THE
JAPANESE ANNUALOF

INTERNATIONAL lAW

No. 502007

THE INTERNATIONAL LAW ASSOCIATION OF JAPANCopyright © March 2008
ByThe International Law Association of Japan(The Japan Branch of the International Law Association)
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THE JAPANESE ANNUAL OF INTERNATIONAL LA\'V
No.50 (2007)
CONTENTSIn Memoriam
Mr. Masahiko Takeda 0929-2007) ............................................ .. Shi[!,em Odct

ArticlesNew Private International Law of JapanAn Overview ................................................................ Masato Dogauchi
Persons .......................................................................... Tadashi KanzC! kiGeneral Rules on Contracts ...................................... Yoshihisa HayakatuC!
Protection of Weaker Parties and Mandatory Rules .......... Yuko Nishitani
Torts ........................................................................... YasltJhi Nctkanishi
Assignment of Receivables and Set-Off. ............................. Aki Kitazawa

31525
4060
77

Appendix: Act on General Rules for Application of Laws
(The New Japanese Code of Private International Law) .................

87

Foreign State Immunity in Japanese Courts at the Beginning of the TwentyFirst Century ................................................................... Tomonori IvliutJhi7?za

99

Cross-Border M&A's -124

Japanese Companies and Foreign Investors -............................................................................................. Hiroshi IvIitorna
The Japanese Digest of International Law
Japan's Responses to the Missile Launches and the Nuclear Test by theDemocratic People's Republic of Korea (2006)
14l.................................................................. Koichi MorikaulC! & Ryo Yamamoto
Disarmament and Arms Control - MiHile Launches to High Sea without Prior
Noti/ication - Safe Operation of Ships and Aircraft -- Underground Nuclear Test- Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear We~1pons - Japan-DPRK PyongyangDeclaration - Joint Statement of the Six-Party Talks - Protests - UnilateralCountermeaSZtres - Collective Measures of the United Nations - Binding Force ofUnited Nations Sewrity Council ResolutiorIs -National Implementation of United
Nations Sewrity Council ResollltioJZ-I -- Legal Characteristic of "I nspection ofCargo"

CONTENTS

VI[No. 50,2007]

Book Reviews
Gurobaruka SZlru Sekai to Ho no Kadai - Heiwa, jinkeJl, Keizai wo Tegakari17i-- (Challenges of Law in the World of Globalization - With Clues ofPeace, Human Rights and Economy -), Edited by Yoshiro Matsui, ShoichiKidana, Kimio Yakushiji and Hideo Yamagata .......................... S?1tom Taira 179
judge Sbigeru Oda and tbe Patb to judicial \f/zJeiom, Edited by Edward
McWhinney and Mariko Kawano ...................................... .Sbotaro Hamamoto 184
KokuJaifunJo 770 Tayoka to HotekiJb01'i (Diversification of International Disputesand Their Legal Settlement: A Festschrift in Honor of Professors Takakazu
Kuriyama and Chusei Yamada), Edited by Yukio Shimada, Shinsuke
Sugiyama and Moritaka Hayashi ............................................ Naoki Jwatmki 186
Zainicbi Kankoku CbOJenli71 110 KokllJeki to Ji17kell (Nationality and Human
Rights of Korean Residents in Japan), by Yasuaki Onuma ...... raJubiro Okllda 189

Judicial Decisions in JapanI.

Public International Law

Tokyo High Court, Judgment, June 23, 2005 .................................................. 194
Forced Llbor dllri71f!, World War 11 - Jndividued'J Rigbt to Bring Claims agaimt
tbe Offending State - A rtide 3 of the Convention reJpectinf!, tbe Lau)s and CmtOlJlSof War on La77{;/ - tbe Convention cOlZcerning Forced or Compllhory Labour - tbe
Slavery C01l'l/ention and Customary J11ternational La'll! RuleJ on tbe Probibition ofSlavery - CrimeJ af!,aimt Humanity
Tokyo High Court, Judgment, September 29, 2005 ................................ ......... 209
Remuneratio7l Recommendation by tbe National Penonnel Autbority -- Act
for the Partial A 7l2endment of tbe Lau/ concerning tbe Remuneration ofRegular Service EmployeeJ- Principle af!,aimt RetroJpectil/e Law - Rigbtof Collective Barf!,aining Guaranteed by Article 28 of tbe CorntitutiO(l C oJwentio71 cOlZcerning Freedom of AJJociati0il and Protection of tbe R if!,bt toOrganise - C o77ventirJl7 (oncerninf!, tbe Applzcedion of tbe Principles of tbe
Rigbt to OrganiJe and to Barf!,elin Collectively

CONTENTS

Tokyo High Court, Judgment, December 14,2005..........................................

VII

213

Extinction of Indiz1idual Clailm for DamaxeJ Inflicted durin£!, World War II Article 2( 1) and 2(3) of the Agreement between japan and the Republic 0/ Korecl
concerning the Settlement of Prob/ems in regard to Property and ClaimJ and Economic
Cooperation - Article 1 of the Law cr)J1cerning the MeaJures for the Property ofthe Republic of Korea and Its Nationalr - Articles 48 and 49 of the Viel2J2c!
Convention on the Law o/TreatieJ
Tokyo District Court,Judgment, March 29, 2006 ............................ , .. , .... , ....... 219
Treatment of Illegitimate Child lInder Article 3( 1) ~f the Nationality Act Equality under Law - ReaJonab/eness of Legitimation Requirement - Article 9of the Convention on the Elimination of All FormJ of Discrimination axaimt Women- Article 24 of the lCCPR - Articles 2 and 7 of the Convention on the RixhtJof the Child - Sign~ficance of Concerns Expressed by the Treaty Bodies in Treaty
Interpretation
II, Private International Law

Tokyo High Court, Judgement, November 24, 2005........................................
International jurisdiction - Applicable Law - Parental Authority

230

Tokyo High Court, Judgment, April 13, 2006 ................................................. 233
International jurisdiction in Personal Affairs - Domicile ~f the Defendant Relation between the Principal Suit and Countersuit - Recognition 0/ Nullity ~f aMarriage - Recognition of Nonexistence of a Parent-Child Relatiomhip - Bigamy
Tokyo High Court, Judgment, September 29, 2006......................................... 236
Surrogate Pregnancy - Surrogate Mother - Effect of a judgment of a Foreign
Court - Recognition of a Foreign Court judgment - Final judgment of a Foreign
Court - Child's Welfare - Violate Domestic Public Policy
Tokyo District Court, Judgment, September 19, 2006 ..................................... 240
Enforcement of Foreign judgmentJ - Definition of a "Final and Conclmivejudgment"
under Article 118 of the Code ~f Civil Procedure - D~fendantJJ Intention to Commence
Appeal Procedures - Determining the General jurisdiction of Foreign Courts Declaration of Provisional ExeCZltion Accompanyingjudgment of Enforcement
Yokohama District Court, Judgment, June 16,2007........................................
jurisdiction - Non-Performance of a Contract - Presence of a Foreign Company

244

CONTENTS

YIll[No. 50, 2007J

Chronological List of Treaties and Other International Agreements
Concluded by Japan in 2006 ... '" ...................................................... ,......... 247
Documents
I.

Treaties

USA
1. Agreement between Japan and the United States of America concerning

New Special Measures relating to Article XXIV of the Agreement underArticle VI of the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between Japanand the United States of America, regarding Facilities and Areas and theStatus of United States Armed Forces in Japan .............................................

249

INDIA
2. Protocol Amending the Convention between the Government of Japanand the Government of the Republic of India for the Avoidance of Double
Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on
Incol11e ........................................ ...................... ................................. ..........

252

MALAYSIA). Agreement between the Government of Japan and the Government ofMalaysia for an Economic Partnership ..........................................................

254

USA
4. Treaty between Japan and the United States of America on Mutual Legal
Assistance in Criminal Matters.... ...... ........ .......... ...... ........ .................. .........

305

UK
5. Convention between Japan and the United Kingdom of Great Britain andNorthern Ireland for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Preventionof Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income and on Capital Gains .......

314

EAEC
6. Agreement between the Government of Japan and the European Atomic
Energy Community for Co-operation in the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear
Energy................ ............................. ....................................................

341

CONTENTS

IX

II. National Legislation
Act on General Rules for Application of Laws ..............................................

350

III. Contemporary Practices and Opinions

1. The New Declaration of Japan Recognizing the Compulsory Jurisdiction ofthe International Court of Justice in Conformity with Article 36, Paragraph
2 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice..................................... 351
2. The Views of the Government of Japan on the Lawsuit by JapaneseCompanies, Regarding the Practice of Zeroing by the U nj ted States
Department of Commerce (fTEKT Co. et al. v. USA) ................................... 352
3. The Views of the Government of Japan on the Lawsuit by JapaneseCompanies, Regarding the Practice of Zeroi ng by the United States
Department of Commerce (NSK Ltd. et al. v. USA et. al) ..............................

362

Chronology of Japanese Foreign Affairs .............. ............. '" ... ...... ..... ......... ..... 368
Activities
I. Activities of the International Law Association of Japan......... ........ .......... ....

383

II. Activities Related Academic Association in Japan ........................................

390

Supporting Members ....... '" ... ........................... .............................. .................. 395