熊本大学 Go Global Seminar
2017年1月27日（金）講演２“From bungotai (文語体) to Akitaben (秋田弁): A journey in searchof cultural competence”
By Prof. Mark Williams
University of Leeds, UK
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2

My objectives

To think about what we mean by Culturalcompetence in general – and thento consider the case ofEndō Shūsaku (遠藤周作) as agood example of a Japanese author
who was committed to considerationof this question.

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講演２

My journeyCopyright © 2017 University of Leeds. All rights reserved

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So what is cultural competency?

At the heart of cultural competency is the distinction
between:
Bilingual and Bicultural(Multilingual and Multicultural)
What is the difference?
Acquiring linguistic competency is (relatively!)easy, especially for children….
But …
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すみません  ‘Excuse me’;
 ‘Please’; ‘Thank you’; ‘I’m sorry’.
 済みません 日本は長いですか？
 どこに行くの？

 ちょっとそこまで。。。

Translating cultures 
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6‘Either the translator leaves theauthor in peace as much as
possible and moves the reader
towards him…...’
翻訳者が作家をそのままにしておいて、読者を作家の世界に連れて行くか。。。

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7‘…. Or he leaves the reader inpeace and moves the author
towards him.’。。。または、読者をそのままにしておいて、作家を翻訳の世界に連れて行くか。翻訳者がそのどちらかを選ばなければなりません。
(Lawrence Venuti, The Translator s Invisibility:
A History of Translation).

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8‘domesticating (同化 - a reduction of a foreign
text to the cultural values of the target language)
vs.
foreignising (異化 - which encourages/ obliges
the reader to travel abroad to the source culture)
This can be performed at the linguistic and/ orcultural level.
Some examples from my experience of translating the literature of Endō Shūsaku (遠藤周作):
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講演２

Domestication(同化)

Linguistic

Culturalらーめんnoodles/spaghetti;

６畳のへや medium‑sizedroom;

わからへん
dunno luv

Foreignisation(異化)

日本語（原文）の単語をそのまま残す（それらが英単語になる）(eg. sushi, kami‑kaze, samurai,Bushido, miso
soup, etc.)

観音像
 statue ofMary
日本（原）文化のシンボルをそのまま残す。
(exoticism の原因になる)(eg. 玄関で靴を脱ぐ; お風呂の外で体を洗う、など)

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A case study of culturalcompetency from Japan
遠藤周作 (1923-96)「日本人キリスト教作家」

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2017年1月27日（金）講演２

The dilemma for Endō:「キリスト教徒であり、日本人であり、しかも作家である私には、いつもこの三つの条件の関係、その対立が念頭にある。
この三つの条件は残念なことには、未だ私のうちで調和、統一されず、むしろ多くの場合に矛盾をしめすのである」。
「日本人感情の底にあるもの：メタフィジック批評と伝統美」
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The “trichotomy” (三分法)Japanese (日本人)

Christian(キリスト教信者)

author(作家)Copyright
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講演２13



遠藤周作
「沈黙」 （新潮文庫）

From the movie
Silence (2016),
directed by Martin
Scorsese
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26 martyrsofNagasaki(1597)

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2017年1月27日（金）講演２14A‘fumie’

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Statue ofMariaKannon

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講演２

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16

「踏むがいい」……..  ‘Trample!’「鶏が遠くで鳴いた」“Can anyone say that the weak do not suffer
more than the strong?"

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17Re. the human propensity for evil

‘Man is a splendid and beautiful being
and, at the same time, man is aterrible being as we recognised inAuschwitz – God knows well thismonstrous dual quality of man’(Endō).
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講演２

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ご清聴
ありがとうございました

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