魁CITIUS

CITIUS(Charge Integration Type Imaging Unit with high-Speed extended-dynamic-range detector)
CITIUS X-ray detector system

Electro-optical performance

The CITIUS X-ray detector system is a next-generation direct detection type, which employs an integral
method to measure the signal charge converted from X-ray photons. Direct detection has become a standard
in recent years and achieves high sensitivity and effective zero noise.

Sensor material

Silicon(Si)ArchtectureInterating pixel, fast frame readout

Sesor thickness

650 μmNominal Quantum Efficiency [1]

100 % @ 6 keVIt also has a capable of detecting high-intensity X-rays. It performs a high counting rate that cannot
be achieved with the current state-of-the-art photon-counting detectors and has the world’s highestperformance.

High Count Rate - 600 Mcps/pixel @ 12 keV

94 % @ 12 keV
47 % @ 20 keV
Pixel size

72.6 μm x 72.6 μm

As a performance index, the maximum number of X-ray photons, called the saturation count rate, can bemeasured in one second. For CITIUS X-ray detector systems, the saturation count rate is inversely proportional
to photon energy.

Format384 x 728 = 279,552 pixels

Image area

27.88 mm x 52.85 mm

Noise< 60 e-rms. (equivalent to 0.018 photons @12 keV)

The CITIUS X-ray detector system achieves 600 Mcps at 12 keV. The high count rate makes it possible toupgrade existing experiments. It expects to use in new experimental methods for high-brightness lightsources.

Peak signal

1,800 photons/pixel/frame @ 12 keV

Saturation count rate

30 Mcps/pixel @ 12 keV – standard configuration
600 Mcps/pixel @ 12 keV – High Dynamic Range

High Frame Rate - 17.4 kfps
The frame rate in an image sensor defines as the number of images per second. The higher the speed, thehigher the time resolution, and the change in the object can be recorded.
The CITIUS, a CMOS image sensor is of the integration type (charge integration type) and can accurately
record the amount of signal while operating at high speed.
Furthermore, the maximum amount of signal for each frame is as large as 1800 photons/frame, enabling adetailed analysis on a frame-by-frame basis at high speed.

Max frame rate

17.4 kHz – standard configuration

Supported energy range

1.5 - 40 keV [2][1] B.L. Henke, et.al., Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables Vol. 54 (no.2), 181-342 (July 1993).
[2] For the operations in 1.5-5 keV and intense and continuous X-ray detection beyond 8 keV,
please consult with us.

Camera Head Line-up

280k
1 sensor

840k
3 sensors

Data Framing Board (DFB)

2.2M
8 sensors

840k with Vacuum Flange
3 sensors

840k System Configuration Example

Another feature of the CITIUS X-ray detector is the data acquisition board, which was developed at the sametime as the sensors. Three boards are used per sensor via PCI Express slots in the edge server, supporting up
to 140 Gbps input data/board, with the following features.
• Correction processing• Compression processing - in some experiments compression ratios of over 1/1000 have been achieved• Selective processing and addition of the required frames
Haruki Nishino, et.al., The false beat signal of a high-speed X-ray imaging detector for synchrotron radiation
experiments and its elimination with a synchronized CITIUS detector, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A,Vol.1057 (2023) , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2023.168710.

CITIUS Edge Server
The CITIUS Edge Server has multiple DFBs mounted in PCIe slots for data collection and data processing asrequired.

The above configuration is an example. Please consult with us as it will vary depending on the customer’senvironment. The vacuum pump and water cooling system are not shown in the diagram above, but arerequired together.