1-9. ࠝ࡯ࠬ࠻࡜࡝ࠕߩ ABS 㑐ㅪ࿖ౝᴺߣⷙ೙㧔G. Burton ᳁⻠Ṷળ㧕
2009 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 20 ᣣ‫ޔ‬Geoff Burton ᳁㧔࿖ㅪᄢቇ㜞╬⎇ⓥᚲ਄Ꮸቴຬ⎇ⓥຬ‫ޔ‬రࠝ࡯ࠬ࠻࡜࡝ࠕⅣႺ᳓⾗Ḯ⋭࡮ㆮવ⾗Ḯ▤ℂㇱ㐳㧕ߦࠃࠆ‫ ߩࠕ࡝࡜࠻ࠬ࡯ࠝޟ‬ABS 㑐ㅪ࿖ౝᴺߣⷙ೙‫ߦޠ‬㑐ߔࠆ⻠Ṷળ߇ JBA ߦߡ㐿௅ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬એਅߦ⚿ᨐࠍႎ๔ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠝ࡯ࠬ࠻࡜࡝ࠕ㧔⽕Ꮊ㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬6 Ꮊ㧔ࠢࠗ࡯ࡦ࠭࡜ࡦ࠼Ꮊ‫࠭࡞࡯ࠚ࠙࡮ࠬ࠙ࠨ࡮࡯ࡘ࠾ޔ‬Ꮊ‫ޔ‬ࡧࠖࠢ࠻࡝ࠕᎺ‫ޔ‬ධࠝ࡯ࠬ࠻࡜࡝ࠕᎺ‫ࠕ࡝࡜࠻ࠬ࡯ࠝ⷏ޔ‬Ꮊ‫ࠕ࠾ࡑࠬ࠲ޔ‬Ꮊ㧕‫ޔ‬ർㇱḰᎺ‫ޔ‬㚂ㇺ․೎࿾ၞ‫⻉ޔ‬ፉࠍ⛔ᴦߔࠆ․೎࿾ၞ߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆㅪ㇌೙ߢ‫ޔ‬ධർ⚂ 3,700km‫⚂⷏᧲ޔ‬4,000km‫ޔ‬㕙Ⓧ 769 ਁᐔᣇ km ߦ෸߱ᧄ࿯㧔ᄢ㒽㧕ߣ‫ޔ‬800 ਁᐔᣇ km એ਄ߩ㗔ᶏࠍ᦭ߔࠆߎ
ߣ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬਎⇇ߩ⚂ 10%ߩ↢‛⒳߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߦንࠎߛ࿖ኅߢ޽ࠆ‫⽕ޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬Ꮊߪㆮવ⾗Ḯߩ೑↪⠪ߢ޽ࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬ឭଏ⠪ߣߒߡߩᓎഀ߽ᨐߚߔ‫ޕ‬⽕Ꮊߪ 1993 ᐕ 6 ᦬ 18 ᣣߦ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂㧔CBD㧕ࠍᛕಎߒ‫ޔ‬1996 ᐕߦ‫‛↢ޟ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈ࿖ኅᚢ⇛㧔National Biodiversity Strategy㧕‫ޠ‬㧔⽕Ꮊ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ଻ోߩߚ߼ߩ࿖ኅᚢ⇛㧦NationalStrategy for the Conservation of Australia’s Biological Diversity1㧕ࠍ౏⴫ߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᚢ⇛ߦࠃࠆߣ‫⽕ޔ‬Ꮊߩㆮવ⾗Ḯࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߩ᡽╷⋡ᮡߪ‫⽕ޟޔ‬Ꮊߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߦ↱᧪ߔࠆㆮવ‛⾰෸߮↥‛ߩ೑↪߆ࠄ↢ߓࠆ␠ળ⊛࡮⚻ᷣ⊛೑⋉ߪ⽕Ꮊߩ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ଻⸽ߔࠆ‫ߡࠇߐߣߣߎޠ‬޿ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬1999㨪2000 ᐕߦ߆ߌߡ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⼏ળ߇ਛᔃߣߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ᐢ▸ߥࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍታᣉߒߚ⚿ᨐ‫⽕ޔ‬Ꮊߩ ABS ೙ᐲ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ 70 એ਄ߩ൘๔߇ነߖࠄࠇߚ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ABS ߦ㑐ߔࠆᣉ╷ߪ‫ޔ‬2000 ᐕߦ౏⴫ߐࠇߚ‫࡯ࠫࡠࡁࠢ࠹ࠝࠗࡃޟ‬࿖ኅᚢ⇛㧔NationalBiotechnology Strategy2㧕‫৻ߩޠ‬ㇱߣߒߡขࠅ౉ࠇࠄࠇߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬2000 ᐕߩ‫ޟ‬ⅣႺ଻⼔ߣ↢‛ᄙ ᭽ ᕈ ଻ ో ߦ 㑐 ߔ ࠆ ⷙ ೙ ‫ޠ‬㧔 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation
Regulations 2000㧕ߩᡷᱜߦ෻ᤋߐࠇ‫ޔ‬2005 ᐕ 12 ᦬ᣉⴕߩหᡷᱜᴺߩ৻ㇱ㧔ࡄ࡯࠻ 8A㧦↢‛⾗Ḯ߳ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ㧕ߣߒߡታᣉߦ⥋ߞߚ3‫⽕ޔ߅ߥޕ‬Ꮊㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ෸߮ోᎺ᡽ᐭߪ 2002 ᐕߦណᛯߐࠇߚ‫ࠍޠࡦࠗ࡜࠼ࠗࠟ࡮ࡦࡏޟ‬ᡰᜬߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬หࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩታᣉߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬Ꮊ᡽ᐭ㑆
දቯ㧔Nationally Consistent Approach for Access to and the Utilisation of Australia’s Native
Genetic and Biochemical Resources㧕4ߦ෻ᤋߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬ⅣႺ଻⼔ߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ଻ోߦ㑐ߔࠆⷙ೙‫ޔߣࠆࠃߦޠ‬ㅪ㇌㗔ၞߩ↢‛⾗Ḯ߳ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߦ
1

http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/publications/strategy/index.html 㧔2009 ᐕ 3 ᦬ 9 ᣣࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ㧕2

http://www.biotechnology.gov.au/index.cfm?event=object.showContent&objectID=538B635B-BCD6-81AC-1E1B
66BB24EA3184㩷 㧔2009 ᐕ 3 ᦬ 9 ᣣࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ㧕3

http://www.comlaw.gov.au/ComLaw/Legislation/LegislativeInstrument1.nsf/all/search/5E1E5DC08D8D5D85CA
2570B300150056㩷 㧔2009 ᐕ 3 ᦬ 9 ᣣࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ㧕
4 http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/publications/access/nca/pubs/nca.pdf㩷㧔2009 ᐕ 3 ᦬ 9 ᣣࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ㧕㑐ߔࠆࡄ࡯࠻ 8A ߩ⋡⊛ߪ‫ޔ‬a)ㅪ㇌㗔ၞߩ↢‛⾗Ḯ଻ోߣߣ߽ߦ䈖䉏䉌↢‛⾗Ḯ䈱↢ᘒቇ⊛䈮ᜬ⛯น⢻䈭೑↪䉕ଦㅴ䈜䉎b)ㅪ㇌㗔ၞߩ↢‛⾗Ḯߩ೑↪߆ࠄ↢ߓࠆ೑⋉ߩⴧᐔߥಽ㈩ࠍ⏕଻ߔࠆc)వ૑᳃߇଻᦭ߔࠆ↢‛⾗Ḯߦ㑐ߔࠆ․೎ߥ⍮⼂ࠍ⹺߼ࠆd)↢‛⾗Ḯ߳ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࠍ᳞߼ࠆ⠪ߦ‫⏕ޔ‬ታᕈߩឭଏߣⴕ᡽ࠦࠬ࠻ߩシᷫߦߟߥ߇ࠆࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ೙ᐲࠍ⸳⸘ߔࠆe)ㅪ㇌㗔ၞߩ↢‛⾗Ḯߩ೑↪߆ࠄ↢ߓࠆ␠ળ⊛࡮⚻ᷣ⊛࡮ⅣႺ⊛೑⋉ߪ⽕Ꮊߩ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߎߣߩ଻⸽ࠍ᳞߼ࠆf)⽕Ꮊߩ↢‛⾗Ḯ߳ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߦኻߒߡ࿖ኅߣߒߡ৻⽾ᕈߩ޽ࠆࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴߳⽸₂ߔࠆ‫ޔ‬ߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ ߪࠄࠇߎޔ‬CBD ෸߮ࡏࡦ࡮ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߣᢛวᕈߩขࠇߚ߽ߩߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬5⽕Ꮊߩ ABS ⷙ೙ࠍ᭎ⷰߔࠆߣ‫ޔ‬x ⽕Ꮊ᡽ᐭߩⴕ᡽▤ℂਅߦ޽ࠆ࿖࿯࡮㗔ᶏ߆ࠄ↢‛⾗Ḯࠍណขߒ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥ㐿⊒⋡⊛ߦ೑↪ߔࠆ⠪ߪ‫⸵ޔ‬น↳⺧߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔࡦࠗ࡜ࡦࠝߪ⺧↳ߩߎޕ‬෶ߪᦠ㕙ߢⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈‫ࠬ࠮ࠢࠕޔ‬߇໡ᬺ⋡⊛ߩ႐ว‫⹺ޔ‬นߦ 50 ⽕࠼࡞ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ಽ㘃ቇ⎇ⓥߣ޿ߞߚ㕖໡ᬺ⋡⊛ߩ႐วߪήᢱߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬x ᮭ㒢޽ࠆᒰዪߪ‫ޔ‬໡ᬺ⋡⊛ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ⅣႺ߳ߩᖡᓇ㗀߇ߥߊ‫ޔ‬೑⋉㈩ಽදቯࠍ✦⚿ߔࠆߥࠄ߫‫⹺ޔ‬นߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬x 㕖໡ᬺ⋡⊛ߩ႐ว‫⹺ޔ‬นᚻ⛯߈ߪ◲⚛ൻߐࠇ‫ޔ‬೑⋉㈩ಽදቯ߇ਇⷐߢ‫◲ޔ‬නߥᴺ⊛ᢥᦠߦ⸥タߔࠆߩߺߢචಽߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ฦ࿾ၞߩ▤ℂ⠪߇⹺นߢ߈ࠆ‫߇⊛⋡ޔߒߛߚޕ‬໡ᬺ↪ߦᄌᦝߦߥߞߚ႐ว‫ޔ‬ᡷ߼ߡ೑⋉㈩ಽදቯࠍ੤ᷤߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬x ⹺นߪㅢᏱ 2 ᣣ߶ߤߢ⊒ⴕߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬x ේ૑᳃߇ᚲ᦭ߔࠆ࿯࿾߆ࠄ↢‛⾗Ḯࠍណขߔࠆ႐ว‫ޔ‬෶ߪේ૑᳃ߩવ⛔⊛⍮⼂ࠍ೑↪ߔࠆ႐วߪ‫ޔ‬࿯࿾ᚲ᦭⠪ߣߩ೑⋉㈩ಽදቯ߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬႐ว‫ޔ‬ᮭ㒢޽ࠆᒰዪ߇ PIC ෸߮ MAT߇චಽߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ⹺߼ࠇ߫‫⹺ޔ‬นߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬x ↳⺧⠪ࠍᡰេߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬2 ⒳㘃ߩࡕ࠺࡞೑⋉㈩ಽදቯ߇౏⴫ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬x ߔߴߡߩ⹺นߪ‫ޟ‬ㆮવ⾗Ḯᖱႎ࠺࡯࠲ࡌ࡯ࠬ‫ޠ‬
㧔Genetic Resources Information Database;
GRID6㧕ߦ⊓㍳ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬GRID ߪࠝࡦ࡜ࠗࡦߢ㑛ⷩน⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬GRID ߪ⹺น↳⺧ߦ߽೑↪
ߢ߈ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ‫৻ޔ‬⒳ߩ㔚ሶ⹺⸽ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߣ߽޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬GRID ߢߪ‫⾗‛↢ޔ‬Ḯߦ㑐ߔࠆ‫৻ޟ‬⥸ฬ‫ޠ‬‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬⒳ฬ‫ޠ‬‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ขᓧ႐ᚲ‫ޠ‬‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ขᓧᢙ‫ޠ‬‫ޔ‬‫࠲࡯࠺ޟ‬ขᓧᣣ‫ߚߞ޿ߣޠ‬ᖱႎ߇౏㐿ߐࠇࠆ߇‫ޔ‬໡ᬺ⊛࡮ᢥൻ⊛࡮ⅣႺᓇ㗀ߢᓸᅱߥᖱႎߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬੤ᷤᰴ╙ߢ㕖౏㐿ߣߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࡏࡦ࡮ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߣߩᲧセߢߪ‫ߩࡦࠗ࡜࠼ࠗࠟޔ‬㑐ㅪ᧦㗄ߪߔߴߡ‫ޟ‬ⅣႺ଻⼔ߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽
5JBA ᵈ㧦ߚߛߒ‫ޔ‬CBD ߢߪ‫ޟ‬ㆮવ⾗Ḯ‫⽕ޔߦߩࠆ޽ߢޠ‬ㅪ㇌ᴺߢߪ‫⾗‛↢ޟ‬Ḯ‫⇐ߦߣߎࠆ޿ߡߞߥߣޠ‬ᗧߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
6 http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/science/access/permits/apply.html㩷 2009 ᐕ 3 ᦬ 9 ᣣࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ㧕ᕈ଻ోߦ㑐ߔࠆⷙ೙‫ޠ‬෸߮㑐ㅪߔࠆ⽕Ꮊ᡽ᐭ ABS ᡽╷ᢥᦠ‫ⴕޔ‬᡽ភ⟎╬ߦ෻ᤋߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߒߚ߇ߞߡ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ⅣႺ଻⼔ߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ଻ోߦ㑐ߔࠆⷙ೙‫ ࠻࡯ࡄߩޠ‬8A ㇱಽߪ‫࡜࠼ࠗࠟ࡮ࡦࡏޔ‬ࠗࡦࠍࡕ࠺࡞ߣߒߡ‫⽕ޔ‬Ꮊߢߩᴺ೙ᐲࠍታᣉߒߚ߽ߩߣߺߥߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫࡮ࡦࡏޔߦࠄߐޕ‬ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߪฦ࿖ߩ⁁ᴫߦ⷗วߞߚ ABS ᴺ೙ᐲࠍ⸳⸘ߔࠆ਄ߢᨵエᕈ߇޽ࠆߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߘߩઁ‫ޔ‬୘೎ߩ⺰ὐߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬એਅࠍ⚫੺ߒߚ‫ޕ‬x ᵷ↢‛㧔derivatives㧕㧦࿖㓙੤ᷤߢ⼏⺰ߩኻ⽎ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬CBD ߢߪ‫ޟ‬ㆮવ⾗Ḯ‫ࠍޠ‬ቯ⟵ߒߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߩ‫ޔ‬೑⋉ࠍ߽ߚࠄߔߩߪㆮવሶߘߩ߽ߩߢߥߊߘߩ↥‛ߢ޽ࠆ‫⽕ޕ‬Ꮊߩⷙ೙㧔ࡄ࡯࠻ 8A㧕ߢߪ‫⾗‛↢ޔ‬Ḯ߳ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࠍ‫ޟ‬ㆮવ⾗Ḯߩ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ߩߚ߼ߦේ↢⒳ߢ޽ࠆ↢‛⾗Ḯ‫⾗‛↢ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬Ḯࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆ㧛෶ߪ↢‛⾗Ḯߦ฽߹ࠇࠆ↢ൻቇ⊛ൻว‛ࠍขᓧߔࠆߎߣ‫ߣޠ‬ቯ⟵ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔࠅࠃߦࠇߎޔ‬෼ⓠ࡮᝝₪‫ޔ‬ᨋᬺ‫ޔ‬໡ຠ⾏ᤃ‫⥸৻ઁߩߘޔ‬೑↪ߣ඙೎ߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬x ࿖ኅਥᮭߩዅ㊀㧔respect for national sovereignty㧕㧦⽕Ꮊߩ ABS ᴺ೙ᐲߪ⽕Ꮊߦ࿕᦭ߩ⒳ߩߺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⒳‫⾏ޔ‬ᤃ߿ FAO-IT ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ߽ߩߪኻ⽎ᄖߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬x ᴺ⊛⏕ታᕈ‫ޔ‬ㆩ቞‫ޔ‬ᬌ⸽㧔legal certainty, compliance and verification㧕㧦⎇ⓥ㐿⊒߳ߩᛩ⾗ലᨐࠍᦨᄢ㒢ߦߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ᴺ⊛⏕ታᕈ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬GRID ߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬ὐߢ‫ޔ‬ૐࠦࠬ࠻ߢ
ߩᬌ⸽ࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆ‫⽕ޔߚ߹ޕ‬Ꮊߩ ABS ᴺࠍㆩ቞ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫⚗ߩ╬⸩⸷ޔ‬੎ࠍㆱߌࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬x ಴ᚲ‫ޔ‬ේ↥࿾‫ߩ᧪↱ޔ‬㐿␜㧔disclosure of source, origin and provenance㧕㧦ᣢߦᢙࠞ࿖ߢ‫ޔ‬․⸵಴㗿ᤨߩㆮવ⾗Ḯߩ಴ᚲ㐿␜ߩ⟵ോઃߌ߿‫⟵ޔ‬ോൻߩᬌ⸛‫⽕ޕࠆ޿ߡࠇߐ߇ޔ‬Ꮊߪ‫ޔ‬
GRID ࠍዉ౉ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬ㆮવ⾗Ḯ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߥ⋡⊛ߢ೑↪ߐࠇࠆߩ߆‫ޔ‬ㅘ᣿ᕈࠍ㜞߼ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬චಽߦኻᔕน⢻ߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬