European Research Network of Excellenceon the Geological Storage of CO2“CO2GeoNet”
Dr Nick Riley MBE (British Geological Survey, Nottingham, UK; CO2GeoNet Coordinator)

njr @bgs.ac.uk
www.co2geonet.com

RITE CO2 Capture & Storage workshop, Tokyo Feb21-22, 2006

Main characteristics of CO2 Storage•Storage has to be long term (over 1000 years) and secure. It may be sub-sea bed
or onshore•Injection rates of at least 1Mt CO2/annum over several decades•Meet safety, environmental protection, carbon credit, public acceptance & regulatoryneeds- regulation still being formulated•Avoid sterilising or impacting upon other resources•Minimise risk and maximise performance by selecting suitable geological sites forstorage•Monitor and verify storage to ensure performance matches prediction•Develop intervention & mitigation strategies for unexpected events

RITE CO2 Capture & Storage workshop, Tokyo Feb21-22, 2006

CO2GeoNet is a “Network of Excellence”
13 Research Partners
Denmark
Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland –GEUS
FranceBureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres- BRGM
Institute Francais du Petrole –IFPStarted April 2004 Germany
Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources –BGR
€9m, 5 years
EC €6mCollaborationwithJapan (RITE)& Canada (PTRC)

Italy
Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale-OGS
Università di Roma “La Sapienza” -URS
Netherlands
Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research –TNO
NorwayNorwegian Institute for Water Research –NIVA
Stiftelsen Rogalandsforskning-RF
SINTEF Petroleumsforskning AS –SPRUKNatural Environment Research Council-British Geological Survey-BGS)
Heriot-Watt University –HWU
Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine-IMPERIALRITE CO2 Capture & Storage workshop, Tokyo Feb21-22, 2006RESEARCH AREAS AND SUB-AREAS

Geolog. Model.

Mitigation strategy

Quantification

Lon term security

Health/Safety

Ecosystem

Remote sensing

Hydrological

BiologicalGeochemical

Geophysical

ECBM

EGR

EOR

Geomechanical

Fluid

JR3-3

JR4-1

JR4-2

JR4-3

JR4-4

JR4-5

JR5-1

JR5-2

JR5-3

JR5-4

JR5-5

JR6

JRAP-8

JR3-2

JRAP-7

JR3-1

JRAP-6

JR2-4

JRAP-5

JR2-3

JRAPs months 13-30

JRAP-4

JR2-2

JRAP-3

JR6

JR5

JR2-1

Creation of a conceptual model of gas
migration in a leaking CO2 analogue

JR4GM

JR1-4

JRAP-2

JR3

RISK

JR1-3Cap rock seal capacity for CO2 storage

JR2MONITORING

JR1-2

JRAP-1

EHR

JR1-1

JR1

Geophysical

EXPERIMENTS
Geomechanical

Fluid flow

Geochemical

JRAPs andResearch Areas(Key Challenges)

Geophysical

MODELLING

Geochemical

CO2 GeoNet -5143

3243-

11262

1133

63-

3

Development of advanced seismic modellingcapabilities
Ecosystem responses to CO2 leakage - model
approachGeochemical monitoring for onshore gas
releases at the surface
Integrating risk assessment tools for CO2storage performance assessment
Interaction of CO2 with host rocks:
experiments and models
Monitoring of submarine CO2 fluxes andecological impact

JRAP-9Seal properties database

JRAP-10

Testing remote sensing monitoring
technologies for potential CO2 leaks

JRAP-11

Unlithified seal deformation

JRAP-12

Application of tracers for monitoring CO2storage

JRAP-13

CO2 storage in virgin seams and in coal seams
stimulated by UGCRITE CO2 Capture & Storage workshop, Tokyo Feb21-22, 2006

BGS
BGR
BRGM
GEUS
HWU
IFP
IMPER
NIVA
OGS
RFSPR
TNO
URS

Conceptual model of gas migration
in a leaking CO2 natural analogue

JRAP-2

 Objectives: To understand a leaking CO2 system in terms of:
9 migration mechanisms, pathways and times
9 structural / depositional controls
9 additional gas storage in overlying strata
9 distribution / size of deep pathways, geochemical reactions and near-surface
release points
9 predicting the location, size and volume (i.e. risk) of a CO2 leak at surface

 Activities:
9 field studies mainly focused on an Italian site (Ciampino or Latera)
9 reservoir to surface using geophysics, structural geology andgeochemistry Methods:
9 high resolution Seismics by Vibroseis
9 ground penetrating radar (GPR)
9 soil gas measurements
9 mineralogy analysis
9 geological and structural surveys
RITE CO2 Capture & Storage workshop, Tokyo Feb21-22, 2006

BGS
BGR
BRGM
GEUS
HWU
IFP
IMPER
NIVA
OGS
RFSPR
TNO
URS

Ecosystem responses to CO2 leakage- model approach -JRAP-4

 Objectives: To provide a holistic integrated site investigation tool
enabling stakeholders (eg. regulators) to assess the long-term potential
risks of CO2 storage on subsurface, terrestrial and marine ecosystems

 Methods:- Systems Model

9 based on natural and experimental CO2 leaking systems both on and offshore
9 applied to natural sites leaking CO2 to identify knowledge gaps and to understandthe behavior of the system as a whole to assess the importance of different risks- Feasibility study to set up European Test Facilities

9 review / feasibility study
9 scoping studies (off and on shore ecosystems)

evaluating significance through cost benefit analysis- Development of a Decision support tool

9 GIS Decision Support System (web products) toaid assessment of information on environmentallysensitive areas in site selection process
9 screening tool to be used in first stages- Dissemination

9 to end users (industry, regulators and policy makers)
RITE CO2 Capture & Storage workshop, Tokyo Feb21-22, 2006

BGS
BGR

Geochemical monitoring for onshore
gas releases at surface

JRAP-5

BRGM
GEUS
HWU
IFP
IMPER
NIVA
OGS
RFSPR
TNO
URS

 Objectives: Integrated assessment of a range of gas monitoring
approaches on well-described sites

A) GC CO2 (%) - October 2004

 Relevance:

24

192.520

9 it is important to prove that stored CO2 does notreach the surface in order to: demonstrate containment
 underpin carbon credits
 re-assure the public, etc.

 Methods:

21.75
1318

17

1.5
1.25
10.75
0.5

12

9 monitoring gases in the soil and / or the air above it,

2.25

7

80.25
0

as done in Nascent, Weyburn, In Salah, Castor

 Possible areas of improvement:

9 define how small a release of gas could be detected
given the often large natural fluctuations in soil gases
9 study natural tracer gases
9 speed up surveying techniques
9 refine low cost automatic monitors

RITE CO2 Capture & Storage workshop, Tokyo Feb21-22, 2006

BGS
BGR
BRGM
GEUS
HWU
IFP

JRAP-8

Monitoring of submarine
CO2 fluxes & ecological impact

 Objectives: Feasibility study for automatic sampling &detection of offshore gas release, coupled to analysis of water

IMPER
NIVA
OGSRF
SPR
TNO
URS

chemistry, and CO2 exposure tests on marine organisms

 Relevance:

9 improve experience in offshore monitoring

Gulf of Trieste

9 first operational testing of basic monitoring installations, coupled toVeniceecological investigations
9 to assess knowledge and define technical gaps in order to facilitate
further developments of continuous geochemical monitoring devices
to be used in open sea environments and lakes

Monitoring network in the Gulf of Trieste by three OGS buoys

Meteo-oceanographic
buoy OGS-MAMBO

Benthic Chamber system
Monitoring station on a lake above
Dashgyl mud volcano, Azerbaijan

RITE CO2 Capture & Storage workshop, Tokyo Feb21-22, 2006

Benthic lander” used by RITE/NIVA in a Norwegian fjord in order to study effects of CO2 on a benthic sedimentcommunity at 400m depth (September 2005).

RITE CO2 Capture & Storage workshop, Tokyo Feb21-22, 2006

BGS
BGR
BRGM
GEUS
HWU
IFP
IMPER
NIVA
OGSRFSPRTNO
URS

Testing remote sensing technologies
for potential CO2 leaks

JRAP-10

 Objectives: To demonstrate airborne and satellite remotesensing techniques as reliable methods for monitoring theperformance of storage sites

 Activities:

9 natural CO2 seeps detection through: changes in vegetation
 temperature anomalies

9 control of the spatial distribution of CO2 seeps:

 such as fracture and fault distribution at Latera

9 ground truth of the NERC (BGS) airborne remoteLATERA

sensing results with geochemical surveys to improve
total emission estimates using: gas flux measurements
 an innovative laser-based atmospheric CO2
measurement technique

9 use the OGS’ helicopter borne hyper-spectral camera
to analyse and correlate vegetation stress to identify
anomalous CO2 concentrations

NW

AdriaticSea
Rome

9 remote sensing data over a larger area to improvethe current GIS-based demonstrations of hazard identification

ES

Tyrrenian
Sea

0RITE CO2 Capture & Storage workshop, Tokyo Feb21-22, 2006100200

300 kmLatera survey – orthophotos, elevation image, intensity image

RITE CO2 Capture & Storage workshop, Tokyo Feb21-22, 2006

Latera survey – comparison between
laser uncalibrated amplitude and orthoimages

4721100

4721100

472105047210504721000

4721000

4720950

4720950

4720900

4720900

4720850

4720850

4720800

4720800

9.5
9
8.5
8
7.5
7
6.5
6
5.5
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5

4720750

4720750
730900730950731000731050731100731150731200730900730950731000731050731100731150

RITE CO2 Capture & Storage workshop, Tokyo Feb21-22, 2006

731200Latera survey – RGB, NDVI hyperspectral and classified image

RITE CO2 Capture & Storage workshop, Tokyo Feb21-22, 2006

Latera survey – 3 NDVI and true color CASIRITE CO2 Capture & Storage workshop, Tokyo Feb21-22, 2006

OUR CHALLENGE
Without regulatory, industrial and public confidence about CO2 storage
there will be no possibility of decarbonising emissions from fossil fuels
THANK YOU!

RITE CO2 Capture & Storage workshop, Tokyo Feb21-22, 2006