January 27, 2022

Nagoya University Library Guide Sheet 1. Before search for materials

1-1E How to read references
When you write a paper or thesis, you will need to read related journal articles and books. To do this, an
important step is to collect related articles and books from references that are usually listed at the end of anarticle, thesis or book. Please note that there are some differences in terms of ordering the descriptions andabbreviations of an article due to the different requirements for references in each journal. In This guide sheet
provides brief guidance on how to read a reference list.

＝＝＝How to read references＝＝＝
Ex.1．【Journal articles】
Author. (Year). Article title(sometimes omitted). Journal title, Volume number, Page numbers.
Su, L.K., Kinzler, K.W., Bogelstein, B., Preisinger, A.C., Moser, A.R., Luong, C., Gould. K.A. and Dove, W.F.

Author(1992).

Multiple intestinal neoplasia caused by a mutation in the murine homolog of the APC gene.

YearScience,256, 668-670.
Journal title Volume PageArticle title☆Attention① The format of references varies according to journals.
② Journal title is usually written by abbreviations.
To find journal title abbreviations you can use.

<Example>
ABBREVIATIONS
https://www.abbreviations.com/ (accessed 2021.1.27)
NCBI - NLM Catalog https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?db=journals (accessed 2021.1.27)③ Several abbreviations are used in references.

frequently used abbreviation
anon.
diss.
do.
et al.
etc.
ib., ibid.
id.
op. cit.

anonymous
dissertation
ditto (=the same as before)
et alii, et aliae (=and others)
et ceteraibidem, to indicate the same source as in the previous reference
idem, to indicate the same source as previously mentioned.
opere citato, in the work already cited.

Ex.2．【Book】 Article author, Article title. In: Book author, Book title. Publisher, Place Year, Page.
R.R. Williams, P.N. Hopkins, S.C. Hunt, M.C. Schumacher, B.M. Stults, L.L. Wu, S.J. Hasstedt, Inherited susceptibility

Article author

Article title

to metabolic complications of obesity. In: C. Bouchard (Ed.), The Genetics of Obesity. CRC Press,Book author
Bock Raton, FL. 1994, pp. 147-159.

PlaceYearPage

Book title

PublisherEx.3．【Patent】 Inventor. Patent No., Year
Frank, D. S.; Sundberg, M. W. U.S. Patent US4283382, 1981

Inventor

Patent No. Year

Information about the patent is usually not available at Nagoya University, but some of them are available on theInternet. You may obtain photocopy by Inter Library Loan.

Ex.4．【Proceeding】Paper author（Year） Paper title. Conference name where the paper was presented,Location.
Miller, J.D. (1992, April) Science achievement : Differences among urban, suburban, and nonmetropolitan schools.

Paper author Year

Paper title

Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco.

Conference name where the paper was presentedLocation

Some proceedings are published, but others are available only for attendees.
Some of the recent conference papers might be available at the conference websites.

Ex.5．【Electronic documents：Web page】 Author.(at one point) Web page title [accessed YYYY-MM-DD]<URL>
UNESCO (The World Heritage Convention) https://whc.unesco.org/en/convention/ 〔accessed 2022-01-27〕

Web page title☆Attention

URLReference dateWeb pages are constantly updated or the page might sometimes disappear.

＝＝＝Help !!＝＝＝
When references are incorrect
When references are incorrect, please check on Web of Science, EBSCOhost database, or search function ofe-Journals. By doing so, you can read abstracts or full texts and search for related articles.
Case of no clues
When you have no clue about a certain reference, please ask department library or Reference Counter of Central
Library. If you do so, please bring a copy of the references.
Other citation styles in references① MLA (Modern Language Association of America)： most commonly used citation style in liberal arts and humanities→The MLA Style Center https://style.mla.org/ （accessed 2022.01.27）→MLA Handbook. 8th ed. 2018. （Cent Lib 3F・Cent Lib Ref 836.5 M）② Chicago Manual of Style： developed by University of Chicago Press, Chicago citation style is widely used in publishing→The Chicago Manual of Style Online https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/home.html (accessed 2022.01.27)→A Manual for Writers of Research papers, theses, and dissertations. 9th ed. 2018. (Cent Lib 3F・Cent Lib Ref836.5 T)③ APA (American Psychological Association)： another widely used citation style in social science→APA Style https://www.apastyle.org/ (accessed 2022.01.27)→Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. 6th ed. 2010. (Cent Lib 3F/4F・Cent Lib Ref140.07 Am)

Next Step
By using citation management tools such as “EndNote basic” and “RefWorks”,
you can easily outsource your citations and bibliography in any kind of citation style
to your Microsoft Word document.
For more information, please refer to Guide Sheet 6-5E 「Export to Reference Management Tools」