JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

Joint Crediting Mechanism Guidelines for Developing
Project Design Document and Monitoring Report for Reducing Emissions from
Deforestation and Forest Degradation, and the Role of Conservation, Sustainable
Management of Forests and Enhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks in Developing
Countries (REDD-plus)
CONTENTS
1.

Scope and applicability ...................................................................................................... 2

2.

Terms and definitions ........................................................................................................ 2

3.

General guidelines ............................................................................................................. 2

4.

Developing a PDD............................................................................................................. 5

5.

6.

4.1.

Completing a PDD form ............................................................................................. 5

4.2.

Developing a Monitoring Plan .................................................................................. 28

4.3.

Preparing for actual measurement ............................................................................. 29

Monitoring ...................................................................................................................... 45
5.1.

Conducting monitoring............................................................................................. 45

5.2.

Data correction for actual measurement .................................................................... 45

5.3.

Recording and archiving data ................................................................................... 47

Developing a Monitoring Report...................................................................................... 47

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1. Scope and applicability
1.

The “Joint Crediting Mechanism Guidelines for Developing Project Design Document andMonitoring Report for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation, andthe Role of Conservation, Sustainable Management of Forests and Enhancement of Forest
Carbon Stocks in Developing Countries (REDD-plus)” (hereinafter referred to as “these
Guidelines”) are intended to assist project participants on developing project design
documents (hereinafter referred to as “PDD”) and monitoring report.

2.

REDD-plus safeguards are outside the scope of these Guidelines. Safeguards are supported
and promoted by project participants in line with the “Joint Crediting mechanism Guidelines
for Developing Proposed Methodology for REDD-plus”, and the “Joint Crediting
Mechanism Guidelines for Addressing and Respecting REDD-plus Safeguards”.

3.

These Guidelines describe standards which are requirements to be met, except guidanceindicated with terms “should” and “may” as defined in paragraph 8 below.

2. Terms and definitions
4.

“Project design document (PDD)” is prepared by the project participant of a JCM project andsets out in detail, in line with the JCM rules and guidelines, the JCM project which is to berealized.

5.

“Monitoring” is collecting and archiving all relevant data necessary for estimating GHG
emission that are significant and reasonably attributable to a registered JCM project.

6.

“Monitoring plan” sets out the methodology to be used by project participants for themonitoring of, and by third-party entities for verification of the amount of GHG emission
reductions achieved by the JCM project.

7.

“Monitoring report” is prepared by a project participant and sets out the GHG emission
reductions of an implemented registered JCM project for a particular monitoring period.

8.

The following terms apply in these Guidelines:(a) “Should” is used to indicate that among several possibilities, one course of action isrecommended as particularly suitable;(b) “May” is used to indicate what is permitted.

9.

Terms in these Guidelines are defined in “JCM Glossary of Terms” available on the JCM
website.

3. General guidelines
10. When designing a proposed JCM project and developing a PDD and a monitoring report,
project participants apply these Guidelines and the selected methodology(ies), which2

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contain(s) approved methodology document(s) and Monitoring Spreadsheet(s). They also
take note of the “Joint Crediting Mechanism Guidelines for Developing Proposed
Methodology for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation, and theRole of Conservation, Sustainable Management of Forests and Enhancement of Forest
Carbon Stocks in Developing Countries (REDD-plus)” and “Joint Crediting Mechanism
Guidelines for Addressing and Respecting Safeguards for Reducing Emissions from
Deforestation and Forest Degradation, and the Role of Conservation, Sustainable
Management of Forests and Enhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks in Developing Countries(REDD-plus)”.
11. The project participants also communicate with the technical contact person for REDD-plus
under the JCM to explain how they intend to establish the project reference level and estimate
project net emissions following an approved methodology, consider any comments and otherfeedback they receive, and keep records of the communications. The technical contact person
for REDD-plus under the JCM is provided on the JCM website.
12. The Monitoring Spreadsheet is provided as a part of each approved methodology and it
consists of:(a)Monitoring Plan Sheet (input sheet and calculation process sheet) which is used
before validation for developing a monitoring plan and calculating emission
reductions ex ante;(b)

Monitoring Structure Sheet which is used before validation for developing an
operational and management structure to be implemented in order to conduct
monitoring;(c)Monitoring Report Sheet (input sheet and calculation process sheet) which is used
before verification for developing a monitoring report and calculating emission
reductions ex post.

13. A PDD consists of a completed PDD form and monitoring plan using Monitoring Plan Sheetand Monitoring Structure Sheet. A monitoring report is completed by using Monitoring
Report Sheet.
14. The project participants provide a description of the project that provides a comprehensionof the nature of the project and its implementation.
15. The project participants monitor the registered JCM project and its emission reductions. The
project participants establish and apply quality management procedures to manage data andinformation. The project participants should reduce, as far as is practical, uncertainties
related to the quantification of emission reductions.
16. These Guidelines, the PDD form, and Monitoring Spreadsheet can be obtained electronicallyfrom the JCM website.
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17. The Joint Committee may revise the PDD form and the Monitoring Spreadsheet if necessary.
18. The Monitoring Spreadsheet may be revised when the corresponding approved methodology
is revised.
19. The PDD form and the Monitoring Spreadsheet are completed in English language.
20. The PDD form and the Monitoring Spreadsheet are not to be altered, that is, are to becompleted without modifying its format, font, headings, except for those referred inparagraph 21 below.
21. Rows may be added to the table in the Annex of the PDD form.
22. Where a PDD contains information that the project participants wish to be treated asconfidential or proprietary, the project participants are required to submit documentation in
two versions:(a)

One version where all parts containing confidential or proprietary information are
made illegible (e.g. by covering those parts with black ink or overwrite those parts
with letters such as “XXX”) so that the version can be made publicly available
without displaying confidential or proprietary information;(b)

Another version containing all information that is to be treated as strictly
confidential or proprietary by all parties handling this documentation (the third-party
entities, the Joint Committee members, external experts).

23. Description related to application of the eligibility criteria and the environmental impact
assessment is not considered confidential or proprietary.
24. The presentation of values in the PDD, including those used for the calculation of emission
reductions, should be in international standard format e.g. 1,000 representing one thousand
and 1.0 representing one. The units used should be accompanied by their equivalent S.I.
units/norms (thousand/million) as part of the requirement to ensure transparency and clarity.

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4. Developing a PDD
In the following section, a hypothetical project is described in red color as an example to show
how to fill in the PDD form, Monitoring Plan Sheet, and Monitoring Structure and Procedures
Sheet.

4.1. Completing a PDD form
<Example of a completed PDD>
A. Project description
A.1. Title of the JCM project
Reducing deforestation and forest degradation through community-based forest management
and agricultural intensification in country XYZ・ Provide an unambiguous title of the JCM project. The title should indicate the major project
activities.
A.2. General description of the proposed project
The project is the result of collaboration between Company ABC, Company DEF, national
NGO ABC and the Department of Forestry of country XYZ. It builds on an earlier initiative,
which supported 4 communities in province XYZ to establish community forests. These andother forests in the province are under threat of unplanned deforestation and degradation
driven by population growth, in-migration, lack of livelihood options, insecure tenure of local
communities and lack of resources for forest monitoring and enforcement of forest laws.
Forest conversion and fires are the main proximate causes of deforestation. The primaryagents of deforestation are local and migrant communities, who clear the forest for
agriculture, use fire for hunting and land clearance, and collect timber and fuelwood for localuse.
The project activities to avoid deforestation and forest degradation, and the displacement ofemissions, are (i) Implementation of approved community forest management plans thatmaintain high carbon stocks through fire control measures and community controls on forest
resource use, (ii) Forest patrols and cell-phone communications to prevent illegal activities
and provide early warning of forest fires, (iii) Voluntary fire brigades to suppress forest fires,(iii) Cultivation and marketing of certified high-value organic produce to provide alternative
livelihoods and reduce pressure on forests, (iv) Planting of woodlots to reduce dependence on
forests for fuelwood. Monitoring of emissions to generate carbon offsets and monitoring of
the project’s socio-economic and biodiversity impacts will also be conducted.
Through these activities, the project aims to:(i) Conserve biodiversity rich forests with high carbon stocks that provide important
ecosystem services to adjacent communities and the country;(ii) Improve community wellbeing through strengthened community institutions, increased
agricultural productivity, and sustainable sources of timber and fuel wood for local use;(iii) Support country XYZ’s Community Forest Programme, National REDD+ Strategy, andNational Agricultural Development Plan.

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・ Provide a brief description of the project, including:・ The purpose of the project;
・ Drivers of deforestation and/or forest degradation that are expected to impact forestsin the project area;・ The type of activities the proposed project will implement to reduce net emissions andany other major activities that will be conducted.
A.3. Project location
Country
Region, province, district,villages, etc.
Geographical coordinates

Country XYZProvince XYZVillages A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L
The project area consists of 4 community forests locatedwithin latitude XXX to XXX and longitude XXX to XXX・ Provide information on the project location such as the name of the region, province,
district, and/or village(s), etc. where the project is located in line with the related guidelines
and the applied methodology(ies).
A.4. Project area and activity area
Project area
Map

Total size

A kml file of the project area has been submitted together with the PDD and
can also be requested from NGO ABC.
17,400 ha
Forest parcels
Community forest 1
Community forest 2
Community forest 3

Area (ha)
5,100
5100
4900
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Community forest 4
Total project area
Fulfillment offorestdefinition

Forest typeand conditions

Environmenta
l conditions

2300
17,400The national definition of forest in Country XYZ for REDD-plus under the
JCM is XXX (Reference: Annex 1, Joint Crediting Mechanism Guidelines
for Developing Proposed Methodology for Reducing Emissions from
Deforestation and Forest Degradation, and the Role of Conservation,
Sustainable Management of Forests and Enhancement of Forest Carbon
Stocks in Developing Countries (REDD-plus)). Land cover in Province
XYZ in 2001 and 2015 was mapped using Landsat images with over 90%
classification accuracy (see annex). The maps demonstrate that all 4
community forests that comprise the project area were completely forested
for the past 15 years.
The project area consists of 4 parcels of forest comprised of undisturbed
lowland evergreen forest. These are multi-storey forests with more than 80%
trees of evergreen species, and a canopy cover of over 80 per cent. Emergent
trees include Ficus, Dipterocarpus alatus, Shorea vulgaris, Anisoptera
cochichinnensis and Tetrameles nudiflora. Further details are provided in
the annex.
Climate: Country XYZ has a monsoonal climate, with distinct wet and dry
seasons. Average yearly rainfall is between 1,300-1,500 mm. Yearlytemperatures range from 24°C-32°C, with an average of 28°C.
Hydrology: Small streams dissect the gently undulating landscape, whichslopes towards the fertile lowlands. Annual stream flows vary greatly
between the wet and dry seasons. Rivers and streams supply downstream
lakes on which local communities depend for freshwater fishery resources.
Topography: In Province XYZ the terrain is mostly gently undulating, withsmall hills and wet land depressions. To the north the terrain rises to aforested range of hills between 400-650 m.
Soils: Sandstone accounts for most of the basement geology and has a major
influence on the properties of upland soils. Sandy materials cover much of
the area, due to the siliceous sedimentary formations. The most prevalentsoil groups include Acrisols and Leptosols.
Vegetation and ecosystems: The main forest type is lowland evergreen
forest. The majority of the forests are dryland ecosystems. Seasonal
wetlands and swamps exist naturally within the forest systems. Due to themonsoonal climate, many areas are inundated for at least part of the year. A
few lakes are found in the province.
Relevant historic conditions: Province XYZ has a history of violent conflict;
however, recent decades have been free of conflict and the region is becoming
more prosperous. The province’s rich natural resources, including forests,
wildlife, freshwater fish, construction stone, minerals and natural and cultural
tourism sites, are drawing people to the region. Cross-border trade withneighboring countries is becoming increasingly important. Demand on
natural resources is growing fast as the rural population is growing rapidly.
Development of roads is facilitating in-migration to forested areas, andmigrants seek to clear the forest to gain title to the land. See annex for moredetails.
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Rights of use
for the project

The project area consists of permanent forest estate in province XYZ thathas been declared by the Department of Forestry as 4 discrete community
forests. The Department of Forestry has issued a community forest
agreement for each community forest with a duration of 15-years(renewable). Under the agreements, each community forest is managed by aCommunity Forest Management Committee and the communities have therights to the forests for subsistence needs and local uses, as well as any otheruses specified in approved forest management plans. Agreements weresigned between the government and each of the participating communities
to clarify all rights regarding lands and resources, including carbon
ownership, in the community forests. The rights to the carbon are held by
the government and are managed by the Department of Forestry (one of the
project participants). Copies of the agreements are provided in the annex.
The project will support agricultural intensification activities (certified highvalue organic produce) in the activity area, which is adjacent to the project
area. Households have the legal title to this land, which can be confirmed byviewing the property titles.

・ Provide a map displaying the geographical boundaries of the project area and othergeographical information that aids comprehension of the project location.
・ Provide the total size of the project area in hectares.
・ Describe the forest type and conditions (extent of disturbance, if any) in the project area.
Details may be provided in the Annex.
・ Provide an overview of present and prior environmental conditions of the project area
including information on climate, hydrology, topography, relevant historic conditions,soils, vegetation and ecosystems. Details may be provided in the Annex.
・ Explain the past and present tenure rights in the project area, including ownership rights
and use rights. Provide documentary evidence that at least 80% of the forest in the
project area is under the control of the project in the Annex.
Activity area
Activity area

The activity area consists of several areas adjacent to the project area and8

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each consists of small agricultural plots that households hold legal title over.
The 12 project villages are all located within the activity area. Under the
project, the communities will be provided with training, extension and othersupport to cultivate certified high-value organic crops in the activity area.
The map below shows the total extent of the activity area. Any forest inside
the boundaries of the activity is excluded from the area.

・ Describe and provide a map of the activity area, if an activity area is employed in the
project design.
・ If an activity area is not employed in the project design, write “N/A” in the correspondingcell.
A.5. Project participants
Project participants
Country
the Lao People's Democratic Republic
Japan

Project participants
NGO ABC, Department of Forestry
Company ABC, Company DEF

・ List the project participants from the Lao People's Democratic Republic and Japanin the corresponding cells.
Project implementation structure
Assigned roles and responsibilities for each organization participating in the project
The project participants are 4 organizations and 4 communities that are implementing the
project. They are supported by 3 organizations providing technical inputs. Assigned roles
and responsibilities are as follows:
Name oforganization
Community
ForestManagement
Committees;
Project
communities
Company ABC(projectparticipant)Company DEF(projectparticipant)
NGO ABC

MandateRoles and responsibilities in projectManage thecommunity forests

Forest management planning and controls;
Organizing patrols and voluntary fire brigades;
Supporting organic agriculture and woodlot
establishment.

Japanese company
specializing inorganic productionof high-value
agricultural
produce
Japanese company
implementing
forestry andconservation
projects
National NGO

Training and guidance to project communities
on organic growing methods; Preparation fororganic farming certification; Monitoring ofagricultural production to ensure export quality;
International sales of organic agricultural
produce.
Forest mapping and inventory; Advisory fordevelopment and implementation of community
forest management plans.
Establishment of community-based voluntary9

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Department ofForestry(projectparticipant)XYZ Provincial
Forest Office(technicalinputs)
University
KLM (technicalinputs)
University NOP(technicalinputs)established in 2000,
with a mission ofpromotingcommunity-based
natural resource
management
Responsible for
implementation ofForestry Act andsupporting
regulations anddecreesManagement of
permanent forest
estate in province
XYZ
Japanese university
with expertise inspatial modeling
National
University, Dept. of
Ecologyfire brigades; Creation of cell-phone network;
Safeguards planning and monitoring.

Project advisory and steering; Management ofcarbon offsets generated by the project

Support to Community Forest Management
Committees on Community Forest Management
Plans and patrols; Guidance on woodlots
Development of project reference emissions
level; Monitoring of land-use change using
remote sensing
Biodiversity assessment and monitoring

Implementation structure
The project will be managed from the Project Management Office, which is to be set up inprovincial capital XYZ, enabling regular travel to the project and activity areas. The ProjectManagement Office is responsible for the day-to-day decisions associated with running the
project, including organizing the necessary technical and other inputs. It will hold aninternal Monthly Project Management Meeting for review and planning purposes.
A Project Steering Committee will be established and will meet every six months. Meeting
records will be kept as minutes at the Project Management Office. The Project Steering
Committee reviews the performance of the Project Management Office and sets the strategy
for the coming 6 months. The members of the Project Steering Committee will be senior
officers of the project participants, a representative of the Provincial Forest Office and a
representative of each of the Community Forest Management Committees.
The Community Forest Management Committees are responsible for establishingregulations and plans for the management and utilization of the Community Forests. The
Community Forest Management Plans must be approved by the Department of Forestry. The
Community Forest Management Committees will meet monthly to take decisions about theday-to-day management and use of the community forests.

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The project participants have signed an MOU to implement the project (copy provided inannex).

・ Describe the roles of each project participant and other organizations in the project.
・ Describe the project implementation structure using a diagram(s) that depicts therelationships between the project participants (and any other organizations that are
involved in the project).
・ Provide evidence for establishing the implementation structure, if any, such as amemorandum of cooperation between the project participants, in the Annex.
A.6. Duration
Starting date of project
operation
Expected operational
lifetime of project

01/01/2017
30 years

・ Provide the project start date in DD/MM/YYYY and operational lifetime in years andmonths.
・ Note: The starting date of a JCM project is the date on which the operation of a project
begins, but may not predate 2013/1/1.
A.7. Description of drivers of deforestation and/or forest degradation and project activities

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Drivers ofdeforestation
and/or forest
degradation

The underlying drivers of deforestation and forest degradation expected
to impact the forests in the project area in the absence of the project are
population growth, in-migration, lack of livelihood options, insecure
tenure of local communities and lack of resources for forest monitoringand enforcement of forest laws. Forest conversion and fires are the main
proximate causes of deforestation expected. Extraction of timber andfuelwood for local use is also degrading the forest. The primary agentsof deforestation are local and migrant communities, who clear the forest
for agriculture. Fires are a natural part of the forest ecosystem, but forest
fires are becoming more prevalent as they are used in an uncontrolledmanner by hunters and by local communities to clear undergrowth.
Conversion to cropland
Forest lands in Province XYZ have been increasingly converted for
agricultural use, due to growth of the local population and in-migration.
Government statistics (Reference AAA) indicate that population in theprovince is growing at 1% per annum. The average annual influx of
migrants is estimated to be 2,000 families (Reference BBB). With eachfamily requiring about 2 ha. of agricultural land to sustain itself, 4,000
ha of new agricultural land is required each year.
Forest fires
Natural forest fires are part of and essential to the forest ecosystem inthe province. However, fires lit by hunters and left to burn out of control
are now presenting a threat to forests. It is estimated that in the dry
season, 50% of forest fires result from hunters using fires (Reference
CCC).

Project activities

Timber and fuelwood for local use
Timber is harvested for local purposes, mostly the construction of
dwellings. These are often semi-permanent, meaning they areabandoned after a number of years and more trees cut to build new
dwellings. The need for housing of the growing population is increasepressure on the forests for local timber use. The growing population is
also demanding greater volumes of fuelwood. Over 90% of country
XYZ’s population use fuelwood and other biomass for cooking(Reference DDD).
(i) Provide support to 4 Community Forest Management Committees
encompassing 12 villages to design and implement approved forest
management plans
Through training workshops and outreach, the project will support the
local communities to develop and implement forest management plans
to mitigate fire risk and ensure that the extraction of fuelwood andtimber for local use is controlled and maintained at sustainable levels.
Controlled extraction of fuelwood can in fact reduce forest fire risk
through the removal of deadwood. Fire lines will be cut at the beginningof the annual fire season to minimize the spread of fires. They have beenfound effective in other parts of the country. The communities will
participate in 3-yearly biomass and biodiversity surveys in the project
area. The communities will be trained on the establishment andmeasurement of permanent sample plots to monitor forest biomass andestimate forest carbon stocks, and on biodiversity survey techniques.
Objectives: Build community capacity to sustainably manage their
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forests and generate data to assess and strengthen the forest management
strategies
Actors: 4 project communities, Company DEF, NGO ABC, XYZProvincial Forest Office, University NOP
Location: Project Area
Duration/Frequency: 3 training workshops will be conducted with each
community in Year 1. Refresher trainings will be conducted asnecessary. Project technical staff will provide guidance to communities
when conducting forest management and monitoring activities.
(ii) Conduct forest patrols and establish cell-phone network
The project will employ community members to demarcate thecommunity forest boundaries using signboards and posts and to conduct
patrols to stop outsiders from encroaching on the forests, hunting using
fires and overharvesting fuelwood and timber. Communicationequipment and uniforms will be purchased and patrol huts constructed.
The project will support meetings between the Community Forest
Management Committees and migrant community leaders to request
recognition of and support for the community forests. XYZ Provincial
Forest Office will participate in the meetings with migrant community
leaders and the forest patrols.
A cell-phone network will be established in the project communities toquickly communicate information on illegal forest activities and forest
fires.
Objectives: Reduce encroachment, fires and over-extraction of
fuelwood and timber
Actors: 4 project communities, Company DEF, NGO ABC, XYZProvincial Forest Office
Location: Project Area
Duration/Frequency: Planning workshops will be conducted todetermine best patrolling routes and frequency.
(iii) Establish voluntary fire brigades
The project will form voluntary fire brigades consisting of village youth
in each of the 4 communities. They will be equipped with
communications equipment, protective clothing and firefighting tools.
The project will seek ways of providing incentives for participation,such as buying equipment for youth sports teams or other clubs. Suchvoluntary fire brigades have been found effective in other parts of thecountry.
Objectives: Reduce spread of forest fires
Actors: Village youth, Company DEF, NGO ABC, XYZ Provincial
Forest Office
Location: Project Area, adjacent forests
Duration/Frequency: Purchase of equipment, formation of the brigades
and training will be conducted in Year 1. Support to the brigades will be
provided throughout the life of the project.
(iv) Cultivation and marketing of certified high-value organic produce
Company ABC is a Japanese company that specializes in organic
agriculture in Japan and several developing countries. It will provide
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training and extension to communities on the cultivation of high-valueorganic produce. Equipment necessary for nurseries, land preparation,
planting out, harvesting and storage will be provided. Company ABC
will acquire certification for the organically grown produce and willorganise the marketing and export of the produce.
Objectives: Reduce pressure on forests through increased agricultural
productivity
Actors: 4 project communities, Company ABC, NGO ABC.
Location: Activity area
Duration/Frequency: Organization of farmer groups and training will
begin in Year 1. Extension services will be provided for the duration of
the project.
(v) Planting of woodlots
The planting of woodlots is expected to reduce reliance on naturalforests for timber and fuelwood for local uses. Woodlots are absent fromthe project villages, who lack the finances to purchase seedlings andknowledge on species selection and tree cultivation and maintenance.
Company ABC, XYZ Provincial Forest Office and NGO ABC, will
provide training and extension to the project communities and nearby
migrant communities on woodlot establishment. Community forest
management committees will assist in organizing the projectcommunities and identifying suitable land. Traditional leaders willorganize the migrant communities.
Objectives: Avoid unsustainable harvesting of forests for fuelwood andtimberActors: 4 project communities, Company ABC, NGO ABC, XYZProvincial Forest Office
Location: Activity area
Duration/Frequency: Woodlots will be established in Year 1 and will
become productive by Year 6. Extension services will be provided forthe first 3 years and thereafter as necessary.
・ Provide a description of the drivers of deforestation and/or forest degradation expected to
impact the forests in the project area in the absence of the project.
・ Describe the project activities, including objectives, actors involved, location (project areaor activity area), duration/frequency, and other relevant information.
A.8. Contribution from Japan
Company ABC is a Japanese company with a global reputation for the production of organic
foods. It has developed a unique combination of methods for composting, soil enrichment
and pest/disease management that provide high-quality, high-yield organic produce.
Company ABC will build the capacity of, and provide the inputs necessary for, farmers in
the activity area to cultivate high-value crops with export potential using these organic
methods. Company ABC will acquire organic certification for this produce and organize
sales on international markets. Company DEF is a Japanese company that has worked with
communities on forest management in Japan and abroad and brings this expertise to theproject. It will contribute to the forest inventories and building the capacity of thecommunities to implement the forest management plans. University KLM has advanced
remote sensing and GIS facilities and expertise. It will contribute by developing thereference emissions level and will monitor deforestation and degradation after the project14

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start to monitor emissions displacement, calculate project net emissions, and reassess thereference emissions level and displacement belt.
・ Explain how Japan contributes to the implementation of the project (e.g. financial support,
technological inputs, training, etc.).

B. Application of the approved methodology(ies)B.1. Methodology(ies) applied to the proposed JCM project
Approved methodology No.
XXX
Version number
XXX
Approved methodology No.
Version number
Approved methodology No.
Version number
・ Provide the number and version of the approved methodology(ies) applied to the proposed
JCM project.
B.2. Explanation of how the project meets eligibility criteria of the approved methodology(ies)
Eligibility
Descriptions specified in
Explanation of compliance with criterion
criteria
the methodology
Criterion 1
The main drivers of
The main drivers of deforestation and forest
deforestation and forest
degradation in the reference region, as
degradation are conversion observed through the application of remote
for agriculture and forest
sensing and GIS, and through local
fire.
consultations, are conversion for agriculture
and forest fire (see above). Degradation is also
occurring because of over-extraction of timberand fuelwood for local use, but as aconservative measure is excluded from the
project accounting.
Criterion 2
The project area does not
No peat soils have been mapped in province
include forest on peat soil. XYZ (Reference EEE) and none were detected
Peat is defined as organicin the project area during ground observations.
soil with at least 65%
organic matter and aminimum thickness of 50cm
Criterion 3
Illegal logging to supply
There is no evidence (either from literature,regional, national or
media, local consultations or remote sensing
international markets is not and GIS analysis) of a significant volume oftaking place.
illegal logging in the reference area to supply
regional, national or international markets. The
road infrastructure is poor, making it difficult
to transfer timber from the forests.
Transportation routes are also closely
monitored by the state government, making it
difficult for anyone to transport large volumes
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Criterion 4Agricultural intensification
activities do not involve
large numbers of livestockor the application of
inorganic fertilizers.

Criterion 5

The historic pattern of
deforestation is mosaic.

Criterion 6
Criterion 7
Criterion 8
Criterion 9
Criterion 10

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

of timber.
Stocking rearing will not be included as an
agricultural intensification activity. Crop
management practices that minimize
emissions, such as conservation tillage,
composting and no burning of farm residues,
will be employed.
A mosaic pattern of deforestation can beobserved around the project area over thereference period. The image below displays
deforested areas in the vicinity of the project
area over the reference period in pink. See
annex for details.

・ Copy all descriptions specified in the approved methodology(ies) for each criterion.
・ Provide a comprehensive explanation supported by detailed project information of how
the project meets each eligibility criterion.
・ Details may be provided in the annex.

C. Calculation of emission reductions
C.1. Identification of all carbon pools and GHG sources relevant to the JCM project
Carbon pools and GHG sources
Included / Justification of inclusion or exclusion
listed in the applied methodology
excluded(Y/N)
Project reference level
CarbonY
Required by methodology. Accounts for
pools
about 65% of total forest carbon stock inAbove groundlowland evergreen forest in country
biomass
XYZ (Reference: FFF). Major loss inreference scenario.
Y
Required by methodology. Accounts for
Below groundabout 20% of total forest carbon stock
biomass(Reference: FFF). Major loss inreference scenario.
16

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

Y

LitterN

Required by methodology. Lying andstanding deadwood account for about
10% of total forest carbon stock(Reference: FFF). Major loss inreference scenario.
Not required by methodology.

Soil organic carbonN

Not required by methodology.

CH4 in biomassburning
N2O in biomassburning
Project net emissions
CarbonAbove groundpools
biomass
Below groundbiomass
Dead wood
LitterSoil organic carbon
GHG
CH4 in biomasssourcesburning
N2O in biomassburning
CO2 in combustionof fossil fuels

Y

Required by methodology.

Y

Required by methodology.

Y

Required by methodology.

Y

Required by methodology.

Y
N
N
Y

Required by methodology.
Not required by methodology.
Not required by methodology.
Required by methodology.

Y

Required by methodology.

Y

Required by methodology. Emissions
anticipated from use of fuel fortransportation of agricultural inputs andorganic produce.

Deadwood

GHG
sources・ List all carbon pools and GHG sources covered in the applied methodology(ies).
・ Identify whether each carbon pool and GHG source is included in the calculation ofemission reductions. Justify the inclusion or exclusion of each pool and source.
・ Carbon pools and GHG sources can be excluded if their exclusion leads to conservative
estimates of the emission reductions.
C.2. Establishment of project reference level
Reference area and period17

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

Map

Total size
970,996 ha.
Justification The requirements for the reference area of the applied methodology are “Thereference area is similar to the project area regarding the drivers ofdeforestation and/or forest degradation, landscape configuration, socioeconomic and cultural conditions.”
Drivers of deforestation and/or forest degradation
All forest in the reference region and project area is pemanent forest estate.
There are no protected areas, logging concessions or land development
concessions in the province. Forest clearance in the project area and reference
area is the result of local and migrant communities clearing forest for
agriculture and forest fires. Road access to the forest may be slightly higher
for the project area than average accessibility for the reference region. The
population density around the project area is similar to other rural areas in thereference region.
Landscape configuration
The elevation and slope in the reference region and the project area are within
8%. The soil types are similar, consisting mostly of Acrisols and Leptosols.
Socio-economic and cultural conditions
The primary rural activity across the province is smallholder agriculture forsubsistence and supplying local markets. There are no economic activities
that concentrate forest disturbance or clearance in specific areas. Migrantcommunities moving into the area are settling across the province, mostly
along road links, with no noticeable concentrations in particular areas.
Relative size
The provincial boundaries of province XYZ were selected as the boundariesof the reference area. The reference area is thus 58 times larger than the
project area.
PeriodFurther details are provided in the annex.
2001-201518

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

・ Provide a map displaying the geographical boundaries of the reference area and the
project area as well as other geographical information that aids comprehension of thereference area location. The accuracy of imagery analyses of land use classification is 80
percent or higher.
・ Provide the total size of the reference area in hectares.
・ Explain how the reference area is similar to the project area regarding drivers ofdeforestation and/or forest degradation, landscape configuration, and socio-economic andcultural conditions. List any additional requirements for the reference area set by theapplied methodology(ies) and explain how the reference area meets these requirements.
・ The reference period dates back at least 10 years from the start of the project and, if theapplied methodology/ies sets a maximum date back period, it must not exceed the
maximum date back period.

Approach, procedure and data to establish the project reference level
Approach
Carbon stock change and GHG emissions for each period (RLy) is calculated
andusing Equation 1: RLy = ΔCSref y * 44/12 + Lfire_ref y.
procedure
Carbon stock change at year y is projected using Equation 2: ΔCSref y = Σ (Cyri- Cyri+1) / Σ (yri+1 - yri) and Equation 3: Cyr = Σ Ci,j,yr = Σ (Ai,yr * EFi,j).
Carbon stock during the reference period was calculated for 6 points in time. 6classified land cover maps were generated from Landsat images for thereference period using a GIS. All classified images were classified withaccuracy of greater than 90%.
Example of classification report, Dec. 2015:
Image LC81270502015342LGN00
Class
Area (ha)Percentage %Primary forest
263,085
27.1
Secondary forest 233,169
24.0
Cropland
462,658
47.6
Water bodies
12,084
1.2
Totals970,996
100.0
Carbon stock was estimated for each of the 6 years from the area of each land
cover stratum and the associated emissions factor, using default values. For the“in-between” years, carbon stock change across each interval was allocatedequally between the years, assuming a linear rate of deforestation anddegradation. Following this procedure, carbon stock was estimated for each of
the 15 years in the reference period.
In line with the methodology, the interval with the highest change in carbon
stock (2007-2009) was excluded from the calculation of RLy.
CH4 and N2O emissions from forest fires are projected using Equation 4:
19

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

Lfire_ref,y = Σyr Lfire_ref,yr / nyr and Equation 5: Lfire_ref,y = ABi,yr * MBi * Cf * Gef *10-3 * GWP.
Burnt area (ABi,yr) for each period was calculated by identifying fire scars
using the same Landsat images as were used for the carbon stock data. Fire
scars are spectrally and visually distinct and can thus be identified byclassification algorithms. Burnt area is considered a transition land cover, so
was reclassified either as forest land or cropland. Lfire_ref y was calculated as theaverage annual emissions from forest fires over the reference period using all
6 Landsat images.
A complete description of the procedures (including image pre-processing,classification and accuracy assessment), results and quality controls for theestablishment of the reference level is provided in the annex.
Data
Remote sensing data used (parameters Ai,yr ABi,yr)
SourceUSGSGLOVISUSGSGLOVISUSGSGLOVISUSGSGLOVISUSGSGLOVISUSGSGLOVIS

Type
Satellite,
Multispectral
Satellite,
Multispectral
Satellite,
Multispectral
Satellite,
Multispectral
Satellite,
Multispectral
Satellite,
Multispectral

Resolution
30 m

Acquisition date
XX/XX/XXXX

30 m

XX/XX/XXXX

30 m

XX/XX/XXXX

30 m

XX/XX/XXXX

30 m

XX/XX/XXXX

30 m

XX/XX/XXXX

Justification
Cloud cover <15% for all
images. All
images fromsame season.

Non-remote sensing geographical and spatial data (parameter DEy)
Map

Type

SourceMinimum
mapping unit

Locationofvillagesandsettlemen
ts
Road
Maps

ShapefileDept. of Geography< 30 mShapefileDept. of Geography; Open Stree Map,
https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=5/51.5
00/-0.100
Dept. of Geography< 30 mProvincialboundari
esShapefile< 30 mEmissions factors
Parameter
Emission factor(carbon stock perValue
200 tC ha-1

SourceReference:
2006 IPCC

20

Justification
The value is more conservative
than other estimates for similar

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

hectare) in above
ground biomass inprimary forest,
EF1,1

Emission factor(carbon stock per
hectare) in above
ground biomass insecondary forest,
EF2,1
Emission factor(carbon stock per
hectare) in above
ground biomass incropland, EF4,1
Ratio to belowground biomass of
all types of forest,
RAtoB

Relationsh
ip withnational or
subnationalreferencelevelsGuidelines
Vol.4 (Table
2.2, 2.3).

100 tC ha-1

Reference:
2006 IPCC
Guidelines
Vol.4 (Table
2.2, 2.3).

30 tC ha-1

Reference:
2006 IPCC
Guidelines
Vol.4 (Table
2.2, 2.3).
Reference:
2006 IPCC
Guidelines
Vol.4 (Table
2.2, 2.3).

37.0

forest types (Reference: GGG,
HHH). As a pilot exercise, 10
sample plots were establishedand measured in the project
area. The average carbon stockin above ground biomass fromthese plots was 230±9 (1 std.
dev.) tC ha. This is higher thanthe IPCC default, despite
degradation due tooverharvesting of fuelwood andtimber. The IPCC default was
selected as a conservative
measure. Details provided inannex.
2006 IPCC Guidelines default ismore conservative than found inother studies (Reference GGG,
Reference HHH).

No values from local orregional studies available.

Destructive sampling under one
study in country XYZ produced
a slightly higher but
nevertheless comparable rootshoot ratio (Reference III).

N/A・ Describe the approach and procedure used to establish the project reference level in linewith “4. Concepts for REDD-plus in the JCM” in “Joint Crediting Mechanism Guidelines
for Developing Proposed Methodology for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation andForest Degradation, and the Role of Conservation, Sustainable Management of Forests
and Enhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks in Developing Countries” and the applied
methodology(ies).
・ Provide information on the data used to establish the project reference level, including
parameters, values, sources and justification.
・ Details may be provided in the Annex.
C.3. Estimation of project net emissions
Estimation of project net emissions (excluding displaced emissions)
Project net emissions at year y during the monitoring period are estimated using Equation 6:
21

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

PEy = ΔCSPJ,y* 44/12 + Lfire_PJ,y + Eenergy,PJ,y + DEy
Carbon stock change at year y (ΔCSPJ,y) is determined according to the projected land use
transitions in the project area in the absence of the project and the effectiveness of project
activities.
Land cover transitions
The two land cover transitions projected for the project area are transition from primary
forest to cropland and from primary forest to secondary forest. The ratio of these twotransitions in the project area is taken from the average ratio in the reference region during
the reference period, i.e. primary forest to cropland = 0.4 primary forest to secondary forest= 0.6.
Effectiveness of project activities
Conversion of primary forest to cropland
The activities to stop the transition of primary forest to cropland in the project area are
anticipated to be 100 per cent effective from Year 1. Establishment of the community
forests, implementation of the Community Forest Management Plans and patrols are
expected to stop all encroachment in the project area.
Conversion of primary forest to secondary forest
Conversion of primary to secondary forest occurs when primary forests are destroyed byforest fires and replaced by naturally regenerated secondary forest. The implementation offorest management plans and the establishment of voluntary fire brigades are expected togradually reduce forest fires in the project area, starting at 10% reduction in Year 1, andreaching a maximum of 50% by Year 5. All burnt forests are assumed to be replaced bysecondary forest.
Amount of CO2 emissions from energy use
Amount of CO2 emissions from energy use is calculated using Equation 11: Eenergy,PJ,p = LCy* CC * ODU * 44/12. It is assumed that on average 600 litres of automotive fuel would be
used per month for transporting equipment and produce to and from the organic farms.
Complete details for estimation of project net emissions are provided in the annex.
・ Describe the procedures for the estimation of project net emissions (excluding displacedemissions) covering all carbon pools and GHG sources in line with the applied
methodology(ies).
・ Details may be provided in the Annex.
Estimation of displaced emissions
Reasons for Displacement of emissions is included as it is anticipated that if the project isincluding /implemented the agents of deforestation (migrant and local communities) will
excludingclear forests in the surrounding area as they are seeking to open up more land
displaced
for cropping. It is also anticipated that some hunters who are no longer able
emissionsto hunt in the project area will move to other areas to hunt using fires.
Ways andEmissions displacement is estimated by assessing the potential for and likely
means toextent of activity shifting.
estimateemissions
Local and migrant communities clearing forest for agriculture
displacement The expansion of croplands in the project area will not be permitted under theapproved Community Forest Management Plans. It is anticipated that the
introduction of certified organic farming will increase farmer net annual22

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

household revenues by 100-200%. However project and migrantcommunities denied access to the project area for agriculture may clear forest
in other areas. The projected annual rate of clearance for agriculture in the
project area based on the analysis of deforestation drivers and land usechange in the reference area during the reference period is 31.1 ha/yr. Without
the project, due to population growth this can be anticipated to increase by anadditional 5 ha/year. It is assumed that 100% of the forest clearance in the
project area would be displaced to other adjacent areas that lie within thedisplacement monitoring belt in the first year, but that this will decrease by
10% per year as the organic farming begins to provide additional income tofarmers. With these assumptions, the total area of forest clearance displacedby the project in the first 5-year monitoring period is 159.4 ha.
Forest fires
Hunters who use fires and are denied access to the forest area are expected tomove their hunting activities to the displacement monitoring belt. About halfof the hunters are farmers in the project communities and are expected to stop
their hunting using fires to focus on the certified organic agriculture. The
other half of the hunters are from migrant communities and can be expected
to move their hunting to other areas once the project is introduced. It is thus
assumed that 50% of fires that would have been caused by hunters in the
project area in the absence of the project are displaced.
Timber and fuelwood for local use
Carbon stock is expected to increase in the project area because the project isanticipated to reduce the extraction of timber and fuelwood to sustainablelevels. Woodlots will be planted to reduce demand on the forest, but theycannot be harvested until Year 6. For the first 5-year monitoring period, it isassumed that 100% of the avoided emissions from overharvesting of timberand fuelwood will be displaced to the displacement belt. However, any
increase in carbon stock in the project area from a reduction in the extractionof timber and fuelwood is excluded from the project accounting; hence
displacement of this activity is also excluded from the accounting.
The calculations to estimate displaced emissions and the results are provided
in the annex.
Total size ofdisplacement 121,837 ha
belt

23

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

Map of thedisplacement
belt

Explanation
for setting
theboundariesof thedisplacement
belt

Accessibility to the forest can have a significant impact on deforestation
rates. Deforestation is likely to be higher in areas with road and track accessthan areas without such access. Therefore, to establishing the boundaries ofthe displacement belt a cost-weighted distance value was used around eachproject site, rather than a constant distance buffer. The boundary of thedisplacement belt was delineated by selecting a cost threshold below whichdisplacement was expected to be likely. Data was obtained locally from
community surveys to establish the thresholds. Travel in areas without roads
and on tracks and paths is by foot or bicycle, with a travel speed of about 1.0
km/hr. Travel on roads is by bike or tractor and is about 5 km/hr. It was
assumed that households are prepared to travel up to 5 km/day for theiragriculture when travelling only by tracks and paths, and 15 km/day whentravelling by roads. See annex for further details.

・ Give the reasons for including / not including displaced emissions in the estimation ofproject net emissions. Note that any decrease in carbon stocks and increase of GHG
emission from outside of the project area that are reasonably attributable to the project
activities are quantified and accounted as displaced net emissions, while any increase incarbon stocks and decrease of GHG emissions compared to the situation without the
project outside the project area due to the project activities are excluded from theaccounting.
・ Describe the ways and means applied to estimate the displacement of emissions in linewith the applied methodology(ies).
・ When the applied methodology(ies) requires the establishment of a displacement belt tomonitor displaced emissions, provide:・ The total size of the displacement belt in hectares;・ A map of the displacement belt;・ The process for setting the boundaries of the displacement belt
・ When the applied methodology(ies) do not require the establishment of a displacement
belt, write “N/A” in the relevant cells.
・ Details may be provided in the Annex.

24JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

C.4. Discount factor for the risk of reversals
Applied discount factor (%)
30
Approach for setting the discount Default set by applied methodology.
factor・ Provide the discount factor used to account for the risk of reversals.
・ Explain the approach for setting the discount factor in line with the applied
methodology(ies).
・ Details may be provided in the Annex.
C.5. Ex ante estimation of emission reductions
Year
Estimated
Estimated
Estimated
Estimated Emission
Project
Project Net
Emission
Reductions to be CreditedReference
Emissions
Reductions(tCO2e)Level (tCO2e)(tCO2e)(tCO2e)AB
C=A–B
D = C * (1-Discount factor)
2018
112,836
45,161
67,67547,373
2019
112,836
45,161
67,67547,373
2020
112,836
45,161
67,67547,3732021
112,836
45,161
67,67547,3732022
112,836
45,161
67,67547,373
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
Total
564,180
225,805
338,375
236,863(tCO2e)・ Summarize the results of the ex ante estimation of emission reductions for all years of themonitoring period using the table above.
・ The table presents the aggregate emission reductions of the project. Separate tables fordifference project components, if more than one, and each approved methodology that is
applied, if more than one, should be provided in the Annex.
D. Environmental impact assessment
Legal requirement of environmental impact
assessment for the proposed project

No.

・ Answer “YES” or “NO” depending on whether the proposed project is subject to an
environmental impact assessment according to national or local regulations.
・ If YES, provide the conclusions of the environmental impact assessment in the Annex.
・ If relevant, this information may also be provided in the Safeguards Implementation Plan
(SGIP) form.

25

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

E. Local stakeholder consultation
E.1. Solicitation of comments from local stakeholders
A provincial stakeholder workshop was held in province XYZ and was well attended by all
the major stakeholders identified by the project (see Criterion (b) Safeguards
Implementation Plan in SGIP). A number of questions were raised and answered. The
agenda of the workshop, the participants list and a full record of the discussions can berequested from the project participants.
・ Describe the process by which comments from local stakeholders have been invited for the
proposed project.
・ If relevant, this information may also be provided in the Safeguards Implementation Plan
(SGIP) form.
E.2. Summary and consideration of comments received
Stakeholders
Traditional
leaders from local
communities

Provincial Forest
OfficeProvincial
Forest OfficeComments received“It is important for ourcommunities tomanage the forests
well for our future
generations. We
support the projectidea.” “Can we be
confident that theorganic agriculture
will be successful?”“The project idea isrelevant to theprovincial forest
management and land
use plans. It is
important that the
project supports
country XYZ’s forest
policies and strategy.”

Consideration of comments received
The project includes intensive scientificmonitoring and adoption of proven methods
and practices, which are expected to generatehigh yields of quality organic produce. As
safeguards to ensure community net benefits,a small grants programme for community
projects and a microfinance scheme formicro-enterprises in the project communities
will be implemented.
Consultations with the Ministry of Forestry,
Ministry of Environment and Department ofLands were conducted to ensure the project
design is fully aligned with national policies
and programmes. The records of thesemeetings can be requested from the project
participants.

N/A・ Identify stakeholders that have made comments and provide a summary of these comments.
・ Explain how due consideration has given to the comments received.

F. References
AAA,
BBB,
CCC,
…
Provide a list of references used to support the descriptions in the PDD, if any.
26

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

Annex(For sake of brevity, the annex of the example given above is not provided in these guidelines.)

 Use appropriate numbering and subheadings for easy reference to the relevant sections of
the PDD. Use a row for each section of the Annex. Additional rows may be added.

Revision history of PDD
Version
Date
01.0

DD/MM/YYYY

Contents revisedFirst edition27

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

4.2. Developing a Monitoring Plan
25. Project participants develop before validation a monitoring plan using Monitoring Plan Sheetand Monitoring Structure Sheet in the corresponding Monitoring Spreadsheet of themethodology applied. The monitoring plan utilizes data and estimates from the National
Forest Monitoring System or from any relevant sub-national monitoring system, as
appropriate.
26. Project participants input estimated values for each parameter in the Monitoring Plan Sheet
including those fixed ex ante for parameters not to be monitored.
27. Project participants also describe the following items for each parameter specified in the
Monitoring Plan Sheet in line with the applied methodology(ies). Project participants may
add detailed information specific to the proposed project to the contents given in the applied
methodology.
(a) Estimated values: Provide the estimated values of the parameter for the purpose of
calculating emission reductions ex ante;(b) Monitoring option: Select an option from below;(i)

Option A: Based on public data which is measured by entities other than the
project participants (Data used: publicly recognized data such as statistical
data and specifications);(ii)

Option B: Based on the amount of transaction which is measured directly
using measuring equipments (Data used: commercial evidence such as
invoices);(iii)

Option C: Based on the actual measurement using measuring equipments(Data used: measured values).

(c) Source of data: Provide the source of data used or to be used. Clearly indicate thetype of data source (e.g. official statistics, surveys, measured value, etc.) and spatial
level of data (e.g. local, regional, national, international), if applicable;(d) Measurement methods and procedures: Describe how the parameters are to bemeasured/calculated including Quality Assurance/Quality Control (hereinafterreferred to as “QA/QC”) procedures applied. If the parameter will be measured,
describe the equipments to be used to measure it, including details on accuracy level,
and calibration information (frequency, date of calibration and validity) in line withsection 4.3 below;(e) Monitoring frequency: Describe the monitoring frequency (e.g. continuously,
annually).
28. The project participants ensure that data monitored and required for verification and issuancebe kept and archived electronically for two years after the final issuance of credits.
28

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

29. In the Monitoring Structure Sheet, the project participants describe the operational andmanagement structure to be implemented in order to conduct monitoring. The project
participants establish and clearly indicate the roles and responsibilities of personnel,
institutional arrangements, and procedures for data collection, archiving and reporting.
30. The project participants appoint a person who is responsible for overall monitoring activity
including preparation of the monitoring report, and managing and archiving of data. The
responsible person for monitoring:(a)Ensures the quality of the monitoring report and the structure and procedure for
producing such a document;(b)Appoints a person(s) responsible for managing monitoring points, when necessary,to collect data and maintain and control measuring instruments (including
calibration/regular inspection) at monitoring points.

4.3. Preparing for actual measurement1
31. For monitoring of parameters under Option C (i.e. parameters monitored through actual
measurement), the project participants determine the frequency of calibration following theparagraphs 32, 33 and 34 below, unless otherwise stated in the applied methodology, anddescribe the frequency in the Monitoring Plan Sheet in line with paragraph 27(d).
32. The monitoring for carbon pools under Option C should be conducted using a combinationof remote sensing and ground-based survey(s). The best available technology, including
novel satellite observation technologies, may be employed to build effective GHG
monitoring systems.
33. The monitoring for carbon pools under Option C is implemented by people who haveadequate relevant monitoring experience and qualifications. If any parts of the monitoringare conducted by people with less relevant experience, such as members of local
communities, appropriate procedures for quality assurance and quality control are
implemented.2
1

The following documents may be referred to in developing a monitoring plan and in
conducting the monitoring,
REDD-plus Cookbook: How to measure and monitor forest carbon,” Forestry and Forest
Products Research Institute, 2012: www.ffpri.affrc.go.jp/redd-rdc/ja/reference/cookbook.html
A sourcebook of methods and procedures for monitoring and reporting anthropogenic
greenhouse gas emissions and removals associated with deforestation, gains and losses ofcarbon stocks in forests remaining forests, and forestation”, GOFC-GOLD, 2015:
http://www.gofcgold.wur.nl/redd/sourcebook/GOFC-GOLD_Sourcebook.pdf
2
The following guide may be referred to when engaging local communities in monitoring for
REDD-plus projects under the JCM: “Community Based Forest Biomass Monitoring - Trainingof Trainers Manual,” Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, 2014:
https://pub.iges.or.jp/pub/community-based-forest-biomass-monitoring-0
29

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

30

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0<Example of a Monitoring Plan Sheet (Input Sheet)>
Monitoring Plan Sheet (Input Sheet) [Attachment to Project Design Document]
Table 1: Parameters to be monitored ex post(a)
Monitoring
point No.

(b)Parameters(c)Description of data

(d)

(e)

Estimated
ValuesUnits(f)Monitoring
option(g)
Source of data

(h)

(i)

(j)

Measurement methods andMonitoring

Other

procedures

frequency

comments

Analyzing multispectral optical

(1)

Ai,y

Area of stratum (= land use type) i at year
ym during monitoring period.

→Table 1-a.

ha

Option C

USGS

satellite imagery. QA/QC: Experts

GLOVIS,

process images, with double-

Once every

used for ex

Table 1-a isLandsatchecks included in classification

three years

post

imagery

and accuracy assessment

monitoring.

procedures.
USGS
(2)

ABi,y

Area burnt in stratum (= land use type) i
at year ym during monitoring period.

→Table 1-a.

ha

Option C

GLOVIS,
LandsatimageryEF1,1hectare) in above ground biomass in

200

tC ha-1

Option C

Forest sampling

primary forest
(4)

(5)

EF1,2

LCym

Emission factor (carbon stock per
hectare) of dead wood, all types of forest
Project fuel consumption during year ym
during monitoring period.

(6)

DECO2,ym

during year ym during monitoring period.

14

tC ha-1

Option C

Forest sampling→Table 1-b.

TJ

Option B

DEfire,ym

postmonitoringof community teams;

Once every

Remeasurement of 10% of plots;

three years

Forest sampling. Same as (3)Once every
three years
Table 1-b is

Project records.

Duplicates of fuel receipts madeOnce a year

and archived.

5,419

tCO2e

Option C

Displacement of CH4 and N2O emissions(7)

three years

Sum of fuel receipts. QA/QC:

GLOVIS,
Landsatimagery

during year ym during monitoring period.

used for ex

Check for anomalies at data entry.

USGS
Displacement of net CO2 emissions

satellite imagery. QA/QC: Same as(1)

Table 1-a isOnce every

Forest sampling. QA/QC: Training

Emission factor (carbon stock per(3)

Analyzing multispectral optical

USGS
450

tCO2e

Option C

GLOVIS,
Landsatimagery

31

Analyzing multispectral opticalsatellite imagery. QA/QC: Same as(1)
Analyzing multispectral opticalsatellite imagery. QA/QC: Same as(1)

used for expostmonitoringOnce every
three years

Once every
three years

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0
Table 1-a. Area of stratum i and area burnt in stratum i at year ym during monitoring period(1) Forest area (ha): Ai,y(2) Burnt area (ha): ABi,yYear during thePrimary forest
Secondary forest
CroplandPrimary forest
Secondary forest
monitoring period
A1,y
A2,y
A3,y
AB1,y
AB2,y

Cropland
AB3,y

ym1

17,266

134

0

134

0

0

ym2

17,147

253

0

119

0

0

ym3

17,042

358

0

104

0

0

ym4

16,953

447

0

89

0

0

ym5

16,879

522

0

74

0

0

Table 1-b. Project fuel consumptionYear(3) Project fuel consumption (TJ):
LCy

ymf1
ymf2
ymf3
ymf4
ymf5
Table 2: Project-specific parameters to be fixed ex ante
(a)

(b)

Parameters

Description of data(c)
Estimated
value

(d)

(e)

(f)

Units

Source of data

Other comments

Various. Related to the drivers of deforestation
ARE

Size of reference area

970,996haand/or forest degradation, landscapeconfiguration, socio-economic and cultural
conditions

APJ

Size of project area

17,400ha

ADB

Size of displacement belt

121,837haAi,yrSize of stratum (= land use type) i at year yr during the reference period.

→Table 2-a.

ha

ABi,yrSize burnt in stratum (= land use type) i at year yr during the reference period.

DF

Discount Factor→Table 2-a.

ha

30

%

Table 2-a. Area of stratum i and area burnt in stratum i at year yr during reference period

32

Decided by project proponents
Various. Related to mobility of
deforestation/degradation agentsUSGS
GLOVIS, Landsat imagery
USGS
GLOVIS, Landsat imagery
Default value is 30%

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0
Year during the(1) Forest area (ha): Ai,yr(2) Burnt area (ha): ABi,yr

Primary forest

Secondary forest

CroplandPrimary forest

Secondary forest

Cropland

A1,y

A2,y

A4,y

AB1,y

AB2,y

AB4,y

2001

354,000

293,000

365,000

2,600

330

40,5002002

350,333

290,667

368,667

2,600

330

40,5002003

346,667

288,333

372,333

2,600

330

40,5002004

343,000

286,000

376,000

2,300

660

41,7002005

339,667

284,000

379,667

2,300

660

41,7002006

336,333

282,000

383,333

2,300

660

41,7002007

333,000

280,000

387,000

9,300

1,660

42,9002008

322,333

272,667

398,333

9,300

1,660

42,9002009

311,667

265,333

409,667

9,300

1,660

42,9002010

301,000

258,000

421,000

5,600

1,330

46,7002011

294,333

253,667

428,333

5,600

1,330

46,7002012

287,667

249,333

435,667

5,600

1,330

46,7002013

281,000

245,000

443,000

3,300

660

51,2002014

275,000

241,000

449,333

3,300

660

51,2002015

269,000

237,000

455,667

3,300

660

51,200reference period

Table 3: Ex ante estimation of CO2 emission reductions
CO2 emission reductions
236,863

Units
tCO2/p[Monitoring option]
Option A

Based on public data which is measured by entities other than the project participants (Data used: publicly recognized data such as statistical data andOption B

Based on the amount of transaction which is measured directly using measuring equipment (Data used: commercial evidence such as invoices)

Option C

Based on actual measurement using measuring equipment (Data used: measured values)

specifications)・ For the “Parameters to be monitored ex post” (Table 1), provide information for each of the items as follows:・ Parameter: Provide the parameters used in equations in the proposed methodology;・ Description of data: Provide a clear and unambiguous description of the data underlying the parameter;・ Estimated value: Provide the estimated value;
33

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0
・ Unit: Use the relevant International System Unit (for SI units, refer to <http://www.bipm.fr/enus/3_SI/si.html>)
・ Monitoring option: Select option(s) from below. If appropriate, provide the order of priority and the conditions when the options are chosen.
 Option A: Based on public data which is measured by entities other than the project participants (Data used: publicly recognized data such as
statistical data and specifications, IPCC Guidelines, etc.)
 Option B: Based on the amount of a transaction which is measured directly using measuring equipments (Data used: commercial evidence suchas invoices) Option C: Based on actual measurement using measuring equipments, including equipment for remote-sensing and ground-based survey (Data
used: measured values)
・ Source of data: Provide a description of which data source should be used to determine the parameter. Clearly indicate how the values are to be selected andjustified, for example, by explaining: What types of sources are suitable (official statistics, expert judgment, proprietary data, IPCC Guidelines, commercial and scientific literature,etc.);
 What spatial level of data is suitable (local, regional, national, international).
・ Basic description of measurement methods and procedures: For option B and C, provide a short description of the measurement procedures or reference toappropriate standards. Provide complete descriptions of the measurement methods and procedures and QA/QC procedures in sections 2. Monitoring Procedures
and 4. QA/QC, respectively, in the Monitoring Structure and Procedures Sheet.
・ Monitoring frequency: Describe the frequency of monitoring (e.g. continuously, annually, etc.).
・ Comments: Provide comments to elaborate the monitoring of each parameter not covered by the items above, when appropriate.
・ Where applicable, adhere to the instructions provided above when completing the table “Parameters to be fixed ex ante” (Table 2). Data that is determined only onceand remains fixed should be considered under “I. Data and parameters fixed ex ante” in the applied methodology.

34

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0<Example of a Monitoring Plan Sheet (Calculation Process Sheet)>
Monitoring Plan Sheet (Calculation Process Sheet)[Attachment to Project Design Document]
1. Calculations for project emission reductions to becredited

Pool / Sources

Value

Project emission reductions to be credited during theperiod p

Para
mete
r

Units

236,863

tCO2e

ERcredt,p

2. Basic data of the projectSize of reference area

Carbon stock and biomass burning

970,996ha

ARE

Size of project area

Carbon stock and biomass burning

17,400ha

APJ

Size of displacement belt

Carbon stock and biomass burning

121,837

ha

ADB

Monitoring start date

2017

Y1

Monitoring end date

2021

Y5

3. Selected default values
Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) in above
ground biomass in primary forest

Above ground biomass

200

tC ha-1

EF1,1

Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) in above
ground biomass in secondary forest

Above ground biomass

100

tC ha-1

EF2,1

Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) in above
ground biomass in cropland

Above ground biomass

30

tC ha-1

EF3,1

Ratio to below-ground biomass of all types of forest

Below-ground biomass

37.0

%

RAtoB

Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) of dead wood,
all types of forest

Dead woodtC ha-1

EF1,2

Mass of fuel available for combustion * Combustion
factor in primary forest

Biomass burning

119.6 *
0.36

t ha-1MB1 *Cf

Mass of fuel available for combustion * Combustion
factor in secondary forest

Biomass burning

42.2 *
0.55

t ha-1MB2 *Cf

Mass of fuel available for combustion * Combustion
factor in cropland

Biomass burning

5.5 *
0.80

t ha-1MB4 *Cf

Emission factor for forest fires (CH4)

Biomass burning

6.8

g kgdmburnt-1

GefCH4Emission factor for forest fires (N2O)

Biomass burning

0.2

g kgdmburnt-1

GefN2O

Global Warming Potential (CH4)

Biomass burning

25

-

GWP

Global Warming Potential (N2O)

Biomass burning

298

-

GWP

Carbon content of oil (Gasoline)

Combustion of fossil fuels fromtransport and machinery use

18.7

Oxidized during use factor

Combustion of fossil fuels fromtransport and machinery use

1.0

14

kt-C TJ1

CC

-

ODU

tCO2e

RLy

4. Calculations for project reference level
Project reference level at year y112,836

Monitoring year during reference period

2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015

yr1
yr2
yr3
yr4
yr5
yr6
yr7
yr8
yr9
yr10
yr11
yr12
yr13
yr14
yr15

35

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

Carbon stock change at year y
Carbon stock at yr1

30,072tC

111,050,000

tC

ΔCSref y

Primary forest

Carbon stock

354,000

ha

Secondary forest

Carbon stock

293,000haA1,yr1A2,yr1

Cropland

Carbon stock

365,000haA3,yr1A1,yr2

110,193,310

Carbon stock at year yr2
Primary forest

Carbon stock

350,333

ha

Secondary forest

Carbon stock

290,667ha

A2,yr2

Cropland

Carbon stock

368,667ha

A3,yr2A1,yr3

109,336,390

Carbon stock at year yr3
Primary forest

Carbon stock

346,667ha

Secondary forest

Carbon stock

288,333ha

A2,yr3

Cropland

Carbon stock

372,333ha

A3,yr3A1,yr4

108,480,000

Carbon stock at year yr4
Primary forest

Carbon stock

343,000

ha

Secondary forest

Carbon stock

286,000haA2,yr4

Cropland

Carbon stock

376,000haA3,yr4

A1,yr5

107,723,410

Carbon stock at year yr5
Primary forest

Carbon stock

339,667ha

Secondary forest

Carbon stock

284,000haA2,yr5

Cropland

Carbon stock

379,667ha

A3,yr5A1,yr6

106,996,590

Carbon stock at year yr6
Primary forest

Carbon stock

336,333

ha

Secondary forest

Carbon stock

282,000haA2,yr6

Cropland

Carbon stock

383,333ha

A3,yr6

A1,yr7106,210,000

Carbon stock at year yr7
Primary forest

Carbon stock

333,000

ha

Secondary forest

Carbon stock

280,000haA2,yr7

Cropland

Carbon stock

387,000haA3,yr7A1,yr8103,683,290

Carbon stock at year yr8
Primary forest

Carbon stock

322,333

ha

Secondary forest

Carbon stock

272,667ha

A2,yr8Cropland

Carbon stock

398,333ha

A3,yr8A1,yr9101,156,
710

Carbon stock at year yr9
Primary forest

Carbon stock

311,667ha

Secondary forest

Carbon stock

265,333ha

A2,yr9Cropland

Carbon stock409,667ha

A3,yr998,630,000

Carbon stock at year yr10
Primary forest

Carbon stock

301,000haA1,yr10

Secondary forest

Carbon stock

258,000haA2,yr10

Cropland

Carbon stock

421,000haA3,yr1036

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

97,083,2
90

Carbon stock at year yr11
Primary forest

Carbon stock

294,333

ha

Secondary forest

Carbon stock

253,667ha

A1,yr11A2,yr11

Cropland

Carbon stock

428,333ha

A3,yr11A1,yr12

95,536,7
10

Carbon stock at year yr12
Primary forest

Carbon stock

287,667ha

Secondary forest

Carbon stock

249,333ha

A2,yr12

Cropland

Carbon stock

435,667ha

A3,yr1293,990,000

Carbon stock at year yr13
Primary forest

Carbon stock

281,000haA1,yr13

Secondary forest

Carbon stock

245,000haA2,yr13

Cropland

Carbon stock

443,000haA3,yr1392,579,990

Carbon stock at year yr14
Primary forest

Carbon stock

275,000haA1,yr14

Secondary forest

Carbon stock

241,000haA2,yr14

Cropland

Carbon stock

449,333ha

A3,yr14

91,170,010

Carbon stock at year yr15
Primary forest

Carbon stock

269,000haA1,yr15

Secondary forest

Carbon stock

237,000haA2,yr15

Cropland

Carbon stock

455,667ha

A3,yr15
Lfire_ref y

Non-CO2 emissions from forest fires at year y

2,573

tCO2e

Non-CO2 emission at year yr1

68,376tCO2eArea of burnt primary forest at yr1

Biomass burning

2,600

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr1

Biomass burning

330

ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr1

Biomass burning

45,000ha

68,376tCO2e

Non-CO2 emission at year yr2
Area of burnt primary forest at yr2

Biomass burning

2,600

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr2

Biomass burning

330

ha

Biomass burning

45,
000

ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr2

Non-CO2 emission at year yr3

68,376hatCO2eArea of burnt primary forest at yr3

Biomass burning

2,600

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr3

Biomass burning

330

ha

Biomass burning

45,
000

ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr3

Non-CO2 emission at year yr4

ha68,381tCO2eArea of burnt primary forest at yr4

Biomass burning

2,300

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr4

Biomass burning

660

ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr4

Biomass burning

41,700ha

68,381tCO2e

Non-CO2 emission at year yr5
Area of burnt primary forest at yr5

Biomass burning

2,300

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr5

Biomass burning

660

ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr5

Biomass burning

41,
700

ha

37

ha

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

Non-CO2 emission at year yr6

68,381tCO2eArea of burnt primary forest at yr6

Biomass burning

2,300

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr6

Biomass burning

660

ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr6

Biomass burning

41,
700

ha

Non-CO2 emission at year yr7

144,122hatCO2eArea of burnt primary forest at yr7

Biomass burning

9,300

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr7

Biomass burning

1,660

ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr7

Biomass burning

42,900ha

144,122tCO2e

Non-CO2 emission at year yr8
Area of burnt primary forest at yr8

Biomass burning

9,300

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr8

Biomass burning

1,660

ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr8

Biomass burning

42,900ha

144,122tCO2e

Non-CO2 emission at year yr9
Area of burnt primary forest at yr9

Biomass burning

9,300

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr9

Biomass burning

1,660

ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr9

Biomass burning

42,900ha

109,625

tCO2e

Non-CO2 emission at year yr10
Area of burnt primary forest at yr10

Biomass burning

5,600

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr10

Biomass burning

1,330

ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr10

Biomass burning

46,700ha

109,625

tCO2e

Non-CO2 emission at year yr11
Area of burnt primary forest at yr11

Biomass burning

5,600

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr11

Biomass burning

1,330

ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr11

Biomass burning

46,700ha

109,625

tCO2e

Non-CO2 emission at year yr12
Area of burnt primary forest at yr12

Biomass burning

5,600

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr12

Biomass burning

1,330

ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr12

Biomass burning

46,700ha

Non-CO2 emission at year yr13

87,864tCO2eArea of burnt primary forest at yr13

Biomass burning

3,300

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr13

Biomass burning

660

ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr13

Biomass burning

51,200ha

Non-CO2 emission at year yr14

87,864tCO2eArea of burnt primary forest at yr14

Biomass burning

3,300

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr14

Biomass burning

660

ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr14

Biomass burning

51,200ha

Non-CO2 emission at year yr15

87,864tCO2eArea of burnt primary forest at yr15

Biomass burning

3,300

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr15

Biomass burning

660

ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr15

Biomass burning

51,200ha

45,161tCO2e

5. Calculations of the project net emissions
Project net emissions during year y

PEy

Monitoring year during first monitoring period
2017

ym1

2018

ym2

2019

ym3

38

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

2020

ym4

2021

ym5

Carbon stock changes at year y

10,430tC

Carbon stock at year ym1

3,466,590

tC

Area of primary forest at year ym1

Carbon stock

17,266haArea of secondary forest at year ym1

Carbon stock

134

ha

Area of cropland at year ym1

Carbon stock0ha3,454,670tC

Carbon stock at year ym2
Area of primary forest at year ym2

Carbon stock

17,147haArea of secondary forest at year ym2

Carbon stock

253

ha

Area of cropland at year ym2

Carbon stock0ha3,444,240tC

Carbon stock at year ym3
Area of primary forest at year ym3

Carbon stock

17,042haArea of secondary forest at year ym3

Carbon stock

358

ha

Area of cropland at year ym3

Carbon stock0ha3,435,300tC

Carbon stock at year ym4
Area of primary forest at year ym4

Carbon stock

16,953haArea of secondary forest at year ym4

Carbon stock

447

ha

Area of cropland at year ym4

Carbon stock0ha

3,427,850tC

Carbon stock at year ym5
Area of primary forest at year ym5

Carbon stock

16,879haArea of secondary forest at year ym5

Carbon stock

522

ha

Area of cropland at year ym5

Carbon stock0ha

Non-CO2 emissions from forest fires at year y
Non-CO2 emission at year ym1

1,031

tCO2e

1,326

tCO2e

Area of burnt primary forest at year ym1

Biomass burning

134

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at year
ym1

Biomass burning

0ha

Area of burnt cropland at year ym1

Biomass burning

0ha

Non-CO2 emission at year ym2

1,178

tCO2e

Area of burnt primary forest at year ym2

Biomass burning

119

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at year
ym2

Biomass burning

0ha

Area of burnt cropland at year ym2

Biomass burning

0ha

Non-CO2 emission at year ym3

1,031

tCO2e

Area of burnt primary forest at year ym3

Biomass burning

104

ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at year
ym3

Biomass burning

0ha

Area of burnt cropland at year ym3

Biomass burning

0ha

Non-CO2 emission at year ym4

884

tCO2e

Area of burnt primary forest at year ym4

Biomass burning

89haArea of burnt secondary forest at year
ym4

Biomass burning

0ha

Area of burnt cropland at year ym4

Biomass burning

0ha

Non-CO2 emission at year ym5
Area of burnt primary forest at year ym5

Biomass burning

39

736

tCO2e

74

ha

ΔCSPJ,yLfire_PJ y

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

Area of burnt secondary forest at year
ym5

Biomass burning

0ha

Area of burnt cropland at year ym5

Biomass burning0ha

CO2 emissions from transport and machinery use
during year y
Consumption of oil during year y

17.4

tC02e

0.25

TJ

Carbon content of oil (Gasoline)

Combustion of fossil fuels fromtransport and machinery use

18.7

Oxidized during use factor

Combustion of fossil fuels fromtransport and machinery use

1emissions

during

Displacement of CH4 and N2O emissions during
year monitoring ym due to forest fires

PJ,y

LCy

1

CC

-

ODU

5,869

tCO2e

DEy

5,419

tCO2

Biomass burning

450

tCO2e

N/A

30

%

Displacement of net emissions during the period y
Displacement of CO2
monitoring year ym

kt-C TJ-

Eenergy,

Carbon stock

DECO2,
ym

DEfire,ym

5. Calculation of discount factor
Discount factor<Example of a Monitoring Structure and Procedures Sheet>
Monitoring Structure and Procedures Sheet [Attachment to Project Design Document]
1. Monitoring Participants
Responsible organizations for implementing the methods and procedures for each data
Description of data

Basic description ofOrganizations involved

measurement methods andArea of stratum (= land
use type) i at year ym
during monitoring
period.
Area burnt in stratum(= land use type) i atyear ym during
monitoring period.
Emission factor(carbon stock per
hectare) in above
ground biomass inprimary forest
Emission factor(carbon stock per
hectare) of dead wood,
all types of forest
Project fuelconsumption during
year ym during
monitoring period.
Displacement of net
CO2 emissions during
year ym during

procedures
Analyzing multispectral opticalsatellite imagery

Company DEF, Forest
Department

Analyzing multispectral opticalsatellite imagery

Company DEF, Forest
Department

Forest sampling

NGO ABC, Company DEF,
Forest Department, projectcommunities

Forest sampling

NGO ABC, Company DEF,
Forest Department, projectcommunities

Reviewing project records

Company DEF

Analyzing multispectral opticalsatellite imagery

Company DEF, Forest
Department

40

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

monitoring period.
Displacement of CH4
and N2O emissions
during year ym during
monitoring period.

Analyzing multispectral opticalsatellite imagery

Company DEF, Forest
Department

・ When each data when monitoring options B or C are applied, copy (c) Description of dataand (h) Measurement methods and procedures from Table 1: Parameters to be monitored
ex post in Monitoring Plan Sheet (Input Sheet) and paste the information into the first twocolumns of the table above.
・ Identify the organizations responsible for implementing the methods and procedures foreach data.
・ Additional rows may be added.
Responsible personnel and their roles
Personnel
Forest Division
Head, Company
DEF
Senior Lecturer,
Geography
Department,
University KLM
Forest Division
Head, Company
DEF
International Cooperation Division
Chief, Department ofForestry
Executive Director,
NGO ABC

Role(s)Responsible for overall monitoring and monitoring report
Responsible for remote sensing and GIS analysis

Responsible for forest inventory, including training and supervisingcommunity forest inventory teams, and analysis of fuel consumption
Supporting remote sensing and forest inventory

Supporting training and organization of community inventory teams

・ Provide the positions of the individuals responsible for the monitoring and describe theirroles. When teams are involved, e.g. communities involved in forest inventory, provide theposition of the individual responsible for managing or supervising the monitoring.
・ Additional rows may be added.

2. Monitoring procedures

41

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

Area of stratum (= land use type) i at year ym during monitoring period.
Area burnt in stratum (= land use type) i at year ym during monitoring period.
Displacement of net CO2 emissions during year ym during monitoring period.
Displacement of CH4 and N2O emissions during year ym during monitoring period.
The area of each land use stratum and burnt areas will be monitored through analysis ofLandsat images, using the same procedures for establishing the reference level. Displacementof net CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions will be monitored in the same manner.
Project fuel consumption during year ym during monitoring period.
Monitoring will be conducted using purchase receipts.
Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) in above ground biomass in primary forest.
Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) of dead wood, all types of forest
A forest inventory using permanent sample plots (PSPs) will be conducted in year 1 of the
project and repeated every 3 years. In line with the applied methodology, the number ofsample plots will be determined to provide estimates of the net change in carbon stocks towithin 10 per cent of the true value of the mean at the 95 per cent confidence level. A pilot
survey using 10 PSPs has already been undertaken. From the pilot survey data, a total of 110
PSPs was calculated as necessary to meet this requirement. A field manual in local language
will be developed for the forest sampling, covering plot location, size and dimensions;
measurement equipment; procedures for estimating above ground tree biomass and standing
and lying deadwood; data recording procedures; and QA/QC. Forest Inventory Manual(Department of Forestry, Country XYZ) will be one of the main references for the project
inventory manual.

・ For each data for which options B or C are applied, provide a detailed description of themonitoring procedures.
・ Details may be described in the Annex.

3. Procedures for recording and archiving data
“Standard Operating Procedures for Terrestrial Carbon Measurement”, Winrock International(2012) will be the basic reference for recording and archiving data. The procedures include:· Forest inventory data will be recorded on prepared field sheets and then later enteredinto a MS Excel file. A digital image of each field sheet will be taken before
departing each plot for back up. All field sheets will be filed and digital images will
be stored electronically in labelled folders.
· Fuel purchase receipts will be filed in duplicate.
· Remote sensing data and analysis results will be organized and filed in labelledfolders.
· All electronic files will be backed up on a server.

・ Describe the procedures for recording and archiving monitoring data.
42

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

・ For each data for which options B or C are applied, provide a detailed description of theprocedures・ Details may be described in the Annex.

4. QA/QC procedures

Area of stratum (= land use type) i at year ym during monitoring period.
Area burnt in stratum (= land use type) i at year ym during monitoring period.
Displacement of net CO2 emissions during year ym during monitoring period.
Displacement of CH4 and N2O emissions during year ym during monitoring period.
The following QA/QC procedures are applied to the remote sensing analysis:· Horizontal accuracy assessment of all images used in remote sensing analysis isconducted to ensure proper alignment of images over multiple points in time. Rootmean squared error (RMSE) of the difference between known digitized locations is
calculated to assess linear accuracy of each image. Further QA/QC elements aredescribed in the standard operating procedure, which can be requested from
University KLM.
· Thematic accuracy assessment of all generated maps is conducted using highresolution imagery (5 m) supported by ground-based observations as necessary.
Further QA/QC elements are described in the standard operating procedure, which
can be requested from University KLM.
No equipment used requires calibration.
Project fuel consumption during year ym during monitoring period.
· Double check of fuel receipt data entry will be conducted.
No equipment used requires calibration.

Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) in above ground biomass in primary forest.
Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) of dead wood, all types of forest
Forest inventory will be conducted by trained community teams. Each community will selecta team of about 10 people who will be carefully trained in the classroom and in the field on
forest inventory. “Community Based Forest Biomass Monitoring - Training of Trainers
Manual”, IGES (2014) will be the reference to design the trainings. QA/QC procedures will
include:· Re-measuring 10 per cent of PSPs during each inventory. Errors discovered will be
expressed as a percentage of all plots that have been re-measured to provide anestimate of the measurement error.
· Assigning one experienced forester to supervise each team.
· Assignment of a team leader who will check off all field sheets before leaving plots.
· “Hot Checks” (supervising forester conducts occasional re-measurement and provides
continual guidance to community teams).
· Check for anomalies during data entry: 10% of all data sheets will be selected
randomly and checked for consistency and accuracy in data entry.
No equipment used requires calibration.

43

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

・ Describe the procedures that the project employs for quality assurance and quality control.
・ For each data for which options B or C are applied, describe the calibration procedures ofany measurement equipment used where applicable.
・ Details may be described in the Annex.

Annex

・ Use appropriate numbering and subheadings for easy reference to the relevant sections of
the Monitoring Structure and Procedures Sheet. Use a row for each section of the Annex.
・ Additional rows may be added or unnecessary rows removed.

44

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

5. Monitoring
5.1. Conducting monitoring
34. Project participants conduct monitoring in line with the monitoring plan of the registered
PDD.
35. When using remote sensing for monitoring of carbon pools under Option C, satellite
imageries whose spatial resolution is 30 meters or higher is used for monitoring land use andland-use changes. For the classification of land cover and forest types, classification to reflect
the amount of carbon stock per hectare is encouraged and the classification should reflect
each country’s forest designations. The accuracy of forest/non-forest maps and forest typemaps is 80 percent or higher.

5.2. Data correction for actual measurement
36. For monitoring of parameters under Option C (i.e. parameters monitored through actual
measurement), the project participants calibrate measuring equipments as per the monitoringplan.
37. The project participants determine the necessity for data correction in calculation of emission
reductions following the decision tree shown in Figure 1 below. If any relevant protocols
exist in the National Forest Monitoring System, equipments calibration and data correction
should be conducted in line with these protocols.
38. Regarding parameters for which corresponding national laws and regulations on
measurement exist, the project participants:(a)

Apply measured values (uncorrected values) to those parameters in calculation ofemission reductions, if measuring equipments are calibrated and/or qualified inaccordance with the national laws and regulations on measurement;(b)

Do not apply measured values in calculation of emission reductions for thatmonitoring period, if measuring equipments are not calibrated and/or qualified inaccordance with the national laws and regulations on measurement.

39. Regarding parameters for which national laws and regulations on measurement do not exist,
the project participants check whether the instrumental errors identified in the calibration test
stay within the required level of accuracy (i.e. ±5%).
40. For parameters described in paragraph 39, if measuring equipments are calibrated in linewith the monitoring plan, the project participants:(a)

Apply measured values (uncorrected values) to those parameters in calculation ofemission reductions, where the instrumental errors of the measuring equipments staywithin ±5%;

(b)Correct measured values by applying the difference resulted from the instrumental
45

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

error and required level of accuracy to the measured values during the period
between the date of the previous calibration and the concerned calibration, in linewith the Appendix to these Guidelines, and apply the corrected values to thoseparameters in calculation of emission reductions, where the instrumental errors ofthe measuring equipments do not stay within ±5%.
41. For parameters described in paragraph 39, if measuring equipments are not calibrated in linewith the monitoring plan, but calibration is implemented after the scheduled date, the project
participants:(a)

Apply measured values (uncorrected values) to those parameters in calculation ofemission reductions, where the instrumental errors identified in the delayedcalibration test stay within ±5%;

(b)Correct measured values by applying the difference resulted from the instrumental
error identified in the delayed calibration and required level of accuracy to themeasured values during the period between the date of previous calibration and theactual date of calibration in line with the Appendix to these Guidelines, and apply
the corrected values to those parameters in calculation of emission reductions, where
the instrumental errors identified in the delayed calibration test do not stay within±5%.

42. Correction of values in line with paragraph 40(b) and 41(b) are conducted in a manner which
results in a conservative calculation of emission reductions, as shown in the Appendix.
43. For parameters described in paragraph 39, if measuring equipments are not calibrated in linewith the monitoring plan and calibration is not implemented after the scheduled date, theproject participants do not apply measured values in calculation of emission reductions forthat monitoring period.

46

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

Yes

Yes

National laws or
regulations on
measurement exist?

Properly calibrated
and/or qualified inaccordance with thelaws or regulations?

No

No

Values are notapplicable for themonitoring period
Calibrated in linewith rules inparagraph 29?

Yes

Yes

Yes

Instrumental error
is within ±5%?

Neither corrections nor additional calibration necessaryNo

Calibrated
after thescheduled

No

No

Correction necessary

Values are notapplicable for themonitoring period

Figure 1 Decision tree for data correction

5.3. Recording and archiving data
44. The project participants record and archive the data as per the monitoring plan.
45. When conducting monitoring, the project participants archive the evidence and records thatvalidate the figures to be stated in the monitoring report(s). It includes the source documentsthat form the basis for calculations and other information underlying the emission reductions.

6. Developing a Monitoring Report
46. The project participants develop a monitoring report using the Monitoring Report Sheetapplied to the registered JCM project.
47. For each parameter in the Monitoring Report Sheet, the project participants describe
appropriate information corresponding to the following items:(a) Monitoring period: Describe the monitoring period;(b) Monitored values: Provide the values of the monitored parameter for the purpose of
calculating emission reductions;(c) Monitoring option: Fill in the monitoring option used;47

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0(d) Source of data: Provide the source of data used. Clearly indicate the type of data
source (e.g. logbooks, daily records, surveys, etc.) and spatial level of data (e.g. local,
regional, national, international), if applicable;(e) Measurement methods and procedures: Describe how the parameters aremeasured/calculated including QA/QC procedures applied. If the parameter ismeasured, describe the equipments used to measure it, including details on accuracy
level, and calibration information (frequency, date of calibration and validity);(f)Monitoring frequency: Describe the monitoring frequency.

48. In the Monitoring Report Sheet which is Attached Document to the Monitoring Report Sheet,the project participants provide the locations of monitoring points of the ground-based(s)survey on a map, the result of reassessment of the project reference level, and the situationof the actual recording and archiving of data.

48

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0<Example of a Monitoring Report Sheet (Input Sheet)>
Monitoring Report Sheet [Attachment to Project Design Document]
Table 4: Parameters to be monitored ex post
(a)

(b)

Monitoring

Paramepoint No.

ters

(c)

(d)
Estimat

Description of dataed
Values

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

Uni

Monitoring

Source of

Measurement methods andMonitoringts

optiondata

procedures

frequency(j)Other comments

USGS
(1)

Area of stratum (= land use type) i at year ym duringAi,y→Tablemonitoring period.

1-a.

ha

Option C

GLOVIS,

Analyzing multispectral

Once every

Min. spatial

Landsatoptical satellite imagery

three years

resolution of 30 m

imagery
USGS
(2)

ABi,y

Area burnt in stratum (= land use type) i at year ym→Tableduring monitoring period.

1-a.

ha

Option C

GLOVIS,

Analyzing multispectral

Once every

Min. spatial

Landsatoptical satellite imagery

three years

resolution of 30 m

imagery
(3)
(4)

EF1,1
EF1,2

Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) in above

200

ground biomass in primary forest
Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) of dead14

wood, all types of forest

tC
ha-1
tC
ha-1

Option C
Option C

Forestsampling
Forestsampling

Forest sampling
Forest sampling

Once every
three years
Once every
three years

USGS
(5)

LCym

Project fuel consumption during year ym during→Tablemonitoring period.

1-b.

TJ

Option B

GLOVIS,

Analyzing multispectral

Landsatoptical satellite imagery

Once a year

imagery
USGS(6)

DECO2,ym

Displacement of net CO2 emissions during year ym
during monitoring period.

Ha

Option C

GLOVIS,

Analyzing multispectral

Once every

Min. spatial

Landsatoptical satellite imagery

three years

resolution of 30 m

GLOVIS,

Analyzing multispectral

Once every

Min. spatial

Landsatoptical satellite imagery

three years

resolution of 30 m

imagery
Displacement of CH4 and N2O emissions during year
(7)

DEfire,ym

ym during monitoring period.

USGS
Ha

Option C

imagery
Table 1-a. Area of stratum i and area burnt in stratum i at year ym during monitoring period
Year during the(1) Forest area (ha): Ai,y(2) Burnt area (ha): ABi,y49

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0
monitoring period

Primary forest

Secondary forest

CroplandPrimary forest

Secondary forest

Cropland

A1,y

A2,y

A3,y

AB1,y

AB2,y

AB3,y

ym1
ym2
ym3
ym4
ym5
…
Table 1-b. Project fuel consumptionYear(3) Project fuel consumption (TJ):
LCy

ymf1
ymf2
ymf3
ymf4
ymf5
….

Table 5: Project-specific parameters to be fixed ex ante
(a)

(b)

Parameters(c)
Estimated

Description of data

value

(d)

(e)

Units

Source of data

ARE

Size of reference area

970,996ha

Various. Related to the drivers of deforestation and/or forest degradation, landscape configuration, socio-e

APJ

Size of project area

17,400ha

Decided by project proponents

ADB

Size of displacement belt

121,837

ha

Various. Related to mobility of deforestation/degradation agents

Ai,yr

Size of stratum (= land use type) i at year yr during the reference period.

→Table 2-a.

ha

ABi,yrSize burnt in stratum (= land use type) i at year yr during the reference period.

→Table 2-a.

ha

DFDiscount Factor

30

%

USGS
GLOVIS, Landsat imagery
USGS
GLOVIS, Landsat imagery

Table 2-a. Area of stratum i and area burnt in stratum i at year yr during reference period(2) Burnt area (ha): ABi,yr
Year during the (1) Forest area (ha): Ai,yr
reference period

Primary forest

Secondary forest

CroplandPrimary forest

Secondary forest

50

CroplandJCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0
A1,y

A2,y

A4,y

AB1,y

AB2,y

AB4,y

2001

354,000

293,000

365,000

2,600

330

40,5002002

350,333

290,667

368,667

2,600

330

40,5002003

346,667

288,333

372,333

2,600

330

40,5002004

343,000

286,000

376,000

2,300

660

41,7002005

339,667

284,000

379,667

2,300

660

41,7002006

336,333

282,000

383,333

2,300

660

41,7002007

333,000

280,000

387,000

9,300

1,660

42,9002008

322,333

272,667

398,333

9,300

1,660

42,9002009

311,667

265,333

409,667

9,300

1,660

42,9002010

301,000

258,000

421,000

5,600

1,330

46,7002011

294,333

253,667

428,333

5,600

1,330

46,7002012

287,667

249,333

435,667

5,600

1,330

46,7002013

281,000

245,000

443,000

3,300

660

51,2002014

275,000

241,000

449,333

3,300

660

51,2002015

269,000

237,000

455,667

3,300

660

51,200

Table 6: Ex-post estimation of CO2 emission reductions
Monitoring period

Emission reductions to be credited

Units
tCO2/p[Monitoring option]
Option A

Option A

Based on public data which is measured by entities other than the project participants (Data used: publicly recognized data such as statistical data and specifications)

Option B

Option B

Based on the amount of transaction which is measured directly using measuring equipment (Data used: commercial evidence such as invoices)

Option C

Option C

Based on the actual measurement using measuring equipment (Data used: measured values)51

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

Monitoring Report Sheet Attachment
1. Monitoring sites of the ground-based survey(s)・ Provide a map that displays the locations of the monitoring sites used in the ground-based
survey for the monitoring of net project emissions.

2. Reassessment of project reference level

・ Provide information that is necessary for reassessment of the project reference level. Referto the “Joint Crediting Mechanism Guidelines for Developing Proposed Methodology for
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation, and the Role ofConservation, Sustainable Management of Forests and Enhancement of Forest Carbon
Stocks in Developing Countries (REDD-plus)”, noting that:
・ The project reference level is reassessed within five years intervals to ensure that it
adequately reflects the actual circumstances of the project area, such as drivers ofdeforestation and/or forest degradation, activities that lead to land-use changes, andchanges of forest management methods.
・ If the result of reassessment shows that project reference level doesn't adequately reflect
the actual circumstances, the project reference level is reestablished.
・ If a national or relevant sub-national reference level is established after the project startdate, the national or relevant sub-national reference level should be taken into accountwhen reestablishing the project reference level at the time of reassessment, and the validityof the new project reference level should be explained.
・ Details may be provided in the Annex.

3. Recording and archiving data

・ Describe the actual situation of the recording and archiving of the monitoring data.
・ Details may be provided in the Annex.
52

JCM_LA_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

Annex

・ Use appropriate numbering and subheadings for easy reference to the relevant sections of
the Monitoring Report Sheet. Use a row for each section of the Annex. Additional rows may
be added.

53