教科書：New Treasure
教科書：New Treasure：Stage 4：Lesson 2

The Hero Who Refused to be a Hero｜Section 1: Q. What happened in Poland after theNazis took over the country?

Section 2: Q. What were the conditions like in theghettos?

The Nazis〔〜を侵略した：invaded〕Poland in1939 and World War II 〔勃発した：brokeout〕in Europe.〔…した時：As〕the Nazis〔〜を乗っ取った：took over〕the country, 〔ユダ〔ゲットーの中の状態（は）：Conditions

ヤ人の迫害（が）：persecution

thestarvation and disease〕. 〔ナチスがユpeople〕, which had already begun in

ダヤ人を劣等人種と見なしていたので：As the Nazis

JewishofGermany, started in Poland, too. All Jewishpeople, 〔年齢や性別に関わらず：regardlessof their age or sex〕,〔ゲットーとして知られる市の特定地域に住むことを強いられた（使役動詞の受動態）：were made to live in certain
areas of the cities known as ghettos〕. They〔〜を去ることを禁じられた：were

forbidden

to leave〕the ghettos and〔そうしようとした｜

inthe ghettos〕were very bad. 〔ユダヤ人の（うちの）多くは：Many of the Jewish people〕〔飢えと病気に苦しんだ：sufferedfromregardedtheinferiorrace〕,〔彼らを助けるために、ほJewish

peopleasan

とんど何も、なされなかった（受動態）：littlewas done to help them〕. However,〔病気がゲットーから外に広がるかもしれないという恐れがあった：therewasafear

that

disease might spread from theghettos to the outside〕. 〔感染を抑えるため
keepacheckon

者は誰もが殺された：any who tried to doに：To

so were killed〕.

infections〕, 〔ごく少数の社会福祉士達が：a very small number of social
workers〕〔ゲットーに入ることを許可された：
were allowed to enter the ghettos〕.

They〔状況を監視することを許可された：wereallowedtomonitor

thesituation〕, but they〔助けることは許可されなかった：were not allowed to help〕. If

they helped the Jewish people,〔それは厳しい罰を意味した：itwouldhavemeant

severe punishment 〕for them andtheir families. One of these social workers wasIrena Sendler.イレーナ・センドラー｜

教科書：New Treasure：Stage 4 6Section 3: Q. Why was Irena eager to help theJewish people?

Section 4: Q. What did Irena decide to do in spiteof the many risks she faced?

Irena was born in the 〔ポーランドの首都：Polish capital〕of Warsawワルシャワ in
1910. As a social worker she〔ワルシャワの貧困者にSome of the weakest people in the ghettos werethe children and〔イレーナと何人かの他の人達が救お食糧とその他必需品を供給するのを助けた：helped toprovide

foodnecessities

toand

otherthepoorWarsaw〕. 〔彼女が助けた者の多くは：Manythosesheinofhelped〕were Jewish people

who,〔ナチスの侵攻後：after the Naziinvasion〕, were sent to live in the Warsawghetto. Irena〔その危険を知っていた：knew therisks〕, but she〔これらの貧困者に背を向けることは堪えられなかった：couldn't bear to turn

うを決心したのは、その子供達でした（強調構文）：it
was the children that Irena and several
others decided to save〕. This was〔非常に危険：extremelyrisky〕 and〔非常に困難：extremely difficult〕. First,

all〔出口：exits〕from the ghetto〔監視されていた：were watched〕. Second, anyone leaving〔徹底的に持ち物検査された探された：wasthoroughly searched〕. Finally,〔ユダヤ人を助けているところを見られた者は誰でも射殺された：anyone caught helping Jewish

her back on these poor people〕, who werepeople was shot〕. Irena and several others

suffering〔彼らがそれ（≒迫害）に値することは何もしdecided that 〔これにも関わらず：in spiteof this〕they would work together to takechildren secretly〔ゲットーの外へ：out of theghetto〕〔安全な場所へ：to safety〕. 〔イレーナていなかったにも関わらず：even though they

had done nothing to deserveit〕 . She 〔〜するのに熱心だった：waseager

to〕enter the ghetto and to help the people

there. Helping〔弱き無実の人：the weak andinnocent〕was something that she hadlearned from her father. Irena's father, a doctor,
had died treating poor Jewish patients in an〔伝染病（の流行）：epidemic〕in 1917. 〔かつて彼は彼女に言った：He once said to her〕, “Ifyou ever〔誰かが溺れているのを見る：seesomeone drowning〕, you must jump
into the water and try to save them. You must do
this〔たとえ…だとしても：even if〕you cannotswim.” Irena 〔気づいた：realized〕 laterthat he had told her that she must always help
〔弱者（を）：the weak〕 , 〔たとえ…だとしても：even if〕she thought she was weakherself. Now, in the ghetto, Irena was able to〔これを実践に移す：putpractice〕.

thisinto

は1,250人以上の子供達が逃げるのを助けた：Irena
helpedover

1,250

childrentoescape〕. Children〔隠された：werehidden〕in boxes and bags. They〔〜の外へ運び出された：werecarriedoutof〕 theghetto under〔〜の山：piles of〕vegetables
and among old clothes. Some small children wereeven taken out of the ghetto hidden under Irena'sskirt.

教科書：New Treasure：Stage 4 7

Section 5: Q. How did Irena save the girl when shebegan coughing?
〔一つの機会において（≒ある時）：Ononeoccasion〕Irena〔小さな女の子を車の後部座席の下に隠していた（使役動詞）：had a little girlhidden under the back seat ofher car〕. Irena〔彼女に静かにするように言った：
told her to be silent〕. She was very

good,〔彼女は咳をしてとても具合が悪かったが：Section 6: Q. What happened to Irena in 1943?
Irena's luck〔そう（/より）長くは続かなかった：did
not last much longer〕. In 1943 she〔逮捕された：was arrested〕by the Nazis. They
〔尋問した：questioned〕 her about theJewish children, but she told them nothing. They
〔拷問した：tortured〕her, but〔計り知れない痛みと苦しみにあってすらも：evenunderimmense pain and suffering〕sheeven though she was very sick with

〔それでも言おうとはしなかった：stilla cough〕. However,〔…する時に：as〕theywouldn't tell〕them anything at all. 〔ついwere leaving the ghetto, the car was stopped bysome Nazi soldiers. Irena〔沈黙して座っていた：satin silence〕while the soldiers checked thetrunk and under the car.〔ちょうどその時：Justthen〕, the little girl〔咳をし始めた：started tocough〕 . The poor child 〔止めようとした：
tried to stop〕, but she〔ますます咳をした：coughed and coughed〕. 〔きっと：Surely〕she would be discovered! Whatshould Irena do? Was this the end? “What isthat?” one of the soldiers said, and〔それから：に：Finally〕 , her friends 〔助けに来た：then〕〔懸念の目で〜を見た：lookedwith

concern at〕Irena. She〔大きく続けて咳をしていた：wascoughing

loudlyandcontinuously〕. “You need to see adoctor!” he said. He told her that she should becareful. He said that she might〔悪い病気をもらう：catch a bad disease〕from “thosedirty Jews.” “Thank you,” Irena said to thesoldier, and drove out of the ghetto. The child wassafe.

came to the rescue〕. 〔金銭と交換で：In exchange for money〕, one of herguards〔彼女を逃すことに同意した：agreed tolet her escape〕. For her own safety she
was hidden, but even from her hiding place she〔それでも何とか〜した：stillmanagedto〕help children. 〔彼女は最終的には2,500人ほどの子供達を助けたと言われている：Itthatshe

ultimately

2,500 children〕.

issaidhelpedsome教科書：New Treasure：Stage 4 8

Section 7: Q. What did Irena make for the children
she saved?

Section 8: Q. Why did Irena feel irritated whenpeople called her a 'hero'?

So what happened to all the children that Irena
saved? They were taken to〔宗教施設：religious institutions〕and toPolish families. Kind,〔勇敢な：brave〕people〔〜を引き取った（/養子にした）：adopted〕thechildren and gave them 〔偽の身元（/身分）：
false identities〕. For many years,
during and after the war, the children〔非ユダヤ人The children Irena saved called themselves“Irena's children” and〔〜を誇りに思っていた：wereproud of〕 their hero “mother.” Irena,
however, 〔自分自身を英雄としては全く見ていなかっのポーランド国民としてとして育った）：grewyears after the war. “ 〔その反対が正しい：The
opposite is true s〕... I did so little.”
Irena saved the lives of some 2,500 children and〔それでも：yet〕said she had done so little. Do
you think she was a hero?

up

as non-Jewish, Polish citizens〕.
〔彼らのほとんど（は）：Most of them〕had

lost everything, including their whole families.
However, Irena understood that〔子供達が彼らの過去を失わないことが重要であった：it was vitalthatthechildren

didn'tlose

theirpasts〕. They had to know〔彼らが誰で、彼らがどこから来たか（を）：who

theywereandwhere they had come from〕. She〔可能な限り沢山の子ども達の一覧表を作った：madelistofas

manychildren

aaspossible〕 , with their 〔本名：realnames〕, ages, and other information. She hid itin a〔瓶（ビン）：jar〕and〔それを地面に埋めた：buried it in the ground〕〔…できるように：sothat〕they could learn about

themselves and their families after the war
ended.

た：didn't see herself as a hero atall〕. “〔「英雄」という言葉は私を大いにイラつかせる：Theterm‘hero'

irritates

megreatly〕,” she said in an interview many