Toward the 3R-oriented society—Advantage of Source Separation and Separated Collection —Mr. Sho Okuno
Sanitation and Recycling
Business Department,
Nerima City
1

Contents
1. Overview of Nerima City
2. Significance of Source
Separation and Intermediate
Treatment
3. Gaining the Cooperationof Residents2

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1 Overview of Nerima City

The profile of Nerima City
Population 709,262 people
As of January 1, 2013
(Foreign residents make up 12,740
of the total)

NerimaCity

Number of households 344,228
As of January 1, 2013
Area 48.16 km2
Amount of waste 498 t/d
Tokyo
Bay

Features
Located in the central area ofTokyo but full of greenspace
Residential area
Population increasing slightly
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1 Overview of Nerima City

The view of Nerima City

Taken the view of the
Hikarigaoka Incineration plantfrom the city hallView from the Hikarigaoka
Incineration plant5

6

2 Significance of Source Separation and Intermediate Treatment

Why are Source Separation and Separate
Collection practiced in Tokyo?

Lack of space forfinal disposal sites
is serious problem

Reducing theamount of final
disposal is thebiggest challenge72 Significance of Source Separation and Intermediate Treatment

Waste Composition Ratio⑪large furniture /electric devices⑩
3%
incombustible(exc⑫metal

⑬rubber / leather

1%

1%

Those are collected
separately as “recyclables”

ept metal)
3%⑨grass and tree

①papers5%②plastics

26%

10%

⑧otherincombustible③glass bottle

items(e.g. diaper) ⑦kitchen waste
12%
31%

3%
④fabrics
2%⑥aluminum can

1%

⑤PET

2%

8

2 Significance of Source Separation and Intermediate Treatment

Flow of Waste Treatment (Overview)
Heat utilization(Power generation,etc.)

combustiblewaste

Ash melting
facilities

Intermediate
treatment facility(Incineration
facilities)
Burnable residue

waste

Incombustible
waste

Crushing facilities

Slag

Incineration ash

Treatment
residue

Landfill
disposalbulky waste
Recyclables(12 items)

MetalsRecycling92 Significance of Source Separation and Intermediate Treatment

How to tackle the problem against
the lack of space for landfilling(1)Source separation(for reuse and recycling)(2)Incineration treatment
is efficient• Zero landfill is available
because recyclables is notdumped• Save for natural resource ispossible because recycledmaterial replaces.

• Can reduce to 1/20 of volume• Items unsuited

Not all things canbe incinerated

to incineration• Ash can also be recycled• Can treat hygienically• Large items
10

2 Significance of Source Separation and Intermediate Treatment

Advantages of Source Separation, Separated
Collection and Intermediate treatment(t/day)
600
500

498
123

400

Amount of
資源量
recyclables

375

100
0

nearly reduced to lessthan 1/10!!

300
200

Amount of landfill is

47
47
Total amount of
1日当たりの発生量
waste per day

Amountof landfill
埋立量

Amount of
収集ごみ量
collected
waste

11

2 Significance of Source Separation and Intermediate Treatment

Source Separation of “RECYCLABLES”(In the case of Nerima city )Categories(1)

Newspapers(2)

Magazines(3)

Cardboard(4)

Cartons(5)

Plastic Packaging and Containers(6)

Bottles

(7)

Cans

(8)

PET bottles(9)

Used clothes/Old fabric(10)

Used edible oil(11)

Small household appliances(12)

Used dry-cell batteries

Recoverylocations

Amount of recyclables
2012
4,273 twaste collection
points (Approx.
30 thousand
locations)

6,216 t6,152 t67 t5,275 tCollection points(Approx. 12
thousandlocations)

5,359 t2,060 t1,987 t507 tPublic facilities

19 t
2t

Public facilities +shops&retailers

27 t 12

2 Significance of Source Separation and Intermediate Treatment

Recycling Flow of “Recyclables”(1)Waste Paper
Flow of Recycling

collection points
Cardboard

Newspapers

Put out leaflets together withnewspapers.

Please be sure to tie them up before
putting out.

Magazines

Recycling
contractors

Recycling facilities

Collection andtransport

Screening/
Compression/
Packing

Sale

Production

Cardboard (drink)

Rip open after rinsing and drying*Can put out with attached aluminum

Recycled
product

Other paper
Put small paper and empty boxes thesize of memo paper inside magazines,
etc., or in a paper bag (without plastic
coating).
*Put out window envelopes andtissue boxes after removing plastics,
etc.
*Plastics, etc are combustible waste.

Put books, pamphlets, snack boxes, gift item boxes,
wrapping paper, etc. out with them too.

13

2 Significance of Source Separation and Intermediate Treatment

Collection Points(1)Waste Paper

14

2 Significance of Source Separation and Intermediate Treatment

Collection and Transport(1)Waste Paper

15

2 Significance of Source Separation and Intermediate Treatment

Recycling(1)Waste Paper

Compression and packing

Recycling

Recycled
product

16

2 Significance of Source Separation and Intermediate Treatment

Recycling Flow of “Recyclables”(2)Plastic Packaging and Container
80% of plastics are plastic packaging and containers
Plastic packaging and container recycling routes are institutionalized by nationallaw

Flow of recycling

Intermediate
processing

waste
collection
pointsScreening/
Compression/
Packing

Bottles

Displayed aboveis the "plastic
recycle" mark

Cartons

Packages for eggs/
strawberries, curry rue
containers, containers for
miso/natto, etc.

Containers, for shampoo/
rinse/detergent/ferment
milk drink, etc.

Bags/film

snacks/rice crackers/pastrybags, shampoo refill bags,
PET bottle labels, etc.

Collection
andtransport

Trays

Cups

Trays for meat/vegetables/fish etc., fixed
dividers for rice crackers etc.,
sashimi plates, takeout sushi
plates, etc.

Containers, for cup
noodles/yogurt/pudding/jelly, etc.

Styrofoam
box/Packaging

They do not have the"plastic recycle"
mark, but can be put
out.
Protective nets for apples/ peaches,
nets for mikan/ onions, styrofoam
packing for household appliances,refrigerant styrofoam boxes, etc.

Other

PET bottle caps, instantcoffee lids, medicine (tablet)
sheets, etc.

Recycling
contractors
Consignment

Production

Recycling
Recycle17

2 Significance of Source Separation and Intermediate Treatment

Collection Points(2)Plastic Packaging and Container18

2 Significance of Source Separation and Intermediate Treatment

Collection and Transport(2)Plastic Packaging and Container

19

2 Significance of Source Separation and Intermediate Treatment

Recycling(2)Plastic Packaging and Container
Recycling

Screening/
compression/packing

Used for power
generation

Recycled
product20

2 Significance of Source Separation and Intermediate Treatment

Other Cases of Recyclable Recovery
Bottles/cans/PET bottles

RecycleUsed clothes/old fabric

Reuse

21

2 Significance of Source Separation and Intermediate Treatment

Other Cases of Recyclable Recovery
Dry-cell batteries

Small household
appliances

Waste edible oil

Steel

Metal

Bio Diesel Fuel

22

2 Significance of Source Separation and Intermediate Treatment

Source Separation of “WASTE”(In the case of Nerima city )⑩
incombustible(except
metal)
3%⑪largefurniture/electric
devices3%⑫metal1%⑬rubber/leather
1%⑨grass&tree
5%⑧other combustible
items(e.g. diaper)
12%

Recyclables⑦kitchen waste
31%

Those are collected as “waste”
Composition of waste & recyclables

23

2 Significance of Source Separation and Intermediate Treatment

Type-A) Incombustible waste
Items that cannot be input to incineration plants (1)Metals*1

Aluminum foil

Glass

Pottery

Heating pads

Umbrellas

Small household applianceswith less than 30 cm square*2

Electronic thermometers
Electronic manometers

Fluorescent light bulbs*3
and light bulbs*Put in a case, or wrap in newspaper.

Cutlery*Wrap in thick paper and label it "dangerous".

*Tie up the cords.

Used-up gas lighters/spray cans/cassette cylinder

Place in a bag separate fromother Incombustible waste24

2 Significance of Source Separation and Intermediate Treatment

Type-A) Incombustible waste
Flow of Processing
Incombustible waste
processing centerTransfer station

Collection/transport

Transfer

Trans
port
Intermediate
processing(1) Crushing(2) Filter iron/aluminumwaste collection
pointsFinal disposal sites

Trans
port

Landfill
disposal

Collection/transport

Metals25

2 Significance of Source Separation and Intermediate Treatment

Type-B) Bulky waste (Large-sized waste)
Items that cannot be input to incineration plants (2)Bedclothes
Chairs/sofas

Microwaves
Box-shaped Item of furniture (chest, etc.)26

2 Significance of Source Separation and Intermediate Treatment

Type-B) Bulky waste (Large-sized waste)
Flow of Process
Bulky wastetransfer station
In front ofhouse

Collection/transport

Transfer or
Screening

Transport

Bulky waste crushingprocess facilities

Final disposal sites

Crushing/
screening

Landfill
disposal

MetalsRepair and distribute reusable
furniture to residents

MetalsBedclothes

Trans
port

Combustible
items

Ash melting
facilities

Intermediate
Treatment Facility

Incinerated
ash

Incineration

Transport

Ash melt

Slag metal27

2 Significance of Source Separation and Intermediate Treatment

Type-C) Combustible waste
Waste can be input to incineration plants
Food waste

Tree granches/grass*Dry well.

*Please use tree branches that are 50 cm orless, and with a thickness of 10 cm or less.
*Remove dirt from the grass.

Plastic packaging andcontainers with stains thatcannot be removed by rinsing

Paper that cannot be put out
with used paper

Photographs, paper cups, thermal paper,
paper laundry detergent boxes, etc.

Leather gags, shoes, etc.

Plastic wrapped used inhomes, plastic bags

*For items purchased at stores, return to their"plastic packaging and container recovery".

Videotapes, CDs, DVDs, etc.

Plastic Goods

Food preservation containers, hangers, toothbrushes, sponges, toys, etc.

Rubber products

Refrigerants
Desiccants

Rubber gloves, rubber hoses, rain boots, balls,
etc.
*Cut hoses to a length of50cmor less.

Disposable diapers/sanitary
products, etc.

*Put out away removing waste.

Fireworks/matches*Make sure to put out after applying water
overnight.

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2 Significance of Source Separation and Intermediate Treatment

Type-C) Combustible waste
Flow of Processing

Intermediate
treatment facility
Waste
collection
pointsCollection/transport

Incineration

Incineration
ash

Transport

Final disposal sites
Landfill
disposal

Tran
sport

Throughincineration thedisposal amount isreduced to lessthan 1/10!!

Ash melting
facilities
Ash melt

Slag
metal

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2 Significance of Source Separation and Intermediate Treatment

Final Disposal Amount Reduction
In order to make the reduction of final disposal amounts, recycling/intermediate processing is
introduced.
The city has been changing the number of category of source separation every certain period byreflecting the available capacity and technology of recycling and disposal, and social system andregulations.

600
500
400
(t/day)Amount of

資源量
recyclables
Amount of
収集ごみ量

498

collected waste

123

300

Over a 90%

200

reduction

375

100
0

47
Total amount of waste

1日当たりの発生量
per day

Amountof landfill
埋立量30

２ 分別の意義と目的

Challenge of Nerima city today
Total composition of waste & recyclables⑪largefurniture/electr
ic devices⑩
incumbustible(

Ratio of collected waste and recyclables in real

⑫metals
1%⑬
rubber/leather

3%

Recyclables

1%

25%

except metal)3%①papars
26%⑨trees5%

Waste②plastics

75%

10%⑦kichen waste⑧other31%

combustible③glass bottle
3%

items(e.g.
diaper)12%⑥aluminum

⑤PET

can

2%

1%

Waste
56％

Recyclable

44％④fabrics
2%

There is still more potential toincrease the recycling rate by thefurther cooperation by residents
toward source separation.
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3 Gaining the Cooperation of Residents

Source separation & Separate Collection
Cooperation of resident
is strongly required
・There are 12 items.
・Designated collection
points・Once a week ~・There are different
instructions in each itemtoo.

・In front of house or special
storage・On-call・Require to put it by 8am
・Require to pay fee

Recyclables

Bulky waste

Source separation is theburden of residents

Combustible

・Designated collection points
・Twice a week
・Require to put it by 8am
・Require to use plastic bas orcontainer for discharging

Incombustible

・Designated collection points
・Twice a month・Require to put it by 8am
・Require to use plastic bas orcontainer for discharging

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3 Gaining the Cooperation of Residents

Waste flow and source separation
Heat utilization(Power generation,etc.)

combustiblewaste

Ash melting
facilities

waste disposal
plants(Incineration
facilities)
Burnable residue

Garbage

Incombustible
waste

Crushing facilities

Slag

Incinerated ash

Treatment
residue

Landfill
disposalbulky waste
Recyclables(12 items)

MetalsRecycling34

3 Gaining the Cooperation of Residents

Gaining the Cooperation of Residents
Building trust
relationship• Transparency• Disclosure of information• Passion• Continuous approach

Awarenessraising• How to separate
and discharge• Day of the week
• Location• Fee

activities
Asking tofollow rule

Sharingsignificance• Final disposal
amount reduction• Resource saving• What will therecyclables you
separated be usedfor?
35

3 Gaining the Cooperation of Residents

Nerima City's Dissemination andAwareness-raising Activities
A) Distribution materialsB) DVDs
C) Environmental education
D) Outside assemblyE) Warning sticker
F) Improvement instructions ofwaste collection pointsG) Supporting the voluntary recycling activityH) Instructions to companies
36

3 Gaining the Cooperation of ResidentsA) Distribution Materials(Distributed to All Households)

37

3 Gaining the Cooperation of ResidentsB) Awareness DVDs
(For Residents, Staff Training)38

3 Gaining the Cooperation of ResidentsC) Environmental Education— 2012 result —Elementary schools 60 schools
Nursery schools, etc. 65 schools
Total 9,891 children

Collection workers
39

3 Gaining the Cooperation of Residents

D) Outside Assembly— 2012 result —38 times in total 2,167 participantsCollection workers
40

3 Gaining the Cooperation of Residents

E) Warning Stickers
Collection staff give warnings byattaching stickers to bags that don't
follow the rules.

41

3 Gaining the Cooperation of Residents

F) Improvement Instructions ofWaste Collection Points

For waste collection points with undesirable
usage situations, improvements are made bygiving advice about countermeasures to illegal
dumping and resident instruction.

After
instruction

Beforeinstruction42

3 Gaining the Cooperation of ResidentsG) Supporting the Voluntary
Recycling Activity• Supply of goods• Supply of financial incentive
according to recovery amount43

3 Gaining the Cooperation of ResidentsF) Instructions to Companies

On-site inspections of largescale commercial buildings

Training session for businesses
on proper waste management44

3 Gaining the Cooperation of Residents
Fo r Ef fe c t u a l D i s s e m i n at i o n a n d A w a re n e s s - ra i s i n g A c t i v i t i e sA) Survey of Actual Discharge Conditions

45

3 Gaining the Cooperation of Residents
Fo r Ef fe c t u a l D i s s e m i n at i o n a n d A w a re n e s s - ra i s i n g A c t i v i t i e sB) Staff Cultivation/Raising Awareness

Daily meetings

Training

Staff recognition

Safety activities46

3 Gaining the Cooperation of Residents[Case Study]
Awareness-raising Activities—Changes the separation category of plastic—47

3 Gaining the Cooperation of Residents

The Change of category in Plastics
Incombustible
wasteFirst changes inseparation categories
in 30 years

Plastic for
Recycling

Plastics

combustible
waste

48

3 Gaining the Cooperation of Residents

Introducing process of the change
I. Start of pilot program in model areas(From October 2007 to September 2008)
 Covered 12% of all City residents (92,208 people)
 Preliminarily 22 public meetings were held

II. Awareness-raising activities in preparation
for implementation in all area in Nerima (April 2008)(1) Public Meetings(2) PR events(3) PR public newsletter and pamphlet(4) Stickers on Collection Vehicles&Public Buses(5) Cable Television Broadcast(6) Staff Training

III. Start in all of Nerima City (October 2008)
 Instruction/continuation of survey
49

3 Gaining the Cooperation of Residents

I. Start of pilot program in model areas
Period: 1 year (From October 2007 until September 2008)
Target : 12% of the City (92,208 people ,759 households)
Preliminary public meetings : 22 times(715 people participated )• Collection ofquestions fromresidents
Collected amount of plastic for recycling: 764.22 tons • Exchange of opinions,voicesPublic cooperation rate : 93.1%••

Survey the pilot result such ascollected amount of plastic forrecycling
Confirmation of easy-to-confuse
plastic items
50

3 Gaining the Cooperation of Residents
I I . A wa re n e s s - ra i s i n g a c t i v i t i e s i n p re p a ra t i o n
fo r i m p l e m e n ta t i o n i n a l l a re a i n N e r i m a(1) Public Meetings
Number of times held : 335 times
Participants : 17,972 people51

3 Gaining the Cooperation of Residents
I I . A wa re n e s s - ra i s i n g a c t i v i t i e s i n p re p a ra t i o n
fo r i m p l e m e n ta t i o n i n a l l a re a i n N e r i m a(2) PR events

Number of days implemented : 33 day
Participants : 63,193 people52

3 Gaining the Cooperation of Residents
I I . A wa re n e s s - ra i s i n g a c t i v i t i e s i n p re p a ra t i o n
fo r i m p l e m e n ta t i o n i n a l l a re a i n N e r i m a(3) PR public newsletter and pamphlet Nerima City Newsletter
520,000 copies, 2 times in a year How to separate and discharge
Distributed to all households(400,000 copies)53

3 Gaining the Cooperation of Residents
I I . A wa re n e s s - ra i s i n g a c t i v i t i e s i n p re p a ra t i o n
fo r i m p l e m e n ta t i o n i n a l l a re a i n N e r i m a(4)Stickers on Collection Vehicles&Public Buses

New separation category has justbeen practiced!

 Attachment of decals put on sanitation vehicles
and public buses

New separation category has justbeen practiced!
54

3 Gaining the Cooperation of Residents
I I . A wa re n e s s - ra i s i n g a c t i v i t i e s i n p re p a ra t i o n
fo r i m p l e m e n ta t i o n i n a l l a re a i n N e r i m a(5) Cable Television Broadcast

 Cable television broadcast
Period 3 months
55

3 Gaining the Cooperation of Residents
I I . A wa re n e s s - ra i s i n g a c t i v i t i e s i n p re p a ra t i o n
fo r i m p l e m e n ta t i o n i n a l l a re a i n N e r i m a(6)Staff Training Staff training
Participants 1,181 people56

3 Gaining the Cooperation of Residents

III. Start in all of Nerima CityS u r vey an d Aware n e s s - rai si ng A c t i v iti e s af te r I m p l e me ntation

57

3 Gaining the Cooperation of Residents

Result of Plastic Packaging and Container
Recycling
Through the process of the change with various awareness-raising activity, the residents
got more aware of waste. As a result, not only increase of recycling rate but also reductionof generation were achieved.
Amount of waste/recyclables per person per day
900
800
700

784

742

160

600

724

718

160

173

173

582

551

546

(g/day) 500

Reduction ofgeneration
volumeIncrease ofrecyclables
collection
volume

400
300

624

200

Amount of

資源量
recyclables
Amount of
収集ごみ量

100

collected waste

0

2007

2008

Pilot period

2009

2010

Implementation in all of Nerima58

3 Gaining the Cooperation of Residents

Gaining the Cooperation of Residents
Asking public cooperation on source separation
continuously, carefully and patiently.
Not only the rules, but the “why significant” ofsource separation must be disseminated to all
residents.
The imposition by government is not effective to
succeed. The opinions of residents must be listened
to carefully. Work together with residents.
Involve residents and get them excited.

The passions of staffs willdefinitely make change!!
59Thank you very much for listening.

Thank you.
60