The 11th International Symposium on Water Supply Technology
Water Supply Services and their Future – Reliable, Sustainable and Smart

Japan Water Research Center
Yokohama Waterworks Bureau

July 9 – 11, 2019
Yokohama, Japan

Smart Water System ofSeoul
How Smart is Smart?
Smart Why vs. Smart What
Young J. Choi, PhD.
General Manager, Chief R&D Offier
Bureau of R&D for Water
Seoul Water InstituteSeoul Metropolitan Government
youngjune@seoul.go.kr
membriano@gmail.com
All rights reserved. No part of this file may be reproduced in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of Young-june Choi, the author of the material.

Adjunct Professor
Dept. of Environmental Engineering
University of Seoul
membrano2015@uos.ac.kr
Twitter: @membranoContents
Water System of Seoul

Challenge and Response
Smart Water System of Seoul

All rights reserved. No part of this file may be reproduced in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of Young-june Choi, the author of the material.

The 11th International Symposium on Water Supply Technology
Water Supply Services and their Future – Reliable, Sustainable and Smart

Japan Water Research Center
Yokohama Waterworks Bureau

July 9 – 11, 2019
Yokohama, Japan

Water System
of Seoul
Young J. Choi, PhD.
General Manager, Chief R&D Offier
Bureau of R&D for Water
Seoul Water InstituteSeoul Metropolitan Government
youngjune@seoul.go.kr
membriano@gmail.com
All rights reserved. No part of this file may be reproduced in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of Young-june Choi, the author of the material.

Adjunct Professor
Dept. of Environmental Engineering
University of Seoul
membrano2015@uos.ac.kr
Twitter: @membranoAll rights reserved. No part of this file may be reproduced in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of Young-june Choi, the author of the material.

SeoulWaterworks
Authority
SWA

Organization
•
•
•
•
•
•

1 HQ (5 Bureaus)
1 Research Institute (2 Bureaus, 1 Center)
8 Local Service Offices
6 WTP’s
1 Procurement Center
1,896 staffs

Budget: 737 M USD
Drinking water production andsupplyAs of Oct. 2018

Production• Total capacity 4.8 M m3/day• Production by advanced process 3.6 M m3/day• Average production 3.2 M m3/day (Max. 3.5 M)

Supply••••Pipe network 13,587 km
Reservoirs 101 (2.4 M m3)
Booster stations 211
Water posts 2.2 M

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Drinking Water
Treatment
Processes

Ozone

Pre-chlorination
Rapid mix

Filtration Basin

Post-chlorination

Advanced WTP
Source water Gauging Coagulation
well/Flocculation(Han river)

Conventional water
treatment processes &Advanced water treatment
processes

Sedimentation
Basin

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Ozon contact GAC
Basin
Basin

Advance treatment

Clear wellSource Water
Intake Stations& WTP’s

KB WTP
1.0 M m3/day

5 SWIS and 6 WTP’s
The 3 source water intake
stations out of 5 arelocated within theboundary of Seoul.
The 3 WTP’s cover thenorthern part of Seoul
while the other 3 for thesouthern part.

GY WTP
0.25 M m3/day

AS WTP
0.6 M m3/day

TD WTP
0.5 M m3/day

All rights reserved. No part of this file may be reproduced in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of Young-june Choi, the author of the material.

AS WTP
1.5 M m3/day

KA WTP
0.4 M m3/day

Kwang Am WTP
0.4 M m3/day

Young Deung Po WTP
0.6 M m3/day

Drinking Water
Treatment Plants
Tuck Do WTP
0.75 M m3/day

6 WTP’sKang Book WTP
1.0 M m3/day

There are 6 WTP’s in Seoul.
The 3 WTP’s cover thenorthern part of Seoul
while the other 3 for thesouthern part.

Gui Yi WTP
0.5 M m3/day
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Am Sa WTP
1.6 M m3/day

Revenue Water Ratio (RWR)

Revenue Water
Ratio (RWR)• The ratio of the volume of water paid by the customers
to the volume of water supplied to the customers[Unit: M m3]

Supplied
Supplied

Paid
Tariff

RWR 95.6% (as of 2018)

RWR

95.6%

The RWR is the opposite
concept of the NRW. RWR
is widely used in Korea andJapan rather than NRW.

2018

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Bureau of
Water Cycle
and Safety
BWCS
Wastewater treatment plants
Sewer system
Urban drainage system
Stream management

Organization••••

1 HQ (4 Bureaus)
1 Research Bureau
4 WWTP’s
646 Staffs(The local sewers are managed by the local autonomous
government)

Budget: 1.1 B USD

Treatment Capacity• Total treatment capacity 5.0 M m3/day• Average treatment 4.3 M m3/day

Sewer system• 10,616 km

Urban drainage system• 16 Drainage Areas with 239 Unit Drainage Areas
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Wastewater
Treatment Plants

NJ WWTP0.86 M m3/day

4 WWTP’s
There are 4 WWTP’s inSeoul, which has 12 M
population including thecommuters and tourists.
Each WWTP is huge.

SN WWTP
1.63 M m3/day

JR WWTP
1.59 M m3/day

TC WWTP0.90 M m3/day

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Wastewater
Treatment
Processes
Advanced WTP
Activated Sludge
A2O
MLE
BNR
Biomembrane[Activated sludge]

WWTP[M m3/day]

Treatment
Capacity

Joong Rang
Nan JiTan Chun
Seo Nam
Total

1.59
0.86
0.90
1.63
4.98
100%

Treatment Process
A2O
0.46

0.46
9%

MLE

4-S BNR

0.88
0.86
0.90
1.27
3.91
79%

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0.36
0.36
7%

Biomembrane
filtration
0.25

0.25
5%

Wastewater
Treatment
Processes

[A2O]
[MLE]

Advanced WTP[4-Stage BNR]
Activated Sludge
A2O
MLE
BNR
Biomembrane[Biomembrane]
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Joong Rang WWTP
1.60 M m3/day

Nan Ji WWTP
0.86 M m3/day

Wastewater
Treatment Plants
4 WWTP’s
There are 4 WWTP’s inSeoul, which has 12 M
population including thecommuters and tourists.
Each WWTP is huge.

Tan Chun WWTP
0.90 M m3/day
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Seo Nam WWTP
1.63 M m3/day

12.0

Water Quality of
the Han river

The river water quality wasmonitored at the mouth of
the Han river.
The water quality seemed
to be closely related withthe capacity of
wastewater treatment
plants.

10.4

10.0

8.3

8.0

BOD [mg/L]

BOD of the Han river

JR WWTP I, II
completed andstarted operating

6.0

JR III, TC I, SN I, NJ
completed andstarted operating

8.2

JR II, II expanded, TC
II, NJ II completed
and started operating

5.9

5.5

4.0

3.9
3.0 3.2

2.0

3.1
2.5

JR, TC expanded, SN II
and NJ III completed andoperating

0.0
1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

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2005

2010

2015

Population of Seoul
Population increased by 4.1 times
compared to 1960 (2.44 mil.)1960s

Houses in Seoul
About 0.44 mil.→
3.78 mil. households

1970sLand of Seoul
30% of city area
re-developed

Lives of Seoul Citizens
Rapid increase in number of households
due to nuclearization of families

1980s

Present

Urbanization
Evaporation↓(25%)

Evaporation

As the impervious surface
in Seoul has increased
from 7.8% in 1962 to 48.9%
in 2015, the runoff ofstormwater increased
from 11% to 52%, which also
increased the risk of urban
flash flood.

Infiltration(46%)

Urbanization
Outflow (11%)

Infiltration↓(23%)

Percentage [%]Impervious surface(43%)

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Outflow↑(52%)

Impervious surface
Direct runoffSewer System
Combined & Separated
The 83% of the sewer
system of Seoul is the
combined sewer.

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Seoul Water
Institute
SWI
Analytical Lab
R&D
Planning & Strategies

Organization• 2 Bureaus and 1 Center• 11 Departments• 91 Researchers and Staffs

Budget: 5.9 M USD (excluding salaries of the staffs)
Certified Lab• 6 national and international certifications including‘drinking water quality analytical lab’

Project• 76 Research projects• 20 Monitoring and investigation projects

Plant & Instrument• 8 pilot plants• 711 analyzing instruments
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North Han
River

Water Quality
Monitoring
171 WQ Items

So YangRiver

Hong ChunRiver
The Han River

Sum River

The institute monitors 171
water quality items fordrinking water and 148
items for the source water

JS
Underwater
Dam

Kyung An
StreamSource water 10
SWIS 5

Branches 10
N/S Han river 4
WTP 6

Dal Stream

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South Han
River

600

Clean & Safe
Water

326

500
400

326 WQ Items

National Std
Seoul
CEC's

300
The number of water quality
items to be monitored:
National standard 60
Seoul’s guideline 171
Total WQ items including
CEC’s 326

200

171

100
60

0

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019
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The 11th International Symposium on Water Supply Technology
Water Supply Services and their Future – Reliable, Sustainable and Smart

Japan Water Research Center
Yokohama Waterworks Bureau

July 9 – 11, 2019
Yokohama, Japan

Challenges
Young J. Choi, PhD.
General Manager, Chief R&D Offier
Bureau of R&D for Water
Seoul Water InstituteSeoul Metropolitan Government
youngjune@seoul.go.kr
membriano@gmail.com
All rights reserved. No part of this file may be reproduced in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of Young-june Choi, the author of the material.

Adjunct Professor
Dept. of Environmental Engineering
University of Seoul
membrano2015@uos.ac.kr
Twitter: @membranoAll rights reserved. No part of this file may be reproduced in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of Young-june Choi, the author of the material.

Challenge &Response
Arnold J. Toynbee
Civilizations arose in response
to some set of challenges ofextreme difficulty, when
"creative minorities" devised
solutions that reoriented their
entire society.

Climate Change
CEC’sAging Infrastructure
Water-Energy-Food NEXUS
Knowledge Sharing and Cooperation

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All rights reserved. No part of this file may be reproduced in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of Young-june Choi, the author of the material.

[Unit: mm]

Blue green algae (Cynobacteria) [cells/mL]

89

Alert (103~) → Warning (104~) → HAB (106~)

Days of warning [days]:
11 (2008) → 15 (2012) → 25 (2014) → 89 (2015)

15

11
2006

Climate Change
Adaptation/Mitigation
Flood
Drought
Water quality change

2008

2010

2012

25

2014

Flood
• Stormwater retention basin: 17 (103,564 m3) → 26 basins• CSOs retention basin: 2 (11,000 m3) → 11 basins (361,000 m3)

Drought• Alternative water sources• Water supply capacity for emergency

Water Quality Changes• Algal bloom• Taste/odor causing compounds (2-MIB and Geosmin) control
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2016All rights reserved. No part of this file may be reproduced in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of Young-june Choi, the author of the material.

Compounds ofEmerging
Concern
CEC’s

Perfluorinated Chemicals (PFOA, PFOS)• UV AOP and NF

PFC
Microplastics
PPCP’sMicroplastics• Standard analytical methods• Treatment processes

PPCP’s• UV AOP and NF• Control PPCP’s in wastewater
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All rights reserved. No part of this file may be reproduced in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of Young-june Choi, the author of the material.

AgingInfrastructure
Renovation

WTP’s• Unit process renovation• Decentralized WTP’s using membrane filtration

Drinking Water Supply System• Index for aging water pipes replacement• Self-cleaning and draining system

WWTP’s• Unit process renovation• Decentralized WWTP’s

Sewer System• Infiltration/Inflow of sewer system• Water flow and quality monitoring
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All rights reserved. No part of this file may be reproduced in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of Young-june Choi, the author of the material.

All rights reserved. No part of this file may be reproduced in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of Young-june Choi, the author of the material.

Water-EnergyFood NEXUS
Efficiency of System
Energy & Resources
Efficiency of system
Renewable energy production
Urban food supply system• Water pump efficiency improvement• Air diffuser management guideline

Renewable Energy Production• Wastewater sludge reduction and reuse• Biogas production, solar power generation, smallhydropower generation, Wastewater heat energy,
Geothermal energy

Urban Food Supply System• Urban smart farm using recycled water
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All rights reserved. No part of this file may be reproduced in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of Young-june Choi, the author of the material.

Knowledge
Sharing andCooperation

International Cooperation• Multilateral Development Banks: World Bank, ADB, AIIB
• UN, ICLEI, CityNet, WeGo

W4A, Water for All

Joint Projects

International cooperation
Joint projects
Knowledge sharing programs
Working with Start-ups

Knowledge Sharing Programs• KWR (Netherlands), UNAM (Mexico), U of Delaware (USA),
Orange County Water District (USA), Tokyo (Japan)• SMG, SWA, the central and local governments of Korea,
UOS, HRDC of Seoul, other countries and cities“Working with Startups” Program• Technical consulting• Joint feasibility study at the ‘Living Lab’ of Seoul
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The 11th International Symposium on Water Supply Technology
Water Supply Services and their Future – Reliable, Sustainable and Smart

Japan Water Research Center
Yokohama Waterworks Bureau

July 9 – 11, 2019
Yokohama, Japan

Smart Water System
of Seoul
Young J. Choi, PhD.
General Manager, Chief R&D Offier
Bureau of R&D for Water
Seoul Water InstituteSeoul Metropolitan Government
youngjune@seoul.go.kr
membriano@gmail.com
All rights reserved. No part of this file may be reproduced in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of Young-june Choi, the author of the material.

Adjunct Professor
Dept. of Environmental Engineering
University of Seoul
membrano2015@uos.ac.kr
Twitter: @membranoAll rights reserved. No part of this file may be reproduced in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of Young-june Choi, the author of the material.

Digital Twin
• Virtual WTP and drinking water supply system

R&D for Smart
Water System

Artificial Intelligence••••

The 4th IR Technologies
Digital TwinAI
Big Data
IoT
Blockchain
Drone

WTP control system
Nondestructive test of pipes with AI
Source water quality prediction system
Water flow monitoring system

Joint project with the innovative startup’s competition by Kwater andSeoul Water Institute

Big Data• Accident prediction system• Soil corrosivity map of Seoul• Urban odor mapping system

IoT• Optimized pumping system• Smart water metering system
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R&D for Smart
Water System
The 4th IR Technologies
Digital TwinAI
Big Data
IoT
Blockchain
Drone

Blockchain
NAUM (National Autonomous University of Mexico), University of Delaware• Water supply chain management• Water tariff and customer management system• Asset management system

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (Drone)• Water sampling system [Project: Innovation with startup’s]• Sewer box investigation system
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Water meters

Accident
Prediction
SystemFreezing water meter
Water pipes
The air temperature ofSeoul in winter time goes
down to -20 degrees
Celsius.

Smart Seoul
Map :Water meter freefrom freezing
Mapping system basedon Big Data

The purpose of the
mapping system is topredict accidents

http://map.seoul.go.kr/smgis/webs/main/main.doUrban Odor Mapping System

Urban Odor
Mapping System
Urban odor control
The city can decide whicharea has the priority ininvestment andmanagement for urban
odor control

Pump
Optimization
SystemPump Optimization System
based on IoT technology

Efficient pump operation
95% of the total energy for
the water system of Seoul
is for pumping

http://alsanidamsm.com/uploads/gallery/67aa5a0e38789697473627fb2766519a.jpg

IoT and Pump
Efficiency
Improvement
IoT, Big Data, AI
According to the calculation,
about 5% of the total energy forpumping system can be savedwith the IoT based optimized
pumping system

Pump Optimization System
based on IoT technology
Test bed for the
Pumping System

IoT and Pump
Efficiency
Improvement

Temperature and Pressure Sensors
Pressure Sensor

Sensor network
Temperature
PressureVibration

Heat Sensor

HMI

DCU

IoT and Pump
Efficiency
Improvement
Sensor network
Temperature
PressureVibration

Motion (Vibration) Sensor

IoT and Pump
Efficiency
Improvement
Analytic System
Water level at reservoir
Combination of pumps

Pumps in Operation

Real-time Data Monitoring

Pump and Sensor Monitoring

Statistics and Analytics

Integrated Smart Metering System
Office ofWaterworks

Power
meter

Gas meter

Backbone
Communicati
on Network

Internet

Metereddata

Seoul City Gas

PLC Modem
Data
Collecting
Unit

Water
meter

Low power wirelesscommunication

Hybrid Fiber
Coexial

IRMR System Server

Power Linecommunication

IoT based Smart Metering System

LPWA: Low Power Wide Area
Lora

Terminal

Terminal

NBIoT

LPWA
Cellphone
Tower

Wideband Communication
Network

The National R&D Project

The Model Project

Dec. 2017~ Feb. 2019
120 Water posts
A mid-size block

Jan. 2018~Dec. 2018
1,900 Water posts (15~150 mm)
Metering and communication
performance
Water consumption patternServer

WQ Monitoringwith UAV
Sampling & Monitoring WQ Monitoring using Drons
UAV (Draon)
Analytic Disk Technology
AI based WQ prediction system

 WQ monitoring where access is dangerous
 Algae monitoring Accident monitoring WQ Prediction System
 Ultra High Frequency Wave
 Systematic analysis on WQ Big Data andenvironmental information
 Prediction and correspondence on/to WQ
changeVirtual Water
SystemDigital Twin technology

https://www.ibm.com/blogs/internet-of-things/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Facebook_digital_twin.jpg

Virtual Water
SystemDigital Twin technology

https://www.techiexpert.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/How-is-%E2%80%9Cdigital-twinning%E2%80%9D-helping-big-data-IoT.jpg

Virtual Water
SystemDigital Twin technology
3-D Digitizing
Process modelingSensors connecting w/ IoT
Big data analytics w/ AI

Conclusion

Smart Why
• Aging society, Aging infrastructure• Efficient system, Improvement of serviceability• Climate change, Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

Why Smart?
‘Smart’ is not ICT.
ICT is just a tool for the‘Smart’ system,

Smart How
• Civil demand• Finance restriction

Smart What
• Protocol and regulation• Culture

What
How

ICT is just a tool for the smart system

Participatory Capacity• Civil governance• Public-private partnership• International cooperation
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Why

Simon Sinek

Young J. Choi, PhD.
General Manager, Chief R&D Offier
Bureau of R&D for Water
Seoul Water InstituteSeoul Metropolitan Government
youngjune@seoul.go.kr
membriano@gmail.com

Adjunct Professor
Dept. of Environmental Engineering
University of Seoul
membrano2015@uos.ac.kr
Twitter: @membrano
facebook.com/youngjune.choi.16

All rights reserved. No part of this file may be reproduced in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of Young-june Choi, the author of the material.