Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus. , Tokyo, Ser. B, 27(4), pp. 85- 92, December 22, 2001

Type Specimens of Marine Red Algae collected by the Empress
Kojun from Hayama and its Vicinity, Sagami Bay, Japan
Taiju Kitayama 1 and Tadao Yoshida 2
1

Department of Botany, National Science Museum, Tokyo,Amakubo 4- 1- 1, Tskuba, Ibaraki, 305-0005 Japan
E-mail: kitayama@kahaku.go.jp
2
Suzaku 3- 13- 13, Dazaifu, Fukuoka, 8 18-0 I 03 Japan

Abstract Type specimens of marine red algae (Rhodophyceae) described by Yamada (I 938, 1941 , 1944) based on the Empress Kojun 's collection from Hayama andits vicinity, Sagami Bay, Japan are listed. Holotypes of Griffithsia venusta, Erythroglossum pulchrum (=Sorella pulchra), Hypoglossum sagamianum and a lectotype of Lophocladia japonica are deposited in the Herbarium of Graduate School ofScience, Hokkaido University (SAP) . Holotype of Rhodymenia parva is deposited inthe Herbarium of the Showa Memorial Institute, National Science Museum, Tokyo(TNS). Lectotypification of Kallymenia oligonema and Myriogramme ciliata aremade.
Key words: Erythroglossum pulchrum, Griffithsia venusta , holotype, Hypoglossum sagamianum , Kallymenia oligonema, lectotypification, Lophocladia japonica,
My riogramme cilia fa , red algae, Rhodymenia parva , taxonomy.

Her Late Imperial Majesty Nagako, the Empress Kojun (1903- 2000) had a large
collection of marine algae which she gathered vigorously from the area around Hayama and its adjacent areas, Kanagawa Prefecture, Sagami Bay, Japan during 19351941 . The Empress' algal herbarium was managed independently in those days, andafterwards merged with the Emperor Showa's algal herbarium in the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Palace, Tokyo. Many specimens from greater part of her collection
were sent several times to Yukio Yamada ( 1903-1975), professor of Department ofBotany, Hokkaido Imperial University for identification until September 1941, justbefore the Pacific War. Yamada not only determined the scientific species names forher specimens, but also studied the materials taxonomically and published several
new species in the "Scientific Papers of the Institute of Algological Research, Facultyof Science, Hokkaido Imperial University" (Yamada 1938, 1941, 1944). While mostof the specimens was returned to the algal herbarium of the Biological Laboratory
until 1944, several specimens were granted to Yamada 's laboratory for their further
investigation and at present deposited carefully in the Herbarium of Graduate Schoolof Science, Hokkaido University (SAP). On the other hand, whole of the algal collection of the Biological Laboratory was transfered to the Showa Memorial Institute,

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Taiju Kitayama and Tadao Yoshida

National Science Museum, Tokyo (TNS), Tsukuba in 1994.
In his papers, Yamada often cited locality and herbarium name only as "Hayama, Sagami Prov. (Herb. Bioi. Labor., Imp. Palace, Tokyo)" without specifying specimen numbers. In 1940's modem type method had not been popularized in Japan entirely. However, he showed good-quality photographs of specimens examined foreach species and after also explained these specimens as "original specimens". These
information are valuable support for deciding which specimens were regarded by Yamada as plants typical for his new species.
We examined the algal collection originating from both of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Palace in both Hokkaido University and the Showa Memorial Institute, the National Science Museum, referring to memorandums for specimens sent toYamada and results of identifications by him, made by the Biological Laboratory anddeposited now in the Showa Memorial Institute. As a result, we could select specimens which were considered to be appropriate for type on the Botanical Nomenclature because the notes on the sheets as 'Yamada det. no. 000' are identical to numbersrecorded on the memorandums by the Biological Laboratory in order of dispatchingthem.
In Yamada's paper, most of the collection locality was written as "Hayama,Sagami Prov.", though in fact some of them include areas outside Hayama Town(e.g. Sajima, Yokosuka; Hatsuse, Mito, Miura). Probably he had considered area of"Hayama" widerly as Hayama Town and its adjacent areas or off Hayama. Thus wehave to be careful in deciding the type locality.
Yoshida ( 1998) tried to make clear the location where the types of Japanese marine algae are housed, but he couldn't do it enough in particular because of the insufficiency of the information about the algal herbarium in the Biological Laboratory including the Emperor Showa and the Empress Kojun . In the present paper, we maketypifications for marine red algae collected by the Empress Kojun from Hayama andits adjacent areas. Lectotypification are made where necessary in accordance with theprovisions of Article 9 of the Saint Louis Code (International Code of BotanicalNomenclature, Greuter et al. 2000). The arrangement of taxa follows that given in themost recent catalog of marine algae of Japan (Yoshida et al., 2000).

List of the type specimens
Order Gigartinales Schmitz
Family Kallymeniaceae Taylor

Kallymenia oligonema Yamada
Sci. Pap. Inst. Algol. Res. Hokkaido Imp. Univ. 2: 198. f. 5, pi. 41 , f. 2 (1941 ).
Japanese name: Hime-tsukasanori.
Kamegisho, off Nagai, Yokosuka (18 m depth), 4 Aug. 1938, Yamada det. no.

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87

1500(f) [SAP 051109=1ectotype] (Fig. 1); Tegoshima, Najima, Hayama, 7 Aug.
1938, Yamada det. no. 1500(e) [TNS-AL R, para type]
Notes: Yamada (1941) didn't designate holotype of this species, while he observed several specimens from "Hayama", which were spelled as "Callymenia
oligonema Yamada species nov. ," and returned to the Biological Laboratory, ImperialPalace before publication of the species. These specimens can be regarded as syntypes of Kallymenia oligonema. In the plate of his paper, he showed two photographsof the alga as "two original specimens" (pi. 41, f. 2). We could find one of themwhich accords with the below one in the plate in the herbarium of Hokkaido University. This specimen has a number of Yamada det. no. 1500(f), which was recorded in
the document of Biological Laboratory as a specimen bestowed to Yamada on 27
March 1939. This plant of the specimen agrees with the original descripton in the fan
shape of the thallus and the presence of a stipe. The other one's whereabout is unknown. Thus we designate hereby the specimen deposited in Hokkaido University(SAP 0511 09) as the lectotype of the species.
Yoshida (1998 , p. 757) wrote that the type locality is Akiya, Yokosuka, because
he believed TNS-AL R 298, which was collected from Akiya on 15 August 1940, tobe holotype. We amend it as Kamegisho , offNagai , Yokosuka.
Order Rhodymeniales Schmitz
Family Rhodymeniaceae Harvey

Rhodymenia parva Yamada
Sci . Pap. Inst. Algol. Res. Hokkaido Imp. Univ. 2: 213 . f. 14, 15. pi. 43, f. 1
(1941).
Japanese name: Himedarusu.
Kasagone, off Sajima, Yokosuka, (12 m depth), 6 Aug. 1939, Yamada det. no.
1886(a) [TNS-AL R 1021 =holotype] (Fig. 2).
Notes: This species was described by Yamada (1941) based on the specimensfrom "Hayama, Sagami Prov." In the plate (pi. 43, f. I) he showed a photographic figure of the two plants, which are corresponding with the ones of specimen TNS-AL R
I 021 deposited in the Showa Memorial Institute. As there is a note as "y. No. 1886(a)type specimens" on the sheet and the plants agree with the original description inhaving a short stipe and an erect thallus dividing dichotomously, we conclude this isholotype.
Yoshida (1998 , p. 859) regarded Hayama as type locality of the species according to Yamada's original description , while Kasagone, off Sajima, Yokosuka is precise as the type locality.

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Taiju Kitayama and Tadao Yoshida

Order Ceramiales Oltmanns
Family Ceramiaceae Dumortier

Griffithsia venusta Yamada
Sci. Pap. Inst. Algol. Res. Hokkaido Imp. Univ. 3 : 15 . f. 2, 3 ( 1944).
Japanese name: Tama-kazashigusa.
Nishinosaki, Mito, Hatsuse, Miura (13 m depth), 2 Sep. 1940, Yamada det. no.
2044 [SAP 051107 = holotype (Fig. 3)].
Notes: In his description for this species Yamada ( 1944) mentioned "Hayama,Sagami Prov. Herb. Bioi. Labor., Imp. Palace, Tokyo, Nos . 1921, c and S. 597" asmaterials observed. In the herbarium of Hokkaido University, on ly one specimen of
the species with Yamada det. no. 2044 was detected. According to the memorandums
in the Biological Laboratory, the specimen of Yamada det. no. 1921 was returned fora time, labelled with an identification as Griffithsia japonica Okamura on 31 October
1940, and then sent again to Yamada as no. 2044 on 4 December 1940. Judging froma note of "gift" on the sheet, this specimen was thought to be granted to Yamada. We
could not findS. 597, which is presumed to be a liquid specimen of no. 2044. Thereis no specimen of the species in the Showa Memorial Institute. As this species is considered to have been described by Yamada based on this single specimen, we conclude that this specimen is holotype following Yoshida ( 1998, p. 911) and its type locality is not Hayama but Nishinosaki , Mito, Hatsuse, Miura.
Family Delesseriaceae Bory

Erythroglossum pulchrum Yamada
Sci. Pap. Inst. Algol. Res . Hokkaido Imp. Univ. 2: 124. pi. 24, f. I (1938).
=Sorella pulchra (Yamada) Yoshida et Mikami , Jpn. J. Phycol. 39: 129. f. 1- 11( 1991 ).
Japanese name: Kushinoha-usubeni.
Tegoshima, Najima, Hayama (11-16m depth), 26 Aug. 1936, Yamada det. no .
102 [SAP 048988=holotype (Fig. 4)]; Yamada det. no. 889 [TNS-AL R 1161 =isotype]; Near Wareshima, Najima, Hayama, 7 Jul. 1937, Yamada det. no. 896(a) [SAP048986 =para type].
Notes: In his original description, Yamada ( 1938) showed a figure of the wholeof a single plant (pi. 24, f. I), which corresponds with one of the specimens of thespecies in SAP. According to the record of request for identification, this specimen
was granted to Yamada for his study. Thus we considered this specimen as the halotype (Fig. 4 ). The specimen of TNS-AL R 1161 , which has Yamada 's determination
number '889', is treated as isotype.
Although Yoshida ( 1998, p. 995) wrote that TNS-AL R 299 is type of theType Specimens of Empress Kojun 's Al ga l Collection

89

species, we think now Yamada must not have observed this material before publishing his paper about this new species in the first issue of 193 8 because the specimen
was collected at off Sajima, Hayama in August 1938.
Since the specimens sent from the Biological Labpratory did not contain female
gametophyte plant, Yamada ( 1938) placed this new species in Erythroglossum judging from only morphology of tetrasporophytes. In 1943, however, a new genus Sorella was established by Hollenberg based upon Erythroglossum delicatulum Gardner,
whose tetrasporangial sori are formed on the central portion of the thallus. Mikami( 1987) examined the holotype and paratype specimens in SAP and recognized that
the Yamada 's species has Sore/la-type tetrasporangial sori structures. After that therefore this species was transferred to Sore/la by Yoshida and Mikami ( 1991) showing
also Poly neura-type procarp structures in newly collected female plants of thespecies.

Hypoglossum sagamianum Yamada
Sci . Pap. Inst. Algol. Res . Hokkaido Imp. Univ. 2: 208. pi. 41 , f. I ( 1941 ).
Japanese name: Suji-benihanori .
Ogashima, Hayama (12m depth) , 18 Apr. 1939, Yamada det. no. 179l(d) [SAP048987=holotype] (Fig. 5); Yamada det. no. 1791 (a- c, e) [TNS-AL R 1213=isotype].
Notes: As Yamada (1941) showed a photographic figure (pi. 41, f. I) of a specimen containing five plants for this species in his original paper, he made an explanation as "Five original specimens". In the herbarium of Hokkaido University there is aspecimen which accords with the figure . According to the memorandums in theShowa Memorial Institute, this specimen, which has Yamada det. no. 1791 (d), is thespecimen bestowed from the Biological Laboratory to Yamada on 2 October 1939.
Thus we agree to Yoshida ( 1998, p. 977) in that this specimen, SAP 048987 is regarded as the holotype of the species.
Myriogramme ciliata Yamada
Sci . Pap. Inst. Algol. Res . Hokkaido Imp. Univ. 2:212. pi. 42, f. 2 (1941).
Japanese name: Nedashi-sujiginu.
Hasaki , off Sajima, Yokosuka (14m depth) , 26 Jul. 1939, Yamada det. no .
1915(a)(b) [TNS-AL R 295 = lectotype] (Fig. 6); Hasaki , off Sajima, Yokosuka, 28Jul. 1939, Yamada det. no . 1915(a)(b) [TNS-AL R 1215=paratype].
Notes: When Yamada ( 1941) made this new species based on the specmensfrom Hayama, he put a question mark after the generic name indicating hesitation inusing My riogramme for the species because he could not examine any cystocarpic
plant, whose morphological characters are necessary for identification of genera inthe family Delesseriaceae.
Although Yamada showed a photograph of two plants of My riogramme ciliata as

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Taiju Kitayama and Tadao Yoshida

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R!iJl¥1MIIll!l!~lllll!!iJ!!J!lJl!i~i!!!l!l!i[iJI!l!l~[l!lf02

3

4

5

6

Fig. I. Ka/lymenia o/igonema Yamada. Lectotype (SAP 0511 09).
Fig. 2. Rhodymeniaparva Yamada. Holotype (TNS-AL R 1021).
Fig. 3. Griffithsia venusta Yamada. Holotype (SAP 0511 07).
Fig. 4. Erythroglossum pulchrum Yamada [=Sore/la pulchra (Yamada) Yoshida et Mikami].
Holotype (SAP 048988).
Fig. 5. Hypoglossum sagamianum Yamada. Holotype (SAP 048987).
Fig. 6. Myriogramme ciliata Yamada. Lectotype (TNS-AL R 295).
Fig. 7. Lophocladia japonica Yamada. Lectotype (SAP 0511 08).

"original specimens" in the plate (pi. 42, f. 2) for this species, their whereabouts are
unknown in both Hokkaido University and the Showa Memorial Institute. There are
only a few specimens which are considered as syntypes of the species in the Showa
Memorial Institute. The plant of lectotype specimen, which we selected from the syntypes, is tetrasporangial and agrees well with the original description in expanding of

Type Specimens of Empress Kojun 's Algal Collection

91

the thallus composed of single cell layer on the substratum by issuing rhizoidal filaments from the margin.
Family Rhodomelaceae Areschoug
Lophocladia japonica Yamada
Sci. Pap. Inst. Algol. Res. Hokkaido Imp. Univ. 2:210. f.11, 12 (1941).
Japanese name: Yoremigusa.
Hasaki, off Sajima, Yokosuka (16 m depth), 3 Aug. 1939, Yamada det. no.
1885(b) [SAP 051108=lectotype] (Fig. 7); Yamada det. no. 1885(a) [TNS-AL R
1295 = paralectotype].
Notes: In the description of Lophocladia japonica, Yamada (1941) did not showa photograph of the specimen. Yoshida (1998, p. 1046) selected a specimen in theherbarium of Hokkaido University, SAP 051108, which is an imperial grant bestowedon 30 December 1940 to Yamada, as the lectotype. According to the memorandum inthe Biological Laboratory, this specimen is thought to be Yamada det. no. 1885(b),which is a part of material sent from the Biological Laboratory as no. 1885. In theShowa Memorial Institute several specimens with a note of "Yamada det. no.
1885(a)", which are correspond to duplicates ofthe lectotype, are deposited. Type locality of the species was exactly Hasaki, off Sajima, Yokosuka, although Yamada stated "Hayama, Sagami Prov. (Herb. Bioi. Labor., Imp. Palace, Tokyo)" in the description.
Acknowledgements
We wish to express our gratitude to Prof. M. Masuda and Dr. K. Kogame, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, and Dr. H. Namikawa, the Showa
Memorial Institute, National Science Museum, Tokyo, for their generous support
during our investigation in the herbaria, where we able to examine the very important
specimens.
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Taiju Kitayama and Tadao Yoshida

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