ி㒔኱Ꮫேᩥ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤඹྠ◊✲ᐇ⦼࣭άືሗ࿌᭩ ᖺィ⏬ࡢ  ᖺ┠ ◊✲ㄢ㢟୰ᅜᅾᐙࡢ௖ᩍほ㸸၈㐨ᐉ᧝ࠗᗈᘯ᫂㞟࠘ࢆㄞࡴ
&KLQHVH /DLW\ V 9LHZ RI %XGGKLVP 5HDGLQJ WKH ([SDQGHG &ROOHFWLRQ RI WKH3URSDJDWLRQRI/LJKWFRPSLOHGE\'DR[XDQLQWKH7DQJ◊✲௦⾲⪅Ặྡ⯪ᒣᚭ)XQD\DPD7RUX
◊✲ᮇ㛫 ᖺ  ᭶ ᖺ  ᭶  ᖺ┠ 㸬◊✲┠ⓗᮏ◊✲⌜ࡣ㸪ඹྠ◊✲⌜ࠕ୰ᅜᅾᐙࡢᩍ⌮࡜⤒඾ࠖࡢ᪉ἲ࡜ᡂᯝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪၈ࡢ㐨ᐉ᧝ࠗᗈᘯ᫂㞟࠘࡟཰ࡵࡿ୰ᅜᅾᐙࡢⴭస࠿ࡽᙼࡽࡢ௖ᩍほࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋᅄࠥ୐ୡ⣖㡭ࡢ୰ᅜ࡛௖ᩍࡣᵝࠎ࡞Ⓨᒎࢆ㐙ࡆࡓࠋฟᐙൔࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃᩥே➼ࡢᅾᐙಙ⪅ࡀᯝࡓࡋࡓᙺ๭ࡶ኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓࠋฟᐙ⪅ࡀᏛࢇࡔ⤒඾ࡸㄽ᭩ࡣ⌧ᅾࡢ኱ⶶ⤒ࡢ඲ㇺࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ▱ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪୍᪉㸪ᅾᐙ⪅ࡢ௖ᩍ▱㆑ࡀ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘࡢࡶࡢࡔࡗࡓ࠿㸪ࡑࢀࡣฟᐙ♫ࡢ⌮ゎ࡜┦㐪ࡍࡿⅬࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࠿㸪ᅾᐙ⪅࡟ඹ㏻ࡢᚓᡭ୙ᚓᡭࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࠿➼ࡢၥ࠸࡟⟅࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣண᝿௨ୖ࡟㞴ࡋࡃ㸪⌧ᅾ࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛☜࠿࡞⟅࠼ࡣᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋேᩥ◊࡛ࡣ࠿ࡘ࡚භᮅ㝳၈᫬௦ࡢ▱㆑ேࡸᗢẸࡢ௖ᩍࢆ▱ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࠗ⫕ㄽ࠘ࠗᘯ᫂㞟࠘➼ࡢ఍ㄞࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋᮏ◊✲⌜ࡣࡑࡢὶࢀࢆ⥅ᢎࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ከࡃࡢᅾᐙ௖ᩍᚐࡢⴭసࢆ཰ࡵࡿ㐨ᐉ᧝ࠗᗈᘯ᫂㞟࠘㸦ୡ⣖㸧ࢆ୺࡞⣲ᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚୰ᅜᅾᐙ௖ᩍࡢᐇែゎ᫂ࢆ┠ࡊࡍࠋ
%DVHGRQWKHPHWKRGRORJ\DQGUHVXOWVFRQGXFWHGE\%XGGKLVW6XWUDVDQG'RFWULQHV
IRUWKH&KLQHVH/DLW\  WKLVSURMHFWVDWWHPSWWRVKHGDQHZOLJKWRQWKH
DFXWDOVLWXDWLRQRI%XGGKLVW/DLW\LQPHGLHYDO&KLQD$V&KLQHVH%XGGKLVPXQGHUZHQWYDULRXVGHYHORSPHQWVEHWZHHQWKHIRXUWKDQGVHYHQWKFHQWXULHVQRWRQO\PRQDVWLFVEXWDOVROD\SHRSOHSOD\HGDODUJHUROH$OWKRXJKZHFDQOHDUQDERXWWKHVXWUDVDQG
WUHDWLVHVVWXGLHGE\PRQDVWLFVWKURXJKWKHHQWLUH%XGGKLVWFDQRQWKDWLVH[WDQWWRGD\ ZLWK UHJDUG WR OD\ %XGGKLVWV YDULRXV TXHVWLRQV UHPDLQ XQH[SHFWHGO\GLIILFXOWWRDQVZHUVXFKDV7RZKDWH[WHQWGLGOD\SHRSOHSRVVHVVNQRZOHGJHRI

1%XGGKLVP" 2Q ZKDW SRLQWV ZDV WKDW NQRZOHGJH VLPLODU WR DQG GLIIHUHQW IURP WKHNQRZOHGJHKHOGE\PRQDVWLFV":HUHWKHUHDQ\VKDUHGOLNHVDQGGLVOLNHVRISDUWLFXODU%XGGKLVW VFULSWXUHV DQG LGHDV DPRQJ OD\SHRSOH" 3UHYLRXV VHPLQDUV KHOG LQ WKLVLQVWLWXWHVWXGLHGWH[WVVXFKDVWKH=KDROXQDQG+RQJPLQJMLLQRUGHUWRXQGHUVWDQG
WKH%XGGKLVPRILQWHOOHFWXDOVDQGRUGLQDU\SHRSOHGXULQJWKH6L['\QDVWLHV6XL
DQG 7DQJ SHULRGV 7KH SUHVHQW UHVHDUFK VHPLQDU DLPV WR FRQWLQXH WKLV OLQH RI
LQTXLU\WDNLQJDVLWVPDLQVRXUFHWH[WWKH([SDQGHG&ROOHFWLRQRIWKH3URSDJDWLRQ
RI/LJKW *XDQJKRQJPLQJMLWKF ̽LQZKLFKWKHFRPSLOHU'DR[XDQJDWKHUHGWKH
ZULWLQJVRIPDQ\OD\%XGGKLVWV̽LQRUGHUWRFODULI\WKHUHDOFRQGLWLRQVRIOD\%XGGKLVPLQ&KLQD ᮏᖺᗘࡢ◊✲ᐇ᪋≧ἣ᫖ᖺࡣ㸪භᮅ㝳၈᫬௦ࡢ▱㆑ேࡸᗢẸࡢ௖ᩍࢆ▱ࡿࡓࡵ㸪၈ࡢ㐨ᐉ᧝ࠗᗈᘯ᫂㞟࠘ᕳ ࡟཰ࡵࡿ௨ୗࡢᩥ⊩ࢆ఍ㄞࡋ㸪օ₎ㄒཎ඾ࡢᰯゞᮏ࣭ֆ⌧௦᪥ᮏㄒヂ࣭և㔜せཎㄒࡢㄒὀࢆసᡂࡋࡓࠋ࣮࣮༡ᩧࡢ࿘㢤ࠕ⯅ఱ⬍᭩ࠖ㸪ᱱࡢṊᖇࠕ᪇ẅ⤯᐀ᘁ≛≅ペࠖ㸪㢦அ᥎ࠕㄕẅᐙカࠖ㸪ᱱṊᖇࠕ᪇㓇⫗ᩥࠖࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ༡ᩧࡢ࿘㢤ࡢ᭩ࡣ㸪௖ᩍ࡛ࡣ⏕ࡁ≀ࢆẅࡉ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿࡢ࡛⫗㣗ࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆㄝࡃࠋᱱࡢṊᖇࡢࠕ᪇ẅ⤯᐀ᘁ≛≅ペࠖ࡜ྠࡌࡃṊᖇࡢࠕ᩿㓇⫗ᩥࠖࡣ㸪㣧㓇࡜⫗㣗ࡀ㐣ࡕ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㸪ᅾᐙ⪅࡛࠶ࡿⓚᖇࡀฟᐙ⪅࡟ㄝࡃෆᐜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢෆᐜ࠿ࡽ㸪ᙜ᫬ࡢฟᐙ⪅ࡣ⏨ዪࢆၥࢃࡎ⫗㣗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠺ᐇែࢆᥥࡁ㸪Ṋᖇࡣ࠶ࡿ࡭ࡁ௖ᩍࢆᐇ⌧ࡍ࡭ࡃ㸪⫗㣗࡜㣧㓇ࡢ㐣࠿ࡽ㏨ࢀࡿᡴ㛤⟇ࢆ୺ᙇࡍࡿࠋ㢦அ᥎ࡢᩥࡶᇶᮏⓗ࡟ྠࡌ㊃᪨࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ㸳ࠥ㸴ୡ⣖ࡢᅾᐙ௖ᩍᚐ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᙼࡽ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚⳯㣗୺⩏ࡣ᐀ᩍほ࡜⏕࿨ほ࡟᰿ࡊࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᵝࠎ࡞ゅᗘ࠿ࡽㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᅾᐙ௖ᩍほࡢ኱ࡁ࡞୍㠃ࢆᾋࡁ᙮ࡾ࡟ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚ព⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ௒ᖺᗘࡣᱱࡢṊᖇࠕ᩿㓇⫗ᩥࠖࡢṧࡾࡢ㒊ศࢆㄞ஢ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢᩥ⊩ࡣ㸪ෆᐜࡶព⩏῝࠸ࡀㄒᙡࡢⅬ࠿ࡽࡶ㸴ୡ⣖๓༙ࡢ⏕ࡁࡓㄒᙡࡀぢࡽࢀ㸪௖ᩍ࡟㛵ࡍࡿไᗘྐࡢ㈨ᩱ࡜ࡶ࡞ࡿࠋ௒ᖺᗘࡢ◊✲⌜ᅇᩘࡣ  ᅇࠋᮏᖺᗘࡢ◊✲ᐇ᪋ෆᐜ఍ㄞ㸸࿘㢤ࠕ⯅ఱ⬍᭩ࠖⓎ⾲⪅⯪ᒣᚭ఍ㄞ㸸ᱱṊᖇࠕ᪇ẅ⤯᐀ᘁ≛≅ペࠖⓎ⾲⪅Ἑୖ㯞⏤Ꮚ఍ㄞ㸸㢦அ᥎ࠕㄕẅᐙカࠖⓎ⾲⪅୰ᮧៅஅ௓఍ㄞ㸸ᱱṊᖇࠕ᪇㓇⫗ᩥࠖ㸦㸯㸧Ⓨ⾲⪅ྂ຾㝯୍఍ㄞ㸸ᱱṊᖇࠕ᪇㓇⫗ᩥࠖ㸦㸰㸧Ⓨ⾲⪅㨯⸤఍ㄞ㸸ᱱṊᖇࠕ᪇㓇⫗ᩥࠖ㸦㸱㸧Ⓨ⾲⪅㉿࢘ࢽࣝ఍ㄞ㸸ᱱṊᖇࠕ᪇㓇⫗ᩥࠖ㸦㸲㸧Ⓨ⾲⪅୰すಇⱥ఍ㄞ㸸ᱱṊᖇࠕ᪇㓇⫗ᩥࠖ㸦㸳㸧Ⓨ⾲⪅⯪ᒣᚭ఍ㄞ㸸ᱱṊᖇࠕ᪇㓇⫗ᩥࠖ㸦㸴㸧Ⓨ⾲⪅ஂỌ᪸ኸ

2఍ㄞ㸸ᱱṊᖇࠕ᪇㓇⫗ᩥࠖ㸦㸵㸧Ⓨ⾲⪅಴ᮏᑦᚨ఍ㄞ㸸ᱱṊᖇࠕ᪇㓇⫗ᩥࠖ㸦㸶㸧Ⓨ⾲⪅⯪ᒣᚭ఍ㄞ㸸ᱱṊᖇࠕ᪇㓇⫗ᩥࠖ㸦㸷㸧Ⓨ⾲⪅࢘࢕ࢵࢸࣝࣥ&K఍ㄞ㸸ᱱṊᖇࠕ᪇㓇⫗ᩥࠖ㸦㸧Ⓨ⾲⪅Ἑୖ㯞⏤Ꮚ ඹྠ◊✲఍࡟㛵㐃ࡋࡓබ⾲ᐇ⦼࡞ࡋ ◊✲⌜ဨᡤෆ⯪ᒣ ᚭࠊ✄ᮏ Ὀ⏕ࠊ✄ⴥ ✨ࠊ࢘࢕ࢵࢸࣝࣥࠊࢡࣜࢫࢸ࢕࢔ࣥࠊྂ຾ 㝯୍ࠊ୰す ❳ஓࠊ▼ᇉ ᫂㈗ᮯࠊᮤ ⍏Ꮫෆ㉿࢘ࢽࣝ㸦኱Ꮫ㝔ᩥᏛ◊✲⛉㸦㠀ᖖ໅ㅮᖌ㸧 ࠊ୰ᮧ ៅஅ௓㸦ᩥᏛ◊✲⛉㸦㝔⏕㸧 ࠊୖᓥா㸦ᩥᏛ◊✲⛉ Ꮫእ᱒ཎᏕぢ㸦㱟㇂኱Ꮫ㸧ࠊ୰すஂ࿡㸦᪂₲኱Ꮫ㸧ࠊᯇᒸᐶᏊ㸦௖ᩍఏ㐨ᩍ఍㸧ࠊᮧ⏣ࡳ࠾㸦㏆␥኱Ꮫ㸧ࠊ୰す ಇⱥ㸦ᮾ኱ᑎ㸧ࠊἙୖ 㯞⏤Ꮚ㸦ዉⰋዪᏊ኱Ꮫ㸧ࠊᒣ⏣ ࿘㸦ி㒔ᗓ❧኱Ꮫ㸧ඹྠ฼⏝࣭ඹྠ◊✲ࡢཧຍ≧ἣ3 ᮏᖺᗘඹྠ฼⏝࣭ඹྠ◊✲ࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡓㄽᩥᩘ࡞ࡋᮏᖺᗘⓎ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ࢖ࣥࣃࢡࢺࣇ࢓ࢡࢱ࣮ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㐺ᙜ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ศ㔝➼㞧ㄅྡᥖ㍕ㄽᩥᩘ ᥖ㍕ᖺ᭶᪥ ㄽᩥྡᮾ᪉Ꮵሗ 5ࠗฟせᚊ൤࠘శᩥ࡟ぢⓎ⾲⪅ྡ⯪ᒣᚭࡿᱱ௦షᩍࡢ㡢ᑃㄒ ㈝┠ࡢ ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ኱ᖜ࡞ኚ᭦ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓሙྜࡢኚ᭦⌮⏤࡞ࡋ ḟᖺᗘࡢ◊✲ᐇ᪋ィ⏬
ᮏᖺᗘ࡜ྠࡌᡭἲ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪᮶ᖺᗘࡶࠗᗈᘯ᫂㞟࠘࡟཰ࡵࡿᅾᐙ⪅ࡀᇳ➹ࡋࡓ௖ᩍ᭩ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ㸪₎ㄒཎ඾ࡢᰯゞ࣭⌧௦᪥ᮏㄒヂ࣭ㄒὀࢆసᡂࡍࡿ఍ㄞࢆẖᅇ⾜࠺ࠋࡓࡔࡋḟ࡟ࠗᗈᘯ᫂㞟࠘ࡢ࡝ࡢ⟠ᡤࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿ࠿ࡣ㸪ᮏᖺᗘࡢ఍ㄞࡀ⤊஢ࡍࡿ㸱᭶࡟⌜ဨࡀ㞟ࡲࡗ࡚ウㄽࡋ࡚Ỵࡵࡿணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡜ࡾ࠶࠼ࡎㄞࡴࡢࡀỴࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⟠ᡤࡣ㸪ࠗᗈᘯ᫂㞟࠘ᕳ  ࡢᱱࡢṊᖇࠕ᩿㓇⫗ᩥࠖࡢ᭱⤊㒊ศ㸦ᮏᖺᗘ࡟ㄞࡳษࢀࡎ࡟ṧࡿ㒊ศ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋḟᖺᗘࡢ⤒㈝࡞ࡋ ◊✲ᡂᯝබ⾲ィ⏬࠾ࡼࡧ௒ᚋࡢᒎ㛤➼◊✲ᡂᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪୍ᗘ࡟ࡍ࡭࡚ࢆබ⾲ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪఍ㄞࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢ୰࠿ࡽබ㛤ࡋ᫆࠸ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡲࡎࡣᱱࡢṊᖇࠕ᩿㓇⫗ᩥࠖࡢཎᩥᰯゞ࣭⌧௦ㄒヂ࣭ㄒὀࢆࠗᮾ᪉Ꮵሗ࠘ி㒔࡟ᥖ㍕ࡍࡿࡘࡶࡾ࡛࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋࡶ㸪ᖺḟẖ࡟ࠗᮾ᪉Ꮵሗ࠘࡟◊✲ᡂᯝࢆබ⾲ࡍࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ᅄᖺィ⏬ࡢ஧ᖺ┠࡟ᙜࡓࡿᖺ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪୍ᗘ㸪 ᖺᗘ࡟ࡣ๓༙㸰ᖺ࡟఍ㄞࡋࡓ⟠ᡤࡢෆᐜࢆᩚ⌮ࡋ㸪௚ࡢᩥ⊩࡜ࡢෆᐜⓗ㐃ᦠࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿ◊✲఍ࢆࡶࡕࡓ࠸࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ4