Display Design andDevelopment Solutions
Leader in Display Technology Development

Agenda• Silvaco Background• Display Technologies– Market, R&D Drivers– Challenges and Solutions– Silvaco Success in Display Technologies• Silvaco Solutions for Display Technologies– Flow Overview– Technology Development– Design and Verification
Copyright │ ©2023 Silvaco, Inc.

2

Silvaco at a Glance
Enabling semiconductor innovation from atoms to systems
Silvaco Leadership

Design, Simulate, Analyze, and Verify
from Concept to Complete Product Yield

8 of 10(1)600+Largest Display
Companies Use
Silvaco’s TCAD

TCAD

6 of 10(2)Largest Semiconductor
Companies Use
Silvaco’s EDA

Customers

200+260+

University Customers

Employees

Global Presence

SIP

Automotive

IoT

5G / 6G

EDA

Display

MemoryCopyright │ ©2023 Silvaco, Inc.

Headquarters &Development Center
Silicon Valley, USA

HPC

Power1)
2)

Largest in terms of revenue from Q2'2020 to Q2'2022 according to DSCC.
Largest in terms of 2021 revenue according to IC Insights.

3Display Device Technology
Market, R&D Drivers
Differing Design Goals
TV/Monitor

Phone

ARVR

Info Display

Phone

AR

VR

458PPI(1284X2778)
421PPI(2400X1080)

720P(1280X720 px)
Aspectratio :16:9

WUXGA(1920X1200)~304 X 256

Resolution

4K(3840X2160)
8K(7680X4320)

Active Area

2000mm X
1500 mm

78 mm X
160mm

14.1mm X
7.92mm

21.1mm X
13.2mm

3.65mm X
3.07mm

Display Inch60”~100”

5.4” ~ 6.7”

0.64”

1”~1.5”

0.19”

Frame Rate

60Hz ~240Hz

60Hz~120Hz

Up to 120Hz

Up to 120Hz

Up to 20Hz

T: 35mA/cm2
M : 3A/cm2

T: 25mA/cm2
M : 2A/cm2

T: 25mA/cm2
M : 1.8A/cm2

T: 25mA/cm2
M : 2A/cm2

T: 25mA/cm2
M : 1.3A/cm2>200mW(@300 cd/m2)

200mW(@300 cd/m2)

160mW(@300 cd/m2)

200mW(@300 cd/m2)

1~3mW(@300 cd/m2)

FeatureDisplay Size

Frame RateTV/ MonitorResolution

Free ShapeBrightness

Typ/MaxCurrent

PowerInfoDisplay

PowerCopyright │ ©2023 Silvaco, Inc.

4

Display Device Technology
Market, R&D Drivers• New substrate technologies, as well as integrated sensors– Flexible and stretchable substrates– Optical sensors for biometric authorization• Automotive: Driver Assist Heads Up Displays, Immersive Infotainment systems• Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) are rapidly growing consumer andindustrial markets, bring new challenges to display performance• Specific end-application focus needed to develop display technology anddisplay designs to meet the specific needs of these evolving markets
Copyright │ ©2023 Silvaco, Inc.

5

Display Device Technology
Market, R&D Drivers• “Metaverse” driving lots of attention on VR / AR / MR but with many challenges– How to create a virtual reality space so advanced that the difference from reality is unrecognizable– Requires high resolution, good uniformity, wide viewing angle, high contrast, wide color gamut, andnovel optics• uLED / uOLED displays deliver distinct advantages over traditional LCD solutions, and are key

to delivering high luminance and contrast in Automotive, AR / VR, and other applications• Backplane technologies that maximize help to achieve high resolution and low power

consumption

Copyright │ ©2023 Silvaco, Inc.

6

Challenges and Silvaco Solutions
Challenges

Silvaco Solutions• Physics-Accurate Design, requires
co-design and/or short learning
loops

Technology &Design
Coordination

Industry’s Only
Complete Offering• LTPS and IGZO TFTs
• µOLED, µLED, Quantum Dot• Flexible Substrates

New Materials
and Devices

2D/3D TCAD
Solution• Materials, Models, and Features
required for Physics-Accurate Device
Technology Development• Dynamic Refresh Rates• Dense Pixels Per Inch
• High Contrast, High Luminance

Expanded
Performance
Specifications

Technology Physics
integrated into PixelDesign• Mixed Mode incorporates TCAD
physics accuracy into SPICE
functional circuit design• Image Retention Issues• Hysteresis Effects• Mechanical Stress Effects

Reliability /Degradation
Mechanisms

Physics andFunctionality toEmpower Engineers• TCAD and SPICE Models with Target
Physics• SPICE functionality to capture
application-specific behavior• Disruptive technologies mustmeet market timing, while

Development
Cost / Time To
MarketIndustry leader inDisplay
Development• Integrated tools, Industry Proven• Experienced support team withexpertise supporting leading display
manufacturers

Copyright │ ©2023 Silvaco, Inc.

• TCAD for Device Physics• SPICE modeling• Simulation, design, and layout

7

Silvaco Leadership
Display – Technology Development and Design

SILVACO vs. Competition• Adopted at industry leaders– Only vendor offering complete flow, including

SilvacoCompetitor #1

Competitor #2

Competitor #3

TCAD and SPICE Modeling, to the Display
industry• Hundreds of customers, using Silvaco Solutions

TCAD Simulation
Reliability Physics
Modeling (TCAD)

Technical Supportfor Display Technology Development and Display
Design– Supported by responsive and knowledgeable
Circuit Simulation(Speed)FAE teamParastic Extraction
and Reduction• Deep collaboration with research and academia

to develop tools for new and emerging
technologies• Agile R&D team to respond to unique customer

Circuit Simulation(accuracy)

Device SPICE
Modeling
CAD/Verification
Flowrequirements
Copyright │ ©2023 Silvaco, Inc.

8Customer Testimonials
Silvaco Tools Enable Innovation for Display Development“Due to Silvaco’s product lineupand technical support, we can lookforward to a high total
performance for future OLED
design and development …”“In the design and development of high-quality liquid crystal
displays pursued by Sharp Display Devices Company, a fastand highly accurate simulation environment is essential. Due toSilvaco’s product lineup and technical support, we can lookforward to a high total performance for future OLED design anddevelopment as well”.

Noboru Matsuda, Deputy General Manager
Sharp Display Device CompanyCopyright │ ©2023 Silvaco, Inc.

“We chose Silvaco for theircomplete extraction solution for
TFT sensors …”“Trixell builds displays for X-ray imaging, and we havedemanding performance-driven feature and manufacturing
requirements. We chose Silvaco for their complete extraction
solution for TFT sensors, which is reliable, consistent, and wellsupported. Our prior toolset was a collection of point tools that
did not meet our requirements for consistent analysis andproduct support. The technical team at Silvaco has been
excellent and quickly brought up our new analysis flow”.

Simon Marecaux, Design Leader
Trixell9Silvaco – Display Solutions
Flow Overview

Copyright │ ©2023 Silvaco, Inc.

10Silvaco solutions cover all stages of thedisplay development and design process

Victory Process

Utmost IV

Victory Device

Gateway

Victory RCx Pro

SmartSpice

SmartDRC/LVS

ExpertCopyright │ ©2023 Silvaco, Inc.

11

Display Development
From Concept to Foundry

Design Technology
Co-Optimization

Device Technology Development
Process
Information

DeviceLayoutProcess
Simulation

DeviceSimulation

ExpertVictory Process

Victory Device

Or Other
GDSII Source
TCAD

EDA
Copyright │ ©2023 Silvaco, Inc.

Experimentation
Optimization

Display Panel Design
Parasitic
Extraction

SchematicEditor

Circuit
Simulation

Victory RCx Pro

Gateway

SmartSpiceDeviceModeling

Physical
LayoutPhysicalVerification

Utmost IV

ExpertSmartDRC/LVS

Foundry12

Display Development
Solving Technology + Design Issues

Examples requiring TCAD physics-based simulations• Reliability issues (e.g., aging, hysteresis effects)• Physical design issues (e.g., cross talk)• Process change, device variability, new materials

Design Layout 1

DeviceLayoutExpertDeviceLayoutProcess
Simulation

DeviceSimulation

DeviceModeling

Victory Process

Victory Device

Utmost IV

ExpertDesign Layout N

Copyright │ ©2023 Silvaco, Inc.

Device + Circuit Co-simulation
Device Optimization
Device Experimentation

Optimal Device

CircuitSimulation
SmartSpice13

Technology Development

Copyright │ ©2023 Silvaco, Inc.

14

Backplane Technology Development
Physics-Accurate Process and Device TCAD
• Complete coverage for multiple transistor types- a-Si TFT, poly-Si TFT, Oxide TFT, Bulk CMOS
• Various types of simulation conditions- Temperature, illumination- Electrical Stress and Aging- Mechanical (Bending) stress- Manufacturing process (Grain effects, Hydrogeneffects, etc.)• Physics model for TFTs
- Drift / Diffusion Simulation- Bump / tail density of states modeling- Mobility models specific to poly-Si and amorphousmaterials
Copyright │ ©2023 Silvaco, Inc.

15

Frontplane Technology Development
Physics-Accurate Process and Device TCAD
• OLED, LCD, MicroLED• 2D/3D Structure• OLED Physics– Density of States Modeling​, Drift-Diffusion/Poole-Frenkel mobility model​,Bimolecular Langevin Recombination​, Exciton
Rate equation: single/triplet exciton profiles​,Radiative rate for luminescence or
phosphorescence​• LCD Electrical/Optical Simulation• Reverse Ray Tracing​– External efficiency, Angular power plot, Optical

output coupling, Near and far field patterns​
Copyright │ ©2023 Silvaco, Inc.

16Co-Design of Device Technology and Circuit - MixedMode Simulation
TCAD Physics-based TFT and OLED Simulation Coupled with SPICE Circuit Simulation
Physics-based devices are used when accuratecompact models do not exist, or when high accuracy
device physics is required
Driving TFT

Scan TFT

Red Color: 5 frames Dark and 10 fames GrayBlue Color: 5 frames White and 10 fames Gray

OLEDOLED(a) Time=5μs
Copyright │ ©2023 Silvaco, Inc.

OLED

Potential Map(b) Time=46μs17

Resolve Image Retention, Sticking, Aging, and Hysteresis Issues
Silvaco Proprietary 4-Terminal TFT Model

SmartSpice Unique Flex Modeling• Single model to explore display design decisions• Enables simulation of dynamic modeling effects• More accurate and true to how the TFT functions• Helps resolve image quality issues• Provides a modeling advantage for display design • Display designers can now resolve image quality
issues at simulation time
• Adopted in a wide range of technologies• Unique solution, only available in SmartSpiceImage retention, sticking, persistence, residual image

Copyright │ ©2023 Silvaco, Inc.

18

High Accuracy and Flexible Spice Model Generation
Connect Technology to Design

Optimization using Rubberbanding• Flexible Extraction Strategy– A variety of optimization algorithms, enabling flexible strategies forparameter extraction such as Differential Evolution, Genetic Algorithm,
Hooke-Jeeves’ Hybrid, Levenberg-Marquardt, Parallel Tempering,
Simulated Annealing– This flexible strategy enables designers obtain better fitting results evenfor strange curves that are difficult to extract with a deterministicstrategy used in other tools•TFT Compact Models– RPI Amorphous-Si TFT Model– RPI polysilicon TFT Model– Universal Organic TFT Model– CINVESTAV-URV Metal-Oxide TFT Model– 4-terminal Silvaco proprietary TFT Model

Fitting results for p-Si TFT device• Verilog-A•

UTMOST IV supports Verilog-A parameter extraction, widely used inthe display industry
Copyright │ ©2023 Silvaco, Inc.

19

Design and Verification

Copyright │ ©2023 Silvaco, Inc.

20

Smart Design Tools for Flexible Circuit Design
For circuit analysis and optimum design

Gateway + Device Explorer

SmartSpice + Rubberbanding• Design engineers must understand basic characteristics• When co-optimizing of the design and manufacturingof the TFT (I-V, C-V, temp., W/L dependent)

processes, trial and error by prototypes is costly• Basic characteristics of the device in a circuit schematic• Slider interface allows investigating circuit performance

are immediately accessible, and can be explored insimulationin real time, changing design and model parameters

Copyright │ ©2023 Silvaco, Inc.

21

System Level Verification of FPD Products
SmartSpice Signal Integrity•

SmartSpice signal integrity simulations••

S-Parameter (Touchstone format), W-element, and IBIS

Simulation model can be developed to check signaltransmission quality from the PCB to the display device

Scan driver(on panel)
IBIS

Data driver(IC pkg)

pixel array

Display panel

W-element model

Copyright │ ©2023 Silvaco, Inc.

W-element / S-parameter model / Electrical Board Description (.ebd) model
LVDS differential buffers (IBIS model)

FPC (flexible printed circuit)
IBISVideo
signalsource(PWL VSRC)IBISInternal logics are unknown (black box)
Only IBIS models are available22Display Layout Solution with Display Specific Functionality
Expert• Full feature, custom layout editor​• Integrated design flow for productivity & ease-of-use​• Customizable menus, and GUI​ - toolbars​, panels• Productivity features​– DRC Assist​, Edit-In-Place​, Connectivity highlighting​, Shortlocator​, Embedded Layout vs Layout​’ Cross-sectionalViewer​– Flat Panel Display Features​: Equal-Resistance Router,

Route along curve, Pixel with frame, Fan shapeconnections, Clone wires, Slot wires …
• OpenAccess and iPDK Support​• Powerful Java scripting capability​ and API for external control

via Python scripts​• DXF file import / export
Copyright │ ©2023 Silvaco, Inc.

23

Physics Accurate RC Parasitic Extraction
Victory RCx Pro• High accuracy– Adaptive meshing feature allowing accurate computation of capacitances in pixels on the order of a few femto-farad.
• Covers cell level and full panel• Easy to Use– Graphical user interface developed through many years of collaboration with FPD vendors– Victory RCx Pro can be launched directly from Silvaco’s Expert layout tool
• LCD Option– Support of optical simulation

Copyright │ ©2023 Silvaco, Inc.

24

Large Scale Circuit Simulation
SmartSpice Pro

SmartSpice Pro enables large scale circuit
simulation within a acceptable computational time

Pulse transfer check in V-driver• Logical verification– Logical verification of driver circuits– Detection of simple human errors such as

misconnections• If both layout and circuit schematic are wrong, LVS
will pass• Full screen simulation

54 Tr / stage x 1080
stage = 58,320 Tr– Simulate several hundred million elements ofarrayed pixel circuits to check image quality

RuntimeSmartSpice

9d 14hSmartSpicePro

3h 34min– Estimate IR Drop– For designs with many RC parasitic elements,

reduction by built-in “Jivaro Pro” maintains
accuracy while increasing simulation speedCopyright │ ©2023 Silvaco, Inc.

Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2667 v3@ 3.20GHz, 8core, memory : 64
GB25

SmartDRC/LVS with SmartRDEHigh Speed Physical Verification with Debugger

Highly competitive performance• The processing speed of Smart DRC is fast andhighly scalable to the number of CPU cores• Particularly suitable for customers who have manyCPU cores

DRC Hierarchical Error Report• In Display, non-orthogonal shapes are frequently

used. As a result, many pseudo-errors aregenerated, and visual confirmation of each error isessential. Highly readable error reports arerequired• The “Hierarchical error reporting" featuresignificantly improves error readability

Copyright │ ©2023 Silvaco, Inc.

26

Silvaco is leading the way for next generation
Display Device Technology development

Victory Process

Utmost IV

Victory Device

Gateway

Victory RCx Pro

SmartSpice

SmartDRC/LVS

Experthttps://silvaco.com/solutions/display-technology/

Copyright │ ©2023 Silvaco, Inc.

27