Application Guide

AT THE HEART OF POWER ELECTRONICS
Solutions for specific Applications

New_Applications_Broch.indd 1

11.04.2016 15:40:36

LEM solutions for electrical measurements
LEM has been the market leader in providing innovative and high quality solutions for measuring electricalparameters for the last 40 years. Its core products - current and voltage transducers - are used in a broad
range of applications including drives & welding, renewable energies & power supplies, traction, high precision,
conventional and green vehicle businesses.
With higher accuracy and speed, the feedback signal from LEM transducers enables smoother control andenergy consumption reduction of many electrical systems.
At the heart of … DRIVES

In most lifts installed worldwide, LEM transducers prevent the doors closing on passengers. They keep thecabin stable when people enter, and ensure that the lift rides smoothly by adjusting the torque of the motor.
DRIVES & WELDING MARKET
Today, the transducer market has two main technology drivers: first, the desire for a greater degree of comfort
and finer regulation, and second, the need to save energy. This means that more and more applications thatused to be mechanical are changing to fully electronic control which provides increased reliability, improved
regulation and higher energy efficiency.
Today, about 15 % of all motors have an inverter control. This inverter can save 50 % of the total energy
consumed, which is a huge potential for savings.
The inverter control used in these newer systems requires reliable, accurate current measurement to enableengineers to develop a system with isolated current measurement directly on the motor phases.
LEM products are already used among a broad spectrum of power electronics applications such as industrial
motor drives, UPS, welding, robots, cranes, cable cars, ski lifts, elevators, ventilation, air-conditioning, power
supplies for computer servers, and telecom.
This trend towards more involved power electronics happens in a general manner in the industrial world, forexample, in lighting, domestic appliances, computers and telecom applications. Power electronics increases
efficiency by delivering the correct type of power at the most efficient voltage, current and frequency.
At the heart of … RENEWABLE ENERGIESLEM transducers, specifically designed for renewable power systems, control the flow and waveform of energy
sent to the grid from photovoltaic and other renewable energy systems. They measure the current to help thewindmills and solar installations to work at their maximum efficiency.
RENEWABLE ENERGIES & POWER SUPPLIES MARKET
Energy savings are the key words today and this includes the exploitation of the wind and the sun as alternate
energies. To use these renewable sources in the most energy efficient way, the use of power electronics is amust and is essential to drive and control energy in industrial applications.
Modern systems are becoming more complex and require precise coordination between the power
semiconductors, the system controller, mechanics, and the feedback sensors.

2

New_Applications_Broch.indd 2

11.04.2016 15:40:36

Transducers provide the necessary information from the load to fulfill that function. We can compare the useof transducers to adding “eyes” to the system. They can supply the “brain” of the system, in real time, withinformation regarding the condition of the controller.
At the heart of … TRACTION

Regardless of whether a train is powered by diesel or electricity, traction is provided by electric motors driven
by inverters that are relying on LEM transducers to measure, optimize and adjust the power that is sent to themotors, improving both performance and reliability.
TRACTION & TRACKSIDE MARKET
Today, high speed trains, city transit systems (metro, trams, and trolleybuses) and freight trains are thesolutions against pollution and interstate traffic immobility, and provide significant energy savings.
Power electronics is essential to drive and control energy in these transportation systems.
LEM has been the market leader in traction power electronics applications and development for the last 40
years and leverages this vast experience to supply solutions for isolated current and voltage measurements.
LEM transducers provide control and protection to power converters and inverters that regulate energy to theelectric motors (for propulsion) and to the auxiliaries (for air conditioning, heating, lighting, electrical doors,
ventilation, etc.). This includes the incoming monitoring of the voltage network (changing by crossing European
borders) to make the power electronics work accordingly.
Although this is true for on-board applications, LEM has also provided the same control and protection signals
for wayside substations.
The rail industry is under constant change and evolution. As a recent example, the privatization of the rail
networks raised new requirements for which LEM provides: the onboard monitoring of power consumption(EM4T II Energy Meter), solutions for trackside applications, rail maintenance and the monitoring of points(switches) machines or signaling conditions with some new transducers families.
At the heart of … HIGH PRECISION APPLICATIONS

The current transducer used has a direct impact on the image and if the transducer is not precise enough thiswill lead to a blurred and illegible image. LEM current transducers set a standard for accuracy and are the mostprecise industrial products in the market today. The transducers provide levels of stability and precision, at
about 1–3 parts per million, which makes them references in calibration test benches or in laboratories.
HIGH PRECISION MARKET
Certain power-electronics applications require such high performance in accuracy, drift and/or response timethat is necessary to switch to other technologies to achieve these goals. The validation of customer equipment
is made through recognized laboratories using high-performance test benches supported by high-technology
equipment including extremely accurate current transducers. These transducers are still in need today forsuch traditional applications but are more and more in demand in high-performance industrial applications,specifically medical equipment (scanners, MRI, etc.), precision motor controllers, and metering or accessories
for measuring and test equipment. LEM has been the leader for years in producing transducers with highperformance and competitive costs for these markets.

3

New_Applications_Broch.indd 3

11.04.2016 15:40:37

The 2009 acquisition of the Danish company, Danfysik ACP A/S, as being the world’s leader in the development
and manufacturing of very-high precision current transducers, reinforced this position.
To achieve this challenging target of accuracy and performance, LEM’s current transducers for the highprecision market use an established and proven technology, the Fluxgate technology deployed in different
alternatives.
Thanks to this technology we can claim accuracies in the parts per million (PPMs) of the nominal magnitude
giving an idea about the performance achieved.
The high-accuracy product range covers transducers for nominal current measurements from 12.5 A to 24 kA
while providing overall accuracies at ambient temperatures (25°C) of only a few PPM. Thermal offset drifts are
extremely low, only a few PPM per Kelvin (K).
At the heart of … AUTOMOTIVE

In electric and hybrid vehicles, LEM transducers monitor energy levels to and from the battery and are critical in
the control of the electric motors.
AUTOMOTIVE MARKETIn the automotive market, LEM works with all the major car manufacturers and Tier-1 suppliers in the world, andsupplies galvanically-isolated electronic transducers that measure currents in battery-management and motorcontrol applications.
The ever more stringent requirements for energy efficiency and reduced CO2 emissions lead car manufacturers
to increasingly depend on on-board electrical components. From electric power-steering and stop-starttechnologies to on-board navigation and infotainment systems, these components put an additional load on theelectrical circuits and particularly the battery, making it essential to control the energy generated and consumed
by the various on-board systems. In collaboration with its customers and with the help of powerful simulation
techniques, LEM uses the most-appropriate technology (from Hall-cell to fluxgate) to measure the currents
entering and leaving the car’s battery and/or the alternator. This allows an intelligent management of available
power that leads to the increased efficiency of today’s internal-combustion engines. More importantly still,
the hybrid- and electric-vehicles entering the market today depend on accurate measurement of battery-packcurrents to determine the available driving range and recharging strategy. LEM has the technology.
Not only must battery currents be accurately measured in hybrid- and electric-vehicles, but the electric motors
driving the wheels of this new generation of automobiles also need to be precisely controlled to allow smooth
operation. Electric motor phase-current sensing has been LEM’s core competency since its beginning andremains today a major application for its technology. LEM has a dedicated product range for measuring phasecurrents in motors and DC-DC converters essential to all hybrid- and electric-vehicles.
It is our business to provide you with both standard and customised products to optimize your applications
all around the world. We have regional sales offices and production facilities in Switzerland, Europe (including
Russia and Bulgaria) and Asia (China and Japan).

4

New_Applications_Broch.indd 4

11.04.2016 15:40:37

ABC OF TRANSDUCERS
Transducers are hidden at the heart of power electronics applications. Without noticing it, you probably walkby and even use several LEM transducers every day. They are present in trains, buses, elevators, and allsorts of technical equipment such as industrial drives on motors, welders, inverters, electric vehicles andbattery-backed uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) in computer servers.
The function of a transducer is not, as with an ammeter, to take a measurement and record it, but to supply
an isolated signal indicating the exact value of a constantly varying current. Used as a feedback for control
purposes, this signal allows accurate and smooth adjustment of equipment operation. LEM transducers
provide the feedback signal needed for controlling and monitoring complex currents and voltages from 0.25
A (e.g. in a drilling machine) to 24000 A (e.g. in current monitoring for electrolysis) and up to 4200 V (e.g. in
the traction network for railways) in various technologies in a wide range of applications.

SUMMARYLEM SOLUTIONS..........................................................................................................................................2-4
ABC OF TRANSDUCERS................................................................................................................................. 5
DRIVES AND WELDING MARKET
Robots.............................................................................................................................................................. 6
Plasma Cutting................................................................................................................................................. 7
Elevator............................................................................................................................................................ 8
HIGH PRECISION MARKET
Medical Scanners............................................................................................................................................. 9
RENEWABLE ENERGIES & POWER SUPPLIES MARKET
Windmills........................................................................................................................................................ 10
Solar............................................................................................................................................................... 11
TRACTION AND TRACKSIDE MARKET
Traction-Locomotive...................................................................................................................................... 12
Trackside........................................................................................................................................................ 13
AUTOMOTIVE MARKET
Conventional & Hybrid Electric Vehicles........................................................................................................ 14
Electric plug-in cars...................................................................................................................................14-15
Start-Stop Systems........................................................................................................................................ 15
LEM INTERNATIONAL SALES REPRESENTATIVES...................................................................................... 16

5

New_Applications_Broch.indd 5

11.04.2016 15:40:37

Drives and Welding Market

ROBOTS
A robot is an electromechanical machinethat is guided by computer and electronic
programming. Robots can be autonomous,semi-autonomous or remotely controlled.
Robots range from humanoids such as ASIMO
and TOPIO to nanorobots and industrial robots.
Industrial robots usually require movements in
3-6 axes in order to move the end of the armin every position. Typical applications of robots
include welding, painting, assembly, pick-andplace (such as packaging, palletizing and SMT),
product inspection, and testing; all accomplishedwith high endurance, speed, and precision.

CASR

The robot arm is moved by electrical motors:
usually one motor for each axis. The motors
are controlled by a power inverter that receives
its signal from a motion control unit. In order tocontrol the arm, the power inverter drives the
motor from one position to the next and stops
precisely in position. To do so, an accurate
measurement of the current is needed.
Transducers are used to measure the current
and, together with the position sensor, they are
responsible for controlling the fast movement andthe precision to stop the arm in the new position.
The motion control unit also contains the memory
used to store all the positions required for thiswork.

1 Control Unit
2 Inverter
3 MotorA CASR

1

3

A

2

6

New_Applications_Broch.indd 6

11.04.2016 15:40:37

How do you cut steel or other metals? There aredifferent methods to do it: besides mechanicalmethods, for example sawing, the industry alsouses gas or laser techniques.
Plasma cutting uses a “plasma torch”. In thisprocess, an inert gas (in some units, compressedair) is blown at high speed out of a nozzle; at thesame time an electrical arc is formed throughthat gas from the nozzle to the surface being cut,turning some of that gas to plasma. The plasma
is hot enough to melt the metal being cut andmoves sufficiently fast to blow molten metal awayfrom the incision.

LAH

How do you form an electrical arc? You make acontact by touch to the metal and then move a
few millimetres away from the metal. In that way
the arc is formed and can melt the metal.

1
2
3
4
A

Drives and Welding Market

PLASMA CUTTING

To maintain the arc continuously, the current
through the arc is measured by a current
transducer that feeds the value of the current
back to a control unit, which regulates it using
modern IGBTs (Isolated Gate Bipolar Transistors)
to ensure the current intensity of the arc. The
accuracy of the measurement is important toguarantee the accuracy and shape of the cut.

Electronic
Motor
Torch
XY-table
LAH
1
A

2

3
2

4

7

New_Applications_Broch.indd 7

11.04.2016 15:40:37

Drives and Welding Market

ELEVATOR
Elevators are generally powered by electricmotors that either drive traction cables orcounterweight systems like a hoist.
Machine room-less elevators are designed sothat most of the components fit within the shaft
containing the elevator car.
A small cabinet houses the elevator controller andthe motors.
The motor (2) is controlled by an inverter and acontroller (3).
As soon as someone pushes a button to request
the elevator, the controller gives the necessary
signals to the inverter. It then moves the motor in
the right direction and lets it stop exactly at theright position to the floor ground independentof the weight in the elevator car. The current
transducers take care that the motor is poweredwith the correct current.

2

2

3
B

1

A

Elevator doors protect riders from falling into theshaft. The most common configuration is to have
two panels that meet in the middle and slide open
laterally.
The doors are controlled by a control unit (1)that integrates the motors of the sliding doors
and the protection of the riders. The current
transducer measures the current in the motors
for two purposes: to run the panels smoothly
and to discover if something (e.g., a finger, a leg)
obstructs the doors in which case the closing
would be stopped.

LTS

1
2
3
A
B

Door control unit
Motor
Controller
LTS
LA 150-P

LA 150-P

8

New_Applications_Broch.indd 8

11.04.2016 15:40:39

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique mostcommonly used to visualize the detailed internal structure of the body. One
advantage of an MRI scan is that it is harmless to the patient. It uses strong
magnetic fields and non-ionizing radiation in the radio frequency range, unlike
CT scans and traditional X-rays which both make use of ionizing radiation.

ITL 900-T

1 Gradient coils
2 Magnet & Shim
3 Generator
4 Gradient amplifier
5 Shim control
6 Radio frequency coil
7 Radio frequency amplifier
8 CPU & Display
A ITL 900-T

The body is largely composed of water molecules which each contain two hydrogen
nuclei or protons. When a person goes inside the powerful magnetic field of thescanner, the magnetic moments of these protons align with the direction of the
field. A radio frequency electromagnetic field is then briefly turned on, causing theprotons to alter their alignment relative to the field. When this field is turned off the
protons return to the original magnetization alignment.
These alignment changes create a signal which can be detected by the scanner. The
frequency at which the protons resonate depends on the strength of the magnetic
field. The position of protons in the body can be determined by applying additional
magnetic fields during the scan which allows an image of the body to be built up.
These are created by turning gradient coils on and off which creates the knocking
sounds heard during an MRI scan.

High Precision Market

MEDICAL SCANNERS

The magnetic field is generated by 3 gradient amplifiers that increase the energy
signal before it reaches the gradient coils. They are capable of creating a precise
magnetic field that will need to vary depending on the location. The 3 coils areperpendicular to each other in order to reproduce a 3 dimensional image. One LEM
ITL 900 transducer is used for each gradient amplifier.
The ITL 900 measures and assures the precise level of electric current going to
the gradient amplifiers used to generate the magnetic field. The
precision of the current measurement is a critical factor to beable to generate the optimal magnetic field according to theposition of the patient and the body part to be imaged.
The current measurement has a direct impact on
the quality of the image.

2

1

6

2

7
A

4
3
5

8

9

New_Applications_Broch.indd 9

11.04.2016 15:40:39

Renewable Energies & Power Supplies Market

WINDMILLS
Modern onshore and offshore wind energy
turbines drive a generator that converts themechanical energy from the turning blades into
electricity.
LEM transducers
contribute in two ways
to improve safety
and efficiency ofwind turbines.
1.
To
ensurethegenerators work mostefficiently, electric motors
turn the nacelle and the rotor
into the wind. In addition, an
active power control system
adjusts the rotor blades within theirlongitudinal axis. LEM’s transducers
in the power converters continuously
measure the current in order to optimally
position the turbine.

LF xx10 models

54
2. The electricity produced needs to be fed safely
into the power grid, meaning it needs to besupplied with continuous power at a controlledfrequency and voltage. LEM’s current transducers
enable optimal control and protection of the AC/
DC (Alternating Current/Direct Current) converterto feed the power grid.

LA 55-P
LA 200-P

1 Blades2 Tower
3 Rotor
4 Brake
5 Generator
6 Pitch control
7 Pitch motors
8 Yaw motor
9 Yaw control
10 Converter
11 Power grid
12 Yaw
A LF xx10 models
B LA 55-P / LA 200-P

7

9

12
1

B

6
B
8

3

11
2

10
A

10

New_Applications_Broch.indd 10

11.04.2016 15:40:41

Renewable Energies & Power Supplies Market

SOLAR
In solar panels, the generated electricity can be used for autonomous installations, remote fromthe distribution grid, which charge a battery. This is commonly referred to as an “offgrid system”.
In contrast, the grid-connected system feeds energy back into the grid. In photovoltaic panels,
transducers control the energy flow to the grid and are used for ensuring the safety of equipment
and people.

HLSR

CAS

Thousands of solar panels are required to build a solar plant, and the performance of the overall
installation has to be monitored in order to maximize its efficiency. The inverter used for the conversionof the power to the grid will ensure a part of this efficiency by tracking if the Maximum Power Point(MPP) for the generated current and voltage is reached for the total installation. In order to be themost efficient, the current has to be measured. This will allow adapting the parameters to adjust the
Maximum Power Point for the generated current and voltage, but also to detect any defective solar
panel (CAS/CASR/CKSR models). Furthermore it is vital to the employees’ safety to be able to detect
any earth leakage current potentially happening, as this would be a safety hazard. The transducers
measure the current to ensure that the circuits are not loosing any current anywhere (CTSR models).

CASR

In a solar plant, a simple way to detect a defective solar panel is to check the current produced byeach PV string. A comparison of the current generated by each PV string allows evaluating if theyeach produce the same level. Some levels of unbalance between PV strings can be set to trigger an
alarm if they are reached. In order to be the most efficient, the current has to be measured on eachPV string.
This will allow adapting the parameters to adjust the MPP of the respective solar string, but also todetect any defective solar panel that is part of the solar string (reducing the efficiency of the solar string
substantially). For solar plants that are equipped with motorized panels, the current control will also
allow the solar panel orientation tracking versus the sun position; this will give the best yield. Boxes
for the parallel connection of the PV strings are used. They are often called “combiner boxes”(but also “smart combiner boxes” or “array boxes”) integrating the current and voltage measurements
for each string and checking several PV strings (HLSR models).

CKSR

1

1
C
2
3
1

B

CTSR

New_Applications_Broch.indd 11

1 PV strings
2 Combiner boxes
3 Inverter
A CTSR models
B CAS/CASR/CKSR models
C HLSR models

A

11

11.04.2016 15:40:42

Traction and Trackside Market

TRACTION-LOCOMOTIVE
A locomotive obtains energy from the line
over the pantograph (1) on the roof. Usually inEurope this is 15kV or 25kV AC voltage. The
second connection is on earth connected over
the wheels to the locomotive.

LTC 1000

Some locomotives are able to run in different
systems. The Eurostar, for example, is able to
run with four different voltages: 25kV/AC/50Hz,
3kV DC, 1.5kV DC, and 750V DC. From thepantograph the energy flows into a transformer(2), which transforms the voltage to 2.8kV orlower. After, a rectifier transforms the voltage
from AC to DC.
Voltage and current transducers are used tomeasure the current and the voltage on thesecondary side of the transformer and on theDC-side. Inverters (3) are used to transformthe energy into the right voltage and current
to drive the motors (4), usually one motor per
axis or every second axis. Special differential
transducers are implemented at the secondaryside of the transformer to detect any leakage
current flowing in the train.
Besides the main drive, additional inverters areused for heating, air-conditioning and ventilation.
They are called auxiliary inverters (5) andnormally placed under the roof of the locomotive.
Transducers are used to measure the motor
currents and to optimize their efficiency.

DVL

1 Pantograph
2 Transformer
3 Inverters
4 Motors
5 Auxiliary inverter
A LTC 1000
B DVL

1

A
5
A
3

B

1

4
2

4

4

PCM
12

New_Applications_Broch.indd 12

11.04.2016 15:40:43

CASR

The increasing separation of infrastructure and railway responsibilities within the rail system
underlines, among other things, the importance of trackside monitoring. This serves tooptimize the capital investment and maintenance costs of track equipment such point
machines, crossing gates, signaling… while ensuring satisfactory levels of safety andoperational performance through conditioned monitoring methods.
Among the goals have been to decrease train service interruptions due to failures, to improve
the punctuality and to reduce potentially strong penalties. Also, the availability of the railway
network is becoming more and more crucial. Existing infrastructure must be exploited more
efficiently, which is why monitoring crucial track objects (points, crossing gates, signaling…)
is an indispensable tool in this context. Online monitoring makes it possible to take preventive
actions before abnormalities lead to failures.

LTSR

LA 25-NP

About 25 % of disturbances causing trains delays are due to the point (switch) machines along
the tracks. Their preventive maintenance, with potential replacement prior to failure, is a way of
improvement thanks to their conditioned monitoring.
The output from a transducer measuring the DC (or AC) current drawn by the point (switch)
motor is logged to produce an operational profile of current against time. This is then stored
within a data logging system and used as the control characteristic. This “footprint” forms
the basis of comparison for any future measurements. As time elapses, changes in thiselectrical footprint can indicate mechanical wear, lack of lubrication, jamming within the
point mechanism (ie. caused by ballast), electrical motor and winding failure, andpoint misalignment, all identified by an increase in total current drawn. Any variationfrom the normal footprint also indicates the likelihood of other incipient problems –wear, rust, debris, vandalism...

Traction and Trackside Market

TRACKSIDE

Using current profile monitoring before problems or a criticalbreakdown occurs, an early warning of machine failure is provided
to signal preventive maintenance. When necessary, the replacementof material (a point motor for example) is performed with supporting
evidence (i.e. current profile records).
Generally speaking,this optimizes the efficiency of
the railway
maintenance staff, minimizes
thetraffic
disruption
and keeps costs to an
acceptable level.

5

4

4
B

1

2
3 A

1 Train2 Railroad
3 Point machine
4 Trackside control cabinet (power supply...)5 Control room
A PCM models
B CASR or LTSR or LA 25-NP models

13

New_Applications_Broch.indd 13

11.04.2016 15:40:45

Automotive Market

CONVENTIONAL & HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES
In cars, features such as air conditioning, electric windows,
the entertainment system, lights, heated seats, clocks as wellas computers require energy. Computers even function when
the car is not running.
All these sources must have enough energy to run. And thebattery management system in the car is important to ensure
its optimal function. The status of the battery’s energy levelcan be measured by a transducer such as the DHAB which
will be able to detect the level of energy that is flowing intoand out of the battery. This information is fed into the car’s
computer and will enable various calculations and operations
to ensure an optimal battery management.

HAH1

HEV Hybrid Electric Vehicles are cars that have both aconventional internal combustion engine (ICE) and an electricmotor which is powered by batteries.
Modern HEVs can significantly reduce fuel consumption by
up to 50% and air pollution emissions by up to 90%. These
reductions are due primarily to the use of three mechanisms:-Reducing wasted energy during idle and low speeds, by
turning the internal combustion engine (ICE) off-Recapturing waste energy by regenerative braking torecharge the battery-Reducing the size and power of the ICE engine and using thebetter torque response of electric motors.

DHAB

Here again, the transducers measure the status of the batteries
charge, allowing the on-board computer to know the exact
energy level of the battery. This helps the computers to makethe most energy efficient decision about using the electric or
ICE engine.

HC5F

8

1

C 7

B

1

5

6

B

A

2

9
3

14

1 Battery
2 Vehicle control unit
3 Electric motor and transaxle
4 DC/DC Converter
5 Internal combustion engine
6 Starter-generator
7 Rectifier
8 Fuel tank
9 Electric motor controller

New_Applications_Broch.indd 14

4

A

A HAH1B DHABC HC5F

1 High-voltage battery
2 Vehicle control unit
3 Charger
4 Motor controller
5 Electric motor and transaxle
6 DC/DC converter
7 Electric power steering

11.04.2016 15:40:46

START-STOP SYSTEMSBATTERY MANAGEMENTOver the past few years, an increasing numberof new car models are available with a systemthat automatically shuts off the engine while
stopped in traffic, and restarts it as soon as thedriver engages a gear or presses the accelerator.
These so-called start-stop systems reduce theamount of time the engine spends idling, thereby
lowering fuel consumption, and gas emissions.
To function safely and efficiently, these startstop systems need a careful measurement of
the electric energy available in the batteries.

The sensor is the key element tomeasure the autonomy of the car.
It measures the current in and outof the battery pack and hence
the units of energy available tobe consumed. This information
helps to calculate the remaining
distance that can be driven basedon the current battery charge.

HAH3

ELECTRIC MOTORMANAGEMENTBATTERY MANAGEMENT

These sensors are used to
manage the converter and/or
inverter. The information provided
by these sensors is used to adjust
the drive performance to the
speed required by the driver.

CAB

CHARGER MANAGEMENT

Automotive Market

ELECTRIC PLUG-IN CARS

The current sensors (HAB, CAB) allow thebattery management system to decide if enoughenergy is available in the battery to operate
the accessories (such as air-conditioning,headlights, and radio) while the engine is off,and still have ample charge left to restart theengine.
“POWER-CONTROL UNIT” AND “STARTERGENERATOR” MANAGEMENT

The sensor is used as a safety partof the car; it is the key elementof the DC circuit breakers. It
measures the leakage current
that could occur during thecharging phase. The same sensor
may also be used for battery packmeasurement. Due to its highaccuracy it can provide muchbetter information and thereby
help to increase the autonomy of
the car or reduce the cost of thebattery pack.

HAB

The “power-control unit” will instruct the“starter-generator” to restart the engine orrecharge the battery, as needed, and current
sensors (HC5F, HAH3) used in the converters
and inverter modules allow it to operatesmoothly, improving the driver experience while
helping the environment.

A

C
3
2

D 5

4

7
C

5

2
3

A
4

C

B

1

B

A

A
6

A HAH1B CAB
C HC5F

New_Applications_Broch.indd 15

1 Battery
2 Power-control unit
3 Internal combustion engine
4 Starter-generator
5 Rectifier

A CAB
B HAB
C HC5FD HAH315

11.04.2016 15:40:47

LEM International Sales Representatives

Production Centers (PDCs)
Adaptation Centers
Sales Offices
Agents / Distributors

Find your local LEM sales contact on our website: www.lem.com.

Distributor

LEM International SA
8, Chemin des Aulx, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates
Tel. +41 22 706 11 11, Fax +41 22 794 94 78
e-mail: lsa@lem.com; www.lem.com
Publication ANE160408/0

New_Applications_Broch.indd 16

11.04.2016 15:40:47