Bull. Natn. Sc i. M us., Tokyo, Ser. B, 23(3), pp. I03- 11 3, September 23 , 1997

Classification and Distribution of Smilacina species (Liliaceae) in Japan
Hiroshi Takahashi
Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Gifu Un ivers ity, Gifu, 50 1- 11 Japan

Abstract Having new materials at hand, Japanese Smilacina are taxonomically revised. As a result, four species. S. japonica, S. robusta, S. virid!fiora and S.
yesoensis, are recognized as distinct species. The former two species are characterized by having hermap hrodite flowers and long styles, while the latter two species by
having uni sexua l flowers (d ioecious) and styles shorter than 2/3 times as long as
ovary. S. japonica is c learly distinguished from S. robusta by having styles longer
than ovary, non trifid stigmas, hairs of inflorescence being 0.3- 0.8 mm long, rhi zomes be ing ea . 5 mm across and internodes of rhi zome being 1.5- 3 cm long. On theother hand, S. viridiflora is c learly distinguished from S. yesoensis by havi ng styles
longer than half as long as ovary, pubescent inflorescence, rhizomes being ea.
1- 1.5 cm across and internodes of rhizomes be ing I cm long. Based on the herbarium speci mens deposited in G IFU, GPM, KANA, KYO, SHIN, Tl and TNS, distribution maps of these four species are given. Plants of S. robusta lac king flowers is very
similar to S. viridiflora . Thus all specimens examined of them for the present study
are cited in the appendix.

Key words :B:<f,73'~ ,.::z.. ;f- -If' -IT, ~ o ; \ .::z.. ;f- -If' -IT,
73'-;ffi', Smi/acina.

-t < r .::z.. ;f- -!f'-lj-, J \ Jlrj- .::z.. ;f- -If' -IT,

B ;<f ~:;i'-t 6 .::z.. ;f- -If' -IT ~fill~~: --.:J v' "f*# ( 1934 ) L:l:, B ;<fO))j!f]:ill±Jh~~:Ji!. G n 6 fi ~.::z..;f--!f'-IT, ~ o ; \.::z..;f--!f'-IT, -t< r.::r..;f--!f'-IT ( :t :t
1 \.::z.. ;f- -If' -IT ) 0) 3 fi ~ ~?.?..16 t.= . .:. n c_:d i a.Jil!llt l'j:fi t Jll. 7'j: ~ n, ~it 1v e:, r,~:ll!! t ~ n 6 .:. t-/){l'j: iJ' --:; t-: -/){, 1983 if: ~=mu::J: -t < r .::z.. ;f--!f'-!j-O))E~ ~=\;> -c~./f L. v' .5\!.Wf. ~ 3€~ L. t-:. 11,# ( 1934) O)~~JtO)f&, 1 \ Jv -t .::z.. ;f- -If'-IT iJ{~C.ll& ~ n t.= iJ{ (:<f 83, 193 5) , .:. O)tEn,'
f?lv-tt-r7t£:fi~ EI(Jij: !JHlii~fr-::>t-: F>~ .

"'.:)

*

~=

"'.:) -c\;>~;:J::f:.5\!_f;{7]'-1,p;/'l-c \;> 6.

"'.:):fJ,.U!Nili.::r.. ;f--!f'-IT ~ 0)~ <O)f~* ~ t~~t-t 6 ~~ ~ t;f -s, .:. n 1 -c·O) r.,~:ll!! ~ = v, -c - JE:
t .16-c .t:> ~ t-:v'. 1 t-:, J\ Jv-t ..::z..;f--!f'-IT!Hl-.5\!.J:. -t< r .::z..;f--!f' -IT~: J:<1tl. -c v' 6 t-: .16 , Lii' L. lfli H:~~ --;; -c ll'fl)E ~ h6. -f.:. -c· t~:<fiJ' G1~ G h6 jitijfiO)Jf~i!l0).5\!.M~f~t-:0)-z'·i104~~-~ttftL~ .

:iFT J., cc <b 1:,~~~~. ~ ~-~~~~ B* B~~~~--~~~**~&~~W~h G ~:]-)" 7{p ~:iF L ~ ;t3 ~ t::. v'.

l~*{i TNS, TI , KYO, SHIN, KANA,GlFU ( ill~ ¥*¥), GPM ( ill~¥!1¥. t:(IJ:~P;~g) 1:1/~Jii~h~v' l.Jt~ H~BtLt::..

"'\'? ~-~::f·if'-tt ( -2. f.:' I) ~::f-!f-tt ) 0)~~ tfQ~
8 *I:Bi" J.,~::f·tf~-Smilacina ~ lit: "'Jv'~ ti , S. japonica A. Gray ( .:r.::f ·tf~) c
S.yesoensisFranch .et Sav. ( l::O/\~::f·tf~ ) ~Bc~t:m~ . 9# (1928) IF~ ~--~J~::f-!f~~;fOi;cc<bt: S.viridif/oraNakai ~9€*Lt::.. *# (1934) {i, ::...~~ F 1 J~~ -tf~/J{
1:: 0 J \~~-If'~ S. yesoensis {: ~ t::. J., <b ~ c L ~, 9;t N.. !1¥. * ill~ L1J B ~ <b ~ ~ S. hondoensis
Ohwi c L ~$1ft::. I: Be~ L t::.. ::... ~a;f* #ti :t ;tu~-~~-lf-~ c v'-? tDi; ~ftttt::./Jf, 1~** ..t'"{i-\'"7 ~~~-If- ~~ ffl v', ~~f&~ 8 *1il~ ~t (*# . 1953, 1965 ) -c- <b -\'? ~ ~~-lf-~~fflv'~v'l.J . lj:;B, ~tttli!J' ( 1964) Utfr (1982 ) 'i*# ( 1934) ~Jil.:fll¥~~'t
1.

Ah~v'l.l .

rnl ( 1983 ) {i, 9 # ( 1928 ) /Jf ~ F 1) ~~-If' ~ c L t::. <b ~{iS. yesoensis Franch. et Sav.
c{i~lj:I'J , *# (1934 ) ~:t:t;~- ~~-lf-~ ( -t?~~~-tf~ ) t:ffi~-tJ.J'h~~a;J.Jc
v'-? Ji!.:flllf ~ lH L t::. . T 7j: b i?, :t :t J {~~ -If- ~ {: t§ ~ T J., <b ~ ti S. viridiflora Nakai -c· if> 1J ,S. hondoensis {i~~~i;l:lj:J.,cv'-7~-r:· J;J.,. it::., m.: ( 1983 ) {j:;fOi;t:-::Jv'~. :t:t;\~~-lf- ~/Jfl:: o 1\~~-lf-~ c flil t.::. <b ~ I: Jtl v' G ht::. fJ , ~~-lf·~~*m!~ <b ~ t:~~ G
h t::. I) L ~ ~ t::. ~ -r:·i!l!iL ~ *i"~.s':h/Jfj; J., C L ~, S. viridiflora {: {j: ~ F 1) ~~-If'~~ ffl
v'l.J::...c~.:E.*Lt::. . i~Jk ( 1983 ) {j:}Jj'( (1983 ) c [ii] t.::. Ji!.:flllf~c -?~v'l.J .
¥i; 1: -::J v' ~ {i , S. hondoensis/Jf S. virid!flora c flill.i ~ if> J., c T J., rnl ( 1983 ) ~.:E.* t:;fJ..
<b~JlX:-c·J;J.J . L/J'L , e:·- ~;foi;~fflv'l.J/J'I:~L~Ii , ;fJ..{i ~ Jilt-c·~ lj:v' . ::;, }/ 1 ) ~~-lf-~,i 1:: o J\~~-lf- ~~53 !J i; c L ~ -Rv' ra9ffl v' G h ~*~ v' l.J ~-c·, ¥i; c ;l:tt::iF ~ h ~v' 7j: v' C , -'\=' {j: I) i!l!iL T J., ~§:h!Jfj; J.,. ;fOi; ~ ;fri'i;1JU\;/Jf~v'::... C-c· <b if> 1J , S. viridiflora ( =S. hondoensis ) ~to i; t L ~ :EJI.:ff J: <ffl v' G h ~ v' J.J -\' " I-~~ -If-~ ~ wffl i" J.J ::...
c /Jf, i!l!iL ~~~H.LH: <v'J.I:~J.J <b ~c.~.-? .

2.

J\Jv7 ~::f-!f-tt
I\Jv-t ~~-lf-~ {i!J'Sc !lltc *B31:J:-?~ l.ic L~~C.~~ht::.

(*83 . 1935 ) . *# (1953 )
ti::... h ~ ~~-lf-~~~l.iS. japonica var. robusta (Makino et Honda) Ohwi c L, ~ < ~ A./J{::...~tlkv'~7JH2L~v'l.l ( ~tHti/J', 1964; 1:t¥r. 1982). L/J'L, *#g:l:!it{i~~f&.
::... h ~~$Jl.~l.i c T J., Jli.M t:&~ t::. (* #. 1965) . iilJ!llt ( 1996) <b. I \ )V T ~~-If-~ li~~-lf-~t:toi<ili:$ii~if>J.J/Jf,ti-?~ fJ c7t1tLt::.l.i~<fJJ.Jc L~v'l.l .

1 \Jv-t~~-lf- ~ti[llijtl:::ft:~fifi?,;ft:tf/J{ffi:\t' c v'-? -~ ~~~-lf-~t: 1J;J, t::. c::... 0/J{j;J., <b
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3 mm li c,l: 7j: J., ((.11j ~li/J', 1996) . 1ji:Jt {ijli11j <::ft:}T; ~~~ J., c 60- 100(- 130)cm 1: 7j: fJ'
10- 50(- 60) cm ~~~ -If- ~ J: fJ f-? c * ~ < 7j: J., . ~~~ti, !ji:Jt c ~if!J"if> l.J c.~, bhl.J /Jf, (3-)4-7(-8)1~ ~~~-lf-~ t:M L ~ (8- )IO- I5 1ti:Ji-t l.J. ~ L ~, 1ilJ J: IJ 1~ £/J"*~ < ~ 7j: J., . ~~-If'~ ~1~£ tHm < (f:I 5 mm "Mf&) ' ~l'i ra9 /Jf 1.5- 3 cm a; J., ~ I:M L ~' I \Jv -t ~~-If-~ ti 7,;: < ~ ~n ra9 /Jf~Jl v' ( I cml¥Ji) t::. ~ ~!*~;!U: 7j: l.J (* B3, 1935; i~lk,
~~.

105
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tJ:-c· il'J 1.> 0) r:M L -c , "V 7 ~ ..:1. .:t- +f+r li i'i'li ~ (30)40- 75(- 90) cm -c·, ~ li (5- )6- 10(- 12) tJ:
c 1\ Jv -t ..:1. .:t- ·tf+r r: lt L -c 1--' tj v '.

c.

Figs. 1- 3. Hairs on the inflorescences of Smilacina robusta ( 1), S. viridiflora (2) and S. japonica(3). Bar= 1 mm.

106
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71-:ffi

fifllE. Lt..:f~:;;f;:~~~:, ~f.i0)00i*J~:i>lt 673';ffi"~~ 4-7 ~=~-t .
.2 .::t- 4f'1J li~t#iJiiiJ' G :711+1i -c· <10 fJ , ~t B :;;fi:O) 'b 0) li{~~~tfiJ'* ~ <, [§"" B :;;fi:O) 'b 0)
li'J'ru ~= 7J: 6 1tJiJoJ7'J' <10 6 . ~~l¥1~di rg 1'i'l ~ ~ "@;" cl6 -r 'Hf~~ ~::: Ji1. G h. , Ji: ~= i:J:I OO~t"Jf£
if~ · 7 .t-- Jv i -c·<10 6 . *# ( 1953, 1965 ) li.::. h.~:1Ja.i "l '7 .A 1J- 1::: 'b 71-;ffi"T 6 t L,
Wang et al. (1978 ) li$000)ii§""f:fllt l¥if!i~H~ <±t!!i:!OC~.:Jt <71-;ffi""T 6 t L "lv'6.
J\Jv-j-.:J...:f-4f'1Jii~i!iff ±t!! O)tl$.~~tl~ iJJ O)Jli:illO)IliJ', B:lt ( ~:e:-, 1955 ) , ffi:!llt!Jil.
J¥i[§""f!i~ (Ji:mt, 1987), 1$~1 11 ~ ( t$~JI I !Jil.t~~[tw.J:l~ , 1988 ) , tl!t¥~ (f,ili ~LiiJ ',1996) ~H(H~7t;ffi" ±t!! iJ'ItiJL:) "l ~ "l v' t..:iJ', f" h.~:1Ja .i "l~j!lliJ!Jil., t~#~ , ~t -~~~: 'b ff:
1fT 6 .::. t iJ'biJ' -::>f..: . t~#!Jil. 1.: --.:J v' -r li±i!!]CO)iJt:illlE.~ f\;;iJ'FlV.:3n, ftv' -r i> G h., .E\;0)
1*~ · fifllE.~:J: 6~::<j(iJ'~1111*-¥:~:*-Pl&'JGh."lv'6 . M.~li*j[_iJJiJ'G~:;;f;: (z . Tashiro
15 May 1909, KYO) 1J'1* G h."lv' 6. it..:, ffi"t~*-¥:': 1Hl00¥MI·I ~iJ' G O)J\Jv-t .2.::t-·W
1JO)j'~;;f;:'bli06 ( i:j:J~ !15 6 Aug. 1936; J. Ohwi 9 305 0) - f!i~ ) . tE"'::J"l, J\)v-j-.:J...:f--tf'-lj-li
i:J:If!i~±t!!7J ~ i:J:I { , t L t..: ±t!! i:!OC~.:1Ja X. -r , M.~ t rtd+l~ 1.: iJ'IHlh. -r7J';ffi"-t 6.::. t ~= 7J: 6 . *# ( 1934) IHt .~ ti:I'HI·I~ ~.: -t 7 I- .2 .::t- 4f'1J ( :t :t; {.:J.. .::t-4f'1J ) 7'J'<i0 6 t L t..:iJ' , .::. h. G
~ 1~ L t..: 'b 0) -c· <10 0 -J . f& 1: * # ( 1953, 1965 ) IHt -~ 0) 'b 0) li Smilacina japonica var.
mandshurica Maxim. -c·<l06 t :?§".it..: J: -J -c·<10 6 . ttffiim\f\;;li.::. 0).::_ t ~ffi"*O)~;;fi:7«Jv(Murata, l989 ) ~:13C. L"lv'6.
1'7 f..:J...::t-4f'1J0)7J';ffi"li, i:J:If!i~±t!!7J$l¥if!i~-c-;\Jv-t.:J...::t--tf.1Tt*~ <:i:7J: f), f"h.~:i:J:I
f!i~±t!!)J B :;;fi:#iJ 1~1JiJ' G"Jf£~t±t!!7Jl¥if!i~ i -c· t ~N.!Ji\.~1JO.it..:;"\ 7-/ 1:7J: "'::l "lv' 6 . ~~~tll.t¥
IJil. (~ ;j?.iHliJ'. 1996 ) -?~!llil!Jil.~-c·, jllljf.iiJ'~Ji~~=~~-t~L"lti:l~-tJ.>.:.tiJ'lit~?.?-~h."lv'l.>.

107

/

4

0

0

I

----

/'

/

/~
Figs. 4-5.

o/Distribution maps of Smi/acinajaponica in Japan (4) and S. robusta in Japan (5).

L tJ' L. M-~~ i~ 1+1 1EJ ~:-\"'" ~ .::L-'\'- ·tf-tt -/J{ ~ 7.:> iJ' t··-? tJ' . lJI.±t!!a~WHlt-/J{~ i h 7.:> .
t. o ; \ .::L :t- ·lf -tt ~ i 9J g:~ :lt!r1J 1J, GJ!U tit!! 1J o}<f:!iJ~i LlJ 7ff ~ 9J .c.,~: 7J- :tn -t 1.:> • u i' u i'HHtil ~n ·n., 1.:> J: -? ~=. 0) ¥::t'i t ~± ~nl ~= ~t im:ili ~= ti JJ-:tn L -r v, 7j: v,.

::.

108

6

7

Figs. 6- 7.

Distribution maps of Smilacina viridiflora (6) and S. yesoensis (7).

f~::<j(fjl:\ltO) ifJ!:§: ~§t -::> "lv•t.:t-.:\·•t.: TNS , TI, KYO, SHIN, KANA, GPM 0)-'t- .:~.-

O)~,fiH.:~~tEf! L. ...t ff'i"t .

v- 7-

109

Smilacina robusta Maki no et Honda, Journ. Jap. Bot. 11 : 569 (1935); Ohwi, Fl. Jap. (Rev. ed. ) 37 1
( 1965) - Smi/acinajaponica A. Gray var. robusta (Makino et Honda) Ohwi , Fl. Jap. 36 1 ( 1953), Kitamura
et al. Col. Ill. Herb. Pl. Jap. (Monocot. ) 107 ( 1964); Satake, Wi ld Fl. Jap. Herb. 1:49 ( 1982).
Japanese name: Harunayukizasa.
Distribution: Honshu, Kyushu (Tshush ima lsl. ); Korea (Chej udo).
Specimens examined. Tochigi Pref. Nikko Nakimushiyama, N. Moritani May 15, 1955 & Jun. 11 , 1955
(TNS); Chuzenji-ko - Umakoshi , T. Yamazaki May 26, 1943 (TI); around Uratada in Nikko, H. lto (TI); Lake
Chuze nji in Nikko, S.Kawano May 29, 1965 (TI); Taisei-zan in Nikko, no co ll ector name Jun . 19, 1978 (TI);
Nikko, T. Tuyama Jun. 1- 2, 1935 (KYo); Ashio to Hosootoge in Ash io-cho, M. Tagawa & G. Murata 29 (KYO);
Hosoo-touge in Ash io-machi, Murata et al. May 26, 1962 (TI); Kuriyama in lmaich i City, H. Ohashi I I 070(KANA); Hangetsu-touge in Nikko-cho, K. Ogawa Jun . 16, 194 1 (KANA). Gunma Pref. Mt. Haruna-san in Prov.
Kozuke, T. Sakai Jun . I 0, 1934 (holotype in Tl); Tenjin-touge in Mt. Maruna-san, T. Sakai Jun . I 0, 1934 (TNS,Tl); Mt. Haruna-san, T. Wakana 5698 {TNS), M. Nakamura May 27, 1935 (T1); lakes ide of Haruna-ko, M. Honda
Jun. 12, 1935 (TI), Y. Naoe May 3 1, 1964 {TNS), T. Wakana I 0837 (KANA); Mt. Kamongadake in Mts. Haruna, Y.
Nakam ura 3537 (KYO), N. Naruhashi 1028 {KYO); Agatsuma-machi , T. Arai Jun . 10, 1969 (TNs); Hosh imata in
Tsumagoi-mura, A. Takizawa 2739 (K YO); Kitakaruizawa in Naganohara-cho, T. Yahara et al. 6833 {TI); Komochi-yama, M. Tobe Jun. 12, 1955 (TNS). Nagano Pref. Kitazawa in Mt. Yatsugatake, H. Koidzumi 8887 1(TNS); Mt. Yatsugadake, G. Murata 950 (KYO); Karuizawa, H. Hara, Jun . 17, 1957 (TI); Hirasawa in Minamimaki-mura, T. lkeda Jun. 1989 (SHIN); Meshimoriyama in Minamimaki-mura, Yamazaki Sep. 1984 (SHI N); Misawa
in Kawakami-mura, S. Ohno Oct. 1983 (SHI ); Experimental Forest of Shinshu Univ. in lna Ci ty, T. Shimi zu
23434 (SHIN); Shinnotochibora in Anan-machi,K. Asano 7726 (SHIN); Jibuzaka-touge in Nam iai-mura, Komatsu
Sep. 1982 (SHI N); Oosawaone in Mt. Oosawa-dake, Yamazaki et al. Aug. 2, 1954 (TI); Tsumago in Ki so-gun, M.
Yamada Jun . 5, 1926 (TNS); Mt. Kamuro-dake in Kiso Mountains, K. Asano 10906 (TI); Ogiwarazawa in Agematsu-machi, H. Okuhara May 1968 (SHI N); Yoshino in Agematsu-machi, H. Okuhara May 1985 (SH IN); Joyama
in Kisofukushima-machi , H. Okuhara Jul. 1986 & Jun. 1988 (SHI N); Tsuchiurazawa in Ootaki-mura, H. OkuharaAug. 1955 (SHI N); Hondani in Ootak i-m ura Aug. 196 1 (SHIN); Mizunashizawa in Ootak i-mura, H. Okuhara Aug.
1956 (SHI N); Miyanokoshi in Hi yos hi-m ura, H. Okuhara May 1961 & May 1983 (SHI N); Kawamiya in Mitakemura, S. Tate 23 10 (SHIN). Yamanashi Pref. Mt. Kushigata-yama in Masuho-machi, F. Konta & T. Yanagisawa
FK 16420 {TNS); Mitsu-touge, S. Okuyama Jun. 9, 1935 (TNS), S. Okuyama 22775 (TNS), M. Nagasawa 3300
{TNS), C. Ookawa Jul. 2 1, 1968 (TNS); Mt. Mitsutouge-yama, M. Togashi Jun . 19, 1938 (TI); Mt. Mitsutoge-yama
in Kawakuchiko-machi, J. Murata & H. T. lm 15 168 (TI); Mt. Kuro-dake in Kawaguchiko-cho, H. Katayama etal. FK7075 (TNS); Mt. Misak, S. Okuyama 13063 {TNs); Mt. Shakushi-dake in Minamitsuru-gun, M. Togashi
Sep. 15, 1967 (TI); Shimodaimonzawa in Mt.Hirokouchi-dake, H. Uematsu Aug. 2, 1949 (T1); Abe-touge, K.
Hisauchi 2556 (TI). Kanagawa Pref. Mt. Tougatake in Mts. Tanzawa, S. Okuyama 22862 {TNS). Shizuoka Pref.
Amagi-san in lzu, Y. Hayashi Jul. 2 1, 1954; Abe-touge in Umegash ima-m ura, J. Sugimoto Jun. 5, 1954 (TNs);
Abe-pass, F. Konta 10387 (TNS, KYO), S. Okuyama 2 11 85(a) (TNs); Abe-touge, H. Hara & S. Kurosawa Jun . 19,
1983 (TI); Mt. Senmai-dake, H. Matsuzawa Jun . 21 , 1954 (TI); Hatanagi to Yokokubo-lodge in lkawa-mura, F.
Konta et al. FK6 189 (TN S, KYO); lkawa-pass to Mt. Yanbushi-dake via Mt. Sasa-yama in Shizuoka City, F. Konta
et al. E. Miki-235 {TNS). lsh ikawa pref. Kinonezaka in Mt. Hakusan, G. Nakai 3690 (KYo); Bettoudan i in Shiramine-mura, M. Hash imoto et al. 1031 (KYO). Fukui Pref. Karikomiike to Mt. Sannomine in Oono City, N.
Fukuoka & Y. lnamasu 509 (KYO); Mt. Arashima-dake in Oono City, S. Watanabe 31296, 31297, 31298, 3 1300,
3 130 1 (KYo); Mt. Nougouhakusan in Oono City, S. Watanabe 3 1337, 3 1338, 3 1339, 3 1340, 3134 1, 3 1342,
3 1344, (KYo); lchomine in Oono City, S. Watanabe 3297 1, 33007, 330 10 (KYO); Mt. Kyogatake in Oono City S.
Watanabe 32406 (KYO). Gifu Pref. Mannami in Miyagawa-mura, H. Takahashi 1815 (K YO); Amo in Kawai-mura,
H. Nagase Jul. 10, 1984 (GPM); Fukado in Kamioka-cho, H. Nagase 89788 (GPM), N. Futamura 5638 (GPM);
Norimasa in Gero-cho, N. Futamura 12654 (GPM); Mimayano in Gero-cho, N. Futam ura 4477 (G IFU, GPM); Mt.
Teradakoya-yama in Gero-cho N. Futamura Jul. I 0, 1995 (GIFU); Kurakake-touge - Shirakusa-yama in Gerocho, K. lnami Aug. 19, 1964 (GPM); Ooshirakawa in Shirakawa-mura, H. Nagase 88522 (GPM), H. Nagase 88545(KYO), H. Nagase Jul. 4, 1986 (G IFU), H. Nagase Jul. 11 , 1984 (GPM); Hi rase - Mt. Sanpokuzure-yama in OonoI.

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gun, M. Hashimoto 437 (KANA); Mt. Dainichi-san in Shirotori-cho, S. Watanabe 31238, 31239, 31240, 3 1243
(KYo) ; Suigogawa in Shirotori-cho, H. Takahashi & H. Takano 580 (KYO, GIFU) ; Nougo to the top of Mt.
Nougouhakusan, H. Takahashi 6007 (TNS, KYO); Mayumi-touge in Tsukechi-cho, K. lnam i Oct. I 0, 1963 (GPM).
Nagasaki Pref. Mt. Yatate-yama in Tsushima lsls., Z . Tashiro May 15, 1909 (Kvo) . KOREA. Mt. Hal1asan in
Chejudo, K. Nakajima Aug. 6, 193 ; Que1paur, J. Ohwi 9305 pp. (KYO).
2. Smilacina viridiflora Nakai, Rep . Veg. Kamikochi 36 and 42 (1928); Hara, Journ . Jap . Bot. 58:36 ( 1983).
Smilacina hondoensis Ohwi , Acta Phytotax . Geobot. 3: 124 (1934), Fl. Jap. 317 (1953), Fl. Jap. (Rev. ed.)371 (1965); Kitamura et a l. Co l. Ill . Herb. PI. Jap. (Monocot.) 108 (1964) ; Satake, Wild Fl. Jap . Herb. 1: 49(1982).
Japanese name:Yamatoyukizasa or Midoriyukizasa.
Di stributio n: Hon shu.
Specimes examined. Yamagata Pref. Mt. lide, no collector name Aug. 16, 1908 (TNs); Mt. Gassan, R.
Yatabe & S. Okubo Jul. 23 , 1887 (TI), T. Yamazaki Jul. 22 , 1942 (TI) ; Yudonosan, R. Yatabe & S. Okubo 192(TI) ; Mt. Koasahi-dake, H. Hara Jul. 9, 1959 (TI); Asahi-kosen to Chomei-sui in Mt.Asahi-dake, K. lwatsuki etal. 689 (Kvo) ; Mt. Asahi , H. Tabata Aug. 6, 1967 (KYo); Mt. lto-dake in Higashitagawa-gun, K. Mori Jul. 28 ,1962 (KANA). Fukushima Pref. Mt. Tashiro-yama, S. Okuyama 6839 (TNs) ; Ozenumajiri , S.Okuyama Jul. 23 ,1934 (TNs); Mt. Aizukomagatake, M. Suzuki Jul. 25 , 1963 (TNs); Futagi-yama, C. Ookawa Aug. 2, 196 1 (TNS);
between Makunoyu and Tsuchiyu in Mt. Azuma, H. Hara Jun . I 0, 1957 (T1); between Mt. Bandai andNakanoyu-touge, H. Hara & S. Kurosawa Sep. 28, 1980 (TI); Mt. Hiuchi-dake in Minamiaizu-gun, J. Ohwi & M.
Tagawa 531, 568 (Kvo); Ubaga-daira to Kagoyamainarisha in lwashiro-cho, N. Kurosaki 13440 (KYO, KA NA).
Tochigi Pref. Ubasak-touge in Nasu, H. Hara Jul. 4 , 1984 (TI). Gunma Pref. Suirenzawa in Minakami-machi , H.
Kanai A ug. I, 1959 (TI) ; Uenohara to Mt. Hotaka in Minakami-machi , S. Kurata & T. Nakaike 10070 (Kvo);
Tenjin-koya to Tanigawa in Minakami-cho, N. Kurosaki 6880 (Kvo); Shim izu-toge, M. Togashi Jun . 5, 1938 &T. Yamazaki Jul. 2, 1953 (TI); Mikuni-touge, H. Hara Jun. 20, 1959 (TI) ; Nishikurosawa in Mt. Tanigawa, T. Yamazak i Jun. 24, 1944 (T1); Yae-goya - Jukkokutoge in Ueno-mura, J. Murata 1981 (KYo); Nozori-ko Kamoshika-dai ra, C. Ookawa Jul. 23 , 1975 (TNS); Manza in Tsumagoi-mura, K. Masuda 3184 (TNS); Heipyokoya - Mt. Heipyo, S. Okuyama et al. 13209 (TNS); Mt. Heipyo - Motohashidou, H. Hara Jun. 21 , 1959 (TI) ;Fujimi-touge in Oze, I. Furusawa Jul. I 0, 1951 (TI); Ushikubi - Ayamedaira in Oze, T. Sakai Aug. 21 , 1934
(TI); Tokura - Ozegahara in Katashina-mura, Ohwi & Tagawa 197 (KYO). Saitama Pref. Mt. Kurnotori-yama, S.
Kurosawa Sep. 9, 1955 (TI) ; Yanagisawa-toge, T. Sato May 1972 (TI) ; Shoudokke in Mitsumine, S. Kurosawa
Sep. 9, 1955 (TI); Mt . Ryojin-yama, M. Tagawa 428 (KYO, KA NA), G . Koidzumi Jul. 6, 1930 (KYo); Tochimoto Jumonji-toge in Ootaki-mura, M. Kato & N. Fujita 102 (Kvo). Niigata Pref. Motohashi to Mt . Matsute-yama, Wof Mt. Tanigawa-dake, N. Naruhashi I 084 (Kvo); Mt. Naeba, S. Okuyama Jul. 19, 1936 (TNS), Z. Tashiro Jul. 29 ,1937 (KYo); Wada-goya to Kagura-mine in Mt. Naeba, H. Terao 957 (Kvo ); Otomiyama-touge, C. Ookawa Aug.
3, 1965 (TNS); Mt. Ogura-yama in Yunotani-mura, S. Kitamura & G. Murata 2829 (TNS, KYO) ; Takizawa to
Kanayama-dani in Naka-kubiki-gun, H. Koyama 7596 (KYo) ; Mt. Mamakazari-yama in ltoigawa Ci ty, M. lto etal. 5039 (KYo); Nihondaira-sanin Mikawa-mura, lkegami 45384 (KANA) ; Mt. Kurohime-yama in Oume-machi,
T. Ajima Jun . 2 1, 1975 (KANA). Nagano Pref. Nonomi in liyama C ity, Takahashi Aug . 1982 (SHIN); Nonomi-ike
in liyama City, Mochizuki 6128 (SHIN); Mt. Naeba in Sakae-mura, S. lto 4276 (SHIN) ; Okushiga in Sakae-mura,
Maruyama 1270 (sHIN); Mt. Togakushi in Togakushi-mura, C. Ookawa Jul. 28, 1960 (TNs); Nataura1 Garden in
Kinasa-mura, H. Takei Aug. 26, 1969 (KANA) ; Kayanotaira in Kijimataira-mura, R. Watanabe Jun. 1982 , H.
Toyokuni Jul. 1984 (SHIN); Shigakougen in Shimotakai-gun, H. Kanai Sep. 17, 1959 (TI), Y. Matsuda Jun . 1984
& Aug. 1984 (SHIN); lwasuge-yama in Yamanouchi-machi , Ooki Jul. 1989; Makuiwa in Yamanouchi-machi ,Watanabe Jun. 1982 (SHIN); Tsugaike-kogen in Otari-mura, T. Yahara 7122 (Kvo) ; Yutouge in Otari-mura, Shinshu Univ. Semin . 7 156 (SHIN) ; Kazefuki-dake in Otari-mura, lkegami Jul. 1983 (SH IN); Suigenchi in Otari-mura,
Shinshu Univ. Semin. 9573 (SHI N); Oomigawa in Otari-mura, Shinshu Univ. Semin. 7096 (SHI N); Hakubaji ri Ninomata in Hakuba-mura, J. Ohwi Aug. 15 , 16, 1951 (TNs ); Shirouma - Shimizu-dake, S. Okamoto Jul. 27,
1935 (KYo); Shiroumajiri - Sarukura in Hakuba-mura, Y. Furuse Lun. 1958 (SHIN); Minamimatairi in Hakubamura, Shinshu Univ. Semin.7077 (SHIN); Mt. Gaki-dake in Kita-azumi-gun, M. Funase 19100 (TNS); Sobodani - Gakidake in the North Alps, S. Okamoto Jul. 23, 1935 (Kvo); Yaodaira - Yunotouge in Otari-mura, H.
Kanai Jun . 22 , 1956 (TI); Mt. Myojin-dake in Mts. Hotaka, H. Koidzumi 18981 (TNS); Oomach i City - Oosawa-Illgoya, S. Okuyama & H. Utsumi 15579 (TNS); Oohiezawa in Oomachi City, S. Mimoro et al. 1506 (Kvo); Tokumoto-touge, T. Nakai Jul. 11 , 1927 (lectotype in Tl); Kamikouchi, R. Yoshii May 1933 (KYo); Kamikouchi in
Azumi-mura, Matsuda Aug. 1983 (SHIN), S. Saito Aug. 1983 (SHI N), H. Okuhara Aug. 1985 (SHIN); Maejonen in
Horiga ne-mura, Shinshu Univ. Semin. 1966 (SH IN); Mt. Chougatake in Horigane-mura, Shinshu Univ. Semin.
28 16 (S HI N); Tochiborazawa in Nakawa-mura, H. Okuhara Jul. 1985 (SH IN); Shimashima-dani, H. Kanai Oct. 17,
1953 (TI); Utsukush igahara in Matsumoto City, F. Yokouchi Jul. 13, 1980 (TNS); Hakamagoshi in Matsumoto
City, H. Okuhara Aug . 1987 (SHIN); Tobura-touge in Matsumoto City, T. Shimizu & K. Tsuchida 260 (SHIN); Mt.
Hachimori in Asahi-mura, E. Kinoshita 987 (Kvo); Hirogawarazawa in Hara-mura, T. Baba 1556 (SHIN) ; Shiraiwagatake in Fujimi-machi, H. Takei Aug. 27, 1987 (KANA, SHI ); Utsukushigahara in Takeishi-mura, H. Takei
Aug. l 8, 1954 (KANA); Mt. Fujimidai in Suwa-gun, K. Asano 19353 (TI); western slope of Mt. Nyugasa in Suwagun , H. Kanai et al. 9656 (TI); Mt. Nyugasa, Y. Oigo 1531 (KANA); Mt. Mitsumine-yama in Suwa City, S. Momose Jul. II , 1932 (T1); Mt. Kuruma-yama in Kirigamine, T. Yamazaki & K. Ono Aug. 15, 1948 (TI); Mt.
Tateshinayama in Tateshina-mura, T. Oomura 18362, 18379 (Kvo); Oodakegawa in Saku-machi, Nakayama Jun.
1987 (SH IN); Yachiho-mura, Nakayama 6591 (SHIN); Mt. Yatsugatake, G. Nakai Jul. 9, 1944 & Y. Yabe Aug. 19,
1902 (TI); Inter Umiziri et Honzawa-onsen in Mts. Yatsugatake, G . Murata & T. Horikawa I 075 (Kvo); Nobeyama in Minamimaki-mura, Yamazaki 8309, 833 1 (SHIN); Mt. Ogura-yama in Kita-aiki-mura, K. Sato 597 (TI), H.
Hara Aug . 12, 1958 (TI), Nakayama 161 (SHIN), H. Takei Aug. 1970 (SH IN); 5 km SE of Mt. Azusa in Kawakam imura, H. Takahashi 3682 (Kvo, GIFU); Azusayama - Jumonji-toge, S. Kitamura Jul. 16, 1963 (Kvo); Jumonjitoge in Kawakami-mura, S. Kitamura Jul. 16, 1963 (KYO), H. Takahashi 1378 (Kvo), T. lkeda May 1986 (SHI );3 km S of Mt. Mikuniyama in Kawakami-mura, M. Hotta 12227 (Kvo) ; Misawa in Kawakami-mura, S. Ohno
Oct. 1983 (SHIN); Mt. lnago-dake in Koumi-machi , H. Takei Jul. 26, 1963 (KANA); Niinosunada In lna City, K.
Asano 274 (SHI N); Experimental Forest of Shinshu Univ., W. of lna, T. Shimizu 23343 (KANA); Odaka-yama in
Ooshika-mura, M. Muramatsu 1651 (TNS); Mt. Toyoguchi-yama in Ooshika-mura, M. Muramatsu 19 17 (TNS),
K. Asano 3531 (TI), U. Furusawa & S. Kuraishi Jul. 1953 (TI) ; Mt . Toyokuchi to Gosyo-daira in Ooshika-mura,
G. Murata & T. Shimizu 1462 (Kvo) ; Kashio to Mt. Eboshidake in Ooshika-mura, N. Kurosaki 7671 (Kvo), 7722
(TNS, KANA); Kitazawa-touge in Ooshika-mura, Y. Karayama Aug . 1960 (SHI N); Mt. Maechusu-yama in Ooshika-mura, K. Asano 7470 (SHIN); Oosawaone in Mt.Oosawa-dake, Yamazaki et a l. Aug. 2, 1954 (TI); Nishizawaone in Mt. Hijiri-dake, Yamazaki et a l. Aug. I, 1954 (TI); Akagawara to Yabusawa-goya in Mt. Senjo, T.
Shimizu 5399 (KYO); Akagawara to Kitazawa-toge in Mt. Senjo-dake, K. lwatsuki et al. 137 (KYO), 161 (KYO,
KANA); Mt . Senjyo, G. Murata 8270 (KYO), T. Shimizu 19527 (KANA ); Oosawa-dake to Oosawado in Kizawamura, K. lwatsuki & H. Koyama 223 (Kvo); Mt. Sanpuku in the South Alps, K. Asano 5068 (n); Shirabisotouge in Kami-mura, T. Shimizu 18182 (SHI N); Maeotaka-yama in Kami-mura, T. Shimizu 18220 (SHIN);
Kurobee-dani in Hase-mura, T. Baba 277 (SH IN); Futago-yama in Hase-mura, Shimizu 433 (SHIN); Daikokuzawa
in Hase-mura, T. Baba 118 (SHI ); Mt. Surikogi-yama in lida City, K. Osa 6405 (SH IN); Mt . Kisokomagatake, H.
Hara Jul. 18, 1959 (TI) , lkegami in 1965 (SHIN); Shimizudaira in Komagane City, Y. Karayama Aug . 1960(SHI N); Mt. Kamuro-dake, K. Asano 10908 (TI); Mt. Ontake, J. Ohwi Ju l. 12, 1938 (KYO), T. Tsuyama Jul. 18,
1934 (TI; Oogizawa in Ookuwa-mura, H. Toyokuni Jul. 1979 (SHIN); Mt. Jiigatake in Ookuwa-mura, H. Toyokuni Jul. 1979 (SHIN); Mizuharaue in Ootaki-mura, H. Okuhara Sep. 1961 (SHI N); Hakkaizan in Ootaki-mura, H.
Okuhara Jun. 1958 (SHIN). Yamanashi Pref. Mitsutouge, M. Nagasawa 3300 (TNS); Mt . Kushigata-yama in Masuho-cho, F. Konta & T. Yanagisawa 16421 (TNS); Mt. Kitadake, M. Togashi Aug. 6, 1967 (TI) ; Mt. Shirane Kitadake, M. Tagawa Aug. 15, 1932 (KYo) ; between Oike-goya and Hirogawara in Ashi hara-mura, M. Tamura &M. Hotta 3733, 3734 (KYo); Yashajin-pass to Minamiomuro-lodge in Ashiyasu-mura, E. Miki et al.50 (Kvo);
Daibosatsutoge to Mt. Koganesawayama in Enzanshi, G. Murata 27024 (KYO, Tl); Mt. Minobu-san, S. Okamoto
Aug . 1943 (Kvo). Shizuoka Pref. Mogasajima - lkawa pass in Shizuoka City, E. Miki 194 (TNs); Abe-touge in
Shizuoka City, T. Oomura 17181 (TNS), H. Hara & S. Kurosawa Jun. 19, 1983 (TI); Mt . Kenashi-yama in Fujinomiya C ity, A. Takahashi 48 (TNS); Mt. Mafuji in Abe-gun, Y. Kurosawa Lun . 2, 1929 (Kvo); Hijiri-daira in the
Akaishi Mountain, K. lwatsuki 5834 (KYo); Shirakura, no collector name Aug . 16, 1974 (TNs); Ootaru-sawa in
Honkawane-cho, S. Kusaka 723 (TNS); Shinanomata in Honkawane-cho, Y. & N. Kadota 4018 (TI); Higashimata
in the upper region of Ooi River, H. Matsuda Jul. 9, 1967 (TI). Toyama Pref. Mt. Tateyama, Y. Satake Aug. 1958
(TNS), H. Shinno 6 (Kvo), T. Makino in 1935 (KYO), W. Sato Aug. 3, 1944 (KANA); Mt. Asahi to Mt. Yukikura in
Asahi -machi, N. Satomi & R. Mochizuki Aug . 30, 1969 (Kvo); Kurobe-babadani to Mt. Karamatsu, J. Ohwi

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7630, 7641 (KYo); Kurobe-daikoukouzan, J. Ohwi 8123, 8183 (KYO); Mt. Shimizu-dake, J. Ohwi 7973 (KYO) ;Nishiakao - Bunaotouge in Kamitaira-mura, S. Mimoro & S. Tsugaru 11848 (TNS); Shimogoya to Buna-touge
in Fukumitsu-machi, N. Mino May 30, 1964 (KANA); Kongoudou-san in Toga-mura, Nakano et al. Jun. 3, 1990
(KYO). lshikawa Pref. Mt. Ohnanji - lchinose in Mts. Hakusan, H. Koyama 1875 (TNS, KYO); lwama in Mts.
Hakusan N. Kurosaki 3353 (Kvo); Okunagakura - lchirino-onsen in Oguchi-mura, K. Deguchi & S. Tsugaru
18910 (TNS); Syakasindo in Mt. Hakusan , G. Masamune 14499 (KANA); Jibudani in Oguchi-mura, N. Satomi
Aug . 13, 1977 (KA NA); Mt. Daimon, G. Masamune 11890 (KANA). Fukui Pref. Daichouzan in Katsuyama C ity,
S. Watanabe 21468 (KYo); Beshi-zan in lkeda-cho, S. Watanabe 32351 (KYO), Z . Tashiro Jun. 20, 1937 (KYO);
Echizenkabuto in Katsuyama City, S.Watanabe 32559 (KYo); Mt. Kuramata-yama in Oono City, S. Watanabe
31416, 31303 (KYO); Mt. Arashima in Oono City, S. Watanabe 31302, 31306, 31354, 31355, 31357 (KYO) ; Mt.
Kanmuri-yama in lkeda-cho, G. Murata et al. 67266 (KYo); Mt. Nogohakusan in Oono City, S. Watanabe 31348(KYO), S. Watanabe 31347 (KYO); Mt. Heike-dake in lzumi-mura, S. Watanabe 31347 (KYO); Akausagi-yama in
Oono-gun, S. Watanabe Jul. 18, 1968 (KANA). Gifu Pref. Utsubo - Mnnami in Miyakawa-mura, N. Yonezawa
566 (KANA); Mannami in Miyagawa-mura, H. Takahashi 1815 (GIFU), H. Nagase 881048 (GIFU); Koshirakimine
in Miyakawa-mura, H. Nagase 92999 (GPM) ; Amoutouge in Kawai-mura, S. Tsugaru et al. 12888 (TNs), T. Goto
Jul. 10, 1993 (GPM); Amou-shitsugen in Kawai-mura, H. Nagase Jul. 11 , 1984 (GIFU}, H. Nagase Jul. 10, 1984
(GIFU); Amou-touge in Shirakawa-mura, M. & T. Takeuchi 115 (KYO); Ooshirakawa in Shirakawa-mura, H. Nagase Jul. 11 , 1984 & Jul. 4, 1986 (GIFU); Fukado in Kamioka-cho, H. Nagase Jul. 5, 1987 & Sep. 5, 1987 (GIFU) ,H. Nagase 88366 (GPM); Yamanomura in Kamioka-cho, N. Futamura 3074 (GPM); Wasabidaira in Kamitakaramura, N. Futamura 6447 (GIFU, GPM); Mt . Kasagatake in Kamitakara-mura, S. Onogi May 24, 1985 (GPM); Hirayu in Kamitakara-mura, H. Nagase Jun. 21, 1986 (GIFU); Abodaira in Kamitakara-mura, H. Nagase 89832(GPM), H. Nagase Jun. 27, 1987 (GIFU) , N. Futamura 3073 (GPM) ; Mt. Norikura, Z. Tashiro Sep. 9, 1929 (TNS) ;Senchougahara in Takane-mura, H. Nagase 88832 (KYO, GIFU), H. Nagase 88854 (GPM); Sengendaru in Takanemura, N. Futamura 3075 (GPM), H. Nagase Aug. 18, 1984 (GIFU, GPM), N. Nagase Jun . 7, 1986 & Jun . 28, 1986
(GIFU), T. Goto Jun. 11 , 1993 (GPM); Hiwadakogen in Takane-mura, H. Nagase Aug. 11 , 1985 & Jun . 4, 1982
(GPM); Atano in Takane-mura, H. Nagase 89638 (GPM); Nomugi in Takane-mura, H. Nagase Jun . 28, 1990
(KYO), H. Nagase 891322 (GIFU, GPM), H. Nagase 901025 (GPM), H. Shirakawa Aug. 13, 1984 (GPM), H. Takahashi 12390 (GIFU); Sokubo-dani in Asahi-mura, H. Takahashi 2252 (KYO, GJFu); Kurumijima in Asahi-mura, H.
Nagase 92643 (GPM); Nagakura-dani in Oono-gun, H. Nagase Jul. I, 1984 (GIFU, GPM), H. Nagase 91529 (GPM),
N. Futamura 3070 (GPM), 3071 (G!FU); Hikagedaira in Takayama City, H. Nagase Jun . 11 , 1987 (GlFU); Funayama in Kuguno-cho, H. Nagase May 31, 1986 (GIFU); Nigorigo-onsen to Hida-chojo in Mt. Ontake, H. Takahashi
2491 (KYO, GJFu); Nigorigo-onsen, G. Murata 10720 (KYO), S. Onogi Jun . 18, 1981 (GPM); Nigorigo - Osakacho, G. Murata et al. 264 (KYo) ; Mt. Ontake, G. Murta 10716 (KYO) ; skiing field ofNigorigo in Osaka-cho, N.
Futamura 5637 (GIFU, GPM) ; Nigorigo in Osaka-cho, H. Nagase Aug. 29, 1987 (GIFU) ; Yamanokuchi in Hagiwara-cho, N. Futamura 3076 (GPM); Mt. Gozen-yama in Hagiwara-cho, N. Futamura Jun . 10, 1978 (GPM); lshiguroin Maze-mura, N. Futamura 714, 722-2 (GPM); Mimayano in Gero-cho, N. Futamura 4477-2 (G!Fu); Mt. Sanpoukuzure in Oono-gun, M. Hashimoto 750 pp. (KANA); Dainichi-san in Shirotori-cho, S. Watanabe 31241 ,
31242 {KYO); Suigo-gawa in Shirotori-cho, H. Takahashi & H. Takano 579 (KYO, GIFU); Kanmuri-toge to Kanmuri-yama in Fujihashi-mura, H. Takahashi 6033 (KYO, GIFU), 14862 (GIFU), H. Takahashi et al. 1223 (GIFU); G.
Murata et al. 56952 (KYO); Koukura-touge in Tokuyama-mura, H. Takahashi I 0760 (KYO, GIFU); Hinokio-toge inTokuyama-mura, H. Takahashi et al. 10701 (GIFU); Nougo to the top of Mt. Nougohakusan in Neo-mura, H.
Takahashi 5976, 6007 (GIFU). Nara Pref. Kashiwagi in Mts . Oomine, Yoshino-gun, G. Koidzumi Jul. 13, 1922
(holotype of Smilacina hondoensis Ohwi in KYO, Tl); between T. Gyojagaeri and Mt. Daifuken in Mts . Ohmine,
M. Hotta & H. Fujiwara 4 (KYO, TNS, n); Mt. Sanjyo, H. Sakurai May 1988 (TNS); Taikonotsuji - Jinsennoshuku in Shimokitayama-mura, K. Tsuchiya 1853 (KYo) ; Mt. Wasamata to Mt. Daihugen, G. Murata 8584
(KYO), S. Tsugaru et al. 7444 (KYO); Sanjyonotsuji in Mt. Oumine Range, K. Tsuchiya 2641 (KYo); Dorogawa to
Rengetsuji in Mts. Oomine, M. Hotta et al. 32 (KYo); Oomine-san, Z. Tashiro Aug. 24, 1929 (KYo) ; lnamuragoya to Mt. lnamura, K. Ueda 465 (Kvo) ; Misen to Shinohara,G. Koidzumi Jul. 15 , 16, 1922 (KYo); Mt. Sanjo,
S. Miki Jun. 19, 1922 (Kvo); Mt. Dainichi in Mts . Oomine-san, G. Murata et al. 81 (KYO)

113

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