䊐䉳䉺ᛛⴚ⎇ⓥႎ๔㩷╙ 46 ภ㩷 㩷 2010 ᐕኅᐸ↪䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓䈱ല₸⊛䈭䉣䊈䊦䉩䊷࿁෼䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱㐿⊒㩷ศ ↰ 㩷 ⠹ ᴦ㩷 㩷ਭ଻↰㩷 ᵗ㩷㈬੗㩷 ᦭Ꮧ⍹ Ꮉ 㩷 శ ␽㩷⍫ ፉ 㩷 ⡡㩷 㩷᭎㩷ⷐᜬ⛯น⢻䈭␠ળ䈻䈱㑐ᔃ䈎䉌䇮ౣ↢น⢻䈭䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴䈱೑ᵴ↪䈏ㅴ䉄䉌䉏䈩䈇䉎䇯䈠䈱৻䈧䈪䈅䉎㘩ຠᑄ᫈‛䈲ᐕ㑆⚂ 1,900 ਁ䊃䊮ឃ಴䈘䉏䇮䈠䈱 45% 䉕භ䉄䉎੐ᬺ♽䈪䈲䊥䉰䉟䉪䊦₸䈱ะ਄䈏⷗䉌䉏䉎䈱䈮ኻ䈚䇮৻⥸ኅᐸ䈎䉌ឃ಴䈘䉏䉎⚂ 1,000 ਁ䊃䊮䈱↢䈗䉂䈱೑ᵴ↪䈲䈗䈒䉒䈝䈎䈪䈅䉎䇯ㄭᐕ㓸ว૑ቛ䈮䈍䈇䈩䇮䉨䉾䉼䊮䈱䉲䊮䉪䈪↢䈗䉂ಣℂ䈏䈪䈐䉎䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱䈱᥉෸䈏ㅴ䉖䈪䈇䉎䇯䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱䉕ዉ౉䈜䉎䈫䇮ේೣ䈫䈚䈩䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓䈲䈠䈱䉁䉁ਅ᳓㆏䈻ឃ಴䈪䈐䈝䇮䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓ಣℂ䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱⸳⟎䈏᳞䉄䉌䉏䉎䇯ᧄ⎇ⓥ䈪䈲䇮䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓ಣℂ䉲䉴䊁䊛䈫ห╬䈱ಣℂᕈ⢻䉕ᜬ䈤䈭䈏䉌䇮ឃ᳓ಣℂㆊ⒟䈮䈍䈇䈩↢䈗䉂䉕䊋䉟䉥䉧䉴ൻ䈚䇮䉣䊈䊦䉩䊷䈫䈚䈩䊥䉰䉟䉪䊦䈪䈐䉎↢䈗䉂ಣℂ䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱᭴▽䉕ⴕ䈦䈢䇯䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱䈮䉋䉍⎕⎈䈘䉏䈢ឃ᳓ਛ䈱↢䈗䉂䉕ല₸⊛䈮䊋䉟䉥䉧䉴ൻ䈘䈞䉎䈢䉄䈮䈲䇮Ꮧ⭯䈮ሽ࿷䈜䉎࿕ᒻ‛䉕ૐ䉣䊈䊦䉩䊷䈎䈧㜞ല₸䈮࿁෼䈚䈭䈔䉏䈳䈭䉌䈭䈇䇯䉁䈢䇮䊜䉺䊮⊒㉂ⵝ⟎ዉ౉䉋䉎ⵝ⟎ⷙᮨ᜛ᄢ䉕ᛥ೙䈜䉎䈢䉄䇮䊜䉺䊮⊒㉂䈱ṛ⇐ᤨ㑆⍴❗䇮ⵝ⟎䈱䉮䊮䊌䉪䊃ൻ䉕䈚䈭䈔䉏䈳䈭䉌䈭䈇䇯䈖䉏䉌䈱⺖㗴䉕⸃᳿䈜䉎䈢䉄䇮䊄䊤䊛ᑼ࿕ᶧಽ㔌ⵝ⟎䇮䊜䉺䊮䋭䊜䉺䊮ੑᲑ⊒㉂䇮ᅢ᳇䍃ህ᳇࿁ಽᑼឃ᳓ಣℂ䈎䉌䈭䉎↢䈗䉂ಣℂ䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱ᬌ⸛䉕ⴕ䈦䈢䇯ᧄ䉲䉴䊁䊛䈲䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓䈮฽䉁䉏䉎࿕ᒻ‛䉕 67%࿁෼䈚䇮࿁෼‛ਛ䈱὇⚛䉕 83% 䊋䉟䉥䉧䉴䈮ᄌ឵䈚䇮ឃ಴᳓䈲䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓ၮḰ䉕ḩ䈢䈜䈖䈫䈮ᚑഞ䈚䈢䇯㩷

Development of the effective energy recovery system from kitchen garbage disposer effluent
Abstract
Biomass use in Japan is increasing year-on-year due both to high oil price and desire to build a moresustainable society. Food waste is a large source of biomass, with around 19 million tons being disposed ofeach year. Forty-five percent of the total (8.4 Mt) is industrial food waste - of which 56% was being recycled
by 2006. In comparison, research suggests only 5% of the 10.6Mt is currently recycled.
Recently, domestic garbage disposers have become increasingly common, especially in condominiums.
When such garbage disposers are set up, many local governments require the installation of treatment
facilities to prevent adding any pollution load to sewerage system. We investigated a recycling-oriented
kitchen garbage effluent treatment system, which incorporates methane fermentation into these facilities.
We set some targets for the system as follows:
1. Solid matter in dilute disposer effluent is collected efficiently at low energy.
2. Carbone and nitrogen in kitchen garbage are converted into biogas or removed efficiently.
3. The facility is compact.
We have developed a high performance kitchen garbage treatment system containing a drum-typesolid-liquid separator, methane-methane two step-wise fermentation and aerobic-anaerobic batch-wise
treatment facilities. We collect 67% of solids in disposer effluent and convert 83% of carbon in the solids
into biogas, with sufficient clarification potential to allow the discharge of the treated effluent intosewerage.

䉨䊷䊪䊷䊄䋺 䊜䉺䊮⊒㉂㩷 ࿕ᶧಽ㔌㩷 ឃ᳓㩷㩷㩷㩷ಣℂ㩷 ↢䈗䉂㩷 䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴䋭㪎㪎䋭䊐䉳䉺ᛛⴚ⎇ⓥႎ๔㩷 ╙ 46 ภ䈖䉏䈮Ḱ᜚䈚䈩ᄙ䈒䈱⥄ᴦ૕䈪䈲䇮䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱䉕ዉ౉䈜䉎႐§䋱䋮䈲䈛䉄䈮㩷ว䇮ឃ᳓ಣℂⵝ⟎䈱⸳⟎䉕⟵ോઃ䈔䈩䈇䉎䇯䈚䈎䈚䈭䈏䉌䊂䉞䉴ㄭᐕ䇮䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴೑ᵴ↪䈻䈱ᯏㆇ䈏㜞䉁䈦䈩䈇䉎䇯䈠䈱ℂ↱䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓ಣℂ䉲䉴䊁䊛䈪䈲䇮↢䈗䉂䈱ౣ⾗Ḯൻ䈏⠨ᘦ䈘䉏䈩䈫䈚䈩䇮ᜬ⛯น⢻䈭␠ળ᭴▽䈻䈱Ꮧ᳞䇮ੑ㉄ൻ὇⚛ឃ಴㊂䈱೥䈍䉌䈝䇮↢ᵴ♽↢䈗䉂䈱䊥䉰䉟䉪䊦₸䉕ะ਄䈘䈞䉎਄䈪䈱⺖㗴䈫ᷫ䈭䈬䈏᜼䈕䉌䉏䉎䇯䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴䈱ਛ䈪䈲㘩ຠᑄ᫈‛䈲䇮ᐕ㑆䈭䈦䈩䈇䉎䇯

1,888 ਁ䊃䊮䈫⊒↢㊂䈏ᄙ䈇䈮䉅㑐䉒䉌䈝䇮ౣ⾗Ḯൻ₸䈏ૐ䈇䈱䈏․ᓽ䈪䈅䉎䇯㘩ຠ⵾ㅧᬺ䉇ዊᄁᬺ䈭䈬੐ᬺ⠪䉕ኻ⽎䈫䈚䈢§䋲䋮ᧄ㐿⊒䈱⿰ᣦ㩷㘩ຠ䊥䉰䉟䉪䊦ᴺ䈱೙ቯ䈮䉋䉍䇮੐ᬺ♽↢䈗䉂ឃ಴㊂䈲ᐔᚑ 18ᐕᐲ䈮 843 ਁ䊃䊮䉁䈪ᷫዋ䈚䇮䈠䈱䈉䈤䈱 56䋦䈏ౣ↢೑↪䈘䉏↢䈗䉂䈲᳓ಽ䉕ᄙ䈒฽䉃䉡䉢䉾䊃䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴䈪䈅䉍䇮䈖䉏䈮ㆡ䈩䈇䉎䈏䇮↢ᵴ♽↢䈗䉂䈱ឃ಴㊂䈲ᮮ䈳䈇䈏⛯䈐䇮หᐕᐲឃ಴䈜䉎䊜䉺䊮⊒㉂䈪䊋䉟䉥䉧䉴ൻ䇮ᓧ䉌䉏䈢䉧䉴䉕Ά὾䈘䈞䉎䈖䈫䈮㊂ 1,045 ਁ䊃䊮䈪ౣ⾗Ḯൻ₸䈲䉒䈝䈎 5%䈫ૐㅅ䈚䈩䈇䉎 1)䇯

䉋䈦䈩䇮㔚᳇䉇ᾲ䈮ᄌ឵䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎䇯䊂䉞䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓䈲↢↢ᵴ♽䈱↢䈗䉂䈲䇮ㇺᏒㇱ䈪䈲䈾䈫䉖䈬䈏นΆ䈗䉂䈫䈚䈩෼䈗䉂䉕⎕⎈䈜䉎䈢䉄䈱᳓䈫䉨䉾䉼䊮ឃ᳓䈱ᷙวឃ᳓䈪䈅䉍䇮᦭㓸䈘䉏䇮὾ළಣಽ䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䇯↢䈗䉂䈲᳓ಽ䉕฽䉖䈪㊀䈇䈖䈫䇮ᯏ‛䈏㕖Ᏹ䈮Ꮧ⭯䈮䈭䈦䈩䈇䉎䈢䉄䇮䊋䉟䉥䉧䉴ൻ䈮䉋䉎䉣䊈⣣ᢌ䈚䉇䈜䈒ᖡ⥇䈱ේ࿃䈫䈭䉎䈖䈫䇮ⴡ↢ኂ⯻䈱⊒↢Ḯ䈫䈭䉎䈖䊦䉩䊷࿁෼䈏࿎㔍䈪䈅䉎䇯䈚䈢䈏䈦䈩䇮ല₸⊛䈭᦭ᯏ‛࿁෼ᛛ䈫䈎䉌䇮䈖䉏䉌䉕⸃᳿䈜䉎䉅䈱䈫䈚䈩ㄭᐕ䇮ㇺᏒㇱ䈱㓸ว૑ቛ䉕ⴚ䈱⏕┙䈮䉋䈦䈩䇮䉣䊈䊦䉩䊷࿁෼䈮ነਈ䈪䈐䉎䉅䈱䈪䈅䉎䇯ਛᔃ䈮䇮ኅᐸ↪䈱䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱䈱᥉෸䈏ㅴ䉖䈪䈇䉎䇯䉨䉾䉼䊮ᧄ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒䈪䈲䇮䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓䈎䉌᦭ᯏ‛䉕ല₸⊛䈮࿁䈱䉲䊮䉪䈮䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱䉕⸳⟎䈚䇮↢䈗䉂䉕⎕⎈䈚䇮ឃ᳓䈫䈚䈩෼䈚䇮䊋䉟䉥䉧䉴ൻ䈮䉋䉎↢䈗䉂䈱ౣ⾗Ḯൻ₸䉕ะ਄䈘䈞䇮䊂䉞ᵹ䈜䉅䈱䈪䇮૑᳃䈮䈫䈦䈩䈲↢䈗䉂䈱ឃ಴䉕ⴕ䉒䈭䈒䈩ᷣ䉂䇮↢䉴䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓ၮḰ䉕ḩ䈢䈜࿕ᶧಽ㔌ⵝ⟎䇮䊜䉺䊮⊒㉂ⵝ⟎䇮ឃ䈗䉂䈱⊒↢䈱ㇺᐲಣℂ䈪䈐䉎䈱䈪䇮↢䈗䉂䈱⣣ᢌ䉇ᖡ⥇⊒↢᳓ಣℂⵝ⟎䉕⚵䉂ว䉒䈞䈢↢ᵴ♽↢䈗䉂ಣℂ䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱᭴▽䈏ዋ䈭䈇䈫䈇䈦䈢䊜䊥䉾䊃䈏䈅䉎䇯䈢䈣䈚ᣣᧄ䈪䈲ਅ᳓ಣℂ႐䈻䉕ⴕ䈦䈢䇯ో૕⊛䈭䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱᭎ⷐ䉕࿑ 1 䈮␜䈜䇯䈖䉏䉌 3 㗄⋡䈱ᵹ౉⽶⩄䉕ᛥ೙䈜䉎䈢䉄䇮䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓䉕ಣℂ䈜䉎਄䈪䈮䈧䈇䈩ᦨㆡൻ䈱䈢䉄䈱ᬌ⸛䉕䈠䉏䈡䉏ⴕ䈇䇮䈠䈱৻ㅪ䈱䉲䈱ၮḰ 2) 䋨એਅ䇸䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓ၮḰ䇹䈫䈇䈉䋩䈏ቯ䉄䉌䉏䈢䇯䉴䊁䊛䈫䈚䈩ዊဳ䈱ታ⸽⹜㛎ⵝ⟎䉕⸳⸘䇮⵾૞䈚䈢䇯ဃƝǈȇǣǹȝȸǶǬǹțȫȀᏮᄑችᙌႆᩓೞȜǤȩȸᩓщ༏‫׍‬෩Ўᩉȡǿȳႆᣞ಺ฆӳ಺੎൦ϼྸᘺፗ൲ථ્්јྙႎƳ‫࢟׍‬Ў‫ׅ‬ӓ২ᘐ෩ᏄјྙႎƳȐǤǪǬǹ҄২ᘐ໯ᕤදƴǑǔ˯ǳǹȈᏮN২ᘐ࿑ 1.㩷 䉣䊈䊦䉩䊷࿁෼ဳ䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓ಣℂ䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱᭎ⷐ㜞ᯏ⢻↢ᵴ♽↢䈗䉂ಣℂ䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱᭎ⷐ䋭㪎㪏䋭ኅᐸ↪䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓䈱ല₸⊛䈭䉣䊈䊦䉩䊷࿁෼䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱㐿⊒§䋳. ࿕ᶧಽ㔌㩷ᰴ䈮⵾⚕ᬺ䈪૶↪䈘䉏䉎䊄䊤䊛ᑼ࿕ᶧಽ㔌ⵝ⟎䉕૶↪䈚䈩䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓䈻䈱ㆡ↪⹜㛎䉕ⴕ䈦䈢䇯ⵝ⟎䈲䊄䊤䊛᏷ 1m䇮䊄䊤䊛⋥ᓘ 1 m䇮ᮏኈ㊂⚂ 1 m3 䈪䇮䊄䊤䊛⴫㕙䈮 0.15

㪊㪅㪈㩷 䈲䈛䉄䈮㩷⎕⎈䈘䉏䈢↢䈗䉂䉕ᧄ䉲䉴䊁䊛䈪ല₸⊛䈮䉣䊈䊦䉩䊷ᄌmm 䊜䉾䉲䊠䉕ᒛ䈦䈢䇯⹜ᢱ䈮䈲䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱ᮨᡆឃ᳓䉕↪

឵䈜䉎䈢䉄䈮䈲䇮ឃ᳓ਛ䈱࿕ᒻಽ䉕ૐ䉣䊈䊦䉩䊷䈪ല₸䉋䈒䈇䇮⹜㛎㐿ᆎᤨ䈲䊄䊤䊛䉕஗ᱛ䈘䈞䇮᳓㗡Ꮕ䈏 30 cm એ਄䈫࿁෼䈚䇮䊜䉺䊮⊒㉂䈮ଏ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏⢄ⷐ䈪䈅䉎䇯䈠䈖䈪ᦨㆡ䈭䈭䈦䈢䈫䈐䈮䊄䊤䊛䈱࿁ォ䉕㐿ᆎ䈚䈢䇯࿁ォᢙ䈲㑆ᰳ䉺䉟䊙䊷࿕ᶧಽ㔌ᛛⴚ㐿⊒䈮ะ䈔䈩䇮䊒䊧䉮䊷䊃ᴺ䈮䉋䉎䊄䊤䊛ᑼ࿕䉕↪䈇䈩⺞ᢛ䈚䈢䇯䊄䊤䊛䈱ਛ䈱ㅢㆊ᳓䈲ᓴⅣ䈘䈞䈢䇯ฦ᳓ᶧಽ㔌ⵝ⟎䈮䉋䉎࿕ᒻಽ䈱࿁෼ᣇᴺ䉕ᬌ⸛䈚䈢䇯ᧄⓂ䈪⸒䈉㗡Ꮕ䈱ฦᲑ㓏䈫䇮࿁ォᓟ 10䇮30䇮60 ಽᓟ䈮䉰䊮䊒䊥䊮䉫䉕ⴕ䊒䊧䉮䊷䊃䈫䈲䇮䊜䉾䉲䊠䈭䈬䈱⴫㕙䈮࿕ᶧಽ㔌䈚䉋䈉䈫䈜䉎ឃ䈦䈢䇯࿕ᶧಽ㔌ᤨ䈱䊄䊤䊛⴫㕙䈱⁁ᴫ䉕࿑ 3 䈮␜䈜䇯䊒䊧䉮᳓䈮฽䉁䉏䉎࿕ᒻ‛䉕ઃ⌕䈘䈞䇮ᒻᚑ䈘䈞䈢䈤ኒ䈭䉐ㆊጀ䉕䊷䊃䈏ᒻᚑ䈘䉏䇮䉐ㆊ᳓ਛ䈱 SS Ớᐲ䈲᳓㗡Ꮕ䈏ᄢ䈐䈒䈭䉎䈾ᜰ䈜䇯䊒䊧䉮䊷䊃䈮䉋䈦䈩 Ộᓸ☸ሶ䉕᝝ᝒ䈜䉎䉅䈱䈪䈅䉎䇯䈬ૐਅ䈚䈢䇯࿕ᒻಽ䈱࿁෼₸䈲䇮㊀ജᴉ㒠䈱䉂䈪䈲 50%䈪䊄䊤䊛ᑼ䈱࿕ᶧಽ㔌ⵝ⟎䈪䈲䇮䊄䊤䊛ౝᄖ䈮᳓㗡Ꮕ䉕↢䈛䈘䈅䈦䈢䈱䈮ኻ䈚䇮䈖䈱䊄䊤䊛ᑼ࿕ᶧಽ㔌ⵝ⟎䉕૬↪䈜䉎䈖䈫䈮䈞䇮䊄䊤䊛ᄖ䈱 Ộᶧ䈏䊄䊤䊛ౝ䈻ᵹ䉏䉋䈉䈫䈜䉎ᤨ䇮䊄䊤䊛䈮䉋䈦䈩 67%䉁䈪ะ਄䈚䈢 3) 䇯䈖䉏䈮䉋䉍䇮᳓㗡Ꮕ䉕ᒻᚑ䊶⛽ᜬᒛ䉌䉏䈢䊜䉾䉲䊠⴫㕙䈮 Ộ‛䈱䊒䊧䉮䊷䊃䉕ᒻᚑ䈘䈞䇮☻ᄢ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈪䇮⦟ᅢ䈭࿕ᶧಽ㔌䈏ⴕ䈋䉎䈖䈫䈏␜ໂ䈘䉏䈢䇯☸ሶ䈫䈫䉅䈮䊜䉾䉲䊠䉰䉟䉵䉋䉍ᓸ⚦䈭☸ሶ䈏࿁෼䈘䉏䉎䇯䈖䈱䊄䊤䊛䉕ૐㅦ䈪࿁ォ䈘䈞䉎䈖䈫䈪ㅪ⛯⊛䈮ឃ᳓ਛ䈮฽䉁䉏䉎㪊㪅㪊㩷 ࿕ᶧಽ㔌䈱䉁䈫䉄㩷࿕ᒻ‛䉕࿁෼䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎䇯䈖䈖䈪䈲䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓ၮᧄ㗄䈪᭴▽䈚䈢࿕ᶧಽ㔌ⵝ⟎䈲䇮࿕ᒻಽ䈏ૐỚᐲ䈱䊂䉞Ḱ䈮䈍䈇䈩䇮ឃ᳓ಣℂ䉲䉴䊁䊛䈻䈱ᵹ౉᳓䈱ᶋㆆ‛⾰ (SS)䉴䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓䈎䉌ല₸䉋䈒࿕ᒻಽ䉕㒰෰䈚䇮ᷡẴ䈭䉐᳓䉕ᓧỚᐲ䈱ᮡḰ୯䈏 1,340 mg/L䇮䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱ឃ᳓ಣℂㇱ䈎䉌䈱䉎䈖䈫䈏น⢻䈫䈭䈦䈢䇯䈖䈱⚿ᨐ䇮᦭ᯏ‛䈱࿁෼㊂䈱Ⴧട䈮䉋ᵹ಴᳓䈱 SS Ớᐲ䈱ၮḰ䈏 400 mg/L ᧂḩ䈫䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䈖䈫䉍䇮ᓟᲑ䈮䈅䉎䊜䉺䊮⊒㉂䈪䈱䊋䉟䉥䉧䉴↢↥㊂䈱Ⴧട䈮❬䉕〯䉁䈋䇮SS ࿁෼₸䉕 70䋦䈫䈜䉎䈖䈫䉕⋡ᮡ䈫䈚䈢䇯䈏䉎䉅䈱䈫䈭䈦䈢䇯㪊㪅㪉㩷 䊄䊤䊛ᑼ࿕ᶧಽ㔌ⵝ⟎䉕↪䈇䈢࿕ᶧಽ㔌㩷ᧄታ㛎䈪䈲䉁䈝䇮䊤䊗䉴䉬䊷䊦䈱䊄䊤䊛ᑼ࿕ᶧಽ㔌ⵝ⟎䉕૞⵾䈚䈩⹜㛎䉕ⴕ䈦䈢䇯䈖䈱ⵝ⟎䈱䊄䊤䊛⋥ᓘ䈲 20 cm䇮䊄䊤䊛᏷䈲 20 cm 䈪䈅䉎䇯⴫㕙䈱䊜䉾䉲䊠䈱⋡㐿䈐䉕 0.5䇮0.15mm 䈮⸳ቯ䈚䈢䇯ේ᳓䈮䈲䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓䉕ᮨᡆ䈚䈢䇮SSỚᐲ 600 mg/L 䈱᦭ᯏᕈឃ᳓䉕૶↪䈚䈢䇯
0.5 mm 䊜䉾䉲䊠䉕↪䈇䈢⹜㛎䈪䈲䊒䊧䉮䊷䊃䈱ᒻᚑ䈏⹺䉄䉌䉏䈭䈎䈦䈢䈏䇮0.15 mm 䊜䉾䉲䊠䉕↪䈇䈢⹜㛎䈮䈍䈇䈩䈲䇮᳓㗡Ꮕ䈏ᄢ䈐䈒䈭䉎䈖䈫䈪䊄䊤䊛⴫㕙䈮䊒䊧䉮䊷䊃䈏ᒻᚑ䈘䉏(࿑ 2)䇮᳓㗡Ꮕ 20 cm 䈪 SS Ớᐲ䈏 70 mg/L 䉁䈪ૐਅ䈚䈢䇯࿁෼₸䈲 88䋦䈪䈅䈦䈢䈖䈫䈎䉌䇮䊜䉾䉲䊠䉰䉟䉵䈲 0.15 mm

࿑ 3㩷 ࿕ᶧಽ㔌ᤨ䈱䊄䊤䊛⴫㕙䋨ᄢဳ⹜㛎ᯏ䋩䈏ㆡಾ䈪䈅䉎䈫⠨䈋䉌䉏䈢䇯࿑ 2㩷 ࿕ᶧಽ㔌ᤨ䈱䊄䊤䊛⴫㕙䋨䊤䊗䉴䉬䊷䊦࿕ᶧಽ㔌ⵝ⟎䋩䋭㪎㪐䋭䊐䉳䉺ᛛⴚ⎇ⓥႎ๔㩷 ╙ 46 ภ§䋴䋮 䊜䉺䊮⊒㉂ᶧ䉕⒖ㅍ䈚䇮╙ੑᮏ䈎䉌ห㊂䈱ᶖൻᶧ䉕ᒁᛮ䈇䈢䇯ᒁᛮ䈇䈢ᶖൻᶧ䈱䈉䈤 410 mL 䈲╙৻ᮏ䈮㄰ㅍ䈚䈢䇯ฦ⊒㉂ᮏ䈱ᶧ㊂䈲╙৻ᮏ 2 L䇮╙ੑᮏ 4 L 䈪䈅䉎䇯⊒↢䈜䉎䊋䉟䉥䉧䉴䉕䉧䉴㪋㪅㪈㩷 䈲䈛䉄䈮㩷䊜䉺䊮⊒㉂䈮䈲ಽ⸃ല₸䈮ఝ䉏䈢㜞᷷⊒㉂ᴺ䉇䇮᳓ಽ䈱䊌䉾䉪䈪᝝㓸䈚䇮䊋䉟䉥䉧䉴㊂䈫䊋䉟䉥䉧䉴ਛ䈱䊜䉺䊮䈍䉋䈶ዋ䈭䈇ੇᑼ䊜䉺䊮⊒㉂ᴺ䈭䈬䈏䈅䉎䈏䇮ᧄ⎇ⓥ䈪䈲䇮ၮ␆⹜ੑ㉄ൻ὇⚛Ớᐲ䉕㓐ᤨ᷹ቯ䈚䈢䇯ᛩ౉䈚䈢⎕⎈↢䈗䉂ਛ䈱㛎䈱⚿ᨐ䈎䉌 4䋩5䋩䇮Ḩᑼਛ᷷⊒㉂ᴺ (⚂ 37㷄䈪ㆇォ) 䉕ၮᧄ὇⚛䈏䊋䉟䉥䉧䉴ਛ䊜䉺䊮䉁䈢䈲ੑ㉄ൻ὇⚛䈮ᄌ឵䈘䉏䈢ഀ䈫䈚䈩䇮䊜䉺䊮⊒㉂䉕ੑᮏ䈪ⴕ䈉䊜䉺䊮䋭䊜䉺䊮 2 Ბ⊒㉂ᴺ䈮䉋ว䉕὇⚛ᄌ឵₸䈫䈚䈩⹏ଔ䈚䈢䇯䉍ṛ⇐ᤨ㑆 (HRT) 䉕⍴❗䈘䈞䇮⊒㉂䈱ല₸ൻ䉕࿑䉎䈖䈫䈫䈚㪋㪅㪊㩷 ⚿ᨐ䈫⠨ኤ㩷䈢䇯䊜䉺䊮⊒㉂䈲ㅢᏱ䇮ၮ⾰䈱ᛩ౉ೋᦼ䈏ᦨ䉅䉧䉴⊒↢㊂䈏ᄙ䈒䇮䈠䈱ᓟᓢ䇱䈮ᷫዋ䈚䈩䈇䈒䇯䈖䉏䈲䇮ᤃಽ⸃ᕈ䈱ၮ⾰䈲╙৻ᮏ䈪䈲䊜䉺䊮䉧䉴Ớᐲ 60%એ਄䉕⛽ᜬ䈚䈩䈇䈢䈏䇮৻ᛩ౉⋥ᓟ䈎䉌䇮㔍ಽ⸃ᕈ䈱ၮ⾰䈲ᓢ䇱䈮ಽ⸃䈘䉏䈩䊋䉟䉥ᤨ⊛䈭䊜䉺䊮䉧䉴Ớᐲ䈱ૐਅ (ੑ㉄ൻ὇⚛Ớᐲ䈱਄᣹) 䈏䈖䉧䉴ൻ䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䉅䈱䈫⠨䈋䉌䉏䉎䇯䈖䉏䉌䉕╙৻ᮏ (ᤃಽ⸃䈱ᦼ㑆䈮 3-4 ࿁⊒↢䈚䈢䇯䈖䈱ᤨ䈮䈲䊋䉟䉥䉧䉴⊒↢㊂䈏ૐᕈၮ⾰ಣℂ) 䈫╙ੑᮏ (㔍ಽ⸃ᕈၮ⾰ಣℂ) 䈪ᓎഀ䉕ಽᜂਅ䈚䈩䈍䉍䇮૗䉌䈎䈱⊒㉂㒖ኂ䈏⿠䈐䈩䈇䈢䈫⠨䈋䉌䉏䈢䇯╙䈜䉎䈖䈫䈪ో૕䈱⊒㉂ᤨ㑆䈱⍴❗䉕⋡ᜰ䈚䈢䇯ੑᮏ䈲䇮╙৻ᮏ䈱䉋䈉䈭ᕆỗ䈭Ớᐲ䈱ᄌൻ䈲䉒䈝䈎䈪䈅䉍䇮䈖䈖䈪䈲ථ਄ဳ⊒㉂ⵝ⟎ (䉳䊞䊷䊐䉜䊜䊮䉺䊷) 䉕↪䈇䇮ᮡ቟ቯ䈚䈢⊒㉂䈏ⴕ䉒䉏䈩䈇䈢 (࿑ 5)䇯䈖䉏䈲䇮╙৻ᮏ䈪৻ቯḰ↢䈗䉂 2)㩷 䉕ၮ⾰䈮䈚䈩ㅪ⛯⊛䈮䊋䉟䉥䉧䉴ൻ䉕ⴕ䈇䇮ᦨㆡ䈱⊒㉂䉕ฃ䈔䈢ᶖൻᶧ䉕ฃ䈔౉䉏䈩䈇䉎䈢䉄䇮ၮ⾰䈏ဋ⾰䈭ㆇォᣇᴺ䉕᣿䉌䈎䈮䈜䉎䈖䈫䉕⋡⊛䈫䈚䈢䇯ൻ䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䈖䈫䈏ⷐ࿃䈫⠨䈋䉌䉏䈢䇯࿑5 䈮␜䈚䈢 2009 ᐕ4᦬䈎䉌 2010 ᐕ 1 ᦬䉁䈪䈱⚂ 9 䊱᦬㑆䈮䈍䈔䉎䊜䉺䊮䉧䉴Ớᐲ䈲ᐔဋ 72.8䋦䈪䈅䈦䈢䇯㪋㪅㪉㩷 ᧚ᢱ䈫ᣇᴺ㩷ታ㛎䈮䈲䇮ኈ㊂ 5 L 䈱䉳䊞䊷䊐䉜䊜䊮䉺䊷䉕 2 บ↪䈇䇮ᤃಽ

2009 ᐕ 4 ᦬䈎䉌 2010 ᐕ 1 ᦬䉁䈪䈱ᦼ㑆䇮䊋䉟䉥䉧䉴䈏╙⸃ᕈ䈱ၮ⾰䉕䊋䉟䉥䉧䉴ൻ䈜䉎╙৻ᮏ䈫䇮╙৻ᮏ䈎䉌䈱ᶖൻ৻ᮏ䈎䉌⚂ 662.2 L䇮╙ੑᮏ䈎䉌 660.3 L ⊒↢䈚䈢䇯ᛩ౉䈚䈢ᶧ䈮฽䉁䉏䉎Ყセ⊛㔍ಽ⸃ᕈ䈱ၮ⾰䉕䊋䉟䉥䉧䉴ൻ䈜䉎╙↢䈗䉂䈲 19.79 kg FW 䈪䈅䉍䇮὇⚛ᄌ឵₸䈲 83%䈪䈅䈦䈢䇯ੑᮏ䈫䈚䈢䇯䈖䈱䊜䉺䊮䋭䊜䉺䊮䈱 2 Ბ⊒㉂ᣇᑼ䈪䈲⥄ὼᵹਅ䈪ᮏ㑆䈱ᶖᮡḰ↢䈗䉂 2) 䉕䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱䈪⎕⎈䈚䇮1 mm 䊜䉾䉲䊠䈱䈸ൻᶧ䈱⒖ㅍ䈏น⢻䈪䈅䉍䇮䉁䈢⮎ຠ䉕ᔅⷐ䈫䈜䉎䈖䈫䈭䈒䇮↢䉎䈇䈪࿁෼䈘䉏䈢⎕⎈↢䈗䉂䉕╙৻ᮏ䈮 1 ᣣ䈅䈢䉍 90 g FW䈗䉂䈱ല₸⊛䈭䊋䉟䉥䉧䉴ൻ䈏น⢻䈪䈅䉎䈫␜ໂ䈘䉏䉎䈖䈫ᛩ౉䈚䈢䇯╙৻ᮏ䈎䉌╙ੑᮏ䈻䈲 1 ᣣ500 mL 䈱ഀว䈪ᶖൻ䈎䉌䇮䈖䈱ᣇᑼ䉕ណ↪䈜䉎䈖䈫䈫䈚䈢䇯

100%

90

CH4CO280
7060
50
4030
20
1003/28࿑ 4㩷 䊜䉺䊮-䊜䉺䊮ㅪ⛯⊒㉂⹜㛎

4/27

5/27

6/26

7/26

8/25

9/24 10/24 11/23 12/23 1/22

㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 ࿑ 5㩷 ㅪ⛯⊒㉂⹜㛎䈪䈱╙ੑᮏ䈱䊜䉺䊮䊶ੑ㉄ൻ὇⚛Ớᐲฝ஥䈏╙৻⊒㉂ᮏ䇮ਛᄩ䈏╙ੑ⊒㉂ᮏ䈪䈅䉎䋭㪏㪇䋭

2/21ኅᐸ↪䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓䈱ല₸⊛䈭䉣䊈䊦䉩䊷࿁෼䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱㐿⊒䈜䉎䈫䇮ᮏౝ䈱 MLSS 䈲⚂ 4,500 mg/L 䈏ᦨ⦟䈣䈫⠨䈋䉌䉏§䋵.ឃ᳓ಣℂ䉎䈢䉄䇮䈖䈱ᳪᵆỚᐲ䉕ၮᧄ䈫䈚䈢䇯ᅢ᳇䊶ህ᳇䈱ᤨ㑆㈩ಽ䈮㑐䈚䈩䈲䇮৻䉰䉟䉪䊦ਛ䈱ᅢ᳇/ህ㪌㪅㪈㩷 䈲䈛䉄䈮㩷ᧄ䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱ឃ᳓䈏䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓ၮḰ䉕ḩ䈢䈜䉋䈉䇮࿕ᶧಽ㔌ⵝ⟎䈪ಽ㔌䈘䉏䈢ỹ᳓䉇䊜䉺䊮⊒㉂ᮏ䈎䉌ឃ಴䈘䉏᳇ᤨ㑆䈱㈩ಽ䉕 40 ಽ/60 ಽ䈪ㆇォ䈚䈢㓙䈱 TOC 㒰෰₸䈏ᦨ⦟䈪䈅䈦䈢䇯䉎ᶖൻᶧ䉕ㆡಾ䈮ಣℂ䈚䈭䈔䉏䈳䈭䉌䈭䈇䇯ㄭᐕ᳓ⅣႺ଻ోㆇォᤨ䈱ṁሽ㉄⚛Ớᐲ (DO) 䈲䇮ㆊᦑ᳇䉕㒐䈓䈢䉄䈮 1䈮ኻ䈜䉎㑐ᔃ䈏㜞䉁䈦䈩䈇䉎⁁ᴫ䉕ൊ᩺䈚䇮ಣℂኻ⽎䈱ឃ᳓

䋭2 mg/L 䈫䈭䉎䉋䈉೙ᓮ䉕ⴕ䈦䈢䇯䉁䈢 DO 䈱⋙ⷞ䈲䇮ᵹ౉ਛ䈮ᄙ㊂䈮฽䉁䉏䈩䈇䉎⓸⚛䈮䈧䈇䈩䉅䇮᦭ᯏ‛䉇ᶋㆆ‛⽶⩄䈏ᕆ䈮ᄢ䈐䈒䈭䈦䈢႐ว䈪䈲 DO 䈱਄᣹䈏ㅢᏱ䉋䉍䉅㊰⾰䈫หᤨ䈮㒰෰䈜䉎䈢䉄䈱ᦨㆡ䈭ㆇォᣇᴺ䉕᭴▽䈜䉎䈖䈫䉕ൻ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈎䉌䇮ㆡಾ䈮ኻᔕ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈪䊋䊦䉨䊮䉫䉕੍㒐䈜䉎⋡⊛䈫䈚䈢䇯ㅢᏱ䈱ᅢ᳇ህ᳇ᣇᑼ䈮䉋䉎⓸⚛㒰෰䈪䈲䇮᳓⚛

䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䈢䇯ଏਈ૕䈫䈚䈩䊜䉺䊉䊷䊦䈭䈬䈱ᷝട䈏ⴕ䉒䉏䉎䈏䇮ᧄ䉲䉴䊁䊛ㆇォ೙ᓮ䈱ᣇᴺ䈫䈚䈩䇮pH 䉕ᜰᮡ䈫䈚䈢೙ᓮ䈮䈧䈇䈩䉅ᬌ䈪䈲⓸⚛㒰෰䈮᦭ല䈭࿁ಽᑼ㑆ᰳᦑ᳇ᴺ䉕↪䈇䇮ឃ᳓ਛ䈮⸛䈚䈢䇯ᮏౝ䈱 pH ᄌൻ䉕ᜰᮡ䈫䈚䈢ᦑ᳇䈱⺞▵䉕ⴕ䈉䈖䈫䈮฽䉁䉏䉎᦭ᯏ‛䉕᳓⚛ଏਈ૕䈫䈚䈩೑↪䈚䈢ή⮎ᵈ䈪䈱⓸⚛

䉋䉍䇮⎣ൻ䊶⣕⓸⚛䉕ല₸⊛䈮ㅴ䉄䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䈢䈏䇮ᮏౝ䈱㒰෰䉕⋡ᜰ䈚䈢䇯䈖䈖䈪䈲䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓ၮḰ䈮䈍䈔䉎↢⁁ᘒ䈏৻ᐲ㕖ቯᏱ⁁ᘒ䈮䈭䉎䈫࿁ᓳ䈮ᤨ㑆䈏䈎䈎䉎䈖䈫䈏䉒‛ಣℂ䉺䉟䊒䈱ᵹ಴᳓䈱⸳⸘⋡ᮡ᳓⾰䈮ᓥ䈇䇮⋡ᮡ୯䉕䈎䈦䈢䈢䉄䇮੹࿁䈱೙ᓮ䈮䈲↪䈇䈭䈎䈦䈢䇯BOD 300 mg/L (TOC ឵▚䈪 300 mg/L)ᧂḩ䇮SS 300mg/L ᧂḩ䈮⸳ቯ䈚䈢䇯ో⓸⚛Ớᐲ (TN) 䈲ਅ᳓㆏ၮḰ෸䈶᳓⾰ᳪỘ㒐ᱛᴺ䈮䉋䉎ឃ᳓ၮḰ䈪䈅䉎 60 mg/L 䉕⋡ᮡ୯㪌㪅㪊㩷 ឃ᳓ಣℂ䈱䉁䈫䉄㩷䈖䉏䉌䈱ᬌ⸛䉕〯䉁䈋䇮䊜䉺䊮⊒㉂ᮏ䈎䉌䈱ᶖൻᶧ䈫࿕ᶧಽ㔌ⵝ⟎䈎䉌䈱ỹ᳓䈱ᷙวᶧ䉕ㆡಾ䈮ಣℂ䈜䉎䈢䉄䈱ㆇォ᧦䈫䈚䈢䇯ઙ䉕⸳ቯ䈚䇮ᬌ⸛ᤨ䈫ห䈛ᮨᡆឃ᳓䉕↪䈇䈩ㅪ⛯ㆇォ䉕ⴕ䈦䈢䇯ౕ૕⊛䈮䈲 MLSS Ớᐲ䉕 4,500 mg/L ⒟ᐲ䈫䈚䇮ಣℂ䉰㪌㪅㪉㩷 ㆇォᣇᴺ䈱ᬌ⸛㩷⓸⚛䈱㒰෰䈱䈢䉄䈮䇮࿁ಽᑼ㑆ᰳᦑ᳇ᴺ䉕ណ↪䈚䈢(࿑ 6)䇯

䉟䉪䊦ᢙ 4 ࿁/ᣣ䇮ᅢ᳇ 40 ಽ/ህ᳇ 60 ಽ䇮ㆊᦑ᳇䉕㒐䈓䈢䉄䈖䉏䈲ห৻䈱ᮏ䈪ᵹ౉䊶ᦑ᳇䊶ᴉᲚ䊶ឃ಴䉕ⴕ䈉䉅䈱䈪䈅䉍䇮㑆DO Ớᐲ䉕 1䋭2 mg/L 䈫䈚䈢䇯䈖䈱ㆇォ᧦ઙ䈮䉋䉎ಣℂ䈪䈲䇮ᰳ⊛䈮ᦑ᳇䈜䉎䈖䈫䈪ᅢ᳇䊶ህ᳇᧦ઙ䉕૞䉍䇮⓸⚛ಽ䈱⎣ൻ䊶

TOC䇮TN 䈫䉅䈮㒰෰₸䈲 70䋭90%䈪䈅䈦䈢䇯᡼ᵹ᳓䈱 SS⣕⓸⚛෻ᔕ䉕ⴕ䈋䉎೑ὐ䈏䈅䉎䇯䈖䈖䈪䈲䇮䊜䉺䊮⊒㉂ᶖൻᶧ

䈲 100 mg/L ⒟ᐲ䈪䈅䉍䇮⋡ᮡ୯ (300 mg/L ᧂḩ) 䉕ḩ⿷䈚䈫䈐䈭䈖 Ộ᳓䋨࿕ᶧಽ㔌ⵝ⟎䈎䉌䈱ỹ᳓䉕ᮨᡆ䈚䈢䉅䈱䋩䉕䈢䇯↪䈇䈩䇮࿁ಽᑼ㑆ᰳᦑ᳇ᴺ䈱⹦⚦䈭ㆇォ᧦ઙ䉕ᬌ⸽䈚䈢䇯ᬌ⸽䈮ၮ䈨䈇䈢ㆇォ᧦ઙ䈮䉋䉍䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓ⷙḰ䈱ታ㛎ⵝ⟎䈱ኈ㊂䈲 1.5 L䇮ᵴᕈᳪᵆ䈲ᮡḰᴺ䈱ਅ᳓ಣℂ႐᳓⾰䉕㆐ᚑ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䈢䇯⓸⚛䈮㑐䈚䈩䈲䇮䈖䈱࿁ಽᑼ㑆↱᧪䈱䉅䈱䉕↪䈇䈢䇯ᰳᦑ᳇ᴺ䈱ㆇォᣇᴺ䉕ㆡಾ䈮⸳ቯ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈮䉋䉍䇮ή⮎ᵈ䈪MLSS ㊂䈮ኻ䈜䉎ᵹ౉᳓䈱 TOC ㊂䉕␜䈜ᳪᵆ⽶⩄㊂䈱䉅䇮ਅ᳓㆏ⷙḰ䈍䉋䈶᳓⾰ᳪỘ㒐ᱛᴺ䈮䉋䉎ឃ᳓ၮḰ (60ᬌ⸽䈪䈲䇮0.1 kg TOC/kg MLSS䊶ᣣ䈱᧦ઙ䈪 TOC䇮TN 㒰mg/L) 䈲䉅䈤䉐䉖䇮਄ਸ਼䈞ၮḰ (20 mg/L) 䉕ḩ䈢䈜䈖䈫䉅෰₸䈏ᦨ⦟䈫䈭䈦䈢䇯ታ⸽ᯏⒿേᤨ䈱ឃ᳓䈱⽶⩄䈎䉌⸘▚น⢻䈫⠨䈋䉌䉏䈢 (࿑ 7)䇯

120

ឃ᳓ᛩ౉

ឃ᳓

⓸⚛㒰෰

᡼ᵹ

50

100

TOC

45

TN

40
35

TOCmg/ L

30
60

25
2040

෇ࣱ൲ථ

ಣℂ㐿ᆎ

෇ࣱ൲ථ

ᦑ᳇䋨ᅢ᳇䋩 ᠣᜈ䋨ህ᳇䋩

ᴉᲚ

15

෇ࣱ൲ථ

ಣℂ⚳ੌ

10

20

50➅䉍㄰䈚

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࿑ 6㩷 ࿁ಽᑼ㑆ᰳᦑ᳇ᴺ

12/1

12/2

㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 ࿑ 7㩷 ⹜㛎ㆇォᤨ䈱᳓⾰䋭㪏㪈䋭

12/3

12/4TN mg/ L80䊐䉳䉺ᛛⴚ⎇ⓥႎ๔㩷 ╙ 46 ภ§䋶㪅㩷 ታ⸽⹜㛎ⵝ⟎㩷ෳ⠨ᢥ₂࿕ᶧಽ㔌䇮䊜䉺䊮⊒㉂䇮ឃ᳓ಣℂ䈮㑐䈜䉎਄⸥䈱ᬌ⸛⚿ᨐ1)㩷 ⅣႺ⋭䇮ᐔᚑ 21 ᐕᕈ⊕ᦠ䇮2009 ᐕ 6 ᦬ 8 ᣣ䉕〯䉁䈋䇮䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓ಣℂⵝ⟎䈫䈚䈩䈱ᯏ⢻䉕ḩ䈢䈜ታ⸽ᯏ䉕᭴▽䈚䈢䇯䈖䈱ታ⸽ᯏ䈲䇮䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓ಣℂⵝⅣႺ⊕ᦠ/ᓴⅣဳ␠ળ⊕ᦠ/↢‛ᄙ᭽2) ␠࿅ᴺੱᣣᧄਅ᳓㆏දળ䇮ਅ᳓㆏䈱䈢䉄䈱䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓ಣℂ䉲䉴䊁䊛ᕈ⢻ၮḰ䋨᩺䋩䇮2004 ᐕ 3 ᦬⟎䈱⹺ቯขᓧ䈮ะ䈔䈢ⷙᮨ䈫䈜䉎䈢䉄䇮↢䈗䉂 1.25 kg/day,
ឃ᳓㊂ 175 L/day 䉕ಣℂ䈪䈐䉎⢻ജ䈪⸳⸘䈚䈢䇯⃻࿷䇮䈖䈱3)㩷 ⍹Ꮉశ␽㩷 䉌: 䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓䈎䉌䈱ᶋㆆ࿕ᒻ‛࿁෼↪

ታ⸽⹜㛎ⵝ⟎䉕↪䈇䈩ᕈ⢻⹏ଔ䉕ⴕ䈦䈩䈍䉍䇮䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱቟࿕ᶧಽ㔌䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱㐿⊒䇮╙ 20 ࿁ᑄ᫈‛ᓴⅣ⾗Ḯቇળ⎇ቯᕈ䍃ା㗬ᕈ䉕ᬌ⸽䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯ⓥ⊒⴫ળ⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥ㓸䇮p.237-238, 20094)㩷 ศ↰⠹ᴦ㩷 䉌: 䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱⎕⎈↢䈗䉂䈱☸ᓘ⚵ᚑ䈫䊜䉺䊮⊒㉂․ᕈ䇮╙ 19 ࿁ᑄ᫈‛ቇળ⎇ⓥ⊒⴫ળ⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥ㓸䇮
p.326-328䇮20085)㩷 ศ↰⠹ᴦ㩷 䉌: ೨ಣℂ䈚䈢䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱⎕⎈↢䈗䉂䈱䊜䉺䊮⊒㉂․ᕈ䇮╙ 20 ࿁ᑄ᫈‛ᓴⅣ⾗Ḯቇળ⎇ⓥ⊒⴫ળ⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥ㓸䇮p.235-236䇮2009䈵 䈫 䈖 䈫㩷 Ꮧ⭯䈭 Ộᕈឃ᳓䈪䈅䈦䈩䉅ല₸䉋䈒䉣䊈䊦䉩䊷ᄌ឵䈏䈪䈐䉎䈖䈫䈏䈖䈱䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱ᦨᄢ䈱․ᓽ䈪䈜䇯䊋䉟䉥䊙䉴೑ᵴ↪䈱᜛ᄢ䈲༛✕䈱⺖㗴

࿑ 8㩷 ታ⸽⹜㛎ⵝ⟎䈱ᄖⷰ䈪䈅䉍䇮䈖䈱䉲䉴䊁䊛䉕ᄙ䈒䈱䈍ቴ᭽䈮ណ↪䈚䈩䈇䈢䈣䈐䇮ⅣႺ㈩ᘦ␠ળ䇮§䋷㪅㩷 䉁䈫䉄ᜬ⛯น⢻␠ળ䈱᭴▽䈮ዋ䈚䈪䉅䈍ᓎ䈮┙䈤䈢䈇䈫㗿䈦䈩䈍䉍䉁䈜䇯䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓䈫䈇䈉Ꮧ⭯䈭᦭ᯏᕈឃ᳓䈎䉌ല₸䉋䈒䉣ศ↰㩷 ⠹ᴦ㩷䊈䊦䉩䊷࿁෼䉕ⴕ䈉䈢䉄䇮࿕ᶧಽ㔌ല₸䉕ะ਄䈘䈞䈩䉋䉍ᄙ䈒䈱᦭ᯏ‛䉕䊋䉟䉥䉧䉴ൻ䈚䇮䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓ၮḰ䈮ㆡว䈜䉎ឃ᳓ಣℂ⢻ജ䉕ᜬ䈦䈢ಣℂ䉲䉴䊁䊛䉕᭴▽䈚䈢䇯㩷㽲㩷 䊄䊤䊛ᑼ䈱࿕ᶧಽ㔌ⵝ⟎䈮䉋䉍䇮䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓䈮ᦨㆡൻ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈪䇮࿕ᒻಽ䉕 67䋦࿁෼䈜䉎䈖䈫䉕น⢻䈫㩷㩷䈚䈢䇯㽳㩷 2 Ბ⊒㉂ᣇᑼ䈱䊜䉺䊮⊒㉂ⵝ⟎䈮䉋䉍䇮ၮ⾰䈱ಽ⸃ᕈ䈮ᔕ䈛䈢⊒㉂ᮏ䈱ഀ䉍ᒰ䈩䈫䈜䉎䈖䈫䈪ല₸⊛䈭䊋䉟䉥䉧䉴ൻ⊒㉂ᤨ㑆䈱⍴❗䉕น⢻䈫䈚䈢䇯㽴㩷 ឃ᳓ಣℂ䈲ᅢ᳇䍃ህ᳇䈱࿁ಽᑼ㑆ᰳᦑ᳇ᴺ䈮䉋䉍䇮᦭ᯏ‛䈫หᤨ䈮⓸⚛䈱㒰෰䉕䉅น⢻䈫䈚䈢䇯એ਄䈱⚿ᨐ䉋䉍䇮䊂䉞䉴䊘䊷䉱ឃ᳓䈮䈍䈇䈩↢䈗䉂䈱ౣ⾗Ḯൻ (䉣䊈䊦䉩䊷࿁෼) 䈫ឃ᳓ಣℂ䉕ਔ┙䈘䈞䉎䉲䉴䊁䊛䉕᭴▽䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䈢䇯䋭㪏㪉䋭