P877 Warders’ Cottages
Artefact Recovery from under Rear Verandahs W3

Dr Kelly Fleming, Senior Heritage Officer, Department of Planning, Lands &Heritage (State Heritage)
November 2017

Table of Contents

Table of Contents .............................................................................................................................. 1
Table of Figures ................................................................................................................................ 2
Appendix - Table of Figures ............................................................................................................... 3
Authorship ..................................................................................................................................... 5
Personnel...................................................................................................................................... 5
Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... 5
Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 6
Site Background........................................................................................................................ 6
Legislative Context & Listings .................................................................................................... 7
Initial Site Inspection...................................................................................................................... 8
Assessment of Archaeological Potential & Recommendation ....................................................... 13
Significance................................................................................................................................. 13
Research Questions .................................................................................................................... 14Interpretation ............................................................................................................................... 15
Recording and Recovery ............................................................................................................. 15
Site Visit/Methods........................................................................................................................ 18
Results ........................................................................................................................................ 26
Refuse Layer........................................................................................................................... 26
Cottage 17 .......................................................................................................................... 26
Cottage 15 .......................................................................................................................... 27
Cottage 13 .......................................................................................................................... 27
Cottage 11 .......................................................................................................................... 27
Cottage 9 ............................................................................................................................ 27
Cottage 7 ............................................................................................................................ 28
General Observations - Refuse Layer...................................................................................... 28
Firewall Trenches .................................................................................................................... 28
Firewall Trench 3 ................................................................................................................ 28
Firewall Trench 4 ................................................................................................................ 29
Firewall Trench 5 ................................................................................................................ 30
General Observations – Firewall Trenches .............................................................................. 31
Conclusions & Recommendations ............................................................................................... 32
Appendix 1 .................................................................................................................................. 33
Appendix 2 – Site Photographs.................................................................................................... 40
General Site Views.................................................................................................................. 40
Unit 7 ...................................................................................................................................... 41
Unit 9 ...................................................................................................................................... 43
Unit 11 .................................................................................................................................... 52
Unit 13 .................................................................................................................................... 62
Unit 15 .................................................................................................................................... 76
Unit 17 .................................................................................................................................... 78
Appendix 3 – Fremantle Prison Donation/Gift Agreement Form.................................................... 79

1|PageTable of Figures
FIGURE 1 – LOCATION MAP SHOWING P877 WARDERS’ COTTAGES ...................................................................................... 6
TABLE 1 – SUMMARY OF STATUTORY LISTINGS AFFECTING THE WARDER’S COTTAGES SITE ......................................................... 8
FIGURE 2 - P877 WARDERS’ COTTAGES – REAR VERANDAHS W3 SHOWING LIMESTONE AND BRICK WALL .................................... 9
FIGURE 3 – P877 WARDERS’ COTTAGES – REAR VERANDAH SHOWING EXAMPLE OF MATERIAL & INFRASTRUCTURE UNDERFLOORBOARDS ................................................................................................................................................... 9
FIGURE 4 – P877 WARDERS’ COTTAGES – REAR VERANDAH SHOWING EXAMPLE OF MATERIAL UNDER FLOORBOARDS, KEROSENE
CANS, POTS, BRICKS AND AN ALUMINIUM CAN. ....................................................................................................... 10
FIGURE 5 – P877 WARDERS’ COTTAGES – REAR VERANDAH SHOWING EXAMPLE OF MATERIAL UNDER FLOORBOARDS, INCLUDINGDECORATIVE GLASS FRAGMENT ........................................................................................................................... 10
FIGURE 6 – P877 WARDERS’ COTTAGES – REAR VERANDAH SHOWING EXAMPLE OF MATERIAL UNDER FLOORBOARDS, INCLUDINGENAMEL BOWL AND KEROSENE CAN ..................................................................................................................... 11
FIGURE 7 – P877 WARDERS’ COTTAGES – REAR VERANDAH SHOWING EXAMPLE OF MATERIAL UNDER FLOORBOARDS, INCLUDINGFENCING WIRE AND MISCELLANEOUS METAL .......................................................................................................... 11
FIGURE 8 – P877 WARDERS’ COTTAGES – REAR VERANDAH SHOWING EXAMPLE OF MATERIAL UNDER FLOORBOARDS, INCLUDINGGALVANISED BUCKET AND POT ............................................................................................................................ 12
FIGURE 9 – P877 WARDERS’ COTTAGES – REAR VERANDAH SHOWING EXAMPLE OF MATERIAL UNDER FLOORBOARDS, INCLUDING POT
LID, FRAGMENTARY REFUSE, AND COKE CAN........................................................................................................... 12
FIGURE 10 – P877 WARDERS’ COTTAGES – REAR VERANDAH SHOWING EXAMPLE OF MATERIAL UNDER FLOORBOARDS, INCLUDINGTERRACOTTA FLOWER POT, AND C.1980 BEER BOTTLES ........................................................................................... 13
FIGURE 11 – VIEW OF REAR VERANDAHS SHOWING LOCATION OF SOME OF THE ORIGINAL REAR STEPS ....................................... 16
FIGURE 12 – LOCATIONS OF THE FIVE FIREWALL TRENCHES ................................................................................................ 17
FIGURE 13 – W3 UNIT 17 SHOWING CONTRACTORS RECOVERING MATERIAL........................................................................ 18
FIGURE 14 – MAP SHOWING COTTAGE AND QUADRANT DESIGNATIONS ............................................................................... 19
FIGURE 15 – W3 UNIT 15 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS, FERROUS METAL ARTEFACTS .................................................................... 20
FIGURE 16 - W3 UNIT 13 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS, GENERAL MATERIAL ................................................................................ 21
FIGURE 17 - W3 UNIT 13 SW SIDE SW OF STAIRS, GLASS BOTTLES..................................................................................... 21
FIGURE 18 - W3 UNIT 13 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS, GLASS BOTTLES ...................................................................................... 22
FIGURE 19 - W3 UNIT 13 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS, FERROUS METAL ARTEFACTS ..................................................................... 22
FIGURE 20 - W3 UNIT 11 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS, GLASS BOTTLES ...................................................................................... 23
FIGURE 21 - W3 UNIT 11 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS, FERROUS ARTEFACTS AND BONE ................................................................ 23
FIGURE 22 - W3 UNIT 9 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS, GLASS BOTTLES, CERAMICS AND BONE .......................................................... 24
FIGURE 23 - W3 UNIT 9 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS, FERROUS METAL ARTEFACTS ....................................................................... 24
FIGURE 24 - W3 UNIT 9 SW SIDE SW OF STAIRS, GENERAL MATERIAL ................................................................................ 25
FIGURE 25 - W3 UNIT 7 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS, GENERAL MATERIAL .................................................................................. 25
FIGURE 26 - W3 UNIT 7 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS, GENERAL MATERIAL .................................................................................. 26
FIGURE 27 – FIREWALL TRENCH 3, FINAL EXCAVATION DEPTH............................................................................................. 29
FIGURE 28 – FIREWALL TRENCH 4, FINAL EXCAVATION DEPTH............................................................................................. 30
FIGURE 29 – FIREWALL TRENCH 5, FINAL EXCAVATION DEPTH............................................................................................. 31

2|PageAppendix - Table of Figures
FIGURE 30 - W3 VIEW SW FROM UNIT 13.................................................................................................................... 40
FIGURE 31 - W3 VIEW TO NE TOWARDS FREMANTLE MARKET LANEWAY ............................................................................ 40
FIGURE 32 - W3 UNIT 7 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................... 41
FIGURE 33 - W3 UNIT 7 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................... 41
FIGURE 34 - W3 UNIT 7 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................... 42
FIGURE 35 - W3 UNIT 7 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................... 42
FIGURE 36 - W3 UNIT 9 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................... 43
FIGURE 37 - W3 UNIT 9 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................... 43
FIGURE 38 - W3 UNIT 9 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................... 44
FIGURE 39 - W3 UNIT 9 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................... 44
FIGURE 40 - W3 UNIT 9 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS AMBER ALCOHOL BOTTLE ............................................................................ 45
FIGURE 41 - W3 UNIT 9 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS AMBER AMMONIA BOTTLE WITH LABEL .......................................................... 45
FIGURE 42 - W3 UNIT 9 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS AMBER ALCOHOL BOTTLE ............................................................................ 46
FIGURE 43 - W3 UNIT 9 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS AMBER FLOOR POLISH JAR WITH LABEL........................................................... 46
FIGURE 44 - W3 UNIT 9 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS AMBER COUGH MIXTURE BOTTLE; ‘BONNINGTON’S’ ......................................... 47
FIGURE 45 - W3 UNIT 9 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS AMBER MEDICINE BOTTLE; FAULDINGS .......................................................... 47
FIGURE 46 - W3 UNIT 9 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS CLEAR MEDICINE BOTTLE ............................................................................. 48
FIGURE 47 - W3 UNIT 9 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS CLEAR VINEGAR BOTTLE WITH LABEL.............................................................. 48
FIGURE 48 - W3 UNIT 9 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS CLEAR VINEGAR BOTTLE; CHAMPIONS............................................................ 49
FIGURE 49 - W3 UNIT 9 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS SMALL CLEAR BOTTLE WITH LABEL ................................................................. 49
FIGURE 50 - W3 UNIT 9 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS TINT CORDIAL BOTTLE................................................................................. 50
FIGURE 51 - W3 UNIT 9 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS TINT LARGE BOTTLE.................................................................................... 50
FIGURE 52 - W3 UNIT 9 SW SIDE SW OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................. 51
FIGURE 53 - W3 UNIT 9 SW SIDE SW OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................. 51
FIGURE 54 - W3 UNIT 9 SW SIDE SW OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................. 52
FIGURE 55 - W3 UNIT 11 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................. 52
FIGURE 56 - W3 UNIT 11 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................. 53
FIGURE 57 - W3 UNIT 11 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................. 53
FIGURE 58 - W3 UNIT 11 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................. 54
FIGURE 59 - W3 UNIT 11 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................. 54
FIGURE 60 - W3 UNIT 11 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................. 55
FIGURE 61 - W3 UNIT 11 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................. 55
FIGURE 62 - W3 UNIT 11 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................. 56
FIGURE 63 - W3 UNIT 11 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................. 56
FIGURE 64 - W3 UNIT 11 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS AMBER BEER BOTTLE ................................................................................ 57
FIGURE 65 - W3 UNIT 11 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS AMBER MEDICINE BOTTLE; TAYLOR CHEMICAL CO SYDNEY .............................. 57
FIGURE 66 - W3 UNIT 11 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS AMBER OINTMENT JAR ............................................................................. 58
FIGURE 67 - W3 UNIT 11 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS AMBER POISON BOTTLE ............................................................................ 58
FIGURE 68 - W3 UNIT 11 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS AMBER WHISKEY BOTTLE........................................................................... 59
FIGURE 69 - W3 UNIT 11 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS AMBER WHISKEY BOTTLE........................................................................... 59
FIGURE 70 - W3 UNIT 11 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS CLEAR MEDICINE BOTTLE; DR SCOTT’S BALSAM/MARSHALLS CHEM CO ............. 60
FIGURE 71 - W3 UNIT 11 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS CLEAR SAUCE BOTTLE; D & J FOWLER LIMITED .............................................. 60
FIGURE 72 - W3 UNIT 11 SW SIDE SW OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ............................................................................... 61
FIGURE 73 - W3 UNIT 11 SW SIDE SW OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ............................................................................... 61
FIGURE 74 - W3 UNIT 11 SW SIDE SW OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ............................................................................... 62
FIGURE 75 - W3 UNIT 13 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................. 62
FIGURE 76 - W3 UNIT 13 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................. 63
FIGURE 77 - W3 UNIT 13 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................. 63
FIGURE 78 - W3 UNIT 13 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................. 64
FIGURE 79 - W3 UNIT 13 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................. 64
FIGURE 80 - W3 UNIT 13 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................. 65
FIGURE 81 - W3 UNIT 13 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................. 65
FIGURE 82 - W3 UNIT 13 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................. 66
FIGURE 83 - W3 UNIT 13 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................. 66

3|PageFIGURE 84 - W3 UNIT 13 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ................................................................................. 67
FIGURE 85 - W3 UNIT 13 METTERS STOVE.................................................................................................................... 67
FIGURE 86 - W3 UNIT 13 CHILD’S CASE........................................................................................................................ 68
FIGURE 87 - W3 UNIT 13 SW SIDE SW OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ............................................................................... 68
FIGURE 88 - W3 UNIT 13 SW SIDE SW OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ............................................................................... 69
FIGURE 89 - W3 UNIT 13 SW SIDE SW OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ............................................................................... 69
FIGURE 90 - W3 UNIT 13 SW SIDE SW OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ............................................................................... 70
FIGURE 91 - W3 UNIT 13 SW SIDE SW OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ............................................................................... 70
FIGURE 92 - W3 UNIT 13 SW SIDE SW OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ............................................................................... 71
FIGURE 93 - W3 UNIT 13 SW SIDE SW OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ............................................................................... 71
FIGURE 94 - W3 UNIT 13 SW SIDE SW OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ............................................................................... 72
FIGURE 95 - W3 UNIT 13 SW SIDE SW OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ............................................................................... 72
FIGURE 96 - W3 UNIT 13 SW SIDE SW OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ............................................................................... 73
FIGURE 97 - W3 UNIT 13 SW SIDE SW OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ............................................................................... 73
FIGURE 98 - W3 UNIT 13 SW SIDE SW OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ............................................................................... 74
FIGURE 99 - W3 UNIT 13 SW SIDE SW OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ............................................................................... 74
FIGURE 100 - W3 UNIT 13 SW SIDE SW OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ............................................................................. 75
FIGURE 101 - W3 UNIT 13 SW SIDE SW OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ............................................................................. 75
FIGURE 102 - W3 UNIT 15 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ............................................................................... 76
FIGURE 103 - W3 UNIT 15 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ............................................................................... 76
FIGURE 104 - W3 UNIT 15 NE SIDE NE OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ............................................................................... 77
FIGURE 105 - W3 UNIT 15 SW SIDE SW OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ............................................................................. 77
FIGURE 106 - W3 UNIT 15 SW SIDE SW OF STAIRS MATERIAL GENERAL ............................................................................. 78
FIGURE 107 - W3 UNIT 17 CONTRACTORS COMMENCING REFUSE REMOVAL........................................................................ 78

4|PageAuthorshipThis report was authored by Dr Kelly Fleming (BSc Hons, PhD - Archaeology),
Principal Heritage Officer, Department of Planning Lands & Heritage (State
Heritage).

Personnel
In addition to Dr Fleming the following State Heritage staff assisted with the recovery
and recording:Daniel Holland (BSc- Archaeology/Environmental Science)
Karina Williams (BA Hons - Archaeology)

Acknowledgements
State Heritage would also like to acknowledge the assistance of the following staff
from the Fremantle Prison, and thank the Prison for accepting the recovered material
into their collection:
Olimpia Cullity, Curator
Eleanor Lambert, Assistant Curator
Bill Bowker, Property Manager

5|PageIntroduction
On 1 September 2016, State Heritage archaeologist Dr Kelly Fleming was asked toassess archaeological material which had been encountered beneath the rear
verandahs of the Warders’ Cottages (7-17 Henderson St - W3) during conservation
works to provide advice on the appropriate course of action. An inspection of thearea was subsequently undertaken that afternoon.

Figure 1 – Location map showing P877 Warders’ Cottages

Site BackgroundW3 was the third of three sets of cottages constructed in the mid-nineteenth century
to house warders employed at the Fremantle Prison. The first group of cottages (W1)were constructed in 1851, with a second group (W2) constructed in 1852/53. In 1858
additional accommodation was required to house the warders resulting in theconstruction of W3. They served this purpose continuously until WWII.

6|PageA review of the Post Office Directories from 1929-1945, the period to which much of
the salvaged material can be dated, indicates that occupants of the cottages often
remained for 2-3 year periods with new warders moving in at intervals over time. In
1929 the cottages were occupied by Thomas Evans (No. 7), Robert Shannon (No.
9), Thomas Spurlang (No. 11), Sam McWhirter (No. 13), Alfred J Wyllie (No. 15) with
No. 17 being listed as vacant. 1 By 1930 Sam McWhirter had relocated to No. 17 withhis former cottage (No. 13) being taken up by Felix Freitag. 2 These occupantsremain until 1933-34 when Thomas Evans, Robert Shannon and Alfred Wylie have
moved on being replaced by Wilfred Mottram, Ernest Cant and G R Truslove. 3
Further movement occurred in 1935-36 with Truslove, Wylie and McWhirter being
replaced by John Hall, Thomas Lee and Herbert Capes. 4 G White replaces Wilfred
Mottram in 1936-37 5 and Reginald Pyatt replaces Herbert Capes in 1938-39. 6
Thomas Lee, Ernest Cant and T Spurling moved on the following year with No. 9
now being occupied by M Monaghan, No. 11 by A Douglas, and No. 15 being
recorded as vacant in 1939-40. 7
In 1940-41 G White is replaced by C D Hamilton and G R Seeber takes up No. 15. 8These occupants remain until 1942-43 9 after which there is no entry for the cottages
until 1945 10 when the occupants are no longer identified as warders. Sourcessuggest that from 1941 the warders were no longer required to reside at the cottages
but that some continued to do so until 1991 when the Prison was closed. 11 However,given the occupations of the residents are not indicated, further research would be
required to determine which of these may still be warders.
Legislative Context & Listings
Warder’s Cottages (HCWA Place No.877) has a high degree of cultural heritage
significance demonstrated by its inclusion on the Local, State and National lists.
Table 1 summarises the statutory protection afforded by these listings:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

The Western Australian Directory [Wise’s] 1929, p. 141. Accessed State Library website 20
November 2017 http://www.slwa.wa.gov.au/pdf/battye/pods/1929/0091.pdf
The Western Australian Directory [Wise’s] 1930, p. 151. Accessed State Library website 20
November 2017 http://www.slwa.wa.gov.au/pdf/battye/pods/1930/0097.pdf
The Western Australian Directory [Wise’s] 1933-34, p. 160. Accessed State Library website
20 November 2017 http://www.slwa.wa.gov.au/pdf/battye/pods/1933/0097.pdf
The Western Australian Directory [Wise’s] 1935-36, p. 154. Accessed State Library website
20 November 2017 http://www.slwa.wa.gov.au/pdf/battye/pods/1935/0094.pdf
The Western Australian Directory [Wise’s] 1936-37, p. 156. Accessed State Library website
20 November 2017 http://www.slwa.wa.gov.au/pdf/battye/pods/1936/0096.pdf
The Western Australian Directory [Wise’s] 1938-39, p. 135. Accessed State Library website
20 November 2017 http://www.slwa.wa.gov.au/pdf/battye/pods/1938/0083.pdf
The Western Australian Directory [Wise’s] 1939-40, p. 147. Accessed State Library website
20 November 2017 http://www.slwa.wa.gov.au/pdf/battye/pods/1939/0089.pdf
The Western Australian Directory [Wise’s] 1940-41, p. 149. Accessed State Library website
20 November 2017 http://www.slwa.wa.gov.au/pdf/battye/pods/1940/0089.pdf
The Western Australian Directory [Wise’s] 1941-42, p. 151. Accessed State Library website
20 November 2017 http://www.slwa.wa.gov.au/pdf/battye/pods/1941/0090.pdf
The Western Australian Directory [Wise’s] 1945, p. 152-153. Accessed State Library website
20 November 2017 http://www.slwa.wa.gov.au/pdf/battye/pods/1945/0091.pdf‘Archaeological Management Strategy, Warders’ Cottages (fmr), 7-41 Henderson Street,Fremantle WA’. Prepared for the State Heritage Office of WA by John Marrell & Tony Bartlett,
Gavin Jackson Cultural Resource Management, in August 2015. pp. 8-9.

7|PagePlaceID

Listing

Enabling Legislation

AgencyResponsible

Requirements under
Listing

N/A

City of Fremantle
Heritage List

Local Planning
Scheme 4

City of Fremantle

Local Government
planning approvalrequired fordevelopment

1014

State Register of
Heritage Places

Heritage of Western
Australia Act 1990

Heritage Council ofWA

Development referral to
Heritage Council
required under s.9 of
the Act

105762National Heritage
List

Environment
Protection andBiodiversity
Conservation Act
1999

Department ofEnvironment &EnergyApproval fordevelopment required
under the EPBC Act

Table 1 – Summary of statutory listings affecting the Warder’s Cottages site

Initial Site Inspection
On arrival at W3 on 1 September 2016, a collection of material which had alreadybeen recovered from beneath the rear verandahs, and which had been moved to themantelpiece of one of the cottages, was viewed and determined to date primarily tothe inter-war period (c.1920-1940). The material largely comprised glass bottles withscrew top openings, jars, cans, a teaspoon, and a collection of napkin rings. The
contractor advised that these had been recovered from beneath the rear verandahsfrom a variety of locations.
The area beneath the rear verandahs was subsequently inspected and it was foundto contain a large quantity of refuse (Figures 2 & 3) which appears to have been
disposed of through holes that had opened up in the stone and brick wall built toblock off the underside of the verandah at its southeast terminus. The wall isunderstood to have been constructed c.1900 but has deteriorated and been repaired
in a haphazard fashion over time.
In addition, there was evidence to suggest that the sub-verandah area has been
subjected to continual disturbance with a number of services (PVC and metal pipes)
having been added at various intervals.

8|PageFigure 2 - P877 Warders’ Cottages – rear verandahs W3 showing limestone and brick wall

Figure 3 – P877 Warders’ Cottages – rear verandah showing example of material & infrastructure under
floorboards

A visual inspection indicated that much of the in-situ material also dated to the interwar period (c.1920-1940). Included amongst it were ferrous cans which are likely tohave contained food and kerosene or other chemicals/fuels, galvanised pots andbuckets, bricks, glass bottles and jars, building materials, animal bone, limestone
9|Pagerubble, glass and ceramic tableware, enamel kitchenware and miscellaneous otheritems (Figures 4-8).

Figure 4 – P877 Warders’ Cottages – rear verandah showing example of material under floorboards,
kerosene cans, pots, bricks and an aluminium can.

Figure 5 – P877 Warders’ Cottages – rear verandah showing example of material under floorboards,
including decorative glass fragment

10 | P a g e

Figure 6 – P877 Warders’ Cottages – rear verandah showing example of material under floorboards,
including enamel bowl and kerosene canFigure 7 – P877 Warders’ Cottages – rear verandah showing example of material under floorboards,
including fencing wire and miscellaneous metal

11 | P a g e

Figure 8 – P877 Warders’ Cottages – rear verandah showing example of material under floorboards,
including galvanised bucket and pot

More recent material was also visible (Figures 9-10), as were the services whichhave been inserted in the latter part of the twentieth-century (Figure 3). Fragmentary
asbestos was also visible, as were rolls of linoleum which are known to have often
contained asbestos lining.

Figure 9 – P877 Warders’ Cottages – rear verandah showing example of material under floorboards,
including pot lid, fragmentary refuse, and coke can

12 | P a g e

Figure 10 – P877 Warders’ Cottages – rear verandah showing example of material under floorboards,
including terracotta flower pot, and c.1980 beer bottles

Assessment of Archaeological Potential & Recommendation
The material was highly mixed and, due to the area having been subjected tomultiple episodes of disturbance and intrusion, the archaeological integrity of thedeposits was assessed overall as low. In addition, the relatively recent date of the
majority of the material, and its random deposition, means the information it can
provide with regard to research questions for the site and its occupants is also
limited.
However, the archaeological context of some of the material was relatively intact i.e.
the likelihood that it was deposited under the verandah by the cottages’ occupants in
the inter-war period was high, hence the recovery of samples for general informationand interpretive purposes was recommended, with the remainder being removed
and disposed of.
In addition, as the undisturbed deposits beneath the rubble/refuse layer may havebeen subject to a lower degree of disturbance, it was recommended that this layer
be assessed once the overlying rubble/refuse layer had been removed.

SignificanceThe State Register of Heritage Places statement of significance for the Warders’
Cottages is as follows:
the place is associated with the development of the Convict Establishment, inparticular from the early 1850s, and the Fremantle Prison, a place of nationalsignificance, and, together with the Fremantle Court House and Police Station,
defines the western boundary of this precinct;

13 | P a g ethe place has rarity value as one of the earliest examples of terrace housing and of
purpose built public housing accommodation in the state;
the place has significant aesthetic value as competently designed and built twostorey terrace houses of limestone construction in the Victorian Georgian style;the place is representative of the housing provided for public servants, in this caseprison warders, in the nineteenth century and was modelled on workers’ housing in
England;the place has associations with James Manning, Clerk of Works, and Captain
Henderson, Royal Engineer and Comptroller General of Convicts; and,the place is highly valued for its historical associations with Fremantle, in particular
the Convict Establishment, and thus contributes to the community’s sense of place.

The above indicates that the primary significance of the place relates to its convict
era associations. Material dating to the mid twentieth-century, although still having a
degree of significance for its ability to provide information about the lifeways of theWarders’ into this later period, is of secondary significance to era dating to theconvict period.

Research Questions
As noted, the potential for the refuse/rubble layer to answer substantive researchquestions is relatively low. However, the material has some degree of archaeologicalsignificance and the following research questions may be addressed by some further
investigation:•••

What were the disposal practices of the cottage occupants, and what was theprimary period this practice occurred?
What does an examination of the artefacts tell us about the consumption
patterns of the occupants?
What can the refuse/rubble layer, and its overall deposition, tell us about theconstruction activities at the site over time?

With regard to the deposits beneath the current rubble/refuse layer, should it remain
undisturbed, the following research questions may be addressed:
•
•
•
•
•
•

What were the material conditions of the cottage occupants through time, andin particular the Warders?
What can the archaeology of the place tell us about how the occupants lived
e.g. what they ate/drank, what they owned, what they wore etc through time?
What can the archaeology of the place tell us about the social and economic
conditions of the occupants through time?
Are there indications that they were maintaining activities tied to their social
identity in England?
What does the archaeology tell us about the activities occurring at thislocation within the domestic space?
If compared to deposits/excavated material from elsewhere, does thearchaeology of the cottages provide an insight into the austerity of theWarders lives, and is this consistent with other ‘working class’ assemblages inWestern Australia at this time?

14 | P a g e

The above are general research questions that may be addressed through anarchaeological investigation of undisturbed deposits across the whole of the warders’cottages site.

Interpretation
Although the archaeological significance of the refuse/rubble layer is relatively low,
the interpretive potential of some of the material may still be moderate to high. Dueto the direct connection of the Warders’ Cottages to the Fremantle Prison, material
recovered dating to the period in which the cottages were occupied by Prison staff
may provide some insight into their behaviour, material culture and living conditions.
Items recovered for interpretive purposes may include those that can be specificallyassociated with a time period, individual, or activity, or those that may be‘ornamental’ or ornate. In addition, a sample of bottles that represent the time period
in which the refuse/rubble layer was deposited and can demonstrate consumption,
product choice, or the way of life at that time may allow for an interpretation of living
conditions and lifestyle.

Recording and Recovery
Due to the highly disturbed nature of the refuse deposit, and the relatively recent
date of the material and its deposition, the following was recommended for recording
and recovery:
•

•
•
•

Suitably qualified and experienced historical archaeologists should workthrough the rubble/refuse layer systematically to record any items that may be
used to address the above research questions. However, given the limited
research potential of the site this should be a general characterisation andphotographic record as opposed to a large-scale recovery. Some artefact
samples may be recovered if deemed appropriate.
During this process the archaeologists should recover any items that may be
used in an interpretive capacity in consultation with Fremantle Prison
collections staff.
Any material recovered for either its archaeological research or interpretive
potential, should be assessed and accessioned into the Fremantle Prison
collection.
The remaining material can then be removed and disposed of.

However, the asbestos contamination present in the refuse layer resulted in thecontractors advising State Heritage staff they could not access the area. Instead,labourers were provided who were supervised by State Heritage.
With regard to the layer underlying the refuse/rubble layer, the following wasrecommended:••

Once the refuse/rubble layer has been removed, a suitably qualified andexperienced historical archaeologist should assess the exposed ground level
to determine its integrity and archaeological potential. Unnecessary ground
disturbance should be avoided.
However, should ground disturbance be unavoidable, this should berecovered via controlled archaeological excavation or, if this is not possible
due to the contamination, monitored by an appropriately qualified historicalarchaeologist with the deposits recorded and recovered.
15 | P a g e

Once the overlying refuse was removed it became apparent that the underlying layer
was also highly disturbed so a similar process was utilised to recover samples fromthis layer with the remainder being disposed of.
Whilst the archaeological monitoring process was underway the contractors also
advised a series of five trenches adjacent to the original rear steps (Figures 12 & 13)
would need to be excavated for the construction of firewalls which would result in the
disturbance of what may be in-situ archaeological deposits from the early occupation
period. Due to the contamination issues, officers were again unable to participate so
it was recommended that the excavation of these be undertaken in a controlledmanner with hand shovels, and be monitored by SHO archaeologists.

Figure 11 – View of rear verandahs showing location of some of the original rear steps

16 | P a g e

Figure 12 – Locations of the five firewall trenches

17 | P a g e

Site Visit/Methods
On Thursday 8 and Friday 9 September 2016, historical archaeologists from State
Heritage attended the site and supervised the recording and recovery of the refuselayer beneath the rear verandahs of W3. The excavation of the five firewall trenches(Figure 12) was also monitored.
The labourers provided by the contractor were outfitted in PPE and given a quick
briefing as to the process to be followed by SHO before entering the area under therear verandah. Historical archaeologists Kelly Fleming and Karina Williams(Thursday) and Kelly Fleming and Daniel Holland (Friday) monitored the removal of
the refuse layer (Figure 13) as the contractor’s labourers moved from the northeastend (Unit 17) to the southwest end (Unit 7; Figure 14).

Figure 13 – W3 Unit 17 Showing contractors recovering material

18 | P a g e

Figure 14 – Map showing cottage and quadrant designations

19 | P a g e

Material removed by the recovery team was briefly inspected then relocated to thearea southeast of the stone wall blocking off the verandah and inspected moreclosely by SHO archaeologists. Items were sorted into material type andphotographed.
The material recovered ranged from intact clothing items, ferrous metal cans bothfood and fuel, glass bottles many of which were intact, ceramic tableware, children’s
toys and other miscellaneous items (a brief catalogue is provided at Appendix 1).
The following photographs (Figures 15-26) provide an overview of the material. A fullset of photographs are provided at Appendix 2. The refuse layer was the densest at
Unit 13, whereas Unit 17 had very little, the majority of which was post 1960s.

Figure 15 – W3 Unit 15 NE side NE of stairs, ferrous metal artefacts

20 | P a g e

Figure 16 - W3 Unit 13 NE side NE of stairs, general material

Figure 17 - W3 Unit 13 SW side SW of stairs, glass bottles

21 | P a g e

Figure 18 - W3 Unit 13 NE side NE of stairs, glass bottles

Figure 19 - W3 Unit 13 NE side NE of stairs, ferrous metal artefacts

22 | P a g e

Figure 20 - W3 Unit 11 NE side NE of stairs, glass bottles

Figure 21 - W3 Unit 11 NE side NE of stairs, ferrous artefacts and bone

23 | P a g e

Figure 22 - W3 Unit 9 NE side NE of stairs, glass bottles, ceramics and bone

Figure 23 - W3 Unit 9 NE side NE of stairs, ferrous metal artefacts

24 | P a g e

Figure 24 - W3 Unit 9 SW side SW of stairs, general material

Figure 25 - W3 Unit 7 NE side NE of stairs, general material

25 | P a g e

Figure 26 - W3 Unit 7 NE side NE of stairs, general material

Results
Refuse Layer
The recording and recovery of material from beneath the rear verandahs at W3
revealed some general information about the material conditions of the occupants.
However, the highly-mixed nature of the assemblage rendered its research value
relatively low. Although the material could be linked to the cottage from which it
came, and the approximate location of its disposal, the continual disturbance of the
sub-verandah area makes a more definitive identification of its archaeologicalcontext tenuous. In addition, although the approximate manufacturing date of someof the material can be determined, without an archaeological context its specificperiod of use and/or disposal cannot be determined.
Overall the material can be described as general household refuse with a fairly
standard array of material objects that would have been commonly purchased/usedby working class families in the inter-war period. As noted the conclusions that canbe drawn are fairly limited, but the following provides a brief analysis of theassemblage at each cottage.
Cottage 17
Cottage 17 is located at the northernmost end of the row of cottages, directly
adjacent to the laneway which runs through to the Fremantle Markets. Material atthis location was limited and primarily comprised building rubble and late twentiethcentury refuse. This may indicate that the occupants had cleaned the sub-verandah
space over time, did not dispose of refuse in this space as the other cottage
occupants did, or that the area remained inaccessible until the more recent past.
26 | P a g e

Alternatively, the lack of general refuse and absence of children’s or women’s items
may suggest that the cottage was occupied by a single male.
Cottage 15
Cottage 15 is located southwest of Cottage 17. Material at this location comprised
ferrous food cans, fuel cans, as well as toys, ceramics, bone and alcohol and foodbottles. The material was consistent with general household refuse from working
class assemblages i.e. relatively inexpensive and mass produced, and most items
for which a date could be determined were c.1920-40. The presence of toys would
suggest one or more children were in residence.
Cottage 13
Cottage 13 is located southwest of Cottage 15 and comprised the densest
assemblage of the cottages. This was again consistent with general domestic refuse
dating to the c.1920-40 period, and included ferrous food cans, fuel cans, toys,
ceramics, and alcohol, food and medicine bottles. A number of bone fragments was
also recorded at Cottage 13, as was the front door section of a Metters Stove. A
higher proportion of ‘industrial’ items to the other cottages was recorded here also,
including car parts, and miscellaneous iron objects.
Bottles included beer, case gin, condiments, and laxatives, whilst a number of thefood cans were consistent with the short squat ‘Bully Beef’ type cans. Bone, although
not analysed in detail, was from mainly sheep with some cow bone. Women’s andchildren’s items were also recorded here albeit not in as high numbers as at Cottage
15.
Cottage 11
Cottage 11 is located southwest of Cottage 13 and, similar to its northeast
neighbour, comprised a fairly dense assemblage consistent with general domestic
refuse dating to the c.1920-40 period. At Cottage 11 this included ferrous food, fueland paint cans, cooking implements, bed and bicycle parts, writing slate fragments,
women’s and children’s shoes, ceramics, and alcohol, food and medicine bottles.
Alcohol bottles included mainly beer with some sprits, with other glass vessels
having contained condiments and medicines or poisons. Food cans were various
with some fish cans present. Bone was mainly sheep, and what appears to be asmall dog skull. The assemblage from Cottage 11 again included a number of‘industrial’ items e.g. car parts. One fuel can had holes in its sides indicating it wasprobably converted for use as a bucket.
Cottage 9
Cottage 9 is located southwest of Cottage 11. The assemblage here was not as
dense as at Cottages 11 & 13, but did comprise some comparable material including
ferrous food, fuel and paint cans, cooking implements, bone, bed and bicycle parts,
ceramics, and alcohol, food and medicine bottles.
Bottles comprised beer and spirits as well as vinegar, floor polish, ammonia, andcold medicine. Food cans were various including ‘Bully Beef’ style, milk, and fish,
though many were consistent with the dimensions of fruit or vegetable cans. Bonecomprised largely sheep with some cow. Amongst the ceramic assemblage was a
27 | P a g e

large white chamber pot or possibly a tureen, and a plate, shallow bowl, mixing bowl
and cup. Some notable ‘industrial’ items were recorded here too with what appeared
to be a pith-type helmet and a heavy leather or canvas apron, perhaps indicating theoccupant was engaged in welding, iron work or other industrial activities. As for
Cottage 11 one fuel can had been converted into a bucket. Women’s and children’s
items were not as common here as at Cottage 15, though two large baby formulacans were recorded. The assemblage again largely represents general domestic
refuse dating to the c.1920-40 period.
Cottage 7
Cottage 7 is located southwest of Cottage 9 and comprised the smallest assemblage
overall. The glass bottles here were largely medicinal, albeit with some spirits, beer
and condiments. Two shoes, one a woman’s and the other a child’s, and a cosmetic
case were also present. Ceramics comprised a whiteware plate with gilded banding,with children’s toys, buttons and a stoneware ornament also amongst theassemblage. Ferrous cans were limited with only two food, one paint, and two fuelcans.
General Observations - Refuse Layer
As noted above the assemblages were largely consistent with domestic refuse
dating to the c.1920-1940 period. Food cans and glass bottles indicate a variety of
consumption practices, with the presence of bone also indicating access to fresh
meat. The fairly high proportion of alcohol vessels suggests the most common
beverage was beer, whilst the presence of quite a number of medicinal bottles,
including laxatives, may indicate the occupants were using home remedies to treat
various ailments with the laxatives perhaps suggesting a poor diet.
Most of the assemblages at the cottages comprised evidence for the presence ofboth women and children, whilst what were most likely male activities during thisperiod were represented by industrial items. The quality and type of items present
would be consistent with a working-class assemblage during this period i.e. relatively
inexpensive ceramics, a low number of highly decorative or high quality objects,
easily affordable and accessible canned products, and a higher proportion of bone
representing lamb/mutton as opposed to beef.
Firewall Trenches
As noted five trenches were excavated (Figure 12) by the labourers provided by thecontractor monitored by SHO archaeologists. Trenches 1 & 2 (at the northern end)
contained little or no material and appeared to be quite disturbed deposits. However,trenches 3, 4 & 5 comprised less disturbed deposits with a small number of artefacts
in-situ.
Firewall Trench 3
Trench 3 was situated directly adjacent (NE) to the original rear steps for Unit 13,
with the rear yard of Unit 11. The uppermost layers were mixed with amber bottle
glass fragments found just below the original bottom step. As the trench was
excavated further a small whiteware bowl fragment was recovered and in the layer
beneath this was a glass perfume bottle (approx. 1150mm below the bottom step)
28 | P a g eand transfer-printed earthenware fragments (approx. 1250mm below the bottom
step; Figure 27).

Figure 27 – Firewall trench 3, final excavation depth

Firewall Trench 4
Trench 4 was situated directly adjacent (NE) to the original rear steps for Unit 11,
with the rear yard of Unit 9. The top layers were again mixed, with a butter knife
being recovered just below the original bottom step. As the trench was excavatedlittle material was encountered until at approximately 1280mm below the bottom step
(Figure 28) a clay pipe bowl was recovered which was inscribed ‘BEN NEVIS’.

29 | P a g e

Figure 28 – Firewall trench 4, final excavation depth

Firewall Trench 5
Trench 5 was situated directly adjacent (NE) to the original rear steps for Unit 9, withthe rear yard of Unit 7. The top layers were again mixed, with metal fragments andamber bottle glass recovered just below the original bottom step. At approximately
1220mm below the top step (Figure 29) a mixture of transfer-printed earthenware
tableware was recovered along with an olive bottle glass fragment.

30 | P a g e

Figure 29 – Firewall trench 5, final excavation depth

General Observations – Firewall Trenches
The material recovered from firewall trenches 3, 4 & 5 would indicate that the lower
levels may represent in-situ deposits possibly dating to quite early in the occupationof the cottages. The BEN NEVIS clay pipe, and fragments of transfer-printed
earthenware would be consistent with a c.1880-1910 occupation date, whilst theirposition, at the base of deposits directly adjacent to the original rear steps, would
also be consistent with items common to ‘sweep zones’, or areas outside the homewhere material swept out the back door, such as fragments of broken tableware,
31 | P a g emay end up. Some further analysis of these artefacts and their manufacturing period
may provide further information.

Conclusions & Recommendations
The recording and recovery of refuse situated beneath the verandahs at W3 resulted
in a rich collection of artefacts dating mainly to the inter-war period. Although
recovered using a salvage methodology due to both contamination issues andindications that the deposit was highly disturbed, the resulting collection will still
provide quite a rich source of information about the occupants at this time. Further
analysis undertaken by the Fremantle Prison curatorial team will provide additional
information about the material and its contribution to the story of the cottages’
occupants. In addition, the high degree of preservation of the material recovered will
enable much of it to be accessioned into the Fremantle Prison museum collection(Appendix 3) allowing it to be included in interpretation that communicates the storyof the lives of the warders.
With regard to the artefacts recovered from the lower level of the firewall trenches,
these appear to be in-situ deposits dating to the early occupation of the cottages.
Should further ground disturbance be proposed for these areas, recovery via
controlled archaeological excavation, by suitably qualified and experienced historicalarchaeologists, is recommended.

32 | P a g e

Appendix 1
Cottage
No.

Location
Designation

Material Type

17

Ferrous metal

ObjectLarge
rectangular can

17

Red Brick

Brick

17

Red Brick

15 NE
15 NE

Ferrous metal
Timber

15 NE

Clear glass

15 NE
15 NE

Amber glass
Galvanised
ferrous metal

Brick
Large
rectangular can
Medium bowl
CylindricalbottleCylindricalbottle

15
15
15
15
15
15
15

NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE

TimberFerrous metal
Paper
Whiteware
Ferrous metal
Leather
Timber15 NE

Ferrous metal

15 NE

Ferrous metal

13 NE
13 NE

Amber glass
Clear glass

13 NE

Clear glass

13 NE

Clear glass

13 NE
13 NE

Tint glass
Clear glass

13 NE

Clear glass

13 NE

Clear glass

Jar
Jar
RectangularbottleCylindricalbottleRectangularbottleBottleLargehexagonal
bottleMedium ovalbottle13 NE

Clear glass

Bottle stopper

Pot
Rocking horse
head
KettlePlaying cards
Bowl
Tricycle wheel
SandalCricket wicket
Small
rectangular can
Large cylindricalcanCategory

Text

Contents

Quantity
MNV/MNI

Date

Description

Fuel can
Building
materials
Building
materials

Nil

Kerosene

1

SB

N/A

3

SBW

N/A

1

Fuel canKitchenware

Nil
Nil

Kerosene
N/A

5
1

Drink vessel

Nil

Milk

1

Drink vessel

Golden West Perth & Fremantle

Beer

1

Kitchenware

Nil

N/A

1

Toy/Recreation
Kitchenware
Toy/Recreation
Kitchenware
Toy/Recreation
Clothing
Toy/Recreation

Nil
Nil

1
1

Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

Drink vessel

Nil

Tea?

1

Tea cannister?

Food vessel
Medicinal
vesselFood vessel

Nil

?

1

Solder seal

Kruschen salts
Nil

Tonic
Pickles?

1
1

Pickle jar?

Food vessel

Nil

Sauce?

1

Square/rectangular, sauce?

Drink vessel

Northey & Harridge Fremantle

Aerated water

1

Food vessel
Drink vessel

Nil
Nil

Sauce?
Whiskey?

2
1

Food vessel

Nil

Salad oil?

1

Drink vessel
Medicinal
vesselNil

Whiskey?

1

Nil

Tonic?

1

Multiple holes punched in base for use as sieve

1
1
1
1

Smal hip flask type

Cottage
No.

Location
Designation

Material Type

13 NE
13 NE
13 NE

Ferrous metal
Bone
Bone

13 NE

Ferrous metal

ObjectCar parts
various
Sheep
Cow
Mediumcylindrical can
Medium squat
cylindrical can
Small cylindrical
can

13 NE

Ferrous metal

13 NE
13 NE

Ferrous metal
Galvanised
ferrous metal

13 NE

Ferrous metal

13 NE

Ferrous metal

13 NE
13 NE

Ferrous metal
Other

13 NE
13 NE
13 SW

Amber glass
Amber glass
Ferrous metal

Small pailMediumcylindrical can
Mediumcylindrical can
Large
rectangular can
Small case
CylindricalbottleOval bottle
Stove front

13 SW
13 SW
13 SW

Ferrous metal
Ferrous metal
Plastic

Miscellaneous
Tray
Hair curler

13 SW
13 SW
13 SW

Clear glass
Clear glass
Tint glass

13 SW
11 NE

11 NE

Clear glass
Ferrous metal
Galvanised
ferrous metal
Galvanised
ferrous metal
Ferrous metal &timberWindow
Jar
Bottle mouth
Cylindricalbottle base
Miscellaneous

11 NE

Amber glass

11 NE
11 NE

Roofing iron
Guttering/pipes
Bed base/wiremesh
Cylindricalbottle baseCategory

Text

Contents

Industrial
Food item
Food item

Nil
Nil
Nil

N/A
N/A
N/A

Food vessel

Nil

Fruit/vegetables

Quantity
MNV/MNI
Various

Date

Description

1
1
6

Food vessel

Nil

Meat

4

Bully Beef style, solder on base of some, one
may be treacle

Drink vessel

Nil

Cocoa?

1

Possibly tobacco?

Other

Nil

N/A

1

Miniature pail?

Household

Nil

Oil?

1

c.1950?

Household

Nil

Paint

2

Fuel canPersonal

Nil
Nil

Kerosene
N/A

4
1

All cut down in half
Small child's case?

Drink vessel
Drink vesselHousehold
Building
materials
Kitchenware
Personal
Building
materials
Food vessel
Food vessel

Nil
Nil
Metters

Beer
Whiskey?
N/A

10
1
1

2 x examples retained (one with label)
Screw top lid

Nil
Nil
Nil

N/A
N/A
N/A

Nil
Nil
Nil

N/A
Pickles?
Sauce?

Drink vessel
Industrial
Building
materials
Building
materials

Nil
Nil

Milk
N/A

Nil

N/A

1

Nil

N/A

2

Furnishings

Nil

N/A

1

Drink vessel

Nil

Beer

6

Various1
1

Drain pipes, barrel hoop
Multiple holes punched through1111
Various

Car parts, pipes
Standard orb

34 | P a g e

Cottage
No.

Location
Designation

Material Type

11 NE

Amber glass

11 NE

Amber glass

11 NE

Amber glass

11 NE

Clear glass

11 NE

Tint glass

11 NE
11 NE

Clear glass
Clear glass

11 NE

Ferrous metal

11 NE

Ferrous metal

11 NE

Ferrous metal

11 NE

Ferrous metal

11
11
11
11

NE
NE
NE
NE

Ferrous metal
Ferrous metal
Bone
Bone

11 NE

Ferrous metal
Enamelled
ferrous metal
Aluminium
Leather
Leather
Ferrous metal

11
11
11
11
11

NE
NE
NE
NE
NE

11 SW
11 SW
11 SW

Ferrous metal
Aluminium
Enamelled
ferrous metal

11 SW

Amber glass

ObjectCylindricalbottle baseLarge ovalbottleLarge
rectangularbottleLargehexagonal
bottleMediumcylindricalbottleMediumcylindricalbottleJar
Large
rectangular can
Mediumcylindrical can
Mediumcylindrical can
Smallrectangular can
Mediumrectangular can
BucketDog
Sheep
MedicinecabinetPot
Pot lidChild's shoe
Woman's shoe
Bed spring
Large
rectangular can
Pot

Category

Text

Contents

Quantity
MNV/MNI

Date

Description

Drink vessel

Letchford

Aerated water

2

Drink vessel

Nil

Whiskey?

1

Drink vessel

NilSpirits?

1

Food vessel

Nil

Sauce?

1

Drink vessel

Nil

Cocoa Cola

1

Food vessel
Food vessel

Nil
Nil

Sauce?
Fruit/vegetables

1
5

Tall slender bottle
One jar may have tea in it

Fuel canNil

Kerosene1

Holes in top for handle

Household

Nil

Paint

5

Food vessel

Nil

Fruit/vegetables

3

Food vessel

Nil

Fish

1

Food vesselHousehold
Other
Food item

Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil

Biscuits
N/A
N/A
N/A

1
1
1
1

Furnishings

Nil

N/A

1

Small painted metal medicine cabinet

Kitchenware
Kitchenware
Clothing
Clothing
Furnishings

Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

1
1
2
2
1

Small cooking pot
Medium pot lid

Fuel canKitchenware

Nil
Nil

Kerosene
N/A

2
1

Shallow dish
Kitchenware
Large cylindricalbottleDrink vessel

Nil

N/A

1

Golden West

Beer

1

Anchovy can?

Small dog skull

One has multiple small holes punched throughbase

35 | P a g e

Cottage
No.

Location
Designation

Material Type

11 SW

Amber glass

11
11
11
11
11

Clear glass
Plastic
Plastic
Amber glass
Bone

SW
SW
SW
SW
SW

11 SW
11 SW
11 SW

Ferrous metal
Ferrous metal
Ferrous metal

9 NE

Amber glass

9 NE

Amber glass

9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9

Amber glass
Amber glass
Earthenware
Earthenware
Earthenware
Earthenware
Whiteware
Clear glass

NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE

9 NE

Olive glass

9 NE

Clear glass

ObjectLarge cylindricalbottleLarge ovalbottle
Comb
Cup
Jar
Sheep
Bicycle mud
guard
Springs
Bed spring
Large cylindricalbottleLarge cylindricalbottleLarge cylindricalbottleJar
Chamber pot
Large plate
Shallow bowl
Mixing bowl
Cup
Moulded dishLarge cylindricalbottleLarge cylindricalbottle9 NE

Tint glass

9 NE

Clear glass

9 NE
9 NE
9 NE

Clear glass
Clear glass
Clear glass

9 NE

Clear glass

MediumrectangularbottleLarge cylindricalbottleLargehexagonal
bottleTea cup
Tumbler
Moulded glass
lid

Amber glass

Mediumrectangularbottle9 NE

Category

Text

Contents

Quantity
MNV/MNI

Date

Description

Drink vessel

Nil

Beer

3

Drink vessel
Personal
Kitchenware
Household
Food item

Nil
Nil
Nil
NuggetNil

Whiskey?
N/A
N/A
Shoe polish
N/A

1
1
1
2
1

Toy/Recreation
Other
Furnishings

Nil
Nil
Nil

N/A
N/A
N/A

1
1
2

Drink vessel

Nil

Beer

6

Drink vessel

Penfolds

Port?

1

Drink vesselHouseholdHousehold
Tableware
Tableware
Kitchenware
Tableware
Tableware

Nil
O___ALIA/Mystery Floor Polish
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil

Port?
Floor polish
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Drink vessel

NilChampagne/beer

1

Drink vessel

NilSpirits?

2

Food vessel

Nil

Sauce?

2

Food vessel

Nil

Vinegar2

Food vessel
Tableware
Tableware

Illegible
Nil
Nil

Sauce?
N/A
N/A

1
1
1

Check collected

Tableware

Nil

N/A

1

Decorative tableware?

Medicinal
vesselBonningtons/Irish Moss/Couchs & Colds

Cough Mixture

2Child's cup

Adult size bike
From buggy?

Moulded glass

36 | P a g e

Cottage
No.

Location
Designation

9 NE

Amber glass

9 NE

Amber glass

9 NE
9 NE

Amber glass
Leather

9 NE

Clear glass

9 NE

Clear glass

ObjectSmall cylindricaljarLarge wide
mouth jar
Small cylindricaljarChild's shoe
Medium ovalbottleLarge cylindricalbottle9 NE

Tint glass

Window

9 NE

Ferrous metal

9 NE
9 NE
9 NE

Ferrous metal
Ferrous metal
Ferrous metal

HelmetLarge
rectangular can
Horseshoe
Bed spring

9 NE

Material Type

9 NE

Leather/canvas
Galvanised
ferrous metal
Enamelled
ferrous metal
Enamelled
ferrous metal
Enamelled
ferrous metal
Enamelled
ferrous metal

9 NE

Ferrous metal

9 NE

Ferrous metal

9 NE

Ferrous metal

9 NE

Ferrous metal

9 NE

Ferrous metal

9 NE

Ferrous metal

9 NE
9 NE
9 NE
9 NE

Category
Medicinal
vesselText

Contents

Quantity
MNV/MNI

Date

Description

Faulding

Medicine

1

Possibly a pill or tincture?

Household
Medicinal
vesselClothing
Medicinal
vessel

Nil

Floor polish?

2

Nil
Nil

Cream/ointment
N/A

2
1

DettolAntiseptic

1

Drink vessel
Building
materials

Nil

Aerated water

1

Possibly vinegar?

Nil

N/A

1

Clothing

Nil

N/A

1

Heavy ripple moudling, bathroom window type
Similar to a heavy duty pith helmet, industrial
work item?

Fuel can
Other
Furnishings

Nil
Nil
Nil

Kerosene
N/A
N/A

4
1
2

One has been cut down for re-use as bucket

Apron
Water pumpcover

Clothing
Building
materials

Nil

N/A

1

Heavy apron, possibly leather/canvas lined.
Likely for some form of industrial work e.g.
welding

Nil

N/A

1

Cone-shaped cover for water pump/sump

TeapotTableware

Nil

N/A

1

Blue

Chamber pot

Household

Nil

N/A

1

White

Pot

Kitchenware

Nil

N/A

1

Large single-handle cooking pot

Pot lid
Medium squat
cylindrical can
Small cylindrical
can
Small
rectangular can
Small cylindricalcanSmall squat
cylindrical can
Smallrectangular can

Kitchenware

Nil

N/A

1

Probably for a teapot

Food vessel

Nil

Meat

4

Bully beef style

Food vessel

Nil

Fruit/vegetables

4

Food vessel

Nil

Fish

2

Drink vessel

Nil

Milk

1

Food vessel

Nil

Fish

1

Fish paste?

Fuel can

Nil

Oil?

1

Has nozzle, oil or lighter fluid

Sardines

37 | P a g e

Cottage
No.

Location
Designation

Material Type

9 NE

Ferrous metal

9 NE

Ferrous metal

9 NE

Ferrous metal

9 NE

Ferrous metal

9 NE

9 NE

Ferrous metal
Galvanised
ferrous metal
Galvanised
ferrous metal

9 NE
9 NE

ObjectSmall
rectangular can
Mediumcylindrical can
Mediumcylindrical can
Large
rectangular can
Large cylindricalcanCategory

Text

Contents

Quantity
MNV/MNI

Date

Description

Food vessel

Nil

Meat

1

Food vessel

Nil

Fruit/vegetables

8

Food vessel

Peas

Fruit/vegetables

1

Drink vessel?

Baby formula2

Check collected as notes indicate baby formula
but no text transcription

Food vessel

Nil

Meat

8

Taller meat cans?

Wash tubHousehold

Nil

N/A

1

Standard laundry tub

Household

Nil

N/A

1

Ferrous metal
Plastic

Bucket
Bed base/wire
mesh
Toy

Nil
Nil

N/A
N/A

1
1

9 NE

Ferrous metal

Grate

Furnishings
Toy/Recreation
Building
materials

Nil

N/A

1

9 NE

HelmetClothing

Nil

N/A

1

7 NE
7 NE

CanvasEnamelled
ferrous metal
Ferrous metal

Vent grating, cast iron?
Possibly additional elements of pith helmet
found at adjacent site

Household
Kitchenware

Nil
Nil

N/A
N/A

1
1

Roasting tray

7 NE

Ferrous metal

Fuel can

Nil

N/A

2

7 NE

Amber glass

Drink vessel

Nil

Beer

1

7 NE
7 NE

Ferrous metal
Ferrous metal

Wash tubTray
Large
rectangular can
Large cylindricalbottleMediumcylindrical can
Bed spring

Food vessel
Furnishings

Nil
Nil

Fruit/vegetables
N/A

1
2

Medicinal
vessel?

Cough Mixture

1

Drink vessel

Nil

Beer

1

9 NE

7 SW

Amber glass

7 SW

Amber glass

7 SW

Amber glass

7 SW

Clear glass

7 SW

Amber glass

7 SW

Clear glass

MediumrectangularbottleLarge cylindricalbottleMedium ovalbottleMediumrectangularbottleSmall ovalbottleMediumcylindricalbottleDrink vessel
Medicinal
vesselMedicinal
vesselFood vessel?

Whiskey?

1

Nil

Tonic

1

Nil

Medicine

1

Nil

Pickles?

1

Spam type canDump truckRe-used as pencil holder, pencils still inside

Not transcribed but may have been collected so
could checkNot transcribed but may have been collected so
could check38 | P a g e

Cottage
No.
7
7
7
7
7
7
7

Location
Designation
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW

ObjectCategory

LeatherCanvas
Metal unknown
Whiteware
Plastic
Shell
Plastic

Ladie's shoeChild's shoe
Cosmetic case
Plate
Toy
ButtonButtonLarge cylindricalcanRazorsClothing
Clothing
Personal
Tableware
Toy/Recreation
Clothing
Clothing

Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

From a compact or hand mirror
Gilded band
Plastic doll's hat
Large two-hole
Large four-hole

Food vessel
Personal
Medicinal
vesselKitchenware
Kitchenware
Food item

Nil
Nil

Meat
N/A

1
5

Large meat can?
Blades for men's razor

Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil

Tonic
N/A
N/A
N/A

1
1
1
1

Household

Nil

Paint

1

Food vesselHousehold

Nil
Nil

Biscuits
N/A

1
1

7 SW
7 SW

Ferrous metal
Ferrous metal

7
7
7
7

Clear glass
Plastic
Metal unknown
Bone

SW
SW
SW
SW

7 SW

Ferrous metal

7 SW
7 SW

Ferrous metal
Stoneware

Bottle stopper
Spoon
Spoon
Sheep
Mediumcylindrical can
Mediumrectangular can
Ornament

Text

Contents

Quantity
MNV/MNI

Material Type

Date

Description

39 | P a g e

Appendix 2 – Site Photographs
General Site Views

Figure 30 - W3 View SW from Unit 13

Figure 31 - W3 View to NE towards Fremantle Market Laneway

Unit 7

Figure 32 - W3 Unit 7 NE side NE of stairs material general

Figure 33 - W3 Unit 7 NE side NE of stairs material general

41 | P a g e

Figure 34 - W3 Unit 7 NE side NE of stairs material general

Figure 35 - W3 Unit 7 NE side NE of stairs material general

42 | P a g e

Unit 9Figure 36 - W3 Unit 9 NE side NE of stairs material general

Figure 37 - W3 Unit 9 NE side NE of stairs material general

43 | P a g e

Figure 38 - W3 Unit 9 NE side NE of stairs material general

Figure 39 - W3 Unit 9 NE side NE of stairs material general

44 | P a g e

Figure 40 - W3 Unit 9 NE side NE of stairs amber alcohol bottle

Figure 41 - W3 Unit 9 NE side NE of stairs amber ammonia bottle with label

45 | P a g e

Figure 42 - W3 Unit 9 NE side NE of stairs amber alcohol bottle

Figure 43 - W3 Unit 9 NE side NE of stairs amber floor polish jar with label

46 | P a g e

Figure 44 - W3 Unit 9 NE side NE of stairs amber cough mixture bottle; ‘Bonnington’s’Figure 45 - W3 Unit 9 NE side NE of stairs amber medicine bottle; Fauldings

47 | P a g e

Figure 46 - W3 Unit 9 NE side NE of stairs clear medicine bottle

Figure 47 - W3 Unit 9 NE side NE of stairs clear vinegar bottle with label

48 | P a g e

Figure 48 - W3 Unit 9 NE side NE of stairs clear vinegar bottle; Champions

Figure 49 - W3 Unit 9 NE side NE of stairs small clear bottle with label

49 | P a g e

Figure 50 - W3 Unit 9 NE side NE of stairs tint cordial bottle

Figure 51 - W3 Unit 9 NE side NE of stairs tint large bottle

50 | P a g e

Figure 52 - W3 Unit 9 SW side SW of stairs material general

Figure 53 - W3 Unit 9 SW side SW of stairs material general

51 | P a g e

Figure 54 - W3 Unit 9 SW side SW of stairs material general

Unit 11

Figure 55 - W3 Unit 11 NE side NE of stairs material general

52 | P a g e

Figure 56 - W3 Unit 11 NE side NE of stairs material general

Figure 57 - W3 Unit 11 NE side NE of stairs material general

53 | P a g e

Figure 58 - W3 Unit 11 NE side NE of stairs material general

Figure 59 - W3 Unit 11 NE side NE of stairs material general

54 | P a g e

Figure 60 - W3 Unit 11 NE side NE of stairs material general

Figure 61 - W3 Unit 11 NE side NE of stairs material general

55 | P a g e

Figure 62 - W3 Unit 11 NE side NE of stairs material general

Figure 63 - W3 Unit 11 NE side NE of stairs material general

56 | P a g e

Figure 64 - W3 Unit 11 NE side NE of stairs amber beer bottle

Figure 65 - W3 Unit 11 NE side NE of stairs amber medicine bottle; Taylor Chemical Co Sydney

57 | P a g e

Figure 66 - W3 Unit 11 NE side NE of stairs amber ointment jar

Figure 67 - W3 Unit 11 NE side NE of stairs amber poison bottle

58 | P a g e

Figure 68 - W3 Unit 11 NE side NE of stairs amber whiskey bottle

Figure 69 - W3 Unit 11 NE side NE of stairs amber whiskey bottle

59 | P a g e

Figure 70 - W3 Unit 11 NE side NE of stairs clear medicine bottle; Dr Scott’s Balsam/Marshalls Chem Co

Figure 71 - W3 Unit 11 NE side NE of stairs clear sauce bottle; D & J Fowler Limited

60 | P a g e

Figure 72 - W3 Unit 11 SW side SW of stairs material general

Figure 73 - W3 Unit 11 SW side SW of stairs material general

61 | P a g e

Figure 74 - W3 Unit 11 SW side SW of stairs material general

Unit 13

Figure 75 - W3 Unit 13 NE side NE of stairs material general

62 | P a g e

Figure 76 - W3 Unit 13 NE side NE of stairs material general

Figure 77 - W3 Unit 13 NE side NE of stairs material general

63 | P a g e

Figure 78 - W3 Unit 13 NE side NE of stairs material general

Figure 79 - W3 Unit 13 NE side NE of stairs material general

64 | P a g e

Figure 80 - W3 Unit 13 NE side NE of stairs material general

Figure 81 - W3 Unit 13 NE side NE of stairs material general

65 | P a g e

Figure 82 - W3 Unit 13 NE side NE of stairs material general

Figure 83 - W3 Unit 13 NE side NE of stairs material general

66 | P a g e

Figure 84 - W3 Unit 13 NE side NE of stairs material general

Figure 85 - W3 Unit 13 Metters Stove

67 | P a g e

Figure 86 - W3 Unit 13 Child’s Case

Figure 87 - W3 Unit 13 SW side SW of stairs material general

68 | P a g e

Figure 88 - W3 Unit 13 SW side SW of stairs material general

Figure 89 - W3 Unit 13 SW side SW of stairs material general69 | P a g e

Figure 90 - W3 Unit 13 SW side SW of stairs material general

Figure 91 - W3 Unit 13 SW side SW of stairs material general

70 | P a g e

Figure 92 - W3 Unit 13 SW side SW of stairs material general

Figure 93 - W3 Unit 13 SW side SW of stairs material general

71 | P a g e

Figure 94 - W3 Unit 13 SW side SW of stairs material general

Figure 95 - W3 Unit 13 SW side SW of stairs material general

72 | P a g e

Figure 96 - W3 Unit 13 SW side SW of stairs material general

Figure 97 - W3 Unit 13 SW side SW of stairs material general73 | P a g e

Figure 98 - W3 Unit 13 SW side SW of stairs material general

Figure 99 - W3 Unit 13 SW side SW of stairs material general

74 | P a g e

Figure 100 - W3 Unit 13 SW side SW of stairs material general

Figure 101 - W3 Unit 13 SW side SW of stairs material general

75 | P a g e

Unit 15

Figure 102 - W3 Unit 15 NE side NE of stairs material general

Figure 103 - W3 Unit 15 NE side NE of stairs material general

76 | P a g e

Figure 104 - W3 Unit 15 NE side NE of stairs material general

Figure 105 - W3 Unit 15 SW side SW of stairs material general

77 | P a g e

Figure 106 - W3 Unit 15 SW side SW of stairs material general

Unit 17

Figure 107 - W3 Unit 17 Contractors commencing refuse removal

78 | P a g e

Appendix 3 – Fremantle Prison Donation/Gift Agreement Form

80 | P a g e