多様な対応が求められる動物
医療

環境、福祉、衛生等、様々な関係性を含有する動物との関わりの中、求められる獣医療も変化していく。今、求）JVMAめられる獣医療の様々な対応を明らかにしていく。

《主催》社団法人日本獣医師会（《司会／座長》代表取締役）VR ENGINE「多様な対応が求められる動物医療」）理事／
細井戸 大成氏（社団法人日本獣医師会（ JVMA

株式会社

《演者》

なった家庭動物への対応～」

代表取締役）VR ENGINE「家庭動物医療の現状と今後～家族から社会の一員と）理事／
細井戸 大成氏（社団法人日本獣医師会（ JVMA

株式会社

「生態系の健康を守るための動物医療」

野生動物学教室 准教授）

羽山 伸一氏（日本獣医生命科学大学 獣医学部獣医学科

杉原 未規夫氏（兵庫県健康福祉部 生活消費局 生活衛生

「行政‥特に公衆衛生分野における獣医師」

課 課長補佐兼動物衛生 係長）

横尾 彰氏（全国農業共済協会 企画研修部 次長）「産業動物診療獣医師に求められている主な役割」

Workshop VII
ワークショップ Ⅶ“Coping with Increasing Diversity in the Medical Treatment of
Animals”
Within our complex relationships with animals, which relate directly to the environment, welfare, and hygiene,
the requirements being placed on veterinarian medicine are changing. This workshop will reveal the increasing
diversity needed for handling veterinarian medical treatment.
Organizer: Japan Veterinary Medical Association (JVMA)
MC / Chairperson:“A Wide-Ranging Response is Required in Animal Care”
Taisei HOSOIDO, Veterinarian, Occupational Director, Japan Veterinary Medical Association (JVMA),
President, VR ENGINE Inc.
Speakers:“The Current Situation and Future of “Family Animal” Medical Care ~ A Response to Help Pets Move frombeing Members of the Family to Members of Society ~”Taisei HOSOIDO, Veterinarian, Occupational Director, Japan Veterinary Medical Association (JVMA),
President, VR ENGINE Inc.
“Animal Medical Care for Protecting Ecosystem Health”
Shin-ichi HAYAMA, PhD, Veterinarian, Associate Professor of Wildlife Medicine,
Dept. of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University“Animal Medical Care Requires Diverse Services - Veterinarians in Public Administration, Particularly in the
Public Health Field”
Mikio SUGIHARA, Assistant Department Chief and Animal Health Section Chief, Health and Welfare
Dept., Consumer Affairs Bureau, Public Health Division, Hyogo Prefectural Government“Main Roles Required of Veterinarians Engaged in Farm Animal Practice”
Akira YOKOO, Division for Planning, Research and Training, National Agricultural Insurance Association(NOSAI)

2nd Live Love Animals International Conference on Animal Care in Kobe 2012

119

《主催者および座長メッセージ

ORGANIZER & CHAIR MESSAGE》

多様な対応が求められる動物医療
A Wide-Ranging Response is Required in Animal Care
社団法人日本獣医師会（JVMA）理事／株式会社 VR ENGINE 代表取締役・細井戸 大成

Taisei HOSOIDO, Veterinarian, Occupational Director, Japan Veterinary Medical Association (JVMA),
President, VR ENGINE Inc.

獣医師に対する社会の認識は、時代や地域によって大きく異なる。ただ、どの時代、どの地域においても獣医師の役割は非常に重要であると考える。

生業務など、人の生活や健康に直接関わる任務が獣医師にとって重要なものとして加わってきた。
また、近年では地球環境保全問題における大きなテー

日本の動物医療の歴史において、社会への貢献というマである野生動物への対応、少子高齢化社会における家観点に立つと家庭動物医療が評価を受けるようになった

庭動物の位置づけの変化とそれに対する多様な対応が求のは近年のことである。

められるようになってきている。

社会が獣医師に求めた役割の変遷を振り返ると、20 世

しかし、獣医師の役割が社会に明確に認識されてい紀初頭から前半にかけては軍馬の管理等が獣医師の大きるかを考える上で、動物に関わる多くのことを「獣医療」

な役割であった。

という言葉で大雑把に捉えていることが、かえって獣

そして、戦後の混乱期から復興期にかけて、食料生産と確保、とくに国民への動物性蛋白の供給という点で「畜医師の具体的な役割を社会に伝えづらくしていると思われる。

産振興への寄与＝獣医師の社会貢献」という図式が成立

このワークショップでは、敢えて「獣医療」を「動物していた。昭和の中期から平成の時代にかけては、医薬品、医療」と表記し、野生動物分野における動物医療の在り

衣料品他化学製品の開発や研究、さらに遺伝子研究が進方と意義、公衆衛生分野における獣医師の役割、「産業動み、それら多くの研究への関与、そして、人と動物との物医療」と「家庭動物医療」における獣医師の役割につ

共通感染症の予防と管理や食品衛生管理といった公衆衛

いてそれぞれを担ってきた獣医師から現状の報告を受け、今後の対応を考えてみる。

The social perception of veterinarians has differed substantiallyin different eras and in different regions. However, I thinkthat the role of veterinarians remains extremely important forany era and in every region. Looking at the history of animal
medical care in Japan, from the standpoint of making a social
contribution, it is only in recent years that a high value hascome to be placed on animal medical care.
When we look back at the changes in the roles that society
has required of veterinarians, we see that in the first half ofthe 20th century, their biggest single role was that of warhorsemanagement, etc. Then, from the confusion of the immediate
postwar years to the period of recovery, from the standpoint of
improving food production and food security (and especiallyof providing animal protein in the diet) veterinarians cameto be perceived for the contribution they made to society insupporting the raising of livestock.
From the middle of the Showa Era (circa 1960) and into thepresent Heisei Era (1989~), with the progression of researchand development in the field of chemical products (including
medical products and clothing), and genetic research, the listof important tasks undertaken by veterinarians has come toinclude ‘participation in various researches and tasks directly120

りぶ・らぶ・あにまるず 神戸アニマルケア国際会議 2012

connected to people’s lives and health’. These include thepublic health duties of preventing and controlling zoonotic
infections and controlling food hygiene.
Moreover, in recent years, veterinarians have been required
to respond to matters related to wildlife, which has become amajor theme within the broader issue of preserving the global
environment, as well as to the changing position of family
animals in Japan’s present aging society with its low birthrate.
However, when we consider whether or not the roles ofveterinarians are clearly recognized by society we find that,
due to a tendency to broadly define things related to all kindsof animal matters as “veterinary”, it is rather difficult to convey
the specific roles played by veterinarians to the general public.
In this workshop, we will attempt to describe “veterinary
medical care” as “animal medical care”. We will hear reports
from veterinarians practicing in each field about how animal
medical care should be conducted in the wildlife field (and its
significance), the roles of veterinarians in the public healthfield and in industrial animal medical care, and family animal
medical care under the current situation. From these reports wewill consider possible responses for the future.

家庭動物医療の現状と今後～家族から社会の一員となった家庭動物への対応～
The Current Situation and Future of “Family Animal” Medical Care ~ A Response
to Help Pets Move from being Members of the Family to Members of Society ~社団法人日本獣医師会（JVMA）理事／株式会社 VR ENGINE 代表取締役・細井戸 大成

Taisei HOSOIDO, Veterinarian, Occupational Director, Japan Veterinary Medical Association(JVMA), President, VR ENGINE Inc.

近年、ペットが「家族の一員」「社会の一員」と認識されるようになり、そのペットに対する適切かつ良質な家庭動物医療の提供が強く求められるようになってきた。
その背景には、経済的な成熟を経験し、少子高齢化に向かう
日本社会の暮らしの中で、多くの人々が動物とのふれあいの
中に、心のやすらぎを求めるようになったことが大きいと思われる。
人と動物がふれあうことによって生まれる相互の精神的、肉体的な関わりのことを “ ヒューマン・アニマル・ボンド ”（Human Animal Bond：人と動物の絆）と呼んでいるが、1970 年代より米国のデルタ協会が中心となって、この相互作用を科学的に調査、研究し、それらの効果を広く社会に普及啓発してきた。我が国でもこの HAB を大切にするという理念が、獣医師や動物医療関係者ばかりでなく、ヒトの医療関係者、福祉関係者、教育関係者、そして動物飼育者をはじめ社会の多くの人々の間に広がってきている。
そして、飼育者や社会の認識の中で、ペットが愛玩動物から伴侶動物、そして家庭動物へと変化してきた今、家庭動物医療に対してより多様な対応が求められている。このように多様化する要望に応えるべく、組織的な対応として、各地方獣医師会に所属する獣医師が中心となって、全国各地に「夜間救急診療システム」や「飼育者・ホームドクター・二次診
療施設の 3 者連携による紹介診療システム」が構築されるよ
うになってきた。
また、家庭動物医療を担う獣医師や動物看護師が、病気の治療、予防、定期健診による慢性疾患の早期発見と管理以外にも、家庭動物が「社会の一員」として、地域社会に溶け込み、
幸せに暮らせるように、飼育者に対してしつけやマナーを守ることの重要性を普及啓発するなど、共生社会支援に関する役割を果たしていくも今後、ますます重要になると考える。
すばらしい「人と動物と自然との共生社会」実現こそがこれからの社会に求められる大きな命題であり、まず、身近な家庭動物達が「社会の一員」として多くの人々に認められる
ように飼育者、関係者と共に全力をあげたいと思う。

In recent years, pets have become widely recognized to bemembers of the family and members of society, and this trend
has been accompanied by strong demands to provide pets withappropriate and high-quality “family animal” medical care.

providing family animal medical care. In order to meet suchdiversified requests with an organized response, “nighttime
emergency care systems” and “introductory medical caresystems through cooperation between the three parties of
pet owners, home doctors and secondary care facilities” arebeing established and developed throughout Japan centered onveterinarians who belong to the veterinary associations in eachregion.

In the background, I believe that the main reasons for this arethat, in recent years, people have been living in a more matureeconomic environment. Daily life in Japanese society has beenheading towards a structure based on lower birthrates and an
aging population with the result that many people have begun
to seek peace of mind through interacting with animals.
The kinds of mutual mental and physical involvement that
occur as a result of this interaction are known as human-animal
bonds (HAB). Since the 1970s, various researchers, centeredon the Delta Society, have been scientifically investigating andstudying these mutual effects and popularizing them among thegeneral public as well as in academic circles. In Japan too, theconcept of placing value on HAB has spread to many people
across society, not only in the veterinary and animal medicalcare fields but also to those involved in human medical care,welfare and education, as well as to pet owners.
In recent years, with the recognition of pet owners and ofsociety in general, the status of pets has been changing fromthat of ‘pet animals’ to – so called - ‘companion animals’,
and now to ‘family animals’. In line with this development
the demand has arisen for a more wide-ranging response toAlso, in the future it will become more and more important for
the veterinarians and veterinary nurses that provide medicalcare for family animals to play a role in supporting a convivial
society for the coexistence of people and animals. This needs tobe achieved through such things as popularizing the importanceof pet owners carrying out proper training and teachingmanners (so that the animals they raise can effortlessly coexist with people and live happily as “members of society”),
in addition to providing medical care, preventing diseases anddetecting the presence of chronic diseases at an early stage
through regular examinations.
The realization of a wonderful coexistence between people,
animals and the natural world is a major proposition that will be
required of future society. To begin with, pet owners and otherinterested parties must do their very best, and do so together, toensure that the family animals living among us are recognized
as “members of society” by as many people as possible.

2nd Live Love Animals International Conference on Animal Care in Kobe 2012121

生態系の健康を守るための動物医療
Animal Medical Care for Protecting Ecosystem Health日本獣医生命科学大学 獣医学部獣医学科 野生動物学教室 准教授・羽山伸一

Shin-ichi HAYAMA, PhD, Veterinarian, Associate Professor of Wildlife Medicine,
Dept. of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University

近代化以降、人間と野生動物との関わりに大きな変化

国民はこのような専門家として、あらゆる動物に対応が生じ、大きな社会問題となっている。例えば、野生動している獣医師などの動物医療者に大きな期待を寄せて物による農林水産業や人身への被害、外来動物による生おり、その問題解決は動物医療者の社会的責務と位置づ

態系影響、新興感染症の媒介など、年々、多様化かつ深けられる。これらの社会的要請に応えるべく、日本獣医刻化している。しかし、その一方で多くの野生動物が人師会では 2001 年に野生動物対策委員会を設置し、獣医間の影響で絶滅に瀕しており、その割合や絶滅のスピー師が果たすべき役割や制度改革の方向性などを示してドは、地球の生命史上未曾有のものとなっている。

きた。

こうした一連の問題群を、演者は「野生動物問題」と本講演では、これらの議論をふまえ、野生動物問題の呼び、人間が緊急に解決すべき地球環境問題の重要なテー解決に挑んでいる取り組みを紹介し、あらゆる立場の動マであることを指摘してきた。これらは人間自身の問題

物医療者が野生動物問題へ関わることの意義を語りたい。

であるため、その解決には人間社会の変革が必要であり、同時に野生動物をはじめとする生物学的な深い知識と技術を持った専門家が求められる。

Since the beginning of modernization, the relationshipbetween people and wildlife has undergone a transformationand this in turn has been accompanied by some majorsocial problems. Examples of these problems include
damage to agriculture, forestry and fisheries and physicalinjury to people caused by wild animals, the negative
effects of invasive or introduced species on ecosystems,
and the transmission of emerging infectious diseases bywild animals. Moreover, these problems are growing more
serious year by year. On the other hand, many species ofwild animals are threatened with extinction as a result of
human activity, and both the extinction rates and the speedof those extinctions are unprecedented in the history of lifeon earth.
Collectively, I refer to these problems as “wildlife issues”,
and I would like to point out that they constitute animportant theme that we need to solve in the context ofglobal environmental issues. Since these problems bear
directly on people themselves, changes in human society area prerequisite to achieving their solutions. But at the sametime, they need to be addressed by professionals armed witha detailed knowledge of biology, including knowledge withrespect to wild animals, and also with technology.

122

りぶ・らぶ・あにまるず 神戸アニマルケア国際会議 2012

The public has considerable expectations of animal medicalcare providers such as veterinarians who deal with all kindsof animals in a professional capacity, and these animal
medical care providers are regarded as having a social
obligation to help achieve solutions to various animalrelated issues. In order to respond to social demands of thiskind, the Japan Veterinary Medical Association establisheda Wildlife Management Committee in 2001, and thiscommittee has made recommendations regarding both theroles veterinarians should play and the future direction ofsystemic reforms.
In my talk I would like to introduce some approaches
towards solving wildlife issues based on the JVMA’s
discussions and I would also like to talk about thesignificance of animal medical care providers being
involved with wildlife issues from a variety of standpoints.

行政‥特に公衆衛生分野における獣医師
Animal Medical Care Requires Diverse Services - Veterinarians in Public
Administration, Particularly in the Public Health Field
兵庫県健康福祉部 生活消費局 生活衛生課 課長補佐兼動物衛生 係長・杉原 未規夫

Mikio SUGIHARA, Assistant Department Chief and Animal Health Section Chief, Health andWelfare Dept., Consumer Affairs Bureau, Public Health Division, Hyogo Prefectural Government

行政における獣医師は大きく分けて、農林分野と公衆衛ています。食肉衛生検査センターでは、安全で安心な食肉、生分野に従事しています。私が従事しています公衆衛生分

食鳥肉を提供するため、検査員として検査業務に従事し野には、兵庫県職員として 134 名の獣医師がいます。

ています。また、動物愛護センターでは、ペット動物の公衆衛生分野に獣医師が従事していることにイメージ

愛護とともに、人への侵害防止の観点から業務を実施しがわかない方は数多くおられることと思いますが、そのており、ペットショップ等への立入指導にも従事してい分野は多岐にわたっています。

ます。健康生活科学研究所では、ウィルス、細菌等の各

公衆衛生獣医師の勤務先としては、保健所（健康福祉事務所）、食肉衛生検査センター、動物愛護センター、健康生活科学研究所などがあります。
保健所では、食品衛生分野、環境衛生分野などを主に

種検査・研究を行っています。
さらに、このほどの東北大震災に対し、兵庫県では福島県動物救護本部の活動を支援するため、多くの動物愛護センターの獣医師職員が派遣されました。

担当しており、食品関係施設への立入指導行うとともに、

以上のように、公衆衛生獣医師は、県民の皆様の身近

食中毒の発生防止や発生時の再発防止策に従事していまなところで、安全で安心な暮らしができるよう、多岐にす。環境衛生分野では、理・美容所、旅館等営業施設に渡る分野で獣医師としての知識と経験に基づき携わって対する立入指導を行い、衛生的措置に係る指導等を行っいます。

In public administration, veterinary work is carried out
mainly in the agriculture and forestry field and the publichealth field. In my own field of public health, there are
currently 134 veterinarians on the staff of Hyogo Prefectural
Government.

measures. At meat hygiene inspection centers, in order toensure the safety of meat and poultry for public distribution,
veterinarians are engaged in inspection work as official
inspectors. For animal protection centers, they carry out
their work from the standpoint of protecting pet animals
from harm and preventing animals from harming people,
and their activities include providing on-the-spot training at
pet shops. At life science and health research centers, they
carry out wide-ranging inspections and research into viruses
and bacteria, etc.

I suppose there are a lot of people who are unable tovisualize veterinarians working in public health, but the fact
is they are indeed working in many capacities in this field.
The places where veterinarians in public administration
work include public health centers, meat hygiene inspection
centers, animal protection centers, and life science andhealth research centers.
At public health centers, veterinarians are mainly
responsible for food hygiene and environmental health,etc. They provide on-the-spot training at food-related
facilities and they also work on preventing occurrences
and reoccurrences of food poisoning. In the environmental
health field, they provide workplace training at businessfacilities such as beauty parlors and barbershops, hotels,
etc., and they conduct training concerning hygiene

At the time of the Great East Japan Earthquake, in orderto help support the activities of Fukushima Animal Rescue
Headquarters, Hyogo Prefecture dispatched many of theveterinarian personnel employed at its animal protection
centers to Fukushima Prefecture.
As the above examples illustrate, public health veterinarians
in Hyogo are working in close contact with the public indiverse fields making use of their professional knowledge
and experience in order to improve the safety and securityof the prefecture’s citizens.

2nd Live Love Animals International Conference on Animal Care in Kobe 2012123

産業動物診療獣医師に求められている主な役割
Main Roles Required of Veterinarians Engaged in Farm Animal Practice
全国農業共済協会 企画研修部 次長・横尾 彰

Akira YOKOO, Division for Planning, Research and Training,
National Agricultural Insurance Association (NOSAI)

本ワークショップでは、「多様な対応が求められる動物医療」について、産業動物関係のお話をさせていただきますが、現在、産業動物診療獣医師に求められている主な役割は下表のとおりです。診療獣医師ですからもちろん家畜の診療が中心となりますが、酪農・畜産という食料生産現場を預かっていることから、求められる役割も近年ますます大きなものとなっております。
BSE・口蹄疫の発生や残留医薬品・残留農薬のポジティ
ブリスト制への移行に伴い、畜産食品の安全性を生産現場から担保する獣医師の役割はますます重要となっています。これは、動物用医薬品の適切な使用については、現場の第一線で働く産業動物診療獣医師にしかできないからであり、また、畜主（生産者）に対して、動物用医薬品の休薬期間や使用禁止期間についての情報提供を適切に行うことで安全な生産物を出荷することが可能となるからです。
表

産業動物診療獣医師に求められている主な役割

In line with recent outbreaks of BSE and foot-and-mouthdisease and with the transfer of pharmaceutical residues andpesticide residues to a positive list system, the role playedby veterinarians who can guarantee the safety of livestock
food products is becoming more and more important. This isbecause only the veterinarians engaged in farm animal practice
who work at the farming site can make appropriate use ofanimal-use drugs, and the dispatch of safe products can only
be realized if information about washout periods and drug-use
prohibition periods can be appropriately provided to livestock
owners or producers.
Table: Main Roles Required of Veterinarians Engaged in Farm
Animal Practice

役割

内容

Role

畜産経営の安定家畜の診療・疾病予防、経営相談、後継者対策
従業員教育、関係団体との協力
自給飼料の増産支援

S t a b i l i z a t i o n o f Medical care of livestock and disease
livestock farming.
prevention, management consultation,
successor measures, employee education,
cooperation with concerned bodies, support
for increasing production with self-suppliedfeed.

安 全 で 良 質 な 畜 適切な薬剤の使用産物の安定供給 休薬期間の遵守（ポジティブリスト制）

Ensuring a stable Use of appropriate medicines, maintaining as u p p l y o f s a f e washout period (positive list system).
and good-quality
livestock products.

人 と 動 物 の 共 通 異常家畜の早期発見と適切な対応
感染症防止
関係機関、畜主への情報提供
新 興 再 興 感 染 症 口蹄疫、トリインフルエンザなど現の監視場で起こる異常の発見と関係機関への情報提供
さらに人と動物の共通感染症の多くが産業動物に由来するものとも言われており、日常的に産業動物を診療する獣医師の役割は重要です。
また、口蹄疫や BSE をはじめとする家畜の法定伝染病や届出伝染病などの監視伝染病への対応については、現場の第一線で働く産業動物獣医師が発見し家畜保健衛生所に通報することが、その対策への第一歩となっています。

In this workshop we are going to talk about veterinary practicewith respect to farm animals, which is something that requires
a wide range of responses. At present, the main roles required124

of veterinarians engaged in farm animal practice are as shownin the following table. Since these are practicing veterinarians,
naturally their work centers on the medical care of livestock,
but because these veterinarians are also involved in various
food production activities that come under the heading of ‘dailyhusbandry’ or ‘animal husbandry’, the roles they are required toplay have been growing steadily larger over the past few years.

りぶ・らぶ・あにまるず 神戸アニマルケア国際会議 2012

Details

Preventing common
infections that arecommon to people
and animals.

Early detection of infected livestock
and appropriate treatment, providing
information to concerned organizations andlivestock owners.

Supervision of
emerging and reemerging infectious
diseases.

Discovering abnormalities at the farming
site, such as foot-and-mouth disease, avian
influenza, etc., and informing concernedorganizations.

Moreover, many infections that are common to people and animals
are said to originate in farm animals, so the role of veterinarians in
examining farm animals on a daily basis is important.
In addition, regarding the response when monitoring infectious
diseases such as those designated as infectious by law (andrequiring official reporting) and when reporting communicablediseases, etc., including foot-and-mouth disease and BSE, thefirst step in taking effective countermeasures is for the farmanimal veterinarian who works on the frontline at the farmingsite to discover the infection and report it to the Livestock
Hygiene Service Center.