The 15th Kawasaki International Eco-Business ForumFebruary 7, 2019
Culttz Kawasaki

Urban Symbiosis through Innovative
Circularization of Material and Energy: Urban E&M Infra Innovation Strategy
Hung Suck Park
Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UOU, ROK
Director, Ulsan Eco-Industrial Development Center Corporation, Ulsan, ROKFour major trends in Urban Areas Proportion of global population living in urban
areas is increasing
 Number and size of urban areas is mushrooming–Megacities, hypercities
 Urban growth slower in developed countries
 Poverty is becoming increasingly urbanized;
mostly in developing countries

Cities: Complex Organisms
23467

1532
4 Education and Recreation
1 High-rent Residental

5 Transportation

2 Intermediate-rent Residental

6 Industrial

3 Low-rent Residental

7 Central Business District3

Cities: Complex Metabolic Organism
Resource Inputs
Population &Human Capital

Stocks:• Land• Housing• Industrial
Infrastructure• Transport & Utility• Materials• Energy• Water• FoodUrban Systems& Processes
Urban GovernanceTechnological Sophistication
Urban Design &Development
Industrial and Organisational
Processes

Liveability: Human Well-Being& Environmental Quality• Housing Quality,Affordability⋯• Transport Access,Congestion⋯• Social and Economic
Well-being, Equity⋯• Environmental Health• Culture & Heritage• Indoor Air Quality• NoiseSupply & Demand:
Energy, Water, Food andTransport

Waste & Emissions/
Recycling & Reuse• Solid, Liquid &Hazardous Wastes• Wastewater• Air Pollution,GreenhouseHow can we make city sustainable ?
-through material and energy infra innovation
eco-innovation is “any form of innovation
aiming at significant and demonstrable progress
towards the goal of sustainable development,
through reducing impacts on the environment orachieving a more efficient and responsible use ofnatural resources, including energy” (Union2006).
5

Eco-innovera, 2014

6

Distribution of success factors among Eco-innovation parks
Energy efficiency

Optimization or reduction of energy use, including energy needed for buidlings and otherinfrastructure as well as for industrial production

Renewable energy

Use of and/or onsite production of renewable energy. This include solar energy, windenergy, hydropower, combined heat and power (CHP), energy production based on waste,
geothermal energy, tidal/wave generated energy, biofuels

Wastemanagement

Onsite collection, transport, onsite or external processing and recycling or disposal ofwaste

Water management

Onsite wastewater treatment, reduction/optimizarion of water use for infrastructure andproduction

Material/chemical
flow

Synergies, exchange of materials (chemicals, waste, etc) among companies, inter-firm
collaboration. Input-output scheme as theoretically defined by industrial symbiosis

Biodiversity

Biodiversity conservation or revitalization of ecosystems in the industrial/urban andsurrounding area

Mobility,transportationEfficient viable transport of goods or person with low environmental impact(e.g, public transport, electric vehicles, plug-in hybrids, carpooling systems)

Land use

Optimization/reduction of land use for indsutrial/urban infrastructure, revitalization ofderelict land

Air pollution
prevention

Reduction in pollution emissions through cleaner production processes or implementationof end-of-pine technologies

Environmentalmanagementsystems

Certification and labels with environmental standards at the park scale such as ISO 14000
or EMAS

Cultural, social,health and safety

Cultural aspects include the preservation of cultural diversities and valorization of localspecificities;
Social aspects include gender equity, professional reintegration, child care, integration of
disabled persons
Health and safety aspects include a safe and clean natural and working environment in
the industrial/urban and surrounding area
Eco-innovera, 2014

Discription of Success factors of eco-innovation
Success factor

Description/example

Short name

Economic value added

Direct business interests of companies in reducing expenses and/or in increasing profit byimplementing synergies with other companies in the park (implementation, development,perpetuation).

Value added

Policy & regulation frameworks

Legislation enhancing eco-innovation, sustainable development, public-private
partnerships, industrial symbiosis and eco- industrial development strategies throughlocal and regional policy action for implementation and regulatory instruments combinedwith innovative models.

Policye.g. tax reduction and/or financial support for companies commiting to sustainable
practices

Incentives

Organizational and institutional
setupsOrganization and setups for the operation of the park. Coordination bodies, e.g. trust
companies in charge of the coordination and services for stake-holders (e.g.
environmental services, risk analysis,information and training, marketing andcommunication, help for getting permits, “plug and play” services) and providing aplatform for cooperation among stakeholder Monitoring through independent authorities
and management of common mutualized infrastructures

Coordinators

Cooperation with Science andTechnology institutions

Cooperation with e.g. universities, science and technology enterprises and researchcenters, knowledge sharing

Coop. S&T

Geographical factors andregional infrastructure

Location (close to seaport, airport, hightway, urban centers, historical and naturalconditions), infrastructure, size, potential for expansion

Location

Local diversity of economic
activities

Large opportunity to create sets of feedback flows due to the diversity of economicactivities. Companies on site with activities in different sectors (e.g. wood industry, heat
power generation, chemical operations and paper manufacturing)

Diversity

Clear designation of the park as
eco-innovation park

Clear commitment, clear definition and differentiation from other parks (self-declarationmust be reviewed) as marketing and communication standards.

Eco-innovation Park

Financial incentives

Eco-innovera, 2014Concept of Energy Circularization (including waste to energy)
District
Heat Supply

Waste Heat
SupplyExhaust Heat

Low Pressure Heat

Low Pressure SteamHeat Pinch(Energy Optimization)

Power Plant(Organic Rankin Cycle)

Industrial Complex

Electricity Supply

Middle Pressure SteamUrban Area

Combustible Municipal
Waste
Municipal
Incinerator Plant

High Pressure Steam
Incineration
heat Supply
Renewable
Energy Supply

Combustible Industrial
Waste & By-product Gas

ASR (Automobile Shredder Residue), SRF (Solid Refuse Fuel)SRF Boiler

9Concept of Material Circularization (including waste to resource)

Substitute Resource
SupplyBy-product, Sludge & Waste
include valuable materials

Resource Recovery Plant(Extraction, Distillation, Purification)

Company A

Industrial Water

Company B

Wastewater Reuse

Industrial waster (washing, cooling, boiler)
SupplyWater Company

Substitute Resource
SupplyCompany A

Wastewater Recovery Plant(Flocculation, MF, RO)

Company B

Wastewater
Wastewater Treatment Facility

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US Cases: Industrial and Urban Symbiosis implemented in Ulsan
SupplyCompany

By-product (49)

Distillation & Purification

Alternative Raw Material (24)

Separation & Production

High Value-added New Product (14)

SRF & GasificationRenewal Energy (13)Industrial Incineration
Heat (4)DemandTechnology

CompanySRF
Heat Pinch

Excess Heat (13)Process Heat (18)Electricity
Generation (1)Municipal Incineration
Heat (2)Hot Water (2)Power Generation
Hot Water (1)Combustible
Waste (2)Wastewater
Inorganic
Waste (2)Organic & Bio
Waste (2)Public Facility
High Valueadded New
Product (2)Municipal
WasteHigh Valueadded New
Product (2)Urban & Agricultural
Area

Heat Exchange

District Heat (3)11(Fujita, 2015)12

Industrial Symbiosis and Urban Symbiosis in Kalundborg
Fanns

LakeTisso28
Straw 2009

Inbicon30Lignin
201031
C5/C6sugars
2010

The Municipalityof Kalundborg

1 Surface water 1961

3SurfaceWater
1973

26 Steam2009
29 Bioethanol

StatoilRefinery13 Sulphur
Fertilizer

Fertilizer
industry

1990
2001

2Gas1972

GyprocWaste water
treatment
Purificationof water

7Heat
1981

27 Condensate
2009

DONG Energy
AsnaesPower Station

15 Gas 1992
14 Tech water 1991

Pyroneer

33 Gasifier 2011
8 Steam 1982

Re-usebasin

6 Heat1980/89

20FlyAsh
1999

5Fly Ash
1979

Recovery of nickel
And vanadium

CementIndustry

18 Drain water 1995
21 Deionized water 2002
16 Gypsum 1993

RGS 9017 Waste water 1995
22Water
2004

10 Surface water 1987

25 Sea water 2007
9 Steam 1982
11 Colling
Water 1987

19 Sludge
1998

Fishfarm

Novozymes
Novo Nordisk

12
Yeastslurry

4Biomass/
NovoGro1976

1989

Pig farms

Farms

23 Waste gypsum

The Symbiosis Institute1996

Kara/Noveren
Surface water

Purified water

Water condensate

Sea waterSludge

Yeast slurry/Biomass/NovoGro

Carbohydrate

Waste gypsum

GypsumGas(Discontinued)

Sulphur fertilizer

Steam/Heat

Deionized water

Fly ashDrain waterKalundborg Industrial Symbiosis: B-to-B IS Contraction

Robin Branson, 2016IS&US Business Development Model
Eco-industrial Development

Hung Suck Park

Conferences
R&D
Tenants in IP
Energy Audit Company
Environmental Engineering Companys

Economic benefits

QC

Environmental BenefitsSocial Benefits

Publicity
Consulting

Research organizat
ions
Central Government

Investor

Local Government

waste

EIP Center

Trust

Win-win

Tenants company

Long term

Consulting Company

Exclusive

Energy Audit Company

Inexpensive

Research organizations

SimpleBy-productBankable

EIP Center

Investment

Service fee

R&D

Cost reduction, New production, Treatment Cost Saving,Cpompliance Cost Saving

1515

Innovative Approches
POLICY INSTRUMENTS
IS and US Dynamics (R3)

Conditions

TechnicalOutcomesType A

Env. Impact

Economic
R1

Type B

Type CType D

Type E

R2

NetworkStructure

Geospatial
Social /Institutional(Modified form Frank boon, 2016)

Type F

NetworkFunction
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Innovation: Win-Win
Optimum use of Economic, Social & Environmental Capital

Human &Social Capital
Health impacts vs.
Human impacts

Environmental
CapitalIncome & employment vs.
Labour & consumption

Resources &assimilation ofpollution vs. Pollution& its abatement

Economic
CapitalInteractions Between Economic, Social andEnvironmental CapitalBusiness Model Development:
Economic and Environmental Benefits Analysis
Economic Benefit

Environmental Benefit(separate calculation)

EE : Environmental effect, EEa : EE of EIP project, EEb : EE of Baseline projectW i : Waste generation, Ai : Air emission, wi : Waste water generation

Innovative IS Business
ESCO Principles

ISCO Principles

19Stepwise IS Expansions: Segmented Business ModelSK Energy[step 1]SK Energy

Sung-Am #1
incineration plantSung-Am #2
incineration plant(extension in 2012)

100 Ton/h
45 kg/cm2g

35 Ton/h
16 kg/cm2GSKC
35 Ton/h
45 kg/cm2g

25 Ton/h
16 kg/cm2GHyosung #2
Yongyeon plant

15 Ton/h
45 kg/cm2g

SK Energy
FCC Plant

SKC75 Ton/h
45 kg/cm2g[step 4]20 Ton/h
45 kg/cm2g

10 Ton/h
16 kg/cm2g

55 Ton/h
45 kg/cm2g[step 3][step 2]15 Ton/h
3 kg/cm2g

Hyosung #2
Yongyeon Plant

Sung-Am #1
Incineration Plant

SK Energy
Hyosung #1
Yongyeon Plant

30 Ton/h
45 kg/cm2g

Hyosung #1
Yongyeon plant

Korea
PTG

Sung-Am #2
Hyosung #3
Incineration Plant Yongyeon Plant

10 Ton/h
7 kg/cm2g

Hyosung #3
Yongyeon plant

Korea PTGKP ChemicalHanwha Chemical

Hansol Chemical
10 Ton/h
18 kg/cm2g[step 5]

Eastman

KP chemical
SK Chemical

20 ton/h
5 kg/cm2g
30 Ton/h
45 kg/cm2g

25 Ton/h
5 kg/cm2g

HanhwaChemical

Eastman

25 Ton/h
45 kg/cm2g

Hansol EME(extensionin 2014)

70 Ton/h
45 kg/cm2g

SK Chemical20

Lessons learned
1. Incentivised National and Local Policy
2. Vision and Consensus on Urban Development
3. Competitiveness and Sustainability Strategies
4. Material and Resource Infrastructure Innovation
5. Business Approach

Future Direction
1. From EIP to EID( IS -> US)
2. Standard, Handbook and Manual
3. Integration of Big data and AI, ICT and Env. technolgy
4. Various Business Model development
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5. Experience Sharing and InternationalCollaboration

Director: Ulsan EID Center Corportion
Professor, Dept Civil & Environmental Eng.
University of Ulsan
93 Dehakro, Nam-Gu, Ulsan, Korea 680-749
Tel: 052-259-1050
Fax: 052-221-0152
E-mail: parkhs@ulsan.ac.kr22