Waste management toward restoration
Building Safer & Resilient Society against Mega Disaster‐Report form Japan on 3.11‐
September 19th, 2011
Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Masanobu Ishikawa
ProfessorGraduate School of Economics
Kobe Universityⓒ Masanobu Ishikawa

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Contents
1.Disaster waste
2.Overview of GEJET waste
3.Waste management master plan
4.Current picture
5.Problems
6.Lessons
7.Proposals
8.My research activitiesⓒ Masanobu Ishikawa

2Classification of disaster waste
1.Unwanted articles from damaged houses
2.Waste from damaged houses and dismantling
3.Everyday waste from refugee life
4.Damaged infrastructures
etc. roads, bridges
5.Waste from damaged natural objects
etc. treesⓒ Masanobu Ishikawa

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Special features of disaster waste of GEJET
1.Contamination by radio activities
2.Tsunami waste; sea sediment
3.Swept away waste in sea
4.Contamination by sea waterⓒ Masanobu Ishikawa

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Amount of disaster waste of GEJET
Prefecture

Estimated waste generationfrom coastal area (Mt)

Estimated sedimentdeposited 2 (Mt)

Aomori0.22

0.70‐1.49

Iwate

4.421

3.21‐6.83

Miyagi12.881

5.68‐12.05

Fukushima

2.281

1.73‐3.68Ibaragi

0.50

1.21‐2.57

Chiba

0.12

0.66‐1.40

total

20.42

13.19‐28.02

Grand total

33.6‐48.4# These figures do not include cars, ships, infrastructure waste in inland area.
# Some part of waste is swept to sea, there is no estimation how much.
# Amount of waste contaminated by radioactive materials are not reported yet
1: MOE http://www.env.go.jp/jishin/taiou1106211700.pdf
2: SMCWM, Tshunami Taisekibutsu Shori Shishin (Ann), 2011 Julyⓒ Masanobu Ishikawa

5How large is the GEJET waste?

ⓒ Masanobu Ishikawa

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How large is the GEJET waste?
GEJET wastegenerationⓒ Masanobu Ishikawa

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How large is the GEJET waste?

GEJET Waste comes nearannual urban waste generationin Japanⓒ Masanobu Ishikawa

8Comparison of GEJET
with Hanshin‐Awaji earthquake
GEJET: 41.0Mt vs. Hanshin‐Awaji: 14.3Mt+ contamination of radioactive materials+ much less regional landfill capacityⓒ Masanobu Ishikawa

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Waste management master plan of GEJET
Role of actors
State:Development of master plan
Prefecture: General coordination
tentative stock yard,
waste processing,
Development of action planOperation if necessary
Municipality: Operation of action planⓒ Masanobu Ishikawa

10Fundamental policy of waste processing
in GEJET waste
1. On‐site primary sorting
2. Secondary sorting at temporary stock yard
3. Recycle
4. Use rubbles as construction materials
5. Recycle cars and electric home appliances
by formal route of recycling
6. Attention not to cause traffic jamⓒ Masanobu Ishikawa

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Necessity of regional waste processingof GEJET waste
1. Some municipalities got serious damage on
waste treatment plant
2. Cost efficient3. Consider joint incineration plant withneighboring municipalitiesⓒ Masanobu Ishikawa

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Waste processing
1. Burnable waste:
prevention of fire at stock yard,
utilize in cement kiln, power generation
2. Wood waste:utilize as fuel, chip board
ex‐ante coordination with users to makesure the products is usefulleaching of saltⓒ Masanobu Ishikawa

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Waste processing
3. Non burnable waste:
separation of metals and burnable waste
and put the rest into landfill
4. Metals:
separate steel and other metals
5. Rubbles:
utilize as construction materials
separate asphalt, concrete and stone
ex‐ante coordination with users to makesure the products are usefulⓒ Masanobu Ishikawa

18Waste processing
6. Electric home appliances and cars:
recycle according to recycling laws
7. Ships:
dismantle, shred after removal offuels and batteries sort metals,
plastics and woods to utilize
special attention on asbestos
8. Dangerous articles, PCBs or asbestos
containing waste:
separate from other waste and treat
appropriatelyⓒ Masanobu Ishikawa

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ⓒ Masanobu Ishikawa

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Waste processing
9. Sediments:
cement kiln or incineration if it contains
oil, heavy metals or is corruptive
otherwise, utilize as construction materials
or marine disposal
10.Waste from burned sites:
separate ash, metals, and rubbles andtreat appropriatelyⓒ Masanobu Ishikawa

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Schedule – Master plan
1. Transfer of waste to tentative stock yards
waste in the everyday life space:end of August 2011
other waste:
end of March 2012

ⓒ Masanobu Ishikawa

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Schedule – Master plan
2. Intermediate processing and final disposal:
corruptive waste
as fast as possible
utilizable waste ;wood chips and rubbles
appropriate periodothers
end of March 2014
ⓒ Masanobu Ishikawa

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Current picture (30th August 2011):
Transfer of waste to tentative stock yards
Include future
dismantling waste

Exclude future
dismantling waste

Iwate

71%

87%

Miyagi48%

94%

Fukushima

39%

43%

Total

52%

85%

Prefecture

Ministry of the Environmentⓒ Masanobu Ishikawa

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New approach
Matching of prefectures and cities for support・ Kansai Extended Association of Prefecturesand Cities initiative
・Assign member prefectures and cities tosuffered prefectures and cities
・Lesson from Chinese policy in Sichuan GreatEarthquakeⓒ Masanobu Ishikawa

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Problems
1. Extremely large quantity
2. Radio activities
2‐1. Contaminated waste
2‐2. Concentration by incineration
2‐3. Decontamination of soil
2‐4. Site location of temporal/final stock yard
3. Urgent needs of restorationⓒ Masanobu Ishikawa

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Problems by time frame
1. Short term
1‐1. Transfer of waste to temporal stock yard
1‐2. Establishment of incineration plants
1‐3. Survey of radio activities to identify hot spots2. Mid term
2‐1. Establish management plan for contaminatedwaste and soil
3. Long term
3‐1. Site location of final stock yard forcontaminated waste and soilⓒ Masanobu Ishikawa

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Lessons from GEJET waste management
1. We should anticipate “unanticipated damage”
What should be anticipated depends onstakeholders
2. Importance of risk communication
Opinions divert on the risk of radio activities
3. Importance of ex‐ante partnership
Matching system between cities for support worked,
but would be much more efficient if thematching had been done beforehand andpreparedⓒ Masanobu Ishikawa

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Proposals
1. Organize a stakeholder dialog and civic panel for
management of radio active waste
・ Government is not trusted, expert opinions divert,
but we clearly need facilities for processing andfinal disposal of contaminated waste and soils
2. Develop a triangle partnerships between cities formutual support in emergency
・Ex‐ante partnerships with preparation such as
regular exchange of peopleⓒ Masanobu Ishikawa

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My research activities
1. Participatory process
・ Stakeholder dialog/civic panel
・ Real application to Waste Management Plan ofNagoya City・ 3year JST project on “Dialog on Development ofLow Carbon Society”
TEPCO, Toyota, Panasonic, WWF, representative
scientists on energy and climate changeⓒ Masanobu Ishikawa

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My research activities
2. Public Marketing Approach・ An approach to solve a social problem in which agroup who has a solution model initiates a
movement of political consumerism and get thede‐facto standard to get to the objective
avoiding the difficult political consensus making.
・ “Herasou Shopping” : put simple packaging labelon the shelf of supermarket to recommend
people to choose.

ⓒ Masanobu Ishikawa

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My research activities
2. Public Marketing Approach (Herasou Shopping)・ Big companies supporting us; P&G, Kao, Kirin etc.
・ Three big retailer chains collaborate with us.
・ Starting from one shop for one month, now three
shops for 12 months and still on going.
・ Verified ca. 10% impact on sales.
・ Found empowering effect on ordinary consumers.

ⓒ Masanobu Ishikawa

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Promotion at shop front

Promotion at shelves POP

Seasons promotion; Father’s day

季節に合った販促も展開

Regular patrol
Students check POPs, new products and customers’reaction three times a weekThank youⓒ Masanobu Ishikawa37