‫ ⺰ޣ‬ᢥ‫ޤ‬ᐕႎ ࠲ࠗ⎇ⓥ No.7, 2007 79-98.

ࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ߩ࠲ࠗᢥሼᣂ⡞ߣ࠲ࠗᣖᢥൻ

Local Intellectuals and the Revival of Literacy Tradition
A Case of the Tai Language Newspaper in Sipsongpannaࠗࠨ࡜࡯࡮ࡗ࡯࠽࠲࡯ࡦ㧖
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Traditional writing system of the Tai living in Xishuangbanna autonomous prefecture,
Yunnan, shared similarities with those of other Theravada Tai regions outside China.
Under China’s minority language policy, it was reformed in the middle of the 1950s in an
attempt to incorporate the Tai into China’s multi-ethnic state. Since then, campaign topromote the reformed (new) script gradually led to its popularization and has become
vital for daily life of the Tai until the present time.
During the Cultural Revolution (approximately between 1965 and 1979), throughout
Sipsongpanna autonomous prefecture the reformed script had continuously been
supported by the government whereas the traditional scripts, with strong religious
affiliation, had been strictly prohibited. With government financial support, the “Nangsuu phim sipsong panna” (Sipsongpanna newspaper) had been released since 1957 using
the new script and has continuously been published until now. It was aimed to establish
an effective tool for propaganda of the modernization among the Tai peasants in the rural
areas. However, under the new minority language policy launched since China opened
its door to the southern regions in the beginning of the 1980s, both traditional andreformed scripts have been revived actively in several public spheres by the local Tai
intellectuals. I argue that the Tai language newspaper since then was no longer merely
the tool for state propaganda, but also gradually became the cultural arena for expressing
the reconstruction of Tai cultural identity.
This paper examines the cultural strategies of these local Tai intellectuals in theprocess of re-building Tai cultural identity via the Sipsongpanna newspaper. First is
how they tried to bring back the traditional script into the newspapers as well as how to
the make use of the modern printing technology. Second is how they have utilized thenewspaper as a printed media towards reproduction of the literacy tradition of the Tai.
I argue that the Tai language newspaper should be considered neither as merely thetool for state propaganda of the local development projects, nor as the newspaper inmodern society in which readers are seeking daily news. Rather, it should be considered
as a dynamic arena where state minority language policy is being negotiated by the local
intellectuals in order to re-build the local cultural identity under changing socio-culturalsituations.
㔕ධ⋭ධㇱߩࡒࡖࡦࡑ࡯࡮࡜ࠝࠬߣ࿖Ⴚࠍធߔࠆ䋱㪅㩷 䈲䈛䉄䈮㩷⷏෺࿾ၞߦ޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬࿾ߦߪ‫ ޔ‬ᐕએ೨ߦߪࠪࡊ࠰

⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺߪ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߩਛ⪇ੱ᳃౒๺࿖

ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯5KRUQPIRCPPC ߣ޿߁࠲ࠗ 6CK ᣖ  ߩ࿖㧖ฬฎደᄢቇᄢቇ㒮― 79 ―

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߇޽ߞߚ‫ ޔߪ࡯࠽ࡦࡄࡦ࠰ࡊࠪޕ‬ᐕߦਛ⪇ੱ૞ᚑߦߟ޿ߡಽᨆߒߚ [ࠗࠨ࡜࡯2006]‫ޔߪࠇߘޕ‬᳃౒๺࿖ߩ৻ㇱߦ⚵ߺ౉ࠇࠄࠇ㧔‫⸃ޟ‬᡼‫ޠ‬㧕‫ޔ‬વ⛔⊛ଔ୯ⷰ߿᡽ᐭߩ౏ᑼ⷗⸃ߦߒ߫ࠄࠇߕ‫↢ޔ‬ᐕߦߪ⷏෺⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦ඙ߣߥࠅ‫ ޔ‬ᐕߦ⷏෺ᵴ⠪ߩⷞὐߢᢥൻഃㅧ߇ߢ߈ࠆᣂߚߥ࠲ࠗࡊߩ

⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺߣᡷฬߐࠇߚ‫ ޕ‬ᐕߦߪ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬‫ࠗ࠲ޟ‬ᣖ⍮⼂ੱ‫⊒ࠄ⥄߇ޠ‬᩺ߒߡታⴕߒߚ߽ߩߢ

ᣖ߇ߘࠇ߹ߢᜬߞߡ޿ߚ᡽ᴦ⚵❱߽ᡷᄌߐߖࠄࠇ

޽ߞߚ‫ ࠝ࠺ࡆޕ‬CD ߣ޿߁ᇦ૕ࠍ↪޿ࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ

⚊⥄ᴦᎺ᭎ᴫ‫✬ޞ‬౮⚵ 1986㧦35㧙37]‫ޕ‬⊒ᗐ⥄૕‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬વ⛔⊛‫ߩࡊࠗ࠲ޠ‬⍮⼂ੱ  ߿ਛ࿖⊛㜞ࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ߩ࠲ࠗᣖߪ‫৻ޔ‬ቯߩ⥄ᴦᮭߪਈ╬ᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌߡᜰዉ⊛ߥ౏ോຬߣߒߡ௛ߊੱ߆ࠄ

߃ࠄࠇߚ߇‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖ߩዋᢙ᳃ᣖߣߥߞߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߪ಴ߡߎߥ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ߚ[‫⷏ޝ‬෺ਛ࿖ߩዋᢙ᳃ᣖߣߥߞߚ࠲ࠗᣖߪ‫⥄ߦ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬ࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ߩ␠ળߢߪ‫ޔ‬಴ኅ⚻㛎ߦࠃߞࠄߩᢥൻࠍ⛮ᛚߒ‫ࠍࠇߘޔ‬૏⟎ߠߌߥ߅ߒ‫⊒ޔ‬ዷߡ࠲ࠗᣖߩવ⛔⊛ߥᢥሼࠍቇ⠌ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᢥሼߢߐߖߡ߈ߚߛࠈ߁߆‫ޕ‬વ⛔⊛ᢥൻࠍવᛚߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߎߣ߇‫ޟ‬વ⛔

ࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ߦ߅޿ߡ࠲ࠗᣖߩ‫ޟ‬વ⛔⊛‫ޠ‬⊛‫ߩࡊࠗ࠲ޠ‬⍮⼂ੱߩ㊀ⷐߥ᧦ઙߢ޽ߞߚ‫߆ߒޕ‬ᢥൻࠍ਄߆ࠄⷙ೙ߔࠆേ߈ߣߒߡ‫߽ᦨޔ‬ᄢ߈ߥᓇߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬೨ㅀߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬વ⛔⊛࠲ࠗᢥሼߪᢥൻ

㗀߇޽ߞߚߩߪ‫ ޔ‬ᐕ߆ࠄ  ᐕ߹ߢߩᢥൻ

ᄢ㕟๮ߢ⴮ㅌߒߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ‫੽ޔ‬ᢎߩᓳ⥝ߦࠃࠅવᄢ㕟๮ߢ޽ࠆ‫ᤨߩߘޕ‬ઍߦߪ੽ᢎߪ⑌ߓࠄࠇ‫⚻ޔ‬⛔⊛࠲ࠗᢥሼ߽ᓳᵴߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᢥൻᓳ⥝ㆇേߦ߅ౖ߽฽߼ߡ࠲ࠗᢥሼߢᦠ߆ࠇߚᢥᦠߩᄙߊߪΆ߿

޿ߡߪવ⛔⊛࠲ࠗᢥሼߩ⍮⼂ࠍ߽ߟੱ‫߇ޘ‬㊀ⷐߥ

ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬1970 ᐕઍ⚳ࠊࠅߦߥࠆߣࠃ߁߿ߊ‫ޔ‬ౣ߮ᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᓐࠄߪ‫ޟ‬વ⛔⊛‫ߩࡊࠗ࠲ޠ‬⍮⼂੽ᢎߩାઔ߇⸵ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ‫ ޕ‬ᐕઍᓟੱߣ⇣ߥࠅ‫↢ߩࠄ⥄ߤߥ⪭᧛ޔ‬ᵴ਎⇇ࠍ⿥߃ߚᄖ

ඨ߆ࠄߪኻᄖ㐿᡼߇Ⓧᭂ⊛ߦㅴ߼ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥ

ㇱߣߩ⚿߮ߟ߈ࠍᷓ߼ߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬೨ㅀߩࡆ࠺ࠝ㧯㧰ߞߚ‫ ޕ‬ᐕએ㒠ߪⷰశ㐿⊒߇⋓ࠎߦߐࠇࠆࠃ߁

ࠍ૞ߞߚ‫ࠗ࠲ޟ‬ᣖ⍮⼂ੱ‫ߚߒ߁ߎߪޠ‬ਛ߆ࠄ↢߹ߦߥߞߚ[㐳⼱Ꮉ 2001㧦112-119]‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޕ‬ᵹࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣂߚߥ‫ࠗ࠲ޟ‬ᣖ⍮⼂ੱ‫ޔߪߦޠ‬ࠇߩਛߢ‫ⷰޔ‬శቴߦ⷗ߖࠆߚ߼ߩ࠲ࠗᣖᢥൻ߇ᔅ

ᦝߦ੽ᢎᓳ⥝ᓟߩ௯ଛ߿‫ޔ‬᡽ᐭᯏ㑐ߢ௛ߊ⠪ߚߜⷐߦߥߞߚߣ޿߁ߎߣ߽฽߼ߡ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣖ߇⥄ࠄߩ߽ሽ࿷ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᓐࠄߪ‫␠⪭᧛ޔ‬ળߩᨒࠍ⿥߃ߡ‫᧛ޔ‬ᢥൻߦߟ޿ߡⓍᭂ⊛ߦౣ⠨ߒ⴫⃻ߢ߈ࠆ␠ળ⊛⁁⪭ߣ᡽ᐭ߿ᄖㇱߩᯏ㑐ߣࠍ⚿߱ᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߡ޿

ᴫ߇૞ࠄࠇߡ޿ߞߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߥᤨઍߩᵹࠇࠍ〯߹߃ߚ਄ߢ‫ᧄޔ‬Ⓜߢ

ᧄⓂߢขࠅ਄ߍࠆᣂ⡞␠ߩࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ߽ߘ߁ߒߚ

ߪ‫߇࡯࠽ࡦࡄࡦ࠰ࡊࠪޔ‬ਛ࿖ߩ৻ㇱߣߥߞߡએ㒠ᣂߚߥ‫ࠗ࠲ޟ‬ᣖ⍮⼂ੱ‫ޕࠆ޽ߢޠ‬ᣂ⡞␠ߪ‫ࡊࠪޔ‬ߩ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ߩೀⴕߣߘࠇࠍ߼ߋࠆ⁁ᴫࠍขࠅ਄

࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ߩਛᔃ࿾ߢ޽ࠆᎺㇺ᥊ᵩ㧔࠴ࠚࡦࡈߍ‫ࠗ࠲ࠆࠇ⃻ߦߎߘޔ‬ᣖᢥൻߩ⊒ዷ࡮ౣ✬ߩ৻஥ࡦ㧕ߦ޽ࠆ౏⊛ᯏ㑐ߢ‫ߢߎߘޔ‬௛ߊࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߩᄙ

㕙ߦߟ޿ߡ⼏⺰ߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬ߊߪਛ࿖ᑼ㜞╬ᢎ⢒߽ฃߌߡ޿ࠆ౏ോຬߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬╩⠪ߪએ೨‫ߩ࡯࠽ࡦࡄࡦ࠰ࡊࠪޔ‬ㄝႺߦ૏⟎ߔᒰὼߘߩᵴേߪ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖౒↥ౄ߿᡽ᐭ஥ߩᗧ࿑ߩᨒ

ࠆࡓࡦࡠࡦߢ࿷࿾ߩ‫ࠗ࠲ޟ‬ᣖ⍮⼂ੱ‫߅ߡߞࠃߦޠ‬ౝߢ߅ߎߥࠊࠇࠆ‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᣂ⡞✬㓸ߦ޽ߎߥࠊࠇߚ‫ߩࡦࡠࡦࡓޔ‬ᱧผߦ㑐ߔࠆࡆ࠺ࠝ CDߚࠆࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߪߔߴߡ࠲ࠗᣖߢ޽ࠅ[⷏෺― 80 ―⚊嫊࠲ࠗ⎇ⓥ No.7 2007ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬D㧦 ]‫ߩߘޔ‬2. ࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ߦ߅ߌࠆᣂ⡞ߣ⷏෺ᵴേߩਛߦߪ‫ޔ‬᡽ᐭߩ౏ᑼ⷗⸃ߦߒ߫ࠄࠇߥ޿࠲⚊ႎ␠ࠗᣖ⥄りߦࠃࠆᢥൻᵴേߩ஥㕙߇ߺࠄࠇߚߩߢߪ

(1)࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ߩ⊒ೀߣ⷏෺ߥ޿߆ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬

 1953 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 1 ᣣߦ⷏෺ᧄᢥਛߢㅀߴࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ߪ‫ ޔ‬ᐕ⚊ႎ␠ߩᚑ┙⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦ඙߇ᱜᑼߦ

ᚑ┙ߒߚ޽ߣ‫ޔ‬หᐕ 8 ᦬ߦ‫⷏ޟ‬෺⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦ඙

ઍߦ‫↥౒ޔ‬ౄ᡽ᐭߩࡊࡠࡄࠟࡦ࠳ߩᓎഀࠍᨐߚߔ

ฦᣖฦ⇇ઍ⴫ળ⼏‫ࠗ࠲ߪޠ‬ᢥሼࠍ‫ޟ‬ᡷ㕟‫ࠆߔޠ‬᳿߽ߩߣߒߡߩߺೀⴕߐࠇߚ‫ޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᢥൻቯࠍߒ‫⥄ޔ‬ᴦ඙ߩ‫ޟ‬嫊ᣖᢥሼᡷㅴᆔຬળ‫߇ޠ‬ᚑ┙ᄢ㕟๮ࠍ⚻ߡ‫ ޔ‬ᐕઍࠍਛᔃߣߒߡ⿠ߎߞߚᢥ

ߒߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖⑼ቇ㒮ߩኾ㐷ኅߩេഥ࡮ᜰዉ

ൻᓳ⥝ߩਛߢ‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ߪ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣖᢥൻߦ㑐ߔߩਅߢ‫ޟ‬嫊ᢥ㧔࠲ࠗᢥሼ㧕ᡷㅴᴺ᩺‫ޔࠇߐ⨲⿠߇ޠ‬ࠆౝኈࠍ⼾߆ߦߒߡ޿ߞߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬㓙‫⺒ޔ‬⠪ߩᛩⓂ

ਛᄩੱ᳃᡽ᐭߦࠃࠅ⹜ⴕ߇ᛕಎߐࠇߚ[ਛ౒⷏෺߽ߥߐࠇߡ޿ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᢥൻᓳ⥝ᓟߩᖱᴫߩਛߢ‫࠲ޔ‬⚊Ꮊᆔౄผᓕ㓸⎇ⓥቶ✬ 2000:45]‫ࠪޔ߇ࠇߎޕ‬ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ߪ‫ޔ‬᡽ᐭߩ᡽╷ࠍ࿾ᣇ߳᥉෸ߐߖࠆ߽ߩ

ࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ߦ߅޿ߡᣂ࠲ࠗᢥሼ㧔5 ෳᾖ㧕߇ߣ޿߁ᕈᩰࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߣหᤨߦ‫ޔ‬᳃ⴐߩ㑐ᔃࠍᒁߟߊࠄࠇࠆ߈ߞ߆ߌߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ၮ␆ߩ਄ߦ‫ޔ‬߈ઃߌࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡᯏ⢻ߒߡ޿ߞߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫࠲ޕ‬࠲ࠗ⺆ߩᣂ⡞ࠍ಴ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ߩೀⴕߦ៤ࠊߞߚࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߪ‫৻ޔ‬ᣇ⊛ߦ‫ޔ‬ᢥሼශ೚ᚲ߇ᚑ┙ߒߚߣ޿߁ 8)[ਛ౒⷏෺᡽ᐭߩ⷗⸃ࠍ᥉෸ߐߖࠆߎߣߩߺߦ៤ࠊߞߚࠊߌ

ౄผᓕ㓸⎇ⓥቶ✬ 2000:45]‫ޕ‬ߢߪߥ޿ߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬

 1954 ᐕ 8 ᦬ 25 ᣣߦߪ‫ޔ‬ਇቯᦼߢߪ޽ࠆ߇‫࠲ޔ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ໧㗴ᗧ⼂ࠍᔨ㗡ߦ‫ޔ‬એਅ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡞␠ߩࠗᢥሼࠍ↪޿ߚ⻑౮ߔࠆḰ஻߇ߥߐࠇ‫ࠗ࠲ߚ߹ޔ‬⚊Ꮊᆔ೚ዊᣂ⡞ߩೀⴕ߇‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖౒⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦ඙ㄝ⇴Ꮏ૞ᆔຬળ 9)ߦࠃࠅ

࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ㇱ㐷ߩᵴേ߇‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣖᢥൻߩ⊒ዷ࡮ౣ↥ౄ⷏෺✬ߦ߅޿ߡߤߩࠃ߁ߦ૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇࠆ߆ࠍ⠨ኤߒߪߓ߹ߞߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᣂ⡞ߪᲤ࿁ 400 ㇱ⊒ⴕߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ߡߺߚ޿‫ޕ‬ߘߩౝኈߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ㄝႺ᳃ᣖ࿾඙‫߇ޠ‬ታ㓙ߦㆬࠎߢ↪޿ ⼏⺰ࠍߔࠆߦ޽ߚߞߡ૶↪ߔࠆ⾗ᢱ࡮ᖱႎߪએ

ߚ‫ޔ‬ਛᄩੱ᳃ᐢ᠞㔚บ㧔᡼ㅍዪ㧕߅ࠃ߮㔕ධੱ᳃ਅߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ㄭᐕߩ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ߦ㑐ࠊࠆേะᐢ᠞㔚บ㧔᡼ㅍዪ㧕ߩ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬߢ޽ߞߚߣ޿߁‫ޕ‬ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬1992 ᐕએ㒠ߩ‫╩ޔ‬⠪ߩᣂ⡞␠ࠍ߼ߋߎࠇߪ‫ޔ‬‫⷏ޡ‬෺ࠆ⁁ᴫߩⷰኤߣ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡞␠ߩ࠲ࠗᣖࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߦኻߔ

ߦะߌߡߩ࠲ࠗࡓ࡝࡯ߥትવᢎ⢒ߢ޽ࠆߣ૏⟎ߠࠆࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ߢᓧߚᖱႎࠍ૶߁‫ߩߘޕ‬ਛߢ‫ޔ‬ߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ 10)[ਛ౒⷏෺2000 ᐕ 8 ᦬ߦ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ߩ✬㓸⠪߆ࠄߩ⡞߈ขቶ✬ 2000:45]‫ޕ‬ࠅߦࠃߞߡᓧࠄࠇߚᖱႎ߇․ߦ㊀ⷐߦߥࠆ 4)‫߹ޕ‬ 1956 ᐕ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖౒↥ౄ㔕ධ⋭ᆔຬળߪࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄ

ߚ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡞␠ߩᱧผ࡮ᵴേߥߤߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬‫⷏ޡ‬෺ࡦ࠽࡯ߢᣂ⡞ࠍഃೀߔࠆߎߣࠍ᳿ቯߒߚ[ਛ౒⷏⚊੖චᐕ ̆‫[ޢ‬ਛ౒⷏෺

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⚊Ꮊᆔౄผ

⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺᔒ‫⷏[ޢ‬⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬CD?

ࠍਛᔃߣߒߡ↪޿ࠆ  ‫ޕ‬⚊੖චᐕ‫ߩޢ‬ਛߢߪ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣖੱ᳃⚊Ꮊᆔౄผᓕ㓸⎇ⓥ⚊Ꮊᆔౄผᓕ㓸⎇ⓥቶ✬ 2000:86, ⷏෺⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬2002b:276, 277]‫ޕ‬ਛ࿖౒↥ౄᕁ⨆࿾ᣇᆔຬળߣ⷏෺

⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ

ㄝ⇴Ꮏ૞ᆔຬળߪߘࠇࠍฃߌߡᣂ⡞⊒ೀߩ⸘↹ࠍ― 81 ―

ࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ߩ࠲ࠗᢥሼᣂ⡞ߣ࠲ࠗᣖᢥൻ

ㅴ߼ߚ‫ޕ‬Ꮊㄝ⇴Ꮏ૞ᆔຬળߪᣂ⡞ߩᕈ⾰ߣႎ㆏ߩ⚊ႎ‫ޢ‬㧕ߣᡷฬߐࠇ[ਛ౒⷏෺ᣇ㊎ࠍ᳿ቯߒ‫ޔ‬ೀⴕ⸘↹ႎ๔ᦠࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ[⷏෺ⓥቶ✬ 2000:86, ⷏෺⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬2002:277]‫ߘޕ‬ᆔຬળ✬2002b:276,278]‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖౒↥ౄ⷏෺⚊ߎߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ߪᎺㄝ⇴Ꮏ૞ᆔຬળߩᯏ㑐ႎߢ޽ࠅ嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺౄᆔຬળߩᯏ㑐ႎߣߥߞߚ[ ⷏෺⚊⚊ 嫊 ᣖ ⥄ ᴦ Ꮊ ࿾ ᣇ ᔒ ✬ ➏ ᆔ ຬ ળ ✬嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬2002b:276]‫ޕ‬[⷏෺

2002b:277;ਛ౒⷏෺

⚊Ꮊᆔౄผᓕ㓸⎇⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏⚊Ꮊᆔౄผᓕ㓸⎇ⓥቶ✬ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⚻✲߆ࠄએਅߩߎߣ߇ᜰ៰ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬

2000:86]‫ޔ‬ౄߣోᎺߩฦ᳃ᣖߩੱ‫ߩޘ‬ઍᑯ⠪ߢ޽߹ߕ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡞⊒ೀߦะߌേ޿ߚߩߪ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖౒↥ౄߩࠅ‫ޔ‬࿾రߩႎ㆏ߪㄘ᧛ࠍਥߣߒㄘ᳃ࠍਥߚࠆኻ⽎⚵❱ߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪਛ࿖౒

ߣߔࠆߣߐࠇߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᣂ⡞ߪౄߩ✚〝✢ࠍትવ↥ౄߩ㔕ධ⋭ᆔຬળ‫⷏ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬෺ߒ‫ޔ‬ౄߩฦ㗄ߩᣇ㊎࡮᡽╷ࠍትવߒ̆․ߦ᳃ᣖ᡽Ꮊߦ㑐ࠊࠆਛ࿖౒↥ౄߩਅㇱ⚵❱‫⷏ޔ‬෺╷ࠍትવ࡮⽾ᔀߒ̆‫ޔ‬࿖ౝᄖߩᖱ൓ࠍવ߃‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ⥄ᴦᎺㄝ⇴Ꮏ૞ᆔຬળߩฬ೨߇⃻ࠇߡ޿ࠆ 13)‫߹ޕ‬⍮⼂ࠍવ߃‫ޔ‬ฦ᳃ᣖߩੱ‫ߩޘ‬ᗲ࿖ਥ⟵ߣ␠ળਥ⟵ߚ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᣂ⡞ߪᎺㄝ⇴Ꮏ૞ᆔຬળߩᯏ㑐ႎߣ޿߁ߩ⥄ⷡࠍ㜞߼‫ޔ‬ౄߩฦ㗄ߩ઀੐ࠍផㅴߒߥߌࠇ߫

૏⟎ߠߌߢ޽ߞߚ‫ࡦ࠰ࡊࠪޔࠄ߆ߣߎߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ߥࠄߥ޿ߣⷙቯߐࠇߚ[⷏෺ࡄࡦ࠽࡯ߦ߅ߌࠆᣂ⡞ߩ⊒ⴕ⥄૕‫ߪߣ߽ߣ߽ޔ‬ਛ⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇ

⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦ
⚊嫊ᣖ

⪇ੱ᳃౒๺࿖ߩ৻ㇱߣߥߞߚ߫߆ࠅߩࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄ

ᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬2002b:277]‫ޕ‬ߘߩᐕߩ⑺‫ޔ‬Ꮊㄝ⇴Ꮏ૞ᆔຬળߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡞␠ߣශࡦ࠽࡯ߩ࠲ࠗᣖߦኻߔࠆ‫ޔ‬ਛᄩ߆ࠄߩࡊࡠࡄࠟࡦ

೚ᚲߩ⸘↹࡮ᑪ⸳ࠍᆎ߼ߐߖߚ‫ޕ‬Ꮊㄝ⇴Ꮏ૞ᆔຬ࠳࡮ትવࠍᗧ࿑ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ޕ‬ળߪ‫ޔ‬ቇᩞᢎᏧߣᯏ㑐ᐙㇱߩਛ߆ࠄ 10 ฬ޽߹ࠅࠍ

ࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᒰὼߩߎߣߥ߇ࠄᣂ⡞ߪ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣖߦะㆬ߮಴ߒߡ✬㓸⠪࡮⸥⠪ߣߒߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬࿯࿾ᡷ㕟ߌߡ࠲ࠗ⺆ߢ⊒ⴕߐࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߘޕ‬Ꮏ૞㓌ߩਛ߆ࠄ 10 ฬ޽߹ࠅߩ࠲ࠗᣖ㕍ᐕࠍ♖ㆬ

߽ߘ߽ 1953 ᐕ߆ࠄ⸘↹ߐࠇߚ࠲ࠗᢥሼߩ‫ޟ‬ᡷ㕟‫ޔޠ‬ߒߡ‫ޔ‬㔕ධੱ᳃ශ೚ᚲߦⴕ߆ߖߡශ೚ᛛⴚࠍቇ߫

ߔߥࠊߜᣂ࠲ࠗᢥሼߩഃᆎ߽‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡞⊒ⴕ߇ᄢ߈ߥ

ߖߚ 11) [⷏෺⋡⊛ߩ߭ߣߟߢ޽ߞߚߎߣ߇‫⷏ޡ‬෺⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬

2002b:277-278;ਛ౒⷏෺

⚊Ꮊᆔౄผᓕ㓸⎇ⓥ

ቶ✬ 2000:86]‫ޕ‬⚊੖චᐕ‫ޢ‬ߩ⸥੐߆ࠄ੍᷹ߢ߈ࠆ‫ߦ․ޕ‬ᣂ⡞ߦᵴሼࠍ૶߁ߣ
ߥࠆߣ‫ޔ‬਄ਅߦᲣ㖸࡮ჿ⺞⸥ภߥߤࠍઃߐߨ߫ߥ

1957 ᐕ 3 ᦬ 4 ᣣߦ‫ ࡦ࡯ࠨ࡮ࠝ࡯ࠞޟ‬Khaaw

ࠄߥ޿વ⛔⊛ߥ࠲ࠗᢥሼ㧔5 ෳᾖ㧕ߪᛛⴚ਄ߩ໧

Saan‫ޠ‬㧔࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬߣ޿߁ᗧ๧‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆ߢߪ‫ޡ‬ᶖᕷ㗴ࠍᒁ߈⿠ߎߔ‫ߦࠇߘޕ‬ኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᣂ࠲ࠗᢥሼߪᮮ

ႎ‫ޢ‬㧕ߣ޿߁ฬ೨ߩ࠲ࠗ⺆ߩᣂ⡞߇ഃೀߐࠇߚ 12)[ 2000 ᐕ 8 ᦬ߩ✬㓸⠪߆ࠄߩ⡞߈ขࠅ‫⷏ޔ‬෺৻೉ߦᵴሼࠍਗߴࠇ߫ࠃ޿ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬⚊ᵴሼශ೚਄‫ޔ‬㕖Ᏹߦࡔ࡝࠶࠻߇޽ߞߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬2002b:278;ਛ౒࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ೀⴕ߇⋡⊛ߢ޽ߞߚߚ߼‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡞␠ߩ⚊Ꮊᆔౄผᓕ㓸⎇ⓥቶ✬ 2000:86]‫ޕ‬1959ೋᦼߩታ௛ࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߪ‫✬ޔ‬㓸⠪࡮⸥⠪࡮ශ೚ᚲߩ

ᐕ 10 ᦬‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ߪ‫ࡦ࠰ࡊࠪ࡮ࡓࡇ࡯ࠬࡦ࠽ޟ‬ഭ௛⠪ߣ߽ోຬ߇࠲ࠗᣖߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᓐࠄߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎᏧ࡮ࡄࡦ࠽࡯ Nangsuuphim Sipsongpanna‫ޠ‬㧔ࠪࡊ࠰ᯏ㑐ߩᐙㇱ࡮࿯࿾ᡷ㕟Ꮏ૞㓌ࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߣ޿ߞߚ‫ޔ‬ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ᣂ⡞ߣ޿߁ᗧ๧‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆ߢߪ‫⷏ޡ‬෺ਛ࿖ߩ᡽╷ߦ⾥หߒ‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ዋߥߊߣ߽෻᛫ߪ

⷏෺― 82 ―

࠲ࠗ⎇ⓥ No.7 2007ߒߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߊࠄߘ߅ߡߒߘޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆ߩ⍮⼂߽޽ߞ

2002b:283,284;ਛ౒⷏෺ߚੱ‫ߣࠆ޽ߢޘ‬ᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ࠗ࠲ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᣖߦࠃࠆ✬ 2000:86]‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬1958 ᐕߦ‫ޡ‬ᶖᕷႎ‫ߩޢ‬ਛ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞⊒ೀߩ૕೙߇ᢝ߆ࠇߚߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬ᵈ⋡ߔ࿖⺆ߴ߈ߎߣߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬ᓟㅀߔࠆᣂ⡞␠ߩⴕߐࠇ⛯ߌ‫ޔ‬వߦ߽⷗ߚࠃ߁ߦ 1959 ᐕ 10 ᦬ߦߪ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߩ޽ࠅᣇ㧔3 ෳᾖ㧕ߦߟߥ߇‫ߣޠ࡯࠽ࡦࡄࡦ࠰ࡊࠪ࡮ࡓࡇ࡯ࠬࡦ࠽ޟ‬ᡷฬߐࠇߞߡ޿ߊ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߚ‫ޕ‬⚊Ꮊᆔౄผᓕ㓸⎇ⓥቶ

ߪ஗ೀߣߥߞߚ 15)‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ߪ⊒ᣂ⡞ߩฬ⒓ߣߒߡ૶ࠊࠇߚ‫ࠞޟ‬

1960 ᐕߦߥࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆ᣂ⡞ߩౣ⊒ⴕߩേ߈߇

࡯ࠝ࡮ࠨ࡯ࡦ‫ߣ߽ߣ߽ޔ߽ޠࡓࡇ࡯ࠬࡦ࠽ޟ߽ޠ‬⃻ࠇࠆ 16)‫ߪࠇߘޕ‬ೋ߼ߪ‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ߢ޽ࠆ‫࠽ޡ‬ࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ߩ࠲ࠗ⺆ߦߪߥ޿⸒⪲ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ࡦࠬ࡯ࡇࡓ࡮ࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯‫ࠍޢ‬⠡⸶ߒߚ߽ߩ

࠲ࠗ࿖⺆߆ࠄዉ౉ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ 14)‫߆ߣߎߩߎޕ‬ߣߒߡߢ޽ߞߚ‫ ߡߒߘޕ‬1960 ᐕ 4 ᦬ 2 ᣣ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡞⊒ೀᤨߦߪࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ߩ࠲ࠗᣖ␠

⺆ᣂ⡞ߪ‫ޔ‬‫ߩޢ࡯࠽ࡦࡄࡦ࠰ࡊࠪ࡮ࡓࡇ࡯ࠬࡦ࠽ޡ‬ળߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޟ‬ᣂ⡞‫߁޿ߣޠ‬᭎ᔨ⥄૕߇ᄖ᧪ߩ߽

ਛ࿖⺆⸶⺆ߢ޽ࠆ‫⷏ޡ‬෺ߩߛߞߚߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ߢߎߘޕ‬ዉ౉ߐࠇߚߩ߇‫ޔ‬ⴕߐࠇߚ[ਛ౒⷏෺

ਛ࿖⺆ߩ‫ޟ‬ᶖᕷ‫ޟ߿ޠ‬ႎ‫ߩޠ‬㖸ߩ࠲ࠗ⺆ൻߢߪߥ

2000:86-87]‫ߪᤨߩߎޕ‬એ೨ߣหߓߊ B4 ߇ 2 ࡍ࡯ߊ‫ޔ‬หߓධ⷏࠲ࠗ⺆ߩ♽⛔ߢ޽ࠆ࠲ࠗ࿖⺆ߩ⸒⪲ࠫߢ޽ߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬1962 ᐕ 3 ᦬ 1 ᣣߦ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ߣหߢ޽ߞߚߣ޿߁ߩߪ⥝๧ᷓ޿‫ޕ‬ਛ࿖ߩ߽ߣߢࡊࡠ

ߓ B3 ߇ 4 ࡍ࡯ࠫߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔ‬⚊ႎ‫ߡߒߣޢ‬ᓳೀ࡮⊒⚊Ꮊᆔౄผᓕ㓸⎇ⓥቶ✬ࡄࠟࡦ࠳࡮ትવ⚕ࠍߟߊࠅߥ߇ࠄ߽‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣖ✬㓸ᢥൻᄢ㕟๮ਛߩ 1966 ᐕ 8 ᦬ 1 ᣣߦߪ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⠪ߚߜߪ‫ߩઁޔ‬࿾ၞߩ࠲ࠗᣖߣߩߟߥ߇ࠅࠍ߽ᗧ

⡞࡮ਛ࿖⺆ᣂ⡞ߩਔᣇ߇஗ೀߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬1972 ᐕ 7⼂ߒߡ޿ߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

᦬ 1 ᣣߦߪ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞߇ㅳ৻࿁‫ޔ‬B㧠ߢᓳೀߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬1973 ᐕ 2 ᦬ 3 ᣣߦߪㅳੑ࿁ߢ B3 ߇ 4 ࡍ࡯(2) ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ߣਛ࿖⺆ᣂ⡞ࠫߦߥߞߚ‫ᤨߩߎޕ‬ਛ࿖⺆ᣂ⡞߽ᓳೀߐࠇ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ ਛ࿖⺆ᣂ⡞⊒ೀߪ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ࠃࠅ߽ㆃ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬⺆ᣂ⡞ߣหߓ B3 ߇ 4 ࡍ࡯ࠫߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬1974 ᐕ 1‫ޡ‬ᶖᕷႎ‫ߩޢ‬ਛ࿖⺆

᦬ 1 ᣣߦߪਛ࿖⺆ᣂ⡞߽ㅳੑ࿁ߩࡍ࡯ࠬߣߥߞߚ

ߩ⹜߇Ფㅳ৻࿁⊒ⴕߐࠇ⚊ 嫊 ᣖ ⥄ ᴦ Ꮊ ࿾ ᣇ ᔒ ✬ ➏ ᆔ ຬ ળ ✬ߪߓ߼ߚߩߪ‫ޔ‬1957 ᐕ 8 ᦬ 31 ᣣߩߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬[⷏෺࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞߽ਛ࿖⺆ᣂ⡞߽‫ᦨޔ‬ೋߪㅳ৻࿁ߢ޽ߞ

2002b:283,285] ‫ޕ‬⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬ߎߎ߹ߢߩᖱᴫࠍ⷗ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ೀⴕᤨᦼߩᣧߐ‫ޔ‬஗

2002b:278,283,285]‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ߪ B3 ߇ 4 ࡍ࡯ೀᤨᦼߩ⍴ߐ‫⚕ޔ‬㕙ߩᄢ߈ߐߣᨎᢙߩᄙߐߥߤࠍ

ࠫߢ޽ߞߚߩߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆ᣂ⡞ߪ B4 ߇ 2 ࡍ࡯Ყセߔࠆߣ‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ߩᣇ߇ਛ࿖⺆ᣂ⡞ࠃࠅ⋧ࠫߢ޽ߞߚ[⷏෺ኻ⊛ߦ㊀ⷞߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߚ߇[⷏෺⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬2002b:283,285]‫ޕ‬1958 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 1 ᣣ߆ࠄߪ࠲

ߛ߇ౝኈ㕙ߢߪ‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ߣਛ࿖⺆ᣂ⡞ߪหࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞߽ਛ࿖⺆ᣂ⡞߽੖ᣣߦ৻ᐲߛߐࠇࠆࠃ߁

ߓᣂ⡞ࠍੑߟߩ⸒⪲ߢೀⴕߒߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߣ‫ࠄߣޔ‬ߦߥࠅ‫ޔ‬หᐕ 2 ᦬ߦߪਃᣣߦ৻ᐲߣߥߞߚ[⷏෺߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޔߡߒߘޕ‬1979 ᐕ 12 ᦬߅ࠃ߮ 1980⚊ 嫊 ᣖ ⥄ ᴦ Ꮊ ࿾ ᣇ ᔒ ✬ ➏ ᆔ ຬ ળ ✬

ᐕ 2 ᦬ߩᲑ㓏ߢ‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ߣਛ࿖⺆ᣂ⡞ࠍ೎‫ޘ‬― 83 ―

ࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ߩ࠲ࠗᢥሼᣂ⡞ߣ࠲ࠗᣖᢥൻ

ߩᣂ⡞ߣߔࠆᣇ㊎߇಴ߐࠇ‫ ߡ߃߹〯ࠍࠇߘޔ‬1990ߦ‫ޟ‬ᵴሼශ೚‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ᣂߚߥ஥㕙ࠍട߃ࠆߩߦ‫ޔ‬

ᐕ 7 ᦬⚳ࠊࠅએ㒠‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ߣਛ࿖⺆ᣂ⡞ߣߪ࠲ࠗᢥሼߦࠃࠆᣂ⡞ߩᣣᏱ⊛ೀⴕ߇ᄢ߈ߥᓎഀࠍ

ੑ⒳㘃ߩ೎‫ߩޘ‬ᣂ⡞ߣ޿߁૏⟎ߠߌߦߥߞߚ[⷏ᨐߚߒߚߎߣߪุቯߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޕ‬෺⚊ 嫊 ᣖ ⥄ ᴦ Ꮊ ࿾ ᣇ ᔒ ✬ ➏ ᆔ ຬ ળ ✬

3. ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ߩࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ࡮⸥੐ߩ಴ᚲ࡮⾼

2002b:279,283]‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦ⸒߃߫‫ޔ‬1990 ᐕ 7 ᦬߹ߢߪ‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ߪਛ࿖⺆ᣂ⡞߆ࠄߩ⠡⸶ߣ૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇߡ޿

⺒⠪࡮⚕㕙᭴ᚑ
(1) ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ߩࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ

⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ೨ㅀߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬1990 ᐕ⚳ࠊࠅߦߪ‫ޔ‬หߓᣂ⡞ࠍ✬2002b:279,283]‫ࠇߘޕ‬એ㒠ߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔ‬࠲ࠗ⺆ߣਛ࿖⺆ߩੑ⸒⺆ߢೀⴕߔࠆߣ޿߁૏⟎ߠᣂ⡞ߩ✬㓸⠪ߦࠃࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ታ⾰ߪਛ࿖⺆ᣂ⡞ߩ⸥੐ߌ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ੑ⒳㘃ߩ೎‫ߩޘ‬ᣂ⡞ߣ޿߁૏⟎ߠߌߦᄌࠍ࠲ࠗ⺆ߦ⠡⸶ߒߡ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ߦタߖࠆ଀߇ᄙ޿

ࠊࠅ‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣂ⡞✬㓸ቶߣਛ࿖⺆ᣂ⡞✬㓸ቶߣ߇ߣߩߎߣߢ޽ߞߚ [ 2000 ᐕ 8 ᦬ߩ✬㓸⠪߆ࠄߩᱜᑼߦಽߌࠄࠇߚ[⷏෺⡞߈ขࠅ]‫ޕ‬➏ᆔຬળ✬2002b:279,283]‫⃻ޕ‬࿷‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ߦߚߣ޿߁[⷏෺

⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ᨎᢙ߿ೀⴕ㗫ᐲߢ߽‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆ᣂ⡞ߩᣇ߇㑐ࠊࠆᱜⷙߩ⡯ຬߣߒߡߪ‫✬ޔ‬㓸⠪৻ੱ‫⸥ޔ‬⠪྾ࠃࠅൎࠆᖱᴫߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬1993 ᐕ 11 ᦬ߦߪਛ࿖⺆ੱ‫ޔ‬ᢥሼߩᛂߜㄟߺ߿⚕㕙࡟ࠗࠕ࠙࠻ߥߤᛛⴚ㕙ᣂ⡞ߪㅳਃ࿁ߩࡍ࡯ࠬߣߥࠅ‫ޔ‬࿯ᦐᣣߦߪ 8 ࡍ࡯ߩࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ߇ਃੱ޿ࠆ 19)‫⃻ߡߴߔޕ‬࿾ߩ࠲ࠗᣖߢ

ࠫߦࡍ࡯ࠫᢙ߇Ⴧ߿ߐࠇߚ‫ߦࠇߘޕ‬ኻߒߡ࠲ࠗ⺆޽ࠆ‫✬ޕ‬㓸⠪ߣ྾ੱߩ⸥⠪ߪ↵ᕈߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᢥሼ౉ᣂ⡞ߩ߶߁ߪ‫ޔ‬ᄌࠊࠄߕㅳੑ࿁ߢ 4 ࡍ࡯ࠫߢ޽ߞ

ജ࡮⚕㕙࡟ࠗࠕ࠙࠻ࠍߔࠆࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߪᅚᕈߢ޽ࠆ

ߚߩߢ޽ࠆ[⷏෺20)‫ޕ‬⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬2002b:283,285]‫ⴕ⊒ޕ‬ㇱᢙߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫ޔ‬1958⃻࿷ߩ✬㓸⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬㔕ධ⋭⋭ㇺߩ᣸᣿ߦ޽ࠆዋᢙ

ᐕ߆ࠄ 1993 ᐕߩਛߢ್᣿ߒߡ޿ࠆᢙሼߛߌࠍ⷗

᳃ᣖᐙㇱ㙃ᚑᄢቇ‫ޔ‬㔕ධ᳃ᣖቇ㒮ࠍතᬺߒߡ޿ࠆ

ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬1973 ᐕᤨὐߢ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞߇ਛ࿖⺆ᣂ⡞ࠍ

21)‫ޕ‬ᓐߪታ⾰਄‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ߩࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߩ㐳ߣ⹺

400 ㇱ޽߹ࠅ਄࿁ߞߚએᄖߪ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆ᣂ⡞ߩ߶߁⼂ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ 22)‫ޕ‬ᓟㅀߔࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᓐߪ⸥੐ߩណ

߇࿶ୟ⊛ߦᄙ޿ 18)‫ޕ‬↪࡮✬㓸࡮⚕㕙᭴ᚑߥߤߦ㑐ߒߡ߆ߥࠅᄢ߈ߥ᳿ ߎࠇࠄߩߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡞␠ߩᵴേߪ‫⥄ޔ‬ᴦ඙࡮ቯᮭࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆ‫╩ޔ߇ߛޕ‬⠪ߩⷰኤߢߪ‫✬ޔ‬㓸⥄ᴦᎺᚑ┙㑆߽ߥ޿ߎࠈߪ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ਛᔃߢ޽ߞ

㐳ߣ⸥⠪ߚߜߩ㑆ߩੱ㑆㑐ଥߪߣߡ߽ࠃ޿ࠃ߁ߢ

ߚߩ߇‫ߦߜߩޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆ᣂ⡞߇ࠃࠅਛᔃߦߔ߃ࠄࠇ

޽ࠆ‫✬ޕ‬㓸㐳ߩኅߢߪߒ߫ߒ߫ࠗࡦࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࡞ߥ

ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬ṽᣖ⒖᳃ߩ㘩੐ળ߇㐿߆ࠇߡ⸥⠪ߚߜ߇๭߫ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓐࠄߪ㈬Ⴧട[㐳⼱Ꮉ 2000; Evans 2001]ߥߤߦ઻߁߽ߩߢ

ࠍ㘶ߺߥ߇ࠄ⺣╉ߒߡ‫޿ࠃ߽ߦ⊛⑳ޔ‬㑐ଥࠍᷓ߼޽ࠈ߁ߣផ᷹ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⷗߁ߌࠄࠇߚ 23)‫ޕ‬ ߘࠇߢ߽‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᢥሼߢᦠ߆ࠇߚ߽ߩߣ⸒߃߫ᚻ
ᦠ߈ߩ౮ᧄ߿⽴⪲ߣ޿߁‫⸃ޟ‬᡼‫ޠ‬೨ߩ⁁ᴫߦኻߒ(2) ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ߩ⸥੐ߩ಴ᚲ

ߡ‫ࠗ࠲ࠆߌ߅ߦ࡯࠽ࡦࡄࡦ࠰ࡊࠪޔ‬ᢥሼߩ૶޿ᣇ

― 84 ―

࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ߦឝタߐࠇࠆ⸥੐ߩ಴ᚲߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢ߈ߊ࠲ࠗ⎇ⓥ No.7 2007

1.5 ⷺ‫৻ޔ‬ᐕߩ⾼⺒ᢱߪ 16 ర㧔2000 ᐕ 8 ᦬✬㓸ੑߟߦಽߌࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬৻ߟߪ‫ޔ‬వߦ߽⸅ࠇߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆ᣂ⡞߆ࠄ⠪߆ࠄߩ⡞߈ขࠅ㧕ߢ߆ߥࠅ቟ଔߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬2000 ᐕߩ⠡⸶ߢ޽ࠆ‫⸥ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬੐ߩౝኈߪ‫ޔ‬ਥߦ౏⊛

8 ᦬ߩᤨὐߢߪ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ߪ੖ජㇱೀⴕߐࠇ‫ࠪޔ‬

ߥⷙೣ߿ᴺᓞ‫ߥ⊛౏ޔ‬ળ⼏ߥߤߦ㑐ߒߡߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ฦ࿾ߩ⾼⺒੍⚂⠪ߦ㈩㆐ߐࠇߡ޿

߽߁৻ߟߪ‫⸥ޔ‬⠪ߚߜߦࠃߞߡ⋥ធข᧚ߐࠇᦠ

ࠆ‫ߒ↳⺒⾼ޕ‬ㄟߺߪᯏ㑐ߢߥߐࠇࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠇ߫‫ޔ‬߆ࠇߚ⸥੐ߢ޽ࠆ‫⸥ߚࠇ߆ᦠޕ‬੐ߪ✬㓸⠪ߦࠃߞ୘ੱߢߥߐࠇࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠆ㧔2000 ᐕ 8 ᦬✬㓸⠪߆ߡ✬㓸ߐࠇࠆ‫✬ޕ‬㓸⠪ߦࠃࠇ߫‫ߦࠄߐߪߦᤨޔ‬਄ࠄߩ⡞߈ขࠅ㧕‫ޕ‬૏ߩᯏ㑐ߦࠃߞߡ⸥੐߇࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢߐࠇߨ߫ߥࠄߥ ೨ㅀߩࠃ߁ߦ‫⊒ޔ‬ೀ೨ߦ᳿߼ࠄࠇߚᣇ㊎ߩਛߢ޿ߎߣ߽޽ࠆߣ޿߁‫ޔߛߚޕ‬਄૏ᯏ㑐ߦࠃࠆ࠴ࠚ

ߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬࿾రߩႎ㆏ߪㄘ᧛ࠍਥߣߒㄘ᳃ࠍਥߚࠆኻ⽎࠶ࠢߪߘࠇ߶ߤ෩ߒߊߪߥ޿ߣߩߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߣߔࠆ‫⷏[ ߚ޿ߡߒߣޠ‬෺

㧔2000 ᐕ 8 ᦬✬㓸⠪߆ࠄߩ⡞߈ขࠅ㧕‫ޕ‬✬➏ᆔຬળ✬2002:277]‫⷏ޡޕ‬෺⸥੐ߩណ↪ߣ✬㓸ߦ㑐ߔࠆታ⾰਄ߩ᳿ቯᮭࠍᜬ

⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ
⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ

ᔒ‫ޔߣࠆࠃߦޢ‬࿶ୟ⊛ᄙᢙߩ⺒⠪ߪㄘ᧛ዬ૑⠪ߢߟߩߪ‫✬ޔ‬㓸⠪ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔߚ߹ޕ‬⒳㘃ߩ޽ࠆߣ޿߁[⷏෺⸥੐ࠍタߖࠆ߆ߥߤߦߟ޿ߡ߽‫ޔ‬ᓐߦߪ߆ߥࠅᒝ

ળ✬2002b:284]‫ޕ‬⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬ޿ᮭ㒢߇޽ࠆ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬‫ޟ‬ᄖ࿖ߩ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬ‫ޟߣޠ‬⍴ᣂᢥሼߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ഃ↢ᦼࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ቇᩞᢎ⢒߿࿾ၞ߳޿࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬ‫ࠍࡓ࡜ࠦ߁޿ߣޠ‬ഃ⸳ߒߚߩߪᓐߢ޽ߩᢎᏧᵷ㆜ߥߤ᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᣇᴺߢ᳃ⴐ߳ߩ᥉෸߇⹜ߺ

ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓐߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ࠍࠃࠅ㕙⊕ߊߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ࠄࠇߎޔ‬ࠄࠇߚ‫ࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᢥൻᄢ㕟๮ਛߦᣂᢥሼᢎ⢒ߩࠦ࡜ࡓࠍઃߌട߃ߚߩߛߣ޿߁㧔2000 ᐕ 8 ᦬✬߇ਛᱛߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫ޔ‬1960 ᐕઍએ೨ߦᢎ⢒ࠍฃ㓸⠪߆ࠄߩ⡞߈ขࠅ㧕‫ޕ‬ߌߚ਎ઍ㧔⃻࿷߅ࠃߘ 50 ᱦએ਄㧕ߪ߶ߣࠎߤ߇ᣂ

ਛ࿖ߩઁߩዋᢙ᳃ᣖ࿾ၞߢ૞ࠄࠇߚᣂ⡞ߣห᭽ᢥሼࠍ⺒߻ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣂᢥሼᢎ⢒ߪ‫ޔ‬1980 ᐕߦ‫ߩ࡯࠽ࡦࡄࡦ࠰ࡊࠪޔ‬ᣂ⡞␠߇ೀⴕߒߚᣂ⡞ߪ‫ޔ‬ઍߦᓳᵴߒߚ߇‫⃻ޔ‬࿷‫޿⧯ޔ‬਎ઍߪ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ߦർ੩߽߳ᐕੑ࿁ㅍࠄࠇࠆ 24)‫࡯࠽ࡦࡄࡦ࠰ࡊࠪޕ‬ౝోߊ㑐ᔃߩߥ޿⠪߽ᄙ޿‫ޕ‬ᣂߚߦᓳᵴߒߚᣂᢥሼ

ߩ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬߣߪ޿߃‫߇ࠇߘޔ‬ਛᄩߦㅍࠄࠇࠆߣࠊ

ᢎ⢒ߪ‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߩߣߎࠈ޽߹ࠅ޿߈ߣߤ޿ߡ޿ߥ߆

߆ߞߡ޿ࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖ߩਛᄩߩ᡽╷࡮ᣇ㊎ߦߩߞߣߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᣂᢥሼᢎ⢒ߪㅳߦ 1 ᤨ㑆ߩߺߢ‫ߡోߚ߹ޔ‬ߞߡ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ਛ࿖ౝߩ৻ዋᢙ᳃ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺߣߒߡߩ┙ߩቇᩞߢᢎ߃ࠄࠇߚࠊߌߢߪߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᣂᢥሼߢ႐ߦߚߞߡ⸥੐ࠍᦠ޿ߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇ

ᦠ߆ࠇߚ⺒ߺ‛ࠍ⺒߻⢻ജߪ⢒ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ߥ߆ߞ

ߨ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ߛࠈ߁ 25)‫✬ޕ‬㓸⠪ߪߘߩ஥㕙ߦ߽⠨ߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫⃻ޔߚ߹ޕ‬࿷‫ޔ‬ᓐࠄߪ࠹࡟ࡆ߆ࠄᖱႎ

ᘦߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ࠍᔅⷐߣߒߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ࠍ⺒߻ߩߪ‫ޔ‬50 ᱦએ਄ߩㄘ᳃ߣ޿߁ߎߣ

(3) ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ߩ⾼⺒⠪⷏෺ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬⚊ႎ␠ߩೀⴕߔࠆᣂ⡞ߪ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆ᣂ⡞߽߹ߚ‫✬ޔ‬㓸⠪ߦࠃࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ߩ⾼⺒⠪ߪ‫ࠚ࠴ޔ‬࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞߽৻⥸ߩᦠᐫ߿ⴝ㗡ߢᄁࠄࠇࠆߎߣߪ

ࡦ࡞ࡦߣࡓࡦࡂ࡯ࠗߩ⠪߇ᄙ޿ߣ޿߁‫ߩߎޕ‬ℂ↱

ߥ޿‫৻ޕࠆ޽ߢ⺒⾼⚂੍ߡߴߔޕ‬ㇱߩ⽼ᄁଔᩰߪߣߒߡߪ‫ߩߎޔߕ߹ޔ‬ੑߟߩࡓࡦ߇‫ࡄࡦ࠰ࡊࠪޔ‬― 85 ―

ࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ߩ࠲ࠗᢥሼᣂ⡞ߣ࠲ࠗᣖᢥൻ

ࡦ࠽࡯ߢᦨ߽ੱญ߇ᄙ޿ߣ޿߁ὐ߇޽ߍࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ߥߤߩᷓ޿᱑ㄫࠍฃߌࠆ⸥੐ࠦ࡯࠽࡯ࠍ߽ߞߡ‫ޔ‬߹ߚ‫␠ߩ࡯࠽ࡦࡄࡦ࠰ࡊࠪޔ‬ળ࡮⚻ᷣߩਛᔃߢ޽

⹞᱌࡮ᢔᢥ࡮᳃㑆᡿੐ࠍタߖ‫ޔ‬ᱧผ਄ߩ᦭ฬੱ࡮

ࠆߎߩੑߟߩࡓࡦߪ‫ޔ‬ᣣᏱ↢ᵴߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ṽᣖߩ߅߽ߒࠈ޿࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬ࡮㘑࿯ੱᖱࠍ⚫੺ߒ‫ޔ‬ዊ⺑ࠍㄭઍ⊛↢ᵴߩᓇ㗀߇ᒝ޿‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫ߩߎޔ‬ੑߟߩࡓឝタߒ‫ޔ‬᳃ᣖᢥൻࠍ⊒឴ߒ‫ޔ‬ᢥൻ↢ᵴࠍ⼾ንߦߒ‫ޔ‬ࡦߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ߦࠃࠆᖱႎ߇ᔅⷐߣߐࠇࠆߣ

␠ળਥ⟵ᢥൻߩ㒯࿾ࠍ❥ᩕߐߖ‫␹♖ޔ‬ᢥ᣿ᑪ⸳ࠍ

⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ଦㅴߒ‫ޔ‬ฦ᳃ᣖߩᢥቇߩᣂߒߊ಴ߡ߈ߚఝࠇߚੱ
‛ࠍ⢒ߡ‫⷏ޔ‬෺(4) ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ߩ⚕㕙᭴ᚑ⚊ߩ⍮ฬᐲࠍ᜛ᄢߔࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ޠ‬✬㓸⠪ߦࠃࠇ߫‫╙ޔ‬྾㕙ߦߪࠞࡓ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊ

 1978 ᐕ 12 ᦬ߩਛ࿖౒↥ౄ╙ච৻ዯਛᄩᆔຬળ

Kham Khap ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ᭽ᑼߩ⹞࡮᱌㧔4 ෳᾖ㧕‫ޔ‬╙ਃᰴో૕ળ⼏એ㒠‫ޔ‬࿶ୟ⊛ᄙᢙߩ⺒⠪ߪㄘ᧛ዬ࠾ࡗ࡯ࠗ Ni-yaay ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆዊ⺑‫ࡦ࠰࡮ࡓࠞޔ‬૑⠪ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ〯߹߃ߡ‫ߢ߹ࠇߘޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆ᣂ⡞

Kham Son ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ੽ᢎߩᢎ߃‫࡮ࡦࡈ࡮ࡓࠞޔ‬ߣᄖ߆ࠄߩ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬߩ⠡⸶ߦో㕙⊛ߦଐ᜚ߒߡ޿

ࡠ࡯ࠢ Kham Hun Lok ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆߎߣࠊߑߥߤ‫ޔ‬ߚ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ߩ૞ࠅᣇࠍᄌ߃‫ޔ‬࿾ర࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬߩಽ

࠲ࠗᣖߩવ⛔⊛ᢥൻ᭽ᑼߦᴪߞߚ⸥੐߇タߖࠄࠇ㊂ࠍჇ߿ߒข᧚ߦࠃࠆ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬ‫ޔ‬࿾రߩ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬ

ߡ޿ࠆ‫⺒ޔߪߦߎߎޕ‬⠪߆ࠄᛩⓂߐࠇߚࠞࡓ࡮ࠞ

ࠍਥߣߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ‫⚕ߡߞ߇ߚߒߦࠇߘޕ‬㕙࠶ࡊ߽ឝタߐࠇࠆ㧔2000 ᐕ 8 ᦬✬㓸⠪߆ࠄߩ⡞߈ߪ‫৻╙ޔ‬㕙߇ਥߦ⷏෺

ขࠅ㧕‫╩ޕ‬⠪߽ታ㓙ߩᣂ⡞ࠍ⷗ߡ‫ߒ⹺⏕ࠍࠄࠇߘޔ‬⚊Ꮊߣ࿖ౝᄖߩ㊀ᄢ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬ‫╙ޔ‬ੑ㕙߇⚻ᷣ㕙‫╙ޔ‬ਃ㕙߇ᤨ੐࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬ‫ޔ‬ߚ 26)‫ޕ‬╙৻㕙߆ࠄ╙ਃ㕙߹ߢߪ‫ޔ‬᡽ᐭ߆ࠄੱ‫ޔߩ߳ޘ‬╙྾㕙߇ᢥ⧓࡮ቇ⧓㕙ߢ࠲ࠗᣖߩᢥቇ૞ຠࠍタߖࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߦߥߞߚ[⷏෺⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇ

޿ࠊ߫৻ᣇㅢⴕߩ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬߩવ㆐ߦ૶ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ
ߩߦኻߒ‫╙ޔ‬྾㕙ߪ⺒⠪߽ෳടߔࠆ႐ߢ޽ࠆߣ⸒

ᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬2002b:284]‫ޕ‬✬㓸⠪߳ߩࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ߦࠃࠇ߫‫৻╙ޔ‬㕙ߣ╙߃ࠆ‫ޔߡߒߘޕ‬‫⷏ޡ‬෺⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺᔒ‫ࠃࠆ޽ߦޢ‬ੑ㕙ߦߪ‫ߥ⊛౏ޔ‬ળ⼏‫ޔ‬ਛᄩ߿⋭࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ਄૏ᯏ

߁ߦ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬᳃ᣖᢥൻࠍ⊒឴ߒ‫ޔ‬ᢥൻ↢ᵴࠍ⼾ንߦߔࠆ‫ޠ‬㑐ߩᐙㇱߩ⥄ᴦᎺ߳ߩ⸰໧‫⥄ޔ‬ᴦᎺߩ࿾రߩㄘᬺ

૞↪߽޽ࠆ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬⊒ዷߥߤߩ⸥੐߇タߖࠄࠇࠆ‫╙ޕ‬ਃ㕙ߪ‫ࠬ࡞ࡋޔ‬4.࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ߩᢥൻ㕙ߦ߅ߌࠆࠞࡓ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊ

ࠤࠕ࡯߿ቇᩞᢎ⢒ߥߤ␠ળߦ㑐ߔࠆ⸥੐ߩឝタߦ޽ߡࠄࠇࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬೨ㅀߒߚ‫ޟ‬⍴޿࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬ‫ߥޠ‬ એ਄⷗ߡ߈ߚࠃ߁ߦ‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ߪ╙৻⟵⊛ߦߤߩࠦ࡜ࡓ߽ߎߎߦタߖࠄࠇࠆ㧔2000 ᐕ 8 ᦬✬㓸ߪ౒↥ౄ࡮᡽ᐭ஥߆ࠄ࠲ࠗᣖߩੱ‫ࠍࠬ࡯ࡘ࠾߳ޘ‬⠪߆ࠄߩ⡞߈ขࠅ㧕‫ޕ‬વ߃ࠆߣ޿߁⋡⊛ࠍᜬߟ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ߇‫߆߆߽ߦޔ‬⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ

ࠊࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ᢥൻ㕙ߢ޽ࠆ╙྾㕙ߩሽ࿷ߪ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣖ⥄ᔒ‫ޔߡ޿߅ߦޢ‬એਅߩࠃ߁ߦ⺑᣿ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬りߦࠃࠆ࠲ࠗᣖᢥൻߩ⊒ዷ࡮ౣ✬ߣ޿߁ᓎഀࠍᜂ

ߘࠇߦኻߒߡ╙྾㕙ߪ‫⷏ޡޔ‬෺ߞߡ޿ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ‫╩ޔߡߞࠃޕ‬⠪ߪ‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔ‬‫⷏ޡޟ‬෺

⚊ႎ‫⺆ࠗ࠲ߩޢ‬ᣂ⡞ߪ‫ޔ‬ᢥ⧓࡮ቇ⧓㕙ࠍㅢߒߡ‫࡮ޠ⪲⽴ޟޔ‬‫ߩ✛ޟ‬ቲ⍹‫࡮ޠ‬‫ޟ‬ሹ㓴ߩ᡿ㇹ‫ޠ‬ᣂ⡞╙྾㕙ߩ޽ࠅᣇࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫ߎޔ‬ߩ໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡ⠨߃ߡߺߚ޿‫ޕ‬― 86 ―

࠲ࠗ⎇ⓥ No.7 2007╙྾㕙ߩਛߢᦨ߽ੱ᳇߇޽ࠆߩߪ‫࠶ࠞ࡮ࡓࠞޔ‬࿖᡽ᐭ஥ߩࠗ࠺ࠝࡠࠡ࡯ࠍࠞࡓ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊߦߒߡ᱌

ࡊߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁㧔2000 ᐕ 8 ᦬✬㓸⠪߆ࠄߩ⡞߈ข޿‫ޟߩ࠳ࡦࠟࡄࡠࡊޔ‬㆏ౕ‫ࠆ޿߽ߩ߽ߚߞߥߣޠ‬ࠅ㧕‫ޔߡߞࠃޕ‬એਅ‫ߦࡊ࠶ࠞ࡮ࡓࠞޔ‬ὶὐࠍ⛉ߞߡߣ޿߁‫ޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᢥൻᄢ㕟๮ᓟߦߐ߹ߑ߹

⼏⺰ߒߡ޿߈ߚ޿‫ޕ‬ߥࡑࠬ࡮ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ߇⊒㆐ߒߡߊࠆߣ‫⋥ޔ‬ធߦ௾␞࡮

߹ߕࠞࡓ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊߣߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬⑂੐ߩ႐ߢ࠴ࡖ࡯ࡦ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊ߇᱌߁ߩࠍ⡞ߊએᄖ‫⸃ޟ‬᡼‫ޠ‬ᓟߦߤߩࠃ߁ߦᛒࠊࠇߡ߈ߚ߆ࠍㅀߴ‫ޔ‬ߦ‫ࠍࠕࠖ࠺ࡔ࡮ࠬࡑޔ‬ㅢߒߡ߽‫ߦࡊ࠶ࠞߪޘੱޔ‬ߘࠇࠍ〯߹߃ߡ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ߦឝタߐࠇߚࠞࡓ࡮ࠞ

⸅ࠇࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ‫ࠝࠫ࡜ޔߕ߹ޕ‬࠶ࡊߦߟ޿ߡ⠨߃ߚ޿‫ޕ‬߿࠹࡟ࡆߣ޿ߞߚࡔ࠺ࠖࠕࠍㅢߒߡࠞ࠶ࡊ߇ᵹߐ
ࠇࠆߎߣ߇ᄙ޿‫࠺ࡆ߿ࡊ࡯࠹࡮࠻࠶࠮ࠞޔߚ߹ޕ‬(1) ࠞࡓ㨯ࠞ࠶ࡊߩ‫ޟ‬વ⛔⊛‫ࠅ޽ޠ‬ᣇࠝ㧯㧰߽ᐢߊᵹㅢߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬ਛߦߪ࠴ࡖ࡯

ࠞࡓ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊߩࠞࡓ Kham ߪ⸒⪲ߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߢ

ࡦ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊߩ᱌ߞߚࠞ࠶ࡊࠍ㍳↹࡮㍳㖸ߒߚ߽ߩ޽ࠅ‫ ࡊ࠶ࠞޔ‬Khap ߪ᱌޽ࠆ޿ߪ᱌߁ߣ޿߁ᗧ๧

߇ᐞ⒳㘃߽޽ࠆ 28)‫ޟࠍࡊ࠶ࠞޔߦ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬⡞ߊ‫ޠ‬ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬વ⛔⊛ߥ࠲ࠗᣖ␠ળߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔߪࡊ࠶ࠞޔ‬ઁߦ‫߁޿ߣޠࠆ⷗ޟ‬ᣇᴺ߇⴫ࠇߚߩߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ᦝޔ‬

ฦ⒳ߩ௾␞࡮⑂੐ߩ႐ߢ᱌ࠊࠇࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠅ‫ߘޔ‬ߦ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ߦ߅޿ߡᣂᢥሼߦࠃߞߡࠞ࠶ࡊ߇ශߎ ߢ ᵴ べ ߔ ࠆ ߩ ߪ ࠴ ࡖ ࡯ ࡦ ࡮ ࠞ ࠶ ࡊ Chaang೚ߐࠇࠆߎߣߢ‫߁޿ߣޠ߻⺒ޟࠍࡊ࠶ࠞޔ‬ᚻᲑ߇

Khap ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ᱌ߩኾ㐷ኅߢ޽ߞߚ 27)‫࡮ࡓࠞޕ‬޽ࠄࠊࠇߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣂ⡞ߦឝタߐࠇߚࠞ࠶ࡊߪ

ࠞ࠶ࡊߦߪ‫߁޿ߣޠ⹞ޟ‬ᗧ๧߽޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬᱌ࠊࠇߕߦ

ᦠ߆ࠇߚ߽ߩߢߪ޽ࠆ߇‫߽߆ߚ޽ࠍࠇߘߪޘੱޔ‬ᢥሼߢᦠ߆ࠇࠆߛߌߩ߽ߩ߽޽ࠆ‫ࡊ࠶ࠞ࡮ࡓࠞޕ‬᱌ࠍ߁ߚ߁ࠃ߁ߦ‫ߣߎ߻⺒ߡߌߟࠍ࡯ࠖ࠺ࡠࡔޔ‬ࠍᦠߊߩߪ‫ޔ‬ᢥሼߩᦠߌࠆ࠲ࠗᣖߩ⍮⼂ੱߢ޽ࠆ߇ᄙ޿‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ߩࠞ࠶ࡊࠍ⺒߻ੱ‫ࠞޔߪޘ‬߇‫ޔ‬⍮⼂ੱߢ޽ࠆ߆ࠄߣ⸒ߞߡߔߴߡߩੱ߇ࠞ

࠶ࡊࠍ‫ޟ‬⡞ߊ‫ߩߤ߶ࠇߘߦߣߎޠ߻⺒ޟߣߣߎޠ‬ࡓ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊࠍ૞ࠇࠆࠊߌߢߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬㆑޿ࠍᗵߓߡ޿ߥ޿ߣᕁࠊࠇ‫ޔ߇ߣߎߩߎޔ‬ᣂ⡞‫⸃ޟ‬᡼‫ޠ‬೨ߪ‫ࡦࡓޔ‬㧔࿖㧕ߩ௾␞࡮⑂੐ߩ႐ߢߦឝタߐࠇߚࠞ࠶ࡊࠍฃߌ౉ࠇ߿ߔߊߒߡ޿ߞߚ

߽ࠞ࠶ࡊ߇᱌ࠊࠇߚ‫ߩࡦࡓޕ‬᡽ᴦᮭജߪ‫ޔ‬௾␞࡮ߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣផ᷹ߐࠇࠆ‫ࠍࡊ࠶ࠞޕ‬ᢥሼߢ⴫ࠊ

⑂੐ߢᔅⷐߥ႐ว࠴ࡖ࡯ࡦ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊࠍ⺞㆐ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߒ᱌ߩࠃ߁ߦ⺒߻ߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬વ⛔⊛‫ޠ‬⍮⼂ੱߦࠃߞችᑨߢ‫ޔ‬ฦࡓࡦ߆ࠄ㓸߹ߞߚ࠴ࡖ࡯ࡦ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊߦ

ߡⴕࠊࠇߡ߈ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ߦ߅޿ߡᣂᢥ

ࠃࠆ᱌Ყߴ߇߅ߎߥࠊࠇࠆߎߣ߽޽ߞߚ‫࡮ࡦࡓޕ‬ሼߢ⸥ߐࠇࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫ࠅࠃޔ‬ᄙߊߩੱ‫ޔߦޘ‬࠴ࠚࡦࡈࡦ߿₺ߣ㑐ଥߩᷓ޿ࡓࡦࡂࡓ‫࠴࡮ࡦࡓޔ‬ࠞ࠶ࡊࠍ‫߇ߣߎޠ߻⺒ޟ‬᥉෸ߒߡ޿ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ࠚࡦࡂ࡯ߩ࠴ࡖ࡯ࡦ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊߪ‫ߩࡦࡓޔ‬௾␞ߩ㓙ߎ߁ߒߚࠞ࠶ࡊߩౝኈߪౄ߿᡽ᐭߩ᡽╷࡮ᣇ㊎ߦ₺ࠍߚߚ߃ࠆࠞ࠶ࡊ߽᱌ߞߚߣ޿߁ [㚍႐߿ਛ࿖஥߆ࠄߺߡ⾨⾥ߔߴ߈ᆫߥߤࠍ᱌ߞߚ߽ߩ

1990㧦160 – 162; Baba 2007; Davis 1998]‫ޕ‬߽޽ࠆ߇‫৻ޔ‬ᣇߢવ⛔⊛ߥౝኈࠍᜬߟ߽ߩ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩὐࠍ〯߹߃ߡ‫ޔ‬ᰴߦ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ߦ߅ߌࠆࠞ࠶

(2) ࠞࡓ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊߩᣂߒ޿ᒻᘒ࡮ౝኈ

ࡊߦߟ޿ߡㅀߴࠆߎߣߦߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬‫⸃ޟ‬᡼‫ޠ‬ᓟߪ‫ߩࡊ࠶ࠞ࡮ࡦ࡯ࡖ࠴ޔ‬ਛߦߪ‫ޔ‬ਛ

― 87 ―

ࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ߩ࠲ࠗᢥሼᣂ⡞ߣ࠲ࠗᣖᢥൻ

(3) ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ߦ߅ߌࠆࠞࡓ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊ

⡞␠ߩࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߦࠃߞߡᦠ߆ࠇࠆߛߌߢߥߊ‫⺒ޔ‬1) ⊒ೀᒰೋߩࠞࡓ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊ

⠪߇⥄ಽߩߟߊߞߚࠞࡓ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊࠍᛩⓂߔࠆߎߣ ‫⷏ޡ‬෺߽ߢ߈ࠆ 29)‫ޕ‬ណ↪ߐࠇࠆߣዋ㗵ߢ޽ࠆ߇ේⓂᢱ߇⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺᔒ‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔߪޢ‬ᣂ⡞ߩࠞࡓ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊߦߟ޿ߡએਅߩࠃ߁ߦ⺑᣿ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ޕ‬಴ࠆ 30)㧔2000 ᐕ 8 ᦬✬㓸⠪߆ࠄߩ⡞߈ขࠅ㧕‫⷏ޡޟ‬෺

⚊ႎ‫⺆ࠗ࠲ߩޢ‬ᣂ⡞ߪౄߩᣂ⡞ೀⴕߩᣇ ߎߎߢ‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ 1999 ᐕ 9 ᦬ 1 ᣣ߆ࠄ 12 ᦬

㊎ࠍၷᜬߒ‫ੱޔ‬᳃ߩߚ߼ߦ᦯ോߔࠆߣ޿߁⋡⊛ࠍ18 ᣣ߹ߢߩ╙྾㕙ߦឝタߐࠇߚࠞࡓ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊߩ࠲

ၷᜬߒ‫ޔ‬ౄߩᣇ㊎࡮೙૞ࠍትવߔࠆࠃ߁ദജߒ‫ޔ‬ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ᜼ߍߡߺࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ᛩⓂߛߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇⏕ታฦᤨᦼߩᵴേߩਛᔃࠍߒߞ߆ࠅߣ߼ߋߞߡ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ߦಽ߆ࠆ߽ߩߦߪ‫ߦ߁ࠃߩߘޔ‬ઃ⸥ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᣖੱ᳃߇༑ࠎߢ⷗⡞߈ߔࠆࠃ߁ߥฦ⒳ᣇᑼࠍ↪޿࡮‫ࠎߐߊߚࠍ⽋ߪ᧛ࠝ࠲ޟ‬㘺ߞߡ߆ࠄ㊄ᜬߜߦߥߞ

ߡ⟲ⴐߦኻߒߡትવߒ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆ᣂ⡞ߢߪઍᦧߢ߈ߚ‫ޠ‬
㧔9 ᦬ 1 ᣣ㧕ߥ޿૞↪ࠍ⊒ើߔࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ࠗ࠲ߪޠࡊ࠶ࠞ࡮ࡦ࡯ࡖ࠴ޟ‬࡮‫ޟ‬ᡰ㈩⠪ߦࠞ࠹ࠖ࡮࠲࡯ࠝ࡮࠲࡯ࡦࡂ࡯㧔ᡰ㈩⠪ᣖߩ᱌ᚻߢ޽ࠅ‫ߩࡊ࠶ࠞ࡮ࡦ࡯ࡖ࠴ޔ‬᱌ߪᦨ߽ੱ

ߩᔃᓧ㧕ࠍᢎ߃ࠆ⸒⪲‫ޠ‬
㧔9 ᦬ 4 ᣣ‫ޔ‬ᛩⓂ㧕ࠍᒁ߈ߟߌࠆ‫ߩࡊ࠶ࠞ࡮ࡦ࡯ࡖ࠴ޕ‬᱌⹖㧔㧩ࠞࡓ࡮࡮‫ޟ‬ᔋ⠴ജߩ޽ࠆᢎᏧ‫ޠ‬
㧔9 ᦬ 8 ᣣ㧕ࠞ࠶ࡊ㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬ᐙㇱ‫ޔ‬᳃ⴐ߇ᦨ߽༑߱᧚ᢱߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮‫ࡦ࠮࡮ࡓࠞޟ‬㧔ੱฬ㧕߇ሶଏߚߜߦᢎ߃ࠆ⸒⪲‫ޠ‬ᣂ⡞ࠍ⊒ೀߒߚೋᦼߪ‫✬ޔ‬㓸⠪ߪోᎺߩ᳃ᣖߩ․㧔9 ᦬ 11 ᣣ‫ޔ‬ᛩⓂ㧕ᓽߦଐ᜚ߒ‫ޔ‬᳃ᣖᒻᑼࠍㆇ↪ߒ‫ޔ‬ౄߩᣇ㊎࡮᡽╷࡮‫޿⧯ޟ‬ᄦᇚߦᢎ߃ࠆ⸒⪲‫ޠ‬
㧔9 ᦬ 15 ᣣ‫ޔ‬ᛩⓂ㧕ࠍ࠴ࡖ࡯ࡦ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊߩ᱌⹖ߦߒߡ╙৻㕙ߩ࠻࠶ࡊ࡮‫ߩࡊ࠶ࠞ࡮ࡦ࡯ࡖ࠴ޟ‬ળ⼏ߩ⹤‫ޠ‬
㧔9 ᦬ 18 ᣣ㧕⸥੐ߣߒߡタߖߚ‫ࠗ࠲ޕ‬ᣖ᳃ⴐߪᣂ⡞ࠍ⺒߻ߎߣ࡮‫ࡓࠞࡦࠥ࡮࡯ࠗޟ‬㧔ੱฬ㧕ߪ㊄ᜬߜߦߥߞߚࠄ⽺ߣ࠴ࡖ࡯ࡦ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊߩ᱌ࠍㅢߒߡ‫ޔ‬ౄߩᣇ㊎࡮᡽ߒ޿ੱࠍេഥߔࠆ‫ޠ‬
㧔9 ᦬ 22 ᣣ‫ޔ‬ᛩⓂ㧕╷ߣਛᔃ⊛ᵴേߦߟ޿ߡℂ⸃ߒߚ‫ޕ‬㨯㨯㨯‫⷏[ޠ‬෺࡮‫ߪ࡯࠽ࡦࡄࡦ࠰ࡊࠪޟ‬ᄢ⊒ዷߒߡ੹ߪ⼾߆ߦߥߞ⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬ 2002b:284]ߚ‫ޠ‬
㧔9 ᦬ 25 ᣣ㧕 ߎࠇߦࠃࠆߣ‫⊒ޔ‬ೀᒰᤨߪ‫ޔ‬ౄߩᣇ㊎࡮᡽╷ࠍ࡮‫ޟ‬ਛ⪇ੱ᳃౒๺࿖੖ච๟ᐕ‫ޠ‬
㧔9 ᦬ 29 ᣣ㧕વ߃ࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߦ૞ࠄࠇߚࠞࡓ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊ߇╙৻࡮‫ޟ‬ਛ⪇ੱ᳃౒๺࿖੖ච๟ᐕ‫ޠ‬
㧔10 ᦬ 2 ᣣ㧕㕙ߩ࠻࠶ࡊ⸥੐ߣߥߞߡ޿ߚߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬࡮‫ޟ‬⠧ੱࠍ⾨⾥ߔࠆ⸒⪲‫ޠ‬
㧔10 ᦬ 6 ᣣ㧕ᒰᤨ߆ࠄ╙྾㕙ߩᢥൻ㕙ߦ߽ࠞࡓ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊ߇タߖ࡮‫ࡊ࡯ࡗࡦ࠽ޟ‬㧔߹ߓߥ޿ߦࠃߞߡᱞེ߇౉ࠄߥߊ

ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚߣ޿߁[⷏෺ߥߞߚ⊹⤏㧕ࠍାߓߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦ‫ޠ‬
㧔10 ᦬ 9 ᣣ‫ޔ‬ᛩ⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬2002b:284]‫ޕ‬Ⓜ㧕࡮‫ޟ‬ኅߩ๟ࠅࠍ߈ࠇ޿ߦߒࠃ߁‫ޠ‬㧔10 ᦬ 13 ᣣ㧕2) ╙྾㕙ߩࠞࡓ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊߩౝኈ

࡮‫ޟ‬ᅚᕈߣ↵ᕈߩដߌว޿ߩ⸒⪲‫ޠ‬
㧔10 ᦬ 16 ᣣ‫ޔ‬࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ߦឝタߐࠇࠆࠞࡓ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊߪ‫ޔ‬1973

ᛩⓂ㧕ᐕ߆ࠄჇടߒߚ‫✬ޕ‬㓸⠪ߦࠃࠇ߫‫߇ߜߚੱ᧛ޔ‬ᣂ࡮‫ࡓࠞࡦࠧ࡮࡯ࠗޟ‬㧔ੱฬ㧕ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޠ‬
㧔10 ᦬ 20⡞ࠍ⺒߻ߩߪ‫ࠍࡊ࠶ࠞ࡮ࡓࠞࠅࠃࠬ࡯ࡘ࠾ߩઁޔ‬ᣣ‫ޔ‬ᛩⓂ㧕⺒ߺߚ޿߆ࠄߛߣ޿߁‫╙ޔߚ߹ޕ‬྾㕙ߩ⸥੐ߪᣂ

࡮‫ߩ࡯࡝࠽࡚ࠪ࠶ࡒޟ‬ක⠪߇࡞࡯㧔ࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽

― 88 ―

࠲ࠗ⎇ⓥ No.7 2007࡯ߩ࠲ࠗᣖ㧕ߩක⠪ߦ⽶ߌߚ‫ޠ‬
㧔10 ᦬ 23 ᣣ࡮27಴↥ߢ߈ߥ޿‫৻ޔ‬ኅᣖ޽ߚࠅߢߪੑੱ߹ߢߩሶଏ

ᣣ‫ޔ‬ᛩⓂ㧕ߒ߆↥߼ߥ޿ߣ޿߁ᴺᓞ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ੑੱ⋡ߩሶଏߪ‫ޔ‬࡮‫੹ߪ♳౏ޟ‬ᐕߪ෰ᐕࠍ਄࿁ߞߚ‫ޠ‬
㧔11 ᦬ 3 ᣣ㧕Უⷫ߇  ᱦߦߥߞߡ޿ߥ޿ߣ↥߻ߎߣߪ⑌ᱛߛ‫ޕ‬࡮‫ޟ‬ᐕਛⴕ੐‫ޠ‬
㧔11 ᦬ 6 ᣣ࡮10 ᣣ࡮13 ᣣ㧕಴↥ߢ߈ࠆᐕ㦂ߦߥߞߡ޿ߥ޿ߩߦ⚿ᇕߒߡߒ߹

࡮‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޟ‬ᣂ⡞ߪౝኈ߇߅߽ߒࠈ޿‫ޠ‬
㧔11 ᦬ 17 ᣣ㧕߁ߣ‫⟏ޔ‬㊄ࠍ⺖ߖࠄࠇࠆߣ޿߁ᴺᓞ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠗ࡯࡮ࠦࡦࠞࡓߪߎߩᴺᓞࠍᄢ੐ߦߒߡ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ㇹ‫ޠ‬࡮‫߇ࠝࠞࡑޟ‬ਛ࿖ߦ߽ߤߞߡ࿖᳃ߪ༑ࠎߛ‫ޠ‬
㧔11 ᦬
20 ᣣ࡮24 ᣣ࡮27 ᣣ㧕ߩਛߩฦ᧛ߢ᧛ੱߦ৻↢ ๮ᢎ߃ߡ޿ߚ‫߽ੱ᧛ޕ‬࡮‫ޟ‬னක⠪ߦߛ߹ߐࠇߧࠃ߁᳇ࠍߟߌߥߐ޿‫ޠ‬㧔12ᓐᅚ߇⸒߁ߎߣߦߒߚ߇ߞߡ‫ߣࠎߜ߈ޔ‬ᴺᓞࠍ቞

᦬ 4 ᣣ㧕

ߞߡ޿ࠆߩߛ‫ߪޘੱޕ‬ᓐᅚࠍⶋ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬᡽ᐭ‫ޠ‬࡮‫ޟ‬ൕീߥੱࠍⶋ߼ࠆ⸒⪲‫ޠ‬
㧔12 ᦬ 11 ᣣ㧕߽ᓐᅚࠍ㜞ߊ⹏ଔߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ ޠ̖ޕ‬࡮‫ޟ‬Ꮢ႐ߢ߽ߩࠍ⋑߹ࠇߚ⹤‫ޠ‬
㧔12 ᦬ 15 ᣣ㧕৻ᣇ‫⸥ޔ‬⠪࡮✬㓸⠪஥߇૞ߞߚ߽ߩߪ‫߅ޔ‬ᚻᧄ࡮‫ߒ߽ޟ‬ൕീߦ⨥ࠍᬀ߃ࠇ߫㊄ᜬߜߦߥࠆ‫ޠ‬
㧔12 ᦬ߣߥࠆࠃ߁ߥ᧛߿ੱ‫ߩޘ‬ᆫ߿⚻ᷣ⊒ዷࠍ⒓߃ࠆ߽

18 ᣣ㧕ߩ‫↢ޔ‬ᵴߦ߅޿ߡߩᵈᗧ߿൘߼ࠍ๭߮߆ߌࠆ߽ߩ‫ޔ‬

ߎߩ 24 ߩࠞࡓ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊߩ߁ߜ‫⺒ޔ‬⠪߆ࠄߩᛩⓂߢ౏⊛ળ⼏߿ਛ⪇ੱ᳃౒๺࿖࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᄢ߈ߥേ߈࡮

޽ࠆߎߣ߇⏕ታߥ߽ߩ 31)ߪ 8 ߟ޽ࠆ‫ߜ߁ߩߘޕ‬ਃ⸥ᔨᣣߥߤߦ㑐ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߪߦࠄߜߎޕ‬વߟߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᢎ߃ࠆ⸒⪲㧔ࠞࡓ࡮࠰ࡦ Kham Son㧕‫ࠍޠ‬⛔⊛ߥౝኈߣ⸒߃ࠆ߽ߩߪ౉ߞߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᅚᕈߣ↵ᕈߩដߌว

ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬หߓࠞࡓ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊߣ⸒ߞߡ߽‫⺒ޔ‬޿߽޽ࠆ‫ߩࡊ࠶ࠞ࡮ࡓࠞߪࠄࠇߎޕ‬વ⛔⊛ᒻߩ߽⠪ߩᛩⓂߒߚ߽ߩߣ⸥⠪࡮✬㓸⠪஥ߩ૞ߞߚ߽ߩ

ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫߁޿ߣࡓࠞࡦࠥ࡮࡯ࠗߪߦઁޕ‬ታ࿷ߩᅚߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬௑ะ߇⇣ߥࠆ‫⺒ޔ߇ߛޕ‬⠪߇ᛩⓂߢ߈ࠆ

ᕈࠍ⾨⾥ߔࠆ߽ߩ߇ੑߟ‫⷏ޔ‬ᵗකቇߦኻߒߡ࠲ࠗ

ߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߢߪ‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣂ⡞╙྾㕙ߪ‫ޔ‬ౄ߿᡽ᐭᣖવ⛔කቇࠍ⾨⾥ߔࠆ߽ߩ߇߭ߣߟ‫ޔ‬ㅅାࠍାߓ

ߩትવߩ႐ߣ޿߁ᕈᩰࠍ⿧߃ߡ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣖߩᢥൻ⴫

ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦߣ޿߁ౝኈߩ߽ߩ߇߭ߣߟߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬એ⃻ߩߚ߼ߩ႐ࠍឭଏߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਅߦ‫ޔ‬ ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣߩᣂ⡞ߦឝタߐࠇߚࠞࡓ࡮
ࠞ࠶ࡊߩౝኈߩ଀ࠍ᜼ߍࠆ‫ޕ‬

5. ᣂᢥሼߣฎᢥሼߩߖ߼߉޽޿
࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ශ೚ߦ૶ࠊࠇߚᢥሼߪ‫ޔ‬2(1)ߢ߽ㅀ

ࠗ࡯࡮ࠦࡦࠞࡓ㧔‫ޟ‬ᇚᅚਥછ‫ޠ‬㧕ߩ⹤㧔૞⠪㧦ࠗ࡯࡮ߴߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᒰೋߪᣂ࠲ࠗᢥሼߢ޽ߞߚ‫߇ࠇߘޕ‬࠽࡯ࡦ࠙࡯ࠗࡎࠗ㧕

1992 ᐕߦ‫ޟ‬વ⛔⊛‫ޠ‬᭽ᑼߩ࠲ࠗᢥሼࠍ૶߅߁ߣ޿

‫੹̖ޟ‬࿁‫ޟ߁޿ߣࡓࠞࡦࠦ࡮࡯ࠗޔ‬ᇚᅚਥછ‫ߦޠ‬߁᳿ቯ߇ߥߐࠇ‫ߚ߹߇ࠇߘޔ‬ᣂ࠲ࠗᢥሼߦ߽ߤߐ

ߟ޿ߡ⹤ߔ‫᧛ࡦ࡯ࡠࡦࠦޕ‬಴りߩࠗ࡯࡮ࠦࡦࠞࡓ

ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߺ⺒ࠄ߆ߎߘߣ✲⚻ߩߘޔߪߢ┨ߩߎޕ‬ߪ᧛ੱ߆ࠄ‫ޟ‬ᇚᅚਥછ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬࿾૏ߦㆬ߫ࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ขࠇࠆ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ߩᕈᩰߦߟ޿ߡ⠨ኤߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬ᓐᅚߪ৻↢ ๮᧛ੱߦ‫ޟ‬ኅᣖ⸘↹‫ࠍޠ‬ᢎ߃ߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ߎࠇ߆ࠄߪሶଏࠍᴛጊ↥߻ߩߪ߿߼ߚ߶߁߇޿޿‫ޕ‬(1) ฎᢥሼߣᣂᢥሼ

߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ᣧ߼ߦ⚿ᇕߒߚᅚᕈߪੑචᱦߦߥࠄߥ޿ߣ

― 89 ―⃻࿷‫⷏ޔ‬෺⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺߢߪ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣖ߇વ⛔

ࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ߩ࠲ࠗᢥሼᣂ⡞ߣ࠲ࠗᣖᢥൻ

⊛ߦ૶ߞߡ߈ߚ࠲ࠗᢥሼࠍਛ࿖⺆ߢ‫ޟ‬⠧嫊ᢥ‫ޠ‬‫࠲ޔ‬ࠇߡ߈ߚ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᢥሼߪ‫ࡦࡄࡦ࠰ࡊࠪޔ‬ࠗ⺆ߢ࠻࡯࡮࠲ࠗ࡮ࠞࠝ Too Tai Kaw ߣ๭ࠎߢ޿

࠽࡯ߛߌߢߪߥߊ‫ࡦࡖࠪߩ࡯ࡑࡦࡖࡒޔ‬Ꮊ߿࠲ࠗࠆ‫ޟ߽ࠄߜߤޕ‬ฎ޿࠲ࠗᢥሼ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ᗧ๧ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿖ർㇱ࡮࡜ࠝࠬߩ‫੽ޔ‬ᢎࠍฃߌ౉ࠇߡ޿ࠆ࠲ࠗ♽ߘࠇߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬‫⸃ޟ‬᡼‫ޠ‬ᓟߦ‫ޟ‬ฎ޿࠲ࠗᢥሼ‫߽ࠍޠ‬᳃ᣖߦࠃࠅᐢߊ૶ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢥሼߩᒻߦዋߒᏅ

ߣߦߟߊࠄࠇߚᢥሼߪ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆ߢ‫ޟ‬ᣂ嫊ᢥ‫ޠ‬‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬߇޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬೎ߩ࿾ၞߩ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߡ߽⋧੕ߦ⺒߻⺆ߢ࠻࡯࡮࠲ࠗ࡮ࡑࠗ Too Tai Mai ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠗ࠲ޕ‬ᣖߪ਄ᐳ੽ᢎࠍାઔߒߡ

ߤߜࠄ߽‫ޟ‬ᣂߒ޿࠲ࠗᢥሼ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ᗧ๧ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬߅ࠅ‫↵ޔ‬ᕈߪ᥉ㅢ‫ޔ‬ዋᐕ࡮㕍ᐕᤨߩᢙᐕ߆ࠄචᢙ

ᧄⓂߢߪ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ߃߹〯ࠍࠇߘޔ‬ᣖ߇વ⛔⊛ߦ૶ߞᐕ߶ߤߦࠊߚࠆ಴ኅ↢ᵴߩਛߢ࠲ࠗᢥሼࠍቇࠎߛ‫ޕ‬ߡ߈ߚ࠲ࠗᢥሼࠍ‫ޟ‬ฎᢥሼ‫ޠ‬‫ޔ‬ᣂߚߦߟߊࠄࠇߚᢥ

ߎࠇߪ‫ߩߘޔ߽ߢ࡯࠽ࡦࡄࡦ࠰ࡊࠪޔ‬ධߩࡒࡖࡦ

ሼࠍ‫ޟ‬ᣂᢥሼ‫ߣޠ‬๭߮‫ޔ‬એਅ‫⺑ޔ‬᣿࡮⼏⺰ࠍߒߡࡑ࡯ߩࠪࡖࡦᎺ᧲ㇱ߿࠲ࠗ࿖ർㇱ࡮࡜ࠝࠬർㇱߩ޿߈ߚ޿㧔౮⌀ 1,2 ෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬࠲ࠗᣖ  ߢ߽౒ㅢߔࠆᢥൻ⊛․ᓽߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬࠲ࠗᣖߩ‫ޟ‬વ⛔⊛‫ߥޠ‬⍮⼂ੱߚߜߪ‫ࠗ࠲ߩߎޔ‬ᢥሼߢᧄ  ࠍᦠ޿ߚࠅᦠ߈౮ߒߚࠅߒ‫ޔ‬ᓐࠄߩᢥൻࠍ⊒ዷ࡮⛮ᛚߒߡ߈ߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ਛ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ࠲
ࠗᢥሼߩᢎ⢒ߪ‫ޔ‬ዋᢙ᳃ᣖᐙㇱ㙃ᚑᄢቇߢ޽ࠆ㔕ධ᳃ᣖቇ㒮ߢ߽ߥߐࠇߡ߈ߡ߅ࠅ‫ߢߎߘޔ‬ቇࠎߛ࠲ࠗᣖࠛ࡝࡯࠻ߚߜߩਛߦ߽‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᢥሼࠍ⥄↱ߦᛒ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ⠪߇ᄙ޿‫ޕ‬ߘࠇߦኻߒߡᣂᢥሼߪ‫ޔ‬2 ߢ߽ㅀߴߚ߇‫ޔ‬1953౮⌀ 1㧔਄㧕ฎᢥሼᣂ⡞౮⌀ 2㧔ਅ㧕ᣂᢥሼᣂ⡞

ᐕ 8 ᦬ߦ‫⷏ޟ‬෺⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦ඙ฦᣖฦ⇇ઍ⴫ળ⼏‫ޠ‬ߢߥߐࠇߚ᳿ቯߦߒߚ߇ߞߡ‫ޟ‬嫊ᣖᢥሼᡷㅴᆔຬ
ળ‫ޔࠇߐ❱⚵߇ޠ‬ਛ࿖⑼ቇ㒮ߩኾ㐷ኅߩេഥ࡮ᜰ
ዉߩਅߢߩ‫ޟ‬嫊ᢥ㧔࠲ࠗᢥሼ㧕ᡷㅴᴺ᩺‫ޔ⨲⿠ޠ‬ਛᄩੱ᳃᡽ᐭߦࠃࠆ⹜ⴕߩᛕಎ[[ਛ౒⷏෺⚊Ꮊᆔౄผᓕ㓸⎇ⓥቶ✬ 2000:45]ߣ޿߁ㆊ⒟ࠍ⚻ߡ34)‫ޔ‬1956 ᐕߦቢᚑߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫⥄ޔࠅ߹ߟޕ‬ᴦᎺ㧔1953 ᐕᤨߪ⥄ᴦ඙㧕ߢឭ᩺ߐࠇਛᄩੱ᳃᡽
ᐭߩᛕಎࠍฃߌߡߟߊࠄࠇߚ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖ዋᢙ᳃ᣖᢥሼ
ߩ߭ߣߟߥߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߛ߇‫ޔ‬ᣂᢥሼߩᒻᚑߦߪ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣖߩ⍮⼂ੱߚߜ߽ᷓߊ㑐ࠊߞߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ਛᄩ߆ࠄᵷ㆜ߐࠇߚ⸒⺆ቇฎᢥሼߪ‫ ࡓ࠲ޔ‬6JCO ᢥሼߣ๭߫ࠇࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⠪ߩࡈ࡯࡮ࡑࠝ࡮࠴࡯35)ߩઁߪ‫₺ߩࡦࡈࡦࠚ࠴ޔ‬ߘࠇߪ‫੽ޔ‬ᢎ⚻ౖ㧔࠲ࡓ㧕ࠍᦠߊᢥሼߣߒߡ૶ࠊ

ᣖߢ޽ࠆಷ਎ൌ‫ޔ‬ಷ㊄␽‫ޔ‬ಷᣂ⪇ 36)ߣ޿ߞߚࡔࡦ

― 90 ―

࠲ࠗ⎇ⓥ No.7 2007ࡃ࡯߇ᣂᢥሼ૞ᚑߦ޽ߚߞߚ‫ޕ‬ಷ਎ൌߪࠪࡊ࠰ࡦ

޽ࠆኹ㒮߇ߥߊߥࠅฎᢥሼࠍᢎ߃ࠆ┙႐ߦ޽ࠆ௯

ࡄࡦ࠽࡯ߩᦨᓟߩ‫ޔࠅ޽ߢޠ₺ޟ‬ධ੩ߦ㐳ߊ⇐ቇଛ߽޿ߥߊߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᢥൻᄢ㕟๮⚳ੌᓟ‫ޔ‬1970 ᐕઍߒߡ޿ߚੱ‛ߢ޽ࠆ 37)‫ޕ‬ಷ㊄␽ߪᣂ⡞␠ߦ⸥⠪ߣ⚳ࠊࠅߦߥߞߡ‫ޔ‬ౣ߮੽ᢎߩାઔ߇⸵ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁

ߒߡൕ߼‫ޔ‬ᓟߦ࠲ࠗᣖᢥൻߦ㑐ߔࠆ⪺૞߽಴ߦߥࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ኹ㒮ߢฎᢥሼࠍቇ߱વ⛔߽ᓳᵴߒߡ޿

ߔࠆ⍮⼂ੱߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᒰᤨ㕍ᐕߢ޽ߞߚᓐࠄߪ‫₺ޔ‬ᣖߞߚ‫ޕ‬

ߢ޽ߞߚ߇ࠁ߃ߦ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᢥሼ㧔ฎᢥሼ㧕ߪ߽ߜࠈ‫߽ߢޠߦ߼ߓߪޟ‬ㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬1980 ᐕઍᓟࠎߩߎߣਛ࿖⺆ߩᢎ⢒߽ฃߌߡ޿ߚ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬ᓐࠄඨ߆ࠄߪኻᄖ㐿᡼߇Ⓧᭂ⊛ߦㅴ߼ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥ

ߪ₺ᣖ㕍ᐕߩਛߢ߽‫߇࡯࠽ࡦࡄࡦ࠰ࡊࠪޔ‬ਛ⪇ੱߞߚ‫ޕ‬ኻᄖ㐿᡼ߩะߊవߣߒߡߪ‫ࡦࡄࡦ࠰ࡊࠪޔ‬᳃౒๺࿖ߩ৻ㇱߣߐࠇߚߎߣ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣖ߇ਛ࿖ߩዋ

࠽࡯ߣᢥൻ⊛વ⛔ࠍหߓߊߔࠆ࿖Ⴚߩධߩ࠲ࠗᣖ

ᢙ᳃ᣖߣߐࠇߚߎߣࠍ‫ޔ‬ฃߌ౉ࠇߚ஥ߩੱ‫޽ߢޘ‬࿾ၞ߽฽߹ࠇࠆ‫ࠗ࠲ߩߘޕ‬ᣖᢥൻߩ౒ㅢᕈ߇⺆ࠄߞߚߣ޿߃ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ᣂᢥሼߩ૞ᚑߦߪ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖ߩዋᢙ

ࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆߣ‫౒ޔ‬ㅢߩᢥሼߢ޽ࠆฎᢥሼ‫ߔޔ‬᳃ᣖߣߒߡߩ࠲ࠗᣖᢥൻߩ⊒ዷࠍ⠨߃ࠆ₺ᣖ⍮⼂ߥࠊߜ࠲ࡓᢥሼߩᢥൻ⊛ᗧ⟵߽ᒝߊᗧ⼂ߐࠇࠆߎੱߚߜ߽㑐ࠊߞߡ޿ߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߣߣߥߞߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᵹࠇࠍฃߌߡ‫ޔ‬1986 ᐕߦߪ‫⷏ޔ‬෺(2) ฎᢥሼߩᒢ࿶࡮ᓳᵴ࡮⊒ዷ⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ╙౐ዯੱ᳃ઍ⴫ᄢળ╙੖ᰴળ⼏ߢฎᢥሼߩ૶↪ࠍ࿁ᓳߔࠆ᳿ቯ߇ߥߐࠇߚ[⷏෺‛߿ᣂ⡞‫ޔ‬ᢎ⑼ᦠߥ

⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬2002b:283]‫ޕ‬ߤᵴሼශ೚ߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߦ૶ࠊࠇߚߩߪᣂᢥሼߢ޽

ᣂᢥሼߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬ฎᢥሼ߇౏౒ߩ႐ߢ૶ࠊࠇࠆࠃ

ߞߚ‫ࠆ޽ߦ↸ޕ‬᡽ᐭߩᯏ㑐ߦߪ⋴᧼߇߆ߌࠄࠇߡ

߁ߦߥߞߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬1980 ᐕઍ⚳ࠊࠅએ㒠ߪ‫ࠪޔ‬޿ߚ߇‫ߩߘޔ‬ᯏ㑐ฬߩਛ࿖⺆ߩᮮߦ૬⸥ߐࠇߚ࠲

ࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ߩቇᩞᢎ⢒߿⡯႐ߩ⎇ୃߩਛߢ߽

ࠗᢥሼ߽ᣂᢥሼߢ޽ߞߚ 38)‫ޕ‬࠲ࡓᢥሼߩᢎ⢒߇Ⓧᭂ⊛ߦߥߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬1988 ᐕߦߪ ৻ᣇ‫ޔ‬ᣂᢥሼ߇૞ࠄࠇߚᓟ߽‫ޔ‬ฎᢥሼߪ࠲ࠗᣖ

ฎᢥሼࠍ૶ߞߚᦨೋߩᦠ‛߽಴ ᣂᢥሼ߇૞ࠄࠇߚᓟ‫ޔ‬಴

ߐࠇߚ 39)‫ޕ‬ߩੱ‫ߩޘ‬㑆ߢ૶޿ߟߠߌࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᒰᤨ࠲ࠗᣖ↵ᕈ

1992 ᐕએ㒠‫ⷰޔ‬శ㐿⊒߇⋓ࠎߦߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥ

ߩᄙߊߪ৻ᤨ⊛ߦߖࠃ಴ኅߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬㓙ߦ੽ᢎኹ㒮ࠅ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣖᢥൻ߇ࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ⷰశߩ⋡₹ߣߢฎᢥሼࠍቇ߱ߩߢ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣖ↵ᕈߩᄙߊ߇ฎᢥሼ

ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆ[㐳⼱Ꮉ 2001㧦112-119]ߣ‫ޔ‬ฎߩ⺒ߺᦠ߈߇ߢ߈ߚ‫੽ߦ․ޕ‬ᢎߩᵴേߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᢥሼߪߐࠄߦ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣖᢥൻߩ⋡ߦ⷗߃ࠆ⽎ᓽߣߒฎᢥሼߪᰳߊߎߣߩߢ߈ߥ޿߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ౖ⚻ޕ‬ߡᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ‫ࠗ࠲ޕ‬ᣖߪ‫ޠ⚻⪲⽴ޟ‬ߪߔߴߡฎᢥሼߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㧔ฎᢥሼߢᦠ߆ࠇߚᚻᦠ߈ᢥᦠ㧕ߩવ⛔ࠍᜬߟ㜞ࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ߦ߅޿ߡ࠲ࠗᣖߩ‫ޟ‬વ⛔⊛‫ޠ‬޿ᢥൻߣฎ޿ᱧผࠍᜬߞߚዋᢙ᳃ᣖߣߒߡትવߐ

ᢥሼᢥൻࠍ਄߆ࠄⷙ೙ߔࠆേ߈ߣߒߡ‫߽ᦨޔ‬ᄢ߈ࠇࠆߎߣߦߥࠅ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣖ⥄ࠄ߽ߘߩߎߣߦ⹶ࠅࠍ

ߥᓇ㗀߇޽ߞߚߩߪ‫ޔ‬1966 ᐕ߆ࠄ 1976 ᐕ߹ߢߩᜬߟࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢥൻᄢ㕟๮ߢ޽ࠆ‫ᤨߩߘޕ‬ઍߦ‫ࠗ࠲ߩߣ߽ߣ߽ޔ‬ᢥሼ‫ߜࠊߥߔޔ‬ฎᢥሼߢᦠ߆ࠇߚᢥᦠߩᄙߊߪΆ

(3) ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ߦ߅ߌࠆᣂᢥሼߣฎᢥሼߩߖ߼߉

߿ߐࠇߚ‫੽ޕ‬ᢎ߇⑌ߓࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬ฎᢥሼࠍቇ߱႐ᚲߢ

޽޿― 91 ―

ࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ߩ࠲ࠗᢥሼᣂ⡞ߣ࠲ࠗᣖᢥൻ

ߐߡ‫ޔ‬એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߥᵹࠇߩਛߢ‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ߪߤߪᣂ⡞ߩ╙৻㕙࡮╙ੑ㕙ߦߩߺ૶ࠊࠇ‫╙ޔ‬ਃ㕙ߣߩࠃ߁ߥᘒᐲࠍߣߞߡ߈ߚߛࠈ߁߆‫ޕ‬╙྾㕙ߪᣂᢥሼߩ߹߹ශ೚ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬⠉ᐕߦߥߞߡ‫ޔ‬࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ߪ‫ޔ‬1957 ᐕߦ⊒ೀߐࠇߚᤨߦߪᣂᢥ

྾㕙ߔߴߡߦฎᢥሼ߇૶ࠊࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ[[⷏ሼ߇૶ࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬2 ߢ߽⷗ߚࠃ߁ߦ‫߽ߘ߽ߘޔ‬ᣂᢥ෺ሼ߇૞ࠄࠇࠆ⋡⊛ߩ߭ߣߟߦ‫ࠆࠃߦࠇߘޔ‬ᣂ⡞ߩ

2002b:283; 2000 ᐕ 8 ᦬✬㓸⠪߆ࠄߩ⡞߈ขࠅ]?‫ޕ‬⚊ 嫊 ᣖ ⥄ ᴦ Ꮊ ࿾ ᣇ ᔒ ✬ ➏ ᆔ ຬ ળ ✬⚊Ꮊᆔౄผᓕ

ߒ߆ߒ‫ޔ‬1995 ᐕߦߪᣂ⡞ߩශ೚ߦ૶ࠊࠇࠆᢥሼ

㓸⎇ⓥቶ✬㧦45]‫ޕ‬ᢥൻᄢ㕟๮ਛߦ‫ޔ‬ฎᢥሼࠍ૶ߞ

ߪᣂᢥሼߦ߽ߤߞߡߒ߹ߞߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ℂ↱ߪ‫ޔ‬ฎᢥߚ᳃㑆ߩᢥᦠ߇Ά߿ߐࠇฎᢥሼࠍ૶߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈

ሼ߇૶ࠊࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ߆ࠄ‫⺒⾼ޔ‬⠪ᢙ߇ỗᷫߥߊߥߞߚᤨᦼߦ߽‫ޔ‬ᣂᢥሼߢ಴ߐࠇࠆߎߩᣂ⡞ߒߚߚ߼ߢ޽ߞߚ‫✬ޕ‬㓸⠪ߦࠃࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ᣂᢥሼ߇૶

ߪೀⴕߐࠇߟߠߌߚ㧔2 ෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬ࠊࠇߡ޿ߚᤨઍߦߪ੖ජㇱએ਄ߩቯᦼ⾼⺒߇޽ߞೀⴕ߇޽ߞߚߩߢ޽ࠆ [ਛ౒⷏෺ߛ߇‫ޔ‬1980 ᐕઍᓟඨ߆ࠄߩ‫࡯࠽ࡦࡄࡦ࠰ࡊࠪޔ‬ߚ㧠㧝㧕ߩ߇‫ޔ‬ฎᢥሼࠍ૶߁ࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ྾ੑ౎ㇱ␠ળߩฎᢥሼᓳᵴߩേ߈ߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡞␠ߦ߽ᓇ㗀ࠍਈߦ߹ߢᷫߞߡߒ߹ߞߚߣ޿߁㧔2000 ᐕ 8 ᦬✬㓸⠪߃ߚ‫ޕ‬1986 ᐕߩ⷏෺߆ࠄߩ⡞߈ขࠅ㧕‫ޕ‬⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺੱ᳃ઍ⴫ᄢળ

ฎᢥሼߩᣂ⡞߇ฃߌ౉ࠇࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚਥߥℂ↱

ߩ᳿ቯߩ޽ߣ‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣂ⡞߽ฎᢥሼࠍ૶ߞߡ಴
⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ߪੑߟ޽ࠆߣ‫✬ޔ‬㓸⠪ߪ⸒߁‫ޔߪߦߟߣ߭ޕ‬ශ೚ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬ 2002b:283]‫✬ޕ‬㓸⠪߳ߩᛛⴚߩᧂᾫߐߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ฎᢥሼߩᵴሼ߇⟤ߒߊߥߊࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ߦࠃࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ߩශ೚ߦฎᢥሼࠍ૶

ߡ⺒ߺߦߊߊ‫ߦ․ޔ‬㜞㦂ߩੱ‫ߞ߆ࠄߠߺ⺒ߪߦޘ‬߅߁ߣߒߚߩߪ‫ޔ‬ቇᩞᢎ⢒ߦ߅޿ߡ߽੽ᢎኹ㒮ߦߚ߆ࠄߛߣ޿߁‫ޕ‬ੑߟ߼ߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂᢥሼߪ⺒߼ߡ߽ฎ߅޿ߡ߽ฎᢥሼ߇૶↪ߐࠇ‫߇ࠇߘޔ‬ᚑഞߒ቟ቯߒ

ᢥሼߪ⺒߼ߥ޿ੱ߇߆ߥࠅ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ℂ↱ߢ޽ࠆߡ޿ߚ⁁ᴫߢ޽ߞߚߚ߼‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ߦ߅޿ߡ߽ฎᢥሼ

㧔2000 ᐕ 8 ᦬✬㓸⠪߆ࠄߩ⡞߈ขࠅ㧕‫߁ࠃߩߘޕ‬ߦࠃࠆශ೚ࠍᆎ߼ࠆߴ߈ᤨᦼߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߚ߆ࠄߛ

ߥ௑ะߪ‫ޔ‬ᢥ㕟ߩߚ߼ߦߘߩዋᐕ࡮㕍ᐕᦼߦኹ㒮ߣ޿߁㧔2000 ᐕ 8 ᦬✬㓸⠪߆ࠄߩ⡞߈ขࠅ㧕‫ޕ‬ߢฎᢥሼߩ⺒ߺᦠ߈ࠍ⠌ᓧߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞ

ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߣߩⷐ᳞߇ߥߐࠇߚ[⷏෺ᒰᤨ‫ޔ‬ฎᢥሼߪᵴሼߦߐࠇߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ฎᢥߚਛᐕߩੱ‫ߦޘ‬ᄙ޿ 42㧕‫ޔࠅ߹ߟޕ‬ਛ࡮㜞ᐕߩਔ਎ሼࠍዊߐߥ㋦ߩᵴሼߦߔࠆߩߪኈᤃߢߪߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ઍߦߣߞߡ‫ޔ‬ฎᢥሼߩᣂ⡞ߪฃߌ౉ࠇ߇ߚ߆ߞߚ

ฎᢥሼߪᮮ৻೉ߦਗࠎߛᢥሼߩ਄ਅߦ߽ᢥሼ߿Უ

ߣ޿߁ߎߣߥߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㖸࡮ჿ⺞⸥ภߥߤ߇ߟߌࠄࠇࠆߚ߼㧔౮⌀ 1 ෳᾖ㧕એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦᣂ⡞␠ߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂᢥሼߢ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ࠍߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬೨ㅀߩ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞✬㓸⠪ߪᵴሼ↪ߩฎᢥೀⴕߔࠆߣ޿߁㆏ࠍㆬࠎߛ‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬1980 ᐕઍᓟሼߩ࠺ࠩࠗࡦࠍߒߡ‫ࠄ⥄ޔ‬ർ੩ߦᜬߞߡ޿ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ඨએ㒠ߩ‫␠࡯࠽ࡦࡄࡦ࠰ࡊࠪޔ‬ળߩฎᢥሼ⾨⾥ߩߘࠇࠍ߽ߣߦᣂ⪇ශ೚ᑚߢᵴሼੑ⚵߇૞ࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬ᣂേ߈ߦㅒⴕߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⺒⾼ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬⠪ᢙߩᷫዋߪ

⡞␠ߦᬀሼ૞ᬺᚲ߇ᑪߡࠄࠇߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᣂ⡞␠ߩ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ሽ⛯⥄૕ࠍෂ߁ߊߔࠆෂᯏ⊛ߥ⁁ᴫߢ⸥⠪࡮ᬀሼᛛⴚ⠪ߥߤߦኻߔࠆฎᢥሼߩ⎇ୃ߇߅޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᣂ⡞␠ߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂᢥሼࠍㆬ߫ߑࠆࠍᓧߥ߆ߞ

ߎߥࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬1992 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 23 ᣣߦߪ‫ޔ‬ฎᢥሼߩ࠲

ߚߩߢ޽ࠆ  ‫ޕ‬ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞߇಴

ߐࠇߚ‫ᦨޕ‬ೋߩᲑ㓏ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ฎᢥሼ― 92 ―

ⷰశߩ⋡₹ߦ߽ߥࠅ࿖Ⴚߩධߩ࠲ࠗᣖߣߩ㑐ࠊ࠲ࠗ⎇ⓥ No.7 2007ࠅߢኻᄖ㐿᡼ࠍ߽⽎ᓽߔࠆฎᢥሼߪ‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣂ⡞೉ߛߌߢߔ߻ᣂᢥሼߩ߶߁߇਄ਅߦᢥሼ࡮⸥ภߩ

ߦߪߘߋࠊߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ਛ࿖ߩዋᢙ᳃ᣖߣߥߞߡએ

ߟߊฎᢥሼࠃࠅ߽ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯ߦዉ౉ߒ߿ߔ߆

᧪࠲ࠗᣖߩੱ‫↢ߩޘ‬ᵴߩ႐ߢ૶ࠊࠇߡ߈ߚታ❣ߩߞߚߩߪ⏕߆ߢ޽ࠆ 45)‫ޕ‬ᣂᢥሼߪ߭ߣߟߩࠠ࡯ߦ

޽ࠆᣂᢥሼ߇‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ߦߪ૶ࠊࠇߨ߫ߥࠄߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬߭ߣߟߩᢥሼ߇ኻᔕߔࠆ‫ࡑ࡯ࡠ߫ࠊ޿ޔ‬ሼ౉ജߣᣂ⡞ߪ‫ⷰޟߥ߆߿⪇ޔ‬శ‫ޟ߿ޠ‬ኻᄖ㐿᡼‫ߩޠ‬㘑ầ

หߓᣇᴺߢ౉ജߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ࠍ㔌ࠇߡ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣖߩੱ‫↢ߩޘ‬ᵴᢥൻࠍᡰ߃ࠆᓎഀ

ࠍ࿾㆏ߦᜂ߁ᣇะߦㅴࠎߛ‫ޕ‬(2) ಴

੐ᬺߩ⺧⽶

ᣂ⡞␠߳ߩࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯ߩዉ౉ߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ߘߩ

6.

ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯ൻߣ಴

߽ߩߛߌߢߥߊࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ߦ߅ߌࠆ࠲ࠗ⺆

੐ᬺ

ශ೚࡮಴

(1) ᣂ⡞૞ᚑ߳ߩࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯ᛛⴚߩዉ౉

ో૕ߦ߽ᄢ߈ߥᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߚ‫ޕ‬ᣂ⡞␠ߪ‫ޔ‬ᄖㇱ߆ࠄߩ࠲ࠗ⺆ශ೚࡮಴ᣂ⡞ߦ૶ࠊࠇࠆᢥሼ߇ᣂᢥሼߦ߽ߤߞߚหߓ

ߩଐ㗬ࠍ߽ኈᤃ

ߦฃߌࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

1995 ᐕߦߪ‫⾗ߥ⊛౏ޔ‬㊄ߩࠨࡐ࡯࠻ߩ߽ߣ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ฎᢥሼߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫࠲ߡߞ૶ࠍ࡯࠲࡯ࡘࡇࡦࠦޔ‬ೀⴕߦࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯ࠍዉ౉ߒࠃ߁ߣ޿߁േ߈߇

ࠗᢥሼࠍශ೚ߢ߈ࠆ႐ߪࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ౝߢઁ

ᆎ߹ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫✬ޕ‬㓸⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬ጊ᧲⋭ߩࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲

ߦ߽ሽ࿷ߒߡ޿ߚ‫⷏ޔߪࠇߘޕ‬෺࡯ળ␠ߦ੖ࡩ᦬㑆ߩ㐳ᦼ಴ᒛࠍߒ‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚ⠪ߣߣ߽ߩਛᔃኹ㒮ߣߒߡ 1989 ᐕߦᑪߡࠄࠇߚࡄ࡯࠴ࠚ

ߦ࠲ࠗᢥሼ㧔ᣂᢥሼ㧕ߩࡈࠜࡦ࠻ߩ૞ᚑ‫ޔ‬ᢥሼ౉࡯ኹ  ߢ޽ߞߚ‫࡯ࠚ࠴࡯ࡄޕ‬ኹߦߪ‫ޔ‬1994 ᐕߦജࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߥߤߩ㐿⊒ߦ៤ࠊߞߚ㧔2000 ᐕ 8 ᦬✬࠲ࡓᢥሼ߇ᛂߡࠆ࠲ࠗ࿖ߩࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯߇ዉ౉

㓸⠪߆ࠄߩ⡞߈ขࠅ㧕‫ޕ‬ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ᐞੱ߆ߩ௯ଛ߇ߘࠇࠍ૶߁ᛛⴚࠍりߦߟߌ⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ

ߘߩ޽ߣ‫ߩߤߥ࡯࠲࡯ࡘࡇࡦࠦޔ‬ᯏེ߇ዉ౉ߐ

ߚ 1996 ᐕ߆ࠄታ㓙ߦ࠲ࠗᢥሼߩᛂߜㄟߺ࡮ශ೚

ࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᣂ⡞␠ߩᢥሼᛂߜㄟߺ࡮⚕㕙ߩ࡟ࠗࠕ࠙࠻

ߩ઀੐߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ㧔1999 ᐕࡄ࡯࠴ࠚ࡯

ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ࠲ࠗᣖࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߦኻߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚ㐿⊒ߦኹߢߩࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ߦࠃࠆ㧕‫ޔߪᦼᤨߩߎޕ‬ᣂ⡞␠៤ࠊߞߚጊ᧲⋭ߩࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯ળ␠߆ࠄᵷ㆜ߐߢߩࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯ߦࠃࠆ࠲ࠗ⺆ߩශ೚ߪᣂᢥሼ

ࠇߚᛛⴚ⠪ߦࠃߞߡ⎇ୃ߇߅ߎߥࠊࠇߚ 44)㧔2000ߒ߆ߢ߈ߥ޿⁁ᘒߢ޽ߞߚ‫ࡄࡦ࠰ࡊࠪޔߡߞࠃޕ‬ᐕ 8 ᦬✬㓸⠪߆ࠄߩ⡞߈ขࠅ㧕‫ߦ࡯࠲࡯ࡘࡇࡦࠦޕ‬ࡦ࠽࡯ߢฎᢥሼࠍ૶ߞߚශ೚߇ᔅⷐߥ႐วߪ‫ࡄޔ‬ࠃࠆᣂ⡞߇ೋ߼ߡ಴ߐࠇߚߩߪ 1997 ᐕߩߎߣߢ

࡯࠴ࠚ࡯ኹߦଐ㗬߇ߥߐࠇߚ‫ࡓ࠲ߩߘޔ߇ߛޕ‬ᢥ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬

ሼߪ‫ࠗ࠲ߩࡦ࠘࠻ࡦࠚ࠴ޔ‬ᢥሼ㧔࠲ࠗ࡮ࠢ࡯ࡦᢥ

ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯ൻߦ޽ߚߞߡណ↪ߐࠇߚ࠲ࠗ

ሼ㧕ߢ޽ߞߚߩߢ‫ޔ‬ᓸᅱߥᒻ߇ࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯

ᢥሼߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂᢥሼߩᣇߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬4 ߢ߽ㅀߴߚࠃ߁

ߩᢥሼߣ⇣ߥߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬㆑๺ᗵࠍ⴫᣿ߔࠆ⠪߽޽ߦ‫⺒⾼ޔ‬⠪ᢙߩᷫዋߢᣂ⡞␠ߪฎᢥሼߢߥߊᣂᢥ

ߞߚ‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޕ‬ᣂ⡞ߩ✬㓸⠪߽‫ޔ‬ห᭽ߩᗧ⷗ࠍᜬߞ

ሼࠍ૶ࠊߑࠆࠍᓧߥ޿ᖱᴫߦ޽ߞߚߩߢ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᗧߡ޿ߚ㧔2000 ᐕ 8 ᦬✬㓸⠪߆ࠄߩ⡞߈ขࠅ㧕‫ޕ‬๧ߢߪ⥄ὼߥㆬᛯߣ߽⸒߃ࠆ‫৻ߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬ਛᣂ⡞␠ߢߪฎᢥሼࠍ૶߁ߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ

࿖࿖ౝߩ⁁ᴫߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᵴሼߣหߓߊ‫ޔ‬ᮮ৻೉ߩᢥሼ߇ 47)‫ޔ‬หߓᢥᦠߦ࠲ࠗᢥሼ㧔ᣂᢥሼ㧕ߣਛ࿖⺆ࠍ― 93 ―

ࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ߩ࠲ࠗᢥሼᣂ⡞ߣ࠲ࠗᣖᢥൻ

ᷙߗߡᛂߟߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ߞߚ‫✬ޕ‬㓸⠪ߦࠃࠆߣ‫ޔ‬࠲ࠗᢥሼ߫߆ࠅߩ಴

એ਄⷗ߡ߈ߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ᦨޔ‬ೋߪ᡽ᐭߩࡊࡠࡄࠟࡦ

‛ߛߣߘߩౝኈ߇໧㗴ߩ޽࠳‫⥄ޔ‬ᴦᎺߩਛ࿖౒↥ౄᯏ㑐ߩᯏ㑐⚕ߛߞߚ࠲ࠗ

ࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ⇼޿ࠍ߽ߚࠇࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ⺆ᣂ⡞ߪ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᢥሼࠍᇦ੺ߣߒߚ࠲ࠗᣖᢥൻߩ⊒߇‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆ࠍ౉ࠇߡ߅ߊߣߘߩࠃ߁ߥ໧㗴߇⿠ߎዷ࡮ౣ✬ߩ႐ߣߒߡ߽ᯏ⢻ߒߡ޿ߊࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ࠅߦߊ޿ߣ޿߁㧔2000 ᐕ 8 ᦬✬㓸⠪߆ࠄߩ⡞߈ขߣߊߦᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆߩߪ‫╙ޔ‬྾㕙ߦ߅޿ߡ㊀ⷞߐࠇࠅ㧕‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬ਛ࿖ߩዋᢙ᳃ᣖߣߒߡ‫ࡄࡦ࠰ࡊࠪޔ‬ߚࠞࡓ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣂ⡞ߦឝタߐࠇߚࠞࡓ࡮

ࡦ࠽࡯ߩ࠲ࠗᣖ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⥄ࠄߩᢥൻᵴേࠍዷ

ࠞ࠶ࡊߪ‫ޔ‬᡽ᐭߩࡊࡠࡄࠟࡦ࠳⊛ⷐ⚛ࠍ߽ߟ‫⸥ޔ‬㐿ߒߡ޿ߌ߫޿޿߆‫߁޿ߣޔ‬㕙ߦ㈩ᘦߒߚ߽ߩߢ

⠪࡮✬㓸⠪஥߇૞ߞߚ߽ߩߩઁߦ‫ޔ‬વ⛔⊛ߥౝኈ޽ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠍ฽ࠎߛ⺒⠪ᛩⓂߦࠃࠆࠞࡓ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊ߽฽ࠎߢ޿

ᣂ⡞␠ߩࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯ࠍ૶ߞߡ಴

ߐࠇߚࠆ‫⺒ޕ‬⠪߇ᛩⓂน⢻ߥ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞╙྾㕙ߩሽ࿷ߪ‫ޔ‬߽ߩߦߪ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᥲߩዊဳᣣ߼ߊࠅࠞ࡟ࡦ࠳࡯߿‫ޔ‬࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ࠍ‫ޔ‬ౄ߿᡽ᐭߩትવߩ႐ߣ޿߁ᕈᩰࠍ

࠲ࠗ⺆࡮ਛ࿖⺆↪⺆ㄉౖ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣖߩવ⛔⊛භᤊⴚ⿧߃ߚ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣖ߇⥄ࠄᢥൻࠍ⴫⃻ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ႐ߣ

ߩᧄߥߤ߇᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ  ‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޕ‬ᣂ⡞ߩ✬㓸⠪⥄ߐߖߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔߪߣߎߩߎޕ‬ᣂ⡞ೀⴕߦり߽‫ޔ‬ᚻᦠ߈ᢥᦠࠍ⾗ᢱߣߒߡ㓸߼‫ߒ➏✬ࠄ⥄ޔ‬៤ࠊࠆ⍮⼂ੱ߇‫ޔ‬᡽ᐭߣ᳃ⴐࠍߟߥߋ૏⟎ߦ޽ߞߚᥲ߿ᱧผᦠࠍ಴

ߡࡈ࡟ࠠࠪࡉ࡞ߦേ޿ߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ໂߔࠆ߽ߩ

ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫߿࡯࠳ࡦ࡟ࠞޕ‬ㄉౖߪ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣖ߇ᣣᏱ↢ᵴߩਛߢᔅⷐߣߒߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩ

ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬භᤊⴚߩᧄ߽‫ޔ‬௾␞ߥߤࠍⴕ߁ߩߦ

1980 ᐕઍࠍਛᔃߣߔࠆᢥൻᓳ⥝ߩਛߢ‫ޔ‬ฎᢥࠃ޿ᣣࠍㆬ߱ߚ߼ߦᰳ߆ߖߥ޿‫ޔࠅ߹ߟޕ‬ᣂ⡞␠ሼߩᓳ⥝߽ⴕࠊࠇ‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣂ⡞߽৻ᤨߪ‫ޔ‬ฎᢥሼߪ‫ޔ‬ਥߦ࠲ࠗᣖߩ↢ᵴᢥൻߦ㑐ࠊࠆ಴ᵴേߦᓥߦࠃࠆೀⴕ߇ߥߐࠇߚ߇‫ޔ‬ශ೚ᛛⴚߩᧂᾫߐߦࠃ

੐ߒߡ߈ߚߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ὐߪ‫ߩߤߥౖ⚻ޔ‬ශ೚ߞߡ⺒ߺߠࠄߊ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ᣂਛ࿖ߣߥߞߡએ᧪‫ߢߔޔ‬߇ᄙ޿ࡄ࡯࠴ࠚ࡯ኹߩ߽ߩߣߪ⇣ߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߦᣂᢥሼ߇↢ᵴߦᩮઃ޿ߚ߽ߩߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ

એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡞␠߳ߩࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯ߩዉ

߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ฃߌ౉ࠇࠄࠇߕ‫ޔߦ⊛⚳ᦨޔ‬ᣂᢥሼߦࠃࠆ

౉ߪ‫☋ᦠߩ⺆ࠗ࠲ࠆߌ߅ߦ࡯࠽ࡦࡄࡦ࠰ࡊࠪޔ‬಴ೀⴕߦ⪭ߜ⌕޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ࠍࠃࠅኈᤃߦߒߚ‫ࠗ࠲ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᢥሼߣਛ࿖⺆ࠍ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ߪ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣖߩᢥൻ⴫⃻ߩ႐ࠍឭଏߒ

߭ߣߟߩᢥᦠߩਛߦශ೚ߔࠆߣ޿ߞߚᒻᘒࠍߣࠆ

ߚ߇‫ࠗ࠲ޔߪࠇߘޔ‬ᣖߩੱ‫ߩޘ‬ᣣᏱ↢ᵴߦᩮߑߒ

ߎߣ߽ኈᤃߦߥߞߚ‫ޔߪࠇߘޕ‬ਛ࿖ߩዋᢙ᳃ᣖߣ

ߚᢥൻߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᕁᗐ߿ቬᢎߩ஥㕙ߦ㑐ࠊࠆᢥൻߢ

ߒߡߩ‫ࠗ࠲ߩ࡯࠽ࡦࡄࡦ࠰ࡊࠪޔ‬ᣖߩ಴ᵴേߣߪߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬1980 ᐕઍᓟඨએ㒠ߦ߅ߎ޿߁ᕈᩰࠍᜬߟ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᣂ⡞␠ߪߎߎߦ߅

ߞߚ‫ޔ‬ኻᄖ㐿᡼ߦ઻߁࿖Ⴚߩධߩ࠲ࠗᣖߣߩ੤ᵹ

޿ߡ‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ࠍㅢߒߡߛߌߢߥߊ‫ࠅࠃޔ‬ᐢ޿߿ⷰశ㐿⊒ߦ઻߁࠲ࠗᣖ‫ޟ‬વ⛔‫ޠ‬ᢥൻߩᒝ⺞ߩേ㕙ߢ࠲ࠗᣖᢥൻߩ⊒ዷߦነਈߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ

߈ߣߪ‫ޕࠆ޽ߢߩ߽ߚߒ↹ࠍ✢৻ޔ‬ᣂਛ࿖ߦࠃߞ

߁ߦߥߞߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߡߟߊࠄࠇߚᣂᢥሼߪ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖ߩዋᢙ᳃ᣖߣߒߡߩ㧣 ߅ࠊࠅߦ

࠲ࠗᣖߩᢥൻࠍ⽎ᓽߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޕ‬ᗧ๧ߢߪ‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ߦ៤ࠊߞߚ⍮⼂ੱߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ਛ࿖‫ޠ‬― 94 ―

࠲ࠗ⎇ⓥ No.7 2007ߣ޿߁ᨒ⚵ߺߩਛߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬᳃ᣖᢥൻߩ⴫⃻ࠍᮨ⚝ߒߡ߈ߚߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎ߁ߒߚേ߈ߪ‫╩ޔ‬⠪߇ߔߢߦ⺰ߓߚࡓࡦࡠࡦ
ߩ᳃㑆⍮⼂ੱߩ੐଀ߣ߽‫⸒߽ߢ⺰ᧄޔ‬෸ߒߚࡄ࡯
࠴ࠚ࡯ኹࠍਛᔃߣߔࠆᢥൻᵴേߣ߽⇣ߥࠆ߽ߩߢ
޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬╩⠪ߪ੹ᓟ‫࡯ࠚ࠴࡯ࡄޔ‬ኹߩᢥൻᵴേߥߤ‫ޔ‬੐଀⎇ⓥࠍߐࠄߦㅴ߼ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߘߒߡ‫ߥ߹ߑ߹ߐޔ‬੐଀ࠍߟ߈޽ࠊߖࠆߎߣߦࠃ
ߞߡ‫ޔ‬1980 ᐕઍᓟඨએ㒠ߩࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ߦ߅
ߌࠆ࠲ࠗᣖᢥൻ⊒ዷ࡮ౣ✬ߩ᭽⋧ߩో૕௝ࠍឬ߈
ߛߒ‫ߦࠄߐޔ‬୘‫ߩޘ‬੐଀߇ߘߩో૕௝ߩਛߦߤߩ
ࠃ߁ߦ૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇࠆߩ߆ࠍឭ␜ߔࠆߎߣࠍᦨ⚳⊛ߥ⋡ᮡߣߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬‫ޣ‬ᵈ‫ޤ‬ ‫࡯࠽ࡦࡄࡦ࠰ࡊࠪޟ‬5KRUQPIRCPPC‫ޔࠅ޽ߢ⺆ࠗ࠲ߪޠ‬ࠪࡊ࠰ࡦߪ ‫ޟߪ࡯࠽ࡦࡄޔ‬ජߩ↰‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ᗧ๧ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߘࠇߪਛ࿖⺆ߢߪ‫⷏ޟ‬෺ ⚊ ZKUJWCPIDCPPC‫ߣޠ‬㖸⸶ߐࠇ‫⥄ޔ‬ᴦᎺฬߦ߽૶ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⺰ᧄޕ‬ᢥߢߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬࿾ၞࠍᜰߔߩߦ‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ේ⺆ߩ ઒ฬ⴫⸥‫࠰ࡊࠪޟࠅ߹ߟޔ‬ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯‫ࠍޠ‬೑↪ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ‫ࠗ࠲ޟ‬ᣖ‫᧲ޔߪޠ‬ධࠕࠫࠕᄢ㒽ㇱߩ࠲ࠗ 6JCK ࿖‫࡜ޔ‬ࠝࠬ‫࡯ࡑࡦࡖࡒޔ‬㧔ࡆ࡞ࡑ㧕ߩࠪࡖࡦᎺ‫ߩࡓ࠽࠻ࡌޔ‬ർㇱߥߤߩᐢ޿࿾ၞߦዬ૑ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬᭽‫ࡊ࡯࡞ࠣࡉࠨߥޘ‬߇޽ࠆ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ߩਛ࿖㔕ධ⋭⷏෺ ⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺߩ࠲ࠗᣖ
㧔࠲ࠗ࡮࡞࡯㧕ߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ਛߩ৻ߟߩࠨࡉࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᧄⓂߦ߅ߌࠆ‫ࠗ࠲ޟ‬ᣖ‫ޔޠ‬‫ޔޠ⺆ࠗ࠲ޟ‬‫ࠗ࠲ޟ‬ᢥሼ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬⴫⃻ߪ‫⷏ޔ‬෺ ⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺߦ૑ࠎߢ޿ࠆ࠲ࠗᣖߣߘߩ
⸒⺆࡮ᢥሼߩߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߎߢ޿߁㨬વ⛔⊛㨭࠲ࠗࡊߩ⍮⼂ੱߣߪ‫ޔ‬Ყセ⊛㐳ᦼ㑆ߩ಴ኅߦࠃߞߡ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᢥሼߩ⺒ߺᦠ߈ߪ߽ߜࠈࠎ‫ߐޔ‬߹ߑ߹ߥ⍮⼂ࠍりߦߟߌߚੱ‫ࠍߣߎߩޘ‬ᜰߔ‫ޕ‬ ߘߎߦߪ✬㓸⠪ߩ୘ੱ⊛ߥ⷗⸃߽౉ߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦ
ᵈᗧߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ࠍ⺰⼏ޔ‬ㅴ߼ߚ޿‫ޕ‬ ‫⷏ޡ‬෺ ⚊੖චᐕ ̆‫ࡦࡄࡦ࠰ࡊࠪޔߪޢ‬࠽࡯߇ਛ⪇ੱ᳃౒๺࿖ߦ⚵ߺ౉ࠇࠄࠇߚ  ๟ᐕࠍ⸥ᔨ
ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖౒↥ౄ⷏෺ ⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺᆔຬળߩౄผᓕ㓸⎇ⓥቶ߇✬➏ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫✬ޕ‬ᐕผߣߒߡ㗄⋡ࠍᐕઍ㗅ߦਗߴࠆᒻߢᦠ߆ࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ߩߟߣ߭ߟߣ߭ޔ‬੐ઙ࡮੐⽎ߩ߅ߎߞߚᐕ᦬ߪᱜ⏕ߦ⸥ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ߚߛߒ੐ઙ࡮੐⽎ߦኻߔࠆੱ‫ߩޘ‬ኻᔕ߿ᗵᖱ‫ߘ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ߩ੐ઙ࡮੐⽎ߩ⹏ଔߩㇱಽߪ‫ᤨ➏✬ޔ‬ὐߩਛ࿖౒↥ౄߩ┙႐߆ࠄឬ߆ࠇߚㇱಽߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᵈᗧߒߡขࠅᛒࠊߨ߫ߥ
ࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ‫⷏ޡ‬෺ ⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺᔒ‫ޔߪޢ‬਄ਛਅߩਃౠ߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ߘߩਛߢ਄ౠߩ‫ޟ‬Ꮞ౐ ਛ౒⷏෺ ⚊⚵❱‫ߣޠ‬ਅౠߩ‫ޟ‬Ꮞ྾ච ႎೀㅢㄦ‫ࠍޠ‬ෳᾖߔࠆ‫ౕޔ߽ࠄߜߎޕ‬૕⊛੐ઙ࡮੐⽎ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᐕ᦬ߥߤ߇ᱜ⏕ߦ⸥ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ
⠨߃ߡࠃ޿‫ࠅߪ߿ޔ߇ߛޕ‬᡽ᐭߩ౏⊛ߥ┙႐߆ࠄ✬㓸࡮಴ ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ၫ╩ᤨὐߢߩ౏ᑼ⷗⸃ߩᨒౝ
ߢߩ⸥ㅀߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦߪ⇐ᗧߔߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ਛ࿖⺆ߢᦠ߆ࠇߚ⾗ᢱߩ⺒⸃ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ട⮮ਭ⟤ሶ᳁ߩදജࠍᓧߚ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᢥሼᡷㅴᴺ᩺ߪ  ᐕߦㆀⴕߐࠇߪߓ߼
ߚߣ޿߁=ਛ౒⷏෺ ⚊Ꮊᆔౄผᓕ㓸⎇ⓥቶ✬ 㧦?‫ޕ‬  ᐕߩ⷏෺ ⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦ඙ᚑ┙ߣหᤨߦ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖౒↥ౄ⷏෺ ⚊඙ㄝ⇴Ꮏ૞ᆔຬળ߇⚵❱ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖౒↥ౄᕁ⨆࿾ᣇᆔຬળ㧔 ᐕ  ᦬ߦᡷ⒓ߐࠇࠆ೨ߪካᵭ࿾඙ᆔ
ຬળ㧕ߦᜰዉߐࠇࠆߎߣߣߥߞߚ=⷏෺ ⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬ C㧦ᕁ⨆࿾඙࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬ 㧦?‫ ޕ‬ᐕߦ⷏෺ ⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦ඙߇⷏෺
⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺߣᡷฬߐࠇߚ޽ߣ‫⷏ޔ‬෺ ⚊඙ㄝ⇴Ꮏ૞ᆔຬળ߽⷏෺ ⚊Ꮊㄝ⇴Ꮏ૞ᆔຬળߣߥߞߚ=⷏෺ ⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬ C㧦?‫ޕ‬ ‫⷏ޡ‬෺ ⚊੖චᐕ‫  ߪ‛ᦠ߁޿ߣޢ‬ᐕߦ✬➏ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ‫  ߩߘߪࠇߎޔ‬ᐕߩᤨὐߢߩ૏⟎ߠߌߢ޽ࠆน⢻ᕈ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࠲ࠗᢥሼߩᵴሼߪ‫ޔ‬ർ੩ᣂ⪇ሼᮨ෧ߢ૞ࠄࠇߚ=⷏෺⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬ 㨎㧦?‫ޕ‬ ഃೀᒰᤨ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡞␠ߦߪ‫⸥ޔ‬⠪࡮✬㓸⠪  ੱ‫ޔ‬ශ೚ᚲߢ௛ߊ⠪  ੱߩ⸘  ੱ߇޿ߚ=⷏෺ ⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬D㧦?‫ޕ‬ ᣂ⡞ߩ⊒ೀߦߪ‫ޔ‬㔕ධ⋭᳃ᣖᆔຬળ‫ޔ‬㔕ධ⋭ᢥൻᐡ‫ޔ‬ᕁ⨆࿾ᣇᆔຬળߩᜰ␜࡮㈩ᘦ߇޽ߞߚߣ߽ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ=⷏෺ ⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬ 㨎㧦?‫ޕ‬  ᐕ  ᦬ߦߪ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬࿖ߩ‫ޟ‬ᣂ⡞ઍ⴫࿅‫࠰ࡊࠪ߇ޠ‬ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ߩᣂ⡞␠ࠍ⸰໧ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⺆ࠗ࠲ޕ‬ᣂ⡞ߩ࠲ࠗ⺆ฬ⒓᳿ቯߦߪ‫⸰ߩߘޔ‬໧߇ᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇
޽ࠆ=⷏෺ ⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬ D?‫ޕ‬ ‫ޟ‬ᄢべㅴ‫߁઻ߦࠇߘߣޠ‬ᕁᗐ⛔೙ߩേ߈ߩਛߢ‫ޔ‬ᢥൻ⊛ᵴേ߽ⷙ೙ࠍฃߌߚ‫ޕ‬  ᐕߦߥࠆߣ‫ޟ‬ᄢべㅴ‫ߚࠇߐߥߡߞ઻ߦޠ‬ฦ⒳ߩ
ᢥൻⷙ೙߇ᒙ߹ߞߡ߈ߚߣ޿߁‫ࠗ࠲ޕ‬ᢥሼ࡮࠲ࠗᢥൻߦ
㑐ߒߡ߽ห᭽ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ ޕ‬ᐕߦߪቇᩞߢᣂ࠲ࠗᢥሼ߇
ᢎ߃ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ‫౏ޔࠈߎߩߘޔߚ߹ޕ‬ോຬߣߒߡൕ߼ߡ޿ߚ࠲ࠗᣖ⍮⼂ੱߚߜ߇‫ߩ࡯࠽ࡦࡄࡦ࠰ࡊࠪޔ‬ᱧผࠍ✬㓸ߒߡ಴ ߢ߈ࠆ⁁ᴫ߽޽ࠄࠊࠇߚ㧔 ᐕ‫ޔ‬⷏෺ ⚊ᵏᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ᡽ᴦද໡ળ⼏ᢥผ᳃ᣖቬᢎㅪ⛊ᆔຬળߩᆔຬ㐳㧔࠲ࠗᣖ㧕߳ߩࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ߦࠃࠆ㧕‫ޕ‬  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ߆ࠄ  ᣣ߹ߢߩ㑆ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆ᣂ⡞ߪ  ࿁ߩߺ⊒ⴕߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ એਅ‫ࠆ޿ߡߞ߆ࠊޔ‬㒢ࠅߩ⊒ⴕㇱᢙࠍ‫ޔ‬ᐕߏߣߦ‫ޔ‬࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞⊒ⴕㇱᢙ㧦ਛ࿖⺆ᣂ⡞⊒ⴕㇱᢙߢ޽ࠄࠊߔ‫ޕ‬=⷏෺ ⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬D㧦?
 ᐕ 
 ᐕ 
 ᐕ 
 ᐕ 
 ᐕ 
 ᐕ ਇ᣿

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ࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ߩ࠲ࠗᢥሼᣂ⡞ߣ࠲ࠗᣖᢥൻ

 ᐕ ਇ᣿
 ᐕ ਇ᣿
 ᐕ 
 ᐕ 
 ᐕ 
 ᐕ 
 ᐕ  ᦬ߩᤨὐߢߪ‫ ⺆ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣂ⡞ߪ੖ජㇱ⊒ⴕߐࠇߡ޿ߚߣ޿߁㧔 ᐕ  ᦬✬㓸⠪߆ࠄߩ⡞߈ขࠅ㧕‫߹ޕ‬ߚ‫ ޔ‬ᐕߩ⊒ⴕㇱᢙߪ‫౐ޔ‬ජㇱࠍ⿥߃ߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁
㧔 ᐕ  ᦬✬㓸⠪߆ࠄߩ⡞߈ขࠅ㧕‫ޕ‬ ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯࡞࡯ࡓߪ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆ᣂ⡞ߩࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߣ
౒หߩㇱደߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬  ᐕ⚳ࠊࠅߩᲑ㓏ߢ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡞␠✬㓸ㇱߦߪోㇱߢ ੱߩࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ߇߅ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬ਛߢ࠲ࠗᣖ߇  ੱߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬߹ߚශ೚ᚲߦߪోㇱߢ  ੱ߇௛޿ߡ߅ࠅ=⷏෺ ⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬D㧦?‫ߩߘޔ‬ਛߦ߽࠲ࠗᣖߪ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᓐߪ࠴ࠚࡦࡈࡦ㇠ᄖߩ᧛ߢ↢߹ࠇ‫ ޔ‬ᐕߦዋᐕ௯
ߣߒߡ಴ኅߒ  ᐕߦㆶଶߒߚ‫ ޕ‬ᐕߦߪਛቇᩞߦ౉ࠅ  ᐕ㑆ߩᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌߚ‫ޕ‬ᢥൻᄢ㕟๮⚳ੌᓟ‫ ޔ‬ᐕߦ㔕ධ᳃ᣖቇ㒮ߦ౉ቇߒතᬺᓟߦࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ߦ
Ꮻߞߡ߈ߡ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡞␠ߩ✬㓸⠪ߦછ๮ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ᓐߪ‫ޔ‬㕖Ᏹߦ⟤ߒ޿࠲ࠗᢥሼߩฎᢥሼ㧔 ෳᾖ㧕ࠍᦠߊߎߣ߇ߢ߈‫ޔ‬ർ੩ߢ㐿߆ࠇߚශ೚↪ߩዋᢙ᳃ᣖᢥሼ࠺
ࠩࠗࡦࠦࡦ࠹ࠬ࠻ߢ৻╬⾨ࠍขߞߚߎߣ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᓐߪ  ᐕ  ᦬ߦᱜᑼߦ⷏෺ ⚊ႎ␠ߩ‫ޟ‬೽✚✬‫ޠ‬ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ╩⠪߽ߘߩ㘩੐ળߦ⺃ࠊࠇ‫ޔ‬૗ᐲ߽ෳടߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ‫ޔ‬㔕ධ᳃ᣖቇ㒮߽߳ㅍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ৻ᣇ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖ౝߩ৻ዋᢙ᳃ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ਛᄩߦኻߒߡ⥄ࠄࠍਥᒛߔࠆߣ޿߁㕙߽޽ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ╩⠪ߪ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ߆ࠄ  ᦬  ᣣߩ⚂  ࡩ᦬㑆ߩ࠲ࠗ⺆ᣂ⡞ࠍ⷗ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬㧠   ߢಽᨆߒߚ
ߩ߽‫ߩࠄࠇߘޔ‬ᣂ⡞ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߣߞ߽ࠄߥ᧪ᧄޕ‬㐳޿ᦼ㑆ߦࠊߚࠆᣂ⡞ߩಽᨆ߇ᔅⷐߛ߇‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖ੱ߇ᣂ⡞ࠍ⾼⺒ߒߚࠅࡃ࠶ࠢ࠽ࡦࡃ࡯ࠍ㑛ⷩߒߚࠅߔࠆߎߣ߇㔍ߒ޿ߚ߼‫ޔ‬੹࿁ߪߘࠇࠍߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ࠴ࡖ࡯ࡦ࡮ࡇ࡯%JCCPI2KK ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ╍ߩ็߈ᚻߩ
╍ߩ㖸ߦวࠊߖߡ‫ޔ‬᳿߹ߞߚᣓᓞߦߩߖߡ᱌ࠊࠇࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ࡈ࡟࡯࠭᱌߁ߣ‫ޔ‬⍴޿╍ߩ⁛ᄼ߇౉ࠅ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬หߓᣓᓞߦ
ߩߖߡᰴߩࡈ࡟࡯࠭ࠍ᱌߁‫ޕ‬᱌⹖ߪ߶߷᳿߹ߞߡ޿ࠆ߽
ߩ߽޽ࠆ߇‫ߩߘޔ‬႐วߦ߽හ⥝ߩㇱಽࠍઃߌട߃ࠆߎߣ
߇ᄙ޿‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ߤࠎߣ߶ޔ‬හ⥝ߢ᱌ࠊࠇࠆ᱌߽޽ࠆ‫ࡖ࠴ޕ‬࡯ࡦ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊߦߪ↵ᕈ߽ᅚᕈ߽޿ߡ‫↵ޔ‬ᅚ৻ੱߕߟߩ࠴
ࡖ࡯ࡦ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊ߇੤ઍߢ᱌߁ߎߣ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬᱌ߩౝኈߪ‫ޔ‬໧޿ߣ╵߃ߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ដߌว޿ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࠞ࠶ࡊ߇᱌ࠊࠇࠆઍ⴫⊛ߥ႐ߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂ▽௾␞࡮⚿ᇕᑼ࡮࠲ࠗᥲߩᣂᐕߩⴕ੐࡮᧛ߩ቞⼔㔤௾␞࡮᧛ߩዋᐕ
௯಴ኅ௾ᑼߥߤ߇޽ࠆ‫ߩࡊ࠶ࠞޕ‬ౝኈߪ‫ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬௾␞࡮⑂੐ߩౝኈߦහߒߚ߽ߩߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬௾␞ߩ႐ߢߪ‫ޔ‬቞⼔㔤ࠍ๭߮ነߖࠆߩߦࠞ࠶ࡊ߇᱌ࠊࠇࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠆ‫߹ޕ‬ߚ‫ޔ‬ᣂ▽௾␞࡮⚿ᇕᑼߥߤߢߪ‫ޔ‬ቴ߇ᄛㅢߒኃળࠍ⛯ߌࠆߩߦวࠊߖߡ‫᥅৻ޔ‬ਛ᱌߁ߎߣ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ㄭᐕߪࡆ࠺ࠝ㧯㧰ߩౣ↢ᯏ߇৻⥸ኅᐸߦᐢߊ޿߈ࠊ
ߚߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᛩⓂߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߩߪ‫ ޔ‬ᐕ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ
㧔 ᐕ  ᦬✬㓸⠪߆ࠄߩ⡞߈ขࠅߦࠃࠆ㧕‫ޕ‬ ේⓂᢱߪ‫ߩࡊ࠶ࠞ࡮ࡓࠞޔ‬㐳ߐߥߤߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬྾චర߆ࠄ⊖రߩ㑆ߢ޽ࠆ㧔 ᐕ  ᦬✬㓸⠪߆ࠄߩ⡞߈ขࠅߦࠃࠆ㧕‫ޕ‬ ߘߩ૞⠪ߩฬ೨ߥߤߦࠃߞߡ್ᢿߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ᧄⓂߢ⸒߁‫ ࠗ࠲ޟ‬6CK ᣖ‫ ࠗ࠲ޔߪߣޠ‬6CK ⺆ࠍ⹤ߒ‫ޔ‬਄ᐳ੽ᢎࠍାߓ‫ࡓ࠲ޔ‬ᢥሼᢥൻࠍᜬߞߡ޿ߡ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷‫ޔ‬ਛ⪇ੱ᳃౒๺࿖࡮ࡒࡖࡦࡑ࡯࡮࡜ࠝࠬ࡮࠲ࠗߩ྾ߟߩ࿖ߩ
࿖Ⴚࠍ〙޿ߢዬ૑ߒߡ޿ࠆࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߜ߁ߩߘޕ‬ਛ⪇ੱ᳃౒๺࿖࡮ࡒࡖࡦࡑ࡯ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ዋᢙ᳃ᣖߣ޿
߁ᛒ޿ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ ਛ⪇ੱ᳃౒๺࿖ߩ⷏෺ ⚊⥄ᴦᎺߩ࠲ࠗᣖߪ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆ߢߪ‫ޟ‬嫊ᣖ‫ޠ‬㧔ࡠ࡯ࡑሼ⴫⸥ߪ FCK\W㧕ߣ๭߫ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓐࠄߪ‫ޔ‬หߓ࿾ၞߩઁ᳃ᣖߣ⥄ಽߚߜߣࠍ඙೎ߒߚ޿ߣ
߈ߦߪ⥄ಽߚߜࠍ‫ ࠗ࠲ޟ‬6CK‫ߣޠ‬๭ࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫৻ߚ߹ޕ‬ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬ᓐࠄߪ‫࡯࡞ࠗ࠲ޟ‬6CK.WG‫ߣޠ‬๭߫ࠇࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࠲ࠗ࡞࡯ߩ‫ߪޠ࡯࡞ޟ‬ర‫ߩ⺆ࠗ࠲ޔޘ‬ᣇ⸒ߩ৻ߟࠍ␜
ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠗ࠲ޕ‬ᣖߩಽᏓߔࠆᐢ޿࿾ၞߩਛߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᢥሼߪหߓߛ߇‫⊒ޔ‬㖸ߩ㆑޿ߥߤᣇ⸒Ꮕ߇޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ਛߩ৻ߟߩᣇ⸒♽⛔ࠍ‫ߣ࡯࡞ޕࠆ޽ߢߩ߁޿ߣޠ࡯࡞ޟ‬๭߫ࠇࠆੱߚߜߪ‫ࠍ࡯࠽ࡦࡄࡦ࠰ࡊࠪޔ‬ਛᔃߣߒߡዬ૑ߒߡ޿ࠆ
߇‫ޔ‬⒖૑ߔࠆߥߤߒߡઁߩ࿾ၞߦ૑ࠎߢ޿ࠆ႐ว߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬଀߃߫࠲ࠗ࿖ߩർㇱ‫ߩࠬࠝ࡜ޔ‬ർㇱ‫ࡦࡖࠪߩࡑ࡞ࡆޔ‬Ꮊߦ߽‫ߪޠ࡯࡞ࠗ࠲ޟ‬૑ࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫ޠ࡯࡞ࠗ࠲ޟޔࠅ߹ߟޕ‬ߣ޿߁๭߮ᣇߢቴⷰ⊛ߦ␜ߐࠇࠆߩߪ‫ޔ‬‫ࡦࡄࡦ࠰ࡊࠪޟ‬࠽࡯‫߇ޠ‬ਛᔃ߹ߚߪ‫ࠍޠ࡯࠽ࡦࡄࡦ࠰ࡊࠪޟ‬᡿࿾ߣߔࠆ
࠲ࠗᣖߩ৻ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߥߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ߩ౮ᧄߪ‫ߣࡊ࠶ࡐޔ‬๭߫ࠇࠆ⚕ߩ᛬ࠅ✄ߓᧄߩᒻᘒࠍߣߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ᄙ޿‫ޔߪߦࡊ࠶ࡐޕ‬ࠨ࡯ߣ޿߁ᧁ㧔ࠞࠫࡁࠠ㧕߆ࠄ૞ࠄࠇߚ⚕߇૶ࠊࠇࠆ㧔ࡐ࠶ࡊ࡮ࠨ࡯㧕
‫ߚࠇ߆ᦠߦ⪲⽴ߦઁޕ‬౮ᧄ߽޽ࠆ߇‫⪲⽴ޔ‬ߦ࠲ࡓࠍᦠߊߩߦߪ․ᱶߥᛛⴚ߇ᔅⷐߣߐࠇࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᦨㄭߢߪ᥉ㅢߩ⚕ߦᦠ߆ࠇࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
 G 嫊ᢥ㧔࠲ࠗᢥሼ㧕ᡷㅴᴺ᩺ߪ  ᐕߦㆀⴕߐࠇߪ
ߓ߼ߚ=‫⷏ޡ‬෺ ⚊੖චᐕ‫ޢ‬㧦?‫ޕ‬ṽሼߪਇ᣿ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ޿ߕࠇ߽ਛ࿖⺆ฬߢ‫ޔ‬೎ߦ࠲ࠗ⺆ฬࠍ߽ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߥ߅ಷ਎ൌߪ‫ޔ‬೨ઍߩ‫ޔࠅ޽ߢ↧ߩޠ₺ޟ‬හ૏௾ᑼࠍ߅ߎߥߞߚᓟ߽ධ੩ߦ߽ߤߞߡീቇࠍߟߠߌߚ‫ޕ‬ᡰ㈩⠪ጀߩਛߦߪᓐ߇₺૏ߦߟߊߩߦ෻ኻߔࠆ߽ߩ߽ᄙ߆
ߞߚߣߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬෻ኻ⠪ߦߪ๔ߍࠄࠇߥ޿߹߹ᓐߪ৻ᤨ⊛ߦࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ߦ߽ߤࠅ‫ޔ‬෻ኻ⠪߇⇣⺰ࠍ໒߃ࠆ㑆ࠍਈ߃ߥ޿߁ߜߦහ૏ᑼ߇߅ߎߥࠊࠇߚߣ޿߁⹤߽߈
ߊߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ ᯏ㑐ฬߪ‫ߢ⺆ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᗧ๧߇ㅢߓࠆࠃ߁ߦ⸶ߐࠇࠆߎ
ߣߪዋߥߊ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆㖸߇ᄖ᧪⺆ߣߒߡߘߩ߹߹࠲ࠗ⺆ߦ౉ߞߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩ߇ᄙ޿‫ޔߪߩࠆ޿ߡࠇ߆ᦠߦ᧼⋴ޕ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߦߚߣ߃ߡ⸒߃߫‫ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ߩේ⺆ߩᮮߦࠞ࠲ࠞ࠽⴫⸥
ࠍߒߚ߽ߩ‫ߺ⺒ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬઒ฬࠍ⸥ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ਛ࿖⺆ߩ⋴᧼ߪ❑ᦠ߈ߦߐࠇࠆߚ߼‫᧪ᧄޔ‬ᮮᦠ߈ߐࠇࠆ
ߴ߈࠲ࠗᢥሼ߽ṽሼ৻ሼ৻ሼߦኻᔕߔࠆ㖸ߏߣߦಾࠄ
ࠇ‫ߦ❑ޔ‬ਗߴࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ߘߩౝኈߪ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣖߩഃ਎␹⹤ 2CVCOCMCR2JQOUCPINQM ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᚻᦠ߈ᢥሼߢᦠ߆ࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ߞ
ߚ=&CQ)WQ<JWPI#CK7P2KPI?‫ޕ‬ ߎࠇߪฎᢥሼࠍ᳞߼ࠆ⺒⠪ߣᣂᢥሼࠍ᳞߼ࠆ⺒⠪ਔᣇࠍḩ⿷ߐߖࠆߚ߼ߦขࠄࠇߚᣇ╷ߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁=⷏෺⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬D㧦?

― 96 ―

࠲ࠗ⎇ⓥ No.7 2007 ੖ජㇱߣ޿߁ᢙሼߪ‫ޔ‬‫⷏ޡ‬෺ ⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺᔒ‫⸥ߩޢ‬ㅀߣᲧセߔࠆߣᄙߔ߉ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᵈ  ෳᾖ=⷏෺ ⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬D㧦?‫✬ޕ‬㓸⠪ߪࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ߦ╵߃ߚᒰᤨߩ⊒ⴕㇱᢙࠍ‫ߡߟ߆ޔ‬ᣂᢥሼߢᣂ⡞ࠍೀⴕߒߡ޿ߚᤨߩㇱᢙߣขࠅ㆑߃ߡ╵߃ߚߩ߆߽ߒ
ࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ‫⷏ޡ‬෺ ⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺᔒ‫ޔߪߢޢ‬ᄢㇱಽߩ㕍ᐕ࡮ჽᐕ߇ฎᢥሼࠍ⺒߼ߥ޿ߚ߼‫⺒⾼ޔ‬⠪ᢙ߇ᷫߞߡߒ߹ߞߚ
ߣߩߺᦠ߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆ=⷏෺ ⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬D㧦? ߘߩᓟ‫ߣࠇߘޔ‬ㅪേߔࠆᒻߢ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᣖߩሶߤ߽ߚߜ
ߦዊቇᩞߢᢎ߃ࠄࠇࠆ࠲ࠗᢥሼ߽‫ޔ‬ฎᢥሼ߆ࠄᣂᢥሼߦ
߽ߤߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᛛⴚ㕙ߩࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ߇ਃੱߩ߁ߜ‫ޔ‬ᢥሼ౉ജߪోຬ߇
⠌ᓧߒߚ߇‫⚕ޔ‬㕙ߩ࡟ࠗࠕ࠙࠻㧔ਛ࿖⺆ߢឃ ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ㧕ߪ৻ੱߒ߆ߢ߈ߥ޿⁁ᘒߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁‫ޕ‬ ߽ߒᣂ⡞૞ᚑߦࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯ࠍዉ౉ߔࠆ⸘↹߇ฎᢥሼ߆ࠄᣂᢥሼ߳ߩォ឵ߩ㓙ߦߔߢߦ޽ߞߚ߽ߩߛߣ
ߒߚࠄ‫࡯࠲࡯ࡘࡇࡦࠦޔ‬ൻߪᣂ⡞ߦ૶ࠊࠇࠆᢥሼ߇ᣂᢥ
ሼߦᚯߞߡߒ߹ߞߚ੹৻ߟߩℂ↱ߢ޽ࠆน⢻ᕈ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩኹߦ‫ޔ‬㔕ධ⋭੽ᢎදળߩ⷏෺ ⚊ᡰㇱ߇⟎߆ࠇߚ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇߢߎߩኹߦߪ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬࿖ߥߤ࿖Ⴚߩධ߆ࠄ߽ߚࠄ
ߐࠇߚᢥൻߩᓇ㗀߇ᒝ޿‫ߩߎޕ‬ኹߦ⚊߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ੽௝
ߪࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯᭽ᑼߢߪߥߊ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬࿖߆ࠄߩャ౉ຠߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠗ࠲ߪߦߎߎߚ߹ޕ‬࿖ߦ⇐ቇߒߚ௯ଛߚߜ߇ᢎ߃
ࠆ੽ᢎቇᩞ߇⟎߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫↢ޕ‬ᓤߪ⧯޿௯ଛߚߜߛ߇‫ޔ‬৻⥸ੱะߌߩࠦ࡯߽ࠬ޽ࠅ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬࿖⺆࡮ࡆ࡞ࡑ⺆࡮⧷⺆ߥߤߩᄖ࿖⺆߽ᢎ߃ߡࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࡢ࠶࠻࡮ࡄ࡯࠴ࠚ࡯ߪ‫ޔ‬࿖Ⴚߩධߩ࠲ࠗᣖߣߩ㑐ଥࠍ㊀ⷞߒ‫ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᢥൻࠍ⊒ዷߐߖߡ޿ߎ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆߣ૏⟎ߠߌࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᵴേߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬೎Ⓜߢ⹦ߒߊ⺰ߓࠄࠇߨ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ᣂ⡞␠ߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᓟ‫ޔ‬ฎᢥሼ߽ዉ౉ߒࠃ߁ߣߩ⸘↹߇ㅴ߼ߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ߛ߹ޔ‬ታ⃻ߒߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ฎᢥሼߪ‫ޔ‬వߦ߽ㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߦ਄ਅߦᢥሼ࡮⸥ภ߇ߟߊ‫ޕ‬ᢥሼ౉ജߩᣇᴺ
ߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ሶ㖸ሼ࡮Უ㖸ሼ࡮⸥ภࠍ฽߼ߚ߽ߩࠍ৻න૏
ߣ⷗ߥߒ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆ߩṽሼߣหߓ‫ޟ‬੖╩ဳ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ᢥሼߩ
ᒻߩ․ᓽ߆ࠄ౉ജߔࠆᣇᑼ߇ขࠆࠃ߁‫ޔ‬ᮨ⚝ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬߽ߒ‫ޔ‬ห᭽ߦ਄ਅߦᢥሼ࡮⸥ภߩߟߊᢥሼࠍᛂߟߎߣ߇
ߢ߈ࠆ࠲ࠗ࿖ᢥሼߥߤ‫ޔ‬࿖Ⴚߩධߩ࠲ࠗᣖ࿾ၞߢߔߢߦ
ขࠄࠇߡ޿ߚᣇᑼࠍෳ⠨ߦߒߡ޿ߚࠄ‫ߦ࡯ࠠߩߟߣ߭ޔ‬߭ߣߟߩᢥሼ߇ኻᔕߔࠆᒻߢߩ౉ജᣇᴺ߽น⢻ߢ޽ߞߚߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ߪࠇߘޔ߇ߛޕ‬ෳᾖߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫޿߁ߘޕ‬߁ᗧ๧ߢߎߩ⹜ߺߪ‫ޔ‬࿖Ⴚߩධߣߟߥ߇ࠆ㨬࠲ࠗᣖ㨭ߩᢥሼߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖ߩዋᢙ᳃ᣖߣߒߡߩ࠲ࠗᣖߩᢥሼߣߒ
ߡ‫ޔ‬ฎᢥሼࠍࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯ߢ૶߃ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆ߽ߩߣ
૏⟎ߠߌࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ଀߃߫‫ޔ‬㧝㧕࠽ࡦࠬ࡯࡮ࡄࠞ࠻࠘࡯ࡦ㧔ᥲ‫ ޔ‬ᐕߦ಴ 㧕㧞㧕ࡊࡦࡓࡦ࡮ࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯㧔ࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄ
ࡦ࠽࡯ߩᱧผ‫ ޔ‬ᐕߦ಴ 㧕 㧟㧕ࡐ࠶ࡊ࡮࠻࡯ࡎ࡯
࠻࡯࠲ࠗ࡮࠹ࡓࠞࡦ㧔‫ޡ‬ṽ嫊ሼౖ‫ޢ‬‫₹ޔ‬ᐽ‫ޔ‬ጤ➼‫ޔ‬ᒛ⑺↢✬⪺  ᐕ‫ޔ‬㔕ධ᳃ᣖ಴ ␠㧕ߥߤ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ޣ‬ෳ⠨ᢥ₂‫ޤ‬㚍႐㓶ม 1990‫ޟ‬㔕ධ࠲ࠗ࡮࡞࡯ᣖߩ࠷ࠔ࡯ࡦࡂࡊ㧔⾥ລ㧕̆̆᱌㧔ࡂࡊ㧕ࠍኾ㐷ߣߔࠆ⡯⢻⠪ߩ⻉⋧‫ޠ‬⮮੗⍮ᤘ࡮㚍႐㓶ม✬‫ޡ‬⡯⢻ߣߒߡߩ㖸ᭉ‫᧲ޢ‬੩ᦠ☋Baba Yuji. 2007. Recent Changes in Tai-Lue Folksong (Khap Lue) in Northern Thailand and Yunnan,
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Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology. pp.91-105.
Dao Guo Zhung, Aai Un Pi ng (ed.) 1988. Pap Khamkhap Patamakap Phomsam Lok. (࠲ࠗ⺆) 㔕ධ᳃ᣖ಴␠

Davis, S. 1998.Buddhist Song-Tales and Singers of Sipsongbanna, China (A Field Report). Paper
Presented at the International Conference on Tai Studies, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 29-31
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Evans, Grant. 2001. Transformation of Jinghong, Xishuangbanna, PRC. In G. Evans et al. (eds.),

Where China Meets Southeast Asia: Social&Cultural Change in the Border Regions. Singapore:
Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp.162-182.
㐳⼱Ꮉᷡ 2001‫ⷰޟ‬శ㐿⊒ߣ᳃ᣖ␠ળߩᄌኈ㧙㔕ධ⋭࡮⷏෺᳃ᣖߣ⚻ᷣ‫ޢ‬਎⇇ᕁᗐ␠‫ޕ‬― 97 ―⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ‫ޠ‬૒‫ᧁޘ‬ାᓆ✬‫⃻ޡ‬ઍਛ࿖ߩࠪࡊ࠰ࡦࡄࡦ࠽࡯ߩ࠲ࠗᢥሼᣂ⡞ߣ࠲ࠗᣖᢥൻ

ࠗࠨ࡜࡯࡮ࡗ࡯࠽࠲࡯ࡦ 2006 㨬࠲ࠗᣖ࿷࿾⍮⼂ੱߦࠃࠆࡓࡦߩ‫ޟ‬ᱧผ‫ࡦࡠࡦࡓߩ࡯࠽ࡦࡄࡦ࠰ࡊࠪ̆ޠ‬㧔ቃജ㦖㧕ߩ੐଀㨭‫ޡ‬ᐕႎ ࠲ࠗ⎇ⓥ‫ޢ‬㧢‫ޕ‬᥊ᵩ⋵࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬ 2000‫ޡ‬᥊ᵩ⋵ᔒ‫ޢ‬㔕ධੱ᳃಴⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ࿾ᣇᔒ✬➏ᆔຬળ✬ 2002a.‫ޟ‬Ꮞ౐ ਛ౒⷏෺

⷏෺

ౠ ᣂ⪇಴

‫⷏ޝ‬෺

⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺᔒ‫ޢ‬ਅౠ ᣂ⪇಴⚊⥄ᴦᎺ᭎ᴫ‫✬ޞ‬౮⚵ 1986.‫⷏ޡ‬෺⚊ᐕ㐓✬ポᆔຬળ 1997‫⷏ޡ‬෺⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺᔒ‫ޢ‬਄␠‫ޕ‬⚊嫊ᣖ⥄ᴦᎺ᭎ᴫ‫ޢ‬㔕ධ᳃ᣖ಴⚊ᐕ㐓1997‫ޢ‬㔕ධ⑼ᛛ಴

₹ᐽ‫ޔ‬ጤ➼‫ޔ‬ᒛ⑺↢✬⪺ 2000‫ޡ‬ṽ嫊ሼౖ‫ޢ‬㔕ධ᳃ᣖ಴ਛ౒⷏෺⚊⚵❱‫ޠ‬‫⷏ޡ‬෺␠‫ޕ‬

̆̆2002b.‫ޟ‬Ꮞ྾ච ႎೀㅢㄦ‫ޠ‬
‫⷏ޡ‬෺

⷏෺

␠‫ޕ‬

⚊Ꮊᆔౄผᓕ㓸⎇ⓥቶ✬ 2000‫⷏ޡ‬෺

␠‫ޕ‬

␠‫ޕ‬

␠

⚊੖චᐕ 1950-2000.2‫ޢ‬㔕ධ᳃ᣖ಴― 98 ―

␠‫ޕ‬