slag
Blast-furnace slag Evaluation criterion
aggregates for aggregate
Aggregate using blast-furnace slag that can replace part or all of natural sandconcrete(sea sand and land sand), natural gravel, crushed sand, or crushed stone.
Ferronickel slag
Evaluation criterion
aggregate
Aggregate using ferronickel slag that can replace part or all of natural sand (seasand and land sand), natural gravel, crushed sand, or crushed stone.
Copper slag
Evaluation criterion
aggregate
Aggregate using copper slag that can replace part or all of natural sand (seasand and land sand), natural gravel, crushed sand, or crushed stone.
Electric arc furnace Evaluation criterion
oxidizing slag
Aggregate using electric furnace oxidizing slag that can replace part or all of
aggregate
natural sand (sea sand and land sand), natural gravel, crushed sand, or crushedstone.
RoadbedRecycled
Evaluation criterion
materials
aggregate, etc.
Includes aggregate manufactured from asphalt concrete masses or concrete
masses.

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Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Roadbed material
with steel slag
Small-diameter Timber obtained
logsfrom thinning

Evaluation criterion
Steel slag for roads is used for roadbed material.
Evaluation criterion
Timber obtained from thinning that does not contain harmful decay or cracks isused.
BlendedBlast-furnace
Evaluation criterion
cements
cementBlast-furnace cement whose raw material contains more than 30% blast-furnaceslag.
Fly-ash cement
Evaluation criterion
Fly-ash cement whose raw material contains more than 10% fly-ash.
CementEco-cement
Evaluation criterion
Cement that uses ash from incineration of city waste, etc. as the main ingredient.
The cement must contain no less than 500 kg in dry weight of such wastematerial per 1 tonne of final product.
Note: Eco-cement is to be used for concrete structures and concrete products that do not require high strength.
Concrete and Water-permeable
Evaluation criterion
concreteconcrete
Water permeability of the concrete exceeds 1 x 10-2 cm/sec.
products
Note: Eco-cement is to be used for concrete structures and concrete products that do not require high strength.
Spray-onconcrete
PaintsPavementmaterials

Spray-on concretewith fly-ash
Base-coating paint(anticorrosive)
Water-based road
paint using lowvolatility organic
solvent
Pavement blocks
using recycledmaterial (fired)3

Evaluation criterion
Spray-on concrete that includes at least 100 kg per 1 m3 fly-ash in its admixture.
Evaluation criterion
Does not contain pigment using lead or chrome.
Evaluation criterion
Water-based road paint that contains no more than 5% of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) (ratio of volatile solvent to total volume of paint).
Evaluation criteria(1) Made using recycled material (materials such as those in the left-handcolumn of the table below, and preprocessed where indicated in the right-handcolumn) as the raw material, and fired.
(2) Must contain 20% or more recycled material by weight (total weight whenusing multiple materials). The recycled material may not include scraps from thesame factory that is usually used.
Considerations
Must conform with the regulations for soil contamination in terms of toxic heavy
metals contained or posing a risk of release during construction or by rain, etc.
Table
Category of source material used as recycledmaterial
Quarry or kiln waste
Inorganic silica sandSteel slag
Nonferrous slag
Foundry sandPottery shards
Coal ash
Building material waste
Waste glass
Paper sludge
Aluminum sludge
Polishing sand sludge
Stone chips
Municipal waste ash
Sewage sludge
Waterworks sludge
Sludge from lakes, etc.

Pavement block
products using
recycled material

190

Preprocessing method
No preprocessing required

Converted to liquid slag
Converted to ash or liquid slag
No preprocessing required

Evaluation criteria(1) Made using recycled material (materials such as those in the left-handcolumn of the table below, and preprocessed where indicated in the right-handPart III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents(precast
column) as the raw material.
unreinforced(2) Must contain 20% or more recycled material by weight (total weight whenconcrete products) using multiple materials). In cases where it is necessary to increase the ratio of
aggregates in order to maintain water permeability, the material must contain
15% or more recycled material by weight. The recycled material may not include
scraps from the same factory that is usually used.
Considerations
Must conform with the regulations for soil contamination in terms of toxic heavy
metals contained or posing a risk of release during construction or by rain, etc.
Table
Category of source material used as recycled Preprocessing method
material
Converted to liquid slag
Municipal waste ash
Sewage sludge
Gardeningmaterials

Bark compost

Evaluation criteria
Meets the following criteria:- Percentage of organic material (dry): not less than 70%- Carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio): not more than 35- Cation exchange capacity (CEC) (dry): not less than 70 meq/100 g- pH: 5.5 to 7.5- Water content: 55 to 65%- Result of young plant test: no abnormalities including growth inhibition recognized- Nitrogen (N) content (actual): not less than 0.5%
- Phosphoric acid (P2O5) content (actual): not less than 0.2%
- Potassium (K2O) content (actual): not less than 0.1%
Fermented
Evaluation criteria
compost using(1) The percentages of hazardous chemicals contained in the product do not
sewage sludge
exceed the following:
0.005%(sewage sludge
Arsenic
compost)Cadmium 0.0005%
0.0002%
Mercury
0.03%
Nickel0.05%
Chrome0.01%
Lead(2) Other restrictions:a. The raw material used must meet the standards listed in Appendix 1 of theOrdinance Setting Judgment Criteria for Industrial Waste Containing Metal(Ordinance No. 5 of February 27, 1973, by the Prime Minister's Office).
b. No damage is detected in plant hazard testing.
c. Percentage of organic material (dry):not less than 35%
d. Carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio):
not more than 20e. pH:
not more than 8.5
f. Water content:
not more than 50%
g. Nitrogen (N) content (actual):
not less than 0.8%h. Phosphoric acid (P205) content (actual): not less than 1.0%
i. Alkaline content (actual):
not more than 15% (This does not
apply when used for the purpose ofcorrecting the acidity of the soil.)
Note: Fermented compost using sewage sludge includes compost used as a soil conditioner.
Road
illuminations

Environmentallyfriendly road
illuminations

Evaluation criterion
Road illumination equipment utilizing high-pressure sodium lamps, whose
electricity consumption is more than 45% lower than illumination equipment using
mercury lamps.
Considerations
The appropriate light source is to be selected taking into consideration the color
appearance and color rendition desired for the site where the equipment is to be
used.

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Part III
Tiles

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)
Porcelain tiles

Evaluation criteria(1) Made using recycled material (materials such as those in the left-handcolumn of the table below, and preprocessed where indicated in the right-handcolumn) as the raw material.
(2) Must contain 20% or more recycled material by weight (total weight whenusing multiple materials). The recycled material may not include scraps from thesame factory that is usually used.
Considerations
Must conform with regulations for soil contamination in terms of toxic heavy
metals contained or posing a risk of release during construction or by rain, etc.
Table
Category of source material used as recycledmaterial
Quarry or kiln waste
Inorganic silica sandSteel slag
Nonferrous slag
Foundry sandPottery shards
Coal ash
Waste plastic
Building material waste
Waste rubber
Waste glass
Paper sludge
Aluminum sludge
Polishing sand sludge
Stone chips
Municipal waste ash
Sewage sludge
Waterworks sludge
Sludge from lakes, etc.

3
Doors andwindows

Heat-insulatingsashes and doors

Timber, etc.

TimberGlued laminatedwood
Plywood
Laminated veneer
wood

192

Preprocessing Method
No preprocessing required

Converted to liquid slag
Converted to ash or liquid slag
No preprocessing required

Evaluation criteria
Doors and windows that prevent loss of heat, while meeting any of the following
criteria:- Sashes using multi-glazed glass- Double sashes- Doors using insulation material or other effective method of insulation
Evaluation criteria(1) The timber must be obtained from thinning, leftover forest wood, or smalldiameter logs.
(2) For cases other than (1), the timber used must comply with the regulations
concerning forestry in its country of origin.
Considerations
Timber used as the raw material (with the exception of timber obtained fromthinning, leftover forest wood, and small-diameter logs) must be obtained from aforest under sustainable management.
Evaluation criteria(1) Must contain 10% or more by volume of timber obtained from thinning;
leftover wood blocks from plywood and wood processing factories, etc.; leftover
forest wood; or small-diameter logs. Timber other than that described above mustcomply with the regulations concerning forestry in its country of origin.
(2) For cases other than (1), timber used (with the exception of timber obtained
from thinning; wood blocks from plywood and wood processing factories, etc.;
leftover forest wood; and small-diameter logs) must comply with the regulations
concerning forestry in its country of origin.
(3) For material used in living space interiors, the average formaldehyde
discharge must not exceed 0.3 mg/L and the maximum discharge must notexceed 0.4 mg/L.

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

Considerations
Timber other than timber obtained from thinning, leftover wood blocks fromplywood and wood processing factories, etc., leftover forest wood, and smalldiameter logs must be obtained from a forest under sustainable management.
Note: 1. “Timber,” “glued laminated wood,” “plywood,” and “laminated veneer wood” under consideration in theevaluation criteria of this section (referred to as “Timber, etc.”) are those for use in carpentry in buildings.
2. Evaluation criterion (2) for “Timber, etc.” is applicable only in cases where restrictions exist in terms of either
function or supply and demand.
3. The measurement of formaldehyde discharge should be performed in accordance with the Japan AgriculturalStandards (JAS).
4. Confirmation of the legality and sustainability of forests from which pulpwood for the production of wood andpaper originates is to be conducted in accordance with the Forest Agency’s Guidelines for Verification of Legality
and Sustainability of Wood and Wood Products (February 15, 2006). In cases where the contract between the
lumber company and the processing and distributing companies was concluded prior to April 1, 2006, proof thatthe timber is legal in accordance with the Guidelines mentioned above is not necessary, on condition that the
party handling the timber and products concerned provides documentary evidence that the said contract was
concluded prior to April 1, 2006.
Flooring

Flooring

Evaluation criteria(1) Timber obtained from thinning; leftover wood blocks from plywood and woodprocessing factories, etc.; leftover forest wood; or small-diameter logs must be
used. Timber other than that described above must comply with the regulations
concerning forestry in its country of origin.
(2) For cases other than (1), the timber used must comply with the regulations
concerning forestry in its country of origin.
(3) For material used in living space interiors, the average formaldehyde
discharge must not exceed 0.3 mg/L and the maximum discharge must notexceed 0.4 mg/L.

Considerations
Timber other than that obtained from thinning, leftover wood blocks from plywood
and wood processing factories, etc., leftover forest wood, and small-diameterlogs must be obtained from a forest that is under sustainable management.
Note: 1. “Flooring” under consideration in the evaluation criteria of this section is that for use in carpentry in buildings.
2. Evaluation criterion (2) is applicable only in cases where restrictions exist in terms of either function or supply
and demand.
3. The measurement of formaldehyde discharge should be performed in accordance with the Japan AgriculturalStandards (JAS).
4. Confirmation of the legality and sustainability of forests from which pulpwood for the production of wood andpaper originates is to be conducted in accordance with the Forest Agency’s Guidelines for Verification of Legality
and Sustainability of Wood and Wood Products (February 15, 2006). In cases where the contract between the
lumber company and the processing and distributing companies was concluded prior to April 1, 2006, proof thatthe timber is legal in accordance with the Guidelines mentioned above is not necessary, on condition that the
party handling the timber and products concerned provides documentary evidence that the said contract was
concluded prior to April 1, 2006.
RecycledwoodenboardsParticle board

Evaluation criteria(1) At least 50% (by weight) of the material consists of plant fibers or wooden
Fiberboard
materials from recycled sources, such as leftover wood blocks from plywood andwood-processing factories, wood recovered from dismantled structures, used
Wood-type cement crates, unused low-quality chips from paper manufacturing, leftover forest wood,board
shrubs, and small-diameter logs (including timber obtained from thinning). The
weight of glue, admixture, etc. (used to hold together wood compounds, such as
phenol adhesives used in particleboard, and cement used in wood-based cement
board) may be omitted from the 50% by weight calculation, on condition thatthese agents make up no more than 20% of the total volume of the compoundmaterial under consideration.
(2) Wood materials other than recycled resources of leftover wood blocks fromplywood and wood-processing factories, wood recovered from dismantled
structures, used crates, unused low-quality chips from paper manufacturing,leftover forest wood, shrubs, and small-diameter logs (including timber obtained
from thinning) must comply with the regulations concerning forestry in theircountry of origin.

193

Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)(3) For material used in living space interiors, the average formaldehyde
discharge must not exceed 0.3 mg/L and the maximum discharge must notexceed 0.4 mg/L.

Considerations
Wood materials other than recycled resources of leftover wood blocks fromplywood and wood-processing factories, wood recovered from dismantled
structures, used crates, unused low-quality chips from paper manufacturing,leftover forest wood, shrubs, and small-diameter logs (including timber obtained
from thinning) must be obtained from a forest under sustainable management.
Note: 1. The measurement of formaldehyde discharge should be performed in accordance with Japan Industrial
Standards (JIS) A1460.
2. Confirmation of the legality and sustainability of forests from which pulpwood for the production of wood andpaper originates is to be conducted in accordance with the Forest Agency’s Guidelines for Verification of Legality
and Sustainability of Wood and Wood Products (February 15, 2006). In cases where the contract between the
lumber company and the processing and distributing companies was concluded prior to April 1, 2006, proof thatthe timber is legal in accordance with the Guidelines mentioned above is not necessary, on condition that the
party handling the timber and products concerned provides documentary evidence that the said contract was
concluded prior to April 1, 2006.
Insulation

Insulation

3

Lighting
fixtures

Lighting control
systemTransformers

Transformer

Evaluation criteria
Material that prevents loss of heat through the outer walls of buildings, and meetsthe following criteria:(1) Does not use material harmful to the ozone layer.
(2) Does not use hydrofluorocarbons (chlorofluorocarbon substitutes).
(3) Uses recycled material, or can be recycled after use.
(4) Recycled material used to manufacture glass wool and rock wool, or its byproducts, must meet the following criteria:- Glass wool: Recycled material amounts to not less than 80% by weight of the
raw material.
- Rock wool: Recycled material amounts to not less than 85% by weight of the
raw material.
Considerations
Insulation material made of plastic foam must maintain long-term insulation
performance and use a material that has the smallest possible global warming
potential.
Evaluation criterion
Composed of high-frequency fluorescent lighting equipment capable ofcontinuous lighting and a lighting control system that controls the equipment. It
must possess functions for the control and correction of initial luminance and thecontrol of natural light.
Evaluation criterion
Energy consumption efficiency must not exceed the value determined by theappropriate formula for each category.
Considerations
The load factor during actual operation is to be taken into consideration.

194

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents(Reference 4) "Standard Model House" for Life Cycle CO2 Assessment
The conditions set for the "standard model house" used for CO2 assessment in the "Construction" and "Repair,Renewal, and Demolition" stages are described below.
Outline:Size: 2 stories above groundTotal floor area: 125.86 m2 (62.93 m2 for each floor)
Type of construction: Three types (wooden, steel, and reinforced concrete) are assumed.
Type of construction
Wood (timber framework)

Information

Page number

Plan

196

Elevation

197

Detailed sectional drawing

198

Specifications

199

Plan

200

Elevation

201

Detailed sectional drawing

202

Specifications

203

Reinforced concrete

Plan

204

(box-frame-type construction)

Elevation

205

Detailed sectional drawing

206

Specifications

207

Steel (heavy-steel rigid frame)

195

Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Wood:

Plan (wood)

3

196

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

Elevation (wood)

197

Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Roof Specifications:Japanese tile roofing: Slope: 5.0 sun (approx. 15.15 cm)
Asphalt roofing: 22 kg
Sheathing roof board (structural plywood): t = 9
Roof rafter: 45 x 60 @ 455
Roof purlin: 105 x 105
Ridge beam: 105 x 120
Vertical strut: 105 x 105
Transverse and longitudinal braces: 90 x 18 Angle brace: 90 x 90
Corner rafter: 45 x 90 Tie and cross beams (laminated wood)
Other accessory hardware
Bottom of roof in plenum: glass wool, t = 100 laid

Exterior Wall Specifications:“Moen” fireproof siding (12 mm thick), painted
Structural plywood only for X grid, 1F, t = 9
Waterproof plywood for the remainder, t = 9
Vertical furring strips on waterproof sheet, 15 x 45 @ 450
Glass wool, t = 100
Brace: 45 x 90

3

Underfloor Specifications:Sill: laminated wood, 105 x 105 (with preservative treatment)
Sleeper: laminated wood, 105 x 105 (with preservative treatment)
Floor posts: plastic posts @ 910
Anchor bolts: 13 dia., L = 360 @ 2,000
Underfloor thermal insulation: extruded polystyrene foam, t = 25
(under tatami), t = 40 (wooden flooring room)
Underfloor ventilation opening: foundation packing
Underfloor inspection opening: 500 x 290
Preservative and anti-termite treatment: up to GL + 1,000

Detailed sectional drawing (wood)198

Roofing material
Backing material for roofing
Roof groundwork
Rainwater gutters
Thermal insulation
Exterior wall material
Backing for exterior wallmaterial
Interior material
Thermal insulation
Aluminum sashes

Floor
Porcelain tiles, 100 x 100

Composite panel, t = 9

Storage

Lavatory

MasterbedroomWestern-style
room 1
Western-style
room 2
Spare room

BathroomHall

Lavatory

Washroom

Styrofoam-core tatami, t = 55
(structural plywood, t = 28 subflooring)
Bottom board: zelkova laminatedwood, t = 5(structural plywood, t = 28 subflooring)
Floor plywood, t = 12
(structural plywood, t = 28 subflooring)
Floor plywood, t = 12
(structural plywood, t = 28 subflooring)
Unit bath (1616)
Floor plywood, t = 12
(structural plywood, t = 28 subflooring)
Floor plywood, t = 12
(structural plywood, t = 28 subflooring)
Floor plywood, t = 12
(structural plywood, t = 28 subflooring)
Floor plywood, t = 12
(structural plywood, t = 28 subflooring)
Floor plywood, t = 12
(structural plywood, t = 28 subflooring)
Floor plywood, t = 12
(structural plywood, t = 28 subflooring)
KSA Coordinate Series

Japanese-styleroom
AlcoveSystem material, H = 60 PB for sheathing, t = 12.5; vinyl PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
PVC trim
wallpaper
wallpaper
System material, H = 60 PB for sheathing, t = 12.5; vinyl PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
PVC trim
wallpaper
wallpaper
System material, H = 60 PB for sheathing, t = 12.5; vinyl PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
PVC trim
wallpaper
wallpaper
System material, H = 60 PB for sheathing, t = 12.5; vinyl PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
PVC trim
wallpaper
wallpaper
System material, H = 60 PB for sheathing, t = 12.5; vinyl PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
PVC trim
wallpaper
wallpaper
System material, H = 60 Waterproof PB for sheathing, t = Waterproof PB for sheathing, t = PVC trim
12.5; vinyl wallpaper (anti-mold) 9.5; vinyl wallpaper (anti-mold)
PB for sheathing, t = 12.5; vinyl PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
PVC trim
wallpaper
wallpaper
Lauan veneer, t = 5.5
Lauan veneer, t = 4.0
Western hemlock

System material, H = 60 Waterproof PB for sheathing, t = Waterproof PB for sheathing, t = PVC trim
12.5; vinyl wallpaper (anti-mold) 9.5; vinyl wallpaper (anti-mold)
System material, H = 60 Waterproof PB for sheathing, t = Waterproof PB for sheathing, t = PVC trim
12.5; vinyl wallpaper (anti-mold) 9.5; vinyl wallpaper (anti-mold)

Remarks

Pipe fan

Pipe fan

Ventilationfan, 25 cm

Facilities

Ready-made PVC productunless otherwise specified
Ready-made PVC product Storage (middle shelf, upper shelf);
unless otherwise specified curtain rails (double)
Ready-made PVC product Storage (middle shelf, upper shelf);
unless otherwise specified curtain rails (double)
Ready-made PVC product Storage (middle shelf, upper shelf);
unless otherwise specified curtain rails (double)
Ready-made PVC product Curtain rails (double)
unless otherwise specified
Ready-made PVC product Warmed toilet seat; towel hanger; Pipe fanunless otherwise specified toilet paper holder
Ready-made PVC productunless otherwise specified

Ready-made PVC product Wash counter, L = 1,650;
unless otherwise specified towel hanger; faucet for washing
Ready-made PVC product Warmed toilet seat; towel hanger;
unless otherwise specified toilet paper holder

Inner shoji screens; storage(middle shelf, upper shelf)

Ready-made PVC productunless otherwise specified
Ready-made PVC product Curtain rails (double)
unless otherwise specified
Ready-made PVC product System kitchen L = 2,700
unless otherwise specified

FinishReady-made PVC productunless otherwise specified

Laminated wood, 105 x 105 (with preservative treatment)
Laminated wood, 105 x 105 (with preservative treatment)
Plastic posts, @ 910
Extruded polystyrene foam (40 mm thick), under tatami (2.5 mm thick)Head jamb and doorsill (cypress laminated wood)

OthersAnti-termite treatment (5-year guarantee) (GL + 1000 mm spraying), soil treatment included
Laminated wood (120 x 120)
Laminated wood (105 x 105)
Floor beam, laminated wood
Waterproof plasterboard (9.5 mm)
Plasterboard (9.5 mm)
Waterproof plasterboard (12.5 mm)
Plasterboard (12.5 mm)
Decorated opening frame (decorated sheet)

Cypress laminated Cypress laminated wood
wood
Cypress laminated Cypress laminated wood
wood

PVC trim

PVC trim

PVC trim

Crown moldings
PVC trim

Anti-termite 1F underfloor
Through pillar
structure
Jointed pillar
GirthWashroom, lavatory
Ceilings
OthersWashroom, lavatory
Partitions
OthersWestern-style room opening
frame
Japanese-style room opening
frame
Sills
Floor
Sleepers
Floor posts
1F floor thermal insulation

Baseboard
Wall
Ceiling
Porcelain tiles,
Plasterboard (PB) for sheathing, PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
100 x 100
t = 12.5; vinyl wallpaper
wallpaper
System material, H = 60
System material, H = 60 PB for sheathing, t = 12.5; vinyl PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
wallpaper
wallpaper
System material, H = 60 PB for sheathing, t = 12.5; vinyl PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
wallpaper
wallpaper
System material, H = 60 PB for sheathing, t = 12.5; vinyl PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
wallpaper; kitchen panel in front wallpaperof kitchen
Wooden edge strips
PB for sheathing, t = 12.5;
Cedar plywood laminatedJapanese-style vinyl wallpaper jointed-type ceiling
Finishing board
PB for sheathing, t = 12.5;
Cedar plywood laminatedJapanese-style vinyl wallpaper jointed-type ceilingJapanese tile roofing; slope: 5.0 sun (approx. 15.15 cm)
Asphalt roofing (22 kg)
Roof boards (structural plywood), t = 9
Eaves gutter, 105/2 dia.; downspout, 60 dia. (PVC)
Glass wool (100 mm thick)“Moen” fireproof siding (12 mm thick), painted
Structural plywood, t = 9 (only for X grid, 1F); waterproof plywood, t = 9, for theremainder; backing waterproof sheet plus vertical furring strips, 15 x 40 @ 450
Plasterboard, 12.5 mm
Glass wool, 100 mm thickBronze white
Black only for entrance door
Reinforced-concrete mat foundation; mortar brush finish; underfloor ventilated foundation
packing; dampproof film, t = 0.1
Soil bearing capacity, Fe = 30 kN/m2
Concrete block foundation

Hall and
Floor plywood, t = 12
corridors(structural plywood, t = 28 subflooring)
Living room and Floor plywood, t = 12
dining room
(structural plywood, t = 28 subflooring)
KitchenFloor plywood, t = 12
(structural plywood, t = 28 subflooring)

Room name
Entrance

Common Stairs

2F

Story
1F

Interior Finish Schedule

Entrance riser

Foundation Foundation

Exterior
walls

Roof

Exterior Finish Schedule

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

199

Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Steel:

Plan (steel)

3200Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

Elevation (steel))

201

Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Roof Specifications:Japanese tile roofing: Slope: 5.0 sun (approx. 15.15 cm)
Asphalt roofing: 22 kg
Sheathing roof board (waterproof plywood): t = 9
Roof purlin: C – 100 x 50 x 20 x 2.3 @ 900
Roof side of ceiling plenum: glass wool, t = 100 laid

Exterior Wall Specifications:“Moen” fireproof siding (12 mm thick), painted
Vertical furring strips on waterproof plywood 15 x 45 @ 455
Waterproof plywood, t = 9
Glass wool, t = 100
Wall backing: C – 100 x 50 x 2 0 x 2.3 @ 600
Interior lateral furring strips: 15 x 45 @ 455

3

Underfloor Specifications:
Sleeper: laminated wood, 105 x 105 (with preservative
treatment)
Floor posts: plastic posts @ 910
Anchor bolts: 13 dia., L = 360 @ 2,000
Underfloor thermal insulation: extruded polystyrene foam, t = 25
(under tatami), t = 40 (wooden flooring room)
Underfloor ventilation opening: foundation packing
Underfloor inspection opening: 500 x 290
Preservative and anti-termite treatment

Detailed sectional drawing (steel))202

Rainwater gutters
Thermal insulation
Exterior wall material
Backing for exterior wallmaterial
Interior material
Thermal insulation
Aluminum sashes

Roofing material
Backing material for roofing
Roof groundwork

Floor
Porcelain tiles, 100 x 100

Plywood form, t = 9

Storage

Lavatory

MasterbedroomWestern-style
room 1
Western-style
room 2
Spare room

BathroomHall

Lavatory

Washroom

Styrofoam-core tatami, t = 55
(structural plywood, t = 28 subflooring)
Bottom board: zelkova laminatedwood, t = 5(structural plywood, t = 28 subflooring)
Floor plywood, t = 12
(structural plywood, t = 28 subflooring)
Floor plywood, t = 12
(structural plywood, t = 28 subflooring)
Unit bath (1616)
Floor plywood, t = 12
(flooring directly on concrete)
Floor plywood, t = 12
(flooring directly on concrete)
Floor plywood, t = 12
(flooring directly on concrete)
Floor plywood, t = 12
(flooring directly on concrete)
Floor plywood, t = 12
(flooring directly on concrete)
Floor plywood, t = 12
(flooring directly on concrete)
KSA Coordinate Series

Japanese-styleroom
AlcoveCedar plywood laminatedjointed-type ceiling
Cedar plywood laminatedjointed-type ceiling

PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
wallpaper
PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
wallpaper
PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
wallpaper

System material, H = 60 PB for sheathing, t = 12.5; vinyl PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
PVC trim
wallpaper
wallpaper
System material, H = 60 PB for sheathing, t = 12.5; vinyl PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
PVC trim
wallpaper
wallpaper
System material, H = 60 PB for sheathing, t = 12.5; vinyl PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
PVC trim
wallpaper
wallpaper
System material, H = 60 PB for sheathing, t = 12.5; vinyl PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
PVC trim
wallpaper
wallpaper
System material, H = 60 PB for sheathing, t = 12.5; vinyl PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
PVC trim
wallpaper
wallpaper
System material, H = 60 Waterproof PB for sheathing, t = Waterproof PB for sheathing, t = PVC trim
12.5; vinyl wallpaper (anti-mold) 9.5; vinyl wallpaper (anti-mold)
PB for sheathing, t = 12.5; vinyl PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
PVC trim
wallpaper
wallpaper
Lauan veneer, t = 5.5
Lauan veneer, t = 4.0
Western hemlock

Remarks

Pipe fan

Pipe fan

Ventilationfan, 25 cm

Facilities

Ready-made PVC productunless otherwise specified
Ready-made PVC product Storage (middle shelf, upper shelf);
unless otherwise specified curtain rails (double)
Ready-made PVC product Storage (middle shelf, upper shelf);
unless otherwise specified curtain rails (double)
Ready-made PVC product Storage (middle shelf, upper shelf);
unless otherwise specified curtain rails (double)
Ready-made PVC product Curtain rails (double)
unless otherwise specified
Ready-made PVC product Warmed toilet seat; towel hanger; Pipe fanunless otherwise specified toilet paper holder
Ready-made PVC productunless otherwise specified

Ready-made PVC product Washroom counter, L = 1,650;
unless otherwise specified towel hanger; faucet for washing
Ready-made PVC product Warmed toilet seat; towel hanger;
unless otherwise specified toilet paper holder

Inner shoji screens; storage(middle shelf, upper shelf)

Ready-made PVC productunless otherwise specified
Ready-made PVC product Curtain rails (double)
unless otherwise specified
Ready-made PVC product System kitchen L = 2,700
unless otherwise specified

FinishReady-made PVC productunless otherwise specified

Laminated wood, 105 x 105 (with preservative treatment)
Plastic posts, @ 910
Extruded polystyrene foam (t = 40 mm), under tatami (25 mm thick)Concrete, t = 150; dampproof film, t = 0.1

Head jamb and doorsill (cypress laminated wood)

Waterproof plasterboard (12.5 mm)
Plasterboard (12.5 mm)
Decorated opening frame (decorated sheet)

Plasterboard (9.5 mm)

Waterproof plasterboard (9.5 mm)

Anti-termite treatment (5-year guarantee)

Cypress laminated Cypress laminated wood
wood
Cypress laminated Cypress laminated wood
wood

PVC trim

PVC trim

PVC trim

Crown moldings
PVC trim

Washroom, lavatory
OthersWestern-style room opening
frame
Japanese-style room opening
frame
Sleepers
Floor posts
1F floor thermal insulation
Doma-style (earthen, tiled, orstone-paved) floor

Ceiling
PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
wallpaper

Floor

Partitions(LGS)

Anti-termite 1F underfloor
structure
Ceiling
Washroom, lavatory(light-gauge
steel: LGS) Others

System material, H = 60 Waterproof PB for sheathing, t = Waterproof PB for sheathing, t = PVC trim
12.5; vinyl wallpaper (anti-mold) 9.5; vinyl wallpaper (anti-mold)
System material, H = 60 Waterproof PB for sheathing, t = Waterproof PB for sheathing, t = PVC trim
12.5; vinyl wallpaper (anti-mold) 9.5; vinyl wallpaper (anti-mold)Baseboard
Wall
Porcelain tiles,
PB for sheathing, t = 12.5; vinyl
100 x 100;
wallpaper
system material
System material, H = 60 PB for sheathing, t = 12.5; vinyl
wallpaper
System material, H = 60 PB for sheathing, t = 12.5; vinyl
wallpaper
System material, H = 60 PB for sheathing, t = 12.5; vinyl
wallpaper; kitchen panel in frontof kitchen
Wooden edge strips
PB for sheathing, t = 12.5;
Japanese-style vinyl wallpaper
Finishing board
PB for sheathing, t = 12.5;
Japanese-style vinyl wallpaper

Japanese tile roofing; slope: 5.0 sun (approx. 15.15 cm)
Asphalt roofing (22 kg)
Waterproof plywood, t = 9
C – 100 x 50 x 20
Eaves gutter, 105/2 dia.; downspout, 60 dia. (PVC)
Glass wool (100 mm thick)“Moen” fireproof siding (12 mm thick), painted
Waterproof plywood, t = 9; vertical furring strips on waterproof sheet, 15 x 45 @ 455
C – 100 x 50 x 20
Plasterboard, 12.5 mm
Glass wool, 100 mm thickBronze white
Black only for entrance door
As per structural drawing
Mortar brush finish, H = 340
Concrete block foundation

Hall and
Floor plywood, t = 12
corridors(structural plywood, t = 28 subflooring)
Living room and Floor plywood, t = 12
dining room
(structural plywood, t = 28 subflooring)
KitchenFloor plywood, t = 12
(structural plywood, t = 28 subflooring)

Room name
Entrance

Common Stairs

2F

Story
1F

Interior Finish Schedule

Foundation Foundation
Exterior baseboard
Entrance riser

Exterior
wall

Roof

Exterior Finish Schedule

OthersPart III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

203

Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Reinforced concrete:

Plan (reinforced concrete)

3

204

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

Elevation (reinforced concrete)

205

Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Rooftop

Master bedroom

Hall

Living room and dining room

Hall

3

Underfloor Specifications:
Sleeper: laminated wood, 105 x 105 (with preservative treatment)
Floor posts: plastic posts @ 910
Underfloor thermal insulation: extruded polystyrene foam, t = 25
(under tatami), t = 40 (wooden flooring room)
Underfloor inspection opening: 500 x 290
Preservative and anti-termite treatment

Sectional detailed drawing (reinforced concrete)206

Finish material
Sheathing roof board
CopingRainwater gutters
Thermal insulation
Exterior wall materialInterior material
Thermal insulation
Aluminum sash

Floor
Porcelain tiles, 100 x 100

Plywood form, t = 9

Storage

Lavatory

MasterbedroomWestern-style
room 1
Western-style
room 2
Spare room

BathroomHall

Lavatory

Washroom

Styrofoam-core tatami, t = 55
(structural plywood, t = 28 subflooring)
Bottom board: zelkova laminatedwood, t = 5(structural plywood, t = 28 subflooring)
Floor plywood, t = 12
(structural plywood, t = 28 subflooring)
Floor plywood, t = 12
(structural plywood, t = 28 subflooring)
Unit bath (1616)
Floor plywood, t = 12
(flooring directly on concrete)
Floor plywood, t = 12
(flooring directly on concrete)
Floor plywood, t = 12
(flooring directly on concrete)
Floor plywood, t = 12
(flooring directly on concrete)
Floor plywood, t = 12
(flooring directly on concrete)
Floor plywood, t = 12
(flooring directly on concrete)
KSA Coordinate Series

Japanese-styleroom
AlcoveCedar plywood laminatedjointed-type ceiling
Cedar plywood laminatedjointed-type ceiling

PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
wallpaper
PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
wallpaper
PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
wallpaper

System material, H = 60 PB for sheathing, t = 12.5; vinyl PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
PVC trim
wallpaper
wallpaper
System material, H = 60 PB for sheathing, t = 12.5; vinyl PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
PVC trim
wallpaper
wallpaper
System material, H = 60 PB for sheathing, t = 12.5; vinyl PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
PVC trim
wallpaper
wallpaper
System material, H = 60 PB for sheathing, t = 12.5; vinyl PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
PVC trim
wallpaper
wallpaper
System material, H = 60 PB for sheathing, t = 12.5; vinyl PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
PVC trim
wallpaper
wallpaper
System material, H = 60 Waterproof PB for sheathing, t = Waterproof PB for sheathing, t = PVC trim
12.5; vinyl wallpaper (anti-mold) 9.5; vinyl wallpaper (anti-mold)
PB for sheathing, t = 12.5; vinyl PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
PVC trim
wallpaper
wallpaper
Lauan veneer, t = 5.5
Lauan veneer, t = 4.0
Western hemlock

Remarks

Pipe fan

Pipe fan

Ventilationfan, 25 cm

Facilities

Ready-made PVC productunless otherwise specified
Ready-made PVC product Storage (middle shelf, upper shelf);
unless otherwise specified curtain rails (double)
Ready-made PVC product Storage (middle shelf, upper shelf);
unless otherwise specified curtain rails (double)
Ready-made PVC product Storage (middle shelf, upper shelf);
unless otherwise specified curtain rails (double)
Ready-made PVC product Curtain rails (double)
unless otherwise specified
Ready-made PVC product Warmed toilet seat; towel hanger; Pipe fanunless otherwise specified toilet paper holder
Ready-made PVC productunless otherwise specified

Ready-made PVC product Washroom counter, L = 1,650;
unless otherwise specified towel hanger; faucet for washing
Ready-made PVC product Warmed toilet seat; towel hanger;
unless otherwise specified toilet paper holder

Inner shoji screens; storage(middle shelf, upper shelf)

Ready-made PVC productunless otherwise specified
Ready-made PVC product Curtain rails (double)
unless otherwise specified
Ready-made PVC product System kitchen L = 2,700
unless otherwise specified

FinishReady-made PVC productunless otherwise specified

Laminated wood, 105 x 105 (with preservative treatment)
Plastic posts, @ 910
Extruded polystyrene foam (t = 40 mm), under tatami (25 mm thick)Concrete, t = 150; dampproof film, t = 0.1

Cypress laminated Cypress laminated wood
wood
Cypress laminated Cypress laminated wood
wood

PVC trim

PVC trim

PVC trim

Crown moldings
PVC trim

Waterproof plasterboard (9.5 mm)
Plasterboard (9.5 mm)
Waterproof plasterboard (12.5 mm)
Plasterboard (12.5 mm)
Decorated opening frame (decorated sheet)

Washroom, lavatory
OthersWashroom, lavatory
OthersWestern-style room opening
frame
Japanese-style room opening
frame
Sleepers
Floor posts
1F floor thermal insulation
Doma-style (earthen, tiled, orstone-paved) floor
Head jamb and doorsill (cypress laminated wood)

Anti-termite treatment (5-year guarantee)

1F underfloor

Ceiling
PB for sheathing, t = 9.5; vinyl
wallpaper

Floor

Anti-termite
structure
Ceiling(LGS)
Partitions(LGS)

System material, H = 60 Waterproof PB for sheathing, t = Waterproof PB for sheathing, t = PVC trim
12.5; vinyl wallpaper (anti-mold) 9.5; vinyl wallpaper (anti-mold)
System material, H = 60 Waterproof PB for sheathing, t = Waterproof PB for sheathing, t = PVC trim
12.5; vinyl wallpaper (anti-mold) 9.5; vinyl wallpaper (anti-mold)Baseboard
Wall
Porcelain tiles,
PB for sheathing, t = 12.5; vinyl
100 x 100;
wallpaper
system material
System material, H = 60 PB for sheathing, t = 12.5; vinyl
wallpaper
System material, H = 60 PB for sheathing, t = 12.5; vinyl
wallpaper
System material, H = 60 PB for sheathing, t = 12.5; vinyl
wallpaper; kitchen panel in frontof kitchen
Wooden edge strips
PB for sheathing, t = 12.5;
Japanese-style vinyl wallpaper
Finishing board
PB for sheathing, t = 12.5;
Japanese-style vinyl wallpaper

Sheet waterproofing, t = 1.5
Concrete slab with 1/75 slope
Aluminum coping (ready-made product)
Roof drain, 75 dia.; downspout, 75 dia., hard PVC
Glass wool (100 mm thick)Architectural concrete finishing plus touch-up and spray-type textured-finish paint
Plasterboard, t = 12.5 mm
Sprayed foam-in-place, t = 15 mm
Bronze white
Black only for entrance door
As per structural drawing
Exposed concrete with touch-up, H = 340
Concrete block foundation

Hall and
Floor plywood, t = 12
corridors(structural plywood, t = 28 subflooring)
Living room and Floor plywood, t = 12
dining room
(structural plywood, t = 28 subflooring)
KitchenFloor plywood, t = 12
(structural plywood, t = 28 subflooring)

Room name
Entrance

Common Stairs

2F

Story
1F

Interior Finish Schedule

Foundation Foundation
Exterior baseboard
Entrance riser

Exteriorwall

Rooftop

Exterior Finish Schedule

OthersPart III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

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Part III
4

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Results of Case Studies

This chapter presents 27 case studies showing the results of building environmental efficiency (BEE H)
assessments obtained by various types of buildings. Among these case studies, many of the existing buildings
have relatively high rankings because they embody a large number of positive environmental features. Whenassessing an unbuilt home as a model house, features that had already been decided were scored using theplanning specifications. However, some features were given a low score because their specific details had notbeen decided. Relevant cases are presented as "model assessments" in the following list.
For Cases 1 to 8, detailed explanations and a summary of the building specifications are given for each itemfrom QH1 to LRH3, including what specific efforts were made, what issues arose, and how those issues wereresolved.

List of case studies
Case 1: House using significant amount of local timber (including timber from FSC-certified forest)
Case 2: Wooden house built using natural materials in a scenic zone
Case 3: Wooden house in an academic city
Case 4: Passive-type wooden house in a quiet urban residential area
Case 5: Weekend house in a suburban area
Case 6: Steel-frame house in a town with abundant greenery, constructed based on the concept of "living close
to nature"
Case 7: Light-gauge steel prefabricated house in suburban building lots for sale "model assessments"
Case 8: Wooden house in a suburban area
Case 9: Wooden house that makes effective use of local timber
Case 10: Wooden house built with comprehensive environmental consideration
Case 11: Wooden passive type house constructed in a new town
Case 12: Eco-friendly wooden house
Case 13: Wooden house focusing on basic performance
Case 14: Wooden house to be built in a suburban area "model assessments"
Case 15: Wooden house in an urban area equipped with the latest facilities
Case 16: Wooden house designed with consideration for energy conservation
Case 17: Wooden house in an urban area equipped with the latest facilities
Case 18: Prefabricated steel-frame house built in an eco-friendly town
Case 19: Prefabricated steel-frame house built in a suburban area
Case 20: Prefabricated wooden house to be built on an undetermined construction site "model assessments"
Case 21: Prefabricated steel-frame house built in a suburban area
Case 22: Wooden house built on a site designated for symbiotic housing
Case 23: Prefabricated steel-frame house to be built on an undetermined construction site "model assessments"
Case 24: Eco-friendly prefabricated wooden house to be built in the Tokyo metropolitan area "model
assessments"
Case 25: Prefabricated steel-frame house built in a suburban area
Case 26: Wooden house and lot offered for sale, which are at the planning stage
Case 27: Prefabricated steel-frame house built in a suburban area

3

208

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

Case 1: House using significant amount of local timber (including timber from FSC-certified forest)
Overview of building:
The concept underlying this building is "to create resourcerecycling forests and homes." It gives high priority to forest
management, so that all structural timber and interior/exterior
finish materials come from local forests, including a local
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)-certified forest. Efforts tominimize the house's environmental footprint are not limited tothe use of local timber, but extend from the forest to the actual
construction site. For example, local FSC-certified timber wasprocessed at a local timber mill and local carpenters built thehouse using that timber. Consequently, this house has becomea model, encouraging a steady increase in the number ofenvironmentally sensitive houses.
Outline of assessment:
Shimokawa Town, Hokkaido
Zone I

March 2006
434.73 m2
98.81 m2
136.64 m2
2 stories
Wood framework method
5

Conditions for assessment

A
Outside of City Planning Area

Implementation of assessment

Location
Energy-saving areaclassification
Passive area classification
Area/Zone
Year and month ofcompletion
Site area
Building area
Total floor area
Number of stories
Structure and construction
No. of people in household

Assessment dateAugust 15, 2007

Stage when evaluatedOccupancy

Building

Determined

specifications
Site location

Determined

Home electric
appliances brought

Determinedin
Number of people

Determined

Exterior

Determined

Assessment results:

209

Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Considerations and efforts in design
QH1: Making the Indoor Environment Comfortable, Healthy, and Safe
The house is located in one of the coldest regions of
Hokkaido, so insulation performance was the mostimportant consideration in its design and construction. To
secure insulation performance, machine-blown insulation
using glass wool (32 kg/m3, 270 mm in thickness [GW 32
K/270 mm]) was applied to the roof, high-performance GW(24 K/100 mm) and water-repellent GW boards (32 K/45mm) were used in the walls, vertical insulation on thefoundations together with horizontal insulation skirts for thefloor, and resin sashes and low-emissivity (low-e) glass
layers (containing argon gas) were used for the windows.
Insulation of roof
Although wooden sashes and triple glazing were not usedin the window openings because of budget considerations, the next-generationenergy-conservation standards were satisfied.
The heating system uses heating elements under the floor. This allows the wholehouse to have a uniform temperature and provides a comfortable type of heat. The
floor heating system saves space, and is also easy to maintain.

QH2: Ensuring Long Service Life
Larch weatherboards were used for the exterior walls and incorporated air vents.
The eaves were extended to increase weatherboard life, and the weatherboards
can be easily modified or repaired.
The family that lives in the house has a member who
uses a wheelchair and auxiliary equipment, so during thedesign stage they met with the health-care manager toensure there would be no obstacles for this family
member through an appropriate floor plan, elimination ofinterior differences in level, installation of appropriate
handrails, and securing of sufficient space. These steps
were taken to help the family member move about thehouse unaided, and so improve the member's physicalcondition and reduce the demands on other family
members.

3

Larch planking on exterior

Insulation of exterior walls

Outlet of underfloor
heating

Furring strips forventilationwalls
QH3: Creating a Richer Townscape and Ecosystem
This is a farmer's house away from large residential
areas. The form and color were chosen so as to harmonize with the surrounding rich, natural landscape.
Embodying efforts to support sustainable forest management, all of the timber used for structural materials
and the interior and exterior finish was sourced from a local FSC-certified forest.
Other local materials were also used: teppeiseki (pyroxene andesite) stones came from the local area, the tiles
were made from local clay, and diatomaceous earth was obtained in Hokkaido.

Siding boards/Diatomaceous earth

210

Teppeiseki stones

Tiles

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

LRH1: Conserving Energy and Water
Insulation meeting the next-generation energy-conservation standards reduced the thermal load of thebuilding. In addition, insulation of the house's foundations and the use of an insulated bathtub secured increased
the thermal efficiency of the bathtub.

Foundation insulation

Insulated bathtub

LRH2: Using Resources Sparingly and Reducing Waste
All structural timber came from the FSC-certified forest in the town. Local timber, including timber from the
town's FSC-certified forest, was used for all interior and exterior finish materials as well as materials for theexternal area.
Also, as part of the efforts to reduce waste in all construction stages, precut timber was used for structural
materials, while components produced at zero-emission factories were used for the interior and exterior finish.

FSC-certified timber

Precut timber

LRH3: Consideration of the Global, Regional, and Surrounding Environment
There is no other residence near the house and no new houses are expected to be built nearby in the future.
Therefore, no special efforts were needed to reduce impacts on neighbors.
The site was covered with grass or gravel to allow rainwater to soak into the ground. Preservation of existingtrees is also being promoted.

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Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Outline of specifications:
Building
frames

Structure
Insulation

Roof
Walls

Foundation
Windows
Interior finish Subfloor
Interior wall
sheathing
Ceiling
sheathing
Floor finish

Wall finish

WainscotfinishCeilingfinish3Exterior
finishFacilities

212

Wood framework construction
Insulating wool, glass wool (GW) 32 K/270 mm
High-performance GW 24 K/100 mm+ high-performance water-repellent GW board 32
K/45 mm
Extruded polystyrene foam 53 mm on both sides+ insulation skirt
Resin sashes + low-e multi-glazed glass(filled with argon gas)

None
Plasterboard 12.5 mm
None
Living room, dining room,
kitchen (LDK), bedrooms,
entrance hallJapanese-style room
Western-style room, hall,
washroom, lavatory
LDK, bedrooms, entrance hall,Japanese-style room, hallWestern-style room,
washroom, lavatory
LDK, bedrooms, entrance hall

Three-layer panels (larch) 30 mm

LD, bedrooms, entrance hall,Japanese-style room,
Western-style room, hall
KitchenWashroom, lavatory

Siding boards (larch) 12 mm

StairsExterior wall finish
Roof finish
Heating
Hot-water supply

Structural plywood 28 mm + tatami mats
Structural plywood 28 mm
Diatomaceous earth
Structural plywood 12 mm
Siding boards (larch) 12 mm

Plasterboard 12.5 mm
Structural plywood 12 mm
Three-layer panels (larch) 36 mm
Larch boards 15 mm + protective coating withnatural coloring agent
Long-length colored Galvalume steel plate 0.35 mm
Kerosene-fired boiler + underfloor heating
Kerosene-fired boiler

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

Case 2: Wooden house built with natural materials in a scenic zone
Outline of building:
The site is near a temple popular for sightseeing.
Nevertheless, it is quiet and has a southeasterly view of theadjacent river and surrounding countryside. The building was
designed to make maximum use of the site characteristics
provided by differences in elevation, such as natural ventilationand sunshine. Domestic timber was primarily used. In particular,
local timber from trees grown in the Kitayama region of Kyoto
was used as much as possible. Used materials such as vintage
wood, and natural materials posing less risk with regard to
disposal, were selected, and craftsmen skilled in traditionalbuilding techniques were used to construct the house.
Outline of assessment:

Year and month ofcompletion
Site area
Building area
Total floor area
Number of stories
Structure and construction
No. of people in household

Zone IVC
Category I exclusively lowstory residential zone
February 2007
407 m285 m2133 m2
2 stories
Conventional wooden
construction
4

Conditions for assessment

Area/Zone

Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture

Implementation of assessment

Location
Energy-saving areaclassification
Passive area classification

Assessment date

December, 2005

Stage when evaluatedOccupancy

Building
specifications
Site location

Determined
Determined

Home electric
appliances brought

Determinedin
Number of people

Determined

Exterior

Determined

Assessment results:

213

Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Considerations and efforts in design
Q H1: Making the Indoor Environment Comfortable,
Healthy, and Safe
The insulation used in the house was assessed as
Grade 3 under the Japan Housing Performance
Indication Standards. The wonderful site conditions
provide plenty of sunshine in winter and considerable
airflow in summer. The owner has a philosophy of living
in peaceful harmony with nature. As a result, the eves
were extended and a semi-external terrace-like space
was included to gently separate the "outside" from the"inside" in conjunction with screens made of bamboo,
etc. and deciduous trees.
During winter, the 40 mm-thick floorboards made of
local timber (Japanese cypress and Japanese cedar)and the interior clay walls store heat that is absorbed
from the sunshine allowed to stream into the rooms
through large windows; this makes heating equipment
for the interior space a supplementary measure. The
floor and walls also help regulate humidity andtemperature in summer, so the air-conditioning system
is used only when elimination of humidity is needed,which is not often. Thus, the air conditioner is almost
unnecessary. Natural materials such as Japanesewashi-style wallpaper were used for interior finish, while
persimmon tannin juice and perilla oil were used ascoatings.
The features of the home's immediate surrounds
View from the open veranda
include the end of the road in front of the house, aparking space shared with the neighboring house, a hedge at the boundary with the road, and no tall fences onborders with adjacent land. Although no special security equipment is installed, the area around the house iscovered with gravel that makes a sound when walked on.

3

QH2: Ensuring Long Service Life
The site was developed more than 10 years ago, but the land is weed-covered and an adjacent stream runs
three meters below the house. A soil test indicated the existence of cut and banking. Pillar-shape foundation
improvement was conducted to homogenize the load-bearing ground (20 kN/m 2) and a mat foundation was
adopted. Local timber (Japanese cypress and pine) was used for structural materials. The shiguchi (angled joint)
technique connects the timbers using a hand-carved mortise and a long tenon locked with a strong pin for
security. The interior walls are traditional Japanese plastered walls in which all pillars are visible. Wires andpipes were placed under the floor and outside the house without burying them in the ground as much as
possible, to facilitate maintenance. Gently sloping, wide stairs, a barrier-free floor, and sliding doors wereadopted as standard, with the main bedroom located on the first floor. However, the assessment of traditional
methods was difficult in this case, because materials used for interior and exterior walls are assessed based onease of replacement rather than ease of maintenance, and clay walls that can be recoated or repaired are notincluded in standard specifications.

Pillar-shaped improvement pile214

Mat foundation

Hand-carved joint

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

The owner was encouraged to participate in the process of building the house, going to mountain forests andtimber dealers to check timber, purchasing desired lights and second-hand fittings, and applying protective oil tothe floor and other places. The owner's attachment to the house and the ability to perform simple maintenancewithout assistance are considered to help give the home a longer life.
QH3: Creating a Richer Townscape and Ecosystem
The site was landscaped to a level beyond that of thegeneral area. Old Kitayama logs were obtained for the gate
and a hedge that matched the gate was planted, using agreening subsidy from Kyoto Prefecture. The summer camellia
is a featured tree of the property, and a lattice-style fence wascreated along the boundary with neighboring land by planting
kanchiku (a type of bamboo), camellia, and other trees. About
70% of the site is open space, with a vegetable garden and agrassed area containing flowers and shady trees. At thesouthern end of the site there is a large Yedo hornbeam tree
by the river, in which wild birds build nests. The ownercultivates Japanese orchids as a hobby as well as flowers forthe tea ceremony. In addition, the owner uses compost made from vegetablewaste for the vegetable garden.
The house is of Japanese style and clay tiles were used for the roof to suit
the general scenic zone. The exterior walls of the first floor were covered withcedar boards and painted with natural paint.
Sixty percent of the house's timber was sourced from Kyoto Prefecture andnearly 40% came from Mie Prefecture (Owase).

Goldfish pond in the front garden

LRH1: Conserving Energy and Water
The building is all-electric and equipped with a heat-pump water heater. All the living rooms have sufficientnatural light and the indoor environment is heavily influenced by natural ventilation and the heat-storage capacityof the construction materials. When a simulation of the house's electrification was performed, a discussion on
power conservation and the energy efficiency of lighting with the owner revealed the owner's in-depth knowledgeof natural ventilation and techniques to block the entry of the sun's rays.
The house has a rainwater tank, and there is a stream to the south of the site whose water can be pumped up
and used on the vegetable garden, although this is not included in the assessment. It is expected that such
criteria will be added to future assessments.
This site is located in a scenic zone where the installation of solar panels is prohibited. The development ofmaterials for use in such conditions, such as low-reflectance panels, is expected.

Wide openings allow natural light to enter

Induction-heater (IH) stoves

Rainwater tank at the cornerof the building

LRH2: Using Resources Sparingly and Reducing Waste
Japanese cypress pillars with a square cross section of 120 mm x 120 mm were used as structural materials,
while used logs and domestic pine were adopted for the beams. The use of timber with such large dimensions
assumes that it will be reused as building material if the house is demolished in the future. Japanese-style tiles
were used for the roof as they are attractive, have good insulation properties, and can be easily maintained,reused, and recycled.
The interior finish uses second-hand fittings and natural materials, including thick boards from coniferous

215

Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)trees. The insulation is a polyester material manufactured from old plastic bottles, which lightens the builders'
work and ensures easy recycling when the building is demolished.

Doma-style (earthen, tiled, or stonepaved) floor and recycled fittings

Insulation material on the undersideof the roof

Beam made of recycled timber

LRH3: Consideration of the Global, Regional, and Surrounding Environment
Since this is an area where building sites are large relative to the houses on them and there is no throughtrafficin the neighborhood, special consideration has not been paid to the adjacent land. However, the outdoor
units of the air-conditioning system and water heater are located well away from neighboring houses andsurrounded by trees. The property entrance has a low Japanese-style gate that was built to match thesurrounding landscape, while the cut stones used for the gate are also recycled.
The site land remains unmodified, except for the area around the house, where it was covered with gravel andsoil as before to maintain the water permeability of grassy areas.
Local trees were planted to match the bamboo groves and forests on the mountains that extend to the north.
The life cycle CO2, estimated using the CASBEE assessment program, is 39.86 kg-CO2/year m2.

3

Approach to the house

216

Distant view

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

Outline of specifications:
Building
frames

Structure
Insulation

Conventional wood framework construction"Perfect Barrier" 50 mm
Roof"Perfect Barrier" 50 mm
Walls"Perfect Barrier" 50 mm
Foundation
Aluminum sashes (multi-glazed glass）
Windows
Conifer plywood 12 mm
Wooden laths 7.5 mm, plasterboard 12.5 mm

Interior finish Subfloor
Interior wall
sheathing
Ceiling sheathing Plasterboard 9.5 mm
Entrance hall, living room,
First
Floor
kitchen, bedrooms, lavatory,floor
finishclosetJapanese-style room
Washroom/changing room

Exterior
finishFacilities

Flooring of Japanese cypress (40 mm, uncoatedtimber）
Tatami mats
Flooring of Japanese oak (15 mm) (uncoatedtimber)Tiles (100 mm square)
Mortar with brushed finish

Bathroom
Doma-style (earthen, tiled,or stone-paved) floor
Second Western-style room, corridor, Flooring of Japanese cedar (40 mm) (uncoatedtimber)storage room, lavatory
floor
Clay wall (middle-coat finish)
Entrance hall, living room,
First
Wall
kitchen, Japanese-stylefloor
finishroom, doma-style floor
Cypress board (12 mm) + lime plastering
Bedrooms
Cedar board (12 mm) + clay walls (middle-coat
Lavatory
finish）
Washroom/changing room, Cedar board (12 mm) + Japanese-style
wallpaper
closetCypress board (12 mm)
Bathroom
Second Western-style room, corridor Tosawashi (traditional Japanese washi paper
made in Tosa, Kochi Prefecture)
floor
Cedar board (12 mm)
Storage room
Cedar board (12 mm) + Tosawashi
Lavatory
Cedar board (5 mm, 12 mm)
Entrance
hall,
JapaneseFirst
Ceilingstyle room, doma-style floor
floor
finishCypress board (9 mm)
Bathroom
Tosawashi or Japanese washi-style wallpaper
OthersCypress board (40 mm) (uncoated timber)
StairsExterior wall finish Colored mortar finish (with brushed final coating to make a rough surface)
Ibushi Japanese-style tiles
Roof finish
Hot-water supply Heat-pump water heater
Air conditioner
Air-conditioning
systemCooking appliance IH stove

217

Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Case 3: Wooden house in an academic city
Outline of building:This house was constructed in a residential district
containing two universities—one each in the district's eastern
and western sides—while the residents enjoy the convenienceof good transportation, healthcare, and welfare facilities. The
building is divided into eastern and western sections by anarea with a doma-style (earthen, tiled, or stone-paved) floor
and an open ceiling. This space creates a passive
environmental control method, while an active environmental
control method, verified by prior simulation, was also includedin the design. Together they produce a comfortable indoor
environment and reduced energy consumption.
Outline of assessment:

Area/Zone
Year and month ofcompletion
Site area
Building area
Total floor area
Number of stories
Structure and construction
No. of people in household

Assessment results:

3

218

Zone IVC
Category I exclusively lowstory residential zone
November 2007
225.0 m2
105.9 m2
164.0 m2
2 stories
Conventional wooden
construction
5

Conditions for assessment

Energy-saving areaclassification
Passive area classification

Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka
Prefecture

Implementation of assessment

Location

Assessment dateAugust 17, 2007

Stage when evaluatedConstruction stage

Building
specifications
Site location

Determined
Determined

Home electric
appliances brought

Partly determinedin
Number of people

Determined

Exterior

Partly determinedPart III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

Considerations and efforts in design
QH1: Making the Indoor Environment Comfortable, Healthy, and Safe
Since each living room is connected to the doma-style floor space with an open ceiling, it is possible to use
passive environmental control selectively and effectively by opening doors as needed. However, heat loss during
winter and an increase in the thermal load caused by solar radiation during summer are expected to become
problems because of the large doma-style floor. Therefore, the building plan was designed to meet the nextgeneration energy-conservation standards (Q = 2.66 W/m2･K, É = 0.062 [ - ]) by installing insulation sashes(double glazing), sufficient insulation material (roof: high-performance glass wool, 16 kg/m3, 200 mm in thickness[HGW 16 K/200 mm]; walls: HGW 16 K/100 mm; floor: extruded polystyrene foam, 50 mm in thickness), and alarge eave designed to blend in with the building around an opening on its southern side. In addition, airtightness
was improved by insulating the foundations and installing an air-conditioning system for heating and coolingunder the floor to make use of space under the house for transferring heat. To verify the system's performanceand determine its specifications, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was conducted that confirmed
a comfortable indoor environment had been achieved. Figures 1 and 2 show the results of analyses that indicate
no temperature variations in the floor surface and a vertical air-temperature difference of no more than about
2℃.

Cupboard
Sink cabinet

Air-conditioner ventFigure 1 Distribution of surface temperatures in a room while the underfloor heater is operating
Temperature (°C)

Cupboard

Sink cabinet

Figure 2 Vertical temperature distribution in the living-dining-kitchen areas while the underfloor heater is operating

According to data provided by the Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) of the Japan
Meteorological Agency, during spring, autumn, and summer, when natural ventilation is often used in this area,
the prevailing wind directions are west to north during the day and southwest to south-southwest during thenight. A CFD simulation and a ventilation simulation were performed for these two directions as shown in
Figures 3 and 4, to confirm the effectiveness of ventilation and cool storage. A plan that optimized the locationand combination of openings was then prepared taking into account the occupants' lifestyles.

Figure 3 Flow fields and pressure fields around the building(south-southwesterly wind)

Figure 4 Pressure distribution along the southern faceof the building (south-southwesterly wind)219

Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)

In each living room, wood is used extensively in the floor, walls, and ceiling to assist indoor air quality. As
anticrime measures, double locks with an auxiliary lock and rain shutters that permit airflow are used for the
openings on the first floor.
QH2: Ensuring Long Service Life
Since a family comprising three generations is expected to live in this house, sufficient floor area (164 m2) andstorage space (located in the west and north of the house as shown in the floor plans for the first and second
floors) were incorporated. Also, an open-plan design was used in part of the house based on assumptions about
the family's future lifestyle and the durability of the house. Special doors can be used to control the connection
between rooms, thereby creating an open environment for the family as a whole, while maintaining each family
member's privacy.
For easy maintenance, many access points were placed in the eastern and western sections to facilitate
inspection, cleaning, and repair of the plumbing and underfloor air-conditioning system. A header type watersupply was used to allow for the expansion and replacement of pipes.
QH3: Creating a Richer Townscape and Ecosystem
The planned house site has a road on its northern side and many detached houses have been built in thevicinity. The adjacent land to the east, west, and south was vacant as of August 2007, but there are plans tobuild detached houses there. This house has been designed to harmonize with the existing and new houses by
setting it well back from the edge of the site and considering the external area, etc. House and site diagrams
have already been exchanged with the builders of neighboring houses. Seventy percent or more of the externalarea will be covered by a garden comprising turf and "Turf Parking" (a product for sustaining and protecting turf)
and the planting of two dogwood trees, which are the same type of tree as those along the roadside, in its
southern part. Space was allowed in the west of the building for unobtrusive installation of the hot-water storage
unit of an "Eco-cute" electric heat-pump type water heater (as shown in the southwestern part of the first floorplan). In addition, an open external area design was adopted to provide emergency evacuation routes andvisibility.
LRH1: Conserving Energy and Water
To increase the efficiency of the passive and active environmental control measures, the quality of theinsulation and airtightness needed to be high-meeting the next-generation energy-conservation standards -andenergy- and water-conservation equipment was used throughout the house. An air conditioner that functions at
110% or more of the target value in the Top Runner Standard defined in the Act Concerning the Rational Use ofEnergy was selected for the cooling and heating system. An "Eco-cute" water heater with a COP of 4.9 wasselected, and a hot-water storage unit that has a large volume of 370 L but a slim design considering the
installation space was adopted. A total heat exchanger with a power consumption of 1.84 kWh/year･(m3/h) is to
be installed. Water-efficient toilet bowls and faucets and a dishwasher will also be installed. An indoor
environmental control manual that evaluates lifestyle patterns is provided to the occupants to promote a way ofliving that conserves energy. Energy conservation "navigation meters" will be installed to show the power
consumption of specific activities.

3

LRH2: Using Resources Sparingly and Reducing Waste
Recycled and recyclable materials have been incorporated into the design of the building's structure as muchas possible. The specifications were decided after providing the occupants with information on the recycling anddisposal of building material waste (for example, information on ceramic tiles to be used as flooring in the domastyle floor space). At the production and construction stages, consideration was given to reducing the amount ofmaterial lost when timber was precut for the structural frames, and to minimizing waste as represented by using
metal forms for the molding materials.
LRH3: Consideration of the Global, Regional, and Surrounding Environment
The planned site is one lot for sale in a large real-estate development, making it impossible to preserve theexisting environmental features. For this reason, the design considered the surrounding environment and local
infrastructure. Consequently, the air-conditioning, water-heating, and ventilation equipment operate at low
noise/vibration levels, and the locations and exhaust directions of outdoor equipment were decided in relation to
the locations of openings in planned neighboring buildings. However, it was difficult to minimize the noise levelsof the air-conditioner outdoor units on the eastern and western sides as the available setback distances were as
short as one meter from the boundary of the site. It was possible to make 40% of the site open green space and
32% water retention/permeable pavement. In addition, a heat-reflecting sheet with an albedo of about 0.7 covers
the roof.

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Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

Northern wall of the model house

Road

Entrance
Bathroom
Parking lots for 3 carsMainbedroom

Lavatory

Lavatory
Storageroom 1
Domastyle floorOpenceiling

BridgeStudy space

Living-dining-kitchen
room

Storageroom 2

Privateroom

Child's roomOpenceiling

Terrace

Japanesestyle room

GardenBalcony
TerraceFirst floor plan

Singleroom

Storageroom 2

Study space

Domastyle floor

Second floor plan

Child's room

Living-dining-kitchen room

Cross section B-B'

Northern wall of the model house

Outline of specifications:
Conventional wooden construction
HGW 16 K, t = 100 + 100
Roof
HGW 16 K, t = 100
Walls
Foundation Extruded polystyrene foam B II, t = 50
Insulated aluminum sash (double glazing)
Windows
Doma-style floor
Living room
Interior finish
Structural plywood, t = 28
Mortar 50, also used for finish
Subfloor
Wooden flooring, t = 15
Ceramic tiles, t = 20
Floor finish
Sheathing plywood, t = 5.5
Structural plywood, t = 9
Interior wall sheathing
Multifunctional calcium silicate board, t = 9.5 Japanese linden plywood, t = 6, buttedWall finish
Ceiling joists 45 x 45 @ 455 lattice
Ceiling joists 45 x 45 @ 455 lattice
Ceiling sheathing
Japanese linden plywood t = 5.5,
Multifunctional calcium silicate board, t = 6
Ceiling finish
buttedBeams are partly exposed.
Steel stairs
StairsPlaster coating
Outer wall finish
Exterior
・Colored Galvalume steel plate, t = 0.35, standing-seam roofing
Roof finish
finish・Polyvinyl chloride roofing, t = 1.5"Eco-cute" (using off-peak power)
Hot-water supply
Facilities
Air conditioner
Cooling and heating
Heat-exchange ventilation system
Ventilation system
Garden: covered with lawn. Parking space: "Turf Parking." Inubashiri (narrow footpath around theExternal
house): paved with crushed stonearea
Building
frames

Structure
Insulation

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Case 4: Passive wooden house in a quiet urban residential area
Outline of building:
The design of the house gives priority to the passive use ofnatural energy. Insulation and airtightness were integrated into thedoors and windows, which can be fully opened during summer.
The minimal use of building materials generating total volatileorganic compounds (TVOCs) is aimed at achieving a functional
design with high indoor-air quality. Also, the floor plan was
prepared considering the three-dimensional flow of air, so
windows placed in the ceiling as a skylight can be used to remove
heat and stagnant air.

Outline of assessment:

Year and month ofcompletion
Site area
Building area
Total floor area
Number of stories
Structure and construction
No. of people in household

Assessment results:

3222

Zone IVD
Category I exclusively lowstory residential zone
April 2004
265.61 m2
76.41 m2
133.69 m2
2 stories
Wooden framework
construction
6

Conditions for assessment

Area/Zone

Nerima Ward, Tokyo

Implementation of assessment

Location
Energy-saving areaclassification
Passive area classification

Assessment dateAugust 15, 2007

Stage when evaluatedOccupancy

Building
specifications
Site location

Determined
Determined

Home electric
appliances brought

Determinedin
Number of people

Determined

Exterior

DeterminedPart III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

Considerations and efforts in design
QH1: Making the Indoor Environment Comfortable, Healthy, andSafe
Because of the shape of the building site, the floor plan for thehouse had to extend from north to south. Thus, light from thesouthern side of the building in winter was not expected to easily
reach deep into the house. The first priority was to makeeffective use of natural energy as a heat source, so the southernside of the large gable roof was lowered to create high sidewindow lighting, and this enabled natural light from the southernside of the building to reach far into its northern side. Fortunately,
the land adjacent to the west of the house is a field, so as many
windows as possible were located on this side of the house to
make effective use of the winter sun. The specifications for allthese openings only required aluminum sashes and double
glazing, as well as wooden lattices, rain shutters, or indoor
screens to control the entry of heat and light. The dimensions of
the eaves were determined by the height of the openings and theangle of the sun during summer and winter.
Also, to make full use of the ventilation capacity of the
openings, the largest possible terrace doors were installed on thesouthern side of the first and second floors and the windows on
the northern side were extended to the floor. The high side
window is designed to have the heat discharge function of amonitor roof. With these basic functions secured, the otheropenings are also able to fulfill their additional function ofventilation.
In summer, wind can be allowed into the house during thenight. Therefore, nighttime security measures are important. Rain
shutters with air vents can be locked from inside the house andthe other openings all have lattices.
If light and wind are regarded as natural energy sources tocontrol the inside temperature, the building materials used inspaces touched by light and wind should also be natural materials, and this standard even extends to coatings
such as paint and varnishes. The use of plywood as a sheathing material was avoided, and roughly planed
wooden subfloors and wooden laths were used throughout. Although some plywood was used in interior fittingsand joinery materials, materials with a rank of F☆☆☆☆and additive-free vegetable oil for staining wererequired as standard.

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QH2: Ensuring Long Service Life
It was decided to use a concrete mat foundation after confirming thatthe ground was stable and supported by the loamy layer of the Kanto
region. A point to notice is the arrangement of the house's pipe system.
Underground pipes were placed outside the slab in anticipation of
future repair and replacement. All sleeves were set vertically at theconcrete rises of the foundation, and this piping was left exposed under
the floor and was buried in the ground outside the house. Whilethorough dampproofing measures were implemented around thefoundation, charcoal in nonwoven fabric bags was used to cover theunderfloor space to further remove moisture. Pieces of Aomori cypress
were laid in the ventilation space between the top of the foundation and the sill. All of the pillars on the sills areheld in place using the traditional Japanese construction method called nagahozosashi, in which the long,straight tenons of the pillars are inserted into the mortises of the sills, fixed by a hardwood pin, and then fastenedwith metal fittings to satisfy legal requirements. This specification was also applied to all other wood frames, thus
ensuring that "wood framed by wood" was included as a standard specification. An attempt to use domestic pine
for the horizontal struts was abandoned because of the expense, but 80-year-old Kishuu cedar was able to be
used for all pillars. Since the entire framework of the house is considered to be a breathing body, emphasis in
the design was placed on exposing the woodwork to the air, and this was achieved by using an exterior
ventilation structure and interior traditional Japanese plastered walls in which all pillars are visible. Above all, theprimary design policy was that the frame, as the backbone of the building, should give the house a long service
life.
QH3: Creating a Richer Townscape and Ecosystem
The planned site is land subdivided from an existing house site and ownership has already changed. The site
borders on a public road, which runs along the eastern side of the house, but the front of the house cannot beseen from the road because of the shape of the site, which is like a flag flying on a pole with the narrow end of
the pole adjacent to the road. However, this site is seen as an extension of the gardens of surrounding
residences, and benefits from the established clumps of trees, which are undoubtedly a vital element in creating
the landscape. Although the garden was cut off by a visible boundaryline, it was intended that the ecosystem of the existing gardens would be
integrated into the construction of the house, so the house was plannedin such a way that it would not break this link. In addition, a simple gable
roof was chosen to match the town's vegetation landscape andharmonize with the surrounding buildings. This site is also a place ofcoexistence between humans, wild birds, and insects, partly due to thefield on the western side of the house. It was strongly felt that theconservation and protection of this rich ecosystem should not be
neglected and was a basic condition for creating a good urban habitat.

3

LRH1: Conserving Energy and Water
A priority in the design was the concept of giving the building an appropriate shape that would make effective
use of natural energies, particularly light and wind, without having to use any special machinery and equipment.
This passive energy-saving measure is the most important feature of the building, and its shape was determinedso as to make this technique work efficiently. Such efforts should be a fundamental aspect of the planning anddesign of a house. However, a weakness is that the positive effects of such energy-saving efforts have not yet
been translated into numerical data. A low score for this house was therefore unavoidable because the CASBEE
assessment is based on such data. This weakness is very significant andshould be rectified in the future because the passive energy-saving
technique reduces the utilization of machinery and equipment installed ina house. Energy-saving appliances for city gas, electricity, and water
were adopted as standard equipment of the house. However, they should
be given a supplemental role when passive energy-saving measures are
adopted. Essentially, the house itself should have a ventilation function;
therefore, local mechanical ventilation Class 3 is applied, making thehouse a spatial device allowing natural ventilation.
LRH2: Using Resources Sparingly and Reducing Waste
This topic should make us accountable for our use and recycling of natural resources, including theconsideration of carbon dioxide emissions, but it is complicated issue to assess. At present, the term "as much

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Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

as possible" has to be premised in the measurements for each item. Using this asa basis for assessing a building's structure, which is the major factor influencing thedemand for wood, the use of timber from properly managed logging operations wasmade a standard specification for domestic and imported timber. Consideration
was also given to using the most appropriate type of wood for each application to
maximize the life of the timber. Measurement and design techniques areextensively sought as a direct anti-waste measure. The amount of waste timbercan be reduced by simply starting with a preliminary design and developing it using
modules based on the traditional Japanese shakkan measurement system so that
nonstandard sizes are not generated for the building. Consideration was given to
the diversification of commonly used finish materials, as well as the avoidance of
secondary processed products of wood. Designs that further reduce the number of installed appliances andequipment, while maintaining usability, will be required in the future.
LRH3: Consideration of the Global, Regional, and Surrounding Environment
The neighborhood is an old, quiet residential area with a large amount ofvegetation. Each block of more than 100 tsubo (approximately 330 m 2) has
been subdivided into smaller blocks, but the area and roads still have many
shady trees. The priorities for the design were the character of the house andprotecting the existing rich vegetation. A general layout was developed that
could keep the garden trees intact, and then the house diagram was overlaid
onto this. Although some of the trees had to be replanted, all existing trees
were transplanted within the site. Because a large chestnut tree stood on theadjoining property to the north, the design attempted to maintain a balance
between the house and this chestnut. The color of the building was kept
neutral and the natural color of timber was maintained to harmonize the housewith the natural "green" color of the town. Equipment was installed so that all
sides of the building had a uniform character.

Outline of specifications:Classification

Item

Floor
1F

Floor
materials
2FInterior finisWallmaterials

1F

Kitchen

2F

Ceiling
materials

Rooms where products used
Porch, doma-style floor entrance, storage room
Living rooms, kitchen, lavatory, washroom, changing room
Bathroom
Japanese-style room
Main bedroom
Work room, children’s room, corridor, lavatory
Wooden deck
Loft
Porch, doma-style floor entrance, storage room, livingroom, dining room, Japanese-style room, stairs
Lavatory, washroom, changing room

1F

2F

Bathroom
Main bedroom, children’s room, corridor, work room,
wooden deck, loft
Lavatory
Porch, doma-style floor entrance
Storage room, living room, kitchen, Japanese-style room,
stairs, kitchen, lavatory, washroom, changing room
Bathroom
Main bedroom, work room, children’s room, corridor,
wooden deck, loft

Products"Soil ceramic tiles," □300 x 20 EXTERIOR Series
Ash unprocessed flooring, t = 15 x 90 (wiped with perilla oil)
Stoneware □200 tiles
Tatami mats, t = 60
Tatami mats, t = 60
Cedar unprocessed flooring, t = 15 x 90 (wiped with perilla oil)Western hemlock, 40 x 90 (with protective coating)Western hemlock, 40 x 105 (with protective coating)Coating of lime with silica sand
Waterproof board as sheathing, coating of lime with silica sand
Waterproof board as sheathing; EP coating; partly, "meijikesho" fireproof
board
Porcelain □100 tiles
Coating of lime with silica sand
Waterproof board as sheathing, coating of lime with silica sandSecond floor, Japanese hemlock 40 x 90 drain board floor, protective coating
Plasterboard, t = 9.5; kanreisha (special cloth for undercoating use) treatedwith putty; EP coating
Japanese cypress, t = 12 x w = 100
Plasterboard, t = 9.5; kanreisha cloth treated with putty; EP coating

Parts

Bed
Products
Rafter + sheathing roof board + asphalt roofing"Taima Color" (Galvalume steel plate)
Wooden sheathing
Eave soffits
Wooden laths + asphalt roofing + mortar finish Calcium silicate board, VP coating
on metal laths
Exterior walls
Lime coating/"Tana Cream"
Wooden subfloor
ExposedconcretefinishDeck
Canadian cedar (protective coating)Exterior
Processed composite panels
Mortar with brushed finish
finish Foundation
Eaves troughs
Roofing + folded stainless steel
Rainwater guttering
Rigid PVC pipe, UP coating
Fitting
Aluminum sashes (6 + 6 + 6, double glazing), all wooden fittings
Lattice
Canadian cedar (protective coating)
Roof

Insulation/
moisture-absorbing
material-

Glass wool 24 kg/m3 and 16 kg/m3, polystyrene foam beads/underfloor moisture-absorbing
carbon (to create comfortable living environment)

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Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Case 5: Weekend house in a suburban area
Outline of building:This house is located amidst farmland in northern Saitama
Prefecture. It is a weekend house constructed on a large siteof more than 300 tsubo (approximately 990 m2) with shrubs,
a bamboo grove, and a water channel around its perimeter.
Half of the house itself is set on a platform that is one meter
higher than the surrounding ground, while the remainder isbuilt with its floor elevated above ground level. This platform
was kept after a house from the Edo Period (1603-1867) was
demolished 10 years before because the owner decided toleave a reminder of the previous building, but it wasstrengthened for the construction of the new house.

Outline of assessment:

No. of people in household

Assessment results:

3

226

Zone IVD
Non-designated area
August 2006
2

977.6 m81.9 m2
84.0 m2
2 stories
Conventional frame
construction
2

Conditions for assessment

Structure and construction

Saitama Prefecture

Implementation of assessment

Location
Energy-saving areaclassification
Passive area classification
Area/Zone
Year and month ofcompletion
Site area
Building area
Total floor area
Number of stories

Assessment dateAugust 26, 2006

Stage when evaluatedAfter completion

Building
specifications
Site location

Determined
Determined

Home electric
appliances brought-in
Number of people

Determined

Exterior

DeterminedPart III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

Considerations and attempts in design:
QH1: Making the Indoor Environment Comfortable, Healthy, and Safe
Good insulation and airtightness enhance the durability of the building frame, and are regarded as
prerequisites for energy conservation measures to reduce heating and cooling demands. Thus, the nextgeneration energy-conservation standards of performance are secured. The area of sashes used in door andwindow openings was maximized to so that the northern garden on the platform and the large southern garden
could both be seen from the central living room. Wooden insulation sashes with a heat transmission coefficientof 2.80 W/m2 K were used to reduce the thermal load of these large sashes. As a security measure, crimeprevention architectural component ("CP") type security glass and a double-locking mechanism were installed in
the main door.
Winds from the south and east predominate during summer, and northwest winds predominate from autumn tospring in this area. Thus, windows were located so that comfortable seasonal winds can easily enter the house.
Also, it was possible to create paths for the wind that readily allowed the airflow to pass through the rooms by
installing movable fittings and long-length windows under the stairs, as well as sashes that can be safely opened
during the night. The shape of the watchtower, which is a feature of this building, is useful for natural ventilation
because it takes advantage of the vertical temperature (and pressure) variations. Opening the windows of thewatchtower on hot and humid days allows heat and warm air to leave and indoor air to rise from the groundlevel, creating a negative pressure and drawing in outside air. Therefore, if windows on the north side or lower
part of the house are kept wide open, cool air will enter, ensuring that on hot summer days the occupants canpass time comfortably inside from the morning to early afternoon.

Heat discharged fromhigh windows

Summer solstice: 77.5 degrees

Watchtower

Long eaves shieldfrom solar radiation

Japanesestyle room

Airflow acrossrooms

Entrance hallSpiral stairs

Cool northerly
air drawn inNorth-south cross-section: S = 1/100

Much consideration was also given to indoor air quality. Building materials were selected that were of F☆☆☆
☆ rank for formaldehyde or did not contain any formaldehyde, and it was also confirmed using Material Safety
Data Sheets (MSDS) that they did not contain any of 12 other substances for which indoor concentration
guideline values have been defined by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Of these 13 substances,
particularly hazardous materials such as toluene and xylene are generally contained in adhesives and paints.
Therefore, in principle, the use of adhesives was avoided as much as possible in the construction process. For
example, nails and adhesives are generally used in building floors, but only screws were used in this case.
QH2: Ensuring Long Service Life
A soil survey was performed before decisions were made on the unique foundation composition and style, in
conjunction with a structural designer. Specifically, the style of the foundation differs between the upper andlower levels of the earth platform. That on the lower level binds independent foundations using undergroundbeams, while the upper level has a concrete mat foundation. The wooden structure built on the foundations
employed traditional framework construction with 120 mm-square pillars, and the skills of local carpenters were
fully utilized in the processing of connections and joints. The combination of transverse beams, longitudinalbeams, cogged joints, center joints, and dovetail joints produced a beautiful, robust, and resilient structure.
The prevention of internal moisture condensation was important to ensure that the wooden frame would havehigh durability, so specific measures were taken including underfloor ventilation, a ventilated-air layer inside theexterior walls, continuous insulation partitions, and the installation of moisture-proof sheets in the exterior walls.
In cases where braces or an electricity distribution box are located in a complicated manner, insulation can beblown in to fill the space between the exterior and interior walls. This method was used because, although it iscostly, it was judged to be worth the expense in consideration of long-term durability due to its high reliability.
To assist in maintenance, the water supply and sewerage pipes as well as the main electricity cables were notburied in concrete, and inspection holes were located as necessary. Header piping was used for water and hotwater supply to facilitate future extension. After completion of the building, a manual on living in the house wasprepared to provide information on design objectives, airflow/ventilation, usability, and maintenance procedures.

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Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)

QH3: Creating a Richer Townscape and Ecosystem
There is no other building in the area with awatchtower. The location of the site, which is not ahigh-density residential area, imposed few limitations
on the shape of the building and made an unrestricted
design possible. Nevertheless, the house matches thesurrounding buildings because the depth of its eaves(900-1,000 mm), the color of the exterior finish, andthe pitch of the roofs of neighboring homes were allconsidered in the design, and materials subject to age
deterioration were used. The watchtower is an
integrated response to the desire of the owner for a
private space in an elevated place to read books, theneed for indoor climate control, and landscape design.
Although preference was given to local timber,
Douglas fir with its structural toughness was used fortransverse and longitudinal beams, while cedar was used for the pillars. However, Japanese cypress from
Saitama Prefecture was used for the diagonal braces and struts that support the sill and floor.

3

LRH1: Conserving Energy and Water
In addition to passive energy-saving measures to reduce the thermal load, active measures were employedsuch as the use of energy-saving equipment and the installation of solar power panels producing 1.8 kW ofelectricity to make use of an average of more than 200 hours of sunlight per month during winter. These helped
to create a house in which people can live without depending heavily on fossil fuels.
A heat-pump water heater (coefficient of performance [COP]: 4.55) using a natural refrigerant (CO2) was
selected because it had the highest energy-conservation rating of electric water heaters used at that time. This
heater, made of stainless steel, is durable, sanitary, and equipped with a 370-liter hot-water storage tank. Warm
white fluorescent lights were chosen for light fixtures as much as possible. In places such as the exterior or thewatchtower, where bulb replacement is not easy, bulbs with a longer life were used.

LRH2: Using Resources Sparingly and Reducing Waste
Insulation made from recycled PET bottles was adopted for exterior use. Standardization during the material
production stage to reduce waste was not introduced other than the 910 module (910 mm) used for conventional
construction. Thus, efforts were not actively made to reduce the generation of byproducts. However, data and an
explanation encouraging recycling were offered to the builders at the building site before construction

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Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documentscommenced. Also, materials used in the house were listed in the manual on living in the house provided to theowner, although information on recycling and disposal of used materials has yet to be given and remains an
issue to be solved.
LRH3: Consideration of the Global, Regional, and Surrounding Environment
The building site is located in an area that has a history datingback to the Edo Period and some of the trees in the garden are
more than 100 years old. Therefore, existing trees were
preserved as much as possible and a variety of new trees wereselected for planting. A horseshoe-shaped pergola, whereclimbing plants (such as climbing roses and trumpet creepers)
are to be planted, was placed in the north garden on the earth
platform. The combination of new shade trees around thepergola, the existing trees, and a water feature will create a newcool area around the house that generates a milder climate inwhich the occupants will be able to enjoy a healthy andcomfortable life in concert with the changing seasons.
Outline of specifications:Classification

Item

Products
Room

Interior finish

Sheathingmaterial
Functional
materials forfinishes

Fittings

Otherfunctional
materials

Floor materials

Entrance
First floor
Second floor
Protective coating for wood Floor/pillars
Stairs
Glued
Stairslaminatedwood ofJapanesecedarJapanese-style room
Tatami mats Rush mats
Plastering material
Entrance hall, Japanese-style room
Living room, dining room
Japanese washi paper
Japanese-style room
Second floor
Paint
Washroom, lavatory
KitchenWall tiles
Tiles
Kitchen
JointsWashroom
Wall tiles
Washroom
JointsBathroom
Wall tiles
Bathroom
Wall joints
Bathroom
Wall tiles
Bathroom
Floor joints
Sheathing roof boards
Adhesive for floor
Adhesive for tiles

Adhesive for Japanesewashi paper
Surface
Interior
material
doors
Adhesive
Coating
SurfacePapersliding doors materials

Entrance floor, bathroom floor
Kitchen walls, washroom walls,
bathroom walls
Entrance, Japanese-style room,
dining room, etc.
Lavatory, washroom, etc.

Japanese-style room

Adhesive
Urethane coating
Kitchen counter, living room table
Coating for spiral staircase Entrance, halland steel pillars of entrance
Caulking compound forsashesAnti-termite Cedar oil +wood vinegar
treatment
Coating for exterior wood
Coating for Undercoatingexterior steel Finish
coating
Insulation material

Exterior finish Diatomaceous earth
coating

Names of products
Teppeiseki stones
Cypress floor board 15 mm
Nanba larch panels 36 mm
Unbleached beeswax
Larch panels"Yasuragibingo" rush mats
"Nakakirishima Wall" SN2"Nakakirishima Wall" SN4"Kurokaji-junkozoshi" SA-03"Yake-iri-junkozoshi" SA-04
FOBW-100NET/3"Superclean Kitchen" SK-22 (gray)"Interior Mosaic Shirishia" IM-50P1/CK1B"Superclean Bath/Toilet" SS-11K (white)
100 mm square M02"Superclean Bath/Toilet SS-11K" (white)"Thermotile Slate" ST-33 300 mm square"Superclean Bath/Toilet" SS-23K (dark gray)Cedar finished sheathing roof board 12 mm
Not used due to nailing
Mortar
A-51N"Harebare" (starch-based glue)
Birch plywood
New CH18
Unbleached beeswax"Asagami" SA-09 (hemp paper), partly "Junkozoshi" SA-07(Japanese washi paper made from paper mulberry containing
persimmon tannin)"Harebare""Aqurex Flat" urethane for wood
"Audecoat G Eco",
Japan Paint Manufacturers Association, Edition A, 2001, A2285B (cream-white color) half gloss
PS sealing

Underfloor

Cedar oil + wood vinegar

Timber deck, eave soffits, etc.
Pergola"Wood Long-Eco"
Water-based "Haibon Primer"
Water-based "Fine Urethane" U100

Ceilings, floors
Walls
Exterior walls"Neoma Foam""Perfect Barrier", blown"Keisoutica" (diatomaceous earth) 109, P, roughly brushed finish

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Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Case 6: Steel-frame house in a town with abundant greenery, constructed based on the concept of "living close
to nature"
Outline of building:
The site is in a large-scale residential area developed onreclaimed land. The development was scheduled to have
1,500 detached houses and condominiums. One of thedevelopment concepts for this area is symbiosis with thenatural environment, and the appearance of the town showsan abundance of vegetation and integrated house facades.
The house evaluated here is a prefabricated house completed
in 2005, and was assessed one and a half years after a fourmember family began living in it. Because it is a prefabricatedhouse, this is a case where an assessment was conducted
after all building conditions were determined without any
discussion with the prospective occupants at the design stage.
Outline of assessment:

No. of people in household

Assessment results:

3

230

Zone IVC
Category II residential zone
September 2005
211.9 m2
71.61 m2
134.38 m2
2 stories
Light-gauge steel
construction
4

Assessment dateStage when evaluatedConditions for assessment

Structure and construction

Fukuoka Prefecture

Implementation of assessment

Location
Energy-saving areaclassification
Passive area classification
Area/Zone
Year and month ofcompletion
Site area
Building area
Total floor area
Number of stories

Building
specifications
Site location

After completion
Determined
Determined

Home electric
appliances brought

Determinedin
Number of people

Determined

Exterior

DeterminedPart III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

Considerations and attempts in design:
QH1: Making the Indoor Environment Comfortable, Healthy, and Safe
Insulation meeting the next-generation energy-conservation standards was installed to provide a comfortableinternal atmosphere. Double glazing with heat shielding and heat insulation was used in the windows to reflectsolar radiation during the summer. Although the natural ventilation was only assessed as Level 1 because
openings could not be placed in two directions in a second-floor bedroom, most rooms have windows in two
directions for natural lighting and ventilation. Air conditioners brought in by the occupants are used for heating
and cooling. They are old models, but satisfy the heating and cooling needs of each room and are installed inappropriate positions for the shape of the room or residential area, so were given an assessment of Level 5.
To avoid chemical pollutants, building materials of F☆☆☆☆ rank with the minimum release of formaldehyde
were used for the interior finish, formaldehyde-free wallpaper adhesive was used for the ceilings and walls, andbuilding materials of F☆☆☆ rank or above were used for the interior fittings.
Anticrime measures were assessed as Level 3 because all openings were equipped with two locks in different
places to prevent intrusion. However, this residential area supports "town security" and operates a high-level
anticrime system that includes the installation of security cameras and 24-hour routine patrols by security
guards.
To ensure sufficient light in the rooms, simple opening ratios of 20% or above were required. In particular, alarge opening in the southern wall of the building, which faces a garden, is part of the plan to make active use of
daylight.
QH2: Ensuring Long Service Life
The steel components of the house frame had three layers of rustproofing to ensure high durability. Exteriorwall materials and roof materials were installed using original metal fittings, to avoid damage to the sheathings at
the time of repair or replacement. A header piping system for water supply and drainage facilitates replacement,
and prepares for any future installation of new equipment.
The earthquake resistance of the house was assessed as Grade 3 under the Japan Housing Performance
Indication Standards because of the original frame construction. The house's total floor area of 134 m2 is normal
for a four-member family and a 5LDK (5 bedrooms and living-dining-kitchen area) floor plan. The second floor
was planned as a private area with four private rooms and the first floor was planned so as to be used as anentertainment area for the family or visitors by making the LDK area and the adjacent Japanese-style room
available as an integrated large open space.
QH3: Creating a Richer Townscape and Ecosystem
This residential district was developed on vacant reclaimed land, and the town has been built from scratch withan eye to the harmony of all its buildings. For example, uniformity is ensured throughout the town by using thesame kind of local stone for the exterior stone fences of all houses.
The western side of the house site adjoins a 5.5-meter road, while on the other sides are sites where detachedhouses of the same size will be built. On the site boundary with the street, medium-height and tall trees areplanted with basic low hedges so as not to make the site a closed space while giving variety to the street.

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Similarly, medium-height trees and tall trees are planted with basic hedges about 1,500 mm high to maintainprivacy.
The site area of 212 m2 and building coverage ratio of 34% produced a rather large garden for a Japanese
detached house. Active greening of the garden and the construction of a garage resulted in a 107% ratio ofgreen coverage relative to the site area (the calculation is described in "QH3.2.1 Greening of the premises").
Consideration was also given to the local ecosystem by selecting trees suited to the local climate and creating
living habitats for small animals and plants by generating smaller spaces among the stonework and hedges.
LRH1: Conserving Energy and Water
To reduce energy demand for heating and cooling, insulation that meets the next-generation energyconservation standards is used. However, the air conditioners brought in by the occupants were old models andtheir ability to confirm with the energy-saving standard achievement rate laid down in the Act Concerning the
Rational Use of Energy was unknown, resulting in an assessment of Level 1.
A high-efficiency latent-heat-recovery water heater was installed to save energy. To reduce energy use bylighting, electric appliances, and kitchen equipment, energy-saving lightbulbs, electric toilet seats, and gas
cooking stoves were installed as standard equipment before the house was put on the market, but the current
next-generation energy-conservation standards cannot evaluate them so an assessment of Level 1 was given.
In addition, hybrid ventilation, i.e., ventilation by temperature differentials, was employed to save energy. To
conserve water, water-efficient toilets and a dishwasher were installed.
Installation of the above equipment can be considered as providing an energy-saving infrastructure. However,
the appropriate use of this equipment and the lifestyles of the occupants are important to gain the maximum
energy-saving effects. To communicate such information to the occupants, they were provided with a manualcontaining instructions for the use of each appliance and advice on appropriate lifestyles in the house.
LRH2: Using Resources Sparingly and Reducing Waste
Some of the components used in the building come from recycled materials. For example, the basic materialof the roof tiles and exterior wall panels contains a raw material extracted from waste timber offcuts, theinsulating glass wool contains raw materials derived from products collected on the site, and the plasterboard
contains raw materials made from wastes generated by other industries.
Wastes generated on the building site were separated into 27 categories and then separated into more than
60 categories in the factory so they could be reused. The establishment of a resource recycling system based on
consistent production systems enables efficient recycling.

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Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

LRH3: Consideration of the Global, Regional, and Surrounding Environment
The results of the global warming assessment were not good because this is an existing house, and current
energy-saving standards do not evaluate equipment installed in existing houses. However, the global warming
effect chart shows that the extended life of the building greatly reduces CO2 emissions during the "Construction"
stage.
Protection of the land's form, surface soil, and existing trees was impossible because the building site was
located on newly reclaimed land, but the planting of local trees embodied consideration for the local naturalenvironment.
In principle, the appropriate location of appliance outlets could reduce the effects of noise and exhaust gas on
the neighborhood because the site is sufficiently large. However, the effect of exhaust gas from combustion
appliances was reduced as much as possible by planting trees at least 1.5 m high among the hedges.
Minimizing the area of concrete that prevents rainwater infiltration and placing medium-height and tall trees so
as to overlap the shrubs are effective measures to not only limit increases in soil surface temperatures during
the summer season, but also to create a comfortable thermal environment close to the ground.

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Case 7: Light-gauge steel prefabricated house in suburban building lots for sale (model assessment)
Outline of building:This case assesses the model plan of a light-gauge steel
prefabricated house.
The assessment was performed for the case of standard
specifications of a house in which optional facilities were notinstalled. It was assumed that air conditioners and other homeelectric appliances to be brought in by the occupants had notbeen installed.
The planned site is a building lot for sale in Ichihara City, Chiba
Prefecture. The design of the home's exterior was planned withconsideration for the creation of a pleasant town with substantial
greenery.
Outline of assessment:

3234

Zone IVD
Category I residential zone_
205 m291 m2157 m2
2 stories above ground
Light-gauge steel
4

Conditions for assessment

Assessment results:

Ichihara, Chiba Prefecture

Implementation of assessment

Location
Energy-saving areaclassification
Passive area classification
Area/Zone
Year and month ofcompletion
Site area
Building area
Total floor area
Number of stories
Structure and construction
No. of people in household

Assessment date

March 13, 2007

Stage when evaluated

AssumedBuilding
specifications
Site location

AssumedAssumedHome electric
appliances brought

Assumedin
Number of people

AssumedExterior

AssumedPart III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

Considerations and attempts in design:
QH1: Making the Indoor Environment Comfortable, Healthy, and Safe
The strict insulation specifications include the thermal
insulation outer wall with air layer to improve the basic
ability of the building to handle heat and cold (Grade 4
assessment under the Energy-Saving Action Grades in theJapan Housing Performance Indication Standards).
The heat insulation method used for the exterior walls
creates an air layer in the wall and so helps improve theamenity by decreasing the heat bridge effect andpreventing moisture condensation in the wall.
Bringing in outside air and discharging heat are effective
ways to deal with heat during summer. However, windows
in the first floor living room were only placed on one side,making the removal of heat difficult. When considered in A layer of insulation material envelops the entire house.
conjunction with the lack of an air-conditioning system, thisresulted in a low value for "Heating and Cooling."
To prevent sick house syndrome, building materials of F☆☆☆☆ grade were used for both the interior finish
and the inside of the ceiling.
A number of security measures were taken to ensure safety, including the installation of crime-prevention
architectural components in all doors and windows on the first floor, and the window of the second floor balcony.

Moisture permeable/waterproof
sheet

Moisture-proof filmwith vapordepositedaluminum coating

Ventilated-air layer

Outside the room

Moisture

Inside the room

Exterior wall Outside Filled
Plasterboard
insulation insulationmaterialmaterial① Precision factory-manufactured moisture-proof film with a vapor-deposited aluminum coating acts as a barrier tomoisture generated in rooms.
② The air layer discharges any moisture inside the walls to the outside, thus preventing the condensation of moisture in
the walls that could corrode building materials and reduce their service life.
Cross section of the thermal insulation layer in the outer wall

Main lock(with a guard lock)
Guard edge

Auxiliary lock(sickle lock)

Security measures incorporated in the front door

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Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)

QH2: Ensuring Long Service Life
A highly durable and earthquake-resistant building frame
improved the building's basic performance to ensure a longservice life (Grade 4 assessment under the Deterioration
Resistance Grades (Building Structure, etc.) and Grade 3
assessment under the Seismic Resistance Grades(Prevention of Collapse of Building Structures) of the Japan
Housing Performance Indication Standards).
The facilities for inspecting and cleaning water supply anddrainage equipment were improved (Grade 3 assessment
under the Maintenance Grades (Dedicated Piping) of theJapan Housing Performance Indication Standards). Also,
the use of a water supply/hot-water supply header and a
Barrier-free design (flat floor surface)drainage header will facilitate any future extension or
replacement. A maintenance and inspection system that
forms part of a long-term maintenance program, the provision of a manual to the occupants when they move into
the house, and the issuance of certificates after regular inspections provide for the house's long-term
maintenance.
In terms of functionality, the building was planned with a barrier-free design (Grade 3 assessment under the
Elderly Friendliness Grades (Dedicated Spaces) of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards) andthe appropriate space and floor plans were secured so that it could be used by the next generation.
QH3: Creating a Richer Townscape and Ecosystem
The planting of tall trees and shrubs for wild birds in the garden of about 50 m2 (approximately 60% of theexternal area) creates a biological environment on the site.
Also, an open area planned for the side facing the road and along the boundaries with the adjacent land,
together with the provision of evacuation routes and space for firefighting, contribute to the safety and security of
the community.
LRH1: Conserving Energy and Water
Energy conservation was the aim of the high-quality insulation in the building (Grade 4 assessment under the
Energy-Saving Action Grades of the Japan Housing Performance Indication Standards). However, insufficientuse of natural energy, such as solar radiation and natural wind, led to a low evaluation in "Energy Saving
through Building Innovation."
Highly efficient water-heater and ventilation systems were installed. Further energy savings were realized byinstalling an insulated bathtub and a solar power generation system.

3

LRH2: Using Resources Sparingly and Reducing Waste
Concern for resource conservation and waste reduction was shown by using cedar plywood that is recyclable
for the roof sheathing material as well as the subfloor material on the first floor; cellulose fiber, which is a
recycled material, to insulate the attic; and particleboard for the subfloor material on the second floor.
Furthermore, zero emissions were achieved in the relevant factories and on the construction site.

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Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

LRH3: Consideration of the Global, Regional, and Surrounding Environment
Active greening of the site was performed to improve the thermal environment around the house.

One-third of the area of the visible facade of the house (up to 3 meters from the ground) is covered with green andshade. This offers not only the aesthetic benefit of exposing seasonal colors and flowers, but also the environmental
benefits of shade and allowing breezes to enter the house, while giving privacy and assisting with security.

Outline of specifications:
Outline ofstructure
Insulation
specifications
Exterior finish

Interior finish

Facilities

Continuous footing: reinforced-concrete construction
Light-gauge steel construction
Sloping roof 4.5/10
Cellulose fiber (blown in)
Glass wool boards + glass wool
Glass wool
Colored slate
Roof
Eave soffits Decorated calcium silicate boards
Fibrous cement calcium silicate boards
Exterior wall
Structural plywood
First floor
Subfloor
Second floor Particleboard
Plasterboard
Wall material
Plasterboard
Ceiling sheathing
Wooden floor
Floor finish
Laminated flooring
Lavatory
Gas water heater (size: 20)
Hot-water supply
Insulated bathtub
Bathtub
Solar power generation system 3 kW
Foundation
Building frames
Roof
Attic space
Exterior wall
First floor
Roof

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Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Case 8: Wooden house in a suburban area
Outline of building:
The house is located in the suburbs of a city in Ibaraki Prefecture and isadjacent to a large park on its western side. A large opening extending to thefloor was placed in the western side of the living room from which 10-meterhigh deciduous trees in the park can be seen, so that the occupants canappreciate the seasonal changes. The site extends from east to west, making
it impossible to secure sufficient space in the south of the site to takeadvantage of the sun's rays during winter. Therefore, the performance of thebuilding's insulation was planned so as to be equivalent to, or better than, thelevel defined in the next-generation energy-conservation standards. Because
the northern side of the building is close to a neighboring building,consideration was given to the noise and exhaust of the water heater.
Outline of assessment:

3

238

Zone IVD
Category I residential zone
February 20072

141.9 m56.88 m2
109.84 m2
2 stories
2 x 6 (unit) construction
4

Conditions for assessment

Assessment results:

Ibaraki Prefecture

Implementation of assessment

Location
Energy-saving areaclassification
Passive area classification
Area/Zone
Year and month ofcompletion
Site area
Building area
Total floor area
Number of stories
Structure and construction
No. of people in household

Assessment dateAugust 20, 2007

Stage when evaluatedOccupancy

Building
specifications
Site location

Determined
Determined

Home electric
appliances brought

Determinedin
Number of people

Determined

Exterior

DeterminedPart III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

Considerations and attempts in design:
QH1: Making the Indoor Environment Comfortable, Healthy, and Safe
The narrow rectangular site running from east to west makes it impossible to secure enough space in thesouth of the block to take advantage of the sun's rays during winter. The house's design was therefore focusedon the insulation/airtightness performance of the building to achieve both amenity (by exploiting interiorhorizontal and vertical temperature differences) and energy conservation (reducing the air-conditioning demand).
Insulation materials made from fine-fiber glass wool (GW 13K/200 mm, GW 13K/140 mm, and GW 13K/140 mm)
were respectively placed in the roof, walls, and floor. All window openings have sashes made from aluminumand resin and low-emissivity (low-e) glass to limit the heat loss as much as possible, giving the whole house a Q
value of 1.6 W/m2 K. This value is equivalent to, or greater than, the level defined in the next-generation energyconservation standards (equivalent to the level of Zone I).
Large openings were placed in the southern side of the building (the opening ratio of the southern side is 49%)
to allow sufficient entrance of daylight and direct solar radiation, while the main rooms-the living-dining-kitchenarea and bedrooms-have openings in two directions to allow natural ventilation. In addition, an open room plan
was used to allow natural ventilation, a barrier-free heat flow, and air conditioning of the entire building 24 hours
a day (which has healthcare benefits such as prevention of heat shock). A class I heat-exchange ventilation
system was employed to provide sufficient ventilation for each room and conserve energy. Shutters and screensin the first floor windows and laminated glass in the second floor windows were installed for security purposes.

Underfloor ventilation
Heat exchange

High-performance three-layer filter
NO2 filter
Removes 80% or moreof NO2 in a room.

Polluted air

Dust filter
Inhibits the effects of accumulated
allergenic substances.
Collects 95% of pollen in a room.

Prefilter
Outside air
Discharge

Heat pump
Winter: humidification
Rainy season: dehumidification

External area
Total heat-exchange element
Total heat-exchange method to reduce
air-conditioning demand

Compound sash of aluminum and resin(laminated glass specification)

Ventilation system

QH2: Ensuring Long Service LifeThe exterior walls have an air layer to remove moisture that may penetrate the walls, in order to help maintainthe building's durability (Grade 3 assessment under the Deterioration Resistance Grades (Building Structure,etc.) as specified in the Housing Quality Assurance Act). A soil survey indicated that the load-bearing capacity ofthe building's foundations was 3 tons. A mat foundation was used and its
surface directly under the floor was covered with concrete. The walls of thehouse are of the high-load-bearing type and were erected in a balancedmanner to ensure earthquake resistance (Grade 3 assessment under the
Seismic Resistance Grades (Prevention of Collapse of Building Structures)as specified in the Housing Quality Assurance Act).
Header piping was used for both water supply (hot-water supply) anddrainage so that any future extension of water supply and drainage pipes
can be easily managed (Grade 3 assessment under the Maintenance
Grades (Dedicated Piping) as specified in the Housing Quality Assurance
Mat foundation
Act).
This is a rather small building for
four occupants, with four rooms plus aliving-dining-kitchen area in a total
floor area of 109 m2. Two children's
rooms are connected via a study area
placed in the second floor hall and canbe used as a larger space by opening
movable partitions. Thus, the house's
design takes the interactions of theWater supply header
Drainage header
family members into consideration.

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Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)

QH3: Creating a Richer Townscape and Ecosystem
The layout of the building was influenced by that of the surrounding buildings. Space was made for plants
along the boundary with the road to meet the local building agreement that has a target area for vegetation of
21% of the site. An open space planned for the side facing the road and along the boundary with the adjoining
land, together with the establishment of an evacuation route and area for firefighting, contribute to the safety andsecurity of the community.
LRH1: Conserving Energy and Water
Insulation performance equivalent to or exceeding the next-generation energy-conservation standards wastargeted, so the latest air conditioner (annual performance factor [APF]: 5.7) was selected. The use of naturalenergy was evaluated as Level 1, because the location and shape of the site do not allow sufficient use of thewinter sun.
The house has an electric heat-pump water heater (coefficient of performance [COP]: 4.9). Foam insulation
covers the bathtub and insulation laid under the bathtub reduces heat loss.
Fluorescent lights were primarily used and an induction heater (IH) cooking stove was installed. However, therefrigerator and TV came from another house and their energy-saving standard achievement rates under the Act
Concerning the Rational Use of Energy used for the scoring criteria in this assessment are unknown, resulting ina Level 1 rating. Solar power panels producing 3.97 kW of electricity were placed on the south-facing slope ofthe home's gable roof as high-efficiency energy equipment.
To save water, a thermostat type water faucet plus a water-saving shower head equipped with a handoperated water-shutoff mechanism were installed in the bathroom, and a dishwasher and water-saving type
toilet were also installed.
An energy simulation conducted during the design stage using heating and lighting costs in the owner's
previous house showed the benefits of the energy-conservation equipment, and instruction manuals on how to
use such equipment installed in this house were provided.

3

Solar power generation system

Energy consumption monitoring system
High-efficiency water heater

LRH2: Using Resources Sparingly and Reducing Waste
The house frames consist of timber from FSC-certified forests. In addition, the materials used for some of theinterior and exterior finish were selected with a view to resource conservation. For example, some of the wastematerial generated in the production process was reused for the exterior walls, and recycled materials such as
recycled wooden boards or plasterboard were used as sheathing materials for the walls, roof, interior walls, andfloor. However, the finish for the ceiling and interior walls is typical wallpaper due to cost and maintenanceissues.
Furthermore, wastes generated in component factories and on the construction site were separated to improve
the proportion of recycled materials, with the aim of achieving zero emissions.
LRH3: Consideration of the Global, Regional, and Surrounding Environment
When the water heater was installed, consideration of exhaust and noise was necessary because the house isclose to the adjoining land. With regard to the exhaust, the heater was located away from the windows anddoors of the neighboring house and an attempt was made to attach additional directional louvers. To reducenoise, a relatively quiet unit (sound pressure level [SPL]: 40 dB) was selected. The outdoor unit of the air
conditioner is somewhat noisy (47 dB for cooling and 49 dB for heating), so it was placed well away (at least 3
meters) from the adjacent land.
The establishment of vegetation is still at the design stage, but the planned green coverage was set at 29% inview of the surrounding thermal environment. However, the paved area takes up about 25% of the site because

240Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documentsof the need for a two-car parking space, and an entranceway that joins the different road and site levels isneeded.
A rainwater infiltration pit was installed to reduce the load on the local sewerage infrastructure.

Directional louvers for the water heater

Site of the air conditioner outdoor unit

Outline of specifications:
Building
frames

Structure
Insulation

2 x 6 unit construction with ventilated-air layer insideexterior walls
Fine-fiber GW 13K/200 mm
Fine-fiber GW 13K/140 mm
Fine-fiber GW 13K/140 mm
Compound sash of aluminum and resin + low-e glass

Roof
Walls
Floor
Windows
Particleboard 20 mm
Interior finish Subfloor
Plasterboard 12.5 mm
Wall material
Ceiling sheathing Plasterboard 12.5 mm
Wooden floor
Floor finish
LDK, bedrooms
Western-style room, Wooden floor + tatami matsJapanese-style room
Washroom, lavatory Soft floor
Antibacterial vinyl wallpaper
Wall finish
Antibacterial vinyl wallpaper
Ceiling finish
Plywood + decorative polyolefin sheet
StairsHardwood block cement plates + acrylic silicon coating
Exterior finish Exterior wall finish
Polymer reinforced fiber-based cement roof tiles +Roof finish
inorganic coating
Electric heat-pump water heaterHot-water supply
Facilities
Air conditioner
Air-conditioning system
3.97 kW (single-crystal) system (with electric power
Solar power generation systemmonitor)

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Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Case 9: Wooden house that makes effective use of local timber
Location: Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture
Land use zone: Category I exclusively low-story residential zone
Energy-saving area classification: Zone IV
Structure and construction: Conventional wooden construction
Number of stories: 2 stories above ground
Site area: 142 m2
Building area: 65 m2
Total floor area: 113 m2
No. of people in household: 73242

Local timber was used not only for the structural materials but also for the fittings and interior finish because the owner strongly wished
to use local timber grown in the local climate. As a consequence of seeking to create a house that takes advantage of all the properties
of wood, the minimum necessary equipment to allow daylight and natural airflow into the house was installed.

One of the primary objectives was allowing the owner to easily
understand how the house was built, such as by showing theworkmanship of carpenters who process wood by hand.
Consequently, when linked with the objective of using local timber,
unprocessed timber was used instead of industrially processedwood to make the kitchen counter and shelves, and this required
less energy than processed timber.

For the interior finish, local unprocessed timber was actively used
to minimize the need for new construction materials. The materials
are expected to adjust to variations in humidity, and consideration
was given in the floor plan and when locating openings to ensurea natural airflow and the entry of daylight (e.g., effective use of
skylights). Sheathing roof boards and insulation boards were usedin the roof in order to reduce the noise of rain.

Underfloor ventilation incorporated both foundation packing andregular ventilation openings. Because of the size of the lot, thearea available for the house itself was small relative to the family
size. Thus, the house was designed so that partitions could be
used to modify space in accordance with the children’s growth anda loft was also built.

Because of design preferences and local building characteristics,
the house was given a Japanese-style appearance, including atiled roof with long eaves and lattice walls. With regard to planting,existing plants were preserved and a new planted area wascreated next to the parking lot, while the parking lot itself wascovered with permeable material.

Although the installation of a solar water heater was examined, itturned out to be too difficult to use in conjunction with an electricwater heater. Consequently, equipment of general specifications
was adopted. Consideration was given to the location of the airconditioning system and its outdoor unit. In addition, rooms thatwould be used for long periods of time were equipped as much as
possible with fluorescent lights and compact fluorescent lights.

Local timber was used as efficiently as possible for structural andinterior materials. Unprocessed timber was mainly used inconjunction with plastering, which helped to reduce constructionwaste.

The neighbors were taken into consideration when locatingbuilding openings and the outdoor units of the air conditioner.
Plants were kept in their original positions as much as possible,
since the house was rebuilt on the site of a former structure. The
owner considered the installation of a rainwater supply systemafter the house was completed, and was advised on its installationand operation.

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

Case 10: Wooden house built with comprehensive environmental consideration
Location: Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture
Land use zone: Category I exclusively low-story residential zone
Energy-saving area classification: Zone IV
Structure and construction: Wooden structure, two-by-four construction
Number of stories: 2 stories above ground
Site area: 127 m2
Building area: 70 m2
Total floor area: 123 m2
No. of people in household: 4This building incorporates measures for safety, comfort, health, and economic efficiency as set forth in the housing charter of the World
Health Organization (WHO)), as well as CO2 emissions. It was designed to protect asset value while considering the global environment(zero energy consumption) and a long service life (100-year lifespan) by paying attention to the region and landscape and by achieving
the thermal environment desired by the owner.

The focus was placed on the thermal environment. Rigid
polyurethane foam more than 100 mm thick was laid in the floors,
walls, and ceilings. The airflow and insulation were controlled by
the positions of the openings and the use of heat-reflecting glass.
Heating and cooling is performed by a highly efficient airconditioning system. The ventilation target was set at 0.5 or less interms of airtightness measurement, with ventilation planned to becontinuous for 24 hours per day. Insulated doors and sashes were
installed.

Prolongation of the life of the building’s frame was promoted by
the use of dried timber and the adoption of a construction methodby which a ventilated-air layer is created inside the exterior walls.
A seismic-resistant design, complete electrification, and a watersupply header system were adopted. Maintenance management
was considered by providing maintenance manuals for the houseand equipment as well as other basic information.

The building was designed to harmonize with neighboringbuildings.

The water heater was installed inside the house, taking theutilization of its radiative heat into consideration. Water-saving
toilets and a dishwasher were also installed. Instruction manuals
for the building and its equipment were provided to give theoccupants relevant information.

Timber from sustainably managed forests was used in thebuilding. The generation of byproducts at the building frame
production and processing stages was limited, and the occupants
were provided with related information.

Measures were taken against vibration, noise, exhaust gases, andwaste heat in consideration of the neighbors.

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Part IIICASBEE for Home (Detached House)

Case 11: Wooden passive type house constructed in a new town
Location: Ogoori City, Fukuoka Prefecture
Land use zone: Category I medium-high oriented
residential zone
Energy-saving area classification: Zone IV
Structure and construction: Conventional wooden
construction
Number of stories: 2 stories above ground
Site area: 265 m2
Building area: 695 m2
Total floor area: 111 m2
No. of people in household: 4

3

The first priority was making maximum use of available natural energy. The doors and windows can be opened completely during
summer, and insulation and airtightness are good. Because the design aimed to produce clean air, the use of building materials that
could emit total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) was restricted. A skylight in the ceiling also allows the discharge of heat andstagnant air, resulting in a passive volumetric floor plan.

244

The effective use of natural energy was prioritized in creating thethermal environment. The building was designed so that sunlight,
heat, and wind can passively enter the rooms, and the equipment
was located to support this strategy. This principle is reflected in
the functional design of openings and eaves that take into accountthe angle of the sun.

A framework that could be manipulated, including the use ofwooden joints, was adopted to allow possible changes in the floor
plan. The quality of the wooden joinery was guaranteed after
selecting the most appropriate timber for each function. The pipingof equipment whose life could affect the life of the house wasplaced aboveground for easy maintenance and prevention ofdeterioration. Measures to limit moisture around the house help toprotect the strength of the foundations.

The site is flat with an area of about 3,300 m2, which was divided
into 11 lots. It has no vegetation at all. Creating an ecologicalsystem and residential area from scratch is an important issue
here. In the early stages of planning the town area, it was decided
that a natural landscape would dominate as much as possible. For
example, the designers aimed at converting the entire housing
complex into a biotope by creating gardens with a variety of small
trees.

The design premise is a completely passive house, and the design
attempts to realize this by the effective use of solar radiation
during winter and by drawing in outdoor air through naturalventilation during summer. With the aim of reducing energy
consumption by air conditioners, the openings were designed toensure a comfortable temperature range in the house. In addition
to the above measures, the establishment of vegetation outside
the house allows rainwater to infiltrate the ground over the entire
site.

The use of timber from well-managed forests for all of the frames
and associated wooden parts of the house was adopted as astandard specification. The choice of the most appropriate timber
for each function was also a design requirement. To reduce thevolume of wood waste, a house design utilizing measurementsthat improved the rate of timber yield was chosen. Secondary
manufactured wooden products were not used. Complete use oftimber components was promoted by a design based on modules
using the Japanese measuring system.

The buildings and gardens are to be arranged so as to be a
prototype of a new kind of housing area. Over the wholelandscape, the green matrix is to be used in a natural way to link
the existing adjoining blocks. As the building has no hidden sides
due to its location, a design with distinct front and back sides was
not possible. It was important to take the initiative in producing an
ecological design that integrates the town and nature.

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

Case 12: Eco-friendly wooden house
Location: Shiraoka Town, Minami-Saitama, Saitama Prefecture
Land use zone: Category II medium-high oriented residential zone
Energy-saving area classification: Zone IV
Structure and construction: Conventional wooden construction
Number of stories: 2 stories above ground
Site area: 157 m2
Building area: 77 m2
Total floor area: 136 m2
No. of people in household: 4

The design satisfied the ownerÅfs diverse requirements, such as energy conservation, use of natural materials, use of domestic andlocal timber, ease of living, high deterioration resistance, high seismic resistance, and integration into the neighborhood, while making
use of conventional wooden construction methods.

1. The house is well insulated and airtight, with ventilation
controlled by the opening and closing of openings.
2. Consideration has been given to human health in the selectionof materials, and the building is secure against crime anddisasters.
3. The house meets the demands of modern living in terms ofdesign, equipment, and the thermal environment; i.e., temperatureand humidity, airflow, ventilation, the use of daylight, lighting,cooling and heating systems, etc.

The policy is to use high-quality products that last for a long time.
1. Use of materials that degrade slowly and can be easily
repaired.
2. Easy accessibility to the materials and structure in the future,
due to the use of an open construction method.
3. Use of materials and details whose maintenance is easy.
4. Use of a construction method that allows easy extension andreconstruction.

Consideration for the community is shown through the sharing ofdetailed information on local characteristics, the district plan, andthe local ecosystem with the owner.

1. An internally recycling residence was aimed for, so nextgeneration energy-conservation measures, natural energy, and thebenefits of nature were harnessed. Highly efficient equipment that
promotes energy saving and water conservation was installed.
2. In addition to hardware for energy saving, information on betterstyles of living and other useful information was provided.

1. Significant amounts of recyclable materials were used, andrecycled materials were used as much as possible.
2. Design and construction methods that do not generate waste
were adopted, and the reuse of waste was promoted.

1. The design and equipment were chosen in relation to thecharacteristics of the local neighborhood. 2. Rainwater wasallowed to infiltrate into the site and its use was promoted. 3.
Existing trees were protected and further greening of the site wasconducted.

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Case 13: Wooden house focusing on basic performance
Location: Hachioji City, Tokyo
Land use zone: Category I residential zone
Energy-saving area classification: Zone IV
Structure and construction: Conventional wooden construction
Number of stories: 2 stories above ground
Site area: 174 m2
Building area: 67 m2
Total floor area: 134 m2
No. of people in household: 1 or 2

3

This environmental-control house is built on the western face of a cliff that has a high environmental potential. To avoid
manufacturing processes determined by industrial capital, the use of natural materials, human labor, and the value ofcraftsmanship and skills were emphasized. This style of wooden house created by an “old but new” production approach
was named “Mirai Wafuu” (Future Japanese Style). The house introduced here is the first in the “Mirai Wafuu” series.

246

Emphasis was put on the skilled labor of craftsmen to move away from the current
method of building houses, which depends on cutting and attaching industrial
products. In other words, value is placed on the expression of manual dexterity.
The building was designed as a whole to reduce the amount of maintenance workwhen completed. Self-cleaning windows and ventilation sashes were installed,and “Hydrotect” coating was applied. A heater system utilizing ground heat was
adopted (operated during the spring, summer, and autumn seasons).

The house uses lime plaster and timber from trees felled justbefore a new moon and dried without removing their branches andleaves. Neither plywood nor gypsum board were used. Natural oil
was applied instead of paint with volatile constituents. Industrial
building materials were excluded and whole trees were used forbuilding the house. The design makes full use of natural energy
and enhances the performance of the building frames withvacuum insulation material and high-performance openings.

Natural materials become more attractive as time passes and theowner becomes more attached to them. Skilled craftsmanshipenhances their appearance, which becomes richer and morevaried. The owner will be motivated to continue using the house
because of its strong basic structure and the naturally changing
appearance of the materials.

The house built on the sloping face of a cliff has a unique basic
shape that makes it appear to have been built not vertically but ona slant. This form of building was permitted for the first time under
Article 6, Paragraph 1, Item 4 of the Building Standards Act.

The house is all-electric. Energy efficiency was the first priority inselecting the hot-water supply system, home electric appliances,and lighting. All faucets have automatic sensors to prevent thewastage of water.

Timber cut from Tenryuu cedar is used as the building material it is
air-dried, which does not use fossil fuel. Details of the dried timber
felled before a new moon have been kept for any future reuse ofcomponents. High-value-added timber sourced from entire trees
was used, and even the sawdust was pressed into the walls. The
insulation boards also created no waste wood by being shaped in
the factory.

A new method for slant-type development was adopted.

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

Case 14: Wooden house to be built in a suburban area (model assessment)
Location: Aichi Prefecture
Land use zone: Category I residential zone
Energy-saving area classification: Zone IV
Structure and construction: Conventional wooden construction
Number of stories: 2 stories above ground
Site area: Building area: 71 m2
Total floor area: 130 m2
No. of people in household: 4 (assumed number)This is an airtight, well-insulated house to be built in a suburban area. The home electric appliances to be brought in are assumed tohave high energy-saving standard achievement rates. The overall appearance, except for the car space, will harmonize with thesurrounding buildings and greenery.

The assessment was made at the design stage on the assumptionthat this model house would meet the next-generation energyconservation standards.

It is an airtight, well-insulated house that meets the nextgeneration energy-conservation standards. An exhaust fan is
located in the attic space to assist heat removal.

The house is easy to maintain.

The layout and appearance of the house have been planned so as
to harmonize with the surrounding buildings and landscape.

A small booklet on the appropriate way to live in the house will begiven to the occupants when the house is handed over andguidance will be sent to them by mail twice a year.

Byproducts will be reduced by the process control (PC) of
structural components and thorough classification of byproducts atthe construction site.

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Case 15: Wooden house in an urban area equipped with the latest facilities
Location: Tokyo
Land use zone: Category I exclusively low-story residential zone
Energy-saving area classification: Zone IV
Structure and construction: Conventional wooden construction
Number of stories: 2 stories above ground
Site area: 101 m2
Building area: 48 m2
Total floor area: 80 m2
No. of people in household: 33This is an all-electric house whose basic design concept is “to make a small house feel roomy, comfortable, and environmentallyfriendly.” The second floor contains an integrated space without partitions that centers on a kitchen, and a living/dining room with a highceiling is arranged across a loft above the kitchen. On the first floor, all partitions used for private rooms are movable to allow possible
adjustments in the lifestyle of the owner’s family. The design focuses on a good balance between “closed performance” and “openperformance.” In particular, insulation and airtightness are good because highly efficient equipment was installed, while due
consideration was given in the plan for the entry of wind and daylight, as shown by the terraces installed in a diagonal line on the second
floor and the insulated windows with wooden frames.

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Specifications for insulation and airtightness equivalent to the nextgeneration energy-conservation standards were adopted to reduce theheat load, and openings were located to ensure appropriate pathways
for breezes and heat removal. Attention was also paid to air quality byvarious means such as measures against volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in building materials, an appropriate ventilation plan, and theuse of natural materials for interior walls and ceilings (plastered walls)
as well as humidity-controlling building materials.

The house was designed so as to prevent damage to thebuilding frames. For example, it satisfies the requirements ofSeismic Resistance Grade 3 and Wind Resistance Grade 2 of
the Housing Quality Assurance Act.

As many plants as possible growing on the site were preserved
and, as a result, 68% of the area outside the house was kept as
green space. Visibility has been maintained by not building fences
between the property and the road, while the house’s position andexterior design conform with the district plan.

A high-efficiency heat-pump cooling and heating system (with hotwater floor heating), high-efficiency floor-heating panels with a highheat-radiating capacity, and ceiling fans were installed. This choice ofequipment saves energy and creates a comfortable atmosphere evenin a large space. The house is all-electric, and is equipped with ahighly efficient water heater (“Eco-cute”) and an information
technology (IT) type power distribution board (with peak cut function)that allows the control of home appliances from other locations; thishelps to reduce fuel and lighting costs as well as energy consumption.

Attention was paid to waste reduction at the construction stage
by using precut timber.

Storage space for separated waste was provided under a terrace
bench located on the second floor to reduce the waste disposal
load. The plans aim at protection of the existing naturalenvironment, and plants on the site will be kept intact as much as
possible.

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

Case 16: Wooden house designed with consideration for energy conservation
Location: Nerima Ward, Tokyo
Land use zone: Category I residential zone
Energy-saving area classification: Zone IV
Structure and construction: Conventional wooden
construction
Number of stories: 2 stories above ground
Site area: 117 m2
Building area: 68 m2
Total floor area: 116 m2
No. of people in household: 3

The owner couple previously lived in an apartment with their five-year-old child, and built this house for themselves. The family will soon
have a second child, and a large integrated space comprising a living room, dining room, and kitchen was planned so the family could
get together, while ensuring that individual family members have their own room including future children’s rooms. During planning,
consideration was given to increasing energy conservation and security by improving both the building and its facilities so the family will
be able to live safely in the house for a long time.

The house is located in a quiet residential block with a long
history; it is close to a suburban terminal station and manyeducational institutions. Although it was difficult to green the site
because of its characteristics, the room plan effectively uses alarge old tree growing in a neighbor’s yard as “borrowedlandscape.”

The basic specifications of the house were set to meet Level 5 inboth “Ensuring thermal insulation and airtightness performance”
and “Countermeasures against chemical contaminants.” In
addition, the whole indoor environment has been enhanced byensuring airflow through all rooms and an appropriate cooling andheating plan.

Durable materials and a strong construction method were used forthe building frames, exterior walls, and roof. Both “Resistanceagainst natural disasters” and “Early detection of fire” have a Level
5 rating. These measures will allow the family to live safely in thehouse for a long time. Also, building maintenance was made easyby specifying appropriate equipment and establishing amanagement system.

The house was given an earth color so it would be in harmony
with the surrounding landscape. Trees providing food for birds
were planted, although a large area of vegetation could not beestablished because of the site characteristics. An outdoor lightwith a sensor was installed for security and to provide visibility atnight.

A gas engine cogeneration system was used to supply hot water,
heat, and part of the house’s electricity needs. A solar powersystem was also installed, which helps to reduce primary energy
demand. Other ideas that could contribute to the reduction ofenergy consumption throughout various living activities were also
adopted, such as meters showing water and energy use.

With regard to the exterior and interior finish materials, recycledmaterials were used for the sheathings. A reduction in the house’senvironmental load was realized by processing materials at afactory that has achieved zero emissions and by reducing wastage
at the construction stage.

Because the space between this house and neighboring houses issmall, the location of equipment and the method of installation
were chosen so as to not have an impact on neighbors. Whenplanning the overall layout, some consideration was given such as
the planting of local tree species. However, the contributions to“Improvement of the thermal environment of the surrounding area”
and “Control of the burden on the local infrastructure” are low due
to concrete finishing in more than half of the external area.

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Case 17: Wooden house in an urban area equipped with the latest facilities
Location: Tokyo
Land use zone: Category I residential zone
Energy-saving area classification: Zone IV
Structure and construction: Conventional wooden construction
Number of stories: 2 stories above ground
Site area: 146 m2
Building area: 69 m2
Total floor area: 116 m2
No. of people in household: 33This is a conventional wooden house built by a leading housing company. Its basic performance achieves the next-generation energyconservation standards. A home cogeneration system incorporating a fuel cell and a latent-heat-recovery type water heater supplies
electricity and heat. This and the building’s excellent insulation properties create an energy-efficient residence.

250

The efficiency of the insulation meets the requirements of Grade 3
in the Energy-Saving Action Grades of the Japan Housing
Performance Indication Standards. Airflow in two directions is
possible in all rooms. A multipurpose room was designed to allow
natural ventilation through its vaulted ceiling.

The design makes the building highly durable and gives it a longlife. A large space is created on the first floor by connecting theliving/dining room with the multipurpose room that permits theoccupants to use these rooms in various ways. The layout of thesecond floor provides flexibility, with partition walls that can beremoved if necessary in the future.

The plan for the external area took the surrounding landscape into
consideration. For example, a green area faces the road, andflowerbeds and garden trees were arranged so as to be visible bypedestrians through a mesh fence.

The latest home fuel-cell cogeneration system was installed togenerate power on site, and waste heat recovered from thissystem is used efficiently.

Waste was reduced by using precut materials and separate
collection of waste at the construction site.

Concrete surfaces were minimized on site, including the car
parking space, which has a rainwater-permeable surface.
Sustainably grown timber was used for the building frames.

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

Case 18: Prefabricated steel-frame house built in an eco-friendly town
Location: Inagi City, Tokyo
Land use zone: Category I residential zone
Energy-saving area classification: Zone IV
Structure and construction: Steel framework construction
Number of stories: 2 stories above ground
Site area: Building area: 62 m2
Total floor area: 117 m2
No. of people in household: 3This eco-friendly prefabricated steel-frame house built in a residential development takes the environment and townscape into
consideration. The building achieved the highest levels for the performance of insulation, airtightness, and deterioration resistance,
which are basic performance indicators. A variety of energy- and water-efficient equipment and home electric appliances were installed.
In the garden, various types of trees, especially local species, were planted in addition to a lawn. Hedges were planted around theborder of the site to ensure visibility. The environment of the townscape as well as that of the building and its external area wereconsidered.

The house has the highest possible ranking for thermal insulation
and airtightness performance. Each room has openings in two
directions to ensure airflow. A high-quality indoor environment was
realized by using floor heating as the main heating method and a
dedicated ventilation system that services the whole house. A mist
sauna was installed in the bathroom and humidifiers were placedin each living room to provide for the health of the occupants.

The house received the highest grade for deterioration resistanceunder the Housing Quality Assurance Act. Fire alarms are installedin the kitchen and living rooms for fire protection, while themaintenance and support system that contributes to the house’s
long-term use is well organized.

The building lots for sale have been developed with due
consideration given to the natural environment and townscape.
Various types of trees, especially local species, were planted in
the garden. Hedges of 1.2 meters in height were grown around theborders of the site and in the area facing the road to ensure
visibility.

The thermal load of the building itself was reduced by adopting
next-generation specifications for the insulation. A latent-heatrecovery type heating/water-heater system was installed near thebathroom to reduce heat loss from the pipes, and is used as aheat source for the house and hot-water supply. Fluorescent lights
are the main light source. In addition, energy- or water-saving
facilities were installed, such as a high-efficiency cooking stove,
high-efficiency toilet seat system, water-saving toilets, adishwasher, and water-aeration type faucets.

Large quantities of recycled resources were used in the building.
In addition, waste generated during production and construction
was recycled.

Quiet equipment was installed in the large space between thehouse and neighboring dwellings. The majority of the externalarea was covered with vegetation and lawn, minimizing the paved
area.

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Case 19: Prefabricated steel-frame house built in a suburban area
Location: Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture
Land use zone: Category I residential zone
Energy-saving area classification: Zone IV
Structure and construction: Steel framework construction
Number of stories: 2 stories above ground
Site area: 180 m2
Building area: 69 m2
Total floor area: 128 m2
No. of people in household: 33This house is located on a suburban block. The exterior was planned to match the natural character of the adjoining forested hill.
Consideration of environmental issues was very proactive, as shown in the choice of insulation that performs better than the nextgeneration energy-conservation standards and the use of various types of highly efficient equipment.

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The insulation and indoor air quality achieved the highest levels
under the Housing Quality Assurance Act, ensuring a secure andcomfortable life for the occupants.

The building has the highest level of deterioration resistance as
defined by the Housing Quality Assurance Act, and the support
system for maintenance and refurbishment enables it to beoccupied by future generations.

The planting plan was organized so that many local plant species
would be grown, providing new habitats for the area’s birds andbutterflies.

A gas engine cogeneration system was adopted to suit theoccupants’ lifestyle.

In addition to the active use of recycled materials, a zero-emission
system for recycling waste generated during production andconstruction was established.

The use of pavement was minimized around the house so as not
to interrupt the natural circulation of water.

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

Case 20: Prefabricated wooden house to be built on an undetermined construction site (model assessment)
Location: Land use zone: Category I residential zone
Energy-saving area classification: Zone IV
Structure and construction: Prefabricated wooden construction
Number of stories: 2 stories above ground
Site area: Assumed site area
Building area: 66 m2
Total floor area: 131 m2
No. of people in household: 4

It is intended that this building’s thermal loss coefficient Q, (a measure of the basic performance of a residence) will achieve the value
for the next-generation energy-conservation standards because of good insulation and airtightness created by panel construction andthe use of high-quality materials in the openings.

A Class 1 heat-exchange type ventilation system (ventilation using
fans for both air supply and exhaust) will be used to minimize
temperature variations caused by continuous air circulation,
thereby improving the internal thermal environment. This system
will reduce the likelihood of the continuous ventilation being
switched off to reduce discomfort, and will therefore maintain agood atmospheric environment.

By preparing the proposed plan instead of a plan tailored to satisfy
a specific family model, the functions of the house will be in place
if any family moves in. Also, the routine inspection system is
expected to detect and deal with any problems at an early stage.

By considering the specifications of the exterior finish materials in
relation to the image of the house to be created, the design will beable to blend in with the surrounding townscape.

The heating and cooling load are reduced through insulation thatsatisfies the next-generation energy-conservation standards. In
addition, a highly efficient gas water heater and gas kitchenequipment are used. Together, these measures serve to reduce
the house’s total energy consumption.

The use of components produced in highly efficient factories will
make economical resource use possible. Recycled materials will
be used to a significant extent for both the exterior and interior
finishes.

Afforestation is to be conducted on the sites from which thisbuilding’s timber is taken, leading to the establishment of a system
to preserve forests as resources.

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Case 21: Prefabricated steel-frame house built in a suburban area
Location: Ibaraki Prefecture
Land use zone: Category I residential zone
Energy-saving area classification: Zone IV
Structure and construction: Light-gauge steel unit construction
Number of stories: 2 stories above ground
Site area: 398 m2
Building area: 75 m2
Total floor area: 133 m2
No. of people in household: 23This is a prefabricated light-gauge steel-frame house with a highly insulated building frame whose performance exceeds the nextgeneration energy-conservation standards. The insulation achieves both comfort (limited horizontal and vertical temperature variations)and energy conservation (reduced air-conditioning load).

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A 24-hour whole-building air-conditioning system (class 1 heatexchange type ventilation system, ventilation using fans for both
air supply and exhaust) was employed for health and safety
reasons to prevent heat shock and ensure comfort when thewindows are closed. An open floor plan and open ceiling wereused as well as windows on two sides of the main living room.
Insulating screens were installed in all openings to prevent heatloss from the windows.

Tiles were applied to the exterior walls to extend the life of thehouse.

Air conditioning: A highly insulated building frame, whose
performance exceeds the next-generation energy-conservation
standards, reduces the air-conditioning load.
Hot-water supply: Energy saving by the use of an electric heatpump water heater.
Solar power generation: Installation of a solar power generation
system with a power output of 5.13 kW.

Zero emissions were achieved in the factories producing building
components and on the construction site by reducing the amountof packaging around building components, standardizing thebuilding components, and using precut timber.

About one-third of the site was covered with lawn.

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

Case 22: Wooden house built on a site designated for symbiotic housing
Location: Kokubunji City, Tokyo
Land use zone: Category I residential zone
Energy-saving area classification: Zone IV
Structure and construction: Conventional wooden construction
Number of stories: 2 stories above ground
Site area: 115 m2
Building area: 47 m2
Total floor area: 90 m2
No. of people in household: 4

The house was built according to the specifications of the Environmentally Symbiotic Housing Certification system. It was built for sale ina suburban housing development with lots of about 116 m2 in area. An open-style design was adopted for the entrance approach andparking space, while the exterior of each house was planned so as to harmonize with the surrounding townscape.

Insulation with performance exceeding the next–generationenergy-conservation standards is specified. Special attention wasgiven to airflow, which was verified in advance by means ofsimulation. As an air-conditioning system is expected to beinstalled by the owner after purchase of the house, only outlets
were installed.

The preparation of a 60-year maintenance program will allow theoccupants to live in the house for a long time. A header system isused for piping.

Throughout the development, the exterior of each house wasplanned to blend in with the surrounding townscape. About 25% ofeach lot is covered by greenery.

The insulation performance was specified to exceed the nextgeneration energy-conservation standards. Special attention was
paid to airflow, and good airflow performance was ensured byadvance simulation. It is expected that the owner will install an airconditioning system after purchase of the house, so only outlets
for the air conditioners were installed. The owner is also expected
to install the lighting fixtures and home electric appliances after
handover of the house, so the assessment was conducted only forthe heated toilet seats. A rainwater tank was installed for rainwateruse.

Domestic timber accounts for 50% of all the timber used in thehouse. Precut building components were used, which reduced theamount of waste produced when processing the building frames
and assisted recycling. All activities were conducted under the ISO
14000 environmental management system.

A rainwater tank was installed so rainwater can be used. The
green coverage rate of the site is 15%, as a result of which thethermal impact on the surrounding area is limited.

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Case 23: Prefabricated steel-frame house to be built on an undetermined construction site (model assessment)
Location: Seto City, Aichi Prefecture
Land use zone: (not classified)
Energy-saving area classification: Zone IV
Structure and construction: Prefabricated light-gauge steel construction
Number of stories: 2 stories above ground
Site area: Assumed site
Building area: 75 m2
Total floor area: 150 m2
No. of people in household: 4 (assumption)

3

This is a house designed to be friendly to the global environment and people.
* Items of equipment such as air conditioners (part of QH1 and LRH1), which are expected to be chosen by the occupants, wereassessed at the lowest levels because this was an assessment of a model plan. Also, items related to the site environment (QH3 andLRH3) represent the assessment of an assumed site.

256

Consideration was given to insulation, solar radiation control,
airflow, and heat removal to ensure a comfortable indoor
environment. In addition, building materials and ventilation plans
were also considered to guarantee the house’s air quality. (* The
air-conditioning system has not yet been specified.)

Consideration was given to the impact of disasters, such as
earthquakes and fires, as well as general deterioration, andconsequently to maintenance of the house so that it can be used
for a long time.

Consideration was given to the local landscape and greening.

Consideration was given to the conservation of energy andresources and the usage of natural energy. (* The air-conditioning
system has not yet been specified.)

Consideration was given to the use of recycled materials and zero
emissions in the production and construction stages.

Consideration was given to assisting the growth of vegetation by
rainwater percolation and the planting of local tree species.

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

Case 24: Eco-friendly prefabricated wooden house to be built in the Tokyo metropolitan area
(model assessment)
Location: Assumed site (Tokyo metropolitan area, quasi-fire-prevention district)
Land use zone: Category I residential zone (assumption)
Energy-saving area classification: Zone IV
Structure and construction: Prefabricated wooden construction
Number of stories: 2 stories above ground
Site area: Assumed site
Building area: 106 m2
Total floor area: 207 m2
No. of people in household: 5 (assumption)

This is an environmentally symbiotic housing model with almost full environmentally symbiotic specifications.

It is assumed that the house will be built on a specific site (aCategory I residential zone in the Tokyo metropolitan area).
However, it has been planned so as to satisfy the requirements forenvironmentally symbiotic housing.

1. The house has a Grade 4 assessment under the Energy-Saving
Action Grades.
2. The main living room has openings in two directions.
3. The house has a Grade 3 assessment under Countermeasuresagainst Formaldehyde.
4. The opening-to-floor ratio in the living room and main bedroom
exceeds 20%. An effective daylight area is secured in the southern
face of the house.

1. The house has a Grade 3 assessment under the Deterioration
Resistance Grades and a Grade 3 assessment under the
Maintenance Grades.
2. Parts with a service life of 25 to 50 years are used for theexterior walls and roof, employing a construction method with arenewability rating of “a.”3. Structural resistance is secured by a combination of structural
materials of the highest grades.
4. A sensor/alarm system is installed in the kitchen and bedrooms.

1. The securing of an evacuation route and space for firefighting isplanned.
2. The securing of visibility is planned.

1. High-efficiency air-conditioning equipment.
2. An electric heat-pump water heater (“Eco-cute”) is adopted.
3. Solar power generation system (3.12 kW).
4. Rainwater is used for toilet flushing.

1. More than half of the structural frame members consist oftimber from sustainably managed forests.

1. The greenery coverage is planned to be 15% or more.
2. Rainwater percolation and rainwater use are adopted.
3. The planting of local species, which is an essential requirement
for environmentally symbiotic housing, is planned.

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Case 25: Prefabricated steel-frame house built in a suburban area
Location: Tokyo
Land use zone: Category I residential zone, not designated as afire-prevention district
Energy-saving area classification: Zone IV
Structure and construction: Prefabricated steel-frame
construction
Number of stories: 2 stories above ground
Site area: 316 m2
Building area: 89 m2
Total floor area: 158 m2
No. of people in household: 43This house has been built in Tokyo.
In particular, the basic design incorporates high deterioration resistance and disaster-prevention measures to allow long-term use of thehouse.
Energy-saving equipment, including a solar power generation system, was installed.

258

Openings were placed on two sides of each living room to allow
air to flow through. A simulation was performed that verified theeffectiveness of these openings. Also, an appropriate airconditioning plan was implemented for the main living room.
Among the anticrime measures, the openings on the first floor use
fittings that meet crime prevention (CP) standards.

The building frame members have the highest grade of
deterioration resistance. Other parts of the house are also
expected to have a long life because the maintenance program
relies on readily replaceable components. The maintenancesupport system is well organized. Also, the building received thehighest ranking for seismic resistance and the exterior walls
received the highest ranking for fire resistance.

As large an area as possible was set aside for vegetation in theplanning stage.
Sufficient space was secured around the building to enhancedisaster prevention.

To conserve energy, electric heat-pump floor heating, an electric
heat-pump water heater, and a solar power generation systemwere installed.

The factory producing members for the building frames has ISO
14000 certification.
Some of the other components used in the house are also fromfactories that have obtained ISO 14000 certification.

Most of the site’s external area was finished so as to secure
permeability and percolation pits were installed for rainwaterdrainage to reduce the rainwater drainage load.

Part III Commentary on CASBEE for Home (Detached House) with Reference Documents

Case 26: Wooden house and lot offered for sale, which are at the planning stage
Location: Kanagawa Prefecture
Land use zone: Category I residential zone
Energy-saving area classification: Zone IV
Structure and construction: Conventional wooden construction
Number of stories: 2 stories above ground
Site area: 165 m2
Building area: 81 m2
Total floor area: 139 m2
No. of people in household: 4 (assumption)

This case features a house and lot on highly vegetated developed land.
Regarding the Japan Housing Performance Indication System in this assessment case, the current next–generation energyconservation standards were chosen instead of the New Energy Saving Code, and consequently rather higher evaluation grades wereobtained. The other items to be evaluated mostly obtained grades corresponding to the standard specifications.

Although the subject of the evaluation is an actual building, it wasevaluated before construction.

Appropriate measures were taken in relation to energy saving,
ventilation, airflow, heating, and cooling.
A home security system was installed, although anticrime
measures were not evaluated highly.
The lighting design has not yet been decided.

The highest rankings were obtained for deterioration resistance,
seismic resistance (prevention of collapse), maintenance, andfunctionality of the building frames.
The deterioration resistance and fire resistance of parts other than
the frames generally correspond to the standard levels for wooden
houses.

Standard measures were taken to address this topic.

Some efforts were made that meet the requirements of Grade 4 of
the Energy-Saving Grades.
No special efforts were made to use natural energy.
The lighting design has not yet been decided.

No deliberate efforts were made to conserve resources, and thisremains an issue to be addressed.
Some effort was made to reduce the generation of waste.

Standard efforts were made for a house and lot offered for sale ina developed residential area.

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Case 27: Prefabricated steel-frame house built in a suburban area
Location: Seto City, Aichi Prefecture
Land use zone: Category I residential zone
Energy-saving area classification: Zone IV
Structure and construction: Steel-frame/frame unit construction
Number of stories: 2 stories above ground
Site area: 184 m2
Building area: 67 m2
Total floor area: 131 m2
No. of people in household: 4

3

An extended service life is ensured and the amount of energy required for daily life has been reduced. Special consideration was given
to security and safety, including the health of the occupants.

260

Insulation and mechanisms to block the entry of the sun’s rays
were installed in the building to reduce the heating and coolingload.
Special consideration was given to the building materials used, toprotect the health of the occupants.
Security was based on crime prevention (CP) standards.

Protection against disasters, such as earthquakes, was ensured.
The building frame has a long service life and is easy to maintain.
Sufficient space was secured for not only living rooms but also forstorage.

Reduction of the energy load for heating and cooling as well as
hot-water supply was taken into consideration and water-saving
equipment was installed.

Recyclable building materials were given preference, and zero
emissions from the producing factories and the building site were
promoted. In addition, good records of the materials used toconstruct the building were kept.

The house was designed to harmonize with the surrounding
townscape.

Afterword
This research is part of the research output of the Japan Sustainable Building Consortium (ResearchCommittee for CASBEE, chaired by Professor Shuzo Murakami of Keio University), which has been establishedwithin the Institute for Building Environment and Energy Conservation through cooperation between industry,
government, and academia, with the support of the Housing Bureau of the Japanese Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. We expect the Committee's output to be widely used in the future, thereby
making an important contribution to the building of a sustainable society.
As of September 2007 (random order)
Research Committee for CASBEE
Chair : Shuzo Murakami (Keio University), Secretary : Toshiharu Ikaga (Keio University), Deputy Secretary :Tatsuya Hayashi (Nikken Sekkei Research Institute), Member : Yasushi Asami(University of Tokyo), Hisaya
Ishino (Graduate School, Tokyo Metropolitan University), Akira Ishifuku (Association of Building Engineering andEquipment), Kazuo Iwamura (Musashi Institute of Technology), Tatsuo Oka(Utsunomiya University), Yuichiro
Kodama (Kobe Design University), Yuzo Sakamoto (Graduate School, University of Tokyo), Tsuyoshi Seike(Graduate School, University of Tokyo), Tomonari Yashiro (University of Tokyo), Hidekazu Yamashita,
Tsuneharu Ando, Kaoru Itabashi, Akihiko Ozono (from Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport),
Hiroshi Matsumoto (National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management (NILIM), Japanese Ministry ofLand, Infrastructure and Transport), Kazuaki Bogaki, Haruki Osawa (from Building Research Institute), Fumiaki
Sato (Urban Renaissance Agency), Akira Yamamoto, Yasunori Sasaki (from Tokyo Metropolitan Government),
Tomohiro Hamada (from Osaka Prefectural Government), Susumu Katsuse (Osaka Gas Co.,Ltd.), Ken-ichi
Ishida (Sekisui House, Ltd.), Takuya Ichikawa (Yamashita Sekkei, Inc.), Toru Ichikawa (Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd.),
Tamio Ito (Takasago Thermal Engineering Co., Ltd.), Masashi Uozumi (Technology Research Institute of
Haseko Corporation), Yoshioki Kitamura (Obayashi corporation), Munemitsu Kimura (Daiwa House Industry Co.,
Ltd.), Junichi Kurihara (Misawa Homes Institute of Research and Development. Co., Ltd.), Yoshihei Sakabe(Mitsui Home Co.,Ltd.), Masaaki Sato (KAJIMA Corporation), Michiya Suzuki (SHIMIZU Corporation), Hiroaki
Takai (TAKENAKA Corporation), Tomoaki Takase (Mitsubishi Jisho Sekkei Inc.), Atsushi Tachihara (Taisei
Corporation), Yasuo Tanaka (Sumitomo Forestry Co., Ltd.), Fujio Tamura (KUME SEKKEI Co., Ltd.), Hiroshi
Nakagawa (PanaHome Corporation.), Ryoji Josai (Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc.), Junya Hamane (KANSAIElectric Power Co., Inc.), Asahiko Fukushima (Japan Environment System Co., Ltd.), Tetsuya Hayashi (SEKISUICHEMICAL CO., LTD.), Toshiyuki Miura (TODA Corporation), Akira Yazaki (Asahi Kasei Homes.), Takashi
Yanai (Nihon Sekkei Inc.), Ryuji Yanagihara (TOKYO Electric Power Company), Secretariat : Junko Endo
(Nikken Sekkei Research Institute),Yushi Hieda, Tatsuo Yoshimoto, Shohei Susa, Kiyohisa Oine, Nobufusa
Yoshizawa(from Institute for Building Environment and Energy Conservation)
R&D Committee for CASBEE
Chair : Shuzo Murakami (Keio University), Secretary : Toshiharu Ikaga (Keio University), Deputy Secretary :Tatsuya Hayashi (Nikken Sekkei Research Institute), Member : Hidekazu Yamashita, Tsuneharu Ando (fromJapanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport), Kazuo Iwamura (Musashi Institute of Technology),
Tatsuo Oka (Utsunomiya University), Yuzo Sakamoto, Tsuyoshi Seike (from Graduate School, University ofTokyo), Hisashi Hanzawa (Hokkaido Institute of Technology), Akashi Mochida (Tohoku University), Tomonari
Yashiro (University of Tokyo), Kazuaki Bogaki (Building Research Institute), Masaaki Sato (KAJIMA
Corporation), Hiroaki Takai (TAKENAKA Corporation), Nobuhaya Yamaguchi (SHIMIZU CORPORATION),
Specialized member : Takashi Akimoto (Shibaura Institute of Technology), Masayuki Oguro, Hidemitsu
Koyanagi (from Taisei Corporation), Miisho Kiyoshi (IWAMURA Atlier Co., Ltd.), Takashi Yanai (Nihon SekkeiInc.), Secretariat : Junko Endo (Nikken Sekkei Research Institute),Yushi Hieda, Tatsuo Yoshimoto, Shohei
Susa, Nobufusa Yoshizawa (from Institute for Building Environment and Energy Conservation)
Sub-Committee on CASBEE-Home (Detached House)
Chair : Shuzo Murakami (Keio University), Secretary : Tsuyoshi Seike (Graduate School, University of Tokyo),
Deputy Secretary : Tomoya Chikada (Sekisui House, Ltd.), Member : Hideaki Ishii (Japanese Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure and Transport), Kazuo Iwamura (Musashi Institute of Technology), Takashi Akimoto (Shibaura
Institute of Technology), Toshiharu Ikaga (Keio University), Shiro Nakajima (Building Research Institute),
Nobuhaya Yamaguchi (SHIMIZU CORPORATION), Hiroyuki Aoki (National Small and medium-sized
Construction Companies Association), Miyoshi Sasada (National Federation of Construction Workers' Unions),
Kazuhiro Seno (Architects Atelier), Yuzo Minami (Office Yuzo Minami) Secretariat : Yushi Hieda, Tatsuo
Yoshimoto, Yasunori Ushizaka, Nobufusa Yoshizawa (from Institute for Building Environment and Energy
Conservation)

261

CASBEE for Home (Detached House)
WG on Assessment of Assessment of Resource Efficiency
Chief : Tsuyoshi Seike (Graduate School, University of Tokyo), Secretary : Yuji Yamanaka (Daiwa House
Industry Co., Ltd.), Member : Shiro Nakajima (Building Research Institute), Yasuhiko Kuroiwa (Asahi Kasei
Homes.), Yasuo Tanaka (Sumitomo Forestry Co., Ltd.), Tomoya Chikada (Sekisui House, Ltd.), Tetsuya
Hayashi (SEKISUI CHEMICAL CO., LTD.), Specialized member : Miisho Kiyoshi (IWAMURA Atlier Co., Ltd.),
Miwako Nakamura (Musashi Institute of Technology), Secretariat : Tatsuo Yoshimoto, Yasunori Ushizaka (fromInstitute for Building Environment and Energy Conservation)
Working Group on Assessment of Local/Indoor Environment and Energy Efficiency
Chief : Takashi Akimoto (Shibaura Institute of Technology), Secretary : Tomoya Chikada (Sekisui House, Ltd.),
Member : Toshiharu Ikaga (Keio University), Junichi Kurihara (Misawa Homes Institute of Research andDevelopment. Co., Ltd.), Tohshi Matsuoka (Mitsui Home Co.,Ltd.), Hiroshi Nakagawa (PanaHome Corporation.),Tetsuya Hayashi (SEKISUI CHEMICAL CO., LTD.), Katsumi Matsuda (Asahi Kasei Homes.), Hiroshi Yamamoto(Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd.), Naoki Watanabe (TOKYO Electric Power Company), Specialized member : Miisho
Kiyoshi (IWAMURA Atlier Co., Ltd.), Miwako Nakamura (Musashi Institute of Technology), Cooperative member: Junko Kaku (SALA HOUSE CO., LTD.), Secretariat : Tatsuo Yoshimoto, Yasunori Ushizaka (from Institute for
Building Environment and Energy Conservation)
Working Group on System's Framework
Chief : Kazuo Iwamura (Musashi Institute of Technology), Secretary : Miisho Kiyoshi (IWAMURA Atlier Co.,
Ltd.), Member : Junichi Kurihara (Misawa Homes Institute of Research and Development. Co., Ltd.), Masakazu
Shio (SEKISUI CHEMICAL CO., LTD.), Yasuo Tanaka (Sumitomo Forestry Co., Ltd.), Yuzo Minami (Office Yuzo
Minami), Akira Yazaki (Asahi Kasei Homes.), Specialized member : Miwako Nakamura (Musashi Institute ofTechnology), Secretariat : Tatsuo Yoshimoto, Yasunori Ushizaka (from Institute for Building Environment andEnergy Conservation)
Working Group on Detached House Case Study
Chief : Toshiharu Ikaga (Keio University), Secretary : Tetsuya Hayashi (SEKISUI CHEMICAL CO., LTD.),
Member : Takashi Akimoto (Shibaura Institute of Technology), Tsuyoshi Seike (Graduate School, University ofTokyo), Miyoshi Sasada (National Federation of Construction Workers' Unions), Kazuhiro Seno (Architects
Atelier), Yuzo Minami (Office Yuzo Minami), Miwako Nakamura (Musashi Institute of Technology), Akihito Ona(Taisei Corporation), Naoki Kawazu (Misawa Homes Co., Ltd.), Kazusige Kido (Sekisui House, Ltd.), Kazutoshi
Kusakari (TOKYO Electric Power Company), Takahiro Nagata (Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd.), Yasuo Tanaka (Sumitomo
Forestry Co., Ltd.), Tomoya Chikada (Sekisui House, Ltd.), Nobuaki Matsueda (PanaHome Corporation.), Miisho
Kiyoshi (IWAMURA Atlier Co., Ltd.), Akira Yazaki (Asahi Kasei Homes.), Yuji Yamanaka (Daiwa House Industry
Co., Ltd.), Cooperative member : Atsushi Iwamae (Kinki University), Yasuyuki Shiraishi (The University of
Kitakyusyu), Shingo Ito (Kyoto Center for Climate Actions), Toshiya Ochiai (SUGISAKA HOUSING CO., LTD),
Yoshikazu Sugawara (National Federation of Construction Workers' Unions), Hidetoshi Suzuki (Toyota Motor
Corporation), Shuji Soma (Shimokawa Cluster), Norihito Taniguchi (Komodakenso co.ltd.), Kazumi Tojo
(IWAMURA Atlier Co., Ltd.), Masamichi Toyama (Asahi Kasei Sekkei Corporation.), Shogo Nakamura (OM Solar
Association), Atsushi Hasegawa (SXL Co.ltd.), Shunji Matsubara (HOSODA Co.,Ltd), Secretariat : Tatsuo
Yoshimoto, Yasunori Ushizaka (from Institute for Building Environment and Energy Conservation)

262

Project Organization
The research and development of CASBEE has been carried out as a cooperative project between industry, government, andacademia with the assistance of the Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. The Japan Sustainable Building
Consortium (JSBC) and its affiliated subcommittees provide overall management of CASBEE, and the secretariat has been
established within the Institute for Building Environment and Energy Conservation.
As of September 2007
Japan Sustainable Building Consortium(Research Committee for CASBEE)(Chair: Shuzo Murakami, Prof. of Keio University)

Sub-Committee on Assessment of Energy Efficiency(Chair: Yuzo Sakamoto, Prof. of University of Tokyo)

Sub-Committee on Assessment of Indoor Environment(Chair: Kazuaki Bogaki, Senior Researcher of Building Research Institute)

Sub-Committee on Assessment of Local Environment(Chair: Kazuo Iwamura, Prof. of Musashi Institute of Technology)

Board of Executives

Sub-Committee on Assessment of Resource Efficiency(Chair: Tomonari Yashiro, Prof. of University of Tokyo)

R&D Committee for CASBEE(Chair: Shuzo Murakami, Prof. of Keio University)

Working Group for CASBEE-Existing Building & Renovation(Chief: Masaaki Sato, Group Leader of Kajima Corporation)

Working Group for Case Study on CASBEE-NC/EB/RN(Chief: Hisashi Hanzawa, Prof. of Hokkaido Institute of Technology)

Buildings-related

Working Group on Life Cycle Analysis(Chief: Toshiharu Ikaga, Prof. of Keio University)

Sub-Committee on CASBEE Pre-Design (tool-0)
Sub-Committee on CASBEE-Heat Island(Chair: Akashi Mochida, Prof. of Tohoku University)

Housing-related

Sub-Committee on CASBEE for Home (Detached House)(Chair: Shuzo Murakami, Prof. of Keio University)

Working Group on Assessment of Resource Efficiency(Chief: Tsuyoshi Seike, Associate Prof. of University of Tokyo)

Working Group on Assessment of Local/Indoor
Environment and Energy Efficiency(Chief: Takashi Akimoto, Prof. of Shibaura Institute of Technology)

Working Group on System's Framework(Chief: Kazuo Iwamura, Prof. of Musashi Institute of Technology)

Working Group on Detached House Case Study(Chief: Toshiharu Ikaga, Prof. of Keio University)

Urban development-related

Sub-Committee on CASBEE for Urban Development(Chair: Shuzo Murakami, Prof. of Keio University)

Working Group for CASBEE-UD (Brief Version)(Chief: Yasushi Asami, Prof. of University of Tokyo)

Working Group for Case Study on CASBEE-UD(Chief: Yasushi Asami, Prof. of University of Tokyo)

Working Group for Credits Weighting on CASBEE-UD(Chief: Akira Matsukuma, Section Chief, Takenaka Corporation)

International-related

Committee on International Initiatives(Chair: Shuzo Murakami, Prof. of Keio University)

Working Group for WorldGBC Affairs(Chief: Kazuo Iwamura, Prof. of Musashi Institute of Technology)

Working Group for SBTool Affairs(Chief: Tatsuo Oka, Prof. of Utsunomiya University)

Working Group for ISO Affairs(Chief: Tomonari Yashiro, Prof. of University of Tokyo)

Working Group for Market Transformation Studies(Chief: Shuzo Murakami, Prof. of Keio University)263

Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency
CASBEE for Home (Detached House) - Technical Manual 2007 Edition
First Edition

Published August 31, 2008

Edited by

Japan GreenBuild Council (JaGBC) / Japan Sustainable Building
Consortium (JSBC)

Editorial assistance

Housing Bureau, Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport andTourism

Published by
Institute for Building Environment and Energy Conservation (IBEC)
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Tokyo 102-0083 Japan
Tel: +81-3-3222-6693 Fax: +81-3-3222-6696
E-mail: casbee-home@ibec.or.jp URL: http://www.ibec.or.jp/CASBEE
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