GXA-13

1WMPD4003565B

Density Determination Kit© 2017 A&D Company, Limited. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, or translated
into any language in any form by any means without the written permission of A&D
Company, Limited.
The contents of this manual and the specifications of the instrument covered by thismanual are subject to change for improvement without any notice and obligation on
the part of the manufacturer.

Contents
1.
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................4
1.1.
Precautions .......................................................................................................................................42.

Packing List ...........................................................................................................................................53.
Density Measurement Principle ...........................................................................................................6
3.1.
Density ..............................................................................................................................................6
3.2.
Specific Gravity.................................................................................................................................6
3.3.
Density Measurement Principle ......................................................................................................6
3.4.
Density of a Solid..............................................................................................................................6
3.5.
Density of a Liquid ............................................................................................................................64.
Error Factors..........................................................................................................................................7
4.1.
Buoyancy of Air.................................................................................................................................7
4.2.
Temperature of a Liquid ...................................................................................................................7
4.3.
Volume of Float.................................................................................................................................7
4.4.
Influence of Wire...............................................................................................................................7
4.5.
Surface Tension................................................................................................................................8
4.6.
Bubbles .............................................................................................................................................85.
Measuring the Density of a Solid .........................................................................................................9
5.1.
Assembling the Kit............................................................................................................................95.1.1.
Assembling the Kit Using Glass Breeze Break (GXA-10) .....................................................10
5.2.
Measuring the Density of a Solid................................................................................................... 11
5.2.1.
Density of Water........................................................................................................................ 11
6.
Measuring the Density of a Liquid......................................................................................................12
6.1.
Assembling the Kit..........................................................................................................................12
6.2.
Measuring the Density of a Liquid .................................................................................................12
7.

7.1.
7.2.
7.3.
7.4.
7.5.

8.

Density Measurement Using the GX-A／GF-A Balance...............................................................................13
Preparation Before Measurement (Settings of the Function Table）.........................................14
Measuring Solid Density (Specific Gravity), Function Table..............................................20
Specifying Liquid Density...............................................................................................................23
Measuring Liquid Density (Specific Gravity), Function Table............................................26
Specifying Volume of Float ............................................................................................................29
Frequently Asked Questions and Answers .......................................................................................31

3

1. Introduction
Thank you for your A&D purchase! This is the instruction manual for the density determination kit.
The density determination kit can be easily used to measure the density of solid or liquid when it iscombined with the following electronic balances.
GX-203A, GX-303A, GX-403A, GX-603A, GX-1003A, GX-1603A,
GF-203A, GF-303A, GF-403A, GF-603A, GF-1003A, GF-1603A
Before using the density determination kit, please read this instruction manual thoroughly.

1.1.

Precautions

This density determination kit allows the density or specific gravity of a solid or liquid to be measured.
However, the results of measurements may be affected by various factors that could cause errors,
therefore we cannot guarantee them to be 100 % accurate.
Do not use the density determination kit for measuring the density of chemically active substances.
After using the density determination kit, clean all surfaces to remove rust and oxides.
The balance is precision instrument, so avoid shocks or excessive loads.
To improve measuring accuracy, allow the temperature of liquid (water) and sample (solid) toequalize to the ambient room temperature and perform measurement in a stable environment.
The breeze break provided with the balance cannot be used with the density determination kit.
To perform an accurate density measurement, use the glass breeze break available as an option( GXA-10).

4

2. Packing List
φ0.2

Float

Wire

Float hook

Thermometer

Density pan stand

Beaker stand

Beaker

Thermometer clamp

Density pan

Beaker stand spacer 2 pieces

Kit box5

Tweezers

3. Density Measurement Principle
3.1.

DensityDensity means the amount of mass of a sample per unit volume. ( Unit [g/cm3] and others )M
M: Mass [g]V: Volume [cm3]ρ =ρ: Density [g/cm3]
V

3.2.

Specific Gravity

Specific gravity means the ratio of the density of a sample to the density of pure water (with the same
volume as that of the sample) at 4 °C at 1013.25 hPa.
Mρ =ρ: Specific gravity [ No unit ] M: Mass [g]V: Volume [cm3]V•ρ43
ρ4: Density of water at 4 [°C], 0.99997 [g/cm ] ≒ 1.000 [g/cm3]

3.3.

Density Measurement Principle

The GXA-13 combined with an authorized balance can measure the density of a sample based on
the Archimedes’ principle.
Archimedes’ Principle of Density Measurement
A body immersed in a liquid (gas) is subject to an upward force equal to the weight of theliquid (gas) it displaces. The upward force is buoyancy.

3.4.

Density of a Solid

The density of a solid can be obtained according to the sample weight in air, sample weight in liquid
and the density of the liquid.
A
ρ =
×ρ0
ρ: Density of sample [g/cm3]
A: Sample weight in air [g]A-B3
ρ0: Density of liquid [g/cm ]B: Sample weight in liquid [g]3.5.

Density of a Liquid

The density of a liquid can be obtained according to the weight of the float in air, the weight of thefloat in a liquid, and the known volume of the float.
A-B
ρ =
+d
ρ: Density of liquid [g/cm3]
A: Weight of the float in air [g]V3
V: Volume of the float [cm ]B: Weight of the float in liquid [g]d: Density of air ( approximately 0.001 [g/cm3] )6

4. Error Factors
There are several error factors that may affect the accuracy of a density measurement.

4.1.

Buoyancy of Air

When the liquid density is measured, an upward force, 0.0010 to 0.0014 [g/cm3], is exerted inproportion to the volume of the liquid. The buoyancy in air per 1 [cm3] is found by:
0.0012932
P
t: Air temperature [°C]d=×d: Air density [g/cm3]
1+0.0036728×t
1013.25
P: Air pressure [hPa]

When obtaining measurement results down to the third decimal place, 0.001 [g/cm3] is added tothe measured value to compensate for an error in air density.

4.2.

Temperature of a Liquid

When taking a density measurement using a liquid, the density measurement will change depending on
the temperature. Obtain the density of a liquid by comparing its temperature with the values in “Table 1
Temperature and Density of Water” for distilled water or provided in other reference documents for otherliquids.

4.3.

Volume of Float

The tolerance of the measured value of the volume of the float is ±0.01 [cm3].

4.4.

Influence of Wire

When a solid sample is placed on the density pan for measurement, which is immersed in a liquid,
the liquid surface position rises. At this time, the wire (φ1 mm) connecting the upper and lower pans
is subject to the buoyancy whose magnitude is equal to the weight of the raised liquid. 1 mm raise of
the liquid surface exerts a buoyancy of approx. 0.8 mg to the wire. To minimize a measurement error
caused by the buoyancy, adjust the sample size so that it will not raise the liquid surface, or perform
a mathematical correction.
When measuring the density of a liquid, the float-suspending wire (φ2 mm) immersed in the liquid
affects the measurement. Immersing the wire by 10 mm exerts a buoyancy of approx. 0.3 mg to thewire. However, this buoyancy can be ignored because it is divided by the volume of the float when
the density of the liquid is obtained.

7

4.5.

Surface Tension

When the density of a solid is measured, a force of approx. 5 mg (surface tension) is applied to thedensity pan, between the wire (φ1 mm) of the density pan and the surface of the liquid.
The surface tension can be reduced to approx. 1 mg by adding a surfactant (for example, a water
droplet preventive solution as used for developing photographs). Adding 0.1 mL (1.2 [g/cm3] density)of a surfactant to 200 mL of water will increase the density of the water by approx. 0.0001 [g/cm3].
When the density of a liquid is measured, a force of about 1 mg is exerted by the wire of 0.2 mm indiameter. However, this force can be ignored because it is divided by the volume of the float.

4.6.

Bubbles

The buoyancy of a bubble of 1 mm in diameter is approx. 0.5 mg. Stickiness of bubbles depends on
the shape and material of a sample. Make measurements considering the characteristic of bubbles.
When the density of a solid is measured, we recommend adding a surfactant to reduce the influenceof surface tension and bubbles.

85. Measuring the Density of a Solid
5.1.

Assembling the Kit
Step 5. Step 4.
LiquidStep 1. Remove the weighing pan and breeze breakfrom the balance.
Step 2. Put the density pan stand on the pan support.
Step 3. Place the spacer under the legs of the beakerstand so that the legs fit to the ditch of thespacer.
Put the beaker stand on the balance as suchthat it will not touch the density pan stand.
Step 4. Attach the thermometer clamp to beaker.
Insert the thermometer into the clamp.

Beaker

Thermometer
Thermometer clamp
Beaker standDensity pan
Step 6.

Step 5.
Step 3.
Spacer toprevent slipping
Density pan standWeighing pan

Step 5. Pour a liquid (distilled water, etc.), whose
specific gravity is known, into the beaker.
Put the beaker on the beaker stand.

Step 2.
Step 1.

Step 6. Place the density pan on the density pan stand.
Step 7. Adjust the amount of the liquid so that sample
is approximately 10 mm under the surface ofthe liquid when the sample is put on the lower
pan of the density pan in the liquid.

Step 7. Adjust liquid surface.
Approx. 10 mm
SampleLower pan

Step 8. Press the RE-ZERO key to display zeroafter the weighed value stabilized.
All preparations are complete.
If the weighing value is unstable due to breeze
and vibration, etc., increase the parameter of"Condition ()" in the function table or
use the breeze break.

9

Pan support

5.1.1. Assembling the Kit Using Glass Breeze Break (GXA-10)
Step 1. Remove the weighing pan from the balance.
Step 2. Place the breeze break on the balance andperform the procedures from step 2 to step
8 in “5.1. Assembling the Kit”.
All preparations are complete.
If the weighing value is unstable due to breeze
and vibration, etc., increase the parameter of"Condition ()" in the function table or
use the breeze break.

10

5.2.

Measuring the Density of a Solid

The density of a solid can be obtained by averaging the measured values.
Display example is GX-603A.
Step 1. Start the measurement after the watertemperature becomes stable.

Step 2.

Step 3. Sample

Step 2. Press the RE-ZERO key to display zero.
Step 3. Put sample on the upper pan of the density pan
and record the measurement value A in air.
Step 4. After removing the sample from the upper pan of thedensity pan, press the RE-ZERO key to display
zero.
Put the sample on thelower pan after step 4.
Step 5. Put sample on the lower pan of the density pan
and record measurement value B in liquid. Step 5. Adjust liquid surface.
Adjust the amount of the liquid so that
Approx. 10 mm
Samplesample is approximately 10 mm under the
Lower panliquid surface when the sample is put onlower pan in the liquid.

Step 4.

Step 6. Obtain the water density using the water temperature and"Table-1, temperature and density of water". Acquire liquid density
using the following formula substituted the measured value.
ρ : Calculated sample density [g/cm3]
A
ρ =
x ρ0
ρ0 : Water density [g/cm3]
A-B
A : Measurement value in air [g]B : Measurement value in water [g]Example of recording sheet and calculation (3 significant figures).
Measurement value
Measurement value
4.810 [g]4.215 [g] Water temperature 26 °C
in air A
in water B
Water density ρ0 0.99678 [g/cm3]
Calculated sample density ρ
8.06 [g/cm3]

4.810
x 0.99678 = 8.06 [g/cm3]
4.810 – 4.215

5.2.1. Density of Water
At sea level (1 atmosphere pressure), the density of water reaches a maximum at 3.98 [°C].
Table 1, Temperature and Density of Water
°C
0
10
20
30
40

Unit: g/cm3

+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
0.99984 0.99990 0.99994 0.99996 0.99997 0.99996 0.99994 0.99990 0.99985 0.99978
0.99970 0.99961 0.99949 0.99938 0.99924 0.99910 0.99894 0.99877 0.99860 0.99841
0.99820 0.99799 0.99777 0.99754 0.99730 0.99704 0.99678 0.99651 0.99623 0.99594
0.99565 0.99534 0.99503 0.99470 0.99437 0.99403 0.99368 0.99333 0.99297 0.99259
0.99222 0.99183 0.99144 0.99104 0.99063 0.99021 0.98979 0.98936 0.98893 0.98849
11

6. Measuring the Density of a Liquid
6.1.

Assembling the Kit
The volume of the float is
stamped on the hook.
Ex. 10.01 cm3

Assemble the kit as described in the procedure below.
Step 1. Refer to “5.1. Assembling the Kit” up toassembling the beaker stand.

Step 4.
Length is approximately 50 mm

Step 2. Attach the thermometer clamp to beaker.
Insert the thermometer through this clamp.
Step 3. Put the beaker on the beaker stand.

Step 5. Hook of the float

Step 4. Connect the float and hook using stainless wire
whose length is approximately 50 mm.
Step 5. Hang the hook to density pan stand.
Check that it does not hit the beaker, and lower
the float.

Float
Density pan stand
Beaker stand

Step 6. This completes the preparations before measurement.

6.2.

Measuring the Density of a Liquid

The density of a liquid can be obtained by the following procedure. Display example is GX-603A.
Step 1. Press the RE-ZERO key to set the displayed value to zero.
Step 2. Place the float, and then record its weight in the air.
Let the measured value be A.
Step 3. To measure density of the liquid, pour it into the beaker.
Adjust the amount of the liquid so that the sample is approximately 10
mm under the liquid surface when the sample is hung in the liquid.
Step 4. When the display stabilizes, and then record its weight of the float
in the liquid.
Let the measured value be B.
Step 5. Use the following equations to obtain the density of the liquid.
ρ : Calculated density of liquid [g/cm3]
ABρ =+ d A : Weight of float in air [g]V
B : Weight of float in liquid [g]V : Volume of float (stamped on the hook) [cm3]d : Density of air (Approximately 0.001 [g/cm3])
Example of recording sheet and calculation (3 significant figures).

Liquid surface
Approx. 10 mm
Step 3. Float

Measurement value
9.970 g Volume of float V 10.01 cm3 Density of air d 1.184x10-3 g/cm3
A-B
Temperature 25 °C Atmospheric pressure 1013.25 hPa Calculated density of liquid ρ 0.997 g/cm3
9.970+ 0.001 = 0.997 [g/cm3]
10.01

12

7.

Density Measurement Using the GX-A／GF-A Balance

The GX-A / GF-A balances are equipped with a density function (specific gravity mode).
When this density determination kit GXA-13 is used with density function of the following balances,the density of a solid and liquid can be measured.
GX-203A, GX-303A, GX-403A, GX-603A, GX-1003A, GX-1603A,
GF-203A, GF-303A, GF-403A, GF-603A, GF-1003A, GF-1603A

CautionThe density function () of the balance cannot be selected when using factory

settings.
The density function of the balance does not display in the function table when the specific gravity() of the weighing unit () is inactive. To use the specific gravity of the weighing

unit, register "specific gravity" of "weighing unit" in the "function table" at first, and then select the
specific gravity () of the weighing unit using the MODE key in weighing mode.

When the liquid density input (() is active, the liquid density input () or density of solid) is displayed. Refer to the instruction manual of balance for operation method of the "function

table".
The measurement value of density (specific gravity) is fixed to 3 decimal places.

13

7.1.

Preparation Before Measurement (Settings of the Function Table）

Set the function table of the balance before the density function (specific gravity mode) is used.
Enabling the Unit of Specific Gravity ()
Register the specific gravity () of the weighing unit (The following is an example of registering units in the order of).
(grams) →( Specific

Gravity ).
Display and Key
Operation

Step

Description

1.

Press and hold (for about 2 seconds) the SAMPLE key inweighing mode.
of the function table is displayed.

Press and hold(for about 2 seconds)

2.

Press the SAMPLE key several times to display theweighing unit.
Press several times

3.

4.

Press the PRINT key to display.

Press the RE-ZERO key to specify the unit and display theunit specification mark “ ” .

14

Step
5.

Display and Key
Operation

Description
Press the SAMPLE several times to display.
Press several times

6.

Press the RE-ZERO key to specify the unit and display theunit specification mark “ ” .

7.

Press the PRINT key to register the specified unit.

8.

Press the CAL key to return to weighing display.

9.

Each time you press the MODE key, the units will switch inthe specified order.
Order from to*.
* In the specific gravity mode, the unit iswhen calculating thedensity.
The display unit iswhen measuring weight in air (at the top left and the “weight in water (shows” mark blinks) and when measuringshows at the top left, “15” mark shows).

Selecting Substance ( Solid or Liquid )Select a substance which is either solid or liquid. It can be specified at “substance selection()” of “density function (

Step
10.

)” in the function table.
Display and Key
Operation

Description
Press and hold (for about 2 seconds) the SAMPLE key
while the scale is in weighing mode.
of the function table is displayed.

Press and hold(for about 2 seconds)

11.

Press the SAMPLE key several times to display the“ density function () ”.
Press several times

12.

Press the PRINT key to enter the item.

16

Step
13.

Display and Key
Operation

Description
Select substance using the following keys.
SAMPLE key
Used to select "substance selection ()".

RE-ZERO key
Selects either "solid density measurement (density measurement ( )".

14.

)" or "liquid

Description of settings is as follows.
“Solid ( )”Proceeds to “7.2. Measuring Solid Density (Specific Gravity),
Function Table” after step 18.
“Liquid ( )"Proceeds to “7.4. Measuring Liquid Density (Specific Gravity),
Function Table” after step 18.

17

Selecting Input Method of Liquid Density Used for Solid Density Measurement (Specific Gravity)
When measuring the density (specific gravity) of a liquid (function table
input (

) ” setting is irrelevant, so proceed to step 17.

Step
15.

Display and Key
Operation

Description
The density of a liquid can be registered using the following
keys.
SAMPLE key
Used to select the “liquid density input ()”.

RE-ZERO key
Specifies either “Density input of liquid using watertemperature ( )” or “Direct density input of liquid (16.

), the “liquid density)”.

Description of settings is as follows.
“Water temperature input ( )”Proceeds from step 7 of “7.2. Measuring Solid Density(Specific Gravity), Function Table” to “Method To
Input The Water Temperature ()” of “7.3.
Specifying Liquid Density”.
“Direct density input ( ) ”
Proceeds from step 7 of “7.2. Measuring Solid Density(Specific Gravity), Function Table” to “Method To
Input The Density Directly ()” of “7.3. Specifying
Liquid Density".

18

Step

Display and Key
Operation

Description

17.

Press the PRINT key to store the settings.

18.

All preparations are complete.
Press the CAL key to enter the weighing mode to startmeasurement.

19.

Press the MODE key to display the specific gravity mode
units.
Go to “7.2. Measuring Solid Density (Specific Gravity),
Function Table” or “7.4. Measuring Liquid Density(Specific Gravity), Function Table”.
Measuring Solid
Density()
or

Measuring Liquid
Density()
Reference
The density function (specific gravity) uses “density function (Class

Density function(Specific gravity)

Item
Liquid density input
Substance
selection

Parameter)" of the function table.

Description
Density input of a liquid using watertemperature
Direct density input of a liquid
Density measurement of a solid
Density measurement of a liquid

indicates factory settings.
19

7.2.

Measuring Solid Density (Specific Gravity), Function Table

Cautions

When the temperature or type of liquid changes, register again the density of the liquid using “7.3.
Specifying Liquid Density”.
The measurement value of the density function (specific gravity mode) is fixed to 4 decimal
places. The minimum division cannot be changed using the SAMPLE key.
The procedure of the density (specific gravity) measurement is to weigh the sample in air, to weighthe sample in liquid and to display calculated density of the sample.

Procedure
Step

Display and Key
Operation

Description

1.

Weighing
Operation

Weighing mode for in air
Preparation for measurement in air.
(shows andblinks )Press the RE-ZERO key to display zero withnothing is put on the upper pan and lower pan.
2.

Put the sample on the upper pan and wait until theweighing value is stable. If necessary, press the
PRINT key to output the weight of the sample.

Sample in the air

Example output: Weight in air
A&D standard format (factory setting)
Weighing data
outputis a space
3.

Press the SAMPLE key to record weight in airand proceed to the weighing mode for liquid (shows andshows ).

Cautions
The SAMPLE key is inactive when weighingvalue
is overload

.

20

Step

Description

4.

Weighing mode for in liquid

Display and Key
Operation

Weighing
Operation

To measure the density of the liquid, pour it into
the beaker and sink the float.
(

shows,

shows ).

Adjust the amount of the liquid so that the float is
approximately 10 mm under the liquid surface
when float is hung in the liquid.

Sample inthe liquid

liquid surface.
Approx. 10 mm
SampleLower pan5.

Press the PRINT key to output the weighing
value.
Example output: Weight in air
A&D standard format (factory setting)is a space

6.

Weighing data
outputPress the SAMPLE key to record the weight in
the liquid and proceed to the liquid density input
mode (

shows andshows).

Cautions
The SAMPLE key is inactive when weighingvalue
is overload

.

21

Step

Description

7.

Liquid density input mode

Display and Key
Operation

Input the density of the liquid.
Refer to “Method To Input The Water Temperature()” (page 23) or “Method To Input The
Density Directly ()” (page 24) in “7.3.
Specifying Liquid Density”.

Input the Water
Temperature()
or

Input the Density
Directly()
8.

Press the PRINT key to proceed to the density
display of a solid. (9.

shows andshows)

Solid density display mode
If necessary, while the density of the sample isdisplayed, press the PRINT key to output thedensity.
The unit of density (specific gravity) is.
Weighing data
outputExample output: Density (specific gravity)
A&D standard format (factory setting)is a space
10.

If another sample is to be measured, press the
SAMPLE key and proceed to step 1 of
“Weighing mode for in air” (shows andblinks ).
11.

When the temperature or type of a liquid being
measured changes, if necessary, register again
the density of the liquid according to step 7 of“Liquid density input mode”.

12.

If the MODE key is pressed, the display ischanges to another weighing mode.
22

Weighing
Operation

Refer to"Liquid density
input mode” instep 7.

Sample inthe liquid

7.3.

Specifying Liquid Density

Select the density input method of a liquid when the solid density is measured.
The “liquid density input ()" has “Method To Input The Water Temperature (23) and “Method To Input The Density Directly (Method To Input The Water Temperature ()” (page)” (page 24).

)

This step is an additional explanation of step 7 “Liquid density input mode” (page 22).
The current setting of water temperature is displayed. (Factory setting is 25.0 °C.)
Refer to Table1 in “5.2.1. Density of Water” regarding the relation between temperature and density ofwater.
Register the water temperature using the following keys.
The setting range of temperature is 0.0 to 99.9 °C in 0.1 °C interval.

Step
1.

Display and Key
Operation

Description
RE-ZERO key
Increases number of blinking digit. (+ key)
(Number next 9 is 0.)

MODE keyDecreases number of blinking digit. (- key)
(Number next 0 is 9.)

SAMPLE key
Moves blinking digit.

23

Step
1.

Display and Key
Operation

Description
PRINT key
Stores the current setting and proceeds to the density display.
(Go to Step 9. “Solid density display mode”) (page 22)

CAL key
Cancels the setting and proceeds to the density display.
(Go to Step 9. “Solid density display mode”) (page 22)

Method To Input The Density Directly ()

This step is an additional explanation of step 7 “Liquid density input mode” (page 22).
The current setting of density of water is displayed. (Factory setting is 1.0000 g/cm3.)

Register density of water using the following keys.
The setting range of density is 0.0000 to 1.9999 g/cm3.
If the input becomes out of range, the balance displays

and returns to the input

display.
Step1.

Display and Key
Operation

Description
RE-ZERO key
Increases number of blinking digit. (+ key)
(Number next 9 is 0.)

24

Step
1.

Display and Key
Operation

Description
MODE keyDecreases number of blinking digit. (- key)
(Number next 0 is 9.)

SAMPLE key
Moves blinking digit.

PRINT key
Stores the current setting and proceeds to the density display.
(Go to Step 9. “Solid density display mode”) (page 22)

CAL key
Cancels the setting and proceeds to the density display.
(Go to Step 9. “Solid density display mode”) (page 22)

25

7.4.

Measuring Liquid Density (Specific Gravity), Function Table

The measurement value of density (specific gravity) is fixed to 3 decimal places. Minimum division
cannot be changed using the SAMPLE key. The procedure of the density (specific gravity)
measurement is to weigh the float in air, to weigh the float in liquid and to display calculated densityof the float. Each status and indications are as follows :Procedure
Step

Description

1.

Display and Key
Operation

Weighing
Operation

Weighing data
outputfloat in the air

Weighing mode for in air
Preparation for a measurement in air.
(shows ,

blinks )Press the RE-ZERO key to display zero withnothing placed on the density pan stand.
2.

Put the float on the upper pan and wait until theweighing value is stable. If necessary, press the
PRINT key to output the weight of the sample..
Example output: Weight in air
A&D standard format (factory setting)is a space

3.

Press the SAMPLE key to record weight in airand proceed to the weighing mode for liquid(shows andshows ).

Cautions
The SAMPLE key is inactive when weighingvalue
is overload

.

26

Step

Description

4.

Weighing mode for in liquid

Display and Key
Operation

Weighing
Operation

To measure the density of the liquid, pour it into
the beaker and sink the float.
(

shows,

shows ).

Adjust the amount of the liquid so that the float is
approximately 10 mm under the liquid surface
when
float is hung in the liquid.

float in liquid

Liquid surface
Approx. 10 mm
Float

5.

Wait until the weighing value is stable. To output
the weighing value, press the PRINT key.
Example output: Weight in liquid
A&D standard format (factory setting)is a space

6.

Weighing data
outputPress the SAMPLE key to record the weight in
the liquid and proceed to the float volume input
mode (

shows andshows ).

Cautions
The SAMPLE key is inactive when weighingvalue
is overload
7.

volume input
mode.

Float volume input mode
Input the volume of the float.
Refer to “7.5. Specifying Volume of Float” andinput the volume of the float.
27

Refer to “7.5.
Specifying Volumeof Float”.

Display and Key
Operation

Step

Description

8.

Press the PRINT key to proceed to the density
display (9.

shows andshows ).

float in liquid

Liquid density display mode
If necessary, while the calculated density of theliquid is displayed, press the PRINT key tooutput the density.
The unit of density (specific gravity) is.
Weighing data
outputExample output: density (specific gravity)
A&D standard format (factory setting)is a space
10.

If another sample is to be measured, press the
SAMPLE key and proceed to step 1 of
“Weighing mode for in air”(

11.

shows andWeighing
Operation

blinks ).

If the MODE key is pressed, the display ischanges to another weighing mode.

28

7.5.

Specifying Volume of Float

This step is an additional explanation of step 7 “Float volume input mode” (page 27).
The current volume of the float is displayed. (Factory setting is 10.00 cm3.)
Register the volume using the following keys.
The setting range of volume is 0.01 to 99.99 cm3 in 0.01 cm3 interval.

Step
1.

Display and Key
Operation

Description
RE-ZERO key
Increases number of a blinking digit. (+ key)
(Number next 9 is 0.)

MODE keyDecreases number of a blinking digit. (- key)
(Number next 0 is 9.)

SAMPLE key
Moves a blinking digit.

PRINT key
Stores the current setting and proceeds to the density display.
(Go to Step 9. “Liquid density display mode” ) ( Page 28.)

29

Step
1.

Display and Key
Operation

Description
CAL key
Cancels the setting and proceeds to the density display.
(Go to Step 9. “Liquid density display mode” ) ( Page 28.)30

8. Frequently Asked Questions and Answers
Question:
I would like to measure the density of a resin pellet or sheet, which floats in water. Is this possible?
Answer:Use a liquid that has a lower density than water and does not dissolve the sample, such as
methanol (density 0.798) or kerosene (density 0.80). The density of the liquid used is measured
using the float provided with the kit.
Question:
Can a sample containing bubbles be measured?
Answer:
The density of a sample with bubbles contained can be measured as it is. But as time passes, thebubbles disappear and the apparent density may change. A sample, which floats on water due tothis low density, cannot be measured.
Question:
The measurement repeatability may be affected by the water's surface tension.
What can I do about this?
Answer:A few drops of a surfactant (for example, a mild detergent for washing dishes) added to the water
reduces the influence of surface tension. A few drops of a surfactant will affect the liquid density only
a very small amount. When methanol is used in place of water, the influence of surface tension issmall, even without a surfactant.
Question:
When tap water is used, bubbles are gradually generated on the sample surface and ameasurement error occurs. What can I do about this?
Answer:Tap water contains dissolved gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide. When tap water is used,
the released dissolved gases generate bubbles. It is recommended that pure water or distilledwater, which contains few dissolved gases, be used.
Question:
I try to measure a highly water resistant material such as rubber, but bubbles stick to the sample.
What can I do about this?
Answer:
Before measurement, soak the sample in the water with an appropriate amount of surfactant
added. Doing this increases the sample surface hydrophilicity and bubbles may only stick to thesample surface in a very small amount.

31

Question:
Up to what size of sample can be measured?
Answer:Considering the density pan size, the maximum size of the sample that can be measured is asfollows: Diameter 25 mm
Height 30 mm
Question:
Can I measure the density of a liquid with a high viscosity?
Answer:A liquid with a viscosity up to 500 [mPa x s] can be measured. If the viscosity exceeds this value,
the float takes an excessive amount of time to sink and a measurement error occurs. Measuring
adhesives is not recommended because the adhesive sample may be difficult to remove from thefloat.
Question:
When a semi-micro balance is used, is accuracy improved?
Answer:Surface tension affects the measurement value in the range approximately between 0.2 mg and
1.0 mg. In a measurement using the 0.1 mg range, the magnitude of an error and the level ofbalance accuracy are almost the same. In a measurement using the 0.01 mg range, the magnitudeof an error greatly exceeds the level of balance accuracy. Therefore using a semi-micro balance is
not recommended.

32

MEMO

33

MEMO

34

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