2GTHQTOCPEGGXCNWCVKQPTGUGCTEJQPVGEJPQNQI[QHVJGUGYCIGUNWFIGFT[KPIWUKPICPQKNDCVJWPFGTFKOKPKUJGFRTGUUWTG
Fukuoka Prefectural Govement Department of Structures and Urban Planning
Division of Sewer Infrastructure
A Subsection Chief of Regional Sewerage System KAZUTAKA NOGAMI
SpeakerJapan Institute of Wastewater Engineering Technology (JIWET)
1st Research department Researcher SHIGERU IKARUGI +PVTQFWEVKQPIn Fukuoka Prefecture, effective use and the recycling of the sewage sludge were
examined in consideration of an increase of the amount of the sewage sludge
generation according to the progress of wastewater facilities. Stable disposal andthe global environment maintenance of the sewage sludge were done to theexamination by the purpose.
Then, Fukuoka Prefecture paid attention to the technology of the sewage sludge
drying using an oil bath under diminished pressure, and executed a joint researchof this technology with JIWET.
This technology dries the one that the dewatered sludge was mixed withcooking oil waste. This technology heats the sewage sludge below the atmosphericpressure, and manufactures dried sludge of about 3.0% of the rate of the include
water. The calorific value can be high because oil is contained, and this driedsludge is expected to be used effectively as associate Mo material in the cement
manufacturing and an alternate fuel such as coal.
The practical use research was done in 1996 fiscal year, and the design parameterof the real equipment was set. Equipment was constructed in 2002 fiscal year, andthe proof driving investigation was executed as a performance evaluation
research that had used equipment in 2003 fiscal year.
This time, the performance evaluation research is announced.

 6GEJPQNQIKECNQWVNKPG
 2TKPEKRNGQHFT[PGUU
Fig.1 shows the concept chart of the technology of sewage sludge drying using an
oil bath under diminished pressure.
1) The cooking oil waste is mixed with the dewatered sludge in device.
2) It decompresses to about -40kPa in device, and the compound of oil and sludge
is heated with steam. The cooking oil wastes plays heat transfer medium'srole, and evaporates moisture in dewatered sludge.
3) The amount of sludge loses weight to about 1/3. (Refer to Fig. 2)
1- 217 -

- Because it decompresses in the device, and the boiling point of water islowered to about 85͠, the deterioration of the cooking oil wastes can be
decreased, and oil is used repeatedly.
䋺Cooking oil wastes

Decompression

䋺Dry䇭Sorids
䋺WaterEvaporation water

Heat (steam)㽲 before drying

㽳 drying

㽴 after drying

Fig.1 Image of dry principle㪺㫆㫆㫂㫀㫅㪾㩷㫆㫀㫃㩷㫎㪸㫊㫋㪼㫊䋳䋵䋦㪤㫆㫀㫊㫋㫌㫉㪼
䋸䋰䋦䋶䋸㪤㫆㫀㫊㫋㫌㫉㪼
䋳䋦

䋱䋰䋰

䋱䋰䋰
㪛㫉㫐㩷㪪㫆㫃㫀㪻䋲䋰䋦㪛㫉㫐㩷㪪㫆㫃㫀㪻䋶䋳䋦㪛㪼㫎㪸㫋㪼㫉㪼㪻㫊㫃㫌㪻㪾㪼

㪛㫉㫀㪼㪻㩷㫊㫃㫌㪻㪾㪼䋳䋲

Fig.2 Volume reduction image of sewage sludge
 $CUKEHNQYQHVJKUGSWKROGPV
Fig.3 shows the flow of the system of this technology. The processing of thistechnology is a batch type, the ability to process the dewatered sludge of 10
ton-wet times is possessed, and the amount of dewatered sludge disposal each day
is 90t-wet/day.
2- 218 -

1) The dewatered sludge of 10 ton-wet and medium oil 7m3 are mixed in sludge
mixing tank, oil is distributed in dewatered sludge, and it turns it on to thesludge dryer through pre-heating tank.
2) It is decompressed to -40kPa in sludge dryer, and the dewatered sludge isheated, and moisture evaporates. The evaporating moisture becomescondensation water after it cools with the condenser via mist separator, and isprocessed as recycle flow water.
3) The compound of dried sludge and the medium oil is separated to dried sludge
and oil with oil separator. The separating oil is refined further with the oil
re-separation machine, and recycled as medium oil.
4) The dried sludge after oil is separated is cooled by the cooling machine and isdone to the dried sludge hopper.

㽼
㽹

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䋳
㩷㪈㪐䌭

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㽸㪦㫀㫃㩷㫊㫋㫆㫉㪸㪾㪼
㫋㪸㫅㫂

㩷㪊㪌䌭䋳

㪺㫐㫃㫀㫅㪻㪼㫉㩷㫋㫐㫇㪼㩷㪉㪐䌭䋳㽵㪦㫀㫃㩷㫊㪼㫇㪸㫉㪸㫋㫆㫉㩿㫋㪿㪼㩷㪈㫊㫋㩷㫊㫋㪸㪾㪼㪀㽶㪦㫀㫃㩷㫊㪼㫇㪸㫉㪸㫋㫆㫉㩿㫋㪿㪼㩷㪉㫅㪻㩷㫊㫋㪸㪾㪼㪀㪺㪼㫅㫋㫉㫀㪽㫌㪾㪸㫃㩷䌳㪼㫇㪸㫉㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㪃㩷㪹㪸㫊㫂㪼㫋㩷㫋㫐㫇㪼䋳㩷㪋䌭 㪆㩷㪿㫉

㪺㪼㫅㫋㫉㫀㪽㫌㪾㪸㫃㩷㫊㪼㫇㪸㫉㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅䇭㪎䌭䋳㪆㪿㫉

㽼㪺㫆㫄㪹㫌㫊㫋㫀㫆㫅㪽㫌㫉㫅㪸㪺㪼

㽴㪪㫃㫌㪻㪾㪼㩷㪻㫉㫐㪼㫉㫆㫀㫃㩷㪹㪸㫋㪿㩷㪼㫍㪸㫇㫆㫉㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫌㫅㪻㪼㫉㩷㪻㫀㫄㫀㫅㫀㫊㪿㪼㪻㩷㫇㫉㪼㫊㫊㫌㫉㪼㪐㪇㫋㩷㩿㫎㪼㫋㩷㪹㪸㫊㪼㪀㩷㪆㩷㪛㪸㫐䋲㪿㪼㪸㫋㫀㫅㪾㩷㫊㫌㫉㪽㪸㪺㪼㩷㪸㫉㪼㪸㪑㩷㪈㪐㪏䌭

㽹

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㽻

㪤㪸㫀㫅㩷㪹㫆㫀㫃㪼㫉㪚㫆㫅㪻㪼㫅㫊㪼㫉㪭㪸㪺㫌㫌㫄㩷㫇㫌㫄㫇㪽㫌㫉㫅㪸㪺㪼㩷㫋㫌㪹㫌㫃㪸㫉㩷㪹㫆㫀㫃㪼㫉㫉㪼㪻㫌㪺㪼㪻㩷㪸㫄㫆㫌㫅㫋㩷㫆㪽㪼㫍㪸㫇㫆㫉㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㪑㩷㪈㪉㩷㫋㩷㪆㪿㫉㫄㫌㫃㫋㫀㫋㫌㪻㪼㩷㪿㪼㪸㫋㪼㫏㪺㪿㪸㫅㪾㪼㫉㩷㪿㪼㪸㫋㫀㫅㪾㫊㫌㫉㪽㪸㪺㪼㩷㪸㫉㪼㪸㪑㩷㪉㪌㪎䌭䋲㫎㪸㫋㪼㫉㩷㫁㪼㫋㩷㫋㫐㫇㪼㫉㪸㫋㪼㩷㫆㪽㩷㪼㫍㪸㪺㫌㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㪑䋳㪐㪅㪎䌭 㪆㫄㫀㫅Fig.3 Plant equipment flow3
- 219 -

㪻㫀㫉㪼㪺㫋㩷㪹㫌㫉㫅㫀㫅㪾㩷㫎㫀㫋㪿㩷㪽㫌㪼㫃㪺㫆㫄㪹㫌㫊㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫉㪸㫋㪼㪑䋳㪋㪇㩷䌭 㪆㫄㫀㫅 %QPVGPVQHRGTHQTOCPEGGXCNWCVKQPTGUGCTEJ
&T[RGTHQTOCPEGA dry performance of this equipment is investigated. Tab.1 shows the dry
performance target of this research.

Tab.1 Dry performance target

Processing
condition

Quality ofdried sludge

Sludge of processed object

Digested sludge

Moisuture content㧔㧑㧕

80

Amount of processing of dewateredsludge㧔t-wet㧛batch㧕

10䇭㶎

Dry time 㧔min㧕

120

Mixture ratio of heat medium oil㧟㧔㨙 /t-wet㧕

0.6㨪0.8

Moisuture content㧔㧑㧕㻍3

Cooking oil waste content㧔㧑㧕

30㨪40

higher calorific value㧔kJ/kg-DS㧕㻍20,000

㶎䋮90䌴-wet䋯Day'EQPQO[The amount of the energy use of this equipment for the driving period is arranged,
and the utility cost and the administrative and maintenance cost per the turningon dewatered sludge are calculated.
 2QUUKDKNKV[QHGHHGEVKXGWUGHQTUGYCIGFTKGFUNWFIGProperties of the dried sludge manufactured from this equipment are comparedwith other biomasses, and best, effective use is examined.

4- 220 -

 4GUWNVQHRGTHQTOCPEGGXCNWCVKQPTGUGCTEJ
&T[RGTHQTOCPEGTab.2 shows the investigation result of every the season. Moreover, theaccumulation frequency is shown in Fig.4 about the water content of dried sludge
at each time. The water content of dried sludge falls below target value (3%), andcan produce dried sludge without trouble for change of the water content(79㨪
86%) of the dewatered sludge.
Tab.2 Dry performance result
Time

Investigation result
Investigation item

Apr-03

Sludge of processed object

Nov-03Jan-04

Digested sludge

Moisuture content㧔㧑㧕

Processing Amount of processing of dewateredsludge㧔t-wet㧛batch㧕
condition
Dry time 㧔min㧕

80㨪84

79㨪82

81㨪82

81㨪86

10

10

10

10

0.64㨪0.75 0.64㨪0.69 0.65㨪0.69 0.64㨪0.69

Mixture ratio of heat medium oil㧟㧔㨙 /t-wet㧕









Moisuture content㧔㧑㧕

0.9㨪4.2

0.5㨪1.5

0.5㨪1.5

0.4㨪1.7

Cooking oil waste content㧔㧑㧕

34

37

36

34

higher calorific value㧔kJ/kg-DS㧕䋭

20,000䋭㪉㪉㪃㪈㪇㪇

Quality ofdried
sludge⚥Ⓧ㗫ᐲ
Accumulation frequency

Aug-03













03
䂾䊶䊶䊶Apr -㧠᦬- 03䂓䊶䊶䊶Aug 㧤᦬- 03䂹䊶䊶䊶Nov ᦬
04䂥䊶䊶䊶Jan -㧝᦬㩷㪇㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㪈㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㪉㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㪊㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㪋㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㪌㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㪍







ᴤ᷷ੇ῎ᳪᵆ฽᳓₸
sludge Moisuture content㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 Dried䋨䋦䋩
Fig.4 Accumulation frequency distribution of dried sludge moistureat the four seasons
5- 221 -

㪌㪇㩼୯
㪐㪇㩼୯
㪈㪅㪏
㪟㪈㪌㪅㪋
㪉㪅㪍
㪇㪅㪎
㪟㪈㪌㪅㪏
㪇㪅㪐
㪈㪅㪈
㪟㪈㪌㪅㪈㪈
㪈㪅㪋
㪈㪅㪉
㪟㪈㪍㪅㪈
㪈㪅㪌

'EQPQO[Tab.3 shows the trial calculation result of the cost of construction and integrated
maintenance cost necessary to process the dewatered sludge by 1ton-wet.
In Mikasagawa treatment center, a digestive gas of the sewage sludge origin isused as substitution of necessary kerosene for the heat source of dryness.
Therefore, the utility cost can be suppressed to low.
Cost to process
dewatered sludge by 1t-wet

Cost item

construction

Maintenancemanagement䎂㪆䌴㪄㫎㪼㫋

€㩷㪆䌴㪄㫎㪼㫋

Civil engineeringand construction¥1,069㪎㪅㪈㪎㩷͐

Plant machine¥8,725㪌㪏㪅㪌㪍㩷͐

Plant electrical¥1,379㪐㪅㪉㪍㩷͐

Subtotal Ԙ¥11,173㪎㪋㪅㪐㪐㩷͐

Utility¥4,350㪉㪐㪅㪈㪐㩷͐Labor¥2,224㪈㪋㪅㪐㪊㩷͐

Normal shutdown¥2,107

㪈㪋㪅㪈㪋㩷͐

Subtotal 㽳¥8,681㪌㪏㪅㪉㪍㩷͐¥19,854㪈㪊㪊㪅㪉㪌㩷͐

Integrated cost‫ޓ‬Ԙ㧗ԙ㶎䋮Equipment driving time 䋺 䋲䋴䌨䌲䋯Day
㶎䋮The equipment life 䋺 䋱䋰Years2QUUKDKNKV[QHGHHGEVKXGWUGHQTUGYCIGFTKGFUNWFIG %QORCTKUQPYKVJQVJGTDKQOCUUGU
Tab.4 shows the result of comparing other typical biomasses of the sewage
sludge system, the wood system, and the food waste system with driedsludge. The feature of dried sludge manufactured from this equipment isshown below.
٤ Because this dried sludge contains oil, higher calorific value is higher thanother biomasses. Moreover, higher calorific value for each supplied ash
content is higher than the carbonization sewage sludge when seeing in theindex of HCV/AC(3㨪10 times).
٤ This dried sludge is high organic, and meets a quality as the fertilizer and an

official standard of Japan concerning safety.
6- 222 -

Tab.4 Comparison with other biomasses
Analysis result
Biomass
Sewagesludge䌫㪡䋯㫂䌧㪄㪛㪪
Dried 䌳䌬䌵䌤䌧䌥㶎
Carbonization
sewage sludge

MoisutureAshcontent
content䌫㪺㪸㫃䋯㫂䌧㪄㪛㪪䋦䋦㪄㪛㪪

Higher calorific value㨪

㨪 㨪㪏㪃㪇㪇㪇䌾㪏㪃㪉㪇㪇 㪈㪃㪐㪈㪈䌾㪈㪃㪐㪌㪐%JNQTKPG
EQPVGPV㫄䌧䋯㫂䌧*%8㧛#%̪
㫂䌊䋯㫂䌧





㨪

䋭

㪎㪋䌾㪏㪌

䋭

㪐㪋䌾㪈㪈㪈

Carbonization
woods waste㪐㪃㪋㪍㪇䌾
㪈㪈㪃㪈㪊㪌

㪉㪃㪉㪍㪇䌾㪉㪃㪍㪍㪇䋭㪇㪅㪊䌾㪊㪅㪌

㪊㪐䌾㪈㪐㪇

㪉㪃㪎㪇㪊䌾
㪊㪎㪃㪈㪈㪎

Carbonization
construction waste㨪

㨪

㧙㨪 㨪㨪


Carbonization food waste㪈㪊㪃㪌㪉㪈䌾
㪈㪌㪃㪐㪐㪈

㪊㪃㪉㪊㪇䌾㪊㪃㪏㪉㪇䋭㪊㪏㪅㪈䌾㪋㪈㪅㪏㪈㪊㪃㪇㪇㪇䌾
㪈㪎㪃㪇㪇㪇

㪊㪉㪊䌾㪋㪉㪇

Coal (reference value)

26,000

6,211

9.05

20

䋭

1,300

Wood
waste

㶎䋮HCV䋯AC 䋺䇭Higher calorific value䋯Ash content
㶎䋮Dried sludge 䋺䇭Sewage sludge processed by sludge drying using a oil bath under diminished pressure 'HHGEVQHJGCVVTCRRKPIICUTGFWEVKQPAt first, the profit use as a biomass fuel has been paid to attention as for the
research beginning in recent years though this dried sludge put use in the
cement manufacturing process as associate Mo material in view.
Therefore, the effect of the reduction of the heat-trapping gas of threemethods (the green farmland use, the alternative fossil fuel use, and thecement raw material and supplementary fuel use) was provisionallycalculated. Fig.5 shows the trial calculation result.
 The amount of the exhaust reduction is a little because the heat-trapping gas
٤of about 11ton-CO2/ day is generated to manufacture dried sludge at thegreen farmland use, and the amount of the exhaust increases.
٤ The amount of the reduction is large because it is assumed the substitution of
the resource with large amount of the heat-trapping gas exhaust such as thefossil fuels if it uses it as the alternative fossil fuel use, and cement raw
material and supplementary fuel use. Therefore, the amount of theheat-trapping gas reduction exceeds the amount of the heat-trapping gas
exhaust when driving and constructing it. (Reduce by the alternative fossil
fuel use during 45ton-CO2/day. Reduce by the cement raw material andsupplementary fuel use during 36ton-CO2/day.) However, because the amountof the heat-trapping gas exhaust according to manufacturing dried sludge
increases when a digestive gas is not used, the effect of the reduction becomes
small. Therefore, effective use for a digestive gas is important to enable theeffect of the reduction of a bigger heat-trapping gas.

7
- 223 -

㪍㪇㪅㪇
㪌㪈㪅㪍
㪌㪇㪅㪇
㪋㪉㪅㪎

䌴㪄䌃䌏 䋲 䋯㪛㪸䌹





























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㪇㪅㪇

#NVGTPCVKXGHQUUKNHWGN)TGGPHCTONCPF%GOGPVTCYOCVGTKCNCPFUWRRNGOGPVCT[HWGN

㪘㫄㫆㫌㫅㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㪼㫏㪿㪸㫌㫊㫋㩷㫉㪼㪻㫌㪺㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪹㫐㩷㪼㪽㪽㪼㪺㫋㫀㫍㪼㩷㫌㫊㪼㩷㽲㪘㫄㫆㫌㫅㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㪼㫏㪿㪸㫌㫊㫋㩷㪸㪺㪺㫆㫉㪻㫀㫅㪾㩷㫋㫆㩷㪽㪸㪺㫀㫃㫀㫋㫀㪼㫊㩷㪻㫉㫀㫍㫀㫅㪾㪃㩷㪽㪸㪺㫀㫃㫀㫋㫀㪼㫊㩷㪺㫆㫅㫊㫋㫉㫌㪺㫋㫀㫆㫅㪃㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪽㪸㪺㫀㫃㫀㫋㫀㪼㫊㩷㪸㪹㪸㫅㪻㫆㫅㫄㪼㫅㫋㽳㪜㪽㪽㪼㪺㫋㫀㫍㪼㩷㫌㫊㪸㪾㪼㪘㫄㫆㫌㫅㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㪿㪼㪸㫋㪄㫋㫉㪸㫇㫇㫀㫅㪾㩷㪾㪸㫊䋨䌴㪄㪚㪦䋲䋯ᣣ䋩㪞㫉㪼㪼㫅㩷㪽㪸㫉㫄㫃㪸㫅㪻㩷㫌㫊㪼㪘㫃㫋㪼㫉㫅㪸㫋㫀㫍㪼㩷㪽㫆㫊㫊㫀㫃 㪚㪼㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㫉㪸㫎㩷㫄㪸㫋㪼㫉㫀㪸㫃㪸㫅㪻㩷㫊㫌㫇㫇㫃㪼㫄㪼㫅㫋㪸㫉㫐㩷㪽㫌㪼㫃㩷㫌㫊㪼㪽㫌㪼㫃㩷㫌㫊㪼

㪘㫄㫆㫌㫅㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㪼㫏㪿㪸㫌㫊㫋㩷㫉㪼㪻㫌㪺㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪹㫐㩷㪼㪽㪽㪼㪺㫋㫀㫍㪼㩷㫌㫊㪼㩷㽲

㪉㪅㪌

㪌㪈㪅㪍

㪋㪉㪅㪎

㪘㫄㫆㫌㫅㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㪼㫏㪿㪸㫌㫊㫋㩷㪸㪺㪺㫆㫉㪻㫀㫅㪾㩷㫋㫆㩷㪽㪸㪺㫀㫃㫀㫋㫀㪼㫊㩷㪻㫉㫀㫍㫀㫅㪾㪃㪽㪸㪺㫀㫃㫀㫋㫀㪼㫊㩷㪺㫆㫅㫊㫋㫉㫌㪺㫋㫀㫆㫅㪃㩷㪸㫅㪻㪽㪸㪺㫀㫃㫀㫋㫀㪼㫊㩷㪸㪹㪸㫅㪻㫆㫅㫄㪼㫅㫋㽳

㪍㪅㪍

㪍㪅㪍

㪍㪅㪍

㪘㫄㫆㫌㫅㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㫀㫅㫋㪼㪾㫉㪸㫋㪼㪻㩷㪿㪼㪸㫋㪄㫋㫉㪸㫇㫇㫀㫅㪾㪾㪸㫊㩷㪼㫏㪿㪸㫌㫊㫋䋨㽳䋭㽲䋩

㪋㪅㪈

㪄㪋㪌㪅㪇

㪄㪊㪍㪅㪈

Fig.5 Effect of heat-trapping gas reduction

 5WOOCT[QHRGTHQTOCPEGGXCNWCVKQPTGUGCTEJ
To achieve the heat-trapping gas reduction target of Japan in the Kyoto Protocol*,energy conservation, new energy, and the progress of other reduction strategies
are needed more than before. Then, to achieve the target, the RPS law * wasenforced in Japan. The RPS law is a content in the law enforced aiming at the newenergy spread in 2003 that obligates more than a constant ratio to be used against
an electric entrepreneur as for the electricity obtained from new energy etc.
Especially, the amount of the introduction of crude oil conversion 19,100M liter is
expected about new energy in fiscal year 2010. (integrated resource energy
investigation committee report in July, 2001)㨫
New energy etc. that become objects are a photovoltaic generations, wind power8- 224 -

generation, biomass power generations, small-scale hydro-power, and thegeothermal power generations. This dried sludge is a biomass with the usage tomany fields like a green farmland, thermal energy, and the cement raw material
and associate Mo material, etc. as well as other biomasses. Especially, because thecooking oil waste (medium oil) is contained, calorific values are higher than otherbiomasses. Moreover, the mineral is few. Because it is a carbon neutral, thereduction in the amount of the heat-trapping gas exhaust can be expected.
Therefore, it is a biotechnology solid fuel excellent as the substitution of the fossil
fuel. The above-mentioned background exists, and attention is paid to this driedsludge by the electric power entrepreneur. Power generation that uses the fuelthat mixes coal with this dried sludge in Matsuura coal-fired power station(J-POWER) is done now. The mixture ratio of this dried sludge to coal is 1%, andpower generation is done without trouble. Two equipment of output 1,000MW is
set up in the Matsuura coal-fired power station, and consumption is about 4.4
million tons a year. Therefore, this approach has reduced the consumption of thecoal of about 44,000 tons a year. That is, the heat-trapping gas of about 110,000
tons a year will have been reduced. (Conversion value of CO2)
There is a big role that wastewater facilities are a hydrologic cycle. Wastewater
facilities in addition to the role is expected to reduce sewage sludge collected fromeach home to the society as a biomass energy resource.
It is expected that this research can contribute to the effective profit use of the
sewage sludge.
̪ Kyoto Protocol(Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change): The Kyoto Protocol is a protocol resolved in Kyoto Conference on

Climate Change (the 3rd Framework Convention on Climate Change Conference of
the Parties and COP3) opened in Kyoto City (Japan) in 1997 based on Framework
Convention on Climate Change.

̪RPS law(Renewable Portfolio Standard law) : In the law enforced aiming at the
new energy spread in 2003, it is a content that obligates more than a constant ratio to
be used against an electric entrepreneur as for the electricity obtained from newenergy etc.

9- 225 -

- 226 -

1/22

3/22

The technology of sewage sludge drying
using an oil bath under diminished pressure䂾 Possibility of Stable sludge disposal䂾 Possibility of recycling sewage sludge
䂾 Contribution to global environment(2) BackgroundExamination problem in Fukuoka Prefecture
An increase of the amount of the sewage
sludge generation according to the progressof wastewater facilities

1.Introduction

1st Research Department
Researcher SHIGERU IKARUGIJapan Institute of Wastewater
Engineering Technology

Performance evaluation researchon technology of the sewage
sludge drying using an oil bathunder diminished pressureTokyo

Fukuoka
Prefecture

2/22

Fukuoka
Prefecture
4/22

The technology of sewage sludge drying
using an oil bath under diminished pressure

in MIKASAGAWA treatment center

Kyoto

٨

㻍㪎㪇㩼

Start of a joint research

1.Introduction

٨

Osaka

٨
䃂

㻍㪌㪃㪇㪌㪇㪃㪇㪇㪇㪧㫆㫇㫌㫃㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㪧㪼㫉㪺㪼㫅㫋㪸㪾㪼㩷㫆㪽㫊㪼㫎㪼㫉㪼㪻㩷㫇㫆㫇㫌㫃㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅

Fukuoka Prefecture data

(1) Fukuoka Prefecture position

1.Introduction

- 227 -㻍100䌭㪛㫉㫐㩷㪪㫆㫃㫀㪻䋶䋳䋦㪛㫉㫀㪼㪻㩷㫊㫃㫌㪻㪾㪼㪛㫉㫐㩷㪪㫆㫃㫀㪻䋲䋰䋦㪛㪼㫎㪸㫋㪼㫉㪼㪻㫊㫃㫌㪻㪾㪼

䋱䋰䋰㪤㫆㫀㫊㫋㫌㫉㪼
䋳䋦

䋳䋲

䋶䋸

Fig.2 Volume reduction image of sewage sludge䋱䋰䋰㪤㫆㫀㫊㫋㫌㫉㪼
䋸䋰䋦㪺㫆㫆㫂㫀㫅㪾㩷㫆㫀㫃㩷㫎㪸㫊㫋㪼㫊䋳䋵䋦(2) Volume reduction image

2.Technological outline

7/22

5/22

㫊㫀㫅㪺㪼㩷㪈㪐㪎㪌㪈㪏㪅㪈㪿㪸

㪣㫆㫋㩷㪸㫉㪼㪸
㪬㫊㪼㩷㪹㪼㪾㫀㫅㫅㫀㫅㪾㪉㪐㪌㪃㪇㪇㪇㫄㪊㪆㪛㪸㫐㻍㪎㪇㪇㪃㪇㪇㪇

㪪㪼㫎㪼㫉㪼㪻㩷㫇㫆㫇㫌㫃㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㫀㫅㩷㫋㫉㪼㪸㫋㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㪸㫉㪼㪸㪘㫄㫆㫌㫅㫋㩷㫆㪽㫎㪸㫊㫋㪼㫎㪸㫋㪼㫉㩷㫀㫅㪽㫃㫌㪼㫅㫋

Fig MIKASAGAWA treatment center

Sludge treatment area

Wastewater treatment area㽳 drying

Evaporation water㽲㪪㫃㫌㪻㪾㪼㩷㫄㫀㫏㫀㫅㪾㫋㪸㫅㫂㽷㪛㫉㫀㪼㪻㩷㫊㫃㫌㪻㪾㪼㪿㫆㫇㫇㪼㫉

㽸

㽵

㽶

㽻

䃂

㽷

㽺
㪚㫆㫅㪻㪼㫅㫊㪼㫉㽹㪤㪸㫀㫅㩷㪹㫆㫀㫃㪼㫉㪪㫃㫌㪻㪾㪼㩷㪻㫉㫐㪼㫉㽴㪭㪸㪺㫌㫌㫄㩷㫇㫌㫄㫇㽵㪦㫀㫃㩷㫊㪼㫇㪸㫉㪸㫋㫆㫉㩿㫋㪿㪼㩷㪈㫊㫋㩷㫊㫋㪸㪾㪼㪀
㽻

䃂

6/22

8/22

㽶
㪦㫀㫃㩷㫊㪼㫇㪸㫉㪸㫋㫆㫉㩿㫋㪿㪼㩷㪉㫅㪻㩷㫊㫋㪸㪾㪼㪀㽼㪺㫆㫄㪹㫌㫊㫋㫀㫆㫅㪽㫌㫉㫅㪸㪺㪼

㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㪺㫆㫆㫂㫀㫅㪾㩷㫆㫀㫃㩷㫎㪸㫊㫋㪼㫊䇭㫃㫀㫅㪼㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㫊㫋㪼㪸㫄䇭㫃㫀㫅㪼㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㪼㫍㪸㫇㫆㫉㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫄㫆㫀㫊㫋㫌㫉㪼㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪻㫉㫐㩷㪼㫏㪿㪸㫌㫊㫋㩷㫃㫀㫅㪼㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㫊㫃㫌㪻㪾㪼䇭㫃㫀㫅㪼

㽴

㽺

㽼

Fig.3 Plant equipment flow㽳㪧㫉㪼㪄㪿㪼㪸㫋㫀㫅㪾㫋㪸㫅㫂㽸㪦㫀㫃㩷㫊㫋㫆㫉㪸㪾㪼
㫋㪸㫅㫂

㽳

㽹

(3) Basic flow of this equipment

2.Technological outline

㽲㽴 after drying

Heat (steam)- 40䌫Pa

Decompression

Fig.1 Image of dry principle

㽲 before drying

䋺Water䋺Dry䇭Sorids

䋺Cooking oil(1) Principle of dryness

2.Technological outline

- 228 -㫆㫀㫃㩷㪹㪸㫋㪿㩷㪼㫍㪸㫇㫆㫉㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㫌㫅㪻㪼㫉㩷㪻㫀㫄㫀㫅㫀㫊㪿㪼㪻㩷㫇㫉㪼㫊㫊㫌㫉㪼㪈㪐㪏䌭䋲㪛㫀㪾㪼㫊㫋㪼㪻㩷㪻㪼㫎㪸㫋㪼㫉㪼㪻㫊㫃㫌㪻㪾㪼
㪐㪇㫋㫆㫅㪄㫎㪼㫋㩷㪆㩷㪛㪸㫐㩿㪈㪇㫋㪄㫎㪼㫋㩷㪆㩷㪹㪸㫋㪺㪿㪀㪉㪋㪿㫉㩷㪆㩷㪛㪸㫐㩿㪐㪹㪸㫋㪺㪿㩷㪆㩷㪛㪸㫐㪀㪟㪼㪸㫋㫀㫅㪾㩷㫊㫌㫉㪽㪸㪺㪼㩷㪸㫉㪼㪸㪧㫉㫆㪺㪼㫊㫊㫀㫅㪾㩷㫆㪹㫁㪼㪺㫋㪘㫄㫆㫌㫅㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㫇㫉㫆㪺㪼㫊㫊㫀㫅㪾㪛㫉㫀㫍㫀㫅㪾㩷㫋㫀㫄㪼Spec
㪤㫆㪻㪼㫃㩷㫆㪽㩷㪻㫉㫐㪼㫉

3.3 Possibility of effective use

3.2 Economy

3.1 Dry performance

11/22

Moisuture content㧔㧑㧕㻍20,000

higher calorific value㧔kJ/kg-DS㧕

㻍3

Moisuture content㧔㧑㧕30㨪40

0.6㨪0.8

Cooking oil waste content㧔㧑㧕

120

Dry time 㧔min㧕

10䇭㶎

80

Digested sludge

Mixture ratio of heat medium oil㧟㧔㨙 /t-wet㧕

Amount of processing of dewateredsludge㧔t-wet㧛batch㧕

㶎.90ton-wet/Day

Quality ofdried sludge

Processing
condition

Sludge of processed object

Tab.1 Dry performance target

12/22

3. Performance evaluation research Content

3. Performance evaluation research Content

3.1 Dry performance

10/22

㻍20,000

30㨪40

㻍3

Quality of dried sludge

Moisuture content
㧔㧑㧕Cooking oil waste
content㧔㧑㧕higher calorific value
㧔kJ/kg-DS㧕

Fig. Dried sludge

2.Technological outline

9/22

Fig. Sludge dryer

2.Technological outline

13/22


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







㪌㪇㩼୯
▸࿐
㪐㪇㩼୯
㪛㫉㫀㪼㪻㩷㫊㫃㫌㪻㪾㪼㩷㫄㫆㫀㫊㫌㫋㫌㫉㪼㩷㪺㫆㫅㫋㪼㫅㫋䋨䋦䋩㪈㪅㪏㪟㪈㪌㪅㪋㪌㪇㩼䌾 㪤㪸㫏㪋㪅㪉㪐㪇㩼㪇㪅㪐 㪤㫀㫅
㪉㪅㪍
㫍㪸㫃㫌㪼
㪦㪺㪺㫌㫇㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫍㪸㫃㫌㪼㪦㪺㪺㫌㫇㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫍㪸㫃㫌㪼 㫍㪸㫃㫌㪼㪘㫇㫉㩷㩾㪇㪊䌾 㪋㪅㪉㪇㪅㪎 㪉㪅㪍
㪟㪈㪌㪅㪏㪈㪅㪏㪇㪅㪌 㪇㪅㪐䌾 㪈㪅㪌㪘㫌㪾㩷㩾㪇㪊㪇㪅㪎 㪇㪅㪐 㪇㪅㪐㪇㪅㪌 䌾 㪈㪅㪌㪥㫆㫍㩷㩾㪇㪊㪈㪅㪈 㪈㪅㪈 㪈㪅㪋㪇㪅㪏 䌾 㪈㪅㪍㪟㪈㪌㪅㪈㪈㪇㪅㪏 䌾 㪈㪅㪍㪡㪸㫅㩷㩾㪇㪋㪈㪅㪉 㪈㪅㪋 㪈㪅㪌㪇㪅㪋 䌾 㪈㪅㪌㪈㪅㪉㪟㪈㪍㪅㪈㪇㪅㪋 䌾 㪈㪅㪌
㪈㪅㪌

15/22

Fig.4 Accumulation frequency distribution ofDried sludge moisture at the four seasons㩷㪇㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㪈㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㪉㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㪊㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㪋㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㪌㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㪍







ᴤ᷷ੇ῎ᳪᵆ฽᳓₸
sludge Moisuture content㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 Dried䋨䋦䋩

03䂾䊶䊶䊶Apr -㧠᦬03䂓䊶䊶䊶Aug -㧤᦬- 03
䂹䊶䊶䊶Nov ᦬
04䂥䊶䊶䊶Jan -㧝᦬

4. Performance evaluation research result

4.1 Dry performance(1) Comparison with another biomasses(2) Effect of heatheat-trapping gas reduction

3.3 Possibility of effective use for sewage dried sludge

3.2 Economy
Trial calculation of cost
(1) Construction cost(2) Maintenance management cost(3) Integrated cost

3. Performance evaluation research Content⚥Ⓧ㗫ᐲ
Accum ulation fre q uency- 229 -

Investigation result

0.9㨪4.2
34
䋭

Moisuture content㧔㧑㧕
Cooking oil waste content㧔㧑㧕higher calorific value㧔kJ/kg-DS㧕



10

79㨪82



10

81㨪82

Digested sludge

Nov-03Time
Aug-03



10

81㨪86

Jan-04

120

10

80

Targetvalue

20,00037

0.5㨪1.5䋭36

0.5㨪1.5㪉㪉㪃㪈㪇㪇

34

0.4㨪1.7

㻍3

14/22

㻍20,000

30㨪40¥1,379¥11,173¥4,350¥2,224¥2,107

Subtotal Ԙ
Utility
Labor
Normal shutdown㪈㪊㪊㪅㪉㪌㩷͐㪌㪏㪅㪉㪍㩷͐㪈㪋㪅㪈㪋㩷͐㪈㪋㪅㪐㪊㩷͐㪉㪐㪅㪈㪐㩷͐㪎㪋㪅㪐㪐㩷͐㪐㪅㪉㪍㩷͐

㪌㪏㪅㪌㪍㩷͐㪎㪅㪈㪎㩷͐

€㩷㪆䌴㪄㫎㪼㫋

㶎. Equipment driving time 䋺 䋲䋴䌨䌲䋯Day
㶎䋮The equipment life 䋺 䋱䋰Years¥19,854¥8,681¥8,725

Plant machine
Plant electrical

Subtotal 㽳¥1,069䎂㪆䌴㪄㫎㪼㫋
Civil engineeringand construction

Integrated cost‫ޓ‬Ԙ㧗ԙ

Maintenancemanagement

construction

Cost item

Cost to process
dewatered sludge by 1t-wet

16/22

Tab.3 the trial calculation result of the cost

4. Performance evaluation research result
4.2
4.2 Economy

Quality ofdried
sludge



10

80㨪84

Apr-03

Mixture ratio of heat medium oil
0.64㨪0.75 0.64㨪0.69 0.65㨪0.69 0.64㨪0.69 0.6㨪0.8
㧟㧔㨙 /t-wet㧕Dry time 㧔min㧕

Processing Amount of processing of dewateredsludge㧔t-wet㧛batch㧕
condition

Moisuture content㧔㧑㧕

Sludge of processed object

Investigation item

Tab.2 Dry performance result

4.1 Dry performance

4. Performance evaluation research result

- 230 -㨪

㪊㪃㪉㪊㪇䌾㪊㪃㪏㪉㪇6,211㨪

㪈㪊㪃㪌㪉㪈䌾
㪈㪌㪃㪐㪐㪈

26,000Carbonization
construction waste

Carbonization food waste

Coal (reference value)
9.05

䋭

㧙

䋭

㪊㪐䌾㪈㪐㪇

䋭

20㪊㪏㪅㪈䌾㪋㪈㪅㪏䋭㪈㪊㪃㪇㪇㪇䌾
㪈㪎㪃㪇㪇㪇

㨪 㨪㪇㪅㪊䌾㪊㪅㪌

㪎㪋䌾㪏㪌



%JNQTKPG
EQPVGPV
㫄䌧䋯㫂䌧

17/22

1,300

㪊㪉㪊䌾㪋㪉㪇

㨪


㪉㪃㪎㪇㪊䌾
㪊㪎㪃㪈㪈㪎

㪐㪋䌾㪈㪈㪈

㨪

㫂䌊䋯㫂䌧

*%8㧛#%̪

19/22

䂾 The stable operation of equipment
can have been done䂾 The amount of the heat-trapping
gas exhaust can be reduced

5. Summary of performance
evaluation research䂾 The performance target was able tobe satisfied

㶎. HCV䋯AC 䋺 Higher calorific value䋯Ash content

Wood
waste

㪉㪃㪉㪍㪇䌾㪉㪃㪍㪍㪇㪏㪃㪇㪇㪇䌾㪏㪃㪉㪇㪇 㪈㪃㪐㪈㪈䌾㪈㪃㪐㪌㪐䋭㨪
㨪 㨪䌫㪡䋯㫂䌧㪄㪛㪪

㪐㪃㪋㪍㪇䌾
㪈㪈㪃㪈㪊㪌

Carbonization
sewage sludge

Dried 䌳䌬䌵䌤䌧䌥㶎

MoisutureAshcontent
content䌫㪺㪸㫃䋯㫂䌧㪄㪛㪪䋦䋦㪄㪛㪪

Higher calorific value

Carbonization
woods waste

SewagesludgeBiomass

Analysis result

Tab.4 Comparison with other biomasses

4.3 Possibility of effective use for sewage dried sludge

4. Performance evaluation research result

㪍㪅㪍)TGGPHCTONCPF

㪉㪅㪌

㪍㪅㪍

㪋㪉㪅㪎

㪍㪅㪍

㪊㪍䌴㪄㪚 㪦㪉㫉 㪼㪻㫌㪺㫋 㫀㫆㫅

18/22

Dried sludge
44,000䌴䌯䌮/䌙䌥䌡䌲

reduction Import coal

20/22

3,960,000䌴䌯䌮/䌙䌥䌡䌲Power supply
2,000MWThermal power station
Import coal
4,400,000䌴䌯䌮/䌙䌥䌡䌲

MIKASAGAWA
Treatment Center

110,000ton-CO2/Year
reduction

Possibility of effective use in the future

Fig.5 Effect of heat-trapping gas reduction㪘㫄㫆㫌㫅㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㪼㫏㪿㪸㫌㫊㫋㩷㪸㪺㪺㫆㫉㪻㫀㫅㪾㩷㫋㫆㩷㪽㪸㪺㫀㫃㫀㫋㫀㪼㫊㩷㪻㫉㫀㫍㫀㫅㪾㪃㩷㪽㪸㪺㫀㫃㫀㫋㫀㪼㫊㩷㪺㫆㫅㫊㫋㫉㫌㪺㫋㫀㫆㫅㪃㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪽㪸㪺㫀㫃㫀㫋㫀㪼㫊㩷㪸㪹㪸㫅㪻㫆㫅㫄㪼㫅㫋㽳%GOGPVTCYOCVGTKCNCPFUWRRNGOGPVCT[HWGN

㪋㪌䌴㪄㪚 㪦㪉㫉 㪼㪻㫌㪺㫋 㫀㫆㫅#NVGTPCVKXGHQUUKNHWGN㪌㪈㪅㪍㪘㫄㫆㫌㫅㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㪼㫏㪿㪸㫌㫊㫋㩷㫉㪼㪻㫌㪺㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪹㫐㩷㪼㪽㪽㪼㪺㫋㫀㫍㪼㩷㫌㫊㪼㩷㽲

㪇㪅㪇

㪈㪇㪅㪇

㪉㪇㪅㪇

㪊㪇㪅㪇

㪋㪇㪅㪇

㪌㪇㪅㪇

㪍㪇㪅㪇

4.3 Possibility of effective use for sewage dried sludge

4. Performance evaluation research result䌴㪄䌃䌏 䋲 䋯㪛㪸䌹- 231 -

㪈㪃㪋㪇㪇

㪈㪐㪐㪇

㪈㪃㪉㪊㪎

㪉㪇㪇㪋

㪈㪃㪊㪌㪌

㪈㪃㪈㪍㪊

㪄㪈㪈㪊㫄㫀㫃㫃㫀㫆㫅㫋㫆㫅㪄㪚㪦㪉

㪉㪇㪈㪇㪘㫄㫆㫌㫅㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㫇㫉㫆㫄㫀㫊㪼㪻㩷㪼㫏㪿㪸㫌㫊㫋㪹㫐㩷㪢㫐㫆㫋㫆㩷㪧㫉㫆㫋㫆㪺㫆㫃

㪄㪍㪅㪇㩼

㪄㪐㪅㪌㩼

21/22

reference

The technology of sewage sludge drying
using an oil bath under diminished pressure

Fig Heat-trapping gas exhaust amountresults value and promised value

㪈㪃㪇㪇㪇

㪈㪃㪈㪇㪇

㪈㪃㪉㪇㪇

㪈㪃㪊㪇㪇

㪘㫄㫆㫌㫅㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㪿㪼㪸㫋㪄㫋㫉㪸㫇㫇㫀㫅㪾㩷㪾㪸㫊㩷㪼㫏㪿㪸㫌㫊㫋㩿㫄㫀㫃㫃㫀㫆㫅㫋㫆㫅㪄㪚㪦㪉㪆㫐㪼㪸㫉㪀㪜㫃㪼㪺㫋㫉㫀㪺
㫇㫆㫎㪼㫉㪮㪸㫊㫋㪼㫎㪸㫋㪼㫉㪫㫉㪸㫅㫊㫇㫆㫉㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㪮㪸㫋㪼㫉㩷㫊㫌㫇㫇㫃㫐㪢㪼㫉㫆㫊㪼㫅㪼

㪛㫀㪾㪼㫊㫋㫀㫆㫅㪾㪸㫊㪜㪽㪽㪼㪺㫋㫀㫍㪼㩷㫌㫊㪼㫉㪤㪼㪻㫀㪺㫀㫅㪼

㪦㫀㫃㩷㫎㪸㫊㫋㪼㫊㫌㫇㫇㫃㫐㩷㪺㫆㫄㫇㪸㫅㫐㪩㪼㪺㪼㫀㫍㫀㫅㪾㩷㫎㪸㫋㪼㫉㩷㪹㫆㪻㫐㩿㫋㫉㪼㪸㫋㪼㪻㩷㫎㪸㫊㫋㪼㫎㪸㫋㪼㫉㪀㫋㪿㪼㩷㪸㫄㫆㫌㫅㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㫉㪼㪻㫌㪺㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㪽㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㪿㪼㪸㫋㪄㫋㫉㪸㫇㫇㫀㫅㪾㩷㪾㪸㫊㫋㪿㪸㫋㩷㪺㪸㫅㩷㪹㪼㩷㫉㪼㪻㫌㪺㪼㪻㩷㫎㪿㪼㫅㩷㪼㪽㪽㪼㪺㫋㫀㫍㪼㫃㫐㩷㫌㫊㫀㫅㪾㩷㫀㫋㪅㫋㪿㪼㩷㪸㫄㫆㫌㫅㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㪾㪼㫅㪼㫉㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㪽㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㪿㪼㪸㫋㪄㫋㫉㪸㫇㫇㫀㫅㪾㩷㪾㪸㫊㪾㪼㫅㪼㫉㪸㫋㪼㪻㩷㫎㪿㪼㫅㩷㪻㫉㫀㪼㪻㩷㫊㫃㫌㪻㪾㪼㩷㫀㫊㩷㫇㫉㫆㪻㫌㪺㪼㪻㪅㪫㫉㪸㫅㫊㫇㫆㫉㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㪫㪿㪼㩷㪻㫉㫐㩷㫇㫉㫆㪺㪼㫊㫊㪫㪿㫀㪺㫂㪼㫅㫀㫅㪾䋯㪛㫀㪾㪼㫊㫋㫀㫆㫅䋯㪛㪼㫎㪸㫋㪼㫉㪮㪸㫊㫋㪼㫎㪸㫋㪼㫉㩷㫋㫉㪼㪸㫋㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㪽㪸㪺㫀㫃㫀㫋㫐㪫㫉㪼㪸㫋㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㪺㪼㫅㫋㪼㫉㩷㫀㫅㫊㫀㪻㪼㪦㫌㫋㫊㫀㪻㪼

Range of trial calculation ofamount of heat-trapping gas exhaust

22/22

The technology of sewage sludge drying
using an oil bath under diminished pressureThank you for listening䋣- 232 -Normal shutdown

Labor

Electric power ¥8.2/kWh Kerosene ¥33.6/L Digestion gas Free
Water supply ¥565/m3 Oil waste ¥26/kg Clean can medicine ¥1,229/kg
Boiler water processing medicine ¥1,428/kg㽲㪪㫃㫌㪻㪾㪼㩷㫄㫀㫏㫀㫅㪾㫋㪸㫅㫂㽷㪛㫉㫀㪼㪻㩷㫊㫃㫌㪻㪾㪼㪿㫆㫇㫇㪼㫉

㽸

Utility㪣㪼㪾㪸㫃㩷㪺㪿㪼㪺㫂㩷㫆㪽㩷㪹㫆㫀㫃㪼㫉㩷㪆㪧㪼㫉㫀㫆㪻㫀㪺㪸㫃㩷㫉㪼㫇㪸㫀㫉㩷㫆㪽㩷㪻㫉㫐㪼㫉㩷㪆㪘㫅㪸㫃㫐㫊㫀㫊㩷㪼㫏㫇㪼㫅㫊㪼㩿㫎㪸㫋㪼㫉㩷㫈㫌㪸㫃㫀㫋㫐㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㫊㫋㫀㫅㫂㪀㩷㪆㪚㫆㫅㫊㫌㫄㫇㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫄㪸㫋㪼㫉㫀㪸㫃㩷㫇㫌㫉㪺㪿㪸㫊㪼㩷㪼㫏㫇㪼㫅㫊㪼㽲㪍㩷㪽㫌㫃㫃㪄㫋㫀㫄㪼㩷㫇㪼㫆㫇㫃㪼㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪉㩷㫅㫀㪾㪿㫋㩷㫊㪿㫀㪽㫋㩷㫇㪼㫆㫇㫃㪼㪜㫃㪼㪺㫋㫉㫀㪺㩷㫇㫆㫎㪼㫉㩷㪆㩷㪢㪼㫉㫆㫊㪼㫅㪼㩷㪆㩷㪛㫀㪾㪼㫊㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪾㪸㫊㩷㪆㩷㪮㪸㫋㪼㫉㩷㫊㫌㫇㫇㫃㫐㩷㪆㩷㪦㫀㫃㩷㫎㪸㫊㫋㪼㩷㪆㩷㪤㪼㪻㫀㪺㫀㫅㪼

Plant electrical

Plant machine

Civil engineeringand construction

Trial calculation unit price

Maintenancemanagement

construction

Cost item

Range of trial calculation of cost

㽵

㽶

㽻

䃂

㽷

㽺
㪚㫆㫅㪻㪼㫅㫊㪼㫉㽹㪤㪸㫀㫅㩷㪹㫆㫀㫃㪼㫉㪪㫃㫌㪻㪾㪼㩷㪻㫉㫐㪼㫉㽴㪭㪸㪺㫌㫌㫄㩷㫇㫌㫄㫇㽵㪦㫀㫃㩷㫊㪼㫇㪸㫉㪸㫋㫆㫉㩿㫋㪿㪼㩷㪈㫊㫋㩷㫊㫋㪸㪾㪼㪀㽻䃂㽶㪦㫀㫃㩷㫊㪼㫇㪸㫉㪸㫋㫆㫉㩿㫋㪿㪼㩷㪉㫅㪻㩷㫊㫋㪸㪾㪼㪀㽼㪺㫆㫄㪹㫌㫊㫋㫀㫆㫅㪽㫌㫉㫅㪸㪺㪼

㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㪺㫆㫆㫂㫀㫅㪾㩷㫆㫀㫃㩷㫎㪸㫊㫋㪼㫊䇭㫃㫀㫅㪼㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㫊㫋㪼㪸㫄䇭㫃㫀㫅㪼㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㪼㫍㪸㫇㫆㫉㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫄㫆㫀㫊㫋㫌㫉㪼㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪻㫉㫐㩷㪼㫏㪿㪸㫌㫊㫋㩷㫃㫀㫅㪼㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㫊㫃㫌㪻㪾㪼䇭㫃㫀㫅㪼

㽴

㽺

㽼

Fig.3 Plant equipment flow㽳㪧㫉㪼㪄㪿㪼㪸㫋㫀㫅㪾㫋㪸㫅㫂㽸㪦㫀㫃㩷㫊㫋㫆㫉㪸㪾㪼
㫋㪸㫅㫂

㽳

㽹

Basic flow of this equipment