教科書：Crown
教科書：Crown：Communication II：Lesson 8

Working against the Clock〔対人地雷は、人々を怪我させたりあるいは殺すように、設計されている：Antipersonnel
mines are designed to hurt orkill people〕. 〔それらは、見つけてそして除去するのが、とてもしい：They｜difficulttoarefindvery①

ふ〔対人地雷は、踏まれた時に爆発するように、地面の上または下に、置かれる：Antipersonnel
minesarelaidonor

under

the

ground so that they explode whenandthey are stepped on〕. They have only oneremove〕. Japanese scientists have joined〔地〔目的：purpose〕: to kill and injure people.

雷を見つけそして破壊する世界的尽力（に）：the world〔地雷によって怪我を負わされた多くの人々は、緩慢なかんまんdestroy

死を迎える：Many of those injuredmines〕. Hirose Shigeo広瀬茂男 has invented

by mines die a slow death〕. 〔生きseveral mine-clearing robots.

残った人々は、しばし、不幸、貧困、差別の人生を送

efforttofindandる：Those who survived often live
livesofmisery,poverty,anddiscrimination〕.

Mines cannot see or hear. 〔それら（＝地雷）は、兵士を、子供、祖母、雌牛、あるいは象と、区別することができない：Theycannottellasoldier

from a child, a grandmother, a cow, or anelephant〕. When anything touches them, they〔爆｜発する：explode〕. They remain active for avery long time—50 years, maybe even a century.
〔正確に地雷が世界中に何個あるか誰も知らない：No
one knows exactly how many mines
there are all over the world〕. In

2001, there were〔五千万個もの地雷：as manyas 50 million mines〕. 〔進展はしている（受動態の進行相）：Progress is beingmade〕, but still in 2015, over 6,400 people

were killed or injured by mines. 〔民間人が犠牲者の78%を占める：Civilians

madeup78

percent of the victims〕;〔その38%は子供だった：38｜

percentof

thosewerechildren〕. 〔80分毎に1人の犠牲者がいる：
There'sminutes〕.

onevictimevery80教科書：Crown：II：READ 23②〔地雷をなくすために努力はなされている（受動態の進Hirose Shigeo広瀬茂男 thinks he has a way to help.
Japan makes 〔世界で生産される70%近くのロボット行相）：Efforts are being made to（を）：nearly 70 percent of the robots

mines〕. The Ottawa Treatyオ

produced in the world〕, and Hirose has

タワ条約, which〔対人地雷の使用を終わらせることを目的

been building robots for many years. He〔<物>を手伝う：has been helping with〕theinternational effort to 〔地雷を取り除く：getrid of mines〕 using robotics since theearly 1990s. In 1996, he〔発表した：published〕 his first research paper on
mine-removing robots.

eliminateにする：aimsto

antipersonnel

end

theuseofmines〕 , 〔発効した：went into effect〕in 1999 and has now

been〔調印された：signed〕by〔150以上の国々：
more than 150 countries〕. Mine-clearing
operations are〔進行中である：ongoing〕.
The important question, however, is〔それほど多くの地雷を政府とＮＧＯがよもや除去できるかどうか：

The first robot that Hirose developed for finding
and removing mines was called Titan Ⅸ,〔長さwhether governments and NGO's can1m、幅90cmの：apossibly clear that many mines〕.

centimeter-wide robot〕. With its four

The answer is simple: this work can never bedone〔多くの人々の助け無しには：without thelegs, this robot can walk around on rocks andsand to find and〔解除：disarm〕mines. Hirose
is now〔開発している：developing〕apeople〕.

snake-type robot which can go through bushes〔地helpofalarge

numberof

one-meter-long,90-

雷に圧力をかけ（て起爆させ）ることなしに：withoutmines〕.

puttingpressureon教科書：Crown：II：READ 24③
In 2020, the Japanese government formed a study
group to〔〜を調べる：look into〕thetechnology for〔検知する（こと）：detecting〕
and removing mines. The study group wasJapan's part of an international effort to〔アフガニスタンが戦争の荒廃から復興するのを助ける（原形不〔彼は地元の人々が地雷を武装解除しているのを見た④
Back in Japan, Hirose went to work to solve theproblems he had found in Afghanistan. The idea
he〔思いついた：came up with〕was to usean〔普通の四輪の乗り物：ordinary fourwheel vehicle〕. He developed Gryphon
Ⅴ, which has 〔可動腕：a movable arm〕that
can〔場所を特定する：locate〕mines.〔その長い腕を延長して：Extending its long arm〕, it
can〔地雷がある場所に印をつける：mark wherethe mines are〕. After that, Afghan workers
can remove them with simple tools,〔それ（前文内（知覚動詞）：He容）は、彼らが彼らの仕事を保持できることを意味する定詞）：help Afghanistan recover fromtheravagesofwar〕 . Hirose went to

Afghanistan with this group.

watchedthelocalpeople

disarming mines〕—〔一つづつ：one by（非制限用法の関係詞）：whichone〕—with simple tools. First they had to〔場所they can keep their jobs〕. Gryphon Ⅴ ismeans

thatを突き止める：locate〕the mine. Then they

〔ずっとより高くない（≒ずっと安い）：much〔掘った：dug〕around it very carefully with aless expensive〕than Titan Ⅸ and canknife and〔その上から泥を取り除いた：cleared
dirt from the top〕. When they could see

be easily fixed if it breaks. And〔この新しいロボッ

the mine, they removed the〔導火線：fuse〕
with their fingers or〔それを起爆装置で爆発させた：
blew it up with a detonator〕. 〔この仕だ：this

事がいかに難しいかを見て、広瀬はそれを彼のロボットでやる方法があるに違いないと思った（完了分詞構文）：Having seen how dangerous
this work was, Hirose thought there must
be a way to do it with his robots〕.

Hirose explained to the Afghan people〔どのようにしてタイタンⅨが彼らが地雷を除去するのを助けられたかを（原形不定詞）：howTitanⅨ

could

help them clear mines〕.〔彼の驚いたことには：To his surprise〕, they did notthink that this robot would work in Afghanistan.
There were a couple of problems. First of all, it
was too expensive . Second, it was difficult to〔修理する：fix〕when it broke. Third, and mostimportant, the Afghans were afraid that〔それが彼らの地雷除去の仕事を奪ってしまうだろう：it would
take away their demining jobs〕.

トは、アフガニスタンの労働者が操作するのが簡単/単純
newrobotissimplefor

Afghanistan workers to operate〕.

教科書：Crown：II：READ 25

Other Japanese scientists and engineers havebeen working to develop different types of robots.
Researchers at a university in Chiba are working
on〔金属探知機のある昆虫のようなロボット：aninsect-likerobot

withametaldetector〕. An NPO has developed a robot

which shows an image of the mine on a screen. A
company in Yamanashi has developed〔それらを爆破させることにより地面から地雷を除去する機械：amachine

whichclears

thegroundofmines by exploding them〕.

Hirose and other Japanese scientists andengineers〔地雷除去技術において順調に進んでいる：
aremakinggoodprogress

indemining technology〕. Japan〔〜に貢献している：isto〕 the international
movement to〔地球から地雷を除去する：clear
the earth of mines〕.
contributing

There is no time to lose. 〔我々は時間と競争して/時間に追われて活動している：Weagainst the clock〕.

areworking