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Cornelissen, MTC 24-6-2019

Introduction

Where are the Low Lands ?
BELGIUM AND THE NETHERLANDSGHENT AND NIEUWEGEIN

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Cornelissen, MTC 24-6-2019

Introduction

Where are the Low Lands ?
BELGIUM AND THE NETHERLANDSGHENT AND NIEUWEGEIN

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Cornelissen, MTC 24-6-2019

Introduction

Two buildings – One mission
KWR – NIEUWEGEIN (THE NETHERLANDS)

GHENT UNIVERSITY – GHENT (BELGIUM)

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Cornelissen, MTC 24-6-2019

Introduction
Some figures

KWR – Nieuwegein (the Netherlands) (60%)•Water Research InstituteGhent University – Ghent (Belgium) (40%)•180 employees

Ranked 61st (Shanghai Ranking Index)

44 k students and 9k staff•

3 departments  Water Systems & Technology•

11 Faculties  Bioengineering•

12 in drinking water treatment group•40 in Particle and Interfacial Technology GroupBridging Science to Practice5

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Background
Reverse Osmosis
A robust barrier- Pathogens removal- Rejection of salts (incl. softening)- Rejection of organic micro-pollutants

The route to
1-step ROtreatment- Biological stable permeate water- Rejection of particles

RO ON RIVERBANK FILTRATE AT OASEN

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Background
Reverse Osmosis
A robust barrier- Pathogens removal- Rejection of salts (incl. softening)- Rejection of organic micro-pollutants- Biological stable permeate water- Rejection of particles

SPIRAL WOUND MEMBRANE MODULE

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Background
Reverse Osmosis
MULTI SOURCE

1-STEP RO

The route to
1-step RO
treatment

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Background & aim
Many questions- Re-mineralization permeate- Biological stability- Rejection organic micro-pollutants- Pathogen removal- Membrane integrity
Focus today on- (Minimal) pre-treatment- Control membrane fouling- Technical economic evaluation
RE-MINERALIZATION

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Background & aim

Fouling and pre-treatment
COAG./FLOC./SED.

ULTRAFILTRATIONSAND FILTRATION(MICRO) SIEVESExample of spacer clogging

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Materials and methods
Source water

Dissolved organic carbon : 6.1 mg-C/l
Predominantly humic acids : 65-75%
Biopolymers : 13% of 0.7 mg-C/l
Seasonal variations (March-November)

LOCALLY AVAILABLE LAKE WATER

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Materials and methods
Pre-treatment

ULTRAFILTRATION PENTAIR XIGA-46 (AFTER 250 UM)

25UM SCREEN FILTRATION (AFTER 250 UM)

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Materials and methods
Reverse Osmosis

Six 2,5-inch ESPA2 SWM elements• Ultrafiltration (2) & screens (4)• With (3) & without (3) air/water cleaning1• High (4) & low (2) flux2
Focusing on:• Fouling resistance increase (fouling)• Pressure drop increase (clogging)
1 Daily 5 min @ air/water ratio = 4:1
2 Respectively 25 LMH and 10 LMH

RO SET-UP WITH 6 PARALLEL ELEMENTS

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ResultsPF14PC

Effect of pre-treatment (UF versus screen)
FOULING RESISTANCEPPPRESSURE DROP (CLOGGING)

2,5E+141,4
1,2

2E+141

NPD (bar)RF (1/m)

1,5E+14

1E+140,80,6

5E+130,400,20

102030-5E+134050

6000vP (m3/m2)

102030vF (m3/m2)

UF operated at 20 LMH

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Effect of pre-treatment (UF versus screen)
FOULING RESISTANCEPRESSURE DROP (CLOGGING)

2,5E+141,41,2

2E+141

NPD (bar)RF (1/m)

1,5E+14Initial Membrane Fouling Rate (1/m2)

1E+140,8Spacer Clogging Rate (bar/m)

0,65E+130,400,20102030-5E+1340506000vP (m3/m2)

102030vF (m3/m2)

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Results

Effect of pre-treatment, air/water cleaning and flux
Initial UF operation at 0
Substantial fouling and clogging after screen
Air/water cleaning only impacts clogging

clogging

Flux only impacts fouling

IMPACT FOULING AND CLOGGING

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Business Case 1-step RO
ULTRAFILTRATIONREVERSE OSMOSE

Two scenario’s1. Ultrafiltration followed by RO25 (stateof-the art)
2. Screens followed by RO (1-step RO10)
AimDetermine technical economic feasibility 1step RO scenario

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Business Case 1-step RO
Approach

SCREENS FOR RO PRETREATMENT

Excel spreadsheet cost calculations (± 30%) for the 2 scenario's
RHDHV cost calculation (for small projects)• From 2000
• Indexation over 15 year : 1,5% averaged• Installations with a capacity of approx. < 200 m3/h
• Industrial installations (skids construction costs)

COSTS ?

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Business Case 1-step RO
Assumptions design

Ultrafiltration (state of the art scenario)• Flux 60 LMH @ 0,5 bar• 85% recovery (backwash losses)• 20 mg/L chemicals (NaOH, NaOCl,…)
Reverse Osmosis• Flux 25 LMH @ 12 bar (UF-RO scenario)• Flux 10 LMH @ 8 bar (1-step RO scenario)• 75% recovery• 5x chemicals in 1-step scenario
PILOT TRIALS USING SWM ELEMENTS (2016)20

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Business Case 1-step RO
Assumptions financial
RHDHV cost calculations• Interest 3% within 20 year
• Depreciation installation & membranes

Kleinschalige kostenberekening
Naam
Emile Cornelissen
Datum
2-feb-17
Capaciteit

150 m3/h

RO flux
RO recovery
RO druk
RO chemie

10 LMH75%
8 bar
25 mg/L

876000 m3/jaar

respectively 20 & 6 years• Investment factor (building, services)• UF cost = 60 €/m2
• RO cost = 15 €/m2
• Energy = 0,08 €/kWh• Chemical cost = 0,002 €/ (mg/L)

ScreenRO

Investeringsfactor
Rente installatie
Afschr.duur installatie
Afschr.duur membranen
UF kostRO kostEnergiekost
Chemiekost
Onderhoud

1,6 klein (1,6x) - groot (2x)3%
20 jaar
6 jaar60 €/m215 €/m2
0,08 €/kWh0,002 €/ mg/L
2%

Afschrijving
Capaciteit Membraan Bouwkosten Investering Installatie Membranen Energie Chemicaliën Onderhoud[m3/h][m2][€][€][€/jaar][€/jaar][€/jaar][€/jaar][€/jaar]200€ 27.000 € 43.200 € 2.904 €
€
701 €
€
540
15015000€ 2.520.000 € 4.032.000 € 271.014 € 41.534 € 19.467 € 43.800 € 50.400

ScreenROTOTAAL€€€

0,003 €0,309 €0,313 €€0,047 €0,047 €0,001 €0,022 €0,023 €SPREADSHEET COST CALCULATIONS RHDHV (1-STEP RO)€0,050 €0,050 €

0,001 €
0,058 €
0,058 €

0,005
0,487
0,491

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Business Case 1-step RO
CAPEX/OPEX UF-RO (STATE OF THE ART)CAPEX/OPEX SCREENS-RO (1-STEP RO)

UF-RO (0,61 €/M3)
Installation

Membranes

EnergyChemicals

1-STEP RO (0,49 €/M3)
Maintenance

12%
12%
6%
10%

6%

5%
10%
66%

10%

63%

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Business Case 1-step RO
CAPEX/OPEX UF-RO (STATE OF THE ART)CAPEX/OPEX SCREENS-RO (1-STEP RO)

1-step RO (0,49 €/m3)

UF-RO (0,61 €/m3)

UF : 0,38 €/m3

RO : 0,23 €/m3

Installation UF

Membranes UF

Energy UF

Chemicals UF

Maintenance UF

Installation RO

Membranes RO

Energy RO

Chemicals RO

Maintenance RO

Installation

Membranes

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Innovative RO concepts
Photo’s of the test set-up
CONSTRUCTION

IN OPERATION

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2. New system designs / hybrid processes
FOULING

CLOGGING

New Modules without Feed Spacers

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WST Yokohama 2019Conclusion / Take Home MessageUltrafiltration is a more robust pre-treatment for RO, but very expensive
Innovative spacer-free RO concepts are the key to affordable 1-step RO28

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Acknowledgements• Co-financed with TKI-funding of the Dutch
Ministry of Economic Affairs• Drinking Water company Oasen

emile.cornelissen@kwrwater.nl

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