J:ti.o ~Blit-:(~lvA'71 Ftl±IiLf-:O)t\ ~~O)f'f«/ic~&'>-C,ffi1ii-~fm
L-c1,,1tn1JU~1,1,,;t-to
1J-:l.l,§Bii''.l · F*O)f'f«iit'Til\ 2--::>0)-JJ7-::J
I (:bltt'T o --::>ifJ*cnlio .:.nGtl:~-t1.,1: l1'J
c:$'}ev'-30)i-~ t ~-it, -f"O)~Ji!-1:
fiLJITJ.,t,O)t'
To '..I· F*O):ijJg-O)ijji!i,- :1Jt'li~ffii¥J7d:tO)i-U-tU~t'3i.Jl.,:bltt'-t:1.1\f,,JllsH:~~ --::>ifJE15-}0)717'::,,T1T1
c ~:bfJil--3tO)t'3i.Jl.,o -f-0)Jmi:ni- fJ~--::>J:-37d:{iLJll:3i.JJ.,O)i,,ijiit.:
c 1,,-3.:.c1:7d:
1.,:1.,,t-~v'iT o 1Jc
lic'O)A;js'-F·:7·7":$'/: IUJL
-ct, Ji)l.,~lt§:1.,>Gfflcv'"Jl>O)il>/¥_t L-C(l.,cv•-3.t3ffi1iil'3i.lfJiLt-:
o i~I: '..I· 1-"*0)tJJiil-t*cnli
Hlk-3.:.c,--::>ifJ
11'Jc:$1l-O)~W-H&-3.::.c::J:-::,-C,
ffl0)3i.J
fJ:#lti~t~-it 1.,t.:.0il'3i.JJ.,il,U~t-30)-r·-toc.:. 0-C, -t:;;:.,3::,,10)i:p-C;M;~lvil'G U-c--::>,1ma1,,.:.·:mtiti:1.1'3i.l
fJi Lt-:o
fflAc 1,,-3{,0)i,t-f-t-f-tJ!§'©zj/j:f-\';O)j.iJr£:t'li
7d:
:1.,,
0 -3:1.,,c o t.: c T J.,c, ffl
I: llli1w-t
J.,cv,-3.::_c litllJ;tO):t';i!,¢.i:1:7d:fJ1f J.,O)t.: 0":>il'cv,-3::iJ-::,,r f.:-::,t-:il'c,\!'.',v•iTo -f-0).::.cH'Ux.t-:_tt', '..I· F*O)fflC\r'":>l>O)il'c'-3v'-::,f-:tO)t'3iJJ.,O)i,,,--::>ifJ~l''iitl=~~7d:5fflv'-tJv7-C3iJJ.,O)i,,,-f-nct,t-3:i,'

LfiiiG("Cv'"'.)7.)',.:r:1::1J71 'a:"?ilvt.:fflt'Ji)J.,O)i,)>,,f-O).:.c:1:--::>1,,-c'{-A~
1v:1.1,G::i
J-::,,r 'a:°v' t-:t.:lttLli c .\!'.',v, iT o'l'.t. I c-Ct11!~7d:.:."'t'iFo,Huffi~lvliL-C(t.:~v'iLf-:
o 7:.!7it-:liff00

1:- {t, j/j:f-\';ev'":>l>O)il':,fi:~/:3i.J-::,f_:O)i,,o -f-L-C, 7J<Ar.:r:Y::,,ev,-3t0)
1-c~1.,0)f.:0-3il'ev'-3l"J7d:Fo,v'li:1.,,1ftf-t1.,.:.c:1.1
PJ~t.:c.\!'.',v•iT o '..I· F*El~tfflAev,-3 ro,IH:--::>v•-Cli,@ifAl:~,-zn1i, fflAb•-3tO)li±
ftt'3i.lfJ, v':bli, 1'.filct!l:W-,:lfEW-Jev,-3J:-37d:Jffi:~t'R!iO)f'fo'bHJ?:x.n,J.,O)t'Til', - :n-c, '..I· F*li, WJ 1:--::>v•-CO)Jffi:~i-J!§'ifAI:
1±-ftJc L-CJ.!l!m-t1.,.:.c1:f,,J~L
n,J.,:/:Jltt'li3i.lfJi-1tlv o'..I· F*O)fflAb•-30)1i,

v L0:Jli:i$0)¾ffl~l¥Jc1,,-3:1.,,,§5}§i-/W~:li!{L,~W-i-7d:(L-CV•<J:-3

7d:,l!f~I: L-CH:nfolt'fflAb,-3 ro,~'a:"~-::,"C\r'iT o
MC I -S7d:Jj.l:ffl!jO):tJJ;iJ-,
1::.:i-"?.::.;;(Ab,-3{,0)l,;}p'/itl:11!~7d:~~'a:"~-::,-CV,J.,O)t.: c .\!'.',
v,iT o .:.nliffi!IO)Jii,,n, n,1.,i&m1¥J7d:;tk/R.c~-Cfi/;.v'-CLJ:"Jo 5(ffl,O)Y· -l::t7ti, (A) ::,1J- ;(~flj!Jf-tL-n,;t-tn',~m-ct:.\,,,ii 0)t!.-:it.:.t ic.1t

1910 iff-t*O).a;cE
ftjlllJJt \,,,"J11;Jf-t'le\"jj!;L-n,i-t o -::>ifJ,~ffii¥J· cltfiilfti¥J/:tiiO)cfflO)l'J"llev'-JO)nt- :n-z:-~fJ, Y· J-'*0)~'8-ti, i-O)~JIH·f,Q;tt;.ntG,7·0-1,1vt:.f.51W~L-n,(tv'-J= 11tt1n'ffiElv'c::..7::,t!.t.~,v'iTo*1:, 7,:ts- !-'· 7·'1'11:-:::>1,,,--c,-W.t.:..J:-Jt:..:.t Jsfill1,,,L--c
l:1-t.:.v,t.~,1,,,;t
To %1ic'iit#~lvn'G ( Pure}ev'"Jf'Fo"/,~Jl--tt-n,t.:.t!.~iLt.:.
o M-Uilitn>;i~ll!IL-Z:'Tltl.
o **O)fBtO){f~-CB'.zf;l'.',4•~1t1:~1Jt.:.(-:i--C, -t;h,~ 1/'t '7--Ctfrc t":blt-CTn', f-t£_tli~ll!I U:/;.-:,"'(\,,\"'(,

41tn'1Bl

Hlt-:i-n,~, -f O)iHi--"-1±1-n,<.J: "Jl:Jl.zl.>o -::>
i IJ- All:1¥Jt:.ffl:W.1:
1±1--c1,,,( ::,-7.:r.::,,7,1:t;.-:i--Cv,
t.:.n'c.~,v,iT o-CTn'':>,~lif)7·'1'1 t v'-Jffi;()'C"Jt±~t IMl:blJ-8'-:i-CV'(;()'Cv'"J~~-C,
0

li:~t:.1-t£ t!.-:it.:.0)-Cli/:tv';()'C.~,\,,\iTn', %tic'iit# ~lvli*ffitt O)f/&Jg;f:Jsv,--c,i-0)~:bt'HJllr.UO)i:pn,G?"':1'
1 tv '"?1-t*n'll t,_tn'-:i--C(J.>tv'"J"§v'n~~;h,"'Cv'iLt.:.o i-.:.~~~--CJl.fti¥Jl:maJJL
n,t.:.t!.lthii
I ~IJn'c"J::."~'1,,,;tt"o *®f10)tiev'"J.:.t-c$oL_l_lft.:.n'-:it.:..~

Ii, ;f;U.:.t,n,(Pure} JlJ.,~, if 4~~~1)-:::>ltGht.:.f!llO):!itf;J;:~Ji "'Cv'
l.>Cv'"J.:_C-CTo ii"t,0/vll9!:ftO)vfE;h,O)i:j:t-C,
1 ;,(-1/1,)'- j!O)j-77-{ ".f O)
i:rl:tfrt L:i6ih -n,(t,i-.:.1:~J.,f.iO)ti~tt, -::>ilJfflAn'~ffiO)r:p/:~J.,t v'-:it.:.h-l::-1//:tlJWPfRl:tfJil'Je1'-T1.,.:.t1:t:.1Ji-tn', f-to"/,0)1::,,
1~7J-~x.z --c1,,,J.>O)li,
ifii-:i--C~ 1Jt.:.<Gnt.:.*®-C~0"?tm; ti To-fO)Bl.l\fi,*®O)iJJJt~fi!iJ3!'.n'IIJ~i¥J/:t-l:1v7,
P-J{Eft U±~l¥Jl:lit~ii

h--Ciiv'/:tv',,F~%0)fflAO)ffi~~1FL-n,J.>0)-C!i/:tv'n'co.:_O)*ffift~, 7''1'113:!il'n'c'.:.
1-c~r.&1¥J1:~-:it.:.n'c v'-JO)ti:bn,t:,t;.1,,,0)-z.''Til\t&Jllll-CJ!!
UffiI:). I), ~al: ii 1L-:i--Cv't.:.,C\t'-:it.:.f!ll0)1,::,,77·7
7::,,H:ti, U-tifi!EIT""-~n'c.~,-:i"'Cv'iT o -::>ii),fiiJGn,O)i~t-'f-t
L--C*l.>~"Jffio ffi~-!,JJ
fJ~_z-::>-::>,-thl:/;.l)~J.,lv-Ct"tl. o f!_i,,t:,, 7T1 7, re\t'"J.J:%, b"?77?'-Cv'-JO)-CLJ:"Jil', U-c-::>0)7,j--1/0)L -C

1,,,fn,i,,O)ffl HiH.J%o .:."Jv'-:it.:.t.:. 01: 7·'1'10)!1'f'Etn'~J.>tm;t, --Cv'i

11a I 119Count~OBeforeYouSayAsia \ AsianArtafterPostmodernismITo :7'7°:$10)1i~O),!lj-ffi
9~, f.&li,-z-O)*ffittc JJJ~tlJ:!\l\<;t.:--n,1.,ci,,-)::ct'T oi:,J:-:,UfHfl±lTll.sl:l'jJ.,i,diLni:-tt lvltnc''I:,, ffiH:-::i1,,-c9-'Lo ffiJO)v"'}vi,){~-:,"(,

f-;/1,1:;.tL-C, t±il.'c i,)>,l:!i[ii]{;1s;i,){;.j-.:rr_-tJ.,c1,,-)J:%, tr V,

iUi-tJ.itv,-)!\\\<;'.ftil{~IJiTJ:tl o f71LHf,ffi!Ai¥JtjJlc'ltli~ffii¥Jtj{iiM:O)J@,12.t'~0-)co -::iii), ffi!,A.i,){::1h.:::-:r10)J@,12,t'~J.,c1,,-)!\j\<;'.ft
o t.:.t!.L,::n1:1i~~i,){~IJi:T o ::i~.1=--:r1i1{,4-13!'.li:itfl:I:,::i~.1.:::-:r1il,G
fPJ'1lil'~tJ~l!#s-tJ.iJ:-)l'jDl(ijl_O)j@,12,f:l'jJ.,O)t'litjil,0-)il'co -z-::i:t'i'G L-c,4-,fl,O)g:it',iifEj}J-tJ.iffil~1J<-V'L--n,;t:-to ::i~.1.:::-:r11:t~-tJ.iL,-z-0)~~cL -C, ~J.,ffi0)1 h=--:r1~M

IMt-ttl.i, :§{i.4.5t1¥Jt:ft1!'1l~tl~i!#sT7.i:tJ!I:'i:,tj-:,-CLi:-)J:-)tj,-z-O)J:-)tjfB-)1,,t::0~ ;(11, _;(1v cj)J1,,-c1,,<ffilt'To.f-lvl'jiifEj)J"tJ.,ffiJO)~~~-7·-:17,iJJJt!HtL--n,7.,0 .f-/vtjJJJfllgtt~,t.&,i

11Mf'FJtl:!\\\<;
t.:-c1,,J.,O)t'To
Mc I l!~l'j,r,,1;.,1-i1{~-::iil,"2r"in--n,t.:il'c-'~,"'iTo u-c-::i,±11ut1tl1¥Jc1,,-)::co 7·7°70){f-) J1?11'.7A0)~!¥3~t, ~,i tJilil:JtiM-f;1s;~U!~~t'litjt-)U-c-::iWfX:tJ..tift.:v'c,~, -:,-Cv't.:-:r-7 t'Til{, llc'itc 1,,-)r~9fflt'To
f:fr;fm:ev,-)O),±;l:!i[ii]-f;1;;1¥Jl'jtO)t'-til\llcfficN -:,t.::tJ!-fr,£,t;;il91:,±ffi!Ai¥Jtj{,O)i,/>G~L--n,<o f-;/1,i,){ilifl:,i;l:!i[ii]tt~w<'.J'J.,c1,,-)J:-)tj::c ·e~
0-Jil'c,i!!.v'iT o ffi!c;l:!i[ii]-f;1;;!:-::i1,,-c~
x.J.i~,{~Ucfficv,-)1$kfl.h,±, U-c-::i¥1'~
x.-CJ:31,,-c1,,">O)t'lil'jv'il' o ::n,i1/ · F*I:

1M1
L-CMJ;'iii"t:]!~tj ,r,1;.,H:l'j 0-Jil'c,~, 1,,i:T o{Pure) c 1,,-)fH/i1:-::i1,,-c,±'1:,-)U-c-::i,,!lt{;1s;i,/{;Ut;/1,'I:,
l'j<l!~l'j~*I:

l'j-:,--n,i:T o ,!lt-f;1s;ci,,-)O)li*li
Hli:,, tj J:3il,-::i-z-n.121-..t0)'1:,0)t!.c.~,1,,i
Til{, -z-0):@':113fct'.>JZ7r~/vl:ll.s~ffitJ
roMt.:v>c,~,1,,;t:-t0
J!Ul(t',i5t)Ut'

F·+-t-1-J--(g:il)il~f-t~Ur)= t-if: J ~c1,,-)~Jiil.'il{lfflil,n-c,-z-::1:t iilt~i¥Jtj,!lJ--f;1s;*mH'1!-:,t.:f'F*il{"?r"i:n-c1,,;t:Lt.:o -Wtlx.1i~~aJf'.,iii1."-to.:¥'s:;,c""t7.>J:-)tj*mt~tJi:Lt.:il\40):iJl:#~/v0):7'7°:$70)~*~1irJ~tji1{G,.>JZ7r~/vli9"000),!it-f;1;;~1f-:,t.:iilt~

t-1•1•" I ~~1= :~r-;t:r0).1:j::•O){ta"li~
Jl.tj:iJ,i:,,5J.h.!iil'Ef:5tO)~l:::tnH:J.Ulef~f.if-::i·c1,.:r..~t.::il·G-tt·c f-::icHv1:::~1J, l'lHt1:::itl!1:::A-::i-Cjjjg<•ev,.::i1{7,i--7:,,7-0)ii:'.~~.~,1t•i1iJ•,-,z-c1,,;tLt.::o 5liifO)W;{rtl:,~cffe.Hlefc1,.:r..ev•-:>O)il',1:,, ri:::sit 7.>1tftO)J:.::itj:,1t•bv9>7.>
q:,l!IO){i~ib7.> "''±,'Mtflj.\c v'-:>'!JO)A.O)ifH:!1!£19
tj:-gNJi~ Iv-z:1t,;t-lt!vo Jt1'1lfal
Vc-:>-Z:T,tnc\

i1Htfl91:::EJGO):!lJ'~~~-::i-r{trfii~9e*Lt.::q:,OOO)ft~u.::tic1t•.:0)1±, *m:1.1,J&mfl91:::tJ'.1!1.±~n-rv,-r, MG:i.1•0)%1=~-t
J:.::itj:'liO)cL-roc~ili1Jfl9
tj:{ta"li~36*T 7.i.:.c:1.,,-z:~tj H~~l:::;b7.iq:,-z:,Pft- O)~l'JJilril',El1:,0):!lJ'~i:::J:
7.,1{7:t-7:,, 7-t!.-::it.::c"'-:>J:.::itj:,11=1t1=m~fl9
tj v"sJvO):lxiR.liib7.ic.~,1t•iTo L ii· LFiilltH:::,
H~~ililJilt'f:IJ
ib7.iH±*mO)Ef El3;Jt367.iffl:#Lf19tj:itit!JcL-C,~lil'JEJGO):!lJ'~il',
ib7.iflO)~ffil:::Mi"7.>1ffiLA,
ib7.>Hit-l:t.H:::M-t
7.ifflb•-:>'!JO)~IB
L~T'!JO)c L-r, q:,001:::J:;1,,-rMJt
x.Gh-Cv•t.::O)t!.0-:>c.lR1t•iTo
Mc I ~lit7'7'7:,,:f.y;vr·-f-·H-t-JJ.i~Jl.-r,

Jvril'ib7.ib•-:>1::P~
BtlHLt.:: o 11='/tl:::::k~·01£tj::5tffi-z:'Til\
U-c-::>li,gg©((:::sit7.,7ij7:,,.:f.yJv r~'.€i:it Lt.::'.€r.~-z:'0)7ij7:,,:f .yJvr o -::>ii),Jq:t)ditlillfal
Gil•l:::-f:0):$'17"-z:'ib0-:>il·c.~,1t•iTo 'Ii-:>
U-c-::>ligg©zl:::;!31t
7.,7ij7:,,:f.y 1vrcil•M ci1•1t•-:>J;J.1llIO),v•bli:frtJJ.:l:~c L-C0)7'/'7:,,.:f·-v

Jvril'ib7.>o q:,OOO)m{-t~-Wri-77'7:,,:f-vJvrcf.oc/:::-g-::it.::cL-r, fi;J~cL-CliTilii:nib7.icv'-:>~t:Ht-::it.::blt-z:'To-f:O)q:,-z:',Jq1J<JitO)ll.
ti{JLtib•-:>O)li,~lil'J11='/tl:::
miElv'o .:.nli:5f%'~/vO)li~tjffiffit±c.~,1t•-:t-t:1.1\
111i1:::c-::i-rtiil~M:1.1•1±,
q:,i!IO)fi~~uT7.i'!JO)-z:'litj:<-C,@©(0)7ij7:,,:f-\'JV rl:::t-J-Jt,i"7.>U-c-::>0)]..,77]..,:,,7-.
1/
7-7"'1..cL-C~-1:,/±l~h-Cv•7.>Clt'?
o 2-::>0)$17-7"'1.~ffi~~-lt,ib7.>Hilitl.
frb-lt7.io ib7.ifl,77° • 7"1J.:r..-:,;3:,,(:::'1i-W.
-ci,,7.>0)-z:'litj:1t,iJ•b•-:>i::P~~~tiii":i.1 1, "Z:'li,-f:0)11,fl:::~;trtj:~Fo~c
L-C.:.1:::,b7.,0)?
JCit'-:>.:.c-z:i"o -'¥%'~/vil•G::i,;:,,
rh• t.::t!.lthli c.~,1t,iT o

120 I 121

Count10 BeforeYouSayAsia I AsianArtafterPostmodernismIn I MftL v•r",mt.:t,\!J,v•i-ti.J,, litil•I: i:pl!]A{t*O)i:p"t"'i-,ft11<Jit0)1[ -t:,
ft1fte1t•-JO),Hlc-m-,:!l'Hl"t",tt,i-9'!-v•~WH:,19so~{-t-'¥-,£1:-t"C:'1:,oo
A.:E.~~~JE-tl.>ev•-JJ:-J,j:.::_t~L-CV•i-to "'.);j;I_J,
ft*cL -CibJ.>fiO),001¥.J,j:71f;,,T1T1 h•-:,f.:lvii1i* L-C,fniil'"C:'~J.,i.J·tv•-J.::.t~f.i:,,-y;,,~g&~X-tJ.>i:p"t"~-:,n•.::.-Jt-tJ.>v,t"t"Tof-hi.fJ{ l)c \t•-J7.)',77;,,7-1:fr<.::.t1:J:-:,-C,t;!f:lfa/:1¥.JI:
i:pl!]Ab•-J-=-t
5 I~~lt-CHJ:-Jl:,j:J.> o "'.);j;I_J,§5ti.J,i:pOOA"t"ibJ.>.::.tHJ~G:IJlllt-tJ.>£,~i.J,,j: 1t•i:p
00OOP-1O)JtJ!liH:.t:;1t•-C,-f O)Jtl\ilfi;:O)
i:p"t"0),00
t 1t•-J'i-,0)~1t•-:,f.:lviW*LJ:-Jt Lt.:-f-O){i:*il', :$'!-$1:1±!1.>.::.ti:J:-:,-C,>i-,c'i-,c~ Ln•t.:~fill~, "'.);j;l_)if?J.,f.f!O);!tl\i]{tif?J.>HiF;1i~h-f.:v•,j:'i-,O)~,§'.iti¥.JI:,if?J.,

Hilil!G~l¥.Jl:5
I~~lt-CV•i.J•,j:lttt,£,j:G,j:<,j:J.>o ,f-O)f.:5/JI:,~K:£"t"ib
J.,c7.)',h!:i-Z:'ibl.>c7.)',v•b ~J.,i:pl!]O)1f~t:1c1¥.JJ
c >i-,§' btl.J.,.J:"?,j:~fi't{t*~Jitr:lj1:f~~-it-Cv•<o "'.);j;I_),

i:pl!]l¥.J,j:71f;,,T1T1~3-D-;;1{1:.t3v•-C

llf511lL·n•<ev•-J-=-t"t",i,j:<-C, 5 I~~,t~''J.>Hl,j:1t•if?J.,fi0):7') 1/,:t.
h-t.:1t•,j:'i-,O)~~1:~-JO)"t",i,j:1,,,i.J,t,\!J,-JO)"t"To ft1klit§ ~i.J,t'-J,\!J,-=>-CV•J.>il·ii:f§€1ffl1t•t.:blt"t",i,j:1t,O)"t",if?<i"t"'i-,t,lO)Wf:ffl"t"ib9"t"Ti.J,,fflcL '"C0)7,{f;,,T1T1 C\t•-JbO),;J:,~~tf:O)~O)§O)i:j=,O)~~t L-C,j:Gif?IJ1lJ.>il·bLhi-itlvil', §5J'0)1Li:,ft1fttL-C,ii'litrt,'H:,j:J.,>i-,O)c
L-CibJ.>cv•-J..Hl:,i~x.-c1,,,,j:1,,,0)f.:0-Jc,\!J,1t•i-to

MC I ,j: J.,l;lc'o ft7J<JitO)llifJJWH=*t.:J.>{to'11{ri:p00*~1lID9:Jt
r~{-t~@rili

9:J~iJ\;ii!~"C:'2
5HJHftt#Lt.:) ,:"'.)1t•-C,Ji&!iffi'~lv,i1>1'"Yl¥.J,j:je~O):t7•;; xO):,,1J 7.7-~~,j:l:i.J,Lil•.t--;;-f.i 1¥.J,j:
IB,Jl;Jt"-Uii~ ~-it-Cv•J.>J
t t1r:titi~h-CV•i"to ibJ.>H;J:1,17·1J-;; P-1¥.Jc§' x.J.>il·bLhi-itlvil',t.:cL -c>i-,::t~O)J:-J,j:{iiJil•l:,j:-:,-Cv•J.>ev•-Jt.::.01:Jt&/i~1v,i.0Cr.t~n -Cv•J.>O)"t",;t,j:1,,,i.J,t,\!J,v•i-t o .::.O).::.UilmBv•;f1;,, r "t''To 1980~f-t1:,v-;,-r1-7:'Ltv '"?"B31€"t",~tJJtH:lOiev •-:,t.:.::.t~:ftffl-tJ.>"Bm{,if?IJiLt.:o -f"?
Lf_:,J-;,f1 ;(L~ 1,17•,; 7'1-r1/:"'.)v•-C, ,b0){1J:,fi,,i&5b-C~ x.~-itJ.>!ll~H;¥-:,-Cv•J.,c,\!J-v•i-to ,/?7,(;(L/:"'.)v•-C,flll~~1v,it'-J\t•-:,f.:1;,<-;JH;¥t.:n -Cv•J.>O)i.J,,.t:;r,flL-ch-t.:v•O)"t"Til' ott• I14-i-z-Jr.s~nn,t.:ffilt:!lt,t,t,:tv,"?.:.t~~1t·c*t-=

7V-7~1'f.i'7'.l',1ffi!Jc Ltt!GnJ.iev'"?.:.tl'.1,=JF'iltl:j,n';i:1,,.:_tl'.){~lfG:t'LiT
o17,Yy:,JJ.il:L -ct,, ~~{'f,jj'g0)1r-v• -!

;f-yJvF•r-v1f-

Jl:L -ct,, f-

1J-Lmft-~nJ.i.:.cl'.l'=IF'iitl:~1,,0)-z--to -/j:O):,,3f-1JT1, 00531J-Z-nf-::i'--C-,
ffi'.0)1ffi!J l::=£J.imft-tv,"?JJJ>/:,,~J.,fI!O)l!J0),1;,<-V', i:pl!J-/;tl),f:,
F-/;tlJHittL t,

mft-~nn,< o OOtLt 1J'1'v-l::/'r~ntv'(-f-O)i:p--C-,

i:p00, 1:, F Cv'-::it.:.llifil:-Z-~1'f.i'7'.ltl!Ex.G
nt 1,,iT o 8,$:0):fJ!.fi:~Wi'J.i
11:,
1980 ff:f-\;;O){t-¥7'.l'G
90 ff:f-1;;1:
7'.l'ltt, t.: <~A,fi:bn

iLt.: o7V-7t,it.:ffil--c-f±-/;t<,~1.,fI!, ~,t,t,:0)1;,<-V---c.-~x.Gn, u~n,m1t-~n-z:-1,,<
o f-O)i:p--C-1Cicies
on che MoveJfi, r.l't"'.JO)=JF'iitl:~LHF;t.:-::it.:c,'61,v'iTo -f-ni-Z-7.x.1~*'/ ·J\/')v')7'.)>i:pl!J0)7-T1· ~".7.x.1

7- r~mft--tJ.iV-c"'.JO)l!l,f,t,:1:-/;t-::itv'iLt.:7'.l',.:..:.--c-*r;· /\/'Jv')fi 17V'7 J
Cv'"'.)l,O)~UL -z:-1,,<:t>it-z--to -f-nf±l\/'7-•".7Jv1) -:;~ •:t7' 1)7-rt1,-

1J'1'v-l::/'r L"'.J"'.Jt;!/<'..f"'.Jlt,
rf--H!l.tr.:.t--c-, 2),7'.1'71/7 c3- • -:,,J{'a:'3- • -:,,;,7'.),G7PJnl:J.ifii;;fii!tW-ili5.l!IILiLt.:o U-c"'.JO)l!]--C-fi-/;t<,1,t,:cLt0)7V'7~J.i~~O)i:p--C-~-lttv'.:."?, t o .f-nfilltftL,

f$!1/JLh

LJ: "?C=IF'/t-/;t7- !::'- F-Z-Ilt:b-::itv'<7 V-7t v'"?l>O)'a:'J.i~~l:J:-::iti"J.,11:,0)·('Lf.:om:w1:r;1-:,0)-t-t-:;:,,3:, (5t~~ ~*rffi)--C-}.i~~7'.l,fi:bniLt.:o ~~O)
J.i~~fi,!;L~-/;t;jx,~--c-ttJ:.7'.l{-::it"' i Lt.:o .f-nfillt87'.l'Glr.sffll:/±It v,7.,t l'Mlf,M,~IJIJJ.it-g x.ii" o 1 :,;,,:1v-:,,3:,7'.)\7V'7'a:'Ui"J.i;,<7'17

7V'70) 1J7 1JT1, Iltft-tJ.i;tk/.li','a:"§ v'*TO)l:Jfi1,,Gn, 7:t-?Jv-/;t~{'f.j'Jf;j.\--C-fi-/;t<,1,7,i--7:,7-~1

7-:$'J.,,-:,,3:,-/j:c\;/Jr;/':$'--/j:7-:$71)v

c LtO)*:fJ!.;,<7'177'.l',IY-:*1:l-t-tJ.inr;:,:$7--/;tll. i:ifil:/if:~J., 7V'77'.l'G1:inl±IJ.i~i'cL

tm:ffi~n-z:-1,,<0)-Z-To~PJrl:J:-::itlltft-t J.,7t,,~:,,7·1v-/;t~~fi~fi~~tl;O)j(~~~'f-0):;f;f~l:J:-::it,fi, J.i~~0)7:t-7o/rCL

L "' 7-:$71JvO)}.i~~"(.\

1,,7'.l,J:"?I:11:,
JJJI!t-Z-~J.,tv,"?::i:,-t'j'J,"("O)~f.:-/;t:m;~t,it.:/l/lji,cLt.:7V'7'a:'*;fJ/.

-tJ.i, .:_0)2"'.)O)~~,g.1,,'a:'~-::itv,t.:t-g x. iT of-nfi7:t-7

122 I 123)v-/;t}.i~~'}f;j.\7'.)'GTJ.it,=IF'iitl:
7T1 ;/JJv--C.-,-f-nl'.1'71/

Count10 BeforeYouSayAsia I AsianArtafterPostmodernism
I700~,~v-H!-::i·n ,,J.i, .f:0 - 1i-r:, 71/71.1{[-*lfflJ-r:rma,1n.,1.1,t.::v,J '/i0-CSJiJJ.ic:
v, '?~IW ~-::i-CLi'?C:v, '?$5t1.1'Ji>-::it.::c:,\!!,
v' i To

17:,,?"- · :::1:,,7,.J--77:,,3:,,J Li, .f:"?Lt.::71/71.l'i!X*-c' ') :tv-!f:,, 1--~;/1,J.,,~1!'n-c, 1tl1.1-n-c,~~~nl.ic:v''?,

JH:,;/1,J.,1l:~-r:L1.1,1j1.1,-::it.::0~,

f.!J.::i:,§:!if1.1'>Jl-ctmL -c, 71/70i:j:,1.1,GJ£ffiL
n-<c:v''?/itH'>~lt/jv'1.l'C:v'"?.:c:1.1'G/,ttli-::in,;J;Lt.::o .f:;/1,1i8,$:~7:J71:'?rtr.:c:lj<1JE:zn,t.::~ii1.1'G, 8,$:'bf:V:liTJ.i
71/7~J-J-lvlj-r:~ :z.J:"?c::ll:it0~{ t 1.1'~.:-::i-cM.::llsfJIJH:lffll,tf:l~;/1,iLt.::o OO~~t3i:m1£~1.1'.±.i!R,
20001J::1:7:J77n000'f- .1v-7-1.1'~ i-::i-C,- ~1: 71/7~~
0-;fO:J.x.7]--,:::1/7,.

:z-ch-J:"?b''? 31f:~L

J1./'A:7'-J--Lf.::;blt<:To.f:;/1,li,-;to-t7..0q:,-CS,71/7 0pq1l(U1.1>G
171/7 c:1ifiiJ1.1,J
c:rp,v'1.l'lt-Cv'.: '?C:Tl.i'ii0-CS,11!lJ!x1.1,G0-1J1¥Jtj1JU.'il-r:71/7Hg:ft-Ln,<:J~;f,\c:- il\lll~ii:zJ.i'b0-r:Lt.::L,7:l70'f-.1v-:$'- 1.1'71/71.1't:>JeffiTJ.ic:v''?, l'.i'c:-::J0\ii\h--CS'iiaiJ9iLt.::o JlG;/1,U:lt01l:~1:JiJ-::it.::7'77..l--v-:,,3:,,1.1,Gl,ttli-::i-C,
lltB, :IJDm~~lv0Je*<:Ji>-::it.::l:::7· H · l:::7,71/70i:j:i-CS

f/iJ~15--::i-C{iiJ1.l'H'h-CV ,.: '?C:
v''?, r.n-::::i0%1:~iml,-::J-::Jai)l.,0-c'li/jv'
1.l'c:,1/l!,v'iT
o1fffi1Jc:L-cJlGnlj:1.1,-::it.::71/71.I',
1fffi1Jc:L-cJl n,.:"?c:v''?
c:.:01::,ti 41:*-::::i-::JaiJJ.,0-c'li/jv'1.l'C:v'"?l '?ljMC~~lt-Cv'iT oI<·

J.i-::ic:tH-JNLt.::~1.1'Li-t0-r:, ~~~il:~&<'.J'J{;r,;v0~~1v0rdl1:
im1.1,-1t-cv,
t.::t!.~ t.::v,t ,\!!,
v' iT oI -~:.,•7-<J":.""
I .:0-t,-:,,3:,,0:tv-!f:,,7-:,,3:,,f:~ffl:-tJ.irA,M-r:-, ~1:

G1.1,1:~;/1,t.::rA,M1.1'JiJ9iT
o .f:;/1,li,7·o - 1{Jv/j:,,7..-rA0q:,1:~pJ1g©(0~it,J{f1.1'~A
TJ.i.:c:1i, ;!;l!:t.::L-C~¥11!ll!X0*Wr1.1'11!li!Xl:15-b-li--C~1tLt.::9,r!"!io''Mt~nt.:: 9-tJ.i.:c:Hr:-t-01.1'0 .f:;/1,c:'/i,i:j:i,C.,1:f:v:Ji-:JltGnn,J.,J1!l©(H/JiJ.,1.1'>L,
11!li!X0ffl5'.1HtH@T0
1.1',C'.v''?:f;Jli-CST
o .:01';)/i!i, 4-B;j':g:ft-~;/1,b><-::J1.1>0{'Fo'11:tJllJH:*;/1,'{"\,>J.,c:,1/l!,v>iTo 'J · 1--"*0*~1'=-r-7 c:Lt.::f'FJ'i,
1/ 1)-;;(,

I Session2 I ry ;--,..W J!:fUl ft !; - Wlll•IIJllt(l)ll!
!:ll

7,.*-F · 7·

NM I

'1'117){Pure ) , .:CL-CJibk~IJ) {rr:pOO*iOO.le
J/::r~f-\';~OOM.leJ~3tii~-r:253'rdHftJ$Lt-:) /::.:C-IJ)fflJ)771:fJJldj:{'fifii ;/j:/::'<:Tofl.l;fj§©( Jlll.r:p,C.,{l::T7.i"liJfijgjjJ:-::J",-r J!.l!;f(i.Jtili_i
7.,IJ)-z''Ti.J\tilJY.
~/vii,-m:fflJ)li-j-r:,:IJDtii,~~/vlJ)v'"J1!7 · H ·17;,,:$"'- ·::i;,,7,

J IJ)*'f~~JffiL-C~Ji,~Lt-::-:1::1:-?1,,,-rf!!!!n-Cv>iLt-:o .:C--:-r:, *~/vi:,

E§"©(~Jlll.r:p,C.,{l::T7.i~l'E,
ilii7.iHiJiJffiU:-::Jv'-CJ3f;j]1,,,

Lt-:v'/::,~v'iT o~Gl:.:C-IJ)r:j:t-r:,
7'177,#.7/::;/j:0t-::7:J71J)7-T17,

J--t-:t,1:-::Jv'-C{,~x..-r

1,,,t-:f.:M-:v'c:,\!l,v'iTo -:IJ)<<fJIJ)r:j:tl:1,,,7.,
7-T1 .7,H:-::Jv'-Cli,it.:A,B
li\sLirbtL -Cv'i-tt"lvo 7'177,#.7/::;/j:0t-::7:J71J)7-T1
1:afiit~nn,7.,- jj-r:, {t!!,jj-r:li,1llHJl.~nn,iT:.<.Hi,l±l:!l!-00).JIJ

o -=:-=:t:§ "JT177,#.'7/::li, r:pOO-r:'titl- -C.:C-IJ)ffi/ii:j'\."'-f$1±
Lt-:Jibk~IJ)J:-);/j:7-T1 :.<.
1--r:li;/j:<-C,

rn~<:n7.il:li 17:l7GL~i.J{JifJtj:1,,,JI::1,,,-)ffii.JtiliJ7.i-itv,i.J',
i&j!j:17)7:!7 ~Wf"'-IJ)fl!J{,IJ)M~i.J't:>iMin-r1,,,7.,At-:t,IJ)-:c:HleiL-Cv'iTo•"

1a-o-:,,1{1J)Jll/.r:p,c.,11::,
ili.>7.iHia-o,,1{xlJiclJ)Jll/.ff/l~IJ)-:ni.J,1:,IJ)"liJfi~ttl:-::J1,,,-r-r:-t"iJ.
o Jibk~i.Jt-?0n,7.,J:-);1j: 1fflMfl::J I::1,,,-)J:-)tj:-:/::
Ii, -:tt,i.J,1:,{,*-,Ht-rv,i.J';lj:lttl-liv'lttj:1,,,t.:0-)/::,\!l,v'iT
o 1!7· H •1!7
fl(J;lj:;t-:,,J-17-71J){'ff)jj"ili_i7.,Hi~~IJ){±jj~ff/l~ L-Cv'<- :n-r:, f7Ux..li
7 :!7 ~Wr/::"'0t-:~i;IJ) 17 :!7 J /::"'"Jr~~J!c:li~IJ
1:, Elli$i.JtftfJ_Uf t-:U/::-::JIJ)~t,f:f
1/.7,7.t-lJ)r:j:tl:J....
f);i6/v<:v' -?l, .:c-n~fflMil::T7.i,ili.>7.iHiU
L-Cv><tv,-)J:-);lj:f'f~li, -=:tt,i.J,t:,{,£,~l:;/j:0-Cv><IJ)-r:iliJ0-)c:o -::Jif),J&m:;IJ~fl(Jl:Ji7.,/::,.:C--)v'0t-:fflM{l::-?Jlll.ff/l~E§"©(i.J{~
Gl:P-JtEfl::LIm~:l.L-C, ffit-::;/j:1/7,T.hH'IJ~ L-C, tv,-)Jl,i;l: IJ)l"'f~l¥Jj/j:f-\':i::1,,,-)Jsli\si.J{iliJ
fJiLt-:i.J{-:IJ•m~~/vi.J,G-¥7';,,;;(.:t-tl-Gi.J{~
fJ:i6in -r1,,,<"liJfijgtt

tiili.>7.i/::li,\!l,v'iTi.J\.:cn~§'.i'tLt-=...t.
-r:J!tj:7.it,::i·1/x-1/3 ;,,IJ)jjf!~

124 I 12s

Count10 BeforeYouSayAsia I AsianArtafterPostmodernism IT, 5I~m~ffi~ L-n,:t.Potf;,j:G;,j:1,,,0)f.:c,~,1t'iTo-f'h-H T1/70)~1f.r7'.1'3-Dy/{l:t,J-L-C17:J7~11'rJcL-C, 3-DyJ{O):., :J..'T AO)J:P"t"wci;/'l,;,j:l:J-;/'l,lf1t,1t;,j:1,,,t v'"?'.Jl,JHi'b, miW.891:,±;,j:1,,,0)

t!0"?c,~1t'iT o t.:7'.l,G,t;;~Ii, :.,:J..'TA-fO)'f>O)O);J-1v>1f-'T1rfH'f

fJ.t.

1f-n,<tv,"?J:'?7j:.::c 'b3i.ll.>'"'-~"Z"TL,3iil.>li-f;,j:O)f.:0"?c,~,v'iT o t::.

t.=,m~E01:,±, 7-7:;,J-O)rAim'h,
7'.l',£;,f;;E01:3- • :;,1{~0)~1f.r:.,:J..
'TA7'.l'l±l*.r.7'.l'-::i-C1t,J.,g:i'(",;flt4 T?Jt/>-C7:!7 0)Ardl,±, ;j'd:., I-:.,3,;,j,;,j:1:J-tL,Iv,1:J-;,j:It'C It''?

rAimH1Qx_'""(l,,J.,O)f.:c,~,lt'iTo

MC I JBl.g:i{,fttv,"?li!JG~0)4'fiO)~t:/.J'lielt'"?.::t1:1MJL-C,
li7'.l'l:::i,;:,,j-

Lt::.1t,1J,±1t,G-::iL~1t,;J:T7'.l'
o 1'll'fr~lv, iilfl:1t,LiT o.. I .::'?L-C7:J70).::cH§"©(cO)Jt'-3("t"~L-Cv>l:J-lfv,<tlc\ V-c"'JO)~l:IH-::i-CLi'? o -fn,± ,l§©(TJ:P{,1:Wx..1.>,~,~T~t:1llliJtL-CLi'?

.::t1:1h;,j:J.,tv,'?~"Z"To ~l:f.M::.-l:,7'.l,~<~L-n ,7j:1,,,cJt11t1:1f~;,j:f.Jl,\'!:,±, ©(*7'.l'GO)~~T:k~<~1t-n,1.,, cJ~7:l7:lt!!:f!occO)Jttl({'/Fmi~l:§T(oJlt 1.>.::t"t",±7j:1t'<:LJ:'?7'.l'of§JJx..lf#li,

B;,f;:7'.l,G0)1'$~7'.1'7'':7:JM:i!i-::i-C
100 mlif:T~c~Tl.>B;,f;;'"f7:JJv3<:ii1Eif:"Z"To ,fO)J:j:i"t",77:,,7pJ nt7:J70)~1f.jO)i5;f\';ftO);tk/£O)ji1,,,{'cJtilli,\'!:
T/Fmitl.>~I:, 7'7 :JM:.}.;1,,,-c1±,-f.::1: 7PJ ;tJO)~I!,)JS)VJ-jJ'JJ,,O);f@l~:lt!!;,j>G
M;i J.,3-D Y J{O))(ftO)Jr;l!;,jtcJF'/t
f::;kIt'o 't"'?

Lt::.J:P"t",fJ1Jx..,f'"f7:JJv"t"lir ol!;tJ 1) 7 Cv'"?A-7',,1:,,j-;,j,3i.JfJiLt::.
o if~c>($c7-J-7'.l, - ~1:7j:-::,-C,-fL-C, 1±~, i&rul:,fiiJ;,j,'f>O)TlflT~f-t

7'.1'3ii-:it::.
o -f /v;,j:~'?I: 7 :!7 0) 7- r 1:U± ~ c tlJ;/'l,;,j:1,,,cJF'itl:?P:B-!l!fl:bt::.J.>flJ~fJ7'.l,3iil.>o-f-'?Lt::.,iiliH:~n-C~hiLt::.lttLc\!liltl§i$0)~~0)'bc"t", fU::.-1:,

lic'lv;,j:rA,m{'.1.=.-7;,j:bilffl
T Lt::.7'.l'Cv'".).::cT-ftL-f';/1,~x..l.>
o ,f;/1,(i1,H::ii '?:lt!!:f!&t::i.1.=.7-:.,3:,, TT 1.>t"'"?.::t "t"I±;,j:<,7:!7 O)~@tt{'JL:i:,{111 T~ x_J.,~, **l:follt-CfiiJ7'.l,'r'1:J.;tJy :.,3:,,;,j,Jt;.;,j,-::i-CV'< 0)

I Session2 I r7 l-'J'lfll!Jl:1Ul~~ - IIIHIJl!c7),t!:fltt• I-r:'l;ttj:1,,iJ,t,\\'.',".)(7)-r:'T
ot!.iJ>G,'b-::ic~WHl~I:,'b-::icPllth-C71/Ti~t::.~1:i-'¥-il-lv't':J;!U,v'0v'

0f&::lt!!:tlxiJtifJ
9, 'T1 7-::i-_;;_
iJtifJ-oo -f'? Lt::.t,(l)c ~Gf:ffi"jel:-?9c 9 L-cv,<.:.c 't', li'? B miJti-')1.iJ,Jv-r:'<-o<l)-r:'lif&:1,,iJ,t,\\'.',
v'iT o fJtl,Uf§{ft
1J-'t'lif&:v':J¾illl,12.'t',
ilcf:.t31,,-ct,, 007.J
IJ(7):IJ7::i·
7-71 7-J--<l)ilcimHjj

v>'t'v>lt-o(l)'t'litj:1,,iJ,t v''?J: "?f&:"iiJ~ttt, -Cv'i To

MC I ifJ9iJ{c".).::'~''v>iTo MV-c-::J,$tllc'(7).:.·'Etro,(7)t:j:i"(:'l;l:,7'177-:f-7(l)f'F*l:-::J1t,-c(l)::i;(:,,J--iJt:,)(30G;h.,-Cv>iLt::.
o fJ,.iJ,Gffi!1iil:::i;(:,,J--~LiTt, ~< ffilAfl9tj:~~'t'Tltnt·t,,

ti!:1$itiJ,_lxr'Cv'-::it::.g ~i}t, :JJ.~f19tj:-fliJiJ,(J)J:"?l:~!Gnt::..:.tiJ{ifJ9iLt::.
o Lil'Lf&:il%,-f(l)f:i\ 7·0-1, 1J-t!1/3:,,(7)t:j=i-r:'7'17_;;_:t;7(1)ra,fflli,'b-::ici*~IJ
f&:%1:f&:-::i-C~h-Cv>-ocv''?5<\
iJ{LiT o -:Ji 9, Jsl~t t:j:i,C.,(7)~~-r:'-/liJ
iJ,iJ{ffi"ttft~h-oJ:"?f&:#s:lt!!iJ{fJ:<f&:9-::J-::JifJ-o(l)'t'lif&:v'il'o :i21:g ,Hf, :lt!!:JJ.fl9f&::ill~'t'ifJh::ki~rn(7)t:j:i't'ifJ;h.,,~lfillt v'".).:.ciJ{~P*HV::.f&:v,J:"?f&:1:~-o~f}r(l)~~iJ{1:t-c v, t::.9 -t-oo 1ii~l:&:ri!fl9f&:'%~-r:'Til{
o 1J•m~~lv, .i3/9Jv,LiTo/Jllitt••11I .::'j/iro,cM-iJ{,i3-::,L-?-::it::.,71/7(7)'T177-:f-7fl9tj:7-717-r't'

TiJ{, .:.nli4-Bje£,J:...tiJt-::it::.J:".)tj:,71/7 lf00-r:'1:ih -Ci!X%:l:1T-::it::.
7-717-r't'lif&:<, -f'h-f'h~*-r:'1:int::.71/7(7)7-71,:;_
J--(7).:.t~,t::.

.s;1v, .i3-::iL-?-::i-Cv>t::.t,\\'.',v'iTo .:.ni't'(l)ff,fi:(l)g m(l)t:j:i't'li,1994,f(l)171/7 ,\\'.'-iffl<l)#7:,,1/"'ivJ(l)t:j:i't',~B3~/viJ{.:_(l)ra,fflHl.h-CV,G Lt::.t,\\'.',"?(7)-r:',~B3~1v1:1mHi~-o(l)iJt- ffi:1,,
1,,iJ,t,\\'.',
1,,iT o•H • !I! I 1Jm~~/v,c'".)'tifJ9iJ{d.::'~''v>iTof.llill'l=Billi
Lt::.(7)-r:',it!.im L-Cv,tj: v, At::.tkl~% ~-ttt::.il' -::it::.(7)-r:'TiJ{,
4'<1)::;;,,~JviJ{Hillil:f&:-::it::.(l)li,§G<l)~;t;-r:'7PJ :IJ-r:'Ml~Ai
L-C,-t<·1:.:f"'7 1)--r:'~lbGnt::.t

12•

I 121

v'"?f'F*t, *~(7):!Jffi, lil!Gqi-(7):!Jffi,-f;h.,iJ>G~K

Count10 BeforeYouSayAsia I AsianArtafterPostmodernism!

HR:, -f-)1,,,-).:.c-z:.ti::trHfi', '1.r.r-t AiPGo-tj-::,,-l!Jv)(.l:i/i-::it-:Acii>,
iJ;,J.,v'fi 7PJ :hl:fi 0-C'b, -f.:. ii'G'b-:i§El3Pf)Jft tj: v,, llll~ii-~-"tj: v'C
1,,,-)J:-)tj:
Ac fi, ~fi IJ~<:txiR.ii'il-:ibftl'j:0)-z'To-f .:.-z:, U-c -:::>§.:t1.,.:.c fi, 1994if O)1/::,,;i-<1/?A -z:fM-ff1t,t-:©(*1:sft J.,11/1{t*l:-:::>1t,-c0)vi<- r fi, 4-fi:lxiR.ii'T .:::-<
l!£b0-C1t,J.ic 1,,,-).:.c--c'T
o 11/1 •Y-tr.:r..-r1i!,- atiffi0t-:

10ne Way or Another: Asian

AmericanArt NowJC\t'"J71/7*7PJ:h,AO)M~~fi,Yi;c7PJ:h1'.i;h,O){i,*O)M~~-z:, -f .:.-z:fiii,-::::>-CO)J:-)tj:,
Mtflf19tj:71/1~m:jf-L-Cv'~1:,1:,:::r;,(::,,J--z:'Tfthc',,f0){4'f:IMJ:i1L-C, Y· J-';jsO)IM];bJ.,§mil\O)'bO)i!-~ <-cu,urmJO)A:ti-fnB

1mL-c1,,,1.,ev,-).:.c1:,fl.fiii'-::iii'IJ LiLt-: o Y · J-';jsO){ttf/i
1:-::::>1t,-cfi,:'J;-tj:<Hm:%f19tj:!J<fJi'l:s1t,-ccJ!o'/li'l:~0089tj:'ilO)~fl.fi~ t, -c1,,,J.,O)-z'T
o -l:,t-::ic:::r;,! ::,,J~~-\t-Cv' td:.

#ii¥

I ~~/vO)§e*, 7Cl!£ffiB<r.l'lii'-\t-C1t,td:.~iLt-:a m<2,siJ:.ftlr.'i~Lt_:1t,c,~,1,,,;t-t"oU-c-::::>fi,
7'17A:i-<'7cii'./7Fcv'-:i:::1::,,-1::7H:IMJL-C--c'T
o :ffl.1£,{iiJii'-ill'.J-;, Fii'Clt'"?C, ~IM!~*-z:'fil'j:1t,i),c,~, -)bft-z'T o t:.ii'G, ,1-;, F cii'
T17A:i"<7C1,)'Cv'-Jffl-~ii\ J'!'tff'.0)1/AT.A"-O)M}JtfiffifilicL-C~JE-z'~J.,ii'c' -:iii'C\t'-JO)fi,tj:i),tj:i),fi L v,;txiR.l:tj:-::i-Cv,7.,0 -f nii-U-c -:::>o~1:, ~U-7'17A:i"<7il'Cv'"?r",~-Z:Tii',.:.n,±J.\ffi~/vO)m11'i1fi'b0C'b-z:,-fO)jmlJc§ -:ifiii'tj:v,]ft~tj:mil'i5-z:i""o cl\'ilas¥f:,trV,,.:.nt:.ft~!M!

~*ii'im!IW{tL-c<J.ic, o-:hJv tj: ± :!1!!1:
Mt.::i6~Gn n,1.,, -f .:.ii,G:f3;!1W
O)=pJ1'¾:~'bf-:tj:1t'At-:-1:,'il,~fi IJ;J;,J.ifiO)
1HR:JC§ 0-CV,1,,,J:-)tj::txiR.ii'l±l*-::::>-::::>iJ;,J.,0)-z:'fitj:v,i),ev ,-).:.c-z:-t"o [.o,J ~.mff,1Jfl9
l:±:lt!! iitbhJ.iAt-:-1:,
l\'i]~, D-:hJvO)±:lt!!l:f!Jit,:i6~G;h,n,1.,,At-:-l:,'ilii', T17A:i"<7-Z:fitj:1t,

ii'c 1,,,-)J:-)tj:;txiR.f:tj:IJ-::::>-::::>;J;,J.,c1t•-)O)ii':ffl.{-\';t:.c,~,"?o-fnii,2-:::>§-z'T om l ~~b~.•M•*~~h~h"'~ml:JitllH:L-Z:. 1":-'J<~-<>c:~lc'
J:IJ'-<>,~L -Z:,~(7)o/?">?'frcto-:IJ
Jv~Jtll!\(7)J'.11\l'c:L-Z:fJ!t'h-<>b''?
;:t o [.i-lNM I

b? V-/::-:::>{,jlt:/J•x.J.,~ Gl;f, IJZ%'/v<1)9€',1i,{J)J:P-z"Ji{7J<
Tvj({J)~ '1!li;6{/±I-C-c,ffiia1,,,~/::.~,0t.:{J)li,jl:A l:--?~<-CfiiJ-z"Lt.:;o'?
j¾j!:1,,,tv,-')J:-')~[(;;6{/±1-c 1 Lt.:o ~# ~A,{J)[(j{J)J:P"Z"b,jl:~{J)rp~ffl!::;Q', ]l:,-ZJ.,/::v,?rA~Jl!I!
;q{1,,,-::,f;f1,,,1±1-C~iTo 4-i:,,d/::\ *Jj('lf~:g,/.{i;~{f.j'ffi-z"I;r,;t• r 0\::7] 1) 7 J
t1.-,-')7''7:!Jv{J):ffl.fi:~i'{J)M~4'~~0n,J-t;o{,7''7:JJv{J)ifl!Gf&7rf7;,,ef-zJvJ,'{J)i:p-z"~
Jtft/::{J)IM!if-~;jlgx.J.>~!::k~~~!gjlt.J ~~ 0 t.: 1jt:A{J).::/::~.~,1,,,1±1
LiLt.: o .::ttli 1920~fi;!::t;('7T Cv'?B A;6{~ 0t.:.::c-z--t1tttc'b

JvF· :J · 7;,,J,<7-, -:::>1
IJl!!irf ~jl:,-ZJ.,/::v,-'j,]l:,-Z-C

Ef:$t{J)b{J)f:
Li:>-??o jt:,-zJ.,tv ,-').::cli~T J.>!:IJ&JIXT
1.>bltt.:lt/::\ FiiJIJ;J
f:, IJ&!IX-tJ.>/::Ef:5}{J)fi-'.iHW,:b0-CLi?
o Ji;f:~tl~v'

o i.liil.>Hi, Ji;{J)~*f::n'JW-tJ.>.::/::;6{-Z,~~1,,\0v'11=Ar o-;,.1i, 11!?.~(J)Jt{t!::1±14'0t.:1J;Jf:,!::,-')1,,,-')Bf.Jt,;o{i.liiJ.>;6,tv,0t.:IJ;J!:,V-!::-:::>Wll!tl¥.JBf.Jt,, MV-!::-:::>li]!:Ai¥.J~
Bf.Jt,;6{i.liiJ.>!:::5tlHLt.:;6{,-t"{J)IJ;Jf:li,jilijn"!::bi.li.>1IJ~JEE19-z"li~1,,,.=..17;,,;,.
"t''To 111\ll!tb,-'j{J)li,11!?.~~!J~~Tl.>o j1:,-z1.,t1,,,-'j{J)li,
ft!?.~~WHtL-CEf:5}{J)g:il:J-.tl-C, ft!?.~~1,,,~1,,,.::/::1:L-CLi? o 1iiJ
c~<-t"?"t''li~v'f

jl:AJ/::v,-'j,{,,<-:J;6{i.lii1JffJ.,{J);6>~/::,-t'A,~~1!{~~-i:,JLt.: ov-t.:.t ~ 1,,,t.:<~IJJLt.: o

120 I 12•Count10 Before YouSay Asia

I AsianArt afterPostmodernismI'\I Count10 Before You Say Asia I Asian Art after Postmodernism••
7"1lJ 0>-1';C-1/~lltl:ts~ 'Tffifl8!Jtlfl"'i•t.:l, T@t.:c~-!>b'l,glJI.J.llE"t't.~

O>J:.?tlJl1;1;t•• l!lO>.t,g~CtlO>t.:-!»?#. c-:fJJ&,flJHlb'BM'i!tl.gfll::l,T.

*11:1:Ji~flO)#. t,1.,-f°?"t'tl~'C1°tl.lf.J.llfO)C-:hJ&,/ 'JC-/~Jl,O)flllillllill:ts~\"(,.. 'i.1t1.,"(~ \gO)f.:-!>?#ol;t. -f-O>J:?tll'dlll'i~1'18!Jl:•v9.

I #il811 [-E"L,,-11-l

I 7C 1)'t"•H.:hl::';J.l-'5-.l• "-:...:hjEftO)lflJ.'illtaf)T I7"1/7"8!Jtll'<llci;t?
R•1

R•2

l 11•• =.III
ffi A*W. G'IIHJA.

R.3

I IBctoiEZ

ra• J0>an

I Session3

i?·:1~=1:;3f:MN;>-?>l:~t::.?T:#ii¥[l:¥;1;:*ll • ftlt!l!Bftll l-l::;,:,,3;,,3 0)1;,,1-o 7'71/3 ;,,1:a;t..:-:i·c.::.ni-rO)g,m~:ti-:,-/llit~

L-CB~ii"c, fftBO)-l::;,:,,3;,,1-r1±,-gmO)rA,mtL-CY:.!7, ,1;7.,1,,,1±;f-.7.
H::Y-=-XA,#.7.]-:m-=-71) ;(A, f--:,1t,-:,:ij!_~il<J~rAim1:m,¢.i:~~\,,\"(~;UU..:o A,BO)tpfiji:j:t0)-\::;,:,,3;,,2-r1±,
ffiJ40)f'J,iij(~~v'-C,
f-.::.:1,pi:,Jl.
fl;:il<J
1:o-tJJvc:7'0-1,JvO)-\t<lb~·,g-1,,,u,, ;!;7.>1,,,1±,f--:,1,,,-:,-tt.io~·,g1,,,0)J:j:t-z",
f'Jo*0)~1ilfi;6{c'-:,1t,-:,~-:,1:{'FGttn,< :1,ptv,-:,.::.c~i:j:t,C.
,1:, ,1
7!-'c;6'7'17.7.#'7cv'-:,J:-:,~:i;,,-l:-.1'J-l:"'.)1t,-c:ti~~~Lilt..:o.::.O)Jif~0)-\::;,:,,3;,,-z"1±,
it..:j,'L:itht..:~nl:;f:Jt¢.i:~ffi'.1,,,-c~x.-CJ.;.t..:v'C,\!!,v'iTo lltB;6>i:,O)ffiS-z"ffiJAO)rA,m,f-tl;6>G1) 7 1J;(AO)rAt!i!!c;6>,
N!:-g-t-7.>t,~it~tv,·%0)~1'.i\s-O)~ffiH:m-J1,,,n,<tv,-:,;6,,tl:i~Ln,<

J:-:,~.::.c;6{,r.n"'.)*~~rA,mtL-c1:1:1-c~iU..:;6{,f-n~~it-c,

1'.i\s-1:

J:f'Jja-::J1,,,f..:c.::.01:1H±T7.i
1'bO)JC7,J'
1:f'r~JC7,/', 1)Cj',(7 J C§v>N/:.:z.-C'bv' v'7,J''bLtL i-tt !,.,;6{,4-/lli f--:,v'-J~nl:;f:Jt¢.i:~~1,,,-c~ x.-CJ.;.t..:v'
c,\!!,v', 77:;,:,,3;,,, Fo-,(:,,7·, f-n,;1,J,G~friitv,-:,.::.c-r,
3A0)1~:,r-1J,7.

H:35£<~;13/ffiv'T
7.i.::.ci:Lilt..: of-O)~U"Z"v'0 \t>0~ rA,m;6{1fl-C<7.ic,\!'.',
v'iT;6\

U-c"'.)jj:, Jtfttv,-%O)~~x.7.>~0)iEMftt,.::.n1±atBO)c'~t..:;6'0)35£<1::ti1:1:1-c~t..:-g~t!.c}~,v'iT;6\(iE;fitti)J~<l6<"7.irA,m-rL.do

1/T1 cf-O)/JOt1lllJl:;t;7.,,
A,80)35£<-z"'iiT't'l:ffiS;l,J{lflilt..: 11\17• 117'1

7'"1(ttflttlJ tv,-:,rA,m~c'. f--:,1t,-:,1£~~.io<·7.,iuA,m;6{~t,Gn7.icr

1!!L-Cv'iTo#;tll!

I

-t-ttc!lil~i:, 1J7 1J:XA, o-n1vt;dcftibJ.>1t,1±1'.ffi"c~Wr,~Wrcv'1J:
IJ~t;j:fl'l9tj-g}j.,~t;l:f@:fiH:ibJ.>J:1tj'bO),-fO)~,j,f-~~.¢.Libl.>H±~il-

ffi 1:"".)v,-c~x.J.>.:.ci:tj J.,0)-z"I±
tj v'iPc .ll:t
0-Cv'iT oje~i-.t:;Mv'TJ.>0)1± ,70 1J-t-·nl!.7--1'"7-.J=«-n-~!v,-t-niJ,G~~

fi!= M~!v, HJq:,.iiz~Iv, -f L.-c::i;,<;.,t-i--1:::;,::,a;.,20),'iJ~i" .t:;!ffl:v,Lf-.:
lliJHl?tC~/vl:L. -c1t,td.:<.:.c1:tj0-Cv'iT o-fh-z"I±, J:0L.<J:;M1t•L.iTo

1a2 I 133

Count10 BeforeYouSayAsia I AsianArtafterPostmodernism
II Session 3 I ,HI 1

iEff1!t0)7£lJtf!~>JUf)"t'/ 7":}'J"f.J~s'<BIU::i;t?
7-<1Jl:::":O,l~.a,tg/\,(7IJ7,<7,<t;;f.;%.t-:Jc=.7Jl,,(1)7',(7:0,7,<7,<
7Cl1J1"•H.1:Jl:::";%.f-7-./=~-1:J-•[7"-l'7•11inllitt- 7'1'v~5r- J-Y-1Jt'·To if,

1 :.,,F;r,:,-70):;{fit :'&RitO>liJf~~.Wr,
t T J.,jigifAO)liJf~:ff-!f-:.,,r'7•.=.--t:.,,O)~>(O)~~O)*-B1ri.PGira<lbt.:v'c,~v'iTo C•o2J .=.-

-t:.,,;o,2OO3~1::~L,t.:r Re - Orie ncing Fas hi on: The G loba lization of
Asian Dress J O)q:,"{'-,::ie1
t (l(Jilh'liO)f'i"k,fiJ}.!::~-:J<J'E~,Tl'.i::bt,, 17n1/3:.,,,±, jig©-(l<Jm*O)
7 7"1) ;t 1) CJE~ ;/1,J.,
JC v'-Jjj\'£~~:M!::iFl, "'.)"'.),
JHJ!!~$ L-1l.--r--r1,,,f-fo "'.J;l:l'J,
7n:,,3:.,, 5e.O)liJf~:tt,±,
1Jt~0)7n:,,3:.,,~jig©zO)
17n:,,3:.,, J t:1i=jig©z0)
10C7n:,,3:.,,J i::= 5Htl --Cv'iTo fi:tr,±, 1tl't~:bGl'.i:v'Jfi;~(l(Jl'.i::'&mH::ft*~niT o -fl --r, :1i=jig©z0):'&
ijjt;o,5.<ll§0):,-7--J-L;o'G,
jig©(~0):,- 7--Y-L"'-c:¥$1TT
J.,2:t ;o', 7n:,,3 :.,,0)7•• -J{l}-l:-:,-3l, "(1,,,J.,c.=.--t:.,,!±:Jtit~L,;J:-j0 /x

m::,1990~1-ti::JiGnt.:7 V-70) RJ~:tx:~(r1:r.1--rM)7:t-lf1 •N1tool7)•ra:1•;
t:.1::lO)jig©zO):'&Rit"'-0)77°• 7"1J.:c.-:,,3:.,,tt,liJ-J±, :1l=jig©zl!J
1::.i3it;.,1OC

J O)~N_~-fJE:iJt-j-J.,f§ti!itl~:;lfl/_:l,t_:O)"'('-jo tt'i,i-c'·!±,jig©(O)A. o, I G.C;,;lc,;,<,-7(J::H.\!.'.!IJ,'1'-!ll'.7''-'E:.=.-O)r-r'j/g©z0)7n:,,3:.,,0)9e/ic1tfJ tll --rJBjiU: Fv7-0):,,;,,-Y-L-.jl{t:(l(J!::,±, 71

1)

l'il!!.wVf ,r-;,;t-::ia.::c711,J.!llttffl:'i'IJ:

ill.<.*~1'Jl<JJl.tEO)/ll<5!:0)fcl!ll:
J (JI[

1:::.,,
O)q:,:9cIJZ!l!f'$'jlO):'&ij!t-~$-fytl!::,0011.';00 Ji(:fllll1H±. 2003iJ'), 5l6Wo Hltill;:
GayacriChakravortySpivak,*HIJi:1t-tU.:<l6!::JOCl'JJ.,.nGn,-fO)fiiilffl L---rv,0t.:N(7· 1J-:;Fl'.i::tx: A Critique of PostcolonialReason:
ijjt0):,-7--J-LH~fil.liToI1,,{7' 1) T1 T1 (;ftt![[t'l)J ,±JC*;Q'~ltra,0)3(":~c~:iJ~TJ.,1'_!#1]$:0)ffl~tt-r'~I')'-'c-2:;o>G!±;;fk,itil'.i:'U.:;6>-:,"(%'~7'.i:-f-;6,£:-fJ.,t~ x.Gn--r i U.: oToward the History of the Vanishing
Present(Cambridge , MA: Harvard

University Press, 1999), 361

02I Sandrn Niessen et al, 243-265.

OJ I *ilH'l;I:, 7-( ') \C';;O)<j,*'F!!t$0)'f '):J..l-lx
tl'JicO)
ij~il/iO)/!Ill,1:M\

f-tt :tJ{~if-C#.7- J-::m.:=.
7Jvll'ff-\'.;0)71•r';,-:r1-:r10)fit~tL..

-C, ffl/t,0)§.M ·il:>·n:,,1.,. A l IO)Ja/:'i;I:,.: 0)

J.f.MH·ii-:i-Cft Jfl~tt.J.,J:-31:tj:9 i To i:j=i:'k;Jv'.l;,Ifff t 1::-it-\'it I&';1:::W
G

Jti!itl::1t1'iiL-n,1.,. ::Jlv7'-fv7Llill!\

T71OJ)tlli10Jti'Jict.:e,Ul:J$i8~0)-{:J..7A

1)

i::;,AO):}(:¥,tJ{:!Jt,:~fl:)'J.,:t.{ij~0).7-N)vO)~jl'S:-, :$'~$cO)~/Y!tJ{

tt lil:OJti'Jicl:
0 ,,-c1;1:,li/!Jic
Ji!.0)/!I

1: t.t.:1JJWJO)f,\l:1l'irc,'j:J.,.7-"'1 t 7./-1) :fJl:J:J.,ffiR:lt!!
x ~cO)iJ'ff-\'.:iPG#.7-

ll?.8'J!UU'~t.:Ucao.

r .:f:Y/'O)iJ'ff-\'.:l:~ J.,i"t"l@'F-:::>ftJ.,.::.ci:J:-:i-C, ~(;l:'fJl.ffH± ~ , f-L..-C

JUill:L 'CO)J;~t,. -n,1., . 7-f ')\C':,O)J'{Jj~O)~jlOJ$ 11ll:0,,'(l;I:, ifrflj'fjEO) ( Berg
Encyclo ped ia of Wo rld Dress andffi!:seffl.iu:i"t"/tff-C,f-O)i:j:l-z"
1: t.t.:~4tj:/M!-fl-H~HL..i-t o [• Jl it.:0,f-O)i:j=I"{",
71 1)

7Jv · 1,17 · 1Jr1-:r 1 tJ{M,1¥Jtj:~t:@"Z"(iFashion) O)fc'61:f-"f-:J..';.f1vliH l:cJ:l·0)-!f-:,
1'7 •:/J:J..
l-ol:cJlilllltllll!Ltci ~tj:<, filJ!lo/.iiPl:tj:0-3t-tU.:&00)~~t..:t.1J!Ri-t-t-11:£-::i<,-c, '"' •1±1
L..,JE~-t1.,m~1¥Jtj:~~"Z"To 1,17 · 1; 7'1-:r1 tv,-3jj\'{~'S:-#.7.
r.:r:Y.:=.

04 I .: O)':l'/El.~>/:.::l/,;r, s,tct cs,t c.t'll';l;:"l'O);!
+il'WI
IJJ;i:11!\/.IITJ.>.

-

f-tt.(i, Elc'S:-~J;;(.t,.O)J.!ll.~0)1$Kfll,,.O)i:j:i-z"tfrlH-tJ.,tt'iil:,
1Jl.J\ti¥J,j;y1.,1,,f;t1~ffiii¥J· !Ji'.:

05 I fl!;<.i;l'._G. Coedes and Anthonyfillii¥J
J 7'j:1,1"J' 1; r1-:r1 tWfiii¥Jtj: 1,17 · 1; r1-:r1 O)Mn-.is:-rAiv,,
f--3u.:~

Reid>/:Jl.J:o~iJ{:lt!!.1J
t :f • - 1{Jvtj:~aO)jmj:1J"Z"t ' O)J:11:JK!ffl~tt.J.,M: 01,,-ciJ~

06 I Carlos Quir ino / Mauro G arcia~liTo [, o4J

ffiR:lt!!ft~tt.J.,WJu, 16i!t;fsc.0)1::-!f"-\'~,
5':fJ'o7·/J~0)1±~"Z",i, i:j:il!J,-fl-C1 .7-7.t,.ft ~tt.t.:1¥f7-V'7, *1¥f7:J70)i/i~ itOOiPGffi'Jfl
L..t.:**-tl¥J~*O)§JL-=>/\17 ' 1; -;; J-','j::&!Ji'cil{Jf!1,,Gtt.,
OO~'S:-~x.t.:ftiHJi\
t.ll'.l'tffii-z"O)/M!-ff

iJ{Ji!,
Gtt.i L..t.:il\.::.tt.iJttllt;iiti¥Jtj:1,17 · 1J 7'1 -:r1'S:Bl!BI!:
L..t.:iJO)-z"j;y-:it.:.::.t,i, fi~O):tlitnx~* tt~j.\l:.;/31t,-cii!Al~O)gNtfO)ffJflil{Ji!.Gtt.J.,.::.t
71 1) i::;,O)Ifff!~"Z"
ffl v'Gtt.t.::&!Ji'cl:L..
-c,.::.tt.i"Z"ffiGtt.-n,1., ~R9t'i'r¾:

ii.!i!v,ieywiO)! ctn L..
-c,i, 1;,r1 T -t:t: 'it 1; 1J-~ i!ffillil{~~-t1.,16i!tifsc.O):it~'ifll-~ -z"j;yJ.,#7-!f"- · -=:i-f -;;7.7-(ti'.&'.
* >t~tf

tt.J.,7J<;Ji3lfili~iJ{j;y9i-t of-O)i:j::11:!c.~tt.-n,1.,f,fi@it)t :$:t',i, ,i&';RO)R!Ji'c'S:~O)J:-31:~L..
-n,i-t o~-tt-\'/v:O)~t.: i:>m'RRIH:L·nt- ~ ~fa:.g,,'l)JO),WM,ltf<O),t,!j\0)5'j.:t~:;,~{fflv' G:h.7.>o [--·l g:il!J1.1,
Gi!Jt* U.:~:lt!!0)?17:7c:$"7.7.7~~:a: u ffl-t7.>~ti/i:>7.>o1,,-f:h.t !ltttf:U't.:~tifv' , llff/ifjj 1J ;J{;,-(;J:4!:i~, ;!lil.h-,lli'a'.#?';,-f:1.1,it7.,t1,,

i/i:,7.,v,(;l:fflO)ffi''a'.
ffiv>t ,!lt{;tO)jjlj"t'W/167.>o ~ 0)'.3,'.
/ifjj,\'1,:a:#?'/"{'t:Mf:"t7.,~- ,j,

134 I 135

fa:~ iJi'a:,!ltf:~ tt 7->~b~ v' o [--·) g:il!]7'.l>Gijlj}..
lt.:::)\'.;/RO)i/i:,7.,~Count10 BeforeYouSayAsia

I AsianArtafterPostmodernism I

lif.::r±:fil:O)iJ'J.
'?.'~11!1.::iL~~,
ai*'-'~n,tt.:JoO).::t, .::n,±1!.liGn,:fitO)iJ'J.
f.::~i\11jO){i!fiffi'?.'~&'l,Q7'.l'Gt'~.Q
o [·--l liv,f.::~f)iJ l~H .., nfJJiv''?.'l.., ffi¥,;M3Z/ili'?."T.QO)'?.':;kH.::l1Hl'o L..t..:il'0·(1J.liGf±/ffi::t1.::*1t,~f)iJ I~l.::OOL..

e!JOO
71 1Jl::':,,"t:'tl:,na~O)7,::711vc*;t..tifv ,f nM&w'0)%,{~1.::J:0-C::k~<lcti~ni"to Elr!.i~MH.·;j:li<klJbt..:;;ffi:lt!!"t'iJ;,ntf,
J.tlf>bfl>f'IJ&L~T

v'o ~.MiffitJL:tP.~tJ---:::ilt7.i:t:Win'G~~~J.,t..:&')l::fflH,niLt..:o ~ttO)!lJ;;{fjI l°\l\7•(bahag)j ~:t(tt;6{JjJf.::~~---:::ilt
7.,.7,;/J- r I :$1\::.7, (tapis)j f.:c'O){~;f;,t1¥Jf.:1-(~!±;t;i~~n-rt.:<, td-:5E&9Gnt..:1Jit:t'~f.ls:l.:::~v'-C*
ffl Li To16
1i!Jcl.::¥U*Lt..:N"1:,,0):fil:ij!i1tt..:i:,1±,
q:,*;1,,y:,,IjZff,f-L t1::-lj--\'tle!J
1.::;tJG-t~Hti/RO)f±Rc,

ea:.::
ttvY~i/RcO)r.JH.::fl1) .7, r~l.::ffl}{tRLf..:0)1.::Mv~~i¥Jt.:~ft~M..:G Li To Wl1ri?q:.
L,{i1t!±l§©z%'00.±.~0)J!/fll.::~L<:Jll;mLiLt..:o;\'-1J.7, r~ft~nf.:n'0f..:
JHftn,ffiR:lt!!.121.wJO)- ---:::iitJ
17:J71¥JJc>b x..7.i- ij!i~O)~;;:t~{J?Jt
Lf..:0)1.::ML-r, ;\'-').7, r~vtct.: 0t..:q=i*IjZffO){±Rt..:1:>l±,
Jl:tifcj!g©(O)
1J o/~*~1A1J!..g-~-1tt..:J\,(7'~-it-Cv'~iT o .:.ni±JI:(

if c l§i$;6{ff/iji!;:1¥J
1.::;t;,c..g-~nt..:>.7, T1 Y 1H?O)llJ!~cifiJL- 1.::
T 7.,{iO)"t:'{ij;,t)fLf..:o [, 08]~~~Jfi UW"t'li0t..:l::'-1j--\'~O)A40)~-=fHtli~Lt..:Jt:$:M~0n' iT oi1:Jf.ls:l.::/ifil~;/1..t..:JfiUW!±,
iw~:iJtlt 1ff,;1¥J:lt!!{JL,
f-L -C717':,,T1T1~'.§'.

07 I Carlos Quirino / Mauro Garcia

Jillf!'l7)<pl:;li,7.,BoxerCodex J:t) ,~T7.i>/iO)cL-r Jit.:~niLt..: o

08 I 191!!:,lcl7)7, •J\C°;..-1:t;1t7.,.,c;,,Tf1/ (,J ~l7),ijjt), r/JMn.Jl:H:@:P,;I:)17)/1.:B'Jl:gm-U~ 1:(2(0·~ t1.tc:$t

19t1tl!0>11a

Jl'll:H,:$l-1(rl:0,,-c1t::::'-'+:ll-1:

19i!!:~1.::.:.0):1i!!~MEU..:3-IJ-;;J{AO)»fE1nc~,
liilt::.~1-\:1.::el;O){±Rcf-Mtt-c,,t.,,, , ;,,,,q;..-*1:1;..-7 ,O)ij!i~H/nv't..:7]<~@;6,G,
fl~, Jflli;~,i&mi¥Jt.::lt!!{JLl.::{-'f':-:)ij!i~O)fl5JIJ~"Ji?'i?{v'ffi7.i.:.cn{"t:'~iT o Y~ 7:,,. n:,,:::r~i± t::.&')c-t7.iI9i!f:~0)71
J1::;.,A 7-71

1

.7, rt..:i:,n{mv,t..:M/flffl0)7J<~@t.:t·i±,

19i!f:~O)q=i*If

ff:lt!!w'O)ij!i~~~D
7.,_t "t:',:l!tlti:t.:1.ll'.ft'iU-Rt.:tJ iT o _tm~A1±71,:1Ji" *iH.JfiJ.l:'1'00*1:1 i" *17)ii!.
JfiJ.1:0,,-c1t,gm-U~B'Jl:1 3]U~

tt-c.stJ, 1&~·1:0 ,,-c1t, 1!!:H!l'111
1:-liil.,n-tcb>'J aJJ,.1:'ill'6-c,,7., ,il!.JfiJ.'-'lit.cc,,(;..-7,i" *1tl!tli, :lit

T/fll::$l-Jl'l~ttn,tc ,(7=-'7/ff l , ffl;fff, ;!;,J.,1,,,fii:p
00~1:,p-;o,G~A ~nt.:!l:i'fW.O)~:li!!iJEt'fi-CO):!li:N::ttJT.··rt.:7-:iJ-J--H11t't.:~-Ctlli;6'h-C1t'iTo::. -:>Lt.:£;ts;i'B~ffiR.:lt!!~fi:0)7:,-1f-:,7·Jvc,ffiR.:lt!!~fi:0.JWO)fliH~t0) rai1:::JUi.¢.i:i

1±\-t'O)lift L <;!;,fJi-it Ive 1W
i: 'I:,~-"Zt.:imfJ, ffiR.:11!!

~fi:0.JW0):9::'lit.:-J::,fi,
f~~i'Bl::1li:1t'7-:iJH:~0t.:fJc Lt.::!li:tHf0)7''7".77-i* fflL, :ll31ifi/1"Jf•O)cht.:___trO)fwi1t,H!bn,;tLt.:~-it-9-~:li!!&O)•~i~-LiL~o {k0)77

o %::.~-b~tta~~L~ffl~

Hl\l.%:-tJ.>£li1HA':ii1Hi~f-\';i~x.
-C~~ :!li:Gx.
ii" o 1-i!!R.:11!!11'..
~h-1.>0.JW
1J-:;O)~O)±:li!!l:fi!,11'f~::/Ht-C'!:,~-:,-C;!;,0t.:J:-:,I:, ffiR.:lt!!~f-\';0)1\,(7'Jq:~ 0t.: ~ll~ 'I:,it.::lt!!fiLU-lt.Ji-=J=-1:J.,.;tt,J.,t.:.lbO),;!;,J.,Hi-=J=-1:J.,.nt.::lt!!fiL
ttlt.J HtM:.-t J.>t.:.lbO)~llltr-C
Lt.:o77 •;.,y:1::;0)Ulft

71 'J ]!:,O)i:p!:k;IJZ!ff:lt!!w'l:-aliJ{
L-:::>-:::>;!;,-::,
t.: 1f~~i'BJ ~R~I:

7 ".l7 t

3-0 -:;1{0)~/ifO)IA!f!,fr;o{~;i!
L-Cl>,~l!J;o'G 'l:,t.:G~ht.:%ttfi,0)5<1.
{~I:~ Lt.:±*O)* :r,ti ffl1t,;.,::.t1: J:0-C, !Jll~h~-t1t,&w',:(:,0)1:.x.G

n -Cv'~iLt.: o *1%:li!!w'O)l!J4-Cffi1t,GhJ.,}!J[-=J=-O)~:li!!l:fi;bfJ,
7'7ry;,,
1;{o (baro)J
1:li1{ 1 -t-:; 7!v~ 1{-j--j-~O):li!!jc£0)ffi!IM'G~h-J.,§ff.';;fi*iHJ <~MIH:~ilht.:1.:=.1!;,,(nipis)J- >C"f'.imfJ
1l!J1t,J1:i!~imJ.,J-t1.>-

t~ft~hJ.,:iJ"'--EO)J:-:,~~:lt!!;6{ffl1t,GhiLt.:o ~;tt,1:ML-C,

1-it-Y(saya)Jcll'fl;fh,J.,)Et'fi-CO) :!li:~0)7,;/J- 1--1:ii, 1:, j-,'£0)1%-=f~i±~I:, ~~}!J[.lb0)~:11!!;6{-flebhi To::. -:>Lt.:.--tTfwi1t,0)7:,-1f-:,
7'Jvfi 3-t1-:;1{~7;1,1J :iJ0)7 7-:; :,- =1:,t)JfriJ

1:,frb-it-C, ~f-\';t t 'I:,1:•ft. Li Lt.:o tiPOO
1:t/li;o,;tt,t.::9::'110)~<;6{~l'Jl<
7-:iJ77 1) :t Ori1lil
i*ft-C

1,,,J.,0) Ii, :iJ1--')-:; 7 ~O);/mfi'{;6{/t:~1:J@::,-::,

t.:IDE~l:'l:,~J.,-C
L .d o -t-1J 7- Hxfif!pi~-tiii¥1i\c::.O):li!!JJI:{~bJ.,J[~ltO);J3"f'::.O)J:-:,t.:ffi~fi,~< ;o,G

fJ~~ff i tf 1:--:::>lt
J.,f/•!li.fiL-it, ~\\l.~LiLt.:o ::.::.1:~Gh-J.>1Jl'.fi:0)1\17''J7'1T11i,~;o,1t;o,G-t1.>
c r!!iif!ml.,-t-')7- 1--~)ml.-r·ii ;!;,-::,-C'I:,,l~ffi i'B· ~%1ii'BJ
t.:1 \17 1) T 1 T1 t
m'~i'8~1\17· 1J 7'1T1 O)fi*~i.U-fH:, 1>Cfl'..i'Bl:fi!,if)tJ
L-c~t.:ffiR.:11!!~
fi:0.JWO)f
8f!piJ.7jhl:~ill-~Lt.:'!:,O)-Cfi~1t,-cL.i:-:,;6'0 ~j'jl1:tti1Ii<:ll3

136 I 1a1

Count10 BeforeYouSayAsia I AsianArtafterPostmodernismItHi, -J-#v;;l-:,,J{.O)~v',<b~H±, J:H-G('t100i.PG'8tr).:~tlt:JflU~AfJ
1J1:::,,fim~0)1,ot.11Z1Jirv-it,O)~-:::it:fJcLt:*ijO)X"*>a·71
f-O)_U::3-o,,1{JiftJL.-cO)...t~:a:-;1;J~fJiLt:o[FIG.<]
r:p:9c5¥fff::JiG:tl~r:pOO,
1:,, r\ 3-0-;,1{0)~:mtJ:~~O)iJ!i\-(±, 71 'Ji:::,,O){tl!O):lt!!:liJIG-C~.::
fJ-:::>-:::>;b-:::it:
00~ :a:mx..
t:~1t0) i.ll~-C'b<bfJ1 Lt: o:J:d AX'·

Ji$/J:.f:.~-Ci.i:f£~-it/J:7'.l{G,l¥i71 ') l::/0) 7.Jv-n)iO)QRffi=O)l\,(7· ')-;,FIJ:1:<~Hlli'.l!J'.
L-Cl:1--iti-to /J:~,.::O).ffe;O)•cM~~A~--:a:-•~t-t~a~a~~:lt!!h~hO)~!/J:a:-Pjl:l-(::~~.::c7'.l'G~i:h.1Lt:o~:IHJ:j\1/jktklj:
7 7-;, Y 3
t:. t:,{J),a-'21.A-z'v,~ o IilrtJ/;J:«/':Ji 1v:ltl!.n-z'1'.i!En% n~:1,,,lj:'P00£:(l)fflf/!1/,, 7,, i-, -tr-r {J) ;< #1:~$1j:1&§!IJ
a-~*'liHY-Cv'~ o .::tt/;J:1/MM:t.J
i::t±~li91j::!tl!fft{J)j\1/j~{J)R~/: l;!Jplj:

17.7A1t~nt:7.1v-n*O)~G-t:lt!!:liJIG-z>1±,.::..1- · ;(:,,:7·7:,,f-':lt!!h1.l'G~-:::i-c<~
7PJ :iJO)MfHU:t,,f-L -C3-o-;,1{7'.l'G*An:-t~m"~~~tJ:i!'fiJmO)*ffiffel
t:t,cO)::t1tO)~vfE7'.l{,~~,z,tJ:t:~,oo1J;,, H!dtO):il§A.,,f,.:r:p:9c~0)~7'.l-~7'.l{§JL.t, iLt: o [•w l f-tlc lf,J:m1::+

5.JZ!llt-C'b,
r:pOOfl!/JO);;br '7-:77'.l{x.::.7 c 7:iJ7°Jv::J:a:-flfu\~GI:.)+:,'::J;()>t,~Jv-:a:-*IEl:!L-C3-0-;,J{l::~~7J·v-Mf}fl!/Jcffil:l-irb~tlt:t;!f!f:, J\17''Jo/ Ffl(J/J:if-7.
J-::io.::.7 JvO);[K/£7'.l{/:l:!:fJ!.
LiLt: oDIIJU:::tl:tJ.::(J)J::-'j(:,P,;;.1-::10.::.
7/va-'J'-9'-(llil);·::flt-CL.iv'lj:;/,}{lc,,fi,J~1:.::1ro,1.::/::t:,-z'M t!. 0 -3-~Al:k
1j:f;Jl±:st~cli9\WOO±~;/,}tfW~
ttl;J:t,&'), Jlll.ffif.1;:ltl!.11:{J)10

I James F. Warren, 194.

n

I litr!ll\lf(l! l ) , SlSJ'{, i.,(~1:li

359).'.{,Fl

12

I Florina H . Capistrano-Baker

Camo(ifrf<J'l'5E)O)<p,I•
c,, Casrro>;c~llllo

and Sandra

IJ I ~iii,

Mina Roces and Louise

EdwardsHU: ,ttlR;:ltl!11::~ht.:±:ltl!l:;e;G-tJvHl:,
Arl~l:~~t:IIHs:l'a':"f/iJ(tJ.> o 71
J t::::rc'i,ffiR;:ltl!xl!cBt,tt.:JiO)i:pO).i 1J- HJ:, ~~tjJ£t;tO)f.J1-C!liJJtlii

1

U.: o JJtt.i 1J-r ~il'l!9i$AO):IxJIW:,:,,-vo/t;;(;Js;,,(1,:,,:ro:,,) :a:-:b~·:b~--~m1:i-3.J:?:J",,~~ fl(Jtj,7, ) ,11{ 1::JJ
l,,737' (corchos)J1:~x. -Z-~AJliO):i'j\:1

fft:a:-/ii~,~377::,,, 7](1:j::O)jIJ,
ili.J~1,,,(;t~.lx*fH:~40)Jlt7Jl:/Zt--Z-iUliO)!JHr!i:a:-M!i-tlB*O)~jrtJ
1-1r7::Jo/ r (salakor)J'a:"~clO-Zi1fi',jlj~~~
1an:(i31::bG

O):tJ;,,:tJ;,,~HJL,t.:O)(;t,1JHi~-'f-f!il:tl -Z-,tl:1J~t - ft11::l.J:-:1t-t:W:W:a:-~~ U.:tiO)f:. t.l!.t:bn iT o 1863 cq::1:7,.i;;(Jiilif
il'imilli-t~t,
J;J,Jriil:t,!~ l -Z-1!9i$0)ij~~O)imofi'l:i!In
f-::Jv'-Z-~<O)t,,~~1:1:tIJiU.: oi%J:.5e:illii/{i1,j1jj'.E{l::l,
iliHi-i!tf!Jtl:~~;,IJftil'itx.~J:"?l:t:IJ,l.,i),t,5e~(i§El=lt:.0f,:O)·t\ 7;1,1J :h~::!--t~x.n,~iU.:• ,11{t,,t:,~0-Z-<~rffiAt.:t,cO)~ij 1,H-tio it.:.::1U.:rffiAt.:t,(i£~:i'j\:i/;O)::!lt~:a:-il!v-C~ilt.:o ~~1:t£~nt.:£Jii,

1.'f-ffl:J- -"F-C~~J:!l(f1:;fp:1tl!t*il
11:t:IJilt.: o1Wi',:a:-~- -Ji,1tJ;ffit?.::.71f.l;Hi\\ilvt:. • -'1:a:-~1±1l -Z-,71 1Jt::::,,~f1i'Hiti

liT o ~f,:tj-g(;tffl({tR; (1:,,-r1:tl ti:pl!J*;1,7--r1 :JO)rffiA,:ltJ!
3:.0)i:pt,,
G,i:piflE~80)J:.~a-t~A40)~• :a:-~lil~ o llt7J~-ih~t,(i, 1!9i$-Cimfri:pO)ij~~O):,,Jv.i:;,r'a':" IJAhilt.:
;s1:,

• A~

o 7-:fJ-ril':!lf-/tO)fil -Z-:7!-1ll1H:iolil'
0-Z-Jtil,n(i, 11b(i~G/v-c~:a:-,\\'.t:b-tt"iTo 1{7-;1,,(7,:tJ-~O)/iof MJGi-1!:J.>1,,, J<) (;f i), I) (;l:".:Jv'I:

t.:il\ '.¥~m-c¾l~~nt.:~At.:t,O)'.¥$!;:a:-Jut,
1{t,,t:,O)~J-1Rf~Hiffl~;h,~.::t(i;lii IJi-tt"/v-Cl.,
mmmO)i:p1:,;t::1-o,,U.:At.:t,t,ilii0t.:.::tt,,;/:Jt,,1JiT o l· l
1219 ilUc*O) 1898 c¥1:,i, ffiR;:ltl!
71 'J t::;,,O)ff<I00il'7-~1;,,t,,t:, 7;1,1J :tJ

il-:1!<:001:Ilt:b
IJiT o .:_O)tJU-Cl:JJtt.i 1J- r JfijO)fi,<W~.X:;if(:j_\O)t:::J;t,7-·7--o/'a':"~fflT~J:"'Jl:t:IJ, :,,-vo/0)1>\!i'a':";;(,r-·::,,1:
li 1.J:"?l:t:t0-z:-v,;tl.,t.:o !ft~*O)i:pl:(i, 1!9i$A0)7n:,,3;,,:a:-.::O)J:"?l:~,t.Aht.:.::t:a:-, i&ml'l9t:-¥~:a:-J!9Jt,~;s1t-t~~~:i6Jj.O)~hUU!ol~tiili.JIJilt.:

ol•1i l:ltJ!jf;£0)11{•;,,, 7;fJ·o:7·(barong
cagalog)j O)A~(;J:~x_-f,jji) t-<:tJ':7-t,:fJ77-t, tj:1,,,)W-'f-0)1/-Vo/O)I:fJ~-lj-• T' -f-/ (camisade chino)J (:Jt"f'jjJj 1'1'1!JO)::,.;,:;.,J
FIG.I

1;{ •::,,,7:tJ·o:7·JO)ffl(~-CTo 193 5 cq::t,,G

H ·/r'J-r·O-Jf-/O):,j(~@1:t/li

71 ') \:'.;,,JJttO)l!JR;R~ttj

il•tiUIJO);( ,r-:,>;,f!!II Ltc.:r:.•J- r
1'i'lll.l850if.,7'1''7~1'1iti!il1944 cq:i -C, ~1:. l..,f,:(;ft,, 1J0) 71 1) l:'.;,,~!IUt${ijjji$(/j,f0)1JJ{-\';::k~ffit:.
0

138 j 139

Count10 BeforeYouSayAsia

I AsianArtafterPostmodernismI

t.:.7 ;J.:I..Jv· L. 1T',I:,,(;!:, -0J'.\O):i'RJ-C(;l:7;,(lJ;/Jj.\O)t:1/.:f,.7,· .7.-'J t1,a:,,. >1;1J'a1"0)jilij:1J~~'J=fl
L, 1\.,f7' 1J-;;Ft.:i&m~~~~LiLt.:. o

1J7~0)mf.fr(i7;,(1J ;1Jff:IEl3-C71
1J 1:::,,,:i-j:;i!LiLt.:.o .:..'.jL
1:Ull".7'171'-c11, • y •-lj-"t (baro'c saya)J'tfiWJij17)- 1) 7~0)ijji~0)1/ Jl,,:I..yH:lnJ1tL, ::J
Jv·bHHt1$:l:Ut.:.1Jt~IJif.:1,,,iLf.:. o 7~ 1JMimT-Ci&!7filt-01l.$tl
ftiiJ)j'.c:~mi-~ifl.J..
Lt.:.O)(:ff1,,,,r!!ii$0)Jr~(;J::J'±il1~ A9:l:- ~Jt <i-j:;i!Li
To tHt,t~t L'"Cli, 7;,(lJ7JJ'.\O)<J.>~LiJ;iJ.,1,,,(;t)Mt;,tO)
J-:'v.7.iJ
t;frz~l:W

3'::1,• -;;•-it-tl:t -:::i-C1-\'::bI) iT o 1:nl!l1J!lwJ
t:Jt.JVl)!('.fi:~7'17,
t IJNt~@iJt
NJ '7Y J-:'0).7.1-~flltG,~-ltiLt.:. o 1908if:iJ,

G 1920:¥1-U:iJ,it-c(;t, 4it:¥•&f7JJ0)7.::.
7 · ;IJ-.::. ij 7 JvO)MrdH:~ A :::r:,,T.7.1'i)tf!t ;h.i Lt.:.o 1920:¥1-\':il'G30:¥1-\':0);IJ-.::.ij7Jv0)3e:==£0)~(;ti)t~(:(;t, filv'~l:".7.T.-7 .~iJ,ft, 1,\i;O)~v'1/Jv70)7,;1J-1'HI~, f-O)J:(:
f-.:1.-JvO);J--1,-7,;IJ-1'~11!:ti., fffi(;l:fil&>'.)-C~(ic:'~GJ.J.O)i'j:1,,v,o~*t.:.:E'HiO)~i) {~ -:::,-Cv•iT o /\OO)*;j:,tC:L-C(;l:,:lt!!:n;~0)7.::.7JM;l:{-tb -:::i-C, i1s1H~Uiii!J.J.O)~~O):ffi°il'.7.1.7.il'G~J.. ~h.J.,J:.'.jl:t.:IJiLt.:.o it.:.,.7.n-1' 1:fflv•Gh.J.>~J..~:lti!il'G-f 1J:,, 1-mHVI) ttv•-C-f7ry.7,0)fdJ(:

7 -;;-f 1J1TL J:Til'fflll-:::it.:.>tJO)iJ,~N.LiLt.:.
o 1920if:{-t(:)..J.,c:,1TJ'v.J(cecno)J ff<' -;,-1-Lfc- jjw1,,0)ij(¼J O)X):)(;l:fffiil'fil<IJZGf,:11,>777.,f~ J, Rli:lt!!
~ ,($:~-Bfflllv•O)Etn[:f'l~-CtJfli-:::it.:.~ L "'1~0)1,a -;;· -it..YH§'L-cffl v•Gh.J.>J:11:
t.:IJi-t [Flc., J o .:.O)IJ;f{-\':O)j-Jv.JO)?P-<,t,77:,,7,0)-r·tf-1-t--, 7)-:'v-Y. ·rf 1 :t;r,i)ti:!trai
1:Jtlbt.:.1,.,f 7 .7.· ;/Jy H:J:J.,fit~ t.:Fv.7.0)1/Jv:r..-;;
1'~ItliI)1}'7'JJ-:'~jiljjl:>tJL(;fL(;f1f:i'RJLiLt.:.
J-.;h.-CV•iT0[•14] .:_0)!jiQO))-:'l.,-.7,(;l:/\of-O)fi, -r-!f-1-J---0)7-'E:,,· 1,v7iJ t 7Jv.J~ 17:,,1::-7,0).,fij.::.:,,7· · J-:'v.7.
1:{tlJtfx.t.:.>tJO)iJ',
WJf, ~-t:¥(::bt.:. -:::i-C, .7,>7:,,7"'-J-:'Rlic:L-CO):lti!f:v:~*IU;j'
Li Lt.:.o fill~ ItliIJ;,-J.
L eyfngt,:~ L v'TJv .J(;t, 171 1J 1:::,,
J &Jl*O)ijji~tL -Cl!IRtt .:E5ftLt.:il>G, lnJll;f(:00~1¥Jt.:Rli~O)l&~mqf

1.:.t >tiand Sandra Castro (i/rf1J7)£)(1) 9't, ,Lt.:.o c-15J
1Jl:'.:,,(:~GLt.:.7;,(1J;IJAil:Uc1rc:L-C:MR:lt!!0)71
t, 71 1J1:::,,,A.0)71-r

t'lit.:J.»1/:,,;j-('Jvi¥]f,:-'Jf*~"'<-::Jil'~lv-Ct!EfflLt.:..:.titi, 'kl:Jl,

15 I Sandra Ni esse n et al Q)i:f:'~17 7

J1:roc7n ;;,a;.,J1:ll!! -t0Jliil

J/!1:J(l).hollt~ il't crJ'tc [f!!Ull~tL~i*v•.:.t-c-t o tt ~ / mt.1~&6(·;.,tg,t5 I~~:fJr~t.:tl,1:'i:iJ,G5tfJTLt.:.:r.. "(1, , ,0 ,

FIG

rj
rP

19'

14(

ll:, * lliXO)G oit,g''t' ;li,7'*. T ti :'li:
QJ~l:J: 7.,, l.lA: Homi K. Bhabha ,"Cultural Div ersity and Cultur e

I±71 ') :fJO)g:ttiJ{*.±.001l!
IJO)Ar.6t L"(0)3(]icl¥.J/j::11l!
fil i'~'J.::tlj:<,71

J1:::,,:9:ttO)!iJiL 1t,~'l!f i'~iJ{!JW,:: Lt 'JC:-t J.>li!ll.a!lr"f
Lt.::o1

Differences,"B. Ashcroft, G. Griffiths,
H. Tiffin, eds., In The Post-colonial
Srudie.sReader,(London and N ew

/t~'t''b 71 1) i!YRtttlff)t, ij!
Ul\'~t".:5.::t1:J:-::,·C 7.J.') -}]11)ElARttl±ffi!-1:

York: Routl edg e, 1995), 20 7.

:ltM±fi<'t'IJ){
i;~l'.t9ta:t9:l!FJHli-C.:5.::t1.1t't'/!<t::.
o i--'jl.J::.ij!U
l\'l±t::.t!.o?:,;z.~,C.
,IJ)c/!<.i6/!<lf1.1, IJ't'ta:<,frl:ll#i~'ii;i't~lt::. o [···l .::-'jl.J::.ijli~!l!'l:01t.:5~,
7
I 1J-JJA Rtt l±Rtt1~ nt::.ffiR::11!!
11):,js;'l11:~:fUt!lo/J
t L, ffifl:Jl!!ll):fi:tJttlfm:1:/;J

ffil't'IJ)3i:l!il\i'.t9
fa::ll!!{il71 1) l:'./'0)~1[.:5.::tta:<, ,!Jlll.ll)i/;[f'~~t,-::,f::.IJ)'t'il'>.:5o [, ,6J(1946:lf.) i){i/i:-::f<,::-:::>:h,,ffit.::,::;m]E~:h,J., 00*0)'7,(j';,,T1T1i-.±.*-fJ.,£,~iJ{1',t,,1f~~l¥.JJ/j::t{~i'JfUJJ..tL, tf &-tJ.>.::U::

J:-::,-COORttHJI.Jt
ft LiLt.:: o ~OO~c:L-r, H.::::k~i'~Lt.::.::t-r ·'i:i~
GtLJ.,::k~ffl7-'c/' •7 :\7'-lj-,(-lj-,( (1[ 11l\:1953 - S7!f.) ,±, 71 1):,,. 7;1fo7·0)~ffl i'tf& ~-ltt.::JJJ#~tL[tij~O)J\tl-r11:i- ~,::~16GtL n,i-fo1,o> 7:tJt1:71±197011:fU::::k~ffl%,::J:IJ,
71 'J 1::;,,~ttO)JE~t L-r0
;i'.\:,::
lf?.JE~:h-iLt.::o:kttO)T Jv,/ l±l1§"r:+0)7
7o/1/3;,,0)ffel,i,i':iaH~Hti-t o :;k~lj:~<·1Jt1,
7771 · 7' 1;-7 ·,::, ~,::1±~~7,.:tJ-r, ~,::1±WGl,i,O):;k~/j:19J-::,t.::1Jc:L
t.::7':fJ- r iJ{~ 1)-g-;/:> tLi To 196011:f\';il'G 198011:ft,::ti,1tt7 7 -7,.

r· v-r10):11J!
ft,::~ 0 t.::1;<JvY• ?Jv::i7'1±TJv,J~i' r v-F"'<'-7c:L-r,0;i'.\:O)~"fl±Yi:it··1t,-:::,{i.::ni'~fflLi Lt.::o i&Jrfii/i'i1r0):;li::At.::i:>'i:i1
l!v

FIG.2.

r.,-,i,; JO)flll(1929:lf. ) , J eci.--1'1!'
f Philippine Cos cume J ( Manila,:$'0)f71H::{IK1t,;t"to 1 ;<Jv:$'0):;li;,7.x.!v-r1-t;,,)'$1t,J.,i&/ffO)~mil{2111:

1995) J: ~r.6mv't.::1&,
198611:,::
l:'.-'1'!v· 1{7-,::J: 0-Ci&~3eftil{)@.::J.,c:,T Jv,/

140 I 141

Count10 BeforeYouSayAsia I AsianArtafterPostmodernismIO)~ffl t-,l,t;iE!
Li-t o -rJv/ fi!lt

flj Lt.:i&ftU:::O)J!m~tdt:-tJ.,{,O)cJJ:-::,

tdP G-r:-to

21i!!:~f:J-.IJ, ~'l!\l*!::7 · :./-«Jv •-r· · 7-\''7 2i!f:7'.lt-r1v/O)A~:/jii,5~§ffi'-t:iJHi/J0)5t;!IMc r.:IJii" o -r·lf1 -r-t.: t, fi~t$1v;;., j\i/jJ](:lfll1iJ~;.,y1J;,. r ~J /J9-r:t0)1 ,;t_7 AJt{til' G1:r..,;t_:=.
-:;7,ER;~w!]J(-=::11.,±w.r,:
1~~-t>!:-'.I[~-tJ.il r.:t-r1-7

ll'(IJkn ·c 1\17· 1J-:;Fr.:,1_71JvO)*~xY!-~h,J:

1,,J:5i&>'.)r.:7'.ltG,
71 'J l::°;.,O)l!J,ER;tt
Hlb-C±ili LJ:-)c Li Lt.:o ,ER;~tt
f:J:-::,-C(iEitt 'J HiH!l,.LJ:-)c-tJ.,~h,f;t, 't" 1)A r~{t~nt.:if!l!fgflf:¥,y

1,

1'17J:IW-=FO)JliUMtJ-.
IJ • t, ,( ,;i_'7 A~O)~N_ Lt.:1¥i$f:~Gi"7'7-r:t~~7-t·;.,y-r:ta~O)Jlioih-!l&.JO),;t_:tJ-r0)1Ji'~1¥Jr.:mh-fi-v-it1:ti,
1WJt
ffifo]il{-);6,;,jt;t ii" o ,:O)lflJG~f;t
77':11/3;.,-r-if1-r-O);-J-;-t ·t v- /f:J:-::,-cti Lfi'Lfi'll'( IJJ-.nGn, 19so~{-\':0)71Jl::°;.,;IJ;t~O),;t_-f.1'7-7,;t_O)
1

11,UijitO)~U-r:f;t,tcttl¥.Jr.:~v'il'ffit.:

f:fob'c~~~~-t

J.iT'-if 1;., t JJ:-::,-CJ.,f:tiOObGi\ -fO) - :;/J'f:l9i!f:~0)1, • -:;•-If--\'~, 20i!f:~0){-\';~1¥.Jr.:-r
Jv/f:~Ghl.iifikitcJ -1 t.:v''t0)-C·-to171 1J I::°
1ii!J1!.J"'-O)@J~{,;i!l!ftil;.,r.:G-r:f;tJO)ijit~ ;j(&>'.)J.,¥.f~
IJr.:frlf.-Cfi, mtti 7'.11 .:-) Lt.: 1fikitci¥J
r.:J1f.
1#c~*fflLi-t o tf;t1,, Ul!,ER;:ifll~{-\':O)J:-)f:,~5t~i&JffpqO):lfllftf:ffiJ;t,
L Hli~~-tJ.itv,-)iJUllJf;tt-,f;t~~ffl ~n i -itlv o Wffilllt~n, J\17· 1h
Ht Lt.:1fikitci¥JJ,;t_o/"1Jvil\ :im'/itfi-f-)
Lt.:{,O)~* ffl-tJ.i~ttO)JJ:v'~ffi
f:ll'(IJ:i6in, ~it tt~, ~l,ER;~~lii-CJ.il!!;l'm7'.ltJui~-tJ.iO)f:1fv,,
7n
1/3;.,{,1,ER;.±{tJ~hiLt.: o ffiLH±~fiil'-:'.)-CO)J:-)f:$5}{t~n -CfU3Gi', 19i!!:~H!l!~{tL-c,.:n1:mtt.c~h~:i6&>'.)t.:l!K~L~~IJii" ofikiftO)~Jl!Lc-flf:'.ieliti~:imt-c@c~~:ffl.-tJ.,lfllG~cr.:IJii"
o -f;/1.,-Cfi,71 1)1::°;.,Jt{t,clJ;bf:J-,fO)ijit~O)_il:
kitcttf;tc··.:1:;j(&>'.)G;h,J.,O)-C·LJ:17'.l,o 20i!!:~, 21i!f:~O)~iG@tEr.:1\,17•
JT'1-r1 -1-f11J;z_f!',-r1*· 1;;6,G*~H~-C,;-J-;-t· t v-/7'.1 1 ~,;i_· 71 1) I::°;.,O)f.:&>'.)1:-r·!f1;.,L, 1994~0)~,;i_-.1:::.1,-;i_j;:~-r:1«,;i_ r •T1/3TJv·

FIGJ*-t·'cv-,11:,u,::i

7 1•Jl::'.;,,~21,Q);,;

A1-.:i-AJ ~~'.l:tLt.:tJi'~~O) )-'J...,,;t_- f;t, ffi,ER;:ifll~{-\':c-f;h,£}.jj!jO)IW]
h'7--r;,;Q)$JJH&Q)-r-!f1;,,
if'ft ) , ) . 'cv-/'l\'( 19so[ Philippine

~J;tj1\1:1 1;-;; F~ 1tlt ;,_n.J.i-:ti±, B!:±1'19-z"#.7.
1--=cy::,,tjffH$t- 3&i""
19 I >t<·K.1<- 1<(,is:,mtt-tl!,iE*ffl*·li-f;IiJr'll~ , ll'i5i;f/l ~;:r{) flt ·'7.::«Jv>'?'A778 :::tft (l)l;!lpji-,fs;i;,:m.::7 1J;.(A(l)j il:if1J (JKli\:/tr Jct:'f-llililif.J,
2005 "J'.) , 8- 9 J.o
W,A,:Homi K. Bhabh a, Location ofCulture (London and New York:J.,0)-z"LJ:"?iPo f.:f.:JliUi/fO)Jj.-z":!fH:-1ifli
IJ,/Jll/.l51'19tjWGL-~1tu
l~:M,tj.B/;
DXttJf: @1ll½TJ.iO)-z"l.,.
,l:"'.)iPo 4'8-z"'bl~:M,tj.B/;oX'liJ
lifftfTJ.iO)-z''L-J:"'.)7.J'o S::"'.)L-t.:JU,~clo]iPv'ii""?C,Jt 1t~t u~nu.:~1;$:cL-·c 1Jt 1tl'l9tj§
i:'Jl~O)~h-~, .iEL-v'til'iE L-<tj1t,cil'~ "?O)liti':PA;i,,tj1,,,J
c-,sJ Cit'"?
.7.t::".f770)ffi'bL-v'±i/ftil'M&i;f;H:/¥-il'V'.iT
o1~:M,J Cv'"Jlll{%1:Bt/JltH:J.l

Routledge, 1994), 7.

T 1,-1,0)Mllffiul: lbc - ,\il,--::i<-:t'ii-z"~-f "?-z"To:lsJJti'.19tjl!JK:tft l···l ;:1U:ffll:~-f0)-h0)1.1\1,,,;t-'\>U1.1,GJilili~h..J:0!::
L.-n,7.JO)t:.
o J®itttj-\:Jvl::7.RJ§i.±.iH.:J::Mimlh1ff-L-n,7.JO)l;L ~~-r
1 , JEl.:J::
iR/mi'.191.:~ft~h.t.:
J OORi'.1971-r' ;,,71 T1 tj7.,'h0)1.1
0-CL1.1'iillx:-r~tj1,,,1::v,1;:-.!::c"ai:>7.>
o -fO)fl:/::li, Jt*iili IJli!ltlil!0)11'itl:~'a.":i:il;f;-tUDtc"tj(, Jt l\!«i'.191.:li,~'ieO)li~tjM'th-irv'-'\>, ili:f"tOO*h'Jtfti'.191.:JiJil'a.":fiL.t/lx:lLL.-r~t.:/::1.-'?$-~0)~H:i:il;f;"t7.>o l···l ;:tt.;tc";il;llllf$;!::~
x.G

ii l.,.J\17· 1;-;; 1-'°0)
1~1.flJ ~:if!H±l-f"?tL-·c ~IHl!I:'ii!l!tj J.ii! H!iJil'L--Cv'<cT J.,tjGf;J:,7'7 :l.:¥0)~:M,tj Z~>ltilb--C¥,~fljjO),&:
H.l'c--::>it.:U-

c --::>U!
!Jv,--c~<O)cllilt,J: "'.)\:, ~i,>--C-'fjcf:lifiiJM~Gtjv'Cv'"?!Iti*I:tj I) Ii L-tj v'-z"L-J:"?1./'oHomi K.Bhabha, Location of Culture (London and N ew York: Routledge, 1994) .
Hom i K.Bhabha , "Cultural Div ersity and Culture Diff erences," The PoJt-colonial Studie.sReader,
B. Ashcroft, G . Griffith s, and H . Tiffin , eds. (London and N ew York: Routl edge, 1995).

Salvador Bernal, G.R. Encanto , and Francis L. Escalier, PatternJ/or the Filipina Drw from the Traje de

Mat iza to the Terno ( 1890J- J960J) (Manil a: Cultural Center of the Philippines , 1992).

'

Florina H . Capisrrano-Baker and Sandra Castro , "Clothin g in the Central Philippin e Lowlands,"0

Encyclopedia entry in Berg Encycloped ia of World Drm and Fa.rhion, Jasleen Dhamija , South and Southe ast,eAsia volume editor , Joanne Eicher, editor-in- chief , forthcomin g.

·I

142 I 143

Count10 BeforeYouSayAsia

I AsianArtafterPostmodernismI

Florina H . Capistrano-Baker, Pieter Keurs, and Sandra Castro, Embroidered Multiples: 18th-19th Century
Philippine Couumes from the National Muuum of Ethnology, Leiden, The Netherlands (Makati City: Royal

Nethe rlands Embassy and Ayala Foundation, Inc. 2007).
Sandra Castro , Nipis (Manila: lntr amuro s Admini strat ion, 1990).
G. Coedes, The Jndianized StateJ of Southeast Asia, W.F. Vella, ed., S.B. Cowing, trans.(Honolulu: The
University Press of Hawaii, 1968).

J. Moreno, Philippine CoJtume (Manila : J . Moreno Foundation, 1995).
Sandra Niesse n, Ann Marie leshkowich, and Carla J ones, eds., Re-Orienting Faihion: The Globalization of
AJian Dress (Oxford and New York: Berg, 2003).

Elizabeth Mary H olt, Colonizing Filipinas: Nineteenth-century Representations of the Philippines in Western
HiJtoriography (Manila: Ateneo de Manila Univers it y Press, 2002).

Carlos Quirino and Mauro Garcia, The Manners, Customs, and Beliefi of the Philippine Inhabitants of Long
Ago: Being Chapter! of'A Late 16th Century Manila Manuscript,' Transcribed, Tramlated, and Annotated(Manila: Bureau of Priming, 1961).
Anthony Reid, Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce1450 - 1680 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press,
1988).
Mina Roces and Louise Edwards, The Politics of Drm in Asia and the Americas (Eastbourne, UK: Sussex
Academic Press, 2007).
Gayatri Chakravorcy Spivak, A Critique of PoJtcolonial ReaJon: Toward the H istory of the Vanishing Pment(Camb ridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999).
N icanor Tiongson, "'Costumes," CCP Encyclopediaof Philippine Art (Manil a: Cult ural Center of thePhilippines, 1998), 88 - 93.
J ames F.Warren, lranun and Balangingi: Globalization, Maritime Raiding and the Birth of Ethnicity(Singapore: Singapo re University Press, 2002).

I Session 3 I IJHII2

111.ill=M[U!lllnilitt•lli• ffl!IIUlli i'ii:1JJ,:, ·::l1/o/789t;.:=..:i- 7-.tv ,<0iJ,,m1t-Lt.:v'C.~,v, iT a
U-c-::>§
o 2003:¥, =..:i-3-:70):7

1)

7-.-r-1-.:Z:---C-H_t~O)ll :~f'f,£ ( Miss

Ko ' ) (1997c¥);rytf-1567,500*

2:.hli~~'B;;,js;O)m4f'.f'F*tL-Cliii:~tfi--C-Lt.:o -tL -C2008:¥, 4-/3!'.li-tt-lf~-X--C1l.fi;:f'Fo"ii( My Lonesome Cowboy ) (199Bc¥);ryt~~f-J15,160,000* r'Jv--C-~:tL-/:1-h,§GiJ{~0icilHtzv,f.:O)--C-T a
20§ 0 2007:¥, :71J 7-.-r-1-.:z:-,:1±1£-/:1-h-Cv>t.:*.!l!.~~O) P-o-1 ;,,,:7·3,\';i:
iJ{Jllftf-:-::,f.:2:.cil{;biJ,9iLt.: a t,t;.:h,,:.I.7-.-r-1.)- Hi7,000 - 20,000::!it)f,;,,,p---C-Lf.:o3-::>Ela 2008:¥, H_t~li, f/!lO)f'f,£t:71J7-.-r-1-XO):t-:71/3;,,,,:iJ,ftJ:-:>
tLt.:JiJr~~t,~f-J:iiOC--C-~J.,tL-CJ!OlU!l!:15~fiJJiJrl:t'!lllFLiLt.:
a tt~§EJ90)ftoC/il!tll:A
t llJJ('t.:¥>1:, 10 :¥ ra1O),c~ Ht t,J.,~f-JiJ{:>x:b-/:1-h-Cv,t.:

011r'!l!ttU"-oY!ll.,\'i:6 .:r.'E-'./•-t1v-Vo-,f :,,,~Jtt, J!Ol<OO:il:i5:ft0)--C-To~lliffil,W:fflll!l:il:i5:ft~1fiffil,
00~

4-::>Ela 2008:¥, ~J.,M~4;;0):t-'1'=.;,,,:7·--c-*.!l!.~~il\ ¥-1i>R¥>GhJ.,iJ,

J<:iltiJ~0)-3:jjJil:J:~.Jl!W:(20081!'
8,ll268- 10Jl 13 8) l:W:ffll(20081!'
11,ll188- l2Jl2l 8 ) 0)24',rl;"t'!llHlli~t,,tc , ~O)~'Ji:4'sli,20051!'iH,

ii-tt-1;,,,0)0v,--c-,:, P-o-1 ;,,,:7·H/li~:/JD.zMt~il{JlGhiLt.: a l lH,f~,i, 1](:sl:::tciJ:A,,t-:0-:iil'Jc-C.,!'ic.im--c-Lt.:a

MllliM:n, ;.,rn,7:0,:1!!:tt'lt,llili'il'tiv-J'-4'slllJ 0)1/l;Jl!O)LJ-/:-::>"t'I>
M , ~0)//k>t-flr~-C.
lliJ4',lllO)~A
1:~ft x.o00~3cvtil~O)i'irfHIH·
ll;i:l.!l,ll/!JaLJ:.lftc,,,

l.&11:,,C.,!'icl:t;.:-::,f.:U-t
9--C-T
a Cv'-:>O)M.l.li,-f-O)M~4;;, -tt:.:bt, 1mf-t~t;J:f.,..,,_O)tJ/.,\'/:6.I.-'f:-1/3TJv· P-o-1 ;,,,:7·JO);\'.:iv-:$1---C-~9, -f-0):i\!effli

Ni t,-C, ~o6-C{/!lO)f'r,o"/i0)~1g89fiffiffi,:}'t;6>-/:S,tl,-Cv>f,:0)--C-Tii'Go[·01]o, I tfl,f/,f1'iScl;l:J!J.7'0)iiJi~, L,,,f::i,f'f'J,.7,7,1v·'T-t".11, 7'!1'./i·'T'1'

v"i'-r, ,;-1,.-'.J,.:,,,77,*-t·v:lf?.i!,

OO~:>x:m£~c0)~-j!IH:J:-::,-C'.j/{mLt.:-f-O)M~4;;1i, ,VT,

7--r-17-. r 16;tO)f'f,£,:J:9 P-o-,(;,,,:7·0)mt£t,m1t-TJ.>ti0)--C-,-f-2:.--C-li-t•J;;:.-,7;;:., l\'i.&~'11','.l.1')7:t&-,,;;:..1.:r.1v-:t:1J:,,,>f-,s.r-r1D., ltl:q:i]i(l±\~O)~~O)p-o-1;,,,:7·0)h.iJ:G-f,*~'7=..)-1/3:,,,'i:,M.t1-.1,;-, i!-t•J---1/':,,,i!J>c;,7,sr?·

144 I 14s

Count10 Before YouSay Asia

I AsianArt afterPostmodernismI

~4':10)::i;,,-t:tl..L ~?'f.iO)S:..c~il"GH..UfO){'J':ocldi'@.i:n--Cv'i:-li:Iva -c:fi~-tt'fU±E'ijJ{l:.:tov,--r,*ElUt J:.O).:c.\!y-p-~I&l'JJ:.lf t.:0)-C-LJ;-'jtJ,o+nr±,

2 A ~MJt-t7.,-:..c-c-,-:..m;i,1-1'.:1:.:toit
7.,*.&0)<ft£0))!/'f'f!iil"r-'J!t1,

Cl..1:.i/"-:,--C<7.,c;Jt
x.t.:il·G<:T o + l --r-fO)!/'f'f!t-:..+,flil"1t x.7.,, F • -1;,,7·t1,:!f!;t.:l -'j7.,mt~,j;y7.,1t•fi:!f/:t.:T-"Z~mt~1:tlil·~l'Ji:-li:-lv
oc-:..0--c-,
S:..0)1/;,,;j-<-;,:.7Af±71/7~-Wrb'--?1:-t7.i>/.i0)-C-Til',
fM,-:..-:..
-C-~ML-J:"JCT7.,r • -1 ;,,7·0)m~r±, 71/7 c v'"J:lt!!~ttl:J:-:,--C~iJEtl
n7.,>/.i0)-C-t±~H±i'-C-To Lil· l!.i~iltO)t.:&'JO)w,lJ]!:~
l --CM.:*-I~il·G

gx_7.,S:..ciJ"j;yl'Ji:To +nt±, 71/70)1t,<""Ji1•0)ffill:.:to1t,--rf±,~-WH:;ttl --r-f-'jU.:mt~ ~;)(&':>7.,;i\;;folil\*t.:tism <Jil.l±l-li:-7.,cv•-'j$~-C-To -f O)
m~c,±Mil• o +nrH~filf'j:$},,(Einfuhlung)J'&)7.,v,t±+nl:£-::1<(empathy )j <:T o[,o3]:;f,:3eJ'rn,*El~*el'O)r • -1 ;,,7·~$f1U1:~~-:..c-c-,~M'f¥A~ rtx.JL
t>-li:-

03 I ;;ji:§e,&1::tHt<>f/\1\\ffi#J-.
JO)II{

7.,ev,-'j,j;y7.,'.@":~,~-WH'F£!/'f~ctigx.7.,m~t1,, 4-Bf!i'.~fiffit>nn,7.,;-tli, ;)'§fl'Jfl,:~O),l'.,J:!!!"i'fl'J/!UlH;t

S:..cHtll2li:T o -fO)J:.-C-,
I""r • -1 ;,,;:rJ
C\t'-J"fi'J~, T~:bt,, • --/J:J;,.tcJ':t riv·'! 7 7' 7-0)i', ~fl'J'lff,

1 ;;{O)fU:'i:cti g .:z.7.,
l""ffi!Jc{lMfO)§fJtcO)r.111:1t1:~
L-v'ifflifil"~i:tt.7.,

lJl,,a.i,>GJ\l~iJie,,O)li,'11 )vA.JvA ·-:..cHHl'r-t;,1717-c-j;y7.,b,-'j:tllfl~H±,
7·•7.,• --/J 1J 9-1 O),b l'JJJ~lF~-1,J-e-1/=1;,,0)~f-t1:.:toit
1l --Cv'7.,0)-C:I±~v'il'c 1t,-'j-:..c~~.,--z--r]f.

1:J:-:;n,,1, 0 r.,.s;:O):,;,,,J,:J7AO)"f.-•J;,,7'1vO)t,,O)'ff'F1:.s,,·c JI[
i.J':O)~jfi(~,1,,,1i'C"O)Ji!!J1.1:!l<f11tfl'Jr.,M,M;(J<J~ffi) t,<, (l§i.J':;)'ijfiO)J:-jl:Ii) r~ffl#J-. J 't'/'r.,e>lttt.l:'i,JlliM(
ifi!tbl:li;-:1,,tcil'i%'t'~-l>,,a.l::ti,,·Cif-filti~tt.-c,,tc::c-e~,1,0 1'.-r-E'ijJ{O).:c.t!Y-PK~l'Ji:ld o *Elf±, r • -1 ;,,y~ .:tt.:7.,{'J':o"iil:Ln,
7.,1:tilffl:bGi',~1!; c~-:>t.:4---c-ti,-lj-1;,,cc ti 1:1-··• -1 ;,,7·~m1t,--rL-i:-'jS:..cil'Y~il·Gfj;y7.,J:-'j-C-i""'o S:..0)-$-~il•G,*Ell:t±, {'Fifo~~O)fi,f1iJ~f:L---Cli:-'jfl11H'F~/l'.il'ib7.,,cffi:ti-c-~7.,--c-L-,do +nr±H J:.O)
fliiJ{'J':~/l'.,T~:bt,Im~.:l:.*L-,

MHt~flilJ{'F~~H'rv', 4-B-C-f±titm§

lv· ') 77';<.(f/i:,jfffij._J\ll) [;)'i,!J\
J (JI[J)C'(;>f:kt!, l93611') ;ij, )vA.JvA•,:f.-') ;,,7'1v(:t.tlilfiE::lc/R)!5i!li::ielillfllliMl

1:1>\\ffi#J-.:ll!i.l':~llil: i!!li.l':~lliJ(ll!Jlt:!5i!li1'f/is,
l95 31i')o
04 I Jl!iA~'ll'+HJ:.i1;:.rHJ:.11;:
xJl!i.Isl.~'!\'illditliilJi[Jltr~]e>-:>:l''t' i,~
t>Gr.:,,J[ j;jcl,.O)fc'1')1:
J f;)'§ffi'J'-iliJ.l:.il;:) 200 l1i' llfl-l; -, l8Jl: ofl(jO){'J':£J!lUHll*'9t!H:.:tov•--C:J';ti'7.,S:..ci""'Gj;y7.,cv'-J~ll'.Ui,.:toJ:-fM (!l<Yil!:lt,rmi¥J-c--tai:t.:*1.lU±,200lfjc:f:;fj\'~~ft,j'frii-C-lfflfli1tlnt.:ffil}.i,[""IDON ' T MIND,

tHl-t--<aa::1:1:,l\'i.lsl.li::::-er;,,,('1.,J,.i'-:>(-:,-Cilbt<tt.-l>Acit!il;i-i:,it:'61:, ~H i i-e!l*L0)1,
1t'f - tt - tt1:r.,o-1;,,7i-Ji11c,-c

IF YOUFORGETME.J[FIG.I] 1:.:tov•--C,
7' • 1/.:r.7)-0)- J,lftcl --C-C-f±j;yl') tll*i"-l>o '("-j,,-jfr;l)i-1:.sL t, I:'
i:i""'il\ -'f-~O)c)Q1t,<"7.,]f.~i'b--r~--r<nt.:A1:r • -1 ;,,;:rf,t~O)~$~-:,"',i,<J:.cil'Tl:iJ,t.-<>r.:<-c,M~ I:
31'fflL-c;,.tcil' -:,fcJ (~,!i:'/IJWf )t1±1
l --Ctv'i:To r,0 4J S:..O)J:-'jl:{t~i'i1fa~O)ti-:,~l'Jl~1t,{'Fo'1H4F~<:~~

tt• 2 I illill=ll! I

05 I GaryGarrels,"Preface,"

Drawing Now: Eight Propositions(New York: The Museum ofModern Art , 2002) , 6.

1,,,f!ilJf'f:t~IJ!'.
'a:-cl.i-WS.&1::;Jo1,,,-r1±,
Jfff'Fiftl:lllli-:i-CLi1 oJri~t'£il{i\'li(-/;t-:i-C
Li1, -f-1B"t>~··1.,H!}i-ltlvo L-n,L-f-0)- :;/j"-C,::.n,GO)$-~-n\1l!f~-/;t'/.)O)'a:-l!f~t.tJ:11:::m<JCv''71Bt0)
8"~'a:-, J!$-1::~ IDE
L-rv,1.,::.t'a:J!i!t
T ,-,z~ -Cl±t:t",-cL.d ot:::.0-c::.0):,,;.,~1/".lA-c'i)J!Gnt.:::.t-c-t-n{, ~1.i7-7 17-r-0)7-r-Ji!.
1::;Jo1t
J.,'1'v-l:/'7-H(iM?.LJ:1c'tJ.,IJ;\'O)~')j'>j>fJO)V-c"'.)CLl, 1f'frf/i0)
fig~J -4,~fJiT o -/;tJ.,lit't.lb m'llJi-Cv>("'.)j,0)$-{Jtl~tl:lL-r Jj.iLf.:oL-n' L·f-'7Lt.:Jt!lJR-C~fJJ:JfGnJ.iftrf/ili, ~@~~~ U~,(;.,,1,1t,,-:,,3;.,-c~1.,::.t-n{fflc'-C'to "'.)i fJ, -fnt:t fJO)~~El<Jt:t*~~Hs¥-:i-Cv>i'toO)J:11::,lUt c L-CJltlt -C~J.i-n{jl&0)1,;.,7-77,(

7- -C'to -t~b+~<,~t;tUit1::ja • t '-''-:it.:J:11:::,,;.,7Jv·e:-~J.i0)-n"fflc'O)r • -1 ;.,7·1;:1:,:t7 :,,3;.,1::-n,1tGnt.:cL-Cbv::i- P'~ftJ.i::.c1Ht't.t1,,,-cL .d o-f-O)*a=':c· 1t.tJ.i-n'o $!:L 1,,,-4,-1;t,ro-,(;.,7 · 1±iitrai
HU"T ::.Uf-C~i-lt!vo V--:i-ffJt:tf;(f-tt~··1.,Htt.t<t.tJ.iblt-CT o ::.n1±r • -1;.,7 ·-4,,~@ c 1,,' -:it.: 1/-\';., M::i,1,,,-r-t G,f O):fi/i1!1.~l lH::;Jo1,,,-r:m-n,nJ.i::.c
1.itv,1$-~ ~~ x.J.ic, 1,,,~~-4,~ tz,y-/;t~t,-n{LiTo t.t-tf::.ntic ' i-CI:: ro-,(;.,7 ·1±~ MtJ!~n-rLi10)-CLJ:'7'4'?
.=..1-3-7j[fi:~ 1'f.rtiir • -1 ;.,:7&m0)1-- 7 -t-.1v - 1-l.' ·~-:it.:'¥'-v

J- · '¥'-rvJv7-l::111']1,,,-r
Jj.iLJ:'7o 20021¥-n'G20031¥1::,MoMA 71 - ;.,

1

FIG.I

r* A a)'e'l'//RI DON'T MIND , IF
YOU FORGET ME.J /R 4£/,l /!i\:l;I:,

ffi~~if1!. 2001 "I'

1••

I 141

Count10 BeforeYouSayAsia I AsianArtafterPostmodernismI,\!!,v'iTo ~~f*j'{'F0t-:iiO)l;L {tifotL-c, tv,1J:%
jmL;,j:ft:h.lf, fftE~HHiT, iffia"iitL-Cm~.:c T G-z:~;,j:1,,,tv'") ~~ij{i!;~c § .z~-z:L.d a td:.-f:0)---Jj-Z:, ~~1¥Jj,c'-J;Q'li~-C:l3~, FD- ,(;.,:7·j,~¥gl¥J;,j:3e~fiffificL-CO)f~\!/Uj,GJt'3li¥J
ElEf3-r:·i!;t 1,,,1.: c U:>j,~0)-Z:-C,.:n;t-z:O)~~-Z:, FD-,( ;.,:7·1:r!~nt-:,f~.r<-c~iLt-:a Lj,LU,0/v,

7j:{1fi--::5ftl:"'.)1,,,-c:i!tFD-,(;.,:7·jt~~i'$1¥JI:, ib~H±*~r~i¥Jl:j_t§~;h,f_:IJ#)Vjl;l:il;IJ;l:T
o f7JJ.zlf20ffl:~l:/;J:.=:/3(,"j-;,j:;b-f;,
19201j::{{;,

FIG 2

1960- 70if:{{;,-f:L-C1990if:{{;I:FD-,( ;.,:7·1±11t~tl~:h.iLt-: a J!..tf,:139
l:KfJ;f,60- 70if:{-\':I±
F1/'0)'f±i;;

Courresy:,J,11.J:lt;Ji;;Ji:'1''1'7•)-

1J nlffi/iii:J\\'!:cB*~q:i,e,c.i:~~-:1--J',-f:L-c90if:{-t:1±7;,<
Lt-:-IJ-7'1J1v1--v-~iMtc-t~liJJfPJ-z:-to*~rilt~*O)f_kj:j:Jj.c' I) 1±, -f:;h,-f';h,O)IJ#{-\';l~tJ'JIJ 17C~E8~{f1JJ
i*nltif:J 0)'7-r11JJv;,j:~n -z:ib~c 1¥Ji(H:tt:t&--:JftLn,:t-t

a -f:L-c,-f:O)..t-z:,-f:;h,-f':h.l±JWmO)
iE~Ht~§~trK~H:J:-:,-C m!~{t ~nt-:1Jj-'J'

J-~Ml:L -C-f:n~ lmfJi~-tl:J:1c Lt-:~<h--z:ib~, c ffit~ Ln, iT o [,o6 J

1mJ~O)@fJi,J:IJiEi(H:K.zlf, m!~1ti-i1:cL..,i_;,f-:'bO)O)@fJi
o lj:-tf-f:nj,£,~t!.0t-:O)-z'·L.1:1j,oFIG.J-f::h.1±,]Wj!/:yjt.f.lfIM
I1:nx:.n:~-tl:J:"Jti=I~Iv-Z:v't-:, *139fUWr
cl±~:f4',I:©J'/i.61.;Ji;'ll'
Courresy:,J,Ll.J!t;Ji;;Ji:4'-1'7')-

J'/iJi!.;Ji;'ll'{ 1!!\/1/l) 2004iJ'%5:.\1:J:-:,-Cf
iJJE'.~:rt~bO),Cv'")D"1/o/:7~iltfiJT~£-~j{il;-:,t-:j,1:,t!.c
K .z~-Z:LJ:"Jo lj:-tfiltflJ-t~£-~j%~j,c K .zlf, ~i1'ijl:I±,tl'ft~jm L-C,

ffitIIJl:"'.)1,,,-cO).'i!l~"--ci!!!IJ~j,-tl:-~ev'"J,
v'blf~fi~iiil;~j,1:,-z:-to -f:L
-c.:O)Jx*'f'.1¥Jcii
K .z~~fi~.:-f:, 1:i:t-z:~!l!:h.~J:11:,*~j,-f:O) FD-,(;.,:7·1:;/31,,,-c~;ffl.
~-tl:J:1c L-Cv'~~~ -L-c~~Hi': L,~'fW:f$A-f:1-t~.:c-z:ftifoctttt~ cO)re01:,ib~ 1,,,1±1t~ c 1,,,1fffi!Acifi:1t~c 1,,,1fffil.AcO)r,01:,
fJrt-:;,j:00{;¥;~1'.<h-l±IT- l:llj,;,j:IJi-tl:-lva
Lj'L~*l!ll::l3ft~*~0)71J-r~:;,:77j:~~I±,-f:.:1:.&*'¥:!¥J~fi~~~.lb~tv,1J:IJI±, il=*'f'.i¥J~ffl J!l±l-f:1cT~bO)lfj,IJ-z:Lt-:a
f0J.zlfMoMA:7,(- ;.,;;(-z:0)~~4;;, 1FD-,(;.,:7·0):ffl,tf:8"'.)0)t'f:~Jl:;/3

06 I t::11';,.1:·1J1flilil'htct~=lll<J)ll,
Jr;Ji;l!i'Hl iJ (1\t!I.:r' • -1;,,,,,->i:l!l l

07 I ;\';Elt' fllj\.e'Jl:l!:l!tJil!lli\\,,tc

A1il/t 1:1J:,wo$:1i'r,:r,:O),H,l/JU-r.:
fjO)A!EJO)f,ji@l:i,r.:.-,tc Wr.:lffiJt <;M, ~itli;\';Ell:, rt,MIJ:r,:,,,1,,••~7.,~1[ --C~~ ~T7.>0YC.·-til\ Jl.fls:B(Jl:§' '?C, 1f.+"f:c ~ l'J:j',§~cA I!fuJ, 1::J--7.);.,-J-tW!l:!
L -r::i1,;-:,,3:,,f:r1;Jit--c
J, ,}t~~~~-t7.i.:.c J,
1¥:/'&Hlli<.:.t
J r,i:.<1ifl9t.::ll!l~t%rnLt"f:J r ,r-~.17-:tJJv-r-\'-ct-:,,3&~• •r.:•t#-J-6. ~ ~M-C! a , ,ttt!! Jl:ei"t>Uot c@Me'J-j-Jv:fJJv'f-\' - J, 1::i~o/:?Ac-f'O){l!!.O)-tj-7':fJJv'f-\'-J 17 n:,,fl, ,l],, ( Daisy) l:l/;slH6 . r,:;t;(~ @;!ii;~J 0)801:53-itGn n,;H ,t.:o-1>,<:,7 • 77~fHr

3:,,, ~{I,) slfl!il:;t;lt6

ru-&lffi
J 17),1\ilfl:-::>,,--cer/i lt ciliii* JHJ:c'O),~~ J 1:ffl.h-:i6ihn , t.:il' o -fhli 1¥t&H11i<.:.cJ -z:tit.:it~1:l--C,JR'frJ<;,liJ
rPlay with DeachJ

ttlil>f-~.17-:fJJv'f-\'- J -z:tit.:<,r::i~o/7c-f'O)fl!!.O)-tt7°:tJJv'f-\'JO)rl)';l!i'H liJ(!i<l'Jf.:;\';
i,_"",W)2000 Jf
7 Jl-1,-,65- 69)'{~1$!!(\17)~1:
. its

•

;l';Ji!.
1:;t;IH -Hliit tci,17)
1:l--C,effi~A rb6L6•1:~!r.:••-t:7:,,3:,,-z:Lt.:o -f'O){l!!.,:HJ:Jf~1-, 1J-·?cf-t- m:-r --to1* .&~ Wc::i o/7J, ib7.>1t>IH* .&~ Wc-tt7':fJJv'f-\'-Jo .:.O)ffl,h1rbl\'if!.
ft ,'l.i:.l!.MUi' kli!O)tr"JtJr"".ii-ltli, * .&itifti-Z:LU:Uf:t11iil' h7.imO)j(~f.:Y "f::V3(0)1 .)- :JI: El3*L

f-;,J;J(!i<l'JIH'iA""Wl/to$:) 2001Jf
12,ll-l,-,74-7 8,l:i,1$!!\1
17)
~1:.

"'(l.,>7.,c,\!;1-;bhiT[FIG.z] 0 Lil' L1JllO)fjoiftii),,fiiJi),%'j £0)'t"-\'7'.7>'-I: {- 0)08 I •t11~AO)t'fJlH:*5t it ~•:1t

H~W,!11,jl'.,:t.~Htilt-J-6.\l',~Jii!O)/it',!,Htclc>i'~l:1:r.:61:~L
c,n6 . ~O)r.1/lll1: -:o,,--ca, ::kW-atllllJ- iJ!O)ill!llii,
1:t)blt, rl'lrlll.1tl'lr
ill ] ()R)i\:)R)i\;k!jtt±ll:/i4's, 1982Jf)1.)- :,i~,ttRWL"'(\,,>7.,;bft-Z:lif.:v>.:.c,
it.:.::<::J,' tj:\,,\fytljj.~
j!#slt>"'(li[li)t:.A!fuft~mil,f.:1t,.:.tt.:t ·~~ x.7.>t, -f1 Lt-=~ Jii:t-tL --er±,ib7.i- k:O)ffl:fU
Hf 0--cs<£-~il ' ibl:JiTo[· 7l -f L--cMV-c-:::>
ffi~L --csM.:v'
0O)f;J:,
tr L01Jll0)1'fif/i
1:ri, 1't' -\'77:1--ft.J CV''?J:l:JfHffiID!-fr.Jil,t.:~h --C

t r~1J:ii11.tti'
J(Jltli\:'ff±U, 1996

1t,7.,t v''?,1~ 1:Sv'"'C,* ii&@c O)ffi{):),~ffiffi-z:~7.>c1t,1.:.t '<:Toc!f')l:ll'lv '. al'tcl\eElt' li\\G·t •i,17)

7({Y!c\t''?ffifill:~ktj:* ~il ' ibl:J1
f 7.>J:1
1:, * N.fi, 9'' 3(~:Vif~, ~ kJlj;;<,l\1ii!:Jt<iiff:fJ
rl'EHJ!l--C,,6tc'6

1:,

muJ '\' r;fill J 1:,,.-,tcl!'ll:IH

J.,~1:17)r,:,,:,¥:l\'l~i'6~1:t''t'e<,{'t.:%-z:j(ill:r:m i-t[ FIG.,]

o -f'O)~ JE~nFoJfls:1±,@ooO)*~ ~1:1r-tt--c1$~§tE-Z:To -f1Lt.:, ffiID!
-fr.~ n 00 ti1mlZIJ-ft.'bt.:~n--c,@ffifi;J-z:;;f~ffl

M>,U:r!!!\.Uilr.:ll!l5J-17):,11:'!J!;/Ji,::k
Ai tJ::ke,,, J1:llill6i'6J!IJil.~ffil7)~llJill!ilii;i,1$!!1117)~1:. J!)Jil.~.ifi +;\';f!.l)';WrMi:J<U-1:tJ't'ffelHAl:r.:6~1:J rl)';.!iHliJ (!i<l'JI.
:lleA""Wli!
:,$;) 200IJf irn-le-,I04- 112J'i0

1:e.JE-t 7.,::1,,c¥::J,'3(0)1tir:, Ji 7.>1J'r±, e :5tO)rc·ti~1-1;;1.:1:J
w~ ~-1;;1.:
1:J~f¾:j;Lf.:il>G~ffl;j:$),.
L"'(\t>~iTo -f L--C{-.:.1:~~i){)j\i;
1[Li To ffiLh-Mi:ti- fl;:-z:il;
l:J,"B'lllic 1f~il ' * :5t1r.-z:ibl:J,t! ~Ml ~ ~'b ~~'-:ii' -:,t.:~O).:.cil ' , -f tt.:.-f*:53'-ft.O)ii.~,Hf:l~tl.7.i, c v' -?O)il'* JiO){'fo"lifls:~O)!J'¥~ttt-:c§' .t7.i-z:L,d o[· 8l
0Lil'L , c §' -:,--C,~ ~T7.>11!!.1J'~Jfir~cL--Cf'Fiftiil,$fH'F~h7.iblt-Z:fiib~
i-ltlv o tl'L0~fi:i2-Z:To 9,' L:N:v''<:Til' , * N_O)§''l!l!BlfflLiL ,d ot<7.i o {-;l'V,rl37J"l;l:0.Z'( l,.1j1,,, J: "Jf: l,.n ,7.Jo {-"Jl: '(>;,'jv>/::§:frO):;jl:~O);:/::n' l±lt :: t.:v'o 130-n~1~;z,..
J 07.i "'I i 1~h-t.:i:,Ji::"' "JO)~ ~ .z t.:i::~148 I 149

Count10 BeforeYouSayAsia I AsianArtafterP ostmodernism I

1-tr-'11 ;,,JtiJ, 1:t:fJ;(JtiJ,, <t-:itt.:ffl!!Hf-::,--Cv'.l.ion:

~~tL

--CLi

1.,,-f-:n:-titnt''ii, .::..::.
-z-*aiJ,g.:l31tL n,.1.,0),i, fl!!::M-il'~.zl'j:<tj:-::,--cLt1,1c'O);f.@%f1397'j:[8J.JIJil'Elctfl!!::M-O)rdJ1::,Hit1:-t.l.>$-~~~&07'j:1t
hlitj:Gtj:1.,,t1.,,1.::.t,-f L--C-f1Lt.:~itH/&jg;-f.l.,.::.c-z-,
Elctfl!!::M-t

*

O)rdJ
r::,fs:*139tj:IMJ~tt IJm-f1t-t.l.i.::.t(:(li,J,tj:IJi-Itlvo.::.1 Lt.:IMJ,i:.,,:£-:11.,,--cFo-1 :,,:7'iJ,1:i nt.:O)iJ,1990:¥1-t-z-~ .l.it "' 1.::.tt, F1o/llt%~"-O)'f!t'j'IJtv,1:lfH:·*1Jtj:iJ,G, 1/Jv.J-1' ·«->-?.Y~Jv
7:iJ·:,,7·•'1xJv :-t.1(:J:.1.,1.,,;t:11~.l.im.Jl;tt~t
L--CO)~"f'.il'SHJlLf_:O)iJ'llilt,<90if:ftt'~.l.itv,1.::.t1i,~L--Cf/ll?!.it'litj:Hii't'T o ~Wflifi,JiJ,~

f~.zt.: IJIDE~Lt.:IJT .l.iJ;J.Jvi,:, fi,JiJ,*5t1tO) 'ii0) ~, *0-1t0) ii ,:m.Jl;
t,~-It .1.,.::.
t O)t'
t "' 1 ~iu{,.l.i'flO)t'~ .l.it 1.,,1 );':U:.:lov'--Cffi&0--C/f'f~tj:
AI!ttlt'~ .l.i
90:¥1i:,:i.i~*
a1Ht::M-0)~:1J,:.:lo
1.,,--c*,tr~n --c1.,,t.:O).::.O)J:1(:~L 1.,,IMJ~A..C'/j\'(:IM]i,)>f!,n,.1.,i,J,G.::.-f,*..6!.0) Fo-1 :,,;1/(i,7-r~B'/itB9(:(i£,~tL--cv,tj:1.,,_A(:c-::,--C'fl,c~(:£,~ctj:.l.>O)t'LJ:-Jo-fO)~flt;t'{JtiO) r•o-1

1~fltf1'FJ'b(arr work)j Cv'"JJ:I)'!), I_A40)Jvj(::f:lt(f/:1:1~nt.:'bO), ob (JiiH:) + jacere (:/9:lft:'i,O))j,-fl'j::bi:, I :t7·:h7 r(object)Jt'~.l.>C§ .ziT o -f L""(;j:(0) - ~}(R!!tj:jeg(;l:,-fO)J:-Jl'j:lJ'tJ~i,),GO~n.1.,,-.z~-z--to *..6!.(ig-::,--Cv'iTo

09 f li1Jllll!f(ll4), 21Jto
10 1

7- rt v'1ffll:%El'fli:~1:11!!,1~J:JL.-::,--C
Fo-1 :,,7·H11Ht-t.l.i*..6!.~tl'o
MJ:%ii'1 :t7'~x7r J-z,~IJmHtJ:1t-t.l.i1JtiO)Fo-1:,,7·,ut.:,

il-J.i89~1'!1:1:J:-::,--C:@:--C~~flt:-:11t,-f1T .l.i.::.tt'jt~O)M~tt ~~@IL--c~t.::1dU£i\l:;Q'rcRJt!rlftliJO)u1:.'£-:,fcO)i,, 1996Jj'.O)S:/::t!
-:,fcor1111.!jll::za;tli, i!!:Wli!!\ffifl'Jl;:O)"t',M,;RJt!J;/fffil;:O)"t'ilc,7.,o :)tO);RJt!Jl:Jt!J
F,:c\O)'/ltkAr.Jli,J(. :)tO)~;J,tj:li1JJlt
1:VC :)tO);/ff\'ll:~/JDTo o -fh.;Q'

1i6:
ft J-fO)'flO)~~-::,--CV'.l.ic'ii
g .ziT o -f L--c.::.n,i, *..6!.0){711':~RGi','/lt4;Q<[,(.,O)'f'Jl:l.,j',,;i1, ittn,;.,'fl-::,c- tl:l:'ii~--c,H.l.i.::.t-r-L.i:1o[Wl8flillaJ 1996"!'-11}11
2 8(5'f!Jlo*a1::1i:~~n.1., 199oif:fi:J;J.~i0)
ro-1:,,7·,;t, -fniJ{:&1f1±1~nt.:t.::.

I:}~., ,-:A,"t', >7.,1!\ffil:
fl!!t;:Gt;:,,Jo

B I ll'1Jlll1'!
(tt4), 201'10

15000)f±f.l:.t::,1,,-r~tH:~~-n,:.:t~§ffiL-CV'iT o -fhGtHl:41: L-r~i1fff~iPGC7)7;,,-f--:t17'17";;z.1¥J~~filiH'itJ,i.iTo i.bl.>Ht:mfi,.ttl:
11&-t1.>::.t-c-,
WffRO)t-j-*c~-:,-CLi"?O)""C"li~<,tr L0;lt~O)t-j-*O)v~
Jvl:fi/iJ.,:.:t~§ffiL-CV'iT oi.b'->
ff.P%:-C-li/Wm
Helv -c-1,,1.,tb N .zl.>1~GC7)fttf'an{m1,,J t~~hJ.,~
EHii,1~1::.:0) f ;)t~O)t-j-*(7)]..,~Jvl:fi/i0'?C Ln,;.,.::tJ

1:i.bJ.,O)""("

li~v'""C"
L.dn' o 1}';17";;z.0)$-fJ!Wff-T.J:"?I:, ft!!.=ttl:
bElf-\l;nt1f-{ET;.,.::t(7)~/Wli, ffi~O).J:"?~~1¥.J~ft-C-fibhJ.,O)""C"li,j:<-r,~ffi~~A Tl.>
Mi*l:1iJ~t~J.,O)f.:t v'"?.::t, -f L-r ,f (7):.:c 1J:;,7;;z.1:~.zf.:O)lilin'~G.t.i~Wr-C-i.b-:,t.::.:t,-f"?Lt.:$~~4- - 13Ult.:i:,li$~.-tl.>--<~""t"T

JiH~I:, 't"'?Lt.:~ti'HtA ~*ilbJ., 1-· o-1 ;,,~li¥Ji'Hlln\7:)71:m,-r*t.:L"?l.>19:i!itll:-::>v'-C~.z-r J,i.f.:v'C.~v'iT oflli, §'~_ill::m--<t.:.J:"?I:, 7 :.i7· i:pJIUt!!.
:l)oc/:1:l:!lJ'O)f'f.*.J:J.,r • -1 ;,,7~iW:j:fr-tJ.,§lf[f;;f.:r:.-'f:-1/3TJv· )-'o-,{;,,7J~:1£®LiLt.: [F1c.4Jo Ln,L-f0)7,frM:, 7:.i7~9"*Cv'-:,f.::lt!!.:l)oc~ff-T
N'.lWli~ih n,i-ttlv

hli.lJ~I:,o -f

17:.i7JC:v'"?N'.lWnt, tl:41:L-ri.bl.>.J:"?I:,f,til1,C7)%5:\i¥Ji.bJ.,

Hifl-J'.@:1¥.J~
i-~T'if'~f.l t L-rOO<.::t~:i!ll!ltt.:v'c~ .zt.:t.:ilb""t"T
o

J.,

I.
FIG.4

rmtt.mli"-q:,111..M.:<.-1c-::,a 1-i1,- ro-,{;.,:YJ~ 111.\1181.llt.
JIUli:l~tlt;frft'.t:41/ffi.
2oosJf.Ji~: ,t,J!U.!.\
::':

! I

1so I 1s1

Count10 BeforeYouSayAsia I AsianArtafterPostrnodemismI