AGREEMENTON CIVIL AVIATION SAFETY
BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN UNION
AND JAPAN

The EUROPEAN UNION and JAPAN (hereinafter referred to as "the Parties"),
RECOGNISING the continuous trend toward multinational design, production and distribution ofcivil aeronautical products;
DESIRING to promote civil aviation safety and environmental compatibility and to facilitate thefree flow of civil aeronautical products;
DESIRING to enhance cooperation and increase efficiency in matters related to civil aviation
safety;CONSIDERING that their cooperation can positively contribute to encouraging greaterinternational harmonisation of standards and processes related to civil aviation safety andenvironmental compatibility;
CONSIDERING the possible reduction of the economic burden imposed on the aviation industry by
removing duplication in technical inspections, evaluations, and testing;
RECOGNISING that any reciprocal acceptance of findings of compliance and certificates must be
based on the mutual confidence of the Parties that their regulatory systems for civil aviation safety
ensure a sufficiently equivalent level of safety;- 1 -RECOGNISING that any such reciprocal acceptance also requires continued confidence by eachParty in the reliability of the other Party's processes for findings of compliance in all areas coveredby this Agreement;
RECOGNISING the desire of the Parties for cooperation in civil aviation safety and environmental
compatibility based on continuous communication and mutual confidence;
RECOGNISING the respective commitments of the Parties under bilateral, regional and multilateralagreements dealing with civil aviation safety and environmental compatibility,
HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS:- 2 -ARTICLE 1
Objectives
The objectives of this Agreement are to:(a)enable the reciprocal acceptance, as provided in the Annexes to this Agreement, of findings ofcompliance made and certificates issued by either Party's competent authorities or approved
organisations;(b)promote cooperation toward a high level of civil aviation safety and environmental
compatibility;(c)facilitate the multinational dimension of the civil aviation industry; and(d)facilitate and promote the free flow of civil aeronautical products and services.

- 3 -ARTICLE 2
Definitions
For the purposes of this Agreement:(a)"approved organisation" means any legal person certified by the competent authority of either
Party to exercise privileges related to the scope of this Agreement;(b)"certificate" means any approval, licence or other document issued as a form of recognition ofcompliance that a civil aeronautical product, an organisation or a legal or natural personcomplies with the applicable requirements set out in laws and regulations of a Party;(c)"civil aeronautical product" means any civil aircraft, aircraft engine, or aircraft propeller; or
sub-assembly, appliance, part or component, installed or to be installed thereon;(d)"competent authority" means a government agency or a government entity responsible forcivil aviation safety that is designated by a Party for the purposes of this Agreement toperform the following functions:(i)to assess the compliance of civil aeronautical products, organisations, facilities,
operations and services subject to its oversight with applicable requirements set out inlaws, regulations and administrative provisions of that Party;

- 4 -

(ii)

to conduct monitoring of their continued compliance with those requirements; and(iii) to take enforcement actions to ensure their compliance with those requirements;(e)"findings of compliance" means a determination of compliance with the applicablerequirements set out in laws and regulations of a Party as the result of actions such as testing,inspections, qualifications, approvals and monitoring;(f)"monitoring" means the regular surveillance by a competent authority of a Party to determine
continuing compliance with the applicable requirements set out in laws and regulations of that
Party; and(g)"technical agent" means, for the European Union, the European Union Aviation Safety
Agency (hereinafter referred to as "EASA"), or its successor, and for Japan, the Civil Aviation
Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (hereinafter referred toas "JCAB"), or its successor. Notwithstanding that EASA and JCAB are competentauthorities within the meaning of subparagraph (d) of this Article, they are referred to in thisAgreement and its Annexes as "technical agent", where applicable.

- 5 -ARTICLE 3
Scope and implementation
1.

The scope of cooperation under this Agreement may include the following areas:(a)the airworthiness certificates and monitoring of civil aeronautical products;(b)

environmental certificates and testing of civil aeronautical products;(c)the design and production certificates and monitoring of design and production organisations;(d)the maintenance organisation certificates and monitoring of maintenance organisations;(e)personnel licensing and training;(f)flight simulator qualification evaluation;(g)operation of aircraft; and(h)other areas related to aviation safety subject to Annexes to the Convention on International
Civil Aviation, signed in Chicago on 7 December 1944.

- 6 -

2.

For the implementation of each area of cooperation set out in paragraph 1 of this Article, theParties shall develop an individual Annex describing the terms, conditions and methods forreciprocal acceptance of findings of compliance and certificates, and, if necessary, transitionalarrangements, when they agree that their respective civil aviation standards, rules, practices,
procedures and systems ensure a sufficiently equivalent level of safety to permit acceptance offindings of compliance made and certificates issued by their competent authorities or approved
organisations. Implementation procedures for an individual Annex shall be developed by thetechnical agents. Technical differences between the Parties' civil aviation standards, rules, practices,
procedures and systems shall be addressed in the Annexes and implementation procedures.

ARTICLE 4
General obligations
1.

Each Party shall accept findings of compliance made and certificates issued by the otherParty's competent authorities or approved organisations, in accordance with the terms andconditions set out in the Annexes to this Agreement.
2.

The Parties may also accept approvals, licences or other documents issued by a third country

as a form of recognition of compliance that a civil aeronautical product, an organisation, or a legal
or natural person complies with the applicable requirements set out in laws and regulations of thatthird country. The terms and conditions for such acceptance shall be specified in the appropriate
Annexes.

- 7 -

3.

Nothing in this Agreement shall entail reciprocal acceptance of the standards or technicalregulations of the Parties.
4.

Each Party shall ensure that its respective competent authorities remain capable and fulfil

their responsibilities under this Agreement.

ARTICLE 5
Preservation of regulatory authority and safeguard measures
1.

Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to limit the authority of a Party to:(a)determine, through its legislative, regulatory and administrative measures, the level ofprotection it considers appropriate for safety and the environment;(b)take all appropriate and immediate measures whenever there is a reasonable risk that a civil
aeronautical product, a service or any activity within the scope of this Agreement, may:(i)compromise safety or the environment;(ii)

not comply with the applicable legislative, regulatory, or administrative measures ofthat Party; or- 8 -(iii) otherwise fail to satisfy a requirement set out in the applicable Annex to this Agreement.
2.

Where either Party takes measures pursuant to subparagraph 1(b) of this Article, it shallinform the other Party in writing within 15 working days of taking such measures, providing
reasons for it.
3.

Measures taken under this Article shall not constitute an infringement of this Agreement.

ARTICLE 6
Communication
1.

The Parties shall designate and notify each other of a contact point for the communication

related to the implementation of this Agreement. All such communications shall be in the English
language.
2.

Upon entry into force of this Agreement, the Parties shall notify each other a list of thecompetent authorities, and thereafter, an updated list each time this becomes necessary.

- 9 -ARTICLE 7
Transparency, regulatory cooperation and mutual assistance1.

Each Party shall ensure that the other Party is kept informed of its laws and regulations related

to this Agreement and their significant changes.
2.

The Parties shall to the extent possible inform each other of their proposed significant

revisions of their relevant laws, regulations, standards, and requirements, and of their systems for
issuing certificates insofar as these revisions may have an impact on this Agreement. To the extent
possible, they shall offer each other an opportunity to comment on such revisions and give due
consideration to such comments.
3.

For the purpose of investigating and resolving safety issues, each Party's competentauthorities may allow the other Party's competent authorities to participate as observers in eachother's oversight activities as specified in the appropriate Annex.
4.

For the purpose of monitoring and inspections, each Party's competent authorities shall assist,

if necessary, the other Party's competent authorities with the objective of providing unimpeded
access to regulated entities subject to its oversight.

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5.

To ensure the continued confidence by each Party in the reliability of the other Party's

processes for findings of compliance, each technical agent may participate as an observer in theother's oversight activities, in accordance with procedures defined in the Annexes to this Agreement.

ARTICLE 8
Exchange of safety information
The Parties shall, without prejudice to the provisions of Article 10 and subject to their applicablelegislation:(a)provide each other, on request and in a timely manner, information available to their technicalagents related to accidents, serious incidents or occurrences in relation to civil aeronauticalproducts, services or activities covered by the Annexes to this Agreement; and(b)exchange other safety information as the technical agents may decide.

- 11 -ARTICLE 9
Cooperation in enforcement activities
The Parties shall, through their technical agents or competent authorities, provide when requested,subject to applicable laws and regulations, as well as the availability of required resources, mutual
cooperation and assistance in investigations or enforcement activities regarding any alleged orsuspected violation of any laws or regulations falling within the scope of this Agreement. In
addition, each Party shall notify the other Party promptly of any investigation when mutual interests
are involved.

ARTICLE 10
Confidentiality and protection of data and information
1.

Each Party shall, in accordance with its laws and regulations, maintain the confidentiality ofdata and information received from the other Party under this Agreement. Such data andinformation may only be used by the Party receiving the data and information for the purposes ofthis Agreement.

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2.

In particular, subject to their respective laws and regulations, the Parties shall neither disclose

to a third party, including the public, nor permit their competent authorities to disclose to a third
party, including the public, any data and information received from the other Party under thisAgreement that constitute trade secrets, intellectual property, confidential commercial or financial
information, proprietary data, or information that relates to an ongoing investigation. To this end,such data and information shall be considered as confidential.
3.

A Party or a competent authority of a Party may, when providing data or information to theother Party or a competent authority of the other Party, designate data or information that it
considers to be confidential and not to be subject to disclosure. In that case, the Party or its
competent authority shall clearly mark such data or information as confidential.
4.

If a Party disagrees with the designation made by the other Party or a competent authority ofthat Party in accordance with paragraph 3 of this Article, the former Party may request consultations
with the other Party pursuant to the provisions of Article 16 to address the issue.
5.

Each Party shall take all reasonable precautions necessary to protect data and information,

received under this Agreement, from unauthorised disclosure.
6.

The Party receiving data and information from the other Party under this Agreement shall notacquire any proprietary rights in such data and information by reason of its receipt from the otherParty.

- 13 -ARTICLE 11
Joint Committee of the Parties
1.

A Joint Committee shall be established, composed of representatives from each Party, as abody responsible for the effective implementation of this Agreement. It shall take decisions andmake recommendations by consensus. It shall meet at regular intervals on the request of either Party
under the co-chairmanship of the Parties.
2.

The Joint Committee may consider any matter related to the implementation of thisAgreement. In particular it shall be responsible for:(a)resolving any issue between the Parties related to the implementation of this Agreement;(b)considering ways to enhance the implementation of this Agreement and making as
appropriate recommendations to the Parties for the amendment of this Agreement pursuant to
Article 20;(c)adopting new Annexes, or amending or deleting existing Annexes, subject to paragraph 7 ofArticle 20; and(d)taking decisions, as appropriate, on working procedures on cooperation for all areas ofcooperation referred to in Article 3.

- 14 -

3.

The Joint Committee shall endeavour to develop and adopt its rules of procedure within one

year after the entry into force of this Agreement.

ARTICLE 12
Cost recovery
Each Party shall endeavour to ensure that any fees or charges imposed by a Party or its technicalagent on a legal or natural person whose activities are covered by this Agreement shall be just,reasonable and commensurate with the services provided and shall not create a barrier to trade.

ARTICLE 13
Other agreements and prior arrangements
1.

Upon entry into force, this Agreement shall supersede any bilateral aviation safety agreements

or arrangements between the Member States of the European Union and Japan with respect to any
matter covered by this Agreement that has been implemented in accordance with the provisions ofArticle 3.

- 15 -

2.

During the period of provisional application pursuant to paragraph 2 of Article 20, anybilateral aviation safety agreements or arrangements between the Member States of the European
Union and Japan shall be suspended with respect to any matter covered by this Agreement that has
been implemented in accordance with the provisions of Article 3.
3.

The technical agents shall take necessary measures to revise or terminate, as appropriate, priorarrangements between them.
4.

Subject to paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, nothing in this Agreement shall affect the rights

and obligations of the Parties under any other international agreements.

ARTICLE 14
Application
Except where otherwise specified in the Annexes to this Agreement, this Agreement shall apply, on
the one hand, to the civil aviation regulatory system of the European Union and, on the other hand,to the civil aviation regulatory system of Japan.

- 16 -ARTICLE 15
Participation of third countries
The Parties share the goal of maximising the benefits of this Agreement by possible participation of
third countries in the cooperation under this Agreement. To this end the Joint Committee,
established pursuant to Article 11, may consider, as appropriate, the conditions and procedures forsuch participation, which may include any necessary amendments to this Agreement.

ARTICLE 16
Consultations and settlement of disagreements
1.

The Parties shall make every effort to resolve any disagreement between them regarding theinterpretation or application of this Agreement by consultation between them, including through themeetings of the Joint Committee established pursuant to Article 11.
2.

The technical agents shall make every effort to resolve any disagreement between themregarding the interpretation or application of the implementation procedures referred to inparagraph 2 of Article 3 by consultation between them. In the event that any such disagreement is
not resolved by consultation between the technical agents either technical agent may refer thedisagreement to the Parties, which shall consult on the matter, including through the meetings of the
Joint Committee.

- 17 -

3.

Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, either Party may request

consultations with the other Party on any matter related to this Agreement. The Parties shall enter
into consultations at a time agreed by them within 45 days of the request. These consultations may
take place at the meetings of the Joint Committee.

ARTICLE 17
Suspension of reciprocal acceptance obligations
1.

A Party shall have the right to suspend, in whole or in part, its acceptance obligations underparagraph 1 of Article 4, when the other Party materially violates its obligations under thisAgreement.
2.

Before exercising its right to suspend its acceptance obligations, a Party shall request

consultations under Article 16 for the purpose of seeking corrective measures of the other Party.
During the consultations, the Parties shall, where appropriate, consider the effects of the suspension.
3.

Rights under this Article shall be exercised only if the other Party fails to take corrective

measures within an appropriate period of time following the consultations. If a Party exercises theright, it shall notify the other Party of its intention to suspend the acceptance obligations in writing
and detail the reasons for suspension.

- 18 -

4.

Such suspension shall take effect 30 days after the date of the notification, unless, prior to theend of this period, the Party, which initiated the suspension, notifies the other Party in writing that it
withdraws its notification.
5.

Such suspension shall not affect the validity of findings of compliance made and certificatesissued by the competent authorities or approved organisations of the other Party prior to the date thesuspension took effect. Any such suspension that has become effective may be rescinded
immediately upon an exchange of diplomatic notes to that effect by the Parties.

ARTICLE 18
Headings
The headings of the Articles of this Agreement are inserted for convenience of reference only andshall not affect the interpretation of this Agreement.

ARTICLE 19
Annexes
Annexes to this Agreement shall form an integral part of this Agreement, and all references to the"Agreement" shall include references to the Annexes except where otherwise provided.

- 19 -ARTICLE 20
Entry into force, provisional application, termination and amendment
1.

This Agreement shall enter into force on the date on which the Parties have exchanged

diplomatic notes confirming the completion of their respective internal procedures necessary forentry into force of this Agreement.
2.

Pending its entry into force, this Agreement shall be applied provisionally from its signature,in accordance with the laws and regulations of the Parties.
3.

A Party may terminate this Agreement at any time upon six months written notification to theother Party, unless the said notification has been withdrawn by mutual consent of the Parties before
the expiry of this period.
4.

Following the notification of termination of this Agreement, the Parties shall continue toperform their obligations under this Agreement, until the effective date of termination.
5.

Termination of this Agreement shall not affect the validity of any certificates issued by thecompetent authorities or the approved organisations under the terms of this Agreement.

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6.

The Parties may by written agreement amend this Agreement. Such amendment shall enter

into force on the first day of the second month following the date on which the Parties haveexchanged diplomatic notes confirming the completion of their respective internal procedures
necessary for the entry into force of the amendment.
7.

Notwithstanding paragraph 6, adoptions of new Annexes, or amendments or deletions ofexisting Annexes shall enter into force on the date of receipt by the European Union of the written
notification from the Government of Japan of the completion of its necessary internal procedures.

ARTICLE 21
Authentic texts
1.

This Agreement is drawn up in duplicate in the Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch,

English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian,
Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish and Japanese
languages, all texts being equally authentic.

- 21 -

2.

In case of any divergence of interpretation, the English text shall prevail.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, duly authorised to this effect, have signed thisAgreement.
Done at Brussels on the twenty-second day of June in the year two thousand and twenty.

For the European Union

For Japan

Irena Andrassy

兒玉和夫

Adina Vălean

- 22 -

ANNEX 1

AIRWORTHINESS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CERTIFICATIONSECTION A
GENERAL PROVISIONSARTICLE 1
Purpose and scope
1.

This Annex is developed for the implementation of cooperation in the following areas, inaccordance with paragraph 2 of Article 3 of this Agreement, describing the terms, conditions
and methods for reciprocal acceptance of findings of compliance and certificates:(a)the airworthiness certificates and monitoring of civil aeronautical products referred to in
subparagraph 1(a) of Article 3 of this Agreement;(b)environmental certificates and testing of civil aeronautical products referred to in
subparagraph 1(b) of Article 3 of this Agreement; and- 23 -

(c)the design and production certificates and monitoring of design and production
organisations referred to in subparagraph 1(c) of Article 3 of this Agreement.

2.

Notwithstanding paragraph 1, used civil aeronautical products, other than used aircraft, areexcluded from the scope of this Annex.

ARTICLE 2
Definitions
For the purposes of this Annex:(a)"authorised release certificate" means a certificate issued by a competent authority or an
approved organisation of the exporting Party as a form of recognition that a new civil
aeronautical product, other than an aircraft, conforms to a design approved by the exporting
Party and is in a condition for safe operation;(b)"certificating authority" means the technical agent of the exporting Party that issues a design
certificate for a civil aeronautical product in its capacity as an authority carrying out the Stateof Design responsibilities set out in Annex 8 to the Convention on International Civil
Aviation;- 24 -

(c)"design certificate" means a certificate issued by the technical agent or an approved
organisation of a Party as a form of recognition that the design or change to a design of a civil
aeronautical product complies with airworthiness requirements, and as applicable,
environmental protection requirements, in particular concerning noise, fuel venting or exhaustemissions set out in laws, regulations and administrative provisions of that Party;(d)"design-related operational requirements" means the operational, including environmental
protection requirements affecting the design features, design data of a civil aeronauticalproduct relating to the operation, or maintenance of the civil aeronautical product, whichmakes it eligible for a particular kind of operation;(e)"export" means the process by which a civil aeronautical product is released from theregulatory system for civil aviation safety of a Party to that of the other Party;(f)"export certificate of airworthiness" means a certificate issued by the competent authority ofthe exporting Party or, for used aircraft, by the competent authority of the State of Registryfrom which the product is exported as a form of recognition that an aircraft conforms to theapplicable airworthiness and environmental protection requirements notified by the importing
Party;(g)"exporting Party" means the Party from whose regulatory system for civil aviation safety a
civil aeronautical product is exported;- 25 -

(h)"import" means the process by which an exported civil aeronautical product from theregulatory system for civil aviation safety of a Party is introduced into that of the other Party;(i)"importing Party" means the Party into whose regulatory system for civil aviation safety a
civil aeronautical product is imported;(j)"major change" means all changes in type design other than "minor change";(k)"minor change" means a change in type design that has no appreciable effect on the mass,balance, structural strength, reliability, operational characteristics, noise, fuel venting, exhaustemission, or other characteristics affecting the airworthiness of the civil aeronautical product;(l)"operational suitability data" means the required set of data to support and allow the typespecific operational aspects of certain types of aircraft that are regulated under the regulatory
system for civil aviation safety of the European Union. It must be designed by the typecertificate applicant or holder for the aircraft and be part of the type certificate. Under the
regulatory system for civil aviation safety of the European Union, an initial application for a
type certificate or restricted type certificate shall include, or be subsequently supplemented by,
the application for approval of operational suitability data, as applicable to the aircraft type;- 26 -

(m) "production approval" means a certificate issued by the competent authority of a Party to a
manufacturer which produces civil aeronautical products, as a form of recognition that the
manufacturer complies with applicable requirements set out in laws, regulations andadministrative provisions of that Party for the production of the particular civil aeronauticalproducts;(n)"stand-alone production approval" means a production approval issued to a manufacturer of acivil aeronautical product which is not an extension of the production approval to any
affiliated entity of the manufacturer;(o)"technical implementation procedures" means the implementation procedures for this Annexdeveloped by the technical agents in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 3 of thisAgreement; and(p)"validating authority" means the technical agent of the importing Party that automatically
accepts or validates, as specified in this Annex, a design certificate issued by the certificating
authority or an approved organisation.

- 27 -

SECTION B
CERTIFICATION OVERSIGHT BOARD

ARTICLE 3
Establishment and composition
1.

The Certification Oversight Board, accountable to the Joint Committee established under
Article 11 of this Agreement, is hereby established under the co-chairmanship of the technicalagents, as a technical coordination body responsible for the effective implementation of thisAnnex. It shall be composed of representatives from the technical agent of each Party andmay invite additional participants to facilitate the fulfilment of its mandate.

2.

The Certification Oversight Board shall meet at regular intervals upon the request of either
technical agent, and take decisions and make recommendations by consensus. It shall develop
and adopt its rules of procedure.

- 28 -ARTICLE 4
MandateThe mandate of the Certification Oversight Board shall include in particular:(a)developing, adopting, and revising the technical implementation procedures referred to in
Article 6 of this Annex;(b)sharing information on major safety concerns and, where appropriate, developing action plansto address them;(c)resolving technical issues falling within the responsibilities of the competent authorities andaffecting the implementation of this Annex;(d)where appropriate, developing effective means for cooperation, technical support andexchange of information regarding safety and environmental protection requirements,
certification systems, and quality management and standardisation systems;(e)proposing amendments to this Annex to the Joint Committee;- 29 -

(f)in accordance with the provisions of Article 29 of this Annex, defining procedures to ensure
the continued confidence of each Party in the reliability of the other Party's processes forfindings of compliance;(g)analysing and taking action regarding the implementation of the procedures referred to in
subparagraph (f); and(h)reporting unresolved issues to the Joint Committee and ensuring the implementation ofdecisions taken by the Joint Committee regarding this Annex.

SECTION C
IMPLEMENTATIONARTICLE 5
Competent authorities for design certification, production certification and export certificates
1.

Competent authorities for design certification are:(a)for the European Union: the European Union Aviation Safety Agency; and- 30 -

(b)for Japan: the Civil Aviation Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport
and Tourism of Japan.

2.

Competent authorities for production certification and export certificates are:(a)for the European Union: the European Union Aviation Safety Agency and thecompetent authorities of the Member States of the European Union. As regards anexport certificate for used aircraft, it is the competent authority of the State of Registry
for the aircraft from which the aircraft is exported; and(b)

for Japan: the Civil Aviation Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport
and Tourism of Japan.

ARTICLE 6
Technical implementation procedures
1.

The technical implementation procedures shall be developed by the technical agents throughthe Certification Oversight Board in order to provide specific procedures to facilitate theimplementation of this Annex, by defining the procedures for communication activities
between the competent authorities of the Parties.

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2.

The technical implementation procedures shall also address the differences between theParties' civil aviation standards, rules, practices, procedures and systems related to theimplementation of this Annex, as provided in paragraph 2 of Article 3 of this Agreement.

ARTICLE 7
Exchange and protection of confidential and proprietary data and information
1.

Data and information exchanged in the implementation of this Annex shall be subject to theprovisions of Article 10 of this Agreement.

2.

Data and information exchanged during the validation process shall be limited in nature andcontent to what is necessary for the purpose of compliance demonstration with applicabletechnical requirements, as detailed in the technical implementation procedures.

3.

Any disagreement with regard to a data and information exchange between the competentauthorities of the Parties shall be handled as detailed in the technical implementation
procedures. Each Party shall retain the right to refer the disagreement to the Certification
Oversight Board for resolution.

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SECTION DDESIGN CERTIFICATIONARTICLE 8
General principles
1.

This Section addresses all design certificates and changes thereof within the scope of thisAnnex, in particular:(a)type certificates;(b)

type approvals and specification approvals;(c)supplemental type certificates;(d)repair design approvals;(e)technical standard order approvals; and(f)restricted type certificates. Restricted type certificates are issued by the technical agentsand will be addressed on a case-by-case basis by the technical agents as detailed in thetechnical implementation procedures.

- 33 -

2.

The validating authority shall either validate, having regard to the level of involvement
referred to in Article 12 of this Annex, or automatically accept a design certificate or a changethat has been, or is in the process of being, issued or approved by the certificating authority, in
accordance with the terms and conditions set out in this Annex and as detailed in the technicalimplementation procedures, including its modalities of automatic acceptance and validation ofcertificates.

3.

For the implementation of this Annex, each Party shall ensure that in its regulatory system forcivil aviation safety, the demonstration of capability of any design organisation to assume its
responsibilities is sufficiently controlled through a system of certification for designorganisations.

ARTICLE 9
Validation process1.

An application for the validation of a design certificate of a civil aeronautical product shall bemade to the validating authority through the certificating authority as detailed in the technicalimplementation procedures.

2.

The certificating authority shall ensure that the validating authority receives all the relevant
data and information necessary for the validation of the design certificate, as detailed in thetechnical implementation procedures.

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3.

Upon receiving the application for the validation of the design certificate, the validating
authority shall determine the certification basis for the validation in accordance with Article
11 of this Annex, as well as the level of involvement of the validating authority in thevalidation process in accordance with Article 12 of this Annex.

4.

The validating authority shall, as detailed in the technical implementation procedures, base its
validation to the maximum extent practicable on the technical evaluations, tests, inspections,and findings of compliance made by the certificating authority.

5.

The validating authority shall, after examining relevant data and information provided by thecertificating authority, issue its design certificate for the validated civil aeronautical product(hereinafter referred to as "validated design certificate") when:(a)

it is confirmed that the certificating authority has issued its own design certificate forthe civil aeronautical product;(b)

it has been declared by the certificating authority that the civil aeronautical productcomplies with the certification basis referred to in Article 11 of this Annex;(c)

all issues raised during the validation process conducted by the validating authority
have been resolved; and(d)additional administrative requirements, as detailed in the technical implementation
procedures, have been met by the applicant.

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6.

Each Party shall ensure that in order to obtain and maintain a validated design certificate, theapplicant holds and retains at the disposal of the certificating authority all relevant design
information, drawings and test reports, including inspection records for the certified civil
aeronautical product, in order to provide the information necessary to ensure the continued
airworthiness and compliance with applicable environmental protection requirements of thecivil aeronautical product.

ARTICLE 10
Modalities of the validation of design certificates
1.

Type certificates issued by the European Union as certificating authority shall be validated by
Japan as validating authority. Some data, as detailed in the technical implementation
procedures, shall be automatically accepted. Those data include the following documents, asapplicable:(a)engine installation manual (for engine type certificate);(b)

structural repair manual;(c)

instruction for continued airworthiness of electrical wiring interconnection systems; and(d)weight balance manual.

- 36 -

2.

Significant supplemental type certificates and approvals for significant major changes issued
by the European Union as certificating authority shall be validated by Japan as validating
authority. A streamlined validation process limited to the technical familiarisation without
involvement of the validating authority in the showing of compliance activities by theapplicant shall be used as a matter of principle, unless otherwise decided by the technicalagents on a case-by-case basis.

3.

Type certificates and type approvals for an aircraft engine and an aircraft propeller issued by
Japan as certificating authority shall be validated by the European Union as validating
authority.

4.

Type approvals for a civil aeronautical product other than an aircraft engine or an aircraft
propeller, supplemental type certificate, and approvals for major changes, major repairs andspecification issued by Japan as certificating authority shall be validated by the European
Union as validating authority. A streamlined validation process limited to the technicalfamiliarisation without involvement of the validating authority in the showing of complianceactivities by the applicant may be used when decided by the technical agents on a case-bycase basis.

- 37 -ARTICLE 11
Certification basis for the validation
1.

For the purpose of validating a design certificate of a civil aeronautical product, the validating
authority shall refer to the following requirements set out in laws, regulations andadministrative provisions of its Party in determining the certification basis:(a)the airworthiness requirements for a similar civil aeronautical product that were in effecton the effective application date established by the certificating authority, andcomplemented when applicable by additional technical conditions as detailed in thetechnical implementation procedures; and(b)the environmental protection requirements for the civil aeronautical product that were ineffect on the date of the application for the validation to the validating authority.

2.

The validating authority shall specify, when applicable, any:(a)exemption to the applicable requirements;(b)deviation from the applicable requirements; or(c)compensating factors that provide an equivalent level of safety when applicablerequirements are not complied with.

- 38 -

3.

In addition to the requirements specified in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, the validating
authority shall specify any special condition to be applied if the related airworthiness codes,
laws, regulations and administrative provisions do not contain adequate or appropriate safety
requirements for the civil aeronautical product, because:(a)the civil aeronautical product has novel or unusual design features relative to the design
practices on which the applicable airworthiness codes, laws, regulations andadministrative provisions are based;(b)

the intended use of the civil aeronautical product is unconventional; or(c)experience obtained from other similar civil aeronautical products in service or civil
aeronautical products having similar design features, has shown that unsafe conditions
may develop.

4.

When specifying exemptions, deviations, compensating factors or special conditions, thevalidating authority shall give due consideration to those applied by the certificating authority
and they shall not be more demanding for the civil aeronautical products to be validated thanthey would be for its own similar products. The validating authority shall notify thecertificating authority of any such exemptions, deviations, compensating factors or special
conditions.

- 39 -ARTICLE 12
Level of involvement of the validating authority
1.

The level of involvement of the validating authority of a Party during the validation process
referred to in Article 9 of this Annex and as detailed in the technical implementation
procedures, shall be mainly determined by:(a)the experience and records of the competent authority of the other Party as certificating
authority;(b)the experience already gained by this validating authority during previous validation
exercises with the competent authority of the other Party;(c)the nature of the design to be validated;(d)the performance and experience of the applicant with the validating authority; and(e)the outcome of qualification requirements assessments referred to in Articles 28 and 29of this Annex.

- 40 -

2.

The validating authority shall exercise special procedures and scrutiny, in particular regarding
the certificating authority's processes and methods, during the first validation of a given
product category, as detailed in the technical implementation procedures.

3.

The effective implementation of the principles specified in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article
shall be regularly measured, monitored and reviewed by the Certification Oversight Board,using metrics as detailed in the technical implementation procedures.

ARTICLE 13
Automatic acceptance process1.

For a design certificate subject to automatic acceptance, the validating authority shall accept
the design certificate issued by the certificating authority without any validation activities. In
this case, the design certificate shall be recognised by the validating authority as equivalent toa certificate issued in accordance with laws, regulations and administrative provisions of its
Party and the validating authority shall not issue its corresponding certificate.

2.

Non-significant supplemental type certificates, non-significant major changes or nonsignificant major repairs and technical standard order approvals issued by the technical agentof the European Union as certificating authority shall be automatically accepted by thetechnical agent of Japan as validating authority.

- 41 -

3.

Minor changes and minor repairs approved by the technical agent of the European Union as
certificating authority or by an approved organisation under European Union law shall be
automatically accepted by the technical agent of Japan as validating authority.

4.

Minor changes and minor repairs approved by the technical agent of Japan as certificating
authority or by an approved organisation under laws and regulations of Japan shall be
automatically accepted by the technical agent of the European Union as validating authority.

ARTICLE 14
Implementation provision for Articles 10 and 13
1.

The minor change or major change classifications shall be made by the certificating authority
in accordance with the definitions set out in this Annex and interpreted in accordance with theapplicable rules and procedures of the certificating authority.

2.

For classifying a supplemental type certificate or major change as significant or
non-significant, the certificating authority shall consider the change in the context of all
previous relevant design changes and all related revisions to the applicable certification
specifications incorporated in the type certificate for the civil aeronautical product. Changes
that meet either of the following criteria are automatically considered as significant:(a)the general configuration or the principles of construction are not retained; or- 42 -

(b)the assumptions used for certification of the civil aeronautical product to be changed do
not remain valid.

ARTICLE 15
Transfer of a design certificate
In the event that a design certificate holder transfers its design certificate to another entity, thecertificating authority responsible for the design certificate shall promptly notify the validating
authority of the transfer and apply the procedure related to the transfer of design certificates asdetailed in the technical implementation procedures.

ARTICLE 16
Design-related operational requirements
1.

The technical agents shall ensure that, where necessary, data and information related todesign-related operational requirements shall be exchanged during the validation process.

2.

Subject to decision between the technical agents for some design-related operational
requirements, the validating authority may accept the compliance statement of thecertificating authority through the validation process.

- 43 -ARTICLE 17
Operational documents and data related to the type1.

Some type-specific sets of operational documents and data, including operational suitability
data in the European Union system and the equivalent data in the Japanese system, provided
by the type certificate holder, shall be approved or accepted by the certificating authority and,
where necessary, be exchanged during the validation process.

2.

Operational documents and data referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article may be either
automatically accepted or validated by the validating authority as detailed in the technicalimplementation procedures.

ARTICLE 18
Concurrent validation
When decided by the applicant and the technical agents, a concurrent validation process may be
used, where appropriate and as detailed in the technical implementation procedures.

- 44 -ARTICLE 19
Continuing airworthiness
1.

The technical agents shall take action to address unsafe conditions in civil aeronauticalproducts for which they are the certificating authority.

2.

Upon request, a competent authority of a Party shall, in respect of civil aeronautical products
designed or manufactured under its regulatory system, assist the competent authority of theother Party in determining any action considered to be necessary for the continued
airworthiness of the civil aeronautical products.

3.

When in-service difficulties or other potential safety issues affecting a civil aeronauticalproduct within the scope of this Annex lead to an investigation conducted by the technicalagent of a Party that is the certificating authority for the civil aeronautical product, thetechnical agent of the other Party shall, upon request, support that investigation, including by
providing relevant information reported by relevant entities on failures, malfunctions, defects
or other occurrences affecting that civil aeronautical product.

4.

The reporting obligations of the design certificate holders to the certificating authority and theinformation exchange mechanism established by this Annex shall be considered to fulfil theobligation of each design certificate holder to report failures, malfunctions, defects or otheroccurrences affecting that civil aeronautical product to the validating authority.

- 45 -

5.

Actions to address unsafe conditions and exchange of safety information referred to inparagraphs 1 to 4 of this Article shall be detailed in the technical implementation procedures.

6.

The technical agent of a Party shall keep the technical agent of the other Party informed of allits mandatory continuing airworthiness information in relation to civil aeronautical products
designed or manufactured under its oversight system, and which are within the scope of thisAnnex.

7.

Any changes to the airworthiness status of a certificate issued by a Party's technical agent
shall be communicated timely to the other Party's technical agent.

SECTION E
PRODUCTION CERTIFICATIONARTICLE 20
Recognition of production certification and production oversight system
1.

The importing Party shall recognise the production certification and production oversightsystem of the exporting Party, since the system is considered sufficiently equivalent to thesystem of the importing Party within the scope of this Annex, subject to the provisions ofparagraph 2 of Article 26 of this Annex.

- 46 -

2.

The provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article shall also apply:(a)to the production of a civil aeronautical product for which the State of Design
responsibilities are exercised by a country other than the exporting Party of the civil
aeronautical product, provided that the competent authority of the exporting Party has
established and implemented the necessary procedures with the relevant authority of theState of Design to control the interface between the design certificate holder and the
production approval holder for that civil aeronautical product;(b)to the production of a civil aeronautical product other than a civil aircraft, an aircraft
engine or an aircraft propeller produced by a stand-alone production approval holder ofthe exporting Party, located outside of the territories of the Parties; and(c)to the production of an aircraft engine and an aircraft propeller produced by astand-alone production approval holder of the exporting Party located outside of theterritories of the Parties, subject to a review by the technical agents on a case-by-casebasis.

- 47 -ARTICLE 21
Extension of production approval and stand-alone production approval1.

A production approval issued by the competent authority of the exporting Party to a
manufacturer primarily located in the territory of the exporting Party and recognised under theprovisions of paragraph 1 of Article 20 of this Annex may be extended to include
manufacturing sites and facilities of the manufacturer located in the territory of the importing
Party or in the territory of a third country, irrespective of the legal status of thesemanufacturing sites and facilities, and irrespective of the type of civil aeronautical productmanufactured in these sites and facilities. In this case, the competent authority of theexporting Party shall remain responsible for the oversight of these manufacturing sites andfacilities and the competent authority of the importing Party shall not issue its own production
approval to those manufacturing sites and facilities for the same civil aeronautical product.

2.

The stand-alone production approvals issued by the competent authority of a Party to a
manufacturer located in the territory of the other Party, still in force at the time of signature ofthis Agreement, shall be reviewed on a case-by-case basis by the technical agents. In
consultation with the stand-alone production approval holders, some of such stand-alone
production approvals may be terminated within a reasonable time frame.

- 48 -ARTICLE 22
The interface between the production approval holder and the design certificate holder
1.

In cases where the production approval holder for a civil aeronautical product is regulated by
the competent authority of a Party, and the design certificate holder for the same civil
aeronautical product is regulated by the competent authority of the other Party, the competentauthorities of the Parties shall establish procedures to define the responsibilities of each Party
to control the interface between the production approval holder and the design certificate
holder.

2.

For the purpose of export of civil aeronautical products within the framework of this Annex,
when the design certificate holder and the production approval holder are not the same entity,
the competent authorities of the Parties shall ensure that the design certificate holder
establishes proper arrangements with the production approval holder to ensure the satisfactory
coordination between design and production and the proper support of the continued
airworthiness of the civil aeronautical product.

- 49 -ARTICLE 23
Avoidance of duplication of production approvals
Unless otherwise decided by the technical agents, the competent authority of the importing Party
shall not issue a production approval to a production approval holder of the exporting Party if that
production approval would cover the civil aeronautical products which are already included in the
production approval issued by the competent authority of the exporting Party.

SECTION F
EXPORT CERTIFICATES

ARTICLE 24
Scope
This Annex addresses the following export certificates within the scope of this Annex as detailed in
the technical implementation procedures:(a)export certificate of airworthiness for new and used aircraft; and(b)authorised release certificate for new civil aeronautical products other than aircraft.

- 50 -ARTICLE 25
Issuance of an export certificate
1.

When issuing an export certificate of airworthiness for a new aircraft or an authorised release
certificate for a new civil aeronautical product other than an aircraft, the competent authorityof the exporting Party shall ensure that such civil aeronautical product:(a)conforms to the design automatically accepted or validated, or certified by the importing
Party in accordance with this Annex and as detailed in the technical implementation
procedures;(b)

is in a condition for safe operation;(c)meets all additional requirements notified by the importing Party; and(d)as regards civil aircraft, aircraft engines and aircraft propellers, complies with theapplicable mandatory continuing airworthiness information, including airworthinessdirectives of the importing Party, as notified by that Party.

- 51 -

2.

When issuing an export certificate of airworthiness for a used aircraft registered in theexporting Party, in addition to the requirements referred to in subparagraphs (a) to (d) inparagraph 1 of this Article, the competent authority of the exporting Party shall ensure thatsuch aircraft has been properly maintained using approved procedures and methods of theexporting Party during its service life, as evidenced by logbooks and maintenance records.

ARTICLE 26
Acceptance of an export certificate for a new civil aeronautical product1.

Subject to the provisions of Section E of this Annex and paragraph 2 of this Article, thecompetent authority of the importing Party shall accept an export certificate issued by thecompetent authority or a production approval holder as an approved organisation of theexporting Party for a new civil aeronautical product, in accordance with the terms andconditions set out in this Annex and as detailed in the technical implementation procedures.

- 52 -

2.

In case of categories of civil aeronautical products that have not been previously accepted
under the regulatory system for civil aviation safety of the importing Party, the competentauthority of the importing Party may decide, before accepting the export certificates for thosecivil aeronautical products under this Article, to conduct an assessment of the production
approval holder as detailed in the technical implementation procedures in order to confirm
that the requirements provided for in paragraph 1 of Article 25 of this Annex are effectively
met. The importing Party shall inform the exporting Party when the importing Party has theintention to conduct such an assessment. The list of production approval holders which havesuccessfully completed such assessment shall be published in the official publication of thetechnical agent of the importing Party.

ARTICLE 27
Acceptance of an export certificate of airworthiness for a used aircraft
1.

The competent authority of the importing Party shall accept an export certificate of
airworthiness issued by the competent authority of the exporting Party for a used aircraft inaccordance with the terms and conditions set out in this Annex and the technicalimplementation procedures only if the holder of the type certificate or the restricted typecertificate exists for the used aircraft to support continued airworthiness of that type of aircraft.

- 53 -

2.

For an export certificate of airworthiness for a used aircraft manufactured under the
production oversight of the exporting Party to be accepted in accordance with paragraph 1 ofthis Article, the competent authority of the exporting Party shall assist, upon request, thecompetent authority of the importing Party in obtaining data and information regarding:

3.

(a)

the configuration of the aircraft at the time of dispatch from the manufacturer; and(b)subsequent changes and repairs applied to the aircraft that it has approved.

The importing Party may request inspection and maintenance records as detailed in thetechnical implementation procedures.

4.

If, in the process of assessing the airworthiness status of a used aircraft considered for export,
the competent authority of the exporting Party is unable to satisfy all of the requirements
specified in paragraph 2 of Article 25 of this Annex and paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, it
shall:(a)notify the competent authority of the importing Party;(b)coordinate with the competent authority of the importing Party, as detailed in thetechnical implementation procedures, their acceptance or rejection of the exceptions to
the applicable requirements; and(c)keep a record of any accepted exceptions when exporting.

- 54 -

SECTION GQUALIFICATION OF COMPETENT AUTHORITIESARTICLE 28
Qualification requirements for the acceptance of findings of compliance and certificates
Each Party shall maintain a structured and effective certification and oversight system for the
implementation of this Annex, including:(a)a legal and regulatory framework, ensuring in particular regulatory powers over entities
regulated under the regulatory system for civil aviation safety of the Party;(b)an organisational structure, including a clear description of responsibilities;(c)sufficient resources, including qualified staff with sufficient knowledge, experience andtraining;(d)adequate processes documented in policies and procedures;(e)documentation and records; and- 55 -

(f)an established inspection programme ensuring uniform level of implementation of the legal
and regulatory framework among the various components of the oversight system.

ARTICLE 29
Continued qualifications of the competent authorities
1.

In order to maintain mutual confidence in each other's regulatory systems concerning theimplementation of this Annex so that they ensure a sufficiently equivalent level of safety, thetechnical agent of each Party shall regularly assess the other Party's competent authorities'
compliance with the qualification requirements referred to in Article 28 of this Annex. The
modalities of such continued mutual assessments shall be detailed in the technicalimplementation procedures.

2.

The competent authority of a Party shall cooperate with the competent authority of the otherParty whenever such assessments are required and ensure that regulated entities subject to its
oversight provide access to the technical agents.

- 56 -

3.

If the technical agent of either Party believes that the technical competence of a competentauthority of the other Party is no longer adequate, or that the acceptance of findings ofcompliance made or certificates issued by that competent authority should be suspended as
the other Party's system concerning the implementation of this Annex no longer ensures asufficiently equivalent level of safety to permit such acceptance, the technical agents shallconsult in order to identify remedial actions.

4.

If mutual confidence is not restored through mutually acceptable means, the technical agent ofeach Party may refer the matter referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article to the Certification
Oversight Board.

5.

If the matter is not resolved by the Certification Oversight Board, each Party may refer thematter referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article to the Joint Committee established by
Article 11 of this Agreement.

- 57 -

SECTION H
COMMUNICATIONS, CONSULTATIONS AND SUPPORTARTICLE 30
Communications
Subject to the exceptions decided by the technical agents on a case-by-case basis, allcommunications between the competent authorities of the Parties, including documentation as
detailed in the technical implementation procedures, shall be made in the English language.

ARTICLE 31
Technical consultations
1.

The technical agents shall address issues concerning the implementation of this Annex
through consultations.

2.

If a mutually acceptable solution is not reached through the consultations held in accordancewith paragraph 1 of this Article, the technical agent of each Party may refer the issue referred
to in paragraph 1 of this Article to the Certification Oversight Board.

- 58 -

3.

If the issue is not resolved by the Certification Oversight Board, each Party may refer theissue referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article to the Joint Committee established by
Article 11 of this Agreement.

ARTICLE 32
Support for certification and continued airworthiness oversight activities
Upon request, after mutual consent, and as resources permit, the competent authority of a Party may
provide technical support, data and information to the competent authority of the other Party incertification and continued airworthiness oversight activities related to design, production andenvironmental protection. The support to be provided and the process for providing such support
shall be detailed in the technical implementation procedures.

________________- 59 -