INDIGENOUS TREE
in Cambodia- For Community Greening -Institute of Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation

INDIGENOUS TREE in Cambodia- For Community Greening –Edited by Extension Center of Institute of Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation (ERECON)
Written by Shizuka SUTO (Cambodia Branch Officer, ERECON Institute)
August 1, 2022

Contents
1.

Afzelia xylocarpa

2

2.

Azadirachta indica

4

3.

Dalbergia cochinchinensis

64.

Delonix regia

85.

Dipterocarpus alatus

10

6.

Hopea odorata

12

7.

Pterocarpus macrocarpus

148.

Sindora cochinchinensis

16

References

18

Introduction of ERECON institute2011. Afzelia xylocarpa
Afzelia xylocarpa (Kurz) Craib. Fabaceae
បេង/ มะค่าโมง/Gõ đỏ/缅茄/ MakhaTree/CambodiaBeng Tree/メンガ/ベンBotanical Description
Afzelia xylocarpa is a deciduous tree, usually 15-25 m tall, The crown is broad and rounded.The trunk is sturdy and90-150 cm in diameter, and breaks up into large, spreading branches near the base.The trunk is sturdy and 90-150
cm in diameter, and breaks up into large, spreading branches near the base.The bark is smooth but slightly rough,grayish or yellowish. The endocarp is slightly red. Leaves are elliptic, 18-25 cm long, with 3-5 pairs of opposite
lobes. The leaf base is rounded or lobed, and the leaf tips are obtuse or pointed. Flowering is in March-April.
Inflorescence is grayish gloss is seen. Petals are single broadly oval, 7-9 mm long, pinkish or reddish. The seeds
are brown, woody, 15-20 x 7-9 cm, fruiting in October-December. The fruit contains a few black seeds covered withan orange or red pseudo-seed coat. It is classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red Listof Threatened Species.
Distribution
Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and other parts of Indochina.
It was imported to South-central and Southeastern China and Hainan Island.

2

Plantation Management
Afzelia xylocarpa is found in lowland mixed deciduous and dry evergreen forests. It grows best in annual daytime
temperatures ranging from 20-32°C, but it can tolerate temperatures of 12-39°C. Temperatures below 10°C willcause poor growth. Average annual rainfall is 1,000-1,500 mm, with a dry season of 5-6 months.The young trees
like a bit of shade, but as they grow up they will not need it. It has a symbiotic relationship with rhizobium, forming
root nodules and doing nitrogen fixation, which changes for nitrogen in the air into ammonia. Therefore, its effectof improving soil conditions is expected. The seed coat is very hard and preprocessing with boiling water can beinsufficient to break dormancy. Therefore, it is necessary to resection the thick aril and the edge of the seed coatusing a knife or something tools. When seeds are stored at low temperatures, germination ability can persist for one
to two years. Before seeding, the seeds should be soaked in water for 12 hours before sowing.
Use
Afzelia xylocarpa is rare and difficult to find large trees due to excessive logging and habitat loss. The wood is vivid
brown with beautiful deep stripes. The heartwood is reddish yellow, red to dirty reddish brown, and often has somestriations that clearly distinguish it from the grayish-white sapwood. It has low shrinkage and excellent durability.
For example, in architecture, furniture, woodcarving, etc. (The durability has been confirmed to be about 10 years
in tropical environments.) The processing is a bit difficult, but easier than with other high density woods, and thepolished surfaces are also often shiny. The edible parts are the oil from the seeds and the leaves. The seeds and bark
are used in herbal medicine. It has astringent effects and used to relieve toothache and eye ailments.
3

2. Azadirachta indica
Azadirachta indica Ant. Juss. Meliaceae
Neem Tree/Nim Tree/Indian Lilac/印度栴檀/インドセンダン/नीमBotanical Description
Azadirachta indica is growing fast and evergreen tree. Generally 20 m high, sometimes up to 40 m tall and 1 m intrunk diameter, with low branches and dense rounded crown: a crown diameter up to 20 m. Bark is moderately thick
and with deep furrows and scaly plates. Outer bark of the tree dark grey, pink inside. Leaves pinnately compoundand may fall during severe drough. Each leaf has 9-17 pairs of 4-8 cm long curved, lance shaped, saw-toothed andpointed leaflets. Flowers are abundant, small, white and fragrant, arising in the corner of leaf stalks. Fruits are small,smooth ellipsoidal drupes, yellow or greenish-yellow when ripe. Neem seed approximately 4,000 seeds per
kilogram, annual seed production per tree is about 44,000 to 20,0000 seeds.
Distribution
South-East Asia, the Pacific Islands, Australia, South and Central Asia, the USA, the Caribbean, Sub-saharan Africa
and the Middle East. According to general observations, it trees grow in almost all provinces of Cambodia.

4Plantation Management
Azadirachta indica is widely distributed and it is not difficult to find seedlings for seed collection. It can adapt to awide range of temperature and rainfall regimes. It can be established in hot and dry region, where altitude ranging
from 0-1,500 m. Annual rainfall in the area where it can be found ranges from 450-1,150 mm.The tree is mature at
5 years of age, flowering January-April and fruiting May-June. The fruits can be harvested when they turn fromgreen to yellow. After collection, pulping seeds should be used immediately. It can be preserved for 5 months in thehumidity 40% with a temperature of 16°C. Seed viability can be maintained after 2 months of storage in a shadedroom. The seeds are soaked in tap water for 24 hours, then the endocarp is removed, or the end of the seed coat is
cut off. Neem germination rates vary between 15% for stored seed and 85% for fresh seed. Recommendations
suggest that seeds should be sown four months prior to planting. (When the seedlings are about 45 cm tall)

Use
Neem is called “the tree of a thousand uses”.
It has been reported that active ingredients such as Azadirachtin contained in seeds and leaves have various
inhibition effects on insects, such as feeding growth and reproduction, thus, Neem extracts which can be abiopesticide provide the excellent pest control in crop production. It can be used as timber 35-40 years after planting.
The wood is insect resistant and is used as a building, furniture, paper pulp, chipboard, and fuel wood. It is also used
as an excellent carving material.
53. Dalbergia cochinchinensis
Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre ex Laness. Fabaceae
Thailand Rosewood /ケランジィ/ พะยูง / ក្រញូង /酸枝木/ ກະຍູ ງ/ /交趾黄檀Botanical Description
Dalbergia cochinchinensis is the tall evergreen tree, 15-30 m tall, 60 cm in diameter; exceptionally, this tree cangrow up to 120 cm in diameter. Abundantly branched, the tree has a rounded crown. The trunk is cylindrical, andthe bark is brownish yellow and longitudinally split, sometimes peeling off in fragments. The leaves, growing on
alternate sides, have 6-9 leaflets. The leaves are 10-25 cm long, egg shaped, obtuse or short-headed at the apex,
obtuse or rounded at the base, shiny, and veined with reticulate veins. The flowering season is March-April. The
flowers are white or whitish, 5-6 mm long and inflorescences are 10-20 cm long. The petals are obtuse or roundedat the tip, and basically oval or oblong, about 6 mm long. The seeds are 1-3 flat, brown seeds in a non-sticky,
flattened pod 5-6 cm long and 1 cm wide.
Distribution
Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam

6Plantation Management
Dalbergia cochinchinensis is growing sparsely in open areas in mixed deciduous forests below 500 m elevation. It
is found in areas with average annual temperatures of 20-32°C and annual precipitation of 1,200-1,650 mm.
Although shade tolerant when young trees, older trees require a full sun position and has light tolerance and droughttolerance. The growth rate is slow. It has a symbiotic relationship with rhizobium, forming root nodules and doing
nitrogen fixation, which changes for nitrogen in the air into ammonia.
Therefore, its effect of improving soil conditions is expected. When the pods turn dark brown, the seeds are
mature.The pods will be dried, and then removed so as not to damage the seeds. Before sowing, the seeds are placedin boiling water and left to cool. It can also be propagated by cuttings and grafting. This species is classified as
VULNERABLE on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Use
Dalbergia cochinchinensis produces a very valuable and very attractive aromatic wood known as "rosewood". The
wood is heavy, very hard, very durable and insect repellent. The sapwood is grey, and the heartwood is red or almost
black with a fine texture. When the heartwood is cut, it has a beautiful pattern with a distinctive purplish hue and arose-like aroma. When used against processed wood, the wax makes the purple color stand out and gives a very
beautiful finish. It has been most popular as a fretboard material, especially for electric guitars. It has higher thanwater density, finer texture, and richer in oils and resins, so, given careful impression long time. it is dimensionallystable, durable, resistant to rot and insects, and very fragrant when new. The air-dried specific gravity is 0.82-1.09,
which makes some of them sink in water. The wood can be easily glued without any special preparation.
7

4. Delonix regia
Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. Fabaceae
Poinciana / Phu˙o.ng / Diê.p bông đoʼ,/ phoenix flower /鳳凰木
Botanical Description
Delonix regia is a deciduous tree up to 10-15 m tall. The tree is fast-growing, with a flat-topped crown and an umbrellashaped spread. The bark is grey and smooth. The leaves are fern-like, finely pinnate compound leaves, each with 10-40
pairs of narrowly oblong-elliptic 5-15 x 2-5 mm leaflets. The base is slightly oblique, and the leaf tips are rounded. The
flowers are 5-10 cm long and 5¬-10 in number. Composed of four irregular petals about 3-7 cm long and one slightly
larger yellow and white spotted petal. The stamens are 10. Pistil about 2.5 cm long, thread-like, with a shiny pattern. The

tree prefers sandy soils and light, and mature trees are very drought tolerant. The roots are very shallow and often
break pavements and walls, causing problems. Classified in the Encyclopedia of Life on the IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species.

Distribution
Endemic to Madagascar. However, it is almost extinct in Madagascar. Cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions
worldwide, including Southern and Southwestern China and in the Rio Grande Valley and Hawaii in the USA.

8

Plantation Management
Delonix regia is found at altitudes below 2,000 m in tropical and subtropical regions. The tree thrives in areas withaverage annual temperatures of 14-26°C and average annual rainfall of more than 700 mm. The seeds are hard andwoody and take a long time to germinate. Dormancy-breaking methods include scraping off part of the seed coat or
pouring a small amount of boiling water over the seed and removing it before boiling, and soaking the seeds inwarm water for 12-24 hours before sowing. Growth after germination is very rapid. The total time required in thenursery is 3-5 months, with regular watering and weeding of the seedlings during the rainy season. Adding ash to
the seeds allows them to be stored for a longer period. Trees can also be propagated from branch cuttings. Prefers
hot, humid conditions and seeks sunlight. Drought tolerant and salt tolerant. It has a symbiotic relationship withrhizobium, forming root nodules and nitrogen fixation, converting nitrogen to ammonia, which is expected to
improve soil conditions.
Use
One of the world's most widely cultivated ornamental plants, grown as an ornamental in gardens and along roadsides
in the tropics. Sap is used in the food industry. The leaves, flowers, seeds and bark are valued for their various
medicinal compounds, in particular, the leaves are the richest source of it. The bark produces an emetic sensation
and aqueous extracts of the flowers are effective against roundworms. The plant is planted to provide shade in tea
plantations and compounds. Cultivated to improve soil by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. The oil in the seeds is very
suitable for soap and shampoo production. Heartwood yellowish to light brown, sapwood pale yellow. The wood is
soft, heavy, coarse-sectioned, weak, brittle, well-polished and resistant to moisture and insects, although susceptible
to attack by dry wood termites.
95. Dipterocarpus alatus
Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. ex G. Don, Dipterocarpaceaeยางนา / yang na / Hairy-Leafed Apitong/ Sino-Tibetan/ D.philippinensis
Botanical Description
Dipterocarpus altus is a high evergreen tree, 40 m tall, with a trunk around 1 m in diameter. The tree has a crownresembling an umbrella.
It is upright, cylindrical, and erect. Branches may not grow near the ground. The bark has a whitish-grey surface
and a yellowish-brown inner bark, which contains resin. The leaves are 14-25 x 6-15 cm, ovate. The margins are
undulate throughout, and the leaf tips are short and pointed. The petiole is grey-yellow and shiny. The entire leaf isdensely covered with soft hairs. Flower petals 5-petalled. Cream-colored with a pink, red or purple stripe in thecenter. It has 30 stamens. The upper part of the pistil is ovoid and densely hairy. The fruit is spherical, with twolarge wings and three short wings. Flowering November-December, fruiting April-May. This species is classified
as endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Distribution
From east India and the Andaman Islands to Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, south to the border of Thailand with
Peninsular Malaysia

10Plantation Management
Dipterocarpus altus is native to both tropical evergreen and dry deciduous forests. It has been described as a lowland
tropical plant at altitudes of up to 500 m. It is evenly distributed throughout the year with average annual
temperatures of 20-30°C and average annual rainfall of 1000-2200 mm. It is highly tolerant of shade when young
and seedlings can survive under heavy shade for many years. It often grows naturally along riversides and on moist,
flat land. It is fast growth in alluvial soils along rivers has led to its use as a pioneer in afforestation schemes toestablish forests. The short survival rate means that it needs to be sown as soon as it is ripe. It does not require any
pre-treatment and should therefore be sown directly. Germination usually starts within 4-7 days at 25°C and takes
about 8-12 months to grow to 30 cm.
Use
The resin is used in paints, disinfectants, laxatives, and diuretics. Annual production of resin per tree is around 2331 liters. It is very sticky, so care must be taken when processing. The light reddish-brown timber is used for timber,furniture, and household products due to its fine grain and ease of sawing and grinding. As a timber, it is somewhat
durable with a density of 0.70-0.90 and is resistant to fungi and termites. However, it deteriorates quickly if left inthe sun or rain. The oil is an excellent raw material for paints and lacquers. It is used for plaster on boats and otherwaterproof furniture.
11

6. Hopea odorata
Hopea odorata Roxb. Dipterocarpaceae
ta-khian / ตะเคียน /コキ/ Merawan / Sao đen / Balau / Selangan batu
Botanical Description
Hopea odorata is a tall evergreen tree, growing up to 45 meters tall. It has a large crown. The tree trunk is about 80
cm in diameter. It has an upright cylindrical shape, and the roots can grow up to 25 m high. The bark surface is scaly
and dark brown, the outer bark is slightly thicker, and the inner bark is dull yellow. The leaves are 8-17 x 3-9 cm,
elliptic, somewhat thick and yielding. The base is rounded, and the leaf tips are short and pointed. Leaves petiolate,
1.0-1.8 cm long: petiole small. Flowers 3-9 on many branches. The petals are 5, light cream-colored, with hairs on
the outside. The stamens are 15 and slender. The top of the pistil is ovoid and has hairs. The fruit is ovoid, 6-8 mm
in diam. The immature fruit is light green, when mature is brown. Flowering occurs in February-March. Fruiting
occurs April-July. This species is classified as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Distribution
Hopea odorata is believed to be native to India (Andaman Islands) in Southeast Asia.
Myanmar, India, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Indochina.

12Plantation Management
Hopea odorata is found in lowland moist tropical forests on deep soils up to 300 m altitude. Most occur near streams.
It grows best in areas with annual daytime temperatures of 26-36°C and annual rainfall of 1,200 mm or more. The
young plants require some shade, but as they grow older, their requirement for light increases. Flowering usuallyoccurs every two years on trees of 8-10 years and older. The seeds viability is low, and it is advisable to avoid
collecting from the forest floor. Seeds are very drought-sensitive and can only be stored for a short time; if sownwithin a month, they should be stored at room temperature in an airy bag. In case of storage for more than one
month, the seeds should be slightly dried and stored at 15 °C. The germination rate is improved by soaking the seedin water for 8 hours before sowing. After 6-9 months, when seedlings reach 40-60 cm, transplant to the field.
Vegetative propagation by cuttings is often carried out.
Use
Hopea odorata is widely used for windbreaks and roadside trees, as it is an evergreen broadleaf tree and adapts well
to degraded land. The sapwood is lighter in color and the heartwood is yellow or greyish brown, darkening to darkbrown when exposed. The heartwood of this timber is naturally durable, but the sapwood is susceptible to fungal
infestation. The heartwood is also resistant to white ants and is rarely attacked by boring insects. However, sapwood
is susceptible to parasitism by the flatworm (Lyctus brunnus). Heartwood varies from banded greyish yellow tobanded yellowish brown, becoming slightly darker when exposed to the open air. Texture moderately fine and even.
Hard, heavy timber. Not difficult to dry naturally, but prone to cracking. Drying is slow. Timber is used for furnitureand flooring materials, as well as railway sleepers in Vietnam and Laos. Resin, called dammar, is used as a raw
material for making lacquers, varnishes, inks and linoleum. In Thailand, there is a folk belief that Nang Ta-khian(นางตะเคียน) is a tree inhabited by spirits. For this reason, it was believed that it was only used as timber in Buddhist
monasteries. The leaves contain about 10% tannin by dry weight. The bark has astringent properties and is used in
herbal medicine.
137. Pterocarpus macrocarpus
Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz. Fabaceae
Burma padauk/Rosewood/紫檀/オオミカリン/ ធ្នង់ឈាមមាន់ / ធ្នង់
Botanical Description
Pterocarpus macrocarpus is a deciduous tree, 15-30 m high, with a straight, cylindrical trunk with occasional knobs.
The crown is rounded but spreading. The tree tends to branch from a little above the base. The bark has a dark brownscaly surface and a reddish-brown inner bark, which contains resin. Oddly pinnate compound leaves with about 10
alternate leaflets. The leaves are 14-25 x 6-15 cm, ovate. The margins are undulate throughout and the leaf tips areshort and pointed. The petiole is grey-yellow and shiny. The entire leaf is densely covered with soft hairs. Petals 5,yellow. Inflorescence of pea-like flowers, about 6 cm long, in racemes. The stamens are 30. The upper part of thepistil is ovoid and densely hairy. The fruit is approximately discoid, surrounded by a wavy wing about 4-7 cm long.
It contains reddish-brown seeds less than 1 cm long. Flowering February-April, fruiting July-December; classified
as endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Distribution
Cambodia, Myanmar, Philippines, Bangladesh, Thailand, Viet Nam.

14

Plantation Management
Pterocarpus macrocarpus is native to tropical forests. It has been found at altitudes of up to 850 m above sea level.
It prefers average annual temperatures of 24-34°C and average annual rainfall of 1500-2500 mm. It grows best in
well-drained soils, such as alluvial soils along rivers, and in sunny areas. It can also grow on acidic soils. Often
treated as a pioneer species in afforestation projects due to its fast growth. Deciduous in the dry season; floweringand fruiting occur from the 5th year onwards. It can be sown without pre-treatment; germinates from 11 days aftersowing whole pea-pod and from 5 days after sowing seeds only. It has a symbiotic relationship with rhizobium,
forming root nodules and doing nitrogen fixation, which changes for nitrogen in the air into ammonia, therefore, its
effect of improving soil conditions is expected.
Use
The resin is used as a red dye. The timber is used as a building material because it is hard, dense, relatively heavy,
very durable and insect resistant to termites. The bright yellow to dark red heartwood in particular is considered ahigh quality wood. The bark and roots are used as a remedy for diarrhoea. Often planted by roadsides and in parks
as a shade tree.
15

8. Sindora cochinchinensis(Sindora siamensis)
Sindora cochinchinensis Baill. Fabaceaeมะค่าแต ้ / gụ mật/ kâkâh sbaèk//têtê 'hoho
Botanical Description
Sindora cochinchinensis is a deciduous or semi-evergreen tree up to 35 m high. The trunk is cylindrical, 80-100 cm
in diameter, branched. The crown spreads out in an umbrella-like shape. The bark is dark brown with grey patches
and bole straight. The leaves are 15-25 cm long, opposite. Leaves broadly elliptic, 3-4 pairs, 6-15 x 4¬-8 cm, withrounded or convex tips and short hairs on the surface, base rounded, margin entire. A single narrowly oblong-elliptic
petal, 7-10 x 2-4 mm, dull purple when dry. The stamens are 10. The pistil is absent and densely covered with hairs.
The seed pods are about 8 cm long, flattened, irregularly broadly oval with numerous spines on the surface. The
seeds, 1-3 in each pod, are broadly oval, flattened, 15-25 x 14 x 17 mm. This species is classified as C Least Concern
on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Distribution
Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia, China, Peninsular Malaysia

16Plantation Management
Sindora cochinchinensis is distributed in tropical lowlands at altitudes below 500 m, with annual rainfall of 1,0002,000 mm or more. The species prefers sunny sites and prefers sandy, brown or grey loamy soils, but has no
symbiotic relationship with soil bacteria, which many legumes have. Seeds take a long time to fall to the ground
until the pods open. It is therefore necessary to collect the seeds directly by shaking branches or climbing trees. The
fruit is hard and the seeds are difficult to extract, so drying the fruit in the sun makes it easier to extract the seeds.
If the seed coat is scraped off and soaked in tap water, the seeds can be stored for 2-3 years. Scraping the seed coatand soaking overnight in tap water can increase germination rates, with germination starting two weeks after sowing.
Pollination is carried out by flies. Also, in beach forests and occasionally on landward margins of mangroves.
Use
The roasted seeds are used for tea and the fruits are edible. Other uses include oil, tannins, resins and wood. The
wood oil from all trees of the genus is used to make paints and coatings. The heartwood is brown or reddish-brownwith dark brown or black stripes. Sapwood is greyish brown or light brown. After processing, the surface isreasonably fine and uniform, making it widely used for construction timber and furniture. The unripe green fruit canbe baked and eaten. Beans are usually rich in protein, but do not eat raw.
17

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Board of the Foundation Flora Malesiana. (2022). (Daniel Thomas, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Marco Roos,Naturalis Biodiversity Center) Retrieved 4 2022, from FLORA MALESIANA:
https://floramalesiana.org/new/links/
Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. (2022). Retrieved from Royal Botanic Gardens Kew:https://www.kew.org/
CIRAD, IFP, DeveloperNational University of Laos, NHN-Leiden. (2006). Retrieved from Biodiversity Informationand co-Operation in Taxonomy for Interactive shared Knowledge base:
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Deni, B. (1995). Encyclopaedia of Herbs and their Uses. Dorling Kindersley.
Digital species e book. (2008). Retrieved from Digital Compendium of Forestry Species of Cambodia.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2021). Retrieved 4 2022, from Ecocrop:https://gaez.fao.org/pages/ecocrop
FRANCES, L. H., NICK, B. D., ANNA, L., & DANIEL, R. P. (2014). Effectiveness of Community Forestry in Prey
Long Forest, Cambodia. Conservation Biology, 28(2):372-81.
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Ha T.T., D., John, C., Ngoc, B., Heidi, C., & Lam, D. (2019). Recovery of tropical moist deciduous dipterocarp forest
in Southern Vietnam. Forest Ecology and Management.
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https://kiki.huh.harvard.edu/databases/publication_index.html
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Important Species. Blumea Journal of Plant Taxonomy and Plant Geography. Retrieved fromhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/233639651_Trees_of_Laos_and_Vietnam_A_Field_Guide_to_100
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James, V. A. (2010). Tropical Tree Seed Manual. United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service.
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18

under seasonal waterlogging and drought in central Cambodia. Journal of Hydrology. Retrieved fromhttp://tomo-kumagai.eco.coocan.jp/jh1402.pdf
Moritsuka E, P. C. (2017). Genetic variation and population structure of a threatened timber. Tree Genetics andGenomes. Retrieved fromhttps://www.irdfa.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Genetic-variation-and-population-structure-of-athreatened-timber-tree-Dalbergia-cochinchinensis-in-Cambodia.pdf
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19International Non-Profit Organization

Institute of Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation, Japan
I. Aims
Institute of Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation, called ERECON has been advancing various extension
and related research programs. ERECON shall aim to contribute to sustainable use of natural resources in Asian
countries. Therefore, the organization shall pursue the environmental rehabilitation and conservation as well as theenvironmental education for the harmony between the agricultural and urban development and the natural environment.

II. Programs
ERECON shall conduct following non-profit programs on research and extension.
1. Program on Environmental Rehabilitation
and Conservation in Asian Countries

2. Program on Sustainable Use of Natural Resourcesin Asian Countries

3. Program on Environmental Educationin Asian Countries

4. Other programs for achieving ERECON aims

[ERECON Headquarters]
Institute of Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation
2987-1 Onoji Machida-shi, Tokyo 195-0064, Japan.
Tel/ Fax +81-42736-8972 E-mail: hq-erecon@nifty.com[ERECON Southeast Asia Office]Institute of Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation , Southeast Asia Office
In Association of Environmental and Rural Development (AERD)
93/64 Moo.3 Sinsab Village, Bungyeetho Sub-District,Thanyaburi District, Pathum Thani 12130, Thailand
Tel : +66-2957-8064 E-mail: seasia-erecon@hotmail.com[Cambodia Branch]
In Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia (RUA)
P.O. Box 2696, Chamkar Daung, Dangkar District,Phnom Penh, 12401, Cambodia
Tel: +855-97-603-6000
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