Summary of Research Center ProjectCenter name:International Center for Quantum-field Measurement Systems for Studies of the Universe andParticles (QUP)
Host institution: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
Head of host institution: Masanori Yamauchi, Director General
Prospective Center director:
Masashi Hazumi, Professor, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), KEK
Prospective Administrative director:
Katsuo Tokushuku, Professor, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), KEK(1) Overall Framework of the Center Project
Physics aims at an essential and unified understanding of the laws behind various physical phenomena
ranging from particles to the universe. In physics, new research methods or means to establish theunification theory are highly evaluated, as clearly seen from the past research for which Nobel Prizes havebeen awarded. This center will return to the essence of physics and conduct interdisciplinary research on
methodology by making maximum use of the research infrastructure resources of KEK, which is aninternational center of accelerators. In modern physics, a "quantum field" is the spacetime in which
particles and quasiparticles are created and annihilated. The fundamental equations it obeys are being
explored both theoretically and experimentally. Physicists have been exploring the fundamental equations
governing quantum fields both theoretically and experimentally. "Quantum field measurement systems" inthe name of this center is a new concept that has two meanings: one is to measure the quantum field,
and the other is to measure "with" the quantum field (including various quasiparticles). This center focuseson quantum field measurement systems, which have been undergoing significant innovation in recent
years, and aims to bring about innovative development through interdisciplinary research of particle
physics, astrophysics, condensed matter physics, measurement science, and systems science. This meansthat humanity will gain new "eyes," so to speak. It will lead to applications in various academic fields
beyond physics and their huge and high-level fusion. Furthermore, it will pave the way for implementationin the future society, as represented by smart cities. Based on the above, we describe this center's basic
idea (slogan for the public), missions, identities, and goals.

KEK(Host Institution)-1

QUP(Center name)First of all, the basic idea (slogan for the public) of this center is to bring new "eyes" to humanity
and to look at the origin of this beautiful world (the true nature of time, space, and matter).
The missions of this center are as follows.
 Integrate particle physics, astrophysics, condensed matter physics, measurement science, andsystems science.
 Invent and develop new systems for measuring quantum fields (space-time with particles andquasiparticles created and annihilated, and associated physical quantities).
 Bring innovation to measurements in cosmological observations and particle experiments,and elucidate the true nature of space-time and matter.
 Establish a new measurement science, quantum field measurement systemology, as a science ofmeans through the above practices.
 Last but not least, we will create a new level of fusion of various research areas beyond
physics and new social values through application to other fields and social implementation.
The identities of this center are as follows.
I） The only center in the world that integrates the invention of new measurement principles forexperimental cosmology and particle physics, the development of systems to realize theseprinciples, and the execution of projects.
II） This center will conduct interdisciplinary research on "means" or "methodologies." It is at
the meta-level, leading to a new level of fusion of various research areas to produce
academic and social values.
III） Capability of characterizing measurement systems using the various quantum beams provided by
KEK's accelerator facilities.
IV） Leveraging our experience as a host of large-scale international collaborative
experiments in fundamental research fields to conduct international research collaborations at an
unparalleled level.
V） Leveraging our experience as an inter-university research institute, we will lead the world
and make significant contributions to the research and education of universities and research
institutions in Japan and abroad.
Based on the above mission and identity, the goals of this center are defined as follows.
1) To invent new principles and measurement systems to search for theoretically predicted novel
quantum fields.
2) To lead the world in the grand challenges of cosmology and particle physics by developing andimplementing new quantum field measurement systems in international projects such as the
LiteBIRD satellite project and collider experiments.
3) To propose and promote new projects based on new quantum field measurement systems.
4) To develop new methods of data analysis, which correspond to the "brain" of the measurement system,
and apply them to cosmology and particle physics.
5) To establish a new measurement science, quantum field measurement systemology, as a "science ofmeans" through the above practices.
6) To employ researchers whose primary goal is to give back to society, realize social implementation(smart cities, automatic driving, medical care, etc.), and at the same time, actively develop
applications in other academic fields.

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QUP(Center name)7)

To cultivate the next generation of human resources who are proficient in systems science and havedeep expertise.

(2) World-Leading Scientific Excellence and Recognition
1) Research content
This center will perform the invention, development, and implementation of innovative quantum fieldmeasurement systems to achieve six of the seven goals described in “(1) Overall Framework of the Center
Project”, excluding human resource development. Major examples include a new measurement systemusing quasiparticles, a new semiconductor detector with more than two orders of magnitude betterradiation tolerance than the previous one, integration of new sensor development and integrated circuit
development, automation of analog integrated circuit development, and a superconducting detector arrayfor the LiteBIRD satellite. The PIs in charge of each research will prepare and proceed with clear goals
and project plans for the next 5 and 10 years. By introducing systems engineering methods into all
activities, we will accelerate the accumulation and sharing of know-how through practice and foster
systemology.
2) Interdisciplinary research
In this center, researchers in particle physics and astrophysics, condensed matter physics, quantum beamscience, measurement science, and systems science will come together to conduct interdisciplinary
research and bring about innovations in quantum field measurement systems. The new "eyes" created bythis 1st-level fusion of research fields will lead to a new level of fusion of various research areas beyond
physics, in addition to breakthroughs in particle physics and cosmology. Relevant research areas include
chemistry, biology, medicine, archeology, and even neuro-aesthetics. This 2nd-level fusion will bringentirely new academic and social values. Concerning initiatives toward social implementation, in particular,
we will promote interdisciplinary research that transcends the boundaries of industry and academia, withthe cooperation of the Toyota Group.
3) Research outcomes
A variety of research results are expected from this center, and three expected outcomes are shown
below：(a) Discovery of primordial gravitational waves from cosmic inflation(b) Discovery of a new quantum field (such as the Axion)(c) Invention of a non-contact shaft-bearing system with Casimir force with “zero friction,” which
drastically changes mechanically-movable structures’ designs
These missions are much broader than those of LiteBIRD and cover areas not addressed at KEK,
including non-accelerator particle physics experiments, cosmology, and activities for social implementation.
But the unexpected discovery is what we hope for. In the words of Professor Peter Goddard, former
Princeton Institute for Advanced Study, “If you know what you’re going to do and how you’re going to
do it and when you’re going to do it by, it is not going to be truly original research. We are finding out
things we couldn’t imagine.”(3) Global Research Environment and System Reform
1) International research environment
The PIs at this center are international and diverse, with more than 20% foreign nationals and about
40% women. Through international recruitment, the fraction of foreign researchers at the center will be
above 30%. The official language of this center shall be English. KEK hosts large-scale international
collaborations and accepts many collaborators from Japan and abroad. We will further develop this knowhow to create an environment where researchers can devote themselves to their research by providing

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QUP(Center name)support and convenience for their research and life.
2) Center management and system reform
Under the leadership of the Center Director, core members will hold Center Steering Committee meetings
to understand the director's goals and policies and discuss critical operational matters such as personnel
and budget. The Systemology Support Section provides PI projects with systems science support. We will
open three satellites, including one in the US, to carry out efficient R&D and establish robust collaborationeven under COVID-19 restrictions. KEK, as the host institution, will clarify its commitment to KEK's midterm plans.
(4) Values for the Future1) Generating and disseminating the societal value of basic research
Research that explores space, time, and subatomic particles awakens in public a sense of wonder thattranscends science. Intellectual values newly created at this center will bring confidence and pride to thepeople of Japan. It will also contribute significantly to the country's continued existence as a first-classcountry, distinguished by other countries. In collaboration with ISAS/JAXA, Kavli IPMU, AIST, and others,
this center will widely share such intellectual value with the public via the web, lectures, open houses, andSNS, by allocating dedicated human resources such as URA for outreach.
2) Fostering next-generation human resources linked with higher education
The educational goal of this center is to develop the next generation of talents who are proficient insystems science and have deep expertise in specific fields. We will hold annual quantum field measurement
systemology training and practice courses utilizing KEK's infrastructure for graduate students in elementary
particles, cosmology, measurement science, and related fields. By learning about sensors, ASICs,
computers, data analysis, and the systemology that integrates them at this center, young researchers will
become scientists who can play an active role in academic posts and a wide range of industries. The center
will provide training and career development support at each stage, from graduate student to post-doctoral
fellow to tenure-track/tenured faculty.
3) Self-sufficient and sustainable center development
KEK will position this center as a unique organization that contributes to forming world-class activities
and an independent research organization distinguished from other research organizations within KEK.
To make the center permanent, KEK will assist the center in establishing its financial base. Along with
this, some of the senior researchers and technical staff hired by WPI will be tenured after the sixth year,
and upgrade of the facilities will be promoted.

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QUP(Center name)Research Center Project* Compile in English within 25 A4 pages.

Center name:International Center for Quantum-field Measurement Systems for Studies of the Universe andParticles (QUP)
Host institution: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
Head of host institution: Masanori Yamauchi, Director General
Prospective Center director:
Masashi Hazumi, Professor, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), KEK
Prospective Administrative director:
Katsuo Tokushuku, Professor, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), KEK
1) Overall Framework of the Center Project* Cleary and concisely describe your center’s mission statement as a WPI center, its identity, and its goals toward achieving the objectivesof the WPI program.

First of all, the basic idea (slogan for the public) of this center is to bring new "eyes" to humanity
and to look at the origin of this beautiful world (the true nature of time, space, and matter).
The missions of this center are as follows.


Integrate particle physics, astrophysics, condensed matter physics, measurement science, andsystems science.

Invent and develop new systems for measuring quantum fields (space-time with particles andquasiparticles created and annihilated, and associated physical quantities).

KEK(Host Institution)-1

QUP(Center name)

Bring innovation to measurements in cosmological observations and particle experiments,and elucidate the true nature of space-time and matter.

Establish a new measurement science, quantum field measurement systemology, as a science ofmeans through the above practices.



Last but not least, we will create a new level of fusion of various research areas beyond
physics and new social values through application to other fields and social implementation.

The identities of this center are as follows.
I）

The only center in the world that integrates the invention of new measurement principles forexperimental cosmology and particle physics, the development of systems to realize theseprinciples, and the execution of projects.
II） This center will conduct interdisciplinary research on "means" or "methodologies." It is at
the meta-level, leading to a new level of fusion of various research areas to produce
academic and social values.
III） Capability of characterizing measurement systems using the various quantum beams provided by
KEK's accelerator facilities.
IV） Leveraging our experience as a host of large-scale international collaborative
experiments in fundamental research fields to conduct international research collaborations at an
unparalleled level.
V） Leveraging our experience as an inter-university research institute, we will lead the world
and make significant contributions to the research and education of universities and research
institutions in Japan and abroad.
Based on the above mission and identity, the goals of this center are defined as follows.
1)

To invent new principles and measurement systems to search for theoretically predicted novel
quantum fields.

2)

To lead the world in the grand challenges of cosmology and particle physics by developing andimplementing new quantum field measurement systems in international projects such as the
LiteBIRD satellite project and collider experiments.

3)

To propose and promote new projects based on new quantum field measurement systems.

4)

To develop new methods of data analysis, which correspond to the "brain" of the measurement system,
and apply them to cosmology and particle physics.

5)

To establish a new measurement science, quantum field measurement systemology, as a "science ofmeans" through the above practices.

6)

To employ researchers whose primary goal is to give back to society, realize social implementation(smart cities, automatic driving, medical care, etc.), and at the same time, actively develop
applications in other academic fields.

7)

To cultivate the next generation of human resources who are proficient in systems science and havedeep expertise.

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QUP(Center name)2) World-Leading Scientific Excellence and Recognition2) -1 Research fields* Write in your target research field(s)* Describe the importance of the target research field(s), including the domestic and international R&D trends in that research domain
and neighboring field(s), and describe the scientific and/or social significance of the field(s).
* Describe the value of carrying out research in the field(s) as a WPI center (e.g., Japan’s advantages in the subject fields, the project’s
international appeal as an initiative that challenges world-level science issues, and the future prospects of the research)* List up to 5 centers either in Japan or overseas that are advancing research in fields similar to the center’s field(s), and evaluate
research levels between your center and those centers.
* Appendix 4: “Up to 10 English-written papers (review papers are also acceptable) closely related to the center’s project and their list”(to be attached)2) -1 -1 The target research field
The main target research field is mathematical and physical sciences, in particular particle physics
and cosmology. However, the new quantum field measurement systems invented and developed at
this center will lead to a new level of fusion of various research areas beyond physics. Relevant
research areas include chemistry, biology, medicine, archeology, and even neuro-aesthetics.
2) -1 -2 The importance of the target research field, and the value of carrying out
research in the field(s) as a WPI center
For the past half-century, particle physics, a field that originated in quantum mechanics, has been
conducting fundamental research on quantum fields, which can be described only by field
quantization beyond particle quantization. It is no exaggeration to say that the core of experimental
approaches to solving the great mysteries of the universe, subatomic particles, and life can be traced
chiefly back to the measurement of quantum fields. For example, at the B-factory experiment at KEK,
the phenomenon of the bottom quark decaying into several other particles, such as charm quarks
and electrons, was closely examined. Precise agreements with quantum field theory were found,which led to the Nobel Prize to Professors Kobayashi and Maskawa. The results of particle physics
research based on quantum fields have resulted in many Nobel Prizes in Physics. The measurement
technology cultivated there is a crucial technology for clarifying everything from the head to the tailof the Ouroboros serpent [see the figure in section 1) The overall picture of base formation], which
represents the entirety of the natural world, from the universe to elementary particles, which are theroot of the matter. For example, theoretical proposals that attempt to approach the grand challengesof science, such as the origin of our universe and the fundamental picture of the matter, consistently
predict the existence of unknown elementary particles.
Thus, KEK is a world-class center for accelerator science. In connection with this, it occupies a
globally dominant position as a place for the rapid development of measurement technology.
However, the actual state of KEK's measurement technology is the fruit of individual researchers'
heroic and artisanal efforts and cannot be said to be systematized. In this sense, KEK is not yet acenter for measurement science. That is an obstacle that prevents further progress. To sublimate
these explorations into a new phase, we are at a loss with the measurement technologies we have athand, and we are in dire need of ideas for new measurement systems. Just as human activities
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QUP(Center name)realize through the excellent coordination of organs such as the eyes, hands, and brain, the quantum
field measurement system consists of sensors corresponding to the eyes, operating mechanisms
corresponding to the hands, and computers corresponding to the brain. Suppose individual
development research is integrated and reexamined from first principles under the most advanced
systemology (systems science). In that case, it will be possible to invent entirely new devices anddiscover completely new physics. It will be an attempt to reconstruct experimental science from theperspective of "measurements." That will enable us to identify overlooked measurement possibilities
and optimal solutions for measurement methods. As an example of interdisciplinary research ofparticle physics and condensed matter physics, we may discover that we can perform a bettermeasurement using phonons for an object previously measured using electrons.
Thus, to achieve the goal of revolutionizing the exploration of the universe and elementary
particles, this proposal creates a new field of quantum field measurement systemology as
a "science of means." It will give rise to the next generation of basic quantum technology, which
will be the foundation for solving mysteries in many fields, including the universe, subatomic
particles, condensed matter, and life. Furthermore, in innovation, where people often lose their ways,
it will serve as a reliable lighthouse to illuminate the way ahead and naturally lead to broader
applications and returns to society beyond the application to basic science.
2) -1 -3 Comparison with other centers around the world
In KEK, there are about ten faculty members and ten technical staff members in the support groupfor collaborative research related to measuring instruments and low temperatures. Still, as mentioned
above, KEK has not become a world center for measurement science. On the other hand, some of theworld's leading accelerator centers for particle and nuclear research are also centers for measurement
science. CERN's Middle Term Plan calls for large-scale development under the title of "R&D for future
detectors" at the cost of 42.7 FTEs, or 48 MCHF (about $60 million US) over five years (including laborcosts). It has established itself as a hub for universities and research institutes in Europe and beyond.
DESY in Germany, FNAL, and BNL in the U.S. are conducting extensive research in collider physics,
astrophysics, and science using synchrotron radiation, similar to KEK. Each institution is actively
developing its measuring instruments. Their future plans also indicate the importance of thisdevelopment. They have established a test beam facility to provide beams to users worldwide, which
is similar to what we are aiming for with this proposal. However, there is no example of anorganization that integrates quantum field measurement and systems based on systemology, as in this
proposal. With this proposal, we aim to create a major center that rivals these laboratories in terms ofscale and will produce unique research. This scale will also allow for closer collaboration with othercenters.
2) -2 Research objectives and plans* Describe in a clear and easy-to-understand manner by the general public the research objectives that your project seeks to achieveby the end of its grant period (in 10 years). In that process, what world-level scientific and/or technological issues are you seeking tosolve? What will be the expected impact of the scientific advances you aim to achieve on society in the future?
* Describe concretely your research plan to achieve these objectives and any past achievements related to your application.

The Standard Model of particle physics cannot solve four significant mysteries: The accelerated
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QUP(Center name)expansion in the very early universe named inflation; The dark matter; The dark energy; The fact thatthe universe has no antiparticles and appears to consist of only particles. To solve these mysteries,
theorists have predicted the existence of novel quantum fields such as inflaton, axion, andsupersymmetric particles. If we discover even one such novel quantum field, it will lead to theNobel Prize in Physics. This is a driving force of the center and the above research goals are set tothis end. We perform the invention, development, and implementation of innovative quantum fieldmeasurement systems to achieve the above goals. Major examples include a new measurement systemusing quasiparticles, a new semiconductor detector with more than two orders of magnitude betterradiation tolerance than the previous one, integration of new sensor development and integrated circuit
development, automation of analog integrated circuit development, and a superconducting detector
array for the LiteBIRD satellite. The PIs in charge of each research will prepare and proceed with clear
goals and project plans for the next 5 and 10 years. It is in general hard to set an accurate andquantitative goals in 10 years from now. Considering the fact that a new invention from the center could
be a game changer, it is nearly impossible to do it in our case. However, for example, the LiteBIRD
satellite will likely to be launched before the end of the WPI grant period, and could make a big discovery.
Also, 10 years is a reasonable amount of time from designing a new experiment to produce new results,
which will give us more chances of big discoveries.
Of the seven goals mentioned in (1), six of them, except for human resource development, aredescribed in more detail in the following (human resource development is described in 4-2).
2) -2 -1 Invention of new principles and measurement systems to search for theoretically
predicted novel quantum fields
Invention of new measurement methods based on quantum field theory and advanced
particle physics
The identity of dark matter, one of the greatest mysteries in physics, has not even been discovered
yet, and innovative ideas that do not adhere to conventional search methods are needed. The
situation is similar for novel quantum fields such as inflaton, axion, and supersymmetric particles. To
overcome the current problem, we need to interact and integrate with other research areas actively.
Until now, the linkage between condensed matter physics and particle physics has been overlooked.
However, there are various quantum fields of quasiparticles in various physical systems, and thesefields should coexist with the quantum fields of elementary particles in matter. The active use ofquantum field properties in condensed matter systems, such as phonons, magnons, and axions insolids, can open up new horizons in the search for new particles. It is also possible to propose an
ideal material design from the viewpoint of particle physics, use it as a completely new detector, orapply theoretical methods for elementary particles to understand condensed matter systems. Thiscenter will promote collaboration between condensed matter physicists and particle physicists andcontribute to creating a new academic field. We will carry out this research in the spirit of exploring
all cases without exception, using the systems science methods of experimentalists.

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QUP(Center name)Development of new sensors and integrated circuits
Semiconductor detectors are one of the core measurement devices in particle physics. In thiscenter, we will develop a new type of semiconductor detector with a radiation tolerance improved bymore than two orders of magnitude compared to conventional sensors. It will enable particle physics
experiments in harsher radiation environments. It will also lead to applications such as beamdiagnostics for accelerators, which could not be carried out due to too high radiation levels, and thedevelopment of cameras that can withstand use in nuclear reactors. We have two directions indeveloping rad-hard technology for semiconductor devices. The first direction is to introduce new
semiconductors such as CIGS to replace silicon. The CIGS sensors have been developed initially forsolar cell applications. The SIGS can recover from radiation damage with compensation of the defects
created by ions. It will be the first attempt to make a particle detector with CIGS focusing on therecovery features. We also plan to research the wide-gap semiconductor materials, such as diamond,
GaN, AlN, to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of radiation damage.
The second direction is the development of the rad-hard readout chip. The RD53 Collaboration wasestablished in 2013 to develop the next generation of pixel readout chips for the High Luminosity LHC
detector upgrades. This work is nearing completion now. However, a new mandate is being
articulated, which is to embark on a new technology development cycle leading to a further
generation of pixel readout chips in a more advanced CMOS technology node of 28nm. CERN is
pursuing this node as the next IC technology for leading-edge particle physics projects. We propose
for this center to join RD53 as a new member institute. PI Garcia-Sciveres is the current cospokesperson and co-founder of RD53, and PI Bortoletto is the lead of the most recent member
institute of RD53 (Oxford). WPI will be the first Japanese member institute of RD53. This new
generation chip can also be used for the newly developing semiconductor sensor.
In cosmological observations, superconducting detectors have become a central measurement
device due to the stringent observation performance requirements. This center will develop a newsuperconducting transition-edge sensor array with a unique design and cryogenic readout circuit tosuppress the high level of cosmic ray-derived noise for use in space. Three PIs, Adrian Lee, Masashi
Hazumi, and Masaya Hasegawa, will develop and evaluate the TES focal plane system for the
LiteBIRD satellite project. One of the main obstacles at LiteBIRD is primary cosmic rays, which injectnoise into the system. To mitigate the effect, we need to invent a unique design in which phonons,
the quantum field of thermal vibrations created on the silicon substrate by cosmic rays, are efficiently
blocked from the TES bolometers. Our team is leading the world in this particular application. Since
this R&D is essentially "phonon engineering," it has a wide range of potential applications to otherfields. We will also develop a new type of superconducting detector for X-ray observation and dark
matter search. In addition to the above, we will invent new kinds of gaseous detectors with new
readout, optical sensors, and scintillators with the cooperation of domestic and foreign researchers.
One of the unrivaled features of this center is that it has access to a wide range of beam test facilities
using KEK's various quantum beams. It will dramatically increase the efficiency and speed of thedetector development described above.
Improving the performance of sensors requires improving the performance of integrated circuits
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QUP(Center name)that process vast amounts of signals. We will invent a world-leading measurement system byintegrating the development of new sensors and integrated circuits through a systems science
approach. The RD53 mentioned above is an example. Another example, based on the concept ofsystemology, is the development of novel methods to create analog circuit designs and layouts for
ASICs automatically based on requirements from experimenters. The bottleneck of ASIC development
at the moment is the person-power of skilled ASIC designers. The automatic designer tool wedevelop will solve the problem and boost the design capabilities.
2) -2 -2 Development and implementation of a new quantum field measurement system
in international projects such as the LiteBIRD satellite project and collider experiments,
leading the world in the grand challenge of space and particle research.
We will develop a superconducting transition-edge
sensor array system for the LiteBIRD satellite proposed by
the director of this center and selected as JAXA's strategic
L-class mission #2. LiteBIRD is a mission to explore theuniverse before the hot Big Bang. Because of its scientificexcellence, it has been selected as a priority large
research project in the Master Plan 2020 of the Science
Council of Japan. It is also a project listed on the
Roadmap 2020 of the Ministry of Education, Culture,
Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT.) In particular,
LiteBIRD can test the inflation hypothesis, which statesthat a new quantum field called an inflaton caused the accelerated expansion of the universe. It is a
project that tackles head-on the grand challenges concerning the universe, space-time, andelementary particles. This center will promote LiteBIRD as the flagship project. In addition, we will
implement new quantum field measurement systems in international projects, including those atparticle colliders.
2) -2 -3 Proposal and promotion of a new project based on a new quantum fieldmeasurement system
Based on the invention described in 2-2-1, we will launch an international project to search for a
new quantum field. Since we do not know the optimal solution, systematic research starting from
idea generation is necessary. Candidates include the axion search using magnons and the dark
matter search using phonons. We will use the full power of this center to compare the merits anddemerits of various ideas using a systems science approach. We will select projects with the best
chance of success. We will promote this activity by a "good mix" of bottom-up, free-thinking by
scientists, and top-down, system science.
2) -2 -4 Development of a new method of data analysis corresponding to the "brain" ofthe measurement system, and its application to cosmology and particle physics

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QUP(Center name)Just as human activities realize through the coordination of organs such as the eyes, hands, andbrain, the quantum field measurement system consists of sensors corresponding to the eyes, various
operating mechanisms corresponding to the hands, and computers and software corresponding to
the brain. The center will promote the analysis of data corresponding to the "brain" in the search for
new quantum fields by making full use of a variety of data from cosmological observations to particle
physics experiments. We will introduce new computational and informational methods that go beyond
known methods in both new and existing experiments. We will implement them using the resourcesof the KEK Computational Research Center.
2) -2 -5 Establishing a new measurement science, quantum field measurement
systemology, as a science of means through the above practices
We will actively implement systems modeling languages and practice systems engineering methods
in all our projects. The lessons learned will be fed back, and systemology (systems science) will be
developed. The engineers of the Systemology Support Section will support this process and will also
promote basic systemology research. The following figure shows the basic concept of systemology
pursued at this center.

2) -2 -6 Employ researchers whose primary goal is to give back to society realize social
implementation (smart cities, automated driving, medical care, etc.). At the same time,
we will actively develop applications in other academic fields.
We pursue the application of semiconductor detectors to social infrastructure (smart cities),
automobiles, and medicine. We will also develop academic applications of semiconductor detectors
and superconducting detectors in fields other than cosmology and particle physics. Specific examples
include: high-precision position detectors for structural biology; muon image detectors for muon
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QUP(Center name)microscopy; high-sensitivity magnetic field measurement for brain measurement. We will also actively
explore completely new developments in an invention-oriented way.
Our challenges include the realization of a non-contact shaft-bearing system, which will bring adrastic change in designs of various important building blocks having rotational structures, such as
motors. There are two key technologies, i.e., (i) control of Casimir force and thermal emission, and(ii) quantum sensing having extremely high sensitivity. Casimir force arises from quantum andthermal fluctuations, and has been measured in a typical system consisting of two bodies with thegap distance less than a few microns. While all of previous measurements on Casimir forces havebeen conducted in equilibrium, Casimir force in non-equilibrium, where the bodies and theenvironment have different temperatures, is expected to significantly extend the degree of thecontrol range since thermal emission occurs as an additional channel. We recently developed atheoretical framework for the control of non-equilibrium Casimir force, where thermal emission
occurs, in a two-body system as shown in the figure below.

Fig.(a) Control of non-equilibrium Casimir force in a two-body system, where thermal emission occurs.
(b) Non-contact shaft-bearing system enabled by manipulating Casimir force and thermal emission.
The top plate can stay at a distance away from the bottom plate indefinitely, by detecting thetemperature of the top plate and adjusting the temperature of the bottom plate, through the use of acontrol theory. In the system, the sensor needs high accuracy with a few tens mK for thetemperature measurement, which is achievable by a quantum sensor. While a class of nitrogenvacancy center in diamond has been mainly investigated for quantum sensors, we will develop siliconcarbide based quantum sensors since silicon carbide technology has been well established in Toyotagroup companies, e.g., silicon carbide-based power devices have been installed in Toyota vehicles. In
five years, we will measure non-equilibrium Casimir force in a typical two-body system for the firsttime in the world. In ten years, we will experimentally demonstrate a non-contact shaft-bearing
system (Fig. 1b). Quantum sensors detect temperatures Ts1,2 in a few spots on the shaft, and thecontroller may determine the temperature Tc1-8 of each piece of the bearings. Simultaneously, we
will find possible application scenarios in the space industry, the mobility industry, and future cities
such as Toyota Woven City, and show a few experimental demonstrations.

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QUP(Center name)2) -3 System for advancing the research* Describe the center’s research organization (including its research, support and administrative components) and your concept forbuilding and staffing the organization. Regarding the composition of the center’s personnel, describe measures to obtain diversity
such as gender balance.
* Describe your concrete plan for achieving the center’s final staffing goal, including steps and timetables.
* If the center will form linkage with other institutions, domestic and/or foreign, by establishing satellite functions, provide the name(s)of the partner institution(s), and describe their roles, personnel composition and structure, and the collaborative framework with thecenter project (e.g., contracts to be concluded, schemes for resource transfer).
* If the center will form linkage with other institutions, domestic and/or foreign, without establishing satellite functions, provide thenames of the partner institutions and describe their roles and linkages within the center project.
* Appendix 5: “List of Principal Investigators” (If there are changes from the PI list in the first screening application documents, describe
the points changed and reasons.) (to be attached)* Appendix 6: “Biographical sketch of principal investigator” (to be attached)* Appendix 7: “Composition of personnel in center” (to be attached)* Appendix 8: “Letters from researchers invited from abroad or other Japanese institutions expressing their intent to participate in thecenter project” (to be attached)

Prof. Hazumi, the prospective director of the center, has a world class record in both particle
physics and experimental cosmology. He has more than 40,000 citations and has given 22 invited talks
at international conferences in the last 5 years. He is also a member of the selection committee for theInternational Conference on Superconducting Detectors of the International Society for OpticalEngineering (SPIE). He is also taking a leadership role as the world PI of the LiteBIRD satellite project,which has about 300 researchers from 12 countries. It is no exaggeration to say that his time is 100%
used for the Center. Even when he is not physically present at the Center in KEK, his effort will be
engaged for activities as the world representative PI of LiteBIRD, the flagship project of the Center,
activities at three satellites, and promotion activities of the Center at international conferences andother research institutes around the world. Regarding his FTE management, in view of his role as theface of the center, and as the LiteBIRD project progresses in the future, necessary corrections will bemade promptly.
Prof. Hanagaki, the prospective deputy director of the center, has a deep knowledge ofsemiconductor detectors and is working on the world's largest international project (ATLAS
experiment.) He has also led the construction of a new test beamline at KEK, and serves as the headof the KEK Instrument Development Office. He is appointed as Deputy Director of IPNS in April 2021.
He will be the core of the close collaboration between this center and IPNS. Prof. Tokushuku, theprospective administrative director, has a wealth of experience as the former director of IPNS andpersonal connections cultivated through large-scale international projects (ZEUS, ATLAS). He makes
full use of this experience to manage the administrative department of the center.
In selecting PIs, we chose researchers who are consistent with the center's mission, identity, andgoals. Priority was given to the highest level of competence. Diversity was also taken into
consideration, and the ratio of female PIs is approximately 40%. Prof. Lee of the University ofCalifornia, Berkeley, is a pioneer of superconducting detectors for CMB observations. He has beencollaborating with Prof. Hazumi for more than ten years. Prof. Bortoletto, famous for her developmentof semiconductor detectors, is Head of the Particle Physics Department at University of Oxford and
Deputy Coordinator of the EU detector development project AIDA. She has more than 190,000
citations in academic papers and is the editor of the journal "Nuclear Instruments and Methods." Dr.
KEK(Host Institution)-10

QUP(Center name)Garcia-Sciverse is a Senior Research Scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He is worldrenowned for his work in instrument technology for particle physics experiments. He has served as
Deputy Director of the Berkeley Center for Particle Physics and Principal Investigator of CERN's RD53A
instrument development project, where he led the development of ASICs for silicon detectors. The
domestic PIs were selected based on a balance of world-class researchers and young researchers whoare just emerging. Prof. Yamazaki is a member of the Science Council of Japan. Prof. Nakahama(Fumiko Yonezawa Prize, Toshiko Yuasa Prize) and Dr. Hasegawa (Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental
Physics) are award-winning researchers. Prof. Miyahara is a distinguished researcher of the MEXT andan editorial board member of essential journals (editorial board member of the English journal of theInstitute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (IEICE), etc.). Moreover, one of thePIs, Dr. Iizuka of Toyota Central R&D Labs, is an enterprising researcher in engineering. He has madeachievements in low-noise communication technology, wireless power transfer technology, etc., in thechallenges of automated driving and smart cities, a collection of advanced technologies. We expectthat his group will contribute to novel sensing technologies and their applications at this research
center. The average age of the PIs is 47 years old, making them a strong group of researchers whoare in the prime of their careers and can lead the world.
We have already started discussing with these PI candidates about the organization of the center. As
for the support of external PIs, we can be flexible within the current KEK rules, from partial
employment at this center on a cross-appointment basis to reward payments based on effort.
Therefore, we can quickly start up research as soon as this proposal is approved. The recruitment ofresearchers and postdoctoral fellows will be phased in from the second half of the 1st fiscal year to the
2nd fiscal year so that the entire personnel will be in place by the end of the 2nd fiscal year.
The center will set up satellites at the Nanotech Lab of the University of California, Berkeley, and the
JAXA Institute of Space and Astronautical Science to fabricate superconducting sensors. In addition,
the center will place another satellite at the Toyota Central R&D Labs to vigorously promote efforts forsocial implementation. MOUs will be signed with these three research institutes as soon as possible
after the formation of the center. We will secure rooms for the satellites, make arrangements for theuse of resources (sensor fabrication equipment, etc.), and hire researchers and technical staff for thesatellites.
Six of the PI candidates belong to KEK (Yu Nakahama joined KEK as an associate professor on August1st). It is also planned to hire four senior researchers (100% effort) as soon as possible. It is envisionedthat these senior researchers will become new PIs as needed. These senior researchers will be 100%
KEK affiliated. In addition, 100% effort CO-PI may be allocated to each overseas PI, who will bestationed at the Center in KEK for smooth cooperation. The existing building will be repaired and usedas the main research building and experimental building of the Center. This experimental building is an
excellent large facility created for the TRISTAN collider experiment. Through the large-scale repairs,
researchers at the Center such as PIs, senior researchers, post-docs, and graduate students will attainthe concentration and engagement of research power under one roof of the "non-virtual research
center."KEK(Host Institution)-11

QUP(Center name)a) Principal investigators (full professors, associate professors, or other researchers of comparable
standing)* Paste onto table a) in Appendix 7.

(persons)
At beginning of projectAt end of FY 2021

Final goal
(Date: April, 2023)

Researchers from within thehost institution

5

5

5

Foreign researchers invitedfrom abroad

3

3

3

Researchers invited from otherJapanese institutions

5

5

5

Total principal investigators

13

13

13

KEK(Host Institution)-12

QUP(Center name)b) Total number of members* Paste onto table b) in Appendix 7.

Number of persons
Researchers

Final goal
(Date: April, 2023)

At end of FY2021

At beginning of project％

Number of persons

20

％

20

Number of persons％

67

Overseas
researchers

3

15.0

3

15.0

21

31.3

Femaleresearchers

6

30.0

6

30.0

15

22.4

Principal investigators

13

Overseas PIs

3

23.1

3

23.1

3

23.1

Female PIs

5

38.5

5

38.5

5

38.5

Other researchers

7

Overseas
researchers

0

0.0

0

0.0

18

33.3

Femaleresearchers

1

14.3

1

14.3

10

18.5

13

13

7

54

Research support staffs

3

3

20

Administrative staffs

26

26

25

Total number of people

49

49

112

KEK(Host Institution)-13

QUP(Center name)2) -4 Securing research funding
Past record* Give the total amount of research funding (e.g., competitive funding) secured by the principal investigators who will join the center
project. Itemize by fiscal year (FY2016-2020).

The following is a list of competitive research funds and other research expenses that PIs participatingin the Center have received in the past. (For Japanese researchers, indirect costs are included.

Over the past five years, domestic PIs alone have earned approximately 170 million yen/year(including indirect costs), and overseas PIs have earned approximately 690 million yen/year.
Funding prospects after the establishment of the center* Based on the past record, describe your concrete prospects for securing resources that match or exceed the WPI grant (FY20212025).
* Calculate the total amount of research funding (e.g., competitive funding) based on the amount of funding that the researchers will
allocate to the center project. Be sure that the funding prospects are realistically based on the past record.

The following describes our plan to secure funding. The total number of staff at the center(executive members, researchers, and technical and administrative staff for research support) is 112.
The allocation plan for this staffing and project promotion is shown below.

KEK(Host Institution)-14

QUP(Center name)

From the WPI program: 6,555.2 million yen① Personnel cost (corresponding to FTE for the center)

For the director, administrative director, PIs, Co-PIs (tenured researchers outside KEK),
postdocsPersonnel expenses for three postdocs hired in Japan (but outside KEK) will be transferred tothe appropriation from the host institution (i.e., external funds) every fiscal year after JFY R8(6th year).



Engineers and technicians to be recruited from domestic and overseas institutions.



Full-time staff at the QUP office and URAs of the QUP Strategy OfficeResearch Assistants (graduate students)② Project promotion costStart-up cost (excluding tenured researchers at KEK, 1,000 kyen/person, only for the 1st
year)



Expenses for international conferences



Expenses for travels

Expenses for equipment (infrastructure development for research, lease payments for copy
machines, etc.)

Expenses for operating satellites (Berkeley, JAXA, Toyota)



Expenses for outreach

Sum of the appropriation from the host institution and external funds (KAKENHI etc.):
7,067.62 million yen① Personnel cost (corresponding to FTE for the center)

For the deputy director, PIs and Co-PIs who are tenured at KEK

KEK's techniciansMembers of KEK Administration Bureau who support the center

Under the leadership of Director General, KEK plans to sequentially allocate tenure positions
in a timely manner for senior researchers and engineers and share labor costs.

② Project promotion cost

Amount equal to the space charge for residential and laboratory buildings

Amount equal to fees for the use of facilities
Research funds (expecting 300 million yen/year)
As mentioned above, the domestic PIs of the center alone have received an average ofapproximately 170 million yen annually. Overseas PIs have received more. If we scale theamount with expected FTEs, we expect 140 million yen/year approximately. Thus 310 million
yen/year is expected from PIs alone. Since we also expect contributions from the LiteBIRDrelated budget and external funds obtained by other domestic researchers (senior members
and postdocs), we are confident that we will achieve 300 million yen/year.
③ Director's discretionary budget (50 million yen/year)Responding to the gradual decline in subsidies after the sixth year
After the sixth year, we will constantly review the priority areas of the Center's activities according

to the scale of the gradual decrease in subsidies. We will further revitalize the Center's activities by
employing postdoctoral researchers in areas where we can actively obtain external funding.

KEK(Host Institution)-15

QUP(Center name)2) -5 Interdisciplinary research* Describe the fused research domains, why interdisciplinary research is necessary and important in the target field(s), and what new
field(s) can be expected to be created by way of this project. Describe your concrete strategy for fusing different research domains
and creating new field(s) by the fusion.

In this center, researchers in particle physics, astrophysics, condensed matter physics, quantum beamscience, measurement science, and systems science will come together to KEK, where outstanding
research is advanced, and conduct interdisciplinary research and bring about innovations in quantum
field measurement systems. One of our main goals is to solve the great mysteries of the universe,
space-time, and elementary particles. Since there is no example in the world where interdisciplinary
research on such a scale is carried out in an integrated manner, from invention to development toproject implementation, the Center will become a world-leading center and further accelerate theinterdisciplinary research. In our interdisciplinary research, mathematical and information science willplay an essential role as the foundation and common language to support all activities.
Through interdisciplinary research at this center, KEK will be able to open up new research areas for
KEK, which goes beyond its previous duties. For example, since this center will provide KEK with a solid
foundation for research activities in astroparticle physics, it is expected that the scale of efforts so far
will be greatly expanded. There are many research groups around KEK who are interested in various
QUP activities. Collaboration with such groups is also beneficial, and the results of QUP can greatly
support KEK’s research as a whole. The research of this center, which creates a new eye called thequantum field measurement system, will be incorporated into the host organization, KEK, in this way
as well.
This center will conduct interdisciplinary research on "means" or "methodologies." It is at the metalevel, leading to a new level of fusion of various research areas to produce not only academic but alsosocial values. The new "eyes" will lead to applications in other fields, new social implementation, andsocial contribution. The figure below shows our basic idea. The existing WPI centers promote a fusionof researchers from various research areas who share the "goal" of solving academic mysteries. The
research style of this center differs in that it brings together researchers from different fields in searchof "new means." That will lead to breakthroughs in the studies of the universe, space-time, andelementary particles, but the "new means" will also generate application fields and social contributions
beyond these goals.

KEK(Host Institution)-16

QUP(Center name)

The "extraordinary requirements" of particle and space projects lead to unique and disruptive
innovations because they are not born from the needs of society. As for the concept of the futuresociety, such as smart cities, smart factories, and automated driving, AI will utilize informationcollected from everywhere, social infrastructure, vehicle systems, and the people who use them. To
innovate toward such a new society, ultra-sensitive sensor systems embedded in all kinds of things,
which can measure at the quantum level, will be indispensable as the foundation of social
infrastructure. If we take the relationship between space observation and automated driving/smart
cities as an example, we see exciting similarities in the means. In automated driving, the frequency of
millimeter-wave radar (79 GHz) needs to be further increased. On the other hand, LiteBIRD observesin higher frequency bands (up to 448 GHz), which opens up a possibility of technology transfer fromspace observation to automatic driving. On the other hand, LiteBIRD needs to suppress theinterference of radio waves communicating with the ground to the superconducting sensor for
observation. It is essentially the same problem as the interference of many radio-wave sources in thesmart city concept. Thus, it creates a research topic of transfer from social implementation technology
to space observation. In this way, the fusion of different fields can produce entirely new developments.
In addition to activating the global collaboration of manufacturing laboratories by the three satellites(Berkeley, Institute of Space and Astronautical Sciences at JAXA, and Toyota Central R&D Labs), we
will try to create partnerships with other WPI centers. One example is the collaboration with the Kavli
Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU) at the University of Tokyo,
which studies the universe with mathematics and theoretical physics. Our attempt will be an evolutionof the WPI centers as a group. Our center, which will lead the world in experimental science, and the
Kavli IPMU, which leads the world in theory and mathematics, will be the two wheels of experimentand theory. We will also contribute to other WPI centers by providing the means of measurement
KEK(Host Institution)-17

QUP(Center name)systems, which will significantly contribute to the global presence of the WPI alliance.

KEK(Host Institution)-18

QUP(Center name)3) Global Research Environment and System Reform3) -1 System for advancing international research* Describe your concrete plan for building an international research center including the makeup of its foreign researchers,
establishment of oversea satellites, or similar functions. Include a time schedule for the plan.
* Describe concretely your strategy for staffing foreign researchers (e.g., postdoc positions) through open international solicitations.
Describe the procedures you will use to do so.
* Describe measures to help foreign researchers sustain and strengthen their activities under conditions when international exchange islimited.

The number of foreign PIs in the center is 3 out of 13 (23%), which meets the criteria. In addition, PIs
of Japanese nationality are also actively engaged in international collaborative research. Therefore, withthese core members, we can form an international center without problems. The center plans to set up
a satellite in Berkeley in the first year.
Recruitment of KEK researchers is already underway internationally. From the beginning, this center will
also conduct an internationally open recruitment process and actively recruit excellent foreign researchers.
The PIs of this center are all active internationally. Taking the LiteBIRD satellite project promoted by the
Director as an example, about 70% of the 300 members belong to foreign countries. We expect thatmany excellent researchers will come from abroad to make full use of these connections. It will naturally
lead to a structure in which more than 30% of the researchers at this center are foreign nationals.
The center director and each PI will discuss the recruitment timing of the researchers. There is apossibility that we need to delay the recruitment due to the impact of COVID-19. On the other hand, it
is essential to employ excellent researchers promptly in the worldwide competition. Therefore, we mayhire researchers without coming to the center when hiring if they can start working remotely. This
arrangement is possible since there is already such a case at KEK.
3) -2 Establishment of international research environment* Describe your concrete strategy for establishing an international research environment, administration system, and support system(e.g., appointment of staff and provision of startup funding) to accommodate researchers from overseas.
* Concretely describe how the center will provide an environment in which researchers can work comfortably on their research by
being exempted from duties other than research and related educational activities, and how they will be provided adequate staff
support to handle paperwork and other administrative functions. Include your procedure and time schedule.
* Describe your strategy, procedure and timing for periodically holding international research conferences or symposiums (as a rule,at least once a year).

The center will perform its duties in English and will hire and assign administrative staff who can handle
this. In the first and second years of this center, start-up research funds will be provided to PIs toconcentrate on their research. Administrative staff and URA in the QUP Office will take charge of Logisticaltasks so that PIs can concentrate on their research. In principle, KEK duties other than research andeducation are not assigned to WPI researchers. In the first and second fiscal years of the center's
accounting, the center will provide PIs start-up research funds to start their research as early as possible.
KEK hosts large-scale international collaborations such as Belle II and T2K and accepts manycollaborators from Japan and abroad. Of the more than 8,000 visitors each year, about 2,000 are overseas.
KEK(Host Institution)-19

QUP(Center name)Therefore, we have one of the best foundations for an English environment in Japan. Compared tooverseas research institutions, however, there are still areas for improvement. The QUP office will expand
its support for overseas researchers. In addition, we will aim for synergistic enhancements by working
closely with the International Office and the Joint Usage Support Office of KEK, which is in charge ofuser support, to provide support and convenience to researchers in their research and daily lives.
The center will hold international research conferences on a regular basis. Since it is difficult to organize
a face-to-face conference in the fiscal year 2021 under the COVID-19 situation, we will hold a Kick-off
symposium online to hear PIs' plans, discuss joint research among PIs and hot and emerging ideas in
the fields. After that, we will hold the symposium every year, synchronizing with the external advisorycommittee meeting for the annual evaluation. Each time, we will set a theme that focuses intensely onseveral PIs research topics. We plan a combination of that theme and an overview of the research field.
3) -3 Center management and system reform* Describe the role of the center director and the administrative director.
* Concretely describe your concept for establishing an administrative organization, the center’s decision-making system and how
authority is allocated between the center director and the host institution. (Describe concretely the mechanism for decision making
when the person in charge of management and the person in charge of research and education are different, and describe theresponsibility relationship between the two.)* Concretely describe how the center will adopt a rigorous system for evaluating research and will introduce a system for merit-based
compensation (e.g., annual salary scheme). Describe your procedures and timing for operationalizing these systems.

3) -3 -1. Decision-making mechanism
The organizational chart of this Center is shown above. The KEK Director General is responsible
for creating the necessary environment for the Director of the Center to demonstrate leadership andcoordinate the involvement of KEK researchers and administrative staff in the Center. The
KEK(Host Institution)-20

QUP(Center name)Director of the Center makes the final decisions on important matters such as personnel, budget,and research goals and policies. The Deputy Director is in charge of the systemology support
section and is responsible for ensuring that systemology methods are implemented and take root inall projects under the goals and policies set by the Director. In addition, through the practice of thisresearch, the deputy director and the Director of the Center will create a new academic field called
quantum field measurement systemology. The Administrative Director has the responsibility andauthority to expand strategic collaborations, plan and execute strategies for obtaining externalfunding, and conduct administrative tasks to realize the goals set by the Center Director. Each PI is
responsible for determining the approach of his or her research group and for autonomous
management, including the acquisition of external funding.
The operation of the center will be carried out with top-down approach by the Center Director’s
decision. Under the leadership of the Center Director, a "Center Steering Committee Meeting" will beheld as needed (once a month, but more frequently if necessary). The meeting members include theCenter Director, the Deputy Director, the Administrative Director, the PI representative, and the
Systemology Support Section representative, to discuss critical operational matters such as personnel,
budget, and research goals and policies. In this way, the deputy director, the administrative director,
the research core, and the systemology support section will understand the director's goals andpolicies and work together as a whole. A "PI meeting" will be held periodically, in which members of
the Center Steering Committee, all PIs, and Co-PIs(*) can participate to discuss resources needed forresearch, etc. At PI meetings, PIs (or Co-PIs) will take turns to report on their research progress anddiscuss specific research collaborations among PIs. An "external advisory board" consisting of fiveprominent researchers from Japan and abroad will be established to evaluate the center's operationfrom a higher perspective and provide beneficial advice.
(*) The Co-PI system enables overseas PIs to work at the center even when it is difficult for them totravel abroad due to the corona pandemic; in case needed, overseas PIs may hire young researchersat the associate professor level as Co-PIs, and the Co-PIs will be stationed at the center to maintain aclose relationship between the center and the overseas PIs.
3) -3 -2. Support divisions
We will establish (1) the Systemology Support Section, (2) the QUP Strategy Office, and (3) the QUP
Office within the Center as research support organizations. (1) will be managed by the Deputy
Director, and (2) and (3) by the Administrative Director.
The Systemology Support Section
This section provides systems engineering support and systems science support to PIs using
systems modeling languages (such as SysML). Furthermore, through the lessons learned, this section
will create a new discipline of quantum field measurement systemology under the supervision of the
Director and Deputy Director.
The QUP Strategy Office
KEK(Host Institution)-21

QUP(Center name)It is a URA organization responsible for strategically essential matters in the center's operation, suchas acquiring external funds, industry-academia-government collaboration, international collaboration,and outreach. We consider industry-academia-government cooperation and international cooperation
to be essential. We plan to connect with the Tsukuba Innovation Arena (TIA) established toaccelerate the innovation in Japan for the former purpose. An example of international collaborationis the Toshiko Yuasa Laboratory (TYL), which Japan and France are promoting. The virtual laboratory
was established in 2006 by KEK, CNRS/IN2P3, and CEA/Irfu, named after Dr. Toshiko Yuasa, afemale physicist who went to France during and after World War II and made significant
achievements in particle and nuclear physics. At TYL, we have collaborated in a wide range of fields,from detector technology to accelerator technology, from particle physics to cosmology. France has
excellent human resources and technology levels in instrument science. Cooperation with France isalso beneficial in this WPI initiative, and TYL and its future expansion will be incorporated as acomponent of this WPI initiative.
The QUP Office
The QUP Office is the dedicated administrative organization of this center. The head of the Officeshall be a position equivalent to that of section chief. The work under his or her jurisdiction shall beclassified into general affairs, accounting, and research cooperation. Each section shall have its
organization. The KEK Administration Office will provide full cooperation to ensure the smooth
progress of these operations. The General Manager of the QUP Office will also participate in the
Administrative Liaison Meeting (held once a month to share administrative matters and discuss
important issues), composed of managers of the KEK Administration Office.
3) -4 Research environment* Concretely describe how equipment and facilities, including laboratory space, will be provided in a manner appropriate for a “world
premier international center.” Include your procedure and timing.
* Describe measures taken with regard to the research environment to sustain and strengthen research activities under conditions
when international exchange is limited.
* Concretely describe how the center will consider to arrange for its researchers to participate in the education of graduate students.
* Describe new measures to improve or abolish existing systems and practices in the host institution to optimize the center’s research
environment.
* Describe your measures other than the above to ensure that world’s top researchers from around the world can comfortably devote
themselves to their research within an international and competitive environment at the center.

KEK has an unparalleled infrastructure for large-scale projects in basic research. A part of it will beoffered free of charge to provide a world-leading research environment. Details are described in "6)
Summary of Host Institution's Commitment.
There may be situations where COVID-19 severely restricts traveling. Even in such a case, one of
the main features of this center is that it can make full use of its three satellites to carry out efficientdevelopment research. KEK has the world's most advanced DX/RX infrastructure, with a proven trackrecord and expertise in continuing large-scale international cooperative experiments such as the Bfactory, even in difficulties due to COVID-19. The infrastructure and experience will be fully utilized in
KEK(Host Institution)-22

QUP(Center name)this center as well.
In order to contribute to the realization of international brain circulation as one of the world's leading
research centers, the center will optimize its systems and practices as much as possible and build asystem that allows researchers from overseas to devote themselves to their research without feeling
uncomfortable. Since this center will adopt a top-down organizational structure different from KEK as
an inter-university research organization, it will require a system separate from the existing system of
KEK. Specifically, the following points should be satisfied.


As a system to ensure the leadership of the center director, a "center conference" will beestablished with a small number of center staff as described in 3)-3-1. The center director andmembers of the meeting will discuss important matters, including personnel and budget, to support
timely decisions by the director.

Take measures to allow special operations for the Center in salary and employment, using theexisting system of specified fixed-term employment.

English should be the official language for both research activities and administrative work at thecenter. Further work on the English environment is also discussed in 3)-2.

KEK(Host Institution)-23

QUP(Center name)4) Values for the Future4) -1 Generating and disseminating the societal value of basic research* Describe concretely and quantitatively the center’s policy for widely disseminating the results of its basic research to the generalpublic.

Research that explores the limits of space, time, and subatomic particles awakens in public a sense ofwonder that transcends science. For example, suppose the LiteBIRD satellite project, which this centercollaborates with JAXA, detects the signal of inflation. In that case, it is said to be the "greatest
discovery in the history of science," surpassing the two Nobel Prizes in physics awarded so far for theobservation of the CMB. Its intellectual value to humankind is immeasurable. (Evidence: Report of thereview committee organized by Prof. Weiss, a laureate of Nobel Prize in Physics:
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0604101.) If the results are different from the predictions, that may
even transform humanity's worldview. When Super-Kamiokande announced its discovery of neutrino
oscillations, U.S. President Clinton said in a speech the day after the announcement, "The discovery
will have an impact on society as a whole, not just in the laboratory." We expect that LiteBIRD's
observation results have a similar or even more significant impact. If Japan can take the lead increating such intellectual value again, it will bring confidence and pride to the people ofJapan. It will also contribute significantly to the country's continued existence as a first-class country,
distinguished by other countries. The center will also collaborate with JAXA ISAS, Kavli IPMU, AIST,
and other participating institutions to share such intellectual values with the public through web
outreach, lectures, public presentations, and SNS. The URA and administrative staff will be in charge ofoutreach for continuous dissemination.
4) -2 Fostering next-generation human resources linked with higher education* The center offers an opportune platform for establishing a research system in which new interdisciplinary domains can be createdwithin a rich international environment. Describe concretely and quantitatively the initiatives to be taken to foster young researchers,
including doctoral students, through participation in such a research system within the center.

The educational goal of this center is to develop the next generation of talents who are proficient insystems science and have deep expertise in specific fields. By learning about sensors, ASICs,
computers, data analysis, and the systemology that integrates them at this center, young researchers
will become scientists who can play an active role in academic posts and a wide range of industries.
The center will provide training and career development support at each stage, from graduate student
to post-doctoral fellow to tenure-track/tenured faculty, as described below.
Graduate students
The host institution, KEK, has been practicing graduate education in Japan and abroad through the
Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) and the Special Joint Research Fellowship
Program for graduate students. In addition, a research assistant (RA) system is in operation to support
these graduate students. In cooperation with KEK, we will improve the system so that researchers at
this center can accept and educate graduate students. In addition, we will build an educational
program for domestic and foreign students as well as Early Carrier Researchers beyond the Japanese
graduate school system. We will create teaching materials that systematize quantum fieldmeasurement as a system science and hold annual quantum field measurement systemology training
KEK(Host Institution)-24

QUP(Center name)and practice courses for graduate students in elementary particles, cosmology, measurement science,and related fields. In the past, KEK has held a large international school, EDIT, with participants from23 countries and has experience in holding many international schools. KEK also has a strong networkwith domestic and international research institutions. We will make full use of them to implement the
project. As mentioned in 3-2), TYL focuses on expanding and fostering female researchers through the
Women in Science Camp and the Toshiko Yuasa Award. This center will also contribute to expanding
diversity in basic science in Japan through collaboration with TYL.
Unlike the cases in US and Europe, graduate schools in particle physics and related communities inJapan have not been producing a good number of dissertations on novel sensors and their systems
despite their importance. QUP will be a game-changer and will contribute significantly to promoting
instrumental science in general.
Young researchers
We will dispatch young researchers to the Berkeley Satellite for an extended period to foster
researchers with an international perspective through the experience of "living under the same roof."
The center will provide opportunities for young researchers to present their research results actively. In
addition to the international research meetings of each research unit, the center will hold aninternational research meeting (QUP Symposium) involving the entire center to promoteinterdisciplinary research at least once a year. As part of our international career support, we will
support young Japanese researchers to obtain research positions at partner institutions of international
joint experiments such as LiteBIRD. By doing so, we will achieve long-term brain circulation. In
addition, the center will establish a mentoring system by senior researchers for young researchers. It
will provide strategic and psychological support to help young researchers obtain tenure-track/tenured
positions at universities and other institutions and positions in industry where they can use theirabilities.
4) -3 Self-sufficient and sustainable center development* The center needs to become self-sufficent and sustainable after the funding period of 10 years. Describe the host institution’s mid- tolong-term plan and schedule for supporting the center development, including the reform of the host institution’s organization, theprovision of personnel with priority allocation of tenured posts to the center, fundamental financial support, and material support
including land and buildings.

KEK will position this center as a unique organization that contributes to forming world-class activities
and as an independent research organization distinguished from other research organizations within
KEK. KEK will use the activities of this center as a springboard for interdisciplinary fusion andorganizational reform at KEK. By becoming a center for interdisciplinary research, it is expected tocreate new research fields and further enhance the function of KEK. KEK will provide the necessary
support to ensure that the center remains a world-class research center after the implementation
period of this program is over. To that end, KEK will find the best way to reorganize roles between the
KEK's existing institutions and QUP to continue QUP’s function. Specific measures include positioning
the center as one of KEK's research centers and maintaining the mission and identity of the center.
Toward the establishment as a permanent organization after 10 years, KEK with a leadership of the
Director General will assist the center to have its own financial base. Along this line, KEK will proceed
toward the upgrade of the necessary facilities and acquiring the tenure positions for senior researches
KEK(Host Institution)-25

QUP(Center name)and technicians gradually after the sixth year.

KEK(Host Institution)-26

QUP(Center name)Center Director's Vision
As a researcher, I can hardly contain my excitement at the thought of the realization of this research center. My
research style is to unravel the great mysteries of particle physics and cosmology using new measurement methods.
In particle physics, I led the discovery of CP violation at the KEK B-factory, for which I received the 4th JSPS award
from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The discovery led to the Nobel Prize in Physics for Profs.
Kobayashi and Maskawa. In experimental cosmology, I formed the POLARBEAR project team in Japan and succeededin the first observation of gravitational lensing effects using polarized cosmic microwave background (CMB) alone. In
each case, I felt as if I had touched the depths of nature with my bare hands. The memory of my excitement is still
vivid. The source of the excitement I mentioned at the beginning of this note is the conviction that this center willbring about discoveries beyond the achievements mentioned above.
KEK promotes the mission of solving the mysteries of the universe, subatomic particles, and life by using particle
accelerators. It is already recognized worldwide as an international center for accelerator science. Why is it necessary
to propose a new center? What should we do to lead the world beyond other accelerator centers, such as theEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (from now on referred to as CERN)? I propose this center because I
believe that further innovation is necessary for three reasons as follows.
The first point is that KEK, an international center for accelerators, needs to become a global center formeasurement systems. Unfortunately, Japan is lagging in measurement systems at the forefront of spaceobservation and particle experiments, and we are relying on the most advanced measurement systems of foreigngroups for various projects. Even at KEK, the development of a measurement system to precisely observe particles
produced by the accelerator has relied on individual researchers' heroic and artisanal efforts. On the other hand,international accelerator centers worldwide have already taken a more organized, strategic, and interdisciplinary
approach.
Second, we need to work on new and essential research to solve the mystery of the universe,
subatomic particles, and life. We do not need to tie ourselves to an accelerator to this end. Under thebanner of the search for cosmic connections (the connection between the universe and elementary particles), CERN's
strategic cooperation with projects such as the Antiparticle Cosmic Ray Observatory (AMS) has produced significant
results in space observation. On the other hand, at KEK, space observations are still a kind of "private stores"
operated by individual researchers, including myself. Some institutions conduct astronomical and space observationsin Japan, but they lack the perspective of space observation that can elucidate the mysteries in particle physics. Now
that the universe and subatomic particles are more closely related to each other than ever, I believe that the next
scientific revolution is likely to come from cosmic connections. In order not to miss the chance of discovery, we needto take immediate action.
Third, the world of detectors is undergoing a revolution, and urgent action is needed. In recent years,
new detection principles using various quasiparticles and new sensors using quantum effects have been proposed.
Existing detectors, such as semiconductor detectors, also need to be upgraded to meet the requirements of the nextgeneration experiments. History has proven that new detector systems are the key to opening up new research incosmology and particle physics. These new detectors and sophisticated detector systems are collectively
called "quantum field measurement systems" in this proposal. It is a new concept with two meanings:
one is to measure the new quantum fields, and the other is to measure "with" quantum fields, including
various quasiparticles. The term "measurement system" means the entire device, which includes the sensor itself,
the integrated circuit that extracts the signal and the computer that corresponds to the "brain" in humans.
In a nutshell, I sum up the above as "whoever rules the quantum field measurement system rules theresearch on the universe and elementary particles." With this in mind, my vision for this center is as follows.
The primary vision is to form an unparalleled research center on measurement systems for cosmology
and particle physics, where we carry out everything from the invention of principles to the execution oflarge-scale projects seamlessly, and to lead the world at a stroke [Center's Identity I]. International
accelerator research institutes that rival KEK, such as CERN and Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in the U.S.,
have their detector development groups. Still, there is no single center that can take a project from idea toexecution. This center, which will be the only one of its kind globally, will be a "full-fledged move" forJapan to take the lead in the competition with CERN and others in the field of measurement systems.
This center aims to be a place that promotes inventions for quantum field measurement systems that realize the
dreams of research. Our goal is to create a measurement system that will meet the grand challenges of science rather
than improve the system to pursue immediate results. We want to develop ideas magnitude better than those of thepast. We lead to significant discoveries by providing an environment where researchers can build ideas and havesufficient research time at this center [Center's Goal 1]. One example of research that excites me is the systematicand exhaustive study of the interaction between the theoretically-predicted quantum fields of novel elementary
particles and the various quasiparticles in the matter. It will lead to the invention of a new quantum fieldmeasurement system. Until now, the connection between condensed matter physics and particle physics has been
KEK(Host Institution)-1

QUP(Center name)Center Director's Vision

overlooked. However, there are various quantum fields of quasiparticles in different physical systems. These fields
should be inextricably linked with the quantum fields of elementary particles in the matter. It is a vast and untouchedresearch area, and this center will be engaging in the first thorough systematic research. The Standard Model ofparticle physics cannot solve four significant mysteries: The accelerated expansion in the very early universe named
inflation; The dark matter; The dark energy; The fact that the universe has no antiparticles and appears to consist of
only particles. To solve these mysteries, theorists have predicted the existence of novel quantum fields such as
inflaton, axion, and supersymmetric particles. If we discover even one such novel quantum field, it will leadto the Nobel Prize in Physics. I hope that this center will become the "birthplace" of future great discoveries.
In the spirit of the end-to-end research from invention to implementation mentioned above, thequantum field measurement system invented at the center will be implemented in actual projects forcosmology and particle physics [Center's Goal 2]. One example is the LiteBIRD satellite project, which aims to
explore the Universe before the Big Bang and get closer to the fundamental physical laws behind it. It is a project that
I proposed, and I serve as the global PI. My group is currently developing an innovative superconducting detector
array with a group in the U.S. to convert the incoming CMB photons into phonons and read them with a SQUID. It isan example of a new detector using quasiparticles. This center will promote it as the flagship project. We will also
propose and encourage projects for new cosmological observations and particle physics experiments based on theinvention of a new quantum field measurement system [Center's Goal 3]. As already mentioned, new sensor
technologies are emerging recently. We will propose new experiments by using them. Among them, we will carefully
select and promote those that have the best chance of success. In addition, we will encourage the application of the
new quantum field measurement system to the upgrades of existing accelerator experiments. The term"measurement system" includes data analysis methods that correspond to the human brain. The center will also aim
to invent new analysis methods [Center's Goal 4].
This center will conduct interdisciplinary research on "means" or "methodologies," not for specificresearch topics in particle physics or cosmology alone. It is at the meta-level, leading to a new level offusion of various research areas to produce academic and social values [Center's Identity II]. The new"eyes" invented and developed at this center will undoubtedly be applied to other fields and create new social
implementations and social contributions. This center will promote such social contributions by establishing a satellite
at the Toyota Central R&D Labs for collaboration instead of leaving it to others [Center's Goal 5]. In addition, with thevision of global collaboration of manufacturing laboratories, we will establish two more satellites (Berkeley and JAXA)
to promote collaborative development.
I want to emphasize that the above vision is based on KEK's strengths listed in the following:• Demonstration of the measurement system can be done using the various quantum beams provided by
KEK's accelerator facility [Center's Identity III].
• The experience and capabilities as a host of large-scale international joint experiments [Center's Identity IV].
• The extensive global human network and abilities as an inter-university research institute cultivated so far[Center's Identity V].
KEK, which already has one of the best infrastructures in the world, will establish a new WPI center by concentrating
all its efforts, and it will be an unrivaled international research center. As the overall leader of the LiteBIRD
satellite project, I will make full use of my experience as a leader of about 300 researchers from 12
countries to manage the WPI.
We want to take a systems science approach to the development of quantum field measurement systems. The
systematic introduction of systems engineering and systems science (systemology) will serve as a base for building up
the development process as an intellectual foundation. Recent satellite development has shown that the systematic
introduction of modeling languages accelerates the accumulation of know-how as projects are described in modelinglanguages rather than in documents. This center will apply this method to basic science projects and generate asignificant expansion of knowledge in 10 years. Ultimately, we want to create a new field of quantum fieldmeasurement systemology as a "science of means." This center will nurture the next generation of researchers
proficient in using systems science and have deep expertise [Center's Goal 7].
Finally, I would like to describe my dream. My dream as a researcher is that the activities of this center
will result in three Nobel Prizes in physics in the future. LiteBIRD will take off. A new experiment will
start to search for novel quantum fields. The next Georges Charpak (Nobel Prize winner in Physics fordeveloping a detector) will be born from this center. Finally, my dream as a person is that the researchof this center will become the foundation for the happiness of humanity.
KEK(Host Institution)-2

QUP(Center name)Host Institution’s Commitment
Date 1st June 2021
To Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
Director General
Dr. Masanori Yamauchi
I confirm that the measures listed below will be carried out faithfully and concretely as follows regarding“International Center for Quantum-field Measurement Systems for Studies of the Universe and Particles”(hereinafter referred to as “Center”) if it is adopted under the World Premier International Research Center
Initiative.

Concrete Measures

・Describe the concrete measures that the host institution will take to satisfy the following requirements.

1)

For the center to become a truly “world premier international research center” andindependent by the time WPI support ends, the host institution must clearly define thecenter’s role within its own mid-to-long-term strategy and provide its comprehensive
support from the time that the funded project starts.
※Describe the center’s role within host institution’s own mid-to-long-term strategy.

KEK is the top-class accelerator research institute in the world with its unique high energy accelerators
serving for vast area of interdisciplinary research including particle and nuclear physics, material science,
biology, and even archaeology. KEK is best to place a new center on innovative measurement systems, as theCenter can utilize the KEK’s infrastructure effectively and have a close contact with its user communities.
Development of measurement systems is also a key subject for KEK’s various researches as well as being able
to accept the top-down organization that is completely different from inter-university research institutestructure, thus the mutual benefit is clear and the synergy are highly expected.
As one of the Inter-University Research Institutes, KEK provides a wide range of research platforms fordomestic and international researchers. The KEK Roadmap and following KEK Project Implementation Plan
(KEK-PIP) describe the institute’s research plan in mid-term. The KEK Roadmap was updated in May 2021,
and the importance of the detector R&D is clearly stated. Once this WPI is adopted, KEK will further clarify its
commitment in KEK’s mid-term plans.
KEK will comprehend the WPI’s progress based on the Center’s annual report and suggestions from programcommittee and working group members who receive follow-up. In the process, as several packages where
the stronger collaborations may emerge, KEK will update the commitment accordingly. KEK’s Open Innovation
Promotion Department will tightly collaborate for the spin-off from the Center for the wider science
community and for the industrial and sociological applications.
2)

Provide a mid-to-long-term policy for amending the plan on the direction of the hostinstitution’s organization and operation, one that includes the reform of the institution’s
existing organization in ways that will achieve the center’s independence and create apermanent place for it within the organization. A concrete plan and schedule must be set
and carried out for restructuring the host institution’s organization.
※Describe both a mid-to-long-term policy for amending the plan on the direction of the host institution’s organization andoperation and provide a concrete plan and schedule.

KEK(Host Institution) -1

QUP(Center name)This Center will be set up as special organization in KEK, independent from the existing institutes andlaboratories, in order to support its potential to be the world-class international center.
In the first fiscal year, KEK will support the establishment of general rules and regulations for the Center,
including its autonomous institutional structure, recruitment procedure and researches commitment on
research and education, so that the Center can effectively start its activities with newly hired researchers inearly second fiscal year. As KEK already has flexible systems on the recruitment, salary, and personalevaluation which can be a basis to create the Center’s rules and regulations so the organizational preparation
can be implemented without delay.
Toward the establishment as a permanent organization after 10 years, KEK with a leadership of the Director
General will assist the Center to have its own financial base, in the same way with other KEK research
projects. Along this line, KEK will proceed toward the upgrade of the necessary facilities and acquiring thetenure positions for senior researches and technicians gradually after the sixth year.
3)

Provide sufficient support for carrying out the center’s operation and research activities,
including necessary personnel, financial, and system support.

KEK will support allocating human resources for setting up rules and regulations on important issues of theCenter’s operation, such as the budget and staff recruitment, in which the Center director makes the majordecisions. The director is, therefore, able to take a leadership to carry out its operation and research
activities. Details are described in following section 5).
KEK will make a following initial support to the Center in human resource: A deputy director of the Center; PIs and Co-PIs who are tenures of KEK;
 Technical and engineering staffs; and Administrative staffs in KEK Administration Bureau
Some of the staffs will be partially working for the Center. Especially for the technical and administrative
staffs, concurrently working both for KEK and the Center is important in the point of the continuity of thework and the human resource circulation between the two, and will also contribute to work efficiency. As
stated in the above section, KEK will support to obtain tenure positions for technicians in the later stage ofthe 10-year program.
KEK will make a following financial support, such that the sum from the KEK support and the external
resource is equal or more than the support from the WPI fund. Here is the main summary Human resource stated above (according to their effort)
 Discretionary budget for the Center director
 KEK offers annual 50-million-yen budget which the Center director can use flexibly to accelerate theresearch with their leadership.
 Facilities Office space (~1,000 m2)
 Laboratory space (~2,000 m2)
 Non-charge usage for the KEK facilities such as its accelerators and test beam facilities

KEK(Host Institution) -2

QUP(Center name)Following photos show the candidate location for the office and lab space. They are currently used forvarious purposes and KEK will arrange for the reallocation.

In addition to this, though this is not for exclusive use, KEK has a large-scale dormitories and apartments withEnglish-speaking staffs at the front desk full-time. These facilities will help to support the social life of the WPI
researchers and its visitors. Especially a new dormitory No. 5 which will have 68 rooms is under construction
and will be operational in April 2022. Total capacities including the apartments will become 240 rooms.
Dormitory No.5
・３stories building
・Total floor area: Approximately 1,700 m2
・Private room type (68 rooms, with unit bath and toilet)
・Construction period: June 2021 (scheduled) -March 2022
・Start of operation: April 1, 2022
4)

Provide for the independent operation of the center even after the WPI grant period ends.
Provide necessary support to include the long-term provision of personnel, facilities,
equipment and other resources needed to establish the center as a “top world-level research
institute.” Also, secure and provide from an early stage of the center’s establishment the
infrastructure needed for it to carry out its activities (e.g. land, research facilities andequipment, research space), and do so with a commitment to continually maintaining thisinfrastructure after the WPI grant period ends.

KEK will provide necessary support to the Center so that it can keep the position of the world premierinternational research center after the decade. KEK will position it as a research center of KEK with theproposed mission with its identity.
For examples, KEK will keep offering the infrastructure listed in section 3), even after the 10-year period, inorder that the Center can develop its activities afterwards. As stated in section 2), KEK will assist the Centerto have its own financial base, in the same way with other KEK research projects. Along this line, KEK willproceed toward the upgrade of the necessary facilities and acquiring the tenure positions for seniorresearches and technicians gradually after the sixth year.
In the next ten years, KEK will support the Center in establishing its self-reliance by offering existing research
KEK(Host Institution) -3

QUP(Center name)infrastructures, including particle accelerators and buildings. The Center will also gradually increase
contributions from KEK, primarily for hiring four senior scientists and five high-ranked technicians who are
hired entirely with the WPI grant. There are many strong research groups around KEK with great interest in
the activities at QUP. Collaboration with those groups will also be beneficial to establish self-reliance, which
will be an advantage of having this Center at KEK. After ten years, the Center's mission will be strongly
continued. The optimal roles of KEK's existing institutions and the Center will be reorganized to continue its
functions as a whole.
KEK has been renovating its organizational structure for the perpetual changes in the research needs and iskeen to move forward to make the further progress with the Center. Recently, as existing examples, KEK
newly founded the Center for Applied Superconducting Accelerator (CASA) since April 2019 and the Center for
Integrative Quantum Beam Science (CIQus) since April 2020 and can be said that KEK has the adequate
knowledge and experience for independent operation of the Center.
5)

Provide a system that will in practice allow the enter director to make decisions in
implementing the center project, including personnel and budgets, and that will secure theautonomy of its operation.

KEK will support to establish the autonomous rules and regulations of the Center so that it can serve as aworld premier international institute to realize the world-wide circulation of talented researchers. Some
examples are as follows.
 In order to ensure the Center director’s leadership, a Center Steering Committee with the director and a
few key members from the Center will be established, which essentially decides on the Center’s budget,
recruitment and other important issues in a system that can be done with the director’s initiative. As aninter-university research institute, KEK, in principle, requires a resolution from the Education andResearch Council regarding faculty appointments. However, as an exception, we will consider delegating
this task to the Center. At the same time, we will support collaboration between the Center and otherresearch institutes and communicate with the related research community.
 KEK's existing flexible recruitment and salary systems will be fully utilized to help optimize the treatmentof staff members. We will also delegate individual evaluation to the Center under the leadership of thedirector.
6)

Provide support to the center director by coordinating with other departments regarding theassigning of researchers to the center and the creating of an effective environment for thecenter within the host institution. Needed adjustments to do so should be made proactively
while giving consideration to their effect on the educational and research activities of thosedepartments.

KEK Director General will properly arrange the human resource of KEK including researcher, engineers, andadministrative staffs for the successful realization of the Center’s visions.
The KEK Administration Bureau will fully cooperate for the Center’s business to smoothly process. In order tokeep the close contact, the administrative head of the Center will attend the monthly administrative meeting
which is composed by the managers of each administrative department and divisions.
7)

Offer cooperation in flexibly applying, revising, or supplementing the host institution’s
internal systems as needed for the center to effectively implement new management
methods unfettered by conventional modes of operation (e.g. English-language
environment, merit-based pay, top-down decision making, linkage to graduate school
education).

As the Center has a different operation scheme from the one for KEK’s user facilities, various new governanceidea needs to be developed in the foundation of the Center. Since KEK already has flexible scheme on
research and education and relevant rules including on recruitment procedure, KEK is considering that theimplementation can be done without difficulty.
As for the English-language environment, KEK is hosting large international collaborations in particle physics
KEK(Host Institution) -4

QUP(Center name)such as Belle II and T2K experiments. 2,000 users are from foreign universities and institutes among the total
8,000 users annually and KEK is already at a level to accept another international institute. Admittedly, it is
not yet in the level of some prominent foreign international institutes but the establishment of the Center will
be a great opportunity for KEK to improve even further. The Center will be responsible for supporting andaccommodating foreigner researcher’s research and living where there will be a full back-up from the KEK’s
International Office and Users Office, and the synergy between KEK and the Center will be expected.
8)

Provide other types of assistance to give the center maximum support in achieving its
concepts and objectives and in becoming a world premier international research center inboth name and deed.

KEK will provide maximum support for the development of the Center into a world-class international research
center under the consistent medium- to long-term vision of the center director. KEK will promote this throughthe annual report of the center and the annual remarks from the program committee and working groupmembers.
9)

The host institution is to self-evaluate the results of the system reforms achieved by thecenter and distribute the results that it evaluates highly to all of its departments.

KEK will acknowledge the scientific achievement of the Center and utilize them in the applicable researcharea. In the aforementioned external review, the excellent system brought by the Center will be identified andthen, after evaluated by the KEK directorate, it will be adopted to a relevant part of KEK.
10) (For host institutions that already have an existing WPI center and/or Academy center)
Fully support and sustain the existing WPI and/or Academy center and advance its
development as a top world-level research institute, while being capable of fully supporting
the new center at the same time.
Not applicable.
11) (For host institutions that already have an existing WPI center and/or Academy center)
Take the initiative to spread the existing centers’ good system reform results to otherdepartments throughout the host institution and apply them to implementing its own
reforms.
Not applicable.

KEK(Host Institution) -5

QUP(Center name)World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI)
List of Principal Investigators
・If the number of principal investigators exceeds 10, add columns as appropriate.
・Place an asterisk(*) by the name of the investigators who are considered to be ranked among the world’s top researchers.
・Give age as of 1 April 2021.
・For investigators who cannot participate in the center project from its beginning, indicate the time that their participation will start in the “Notes” column.
・If there are changes from the PI list in the first screening application documents, describe the points changed and reasons in the “Notes” column.
・Include principal investigators affiliated with satellite institutions. Give the name of their satellite institutions in the “Notes” column.
・Fill in the achievements of each PI in the “Biographical Sketch of Principal Investigators."

Name

Age

Current affiliation(Department/ School/Institution)・Title

Specialization

Effort *

Notes

(%)

56

Professor/Institute of Particle and Nuclear
Studies (IPNS)/High Energy Accelerator
Research Organization (KEK)

Experimental Cosmology,
High Energy Physics

80

Center Director, conducting
LiteBIRD R&D

42

Associate Professor/Institute of Particle andNuclear Studies (IPNS)/High Energy
Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)High Energy Physics

70

Super-radiation-hardsemiconductor detectors

42

Lecturer/Institute of Particle and Nuclear
Studies (IPNS)/High Energy Accelerator
Research Organization (KEK)

Experimental Cosmology

70

LiteBIRD satellite verification
tests, superconducting detector
system verification technology

4 Masaya Miyahara＊

40

Associate Professor/Institute of Particle andNuclear Studies (IPNS)/High Energy
Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)

Manufacturing
Technology, Electronic
Devices, Electronic
Equipment

70

ASIC R&D

5 Nanae Taniguchi

41

Assistant Professor/Institute of Particle andNuclear Studies (IPNS)/High Energy
Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)High Energy Physics

70

Gaseous detectors and readout

6 Adrian T. Lee＊

56

Professor/Department of Physics/University ofExperimental Cosmology
California Berkeley

50

Berkeley satellite office,superconducting detectors

62

Professor/Department of Physics/University ofHigh Energy Physics
Oxford20

Sumiconductor detectors

54

Senior Scientist/Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory

High Energy Physics

20

Berkeley satellite office,electronics

39

Senior Researcher/Research Institute forPhysical Measurement/The National Instituteof Advanced Industrial Science andTechnology (AIST)Electronic Devices,Electronic Equipment

40

Superconducting detectors

Noriko Y. Yamasaki
10 ＊

54

Professor/Institute of Space and Astronautical
Science (ISAS)/Japan Aerospace Exploration Astrophysics
Agency (JAXA)

20

ISAS/JAXA satellite office,Superconducting detectors,
member of Science Council ofJapan

11 Kazunori Nakayama

38

Assistant Professor/Faculty of Science/The
University of Tokyo

Particle Physics Theory,
Particle Cosmology

30

New methods to search for new
quantum fields

12 Hideo Iizuka

48

Senior Fellow/Beyond X Research
Division/Toyota Central R&D Labs

Wave Engineering

40

Toyota central R&D labs satellite
office, Industrial applications

13 Yu Nakahama＊

39

Associate Professor/Kobayashi-Maskawa
Institute for the Origin of Particles and the
Universe/Nagoya University

High Energy Physics

20

Data analysis, winner of Toshiko
Yuasa Prize and Fumiko
Yonezawa Prize

1

Masashi Hazumi＊

2 Manabu Togawa
3

Masaya Hasegawa＊

Daniela Bortoletto

7 ＊Maurice Garcia-

8 Sciveres＊

9 Kaori Hattori* Percentage of time that the principal investigator will devote to working for the center vis-à-vis his/her total working hours. (Activities carried out using competitive funding can be
included as effort as long as they correspond to the purpose of the WPI center and are conducted for the center.)

KEK(Host Institution) - 1

QUP(Center name)