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Grand Tour –New Discoveries
Copyright © 2024 by Anthony Sellick, James Bury, Kaori Horiuchi
All rights reserved for Japan.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form
without permission from Seibido Co., Ltd.

2PREFACE
During the 17th and 18th centuries wealthy young people took
a trip around Europe in order to complete their education. They visited
famous historical sites, learned languages, and made friends withpeople in various countries. The Grand Tour helped prepare them forlife as international citizens.
The Grand Tour series of books looks at a variety of important
trends that are shaping the modern world. Each book examines issues
that affect our lives, which will change our lives in the future, andwhich you will influence in the future.
The topics covered in the essays range widely and are grouped
into four sections: the worlds of culture and society, science andtechnology, business and economics, and politics and international
relations. Included are topics that encourage you to look at an everyday
thing from a new perspective, topics that showcase the amazing
progress and discoveries that are being made, and topics which focus
on aspects of the world that need to be changed or which are changing
too slowly.
We hope that you will find these topics interesting and thoughtprovoking, and that they encourage you to learn more about them. We
sincerely hope you enjoy your Grand Tour.
Anthony Sellick, James Bury, and Kaori Horiuchi

3

CONTENTS
Culture and Society
Chapter 1

Who’s the Fairest of Them All?
The Surprising Truth About Beauty

一番きれいなのは誰？―美しさの驚くべき真実

Chapter 2

Fan Fiction, Cosplay, and Rock Balancing
The World’s Most Unusual Hobbies

ファン・フィクション、コスプレ、ロック・バランシング―世界で最も珍しい趣味

Chapter 3

The Ethics of Sport

19

I’m Bored

How Boredom Can Be Good for Us

飽きてしまった―退屈さがどれほど良いものか

Chapter 5

13

It’s All a Part of the Game
それが試合のすべてだ―スポーツの倫理

Chapter 4725

Go Whistle!

A Different Way of Communicating

口笛を吹こう！―意思疎通の様々な方法

31

Science and Technology
Chapter 6

Now You See It

What Magic Can Tell Us About Our Minds

今は見えていますね―マジックが教えてくれる私たちの意識

Chapter 7

Creator or Created?
Social Media and Narcissism

作る側？それとも作られる側？―ソーシャルメディアとナルシシズム

Chapter 8

What Is Xenotransplantation?

How Vaccines Have Changed Our Lives55

Bad Air

The Hidden Dangers of Air Pollution

空気が悪い―大気汚染の隠された危険449

Not Just a Flu Shot

インフルエンザの予防接種だけじゃない―ワクチンはどれほど私たちの生活を変えてきたのか

Chapter 1043

The Man With a Pig’s Heart豚の心臓を持つ男―異種移植とは何か？

Chapter 93761

Business and Economics
Chapter 11

Marketing Mistakes
When Advertising Doesn’t Pay

マーケティングの失敗―広告が割に合わないとき

Chapter 12

Bought and Sold
Who Owns Life?

買われて売られて―人生は誰のものか

Chapter 13

What Is the Poverty Premium?

79

Every Little HelpsHow Much Money Do We Need?

塵も積もれば山となる―いくら必要なのか

Chapter 1573

The High Price of Poverty
貧困の高い代償―貧困割増金とは何か

Chapter 1467

85

The Cost of Learning
What Is Education Worth?

学びの費用―教育の価値とは

91

Politics and International Relations
Chapter 16

Help or Hindrance?
The Impact of Foreign Aid

助けか妨害か―対外援助の価値

Chapter 17

How to Change the World
Peaceful Protest

世界を変える方法―平和的な抗議

Chapter 18

How Do We Balance Competing Rights?

109

Population PowerThe Economic Impact of Immigration
人口の力―移民の経済的影響

Chapter 20

103

It’s My Right

それは私の権利―相反する権利をどのように釣り合わせるかChapter 19

97

115

Anime, Disney, and Democracy
What Is Soft Power?

アニメ、ディズニー、民主主義―ソフトパワーとは何か

121
5

Chapter 1 Who’s the Fairest of Them All?

Chapter1

Who’s the Fairest ofThem All?
The Surprising Truth About Beauty

Topic Activation
Think about the topic of beauty. Write as many words connected to the topic as you
can in the space below. Then, compare your words with a partner.

Useful Words
Choose a word from the list below to complete each sentence.
1. After spending a week in Okinawa they all had dark.

2. He had to go to hospital after a dog chased him and bit him on the
3. Labradoodles are created by

Labrador dogs and poodles together.

4. She used her smartphone to cheat in the test, so she was
5. It is common for people to feel someanxiety

Reading

butt.

tans.

before giving a speech.
breeding

disqualified

1-02 〜 08
02

In December 2021, 43 contestants taking part in a beauty contest in Saudi
Arabia were disqualified because they had received treatments to make them more
beautiful. The beauty contest was the King Abdulaziz Camel Festival, and all thecontestants were camels. Does a beauty contest for camels seem surprising? Around
5 the world, there are beauty contests for dogs, cats, cows (in Vietnam), goats (inLithuania), elephants (in Nepal), pigeons (in the US), and even tarantula spiders (in17Britain). What can this wide range of beauty contests tell us about human ideas ofbeauty?
03

Scientific research indicates that beauty is a way for animals to show that they
10 are healthy and a good choice for breeding. In other words, the most beautiful
individuals have the most offspring. However, the environmental conditions indifferent areas may result in different features being valued as being more beautiful,such as lighter-colored animals being preferred in snowy areas, and darker animals
being preferred in rocky areas. Furthermore, not every animal can mate with the most
15 beautiful animal. Some will mate with the second most beautiful, some with the third
most beautiful, and so on. These two facts mean that there will always be a lot ofvariety in beauty.
204

In humans, this means that while
our ideas of beauty are partly
20 biological, they are also partly culturaland partly individual. It also means thatideas of beauty will often be different
in different places and at different
times in history. When considering
25 beauty among cultures and historicalperiods we soon discover that there has
never been a single idea of humanbeauty. For example, in ancient Greece,
the people of Athens thought that
30 plump women with light skin were themost beautiful. But the people of theneighboring state of Sparta thought thatmuscular women with tans were themost beautiful.
30535

8

Looking at pictures of famous
fashion models or idols from 10 or 20years ago, it is easy to see that beauty
4

In the 1950s, Marilyn Monroe, Audrey Hepburn, Ayako
Wakao, and Pearl Bailey were famous for their beauty,
but everything about them is different – except theirbeauty.

Chapter 1 Who’s the Fairest of Them All?

fashions can change very quickly. Why is this? Psychologists have discovered that justbeing famous can make you more beautiful. This is called the familiarity principle,
40 and it means that the more often we see a person – and we see famous people a lot –the more beautiful we think they are. Consequently, as new people become famousand popular, our ideas of what is beautiful also change.
06

Throughout history, artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo have tried
to show us the beauty that they see. But this may be very different from reality. Today
45 we see this in the use of computer software to modify how people look, such as thephotoshopping of models in magazines and the use of filters in online platforms like
Instagram and TikTok. In other words, even the models in pictures look very different
in real life. For example, in 2019, actor Jameela Jamil complained that a magazine hadchanged how her arms, knees, ankles, breasts, body shape, and skin color looked in a50 picture.
507

The fact that advertisers, the media, and social media influencers do not show us
how people really look is a big problem. It means that the products they sell or
promote cannot make you look like the model in the advertisement, because that is notwhat the model really looks like. Furthermore, being exposed to such unnaturally
55 beautiful images can make people feel dissatisfied with how they look. This is anespecially important problem for teenagers who, because their bodies and faces arechanging, often lack confidence in their appearance. Research in 2019 found thatusing Instagram made over 30 percent of teenage girls feel worse about their bodies.
In addition, the more that people posted selfies online, the more dissatisfied they felt
60 about their bodies, and the more they used filters to “fix” how they looked. Suchfeelings can be very damaging to our mental health and lead to increased anxiety,stress, depression, eating disorders, and even suicide.
608

Ignoring reality and trying to be a fantasy version of ourselves is not healthy.
Instead, we need to learn what nature has really taught us about beauty. The surprising
65 truth about beauty is this: whether you are tall, short, thin, fat, have large breasts or
small breasts, thin legs or thick legs, a small butt or a big butt, light skin or dark skin,light hair or dark hair, long hair or short hair, a flat stomach or a round stomach, bigeyes or small eyes, thick eyebrows or thin eyebrows, body art or no body art, you are
79

beautiful. You are beautiful, and a lot more people think so than you realize. So, look
70 in the mirror and say hello to the beautiful person looking back at you.
Notes

the King Abdulaziz Camel Festival「アブデュルアジズ国王ラクダ・フェスティバル」ラクダの美を競うコンテストで，優勝者には多額の賞金が支払われる。 Sparta「スパルタ」古代ギリシャの都市国家。軍国主義的政治・教育体制で知られる。 familiarity principle「親しみの原理」社会心理学用語の「単純接触効果」と同じ意味で使われる。 photoshop「（画像処理ソフトで）写真を加工する」 body art「ボディアート」入れ墨，ピアス，整形手術などで身体を飾ること。

Questions for Understanding
Part 1

Look at the following statements about the passage. Write T if thestatement is True, and F if it is False. Write the number of the paragraphwhere you find the answer in the parenthesis.

1)      In natural environments, lighter-colored animals have the most offspring.

[  ]



2)      People from different parts of ancient Greece had different ideas aboutbeauty.[  ]3)      According to the passage, only beautiful people can become famous.

[  ]4)      According to the passage, artists have always changed how people look.

[  ]Part 2

Look at the following questions about the passage. Check the bestanswer for each.

1) What was surprising about the King Abdulaziz Camel Festival?
a. □ It included a beauty contest for goats.
b. □ It only featured lighter-colored animals.
c. □ A lot of contestants tried to cheat.
d. □ The most beautiful camels had the most offspring.
10

Chapter 1 Who’s the Fairest of Them All?

2) Which word has the closest meaning to the word “principle” in Paragraph 4?
a. □ dominantb. □ rulec. □ primaryd. □ assumption3) According to the passage, why was Jameela Jamil unhappy?
a. □ Because Leonardo da Vinci’s picture of her was very different from reality.
b. □ Because new people were more famous and popular than her.
c. □ Because TikTok filters did not make her look more beautiful.
d. □ Because a magazine picture of her had been photoshopped.

4) Which of the following statements about beauty are correct? (Choose all that apply)a. □ Different cultures have different ideas of beauty.
b. □ Ideas of beauty can change in a short period of time.
c. □ Posting selfies online can help to improve our mental health.
d. □ Today, there is one idea of beauty that we all agree with.

Summary

1-09

Fill each space with the best word from the list below.
offspring

confidence

modifyadvertisers

exposedIn nature, beauty is a way for animals that are ready to 1)
they are healthy and can produce good quality 2)

mate
to show that. In other words,

beauty is a kind of advertising. Today, we are constantly 3)

to imagesof beautiful people in the media and online. However, the creators of these imagesoften 4)
cause people to lose 5)

them so that what we see is not reality but a fantasy. This canin how they look which can damage theirmental health. But the truth about beauty is not what 6)

want us tobelieve. The truth about beauty is that we are all beautiful to somebody.

11Over to You
Part 1Ask

Ask and answer the following questions.

1. Look at the picture on page 8. Who do you think is the most beautiful? Why?
2. Who is a famous person you think is beautiful?
3. Have you ever entered a beauty contest?
4. Have you ever posted a selfie online? If yes, did you use filters?
5. What part of someone’s face do you think is the most beautiful?

Part 2

Write

Choose ONE of the statements below. Prepare a short response
giving your opinion.

• The most beautiful thing about someone’s face is theirsmile.
• How you look is less important than how you behave.

Part 3

Look at the statement below. Do you agree or disagree? Why?
Discuss Share your opinion with your classmates and find out what theythink.
Advertisers and social media influencers changing images tolook more beautiful is no different from using makeup.

12