(10)

目
第１章
1.1

次

油脂、油脂加工品、天然樹脂、天然樹脂加工品
油

脂 ··············································································································· 1

1.1.1

あまに油（亜麻仁油） ······················································································ 1

1.1.2

えの油（え油・えごま油・蘇子油） ······························································ 2

1.1.3

サフラワー油 ······································································································ 3

1.1.4

きり油 ··················································································································· 4

1.1.5

大豆油 ··················································································································· 5

1.1.6

トール油 ··············································································································· 6

1.1.7

ひまし油 ··············································································································· 7

1.1.8

綿実油 ··················································································································· 8

1.1.9

やし油 ··················································································································· 91.1.10パーム油 ············································································································· 10

1.1.11

主な油脂の特数表 ···························································································· 11

1.1.12

油脂の脂肪酸組成表 ························································································ 12

1.1.12.1

オレイン酸、リノール酸型の脂肪酸組成 ················································ 12

1.1.12.2ヒドロキシ酸、共役酸型の脂肪酸組成 ···················································· 12

1.1.12.3

やし油、パーム油の脂肪酸組成 ································································ 12

1.2

油脂加工品 ············································································································· 13

1.2.1

脂肪酸 ················································································································· 13

1.2.2

トール油脂肪酸 ································································································ 15

1.2.3

脱水ひまし油 ···································································································· 15

1.2.4

マレイン化油 ···································································································· 16

1.3

天然樹脂 ················································································································· 17

1.3.1

シェラック········································································································· 17

1.3.2

ロジン ················································································································· 19

1.4

天然樹脂加工品 ···································································································· 20

1.4.1

エステルガム ···································································································· 20

1.4.2

硬化ロジン········································································································· 21

1.4.3

脱色セラック ···································································································· 21

1.4.4

白セラック（白ラック） ················································································ 22

(11)

第２章

合成樹脂

2.1

アルキド樹脂・フタル酸樹脂 ········································································· 25

2.2

アミノ樹脂 ············································································································· 31

2.2.1

メラミン樹脂、メラミンホルムアルデヒド樹脂 ······································· 31

2.2.2

アミノアルキド共縮合樹脂 ············································································ 33

2.2.3

尿素樹脂・ユリア樹脂 ···················································································· 33

2.3

ビニル樹脂 ············································································································· 36

2.3.1

塩化ビニル樹脂 ································································································ 36

2.3.2

酢酸ビニル樹脂 ································································································ 37

2.3.3

ポリビニルアルコール ···················································································· 39

2.3.4

ポリビニルブチラール ···················································································· 40

2.4

アクリル樹脂 ········································································································ 42

2.5エポキシ樹脂 ········································································································ 47

2.6

ポリアミド樹脂 ···································································································· 54

2.7

ポリウレタン樹脂 ······························································································· 56

2.8不飽和ポリエステル樹脂 ·················································································· 63

2.8.1

不飽和ポリエステル樹脂 ················································································ 63

2.8.2

ビニルエステル樹脂 ························································································ 66

2.9フェノール樹脂 ···································································································· 712.10

ＮＡＤ樹脂 ············································································································· 73

2.11

合成樹脂エマルション ···················································································· 75

2.12

水溶性樹脂 ············································································································· 78

2.13

塩素化ポリオレフィン樹脂 ············································································· 80

2.14シリコーン樹脂・けい素樹脂 ········································································· 81

2.14.1

シリコーン樹脂 ······························································································ 81

2.14.2

アクリルシリコーン樹脂 ·············································································· 82

2.15

ふっ素樹脂 ············································································································· 85

2.16

有機無機ハイブリッド樹脂 ············································································· 86

2.17

ハルス複合樹脂 ···································································································· 88

2.18

石油樹脂 ················································································································· 90

2.18.1

Ｃ9 系石油樹脂 ······························································································· 90

(12)2.18.2Ｃ5 系石油樹脂 ······························································································· 91

2.19

ケトン樹脂 ············································································································· 92

2.20

液状ポリブタジエン樹脂 ·················································································· 94

2.21

ロジン変性マレイン酸樹脂 ············································································· 96

2.22

クマロン樹脂 ········································································································ 97

2.23

アルコキシシラン樹脂 ······················································································ 99

2.23.1

エチルシリケート ···························································································· 99

2.23.2メチルシリケート ·························································································· 100

2.23.3メチルトリメトキシシラン ·········································································· 102

2.24

粉体塗料用樹脂 ·································································································· 104

2.24.1

熱硬化性粉体塗料用樹脂 ·············································································· 104

2.24.1.1

熱硬化性粉体アクリル樹脂······································································· 104

2.24.1.2

熱硬化性粉体ポリエステル樹脂 ······························································ 105

2.24.1.3

熱硬化性粉体エポキシ樹脂······································································· 106

2.24.2

熱可塑性粉体塗料用樹脂 ·············································································· 107

2.24.2.1

ポリエチレン樹脂 ······················································································· 107

2.25

紫外線硬化樹脂·························································································· 110

第３章
3.1

その他の塗膜形成主要素および副要素

塗膜形成主要素 ···································································································· 113

3.1.1

繊維素誘導体 ·································································································· 113

3.1.1.1

ニトロセルロース（硝化綿） ·································································· 113

3.1.1.2

セルロースアセテートブチレート（CAB） ·········································· 115

3.1.1.3

酢酸セルロース ··························································································· 116

3.1.1.4

エチルセルロース ······················································································· 117

3.1.1.5

メチルセルロース ······················································································· 118

3.1.1.6カルボキシメチルセルロース ·································································· 120

3.1.1.7ヒドロキシエチルセルロース ·································································· 121

3.1.2

硬化剤 ··············································································································· 123

3.1.2.1

ポリウレタン硬化剤 ··················································································· 123

3.1.2.1.1

TDI ·············································································································· 123

3.1.2.1.2

MDI ············································································································· 124

(13)3.1.2.1.3

HDI ············································································································· 126

3.1.2.1.4

NDI ·············································································································· 128

3.1.2.1.5

IPDI ············································································································· 129

3.1.2.1.6

XDI ·············································································································· 131

3.1.2.1.7

水添 XDI ···································································································· 132

3.1.2.1.8

水添 MDI ···································································································· 134

3.1.2.1.9

TMP 変性 TDI ··························································································· 136

3.1.2.1.10

TMP 変性 HDI ··························································································· 137

3.1.2.1.11

TMP 変性 IPDI ·························································································· 138

3.1.2.1.12

TMP 変性 XDI ··························································································· 139

3.1.2.1.13

TMP 変性 H 6 XDI ······················································································· 141

3.1.2.1.14

イソシアヌレート型 TDI ········································································ 142

3.1.2.1.15

イソシアヌレート型 HDI ······································································· 144

3.1.2.1.16

イソシアヌレート型 IPDI ······································································· 145

3.1.2.1.17

ビウレット型 HDI ···················································································· 147

3.1.2.1.18

ブロック型ポリイソシアネート ··························································· 148

3.1.2.2

エポキシ硬化剤 ··························································································· 149

3.1.2.2.1

直鎖脂肪族ポリアミン類 ······································································· 149

3.1.2.2.1.1

エチレンジアミン ················································································ 149

3.1.2.2.1.2

ジエチレントリアミン ········································································ 151

3.1.2.2.1.3

トリエチレンテトラミン ···································································· 153

3.1.2.2.1.4

テトラエチレンペンタミン ································································ 155

3.1.2.2.1.5

ペンタエチレンヘキサミン ································································ 156

3.1.2.2.1.6

ヘキサメチレンジアミン ···································································· 157

3.1.2.2.2

環状脂肪族ポリアミン類 ······································································· 159

3.1.2.2.2.1

ピペラジン ···························································································· 159

3.1.2.2.2.2

N-（2-アミノエチル）ピペラジン

3.1.2.2.2.3

イソホロンジアミン（IPDA） ··························································· 161

3.1.2.2.2.4

1-3 ビス（アミノメチル）シクロヘキサン（1,3-BAC） ············· 163

3.1.2.2.3

芳香族ポリアミン類 ··············································································· 165

3.1.2.2.3.1

メタキシレンジアミン（MXDA）····················································· 165

3.1.2.2.3.2

メタキシレンジアミンとエピクロロヒドリンとの··············································· 160

重縮合物 ······························································································· 167

(14)3.1.2.2.3.3

メタキシレンジアミンとスチレンの反応付加物 ··························· 169

3.1.2.2.4

ポリアミド ································································································ 171

3.1.2.2.5

酸無水物 ···································································································· 173

3.1.2.2.5.1

無水ピロメリット酸 ············································································ 173

3.1.2.2.6

特殊な硬化剤···························································································· 174

3.1.2.2.6.1

2-ウンデシルイミダゾール ································································ 174

3.1.2.2.6.2

2-フェニルイミダゾリン ···································································· 175

3.1.2.2.6.3

2-フェニルイミダゾール ···································································· 175

3.1.2.2.6.4

2-ヘプタデシルイミダゾール ···························································· 176

3.1.2.2.6.5

2,4-ジアミノ-6-[2’-ウンデシルイミダゾリル-(1’)]-エチル-sトリアジン ····························································································· 177

3.1.2.2.6.6

2,4-ジアミノ-6-[2’-メチルイミダゾリル-(1’)]-エチル-sトリアジン ····························································································· 178

3.1.3

架橋剤··············································································································· 179

3.1.3.1

グリシジルエステル及びエーテル ·························································· 179

3.1.3.1.1

脂肪酸グリシジルエステル ··································································· 179

3.1.3.1.2

二塩基酸グリシジルエステル ······························································· 180

3.1.3.1.3

ソルビトールポリグリシジルエーテル ··············································· 181

3.1.3.2ヒドロキシアルキルアミド ······································································ 182

3.1.3.3

フタル酸ジアリル ······················································································· 183

3.1.3.3.1

フタル酸ジアリルモノマー ··································································· 183

3.1.3.3.2

フタル酸ジアリルプレポリマー ··························································· 184

3.1.3.4

カップリング剤 ··························································································· 186

3.1.3.4.1

グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン ······································ 186

3.1.3.4.2

3-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン ······························ 187

3.1.3.4.3

アミノエチルアミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン ·························· 188

3.1.3.4.4

γ-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン············································· 189

3.1.3.4.5

トリイソステアロイルオキシイソプロキシチタネート ·················· 190

3.1.3.4.6

テトライソプロポキシチタン ······························································· 191

3.1.3.4.7

テトラ-n-ブトキシチタン ····································································· 192

3.1.3.4.8

ジイソプロポキシ-ビス（アセチルアセナート）チタン ················ 193

3.1.3.4.9

チタニウムステアレート ······································································· 194

3.1.3.4.10

アルミニウムアルキルアセトアセテートイソプロピレート ·········· 195

(15)3.1.3.5

UV および EB 架橋剤 ··················································································· 196

3.1.3.5.1

ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサ（ペンタ）アクリレート ·············· 196

3.1.3.5.2

トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート ······································ 196

3.1.3.5.3

トリメチロールプロパンエチレンオキサイド変性
トリアクリレート ··················································································· 197

3.1.3.5.4

ペンタエリスリトールトリ（テトラ）アクリレート ······················ 198

3.1.3.5.5

フェノキシジエチレングリコールアクリレート ······························ 198

3.1.3.6

その他架橋剤 ······························································································· 199

3.1.3.6.1

1,12-ドデカン二酸 ·················································································· 199

3.1.3.6.2

グリオキザール ························································································ 200

3.2

塗膜形成副要素 ···································································································· 203

3.2.1

可塑剤 ·············································································································· 203

3.2.2

アミン類 ··········································································································· 211

3.2.2.1

エチルアミン類 ··························································································· 211

3.2.2.2

モノエタノールアミン ··············································································· 213

3.2.2.3

アンモニア水 ······························································································· 2153.2.3

有機過酸化物 ·································································································· 216

3.2.4

船底防汚剤 ······································································································ 223

3.2.4.1

亜酸化銅 ······································································································· 223

3.2.4.2

ジンクｰ 2 ピリジンチオール-1-オキシド ·············································· 225

3.2.4.3

銅-2 ピリジンチオール-1 オキシド ························································ 226

3.2.4.4

ピリジントリフェニルボラン ·································································· 228

3.2.4.5

4,5-ジクロロ-2-n-オクチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン ···················· 229

3.2.4.6

3-(3,4-ジクロロフェニル）-1,1-ジメチル尿素 ···································· 231

3.2.4.7

N’-tert-ブチル-N-シクロプロピル-6-(メチルチオ)-1,3,5トリアジン-2,4-ジアミン ········································································· 234

3.2.4.8

クロロタロニル、2,4,5,6-テトラクロロイソフタロニトリル ··········· 235

3.2.4.9

チオシアン酸第一銅 ··················································································· 237

3.2.4.10

N-(2,4,6-トリクロロフェニル)マレイミド ············································ 238

3.2.4.11

N,N’-エチレンビス（ジチオカルバミン酸）亜鉛 ······························· 239

3.2.4.12

1,2-ベンズイソチアゾリン-3 オン ·························································· 240

3.2.4.13

2-メトキシカルボニルアミノベンゾイミダゾール ····························· 242

(16)3.2.4.14

2-(1,3-チアゾール-4-イル)-1H-ベンズイミダゾール ························· 243

3.2.5

防腐剤、防黴剤、防藻剤、抗菌剤（抗菌材） ········································· 244

3.2.6

表面調整剤（レベリング剤、消泡剤） ····················································· 249

3.2.7

顔料分散剤、色分かれ防止剤 ······································································ 251

3.2.8

界面活性剤（乳化剤） ·················································································· 253

3.2.8.1

ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエステル ·················································· 256

3.2.8.2

ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル ·················································· 257

3.2.8.3

ポリオキシエチレン多環フェノールエーテル ······································ 258

3.2.8.4

ポリオキシエチレンポリオキシプロピレンブロックコポリマー ····· 259

3.2.8.5

ポリオキシエチレンアルキルアミン ······················································ 260

3.2.8.6

アルキルジフェニルエーテルジスルホン酸 Na 塩 ······························· 261

3.2.8.7

ジアルキルスルホコハク酸エステル塩 ·················································· 262

3.2.8.8

ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル硫酸エステル塩 ····················· 263

3.2.8.9

ポリオキシエチレン多環フェノールエーテル硫酸エステル塩 ········· 265

3.2.8.10

アルキルベンジルメチルアンモニウムクロライド（水溶液） ········· 266

3.2.9

増粘・沈降防止剤、たれ（だれ）防止剤 ················································· 267

3.2.9.1

ベントナイト ······························································································· 269

3.2.9.2

アルカリ可溶型シックナー ······································································· 269

3.2.9.3

ウレタン会合型シックナー ······································································ 270

3.2.9.4

ポリアマイドワックス··············································································· 270

3.2.10硬化反応触媒 ································································································ 271

3.2.10.1（酸）硬化触媒 ························································································· 271

3.2.10.2

金属ドライヤー ························································································· 272

3.2.11

つや消し剤 ···································································································· 273

3.2.11.1

シリカ系つや消し剤 ················································································· 273

3.2.11.2

溶剤分散系つや消し剤 ············································································ 274

3.2.11.3

水分散系つや消し剤 ················································································ 274

3.2.12

難燃剤 ············································································································ 275

3.2.12.1

三酸化アンチモン ···················································································· 275

3.2.12.2

水酸化マグネシウム ················································································ 276

3.2.12.3

水酸化アルミニウム ················································································ 276

3.2.12.4

塩素化パラフィン ····················································································· 277

3.2.12.5

ポリリン酸アンモニウム ········································································ 277

(17)3.2.13

耐候安定剤 ···································································································· 278

3.2.13.1

紫外線吸収剤 ····························································································· 278

3.2.13.2

光安定剤（HALS） ··················································································· 285

3.2.14

光重合開始剤 ································································································ 287

3.2.14.1

2,2-ジメトキシ-1,2-ジフェニルエタン-1-オン ································· 287

3.2.14.21-ヒドロキシ-シクロヘキシル-フェニル-ケトン ····························· 287

3.2.14.32-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニル-プロパン-1-オン ··················· 288

3.2.14.42-メチル-1-[4-(メチルチオ)フェニル]-2-モルフォリノプロパン-1-オン ······································································································· 289

3 .2.14.5

2-ベンジル-2-ジメチルアミノ-1-(4-モルフォリノ)-ブタノン-1 ················································································································· 289

3.2.14.6

1-[4-(2-ヒドロキシエトキシ)-フェニル]-2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1プロパン-1-オン ······················································································ 290

3.2.14.7

ビスアシルフォスフィンオキサイド ···················································· 291

3.2.14.8

モノアシルフォスフィンオキサイド ···················································· 291

3.2.14.9

メチルベンゾイルホルマート ································································ 292

3.2.15

塩化ビニル樹脂用安定剤 ············································································ 293

3.2.16

皮張り防止剤 ································································································ 296

3.2.17ミクロゲル ···································································································· 297

3.2.18

発泡剤 ············································································································ 298

3.2.19その他 ············································································································ 300

3.2.19.1

75%リン酸 ··································································································· 300

3.2.19.2

酢酸 ············································································································· 303

3.2.19.3

蟻酸 ············································································································· 305

3.2.19.4

乳酸 ············································································································· 306

第４章
4.1

顔料及び染料

無機着色顔料 ········································································································ 309

4.1.1

無機白色顔料 ·································································································· 309

4.1.1.1

チタン白 ······································································································· 309

4.1.1.2

微粒子酸化チタン······················································································· 311

4.1.1.3

光触媒酸化チタン······················································································· 312

(18)4.1.1.4

酸化亜鉛 ······································································································· 313

4.1.1.5

鉛系白色顔料 ······························································································· 314

4.1.1.5.1

鉛白 ············································································································ 314

4.1.2

無機黒色顔料 ·································································································· 315

4.1.2.1

カーボンブラック······················································································· 315

4.1.2.2

ランプブラック ··························································································· 316

4.1.2.3

黒鉛 ··············································································································· 316

4.1.2.4

銅・クロムブラック（複合酸化物系顔料） ·········································· 317

4.1.2.5

コバルトブラック（複合酸化物系顔料） ·············································· 318

4.1.2.6

銅・マンガン・鉄ブラック（複合酸化物系顔料） ····························· 319

4.1.2.7

鉄黒 ··············································································································· 319

4.1.2.8

ボーンブラック ··························································································· 320

4.1.3

無機赤・橙色顔料 ·························································································· 321

4.1.3.1

ベンガラ（弁柄）······················································································· 321

4.1.3.2

クロム酸鉛系橙色顔料 ·············································································· 322

4.1.3.2.1

モリブデートオレンジ ··········································································· 322

4.1.4

無機黄色顔料 ·································································································· 323

4.1.4.1

黄色酸化鉄 ··································································································· 323

4.1.4.2

ビスマスバナデート ·················································································· 324

4.1.4.3

チタンイエロー（複合酸化物系顔料） ·················································· 325

4.1.4.4

チタン・アンチモン・クロムイエロー（複合酸化物系顔料） ········· 325

4.1.4.5

チタン・鉄・アルミイエロー（複合酸化物系顔料） ·························· 326

4.1.4.6

クロム酸鉛系黄色顔料 ··············································································· 327

4.1.4.6.1

黄鉛 ············································································································ 327

4.1.5

無機緑色顔料 ·································································································· 328

4.1.5.1

酸化クロムグリーン ·················································································· 328

4.1.5.2

コバルト・チタン・ニッケル・亜鉛系グリーン（複合酸化物系顔料） ················································································ 329

4.1.5.3

コバルト・アルミ・クロム系グリーン（複合酸化物系顔料） ········· 330

4.1.5.4

コバルトグリーン ······················································································· 331

4.1.5.5

クロム酸鉛系緑色顔料 ··············································································· 331

4.1.5.5.1

クロムグリーン ························································································ 331

4.1.6

無機青色顔料 ·································································································· 332

(19)4.1.6.1

群青 ··············································································································· 332

4.1.6.2

紺青 ··············································································································· 333

4.1.6.3

コバルト・アルミブルー（複合酸化物系顔料） ·································· 333

4.1.7

無機茶色顔料 ·································································································· 334

4.1.7.1

亜鉛・鉄・クロム系ブラウン（複合酸化物系顔料） ························· 334

4.1.7.2

コバルト・クロム・鉄系ブラウン（複合酸化物系顔料） ················· 335

4.2

有機着色顔料 ········································································································ 337

4.2.1

有機赤・橙色顔料 ·························································································· 338

4.2.1.1

溶性アゾ系 ··································································································· 338

4.2.1.1.1

パーマネントレッド 2B、ウォッチングレッド ································· 339

4.2.1.1.2

レーキレッド R ························································································ 340

4.2.1.1.3

ボルドー10B、ボンマルーンメジウム ················································ 340

4.2.1.1.4

ボンマルーンライト ··············································································· 341

4.2.1.2

不溶性アゾ系 ······························································································· 342

4.2.1.2.1

β-ナフトール系 ····················································································· 343

4.2.1.2.2

ナフトール AS 系 ····················································································· 344

4.2.1.2.3

ピラゾロン系 ··························································································· 346

4.2.1.2.4

ベンツイミダゾロン系 ··········································································· 348

4.2.1.3

縮合多環式系 ······························································································· 348

4.2.1.3.1

アンスラキノン系（スレン系） ··························································· 349

4.2.1.3.2

ペリレン系 ······························································································· 350

4.2.1.3.3

ペリノン系 ······························································································· 354

4.2.1.3.4

キナクリドン系 ······················································································· 354

4.2.1.3.5

ジケトピロロピロール系 ······································································· 358

4.2.2

有機黄色顔料 ·································································································· 363

4.2.2.1

モノアゾ系 ··································································································· 363

4.2.2.1.1

ファストイエロー ··················································································· 363

4.2.2.1.2

ベンツイミダゾロンイエロー ······························································· 365

4.2.2.2

ジスアゾ系 ··································································································· 367

4.2.2.2.1

ジアリリドイエロー ··············································································· 367

4.2.2.3

ポリアゾ系 ··································································································· 368

4.2.2.4

イソインドリノン系 ·················································································· 369

(20)4.2.2.5

イソインドリン系······················································································· 370

4.2.2.6

金属錯体系 ··································································································· 371

4.2.2.6.1

アゾ錯体系イエロー ··············································································· 371

4.2.2.6.2

アゾメチン錯体系イエロー ··································································· 372

4.2.2.7

キノフタロン系 ··························································································· 373

4.2.2.7.1

キノフタロンイエロー ··········································································· 373

4.2.3

有機緑色顔料 ·································································································· 374

4.2.3.1

フタロシアニングリーン ·········································································· 374

4.2.3.1.1

塩素化フタロシアニングリーン ··························································· 375

4.2.3.1.2

臭素化フタロシアニングリーン ··························································· 375

4.2.4

有機青色顔料 ·································································································· 376

4.2.4.1

フタロシアニンブルー ·············································································· 376

4.2.4.1.1

銅フタロシアニンブルー ······································································· 376

4.2.4.1.2

無金属フタロシアニンブルー ······························································· 381

4.2.4.2

インダンスレンブルー、インダントロンブルー ································· 381

4.2.5

有機紫色顔料 ·································································································· 382

4.2.5.1

ジオキサジンバイオレット、カルバゾールバイオレット ················· 382

4.3

防錆顔料 ················································································································· 3834.3.1

リン酸塩系防錆顔料 ······················································································ 383

4.3.2

縮合リン酸塩系防錆顔料 ·············································································· 3844.3.3

亜リン酸塩系防錆顔料 ·················································································· 386

4.3.4

モリブデン酸塩系防錆顔料·········································································· 387

4.3.5

MIO ··················································································································· 3884.3.6

イオン交換型シリカゲル（カルシウム系防錆顔料） ····························· 389

4.3.7

金属粉顔料 ······································································································ 390

4.3.7.1

亜鉛末 ··········································································································· 390

4.3.8

鉛系防錆顔料 ·································································································· 391

4.3.8.1

鉛丹 ··············································································································· 391

4.3.8.2

亜酸化鉛 ······································································································· 392

4.3.8.3

鉛酸カルシウム ··························································································· 394

4.3.8.4

シアナミド鉛 ······························································································· 395

4.3.8.5

塩基性硫酸鉛 ······························································································· 396

(21)4.3.8.6

塩基性クロム酸鉛······················································································· 3974.3.9

クロム酸塩系防錆顔料 ·················································································· 399

4.3.9.1

ジンククロメート······················································································· 399

4.3.9.2

ストロンチウムクロメート ······································································ 400

4.4

体質顔料 ················································································································· 401

4.4.1

重質炭酸カルシウム・寒水石・膠質炭酸カルシウム・軽微性
炭酸カルシウム・沈降性炭酸カルシウム ················································ 401

4.4.2

カオリン・クレー・チャイナクレー・陶土 ············································· 402

4.4.3

珪藻土 ·············································································································· 403

4.4.4

含水微粉珪酸（ホワイトカーボン） ························································· 404

4.4.5

タルク（滑石） ······························································································ 404

4.4.6

バライト粉、硫酸バリウム·········································································· 4054.4.7

沈降性硫酸バリウム ······················································································ 406

4.4.8

炭酸バリウム ·································································································· 407

4.4.9

珪砂、珪石粉、石英粉 ·················································································· 409

4.4.10

ウォラストナイト ·························································································· 409

4.5

近赤外線反射顔料 ······························································································· 410

4.5.1

鉄・クロムブラック顔料（複合酸化物系） ············································· 410

4.5.2

赤外線遮蔽酸化チタン ·················································································· 411

4.6その他顔料 ············································································································· 412

4.6.1

光輝性顔料 ······································································································ 412

4.6.1.1

アルミニウム顔料······················································································· 412

4.6.1.2

パール系エフェクト顔料 ·········································································· 413

4.6.1.2.1

マイカ系パール顔料 ··············································································· 414

4.6.1.2.2

アルミナフレーク系エフェクト顔料 ·················································· 414

4.6.1.2.3

シリカフレーク系エフェクト顔料 ······················································· 415

4.6.1.2.4

フレーク状ガラス系エフェクト顔料 ·················································· 415

4.6.2

雲母粉（マイカ） ·························································································· 417

4.6.3

蛍光顔料 ·········································································································· 418

4.6.4

ガラスビーズ ·································································································· 418

(22)

4.6.5

プラスチックビーズ ······················································································ 421

4.6.5.1

架橋ポリメタクリル酸メチルビーズ ······················································ 421

4.6.6

ブロンズ粉 ······································································································ 421

4.7

加工顔料 ················································································································· 422

4.7.1

カラーチップ ·································································································· 422

4.7.2

油系加工顔料 ·································································································· 423

4.7.3

水系加工顔料 ·································································································· 424

4.7.4

その他加工顔料 ······························································································ 424

4.8

染料 ························································································································ 425

4.8.1

塩基性染料 ······································································································ 425

4.8.2

酸性染料 ·········································································································· 425

4.8.3

金属錯塩染料 ·································································································· 425

4.8.4

油溶性染料 ······································································································ 427

第５章
5.1

溶

剤

炭化水素 ··············································································································· 429

5.1.1

n-ヘプタン ······································································································ 429

5.1.2

n-ヘキサン ······································································································ 430

5.1.3

トルエン ·········································································································· 433

5.1.4

キシレン ·········································································································· 4355.1.5

混合炭化水素溶剤 ·························································································· 437

5.1.5.1

工業用ガソリン ··························································································· 437

5.1.5.2

ナフテン系溶剤（低芳香族含有ミネラルスピリット） ····················· 439

5.1.5.3

イソパラフィン系溶剤 ·············································································· 440

5.1.5.4

芳香族系溶剤（石油系溶剤） ·································································· 440

5.1.5.5

テレピン油 ··································································································· 442

5.1.6

1,2,4 トリメチルベンゼン ············································································ 443

5.1.7

テトラリン（THNA） ··················································································· 444

5.1.8

ジペンテン ······································································································ 445

5.1.9

シクロヘキサン ······························································································ 446

(23)5.1.10メチルシクロヘキサン（MCH） ································································· 447

5.1.11エチルシクロヘキサン（ECH） ································································· 449

5.1.12デカリン（DHNA） ······················································································· 450

5.2

アルコール ··········································································································· 452

5.2.1

メタノール ······································································································ 452

5.2.2

エタノール ······································································································ 454

5.2.3

n-プロパノール（NPA） ·············································································· 457

5.2.4

イソプロピルアルコール（IPA） ······························································· 458

5.2.5

n-ブタノール ·································································································· 460

5.2.6

イソブタノール ······························································································ 462

5.2.7

sec-ブタノール（セカンダリーブタノール）（SBA） ···························· 463

5.2.8

tert-ブタノール（ターシャリーブタノール）（TBA） ··························· 464

5.2.9

N-アミルアルコール ····················································································· 466

5.2.10イソアミルアルコール ·················································································· 467

5.2.11N-ヘキサノール ····························································································· 468

5.2.122-エチル-1-ヘキサノール············································································ 469

5.2.134-メチル-2-ペンタノール············································································ 470

5.2.14ベンジルアルコール ······················································································ 473

5.2.15

フルフリルアルコール ·················································································· 474

5.3

エーテルアルコールおよびエーテル ···························································· 476

5.3.1

エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル ················································· 476

5.3.2

エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル ················································· 478

5.3.3

エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル ················································· 479

5.3.4

エチレングリコールモノイソブチルエーテル ········································· 480

5.3.5

エチレングリコールモノターシャリーブチルエーテル ························ 481

5.3.6

エチレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル ············································· 482

5.3.7

エチレングリコールモノイソプロピルエーテル ····································· 484

5.3.8

エチレングリコールモノヘキシルエーテル ············································· 485

5.3.9

エチレングリコールモノ 2-エチルヘキシルエーテル ·························· 487

5.3.10エチレングリコールモノフェニルエーテル ············································· 488

5.3.113-メトキシ-1-ブタノール············································································ 489

(24)5.3.123-メチル-3-メトキシブタノール ······························································· 490

5.3.13ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル ············································· 491

5.3.14ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル ············································· 493

5.3.15ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル ············································· 493

5.3.16ジエチレングリコールモノイソブチルエーテル ····································· 495

5.3.17ジエチレングリコールモノ 2-エチルヘキシルエーテル ······················ 496

5.3.18ジエチレングリコールモノフェニルエーテル ········································· 497

5.3.19トリエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル ········································· 499

5.3.20トリエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル ········································· 500

5.3.21エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル ····················································· 501

5.3.22ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル ················································· 503

5.3.23ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル ················································· 504

5.3.24ジエチレングリコールジブチルエーテル ················································· 505

5.3.25

プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル ············································· 507

5.3.26

ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル ········································· 508

5.3.27

トリプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル ····································· 509

5.3.28

プロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル ········································· 510

5.3.29プロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル ············································· 511

5.3.30

ジプロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル ········································· 512

5.3.31

トリプロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル ····································· 513

5.3.32

プロピレングリコールモノフェニルエーテル ········································· 514

5.3.33

ジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル ············································· 515

5.3.34ジオキサン ······································································································ 516

5.4

エステルおよびエーテルエステル ································································ 519

5.4.1

酢酸メチル······································································································· 519

5.4.2

酢酸エチル······································································································· 520

5.4.3

酢酸プロピル ·································································································· 522

5.4.4

酢酸イソプロピル ·························································································· 523

5.4.5

酢酸ブチル······································································································· 524

5.4.6

酢酸イソブチル ······························································································ 526

5.4.7

酢酸イソアミル ······························································································ 527

5.4.8

酢酸アミル······································································································· 528

(25)

5.4.9

エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート ····························· 529

5.4.10エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート ····························· 530

5.4.11エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート ····························· 531

5.4.12

プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート ························· 532

5.4.13酢酸 3-メトキシブチル ················································································· 533

5.4.14ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート ························· 534

5.4.15ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート ························· 535

5.4.16酢酸 3-メトキシ-3-メチルブチル ······························································· 536

5.4.17

エチル 3-エトキシプロピオナート（EEP） ············································· 537

5.4.182,2,4-トリメチル-1,3-ペンタジオールモノイソブチラート ················· 538

5.4.19二塩基酸エステル ·························································································· 539

5.4.20イソ酪酸イソブチル（IBIB） ······································································ 541

5.5

ケトン ······················································································································ 543

5.5.1

アセトン ··········································································································· 543

5.5.2

メチルエチルケトン（MEK） ······································································ 544

5.5.3

メチルイソブチルケトン ·············································································· 545

5.5.4

ジイソブチルケトン ······················································································ 547

5.5.5

メチル n-ヘキシルケトン ············································································· 549

5.5.6

メチル n-アミルケトン（MAK） ································································ 549

5.5.7

シクロヘキサノン（アノン） ······································································ 551

5.5.8

ジアセトンアルコール（DAA） ·································································· 552

5.5.9

イソホロン······································································································· 553

5.6

その他の溶剤 ········································································································ 556

5.6.1

二塩化メチレン（メチレンクロライド） ················································· 556

5.6.2

三塩化エチレン（トリクロロエチレン） ················································· 558

5.6.3

四塩化エチレン（テトラクロロエチレン） ············································· 559

5.6.4

O-ジクロロベンゼン ····················································································· 561

5.6.5

HCFC（第２世代フロン）HCFC-225ca／HCFC-225cb ························· 563

5.6.6

テトラヒドロフラン ······················································································ 564

5.6.7

2-ニトロプロパン ·························································································· 566

5.6.8

ジメチルホルムアミド（DMF）·································································· 567

(26)

5.6.9

第６章
6.1

N-メチル-2-ピロリドン ··············································································· 568

樹脂用原料

有機酸およびその誘導品 ·················································································· 571

6.1.1

安息香酸 ·········································································································· 571

6.1.2

フマル酸 ·········································································································· 572

6.1.3

アジピン酸 ······································································································ 572

6.1.4

セバシン酸 ······································································································ 573

6.1.5

ダイマー酸 ······································································································ 574

6.1.6

テレフタル酸 ·································································································· 575

6.1.7

イソフタル酸 ·································································································· 576

6.1.8

1,4-シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸（CHDA） ··········································· 577

6.1.9

無水マレイン酸 ······························································································ 578

6.1.10無水フタル酸 ·································································································· 579

6.1.11

無水トリメリット酸 ······················································································ 581

6.1.12無水テトラヒドロフタル酸·········································································· 582

6.1.13

無水ヘキサヒドロフタル酸·········································································· 582

6.1.14ジメチルテレフタレート ·············································································· 583

6.2

多価アルコール ···································································································· 585

6.2.1

エチレングリコール（EG） ········································································ 585

6.2.2

ジエチレングリコール ·················································································· 585

6.2.3

トリエチレングリコール ·············································································· 586

6.2.4

プロピレングリコール ·················································································· 587

6.2.5

ジプロピレングリコール ·············································································· 587

6.2.6

ネオペンチルグリコール ·············································································· 588

6.2.7

2-ブチル-2-エチル-1,3-プロパンジオール ·············································· 589

6.2.8

トリメチロールエタン ·················································································· 590

6.2.9

トリメチロールプロパン ·············································································· 591

6.2.10グリセリン ······································································································ 592

6.2.11

ペンタエリスリトール ·················································································· 594

6.2.12

1,6-ヘキサンジオール ·················································································· 595

(27)6.2.13ヒドロキシピバリン酸ネオペンチルグリコールエステル ···················· 596

6.2.14

CHDM ··············································································································· 597

6.2.15

ジメチロールプロピオン酸·········································································· 598

6.2.16

1,3-ブチレングリコール ·············································································· 599

6.3

モノマー ················································································································· 600

6.3.1

アクリル酸 ······································································································ 600

6.3.2

アクリル酸エステル類 ·················································································· 601

6.3.3

メタクリル酸 ·································································································· 603

6.3.4

メタクリル酸メチル（MMA） ····································································· 605

6.3.5

メタクリル酸エステル類 ·············································································· 608

6.3.6

アクリルアミド ······························································································ 612

6.3.7

メタクリルアミド ·························································································· 612

6.3.8

Ｎ-メチロールアクリルアミド ··································································· 613

6.3.9

Ｎ-メトキシメチルアクリルアミド ··························································· 614

6.3.10Ｎ-n-ブトキシメチルアクリルアミド ······················································· 615

6.3.11Ｎ-イソブトキシメチルアクリルアミド ··················································· 616

6.3.12

アクリルニトリル ·························································································· 617

6.3.13

塩化ビニルモノマー ······················································································ 618

6.3.14酢酸ビニルモノマー ······················································································ 619

6.3.15スチレンモノマー ·························································································· 621

6.3.16

ネオデカン酸ビニルエステル ····································································· 623

6.4

その他の反応原料 ······························································································· 625

6.4.1

エピクロロヒドリン ······················································································ 625

6.4.2

尿素 ··················································································································· 627

6.4.3

メラミン ··········································································································· 628

6.4.4

ベンゾグアナミン ·························································································· 630

6.4.5

ヘキサメトキシメチルメラミン（HMMM） ············································· 632

6.4.6

フェノール······································································································· 633

6.4.7

パラターシャリーブチルフェノール（PTBP） ········································ 635

6.4.8

ビスフェノール A ··························································································· 636

6.4.9

水素化ビスフェノール A ·············································································· 638

(28)6.4.10ホルマリン······································································································· 639

6.4.11パラホルムアルデヒド ·················································································· 641

6.4.12

カプロラクタム ······························································································ 643

6.4.13ε-カプロラクトン ························································································ 645

6.4.14

ネオデカン酸グリシジルエステル ······························································ 646

第７章

容

器

7.1

金属板製 18 リットル缶 ···················································································· 649

7.2

鋼製ペール缶 ········································································································ 653

7.3

鋼製オープンヘッドドラム ·············································································· 658

7.4

鋼製タイトヘッドドラム ·················································································· 662

7.5

危険物運搬・中型容器 IBCs ··········································································· 665

7.6

一般缶（金属中小缶） ······················································································· 673

7.7

スチールエアゾール容器 ·················································································· 676

7.8

プラスチック容器 ······························································································· 678

7.9

運搬の技術上の基準について ········································································· 694

第８章

化学物質に関する法規および規制について

8.1

化学物質規制の動向 ··························································································· 697

8.2

消防法 ······················································································································ 698

8.3

安衛法 （労働安全衛生法） ················································································· 700

8.3.1

安衛令（労働安全衛生法施行令） ····························································· 700

8.3.2

特化則（特定化学物質等障害予防規則） ················································· 700

8.3.3

有機則（有機溶剤中毒予防規則） ····························································· 7008.3.4

鉛則（鉛中毒予防規則） ·············································································· 701

8.4

測定法 （作業環境測定法） ················································································· 701

8.4.1

評価基準（作業環境評価基準） ································································· 701

8.5

毒劇法 （毒物及び劇物取締法） ········································································· 701

8.6

化審法 （化学物質の審査及び製造等の規制に関する法律） ························ 701

8.7

化学物質管理促進法（PRTR 法）（ 特定化学物質の環境への排出量の把握等及び管理の改善の促進に関する法律） ············································ 702

(29)

8.8

その他の関連する主な法規 ··········································································· 702

8.8.1

大気法（大気汚染防止法）·········································································· 702

8.8.2

水濁法（水質汚濁防止法）·········································································· 703

8.8.3

土対法（土壌汚染対策法）·········································································· 703

8.8.4

海防法（海洋汚染等及び海上災害の防止に関する法律） ···················· 703

8.8.5

船舶法（船舶安全法） ·················································································· 703

8.8.6

航空法（航空法施行規則）·········································································· 704

8.8.7

廃掃法（廃棄物の処理及び清掃に関する法律） ····································· 704

8.8.8

悪臭法（悪臭防止法） ·················································································· 704

8.8.9

土染法（農用地の土壌の汚染防止等に関する法律） ····························· 704

8.8.10その他の法律 ·································································································· 705

8.8.11

室内空気質に関する各種基準や指針 ························································· 7068.9

米国の化学物質規制 ························································································· 707

8.10

欧州の化学物質規制 ························································································· 708

8.11

その他の海外国の化学物質規制 ·································································· 708

8.12

ILO170 条約及びバーゼル条約その他 ························································ 709

8.13

GHS ························································································································ 710

原料名索引 ······················································································································· 711

関連企業情報一覧 ·········································································································· 733
塗料原料製造業者名簿（情報広告） ······································································ 757
塗料原料販売業者名簿（情報広告） ······································································ 767
関連業者名簿（情報広告） ························································································ 773

第1章

油脂、油脂加工品、天然樹脂、天然樹脂加工品

1

第１章 油脂、油脂加工品、天然樹脂、
天然樹脂加工品
天然に産する動・植物から採取されたもので、動・植物の種類、あるいは産する樹木の種類や産地によって性質が異なってくる。さらにこれらの油脂や天然樹脂はその性質を向上させるため、化学的に各種の変性が行われ油脂加工品、天然樹脂加工品となる。

1.1

油

脂

1.1.1

あまに油（亜麻仁油）

一般名

あまに油

化学名

グリセリントリ脂肪酸エステル、トリグリセライド

通称名

あまに油

英文名

Linseed Oil

CAS 番号

8001-26-1

EINECS 番号〔性232-278-6状〕 常温で淡黄色透明液体。水に不溶。アルコールには常温以下で難溶。炭化水素系溶剤に可溶。

リノレン酸を 50％以上含有しているためヨウ素価が高い。加熱あるいは酸素によって重合し易く、乾燥性に優れている。あまに油を使用した塗膜は、柔軟性と付着性を併せ持つ。黄変しやすいため、白色や淡色塗料には不向きである。
〔参 考 規 格〕（旧日本農林規格：現在、あまに油についての規格は廃止されている。
）
あまに油
一

般

状

態

色数（ガードナー法）
加

加

熱

減

熱

試

量

験

異臭がなく清澄なもの

ノンブレーク
あまに油
同

10 以下
0.20％以下

左
6 以下

同

左

ブレーク試験の方法により試験

ブレーク試験の方法により試験して析出物がほとんどないもの

して析出物がないもの

着色試験の方法により試験した
色が濃くならないもの

同左比重（25／25℃）

0.925－0.929

同

左屈折率（25℃）

1.478－1.481

同

左

酸

価

2.0 以下1.0 以下けん

化価

189－195

同

左

ヨ

ウ

素

価

175 以上

同

左

不

け

化

物

1.5％以下同左ん〔塗 料 用 途〕 ボイル油、油ワニス、ウレタン化油、アルキッド樹脂その他合成樹脂変性用〔製 造 方 法〕 油分 35－45％の亜麻の種子から、圧搾抽出法によって採油したものである。精製工程は、脱酸および脱色を行ないブレーク物質の原因となる不純物を除去する。亜麻の種子の原産国は、カナダ、C.I.S.

第1章

油脂、油脂加工品、天然樹脂、天然樹脂加工品

111.1.11 主な油脂の特数表

あさみ油
あまに油
えの油
オイチカシ油
しなきり油
日本きり油
サフラワー油
大豆油
なたね油
ぬか油
綿実油
パーム油
パーム核油
ひまし油
やし油
いわし油
いか肝油

比重ｄ

屈折率 nD

凝固点 sp

（測定℃）

（測定℃）

融点 mp℃

0.924～

1.477～

0.933（15） 1.479（20）0.925～

1.478～

よう素価

190～195

141～175

0.8～1.2

189～195

175 以上1.5％以下187～197

162～208

0.4～1.5―

186～193140～180

0.5～0.9

mp 2～3188～197155～175

0.6～1.8185～197145～176

0.4～1.0

186～194

80～1481.0％以下189～195

124～139

1.0％以下188～193110～126

0.5～1.2

179～19699～1033～5

190～197102～120

1.5％以下190～20950～55

1.0％以下240～257

14～22

0.2～1.0

176～18780～90

0.3～1.3

sp -27.5
sp

0.929（25） 1.481（25）0.927～

1.483～

-18
～-27

sp

-4

0.933（15） 1.485（15）0.967～～-5

1.504～

0.968（40） 1.507（40）0.936～

1.516～

0.949（15） 1.526（20）0.930～

1.516～

0.941（20） 1.511（20）0.910～

1.466～

0.924（25） 1.476（25）0.916～

1.471～

mp

26

sp

-17

mp

-5

mp

-7

0.922（25） 1.475（25）0.914～

1.465～～-8sp

0.918（20） 1.467（40）0.912～

1.471～
1.469～

0～-12

mp

0.928（15） 1.472（20）0.916～

sp

4～-6

1.457～―

0.905（40） 1.460（40）0.900～

1.449～

ms

0.913（40） 1.452（40）0.953～

1.475～

0.965（25） 1.480（25）0.909～

1.448～

0.917（40） 1.450（40）0.930～

1.477～

0.935（15） 1.481（20）0.931～（15）

1.481～
（20）

-5

～-10

0.922（25） 1.472（25）0.897～

不けん

けん化価

24
～30

sp

-10
～-13

mp

20

化物％

248～2647～11

1.0％以下―188～205163～195

0.6～2.4

―

200

177

1.1

～28

備考

酸価
2.0 以下酸価
0.20 以下
酸価
0.20 以下

水酸基価
5～14
酸価
0.20 以下
酸価
0.20 以下
ボレンスケ
価 9～11
水酸基価
155～177
ボレンスケ
価 12～18

第 2 章 合成樹脂

25

第２章 合成樹脂
最近の合成樹脂塗料の発展はめざましく、使用者のニーズに応じて組成は複雑化し、種々の変性や改質が行われている。したがって合成樹脂の分類の仕方も、いろいろの方向が考えられるが、ここでは現在行われている塗料の生産統計分類にしたがって、その塗料の主成分となっている合成樹脂名によって分類し、できるだけ多くの樹脂について記述した。

2.1

アルキド樹脂・フタル酸樹脂

一般名

Alkyd Resin

純アルキド樹脂（Pure Alkyd Resin）、変性アルキド樹脂（Modified Alkyd Resin）、オイ
ルフリーアルキド樹脂（Oil Free Alkyd Resin）

既存化学物質番号(7)-674、(7)-671、(7)-679、(7)-697、(7)-698、(7)-699、(7)-670～(7)-724、他

CAS 番号

67989-65-5、66070-61-9、66070-60-8、68152-85-2、他〔性状〕 アルキド樹脂とは、広義にはアルコール（Alcohol）と酸（Acid）との結合によって生成される樹脂状物質という意味で命名されたものであったが、それらはポリエステルと総称されるようになり、現在では狭義に無水フタル酸などの多塩基酸とグリセリンなどの多価アルコールとの結合物を骨格とし、これを油脂（脂肪酸）で変性した樹脂を指し、純アルキド樹脂と称する。これをさらに天然樹脂（ロジンなど）、
他の合成樹脂（フェノール樹脂など）および重合性モノマー（スチレン・アクリルなど）などで変性したものを変性アルキド樹脂と称する。油脂類を用いないものをオイルフリーアルキド樹脂という。
一般に不揮発分（樹脂分）50～80％の溶液状で取り扱われる。原料として用いる油脂（脂肪酸）の種類・その量（油長）・多塩基酸・多価アルコールの種類や他樹脂の変性により性質の異なった樹脂が得られる。
純アルキド樹脂 主成分である油脂（脂肪酸）の種類と量によって大きく影響される。主として油脂のよ
う素価によって左右され、よう素価の高い乾性油を用いたものは常温で乾燥する。一方、よう素価が低い不乾性油を用いたものは常温では乾燥しないので、架橋塗膜を得るためにはメラミン樹脂やイソシアネート化合物などの架橋剤を用いる。また、ニトロセルローズを併用し、ラッカーとして使用される。溶剤に対する溶解性は油長（油脂の含有量）に大きく左右され、油脂分の多い長油アルキド樹脂は、脂肪族系・芳香族系
共に良く溶解するが、油脂分の少ない短油アルキド樹脂は、極性が強く脂肪族系溶剤には溶解せず、芳香族系溶剤には溶解する。超短油アルキド樹脂は芳香族溶剤単独では溶解せず、アルコール系溶剤を併用する必要がある。一般に長油アルキド樹脂は塗装作業性が良いため、屋外の建築物の塗装用に使用され、中油アル
キド樹脂は硬さ・柔軟性・乾燥性のバランスが良く、大型の機械類の塗装用に使用される。短油アルキド樹
脂は、アミノ樹脂を併用し焼付塗料として使用される。
多塩基酸では無水フタル酸が最も一般的に用いられる。イソフタル酸やテレフタル酸は溶剤に対する溶解性が悪いので短油アルキド樹脂系では、溶解性の良いトリメチロールプロパンやネオペンチルグリコールと併用して用いられる。
多価アルコールでは、グリセリン、ペンタエリスリトール、エチレングリコールが一般的に用いられる。
グリセリンを用いたものは溶解性・相溶性が優れ、ペンタエリスリトールを用いると高分子量となり乾燥性・硬度が向上する。グリコールは内部可塑化・分子量調整に、トリメチロールプロパンは相溶性・耐熱性の改良に用いられる。
アルキド樹脂の性質におよぼす、油種・油長・多塩基酸・多価アルコールの影響について以下の表に示す。

第 2 章 合成樹脂

2.8

不飽和ポリエステル樹脂

2.8.1

不飽和ポリエステル樹脂

Unsaturated Polyester Resin

Unsaturated Polyester Resin

一般名

不飽和ポリエステル樹脂

化学名

不飽和ポリエステル樹脂

通称名

UP またはポリエステル

英文名

Unsaturated Polyester Resin

既存化学物質番号

主として(7)-349～(7)-555

化学式

（1 例）
O

O

O

HO－C-CH＝CH-C-O-CH-CH2-O-C
CH3
〔性

63

O
C-O-CH-CH2-O－H
CH3n状〕 不飽和ポリエステル樹脂は、無水マレイン酸やフマル酸などの不飽和二塩基酸とプロピレン

グリコールなどのグリコール類をエステル化した分子量が千から数千の不飽和ポリエステルを、30％～50％のスチレンモノマーなどの重合性モノマーに溶解した熱硬化性樹脂である。
不飽和ポリエステル樹脂は淡黄色、透明で粘稠な液状をしている。この液状樹脂は有機過酸化物を主とする硬化剤とコバルトなどの金属塩を硬化促進剤として加えると常温で硬化し、不融不溶の固体となる。促進剤を予め加えておいたものを 2 液タイプといい、入れてないものを 3 液タイプという。
不飽和ポリエステル樹脂は比較的低粘度であり、硬化時に副生成物を発生しない。また原料の選択により種々の性能を有する多種類の樹脂をつくることができる。硬化物は機械的特性、電気的特性、耐熱性、耐食性等に優れているが短所として空気中の酸素により硬化が阻害され、空気との接触面でタックが残る傾向がある。
塗料としては、表面硬化性を改良する目的で少量のワックスが加えられている。塗装後に研磨仕上げを行う。ワックスを使用しなくても塗装表面が完全に硬化するエアーキュアータイプ（空気乾燥性）の樹脂も作られており、高級化粧板や高級家具用として利用されている。
塗装は一般的に刷毛塗り、フィルム被覆、フローコーター、スプレーガンによる成形法で行われる。
項

目

固体・液体

標

準

値

備

考

液体

外観

淡黄色、
（赤紫色）

反応性

冷暗所では安定。熱、光、過酸化物により促進剤無し、（促進剤入り）

重合反応を起こし、発熱する。
比重1.0～1.225℃

分子量1,000～4,000

数平均分子量沸点

146℃

スチレンモノマー

引火点31℃

スチレンモノマー

発火点

490℃

スチレンモノマー

爆発限界

1.1 Vol％～6.1 Vol％

水溶解性

難溶

溶剤可溶性

可溶

下限－上限

スチレンモノマー

アセトン、トルエンなど

第3章

その他の塗膜形成主要素および副要素 113

第 3 章 その他の塗膜形成主要素
および副要素最近の合成樹脂塗料の発展はめざましく、新しい各種の機能を具備した塗料が開発されており、それにともなって必要になる添加剤や機能付加助剤も開発されている。一方、従来より継続使用されている添加剤な
ども、環境問題および原料事情により大きく変ってきている。
塗料原料のなかでは、この章に属するものが最も変化が激しく、新しいものが数多く出現している。今後もその変化に注目していく必要がある。

3.1

塗膜形成主要素

3.1.1 繊維素誘導体
3.1.1.1 ニトロセルロース（硝化綿）
一般名

ニトロセルロース、硝化綿、硝酸セルロース

化学名

ニトロセルロース、硝酸繊維素

英文名

Nitrocellulose

既存化学物質番号(8)-176

CAS 番号

9004-70-0

化学式CH2ONO2
O

H
H
OH

H

H

ONO2

HO

〔性

O

H

H

OH

ONO2

H

O

H

CH2ONO2

H

OH

H

ONO2

H

O

H

OH

CH2ONO2

H
H

OH

H

H

O

CH2ONO2

H

O

H

H

O

H

ONO2

n

状〕 白色または淡黄色の綿状物質で、着火すると激しく燃焼する。

含有窒素分により RS 型と SS 型に分類され、RS 型はエステル溶剤に溶解し易く SS 型はアルコール溶剤に溶解し易い。
フィルム強度が高く溶媒の速乾性に優れており、他の樹脂や可塑剤との相溶性が良好であるため、これらと併用してインキやコーティングワニスに用いられている。
〔規格〕 （代表例）
タイプ

窒素分

粘度

酸分

IPA 全揮発分

水分RS 型

11.5％～12.2％

1.0 秒～550 秒

0.05％以下

30±2％

4％以下

SS 型

10.4％～14.9％

1.6 秒～14.9 秒

0.05％以下

30±2％

3.5％以下

各項目の試験方法は JIS K 6703（工業用ニトロセルロース）に基づく KSM3814 で測定。
〔塗 料 用 途〕 ラッカー塗料の樹脂〔非塗料用途〕 インキ、化粧品、火薬〔製 造 方 法〕 セルロース（コットンリンターやウッドパルプ）を硝酸と硫酸の混酸で硝化する。
〔製 造 会 社〕 KOREA CNC LTD（韓国），Companhia Nitro Quimica Br.asilia（ブラジル）
TNC Industrial Co．，
（台湾），SYNTHESIA（チェコ），HAGEDORN（ドイツ）

第3章

3.2

塗膜形成副要素

3.2.1

可塑剤

その他の塗膜形成主要素および副要素 203

一般名

DMP

DEP

化学名

フタル酸ジメチル

フタル酸ジエチル

英文名Dimethyl phthalate

Diethyl phthalate

既存化学物質番号(3)-1301(3)-1301

CAS 番号

131-11-3

84-66-2

化学式

〔性

状〕

COOCH3

COOC2H5

COOCH3

COOC2H5

無色無臭の液体

無色無臭の液体

分子量

194

222

比重（20/20℃）

1.194

1.120

屈折率（25℃）

1.153

1.500

沸点（101kPa）

282℃

298℃

凝固点

0℃

-5℃

引火点

156℃

162℃

粘度（20℃）

20 mPa･s

13 mPa･s〔規

JIS K 6751-1～4-99（フタル酸エステル試験方法）

格〕〔該 当 法 規〕
消防法

第 4 類第 3 石油類非水溶性液体

第 4 類第 3 石油類非水溶性液体

安衛令（則）

通知すべき有害物（第 478 号）

通知すべき有害物（第 476 号）

海防法

別表第 1 有害液体物質（C 類）

別表第 1 有害液体物質（C 類）

外為法輸出令別表第 1 の 16 項

別表第 1 の 16 項

別表第 2 の 35 の 2 項

別表第 2 の 35 の 2 項

バーゼル法

特定有害廃棄物等

特定有害廃棄物等〔取 扱 注 意〕

例示 B とする

例示 B とする〔有害性情報〕
許容濃度

ACGIH

TWA

5 mg/㎥

ACGIH

TWA

日本産業衛生学会

5mg/㎥
5mg/㎥

急性毒性

LD50（経口）ラット 6.8 g/kg

発ガン性

D.ヒト発ガン性が分類できない（EPA） D.ヒト発ガン性が分類できない（EPA）

LD50（経口）ラット 8.6g/kg

その他

・接触すると目を刺激する。蒸気やミ・接触すると目を刺激する。蒸気やミストは目、鼻、のどを刺激する｡

ストは目、鼻、のどを刺激する｡

第 4 章 顔料及び染料 309

第４章 顔料及び染料
顔料は大別すると無機顔料と有機顔料に分けることができ、その種類もかなり多い。顔料の大略の性質はその化学構造と結晶型で大きく決まるが、同一化学構造であっても粒子の大きさや形状、表面性質によっても異なってくる。顔料の機能は単に塗料を着色するばかりではなく、塗料の諸性質や塗膜の諸物性にも大きく影響を与えるため、顔料の選択にあたってはその塗料・塗膜に要求される性能に応じて十分吟味することが必要である。
染料は木材着色剤（ステイン）などに使用されるが、耐候性、透明性、溶解性、染着性が良く、にじみや
ブロンズの出ないことが大切であり、塩基性染料、酸性染料などが使用されていたが、近年になり含金属錯
塩染料に置き換えられている。
なお、今回の改訂では、鉛およびクロム系顔料については使用量も減少していることから第 8 版とは異なり、各項目の後部に廻した。

4.1

無機着色顔料

4.1.1 無機白色顔料
4.1.1.1 チタン白
一般名

酸化チタン

化学名

二酸化チタン

通称名

チタン白、チタンホワイト

英文名Titanium Dioxide

C.I. 番号

C.I.Pigment White 6（C.I.77891）

既存化学物質番号(1)-558

CAS 番号

13463-67-7

化学式

TiO2

EINECS 番号

236-675-5〔性状〕 白色粉末で、結晶形態はアナタース形とルチル形に分類される。熱濃硫酸あるいはフッ酸に溶解するが、他の酸、アルカリに溶解することはなく、化学的に極めて安定。融点も 1,856℃と高く熱的にも安定である。ルチルはアナタースよりユニットセルはコンパクトであり、比重もルチル（4.2）はアナタース（3.9）より大きい。ルチルは紫外部の吸収がアナタースよりも長波長側にあるため僅かに黄味を帯びた白色を呈する。
酸化チタンは白色顔料の中では最も屈折率が高く、アナタースで 2.52、ルチルは 2.71 である。従って、非常に大きな隠ぺい力、着色力を保有する。現在白色顔料の主流である。
主に、耐候性、耐光性、分散性などの品質を向上する目的で、アルミナ、シリカあるいはジルコニアの水和物で粒子表面を被覆している。最近は、分散性をより改善するため有機物処理した酸化チタンが主流となりつつある。
顔料粒子径は 0.2～0.3μm であり、この領域での隠ぺい力が最も高い。又、0.1μm 以下の粒子径をもつ透明性の優れた酸化チタンも販売されている。
製法には、硫酸法と塩素法がある。白色度は塩素法が有利であるが、その他の諸物性に差異はない。

第 4 章 顔料及び染料 339

4.2.1.1.1 パーマネントレッド 2B、ウォッチングレッド
一般名

パーマネントレッド 2Ｂ、ウォッチングレッド

化学名

Me 4-[(5-chloro-4-methyl-2-sulphonatophenyl)azo]-3-hydroxy-2naphthoate
Me=Barium,Calcium,Strontium,Manganese

英文名

Permanent Red 2B,Watching Red, Tinting Red

C.I. 番号

C.I.Pigment Red 48 (C.I.15865)
Ba

Ca

Sr

Mn

既存化学物質番号(5)-3233(5)-3234(5)-3233(5)-3232

CAS 番号

7585-41-3

7023-61-2

15782-05-5

5280-66-0

EINECS 番号

231-494-8

230-303-5

239-879-2

226-102-7

中国既存化学物質登録

収載

収載

収載

収載

台湾既存化学物質登録

収載

収載

収載

収載

韓国既存化学物質登録番号

KE-05773

KE-07930

KE-05774

KE-07931

化学式
SO3
H3C

HO
N

N

Cl

〔性

COO
Me+2
Me：Ba, Ca, Sr, Mn

状〕 いずれも耐溶剤性・耐熱性は良好だが、耐酸性・耐アルカリ性は良くない。耐候性は Ba＜

Ca＜Sr＜Mn で Mn 塩が塗料用に多く使用される。
〔塗 料 用 途〕 アルキド、ラッカー、焼付塗料〔非塗料用途〕 印刷インキ、ゴム、プラスチック〔製 造 方 法〕 2B 酸をジアゾ化し、β-オキシナフトエ酸とカップリングした後、各種金属塩でレーキ化してつくられる。
〔製 造 会 社〕 大日精化工業、有本化学工業、泉化成工業、山陽色素、住化カラー、DIC、東京色材工業、
トーヨーカラー、冨士色素〔生産 量〕 平成 23 年

1,325.4 t〔該 当 法 規〕
PRTR 法：Mn 塩は第 1 種指定化学物質
安衛法：Mn 塩は特定化学物質第 2 類物質
その他については化審法、消防法、毒劇法、船舶法、貿易令に規制されない。
〔取 扱 注 意〕 例示 C とする〔有害性情報〕（1）許容濃度：日本産業衛生学会（2011 年度版）
；第 3 種粉じんとして 8mg/㎥（2）急性毒性：LD50≧5,000mg/kg（ラット、経口）

第5章 溶

第５章 溶

剤 429

剤

溶剤とは他の物質を溶かす性質を持つ有機化合物の総称であり、塗料産業をはじめ、様々な産業で幅広く使用されている。
溶剤は常温では液体であるが、一般に揮発性が高いため、蒸気となって作業者の呼吸を通じて体内に吸収されやすく、また油脂を溶かす性質があることから皮膚からも吸収される。
このような観点から、使用する溶剤の危険性を十分に認識し、作業者に周知徹底し、必要な対策を講ずる必要がある。
この章では溶剤による人的な災害を未然に防止するために、特に取扱注意事項、該当法規、有害性情報等に注力して作成した。

5.1

炭化水素

炭化水素は鎖状と環状のものがあり、一般に次のように大別されている。
・パラフィン系炭化水素
鎖状の飽和炭化水素で、直鎖状のノルマルパラフィン系と側鎖を持ったイソパラフィン系がある。
・オレフィン系炭化水素
鎖状の不飽和炭化水素
・芳香族系炭化水素
不飽和で環状（ベンゼン環）を有する炭化水素
・ナフテン系炭化水素
飽和で環状（ナフテン環）を有する炭化水素

5.1.1

n-ヘプタン

一般名

ヘプタン

化学名

n-ヘプタン（ノルマルヘプタン）

英文名Normal Heptane

既存化学物質番号(2)-7

CAS 番号

142-82-5

化学式

CH3(CH2)5CH3〔性状〕

物理化学的性状（代表値）
外観等

特異臭のある無色透明の液体

沸点

98.4℃

蒸気圧

6kPa［46mmHg］(25℃)

融点-90.6℃

密度0.688［g/cm3］(15℃)

初留点

97.9 ℃

水溶解度

不溶452 第 5 章

溶

剤

5.2

アルコール

5.2.1

メタノール

一般名

メタノール、メチルアルコール、木精

化学名

メチルアルコール

通称名

メタノール

英文名

Methanol

既存化学物質番号(2)-201

CAS 番号

67-56-1

化学式

CH3OH

EINECS 番号

200-659-6

中国既存化学物質登録

収載

台湾既存化学物質登録

収載

韓国既存化学物質登録番号KE-23193〔性状〕 水酸基を 1 個持った飽和 1 価アルコールで無色透明の液体。水そのほか殆どの有機溶剤と自由に混合し、溶解性はエタノールより小さく、高揮発性で毒性がある。
分子量

32.04

比重

0.7915（20℃/4℃）

沸点

64.7℃

融点

-97.8℃

引火点

12℃

発火点

464℃

水溶解度

1,000,000mg/L

蒸気圧

126mmHg（25℃）

燃焼範囲

6.0～36 vol％〔規格〕 JIS K 1501：2005
項目

密度

密度（15℃）(又は比重）

比重（15℃/4℃）

性能
g/cm

3

0.7965 以下
0.7965 以下

メタノール純度

質量分率％99.8 以上遊離酸（ぎ酸として）

質量分率％

0.002 以下

蒸発残分

質量分率％

0.002 以下

ヨードホルム生成物質（アセトンとして）質量分率％0.01 以下

水溶状

澄明又はほとんど澄明

硫酸着色物質比色標準液 D より着色度合い
が薄くならなければならない

過マンガン酸カリウム還元性物質試験
水分

分

40 以上

質量分率％

0.1 以下

第 6 章 樹脂用原料 571

第６章 樹脂用原料
塗料用の各種合成樹脂の製造に用いられる原料の種類は非常に多いが、ここではその主なものを、ポリエ
ステル樹脂に用いられる有機（一塩基、多塩基）酸とその誘導体および各種の多価アルコール、ビニール樹
脂・アクリル樹脂に用いられる各種アクリル・ビニルモノマーなどのモノマー類、アミノ樹脂やその他の合成樹脂に用いられるその他の反応原料に分けている。

6.1

有機酸およびその誘導品

6.1.1

安息香酸

一般名

安息香酸

化学名

安息香酸

英文名

Benzoic Acid

既存化学物質番号(3)-1397

CAS 番号

65-85-0

化学式

C7H602〔性状〕 安息香酸臭のある白色フレーク〔規格〕 （代表例）

PH

2.8

沸点

249℃

融点

122℃

分解温度

370℃

引火点

121℃

発火点

570℃

爆発限界（vol％）下限

蒸気圧（kPa）

APHA10 以下

0.95％・上限

8.2％

水/2.93g/l（20℃）
溶解性

メタノールに可溶
トルエンに可溶〔塗 料 用 途〕 ポリエステル樹脂に用いられ、分子量調整、硬度付与の目的に使われる。
〔非塗料用途〕 防腐剤、防錆剤、医農薬中間体、可塑剤、香料〔製 造 方 法〕 主にトルエンを過硫酸マンガンまたは沈降性二酸化マンガンにより直接酸化を行い、蒸留精
製して安息香酸を取り出し結晶化させる。
〔製 造 会 社〕 EASTMAN CHEMICAL、EMERALD KALAMA、DSM〔生産 量〕 推定 8,000 t（輸入量として）〔該 当 法 規〕 消防法：非該当〔取 扱 注 意〕 例示 B とする

582 第 6 章

樹脂用原料

6.1.12 無水テトラヒドロフタル酸
一般名

無水テトラヒドロフタル酸

化学名

シス-4-シクロヘキセン-1,2-無水ジカルボン酸

通称名

THPA

英文名

Tetrahydro Phthalic Anhydride

既存化学物質番号(3)-3435

CAS 番号

85-43-8

化学式

C8H8O3

EINECS 番号

201-605-4

中国既存化学物質登録

収載

台湾既存化学物質登録

収載

韓国既存化学物質登録番号

KE-33465

〔性

O
O
O

状〕 白色フレーク状固体。分子量 152.1、比重 1.20（105℃）、融点 102℃、沸点 195℃（1013hPa）、

引火点 157℃、発火点 450℃、水への溶解性 10g/L（20℃）。ベンゼン、アセトン、トルエン、四塩化炭素に可溶。シス、トランスの立体異性体があるが、市場にあるのはシス体で、トランス体は 200℃に加熱するとシス体になる。
〔塗 料 用 途〕 アルキド樹脂の改質用モノマーとして用いられる。アルキド樹脂の二塩基酸モノマーとしては無水フタル酸が使用されているが、無水テトラヒドロフタル酸の使用により塗料の密着性、弾力性、光沢、耐水性、耐湿性、耐沸騰水性、耐塩水性などが改良される。常温硬化型、ヤシ油変性、サフラワー油変性、
オイルフリー型などに有効で、高級焼付塗料、コイルコーティング、木工塗料、缶用塗料などに適する。
〔非塗料用途〕 エポキシ樹脂硬化剤、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂の改質用モノマー、可塑剤、繊維処理剤・潤滑油添加剤、農薬・医薬の原料、界面活性剤など〔製 造 方 法〕 無水マレイン酸とブタジエンをディールスアルダー反応により付加させる。
〔製 造 会 社〕 新日本理化〔生産 量〕 2011 年度

8,000 t〔該 当 法 規〕
消防法：非危険物
労働省労働基準局長通達：基発第 442 号「エポキシ樹脂の硬化剤による健康障害の防止について」〔取 扱 注 意〕 例示 B とする〔有害性情報〕
刺激性：皮膚刺激性
眼刺激性

区分外

区分 1

感作性：呼吸器感作性
皮膚感作性

区分 1

区分 1

急性毒性：経口－ラット

LD50

5,410mg／kg

6.1.13 無水ヘキサヒドロフタル酸
一般名

無水ヘキサヒドロフタル酸

化学名

シス－シクロヘキサン-1,2-無水ジカルボン酸

通称名

HHPA

英文名

Hexahydro Phthalic Anhydride第7章 容

第７章 容

器 649

器

塗料用容器としては形状からみると丸缶、角缶、ドラム缶などが使われている。容量としては 1／12L から 200L までのものが各々目的用途に応じて使い分けされている。塗料用途のなかで最も使用量の多いもの
は 18 リットル缶で、その数は年間約 6,000 万缶（平成 23 年）に達すると言われている。これは 18 リット
ル缶市場の約 40％という高いシェアーになっている。塗料、溶剤のうち危険物に該当するものの容器は消防法上運搬容器として位置づけられ様々な規定が定められている。なお、全国組織として「全国 18 リットル缶工業組合連合会」（http://www.can18.or.jp/）と「ドラム缶工業会」（http://www.jsda.gr.jp/）、全日本一般缶工業団体連合会（http://www.ippancan.or.jp/）が結成されている。

7.1

金属板製 18 リットル缶〔性

JIS Z 1602-2003（2008 確認）状〕 すず、ニッケル、クロムのうち 1 種類又は 2 種類以上をめっきした 0.32ｍｍ板厚の金属板を使用し、形状は缶胴が 1 枚の胴板をもって正方形に成型され一稜においてはんだ付け、または接着、溶接され、天板及び地板が二重巻締めで接合された角柱状缶である。
天板には、充填口が加工されている。
〔規

格〕

（1）材料
金属板は JIS に規定する呼び厚さ 0.32mm のものを用いる。
JIS G 3303 若しくは JIS G 3315 に規定する鋼板
JIS G 3303 に規定する原板を用い、すず、ニッケル、クロム のうち 1 種類又は 2 種類以上をめっきした鋼板
はんだ付け材は、JIS Z 3282（はんだ）に規定するものを用いる。
接着剤及び巻締め用密封材は、内容物に対し適切な品質をもち、必要な耐久性をもつものとする。
手環に用いる鉄線は、JIS Z 3532（鉄線）に規定するものを用いる。
（2）品質
①

外観

天板、地板の巻締めおよび缶胴の接合が良好でひずみ、きず、しわ、さび、その他使用上有害な欠点がないこと。
②

法規としては、食料品に使用する缶は、食品衛生法の食品、添加物などの規格基準（昭和 34 年
厚生省告示 370 号）に適合しなければならない。

③

形状・寸法・質量・容量
寸法(1)ｍｍ
天板・地板の辺の長さ238.0±2.0

高さ349.0±2.0

質量(2)ｇ容量(3)Ｌ1140±60

19.25±0.45（1）寸法は、外のりを示す。
（2）ふた付き缶の質量を示す。
（3）水を満注した缶の容量を示す。
〔用

途〕

①

塗料・溶剤

②

化学品

油性塗料、シンナー、水溶性塗料、硬化剤、剥離剤など

印刷インキ、香料、洗剤、農薬、アルコール、急結剤、不凍液など

658 第 7 章

7.3

容

器

鋼製オープンヘッドドラム（JIS Z 1600）〔種類・細別〕
A タイプ
全容量

210L

内径

B タイプ

216.5L

210L

216.5L

C タイプ

D タイプ

208L

208L

最小

最小

最小

最小

571.5±2571.5±2

566±2

566±2

高さ

878±5

888±5

878±5

888±5

890±5

890±5

蓋無し高さ

868±5

878±5

868±5

878±5

880±5

880±5

板厚 mm

質量 kg

天蓋及び地板

胴体

最小

H級

1.6

1.6

27

M級

1.2

1.2

20

LM 級

1.2

1.0

17.5

日本国内において、固体危険物・固体非危険物並びに液体危険物・非危険物の輸送及び貯蔵容器として用いられるのは D タイプである。ちなみに A タイプは欧米 ISO コンテナー規格、B タイプ欧米従来品、C タイ
プは ISO コンテナー日本規格である。ステンレスドラムの H 級は 1.5 ㎜の 25 ㎏である。
〔品質〕（1）外観 ドラムは、巻き締めおよび溶接が良好で、内外面は平滑で、きず、さび、有害な酸化被膜、ばり、その他使用上の有害な欠点があってはならない。
（2）性能①

液体危険物用ドラムは気密性、落下強度及び積重ね強度の各試験を行った時、漏れがあってはならない。

②

固体危険物用ドラムは落下強度及び積重ね強度の各試験を行った時、漏れがあってはならない。

③

非危険物用ドラムは積重ね強度試験を行った時、漏れがあってはならない。

〔試験〕（1）気密試験

液体危険物用ドラムについて行い、規定の圧縮空気を加えて漏れの有無を調べる。

危険物の区分ゲージ圧（2）落下試験

kPa

危険等級Ⅱ及びⅢ
20

危険物ドラムについて行い、危険物の種類毎に規定する高さからコンクリート又はこれと同程度の堅固な水平面上に落下させ、漏れの有無を調べる。

①

充填物及び充填量a）固体用輸送される物質又はこれと同等の物理的性質をもつ代替物質を呼び容量の 95％以上充填

する。
b）液体用

輸送される物質又はこれと同等の物理的性状をもつ代替物質、又は水を呼び容量の 98％以上充填する。

第 8 章 化学物質に関する法規および規制について 697

第８章 化学物質に関する法規および規制について今日、塗料に用いられる化学物質は、2 千とも 3 千ともいわれるが、その中には使用にあたって今後規制の対象と予測できる物質が数百におよぶものと思われる。一方、日本国内の労働現場で取り扱われている化学物質の種類は、約 6 万と言われており、順次、優先度を付けてリスク評価が進められている。世界的にも、OECD では先進諸国との協働で化学物質の点検を進めており、人および環境に有害性が認められた化学物質
はそれぞれの国々の法規で次々に規制が進んでいる。国際的に注目されている化学物質管理の動きは、1992
年リオデジャネイロで開催された地球サミットにおいて採択された「アジェンダ 21」に始まり、2002 年ヨハネスブルグで開催された WSSD（＊1）での｢化学物質が、人の健康と環境にもたらす著しい悪影響を最小化する方法で、使用、生産されることを 2020 年までに達成する（いわゆる 2020 年目標）｣との合意と化学物
質固有の危険性のみに着目したハザードベース管理から環境への排出量（暴露量）を踏まえたリスクベース
管理へのシフトが 2020 年目標への対応の一つになった。そして、2006 年ドバイで開催された ICCM（＊2）において、SAICM（＊3）が採択され 2020 年目標が設定された。
このような状況の中、2003 年に GHS（＊4）が国連勧告され、各国で順次導入がなされている。また、化学物質管理についても、日本での化審法（＊5）や欧州での REACH（＊6）規制、中国での新化学物質環境管理弁法、
台湾での新化学物質管理制度、韓国での化学物質の登録及び評価に関する法律いわゆる K-REACH など、新たな取り組みや改正が順次進められている。塗料業界にあっても、それらの影響は無視できるものではなく、適正に法令順守を行うと共に今後の動向に注視しなければならない。
（＊1）WSSD： World Summit on Sustainable Development（持続可能な開発に関する世界首脳会議

別称：ヨハネスブ

ルグ・サミット、地球サミット）（＊2）ICCM： International Committee on Composite Materials（国際化学物質管理会議）（＊3）SAICM： Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management（国際的な化学物質管理のための戦略的アプ（＊4）GHS： Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals

ローチ）（化学品の分類および表示に関する世界調和システム）（＊5）化審法： 化学物質の審査及び製造等の規制に関する法律（＊6）REACH ： Registration，Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals（欧州連合（EU）における化学品の登録・評価・認可および制限に関する規則）

8.1

化学物質規制の動向

塗料に使用される原料には、油脂、合成樹脂、顔料及び染料、溶剤、その他の塗膜形成主要素及び副要素など広範な物質がある。物質によって、その取り扱いや処理・処分に何らかの規制が適用される。主な法規は、以下のとおりである。なお、ここでは、法規名は略称を採用し、規則内容も簡潔な表現にしている。
消防法－危政令－危規則－火災防止のための危険物としての規則
安衛法－安衛令（則）、特化則、有機則、鉛則など－作業者の安全・健康維持のための主として取り扱い上の規則
作業環境測定法－作業環境評価基準［評価基準］－安衛法各規則と併せて環境濃度の測定に基づく作業者保護のための作業環境管理に関する規則

708 第 8 章

8.10

化学物質に関する法規および規制について

欧州の化学物質規制
http://www.meti.go.jp/policy/chemical_management/int/reach.html

欧州連合（EU）では、2008 年 6 月 1 日から、新しい化学品規制いわゆる REACH 規制が運用開始された。
これは、Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals の略称である。本規則では、EU で物質（調剤中の物質も該当）を年間 1 トン以上製造又は輸入する事業者には登録手続が義務付けられ、また、登録の他にも条件に該当する場合は、許可、制限、届出などの義務がある。登録を申請できる期間（猶予期間）は、取り扱う物質の製造量・輸入量および危険有害性で異なる。ここで一層留意しておかねばならない
ことは、高懸念物質（SVHC（＊11））を使用する際には申請・認可を得る必要がある。この物質については、リスト（＊12）が公表されているので、参考にしていただきたい。
また、2009 年 1 月には CLP 規則が発効した。Regulation on Classification, Labelling and Packaging of substances
mixtures の略称。主にハザードコミュニケションを目的とする、GHS をベースとした EU における化学品の分類、表示、包装に関する規則である。この CLP 規則は、1 トン／年以下の製品も対象となることは留意しなければならない。ただし、2012 年 12 月 1 日以前に上市され、その規則に従い分類表示、包装された物質には移行期間が適用され、2014 年 12 月 1 日まで再ラベル、再包装が猶予される。また、混合物への適用は2015 年 6 月 1 日からとなるが、2015 年 6 月 1 日前に上市され、その規則若しくは DPD（＊13）に従い分類、表示、包装された場合は、2017 年 6 月 1 日まで再ラベル、再包装が猶予されることとなっている。
（＊11）SVHC： Substance of Very High Concern（一定程度以上の発ガン性・変異原性・生殖毒性物質（CMR 物質）や残留性、蓄積性、毒性を有する物質（PBT 物質）、残留性及び蓄積性が極めて高い物質（vPvB 物質）、
上記以外の化学物質で、内分泌かく乱特性を有しており人の健康や環境に深刻な影響がありそうなもの（個別に特定）が対象とされ、すでに、例えば、Dibutyl phthalate（フタル酸ジブチル）や Bis（2-ethyl（hexyl）phthalate）(DEHP）（フタル酸ジ 2－エチルヘキシル)、1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone（1－メチル－2－ピロリドン）などがあり、2012 年 6 月 18 日現在で、84 物質がリストアップされている。

（＊12）リスト ： http://echa.europa.eu/chem_data/authorisation_process/candidate_list_table_en.asp（＊13）DPD

8.11： Dangerous Preparation Directive

その他の海外国の化学物質規制
参考：（独）製品評価技術基盤機構化学物質管理センター「平成 22 年度海外の化学物質管理制度に関する調査 報告書」
http://www.safe.nite.go.jp/kanren/asia_kanren/pdf/H22FY_Chem_Report_Full.pdf

1．中国では、2001 年の WTO 加盟が自国の化学物質管理の大きな契機となったと言われている。その法制度は、「環境保護法」に定める化学物質管理に関する規定を中心に、国家法規と部門規則、行政法規及び化学物質管理標準等がある。その一例であるが、日本の化審法にあたる「物質環境管理弁法」や「安全生産法」、
日本の労働安全衛生法にあたる「中華人民共和国職業病防止法」や「化学品作業場所安全使用規定」、日本の消防法にあたる「中華人民共和国消防法」、そして他に「危険化学品安全管理条例」や「有毒化学品の輸出入環境管理規定」、「毒劇法」等がある。これらの法規に基づき、現在、輸出入管理や生産管理で一層厳しい行政側の管理がなされており、今後も引き続き継続されていくものと考えられる。
2．韓国では、1996 年の OECD 加盟にともない自国の化学物質管理を国際的に整合させる必要性が高まったと言われている。最近の動きとしては、日本の化審法と EU の REACH とを合せたような新法令、いわゆる
K-REACH（化学物質登録及び評価に関する法律：化評法）、を制定することになっている。一方、現在の化塗料原料便覧
昭和 42 年 7 月 10 日
昭和 45 年 11 月 10 日
昭和 50 年 11 月 15 日
昭和 56 年 4 月 15 日
昭和 62 年 4 月 20 日
平成 5 年 8 月 30 日
平成 11 年 5 月 31 日
平成 16 年 5 月 31 日
平成 26 年 3 月 31 日編

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東京都渋谷区恵比寿 3-12-8
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