⮬ 㛢ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ࣒ࣛ⑕ᗂඣࢆ⫱࡚ࡿẕぶ࡬ࡢ㛵ಀⓎ㐩ᨭ᥼
Relationship Development Intervention to mothers bringing up children with autistic
spectrum disorder㎷ ࠶ࡺࡳ㸦බ┈㈈ᅋἲே㕲㐨ᘯ῭఍⥲ྜ⚟♴ࢭࣥࢱ࣮௜ᒓデ⒪ᡤ㸧Ayumi Tsuji(Clinic Attached to the Kousai-Gakuen Developmental Disorder Support Facility)ูᗓ ဴ㸦ᒱ㜧኱Ꮫᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊㸧
Satoshi Beppu(Faculty of Education, Gifu University)㸯࣭ၥ㢟㛵ࢃࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊぶᏊ㛵ಀࡀኚ໬ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡸ(Hobson,⮬㛢ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ࣒ࣛ⑕ඣ㸦௨ୗࠊ⮬㛢⑕ඣ࡜ࡍࡿ㸧

Tarver, Beurkens, & Hobson, 2015)ࠊぶࡀ⮬㛢⑕ඣ࡜ࡣࠊぶ࡟➗㢦ࢆྥࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡶぶࡢ➗㢦࡟཯ᛂࡋ࡚➗

ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ࢆ ⫯ ᐃ ⓗ ࡟ ᤊ ࠼ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࡇ ࡜ (㧗 ᶫ ,࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶஈࡋ࠸㸦ูᗓ, 2016㸧ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼࡟ࠊ⮬㛢⑕2019)ࠊ୧⪅ࡀ⮬Ⓨⓗ࡟㛵ࢃࡾྜ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࡸࡾඣࢆ⫱࡚ࡿぶࡣࠊᏊ࡝ࡶ࡜⧅ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ឤぬ࡜ࡾࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (Larkin,ࡀஈࡋࡃࠊ௚ࡢ㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿᏊ࡝ࡶࢆ⫱࡚ࡿぶ࡟ẚ࡭Guerin, Hobson, Gutstein, 2015)ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣࠊ㠀ゝㄒ࡚ࠊ⫱ඣ୙Ᏻࡸ⫱ඣࢫࢺࣞࢫࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡾࡸࡍ࠸㸦ᆏⓗࠊ᝟ືⓗࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ୎ᑀ࡟⾜࠸ࠊ኱ேูཱྀ࣭ᗓ, 2007㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊ⮬㛢⑕ඣࡣࠊ᝟ືⓗඹឤࢆࡀᏊ࡝ࡶࢆᑟࡃࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᏊ࡝ࡶ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡀᵓ⠏ࡉࢀ⤒㦂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋࡃࠊࡑࢀࡀၥ㢟⾜ືࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡋࠊ㛵ࢃࡿഃࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ᪉ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊࡍせᅉ࡟ࡶ࡞ࡾᚓࡿ(ูᗓ, 2019)ࠋࡔ࠿ࡽࡇࡑࠊ⮬㛢㛵ಀㄽࡢ㔜せᛶࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⑕ඣ࡬ࡢⓎ㐩ᨭ᥼࡛ࡣࠊ௚⪅࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢᇶ┙࡜࡞⮬ 㛢⑕ ඣ ࡟ ᑐࡍ ࡿ Ⓨ 㐩 ᨭ ᥼ ࡟࠾ ࠸ ࡚ 㛵ಀ ㄽ ࡀ㔜ࡿ᝟ ⥴ ⓗ ࡛ ព ḧⓗ ࡞㛵 ಀ ࡢ⫱ ࡳ ࡟↔ Ⅼ ࢆᙜ ࡚ࡿ ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡑࡢሙྜ࡟࠾࠸

せࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦Beurkens, Hobson, & Hobson, 2013, ูᗓ,࡚ࡶ ࡝ ࡢࡼ ࠺ ࡞ෆ ᐜࡢ ά ືࢆ ࡝ ࡢ⛬ ᗘ 㔞ⓗ ࡟ಖ 㞀2019㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋᐇ㝿࡟ࡣࠊ┠ඛࡢၥ㢟⾜ື࡬ࡢᑐฎࠊࡍࡿ ࠿ ࡜࠸ ࠺ άື ㄽࢆ ᢤ ࡁ࡟ ㄒ ࡿࡇ ࡜ ࡣ࡛ ࡁ࡞ ࠸ࡶࡋࡃࡣࠊ㞀ᐖ≉ᛶ࡟ᛂࡌࡓᨭ᥼࡟࡞ࡾ᫆ࡃ(ᮌୗ,(ᮌୗ, 2016)ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼࡟ࠊ⮬㛢⑕ඣ࡬ࡢⓎ㐩ᨭ᥼ࡢ2011)ࠊ᝟ືⓗ஺ὶࡀពᅗⓗ࡟ᨭ᥼┠ᶆ࠿ࡽ᤼㝖ࡉෆᐜࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ࡟ࡣࠊ㛵ಀㄽ࡜άືㄽࡢ୧㠃࠿ࡽෆࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿ(୕ᮌ, 2019)ࠋ

ᐜࢆྫྷ࿡ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊඹྠࡢႠࡳ࡜ࡣࠊ㏆ᖺࠊ♫఍ⓗ┦஫స⏝ࢆ㔜どࡋࡓ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡢ᭷Ꮚ࡝ࡶ࡜୍⥴࡟άືࡍࡿ࡞࠿࡛ࠊᏊ࡝ࡶ࡟ྜࢃࡏ࡚ຠᛶࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ RDI㸦 Relationship㛵ࢃࡾࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡢⓎ㐩ⓗኚ໬ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿDevelopment Intervention㸸ᑐே㛵ಀⓎ㐩ᣦᑟἲ㸧ࡣࠊࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ୰࡛ࡇࡑࠊ⮬㛢⑕ඣ࡜ࡑࡢᐙ᪘ࢆᑐ㇟࡟⤒㦂ࡢඹ᭷ࠊ᝟⥴ⓗ࡞ぶࡣⓎ㐩࡟ᛂࡌࡓ㛵ࢃࡾ᪉ࢆぢฟࡋࠊ࢞࢖ࢻ࡜࡞ࡾཧ↷⬟ຊࠊᑐேⓗㄪᩚ⬟ຊ࡞࡝ࡢⓎ㐩ࢆಁࡍ἞⒪ⓗᚓࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊ⮬㛢⑕ඣࡀ ぶᩍ⫱᪉ἲ࡛ࠊRogoff㸦2003㸧ࡀᥦၐࡋࡓᑟ࠿ࢀࡓཧ

࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊఱࢆࢸ࣮࣐࡟ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ

ຍ 㸦 Guided Participation 㸧 ࡀ ᇶ ┙ ࡜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ࠺࡞ඹྠࡢႠࡳࡀᚲせ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊࡲࡓࠊࡑࡢሙ㠃࡟࠾㸦Gutstein, 2009)ࠋᑟ࠿ࢀࡓཧຍ࡜ࡣࠊឤぬࢆඹ᭷࠸࡚ ࡝ ࡢࡼ ࠺ ࡟㛵 ࢃࢀ ࡤ ࡼ࠸ ࠿ ࡀ᫂ ࡽ ࠿࡟ ࡞ࡗ ࡚ࡋࡓࡾࠊ୍⥴࡟ື࠸ࡓࡾసࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿඹྠࡢႠࡳࡢ࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᮏ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊⓎ୰࡛ࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡣ኱ேࡢ⾜Ⅽࡸ཯ᛂࢆཧ↷ࡋྜ࠸ࠊᑟ㐩ࡢ 㐜 ࢀࢆ క ࠺⮬ 㛢⑕ ඣ ࡜ẕ ぶ ࡬ࡢ 㛵 ಀⓎ 㐩ᨭ ᥼࠿ࢀ࡞ࡀࡽᏛࡪ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋRDI ࡛ࡣࠊⓎ㐩ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊඹྠࡢႠࡳࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࢆᑟ ࡃ ே࡜ ࠸ ࠺ព ࿡ࢆ ㎸ ࡵ࡚ Ꮚ ࡝ࡶ ࡀ ྲྀࡾ ⤌ࡳ ࡸࡢⓎ㐩࡟ぢྜࡗࡓάືࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ࡞ࡽࡧ࡟ࠊ

ࡍ࠸ ㊊ ሙࢆ స ࡗ࡚ Ꮫࡪ ᶵ ఍ࢆ ಖ 㞀ࡍ ࡿ ேࡢ ࡇ࡜ ࢆࡑࡢ ά ື࡟ ࠾ ࡅࡿ Ꮚ࡝ ࡶ ࡢㄢ 㢟 ࡜㛵 ࢃ ࡾ᪉ ࢆぢ ฟ࢞࢖ࢻ࡜ࡋࠊカ⦎ࡉࢀࡓࢥࣥࢧࣝࢱࣥࢺࡀព࿡ࡢ࠶ࡍࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡿάືࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ぶࢆ࢞࢖ࢻ࡜ࡋ࡚ᑟࡁࠊぶᏊ㛵ಀࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᨭ᥼ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ┠ᣦࡉࢀࡿࠋ
RDI ࢆ௓ࡋࡓ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊᏊ࡝ࡶ࡟Ṍㄪࢆྜࢃࡏ࡚

࡞࠾ࠊRDI ࡜ࡣࠊࡼࡾ῝࠸┦஫ᑐே㛵ಀࠊㄪᩚࠊࢥ࣑ ࣗ ࢽࢣ ࣮ ࢩࣙ ࣥࢆ ⏕ ࡌࡉ ࡏ ࡿᶵ ఍ ࢆቑ ࡸࡍ ᣦᑟἲ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Beurkens, Hobson, & Hobson, 2013) ࠋ 

ᮏ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡇࢀ࡟ೌ࠸ࠊࡼࡾ῝࠸┦஫ᑐே

ᛂ MA1:11㸦DQ44㸧ࠊゝㄒ࣭♫఍ MA0:11㸦DQ19㸧ࠊ㛵ಀࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࠊ஫࠸ࡢពᅗࢆㄪᩚࡋࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮

඲㡿ᇦ MA1:9㸦DQ40㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࢩࣙ ࣥ ࢆ⏕ ࡌ ࡉࡏ ࡿᶵ ఍ ࢆቑ ࡸ ࡍᨭ ᥼ ࢆ㛵 ಀⓎ 㐩㸦㸰㸧ᑐ㇟ඣࢆศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ⌮⏤ᨭ᥼࡜ᐃ⩏ࡍࡿࠋ ほ ᐹ ࢆ㛤 ጞ ࡍࡿ ๓࡟ Ꮚ ࡝ࡶ ࡢ 㛵ᚰ ࡢ ࠶ࡿ 㐟ࡧ ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ẕぶ࡟ᑜࡡࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ3 ྡ࡜ࡶ㌴ࡸ㣗࡭≀࡞㸰 㸬᪉ἲ࡝ࡢ ࣑ ࢽࢳ ࣗ ࢔ࡢ ⋵ල ࢆ ௓ࡋ ࡓ 㐟ࡧ ࡟ 㛵ᚰ ࡀ࠶ ࡿ㸦㸯㸧ᑐ㇟ඣࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊ3 ྡ࡜ࡶ୍ே㐟ࡧࡀ

ձK ඣከࡃࠊࣔࣀࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ẕぶ࡜㛵ࢃࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊ

200X ᖺ 7 ᭶⏕ࡲࢀࡢ⏨ඣࠋ1 ṓ༙㡭࡟ࡣព࿡ࡢẕぶ ࢆ ┿ఝ ࡚ ࡸࡾ ࡜ࡾ ࡍ ࡿࡇ ࡜ ࡀ࡞ ࠸ ࡇ࡜ ࡀศ ࠿࠶ࡿゝⴥࢆ 2㸪3 ㄒヰࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ2 ṓ㡭࡟ࡣ඲ࡃࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ᪩ᮇࡢ㛵ಀⓎ㐩ᨭ᥼ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ࡟ヰࡉ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋẕぶ࡜ど⥺ࢆྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊ

ࡣጇᙜ࡞஦౛࡜ุ᩿ࡋࡓࠋ

せồ᫬࡟ࡣࢡ࣮ࣞࣥ⾜ື࡛ッ࠼ࡓࠋ୍᪉ࠊࡲࡲࡈ࡜

㸦㸱㸧೔⌮ⓗ㓄៖⏝ࡢ⋵ලࢆ୪࡭ࡓࡾࠊ࠾─࡟㍕ࡏࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ㣗 ほ ᐹ ࢆ㛤 ጞ ࡍࡿ ๓࡟ ẕ ぶ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ࡚ ◊ ✲ࡢ ୺᪨ ࢆ࡭≀ࡀ㍕ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᮏࢆぢࡿࡇ࡜࡟㛵ᚰࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ 2ㄝ᫂ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ㝿ࠊẕᏊࡢࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࢆほᐹࡋࠊࣅࢹ

ṓࡢ᫬࡟་⒪⚟♴ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡟࡚⮬㛢⑕࡜デ᩿ࡉࢀࠊ࢜࡟㘓⏬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡬ࡢᢎㅙࢆᚓࡓࠋేࡏ࡚ࠊ◊✲ⓎA ᕷ࡟࠶ࡿඣ❺Ⓨ㐩ᨭ᥼ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡟㏻࠺ࡼ࠺࡟࡞⾲ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢྠពࢆ᭩㠃࡛ᚓࡓࠋࡗࡓࠋ4 ṓ 1 ࣨ᭶᫬ᐇ᪋ࡢ᪂∧㹉ᘧⓎ㐩᳨ᰝ࡛ࡣጼ

㸦㸲㸧ศᯒ㈨ᩱ

ໃ࣭㐠ື MA1:8(DQ41)ࠊㄆ▱࣭㐺ᛂ MA1:8(DQ41)ࠊ

200Y(X㸩3)ᖺ 6 ᭶ࡼࡾ 9 ࣨ᭶㛫ࠊẖ᭶ 1,2 ᅇ 20ゝㄒ࣭♫఍ MA0:10㸦DQ20㸧ࠊ඲㡿ᇦ MA1:2㸦DQ29㸧ศ⛬ ᗘ ࡢẕ Ꮚ ࡢࡸ ࡾ࡜ ࡾ ሙ㠃 ࢆ ࣅࢹ ࢜ ࡟㘓 ⏬ࡋ ࡓ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ㸦K ඣ 4 ṓ 3 ࣨ᭶࠿ࡽ 5 ṓ 0 ࠿᭶ࡲ࡛ࡢ඲ 13 ᅇࠊղS ඣY ඣ 3 ṓ 8 ࢝᭶࠿ࡽ 4 ṓ 5 ࣧ᭶ࡲ࡛ࡢ඲ 16 ᅇࠊS

200X ᖺ 8 ᭶⏕ࡲࢀࡢ⏨ඣࠋ1 ṓ 6 ࢝᭶㡭࡟ࡣࠕࢹඣ 3 ṓ 6 ࢝᭶࠿ࡽ 4 ṓ 4 ࠿᭶ࡲ࡛ࡢ඲ 15 ᅇ㸧ࠋࢥࣥࢩࣕࠖࠕ࢝ࣥ࢝ࣥ㸦㋃ษ㸧ࠖ࡞࡝࡜ゝ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ

ࣥࢧࣝࢱࣥࢺ㸦௨ୗ Co ࡜ࡍࡿ㸧࡛࠶ࡿ➹⪅ࡀẕぶࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢᚋゝⴥࢆⓎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࢺ࣑࡟ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ࢩ ࣕ ࣎ࣥ ⋢㐟 ࡧ ࡜࣑ ࢽ ࢳࣗ ࢔ ࡢ⋵ ලࢆ ௓࢝ࠊࣉ࣮࡛ࣛࣞࣝ㐟ࡪࡇ࡜ࠊ㟁㌴ࡢᮏࢆぢࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࡋࡓ㐟ࡧࢆࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᥦ᱌ࡋࡓࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊࢩࣕ࣎

ዲࢇࡔࠋせồ᫬࡟ࡣࢡ࣮ࣞࣥ⾜ື࡛ッ࠼ࡓࠋ2 ṓ༙ࣥ ⋢ ࡀ ADOS-2 㸦 Autism Diagnostic Observation

ࡢ᫬࡟་⒪⚟♴ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡟࡚⮬㛢⑕࡜デ᩿ࡉࢀࠊࡑSchedule Edition㸧࡛ࡶ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࠊⓎ㐩ⓗ࡟㔜ᗘࡢ⮬ࡢᚋ A ᕷ࡟࠶ࡿඣ❺Ⓨ㐩ᨭ᥼ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡟㏻࠺ࡼ࠺㛢⑕ඣࡀ⯆࿡ࢆ♧ࡋࡸࡍ࠸㢟ᮦ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ4 ṓ 3 ࣨ᭶᫬ᐇ᪋ࡢ᪂∧㹉ᘧⓎ㐩᳨ᰝ࡛ࡲࡓࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡢዲࡁ࡞㐟ࡧ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ẕぶ࡟ᑜࡡࡓ࡜ࡣ ጼ ໃ ࣭ 㐠 ື MA2:4(DQ55) ࠊ ㄆ ▱ ࣭ 㐺 ᛂ MA2:3

ࡇࢁࠊ㌴ࡸ㣗࡭≀࡞࡝ࡢ࣑ࢽࢳࣗ࢔ࡢ⋵ලࢆ௓ࡋࡓ

㸦 DQ53 㸧ࠊ ゝ ㄒ ࣭ ♫ ఍ MA0:11 㸦 DQ22 㸧ࠊ ඲ 㡿 ᇦ㐟ࡧ࡟㛵ᚰࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡢᅇ⟅ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࢀ

MA1:11㸦DQ45㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

ࡽࡣࠊẕぶ࡜ࡢࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿ࡟ࡣጇᙜ࡞㢟ᮦղY ඣ࡜ุ᩿ࡋࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

200X ᖺ 9 ᭶⏕ࡲࢀࡢ⏨ඣࠋ1 ṓ༙㡭࡟ࡣࠊࠕ࢖ࢼࡸࡾ࡜ࡾሙ㠃࡟ࡣࠊCo ࡀྠᖍࡋࠊࡑࡢሙ㠃ࢆほ࢖࢖ࢼ࢖ࠖ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ௚ࡢゝⴥࢆⓎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ᐹࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ᧜ᙳࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ㝿ࠊCo ࡣᚲせ௨ୖࡢኌࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋẕぶ࡜┠ࢆྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊ᥃ࡅࢆẕぶ࡟ࡶᏊ࡝ࡶ࡟ࡶ⾜ࢃ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋྛᅇࡢࡸ࿧ࡧ ࠿ ࡅ࡟ ᣺ ࡾྥ ࡃࡇ ࡜ ࡶᚋ ㏣ ࠸ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ࡜ ࡶ࡞ ࠿ࡾ࡜ࡾ⤊஢ᚋࠊẕᏊࡢࡸࡾ࡜ࡾሙ㠃࡛ Co ࡀẼ࡙࠸ࡗࡓࠋせồ᫬࡟ࡣࢡ࣮ࣞࣥ⾜ື࡛ッ࠼ࡓࡀࠊே࡟⯆ࡓࡇ࡜㸦Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢᵝᏊࡸ㛵ࢃࡾࡢ␃ពⅬ㸧ࢆグࡋ࡚࿡ࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊ↓⾲᝟࡛࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

ሗ࿌᭩࡜ࡋ࡚ẕぶ࡟ᡭΏࡋࡓࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣሗ࿌᭩ࡢ

2 ṓ 4 ࠿᭶ࡢ᫬࡟་⒪⚟♴ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡟࡚⮬㛢⑕࡜デෆᐜࢆࠕCo ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ศᯒࡢᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࠋ

᩿ࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢᚋ A ᕷ࡟࠶ࡿඣ❺Ⓨ㐩ᨭ᥼ࢭࣥࢱ࣮

ࠕCo ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࠖࡢ౛㸸ẕぶ㸦௨ୗ Mo ࡜ࡍࡿ㸧

࡟㏻࠺ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ4 ṓ 4 ࣨ᭶᫬ᐇ᪋ࡢ᪂∧㹉ᘧࡢࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ⋢ࡀ๭ࢀࡿ࡜ Mo ࢆぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲ

Ⓨ㐩᳨ᰝ࡛ࡣࠊጼໃ࣭㐠ື MA3:1(DQ71)ࠊㄆ▱࣭㐺ࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊMo ࡀࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ⋢ࢆ྿ࡃ๓࡟ Mo ࢆ





!

"# #ぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ

࣮ࢻࡀグࡉࢀࡿࡲ࡛ࢆࠕᶍೌ๓ࠖࠊࡑࢀ௨㝆ࢆࠕᶍ㸦 㸳㸧ศᯒᡭ⥆ࡁೌᚋࠖ࡜ࡋࠊࡑࡢ๓ᚋࡢࠕᏊ࡝ࡶࡢㄢ㢟㸦 CT㸧ࠖ࡜ᡭ⥆ࡁ㸯ࠕ࢞࢖ࢻࡢᥦ᱌㸦GP㸧ࠖࡢෆᐜࢆㄪ࡭ࡓࠋ

㧗ᶫ㸦2019㸧ࡣࠊࠕCo ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࠖࢆᏊ࡝ࡶࡢ⌧Piaget(1945)ࡣࠊ⮬ศࡀ㣗 ࡭ࡿάືࢆ௚⪅࡟ྥ ࡅ≧ࡢ☜ㄆࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡢᡂ㛗ࡢ☜ㄆࠊ࢞࢖ࢻࡢホ౯ࠊࡸ࡚⾜ ࠺ ࡇ࡜ ࢆ ࡶࡗ ࡚ᶵ ⬟ ⓗ㐟 ࡧ ࠿ࡽ ㇟ ᚩ㐟 ࡧࡢ ẁࡾ࡜ࡾࡢホ౯ࠊ࢞࢖ࢻࡢᥦ᱌ࠊㄢ㢟ࡢ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࡢ 6㝵࡟⛣⾜ࡍࡿ࡜ࡋࠊ⮬ศ࡟ྥࡅࡓ⾜Ⅽ࡜௚⪅࡟ྥࡅࡘࡢ࢝ࢸࢦࣜ࡟ศ㢮ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࠕ Co ࡢ

ࡓ⾜Ⅽ࡜ࢆ༊ูࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࠖࢆࠕࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ⋢㐟ࡧࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࠊⲨ஭(2006)ࡶ⮬ศ⮬㌟࡛㣗࡭ࡿ⾜Ⅽ࡜௚⪅㸦ேᙧ㸧ࠕ⋵ලࢆ௓ࡋࡓ㐟ࡧࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ศࡅࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊ

࡟ྥࡅࡿ⾜Ⅽࢆࡘࡶࡾ⾜Ⅽ࡜ࡋࠊᶍೌࡸࡩࡾ࡜ࢆศ

ࡑࢀࡒࢀࢆࠕᏊ࡝ࡶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠖ࡜ࠕẕぶ࡟㛵ࡍ㢮ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⋵ලࢆ௓ࡋࡓࡸࡾ࡜ࡾሙ㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚ ࠊࡿࡇ࡜ࠖ࡟ศࡅࡓࠋḟ࡟ࠊ㧗ᶫ㸦2019㸧ࢆཧ⪃࡟ࠊᑐ㇟ඣࡽࡣ⋵ලࢆཱྀ࡟ࡘࡅࡿ⾜Ⅽࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀࠕᏊ࡝ࡶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠖࢆࠕᏊ࡝ࡶࡢㄢ㢟㸦 CT㸧ࠖࡣ༢࡟⋵ලࢆ࠿ࡌࡗࡓࡔࡅ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊẕぶࢆᶍೌࡋ࡚࡜ࠕᏊ࡝ࡶࡢ஦ᐇ㸦CF㸧ࠖ࡟ศ㢮ࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࠕᏊ࡝ཱྀ࡟ࡘࡅࡓࡢ࠿ࠊ㣗࡭ࡿࡩࡾࢆࡋࡓࡢ࠿ࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿࡶࡢ஦ᐇ㸦CF㸧ࠖ࡟ࡣࠊࠕᏊ࡝ࡶࡢ⌧≧ࡢ☜ㄆࠖ࡜ࠕᏊࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ௚⪅㸦ேᙧ㸧࡟㣗࡭࡝ࡶࡢᡂ㛗ࡢ☜ㄆࠖࢆྵࡵࡓࠋ୍᪉ࠊࠕẕぶ࡟㛵ࡍࡉࡏࡿ⾜Ⅽࢆࡘࡶࡾ⾜Ⅽ࡜ࡋࠊᶍೌࡸࡩࡾ࡜ศࡅࡓࠋ

ࡿࡇ࡜ࠖࡣࠊ
ࠕࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࡢホ౯㸦IE㸧ࠖ࡜ࠕ࢞࢖ࢻࡢ

ࡑࡢ࠺࠼࡛ࠊ⋵ලࢆ௓ࡋࡓࡸࡾ࡜ࡾ ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡘࡶᥦ᱌㸦GP㸧ࠖ࡟ศࡅࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊࠕ࢞࢖ࢻࡢᥦ᱌

ࡾ⾜Ⅽࡢ࢚ࣆࢯ࣮ࢻࡀグࡉࢀࡿࡲ࡛ࢆࠕࡘࡶࡾ⾜Ⅽ㸦GP㸧ࠖࢆẕぶ࡬ࡢලయⓗ࡞࢞࢖ࢻࡢᥦ♧࡜ࡋࠊࠕ࢞๓ࠖࠊࡑࢀ௨㝆ࢆࠕࡘࡶࡾ⾜Ⅽᚋࠖ࡜ࡋࠊࡑࡢ๓ᚋ࢖ࢻࡢホ౯ࠖ࡜ࠕࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࡢホ౯ࠖࢆ⥲ࡌ࡚ࠕࡸࡾ

ࡢࠕᏊ࡝ࡶࡢㄢ㢟㸦CT㸧ࠖࠕ࢞࢖ࢻࡢᥦ᱌㸦GP㸧ࠖࡢ࡜ࡾࡢホ౯㸦IE㸧ࠖ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ
ࠕࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࡢホ౯ࠖෆᐜࢆㄪ࡭ࡓࠋ

ࡣࠊᏊ࡝ࡶ࡜ẕぶࡢᵝᏊࡀグࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ

ᡭ⥆ࡁ㸱࡚ࠊCo ࡀࡑࡢᵝᏊࢆࠕࡼ࠿ࡗࡓࠖ࡜ホ౯ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ஦౛ࡈ࡜࡟ࠕCo ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࠖࢆࠕᏊ࡝ࡶࡢ஦ᐇࡶࡢࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡀẕぶࢆぢࡓࠊᛌࡢ᝟ືࢆ㸦 CF㸧ࠖࠊࠕ Ꮚ ࡝ ࡶ ࡢ ㄢ 㢟 㸦 CT㸧ࠖࠊࠕ ࢞ ࢖ ࢻ ࡢ ᥦ ᱌♧ࡋࡓࡇ࡜㸦ࠕẕぶࢆぢࡘࡵࡓࠖࠕ➗㢦ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠖࠕ➗

㸦GP㸧ࠖࠊࠕࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࡢホ౯㸦IE㸧ࠖ࡟ศ㢮ࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊ࠸ྜࡗࡓࠖࠕᮇᚅࡋ࡚ぢ࡚࠸ࡓࠖ࡞࡝㸧ࡀグࡉࢀ࡚ྛᅇ࡛グࡉࢀࡓࠕᏊ࡝ࡶࡢㄢ㢟㸦 CT㸧ࠖࠊࠕ࢞࢖ࢻࡢࡶࡢ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊ⮬㛢⑕ඣࡣࠊ௚⪅࡜ࡸࡾ࡜ᥦ᱌㸦GP㸧ࠖࠊࠕࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࡢホ౯㸦IE㸧ࠖࢆ᭩ࡁࡔࡋࠊࡾࡍࡿ㝿࡟┦ᡭࢆぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃࠊ᝟ືⓗ࡞⾲⌧ࠕᏊ࡝ࡶࡢㄢ㢟㸦CT㸧ࠖࡀኚ᭦ࡍࡿ᫬ᮇࢆㄪ࡭ࡓࠋࡀḞ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࡓࡵ㸦 Hobson, & Hobson,ຍ࠼࡚ࠊࡑࡢ᫬ᮇ࡟グࡉࢀࡓࠕ࢞࢖ࢻࡢᥦ᱌㸦GP㸧ࠖ2009)ࠊ᝟ື࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⾲グࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࡸࡾ࡜

࡜ࡑࢀ࡟௜㝶ࡍࡿࠕࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࡢホ౯㸦IE㸧ࠖ࡜ࠕᏊࡾࢆホ౯ࡍࡿୖ࡛㔜せ࡜⪃࠼ࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡝ࡶࡢ஦ᐇ㸦CF㸧ࠖࢆグࡋࠊࠕᏊ࡝ࡶࡢㄢ㢟㸦CT㸧ࠖ

ࠕCo ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࠖࢆ࢝࢘ࣥࢺࡍࡿ㝿ࠊྠࡌෆᐜ

ࡀࠕࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࡢホ౯㸦IE㸧ࠖࡶࡋࡃࡣࠊ
ࠕᏊ࡝ࡶࡢ஦ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡣ㸯ࡘ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
ࠕCo ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࠖࢆព࿡

ᐇ㸦CF㸧ࠖ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㐩ᡂࡉࢀࡓ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡓᅇࢆㄪ

ࡢࡲ࡜ࡲࡾࡀᔂࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟༊ษࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊK ඣ࡭ࡓࠋ

ࡣ 231 ಶࠊS ඣࡣ 257 ಶࠊY ඣ 214 ಶ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᡭ⥆ࡁ㸰ࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ⋢㐟ࡧሙ㠃ࡢࠕᏊ࡝ࡶࡢㄢ㢟㸦 CT㸧ࠖࡢ࠺ࡕ 3 ྡ࡟ඹ㏻ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡣ 6 ಶࠊ2 ྡ࡟ඹ㏻ࡍࡿࡶ

Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡣࠊᶍೌࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ᚰ࡜ᚰࢆྜࢃࡏ㸦Meltzoff,ࡢࡣ 3 ಶࠊྜィ 9 ಶ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ⋵ලࢆ௓ࡋࡓ㐟ࡧሙ& Moore, 1995, Blakemore, & Frith, 2005, Reddy,㠃࡛ࡢࠕᏊ࡝ࡶࡢㄢ㢟㸦CT㸧ࠖࡢ࠺ࡕ 3 ྡ࡟ඹ㏻ࡍ

2008㸧ࠊ஫࠸ࡢពᅗࡸែᗘࢆ┦஫࡟ㄪᩚࡋྜ࠺ࡼ࠺ࡿࡶࡢࡣ 6 ಶࠊ1 ྡ࡟グ㍕ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡣ㸲ಶࠊྜィ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ(Hobson, 2000)ࠊᶍೌࡣே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ

10 ಶ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

ᛶࡢ Ⓨ 㐩ࢆ ᤊ ࠼ࡿ ୖ࡛ 㔜 せ࡞ 㔛 ⛬ᶆ ࡢ ୍ࡘ ࡜⪃ ࠼࢚ࣆࢯ࣮ࢻࡢศ㢮ࡢጇᙜᛶࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ㞀ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᶍೌࡀฟ⌧ࡍࡿ๓ᚋ࡛ࠊ⮬㛢⑕ඣᐖඣ᪋タ࡟໅ົࡍࡿඣ❺ᣦᑟဨ 2 ྡ㸦௨ୗࠕホᐃ⪅ࠖࡢㄢ㢟ࡶ㛵ࢃࡾ᪉ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ࡜᥎

࡜␎グ㸧࡟ホᐃࢆ౫㢗ࡋࡓࠋホᐃࡢ㝿࡟ࡣࠊࢥࣥࢧ

ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࢩࣕ ࣎ ࣥ⋢ 㐟 ࡧ࡟ ࠾࠸ ࡚ ཱྀࡢ ື ࡁࡢ ᶍ ೌࡢ ࢚ࣆ ࢯࣝࢱࣥࢺ࡛࠶ࡿ➹⪅ࡀ Table1 ࢆ♧ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽศ㢮࠾ 

ࡼࡧタᐃࡢ᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸ཱྀ࡚㢌࡛ㄝ᫂ࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋ⊂❧ࡢ୍⮴⋡ࡣ 96.30㸣࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋホᐃࡀ୍⮴ࡋ࡞࠸㡯ࡋ࡚෌ศ㢮ࡋࠊホᐃࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟౫㢗ࡋࡓࠋホᐃ⪅㛫┠ࡣࠊ➹⪅࡜ホᐃ⪅࡛༠㆟ࡋࠊ෌ศ㢮ࡋࡓࠋ

Table1㸸㸸ࠕCo ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࠖࡢศ㢮
࢝ࢸࢦࣜ

グ㏙౛

ࢩᏊ࡝ࡶࡢ஦ᐇ㸦fact㸧

CFMo ࡀ኱ࡁ࡞ཱྀࢆ㛤ࡅ࡚ࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ⋢ࢆ྿ࡃ࡜ࠊ A ࡣࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ⋢ࢆࡌࡗ࡜ぢ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࣕᏊ࡝ࡶࡢㄢ㢟㸦theme)

CTMo ࢆὀ┠ࡋࠊMo ࡢཱྀࡢືࡁࢆぢࡿࠋ࣎࢞࢖ࢻࡢᥦ᱌(proposal)GPࠕ࣐࣐࡟ࡶ㈚ࡋ࡚ࠖࠕ࣐࣐࡟ࣇ࣮ࡋ࡚ࠖ࡜ኌࢆ࠿ࡅࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ

ࣥࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࡢホ౯(evaluation)

IEࠕ࣐࣐ࡢ␒ࠖ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡓ㝿ࠊᐜჾࢆ Mo ࡢ᪉࡟ᘬࡁᐤࡏ࡚྿࠿ࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࠊA ࡶᮇᚅ⋢⋵ࡋ࡚ẕぶࡢࡇ࡜ࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㛵ࢃࡾࡣ኱ኚࡼ࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢ஦ᐇ㸦fact㸧

CFලMo ࡀ㣗࡭≀ࢆཱྀ࡟ࡘࡅ࡚㣗࡭ࡿࡩࡾࢆࡋ࡚ぢࡏࡿࡶࠊ A ࡣ Mo ࢆぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡞࠸
ࡲࡲࠊࠕࣃࢡࣃࢡࠖ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋᏊ࡝ࡶࡢㄢ㢟㸦theme)

CTMo ࢆ┿ఝ࡚ࠊ㣗࡭≀ࡢ⋵ලࢆཱྀ࡟ࡘࡅࡿࠋ

࢞࢖ࢻࡢᥦ᱌(proposal)GPᕪࡋฟࡉࢀࡓ≀ࢆཱྀ࡟ࡘࡅ࡚㣗࡭ࡿࡩࡾࢆࡋ࡚ぢࡏࠊࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࢆಁࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ

ࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࡢホ౯(evaluation)

IEMo ࡀ㣗࡭ࡿࡩࡾࢆࡋࡓሙྜࠊA ࡀࡑࢀࢆぢ࡚ࠊ➗࠸ࠊ㣗࡭ࡿࡩࡾࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ㸱࣭⤖ᯝTable3㸸 K ඣࡢࠕ Co ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࠖ(1)ࠕCo ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࠖࡢ≉ᚩ࡜஦౛㛫ࡢ┦㐪ࠕCo ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࠖ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑐ㇟ඣ㛫ࡢᕪࢆㄪ࡭

ࢩࣕࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊྛ஦౛ࡢࠕCo ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࠖࢆࠕCFࠖ
ࠕCTࠖ

࣎

ࣥ

㸰

ࠕGPࠖ
ࠕ IEࠖ࡟ศࡅࠊχ ᳨ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ(Table2)ࠋ⤖ᯝࠊ⋢

CFCTGPIE

ᗘᩘ

1712

1612

ᮇᚅ್

17.7338.867

15.20015.200ᗘᩘ

112812ᮇᚅ್

10.267

5.133

8.800

8.800

ࡘࡶࡾ

ᗘᩘ

141219▲

6⾜Ⅽ๓ᮇᚅ್

19.1709.404

13.3839.043

ㄪᩚ῭

-1.8711.1732.238-1.396

ࡳṧᕪ+ns

*ns

ࡘࡶࡾ

ᗘᩘ

391418‫ۃ‬19⾜Ⅽᚋᮇᚅ್

33.83016.59623.61715.957ㄪᩚ῭

1.871-1.173-2.2381.396ࡳṧᕪ+ns*nsᶍೌ๓ᶍೌᚋ㸰ࠕ Co ࡢ ࢥ ࣓ ࣥ ࢺ ࠖ ࡟ ᭷ ព ᕪ ࡀ ぢ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ 㸦 χ (6)=14.101, p<.05, Cramer's V = 0.100㸧ࠋṧᕪศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ
K ඣࡣࠕIEࠖࡀ᭷ព࡟㧗ࡃ㸦p<.05㸧ࠊY ඣࡣࠕGPࠖ⋵ලࡀ᭷ព࡟㧗࠿ࡗࡓ㸦p<.05㸧ࠋ
Table2㸸3 ஦౛ࡢࠕ Co ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࠖᑐ㇟Kඣ

CFCTGPIE

ᗘᩘ

81

40

6149▲

ᮇᚅ್

73.38046.39772.06439.158

ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ

1.315

-1.283-1.9182.107

ṧᕪnsns+*ᗘᩘ85607735ᮇᚅ್

81.64051.62080.17543.566

ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ

0.565

1.639

-0.537-1.789ṧᕪnsnsns+

ᚋࠖࡢࠕCo ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࠖࢆࠕCFࠖ
ࠕCTࠖ
ࠕGPࠖ
ࠕIEࠖ

ᗘᩘ

574181▲35

࡟ศࡅࠊχ 㸰 ᳨ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ(Table3, Table4, Table5)ࠋ⤖ᮇᚅ್

67.98042.98366.76136.276

ᯝࠊ࡝ࡢ஦౛࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶᶍೌ๓ᚋࡢࠕCo ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥㄪᩚ῭ࡳ-1.934-0.4062.520-0.279

ࢺࠖ ࡛᭷ ព ࡞ᕪ ࡣ ぢࡽ ࢀ ࡞࠿ ࡗࡓ 㸦K ඣ 㸸χ 㸰 (3)=

ṧᕪ+ns

*

ns5.055, ns. Cramer's V = 0.237, S ඣ㸸χ 㸰 (3)= 3.744 ,**p<.01 㸦▲᭷ ព ࡟ ከ

ns. Cramer's V = 0.163, Y ඣ 㸸 χ 㸰 (3)= 5.474 , ns.

ࢩ ࣕ ࣎ ࣥ ⋢ 㐟 ࡧ 㸸χ 㸰 (3)= 5.055,ns. Cramer's V = 0.237

⋵ ල ࢆ ௓ ࡋ ࡓ 㐟 ࡧ 㸸χ 㸰 (3)= 8.604, p<.05, Cramer's V = 0.247
SඣYඣχ 㸰 (6)= 14.101, p<.05, Cramer's V = 0.100, +p<.10࠸,‫ ۃ‬᭷ ព ࡟ ᑡ ࡞ ࠸,p<.05㸧

*p<.05ᶍೌ๓ᚋࡢࠕCo ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࠖ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑐ㇟ඣ㛫ࡢᕪࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊྛ஦౛ࡢࠕᶍೌ๓ࠖ࡜ࠕᶍೌ

Cramer's V = 0.220㸧ࠋ



!

"# #

ࡘࡶࡾ⾜Ⅽ๓ᚋࡢࠕCo ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࠖ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑐ ࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ⋢㐟ࡧሙ㠃࡛ࡢ Co ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡣࠊK ඣ㇟ඣ㛫ࡢᕪࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊྛ஦౛ࡢࠕࡘࡶࡾ⾜Ⅽ90 ಶࠊS ඣ 141 ಶࠊY ඣ 113 ಶ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ๓ࠖ࡜ࠕࡘࡶࡾ⾜ⅭᚋࠖࡢࠕCo ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࠖࢆࠕCFࠖ⋢㐟 ࡧ ሙ㠃 ࡟ ࠾࠸ ཱྀ࡚ ࡢ ືࡁ ࡢ ᶍೌ ࡀ ほᐹ ࡉࢀ ࡓ㸰ࠕCTࠖࠕGPࠖ
ࠕIEࠖ࡟ศࡅࠊχ ᳨ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ⤖ᯝࠊ

ࡢࡣࠊK ඣ 9 ᅇ┠ࠊS ඣ 10 ᅇ┠ࠊY ඣ 7 ᅇ┠࡛࠶ࡘࡶࡾ⾜Ⅽ๓ᚋࡢࠕCo ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ࡛ࠖࡣࠊS ඣࠊYࡗࡓࠋ㸰ඣ ࡛ ࡣ ᭷ ព ࡞ ᕪ ࡀ ぢ ࡽ ࢀ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ 㸦 S ඣ 㸸 χ (3)=㸰ᶍೌ๓ᚋࡢࠕCTࠖ࡜ࠕGPࠖࡢෆᐜࢆ Table6 ࡟♧

ns. Cramer's V = 0.187, Y ඣ㸸χ (3)= 2.641,

ࡋࡓࠋࠕᶍೌ๓ࠖࡢࠕCT࡛ࠖࡣࠊࠕࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ⋢࡟㛵ᚰ

ns. Cramer's V = 0.162㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊK ඣ࡟ࡣ᭷ពᕪࡀࢆ♧ࡍࠖࠊࠕࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ⋢ࢆࡸࡗ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࠖࠊ
ࠕẕ

4.037,

㸰ぢࡽࢀࡓ㸦χ (3)= 8.604 , p<.05, Cramer's V = 0.247㸧ࠋぶࢆぢࡿࠖࠊࠕࢫࢺ࣮ࣟࡢཷࡅΏࡋࢆࡍࡿࠖࠊࠕẕぶ࡜ṧᕪศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࠊK ඣࡢࠕࡘࡶࡾ⾜Ⅽ๓࡛ࠖࡣࠕGPࠖྠࡌࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ⋢࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿࠖࠊࠕ ẕぶࢆ┿ఝ࡚྿࠸࡚ࡀ㧗ࡃࠊࠕࡘࡶࡾ⾜Ⅽᚋࠖ࡟ࡣࠕ GPࠖࡀప࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡳࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࠖࠊࠕẕぶࡢཱྀࡢືࡁ࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿࠖ࡞࡝ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡓࠋࠕᶍೌᚋࠖࡢࠕCT࡛ࠖࡣࠊࠕẕぶࡢཱྀࡢືࡁࢆ┿ఝࡿࠖࠊࠕࢫࢺ࣮ࣟࢆဃ࠼࡚ࠊ྿ࡇ࠺࡜ࡍ

Table4㸸㸸 S ඣࡢࠕ Co ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࠖࢩ

ᶍೌ๓ࣕ
࣎ᶍೌᚋ

ࣥ

CFCTGPIEࡿࠖ࡞࡝ᣲࡆࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢㄢ㢟ࡣ 3 ஦౛ඹ࡟ᮇᗘᩘ

22202614㛫୰ࡢࠕCFࠖࡶࡋࡃࡣࠕIEࠖ࡟࡚☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ

ᮇᚅ್

26.75219.19122.09913.957ᗘᩘ

24131210ࡏࡿࠖࠊࠕ ࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ⋢ࢆ྿ࡃືసࢆ୍ࡘࡦ࡜ࡘࡺࡗࡃ

ᮇᚅ್

19.24813.80915.90110.043

ࡾ୎ᑀ࡟⾜࠺ࠖࠕ ኱ࡁ࡞ཱྀࢆ㛤ࡅ࡚ࠊࡺࡗࡃࡾ྿ࡃࠖ
࡞࡝ᣲࡆࡽࢀࡓࠋ
ࠕᶍೌᚋࠖࡢࠕGP࡛ࠖࡣࠊ
ࠕẕぶࡢ⋢

⋵

ࡘࡶࡾ⾜

ᗘᩘ

1816

223

ල

Ⅽ๓

ᮇᚅ್

19.83613.73319.836

5.595

ࡘࡶࡾ⾜

ᗘᩘ

21

11

178Ⅽᚋ

ᮇᚅ್

19.16413.26719.1645.405

ࢩ ࣕ ࣎ ࣥ ⋢ 㐟 ࡧ㸸χ 㸰 (㸱)= 3.744, ns. Cramer's V = 0.163 ⋵ ල ࢆ ௓ ࡋࡓ 㐟 ࡧ㸸χ 㸰 (㸱)=4.037,ࠕᶍೌ๓ࠖࡢࠕGP࡛ࠖࡣࠊࠕᴦࡋࡑ࠺࡟྿࠸࡚ぢཱྀ࡬ࡢὀ┠ࢆಁࡍࠖࠊ
ࠕྠࡌ≀ࢆ୪࡭࡚”ྠࡌࡔࡡ”࡜☜ㄆࡍࡿࠖࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡓࠋղ⋵ලࢆ௓ࡋࡓ㐟ࡧ⋵ලࢆ௓ࡋࡓ㐟ࡧሙ㠃࡛ࡢ Co ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡣࠊK
ඣ 141 ಶࠊS ඣ 116 ಶࠊY ඣ 101 ಶ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ⋵ලࢆ௓ࡋࡓ㐟ࡧሙ㠃࡛ࡘࡶࡾ⾜Ⅽࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣࠊ

ns. Cramer's V = 0.187

K ඣ 6 ᅇ┠ࠊS ඣ 10 ᅇ┠ࠊY ඣ 12 ᅇ┠࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
⋵ලࢆ௓ࡋࡓ㐟ࡧሙ㠃࡛ࡢࠕࡘࡶࡾ⾜Ⅽ๓ᚋࠖࡢ

Table5㸸 Y ඣࡢࠕ Co ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࠖ

ࠕCTࠖ࡜ࠕGPࠖࡢෆᐜࢆ Table7 ࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋࠕࡘࡶࡾ

CFCTGPIE

ᗘᩘ

813209ᮇᚅ್

12.3899.292

19.4698.850

ᗘᩘ

2082411ᮇᚅ್

15.61111.70824.531

11.150⾜Ⅽ๓ࠖࡢࠕCT࡛ࠖࡣࠊࠕẕぶ࡟ὀពࢆྥࡅࡿࠖࠊࠕ≀ࢩᶍೌ๓ࣕ࣎ᶍೌᚋࣥࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ཷࡅΏࡋࡢࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࢆࡍࡿࠖࠊࠕ ࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࢆ⋢௓ࡋ࡚“ྠࡌ“ࡢ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿࠖࠊࠕẕぶࢆᶍೌࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࠖ࡞࡝ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡓࠋࠕࡘࡶࡾ⾜ⅭᚋࠖࡢࠕCT࡛ࠖࡣࠊࠕ㣗࡭ࡿࡩࡾࢆ௓ࡋࡓࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࢆᴦࡋࡴࠖࠊࠕ ẕぶࡢཱྀ࡟╔┠ࡉࡏࠊཱྀ࡬ࡢ㛵ᚰࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࠖ⋵ࡘࡶࡾ⾜ᗘᩘ

22112611ලⅭ๓ᮇᚅ್

20.09913.86125.644

10.396

ࡘࡶࡾ⾜ᗘᩘ

79114

౛ࡢࡳ࡟♧ࡋࡓㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕᣦࡉࡋࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ࣔࣀ

Ⅽᚋᮇᚅ್

8.901

6.139

11.3564.604

ࢆඹ᭷ࡍࡿ㸦Y ඣ㸧ࠖࠊࠕẕぶࡢ཯ᛂࢆᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ࡟⾜࡞࡝ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣࠊ3 ஦౛ඹ࡟ᮇ㛫୰ࡢ
ࠕCFࠖࡶࡋࡃࡣࠕIEࠖ࡟࡚☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ1 ஦ࢩ ࣕ ࣎ ࣥ ⋢ 㐟 ࡧ 㸸χ 㸰 (㸱)= 5.474 , ns. Cramer's V = 0.220 ⋵ ල ࢆ ௓ ࡋ ࡓ 㐟 ࡧ 㸸χ 㸰ືࡍࡿ㸦K ඣ㸧ࠖࡸࠕࡸࡵ࡚࡜ᣄྰࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ

(㸱)= 2.641,

㸦S ඣ㸧ࠖࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡓࡀࠊ3 ஦౛࡜ࡶ࡟ᮇ㛫୰࡟☜

ns. Cramer's V = 0.162

ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࠕࡘࡶࡾ⾜Ⅽ๓ࠖࡢࠕGP࡛ࠖࡣࠊࠕ࣮࢜ࣂ(2)Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢⓎ㐩ㄢ㢟࡜ࡑࢀ࡟ぢྜ࠺㛵ࢃࡾ᪉࣮ࣜ࢔ࢡࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ㛵ࢃࡿࠖࠊࠕ Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡀࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇձࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ⋢㐟ࡧ࡜ࢆ┿ఝࡿࠖࠊࠕேᙧࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ࠊ”ࡕࡻ࠺ࡔ࠸㸫࡝࠺ ࡒ”ࡢࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࢆࡍࡿࠖࠊ
ࠕྠࡌ≀ࢆぢࡏ࡞ࡀࡽ“ྠࡌぢࡏࡿࠖࠊࠕ ẕぶ࡬ࡢὀどࡢ᭷↓ࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡸࡾ“”୍⥴“࡜ኌࢆ࠿ࡅࡿࠖ࡞࡝ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡓࠋࠕࡘࡶࡾ࡜ࡾࢆࡍࡿࠖ࡞࡝ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡓࠋ⾜ⅭᚋࠖࡢࠕGP࡛ࠖࡣࠊࠕ୍⥴࡟㣗࡭ࡿࡩࡾࢆࡋ࡚
Table6㸸㸸 ࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ⋢㐟ࡧሙ㠃࡛ࡢࠕᏊ࡝ࡶࡢㄢ㢟ࠖ࡜ࠕ࢞࢖ࢻࡢᥦ᱌ࠖࡢෆᐜࠕ CTࠖ㸸 Ꮚ࡝ ࡶࡢ ㄢ㢟ᶍ࣭ࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ ⋢࡟㛵 ᚰࢆ♧ࡍ ࠋࠕ GPࠖ㸸 ࢞࢖ ࢻࡢ ᥦ᱌࣭ᴦࡋࡑ࠺ ࡟྿࠸ ࡚ぢࡏࡿೌ࣭Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢ Ẽᣢࡕ ࢆ௦ᘚࡋ ࡞ࡀࡽ 㛵ࢃࡿࠋ๓࣭ࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ ⋢ࢆ྿ ࡃືసࢆ ࡺࡗࡃ ࡾ୎ᑀ࡟⾜ ࠺ࠋ࣭ࠕࡸࡗ࡚ ࡳࡼ࠺ࠖ ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ࣭Ẽᣢࡕࢆ ཷࡅṆ ࡵ࡞ࡀࡽ ࠊࢩࣕ ࣎ࣥ⋢ࢆᥦ ♧ࡍࡿ ࠋ࣭ࠕࡶࡗ࡜ ࠖࡢせồ ࢆ⾲ฟࡍ ࡿࠋ࣭ど⥺ࡀྜ ࡗࡓࡽ ኌࢆ࠿ࡅ ࠊࢩࣕ ࣎ࣥ⋢ࢆ྿ ࡃࠋ࣭ࢩࣕ࣎ ࣥ⋢ࢆ ྿࠸࡚࠸ ࡿẕぶ࡟ 㛵ᚰࢆ♧ࡍ ࠋ࣭྿ࡃ๓࡟ ࡣࠊྡ ๓ࢆ࿧ࡧ ࠊᏊ࡝ ࡶ࡜┠ࡀྜ ࡗࡓࡽ ྿ࡃࠋ࣭ẕぶࢆぢ ࡿࠋ࣭Ꮚ࡝ࡶࢆ ࿧ࡧ࠿ ࡅࠊẕぶ ࢆぢࡿ ࡢࢆᚅࡗ࡚ ࠿ࡽ྿ ࡃࠋ࣭ࢫࢺ࣮ࣟ ࡢཷࡅ Ώࡋࢆࡍ ࡿࠋ࣭ࣔࣀࡢཷ ࡅΏࡋ ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ 㛵ࢃࡿ㸦 Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢせ ồ࡟ᛂ ࡌ࡚ࢫࢺ࣭ࢫࢺ࣮ࣟ ࡢṇࡋ ࠸ᣢࡕ᪉ ࢆ▱ࡿ ࠋ࣮ࣟࡸᐜჾ ࢆ౑⏝ ࡍࡿ㸧ࠋ࣭྿ࡃࡓࡵ ࡢᡭ㡰 ࢆண࣭ᡭࢆῧ࠼ ࡚ࠊࢫ ࢺ࣮ࣟࢆ ཱྀ࡟ࡘ ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡼ ࠺࡟ࡍ ࡿࠋࡍ ࡿࠋ☜ㄆ ᅇKඣSඣYඣ3㸯35㸯53㸯㸲㸴㸱㸴࣭ẕぶࡀࣔ ࢹࣝ࡟ ࡞ࡾࠊ᧯ స᪉ἲ ࢆ♧ࡍࠋᶍ࣭ẕぶ࡜ྠ ࡌࢩࣕ ࣎ࣥ⋢࡟ ὀ┠ࡍ ࡿࠋ࣭Ꮚ࡝ࡶࢆ ࿧ࡧ࠿ ࡅ࡞ࡀࡽ ࢩࣕ࣎ ࣥ⋢ࢆᣦࡉ ࡍࠋ㸳㸴6࣭ẕぶࢆ┿ ఝ࡚྿ ࠸࡚ࡳࡼ ࠺࡜ࡍ ࡿࠋ࣭኱ࡁ࡞ཱྀ ࢆ㛤ࡅ ࡚ࠊࡺࡗ ࡃࡾ྿ ࡃࠋ㸷㸰㸳࣭ẕぶࡢཱྀ ࡢືࡁ ࡟ὀ┠ࡍ ࡿࠋ࣭Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡀ ྿ࡇ࠺ ࡜ࡋࡓࡽ ࠊ୍⥴ ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ཱྀ ࢆ㛤ࡅ ࡚྿ࡃࠋ12㸷㸴࣭ẕぶࡢཱྀ ࡢືࡁ ࢆ┿ఝࡿ ࠋ࣭ẕぶࡢཱྀ ࡬ࡢὀ ┠ࢆಁࡍ ࠋ1310 ࠋ㸵141112ೌ࣭ẕ ぶ ࡜㞄 ࡟ ୪ ࢇ࡛ ୍ ⥴࡟ ࢫ ࢺࣟ ࣮ࢆ ဃ ࠼࡚ ࠊࠕྠ ࡌ ࡔࡡ ࠖࢆᚋఏ࠼ࡿࠋ࣭ࢫࢺ࣮ࣟ ࢆဃ࠼ ࡚ࠊ྿ࡇ ࠺࡜ࡍ ࡿࠋ࣭ṇࡋ࠸ྥ ࡁ࡛ဃ ࠼ࡿࠋ࣭࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ ࢫࢺࣟ ࣮ࡸ࣡ࣥ ࢻ㸦᯶ ࡘࡁࡢ㍯ࡢ 㐨ල㸧ࢆ౑ ࡗ࡚ࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ⋢ ࢆ྿ࡃ ࠋ࣭ྠࡌ≀ࢆ ୪࡭࡚ ࠕྠࡌࡔ ࡡࠖ࡜ ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋ࣭ࢫࢺ࣮ࣟࡢ ྥࡁࢆ 㛫㐪࠼ࡓ ሙྜ ࡟ࡣࠊࠕ཯ᑐࡔ ࡼࠖࠕࡇࡗ ࡕྥࡁࠖ࡜ኌࢆ ᥃ࡅࡓ ࡾࠊᡭࢆ ῧ࠼࡚ ṇࡋ࠸ྥࡁ ࢆఏ࠼ ࡿࠋ㸨 ᩘ Ꮠ ࡣࠊ ᶍೌࡀ ฟ⌧ࡋࡓ ᚋ࡟ほ ᐹࡉࢀࡓ㡯 ┠࡛࠶ ࡾࠊᩘᏐ ࡣࡑࡢ ฟ⌧ᅇࢆ♧ ࡍࠋ㸲࣭⪃ᐹ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠕCFࠖ
ࠕCTࠖ
ࠕGPࠖ
ࠕIE࡛ࠖ᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㸦㸯㸧஦౛㛫ࡢ┦㐪ࡲࡓࠊࡘࡶࡾ⾜Ⅽ๓ᚋࡢ S ඣ࡜ Y ඣࡢࠕCo ࡢࢥ࣓㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿᏊ࡝ࡶࡢⓎ㐩ᨭ᥼ࡣࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡢᐇែࢆ

ࣥࢺ࡛ࠖࡶࠕCFࠖࠕCTࠖ
ࠕGPࠖࠕIE࡛ࠖࡣ᭷ព࡞ᕪࡀ

ᤊ࠼ࠊࡑࢀ࡟ぢྜࡗࡓ┠ᶆࢆタᐃࡋࠊᡭ❧࡚ࢆぢฟ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊK ඣࡢࠕࡘࡶࡾ⾜Ⅽ๓ࠖࡢࠕGPࠖࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㛵ࢃࡾࠊࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ⏕ࡌࡓᏊ࡝ࡶࡢኚ໬ࢆࡣ㧗ࡃࠊࠕࡘࡶࡾ⾜Ⅽᚋࠖࡢࠕ GPࠖࡀపࡃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡿࠋᏊ࡝ࡶࡢⓎ㐩ࡣࠊᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࠕCo ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࠖࢆᑐ㇟ඣ㛫࡛ẚ㍑ࡋࡓሙ

ࡇࢀࡽࡀ୍㈏ᛶࢆᣢࡕࠊᆒ⾮ࢆಖࡕ࡞ࡀࡽᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚

ྜࠊK ඣࡢࠕIEࠖࡣ㧗࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࡸࡾ࡜ࡾ㛤࠸ࡿ᫬࡟ಁࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸦ᱵὠࠊబ⸨, 2004㸧ࠊࠕCFࠖጞ┤ᚋࡢ K ඣ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊࡘࡶࡾ⾜Ⅽࡀࡸࡸ㞴ࡋ࠸

ࠕCTࠖࠕGPࠖࠕIEࠖࡢᆒ⾮ࡀಖࡓࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊCoࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᚲ㡲࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡣࡸ ࡾ ࡜ࡾ ࢆ ホ౯ ࡋ࡞ ࡀ ࡽࡶ ල యⓗ ࡞ 㛵ࢃ ࡾ᪉ ࢆᶍೌ๓ᚋࡢࠕCo ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ࡛ࠖࡣࠊ࡝ࡢ஦౛࡟ࡼࡾከࡃᥦ᱌ ࡋࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡑࡢᚋࠊK ඣࡢ!

# #"ࠕGPࠖࡀపࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ㞴⯟ࡋࡓࡘࡶࡾ⾜ⅭࢆඹྠࡢႠࡳ࡜ࡋ࡚タᐃࡋࠊᶍೌࡸࡘࡶࡾ⾜Ⅽࢆㄢࡶ K ඣࡢⓎ㐩࡟ࡶぢྜࡗࡓㄢ㢟࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽ㢟࡜ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ3 ஦౛ඹ࡟ጇᙜ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ⋢㐟ࡧࡸ⋵ලࢆ௓ࡋࡓ㐟ࡧࢀࡿࠋTable7㸸㸸 ⋵ලࢆ௓ࡋࡓ㐟ࡧሙ㠃࡛ࡢࠕᏊ࡝ࡶࡢㄢ㢟ࠖ࡜ࠕ࢞࢖ࢻࡢᥦ᱌ࠖࡢෆᐜ
ࠕ CTࠖ㸸 Ꮚ࡝ ࡶࡢ ㄢ㢟ࠕ GPࠖ㸸 ࢞࢖ ࢻࡢ ᥦ᱌ࡘ࣭ẕぶ࡟ὀ ពࢆྥ ࡅࡿࠋ࣭࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ ࣜ࢔ࢡ ࢩࣙࣥ㛵 ࢃࡿࠋࡶ࣭ẕぶࡢ⾜ Ⅽ࡟⯆ ࿡ࢆ♧ࡍ ࠋ࣭Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡀ ᢅ࠺ࣔ ࣀࢆ౑ࡗ ࡚ྠࡌ ᧯సࢆࡋ࡚ ぢࡏࡿ ࠋࡾ࣭ẕぶࡀ⮬ ศ࡜୍ ⥴ࡢࡇ࡜ ࢆࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟

࣭Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡀ ࡸࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ ࢆ┿ఝ ࡿࠋ⾜Ẽ࡙ࡃࠋ࣭ẕぶ࡜⮬ ศࡢ≀ ࡀࠕྠࡌ ࠖࡔ࡜ Ẽ࡙ࡃࠋ࣭ྠࡌࡇ࡜ ࢆࡋ࡚ ぢࡏࠊࠕ࣐ ࣐ࡶ୍ ⥴ࠖࢆఏ࠼ ࡿࠋ๓࣭ேᙧࢆ௓ ࡋ࡚㣗 ࡭ࡿࡩࡾ ࢆࡍࡿ ࠊ㌴ࢆ௓ࡋ

࣭ேᙧࢆ௓ ࡋ࡚ࠕ ࢖ࢼ࢖࢖ ࢼ࢖ࣂ ࣮ࠖࢆࡍࡿ ࠊேᙧ ࡟㣗࡭ࡉ஺ࢃࡏࡿࠋKඣ

Sඣ

Yඣ

2㸯㸰㸰㸴㸵㸲㸴㸵࣭Ꮚ࡝ࡶ࡜ ྠࡌ≀ ࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ ྠࡌࡇ ࡜ࢆࡍࡿࠋⅭ࡚㐠ࡪ࡞࡝ ࠊẕぶ ࡜ࡢ㛫࡛ ࠕࡶࡢ ࠖࢆ⾜ࡁ☜ㄆ ᅇࡏࡿࠊ㌴ࢆ ௓ࡋ࡚ ࣔࣀࢆ⾜ ࡁ஺ࢃ ࡏࡿ㸧࣭࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ ࢔ࢡࢩ ࡛ࣙࣥ㛵 ࢃࡿࠋ࣭㌟᣺ࡾࢧ ࢖ࣥࢆ ஺࠼࡚ാ ࡁ࠿ࡅ ࡿࠋ࣭ᣦࡉࡋࢆ ௓ࡋ࡚ ࣔࣀࢆඹ ᭷ࡍࡿ ࠋ࣭ẕぶࡀᣦ ࡉࡋࡓ ᪉࡟ど⥺ ࢆྥࡅ ࡓࡽࠊኌࢆ ࠿ࡅࡿ ࠋ㸵㸷㸴࣭≀ࢆ௓ࡋ ࡚ཷࡅ Ώࡋࡢࡸ ࡾ࡜ࡾ ࢆࡍࡿࠋ࣭ேᙧࢆ௓ ࡋ࡚ࠕ ࡕࡻ࠺ࡔ ࠸ࠖࠕ࡝ ࠺ࡒࠖࡢࡸ ࡾ࡜ࡾ ࢆࡍࡿࠋ㸴㸳14࣭ࠕࡕࡻ ࠺ࡔ࠸ࠖࠕ࡝࠺ࡒ ࠖࢆ௓ ࡋࡓ ࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࢆ

࣭࿧ࡧ᥃ࡅ ࡚࠿ࡽ ලయ≀ࢆ ᥦ♧ࡍ ࡿࠋࡍࡿࠋ

࣭ேᙧ࡟㣗 ࡭ࡉࡏ ࡿࠋ࣭ேᙧࢆ௓ ࡋ࡚ࠊ ཷࡅΏࡋ ࢆࡍࡿ ࠋ࣭ேᙧࢆື ࠿ࡋࡓ ࡾࠊ㌴ࢆ ㉮ࡽࡏ ࡓࡾࡋ࡚㛵 ࢃࡿࠋ㸶10㸷ࡘ࣭ࠕྠࡌࠖ ࡢ⌮ゎࢆ ῝ࡵࡿࠋ࣭ྠࡌ≀ࢆ ぢࡏ࡞ ࡀࡽࠕྠ ࡌࠖࠕ୍ ⥴ࠖ࡜ኌࢆ ࠿ࡅࡿ ࠋ㸴㸵13ࡶ࣭ẕぶࢆᶍ ೌࡋ࡚ ࡳࡼ࠺࡜ ࡍࡿࠋ࣭Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡀ ዲࡁ࡞ ≀ࠊ▱ࡗ ࡚࠸ࡿ ≀ࢆேᙧ࡟ 㣗࡭ࡉ ࡏࡿࠋࡾ࣭㣗࡭ࡿࡩ ࡾࢆ௓ ࡋࡓࡸࡾ ࡜ࡾࢆ ᴦࡋࡴࠋ࣭࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ ࣜ࢔ࢡ ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ 㣗࡭ࡿ ࡩࡾࢆࡋ࡚ ぢࡏࡿ ࠋ⾜࣭ẕぶࡢཱྀ ࡟╔┠ ࡉࡏࠊཱྀ ࡬ࡢ㛵 ᚰࢆ㧗ࡵ࣭Ꮚ࡝ࡶ࡟㣗 ࡭ࡉࡏ ࡓࡾࠊேᙧ ࡟㣗 ࡭ࡉࡏࡓࡾࠊẕぶࡀ㣗 ࡭ࡿ101312Ⅽᚋࡿࠋ࣭ேᙧࡢ ཱྀࢆ௓ࡋ ࡚ࠊ⮬ศࡢཱྀ ࠊẕ ぶࡢཱྀࠊேᙧࡢཱྀࡀྠ ࡌ࡛࠶ ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ Ẽ࡙ࡃ ࠋࡩࡾࢆࡍࡿ ࠋ࣭Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡀ 㣗࡭≀ ࢆཱྀ࡟ࡋ ࡓ㝿࡟ ࡣࠊẕぶࡶ ࡑࢀࢆ ┿ఝ࡚ࠊ୍⥴࡟㣗࡭ ࡿࡩࡾ ࢆࡋ࡚ぢ ࡏࡿࠋ ேᙧ࡟㣗࡭ ࡉࡏࡓ ᫬࡟ࡣࠊࠕ࣐࣐ ࡶ㣗࡭ࡓ ࠸࡞ࠖ࡜ ኱ࡁ࡞ ཱྀࢆ㛤ࡅ࡚ ാࡁ࠿ ࡅࡿࠋ࣭ẕぶࡢ཯ ᛂࢆᡭ ࡀ࠿ࡾ࡟ ⾜ືࡍ ࡿࠋ࣭ẕぶ࡬ࡢ ὀどࡢ ᭷↓ࢆ☜ ㄆࡋ࡞ ࡀࡽࡸࡾ࡜ ࡾࢆࡍ ࡿࠋ1016࡞ࡋ࣭ࠕࡸࡵ࡚ ࠖ࡜ᣄྰ ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ ࡟࡞ࡿ ࠋ࣭Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢ ព࡟཯ ࡋࡓ᧯స ࢆពᅗ ⓗ࡟ࡍࡿࠋ

1010㸶㸨 ᩘᏐ ࡣࠊࡘࡶࡾ⾜Ⅽࡀฟ⌧ࡋࡓᚋ࡟ほᐹࡉࢀࡓ㡯┠࡛࠶ࡾࠊᩘᏐࡣࡑࡢฟ⌧ᅇࢆ♧ࡍࠋ㸦㸰㸧ࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ⋢㐟ࡧሙ㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚ᶍೌࢆಁࡍࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᐃᆺⓎ㐩ඣࡢሙྜࠊᩍ࠼࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶᶍೌࢆࡋࠊᶍೌ⮬㛢⑕ඣࡣࠊࣔࣀ࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࣔࢆ௓ࡋࡓࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࢆ⮬↛࡟ᴦࡋࡴࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡀࠊ⮬ࣀࢆ᧯సࡋ࡚࠸ࡿேࢆὀ┠ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀஈࡋࡃࠊ௚⪅㛢⑕ඣ࡛ࡣࡑࢀࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸㸦ูᗓ, 2016㸧ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼࡟ࠊ

࠿ࡽᏛࡪࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ⮬㛢⑕ඣ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ኱ࡁ࡞ཱྀࢆ㛤ࡅ࡚ࠊࡺࡗࡃࡾ྿ࡃࠖࠕᏊ࡝ࡶࡀ྿ࠕᴦࡋࡑ࠺࡟྿࠸࡚ぢࡏࡿࠖࠕᏊ࡝ࡶࡢẼᣢࡕࢆ௦ࡇ࠺࡜ࡋࡓ㝿࡟ࡣࠊẕぶࡶ୍⥴࡟኱ࡁ࡞ཱྀࢆ㛤ࡅ࡚ᘚࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㛵ࢃࡿࠖࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࠊࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ⋢࡟㛵ᚰࢆ྿ࡃࠖ࡜࠸࠺㛵ࢃࡾࡢࡶ࡜ࠊᑐ㇟ඣࡽࡀẕぶࡢཱྀ࡟♧ࡋࠊࡸࡗ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿẼᣢࡕࡀᘬࡁฟࡉࢀࡿࡼὀ┠࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࠊཱྀࡢືࡁࢆᶍೌࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺࡜࠺࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣ኱ษ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇ࠸࠺ Ẽ ᣢࡕ ࡟ ࡞ࡿ ࡼ࠺ ࡟ ࡋ࡚ ࠸ ࡃࡇ ࡜ ࡣ኱ ษ࡛ ࠶ࡢሙྜࠊᑐ㇟ඣࡽࡀ⮬Ⓨⓗ࡟௚⪅ࡢ㢦࡟ὀ┠ࡋࡓࡃ ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛㸦ูᗓ, 2018㸧ࠊࠕࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ⋢ࡋࠊ11 ࣨ᭶ᚋ༙࡟௚⪅㸦ேᙧ㸧࡟㣗࡭ࡉࡏࡿࡩࡾࢆࢆ྿ࡃືసࢆ୍ࡘࡦ࡜ࡘࡺࡗࡃࡾ୎ᑀ࡟⾜࠺ࠖࠕどࡋࡓࡾࠊ⮬ศࡀ㣗࡭ࡿࡩࡾࢆࡍࡿ⾜Ⅽࢆࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟⥺ࡀྜࡗࡓࡽኌࢆ࠿ࡅࠊࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ⋢ࢆ྿ࡃࠖࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ㸦㯞⏕, 1990㸧ࠋᑐ㇟ඣࡽࡀࣔࣀࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ࠕ㣗࡭ࡋࠊࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ⋢ࢆ྿࠸࡚࠸ࡿẕぶ࡟㛵ᚰࢆ♧ࡋࠊẕࡿ㸫㣗࡭ࡉࡏࡿࠖ㛵ಀࢆᙧᡂࡋࠊࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࡍࡿࡼ࠺ぶ࡜ ὀ ┠ࡋ ྜ ࠼ࡿ ࡼ࠺ ࡟ ࡋ࡚ ࠸ ࡃᚲ せ ࡀ࠶ ࡗࡓ ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࣔࣀࢆ௓ࡋ࡚⮬ศࡢཱྀ࡜௚⪅ࡢཱྀゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡀྠࡌཱྀ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆㄆ㆑ࡋࡓࡓࡵ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ୕㡯㛵ಀࡀᡂ❧ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡣ⮬ศࡢ⯆࿡ࡢ࠶ࡿࣔࣀࢆ┦ᡭ࡟ぢࡏࡓࡾࠊᣦࡉࡋࢆࡋ࡚㸳࣭⥲ྜⓗ⪃ᐹ┦ᡭࢆ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡗ࡚ぢࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⮬㛢⑕ᮏ◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᑐ㇟ඣࡽࡣࠕࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ⋢㐟ࡧࠖࡸඣࡣࠊ୕㡯㛵ಀࢆᡂ❧ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋࡃࠊ௚⪅࡜ࠕ⋵ලࢆ௓ࡋࡓ㐟ࡧࠖ࡜࠸࠺ඹྠࡢႠࡳࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚Ⓨࣔࣀࡸฟ᮶஦ࢆඹ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ⮬㐩ࢆ㐙ࡆࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋᏊ࡝ࡶࡢⓎ㐩ࡣࠊ㛢⑕ඣ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࠕᏊ࡝ࡶࡢせồ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ࢫࢺ࣮ࣟᩍ⫱ෆᐜࡸᩍᮦࠊᩍ࠼᪉ࡀࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸᫬࡟ಁࡉࢀࡿࡸᐜჾࢆ௓ࡋ࡚㛵ࢃࡿࠖࠊࠕ Ꮚ࡝ࡶࢆ࿧ࡧ࠿ࡅ࡞ࡀࡽࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸦ཎ⏣, 2019㸧ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ㐟ࡧࡣࠊෆᐜࠊᩍࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ⋢ࢆᣦࡉࡍࠖࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ୕㡯㛵ಀࢆᡂ❧ࡉࡏᮦࠊ㛵ࢃࡾ᪉ࡶྵࡵ࡚ࠊᑐ㇟ඣࡽࡢⓎ㐩࡟ぢྜࡗࡓࡿ࠺࠼࡛኱ษ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㛵ࢃࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡾࡢࡶ࡜ࠊᑐ㇟ඣࡽࡣࠕẕぶࡀࣔࢹࣝ࡟࡞ࡾࠊ᧯సࠕࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ⋢㐟ࡧࠖࡸࠕ⋵ලࢆ௓ࡋࡓ㐟ࡧࠖ࡟ࡣࠊ᪉ἲࢆ♧ࡍࠖ࡜࠸࠺㛵ࢃࡾࢆཷࡅධࢀࠊẕぶࢆ㏻ࡋཱྀࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ࠕࡍࡿ㸫ࡉࢀࡿࠖ㛵ಀࢆྵࡴ⾜Ⅽࡀྵࡲ࡚ࣔ ࣀ ࡢ᧯ స ᪉ἲ ࢆ⩦ ᚓ ࡍࡿ ࡼ ࠺࡟ ࡞ ࡗࡓ ࡜⪃ ࠼ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ⮬㛢⑕ඣࡣࠊ࠶ࡃࡧࡢఏᰁ࡜ゝࡗࡓ⾲᝟ࡽࢀࡿࠋ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊ⮬㛢⑕ඣࡣࠊ᝟⥴ⓗ஺᥮ࢆకࢃࡢ⮬ືᶍೌࡀ㞴ࡋࡃ㸦ูᗓ, 2016㸧ࠊཱྀࡢືࡁࢆᶍೌࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡞࠸ࡲࡲࠊඹྠὀព⾜ືࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ⮬㛢⑕ඣࡣࠊ㌟యࢆᇶⅬࡿ㸦ෆ⸨, 2018㸧ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࠕẕぶ࡜ྠࡌࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ࡟⨨࠸ࡓᚰ⌮ⓗࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥⓗࢫࢱࣥࢫࢆ⋢࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿࠖࡇ࡜ࢆㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡶࠊ㛵ࢃࡾ᪉ᣢࡘᏑᅾ࡜ࡋ࡚⮬௚ࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋࡃࠊ஫࠸ࢆᕤኵࡋࠊ᝟ືඹ᭷య㦂ࡀಖ㞀ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡢᙺ ๭ ࢆ஺ ᭰ ࡋ࡞ ࡀࡽ ࡸ ࡾ࡜ ࡾ ࡍࡿ ࡇ ࡜ࡀ 㞴ࡋ ࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣᚲ㡲࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ㸦ูᗓ, 2013)ࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ⮬㛢⑕ඣ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࣔࣀࢆ㸦 㸱 㸧 ⋵ල ࢆ௓ ࡋ ࡓ㐟 ࡧ ሙ㠃 ࡟ ࠾࠸ ࡚ࡘ ࡶ ࡾ⾜ Ⅽ௓ࡋཱྀ࡚ࢆᙉㄪࡋ࡚㛵ࢃࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࣔࣀࡢඛ࡟࠶ࡿࢆಁࡍẕぶ ࡢ ཱྀࡸ ே ᙧࡢ ཱྀࡀ ⮬ ศࡢ ཱྀ ࡜ྠ ࡌ ࡛࠶ ࡿࡇ ࡜㏻ᖖࠊ୕㡯㛵ಀࡀᡂ❧ࡍࡿ⏕ᚋ㸷ࠊ10 ࢝᭶㡭࡟࡟Ẽ࡙࠿ࡏࡿ୍ຓ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ྠᵝ࡟ࠊ࡞ࡿ࡜ࠕᶍೌࡍࡿࡋࠊᶍೌࡉࢀࡿࠖࡇ࡜ࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࠕ྿ࡃ㸫ぢࡿࠖࠕ㣗࡭ࡿ㸫㣗࡭ࡉࡏࡿࠖࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ࠕࡍ

ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ㸦Meltzoff & Mooreࠊ1995㸧ࠋࡑࡢᚋ㸯ṓࡿ㸫ࡉࢀࡿࠖᙺ๭ࢆ஺᭰ࡋ࡚㛵ࢃࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ⮬௚㛵༙㡭࡟ࡣࠊ௚⪅ࢆᶍೌࡍࡿ⮬ศࠊ௚⪅࠿ࡽᶍೌࡉࢀಀࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ୍ຓ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ࡚࠸ࡿ⮬ศࢆ⮬ぬࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ㸦ᒾ⏣ࠊ2011㸧ࠋ

㏻ᖖ 1 ṓ㡭ࡲ࡛࡟⮬ᕫ࡜௚⪅ࡢྠᆺᛶࢆㄆ㆑ࡋࠊࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⮬㛢⑕ඣࡣ௚⪅ࢆᶍೌࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ࡞ࡽࡧ࡟ࠊ௚ඣ ࡀ ⮬ศ ࡜ ྠࡌ ࡼ࠺ ࡟ ⾜ື ࢆ ࡍࡿ ࡇ ࡜࡟ Ẽ࡙ ࡃ௚⪅࠿ࡽᶍೌࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡬ࡢㄆ㆑ࡀᙅࡃࠊᶍೌࡀࠊ⮬㛢⑕ඣ࡛ࡣࡑࢀࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ⮬㛢⑕ඣࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ⮬㛢ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊྠࡌࣔࣀࠊྠࡌࡇ࡜ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ࠕྠࡌࠖࢆ⑕ඣ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ࣜ࢔ࢡࢩ࡛ࣙࣥᴦࡋࡑ࠺ᙉㄪࡋ࡚ఏ࠼ࠊࠕྠࡌࠖࢆㄆ㆑࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚࠸࡟㛵 ࢃ ࡗࡓ ࡾ ࠊ㏫ ᶍೌ ࢆ ࡋ࡚ 㛵 ࢃࡿ ࡇ ࡜࡟ ࡼࡗ ࡚ࡃࡇ࡜ࡶ኱ษ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㛵ࢃ㸦Nadel, 2014㸧ࠊẕぶࡀ⮬ศ࡜ྠࡌࡇ࡜ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡾࡢࡶ࡜ࠊᑐ㇟ඣࡽࡣࣔࣀࢆ௓ࡋ࡚⮬ᕫࡢཱྀ࡜௚⪅ࡇ࡜࡟Ẽ࡙࠿ࡏࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡢཱྀ࡜ࡢྠᆺᛶࡢㄆ㆑ࡋࠊཱྀࡢືࡁࢆᶍೌࡋࠊࢩࣕᏊ࡝ࡶࡣࠕཱྀࠖࢆ௓ࡋ࡚௚⪅࡜ࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜࣎ࣥ⋢ࢆ྿ࡇ࠺࡜ࡋࡓࡾࠊ㣗࡭ࡿࡘࡶࡾ⾜Ⅽࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ㏻ᖖ࡞ࡽࡤ⏕ᚋ 8 ࢝᭶㡭࡟ࠊ⮬ᕫࡢཱྀ࡜࡟ࡋࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊᑐ㇟ඣࡽࡀྍ⬟࡟௚⪅ ࡢ ཱྀ࡜ ࢆ ⤖ࡧ ࡘࡅ ࡿ ፹௓ ≀ ࢆⓎ ぢ ࡋࠊ ࡑࡢ ᚋࡋࡓᶍೌࡸࡘࡶࡾ⾜Ⅽࡣࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࡢ⤖10 ࣨ᭶㡭࡟⮬ᕫ࡜௚⪅ࡢཱྀࡢᶵ⬟ⓗྠᆺᛶࡢ⌮ゎᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚⌧ࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ㐣⛬࡛ࡣࠊᑐ㇟ඣ㸶

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ࡽࡀ ẕ ぶࢆ ࡘ ࠸┿ ఝࡋ ࡓ ࡃ࡞ ࡿ Ẽᣢ ࡕ ࡢὶ ࢀࡀ ࠶ࡉࡏࡿ⾜ືࡢ◊✲. Ⓨ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲, ➨㸯ᕳ➨㸯ࡗࡓ࡜᥎

ྕ. 20-29.

ࡉࢀࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊᶍೌࡣࠊ㌟యࡢእࡢఱ࠿࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᑟ࠿ࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㌟యࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢ

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Lesson for education. Black Puublishing Ltd., Oxford.

ࡗ࡚ࠊྠ୍どࡋࡓ┦ᡭ࡟⮬ࡎ࡜⮬ศࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺஝ᩄ㑻࣭ᒣୗ༤ᚿ࣭ྜྷ⏣༓㔛(ヂ). ⬻ࡢᏛ⩦ຊ㸸Ꮚඹྠ ࡢ ሙࡢ ຊ ື࡜ ࡋ࡚ ⌧ ࢀࡿ ࡶ ࡢ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ࠿ ࡽ࡛ ࠶⫱࡚࡜ᩍ⫱ࡢ࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢫ ᒾἼ⌧௦ᩥᗜ㸦2012㸧.

ࡿ 㸦὾⏣, 2002㸧ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼࡟ࠊᗂඣᮇࡢ㛵ಀⓎ㐩ᒾἼ᭩ᗑ.

ᨭ᥼ࡣࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡀᴦࡋࡉࢆឤࡌࡽࢀࡿάືࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊูᗓ ဴ (2003). ⮬㛢⑕ඣࡣ௚⪅ࡢᚰࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺᝟ືⓗ஺ὶࢆᅗࡾࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡀࠕࡸࡗ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠖ࡜ࡍ࡟⌮ゎࡍࡿࡢ࠿. ≉Ṧᩍ⫱Ꮫ✲,41(2),279-283.

ࡿẼᣢࡕࢆᘬࡁฟࡋ㸦ụῧ, 2019㸧ࠊ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ᶍೌูᗓ ဴ (2013). ⮬㛢⑕ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ࣒ࣛඣ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡸࡘ ࡶ ࡾ⾜ Ⅽ ࡀྍ ⬟࡟ ࡞ ࡿࡼ ࠺ ࡟㛵 ࢃ ࡿࡇ ࡜ࡀ ኱♫఍ᛶࡢ㞀ᐖ࡜Ⓨ㐩. ஙᗂඣ་Ꮫᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲,ษ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

22(2), 79㸫90.

ᮏ◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ㐟ࡧࡸ⋵ලࢆ௓ࡋࡓูᗓ ဴ (2016). ⮬㛢ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ࣒ࣛ⑕࡜ 1 ṓ༙ࡢ⠇.

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ࡢ⾜Ⅽࡸ཯ᛂࢆཧ↷ࡋྜ࠸ࠊᑟ࠿ࢀ࡞ࡀࡽᏛࡪࡇูᗓ ဴ (2018). ᝟ື㸫ࣘࢽ࣮ࢡ࡞ࢫࢱ࢖ࣝ㸸⮬ື࡜ࠊ࡞ࡽࡧ࡟ࠊ⮬㛢⑕ඣ࡜୍⥴࡟ᴦࡋࡵࡿάືࢆⓗ ฎ ⌮ ࡜ ព ㆑ ⓗ ฎ ⌮ . ᪥ ᮏ Ⓨ 㐩 ᚰ ⌮ Ꮫ ఍ (⦅ ). ⸨௓ࡋ࡚㛵ࢃࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࠕࡸࡗ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠖ࡜࠸࠺Ẽᣢ㔝༤࣭ᮾᲄྜྷ㑥(㈐௵⦅㞟). Ⓨ㐩⛉Ꮫࣁࣥࢻࣈࢵࢡࡕࡀ⫱ࡲࢀࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ᶍೌࡸࡩࡾ࡞࡝ࡀ⾲֢ ⮬㛢ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ࣒ࣛࡢⓎ㐩⛉Ꮫ,47-57

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