Household roles and efficient appliancespurchasing in Indonesia and The Philippines
Jordi Cravioto2, Latifa Seniorita1, Samuel M.G. Dumlao2,Kiran‐Kumar Krishna‐Murthy1, Chen Qu1, and Hideaki Ohgaki1
2Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University
1Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University

エネルギー・資源学会 第38回エネルギーシステム・経済・環境コンファレンス
Jan 25, 2022

ContentBackground• Sustainable consumption literature and gaps

Household roles and sust consumption• Framework ・ Results・Discussion

Conclusion, limitations and contribution

INTRODUCTION• Residential electricity share considerable in many countries• Strategies to reduce its power consumption
 Promotion of energy‐efficient appliances
 Changes on consumer behavior• Consumer behavior programs can reduce gov expenditure Target consumer replacement of older appliances• SE Asia = region highest rates of new appliances purchasing

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INTRODUCTION• Gender an important determinant of sust consumer behavior
Women express stronger environmental concern
Women participate more in recycling and green consumingWomen adopt more energy‐efficient appliances• Family relations could also affect household energy
consumption (Permana et al., 2015)
 Less study on how household roles’ influence sustainablebehavior• Energy eff. policies could incorporate gender and household
dynamics
HOUSEHOLD ROLES AND EFFICIENT APPLIANCES PURCHASING IN INDONESIA AND THE PHILIPPINES

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INTRODUCTION

In sum:• Existing knowledge about gender and sust consumption• Less so for household roles in the connection

ObjectiveAnalyze household roles in connection with efficient appliancepurchasing in Indonesia and the PhilippinesSignificance Expand knowledge on efficient appliance purchasing dynamics
 Identify residential practices promoting sustainable energy use Create interlinkages between SDGs (gender equity, clean energy) forsustainable transitions
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METHODOLOGYFRAMEWORKMETHODOLOGYHousehold roles and adoption of energy‐efficient appliancesHouseholdroles
Breadwinner(BW)
Householdmanager (HM)
Decision maker(DM)Householdtypology

Appliancepurchase preference

Inclusive households(gender neutral)

Cooking, food preservation

Items creating
typology

Energy efficiency
vsProduct features

Refrigerator
Rice cooker

Gendered households
Entertainment / communications

TV

Female‐dominantUser

Male‐dominant

Comfort

Washing Machine
Air Conditioner
Determine functional
structure of family

Education

Background

Financial background

Cultural Norms

HOUSEHOLD ROLES AND EFFICIENT APPLIANCES PURCHASING IN INDONESIA AND THE PHILIPPINES

Lifestyle

77

QUESTIONNAIRE STRUCTURE / PLATFORM

METHODOLOGY

Category

CodeDomains

Items

Measurement

Background‐Gender, age, education,
occupation

14NominalBW

Bread Winner

1

Individual –Inclusive

HM

Household Management(plans, payments, cooking,clean, childcare)5

Individual –InclusiveDM

Decision Maker

5Individual –Inclusive

User

Appliance User

5

Individual –Inclusive‐Appliance Purchasing

5Ordinal(5p‐likert scale)HouseholdRoles

Appliances

HOUSEHOLD ROLES AND EFFICIENT APPLIANCES PURCHASING IN INDONESIA AND THE PHILIPPINES

88QUESTIONNAIRE ITEMS AND STRUCTURE (PURCHASE)

HOUSEHOLD ROLES AND EFFICIENT APPLIANCES PURCHASING IN INDONESIA AND THE PHILIPPINESMETHODOLOGY9SURVEY

METHODOLOGY

Pretesting and pilot surveys
Jan‐Mar, 2021
• Using Social Media and Twitter
among university students

Full‐scale survey
Apr‐Jun, 2021
• Co‐habiting adults• 14 Metropolitan cities

HOUSEHOLD ROLES AND EFFICIENT APPLIANCES PURCHASING IN INDONESIA AND THE PHILIPPINES

10ANALYSIS PROCEDURESMETHODOLOGY

Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLRs)
1. Run stepwise models for each appliance Refrigerator, Rice cooker, WM, AC, TV

2. Identify significant factors
3. Interpret the factor’s odds ratios

HOUSEHOLD ROLES AND EFFICIENT APPLIANCES PURCHASING IN INDONESIA AND THE PHILIPPINES

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Sample details

SexCountrySampleSize

Date ofcollection

Indonesia

424

Apr‐Jun2021

The Philippines

440

Apr‐Jun2021

AgeIncome13

SUMMARYRESULTS & DISCUSSION

Household roles ‐ energy‐efficient appliances (MLRs)• Significant effect for ‘decision making’More equitable families report more
efficient‐appliance purchasing intention• Partial effects for ‘household manager’ and‘user’• No effect for ‘breadwinner’

HOUSEHOLD ROLES AND EFFICIENT APPLIANCES PURCHASING IN INDONESIA AND THE PHILIPPINES14RESULTS & DISCUSSION‘Decision making’ effects (significant parameters)
Compared to a features‐based appliance selection:
55% less likely that individual DM results in efficient Refrigerator selection
44% less likely that individual DM results in efficient TV selection
Philippines
Mid‐income households (8‐14万円 per month) 3 times more likely to selectefficient refrigerators ‐than based on features‐

HOUSEHOLD ROLES AND EFFICIENT APPLIANCES PURCHASING IN INDONESIA AND THE PHILIPPINES

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DECISION MAKER

RESULTS & DISCUSSION

Differences (significant) by decision makerTV

COUNTRefrigerator

One member

Both equally

Efficiency

One member

Features

Efficiency

Rice Cooker
COUNT400350300250200150100500400350300250200150100500

Air conditioning
4004003003003002002002001001001000
One member

Both equally

Features

Washing Machine

4000

Both equally0
One member

Both equally

One member

Both equally

RESULTS & DISCUSSION

Effects from ‘user’ and ‘household manager’
Compared to a features‐based appliance selection:
38% less likely that individual users select efficient washing machine
44% less likely that individual users select efficient rice cooker (Philippines)
Indonesia
Mid‐education households 1.8 times more likely to select efficient ACs
Greater Age (1 year rate) 3% less likely to select efficient rice cookers
Philippines
High‐income 72% less likely to select efficient WM
Higher/lower incomes 71% less likely to select efficient rice cookers

HOUSEHOLD ROLES AND EFFICIENT APPLIANCES PURCHASING IN INDONESIA AND THE PHILIPPINES

17RESULTS & DISCUSSION

Discussion (1)Inclusive roles and type of appliance: Significant effects cooking and entertainment‐related app• Refrigerator and TV• Rice cookers: an exceptional case?
 Less significant for comfort‐related app• Washing machine and air conditioner

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RESULTS & DISCUSSIONDiscussion (2)Expand common understanding: Traditionally women tend to adopt energy‐efficient appliances But equitable participation in household functions are also relevant (1) Decision Making (2) User and (3) Household Managing
 Energy use and carbon reductions connect positively with equity inside
the households
 How can policies prioritize this in related programs (efficient appliances
substitution, energy conservation, etc.)?
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CONCLUSION

CONCLUSIONS

 Inclusive roles associate with more efficient‐appliancepurchasing intention‘decision making’ ‐ ‘use’ – ‘house management’
Limitations and future directions
 Further analysis for more conclusive knowledge on linkages
 Insights from qualitative modes of inquiry•

Interviews with householders who recently engaged in purchasing appliances•Ethnographic fieldwork that considers material and social aspects of appliancepurchasing in situ

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Contributions
 Complementing common understandings
 Not only gender is determinant of sustainable behavior
 More equitable participation in household functions arealso relevantContact: Jordi Cravioto
c‐jordi@iae.kyoto‐u.ac.jp
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