Calc Guide

3

Chapter
Creating Charts andGraphsPresenting information visuallyThis PDF is designed to be read onscreen, two pages at atime. If you want to print a copy, your PDF viewer shouldhave an option for printing two pages on one sheet ofpaper, but you may need to start with page 2 to get it toprint facing pages correctly. (Print this cover page
separately.)CopyrightThis document is Copyright © 2010 by its contributors as listed in thesection titled Authors. You may distribute it and/or modify it under theterms of either the GNU General Public License, version 3 or later, or
the Creative Commons Attribution License, version 3.0 or later.
All trademarks within this guide belong to their legitimate owners.

Authors
Richard Barnes
John KanePeter Kupfer
Shelagh Manton
Alexandre Martins
Anthony Petrillo
Sowbhagya Sundaresan
Jean Hollis Weber
Linda Worthington

Feedback
Please direct any comments or suggestions about this document to:authors@documentation.openoffice.org

Acknowledgments
Shelagh Manton and Jean Hollis Weber updated the OOo2.x chapter
written by the other authors to 3.x.

Publication date and software version
Published 21 June 2010. Based on OpenOffice.org 3.2.

You can download
an editable version of this document fromhttp://oooauthors.org/english/userguide3/published/

Contents
Copyright............................................................................................... 2
Introduction........................................................................................... 5
Creating a chart..................................................................................... 5
Choosing a chart type.........................................................................7
Changing data ranges and axes labels................................................8
Selecting data series........................................................................... 9
Adding or changing titles, legend, and grids....................................10
Editing charts....................................................................................... 10
Changing the chart type...................................................................11
Adding or removing chart elements..................................................11
Data labels..................................................................................... 12
Trend lines..................................................................................... 14
Mean value lines............................................................................15
Y error bars.................................................................................... 15
Formatting charts................................................................................16
Moving chart elements.....................................................................18
Changing the chart area background...............................................18
Changing the chart graphic background..........................................19
Changing colors................................................................................ 19
Formatting 3D charts........................................................................... 19
Rotation and perspective..................................................................20
Appearance....................................................................................... 21
Illumination....................................................................................... 21
Rotating 3D charts interactively.......................................................22
Formatting the chart elements.............................................................23
Formatting axes and inserting grids.................................................23
Formating data labels.......................................................................24
Choosing and formatting symbols.....................................................24
Resizing and moving the chart.............................................................25
Using the Position and Size dialog....................................................26
Gallery of chart types...........................................................................27
Creating Charts and Graphs

3Column charts................................................................................... 27
Bar charts......................................................................................... 27
Pie charts.......................................................................................... 28
Area charts.......................................................................................29
Line charts........................................................................................ 31
Scatter or XY charts.......................................................................... 31
Bubble charts.................................................................................... 32
Net charts......................................................................................... 33
Stock charts...................................................................................... 34
Column and line charts.....................................................................35

4

Creating Charts and Graphs

Introduction
Charts and graphs can be powerful ways to convey information to thereader. OpenOffice.org Calc offers a variety of different chart andgraph formats for your data.
Using Calc, you can customize charts and graphs to a considerable
extent. Many of these options enable you to present your informationin the best and clearest manner.
For readers who are interested in effective ways to present informationgraphically, two excellent introductions to the topic are William S.
Cleveland’s The elements of graphing data, 2nd edition, Hobart Press(1994) and Edward R. Tufte’s The Visual Display of Quantitative
Information, 2nd edition, Graphics Press (2001).

Creating a chart
To demonstrate the process of making charts and graphs in Calc, wewill use the small table of data in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Table of data for charting examples
To create a chart, first highlight (select) the data to be included in thechart. The selection does not need to be in a single block, as shown in
Figure 2; you can also choose individual cells or groups of cells(columns or rows). See Chapter 1 (Introducing Calc) for more about
selecting cells and ranges of cells.

Creating a chart

5

Figure 2: Selecting data for plotting
Next, open the Chart Wizard dialog using one of two methods.
• Choose Insert > Chart from the menu bar.
• Or, click the Chart icon on the main toolbar.

Figure 3: Insert chart from main toolbar
Either method inserts a sample chart on the worksheet, opens theFormatting toolbar, and opens the Chart Wizard, as shown in Figure 4.

Tip

6

Before choosing the Chart Wizard, place the cursor anywhere in
the area of the data. The Chart Wizard will then do a fairly goodjob of guessing the range of the data. Just be careful that you
have not included the title of your chart.

Creating Charts and Graphs

Figure 4: Chart Wizard, Step 1—Choose a chart type

Choosing a chart type
The Chart Wizard includes a sample chart with your data. This sample
chart updates to reflect the changes you make in the Chart Wizard.
The Chart Wizard has three main parts: a list of steps involved insetting up the chart, a list of chart types, and the options for eachchart type. At any time you can go back to a previous step and change
selections.
Calc offers a choice of 10 basic chart types, with a few options for eachtype of chart. The options vary according to the type of chart you pick.
The first tier of choice is for two-dimensional (2D) charts. Only those
types which are suitable for 3D (Column, Bar, Pie, and Area) give youan option to select a 3D look.
On the Choose a chart type page (Figure 4), select a type by clicking
on its icon. The preview updates every time you select a different typeof chart, and provides a good idea of what the finished chart will look
like.
The current selection is highlighted (shown with a surrounding box) on
the Choose a chart type page. The chart’s name is shown just below
Creating a chart7the icons. For the moment, we will stick to the Column chart and clickon Next again.

Changing data ranges and axes labels
In Step 2, Data Range, you can manually correct any mistakes you
have made in selecting the data.
On this page you can also change the way you are plotting the data byusing the rows—rather than the columns—as data series. This is useful
if you use a style of chart such as Donut or Pie to display your data.
Lastly, you can choose whether to use the first row or first column, or
both, as labels on the axes of the chart.
You can confirm what you have done so far by clicking the Finish
button, or click Next to change some more details of the chart.
We will click Next to see what we can do to our chart using the otherpages of the Wizard.

Figure 5: Changing data ranges and axes labels

8

Creating Charts and Graphs

Selecting data series

Figure 6: Amending data series and ranges
On the Data Series page, you can fine tune the data that you want toinclude in the chart. Perhaps you have decided that you do not want toinclude the data for canoes. If so, highlight Canoes in the Data series
box and click on Remove. Each named data series has its ranges andits individual Y-values listed. This is useful if you have very specificrequirements for data in your chart, as you can include or leave out
these ranges.

Tip

You can click the Shrink button
next to the Range for Namebox to work on the spreadsheet itself. This is handy if your data
ranges are larger than ours and the Chart Wizard is in the way.

Another way to plot any unconnected columns of data is to select thefirst data series and then select the next series while holding down the
Ctrl key. Or you can type the columns in the text boxes. The columns
must be separated by semi-colons. Thus, to plot B3:B11 against
G3:G11, type the selection range as B3:B11;G3:G11.
The two data series you are selecting must be in separate columns or
rows. Otherwise Calc will assume that you are adding to the same data
series.
Click Next to deal with titles, legend and grids.

Creating a chart

9

Adding or changing titles, legend, and grids

Figure 7: Titles, legend and grids
On the Chart Elements page, you can give your chart a title and, if
desired, a subtitle. Use a title that draws the viewers’ attention to the
purpose of the chart: what you want them to see. For example, a better
title for this chart might be The Performance of Motor and Other
Rental Boats.
It may be of benefit to have labels for the x axis or the y axis. This iswhere you give viewers an idea as to the proportion of your data. For
example, if we put Thousands in the y axis label of our graph, itchanges the scope of the chart entirely. For ease of estimating data you
can also display the x or y axis grids by selecting the Display grids
options.
You can leave out the legend or include it and place it to the left, right,
top or bottom.
To confirm your selections and complete the chart, click Finish.

Editing charts
After you have created a chart, you may find things you would like tochange. Calc provides tools for changing the chart type, chartelements, data ranges, fonts, colors, and many other options, throughthe Insert and Format menus, the right-click (context) menu, and theChart toolbar.

10

Creating Charts and Graphs

Changing the chart type
You can change the chart type at any time. To do so:1) First select the chart by double-clicking on it. The chart should
now be surrounded by a gray border.
2) Then do one of the following:• Choose Format > Chart Type from the menu bar.
• Click the chart type iconon the Formatting toolbar.
• Right-click on the chart and choose Chart Type.
In each case, a dialog similar to the one in Figure 4 opens. See page 7
for more information.

Adding or removing chart elements
Figures 8 and 9 show the elements of 2D and 3D charts.
The default 2D chart includes only two of those elements:• Chart wall contains the graphic of the chart displaying the data.
• Chart area is the area surrounding the chart graphic. The(optional) chart title and the legend (key) are in the chart area.
The default 3D chart also has the chart floor, which is not available in
2D charts.

Chart title
Chart wall
LegendChart area
Axis labels

Figure 8: Elements of 2D chart

Editing charts

11Chart floor

Figure 9: Elements of 3D chart
You can add other elements using the commands on the Insert menu.
The various choices open dialogs in which you can specify details.
First select the chart so the green sizing handles are visible. This isdone with a single click on the chart.
The dialogs for Titles, Legend, Axes, and Grids are self-explanatory.
The others are a bit more complicated, so we’ll take a look at them
here.

Data labels
Data labels put information about each data point on the chart. They
can be very useful for presenting detailed information, but you need tobe careful to not create a chart that is too cluttered to read.
Choose Insert > Data Labels. The options are as follows.
Show value as number
Displays the numeric values of the data points. When selected, thisoption activates the Number format... button.
Number format...
Opens the Number Format dialog, where you can select the number
format. This dialog is very similar to the one for formatting numbers
in cells, described in Chapter 2 (Entering, Editing, and FormattingData).

12

Creating Charts and Graphs

Figure 10: Data Labels dialog
Show value as percentage
Displays the percentage value of the data points in each column.
When selected, this option activates the Percentage format...
button.
Percentage format...
Opens the Number Format dialog, where you can select thepercentage format.
Show category
Shows the data point text labels.
Show legend key
Displays the legend icons next to each data point label.
Separator
Selects the separator between multiple text strings for the same
object.
Placement
Selects the placement of data labels relative to the objects.
Figure 22 on page 28 shows examples of values as text (neither Showvalue as number nor Show value as percentage selected) and values aspercentages, as well as when data values are used as substitutes forlegends or in conjunction with them.

Editing charts

13

Trend lines
When you have a scattered grouping of points in a graph, you may
want to show the relationship of the points. A trend line is what you
need. Calc has a good selection of regression types you can use fortrend lines: linear, logarithm, exponential, and power. Choose the typethat comes closest to passing through all of the points.
To insert trend lines for all data series, double-click the chart to enter
edit mode. Choose Insert > Trend Lines, then select the type of trendline from None, Linear, Logarithmic, Exponential, or Power. You canalso choose whether to show the equation for the trend line and thecoefficient of determination (R2).
To insert a trend line for a single data series, first select the data series
in the chart, and then right-click and choose Insert > Trend Line
from the context menu. The dialog for a single trend line is similar tothe one below but has a second tab (Line), where you can choose
attributes (style, color, width, and transparency) of the line.
To delete a single trend line or mean value line, click the line, thenpress the Del key.
To delete all trend lines, choose Insert > Trend Lines, then selectNone.
A trend line is shown in the legend automatically.

Figure 11: Trend Lines dialog

14

Creating Charts and Graphs

If you insert a trend line on a chart type that uses categories, such as
Line or Column, then the numbers 1, 2, 3, … are used as x-values tocalculate the trend line.
The trend line has the same color as the corresponding data series. Tochange the line properties, select the trend line and choose Format
Trend Line. This opens the Line tab of the Trend Lines dialog.
To show the trend line equation, select the trend line in the chart,right-click to open the context menu, and choose Insert Trend Line
Equation.
When the chart is in edit mode, OpenOffice.org gives you the equationof the trend line and the correlation coefficient. Click on the trend line
to see the information in the status bar. To show the equation and thecorrelation coefficient, select the line and choose Insert R2 andTrend Line Equation.
For more details on the regression equations, see the topic Trend lines
in charts in the Help.

Mean value lines
If you select mean value lines, Calc calculates the average of eachselected data series and places a colored line at the correct level in thechart.

Y error bars
If you are presenting data that has a known possibility of error, such associal surveys using a particular sampling method, or you want to show
the measuring accuracy of the tool you used, you may wish to show
error bars on the chart. Select the chart and choose Insert > Y Error
Bars.
Several options are provided on the Y Error Bars dialog (Figure 12).
You can only choose one option at a time. You can also choose whether
the error indicator shows both positive and negative errors, or only
positive or only negative.
• Constant value – you can have separate positive and negativevalues.
• Percentage – choose the error as a percentage of the data points.
• In the drop-down list:– Standard error– Variance – shows error calculated on the size of the biggest andsmallest data points
Editing charts

15

Standard deviation – shows error calculated on standard
deviation– Error margin – you designate the error• Cell range – calculates the error based on cell ranges you select.
The Parameters section at the bottom of the dialog changes toallow selection of the cell ranges.
–

Figure 12: Specifying the parameters of error bars

Formatting charts
The Format menu has many options for formatting and fine-tuning theappearance of your charts.
Double-click the chart so that it is enclosed by a gray border indicatingedit mode; then, select the chart element that you want to format.
Choose Format from the menu bar, or right-click to display a pop-up(context) menu relevant to the selected element. The formatting
choices are as follows.
Format Selection
Opens a dialog in which you can specify the area fill, borders,transparency, characters, font effects, and other attributes of theselected element of the chart (see page 23).
Position and Size
Opens a dialog (see page 26).

16

Creating Charts and Graphs

Arrangement
Provides two choices: Bring Forward and Send Backward, of
which only one may be active for some items. Use these choices toarrange overlapping data series.
Title
Formats the titles of the chart and its axes.
LegendFormats the location, borders, background, and type of the legend.
Axis
Formats the lines that create the chart as well as the font of the textthat appears on both the X and Y axes.
Grid
Formats the lines that create a grid for the chart.
Chart Wall, Chart Floor, Chart Area
Described in the following sections.
Chart Type
Changes what kind of chart is displayed and whether it is two- or
three-dimensional.
Data Ranges
Explained on page 8 (Figure 5 and Figure 6).
3D View
Formats 3D charts (see page 19).

Note

Chart Floor and 3D View are only available for a 3D chart.
These options are unavailable (grayed out) if a 2D chart isselected.

In most cases you need to select the exact element you want to format.
Sometimes this can be tricky to do with the mouse, if the chart has
many elements, especially if some of them are small or overlapping. If
you have Tooltips turned on (in Tools > Options > OpenOffice.org >General > Help, select Tips), then as you move the mouse over eachelement, its name appears in the Tooltip. Once you have selected oneelement, you can press Tab to move through the other elements until
you find the one you want. The name of the selected element appears
in the Status Bar.

Formatting charts

17

Moving chart elements
You may wish to move or resize individual elements of a chart,
independent of other chart elements. For example, you may wish tomove the legend to a different place. Pie charts allow moving ofindividual wedges of the pie (in addition to the choice of “exploding”
the entire pie).
1) Double-click the chart so that it is enclosed by a gray border.
2) Double-click any of the elements—the title, the legend, or thechart graphic. Click and drag to move the element. If the element
is already selected, then move the pointer over the element to get
the move icon (small hand), then click, drag and move theelement.
3) Release the mouse button when the element is in the desired
position.

Note

If your graphic is 3D, round red handles appear which control
the three-dimensional angle of the graphic. You cannot resize orreposition the graphic while the round red handles are showing.
With the round red handles showing, Shift + Click to get thegreen resizing handles. You can now resize and reposition your
3D chart graphic. See the following tip.

Tip

You can resize the chart graphic using its green resizing handles(Shift + Click, then drag a corner handle to maintain the
proportions). However, you cannot resize the title or the key.

Changing the chart area backgroundThe chart area is the area surrounding the chart graphic, including the(optional) main title and key.
1) Double-click the chart so that it is enclosed by a gray border.
2) Choose Format > Chart Area.
3) On the Chart Area dialog (Figure 13), choose the desired format
settings.
On the Area tab, you can change the color, or choose a hatch pattern,
bitmap or some preset gradients. Click on the drop-down box to see
the options. Patterns are probably more useful than color if you have toprint out your chart in black and white.
You can also use the Transparency tab to change the area’stransparency. If you used a preset gradient from the Area tab, you can
see the different parameters of which it is composed.
18

Creating Charts and Graphs

Figure 13: Chart Area dialog

Changing the chart graphic backgroundThe chart wall is the area that contains the chart graphic.
1) Double-click the chart so that it is enclosed by a gray border.
2) Choose Format > Chart Wall. The Chart Wall dialog has thesame formatting options as described in “Changing the chart area
background” above.
3) Choose your settings and click OK.

Changing colors
If you need a different color scheme from the default for the charts inall your documents, go to Tools > Options > Charts > Default
Colors, which has a much wider range of colors to choose from.
Changes made in this dialog affect the default chart colors for any
chart you make in future.

Formatting 3D charts
Use Format > 3D View to fine tune 3D charts. The 3D View dialog has
three pages, where you can change the perspective of the chart,
whether the chart uses the simple or realistic schemes, or your own
custom scheme, and the illumination which controls where theshadows will fall.

Formatting 3D charts

19

Rotation and perspective
To rotate a 3D chart or view it in perspective, enter the required values
on the Perspective page of the 3D View dialog. You can also rotate 3D
charts interactively; see page 22.

Figure 14: Rotating a chart
Some hints for using the Perspective page:• Set all angles to 0 for a front view of the chart. Pie charts and
•
•

•
•
•
•

20

donut charts are shown as circles.
With Right-angled axes enabled, you can rotate the chart contents
only in the X and Y direction; that is, parallel to the chart borders.
An x value of 90, with y and z set to 0, provides a view from the
top of the chart. With x set to –90, the view is from the bottom of
the chart.
The rotations are applied in the following order: x first, then y,
and z last.
When shading is enabled and you rotate a chart, the lights arerotated as if they are fixed to the chart.
The rotation axes always relate to the page, not to the chart’s
axes. This is different from some other chart programs.
Select the Perspective option to view the chart in central
perspective as through a camera lens instead of using a parallel
projection.
Set the focus length with the spin button or type a number in thebox. 100% gives a perspective view where a far edge in the chart
looks approximately half as big as a near edge.
Creating Charts and Graphs

Appearance
Use the Appearance page to modify some aspects of a 3D chart’s
appearance.

Figure 15: Modifying appearance of 3D chart
Select a scheme from the list box. When you select a scheme, theoptions and the light sources are set accordingly. If you select ordeselect a combination of options that is not given by the Realistic or
Simple schemes, you create a Custom scheme.
Select Shading to use the Gouraud method for rendering the surface.
Otherwise, a flat method is used. The flat method sets a single colorand brightness for each polygon. The edges are visible, soft gradientsand spot lights are not possible. The Gouraud method applies gradientsfor a smoother, more realistic look. Refer to the Draw Guide for moredetails on shading.
Select Object Borders to draw lines along the edges.
Select Rounded Edges to smooth the edges of box shapes. In somecases this option is not available.

Illumination
Use the Illumination page (Figure 16) to set the light sources for the3D view. Refer to the Draw Guide for more details on setting theillumination.
Click any of the eight buttons to switch a directed light source on oroff. By default, the second light source is switched on. It is the first ofFormatting 3D charts

21

seven normal, uniform light sources. The first light source projects a
specular light with highlights.
For the selected light source, you can then choose a color and intensity
in the list just below the eight buttons. The brightness values of alllights are added, so use dark colors when you enable multiple lights.

Figure 16: Setting the illumination
Each light source always points at the middle of the object initially. Tochange the position of the light source, use the small preview inside
this page. It has two sliders to set the vertical and horizontal positionof the selected light source.
The button in the corner of the small preview switches the internal
illumination model between a sphere and a cube.
Use the Ambient light list to define the ambient light which shines witha uniform intensity from all directions.

Rotating 3D charts interactively
In addition to using the Perspective page of the 3D View dialog torotate 3D charts, you can also rotate them interactively.
Select the Chart Wall, then hover the mouse pointer over a corner
handle or the rotation symbol found somewhere on the chart. The
cursor changes to a rotation icon.
Press and hold the left mouse button and drag the corner in the
direction you wish. A dashed outline of the chart is visible while you
drag, to help you see how the result will look.
22

Creating Charts and Graphs

Formatting the chart elements
Depending on the purpose of your document, for example a screenpresentation or a printed document for a black and white publication,
you might wish to use more detailed control over the different chartelements to give you what you need.
To format an element, left-click on the element that you wish tochange, for example one of the axes. The element will be highlighted
with green squares. Then, right-click and choose an item from thecontext menu. Each chart element has its own selection of items. In thenext few sections we explore some of the options.

Formatting axes and inserting grids
Sometimes you need to have a special scale for one of the axes of yourchart, or you need smaller grid intervals, or you want to change theformating of the labels on the axis. After highlighting the axis you wish
to change, right-click and choose one of the items from the pop-up
menu.
Choosing Format Axis opens the dialog shown in (Figure 17). On the
Scale tab, you can choose a logarithmic or linear scale (default), howmany marks you need on the line, where the marks are to appear, andthe increments (intervals) of the scale. You must first deselect the
Automatic option in order to modify the value for any scale.
On the Label tab (Figure 18), you can choose whether to show or hide
the labels and how to handle them when they won’t all fit neatly into
one row (for example, if the words are too long).
Not shown here are the tab with options for choosing a font,formatting the lines, and positioning the elements of the line andinterval marks.

Figure 17: Formatting axis scales
Formatting the chart elements

23

Figure 18: Formatting axis labels

Formating data labels
You can choose properties for the labels of the data series. Carefully
click on the chart element, then right-click and choose the property
you want to change. This opens a dialog with several tabs where you
can change the color of the label text, the size of the font, and otherattributes. The Label tab is shown in Figure 18.
On the Data Labels tab, you can choose whether to:• Show the labels as text
• Show numeric values as a percentage or a number• Include the legend box as part of the label

These choices are the same as those shown in Figure 10 on page 13.
The text for labels is taken from the column labels and it cannot bechanged here. If the text needs to be abbreviated, or if it did not label
your graph as you were expecting, you need to change it in the original
data table.

Choosing and formatting symbols
In line and scatter charts the symbols representing the points can bechanged to a different symbol shape or color through the object
properties dialog. Select the data series you wish to change, rightclick, and choose Format > Data Series from the context menu.
On the Line tab of the Data Series dialog, in the Icon section, choose
from the drop-down list Select > Symbols. Here you can choose nosymbol, a symbol from an inbuilt selection, a more exciting range from

24

Creating Charts and Graphs

the gallery, or if you have pictures you need to use instead, you caninsert them using Select > From file.

Figure 19: Symbol selection

Resizing and moving the chart
You can resize or move all elements of a chart at the same time, in two
ways: interactively, or by using the Position and Size dialog. You may
wish to use a combination of both methods: interactive for quick andeasy change, then the dialog for precise sizing and positioning.
To resize a chart interactively:
1) Click once on the chart to select it. Green sizing handles appear
around the chart.
2) To increase or decrease the size of the chart, click and drag oneof the markers in one of the four corners of the chart. To maintainthe correct ratio of the sides, hold the Shift key down while you
click and drag.
To move a chart interactively:
1) Click on the chart to select it. Green sizing handles appear aroundthe chart.
2) Hover the mouse pointer anywhere over the chart. When it
changes to the move icon, click and drag the chart to its new
location.
3) Release the mouse button when the element is in the desired
position.

Resizing and moving the chart

25

Using the Position and Size dialog
To resize or move a chart using the Position and Size dialog:
1) Click on the chart to select it. Green sizing handles appear aroundthe chart.
2) Right-click and choose Position and Size from the pop-up menu.
3) Make your choices on this dialog.

Figure 20: Defining the position and size of an object
Position is defined as an X,Y coordinate relative to a fixed point (thebase point), typically located at the upper left of the document. You cantemporarily change this base point to make positioning or
dimensioning simpler (click on the spot corresponding to the locationof the base point in either of the two selection windows on the rightside of the dialog—upper for positioning or lower for dimensioning).
The possible base point positions correspond to the handles on theselection frame plus a central point. The change in position lasts only
as long as you have the dialog open; when you close this dialog, Calc
resets the base point to the standard position.
Tip

The Keep ratio option is very useful. Select it to keep the ratioof width to height fixed while you change the size of an object.

Either or both the size and position can be protected so that theycannot be accidentally changed. Select the appropriate options.
26

Creating Charts and Graphs

Tip

If you cannot move an object, check to see if its position isprotected.

Gallery of chart types
Its important to remember that while your data can be presented witha number of different charts, the message you want to convey to youraudience dictates the chart you ultimately use. The following sections
present examples of the types of charts that Calc provides, with someof the tweaks that each sort can have and some notes as to what
purpose you might have for that chart type. For details, see the Help.

Column charts
Column charts are commonly used for data that shows trends overtime. They are best for charts that have a relatively small number ofdata points. (For large time series a line chart would be better.) It is
the default chart type, as it is one of the most useful charts and theeasiest to understand.

Bar charts

Figure 21: Three bar graph treatments.
Bar charts are excellent for giving an immediate visual impact for datacomparison in cases when time is not an important factor, for example,
when comparing the popularity of a few products in a marketplace.
• The first chart is achieved quite simply by using the chart wizard

with Insert > Grids, deselecting y-axis, and using Insert >Mean Value Lines.

Gallery of chart types27

• The second chart is the 3D option in the chart wizard with asimple border and the 3D chart area twisted around.
• The third chart is an attempt to get rid of the legend and putlabels showing the names of the companies on the axis instead.
We also changed the colors to a hatch pattern.

Pie charts
Pie charts are excellent when you need to compare proportions. For
example, comparisons of departmental spending: what the department
spent on different items or what different departments spent. They
work best with smaller numbers of values, about half a dozen; morethan this and the visual impact begins to fade.
As the Chart Wizard guesses the series that you wish to include in yourpie chart, you might need to adjust this initially on the Wizard’s Data
Ranges page if you know you want a pie chart, or by using the Format> Data Ranges > Data Series dialog.
You can do some interesting things with a pie chart, especially if you
make it into a 3D chart. It can then be tilted, given shadows, andgenerally turned into a work of art. Just don’t clutter it so much thatyour message is lost, and be careful that tilting does not distort therelatively size of the segments.
You can choose in the Chart Wizard to explode the pie chart, but this isan all or nothing option. If your aim is to accentuate one piece of thepie, you can separate out one piece by carefully highlighting it after
you have finished with the Chart Wizard, and dragging it out of thegroup. When you do this you might need to enlarge the chart area
again to regain the original size of the pieces.

Figure 22: Pie charts
The effects achieved in Figure 22 are explained below:• 2D pie chart with one part of the pie exploded: Choose Insert >Legend and deselect the Display legend box. Choose Insert >28

Creating Charts and Graphs

Data Labels and choose Show value as number. Then carefully
select the piece you wish to highlight, move the cursor to the edgeof the piece and click (the piece will have nine green highlightsquares to mark it), and then drag it out from the rest of thepieces. The pieces will decrease in size, so you need to highlightthe chart wall and drag it at a corner to increase the size.
• 3D pie chart with realistic schema and illumination: Choose

Format > 3D view > Illumination where you can change thedirection of the light, the color of the ambient light, and the depthof the shade. We also adjusted the 3D angle of the disc in the
Perspective dialog on the same set of tabs.
The chart updates as you make changes, so you can immediately
see the effects.
If you want to separate out one of the pieces, click on it carefully;
you should see a wire frame highlight. Drag it out with the mouseand then, if necessary, increase the size of the chart wall.

• 3D pie chart with different fill effects in each portion of the pie:

Choose Insert > Data labels and select show value as
percentage. Then carefully select each of the pieces so that it has
a wire frame highlight and right-click to get the object properties
dialog; choose the Area tab. For one we chose a bitmap, foranother a gradient and for the third we used the Transparency tab
and adjusted the transparency to 50%.

Area charts
An area chart is a version of a line or column graph. It may be useful
where you wish to emphasize volume of change. Area charts have agreater visual impact than a line chart, but the data you use will makea difference.

Figure 23: Area charts—the good, the bad, and the uglyGallery of chart types

29

As shown in Figure 23, an area chart is sometimes tricky to use. Thismay be one good reason to use transparency values in an area chart.
After setting up the basic chart using the Chart Wizard, do this:• Right-click on the Y axis and choose Delete Major Grid. As thedata overlaps, some of it is missing behind the first data series.
This is not what you want. A better solution is shown in Chart 2.
• After deselecting the Y axis grid, right-click on each data series inturn and choose Format Data Series. On the Transparency tab,
set Transparency to 50%. The transparency makes it easy to see
the data hidden behind the first data series. Now, right-click on
the X axis and choose Format Axis. On the Label tab, choose Tilein the Order section and set the Text orientation to 55 degrees.
This places the long labels at an angle.

• To create the third variation, after doing the steps above, right-

click and choose Chart Type. Choose the 3D Look option andselect Realistic from the drop-down list. We also twisted the chartarea around and gave the chart wall a picture of the sky. As you
can see, the legend turns into labels on the z-axis. But overall,though it is visually more appealing, it is more difficult to see thepoint you are trying to make with the data.

Other ways of visualizing the same data series are represented by thestacked area chart or the percentage stacked area chart. The first does
what it says: each number of each series is added to the others so thatit shows an overall volume but not a comparison of the data. The
percentage stacked chart shows each value in the series as a part of
the whole. For example in June all three values are added together andthat number represents 100%. The individual values are a percentageof that. Many charts have varieties which have this option.

Figure 24: Stacked and percentage stacked area charts

30

Creating Charts and Graphs

Line charts
A line chart is a time series with a progression. It is ideal for raw data,
and useful for charts with plentiful data that show trends or changes
over time where you want to emphasize continuity. On line charts, thex-axis is ideal to represent time series data.
Things to do with lines: thicken them, make them 3D, smooth thecontours, just use points.
3D lines confuse the viewer, so just using a thicker line often works
better.

Figure 25: Line charts

Scatter or XY charts
Scatter charts are great for visualizing data that you have not had timeto analyze, and they may be the best for data when you have a constantvalue against which to compare the data; for example, weather data,reactions under different acidity levels, conditions at altitude, or any
data which matches two series of numeric data. In contrast to line
charts, the x-axis are the left to right labels, which usually indicate atime series.
Scatter charts may surprise those unfamiliar with how they work.
While constructing the chart, if you choose Data Range > Data
series in rows, the first row of data represents the x-axis. The rest of
the rows of data are then compared against the first row data. Figure
26 shows a comparison of three currencies with the Japanese Yen.
Even though the table presents the monthly series, the chart does not.
In fact the Japanese Yen does not appear; it is merely used as theconstant series that all the other data series are compared against.

Gallery of chart types

31

Figure 26: A particularly volatile time in the world currency market.

Bubble charts
A bubble chart is a variation of a scatter chart in which the data points
are replaced with bubbles. It shows the relations of three variables in
two dimensions. Two variables are used for the position on the X-axis
and Y-axis, while the third is shown as the relative size of each bubble.
One or more data series can be included in a single chart.
Bubble charts are often used to present financial data. The data series
dialog for a bubble chart has an entry to define the data range for the
bubbles and their sizes.

Figure 27: Bubble chart showing three data series
32

Creating Charts and Graphs

Net charts
A net chart is similar to a polar or radar chart. They are useful forcomparing data that are not time series, but show different
circumstances, such as variables in a scientific experiment or
direction. The poles of the net chart are equivalent to the y-axes ofother charts. Generally, between three and eight axes are best; anymore and this type of chart becomes confusing. Before and after values
can be plotted on the same chart, or perhaps expected and real results,
so that differences can be compared.
Types of net charts:• Figure 28 - Part 1: Plain net chart without grids and with justpoints, no lines.
• Figure 29 - Part 2: Net chart with lines, points and grid. Axes
colors and labels changed. Chart area color = gradient. Points
changed to fancy 3D ones.

Figure 28: Two net diagrams showing totally fabricated data fromtotally fictional experiments.
Other varieties of net chart show the data series as stacked numbers
or stacked percentages. The series can also be filled with a color.
Partial transparency is often best for showing all the series.

Gallery of chart types

33

Coloured light on mood
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
green

Figure 29: Filled net or radar chart

Stock charts
A stock chart is a specialized column graph specifically for stocks andshares. You can choose traditional lines, candlestick, and two-column
type charts. The data required for these charts is quite specialized,with series for opening price, closing price, and high and low prices. Of
course the x-axis represents a time series.
When you set up a stock chart in the Chart Wizard, the Data Series
dialog is very important. You need to tell it which series is for the
opening price, closing price, high and low price of the stock and so on.
Otherwise the chart may be indecipherable. The sample table for thischapter needed to be changed to fit the data series.

Figure 30: Adjusting data series for stock charts.
34

Creating Charts and Graphs

A nice touch is that OpenOffice.org Chart color-codes the rising andfalling shares: white for rising and black for falling in the candlestick
chart, and red and blue in the traditional line chart.

Column and line charts
A column and line chart is a combination of two other chart types. It isuseful for combining two distinct but related data series, for example
sales over time (column) and the profit margin trends (line).
You can choose the number of columns and lines in the Chart Wizard.
So for example you might have two columns with two lines torepresent two product lines with the sales figures and profit margins ofboth.

Figure 31: Column and line chart
This chart has manufacturing cost and profit data for two products,
over a period of time (six months in 2007). To create this chart, firsthighlight the table and start the Chart Wizard. Choose Column andLine chart type with two lines and the data series in rows. Then give ita title to highlight the aspect you want to show. The lines are different
colors at this stage and don’t reflect the product relationships. Whenyou finish with the Chart Wizard, highlight the chart, click on the line,
right-click and chose Format Data Series.
On this tab there are a few things to change: The colors should match
the products. So both Ark Manufacturing and profit are blue and Prallis red. The lines need to be more noticeable so make the lines thicker
by increasing the width to 0.08.

Gallery of chart types

35

For the background, highlight the chart wall, right-click and choose
Format Wall. On the Area tab, change the drop-down box to show
Gradient. Choose one of the preset gradient patterns and make itlighter by going to the Transparency tab and making the gradient 50%
transparent.
To make the chart look cleaner without the grid, go to Insert > Grids
and deselect the X-axis option.

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Creating Charts and Graphs