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Science
Global Inspirations
Pathways
Copyright Copyright© 2022 by©
JonathanKotaro Shitori
2024 by Lynch,
Dave Rear
All rights reserved for Japan.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form
without permission from Seibido Co., Ltd.

To Teachers and Students
Science has the remarkable ability to ignite our curiosity and kindle the flamesof inspiration. It unveils the hidden wonders of the natural world, unravels themysteries of the universe, and shines light on life itself. Science encourages us toquestion, explore, and innovate. It allows us to dream of new possibilities, whether
this is imagining sustainable futures, treating diseases, or venturing into the depthsof space. In this book, we look at twenty issues in science and technology that areinspiring people around the world today.
The book is divided into five sections, each covering a different field of scientificexploration. In Section I, we look at Nature and the Environment, answering questions
such as whether we should bring back extinct animals and how we can protect ourcities from climate change. Section II delves into the world of Humans and Society. We
move from the innovative work of a teenage scientist translating sign language to theseemingly mundane – but just as important – issue of how to raise a cat. Section III
takes us to Space and Exploration. Are UFOs real? What life-changing discovery did
Hayabusa make on Ryugu? Can we grow plants on the Moon? In Section IV, we switch
our attention to Health and Medicine. We find out why mosquitoes bite some people
more than others and look to the future with microscopic robots that can swim throughthe bloodstream. In the last section of the book, our focus is on how science is bringing
us The Future Now. We hear about Japanese scientists creating robots with living skinand aeronautical companies aiming to produce planes that can fly us to the other sideof the world in under an hour.
Each unit has a variety of activities to promote understanding of the topics anddevelopment of language skills. Two vocabulary sections introduce and practice key
words from the text, extending students’ knowledge of scientific terms. The reading
passage has two sets of questions, one to assess comprehension of the major themes
and the other to encourage a more detailed understanding. There is a writing sectionthat presents important grammatical structures and a listening dictation thatencourages students to catch useful expressions and phrases. Finally, students aregiven the opportunity to discuss their opinions about the topic, the activity scaffoldedby a brainstorming exercise to help them generate ideas and vocabulary. Whatever
your interest in science, we hope you can find something in this book to inspire you inyour own future work. Good luck!
Dave Rear

Table of Contents

Section I: Nature and the Environment
UNIT

1

UNIT

2

UNIT

3

UNIT

4

Extinct No More: Can We Bring Back Mammoths?
絶滅させない：マンモスを生き返らせることはできるか �����������������������������������������������     7That Sinking Feeling: Cities Returning to the Sea
沈んだ気持ち：海に戻っていく街  �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������    13The Meat Problem: Solutions from the Lab肉の消費問題：解決策を求めて  �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������    19The Science of Size: Why Aren’t Land Mammals Bigger?
大きさの科学：陸生哺乳動物が大きくならない理由  ������������������������������������������������������    25Section II: Humans and Society
UNIT

5UNIT

6UNIT

7UNIT

84

Helping the Deaf: The Teen Who Translates Sign Language
聴覚障がい者への支援：AI で手話を翻訳する  ���������������������������������������������������������������    31Feline Truths: How to Make Your Cat Love You
猫に関する真実：猫に愛される秘訣  ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������    37Mind Control: Does Hypnosis Really Work?
マインドコントロール：催眠術は本当に効くのか  ���������������������������������������������������������    43Science for All: The Rise of Citizen Scientists
すべての人に科学を：市民科学者の登場  �������������������������������������������������������������������������    49Section III: Space and Exploration
UNIT

9UNIT

10UNIT

Real After All: NASA’s Growing Interest in UFOs
UFO の真相：UFO への関心が高まる NASA  ��������������������������������������������������������������������    55Hard Gardening: Growing Plants on the Moon
過酷な農業：月の土で植物を育てる  ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������    61Seeds of Life: Hayabusa’s Great Discovery

11

生命の種：はやぶさの大発見  ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������    67UNITUnlimited Resources: The Prospect of Mining Space

12

無限の資源：宇宙採掘の展望  ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������    73Section IV: Health and Medicine
UNIT

13UNIT

14

UNIT

15

UNIT

16

An Itchy Problem: The Science of Mosquito Bites
かゆみの問題：蚊に刺されの科学  ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������    79Goodbye Diets? The Exercise Pill
ダイエットはもう必要なし？：エクササイズ・ピル  ����������������������������������������������������    85Regeneration King: The Incredible Power of the Liver
再生の王様：肝臓の驚異的なパワー  ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������    91Straight to Target: Robots That Swim in the Blood
ターゲットにまっしぐら：血管を泳ぐロボット  ������������������������������������������������������������     97Section V: The Future Now
UNIT

Closer to Humans: Developing Robots with Skin17

人間のように：皮膚を持つロボットの開発  �����������������������������������������������������������������    103

UNIT

A New Solution: Plastic-Eating Enzymes

18

UNIT

19

UNIT

20

新たな解決策：プラスチックを食べる酵素  ������������������������������������������������������������������     109

No More Noisy Neighbors: Soundproof Wallpaper
うるさいお隣りさんにさようなら：防音壁紙  ������������������������������������������������������������     115

Space Planes: Tokyo to Los Angeles in One Hour
宇宙船：１時間で東京からロサンゼルスへ  �������������������������������������������������������������������     121

5

Unit 1UNIT

1Extinct No More

Extinct No More

Can We Bring Back Mammoths?

もし，あなたが氷河期にタイムスリップできたら，氷に覆われた地球を歩き回るマンモスの群れを目にするでしょう。狩猟と温暖な気候のために 1 万年前に絶滅したこの壮大な生き物を，もし生き返らせることができるとしたらどうでしょう。それは，あり得ない話ではありません。

Key Vocabulary次の単語について，その定義を結びつけましょう。

1. extinction(a) the smallest living part of an animal or plant

2. primitive(b) a small section of DNA

3. gene(c) the natural environment for an animal or plant

4. preserve(d) a type of animal in danger of dying out

5. cell(e) related to early humans

6. endangered species( f ) when an animal no longer exists on Earth

7. habitat(g) to prevent something being damaged

7

Reading

1-03 〜 08

1-03

When the movie Jurassic Park came out in 1993, audiences were excited by the sight offerocious dinosaurs coming to life on the big screen. The film used computer-generated
imagery (CGI) to recreate these giants of the Earth’s past, but it also inspired a newquestion for the human race: Could we bring back dinosaurs for real?
1-04
5To bring a species back from extinction requires two things: a sample of its DNA and aclose relative still living today. Unfortunately, scientists have not discovered any DNA
from dinosaurs, which died out too long ago for their genes to have survived. They have,
however, collected DNA from another great creature that once roamed the Earth: thewooly mammoth. Wooly mammoths existed during the last Ice Age, protected from the10cold weather by the thick coat of hair that covered their bodies. Most of them died out
10,000 years ago through a combination of rising temperatures and hunting by primitive
humans, though a small population survived until 2000 BC on an island near Siberia.
1-05

It is in Siberia that mammoth DNA has been discovered, the freezing temperatures
preserving enough of their bodies in ice. Although the cells in these bodies are dead,15

scientists have been able to read the DNA inside them, making the idea of cloning thema real possibility. The next step to doing so involves combining the mammoth genes withthose of their nearest living relative, the Asian elephant, in order to create an embryo.
1-06

Ideally, that embryo would be carried in the womb of an elephant, which would givebirth in the usual way. The problem is that Asian elephants are endangered, making
20

researchers unwilling to experiment with them. Instead, the aim is to create an artificial
womb that would do no harm to a living creature. So far, researchers have only done
experiments with mice. Creating a womb large enough to nurture a mammoth isexpected to take at least another decade.

8Unit 1

Extinct No More

1-07

If they do manage to develop the technology to clone a mammoth, the next question is:25

Should they? There is still a habitat cold enough for mammoths to live comfortably –Siberia where their DNA was discovered – but there are clearly risks involved withbringing back an animal that has been extinct for so long. What will the effect be on theecosystem? How will they raise the first generation of mammoths who will not havemothers to teach them the skills of life? And with so many current species threatened30with extinction, should we not focus on protecting them rather than bringing back oldones?
1-08

These are not easy questions to answer. But the idea of mammoths roaming the Earthonce more is an exciting one. And, unlike Jurassic Park, let’s hope this story has a happy
ending.

Notes

ferocious 猛烈な roam 歩き回る embryo 胚 womb 子宮 nurture 育てる
ecosystem 生態系

True / False次の文が本文の内容と一致する場合は T，一致しない場合は F を記入しましょう。

1. () It is currently possible to bring dinosaurs back from extinction.

2. () Some mammoths survived until about 4,000 years ago.

3. () Scientists have collected mammoth DNA but they do not have a living
relative.

4. () It is problematic to use living Asian elephants to nurture a mammothembryo.

5. () There is no place on Earth where mammoths could live comfortably today.
9Understanding Details次の質問に英語で答えましょう。

1. What are the two things needed to bring a species back from extinction?
2. How long is it expected to be before an artificial womb for mammoths can becreated?

3. Why would the first generation of mammoths have a particular problem?
Vocabulary in Context次の英文の空所に入れるのに正しい語句を下から選びましょう。

1. Every () in the human body carries DNA.

2. Many species face () due to climate change.

3. Can we find a suitable (4. Stone Age humans had very (5. We have to (extinction10) for wooly mammoths?
) tools.

) the rainforest for future generations.

primitivecellhabitat

preserve

Unit 1Extinct No More

Writing Sentences — Making a Contrast 1
対比を表す表現を学びます。次の英文の (大文字の語も小文字で記されています。

) 内の単語を並べ替えて，意味の通る文にしましょう。

1. 細胞は死んでいたが，科学者たちは DNA を読み取ることができた。

( the / were / although / dead / cells ), scientists could still read their DNA.
()

2. マンモスのクローンを作ることは可能かもしれないが，それをやってみるべきか？

Cloning a mammoth might be possible, ( should / try / to / but / do / we ) it?
()

3. マンモスを復活させるのは，リスクがあるとしてもワクワクする。

It would be exciting to bring back mammoths, ( doing / the / of / risks / despite ) so.
(Listening Summary)

1-09

音声を聞いて，次の英文の空所を埋めましょう。

Bringing back animals from extinction 1)

the movie

Jurassic Park. But what if we could do it for real? Surprisingly, it is not an impossible
dream. To recreate 2)
and a close living relative. Unfortunately, no DNA has, you need a sample of its DNA3)

for the dinosaurs of Jurassic Park; however, we do have DNA from another great
animal of the past: the wooly mammoth. We also have 4),

the Asian elephant. So, can and should we bring mammoths back? There are twoproblems. One is that scientists 5)

experiment withAsian elephants, which are an endangered species, so they have to create an artificial
womb for the mammoth embryo. 6)that we can’t

predict the consequences of returning an extinct animal to a modern ecosystem. The
technology for doing so, however, could be ready soon.

11Express your Ideas
A. クラスメートと話し合って，円の中にあるテーマに関係している単語をリストアップしてみましょう。

protect

endangeredspecies

B. 次の英文を読んで，自分の考えを書きましょう。
1. Why are some species on Earth in danger of becoming extinct?

2. How can we protect endangered species?

12