「海事英語従事者の英語の分析」－関門海峡における海上管制官の海事英語－
Analysis of Maritime English－Maritime English of Kanmon Kaikyo Traffic Advisory Service Officers－
2010M41003 Emi Kawamoto
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze Maritime English of Traffic
Advisory Service Officers in the Kanmon Passage.
The service provides a full radar surveillance service giving traffic information andcontrol for vessels entering, leaving or navigating within Kanmon Kaikyo and its
adjacent waters. There are many foreign vessels(China, Korea, Philippines, Cambodia,Indonesia, Russia and so on) passing through this area. The officers of Kanmon Martis(Marine Traffic Information Service) give them some information, instruction, advice
and so on in English. They have to use IMO SMCP (Standard Marine CommunicationPhrases) when they contact each other. The SMCP builds on a basic knowledge of theEnglish language. It was drafted intentionally in a simplified version of maritime
English in order to reduce grammatical, lexical and idiomatic varieties to a tolerable
minimum, using standardized structures for the sake of its function aspects, i.e.
reducing misunderstanding in safety-related verbal communications. However, theforeign crews are not all English speakers who learn SMCP. I'm very interested in theircommunication in English between Kanmon Marits and foreign vessels.
The first chapter describes “Pidgin English”. The pidgin language is a simplified
language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that
do not have a language in common. A pidgin is not the native language of any speechcommunity, but is instead learned as a second language. I will give 3 pidgin English
languages: Tok Pisin, Japanese English in Hawaii and Singapore English. I found somecommon denominators as follows,① A lack of the function words the, a/an, is/are② The singular form and plural form are the same shape.
③ A lack of past form④

Reduction of consonant clusters and breaking them with epenthsisSince a pidgin language is a fundamentally simpler form of communication, thegrammar and phonology are usually as simple as possible.
There are some points of similarity between Pidgin English and Maritime English, so I
set up the following hypothesis:

“Maritime English is one of Pidgin Language.”
The second chapter describes the investigation and analysis of Maritime English. AndI will find some points in common between Pidgin English and Maritime English.
In the phrases offered for use in emergency and other situations developing underconsiderable pressure of time or psychological stress, as well as navigational warning, ablock language is applied which uses sparingly or omit the function words the, a/an,
is/are, as done in seafaring practice. Users, however, may be flexible in this respect.
Further communication features may be summarized as follows:・avoiding synonyms・avoiding contracted forms
For the reasons mentioned above, it can be concluded that the hypothesis wassupported.
In the third chapter, I conducted a survey using three questionnaire forms. The
informants are Kanmon Kaikyo Traffic Advisory Service Officers (about 34). The
contents of the questionnaire are follows:① The ellipsis of the definite article “the”② The ellipsis of Be verb
③ Maritime English used by the officers in the “imitative situation”
The following results were obtained:① The ellipsis of “the”: 57%②The ellipsis of Be verb: 14%

Use of “the”: 42%
Use of Be verb: 85%

The results show that the officers vary the function words according to the occasion.
In the questionnaire No.3, there are some interesting results. I could gather various
expressions. I will give some examples:
1. your behind vessel/ your ahead vessel [Japanese structure]
2. Pay attention other vessel. / Do you want overtake her? [Ellipsis]
3. A is entering to Tachinoura. / I am understand. [Addition]
4. She will passing~./ It is dangerous getting ~. [Verb]
Japanese has its own structure, so when Japanese people speak English at once,
Japanese language interferes with English. But most officers use right structure.
From what has been discussed above, it is clear that the officers of Kanmon Martis use
the SMCP, but they take precedence over clear and accurate English according to theoccasion.