࠿ࢃ࠸࠸ࡢࣛࢸࣛࣜࢸ࢕኱ሯ ᲍ဏ ᒱ㜧኱Ꮫ᭶ඖ ᩗ ᒱ㜧኱Ꮫ
Laterality of Kawaii
Risa OTSUKA (Gifu University)
Takashi TSUKIMOTO (Gifu University)ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࡣ㸪ࣛࢸࣛࣜࢸ࢕ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ㸪␗ᛶࡢ㢦ࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉㄆ▱ࡢ≉ᛶࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ᕥྑど㔝࡟▷᫬㛫 (500 ms) ᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡿ㢦࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉุ᩿ࡢホᐃ್ࡀ㸪ᛶⓗ࣭♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢ࡝ࡕࡽࡢᇶ‽್࡟㢮ఝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉ࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪⏨ዪ࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ࠕ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࠖ࡟ᛶⓗ㸭♫఍ⓗ࡜࠸࠺ 2 ࡘࡢせ⣲ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢㄪᰝ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓྛ㢦่⃭࡟ᑐࡍࡿ್ࢆᛶⓗ㸭♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᇶ‽್࡜ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ᐇ㦂 1 ཬࡧᐇ㦂 2 ࡢཧຍ⪅ࡢホᐃ࡟ࡣ㸪⏨ዪ࡜ࡶ࡟♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢᇶ‽࡜ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ྜ⮴ࡏࡎ㸪ᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢᇶ‽࡟ᚑࡗ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪⏨ᛶ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳᕥど㔝 (ྑ༙⌫) ඃ఩࡜࠸࠺␗ᛶࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉุ᩿ࡢࣛࢸࣛࣜࢸ࢕ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡀ㸪ዪᛶ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣛࢸࣛࣜࢸ࢕ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
Key words: Kawaii, laterality, faceእぢⓗ㨩ຊࡀ㧗࠸ேࡣ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ሙ㠃࡛ዲពⓗᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞せ⣲ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡟㸪ࡲࡓ㧗࠸ホ౯ࢆࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀ

Cunningham (1986) ࡣ㸪ዪᛶࡢ㢦ࡢᵓ㐀≉ᚩ࡜࡚࠸ࡿ (e.g., ㉺ᬛ, 2013)ࠋ≉࡟㸪㢦 (face) ࡣእᑐே㨩ຊࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᳨ウࡋ㸪㢦ࡢ㨩ຊࡢᡭࡀ࠿ࡾぢⓗ㨩ຊ࡟㛵ࢃࡿ௦⾲ⓗ࡞᝟ሗ※࡛࠶ࡿࠋእぢ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕᗂඣᛶ (neonate)ࠖ㸪ࠕᡂ⇍ (maturity)ࠖ㸪ⓗ㨩ຊࡢ㧗࠸㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿ⨾ே࡟ᑐࡍࡿ≉ᛶホ౯ࠕ⾲⌧ຊ (expressiveness)ࠖࡢ 3 ࡘࡢഃ㠃ࢆᣲࡆ࡟ࡣࠕ┒ࡽࢀຠᯝࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕᗂඣᛶࠖࡣ኱ࡁࡃ࡚୸࠸┠㸪ᑠࡉࡃ࡚

Landy & Sigall (1974) ࡣ㸪⏨ᏊᏛ⏕ࡀዪᏊᏛ⏕పࡃ୸࠸㰯㸪ᑠࡉ࡞㢡㸦⤖ᯝⓗ࡟୸࠸㍯㒌࡜࡞ࡢ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࢆ᥇Ⅼࡍࡿ㝿࡟㸪ᅇ⟅⪅ࡢ㢦෗┿ࢆࡿ㸧㸪ࠕᡂ⇍ࠖࡣ㢋㦵࡜ࢩࣗࢵ࡜ࡋࡓ㢋㸪ࠕ⾲⌧ຊࠖྜࢃࡏ࡚ᥦ♧ࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪࣏࣮ࣞࢺࡢฟ᮶ࡢᝏࡣ┱ࡢ㧗ࡉ㸪኱ࡁ࡞▖Ꮝ㸪➗ࡳࡢᗈࡀࡾ (large࠸ሙྜ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪㢦ࡢ㨩ຊᗘࡀ㧗࠸ே࡟ࡣ⏑ࡃ㸪smile) ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚≉ᚩ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋ≉࡟㸪ࠕᗂඣᛶࠖ

ప࠸ே࡟ࡣཝࡋࡃ᥇Ⅼࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡣぢࡿ⪅࡟ࠕ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࠖࢆㄆ㆑ࡉࡏ㸪ಖㆤ࡞࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿ⨾ே࡟ᑐࡍࡿ≉ᛶホ౯࡟࠾ࡢ⾜ືࢆㄏⓎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ (኱ᆓ,ࡅࡿࠕ┒ࡽࢀຠᯝࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ♫఍1997)㸪㢦ࡢ≉ᚩࢆ࣓࢖ࢡ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᗂඣᛶࢆⓗ⾜ືࡣ㢦ࡢ㨩ຊᗘ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛㢦ࡢ㨩ຊࡀ㧗ࡲࡿ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡿ (Mueser, Grau, Sussman, & Rosan, 1984)ࠋࡣᗂᆺ໬௬ㄝ࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (㉺ᬛ, 2013)ࠋ 㢦ࡢ㨩ຊࡣ୺ほⓗ༳㇟࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᤊ࠼ࡽ

኱ᆓ (2001) ࡣࡇࢀࡽ 3 ࡘ࡟ࠕ㐀ᙧ⨾ࠖࢆຍࢀࡿ୍᪉㸪ࡑࡇ࡟ࡣᖺ㱋࣭ᛶู࣭ே✀ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ࠼㸪㢦ࡢ㨩ຊࡢᡭࡀ࠿ࡾࢆ 4 ࡘ࡟ศ㢮ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㐀ᙧ⨾࡜ࡣ㯤㔠⋡ࡸ㢦ࣃ࣮ࢶࡢ㓄⨨ࣂࣛࣥࢫࠕ⒵ࡋࠖ࡞࡝ࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡗࡱ࠸༳㇟ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕᙧࡢ⨾࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ㯤㔠⋡ࡣ▴ᙧࡢ㎶ࢀࡣ㸪㛗㎶࡜▷㎶ࡢẚࡢ್ࡀⓑ㖟ẚࡢ᪉ࡀ㯤㔠ࡢẚࡀࠕ1 : ൫1+ξ5൯Τ2ࠖ࡜࡞ࡿᛶ㉁࡛࠶ࡾ㸪すὒẚࡼࡾࡶᑠࡉ࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋᘓ⠏ࡸ⨾⾡࡟ྲྀࡾධࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࡼࡃ

኱ᆓ (2000) ࡣ㸪⌧௦ࡢ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡣ㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶ㢦࡬▱ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ (Maor & Jost, 2014 㧗 ᮌ ┘ ヂࡢ៿ࢀࡸ㸪౫Ꮡᛶࡢ㢧ࢀ࡛࠶ࡿࠕ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࠖᣦ2015)ࠋPaquet (1997 ▼஭ (┘ಟ) 1999) ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪ྥࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛ࡢ౛࠼ࡤ㸪㢡ࡢඛ➃࠿ࡽ㰯ࡢ✰ࡲ࡛ࡢ㛗ࡉࡣ㢦඲㢦ࡢࠕ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࠖࡣࠕ୸ࡳࡢ࠶ࡿ㢦࡛㸪┠ࡀ኱యࡢ㛗ࡉࡢ 3 ศࡢ 1㸪㰯ࡢ✰࠿ࡽ┱ࡲ࡛ࡢ㊥㞳ࡁࡃ㸪၁࡜㰯ࡀᑠࡉ࠸ࠖ(኱ᆓ, 2000, p.243) ࡜࠸ࡣ┱࠿ࡽ㧥ࡢ⏕࠼㝿ࡲ࡛ࡢ㊥㞳࡟➼ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺≉ᚩࢆᣢࡘ㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿࡱࡗࡕࡷࡾ㢦࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࠕ㢦ࡢ㯤㔠ศ๭ࠖࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪᪥ᮏேࡣ㢦ࡢ㨩ຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡲࡓ㸪㒊఩≉ᚩࡀᖹᆒⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ㢦ࡸ㸪㢦඲య௚ᅜ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿឤぬࡸഴྥࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃ࡢᙧែⓗࣂࣛࣥࢫ࡜㒊఩㛫ࡢ㓄⨨ࣂࣛࣥࢫࡢ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋⰋ࠸㢦࡯࡝㨩ຊⓗ࡜ホᐃࡉࢀࡿ (኱ᆓ, 1997)ࠋ

ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࠕ࠿ࢃ࠸࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥ࡛⾲ࡉࢀࡿᑐᖹᆒ㢦ࡣ㸪㢦ࡢྛࣃ࣮ࢶࡢ኱ࡁࡉཬࡧ㓄⨨ࡀᙜ㇟ࡣᗈࡃ㸪ᐈほⓗ࡞ᐃ⩏ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ☜࠿࡟ࠕ࠿ࢃヱ㞟ᅋ࡟࠾࠸࡚඾ᆺⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࡢ࠸࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺୺ほⓗ࡞ឤぬࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟᭕᫕࡞ࡶࡢ㞟ᅋෆࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࠿ࡽዲ࠿ࢀࡸࡍ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡓ࡜࠼᫂☜࡞ᐃ⩏ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᅔࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿ (Halberstadt, 2007; Rhodes, Harwood,㞴࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪ᐁ⬟ホ౯ἲ࡞࡝ᵝࠎ࡞

Yoshikawa, Nishitani, & McLean, 2002)ࠋ

ࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࡢ≉ᚩࡸᶵ⬟ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿヨࡳࡣᐃἲ࡟ᗂඣᛶ㸪ᡂ⇍㸪⾲⌧ຊ㸪㐀ᙧ⨾࡜࠸࠺㢦ࡢ㨩ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪኱⬻༙⌫ᶵ⬟ᕪ࠶ຊᡭࡀ࠿ࡾࡣ඲࡚㸪ே㛫ࡢ㑇ఏᏊࡢ㉁࡜೺ᗣ≧ࡿ࠸ࡣࣛࢸࣛࣜࢸ࢕ (laterality) ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࠕ࠿ែ࡜㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪㓄അ⪅㑅ᢥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔜せ࡞ࢃ࠸ࡉࠖ࡟ᑐࡍࡿㄆ▱≉ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࠋ᝟ሗ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋྠᵝ࡟㸪ዪᛶ Guo, Liu, & Robebuck (2011) ࡣ㸪ዪᛶࡢ㢦่ࡽࡋ࠸≉ᚩ (ࡩࡗࡃࡽࡋࡓ㢋㦵㧗࡞㢋㸪㛗ࡃ࡚⃭ࡀᕥど㔝࡟ᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡓሙྜࡣᛶⓗႴዲ࡟ᇶኴ࠸ࡲࡘẟ㸪᭤⥺ⓗ࡛⭾ࡽࢇࡔ၁࡞࡝) ࡶ㓄അ࡙࠸ࡓ㨩ຊุ᩿ࡀᐇ⾜ࡉࢀ㸪୍᪉㸪ྑど㔝࡟ᥦ⪅㑅ᢥ࡜⏕Ṫάືࡢᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜♧ࡉࢀࡓሙྜࡣ㠀ᛶⓗႴዲ (♫఍ⓗႴዲ) ࡟ἢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (኱ᆓ, 2001; ཎᓥ࣭㤿ሙ, 1996;ࡗࡓ㨩ຊุ᩿ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪ᐑỌ, 2009; ⻱ᕝ, 1993; ⻱ᕝ࣭ᒣཱྀ, 1993; す⏣,኱⬻ࡢྑ༙⌫ࡣᛶⓗ࡞㨩ຊ㸪ᕥ༙⌫ࡣ♫఍ⓗ࡞

2007; ᒣཱྀ, 2010; Zebrowitz, 1997 ⩚⏣࣭୰ᑿヂ㨩ຊ࡜࠸࠺ホ౯ⓗ࡞≉ᚩࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚1999)ࠋ

࠸ࡿࠋゝ࠸᥮࠼ࡿ࡜㸪Guo et al. (2011) ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛㏙࡭࡚ࡁࡓ㢦ࡢ㨩ຊࡢ◊✲ࡣ୺࡜ࡋྑ༙⌫ࡀࠕ✀ࡢಖᏑ࡟㛵ࢃࡿุ᩿ࠖ㸪ᕥ༙⌫ࡀ࡚Ḣ⡿ࡢつ‽ࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ࡜ࡋࡓࠕ⨾ࡋࡉࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࠕ♫఍ⓗ㐺ᛂ࡟㛵ࢃࡿุ᩿ࠖࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀඃ఩࡟ࡿࡶࡢࡔ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕ⨾ࡋ࠸ࠖฎ⌮ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゎ㔘࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡼࡾࡶࠕ࠿ࢃ࠸࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࢆ⏝ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ࠸࡚㢦ࡢ㨩ຊࢆ⾲⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ ࡶከ࠸ࠋ∹⏣᪥ᮏேࡀࠕ࠿ࢃ࠸࠸ࠖ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㨩ຊࢆᢪࡃឤ(2010) ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪୍⯡࡟᪥ᮏேࡣすὒே࡜ẚ㍑ᛶࡢᏑᅾࢆ๓ᥦࡍࡿ࡜㸪ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟㢮᥎ࡍࡿࡇࡋ࡚㸪㯤㔠ẚࡼࡾࡶⓑ㖟ẚࠕ1 : ൫1+ξ2൯ࠖࢆዲࡴ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡶࡋࠕ࠿ࢃ࠸࠸ࠖࡀ✀ࡢಖഴྥࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪౛࠼ࡤ㸪ࢺࢺࣟࡸࢡࣞࣚࣥࡋࢇࡕ

Ꮡ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓឤぬ࡜♫఍ⓗ㐺ᛂ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓឤࡷࢇ࡞࡝ࡢேẼ࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱ࣮ࡢ㢦ࡸయࡢࢹࢨぬ࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪Guo et al. (2011) ࡢ㨩࢖ࣥ࡟ࡣⓑ㖟ẚࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋⓑ㖟ẚࡣ㯤㔠ຊุ᩿ྠᵝࡢ୧ഃ㠃ࡢࣛࢸࣛࣜࢸ࢕ࡀぢࡽࢀẚ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࠕ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡽࡋࡉࠖࠕぶࡋࡳࡸࡍࡉࠖࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࠕ࠿ࢃ࠸࠸ࠖࡀ✀ࡢಖᏑ࠶ࡿ࠸ 

ࡣ♫఍ⓗ㐺ᛂࡢ࠸ࡎࢀ࠿୍᪉ࡢឤぬ࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ᑐᛂࡍࡿࣛࢸࣛࣜࢸ࢕ࡢࡳࡀ᳨ฟࡉࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࡣ㸪ࣛࢸࣛࣜࢸ
࢕ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ㸪␗ᛶࡢ㢦ࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉㄆ▱ࡢ≉ᛶࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ᕥྑど㔝࡛ࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉุ᩿ࡢホᐃ್ࡀ㸪ᛶⓗ࣭♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢ࡝ࡕࡽࡢホᐃ್࡟㢮ఝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋᐇ㦂 1 ࡛⏨ᛶࡀዪᛶࡢ㢦ࢆホᐃࡍࡿሙྜࢆ㸪ᐇ㦂 2 ࡛ዪᛶࡀ⏨ᛶࡢ㢦ࢆホᐃࡍ

Figure 1. ஦๓ㄪᰝ෉Ꮚࡢࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺࠋࡿሙྜࢆᢅ࠺ࠋ ୧ഃⓗ࡞ࣛࢸࣛࣜࢸ࢕ࡢ㢮᥎࡟ᚑ࠺௬ㄝࡣ
ḟࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➨୍࡟㸪ᕥど㔝࡛ࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉ┿ࡢே≀࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࢹ࣮ࢺࢆࡍࡿ࡞࡝୍⯡ⓗ࡞ホᐃ್ࡣᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢホᐃ್࡟㢮ఝࡍࡿࡔᜊឡᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࢆホᐃࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࢁ࠺ࠋ➨஧࡟㸪ྑど㔝࡛ࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉホᐃ್ࡣ♫࠸ࠖ(௨ୗ㸪Q1 ࡜࿧ࡪ) ࡜㸪♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࢆᑜ఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢホᐃ್࡟㢮ఝࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

ࡡࡿ㉁ၥࠕᕥࡢே≀࡟ᑐࡋ࡚௙஦௰㛫࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢぶࡋࡳࡸࡍࡉ࡞࡝♫఍ⓗ࡞㛵ಀ࡛ࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉ஦๓ㄪᰝࢆホᐃࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠖ(௨ୗ㸪Q2 ࡜࿧ࡪ) ࢆ㍕஦๓ㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ㸪ᐇ㦂 1 ཬࡧᐇ㦂 2 ࡛౑⏝ࡍࡿࡏ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ㸪ࠕ1㸸඲↛࠿ࢃ࠸ࡃ࡞࠸ࠖ࠿ࡽࠕ6㸸㢦ࢧࣥࣉࣝࡢᛶⓗ㸭♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢホᐃᇶ࡜࡚ࡶ࠿ࢃ࠸࠸ࠖࡲ࡛ࡢ 6 ẁ㝵ࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉホᐃ‽್ࢆタᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪ᮏ◊࡜ࡋࡓࠋ✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡣࠕᜊឡᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࠿ᡭ⥆ࡁ ዪᛶ࡟ࡣዪᛶ⏝ࡢ㸪⏨ᛶ࡟ࡣ⏨ᛶ⏝ࡢࢃ࠸ࡉࠖ㸪♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡣࠕឡᎲࡸேࡢⰋࡉ࡞㉁ၥ⣬ࢆ㓄ᕸࡋ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡬ࡢ༠ຊ࡟ྠពࡋࡓ⪅࡝ࡢ♫஺ⓗ࡞࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࠖࢆᣦࡍㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ཧຍ⪅࡟ࡢࡳᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ࡟ᩍ♧ࡋࡓࠋ⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ᪉ἲᅇ⟅ࡢ㐺ษࡉࡣḟࡢ 2 ẁ㝵ุ࡛᩿ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡎ㸪ㄪᰝ༠ຊ⪅ ᒱ㜧኱Ꮫᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊⏕ 101 ྡ (⏨ᛶ

15 ಶࡢ㢦ࢧࣥࣉࣝ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪Q1㸪Q2 ࠸ࡎࢀ࠿ࡢ47 ྡ㸪ዪᛶ 54 ྡ)ࠋᖹᆒᖺ㱋ࡣ㸪⏨ᛶ 18.61 ṓᅇ⟅ࡀ 90%௨ୖྠࡌ࡟࡞ࡿᅇ⟅⪅ࢆ㝖እࡋࡓࠋ(SD = 0.81)㸪ዪᛶ 18.61 ṓ (SD = 1.19) ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋḟ࡟㸪ྛ㢦ࢧࣥࣉࣝ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ Q1 ࡜ Q2 ࡢᅇ⟅ࡀᐇ㦂ᮦᩱ A5 ぢ㛤ࡁࡢᕥ࣮࣌ࢪ࡟␗ᛶࡢ㢦෗୍⮴ࡍࡿᩘࡀ 11 ಶ௨ୖࡢᅇ⟅⪅ࢆ㝖እࡋࡓࠋࡇ┿㸪ྑ࣮࣌ࢪ࡟ᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉ㸪♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢᇶ‽࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ᅇ⟅ࡀ㐺ษ࡛࡞࠸࡜ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓࡢホᐃࢆồࡵࡿ㉁ၥࢆグ㍕ࡋࡓ෉Ꮚࢆ⏨ᛶ⏝㸪15 ྡࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㝖ࡁ㸪86 ྡ (ዪᛶ 39 ྡ㸪⏨ᛶዪᛶ⏝ࡢ 2 ✀㢮సᡂࡋࡓ (࣮࣌ࢪࡢࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺ47 ྡ) ࢆศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࠋᖹᆒᖺ㱋ࡣ 18.67 ṓࢆ Figure 1 ࡟♧ࡍ)ࠋ㢦ࢧࣥࣉࣝࡣ㸪ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅(SD = 1.02) ࡛㸪ዪᛶ 18.66 ṓ (SD = 0.84)㸪⏨ᛶ࡜㠃㆑ࡀ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸪ᒱ㜧኱Ꮫ௨እࡢ኱

18.67 ṓ (SD = 1.22) ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᏛ㸪኱Ꮫ㝔࡟㏻࠺Ꮫ⏕ 30 ྡ (ዪᛶ 15 ྡ㸪⏨ᛶ 㢦ࢧࣥࣉࣝࡈ࡜࡟㸪ᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉ㸪♫఍ⓗ࠿15 ྡ) ࡢ㢦෗┿ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋ㢦෗┿ࡣ୸ᆺ࡟ࢺࢃ࠸ࡉࡢホᐃᖹᆒ್ࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓࠋ15 ྡࡢዪᛶ㢦࣑ࣜࣥࢢࡋ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣞࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ࡟ຍᕤࡋࡓࠋྑ࣌

࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉ࡜♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢ┦࣮ࢪ࡟ࡣ㸪ᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࢆᑜࡡࡿ㉁ၥࠕᕥࡢ෗

㛵ಀᩘࡣ r = .933 (p < .001) ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪15 ྡࡢ⏨ ᛶ㢦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉ࡜♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢ┦㛵ಀᩘࡣ r = .807 (p < .001) ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉ࡜♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢᖹᆒホᐃ್࡟ᑐࡍࡿ t ᳨ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ዪᛶ㢦࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢᖹᆒホᐃ್ (M = 2.84) ࡜♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢᖹᆒホᐃ್ (M = 3.15) ࡢᕪࡣ᭷ព
࡛࠶ࡾ (t (14) = 5.66, p < .001, d = 1.46)㸪⏨ᛶ㢦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢᖹᆒホᐃ್ (M =2.68) ࡜ ♫ ఍ ⓗ ࠿ ࢃ ࠸ ࡉ ࡢ ᖹ ᆒ ホ ᐃ ್ (M =3.22) ࡢᕪࡣ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓ (t (14) = 6.49, p < .001,d = 1.68)ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪⏨ᛶ㢦㸪ዪᛶ㢦࡜ࡶ࡟㸪࠿࡞ࡾ㧗࠸┦㛵ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࡀ㸪ᖹᆒ್ᕪࡀ

Figure 2. 㢦ࢧࣥࣉࣝᥦ♧ࡢࣞ࢖࢔࢘ࢺࠋ

᭷ព࡛࠿ࡘຠᯝ㔞ࡶ༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪㢦ࢧࣥࣉࣝࡈ࡜࡟⟬ฟࡋࡓホᐃ್ࢆᛶⓗ㸭♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢᇶ‽್࡜ࡋ࡚᥇⏝ࡋࡓࠋᐇ㦂 1᪉ἲᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ ᒱ㜧኱Ꮫ࡟ᅾ⡠ࡍࡿ⏨Ꮚᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊⏕ 27 ྡࠋᖹᆒᖺ㱋ࡣ 20.48 ṓ (SD = 0.89) ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᐇ㦂ࡣಶู࡟⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋᐇ㦂ィ⏬ ど㔝 (2 Ỉ‽㸸ྑど㔝 vs. ᕥど㔝)  Figure 3. ホᐃ⏬㠃ࠋ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢᩥ⬦ (2 Ỉ‽㸸ᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉ vs. ♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉ) ࡢ 2 せᅉཧຍ⪅ෆィ⏬࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ᐇ㦂ᮦᩱ ஦๓ㄪᰝ࡜ྠࡌ 15 ྡࡢዪᛶ㢦ࢆ౑ࢃ࠸ࡉホᐃࢆࡋࡓᚋ㸪15 ಶࡢ㢦่⃭ࡀᕥྑ࡟ 1⏝ࡋࡓࠋ஦๓ㄪᰝ࡛ࡢࢺ࣑ࣜࣥࢢฎ⌮ᚋࡢ㢦෗ᅇࡎࡘࣛࣥࢲ࣒ᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡿᮏヨ⾜ࢆ 30 ヨ⾜⾜┿ࡢ㧗ࡉࢆ 245 ࣆࢡࢭࣝ࡟࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟⤫୍ࡋ㸪ࡗࡓࠋඖࡢ㢦⏬ീࡢ⦪ᶓẚࡀኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ㄪᩚ

1 ヨ⾜ࡢὶࢀࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࣔࢽࢱࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㢦⏬ീࢆࣔࢽࢱ࣮࡟ᥦ♧࣮ࡢ୰ኸ࡟ 1500ms 㛫ὀどⅬࡀ⾲♧ࡉࢀࡓᚋ㸪ࡋ㸪࣐࢘ࢫ᧯స࡛࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࢆホᐃࡍࡿࣉࣟࢢࣛࡑࡢᕥྑ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿࡟㢦่⃭ࡀ 500ms ᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡓ࣒ (PsychoPy v.2) ࢆసᡂࡋࡓࠋࣔࢽࢱ࣮࠿ࡽど(Figure 2)ࠋᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡣ㸪ᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㢦่⃭࡟ぬᐇ㦂⏝㢡ྎ࡛㢡㒊ᅛᐃࡋࡓᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡢ┠ࡘ࠸࡚㸪࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢ⛬ᗘࢆࠕ1㸸࠿ࢃ࠸ࡃ࡞࠸ࠖ

ࡲ࡛ࡢ㊥㞳ࢆ 56 ੉࡟ᅛᐃࡋࡓ㝿࡟㸪ࣔࢽࢱ࣮

࠿ࡽࠕ6㸸࠿ࢃ࠸࠸ࠖࡢ 6 ẁ㝵࡛ホᐃࡋࡓ (Figureࡢ୰ᚰ࠿ࡽどゅ 2.5° (ලయⓗ࡟ࡣ 102 ࣆࢡࢭࣝ)3)ࠋᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡀ࣐࢘ࢫ࡛ࣔࢽࢱ࣮ୖࡢᩘᏐࢆ㞳ࢀࡓ఩⨨࡟㢦ࢧࣥࣉࣝࡀฟ⌧ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟タ㑅ࡪ࡜㸪ḟࡢヨ⾜࡟⛣ࡗࡓࠋᐃࡋࡓࠋ ඲ヨ⾜⤊஢ᚋ㸪ෆ┬ሗ࿌㸪ࢹ࢕ࣈ࣮ࣜࣇ࢕ࣥᡭ⥆ࡁ ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡣࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ๓ࡢᗙᖍࢢࢆ⾜࠸㸪᭱ᚋ࡟ྠព᭩࡟グධࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸㸪ᐇ࡟ㄏᑟࡉࢀ㸪␗ᛶࡢ㢦෗┿ࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࢆホᐃࡋ㦂ࢆ⤊஢ࡋࡓࠋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺᪨ࡢㄝ᫂ࢆཷࡅࡓࠋ⦎⩦ヨ⾜࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ㦂่⃭࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿⱁ⬟ே 4 ྡࡢ㢦෗┿ࡢ㢦ࡢ࠿ ⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ཬࡧ♫఍ⓗ࠿ ᮏᐇ㦂࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓձᕥど㔝࡛ࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉホࢃ࠸ࡉ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟ᑠࡉ࡞್࡛࠶ࡿࡇᐃ㸪ղྑど㔝࡛ࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉホᐃ㸪ཬࡧ஦๓ㄪᰝ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪⏨ᛶࡀዪᛶࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿ㝿ࡣ㸪࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓճᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉホᐃ್㸪մ♫఍ⓗ♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡴࡋࢁᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉホᐃ್ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪4 ✀㢮ࡢ೫┦㛵ಀᩘࡢぢ᪉ࡔࡅࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

ࢆᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡈ࡜࡟⟬ฟࡋࡓࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪a.

 ࡲࡓ㸪ど㔝ࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ᭷ពഴྥ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ

♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉմ࡛ࣃ࣮ࢩࣕࣝ࢔࢘ࢺࡋࡓࠕᕥ

(F (1, 26) = 3.06, p = .092, ηො 2p =.08)ࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪ᕥど㔝࡛ࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉホᐃձ࡜ᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉճࠖࡢど㔝࡟▐㛫ᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㢦࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉホ೫┦㛵ಀᩘ㸪b. ᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉճ࡛ࣃ࣮ࢩࣕࣝ࢔ᐃ (M = 0.15) ࡀ㸪ྑど㔝࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉホᐃ࢘ࢺࡋࡓࠕᕥど㔝࡛ࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉホᐃձ࡜♫఍ⓗ(M = 0.13) ࡼࡾࡶ㸪࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢホᐃᇶ‽࡟㛵㐃࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࠖࡢ೫┦㛵ಀᩘ㸪c. ♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉմࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪⏨ᛶࡣ㸪࡛ࣃ࣮ࢩࣕࣝ࢔࢘ࢺࡋࡓࠕྑど㔝࡛ࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉྑど㔝 (ᕥ༙⌫) ࡼࡾᕥど㔝 (ྑ༙⌫) ࡛㸪ࡼࡾホᐃձ࡜ᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉճࠖࡢ೫┦㛵ಀᩘ㸪d. ᛶ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࢆᐹ▱ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉմ࡛ࣃ࣮ࢩࣕࣝ࢔࢘ࢺࡋࡓࠕྑど㔝⏨ᛶ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㸪ዪᛶࡢ㢦ࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉุ᩿࡟ࡣ㸪࡛ࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉホᐃձ࡜♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉճࠖࡢ೫ᕥど㔝 (ྑ༙⌫) ඃ఩࡜࠸࠺ࣛࢸࣛࣜࢸ࢕ࡀᏑ┦㛵ಀᩘࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪඲࡚ࡢ೫┦㛵ಀᅾࡍࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ࡢ᭷ពഴྥࡣ㸪ᩘ࡟ Fisher ኚ᥮ࢆ᪋ࡋࡓ್ࢆ㛵㐃ᙉᗘࡢᣦᶆ࡜

ᐇ㉁ⓗ࡟ࡣᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢ Fisher ್࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡍࡿཧຍ⪅ෆ 2 せᅉศᩓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢ

ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ

Fisher ್ࡣ㸪ᕥど㔝࡛ࡶྑど㔝࡛ࡶ 0 ௜㏆ࡔ࠿

Fisher ್ࡢᖹᆒ್ࢆ Figure 4 ࡟♧ࡍࠋᛶⓗ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪⏨ᛶࡣ㸪▐㛫ⓗ࡟࠿ࢃࢃ࠸ࡉ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ Fisher ್ࡣᕥど㔝࡛ 0.299㸪ྑ࠸ࡉࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࡣᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢᇶ‽ࡀど㔝࡛ 0.259㸪♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ Fisher ್࣓࢖ࣥ࡟࡞ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢุ᩿ࡣྑど㔝 (ᕥ༙⌫) ࡼࡣᕥど㔝࡛ 0.001㸪ྑど㔝࡛−0.003 ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡾࡶᕥど㔝 (ྑ༙⌫) ࡛ඃ఩࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢᩥ⬦ࡢ୺୍᪉㸪஺஫స⏝ࡣ᭷ព࡛࡞࠿ࡗࡓ (F (1, 26) =ຠᯝࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓ (F (1, 26) = 12.28, p = .0017,0.06, p = .80, ηො 2p = .0002)ࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᕥど㔝 (ྑ༙ηො 2p =.32)ࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪▐㛫ᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㢦࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࠿⌫) ࡛ᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࢆ㸪ྑど㔝 (ᕥ༙⌫) ࡛♫ࢃ࠸ࡉホᐃࡀ㸪♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉ (M = −0.001) ࡼ఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࢆุ᩿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣゝ࠼ࡎ㸪௬ㄝࡾࡶᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉ (M = 0.279) ࡟ᙉࡃ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚ࡣᨭᣢࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㨩ຊࢆᢅࡗࡓ Guo et al.
(2011; Franklin & Adams, 2011) ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪ᨭ㓄ⓗ࡞ど㔝 (༙⌫) ࡣุ᩿ࡉࢀࡿ㨩ຊࡈ࡜࡟␗࡞
ࡾ㸪ᛶⓗ㨩ຊࡣᕥど㔝 (ྑ༙⌫) ࡛㸪♫఍ⓗ㨩ຊࡣྑど㔝 (ᕥ༙⌫) ุ࡛᩿ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᮏᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪⏨ᛶ࡟ࡼࡿ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉุ᩿ࡀ♫఍ⓗỈ‽࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃᛶⓗỈ‽࡟ࡢࡳᚑࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪࡞࠾࠿ࡘ㸪ࡇࡢุ᩿ࡀᕥど㔝 (ྑ༙⌫) ࡟࠾࠸࡚ඃ఩࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ Figure 4. ⏨ᛶ࠿ࡽዪᛶ࡬ࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉุ᩿࡟࠾ࡅࡿ Fisher ኚ᥮ᚋࡢ㛵㐃ᙉᗘࡢᖹᆒ್ࠋ ᐇ㦂 2ど㔝ࡢ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿࡟ᙉ࠸㛵㐃ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺᪉ἲࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ዪᛶࡀ⏨ᛶᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ ᒱ㜧኱Ꮫ࡟ᅾ⡠ࡍࡿዪᏊᩍ⫱Ꮫࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿ㝿㸪ど㔝ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣཷࡅ࡞㒊⏕ 25 ྡࠋᖹᆒᖺ㱋 20.48 ṓ (SD = 0.89) ࡛࠶࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪㸪஺஫స⏝ࡣ᭷ព࡛࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋᐇ㦂ࡣಶู࡟⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋࡗࡓ (F (1, 24) = 2.34, p = .14, ηො 2p = .0ͻ)ࠋ

ᐇ㦂ィ⏬ ど㔝 (2 Ỉ‽㸸ྑど㔝 vs. ᕥど㔝) ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ど㔝ᕪཬࡧ஺஫స⏝ࡀぢࡽࢀ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢᩥ⬦ (2 Ỉ‽㸸ᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉ vs. ♫ࡎ㸪୧ഃⓗ࡞ࣛࢸࣛࣜࢸ࢕࡟㛵ࡍࡿ௬ㄝࡣᨭᣢ఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉ) ࡢ 2 せᅉཧຍ⪅ෆィ⏬࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢཎᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᡂே⏨ᛶ࡟ᑐᐇ㦂ᮦᩱ ஦๓ㄪᰝ࡜ྠࡌ 15 ྡࡢ⏨ᛶ㢦ࡢ౑ࡋ࡚ࠕ࠿ࢃ࠸࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᑐ⏝௨እࡣᐇ㦂 1 ࡜ྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡍࡿ㐪࿴ឤࡀዪᛶཧຍ⪅࡟⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪ᡭ⥆ࡁ ᐇ㦂 1 ࡜ྠᵝࡢᡭ⥆ࡁ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋෆほሗ࿌࠿ࡽࡶఛࢃࢀࡓࠋ⌧௦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᡂே⏨ᛶ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠕ࠿ࢃ࠸࠸ࠖ࡜ᙧᐜࡍࡿሙ㠃ࡶ⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ዪᛶࡸᏊ࡝ࡶ࡜ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜ࡲࢀ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᐇ㦂 1 ྠᵝ㸪4 ✀㢮ࡢ೫┦㛵ಀᩘࢆᐇ㦂ཧຍ᪥ᖖⓗ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶࡴࡋࢁ㝈ᐃⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋዪᛶ⪅ࡈ࡜࡟⟬ฟࡋ㸪Fisher ኚ᥮ࢆ᪋ࡋࡓࠋFisher ್ཧຍ⪅ࡀᢪ࠸ࡓ㐪࿴ឤࡣࠕᡂே⏨ᛶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࠿

ࡢᖹᆒ್ࢆ Figure 5 ࡟♧ࡍࠋᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉ࡟㛵ࢃ࠸ࡉุ᩿ࠖࡀ≉Ṧ࡞せồ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿ

ࡍࡿ Fisher ್ࡣᕥど㔝࡛ 0.602㸪ྑど㔝࡛ 0.680㸪

ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ Fisher ್ࡣᕥど㔝࡛−0.120㸪ྑど㔝࡛−0.180 ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

ࡇࡢࡇ࡜ཬࡧ♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟ᑠࡉ࡞್࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ᐇ㦂 1 ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢᩥ⬦ど㔝ࡢཧຍ⪅ෆ 2 せᅉศᩓ⤖ᯝྠᵝ㸪ዪᛶࡀ⏨ᛶࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࢆ▐㛫ⓗ࡟ุศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢᩥ⬦ (F (1, 24) =᩿ࡍࡿሙྜࡶ㸪♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡴࡋηො 2p = .88)

ࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ᭷ព࡛࠶ࢁᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢぢ᪉ࡔࡅࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪▐㛫ᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㢦࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࠿ࢃࡽࢀࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪⏨ᛶྠᵝ࡟ዪᛶࡶ㸪▐㛫ⓗ࠸ࡉホᐃࡀ㸪♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉ (M = −0.15) ࡼࡾ࡟ࡣ㸪ᛶⓗ࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࡟࠾࠸࡚␗ᛶࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉ

ࡶᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉ (M = 0.64) ࡟ᙉࡃ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࢆぢฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᐇ㦂 1 ࡢ⏨ᛶཧຍ⪅࡜㐪࠸㸪ᐇ㦂 2 ࡢዪᛶཧ176.66, p < .0001,

୍᪉㸪ど㔝ࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ (F (1,ຍ⪅࡛ࡣ㸪♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢ್ࡀᕥど㔝ཬࡧྑηො 2p = .0ʹ㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪▐㛫ᥦ♧ど㔝࡜ࡶ࡟࣐࢖ࢼࢫࡢ್ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪♫ࡉࢀࡓ㢦࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉホᐃࡣ㸪ྑど㔝㸪ᕥ఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢ Fisher ್࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪0 ࡜ẚ㍑ࡍ24) = 0.38, p = .54,

ࡿ t ᳨ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᕥど㔝㸪ྑど㔝࡜ࡶ࡟᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓ (ࡑࢀࡒࢀ t (24) = 2.87,p < .01; t (24) = 4.79, p < .001)ࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ዪᛶ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪▐㛫ᥦ♧ࡋࡓሙྜࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉุ᩿ࡣ㸪ࡌࡗࡃࡾ᫬㛫ࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚⾜ࡗࡓ♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉุ᩿࡜ࡣ┿㏫ࡢฎ⌮ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋዪᛶࡣ㸪▐㛫ⓗ࡟࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࡣᛶⓗ࡞ᇶ‽ࡀ࣓࢖ࣥ࡟࡞ࡾ㸪஦๓ㄪᰝࡢ≧ἣࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪㢦่⃭ࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࢆࡌࡗ
Figure 4. ዪᛶ࠿ࡽ⏨ᛶ࡬ࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉุ᩿࡟
࠾ࡅࡿ Fisher ኚ᥮ᚋࡢ㛵㐃ᙉᗘࡢᖹᆒ್ࠋࡃࡾ࡜ྫྷ࿡ࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࡣ㸪♫఍ⓗ࡞ᇶ‽ࡶຍ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ⥲ྜ⪃ᐹࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪⏨ᛶ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳ㸪ᕥど஦๓ㄪᰝ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪⏨ዪ࡜ࡶ࡟␗ᛶࡢ㢦࡟ᑐ㔝 (ྑ༙⌫) ඃ఩࡜࠸࠺␗ᛶࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉุ᩿ࡢࡍࡿࠕ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࠖ࡜࠸࠺ឤᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᜊឡᑐ㇟ࣛࢸࣛࣜࢸ࢕ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕᛶⓗࠖ࡞ほⅬ࡜㸪ឡᎲ㸪ឡ᝿㸪ேࡢ࡞ࡐ⏨ᛶࡢࡳ࡛ྑ༙⌫ඃ఩ࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉุ᩿࡟Ⰻࡉ㸪࠿ࢃ࠸ࡆ࡞࡝ࡢ௰㛫࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕ♫఍ⓗࠖ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ௒ᚋࡢㄢ

࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࡜࠸࠺␗࡞ࡿ 2 ࡘࡢぢ᪉ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ

㢟࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪௬ㄝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕ✀ࡢಖᏑࠖ࡜࠸࠺ほࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪஦๓ㄪᰝ࡛⤫ィⓗ࡟Ⅼࢆᣲࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ㸪ᐇࡶ༊ูࡉࢀࡓࡇࡢ 2 ࡘࡢぢ᪉ࡣ㸪▐㛫ᥦ♧ࡉࢀ㝿ࡢ㓄അ⪅㑅ᢥ࡟ࡣ♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡸ♫఍ⓗࡓ㢦่⃭࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉホᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓᐇ㦂 1㨩ຊࡶ㔜せ࡞せ⣲࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪㢦ࡣே㛫ࡢ㑇ఏཬࡧᐇ㦂 2 ࡛ࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀࡎ㸪⏨ዪ࡜ࡶ࡟ࡴࡋࢁ

Ꮚࡢ㉁࡜೺ᗣ≧ែࢆ཯ᫎࡋࡓࢩࢢࢼࣝ࡜⪃࠼ᛶⓗ࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࡛ࡢࡳ㸪␗ᛶࡢ㢦࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࠿ࢃ

ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ (Kuraguchi & Ashida, 2015)ࠋᮏ

࠸ࡉࢆุ᩿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ᪥ᖖⓗ࡟ࡣ◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪⏨ᛶࡣ㸪ዪᛶࡢ㢦ࡢࠕ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࠖࠕᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࠖࠕ♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪࡟ඃ⚽࡞㑇ఏᏊ᝟ሗࢆぢฟࡍㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡜㛵ಀ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࢆ༊ูࡍࡿ⾲⌧ࡣ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪⏨ᛶᐇ㦂 1 ཬࡧᐇ㦂 2 ࡟࠾࠸࡚ホᐃࡉࢀࡓࠕ࠿ࢃ࠸࡟ࣛࢸࣛࣜࢸ࢕ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ࡜ࡣゝ࠼㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡉࠖࡢព࿡ࡀ⮬↛࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࡣ㸪ᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢᇶ‽࡬ࡢ཰᮰ࡣ␗ᛶࡢ㢦࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᪥ᖖⓗ࡞ព࿡࡛ࡢࠕ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࠖ⏨ᛶࡼࡾࡶዪᛶࡢ᪉ࡀ⣲᪩࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࡣ㸪ᙧᐜࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠕᛶⓗࠖ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㢦ࢀࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪✀ࡢಖᏑ௨ୖ࡟㔜せ࡞せᅉࡢᏑ࠿ࡽ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿ⾜ືࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡸࡋࡄࡉࢆໟྵᅾࡀ᥎ᐃࡉࢀ㸪௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀࠕ♫఍ⓗࠖ࡞࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ ࠕ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࠖ࡜࠸࠺᪥ᮏே≉᭷ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡢ࠶ࡽࢀࡿࠋᐇ㦂࡟࠾࠸࡚ぢฟࡉࢀࡓࠕᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡿឤᛶ◊✲ࡣ㸪㏆ᖺ࡟࡞ࡾ㸪ࠕ࠿ࢃ࠸࠸ᕤᏛࠖ࡜ࡉࠖ࡬ࡢഴಽࡣ㸪2 ࡘࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉุ᩿ฎ⌮ࡢ㏿࿧ࡤࢀࡿࣔࣀ࣭ࢥࢺ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢ◊✲ࡀࡉࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᚎࠎ࡟㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (኱಴, 2017)ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪㢦ࡲࡓ㸪≉࡟ዪᛶཧຍ⪅ࡣ㸪♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢࡢࠕ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࠖ࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࡛ࡢ◊✲ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࠋホᐃᇶ‽࡜ࡣ㏫ഴྥࡢホᐃࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀࠕ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡟᫂☜࡞ᐃ⩏᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓ (ᐇ㦂 2)ࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪⯆࿡῝࠸ࡇࢆ୚࠼࡟ࡃ࠸࡜࠸࠺஦᝟ࡶ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࣛࢸࣛ࡜࡟㸪ᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢホᐃᇶ‽࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡢᙉࡉࣜࢸ࢕ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ␗ᛶࡢ㢦ࡢࠕ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࠖ࡟ࡘࡣ⏨ᛶཧຍ⪅ࡼࡾࡶዪᛶཧຍ⪅ࡢ᪉ࡀ㧗࠿ࡗ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡓࡢࡣ㸪ᡃࠎࡀ▱ࡿ㝈ࡾ㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡀࡓ (ࡓࡔࡋ㸪⏨ዪ࡛౑⏝ࡋࡓ㢦่⃭ࡀ␗࡞ࡾ㸪᭱ึ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㢦ࡢ㨩ຊ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࣛࢸࣛࣜࢸ࢕┦㛵ಀᩘࢆồࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢホᐃᇶ‽ࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚

(Franklin & Adams, 2011; Guo et al., 2011) ࡯࡝࡛࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪┤᥋ⓗ࡞⤫ィศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ୙㐺ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢ㸪࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢࣛࢸࣛࣜࢸ࢕࡟ᛶᕪษ࡛࠶ࡿ)ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢⅬࡣ㸪⏨ᛶࡼࡾࡶዪᛶࡢ᪉ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧ࡋࡓⅬࡸᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡀ㸪␗ᛶࡢ㢦࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ᛶⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࡢฎ⌮ࢆ⣲㸭♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉ࡜࠸࠺ほⅬࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ◊✲㡿ᇦ᪩ࡃ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜㸪ࡲࡓ㸪ዪᛶࡢ➃⥴࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡀ␗ᛶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ♫఍ⓗ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࢆ㸪▐㛫ⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪 ࡓࡔࡋ㸪㢦ࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪௚ࡢ㢦ㄆ▱୍᪦ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡟ᤊ࠼ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࡶ◊✲ࡼࡾࡶ㸪౑⏝ࡍࡿ㢦่⃭㸪≉࡟ຍᕤ᪉ἲࡢࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙳ㡪ࢆ኱ࡁࡃཷࡅࡿྍ⬟ᛶ࡟ὀពࡍࡿᚲせࡀዪᛶ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ど㔝࡟ࡼࡿ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉホᐃࡢ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᮏ◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿ஦๓ㄪᰝཬࡧᐇ㦂㐪࠸ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀ㸪⏨ᛶ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᕥど㔝࡛࡛ࡢ㢦่⃭ࡣ㸪㢦ࡢ㨩ຊ◊✲࡛ࡶࡋࡤࡋࡤ⏝࠸ࡼࡾ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࢆุ᩿ࡋࡸࡍ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡽࢀࡿ෗┿ຍᕤ࡟ࡼࡾసᡂࡉࢀࡓࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪 㢠ࢆฟࡋࡓ┿㢦࡛᧜ᙳࡋࡓ෗┿ࢆ୸ࡃษࡾᢤࢆ⛉Ꮫࡍࡿ― Ἑฟ᭩ᡣ᪂♫ࡁ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣞࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ࡟⤫ไࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺᪉ἲ࡛࠶

Kuraguchi, K., & Ashida, H. (2015). Beauty andࡿࠋ୍㒊ࡢᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅࠿ࡽࡣࠕ࠿ࢃ࠸࠸ࠖ࡜࠸

cuteness in peripheral vision. Frontiers in࠺ࡼࡾࡶࠕᛧ࠸ࠖ࡜ឤࡌࡓ࡜࠸࠺ෆほሗ࿌ࡀ࠶Psychology,ࡗࡓࠋࡶࡋ࠿ࡍࡿ࡜㸪㢦ㄆ▱◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿᚑ᮶

/fpsyg.2015.00566

6,566.

doi:

10.3389ⓗ࡞ຍᕤ᪉ἲࡀඖࡢ㢦෗┿ࡢ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࢆῶᑡ

Landy, D., & Sigall, H. (1974). Beauty is talent: Taskࡉࡏࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡉࢆ㸪㢦❧ࡕࡔࡅ

evaluation as a function of the performer’s࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪㧥ᆺ㸪➗㢦࡞࡝ࢆྵࢇࡔᴫᛕ࡜ࡋ࡚

physical attractiveness. Journal of Personalityྲྀࡾᢅ࠼ࡿ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡶᚲせࡔࢁ࠺ࠋand Social Psychology, 29 (3), 299-304.
Maor, E., & Jost, E. (2014). Beautiful geometry.

ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩Princeton University Press.

Cunningham, M. R. (1986). Measuring the physical(࣐࣮࢜ࣝ, E.࣭ࣚࢫࢺ, E. 㧗ᮌ 㝯ྖ (┘ヂ)in physical attractiveness: Quasi-experiments on✄ⴥ ⰾᡂ࣭Ἑ㷂 ဴႹ࣭⏣୰ ฼ྐ࣭ᖹ⃝ ⨾the sociobiology of female facial beauty. Journalྍ୕࣭ྜྷ⏣ ⪔ᖹ (ヂ) (2015). ⨾ࡋ࠸ᗄఱᏛ

of Personality and Social Psychology, 50 (5),୸ၿฟ∧)925-935.
኱ᆓ 㑳ኵ (1997). 㨩ຊࡢᚰ⌮Ꮫ ࣏࣮ࣛᩥ໬◊✲ᡤᐑỌ ⨾▱௦ (2009). ⨾ዪࡢ㦵᱁―ྡ⏬࡟㞃ࡉࢀࡓ⛎ᐦ― 㟷᫓ฟ∧♫
Mueser, K. T., Grau, B. W., Sussman, S., & Rosen,኱ᆓ 㑳ኵ (2000). 㢦ࡢ㨩ຊ࡜ㄆ▱㸸♫఍ᚰ⌮Ꮫ

A. J. (1984). You’re only as pretty as you feel:ⓗᒎᮃ ᪥ᮏ໬⢝ရᢏ⾡⪅఍ㄅ, 34 (3), 241-Facial expression as a determinant of physical248.

attractiveness. Journal of Personality and Social኱ᆓ 㑳ኵ (⦅ⴭ) (2001). ໬⢝⾜ືࡢ♫఍ᚰ⌮Ꮫ―໬⢝ࡍࡿே㛫ࡢࡇࡇࢁ࡜⾜ື― ໭኱㊰᭩ᡣFranklin, R. G., & Adams, R. B. (2010). The twoPsychology, 46 (2), 469-478.
∹⏣ ῟ (2010). ᪥ᮏேࡢዲࡁ࡞ᙧ࡟࠾ࡅࡿẚ⋡ࡢ◊✲ ᮾிᕤⱁ኱Ꮫⱁ⾡Ꮫ㒊⣖せ, 16,45-54.

sides of beauty: Laterality and the duality of⻱ᕝ ❧ (1993). 㢦ࡢ㨩ຊ࡜㐍໬ ྜྷᕝ ᕥ⣖

facial attractiveness. Brain and Cognition, 72,Ꮚ࣭┈㇂ ┿࣭୰ᮧ ┿ (⦅) 㢦࡜ᚰ―㢦ࡢᚰ

300-305.

⌮Ꮫධ㛛― (pp. 46-65) ࢧ࢖࢚ࣥࢫ♫Guo, K., Liu, C. H., & Roebuck, H. (2011). I know⻱ᕝ ❧࣭ᒣཱྀ ┿⨾ (1993). ᛶᕪࡢᙉㄪࡀ㢦ࡢ

you are beautiful even without looking at you:ᡂ⇍࠾ࡼࡧ㨩ຊࡢㄆ▱࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪 ᪥ᮏ

Discrimination of facial beauty in peripheralᚰ⌮Ꮫ఍➨ 57 ᅇ኱఍Ⓨ⾲ㄽᩥ㞟, 779.

vision. Perception, 40, 191-195.
Halberstadt, J. (2007). Proximate and ultimate
origins of a bias for prototypical faces: An
cognitive account. In J. P. Forgas, M. G. Haselton,& W. von Hippel (Eds.), Evolution and the socialmind: Evolutionary psychology and socialす⏣ ṇ⛅ (2007). 㢦ࡢᙧࡢ⨾ࡋࡉ―ேయ⨾Ꮫࡢ◊✲ࡼࡾ― 㟷ፑ᭩ᡣ㉺ᬛ ၨኴ (2013). ⨾ேࡢṇయ―እぢⓗ㨩ຊࢆࡵࡄࡿᚰ⌮Ꮫ― ᐇົᩍ⫱ฟ∧኱಴ ඾Ꮚ (⦅ⴭ) (2017). ࠕ࠿ࢃ࠸࠸ࠖᕤᏛ ᮅ಴᭩ᗑcognition (pp. 245-262). Psychology Press.

Paquet, D. (1997). Miroir mon beau miroir: Uneཎᓥ ༤࣭㤿ሙ ᝆ⏨ (1996). ேࡢ㢦ࢆኚ࠼ࡓࡢ

histoire de la beauté? Paris: Éditions Gallimard.

ࡣఱ࠿―ཎே࠿ࡽ⌧௦ே㸪ᮍ᮶ேࡲ࡛ࡢࠕ㢦ࠖ(ࣃࢣ, D. ▼஭ ⨾ᶞᏊ (┘ಟ) ᮌᮧ ᜨ୍(ヂ) (1999). ⨾ዪࡢṔྐ―⨾ᐜ⾡࡜໬⢝⾡ࡢ Ablex Publishing.
ᒣཱྀ ┿⨾ (2010). ⨾ேࡣᚓࢆࡍࡿ࠿ࠕ㢦ࠖᏛධ

5000 ᖺྐ― ๰ඖ♫)㛛 㞟ⱥ♫Rhodes, G., Harwood, K., Yoshikawa, S., Nishitani,M., & McLean, I. (2002). The attractiveness ofZebrowitz, L. A. (1997). Reading faces: Window toaverage faces: Cross-cultural evidence andthe soul? Westview Press.

possible biological basis. In G. Rhodes & L. A.

(ࢮࣈࣟ࢘࢕ࢵࢶ, L. A. ⩚⏣ ⠇Ꮚ࣭୰ᑿ ࡺZebrowitz (Eds.), Advances in visual cognition,࠿ࡾ (ヂ) (1999). 㢦ࢆㄞࡴ―㢦Ꮫ࡬ࡢᣍᚅVol.1.

― ኱ಟ㤋᭩ᗑ)

Facialattractiveness:

Evolutionary,cognitive, and social perspectives (pp. 35-58).
 