目次はじめにi

第 1 章 細胞の増殖とタンパク質のダイナミックス

11.1

細胞の増殖··········································································

11.2

細胞内の生命機能 ································································

41.3

分子の合成反応や酵素反応を微分方程式で書く ·························

6

第 1 章：演習問題 ······································································· 10
第 2 章 概日リズム132.1

周期的振動を作り出すモデル ················································· 142.2

モデルの修正の影響 ····························································· 202.3

酵素反応の飽和の効果：反応の場所による違い ························· 222.4

周期の温度補償性 ································································ 242.5

外界の周期への同調：位相反応曲線 ········································ 27

第 2 章：演習問題 ······································································· 29
参考文献の追加··········································································· 30
第 2 章：付録 A

平衡状態の安定性 ··············································· 31

第 2 章：付録 B リアプノフ関数 ·················································· 32
第 3 章 生物のパターン形成353.1

熱帯魚の縞模様 ··································································· 35

3.2

チューリングモデル ····························································· 36

3.3縞の方向性·········································································· 40

3.4

縞か水玉か？ ······································································ 43ix

3.5

皮膚癌のコロニー形成 ·························································· 44

3.6

バクテリアのコロニー形成：ミムラモデル ······························· 47

3.7

スパイラルパターンについて ················································· 50

第 3 章：演習問題 ······································································· 50
参考文献の追加··········································································· 51
第 3 章：付録 拡散方程式 ··························································· 52
第 4 章 形態形成のダイナミックモデル

574.1

接着力による細胞の自動的選別 ·············································· 57

4.2

魚の網膜の錐体モザイク形成 ················································· 634.3

葉脈形成：カナリゼーションモデル ········································ 66

4.4

細胞の中のオーキシンのやりとりについて ······························· 68

4.5

四肢のできはじめ ································································ 70

4.6

形態の時空間発展 ································································ 72

参考文献の追加··········································································· 74
第 5 章 生態学での格子モデル

77

5.1

亜高山森林の縞枯れ現象 ······················································· 78

5.2

熱帯季節林のギャップ動態 ···················································· 835.3

平均場近似とペア近似 ·························································· 86

5.4

病気による宿主植物の絶滅 ···················································· 88

5.5

化学戦争をするバクテリア ···················································· 91

第 5 章：演習問題 ······································································· 93
参考文献の追加··········································································· 93
第 5 章：付録 ペア近似の計算 ····················································· 95
第 6 章 樹木の一斉開花・結実とカオス結合系

x99

6.1

離散時間の力学 ··································································· 99

6.2

カオスとリアプノフ指数 ······················································· 102

6.3

ブナの一斉開花・結実現象と結合マップ系 ······························· 1046.4

花粉結合············································································· 107

6.5

結合写像格子 ······································································ 111

目次

6.6

共通の環境変動が同調をもたらす：モラン効果 ························· 114

第 6 章：演習問題 ······································································· 117
参考文献の追加··········································································· 120
第 6 章：付録 離散時間モデルの安定性について ····························· 121
第 7 章 生活史の戦略

123

7.1

一年生植物の開花のタイミング ·············································· 123

7.2

なぜ生物は最適スケジュールをとると考えるのか？ ··················· 126

7.3

多年生がよいか一年生がよいか ·············································· 127

7.4

隔年結果とモノカルピー ······················································· 130

7.5

不確定な環境のもとでの保険としての貯蔵 ······························· 132

7.6

葉の化学防御（アルカロイド） ·············································· 135

7.7

免疫系と防御戦略 ································································ 138

第 7 章：演習問題 ······································································· 139
参考文献の追加··········································································· 140
第 7 章：付録 A

ポントリャーギンの最大原理について ···················· 141

第 7 章：付録 B 確率的ダイナミックプログラミング：不確定な環境のもとでの保険としての貯蔵器官 ··········································· 142
第 8 章 性の進化

145

8.1

魚の性転換·········································································· 146

8.2

性比のゲーム：寄生蜂 ·························································· 148

8.3

なぜ雄と雌があるのか？ ······················································· 1538.4

個体ごとに雄と雌に分かれるのか兼業するのか ························· 1558.5

雌雄の違い·········································································· 157

8.6

性：なぜ遺伝子を混ぜ合わせるのか ········································ 159

第 8 章：演習問題 ······································································· 161
参考文献の追加··········································································· 162
第 8 章：付録 有性生殖の 2 倍のコストについて ····························· 163
第 9 章 哺乳類のゲノム刷り込みの進化
9.1

165

適応進化のダイナミックス ···················································· 165
xi

9.2

量的遺伝学について ····························································· 168

9.3

血縁個体への利他的行動の進化 ·············································· 169

9.4

ゲノム刷り込み ··································································· 172

9.5

遺伝子発現量の進化 ····························································· 174

9.6

ゲノム刷り込みの進化をとどめる力 ········································ 179

9.7

組織の配分比率に影響する遺伝子のインプリンテイング ············· 180

9.8

X 染色体上の遺伝子の刷り込みと子の性による違い ··················· 181

第 9 章：演習問題 ······································································· 184
参考文献の追加··········································································· 185
第 9 章：付録 複数の形質の進化について ······································ 186
第 10 章発癌プロセス

189

10.1 癌発症年齢の分布 ································································ 189
10.2 癌抑制遺伝子 ······································································ 190
10.3 進化としての発癌過程 ·························································· 192
10.4 突然変異の固定確率 ····························································· 193
10.5 染色体不安定 ······································································ 197
10.6 発癌のリスクを下げる組織デザイン ········································ 200
10.7 慢性骨髄性白血病 (CML) ······················································ 203
第 10 章：演習問題 ······································································ 207
参考文献の追加··········································································· 208
第 10 章：付録 A モランプロセスの固定確率 ································· 209
第 10 章：付録 B 分枝過程における絶滅確率の計算 ························ 210
あとがき

212

本書を読み終えた読者に

214

謝辞

216

引用文献

218

索引

226

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