Chapter 1

ADRC 20th Century Asian Natural Disasters Data Book<August 2002>

Fig.1-17〜1-19 show the relation between Human Development Index (HDI) proposed by UNDP andnatural disasters.
This index indicates development levels of the countries as average life expectancy, literacy rate, rateof proceeding to higher education and GDP per person.

According to the figures, it is seen that damagesby natural disasters are closely related not only to poverty, but to education and hygienic conditions, andalso the impact of natural disasters on such countries in the lower HDI index is much higher.
The relation between Women’s Human Development Index in countries and the number of affected
people by natural disasters is also shown in Fig.1-21〜1-22, to see the correlation between gender andnatural disasters.
Correspondingly, it is said that people in countries on lower Women’s Human Development Index are
more affected by natural disasters, thus indicating the importance of post disaster period.

Fig.1‑17

Human Development Level

R a t i o of N um b er of People Kil led t o Popul a t ion(Hum a n Developm ent Level ) (1 9 7 5 -2 0 0 0 ) (W orl d S um m a ry)

LHD

MHDHHD00.0001

0.00020.00030.00040.00050.00060.00070.00080.00090.001

Chapter 1

ADRC 20th Century Asian Natural Disasters Data Book<August 2002>

Fig.1‑18
Ratio of Number of People Killed to Population(Human Development Level) (1975-2000) (Asia Summary)

LHD

MHD

HHD

00.0001

0.00020.00030.00040.00050.00060.0007

Fig.1‑19
Ratio of Number of People Killed to Population(Human Development Level) (1975-2000) (Member Country Summary)

LHDMHD

HHD

00.00020.00040.0006

0.00080.001

0.0012

Cf. HDI
INDICATOR

MAX. VALUEMIN. VALUELife Expectancy at Birth (years)

87.5

27.5

Adult Literacy Rate (%)
Cobined Gross Enrolment Rate (%)

10010000

Estimated Earned Income (PPP US$)

40,000100

LHD: Low Human Development (HDI < 0.5)
MHD: Medium Human Development (0.5 ≤ HDI < 0.8)
HHD: High Human Development (HDI ≥ 0.8)

0.0014

Chapter 1

ADRC 20th Century Asian Natural Disasters Data Book<August 2002>

Fig.1‑20

Level of Female Human Development

Ratio of Number of To tally Affected Pe ople toPopulatio n(Female H DI)(1975-2000)(World)

Low

MediumHigh00.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

11.2

Fig.1‑21

Level of Female Human Development

Ratio of Number of Totally Afffected People to Population(Female HDI)(1975-2000)(Asia)

Low

MediumHigh00.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

ADRC 20th Century Asian Natural Disasters Data Book<August 2002>

Fig.1-22 is a table showing the past major disasters.

Chapter 1

The right section of the table depicts thecomparison between the amount of the economic losses and GDP in countries and it makes clear thatMongolia lost 1.5 times of their GDP due to only one time of wild fire.
As seen above, “disaster management” plays a crucial role for “sustainable development”.

Impact ofnatural disasters is also closely related to “poverty”, “education”, “health care and hygiene” and“gender”problems.

Hence, it is crucial not only to promote disaster management measures, but also to lift

up the whole society from the bottom with cooperaton from the sectors such as “social and economicaldevelopment”, “education”, “health care and hygiene” and “advancement of women’s status” for natural
disaster mitigation.

Chapter 1ADRC 20th Century Asian Natural Disasters Data Book<August 2002>

Fig. 1-22

Top 10 Severest Disasters According to the Ratio of Amount of Damage to GDP(Member Country Summary 1975-2000)

RankCountry

DisTypeYear

KilledTotAffDamageGDP(Mn US$) (MnUS$) Dam/GDP

1

Mongolia

Forest Wild fire

1996

25

5,061

1,712.800

1,180.00

1.452

2

Armenia(Soviet Union)

Earthquake

1988

25,0001,642,000 20,500.000

16,900.00

1.213

3

Tajikistan

Flood

1992

1,346

63,500300.000

290.001.034

4Mongolia

4500,000

875.000

1,000.00

0.875

5

NepalFlood

1987

188

351,000

727.500

2,930.00

0.248

6Lao, P DemRepWind storm

1993

8120

302.151

1,330.00

0.227

7

Tajikistan

Flood

1993

575,357

149.000

680.000.219

8Myanmar

Flood

1991

23359,976

498.800

2,380.00

0.210

9

Nepal

Earthquake

1980

100

275,600

245.000

1,840.00

0.133

10

Tajikistan

Landslide

1992

243

24.100290.000.083

Winter Wind storm 2000

Source: ADRC, Japan based on CRED-EM- DAT data base,2001,HDI of UNDP, World Bank and World Fact Book, CIA 2001