Search for unknown interaction
with neutrons
Masaaki Kitaguchi
Center for experimental studies, KMI, Nagoya University

Fundamental Physics with Neutrons
Ni 244neVg
Strong Interaction

60neV
1T

0neV
- 60neVγdn

τ=885.7s

d

u

e-

W

n

p

νe
Weak Interaction

103neVG

1m
0neV

Gravitational Interaction

Electromagnetic Interaction

suitable for precision measurement

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page

2

Fundamental Physics with Neutrons
Unknown source of CP violation can be searched.
Neutrons can be used for a good probe of CP violating interactions
through . . .

T-odd correlation in compound nuclei
Neutron EDM
Unknown intermediate-range force can be detected.
Precise measurement of the potential between neutron
and material enables us to search . . .

Extra-dimension

Intermediate-range force

Extended gravity(Dark energy)

e.g. Chameleon field

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page

3

T-odd correlation in compound nuclei

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page

4

NOP-T

T-odd Correlation in Compound Nuclei
EnergyFundamental
CP phases

核子を使ったCP violationの探索実験

TeV

QCD

nucleon EDMgluon

self-couplings

T-odd P-odd pion-nucleon couplings

Muon EDM

nuclear

Neutron
EDM ( )

eN couplings

EDMs of nuclei
and ions(deuteron, etc)

T-odd P-odd pion-nucleon coupling

Title(核子を使ったCP violationの探索実験)

atomicEDMs of paramagnetic
molecules(YbF, PbO, HfF+)
Atoms in traps (Tl,Rb,Cs)Conf(RCNP Meeting “CP-violation in elementary particles and composite systems”)
Date(2014/11/10) At(RCNP)

page

EDMs of diamagnetic
atoms (Hg,Xe,Ra,Rn)Pospelov Ritz, Ann Phys 318 (05) 119

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page

5

8

NOP-T

P-violation in compound nuclei
P-violation in nucleon-violation in NN interaction
p

15MeV
45MeV
800MeVp-(1.7±0.8)×10-7-(2.3±0.8)×10-7-(2.4±1.1±0.1)×10-7

15MeV −(1.7±0.8)×10−7−7−(2.3±0.8)×10
45MeV
P-violationinneutron-nuclei
reaction
Epithermal Neutron Capture Reactions
45MeV −(1.3±0.8)×10−7
800MeV −(2.4±1.1±0.1)×10−7

n

A
139La

En = 0.734 eV 0.097±0.003
139La(E =0.734eV)
0.097±0.003
81Br
En = 0.734 eV 0.021±0.001
n-(0.013)of p-wave
resonancecross section~ 2% of total cross section

111Cd

En = 4.53 eV+0.007-0.004

P-violation is enhanced in p-wave resonance of
81Br(E =0.88eV)
nuclein compound0.021±0.001
111Cd(E =4.53eV) −(0.013+0.007)−0.004nSearch for unknown interaction with neutrons

KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page

6

NOP-T

P-violation in compound nuclei
P-violation in nucleon-violation in NN interaction
p

15MeV
45MeV
800MeVp-(1.7±0.8)×10-7-(2.3±0.8)×10-7-(2.4±1.1±0.1)×10-7

15MeV −(1.7±0.8)×10−7−7−(2.3±0.8)×10
45MeV
P-violationinneutron-nuclei
reaction
Epithermal Neutron Capture Reactions
45MeV −(1.3±0.8)×10−7
800MeV −(2.4±1.1±0.1)×10−7

n

A
139La

En = 0.734 eV 0.097±0.003
139La(E =0.734eV)
0.097±0.003
81Br
En = 0.734 eV 0.021±0.001
n-(0.013)of p-wave
resonancecross section~ 2% of total cross section

111Cd

En = 4.53 eV+0.007-0.004

P-violation is enhanced in p-wave resonance of
81Br(E =0.88eV)
nuclein compound0.021±0.001
111Cd(E =4.53eV) −(0.013+0.007)−0.004nSearch for unknown interaction with neutrons

KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page

6

NOP-T

P-violation in compound nuclei
P-violation in nucleon-violation in NN interaction
p

15MeV
45MeV
800MeVp

15MeV −(1.7±0.8)×10−7−7−(2.3±0.8)×10
45MeV
P-violationinneutron-nuclei
reaction
Epithermal Neutron Capture Reactions
45MeV −(1.3±0.8)×10−7
800MeV −(2.4±1.1±0.1)×10−7

n-(1.7±0.8)×10-7-(2.3±0.8)×10-7-(2.4±1.1±0.1)×10-7

p wave
sw

A

ave

139La

En = 0.734 eV 0.097±0.003
139La(E =0.734eV)
0.097±0.003
81Br
En = 0.734 eV 0.021±0.001
n-(0.013)of p-wave
resonancecross section~ 2% of total cross section

111Cd

En = 4.53 eV+0.007-0.004

P-violation is enhanced in p-wave resonance of
81Br(E =0.88eV)
nuclein compound0.021±0.001
111Cd(E =4.53eV) −(0.013+0.007)−0.004nSearch for unknown interaction with neutrons

KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page

6

NOP-T

P-violation in compound nuclei
P-violation in nucleon-violation in NN interaction
p

15MeV
45MeV
800MeVp-(1.7±0.8)×10-7-(2.3±0.8)×10-7-(2.4±1.1±0.1)×10-7

15MeV −(1.7±0.8)×10−7−7−(2.3±0.8)×10
45MeV
P-violationinneutron-nuclei
reaction
Epithermal Neutron Capture Reactions
45MeV −(1.3±0.8)×10−7
800MeV −(2.4±1.1±0.1)×10−7

n

A
139La

En = 0.734 eV 0.097±0.003
139La(E =0.734eV)
0.097±0.003
81Br
En = 0.734 eV 0.021±0.001
n-(0.013)of p-wave
resonancecross section~ 2% of total cross section

111Cd

En = 4.53 eV+0.0072% of p-wave total cross section-0.004

P-violation is enhanced in p-wave resonance of
81Br(E =0.88eV)
nuclein compound0.021±0.001
111Cd(E =4.53eV) −(0.013+0.007)−0.004nSearch for unknown interaction with neutrons

KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page

6

NOP-T

P-violation in compound nuclei
An(A+1)*

Σi ai (
Resonan target
ce spin spin

neutron total
angularmomentums-waveresonanceinterference

Dynamic
Structural
Enhancement Enhancement

J is good quantum number

p-waveresonance

102 - 103 ~ 103

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page

7

)
i

NOP-T

T-odd Correlation in Compound Nuclei
T-violation is also enhanced?

Gudkov, Phys. Rep. 212 (1992) 77.

w⇥CP = (J)⇥Pv
T-violation

gCP/gP P-violation
10-3 10-2σtot

Estimation in eﬀective field theory
Y.-H.Song et al., Phys. Rev. C83 (2011) 065503

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page

8

NOP-T

T-odd Correlation in Compound Nuclei
T-violation is also enhanced?

w⇥CP = (J)⇥Pv
T-violation

gCP/gP P-violation
10-3 10-2σtot

Gudkov, Phys. Rep. 212 (1992) 77.

compare with EDM

Estimation in eﬀective field theory
Y.-H.Song et al., Phys. Rev. C83 (2011) 065503

from upper limit of EDM

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page

8

NOP-T

T-odd Correlation in Compound Nuclei
T-violation is also enhanced?

w⇥CP = (J)⇥Pv
T-violation

gCP/gP P-violation
10-3 10-2σtot

Gudkov, Phys. Rep. 212 (1992) 77.

compare with EDM

Estimation in eﬀective field theory
Y.-H.Song et al., Phys. Rev. C83 (2011) 065503

from upper limit of EDM

More sensitive measurement with
Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page

8

NOP-T

T-violation in compound nuclei(n, γ) reaction measurement at J-PARC BL04 ANNRI

Single unknown parameter κ(J) can be estimatedby observing the shape of p-wave resonance peak.

Cluster-Detector

Neutronbeam

14 Ge（+BGO）Detectors, θ＝70,90,110 deg.

Sample Materials：natLa, LanatBr3, natIn
Intensity :~ 3 x 105 n/cm2/s: 0.9 eV < En < 1.1eV @300kW
Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page

9

NOP-T

T-violation in compound nuclei(n, γ) reaction measurement at J-PARC BL04 ANNRI
6A FH)
Simulation display
Comptonm

Full Abs.

O

Plre

137

Cs Gamma Ray Spectrum


4

10

71





l

Data
103

lim
ina



Simulation

Data/Simulation Ratio



1.4

1.2

102

ry

70.9 [deg]90 [deg]
109.1 [deg]

1

10

0.8

m

Count

K

P

Data/Simulation

137Cs

gamma energy [keV]

1

450

500

550

K

600

0.6
650

700

−10

−5

0

5

10
Position[cm]

[cm]
[keV]
Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI
Gamma Energy [keV]

page 10

NOP-T

T-violation in compound nuclei(n, γ) reaction measurement at J-PARC BL04 ANNRI

ectrum σ(En)139La(n,γ)

More detail-> Poster 14, Takuya Okudaira

5161keV (gnd. 3-)5126keV (5-)+5131keV (2-)

5098keV (Ex 63keV 4-)I

Neutron Enec)page 110.73 eV

14

ry

gamma energy [keV]

2.99 eV

page

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

nts

NOP-T

ina
4903keV (27Al)

En [eV]4842keV(Ex 318keV 3-)

neutron energy [eV]elim

4730keV (58Fe)

ry

4694keV(Ex 467keV 1-)

ina

Prspectrum σ(Eγ)
Gamma ray4580keV(Ex 581keV 0-)

Pre
lim

Analysis is on going …

Counts0.73 eVP-wave resonanceNOP-T

T-odd Correlation in Compound Nuclei
Experimental planp-wave resonance En = 3.2 eV
Γn = 0.1 eVJ-PARC BL07（Poisoned Moderator）

1011 n cm-2 s-1 sr-1 eV-1 MW-1

3He spin filter

2.2x10-5 sr

100 atm cm
Polarization 0.7
Transmission 0.4

Solid natXe
4cm x 4cm x 20cm
Polarization 0.25
epi-thermal
neutron detector

15 m

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page 12NOP-T

T-odd Correlation in Compound Nuclei
Experimental planp-wave resonance En = 3.2 eV
Γn = 0.1 eVJ-PARC BL07（Poisoned Moderator）

1011 n cm-2 s-1 sr-1 eV-1 MW-1

3He spin filter

2.2x10-5 sr

100 atm cm
Polarization 0.7
Transmission 0.4

Solid natXe
4cm x 4cm x 20cm
Polarization 0.25
epi-thermal
neutron detector

15 m

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI= 1.0×10-6

page 12NOP-T

T-odd Correlation in Compound Nuclei
Experimental planp-wave resonance En = 3.2 eV
Γn = 0.1 eVJ-PARC BL07（Poisoned Moderator）

1011 n cm-2 s-1 sr-1 eV-1 MW-1

3He spin filter

2.2x10-5 sr

100 atm cm
Polarization 0.7
Transmission 0.4

Solid natXe
4cm x 4cm x 20cm
Polarization 0.25
epi-thermal
neutron detector= 1.0×10-6

15 m

7 x 106 n s-1 at sample position~ 5 days

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page 12NOP-T

T-odd Correlation in Compound Nuclei
Experimental planp-wave resonance En = 3.2 eV
Γn = 0.1 eVJ-PARC BL07（Poisoned Moderator）

1011 n cm-2 s-1 sr-1 eV-1 MW-1

3He spin filter

2.2x10-5 sr

100 atm cm
Polarization 0.7
Transmission 0.4

Solid natXe
4cm x 4cm x 20cm
Polarization 0.25
epi-thermal
neutron detector

SEOP 3He spin filter is available
605mm

15 m

= 1.0×10-6

coil
in mu-metal shield

7 x 106 n s-1 at sample position~ 5 days

135

laser
system
3He cellSearch for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page 12NOP-T

T-odd Correlation in Compound Nuclei
Experimental planp-wave resonance En = 3.2 eV
Γn = 0.1 eVJ-PARC BL07（Poisoned Moderator）

1011 n cm-2 s-1 sr-1 eV-1 MW-1

3He spin filter

2.2x10-5 sr

100 atm cm
Polarization 0.7
Transmission 0.4

Solid natXe
4cm x 4cm x 20cm
Polarization 0.25
epi-thermal
neutron detector

SEOP 3He spin filter is available
605mm

15 m

coil
in mu-metal shield= 1.0×10-6

Polarized Target

Solid
laser
-1 atwith
7 xPolarized
106 n sXe
samplepositiondeveloped for nEDM co-magnetometer~ 5 days

135

laser
system
3He cellSearch for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page 12NOP-T

T-odd Correlation in Compound Nuclei
Experimental planp-wave resonance En = 3.2 eV
Γn = 0.1 eVJ-PARC BL07（Poisoned Moderator）
3He spin filter

2.2x10-5 sr

100 atm cm
Polarization 0.7
Transmission 0.4

11 n cm-2 s-1 sr-1 eV-1 MW-1
10
Epi-thermal neutron Detector
10B doped liquid scintillator

Solid natXe
4cm x 4cm x 20cm
Polarization 0.25

epi-thermal
neutron detector

SEOP 3He spin filter is available
605mm

15 m

coil
in mu-metal shield= 1.0×10-6

Polarized Target

Solid
laser
-1 atwith
7 xPolarized
106 n sXe
samplepositiondeveloped for nEDM co-magnetometer~ 5 days

135

laser
system
3He cellSearch for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page 12NOP-T

T-odd Correlation in Compound Nuclei
Experimental planp-wave resonance En = 3.2 eV
Γn = 0.1 eVJ-PARC
BL07（Poisoned
Moderator）
Epi-thermal
neutron Optics
epi-thermal neutron transport
optics,
3He spin filter
spin control, . . .

2.2x10-5 sr

100 atm cm
Polarization 0.7
Transmission 0.4

11 n cm-2 s-1 sr-1 eV-1 MW-1
10
Epi-thermal neutron Detector
10B doped liquid scintillator

Solid natXe
4cm x 4cm x 20cm
Polarization 0.25

epi-thermal
neutron detector

SEOP 3He spin filter is available
605mm

15 m

coil
in mu-metal shield= 1.0×10-6

Polarized Target

Solid
laser
-1 atwith
7 xPolarized
106 n sXe
samplepositiondeveloped for nEDM co-magnetometer~ 5 days

135

laser
system
3He cellSearch for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page 12NOP-T

T-odd Correlation in Compound Nuclei
Experimental planp-wave resonance En = 3.2 eV
Γn = 0.1 eVJ-PARC
BL07（Poisoned
Moderator）
Epi-thermal
neutron Optics
epi-thermal neutron transport
optics,
3He spin filter
spin control, . . .

2.2x10-5 sr

100 atm cm
Polarization 0.7
Transmission 0.4

11 n cm-2 s-1 sr-1 eV-1 MW-1
10
Epi-thermal neutron Detector
10B doped liquid scintillator

Solid natXe
4cm x 4cm x 20cm
Polarization 0.25

epi-thermal
neutron detector

SEOP 3He spin filter is available
605mm

15 m

coil
in mu-metal shield= 1.0×10-6

Polarized Target

Solid
laser
-1 atwith
7 xPolarized
106 n sXe
samplepositiondeveloped for nEDM co-magnetometer~ 5 days

135

laser
system
3He cellMore detail-> Poster 12, Tomoki Yamamoto

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page 12NOP-T

T-odd Correlation in Compound Nuclei

Epithermal Neutron Capture Reactions

P-violation is enhanced to 106 with interference
between partial wave functions of compound nuclei.

T-violation is also enhanced?

nA

0.097±0.003
of p-wave resona
cross section~ 2% of total cross sect139La(E =0.734eV)n

81Br(E =0.88eV)n
111Cd(E =4.53eV)ncan be measured at J-PARC.

Enhancement factor

0.021±0.001−(0.013+0.007−0.004

compare with EDM

is estimated with measurement of (n, γ) reaction.

Feasibility studies are now going on at BL04 ANNRI in J-PARC.
More detail -> Poster 14, Takuya Okudaira
Poster 12, Tomoki Yamamoto
R&D for T-violation experiments has also started.
Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page 13

NOP-T

T-odd Correlation in Compound Nuclei
NOPTREX collaboration
Nagoya University
H.M.Shimizu, M.Kitaguchi, K.Hirota,
T.Okudaira, A.Okada, K.Nagamoto,
M.Yokohashi, T.Yamamoto,
T.Morishima, G.Ichikawa, Y.Kiyanagi
Kyushu University
T.Yoshioka, S.Takada, J.Koga
JAEA
K.Sakai, A.Kimura, H.Harada
Univ. British Columbia
T.Momose
Yamagata Univ.
T.Iwata, Y.Miyachi
RIKEN
N.Yamanaka, Y.Yamagata
KEK
T.Ino, S.Ishimoto, K.Taketani, K.Mishima
Kyoto Univ.
M.HinoIndiana University
W.M.Snow, J.Curole
Univ. South Carolina
V.Gudkov
Oak Ridge National Lab.
J.D.Bowman, S.Penttila, X.Tong
Kentucky Univ.
B.Plaster, D.Schaper
Paul Scherrer Institut
P.Hautle
Southern Illinois University
B.M.Goodson
Univ. California Berkeley
A.S.Tremsin

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page 14

Neutron Electric Dipole Moment

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page 15

Spin is reversed.

Neutron EDM
Energy＋Fundamental
CP phases

­

TeV

QCD

gluon
self-couplings

T reversal

Electric charges
don’t change.

＋­

Muon EDM

nuclear

Neutron
EDM ( )

eN couplings

EDMs of nuclei
and ions(deuteron, etc)

atomicEDMs of paramagnetic
molecules(YbF, PbO, HfF+)
Atoms in traps (Tl,Rb,Cs)

EDMs of diamagnetic
atoms (Hg,Xe,Ra,Rn)Pospelov Ritz, Ann Phys 318 (05) 119

Present upper limit|dn| < 2.9 × 10-26 e cm

is approaching to the predictions of some physics
beyond the standard model of particle physics.
Standerd Model :New Physics (SUSY ...) :|dn| ~ 10-32 e cm
|dn| ~ 10-27 ~ -28 e cm

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page

16

Spin is reversed.

Neutron EDM
Energy＋Fundamental
CP phases

­

TeV

QCD

gluon
self-couplings

T reversal

Electric charges
don’t change.

＋­

Muon EDM

nuclear

Neutron
EDM ( )

eN couplings

EDMs of nuclei
and ions(deuteron, etc)

atomicEDMs of paramagnetic
molecules(YbF, PbO, HfF+)
Atoms in traps (Tl,Rb,Cs)

EDMs of diamagnetic
atoms (Hg,Xe,Ra,Rn)Pospelov Ritz, Ann Phys 318 (05) 119

Present upper limit|dn| < 2.9 × 10-26 e cm

is approaching to the predictions of some physics
beyond the standard model of particle physics.
Standerd Model :New Physics (SUSY ...) :|dn| ~ 10-32 e cm
New approach required|dn| ~ 10-27 ~ -28 e cm

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page

16

Neutron EDM

hω+=2µnB 2dnE

Dense UCNs

B±

Precessions of stored UCNs are measured.
⇥±
=3
2

101

B
±5
1µT

10 8

dn
E
10 26 e · cm 10kV/cm

1fT equiv.

1μT

Use intense source
PSI

KEK-RCNPUCN source
at TRIUMF
low loss
TRIUMFhigh power
20102m3 vacuum
UCN storage

E

1000 cm-3

30 liters, 5K
solid D2

p-beam
1.3 MW
1% duty cycle

3.6 m2 D2Oaverage = 13kW
max. peak power = 1.3MW

average=20kW
max. peak power = 200kW

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page

17

8

Neutron EDM
Dense UCNs
Precessions of stored UCNs are measured.
⇥±
=3
2

101

B
±5
1µT

10 8

dn
E
10 26 e · cm 10kV/cm

1fT equiv.

1μT

Use intense source
PSI

KEK-RCNPUCN source
at TRIUMF
low loss
TRIUMFhigh power
20102m3 vacuum
UCN storage

1000 cm-3

30 liters, 5K
solid D2

p-beam
1.3 MW
1% duty cycle

3.6 m2 D2Oaverage = 13kW
max. peak power = 1.3MW

average=20kW
max. peak power = 200kW

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page

17

8

Neutron EDM
UCN optics
for next generation UCN experiments
UCN Rebuncher

Rebuncher reshapes UCNs into sharp pulse.
x

ece

d

fa
st
UC
N

Rebuncherosl

UCN production
at converter

ted
a
r
le

w

N
UC

UCN Rebuncher を実証
ILL UCN ビームをパルス化し、加減速を制御
検出器位置に集束させることに成功
シミュレーションと良く一致t
集束できる帯域の拡大などの開発を継続中

keeps the UCN density throughtransport.
論文 出版済み

Rebuncer decelerates the UCNs according to the velocity,

各機関の広報やWebニュースにて公表済み

DLC mirror

ON2

neutron EDM at J-PARC (P33)
RF ON / RF OFF
RF ON / RF OFF

door positionhigh density
1.8
1.6

Rebuncher ON

1.4
2

1.2

1.8

Accelerated

1.6(opposite spin)

1

0.8

Rebunched !

1.4

0.6

1.2

Focused

0.4

1

0.2
0.8
0
0.6
0
0.4

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

Blue : Exp. Data

1.8
2
TOF [sec]

0.2
Arimoto,et. al., PRA86, 023843(2013)
Red : Simulation
0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8
2
TOF [sec]

Y. Arimoto, et., al., Phys. Rev. A 86, 023843 (2012).

potential 240 neV
Neutron高い反射能力と平滑性をもつDLCミラーを作成
mirror with high reflectivity on
off-specular reflection < 1%complex shape
can be fabricated using
中性子に対する光学ポテンシャル
225 neVdiamond-likecarbon by CVD.
重水素化によってポテンシャル
50% up
表面粗さは Ni ミラーより格段に良い→ Rebuncher によるUCN 輸送に有効

Simulation of UCN movement

We have developed the simulation tools based on GEANT4.
磁束計を構築中
Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page

18

Neutron EDM
Crystal EDM
measures spin precession in strong electric fieldin non-centrosymmetric crystal.

UCN storage
urrent nEDM experiment
ILL II~ 104 at
V/cm

Crystal diﬀraction~ 108 V/cm

metal B-shields

Mu-metal

HV in

B0 field coils B fields
0

Z

coil

*

Neutroncell

n cell*cury lamp lightGroundelectrodeund electrodemes Karamath

Neutrons in/out

electric field
University of Sussex

30/06/2006 10:13:34

11

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page

19

Neutron EDM
Crystal EDM
measures spin precession in strong electric fieldin non-centrosymmetric crystal.

UCN storage
urrent nEDM experiment
ILL II~ 104 at
V/cm

Crystal diﬀraction~ 108 V/cm

metal B-shields

Mu-metal

HV in

B0 field coils B fields
0

Z

coil

*

Neutroncell

n cell*cury lamp lightGroundelectrodeund electrodemes Karamath

Neutrons in/out

University of Sussex

30/06/2006 10:13:34

11

neutron standing wave

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page

19

electric fieldNeutron EDM
Crystal EDM
measures spin precession in strong electric fieldin non-centrosymmetric crystal.

hσ( dn ) =2Eτ nT
Same order of sensitivity can be achieved.

€

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page

20

Neutron EDM
Crystal EDM

We prepared BGO crystals.

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page

21

Neutron EDM
Crystal EDM at J-PARC

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page

22

Neutron EDM
Crystal EDM at J-PARC

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page

22

Neutron EDM
Crystal EDM at J-PARC

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page

22

Neutron EDM
Crystal EDM at J-PARC
Diffraction peaks were observed.
The effect from the electric field in the crystal can be estimated.

7]ĤĴĐö`i$T
bin=50μsec

mtof-ÏÑR"
18 × 10 6
tof =⋅ λ + t0 ,3956.034

ĵ332Ķ

ĵ222Ķ

12000

14000

16000

18000

ĵ211Ķ

ĵ310Ķ

0.00020
10000(t 0 = 61.5µs)

BGO（231）ĵ231Ķ

€ĵ341Ķ

ĵ352Ķ
ĵ233Ķ
ĵ431Ķ
ĵ440Ķĵ420Ķ

0.0004

Intensity vs TOF(396)ĵ451Ķ

0.0006

ĵ422Ķĵ312Ķ

0.0008

ĵ323Ķĵ462Ķ

0.001

ĵ530Ķ

n/kp

Bi12GeO20

20000

22000

n
i
m

i
l
re

P

24000
TOF(µsec)

T Þöëñĵ532ĶÖù7]ĤĴĐú ùĤĴĐöÍ÷òô!"¬ùñĀ!
Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
ĵ332ĶÖĂĵ231ĶÖõĨĳğİOĉ¼ýñ!
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page

23

y
r
a

Neutron EDM
Crystal EDM at J-PARC
Many diffractions from different lattice planes can be measured byusing pulsed neutrons.

illustrated by S. Itoh

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page

24

Neutron EDM
UCN optics
for next generation UCN experiments
UCN Rebuncher

Rebuncher reshapes UCNs into sharp pulse.
xhigh density
RF ON / RF OFF

door position

ted
a
r
le

e
dec

Rebuncher

1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1

fa
st
UC
N

0.8

o
sl

w

0.6

N
UC

Focused

0.4
0.2
0
0

UCN production
at converter

ON

2

t

keeps the UCN density through transport.

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8
2
TOF [sec]

Arimoto, et. al., PRA86, 023843(2013)

Rebuncer decelerates the UCNs according to the velocity,

Crystal EDM

Same order of sensitivity can be achieved.

±hω+=2µnB 2dnE

B E

measures spin precession
in strong electric field in
non-centrosymmetric crystal.

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page

25

Scattering Experiment
to study Intermediate-range Force

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page 26

Non-Newtonian Gravity ?

-r/λ)
-r/λ)
V(r)=-(GM/r)(1+αeV(r)=-(GM/r)(1+αe３次元空間における重力
ける重力

m1m2
mF1m
2
3
= G3 3 2(r) = GV(r)=-(GM/r)(1+αe
2
-r/λ)
r
r
N次元空間における重力
ける重力
m1m2
m
m
2 = GNN −1= GN FN1N(r)−1rrr=R*において接続
続For example…
Gravityfor 3-Dimension
３次元空間における重力
G
GN
G
3
N
=
G3 =
G
R *2 GR3 *=N −1 NN−3
R *N −3 F (r) = G m1m 2
R*
3
3
r2
R*がプランク長よりも長いと、N次元空間における重力Gravityfor N-Dimension
ク長よりも長いと、G3が小さくなる
mm
小さくなる€
F (r) = G 1 2
L

L

N

N

r=R*において接続
Connect
at r = R*€r N −1GN
R *N −3rn
V (r)e−(2 π k / L )r n
1 L −un余剰次元では運動量は2π/Lを単位として量子化されている€−(2
πG
k 3/ L )r∑
R*がプランク長よりも長いと、
=
G
d
ue


∫
3
→


V (r)
1 L r<<L rn  2−πur 
余剰次元方向に運動量(q量は2π/Lを単位として量子化されている
m1me2
Extra-dimension
is , q , ...,q )で飛び出す(k1 ,…kn ) G r =G ∫ d ue∑3が小さくなる → 3
gravitonは、質量|q|を持っているように見える G3compactiﬁed.
向に運動量(q, q , ...,q )で飛び出す


m
m
r
r
2
π
r
r<<L
1 2
€
€(k1 ,…kn )Date(2008/06/20)
by(H.M.Shimizu)
は、質量|q|を持っているように見えるnTitle(中性子の基礎物理) −(2 π k / L )r


V
(r)
e
1
L
Date(2008/06/20)
by(H.M.Shimizu)−u
Conf(KEK金茶会)
n
されている
L
= G39 ∑Gdue
Title(中性子の基礎物理)
∫
page
3
び出す
Conf(KEK金茶会)
m1m2
r€ →
r  2πr r<<L(k1 ,…kn )

見える
page

himizu)€G3
GN=
R *2 R *N −1

V(r)=-(GM/r)(1+αe-r/λ)

r

1

1

2

2

G3 =

n

n

9

€

Search for r
unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,−( 2 π k / L )rV(r)e
Masaaki
Kitaguchi,
Centerfor
Experimental
Studies,
KMI
余剰次元では運動量は2π/Lを単位として量子化されている= G3 ∑n
1  page
L 
−u
27
n
G3 
 ∫ d ueNon-Newtonian Gravity ?

-r/λ)
-r/λ)
V(r)=-(GM/r)(1+αeV(r)=-(GM/r)(1+αe３次元空間における重力
ける重力

m1for
m2 additional force in
mFSearch
1m
2
3= G3 3 2(r) = GV(r)=-(GM/r)(1+αe
2
-r/λ)
r
r
intermediate-range( μm - nm )N次元空間における重力
ける重力
m1m2
m
m
2 = GNN −1= GN FN1N(r)−1rrr=R*において接続
続For example…
Gravityfor 3-Dimension
３次元空間における重力
G
GN
G
3
N
=
G3 =
G
R *2 GR3 *=N −1 NN−3
R *N −3 F (r) = G m1m 2
R*
3
3
r2
R*がプランク長よりも長いと、N次元空間における重力Gravityfor N-Dimension
ク長よりも長いと、G3が小さくなる
mm
小さくなる€
F (r) = G 1 2
L

L

N

N

r=R*において接続
Connect
at r = R*€r N −1GN
R *N −3rn
V (r)e−(2 π k / L )r n
1 L −un余剰次元では運動量は2π/Lを単位として量子化されている€−(2
πG
k 3/ L )r∑
R*がプランク長よりも長いと、
=
G
d
ue


∫
3
→


V (r)
1 L r<<L rn  2−πur 
余剰次元方向に運動量(q量は2π/Lを単位として量子化されている
m1me2
Extra-dimension
is , q , ...,q )で飛び出す(k1 ,…kn ) G r =G ∫ d ue∑3が小さくなる → 3
gravitonは、質量|q|を持っているように見える G3compactiﬁed.
向に運動量(q, q , ...,q )で飛び出す


m
m
r
r
2
π
r
r<<L
1 2
€
€(k1 ,…kn )Date(2008/06/20)
by(H.M.Shimizu)
は、質量|q|を持っているように見えるnTitle(中性子の基礎物理) −(2 π k / L )r


V
(r)
e
1
L
Date(2008/06/20)
by(H.M.Shimizu)−u
Conf(KEK金茶会)
n
されている
L
= G39 ∑Gdue
Title(中性子の基礎物理)
∫
page
3
び出す
Conf(KEK金茶会)
m1m2
r€ →
r  2πr r<<L(k1 ,…kn )

見える
page

himizu)€G3
GN=
R *2 R *N −1

V(r)=-(GM/r)(1+αe-r/λ)

r

1

1

2

2

G3 =

n

n

9

€

Search for r
unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,−( 2 π k / L )rV(r)e
Masaaki
Kitaguchi,
Centerfor
Experimental
Studies,
KMI
余剰次元では運動量は2π/Lを単位として量子化されている= G3 ∑n
1  page
L 
−u
27
n
G3 
 ∫ d ueScattering Experiment to study Intermediate-range Force
Small angle scattering with noble gas

789<=11"$",5=4;02$.3303"25=.,

to search the deviation from nuclear scattering! %$ 2+"!/0.1!,!"-$#.&%#

Newtonian + α
in nm range

!!
!!
!! 4'
!! 3)
!! 3'
!!
!! +)
23
α=10
!! +'
!! *)
λ=0.5 nm!! *'En=20 meV !! )
!

θ
Xe

!

%
&
56
!*'

'

(

)

*%

*&

!"#$""
*'

-3

N

'

le
c
u

ar

'(')

t.
t
a
c
S

'(*

0
1
x

+,-,./,01.$2"0324556
9:2;"4$03245560!0*%78

'(*)

'(+

'(+)
!!"#$%&!

aG∝α

図 2: 中性子散乱の角度依存性。短距離重力 (赤線) は前方に大を持ち、核力の散乱（青破線）と区別できる。
!

!次元中性子検出器

!

散乱中性子

標的ガス
!入射中性子

散乱角!!

逆!乗則の場合

微分断面積!
"##$%%

Search for unknown interaction! with neutrons
真空槽
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental
Studies, KMI!

&###$%%page 28

逆!乗則か
ズレを検出

Scattering Experiment to study Intermediate-range Force
Small angle scattering with noble gas

789<=11"$",5=4;02$.3303"25=.,

to search the deviation from nuclear scattering! %$ 2+"!/0.1!,!"-$#.&
%#

!!
!!
!! 4'
!! 3)
!! 3'
!!
!! +)
23
α=10
!! +'
!! *)
λ=0.5 nm!! *'En=20 meV !! )!

Target Gas

Newtonian + α
Scatteringin nm range

neutrons
Detectorθ

Deviation from Xe
Newtonian law

!

%
&
56
!*'

'

(

)

*%

*&

!"#$""
*'

-3

N

'

le
c
u

ar

'(')

t.
t
a
c
S

'(*

0
1
x

+,-,./,01.$2"0324556
9:2;"4$03245560!0*%78'(*)

Newtonian law

'(+

'(+)
!!"#$%&!

aG∝α

図 2: 中性子散乱の角度依存性。短距離重力 (赤線) は前方に大を持ち、核力の散乱（青破線）と区別できる。
!

!次元中性子検出器

!

散乱中性子

標的ガス
!入射中性子

散乱角!!

逆!乗則の場合

微分断面積!
"##$%%

Search for unknown interaction! with neutrons
真空槽
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental
Studies, KMI!

&###$%%page 28

逆!乗則か
ズレを検出

Neutron Optics and Physics (NOP) beamline

We constructed the cold neutron beamline“NOP” for fundamental physics
in Material and Life science Facility.
Tree branches are available.
• Polarized beam
• Unpolarized beam
• Low-divergence beam
Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page 29

Neutron Optics and Physics (NOP) beamline

Scattering Exp.

Neutron Lifetime
Measurement

We constructed the cold neutron beamline“NOP” for fundamental physics
in Material and Life science Facility.
Tree branches are available.
• Polarized beam
• Unpolarized beam
• Low-divergence beam
Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page 29

To evaluate the difference from the well-known interaction,
Scattering Experiment to study Intermediate-range Forcethe data is compared with our Monte-Carlo simulation.
Physics data has just taken at NOP beamline at J-PARC.

The simulation is not include

on going …and absorption yet.
the effectAnalysis
of gasis motion
X plot Exp. and Sim.

5[
nm

6.0

-1

]

[nm

-1

]

m -1
]
6.5
[n

5.

0.45

0.4

]

nm

0.35

=

5.

20
0.3

y

q

25

0.5

-1

q

Gas target
0[

800

−3

=

q=

30

25

neutron beam
q=

1000

35

[nm -1]

Not include Gas motion and Absorption

q = 7.0

Simulation(Nuclear Scattering Only)

TOF [msec]

count

×10

40

dσ/dΩ[bn/sr]

Experiment

1200

dσ /dΩ Xe

Xe-Vac Diff. Cross Section

20

in

ar

600

im

200

10
0.15

10
0.1

5

5

0.05

q = 0.0[nm-1]

−0.3

−0.2

detector position

−0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3
x[m]

Fig 4. Compare between experimental vacuum data subtracted Xe data

Xe scattering data compared with Monte-Carlosimulation without exotic interactions

and Monte-Carlo simulation result•

Outlook •

0.25

0.2

15

Pr
el

400

15

0
0

2D
neutron
Detector
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0

0
0

1

2

3

4

θ [rad]56q[nm-1

Fig 5. The diﬀerential cross section of experimental data

Upgraded experiment
performed(Increase
Morearedetail-> Poster 13, Noriko Oiga

We analyze the experimental data and upgrade sim
Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page 30

geScattering
unknown
force
Experiment to study Intermediate-range Forceiv. ),
data has just Univ.),
taken at NOP beamline.
oru Physics
Matsumoto(Kyushu
1026
1025

EXCLUDED REGION

Coupling constant |α|1024 Nesvizhevsky et al.

neutron beam

Kamiya et al.

1023

Gas target

1022
Mohideen et al.

1021

1020
1019
1018
1017
1016

Mostepanenko et al.

expected
result10−9Decca et al.

10−8Compton length λ [m]10−71998): 263-272. Fig 1. Exclusion map for an unknown interaction

ution.

2D neutron Detector

More detail -> Poster 13, Noriko Oi

new

Search for unknown interaction with neutronsinteraction
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page 31

Neutron interferometerto study Extended Gravity Field

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page 32

of the chameleon–photon interaction. It is based on the standard
method of measurement the phase shift of a neutron wave in the
chameleon–neutron interaction potential.
Irrespective of any particular variant of the theory, test of the
Yu.N. Pokotilovski/ Physics
719 (2013) 341–345
interaction of particles
with matterat LetterssmallBdistances
may be interesting.
In theone ofpopular variants
the chameleon scalar field theory
non-strictly vertical mirror
componentof theofEarthchameleoneffective
potential isy normal to the surface [4–9]of thethemirrorproducesthe poten-$

ϕ =Gravity
k L + (b + a) Field
Neutron interferometer to study Extended(

Chameleon fieldκ mgz, where
g is thegravitational acceleration,and theresultsphase
V eff (φ) =shift
V (φ) + e βφ/ M P l ρ ,(1)ient κ depends on the angle θ between gravity vector and−5 . This linear potential
interferometer
irror plane. Atinθ=10′′ , κ
≈5×
where
M10
Pl is the Planck mass, V (φ) is the scalar field potential:r =to additional phase shift

ϕII, gr − ϕ I , gr
κ gm2 !

Λ4+n
V (φ) = Λ +,φn4bulk matter(2)" and ρ is the local energy density of the environment. In these ex(b + a) L 2 + (b − a)22
pressions Λ = (h̄3 c 3 ρd.e. )1/4 = 2.4 meV is the dark energy scale,2kh̄ (a + b)"
ρd.e.%≈ field
0.7 × 10−8 erg/cm3 is the dark energy density, n is the pa$Chameleon# 2
2− b +aL 2 + (b + rametera)2
in the inverse power law variants of the chameleon scalarκ gm2 abLkh̄2 a + b

,

2

z

field theory.
(10)
The chameleon interaction potentialof a neutron with bulk
matter (mirror) was calculated in [16]:

II

−

+

2

2

mV 0

%L !
l

$

%l !

1 + ((b + a)/ L )22kh̄ λαn −1

b+a
L

x−a

$

"αn −1

343

0

a−

)

dx

γ 1 + ((b + a)/ L )2 & αn
= ϕII,geom +b
λαn −1 αn (b + a)

Here l = (aL )/(a + b) is the x-coordin
flection point from the mirror, γ = (mV 0n)/(2 + n).
The geometric phase shift is

ϕgeom = ϕII,geom − ϕ I ,geom=k&$

L 2 + (b + a)2 −$L 2 + (b − aated in analogy with Eqs. (6)–(9).
!
"2/(2+n) ! "2/(2+n)
with relative precision better than ab/ L
Neutroninterferometer
m
2
+
n
z
e Coriolis phase shift due Vto( zthe
rotationshift linearly depends on position of the in) = Earthβ√ [22] isFig. 2. The neutron wave phase shifts ϕ in the Lloyd’s mirror interferometer withM Pl λλ2
It means that the interference pattern in aparameters: the neutron wave length 100 Å, L = 1 m, a = 0.01 cm, the interac2m2"parameters!
"2/(2+n) !
2/(2+n) of the chameleon field
7 precision: ab / L ∼ 1
is sinusoidal
with
high
=
(!A),
(11)
tion
with
matter
β
=
10
,
n
=
1
and
n
=
6.
Also
2+n
z
h̄
and
= β · 0.9 · 10−21 eV √shown: the gravitational phase shift
ϕ gr Lat=κ100= 5 cm.
× 10−5 ; the Coriolis phase shift,
λ the effect of reflection as δ ϕrefl = πThe
−1 ).
and
− ϕrefl(kb =shift
106 cmphase
fromthe chameleon n! is the vector of angular rotation of the Earth and2 A is
! "2/(2+n)
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page 33
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Masaaki
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highsensitivity
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Neutron interferometer to study Extended Gravity Field
Neutron interferometerusing large silicon ingot is tested now.

Si perfect crystal interferometer
thermal neutrons

reflection off
the lattice~1A

L <10cm~

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page 34

Neutron interferometer to study Extended Gravity Field
Neutron interferometer Test at NIST
Neutron Optics and Interferometry Facility (NIOF)
Isolated 40,000 Kg room is supported by six airsprings
Active Vibration Control eliminates vibrations less than 10Hz
Temperature Controlled to +/- 5 mK

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page 35

Neutron interferometer to study Extended Gravity Field
Neutron interferometer Test at NIST has started !

Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page 36

Summary
Neutron is suitable for the precision measurement of the small influenceof new physics beyond the standard model of elementary particles.
T-odd P-odd correlation in nuclear reaction can be enhanced in somecompound nuclei. Feasibility studies are now going on at BL04 ANNRI
beamline in J-PARC.
More detail -> Poster 14, Takuya OkudairaMore detail -> Poster 12, Tomoki Yamamoto

Development of next generation UCN optics for Neutron EDM.
Crystal EDM is also important, as a method with another systematics.
Small angle scattering to study intermediate-range force is now goingon at BL05 NOP beamline in J-PARC.
More detail -> Poster 13, Noriko Oi

Neutron interferometer with slow neutrons has the advantage to measuresmall interaction, induced by gravity, dark energy.
Search for unknown interaction with neutrons
KMI2017, 5 Jan. 2017,
Masaaki Kitaguchi, Center for Experimental Studies, KMI

page 37