-2

The “media exprimo” Project
New Horizons in People Media Expression
and Information Design
March 15, 2007
Aalborg University
DenmarkTakeshi Sunaga: Tama Art Univ."
Takuichi Nishimura: AIST"
Koichi Hori: Univ. of Tokyo"
Shin Mizukoshi: Univ. of Tokyo

発表資料/ Presentation Materials

Achievement and Development of
the MoDe (Mobiling & Designing) Project"

The 'media exprimo' Project:

Shin Mizukoshi ed. Communal Keitai: Reweaving Mobile
Media Society, Iwanami, March 28 2007
2

New Horizons in Citizen Media Expression andInformation Design

Shin Mizukoshi

Perspective of the MoDe Project“media exprimo” Open Seminar, Film & Media Studies,
Department of Media, Cognition and Communication, Universityof Copenhagen, Denmark, March 12, 2007.

designing alternative
mobile media 	

design "research

today’smobile media

socio-historicalresearches	

society	comparative culturalresearches	3

Perspetive of this New Project"designingalternative
people media	

design "research

today’s people"
media expressionsocio-historicalresearches	

society	comparative culturalresearches	

42章報告書0302.indd

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2-2. 発表資料

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2012/03/02

18:44:30

Overview of the presentation¥ Present situation– Japan’s media society¥ Vision– From an information-saturated to an“expression-interweaving” society¥ Project– The launching of media exprimo¥ Methodology and practice– “Critical media practice” on public sphere¥ Results images from media exprimo
5

Present Situation

Japan’s Media Society- wealthy yet impoverished -"¥ A very wealthy “media society”"– Largest public broadcasting system, NHK: annual income
35,000,000,000 DKK– 5 commercial broadcasting networks, with over 100 stations– Daily newspaper circulation, 530 millions– Mobile phone number, 100 millions/128 millions population– Internet penetration: 70%, mainly from mobile phones– No.1 SNS “mixi”: 10 millions"¥ Highly organized and regimented “media system”"––––

Techno-oriented development connects to modernization
Still keeping a domestic and exclusive market to global industries
Polarized to Tokyo, and other megalo-cities
Strong hegemony by mass media conglomerates¥ Tones of awared people started media expressions,information transmissions=generating their own contents

6

Present Situation

Japan’s Media Society

Project- wealthy yet impoverished -"the research and development of digital
information technology systems to support
a new people-generated media expression
environment, and cultural programs that
foster media literacy and expression using
these systems"

after WW II"

Launching of “media exprimo”

since mid 1980s"

Develop technology systems to serve as a platform for an“expression-interweaving” society and supply the necessary
information design.
Develop cultural programs to support and sustain an“expression-interweaving” society and supply the necessary
information design.
Design the forms and modes required for the functioning ofan “expression-interweaving” society.
11

7

Project

Formation of “media exprimo”"¥ Research Director: Takeshi Sunaga, Information Design– Tama Art University (tamabi)¥ Group leaders of Sunaga team
– Takeshi Sunaga : as same as above– Takuichi Nishimura: Real World Oriented Interaction
and Computer Supported Collaborative Work¥ Information Technology Research Institute, National Institute ofAdvanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)– Koichi Hori: Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge
Support System¥ Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The
Univ. of Tokyo– Shin Mizukoshi: Socio-Media Studies and Media
Literacy¥Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies (iii), The Univ. of Tokyo1256

2. 研究成果（英語）2章報告書0302.indd

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2012/03/02

18:44:31

Methodology and practice

Critical media practice

Nishimura Group:
SNS and interface

design, practice and evaluationof communal/public communication
networkvia mobile media

design, practice and evaluationof mobile media literacy

design "research

Critical Media Practicesocio-historicalresearch
image morphologicalanalysis on metaphorscomparative
cultural researchanthropological analysis
on time-space and body
sense

13

17

Hori Group:

Methodology and practice

Critical media practice"

Knowledge Support System

Designin-form:
constructing “form”
for material objects
and social activities

Doing

Verfremdung

critical practical
media workshops

de-form:
deconstructing
cultural “form”
of everyday life

14

Methodology and practiceSunaga Group: Information Design

Critical media practice"interface and SNS"

interface design18

information design"

network platform
activitiy based design
system development

technologies&
information"

workshop as"
critical "media practice"deconstruction engine"knowledge data analysis

media&
society"
media literacysocio-media studies
performing ethnography
19

15

Formation of
the “media exprimo” project

Shin’s Group: Media Studies

Design"Science "& Technology"

Media"& Society"

Nishimura G
Shin G
Hori G

Sunaga G"

Business Academia
Collaboration
16

2章報告書0302.indd

57

NPO, NGO
Collaboration20

2-2. 発表資料

57

2012/03/02

18:44:31

Result images
 Online collaboration system using “thedeconstruction engine”"
 Expressive tools with intuitive interfaces" Cultural programs to foster media
expression and literacy"
 Systematization of trans-disciplinary
knowledge on citizen’s media expression
and information design"
All should be developed in the way of participative
design with people in everyday practice.

22

Results images

Online Collaboration System

2358

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2012/03/02

18:44:32

Designing a web site"mellnomoto.com" toorganically develop media
literacy communities
Masako Miyata
Yuko Tsuchiya
Ubiquitous Media: Asian Transformations, Theory, Culture &Society 25th Anniversary Conference (UMAT), the University ofTokyo, July 2007.

2章報告書0302.indd

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2-2. 発表資料

59

2012/03/02

18:44:32

05	

01	

2. Concept of mellnomoto.com
Backgrounds to design concepts:(1) Achievements of MELL project (http://mell.jp/ )5 years activities from 2001.4 to 2006.3

Designing a web site !
"mellnomoto.com" !
to organically develop !
media literacy communities¥ NAB project

NAB: The National Association ofcommercial Broadcasters in Japan

Promoted Collaborative
Media Literacy Workshops– Broadcasters/ Senders and Viewers/ Receivers– Made programs together– Planed new broadcast systems together

Yuko Tsuchiya

3Produce more hybrid collaboration

Keio University

Masako Miyata
Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music

06	

02	

1. About mellnomoto.com

2. Concept of mellnomoto.com¥ Mellnomoto.com (http://mellnomoto.com/)

Backgrounds to design concepts:(2)Current problems of media literacy practices in Japan“Seeds” for media literacy and people’s expressions¥ digital archive¥ dissemination(a) regional and dispersive activities(b) more events but less continuous and daily activities(c) less opportunities for cross-hauling among communities

 &&()')-))'$,*+). 1#$($2.%),#$)+-)+1$(-# (- +!.&-1($-$-$/ $((!)+'-$)(-.$ ,-# ($/ +,$-1)!)%1) This site was designed by a grant from),) .(%).(-$)($(-# 2006 academic year, and is now managed“Media Exprimo”

3Connect communities“M $0*+$')” $,)(-+-+ , +#)!  )+  , +#!)+/)&.-$)(&$ ( ( #()&)"1*($ ( ( #()&)"1 " (1!)+!$/ (#&!1 +!+)'-) + #$,$,)( )!-# + , +#- ',)!
“F).(-$)()! #()&)"1.**)+-$("-#  + -$)()!$"$-& $ )(- (-,” , -1$( # !)+'&-$-& )!“m $0*+$')” $,“P&-!)+' ,$"(!)+' +"$(" )*& , +-

07	

03	

2. Concept of mellnomoto.com

2. Concept of mellnomoto.com¥ To facilitate the sharing of individual results and experiences

Backgrounds to design concepts:(3)Study of Web communication design¥ To use online and digital features for autonomously andorganically development of activities

Create circulative actual activities by using Web and digitaltechnology

3 Referring to individual Þndings and experiences as ÒseedsÓ
3 Making them available to the public on WWW

3Devise new ways of digital archives

04	

08	

2. Concept of mellnomoto.com

3. Content of mellnomoto.com

Backgrounds to design concepts:(1) 5 year activities of MELL project¥ Three types of seeds– Findings and experiences as “seeds”– Available to the public on WWW¥ TEXT / WS (Work Shop) SUIT / LINKMELL: Media Expression, Learning and Literacy( http://mell.jp/ )(2) Current problems of media literacy practices in Japan(3) Study of Web communication design60

2. 研究成果（英語）2章報告書0302.indd60

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18:44:35

09	

13	

3. Content of mellnomoto.com

4. Further development¥ TEXT for reading and knowing– Activity reports, essays, and research papers– Sharing reference cases and media literacy theories¥ Exploring new ways to share seeds¥ Enriching seeds

10	

14	

3. Content of mellnomoto.com¥ WS SUIT for trying and performing– Downloadable workshop tools made by digital materials– Progress charts and accessory parts that facilitate the reproduction ofworkshop experiences

Thank you!

11	

3. Content of mellnomoto.com¥ LINK for searching and connecting– Information related to people, institutions, books, and documents– Network function by introducing activities

12	

3. Content of mellnomoto.com¥ Network will be autonomously and organically produced.

2章報告書0302.indd

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61

2012/03/02

18:44:37

Achievement and Development of
the MoDe (Mobiling & Designing) Project"

Shin Mizukoshi ed. Communal Keitai: Reweaving Mobile
Media Society, Iwanami, March 28 20072	

現状と特質（１）�
• 日本人の３割がケータイのみでネット接続‒ 情報格差と表裏一体• 日本の高度技術と閉鎖的な技術・市場構造：
キャリア中心主義とSIMロック‒ ケータイ中古市場のない国

Communal Keitai, Reweaving
the Mobile Media Society:• 静かなモバイル：多用されるメール、使われない通話機能‒ 世界一ケータイ使用にうるさい国	

3	

a Trial of the MoDe Project

Shin Mizukoshi
Pocket Film Festival in Japan by Tokyo National University of Fine
Arts and Music and Forum des images of Paris, Yokohama Campusof Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music.
December 7, 2007.

現状と特質（２）�
• 拡大する極私圏と商業圏、縮減するコミュナルでパブリックな可能性‒ iモードと私的なおしゃべりのあいだ• アマチュア、マニア、オタクが育たな
い日本のケータイ文化‒ 無線マニア、パソコンオタク、ケータイは？�

4	

Mr. Mizukoshi,
I can�t understand anymore
what this is.	

Mr. Tachikawa and Mr. Nakamura,
former and present president and CEO
NTT DoCoMo, Japan
May, 2004	

5	

62

2. 研究成果（英語）2章報告書0302.indd

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2012/03/02

18:44:38

¥ wirescovering a
city¥ Broadway,NY¥ 1899	

I can�t follow the rapidtransformation of this, anymore.	

Mr. Alexamder Graham Bell,inventor of telephone
1877	

6	

10	

studio of telephone

phonetic recorder by electricity	

Budapest, 1901

	

¥ Alexander
GrahamBell¥ Boston,USA¥ 1876	

7	

11	

a medium for community news

Ambiguous,
Wavering	¥relationshipbetween people andmedia¥social form of
media	New Ark, 1912

	

fixed relationshipemergence of
mediologicalimagination andnew media literacy	

8	

12	

telecommunication medium ?	

alternative way of telephone		

station	

audiences¥ telephone as a broadcasting medium	¥ without automatic switching system	

13	

9	

2章報告書0302.indd

632-2. 発表資料

63

2012/03/02

18:44:39

institutional/cultural turn of universal
servicecontemporary telephone network

automatic switching systemtechnological development&
deregulation• telephone as a nerve tissue covering society• or the prelude lost of public communication
sphere14

18

corrosion ofuniversal service

centralization of �system��commercial/businessa vast wasteland ?

intimate/private• Newton Minow, chairperson of the FCC in 1961

¥ expansion of the sphere of a nation

19

15	

revitalize new public/communal
communication spheres

nationwide universal service

commercial/business

intimate/private• complete the modernity
16

universal service
beyond national borders

64

Citizen�s Media Expression andMedia Literacy	¥ internationally ordered telecommunication
system / culture	• by the strategyof “Media
Biotope” !
20

21	

17	

2. 研究成果（英語）2章報告書0302.indd

64

2012/03/02

18:44:40

Socialization of Media	

Camera as Media for Citizen�s Media
Expression and Media Literacy

capital power

IT or ICT	state power

citizens media to create
public and communal space	

discourses of media, IT or ICT

private andintimate space

media"

commercial andbusiness spacesociety	22	

26	

Social/Cultural Design ofMobile Media/Media Literacy	

Potentiality of 3G Mobile Media ?

designing alternative
mobile media 	?
present"
mobile media

private andintimate spacesociety	commercial andbusiness spacehistorical contexts	

regional contexts	

23	

27	

Structure of the MoDe Project	Socialization of Media	

capital power

IT or ICT	design, practice and evaluationof communal/public communication
networkvia mobile media

state power

design, practice and evaluationof mobile media literacy	design "researchdiscourses of media, IT or ICT

media"

Critical Media Practice"on Mobile Media
socio-historicalresearchsociety	image morphologicalanalysis on metaphorscomparative
cultural researchanthropological analysis
on time-space and body
sense

24	

28	

Missions of the MoDe Project	¥ media have formed socially.
¥ we, as members of the society, haverights and duties to design media.	



Mobiling - Designing (MoDe) Project	





How ?



Media Studies with Design Mind"= “Critical Media Practice”	

Critical Media Practiceconnect analytical human and social scientific research andpractical designing research

Develop Programs for Mobile Media Literacy	



Key Words	

– Critical Media Practice on Mobile Media =MoDe Project– to make a vast waste land to media
biotopes !

formal title: Socio-Media Studies on Designing of Mobile Media
Culture and Literacy
granted by NTT DoCoMo Mobile Society Research Institute : MobaKen; totally apart from management and business activities

learning materials, workshops, software, etc.

media studies, media literacy, information design, cultural probe,
public sphere, community, critical media practice	

29	

25	

2章報告書0302.indd

652-2. 発表資料

65

2012/03/02

18:44:40

Workshop “Making ʻPicture Booksʼ
Only by Mobile Phones” 2004 Winter

MoDeプロジェクト主要メンバー

水越伸

林田真心子・伊藤昌亮
Kari-Hans
鳥海希世子	
 Kommonen
呉翠珍
Finland台湾

Aske Dam
Norway30	

34	

Formation of the MoDe Project	

Workshop “Making ʻPicture Booksʼ
Only by Mobile Phones” 2004 Winter"	

Design Activities Group

Toshihiro Anzai & Rieko Nakamura : Media Artists

Shin Mizukoshi

Masaaki Ito, Mamiko Hayashida,
Kiyoko Toriumi, Yutaka Iida,

Kari-Hans
Ryuko Furukawa, Yuichi Kogure
Kommonen
Finland

Sophia Wu
TaiwanAske Dam
NorwayJoo-Young Jung
Korea

	

MELL Project"Media Expression, Learning and Literacy Projectiii, the Univ. of Tokyo
31	

Network of MELL Project"
Citizen Directors
Kumamoto

CIVIC MEDIA
Sapporo台湾政治大學媒体素養研究室

Kanda
International
University

Language andMediaEducation
Chiba
KawasakiSanto Thomas
Univ.
Philippine
Class Making

media teacher�svillage


"

	
 	
 

Workshop �Performing Typical Scene of
Mobile Communication in Tokyo��Children Culture
Community
Fukuoka

TaiwanCitizen and Media
AccessAichi

NAB Japan
Media Literacy Project

Network
All Japan 	  	
 
	
 	
  	
   

Forum of
Citizens MediaKyoto

NTT DoCoMo
Moba-ken
Tokyo

35	

dCatchML committee in
Nagano�wonder of local�
project

Tokyo metropolitan
media literacy project

MoDe
toolbox formedia literacy

book making
and media literacy

museum outreachprogramclay animation andmedia play

MELL Project" 32	Workshop “Making a Rare Map in @@”Media Kids Camp 2004 Summer

Workshop �Performing Typical Scene of
Mobile Communication in Helsinki��

33	

66

36	

37	

2. 研究成果（英語）2章報告書0302.indd66

2012/03/02

18:44:42�Keitai Bricolage�

Amulet Project (3)trial to design potential social form of mobile material 	~make public what you mobile~��������
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Keitai Cambriantrial to design potential social form of mobile communication

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42	

� � � � �	design, practice and evaluationof communal/public communication
networkvia mobile media

design, practice and evaluationof mobile media literacy

design "research

Critical Media Practice
Practice"on Mobile Media
socio-historicalresearch
image morphologicalanalysis on metaphorscomparative
cultural researchanthropological analysis
on time-space and body
sense

43	

39	

Reciprocal Relationship ofResearch and Design in the MoDe 	

Amulet Project (1)	~make public what you mobile~  	 Utility	¥ Media Literacy Programs Design– learning and making keitai
�Verfremdung� (Bertolt Brecht)– aware the potential and possible social formof keitai communication

Dependency	

¥ Ethnographic Researches– Performing Ethnography (Victor Turner)¥ Media System (Hard & Soft) Design40	Amulet Project (2)44	

Pocket Film Festival"~make public what you mobile~¥ early chaos and explore a new
visual culture¥ marginal culture vs high culture
and mass culture¥ trial for re-designing of Keitai in
Japan

41	

2章報告書0302.indd

67

45	

2-2. 発表資料

67

2012/03/02

18:44:44

1. Anna Berthold
Project Manager, Public Diplomacy and Virtual
Worlds Project
USC Center on Public Diplomacy (http://
uscpublicdiplomacy.com/index.php/virtualworlds/
about_cpd_vw)
Public Diplomacy and Virtual Worlds (PDVW)
Project concerns cross-cultural interactions in Second
Life (www.secondlife.com), a 3-D virtual reality
program. Early version of Second Life came out in theyear 2003 and continued to grow until 2005. The
year 2006 was when the user population grew the
most. Currently, 9 million users access to Second Life.
98% of contents in Second Life are user-generated.
“In spring of 2006, the Center established apermanent presence in the virtual world when it
purchased its own island in Second Life known as
Annenberg Island. This presence, which has since

An Overseas Field Researchfor Media Exprimo (text)

increased with the purchase of 3 additional islands
in February 2007, provides USC’s Center on Public
Diplomacy multiple opportunities to directly engage,facilitate, and promote the intercultural dialogue and

Joo-Young Jung
Yuko Tsuchiya
Kiyoko Toriumi
Shin Mizukoshi

exchange that exists within Second Life.”

Place: Annenberg School for Communication, University ofSouthern California
November 12-18, 2007.

encouraging participation. To read about the

By engaging in Second Life, Center on Public
Diplomacy tries to practice public diplomacy on
the virtual space by increasing awareness andexplanation of the term “public diplomacy,” please go
to the Annenberg website at http://annenberg.usc.
edu/AcademicPrograms/PubD.aspx .
Age breakdown of Second Life participants are as
follows.
13-17: 0.79%
18-24: 25.13%
25-34: 36.85%
35-44: 22.72%
Several challenges were raised by Anna Berthold.
1. More and more companies are getting interested
in appearing in the Second Life, commercializing thesphere.
2. Language barrier hinders communications between
participants from different cultures. Currently,

68

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2012/03/02

18:44:44

translators exist, both voluntarily and by payment,

company to provide GPS functioned phones to thesebut the use of translators for real-time chats are

day-laborers in cheaper prices (about 20 US dollars).

limited.

The day-laborers, who are often illegal immigrants

3. Technical limitations exist. The program itself

from Mexico and South America, go to a distribution

crashes quite often. Also, more than sixty avatars

sight and wait for employers to come and pick themcannot be in one sim (location).

up. They are brought to a work place that they are
not familiar with, work for the day and then often

To read press coverage about Second Life, please visit

times released at the sight without much guidance

their press website at http://lindenlab.com/news .

on how to get back to their homes. In this kind of
situation, having a GPS functioned phone will help

2. Francois Bar

them figure out where they are and how to get backA s s o c i a t e P r o f e s s o r, A n n e n b e r g S c h o o l f o r

home. Also, when they wait at the distribution sightCommunication, USC

for employers to pick them up, they have time to

Bar has been studying political economy of newwork on digital storytelling with their mobile phone.

communication technologies, particularly focusing on

The use of mobile phones among disadvantaged

developing countries.

social group to take pictures and be able to reporton their everyday lives is one way of mobile phone’s

In our meeting, Bar mostly talked about his projectusage that is less commercialized.

on mobile phone and digital storytelling. He has
been collaborating with people involved in a project

3. Adam Clayton Powell III

called zexe.net that involves mobile storytelling.

Vice Provost for Globalization, University of SouthernGroups of people submit photos or text messages

California (Former General Manager of WHUT-TV,

from their mobile phone. The photos and short texts

the nation's first African American-owned public

are uploaded to a website, and their short blogs are

television station)

updated without having to own a computer.
In Barcelona, 40 people with disabilities use mobile

Powell mentioned several projects/centers duringphones to photograph every obstacle they comeour meeting. Below are the list and short descriptions

across on the city's streets. Their mobile phonesof the projects/centers.

are GPS functioned, so that they are able to send
the location of the obstacles by email. By means

Integrated Media Systems Center (IMSC), USC. Theof multimedia messages, they create a map ofproject is funded by National Science Foundation“inaccessible Barcelona” on the Internet. In addition(NSF), and it is the only NSF center of excellenceto creating the map, these handicapped people werein multimedia and the Internet, which carries out aable to form a network among themselves. Throughcross-disciplinary program of research, education,

this network, they can express their opinions andoutreach, industry collaboration and technology

exchange information which can help them copetransfer. For more information, visit their website atwith their everyday lives. (http://www.zexe.net/

http://imsc.usc.edu .

BARCELONA/barcelona.php?can_actual=74&qt=5)

2章報告書0302.indd

69

Institute for Creative Technologies (ICT), USC

In San Paolo, 12 motorcyclers take pictures of their(http://www.ict.usc.edu/). “The mission of the ICT

everyday life activities, and upload those pictures

is to build a partnership among the entertainment

with short text to the website. These motocyclers areindustry, army, and academia with the goal of

isolated and often being despised by others in thecreating synthetic experiences so compelling thatcity due to their speedy and invasive driving.

participants react as if they are real. The result is

In Los Angeles, Bar and other researchers areengaging, new, immersive technologies for learning,

starting a project about day-laborers’ digitaltraining, and operational environments.” ICT’s basic

storytelling. The researchers teamed with a phoneresearch includes audio immersion, automated2-2. 発表資料

69

2012/03/02

18:44:44

story director, graphics and animation, sensory

contents. (http://www.knightdigitalmediacenter.org/

environments evaluations (SEE), spatial cognition,

seminars/archives/total_community_coverage_in_story representation and management, and virtual

cyberspace/)humans. One project of ICT that Powell mentioned isPorter mentioned several projects/centers for us to“Flatworld Simulation,” which is an immersive virtual

check out:

reality environment in which users can walk and run

J-Lab: The Institute for Interactive Journalism at thefreely among simulated rooms, buildings and streets.

University of Maryland (http://www.j-lab.org/). “J-Lab(http://www.ict.usc.edu/content/view/28/81)

is an incubator for innovative news experiments that

PocketCaster. (http://www.comvu.com/) Interactive

use new technologies to help people actively engage

live video broadcast service for 3G mobile phones

in critical public issues. Its core mission is to improveand other portable platforms. Users can post videos

public life by transforming journalism for today andto their own PocketCaster page, blog, video sharing

re-inventing it for tomorrow.”

or social networking sites. This software helps users
to easily share videos with others.

Media Giraffe Project (MGP) at University of
Massachusetts Amherst (http://www.mediagiraffe.
org/). Project Director: Bill Densmore.

Powell told us an anecdote about a radio news

MGP focuses on exemplary individual "giraffes"

channel. The news channel was first broadcasted in-- rather than institutions or policies -- to tell

AM station, and its listeners were older age-group,compelling stories, avoids jargon and assumes noand the rating was going down. When it changed toprior knowledge of journalism or media topics. The

FM station with the same content, the rating went up

project team believes that focusing on the stories ofand the listeners became younger. Later, the stationindividual people is the best way to inspire additional

started their casting service on the Internet, andleadership and action.

its listeners became even younger. This story tells“The Media Giraffe Project responds to growing

us that not only the content but also types of the

public concern that U.S. media are increasingly lesschannels affect who listen to it and how many people

able to equip citizens with knowledge they need tolisten to it.

demand accountability in government. This threatens
effective democracy and communities.”

4. Vikki Porter

Their beta profiles database is part of the first-phase

Director, Knight Digital Media Center (http://www.

objective to gather research on up to 300 prospective

knightnewmediacenter.org./)"media giraffes." Through a book, documentary film
and a conference, they communicated the stories

The knight Digital Media Center was launched inof 20 most-motivated and most effective "giraffes."

2006 to focus on training journalists to succeed

Finally, with workshops, talks and multimedia

in the rapidly changing media environment of theresources, they disseminate and educate general

21st Century. The Center provides fellowships tocitizens. They work with premier giraffes to show

journalists from traditional print and broadcast media

how citizens can use their ideas to create or consume

who seek multimedia skill training or who want tomedia that advances participatory democracy.

make a transition to new media journalism. The

70

Journalism That Matters (http://www.

goal of the fellowship is to provide foundation forjournalismthatmatters.org/newsecology/)

technical skills and storytelling techniques required

Journalism That Matters revisits the purposeat new media platforms.

and practice of journalism so that the stories told

Porter mentioned a fellowship provided by theirserve citizens well. The project develops under theCenter called, “ Total Community Coverage inpremise that the future of journalism will center

Cyberspace.” The fellowship is available for online

around the “power of storytelling” to create healthy

journalists for their understanding of the impact ofcommunities. “It engages the entire system ofchanging demographics on their audience and theirjournalism – reporters, editors, publishers, camera

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people, photographers, academics and audience,

Meeting 2

from newspapers, radio, television, and online media,

Attendant: Sandra Ball-Rokeach

including both mainstream and alternative sources –Metamorphosis Project: Transforming the Ties thatwith the changing nature and definition of news in a

Bind (www.metamorph.org) project has been a key

changing world. The point is to recommit journalism

project at the Annenberg School, USC for the lastto what is fundamental for connecting news with its

11 years. Directed by Dr. Sandra Ball-Rokeach, theaudience so that it serves and sustains us.”

Project’s mission is to understand the transformation

We Media: how audiences are shaping the futureof urban communities under the forces ofof news and information: This book is written about

globalization, new communication technologies,

details on how to collaborate between audienceand population diversity. Total communicationand traditional media in creating stories. Full text

environments of nine ethnic communities in Los

available at http://www.hypergene.net/wemedia/

Angeles area are examined using multiple methods,

weblog.php

including large-scale survey, focus group, interview,observation, case study, etc.

5. Metamorphosis Project

The Metamorphosis Project first got started as

Meeting 1

a keystone project of the Annenberg School with

Attendants:

the former dean, Geoffrey Cowan in 1996. Initially

Sandra Ball-Rokeach, Professor, Annenberg School$400,000 was granted from Annenberg Center for

for Communication, University of Southern California

Communication, allowing Ball-Rokeach to hire four

& Director of Communication Technology anddoctoral students and conduct a random digit-dialed

Community Program

telephone survey. After the initial funding, Ball-

Inna Arzumanova, doctoral student at the Annenberg

Rokeach has continuously searched for and received

School, USC

outside funding from foundations and organizations,Arzumanova was involved in KQED EdNet’s Digital

including First 5 LA.

Storytelling Initiative, assisting the project supervisor

Currently, the focus of the project is healthwith community outreach workshops. They visit

communications and civic engagement. The projectcommunities and hold 4-day workshop on digitalis based on the premise that residential communities

storytelling. Their workshops are held in classrooms,

still matter yet they are currently in danger. Ball-in after-school programs, among artists, and at

Rokeach stated that with the lack of ties in theeducenters.

residential communities, democracy cannot survive.
Also, media do not play their classical role these days,

Manhattan Neighborhood Network (MNN) was

and therefore theories based on mass media should

mentioned several times during the meeting. MNN

re-organize their framework to include community-

broadcasts their public-oriented program in anlevel media and individual-level communication

existing cable cannel, Time Warner Cable Channel

abilities.

(channel 56), every Sunday from 8-8:30pm. “TheMetamorphosis Project is open to different

mission of [MNN] is to improve the greater New Yorkmethodologies, which allows research assistants

metropolitan community and to enhance international(doctoral students) to find sub-projects that are

mutual understanding by inspiring and mobilizing theof their interests. The projects that are currently

local Japanese population and its extended network.”

ongoing include content analysis of newspapers,(http://www.nydevolunteer.org/index.html)

investigation of mural arts projects, intergrouprelationship project, and organizational-level analysis.

What is “storytelling?”--Walter Fisher’s Narrative Theory

In terms of project maintenance, it has one
postdoctoral student (funded by Annenberg Trust)
who takes the role of representing Dr. Ball-Rokeachand overseeing all the projects that are going on. The

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project also has a project manager who takes careare leaders of the information revolution around theof routine matters involved in the project. There areworld. His current work concentrates on the politics

currently nine research assistants involved in theof global sustainable innovation in high-technology

project. Ball-Rokeach tries to find a project manager

industries; on China-Africa relations; and the role of

who is also interested in the research so that theculture in U.S. national security policy.

person can be involved in some parts of the project
research. Also, Metamorphosis Project benefits by

The Dean talked about connecting citizens and re-having a project office where members can interact

training journalists to recreate mass media forms.

daily as they work on their projects.

In the current society, traditional media, such as
television broadcasting and newspapers, are having

6. Dmitri Williams

difficulty while new media, such as online media or

Assistant Professor, Annenberg School for

virtual reality projects such as Second Life, are faced

Communication, USC

with exciting new possibilities. Balance of social
forces should be re-established.

His research focuses on social capital and online

Dean Wilson is currently planning on creating agames. His theoretical assumption is that in thegame in collaboration with colleagues in China andage of loss of mass media, online community forms

Japan. They envision the game to incorporate theshould function as facilitators of social capital in local

concept of “cooperation” into the game content.

levels. Locally based communication systems should

He emphasized that the game is a very importantbuild social capital by both “bridging” and “bonding.”

medium in the current media environment. In

Bridging means going across differences and bonding

Hollywood, the revenue from games is larger thanmeans practical and emotional networking amongthat from movies.

in-group members. Williams believes that sustainedgroups in online games will be able to bridge by

8. Mizuko (Mimi) Ito

connecting with different groups and bond by

Research Scientist, School of Cinematic Arts, USC

participating in games with their group members.

(http://www.itofisher.com/mito )He recommended checking out Keith Hampton’

She is a co-principal investigator of Kids’ Informals work. Keith Hampton is an assistant professor at

Learning with Digital Media Project funded by

the Annenberg School for Communication at the

McArthur Foundation (http://digitalyouth.ischool.

University of Pennsylvania. Hampton is well known

berkeley.edu/ ).

for his “Netville” Project and his work on social
network and new communication technologies in

She is currently working on an edited book on

a neighborhood setting. To find out more about his

Japanese “Otaku culture (geek culture)” which will beresearch, visit his website at http://mysocialnetwork.

published in English. She is also starting to edit shortnet/ .

book series on ethnography studies of new media.

Williams mentioned alternate reality games, such as“Ilovebee.”

7. Earnest James Wilson III
Dean and Walter Annenberg Chair in Communication
at the Annenberg School for Communication, USC
His Profile: Dr. Wilson’s scholarship focuses on theconvergence of communication and information
technology, public policy and the public interest. He
is also a student of the “information champions,” who72

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An Overseas Field Researchfor Media Exprimo
San Francisco and Los Angeles, U.S.A
November 12-18, 2007by Mizukoshi Group(Shin Mizukoshi, Joo-Young Jung, Kiyoko Toriumi, Yuko Tsuchiya)

Jon Funabiki/ SFSU
• Professor, Departmentof Journalism,
San Francisco State
University• Ethnic Journalism– November 12, 2007
– At Eclipse Café of HyattRegency San Francisco

An Overseas Field Researchfor Media Exprimo (slides)
Joo-Young Jung
Yuko Tsuchiya
Kiyoko Toriumi
Shin Mizukoshi
Place: Annenberg School for Communication, University ofSouthern California
November 12-18, 2007.

Denise Atchley• Wife of Dana Atchley, afounder of the digitalstorytelling
http://www.nextexit.com/• Promoted the DST
festival/ Teach their
method of the DST– November 12, 2007
– At the Dana andDenise’s studio,
San Francisco

Clifford Nass/ Stanford Univ.
• Professor, Departmentof Communication,
Stanford University– Director, Communication
between Humans andInteractive Media(CHIMe)– November 13, 2007
– Stanford University

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Annenberg School for Communication,
University of Southern California (USC),

Vikki Porter/ USC

November 15-16, 2007
• Director, Knight DigitalMedia Center
http://www.knightnewmediacenter.org/• Train Journalists in the
rapidly changing media
environment of the 21
century– November 15, 2007
– Prof. Sandra BallRokeach’s Office

Anna Berthold/ USC• Project Manager, Public
Diplomacy and Virtual
Worlds Project, USC
Center on Public
Diplomacy
http://uscpublicdiplomacy.com/index.p
hp/virtualworlds/about_cpd_vw• Research Second Life

Sandra Ball-Rokeach &Metamorphosis Project/ USC• Professor, Annenberg
School for
Communication/
Director ofCommunication
Technology andCommunity Program• Metamorphosis Project:
Transforming the Ties
that Bind
www.metamorph.org– November 15, 2007
– Prof. Sandra BallRokeach’s OfficeFrancois Bar/ USC• Associate Professor,
Annenberg School for
Communication, USC• Storytelling Projects via
mobile phones forminority people’s
everyday lives– Barcelona, San Paulo, LA
http://www.zexe.net/BARCELONA/barc
elona.php?can_actual=74&qt=5– November 16, 2007
– Prof. Sandra BallRokeach’s OfficeDmitri Williams/ USC• Assistant Professor,
Annenberg School for
Communication, USC• Online games– November 16, 2007
– Prof. Sandra BallRokeach’s Office– November 15, 2007
– University Club

Adam Clayton Powell III/ USC

74

Earnest James Wilson III/ USC• Vice Provost for
Globalization, USC(Former General
Manager of WHUT-TV,
the nation's first
African Americanowned public television
station)• Dean and Walter
Annenberg Chair in
Communication at the
Annenberg School for
Communication, USC• The convergence of ICT,
public policy, andpublic interest– November 15, 2007
– Prof. Sandra BallRokeach’s Office– November 16, 2007
– University Club2. 研究成果（英語）2章報告書0302.indd

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Mizuko (Mimi) Ito/ USC• Research Scientist,
School of CinematicArts, USC
http://www.itofisher.com/mito– November 16, 2007
– Prof. Sandra BallRokeach’s Office

Thank you!!

A cat in the Denise’s Studio

Shin Mizukoshi, Joo-Young Jung, Kiyoko Toriumi, and Yuko Tsuchiya

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Communal Keitai

expressing potential/possible
form of media communication"
Digital Youth in East Asia"
June 21 - 22, 2008"
Temple University Japan Campus

Shin Mizukoshi "+ MoDe Project & Media Exprimo"

Associate Professor of Media Studies"Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies,"
The University of Tokyo "	Part 1

Several News around
Keitai = Mobile Phone in Japan	  Communal Keitai:
expressing potential / possible form of media
communication

Shin Mizukoshi"Digital Youth in East Asia", Academic Conference, Institute ofContemporary Japanese Studies, Temple University.
June 21, 2008.

	News 1: June 8, 2008

Akihabara Murder"

Photos by Kyodo News¥ Seven people died and 10 others were injured after a
man hit pedestrians with a truck and then stabbed
passers by Sunday in broad daylight on a street inTokyo's busy Akihabara district.
¥ The suspect, Tomohiro Kato, 25, a temp staff worker
from Shizuoka Prefecture, born in Aomori Prefecture
has admitted to investigators that he posted themessages on the mobile Web site. About 3,000
messages from several days earlier.
	News 1: June 8, 2008

Akihabara Murder	
¥ everything has been mediated by Keitai…
– Kato’s warning, 119 call, moblogging, video-shoot, news
sources of mass media, people’s rumor, etc.

¥ economic gap, countryman, hopeless…
– 20~30% of Japanese use the internet only via Keitai¥ typical understanding of Keitai communication– overflow of “digital youth stories” easy to understand,easy to diffuse… BE CAREFULLY, THNK CRITICALLY¥ death execution of “M”= symbolic “Otaku” asstrange and dangerous people, June 17¥ tendency for more severe punishments under theJuvenile Act	76

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News 2: March 3, 2008

Mitsubishi Electric Corp
withdrawal from Keitai"¥ Mitsubishi Electric Corp withdrawal from
Keitai business, explosion with anger
against NTT DoCoMo = No. 1 mobile
phone carrierPart 2
perspective of Socio Media
Studies with design mind	
  – big control of hardware tech-specs by carriers– Japanese hardware makers totally have only 8~9 % ofworld market share.
– more than 90 % of domestic hardware market occupied
by Japanese makers.

¥ crisis of the vertical integration of Keitai
industry by mobile phone carrier		News 2: March 3, 2008

Typical Understanding on
Socialization of Media	  Mitsubishi Electric Corp
withdrawal from Keitai	
¥ mobile phone service contracts

capital power– 103 million / total population 125 million– 3G = 95 million (rate = 92.2%)

IT or ICT	  ¥ rich growth of Internet services, visualcommunication

state power

discourses of media and ICT	  – almost 100% are directly connected to theInternet– more than 90 % use e-mail– almost 100% are with built-in camera models

media"
society	  ¥ highly advanced but very domestic…
		

Possible and Potential
Social Form of Telephone in History	  News 3: May 26, 2008

Ban on Keitai under 15	
¥ A government
advisory body on
education proposed
restricting the use ofmobile phones by
elementary and juniorhigh school students
to prevent them fromaccessing what thepanel regards as
harmful information.

High School student

Junior High School

Elementary School student�� ���������������
�Have Want to have Don't want to have		

May 26, 2008

¥ media have formed socially.
¥ we, as members of the society, haverights and duties to design future
media.	
  Ban on Keitai under 15	
¥ ban	  on	
  Keitai	
  =	
  ban	  on	
  portable,	
  mobile,	  ubiquitous	
  mul4media	
  =	
  control	
  of	
  communica4on	
  and	
  suppression	
  of	
  freedom	
  of	
  expression	  ¥ almost	
  no	
  hackers,	
  no	
  Otakus,	
  no	
  manias	
  around	  Keita,	
  although	
  every	
  new	
  media	  has	  historically	
  emerged	
  from	  fringe,	
  marginal	
  
area	
  of	
  society	
  

How ?
Critical Media Practice"circulate analytical human/social scientificresearch and practical design researchcombine academic researches with citizen’s
media expression and literacy


	
	

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18:44:48

Is it possible ?	
  IT or ICT	  capital power

participatory media studies &practice"state powerplanning	
research	
workshoppractice	

discourses of media and ICT	  media"

evaluation
analysis	planning	practice	society	
  expression
creation	reflection	

18

	

“Media Biotope” strategy	Part 4
Reweaving Keitai Communication
workshops of Media Exprimo project	
  Critical Media
Practice	Society	
19	

Reciprocal Relationship ofResearch and Design	
  express public/communal
communication¥ Media System (Hard & Soft) Design¥ Workshop Program Designcommercial/business
communication– learning and making alternative keitai“Verfremdung” (Bertolt Brecht)¥ Media Literacy– aware the potential and possible social form ofkeitai communication¥ Ethnographic Researches

intimate/private
communication– Performing Ethnography (Victor Turner)

public/communal communication20

	

system of critical media practice"peopleparticipant	researcher
facilitator	
evaluation
analysisexpression
creation	reflection	

Media Studies	

Media Expression and Literacy	



17

78

Launching of “media exprimo”

the research and development of digital information
technology systems to support a new people-generated
media expression environment, and cultural programs that
foster media literacy and expression using these systems"

planning	

planning	practiceexperiment	Project

Develop technology systems to serve as a platform for an“expression-interweaving” society and supply the necessary
information design.
Develop cultural programs to support and sustain an“expression-interweaving” society and supply the necessary
information design.
Design the forms and modes required for the functioning ofan “expression-interweaving” society.
21

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18:44:49

Gakkan Engawa Workshop¥ collect“gabun” (Keitai
photo and text set)from people whohave been walking
and stopping at theterrace of newbuilding of
University.
¥ reweave about 400
gabun data on thewebsite in playful
and artistic ways
22

Perspetive of Media Exprimo"
designingalternative
people media	

society	design "research

today’s people"
media expressionsocio-historicalresearches	

comparative culturalresearches	

23

Methodology and practice

Critical media practice"interface designinterface and SNS"information design"

network platform
activitiy based design
system development
workshop as"
critical "media practice"technologies&
information"

media&
society"

media literacy
deconstruction engine"socio-media studies

knowledge data analysis

performing ethnography
24

Methodology and practice

Critical media practicedesign, practice and evaluationof communal/public communication
networkvia mobile media

design, practice and evaluationof mobile media literacy

design "research

Critical Media Practicesocio-historicalresearch
image morphologicalanalysis on metaphorscomparative
cultural researchanthropological analysis
on time-space and body
sense

25	
  

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18:44:49

Jun Abe, Masako Miyata, Kosuke Numa, Tatsuo Sugimoto,
Yuri Tanaka, Kiyoko Toriumi and KDDI R&D Lab

Mizukoshi Lab, “Media Exprimo”, JST, CREST 	

Purpose of “Keitai Trail !”!

Keitai Trail ! :¥To discover possibilities of collaborative media
expressions among general people.

¥

To connect people and media artists not only inside Ars
Electronica but also in the city of Linz and cities in Japan.

¥

To explore a new way of using mobile phones forpeople's media expression.

¥

To investigate and amuse people by a kind of media
association game and by mobile movie shootings.

¥

To create opportunities for people to critically rethink theconcept of "mobile" via the "Online Keitai Trail !”.	
2	  Mobile Video Workshop

Jun AbeMasako Miyata
Kosuke Numa
Tatsuo Sugimoto
Yuri Tanaka
Kiyoko Toriumi

Outline of "Media Exprimo”!
The research and development of digital information
technology systems and cultural programs to support a newpeople-generated media expression environment that fosters
media literacy and expressions.

campus Tokyo Presentation, Ars Electronica 2008, Brucknerhaus,
Linz, Austria.
September 8, 2008.

www.mediaexprimo.jp	

- From an information-saturated toan “expression-interweaving” society 3	  Workshops by “Media Exprimo”
Keitai literacy
Performing
media history

Constellationof photo-mailDiversity of participants

Photo-attached
Acrostic

Media Exprimo
Period of time80

4

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18:44:50

”Keitai Trail!”Workshop Scenes

	

	

	

	

1. My something cute is Teddy
Bear. Do you have something
you always have?

4. My something to check time
is mobile phone. Do you havesomething for communication?

81

	

2. My something I always haveare eyeglasses. Do you havesomething to dress you up?

3. My something to dress me up
is watch. Do you havesomething to check time?
	

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18:44:53

What’s “mobile”?

From comparative cultural perspective	

Fukuno, Toyama	

Hongo, Tokyo	
Um… I see…

Hakone, Kanagawa	Matsuyama, Ehime	

	

	

What’s “mobile”?

Really?

From socio-historical perspective	

Um… I think your cap issomething to be sexy.

"Fugaku 36-kei Tokaido Hodogaya"	
Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Cultural History	

"Tokaido 53rd station Hodogaya"	
Yokohama History Museum	

General people’s long distance travel started in Edo period,
250years ago. Mobile items for travelling also started to develop! 	
 	

	

OK. I can show you mybicycle helmet.

!?
!?

My something unique is…
	

 	

(???)

..Tatoo on my leg.
Oh, wait…

	

82

	

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Very nice!!

	

15 seconds…

	

How is “trail” happening
Trail as networking people

About 150 mobile movie messages have beencollected during 04.09 – 08.09 in and around Ars Erectlonica.

¥ Imagine next person: check “timeline Keitai
Trail !”, rethink better questions.
¥ Meeting next person: look for,talk with, advice to the next
person.
Rule of chaining messages withquestions have been effective
more than we thought.
	

	

	

	

What’s “mobile”? From designing perspective		

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18:45:04

Framework of Media Exprimo

Collaborative Media Expressions
as Communication

designingalternative
people media	

design !
research¥Media Expressions in everyday life
¥Not only products or contents but also wholeprocess of activity in workshop

society	today’s people!
media expression¥“Product of art” and “Work of art (process ofcreation)” John Dewey (Art as Experience, 1934)
socio-historicalresearches	

comparative culturalresearches	 	Formation of "Media Exprimo”!

Schools

Interface and SNS
technologies&
information!

¥Historical art movement“Mingei(Japanese folk art) movement”
established in 1926 by Soetsu Yanagi andother artists

Artists

Information design

WorkshopDeconstruction engine	Collaborative Media Expressions
as Communication

Media
IndustriesKDDI	
  R&D	  Lab	

Designing Workshop>>> Designing Communication

Daily items created byartists, craftsmen andgeneral people

media&
society!

“Keitai” as “mingei” indigital age

Socio-media studies

	

30	
  

From personal media to
Public/Communal media

Critical Media Practicefor sustainable media expressions
planning	

planning	

“keitai”
Now:
Personal,
multifunctional,
ambiguous, andlimitedpeopleparticipant	researcher
facilitator	
practiceexperiment	Keitai?!

evaluation
analysis

Media Studies	

expression
creation	reflection	

Media Expression and Literacy	

31

	

Perspective
Art as Collaborative Media
Expressions among People
keitaitrail@exprimo.jp

	

84

	

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18:45:06

Media ContéFor Inter-subjective Story Weaving
A.Ogawa, M.Ito & R.Inaba
Media Exprimo Mizukoshi Group,Japan

MissionBreaking Barriers in the local community-especially for the socially excluded
Community Service Learning
Participatory Research and practiceMedia Conté:
for intersubjective storyweaving

Akiko Ogawa
Masaaki Ito
Rina Inaba

Association of
Foreign residents

CATV Station

International Digital Storytelling Conference, Obidos Portugal.
June 27, 2009.

Univ. CCCMedia Exprimo

Problems of civic media in Japan“ Civic Media” for Elite CITIZENSDoes everyone really has a STORY
to tell?
-Silence is still Gold!
-Need to foster pre-narratives

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18:45:07

Before telling stories...
We need exercises!
To make pre-narratives to a story,
we must have conversation withthe others. -Collaborative story

1.Best shotTake the best
photo for one’s
name tag

2. Photo Combination story

Imagine freely fromthe photos
Make a story!!!
Don’t be shy, clever,right ...

3. Peta peta Quest

4. Story by ５scenes
Storyboard of 5 scenes
Discuss about missing
needed scenes & photos

5.Editing

15 photos
Narration Recording
Edit by Windows
Movie Maker

6.Preview & Cablecast

Ask questions!
Listen to theothersMining the story
seeds from prenarratives

86

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A brief conclusion...
Possibilities of Inter-subjective story- the collaborative stories not told byindividuals
Effects of dominant stories

Media Conté Blog （Japanese)
http://www.mediabiotope.com/projects/mediaexprimo/topics/media-conte/

Media Exprimo Project （English)
http://www.mediaexprimo.jp/english/

Aichi Shukutoku Univ. （English)
Community Collaboration Center
http://www.aasa.ac.jp/institution/ccc/index.html

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&RPPXQLFDWLRQLQIUDVWUXFWXUHWKHRU\DQGFLYLFPHGLDJDPHDSSURDFK/Lnking theory and practicein the panel of
Building Civic Participation through “Communal Gaming”
ICA 2010 Singapore
June 25, 2010

Joo-Young JUNG: International Christian University
Shin MIZUKOSHI: the University of Tokyo,QWURGXFWLRQ
• 'HFUHDVHGOHYHORIFRPPXQLW\HQJDJHPHQWLQXUEDQUHVLGHQWLDOQHLJKERUKRRGVCommunication infrastructure
theory and civic media gameapproach:– New communication technologies,
globalization, & population mobility– 'HFUHDVHGRUJDQL]DWLRQDOSDUWLFLSDWLRQ
(Putnam, 2000)– “Networked individualism” (Wellman et al., 2003)

Linking theory and practiceShin Mizukoshi
Joo-Young Jung
ICA 2010, Singapore, June 25, 2010.

*DSEHWZHHQWKHRU\DQGSUDFWLFH
TheoryPractice• Civic engagement
literature• Communication andintegrated
communities• Social network• Community events• Media events• Volunteer activities“Community Connectedness”
Communication
Infrastructure Theory• Theoretical/analytic
framework• Origins: Sociologicaland communication
theories• Developed in multiethnic city of Los
Angeles88

Critical Media Practice• Experimental/practic
al approach• Origins: Media
literacy, social
history of media,
interactive design• Developed in Japan:
relatively
homogenous society

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&RPPXQLFDWLRQ,QIUDVWUXFWXUH7KHRU\ • Multi-level and ecological framework that
uncovers often ignored but very important
communication network in a specificneighborhood or area

&RPPXQLFDWLRQ,QIUDVWUXFWXUH0RGHO
RI&LYLF(QJDJHPHQWStructural Factors

Integrated Storytelling Network

Residential Tenure
Home ownership
Socio-economic status
Gender
Occupation
Ethnicity

Communityorganizations

Civic Engagement

Neighborhood
Belonging
Civic
Participation• Communication infrastructure is defined as astorytelling network set in its communication
environment (communication action context).

Local/ethnic
media

Residents

Collective
efficacy

Communication Action Context* Ball-Rokeach, Kim & Matei, 2001

Adopted from Kim & Ball-Rokeach, 2006, p.187

7KH&RPPXQLFDWLRQ,QIUDVWUXFWXUHWork
Demands
Poor
Goods &
Services

Inadequate
Child &
FamilyServices

Schools

Residents

Local
Media
Area
Appearance

Cultural/Class Cohesion
Communityorgs.

Storytelling
Network

Bad/Good
Area Labels

Public Spaces“How” do we strengthen the
VWRU\WHOOLQJQHWZRUN"
• Strong storytelling networks are notcommonly found.
• In reality, “how” do we engage residents
and strengthen the storytelling network?

Street
MaintenanceStreetSafety/Fear(Libraries, parks, etc.)

Communication Action Context/LPLWDWLRQVRISUHYLRXVVWXGLHVRQPHGLDDQGFLYLFHQJDJHPHQW• Isolate each medium from other media
and from interpersonal communication– Online vs. offline civic engagement• Lack of attention to local and ethnic media

6LJQLILFDQFHRI
WKH&RPPXQLFDWLRQ,QIUDVWUXFWXUH
• Viability and integrity of the storytelling
network influences:• Neighborhood belonging– (Ball-Rokeach, Kim & Matei, 2001)• Civic engagement– (Kim & Ball-Rokeach, 2006)• Crisis communication– (Kim et al., 2002)

2章報告書0302.indd

89+RZWRGRLW"• Designing civic media game as a “critical
media practice (one kind of workshops)”.
• 7KURZWKHPLQWRWKHFRPPXQLW\DQGSUDFWLFH
• $FWLYDWHWKHVWRU\WHOOLQJQHWZRUNRIWKH
FRPPXQLW\• )RUPDWLYHHYDOXDWLRQDQGGHYHORSWKHPHGLDJDPHVFRQWLQXRXVO\:RUNVKRS
micro level constructional media practice• Designed constructional activities to make“verfremdung (defamiliarization)”(Brecht) of
everyday life, to learn something deeply bycreating, gaming, performing by small group– (Mizukoshi, 2007)• Complex of cultural program (format of play,formation of small group, way of embedding insocial situation, etc.) and technological system(design of artificial object, building activity
support media system, etc.)– (Sunaga, etc. 2006)

2-2. 発表資料

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Ex) Collaborative Media Literacy Workshop&ULWLFDOPHGLDSUDFWLFH  UH ZHDYLQJORFDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQVSKHUH

• &RQVWUXFWLRQDOPHGLDSUDFWLFH

workshop group withlocal station professional and youngsters– not a “natural” one in everyday life
• (de Certeau,1984)

school– embody criticism and analysis as much as they
do practice or learning• (Clifford and Marcus, 1986)

workshopparticipants

professional
broadcasters• ,GHDOUHIOHFWLYHPHWKRGRORJ\– not a mere practice or tool
– citizens’ media expression, media literacy andmedia literacy• (Gaver, etc. 1999)

familycommunity residents
II

local community

local audience

Media literacy project by Mizukoshi lab and NAB Japan since 2001

*Mizukoshi & Yoshimi, 2003

6SHFWUXPRIFULWLFDOPHGLDSUDFWLFH
• PLFUROHYHO,QWHJUDWHGVWRU\WHOOLQJQHWZRUN
weaving by critical media practices
Integrated storytelling
network– workshop• everyday practice ex.: happy hour, bazaar, sport game• PH]]ROHYHO– showing and presentation, public seminar• everyday practice ex.: exhibition, concert, festival ofcommunity
Local Media• PDFUROHYHO

Community
Organization– prefecture level media event• everyday practice ex.:huge festival, election,
demonstration, disaster…

Critical Media
Practice

Communication action context

6\VWHPRIFULWLFDOPHGLDSUDFWLFH(PSRZHUFRPPXQDOSXEOLFFRPPXQLFDWLRQVSKHUH

application

planning

commercial/business
communication
community
peopleresearcher
facilitator
practiceexperimentevaluation
analysisproducer & researcher side

expression
creationshowingreflection

community participant sidepublic/communal
communication

intimate/private
communication

local community

6\VWHPRI&ULWLFDOPHGLDSUDFWLFH
civic participation & researchers’ reflection

planning
Research

practiceexperimentworkshop design
media literacy
performance ethnography
software & hardware design

public/communal
communication

Commercial/business
communication

evaluation
analysisapplication

Intimate/private
communication

Community
expression
creation(PSRZHUFRPPXQDOSXEOLFFRPPXQLFDWLRQVSKHUH

showingreflection

local community

90

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&KDOOHQJHVRIFULWLFDOPHGLDSUDFWLFH
• How to develop sustainably ?
– hard to introduce new comers– stiffening of citizen media groups– sometimes too serious, not playful…

• Civic game as media play
– easy to continue by general people– cultivate potential intention for expression– essential guideline for developing quality of art&LYLFPHGLDJDPH
Definition• Game = form of play, way of communication– (Huizinga, 1938)• “Play” vs. “Entertainment”– “Play” = “verfremdungs-effekt (defamiliarization
effect)” of everyday life (Brecht)– “Entertainment” = systematized way of amusing
oneself, consuming cultural value and leisure time

&LYLFPHGLDJDPH
Refer to traditional popular game in Japan• $,8(2*DEXQ
– word game with modern Japanese syllabarytable (cf. Toriumi)• Media Conté
– card game (cf. Ogawa & Ito)

• .HLWDL7UDLO
– traditional collaborative poetry since 12th
century (cf. Toriumi)• 3KRWR6HQU\X– humorous 17-syllable poetry since 18th century

Experiences in Media Play: A Critical Media Practiceon Mobile and Mobility Tusey-jen by Sophia Wu
 How mobile (life essential for
digital native) is embodied ineveryday structured context
for the youth?

Developing and evaluating amobile media workshop as a
critical media practice for
Taiwanese teenagers
Critical performanceethnography for researchers

Playful media literacy for
teenagers

2章報告書0302.indd

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The A-I-U-E-O Gabun
photo-and-wordplay workshop:
A participatory study of collaborative
storytelling in local communities
Kiyoko Toriumi
Interdisciplinary information studies, The University of Tokyo

Background and goals

What is A-I-U-E-O Gabun?

The A-I-U-E-O Gabun photoand-wordplay workshop:• Community-linked participatory media project
centering on workshop designed to foster exchange
among local citizens.
• Focuses on collaborative process by which personal
histories are shared with others.
• Looks personal memories and experiences as
valuable historical resources for storytelling.

A participatory study of collaborative storytelling in
local communities

Kiyoko Toriumi
ICA 2010, Singapore, June 25, 2010.

Background and goals

What is A-I-U-E-O Gabun?
• Form of expression simple yet enabled sustained
collaboration by diverse group.
• Hints from traditional wordplay forms: oriku (acrosticpoem), renga, haiga etc.
• A-I-U-E-O = 1 syllabary group of the modern Japanese• ga = picture, bun = text
A-I-U-E-O gabun as a new form of folk literary andartistic expression for the digital age

A baseball stadium (Tokyodoom) I went with him

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Workshop

I prayed for our eternal loveat the Yushima tenjin shrine

Venue and participants (Table 1)• Fujisawa city, Kanagawa (Dec. 2007)– 9 residents from 20s to 70s– 2 days, used online system• Toyohashi city, Aichi (Jan. 2009)– 8 residents from 40s to 80s– 1 day, publicly exhibited after the workshop• Bunkyo ward, Tokyo (Mar. 2009)– 16 residents and commuters from 20s to 60s– 1 day, publicly exhibited after the workshop

Unforgettable first date in
the Koraku-en garden

Every time I remember him,
when I pass through…

Workshop

Program outline (Table 2)

Workshop

Program outline (Table 2)

WorkshopOtuska station where I met
him

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Program outline (Table 2)2-2. 発表資料

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Workshop

Program outline (Table 1, 2)

Results and analysis

Showing and comments
1. Learning through reflection and selfaffirmation––

Glancing every works afforded participants think backtheir creation
Approximately 30% of Bunkyo and 45% of Shonancomments praised their own works made by group.

2. Extended communication through publiccommentary

Workshop

Program structure: the collaborative
storytelling process (Diagram 1)
Sharing personal
histories
Exchange withothers

Story game(along gabun
format)Showing andcomments
Local community

Development Center for Children’s Futures in Toyohashi

Results and analysis

Sharing personal histories
1. Importance of initial storytelling–

Talking the memories directory in the actual space of theworkshop withdrew gabun stories associated with theoriginal meaning of the photo.

2. Historical photographs as stimulus forreminiscences and dialogue–“You’re younger than I am, but I bet you still know what
the bridge used to look like.” (FK) “Yes, you couldn’t go
anywhere unless you crossed that bridge.” (MN) [Figure3]

Results and analysis

Story game1. Learning the way of storytelling–

Many comments and feedbacks on how to make gabun

2. Acknowledging the audience–

Importance of having the audience was reconfirmed:
Groups as rivals, facilitators as outsiders.

3. Informal discussion as an editorial process–

94

Conversations including casual remarks, indications ofapproval functioned as the editorial process [Table3]

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Where are you?

Hey, that’s me!

I remembered myyoung days.

Conclusion and future research

Conclusion
1. Potential usage of gabun format in different
situation and themes.
•

local archives with workshop activities

2. The analytical framework for collaborative
storytelling process needed to be refined.
3. Future-oriented outlook needed to be transmitted
to participants and cooperating organizations.
4. Future plan collaborating with multiple local
institutions to go beyond a single workshop.

Conclusion and future research

Recent project after gabun workshop
Toyama photo-senryu (satirical 17 syllable poem)
Nov. 2009 ～ Mar. 2010

Area: 4,247.55km2
Population: 1,091,955

Local broadcastingstationPC

TV

workshop

University

mobileCitizen organization

2章報告書0302.indd

952-2. 発表資料

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18:45:21

Media Conté
Rebuilding community
through digital story-telling
ICA 2010 Singapore
June 25, 2010

Akiko OGAWA: Aichi Shukutoku University
Masaaki ITO: Aichi Shukutoku University

What is “Media Conté”?
• A digital story-telling project– Making short stories with photos and narrations– 1 day or 2 days workshop• Participated by community residents– From children to elderly• Planned and conducted by university– Researchers and students• Collaborated with local media and community
organizations– CATV, local newspapers, city office, etc.

Media Conté:
Rebuilding community through digital storytelling

Akiko Ogawa
Masaaki Ito

Outline of project

ICA 2010, Singapore, June 25, 2010.

participants
experiences
channels

local media
contents

perspectives

Media Contéworkshopfacilities

communityorganizations

engagements
theories

findings

local actors

university

audiencesresidents

History of project• Kani (August, 2008)– 9 teenagers, children of foreign workers of Japanese
decent• Nagoya (December, 2008)– 6 international students of Aichi Shukutoku Univ.

• Matsusaka (August, 2009)– 11 teenagers, children of foreign workers of Japanese
decent• Toyohashi (June, 2010)– 7 elderly

96

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Objectives of project

Considerations• Technology

participants– Video editing software

making stories:
redefining community• Evaluation
communityorganizations

Media Contéworkshop

local media
networking stories:
reconstructing community– Distribution channels of works

local actors
university– Evaluation criteria of creation• Distribution• Sustainability
audiencesresidents– Recruiting and training of facilitators

Intentions of workshop
Redefining community- reviewing everyday life
- reconsidering personal history

Making stories- unique perspective on the world- interpretation framework of the world

Exploring pre-stories- fragments of memories and emotions- unframed and unorganized experiences

Dialogic story making
photos andnarrations

making stories
participants
community residents

dialoguefacilitators
university students

exploring prepre-stories
memoriesand emotions

Story making games• Word association– Writing words associated with a given subject– Connecting some of them into a story– Separation and integration of experience• Memory quest– Revisiting a place in memory and taking photos– Connecting some of them into a story– Rediscovery and reinterpretation of the world• Designed as card games– Many kind of cards and sheets

2章報告書0302.indd

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It has long been lamented that people's
part icipat ion in civic act ivit ies and building
community networks has been declining in Japan.
With the advent of new information technologies

Communal Storytellings in A
Regimented Society:
Critical Media Practice on People’s Media Literacy
and Expression

such as social media and mobile phones, it is naturalfor many researchers and practitioners to expect
these technologies make change this regimentedsocial situation. However, emphasizing technooriented perspective too much may be dangerous. We
should critically examine the whole media ecosystem

Shin Mizukoshi
Academic Conference “Emergent Forms of Engagement andActivism in Japan: Politics, Cultures and Technologies”, Temple
University Japan, Azabu hall.
June 12, 2011.

in Japan and practically try to design cultural
programs and technological systems to cultivate local
communities and revitalize ordinary people's network
at both theoretical and action-oriented levels.
In this presentation, Mizukoshi will present
the possibilities and challenges of some interactive
digital storytelling activities and media plays for
local communities, developed by his transdicsiplinary
research project, "media exprimo"<http://www.
mediabiotope.com/projects/mediaexprimo/>.

98

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communication spherein a regimented society (4)Communal Storytellings
in A Regimented Society

Critical Media Practiceon People's Media Literacy and Expression
June 12, 2011
Temple University Japan

Shin Mizukoshiiii, The University of Tokyo
shinkeguri@twitter
http://www.mediabiotope.com

communication spherein a regimented society (5)communication spherein a regimented society (1)globalization&
digitalization

communication spherein a regimented society (2)communication spherein a regimented society (3)For sustainable media expressions…

Project••

Formation of “media exprimo”

JST(Japan Science & Technology Foundation), CREST
Group leaders– Takeshi Sunaga: Information Design– Takuichi Nishimura: Real World Oriented Interaction
and Computer Supported Collaborative Work– Koichi Hori: Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge
Support System– Shin Mizukoshi: Socio-Media Studies and Media
Literacy92章報告書0302.indd

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media play/media literacy/media practicethe collaborative storytelling program

100 2. 研究成果（英語）2章報告書0302.indd

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