රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-6➨ 㸴 ❶            ࢽ࣍ࣥ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢዷፎ⋡⟬ฟ᪉ἲࡢ㛤Ⓨ㎷ ▱㤶 1࣭ᶓᒣ┿ᘪ 1,2
せ Ⅼ࣭ ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢዷፎ⋡ࢆ⟬ฟࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ዷፎᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀࡟╔┠ࡋࠊ2004 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 2013 ᖺ࡟཰㞟ࡋࡓᤕ⋓ಶయࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢุูྍྰ࡜᭷⏝ᛶࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ࣭ ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ࡛ࡣཷ⫾࣭ฟ⏘᫬ᮇࡢࡤࡽࡘࡁࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡓࡵࠊ⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆࡢࡳ࡛ࡣዷፎ⋡ࢆ㐣ᑠ⟬ฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ࣭ ዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡣࠊࡑࡢ⏤᮶࠾ࡼࡧ᪂ᪧࡢุูࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾࠊ☜ᐇ࡟☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿᮇ㛫ࡀἪங☜ㄆࡼࡾࡶ㛗࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ฟ⏘ᚋಶయࡢᢕᥱ࡟᭷ຠ࡞ᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࣭ ዷፎ⋡ࡣࠊ4㹼11 ᭶࡟⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆ࡟ࡼࡿዷፎಶయࡢ᳨ฟ࡜ዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ TypeϨ☜ㄆ࡟ࡼࡿฟ⏘ᚋಶయࡢ᳨ฟࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡼࡾṇ☜࡞ዷፎ⋡ࢆ⟬ฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ

Key words 㸸ዷፎ⋡ࠊዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࠊ⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆࠊཷ⫾࣭ฟ⏘᫬ᮇࡢኚ␗ᖜࠊᤕ⋓ಶయศᯒ㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
ື≀ࡢዷፎ⋡ࡣࠊಶయᩘࡢቑῶ࡟┤᥋ⓗ࡟㛵ࢃࡿࡓࡵࠊಶయ⩌ືែࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡢᇶ┙᝟ሗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Bailey 1984; Read 1990; Fonseca et al. 2004㸧ࠋࡲࡓዷፎ⋡ࡣࠊಶయ⩌ࡢᰤ㣴≧ែ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ኚືࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ⏕ᜥ⎔ቃࡢ㉁ⓗຎ໬ࡢᙳ㡪࡞࡝ࡑࡢ⩌ࢀࡢ೺඲ᛶࢆホ౯ࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡶ㔜せ࡞ᣦᶆ࡜࡞ࡿ㸦Matschke 1964; Kaji 1988㸧ࠋ㔝⏕ື≀࡛ࡣࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࡟஺ᑿࡸฟ⏘ࡢ┤᥋☜ㄆࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡓࡵࠊዷፎ⋡ࡣࠊ⦾Ṫ᫬ᮇ࡟ᤕ⋓ࡉࢀࡓ㞤ࡢ⫾Ꮚ᭷↓ࡢ☜ㄆ࡟࡚⟬ฟࡉࢀࡿ㸦Ahmad et al. 1995; Gethöffer et al. 2007; Herrero et al.
2008㸧ࠋ෤╀࡞࡝Ꮨ⠇ⓗ࡞⾜ື࡟ࡼࡾዷፎಶయࡢᶆᮏࡀᚓ࡟ࡃ࠸ሙྜࠊ⫾┙⑞ࡸἪஙࡢ᭷↓ࡢ☜ㄆࡀ௦⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Tsubota et al. 1990; Asano et al. 2003㸧ࠋࡲࡓ㠀౵くⓗ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊ⾑୰ࠊ⣅୰ࠊᒀ୰ࡢ࣍ࣝࣔࣥືែࡢ☜ㄆ࡞࡝ࡶ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
㸦Macchi et al. 2010㸧ࠋ ᅜෆ࡟⏕ᜥࡍࡿ኱ᆺ᭷㋟㢮ࡢ୰࡛ࠊࢽ࣍ࣥࢪ࢝㸦Cervus nippon㸧ࡸࢽ࣍ࣥ࢝ࣔࢩ࢝
㸦Capricornis crispus㸧࡛ࡣࠊ20 ᖺ௨ୖ๓࡟ዷፎ⋡ࡀ⟬ฟࡉࢀࠊ⌧ᅾࡶࡑࡢືែᢕᥱ

රᗜ┴᳃ᯘື≀◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࣭ රᗜ┴❧኱Ꮫ⮬↛࣭⎔ቃ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-6

ࡸᆅᇦẚ㍑ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Kita et al. 1987; Koizumi et al. 2009㸧ࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࢽ࣍ࣥ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ㸦Sus scrofa leucomystax㸹௨ୗ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ࡜⾲グ㸧ࡢዷፎ⋡ࡣࠊሗ࿌ࡀᴟࡵ࡚ᑡ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓಙ㢗ᛶࡢ㧗࠸್࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡢ᳨ドࡶ༑ศ࡛࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢዷፎ⋡ࡣࠊಶయᩘࡢ᥎ᐃ࡟ࡶά⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ⏕ᜥ⎔ቃࡢኚ໬ࡢᙳ㡪ࠊ࢖ࣀࣈࢱ࡜ࡢ஺㞧࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪࡞࡝ࡢ᳨ウࡶ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡿࠋዷፎ⋡ࡢ⟬ฟࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸➨୍ࡢཎᅉࡣࠊ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ≉᭷ࡢ⊁⊟ᙧែ࡟ࡼࡾࠊዷፎಶయࡀᚓ࡟ࡃ࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡿ㸦Tsuji et al. 2013㸧ࠋ㣗⫗㈨※࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ౯್ࡀᴟࡵ࡚㧗࠸࢖ࣀࢩࢩ࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢᤕ⋓ᩘࡣ㈨※ⓗ౯್ࡢ㧗ࡲࡿ 11㹼12 ᭶࡟ᛴቑࡋࠊ౯್ࡀୗࡀࡿ 1 ᭶௨㝆࡟⃭ῶࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆࡶࡘࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ᭱ࡶᤕ⋓ᩘࡢከ࠸᫬ᮇ࡟ࡣዷፎಶయࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᤕ⋓ᩘࡢከ࠸᫬ᮇࡣࠊዷፎ☜ㄆࡀ୙ྍ⬟࡞᫬ᮇ࡜࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆ࡟ࡼࡿዷፎ⋡ࡢ⟬ฟ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࠊ⤫ィⓗศᯒ࡟㈨ࡍࡿ࡯࡝ࡢᶆᮏᩘࢆ☜ಖ࡛ࡁ࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ➨஧ࡢཎᅉࡣࠊ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢዷፎ⋡ࢆⓗ☜࡟⟬ฟࡍࡿ᪉ἲࡀᩚ⌮ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㏆ᖺࠊ⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆ࡟࡚⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢዷፎ⋡ࡀ 32%㸦ጜᓮ࣭ᆏᗞ 2010㸧࡜ࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢሗ࿌㸦63㹼100%㸧㸦Fonseca et al. 2004;
Gethöffer et al. 2007; Fonseca et al. 2011㸧࡟ẚ࡭࡚ⴭࡋࡃప࠸⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚑ᮶ࡢ⟬ฟ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿ⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆ࡛ࡣࠊዷፎ⋡ࢆⓗ☜࡟⟬ฟ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ᥎ࡉࢀࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢ≉ᛶ࡟࠶ࡗࡓ⊂⮬ࡢዷፎ⋡⟬ฟ᪉ἲࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ ୖグࡢၥ㢟ࡢゎỴ࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊዷፎಶయࢆ⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆ࡟᳨࡚ฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ຍ࠼ࠊฟ⏘ᚋಶయࢆ㐣ཤࡢዷፎࡢ᭷↓ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜᳨࡛ฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ዷፎ⋡⟬ฟᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀࡟╔┠ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊዷፎ⥔ᣢ࡟ᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓዷፎ㯤యࡀࠊฟ⏘ᚋ༸ᕢෆ࡟ᇙἐࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦㧗ᶫ࡯࠿ 1999㸧ࠋฟ⏘ᚋࡶ୍ᐃࡢᮇ㛫ṧᏑࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡢ᭷↓ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊฟ⏘ᚋࡢಶయࡸᤵஙࢆ⤊࠼ࡓಶయ࡛ࡶ㐣ཤࡢዷፎṔࢆᢕᥱ࡛ࡁࡿ 㸦Yamashita 1962; Kita et al. 1995㸧ࠋࡲࡓዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡣࠊ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝඲࡚ࡢ့ங㢮ື≀࡛సࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊ⫾┙⑞ࡀṧࡽ࡞࠸✀࡟ࡶ㐺⏝ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅜෆ࡛ࡣࢽ࣍ࣥࢪ࢝ࡸࢽ࣍ࣥ࢝ࣔࢩ࢝㸦Sugimura et al. 1984; Kita et al.
1995㸧ࠊᾏእ࡛ࡣ᭷㋟㢮ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㪒㢮㸦Born 1982㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊዷፎᒚṔࡀᢕᥱࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࢆᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚ዷፎṔࢆุᐃࡋࡓሗ࿌ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ௨ୖࡢ⫼ᬒࡼࡾࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢዷፎ⋡ࢆ㐺ษ࡟⟬ฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⫾Ꮚ࠾ࡼࡧዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࢆే⏝ࡍࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞ዷፎ⋡⟬ฟ᪉ἲࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋࡲࡎࠊዷፎ⋡ࡢ⟬ฟ࡟㐺ษ࡞᫬ᮇࡢᢕᥱࠊḟ࡟ዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡢุูࡢྍྰࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊዷ
ፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊྠࡌࡃฟ⏘ᚋಶయࡢᣦᶆ࡜࡞ࡿἪங࡜ࡢẚ㍑
ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ

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රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-6ᮦᩱ࡜᪉ἲ
ᮦᩱ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ㐺ษ࡞ዷፎ⋡⟬ฟ᪉ἲࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᛶᡂ⇍࡟㐩ࡋࡓ⦾Ṫྍ⬟ಶయࢆศᯒࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋරᗜ┴ࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡣࠊ1 ṓࡢ 12 ᭶௨㝆࡟ᛶᡂ⇍࡟㐩ࡍࡿ㸦㎷ 2013㸧ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ⦾Ṫྍ⬟ಶయ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ12㹼4 ᭶࡟ᤕ⋓ࡉ
ࢀࡓ 1 ṓ࡜ᖺ㛫㏻ࡌ࡚ᤕ⋓ࡉࢀࡓ 2 ṓ௨ୖࡢ࣓ࢫࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࠋ2004 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 2011 ᖺ࡟⊁⊟࠾ࡼࡧ᭷ᐖᤕ⋓࡟࡚ᤕ⋓ࡉࢀࡓ⦾Ṫྍ⬟ಶయ 142 㢌ࢆゎ๗ࡋࠊ༸ᕢ࡜⬇࠾ࡼࡧ⫾Ꮚࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓࠋዷፎ⋡⟬ฟᣦᶆࡢほᐹᚑ᮶ࡢᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡿ⬇࠾ࡼࡧ⫾Ꮚࡢ᭷↓ࡣࠊ⫗║ほᐹ࡟࡚⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓሙྜࡣࠕ⫾Ꮚ+ࠖࠊ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓሙྜࡣࠕ⫾Ꮚ㸫ࠖ࡜༊ูࡋࡓࠋዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡣ⤌⧊ほᐹ࡟ࡼࡾุูࡋࡓࠋ⤌⧊ᶆᮏࡢస〇ᡭ㡰࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡎ༸ᕢࢆ
10%࣐࣍ࣝࣜࣥᾮ࡛ᅛᐃᚋࠊ⣙ 4mm 㛫㝸࡟ࢫࣛ࢖ࢫࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢᶆᮏࢆ⬺Ỉ㏱ᚭᚋࣃࣛ
ࣇ࢕ࣥໟᇙࡋࠊ100ȣm 㛫㝸࡛ཌࡉ 4ȣm ࡟ⷧษࡋࡓࠋⷧษࡋࡓ⤌⧊ษ∦࡟ࡣࠊ࡬࣐ࢺ࢟ࢩ࣭࢚ࣜࣥ࢜ࢪࣥᰁⰍࠊᙎᛶ⥺⥔ࢆᰁࡵศࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢ࢚ࣛࢫࢳ࣭࢝࣡ࣥࢠ̿ࢯࣥᰁⰍࠊ⭺ཎ⥺⥔ࢆᰁࡵศࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢ࣐ࢵࢯ࣭ࣥࢺࣜࢡ࣮࣒ࣟᰁⰍࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋḟ࡟ዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡢุู࡟ࡣࠊ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢள✀ࡢ୍ࡘࡢࣈࢱ㸦 Sus scrofa domesticus 㸧ࡢ༸ᕢᡤぢ㸦Yamashita 1959; Yamashita 1960a; Yamashita 1960b; Yamashita 1962㸧ࢆᇶ‽࡜ࡋࡓࠋࣈࢱ࡛ࡣࠊዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡣ㏥⾜ẁ㝵࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ TypeϨ࠿ࡽϫࡲ࡛ 4 ༊ศࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ᭱㛗ṧᏑᮇ㛫ࡣ 3 ᖺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ୰࡛᭱ึࡢ㏥⾜ẁ㝵 TypeϨࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊฟ⏘ᚋ⣙ 1 ᖺ㛫࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡼࡾᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ㐣ཤ 1 ᖺ௨ෆࡢ⦾Ṫ᫬ᮇ࡟ዷፎࡋࡓ࠿࡝
࠺࠿ࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ TypeϨࡢ᭷↓ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࠊࡑࡢ᭷↓࡟࡚ࠕ㏥⦰≀+ࠖࠊ
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ẚ㍑ᣦᶆ࡜ࡋࡓἪஙࡢ᭷↓ࡣಶయࡢᤕ⋓⌧ሙ࡟࡚㝶᫬⾜࠸ࠊࡑࡢ☜ㄆྍྰ࡟࡚ࠕἪங
+ࠖࠊࠕἪங㸫ࠖ࡜༊ูࡋࡓࠋ
ዷፎ⋡⟬ฟྍ⬟᫬ᮇࡢᢕᥱዷፎ⋡ࢆⓗ☜࡟⟬ฟ࡛ࡁࡿ᫬ᮇࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࡲࡎࠊዷፎಶయ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ⫾Ꮚࡢయ㔜࠿ࡽ⫾㱋ࢆ᥎ᐃࡋࠊཷ⫾᫬ᮇ࡜ฟ⏘᫬ᮇࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓࠋ⫾㱋᥎ᐃ࡟ࡣࠊ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢள✀ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ Iberian wild boar㸦Sus scrofa baeticus㸧ࡢ㣫⫱ಶయ࠿ࡽసᡂࡉࢀࡓ᥎ᐃᘧࢆᘬ⏝ࡋࡓ㸦Vericad 1983㸧ࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊዷፎᮇ㛫࡜ฟ⏕య㔜ࢆ᪥ᮏࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢ್࡜ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟᥎ᐃᘧࢆᨵኚࡋࡓࠋᘧࡢኚ᥮࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࠊዷፎᮇ㛫ࡣ᪥ᮏࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢ㣫⫱ಶయࡢሗ࿌㸦වග࡯࠿ 1988㸧ࡼࡾ 117.1s0.85 ᪥㸦N=7㸧ࠊฟ⏕య㔜ࡣ 804g㸦Tsujiet. al 2013㸧࡜ࡋࡓࠋ රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-6

Iberian wild boar ࡢ⫾㱋᥎ᐃᘧ㸸T㸻Ps1/3㸭0.097+24.1ᮏ◊✲࡛⏝࠸ࡓ⫾㱋᥎ᐃᘧ㸸T㸻Ps1/3㸭0.097+21.1379
T ࡀ୍⭡ෆࡢᖹᆒ⫾㱋ࠊPs ࡀ୍⭡ෆࡢᖹᆒ⫾Ꮚయ㔜ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ⫾㱋᥎ᐃ࡟࡚⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓཷ⫾᫬ᮇ࡜ฟ⏘᫬ᮇࢆࡶ࡜࡟ࠊ᭱ࡶ᪩࠸ཷ⫾᭶㹼᭱ࡶ㐜࠸ฟ⏘᭶ࢆዷፎᮇࠊࡑࢀ௨እࡢ᭶ࢆ㠀ዷፎᮇ࡜༊ูࡋࡓࠋḟ࡟༸ᕢ୰ࡢ㯤యࡢ᭷↓ࢆ⫗║ほᐹ࡟࡚☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋ㯤యࡣࠊ௚ࡢື≀࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⬇ࡀ⫗║࡛☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ዷፎึᮇ࡟࠾ࡅࡿዷፎᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Born 1982;
Gethöffer et al. 2007㸧ࠋࡇࡢ㝿ࠊ஺ᑿ᤼༸࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ື≀࡛ࡣࠊዷፎ㯤య࡜Ⓨ᝟㯤యࡢุูࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿ㸦Mansell 1971; Kita et al. 1994㸧ࠋዷፎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿಶయࡣዷፎ㯤యࢆಖ᭷ࡍࡿࡀࠊዷፎࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࡎⓎ᝟ࡢࡳࡢಶయࡣⓎ᝟㯤యࢆಖ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡇ
ࢀࡽࢆุูࡋ࡞࠸ሙྜࠊⓎ᝟ಶయࡶࠕዷፎ࠶ࡾࠖ࡜ุᐃࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࠊዷፎ⋡ࢆ㐣኱⟬ฟࡍࡿࠋ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ࡛ࡣࠊ⌧᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢุูࡀ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾࠊ͆⬇ࡣ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀ㯤యࢆಖ᭷ࡍࡿ͇࡜࠸࠺࣓ࢫࡢዷፎุᐃࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸦Tsuji et al. 2013㸧ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ዷፎุᐃࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ಶయࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ᫬ᮇࡣࠊዷፎ⋡⟬ฟ࡟୙㐺ษ࡞ᮇ㛫࡜ࡋ࡚㝖እࡋࡓࠋዷፎ⋡⟬ฟዷፎ⋡⟬ฟ࡟୙㐺ษ࡞ᮇ㛫ࢆ㝖እࡋࡓᚋࠊዷፎᮇ࡜㠀ዷፎᮇࡢዷፎ⋡ࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓࠋዷፎ⋡⟬ฟ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆࡢࡳࡢ᪉ἲ㸦ጜᓮ࣭ᆏᗞ 2010㸧࡜ᮏ◊✲࡛᪂ࡓ࡟᳨ウࡍࡿ⫾Ꮚ࡜㯤య㏥⦰≀ࠊ⫾Ꮚ࡜Ἢஙࡢ☜ㄆࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓ᪉ἲࢆ⏝࠸ࠊ⟬ฟ᪉ἲࡢ㐺ṇ࡜ྛᣦᶆࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࢆホ౯ࡋࡓࠋ⤫ィฎ⌮ཷ⫾࡜ฟ⏘᫬ᮇࡢእࢀ್ࡢ᳨ฟ࡟ࡣࠊSmirnov-Grubbs ᳨ᐃࢆ⏝࠸ࠊ༴㝤⋡ࡣ 0.01%
࡜ࡋࡓࠋ⤖ᯝዷፎ⋡⟬ฟ࡟㐺ࡋࡓ᫬ᮇ
ཷ⫾᫬ᮇࡣ 12 ᭶ୖ᪪࠿ࡽ 3 ᭶୰᪪ࡢᮇ㛫࡟࠶ࡾ 1 ᭶ୗ᪪ࢆࣆ࣮ࢡ࡜ࡋࠊ1 ౛ࡢࡳ 5᭶ୖ᪪࡜⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓࠋฟ⏘᫬ᮇࡣ 4 ᭶ୖ᪪࠿ࡽ 7 ᭶୰᪪ࡢᮇ㛫࡟࠶ࡾ 6 ᭶ୖ᪪ࢆࣆ࣮
ࢡ࡜ࡋࠊ1 ౛ࡢࡳ 9 ᭶୰᪪࡜⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓࠋ 5 ᭶୰᪪࡟ཷ⫾ࡋࠊ9 ᭶୰᪪࡟ฟ⏘ࡍࡿ࡜᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡓ 1 ౛ࡣࠊ እࢀ್࡜ࡋุ࡚ᐃࡉࢀࡓ㸦p < 0.01㸧ࠋරᗜ┴ࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩಶయ⩌ࡢ⦾Ṫࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࡣ 12 ᭶࠿ࡽ⩣ᖺࡢ 11 ᭶ࢆ 1 ࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ࡜ࡋࠊዷፎᮇࡣ 12㹼7 ᭶ࠊ㠀ዷፎᮇࡣ 8㹼11 ᭶࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ㸯㸧ࠋ රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-6

ᅗ ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢཷ⫾᫬ᮇ࡜ฟ⏘᫬ᮇ⬇ࡸ⫾Ꮚࠊ㯤యࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ᫬ᮇ࡟ࡣᏘ⠇ᛶࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ㯤యಖ᭷ಶయࡣ 12 ᭶࠿ࡽ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋ 12㹼3 ᭶࡟ࡣࠊ㯤యࢆಖ᭷ࡍࡿࡀࠊ⬇ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸦⫾Ꮚ㸫㺃㯤య+㸧ࠊࡘࡲࡾⓎ᝟୰ࡶࡋࡃࡣዷፎึᮇࡢ࣓ࢫࡀ 21 㢌☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ2㹼6 ᭶࡜ 8 ᭶࡟ࡣࠊ㯤య࡜⬇ࡸ⫾Ꮚࢆಖ᭷ࡋࡓዷፎ࣓ࢫ㸦⫾Ꮚ+㺃㯤య+㸧ࡀ 38 㢌☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ12㹼3 ᭶࡜ 5
㹼11 ᭶࡟ࡣࠊ㯤యࡶ⬇ࡸ⫾Ꮚࡶ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࣓ࢫ㸦⫾Ꮚ㸫㺃㯤య㸫㸧ࡀィ 83 㢌☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ12 ᭶࠿ࡽ⩣ᖺࡢ 11 ᭶ࡢ୍⦾Ṫࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ୰࡛ࠊ12㹼3 ᭶ࡣዷፎุᐃࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞
࠸ಶయࡀᏑᅾࡋࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊዷፎ⋡⟬ฟ࡟୙㐺ษ࡞ᮇ㛫࡜ุ᩿ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸰㸧ࠋᅗ ⫾Ꮚ࡜㯤యࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ᫬ᮇ රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-6ዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡢุูࡢྍྰ
༸ᕢࡢ⤌⧊ほᐹ࡟࡚ࠊࣈࢱࡢሗ࿌࡜ྠᵝࡢ⤌⧊ᡤぢ࡜࡞ࡿዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓࠋ1 ࡘࡢ༸ᕢ࠿ࡽᵝࠎ࡞ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓಶయࡶ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ1 ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢࡳ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓಶయࡶᏑᅾࡋࡓࠋ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ㏥⦰≀ࡢෆ㒊࡟
㏥⾜㯤య⣽⬊ࡀᏑᅾࡋࠊ㏥⦰≀࿘ᅖࡸ⾑⟶ቨ࡟ᙎᛶ⥺⥔ࡢ㞟✚ࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࢆ
Type Ϩ࡜ุ᩿ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸱. A ࡜ B㸧ࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㏥⾜㯤య⣽⬊ࡀᾘኻࡋࠊ㏥⦰≀ෆࡢᅗ ዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡢุู $ ࡜ % ࡣࠊዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ 7\SHϨࠊ& ࡜ ' ࡣ 7\SHϨࡼࡾࡶྂ࠸ዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࠊ( ࡜ ) ࡣⓎ᝟㯤యࡢ㏥⦰≀ࡢ⤌⧊ീࠋ$㹼' ࡢዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀࠿ࡽࡣࠊ⾑⟶ቨࡸࡑࡢ࿘ᅖ࡟ᙎᛶ⥺⥔ࡢ㞟✚ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸦▮༳㸧ࠋዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ 7\SHϨ࡟ࡣ㏥⾜ࡋࡓ㯤య⣽⬊ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸦▮㢌㸧ࠋ࢚ࣛࢫࢳ࣭࣮࢝࣡ࣥࢠࣥࢯࣥᰁⰍࠋ6FDOHEDU ȣP $&( ࠊȣP %') ࠋ රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-6⾑⟶ࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡸᩘࡀቑຍࡋࡓࡶࡢࡣࠊTypeϩ௨㝆ࡢዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡔ࡜ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ
㸱. C ࡜ D㸧ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ᙎᛶ⥺⥔ࡢ㞟✚ࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡎࠊ㏥⦰≀ෆࡀࣄ࢔ࣜࣥ≀㉁࡛༨ࡵࡽࢀ
࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡣࠊⓎ᝟㯤య㏥⦰≀࡜ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ㸱. E ࡜ F㸧ࠋ௨ୖࡼࡾ㯤య㏥⦰≀ TypeϨࡢ㆑ูࡣྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓ.
Ἢங࡜ዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࡢẚ㍑
ฟ⏘ᚋࡢಶయࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ TypeϨ࡜Ἢஙࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࡢẚ㍑
ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸦⾲ 1㸧
ࠋ4㹼11 ᭶࡟⬇ࡸ⫾Ꮚࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࣓ࢫ 45 㢌୰ࠊዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰
≀ TypeϨࡣ 5㹼11 ᭶࡟ 40 㢌࠿ࡽ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚Ἢஙࡣ 5㹼9 ᭶࡜ 11 ᭶࡟15 㢌࠿ࡽ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ୧ᣦᶆࡣ 5㹼6 ᭶ࡣྠᩘࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊ7 ᭶௨㝆ࡣἪஙࡢ☜ㄆᩘࡀῶᑡࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓἪஙࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࡍ࡭࡚ࡢಶయ࠿ࡽ㯤య㏥⦰≀ typeϨࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ௨ୖࡼࡾࠊฟ⏘ᚋࡢಶయࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ TypeϨࡢ᪉ࡀἪஙࡼࡾࡶ☜ㄆྍ⬟ᮇ㛫ࡀ㛗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ⾲ 㯤య㏥⦰≀࡜Ἢஙࡢ☜ㄆᩘࡢẚ㍑
 ᭶

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㏥⦰≀



 

Ἢங␗࡞ࡿᣦᶆࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡟࡚⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓዷፎ⋡ࡢẚ㍑
 ዷፎ⋡ࡢ⟬ฟࡣࠊዷፎᮇ㸦4㹼7 ᭶㸧࡜㠀ዷፎᮇ㸦8㹼11 ᭶㸧ࡢᶆᮏࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ᪉ἲ
࡛♧ࡋࡓ 3 ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢᣦᶆࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡎ⫾Ꮚ࡜ዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ TypeϨ☜ㄆࡢే⏝࡟ࡼࡿዷፎ⋡ࡣࠊዷፎᮇࡀ 93.94㸣ࠊ㠀ዷፎᮇࡀ 90.91㸣࡜࡞ࡾࠊ඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ 92.42㸣࡜⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓ㸦⾲㸰. 㹟㸧ࠋḟ࡟⫾Ꮚ☜
ㄆࡢࡳ࡛ࡣࠊዷፎᮇࡀ 60.61㸣ࠊ㠀ዷፎᮇࡀ 3.03㸣࡜࡞ࡾࠊ඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ 31.82㸣࡜⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓ㸦⾲㸰. 㹠㸧ࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟⫾Ꮚ࡜Ἢங☜ㄆࡢే⏝࡛ࡣࠊዷፎᮇࡀ 87.88㸣ࠊ㠀ዷፎᮇࡀ21.21㸣࡜࡞ࡾࠊ඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ54.55%࡜⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓ㸦⾲㸰. 㹡㸧ࠋ௨ୖࡼࡾࠊዷፎᮇ࡜㠀ዷፎᮇ࡟ฟ⏘ᚋಶయࢆぢ㏨ࡋ࡞ࡃ᳨ฟࡋࡓ⫾Ꮚ࡜ዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ TypeϨࡢే⏝࡟ࡼࡿዷፎ⋡ࡀ᭱ࡶ㧗ࡃ⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓࠋ⪃ᐹዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡢุู࡜ࡑࡢ᭷⏝ᛶ ᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢ༸ᕢࡢ⤌⧊ほᐹࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡢุูࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸱㸧ࠋ୺࡞ุู࣏࢖ࣥࢺࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜ࠊ㐣ཤ 1 ᖺ௨ෆ࡟ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀㸦TypeϨ㸧࡜ࡑࢀࡼࡾࡶ๓࡟ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓྂ࠸ዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀㸦Typeϩ㹼ϫ㸧ࡢ᪂ᪧุᐃ࡟ࡣࠊ⤌⧊ษ∦࡟࢚ࣛࢫࢳ࣭࢝࣡ࣥࢠ࣮ࢯࣥᰁⰍ᪋ࡋࠊኚᛶ㯤య⣽⬊ࡸᙎᛶ⥺⥔ࡢ㞟✚ࡢ᭷↓ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿᡭἲࡀ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋⓎ᝟㯤య㏥⦰≀࡜ රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-6⾲ ྛዷፎᣦᶆ࡜ࡑࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓዷፎ⋡㸦㹟㸧⫾Ꮚ࡜㏥⦰≀ࢆᣦᶆ࡜ࡋࡓሙྜ⫾ᏊѸ⫾ᏊѸዷፎ⋡㏥⦰≀㏥⦰≀Ѹ㸦㸧1⫾Ꮚ ᭶㸦ዷፎᮇ㸧 ᭶㸦㠀ዷፎᮇ㸧ྜィ㸦㹠㸧⫾Ꮚࡢࡳࢆᣦᶆ࡜ࡋࡓሙྜዷፎ⋡1⫾Ꮚ⫾ᏊѸ ᭶㸦ዷፎᮇ㸧 ᭶㸦㠀ዷፎᮇ㸧ྜィ⫾ᏊѸ⫾ᏊѸዷፎ⋡ἪஙἪங㸦㸧㸦㸧㸦㹡㸧⫾Ꮚ࡜Ἢஙࢆᣦᶆ࡜ࡋࡓሙྜ1⫾Ꮚ ᭶㸦ዷፎᮇ㸧 ᭶㸦㠀ዷፎᮇ㸧ྜィࡢุู࡟ࡣࠊ࣐ࢵࢯ࣭ࣥࢺࣜࢡ࣮࣒ࣟᰁⰍ࡟࡚ࠊࣄ࢔ࣜࣥ≀㉁ࡢ᭷↓ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋḟ࡟ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ TypeϨࡀዷፎ⋡ࡢ⟬ฟᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚᭷⏝࡛࠶ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊἪங☜ㄆ㸦Fonseca et al. 2004㸧࡜ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋ୧⪅ࡢ☜ㄆᩘࡢ㐪࠸ࡣ 7㹼11 ᭶࡟ㄆࡵࡽࢀࠊἪங☜ㄆࡢ᪉ࡀᑡ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸦⾲㸯㸧ࠋ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢᤵஙᮇ㛫ࡣ⣙ 3 ࠿᭶㛫࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸦Ụཱྀ 2003㸧ࠊරᗜ┴ࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ࡛ࡣࠊ7 ᭶௨㝆࡟ࡣᤵஙࢆ⤊࠼ࡓಶయࡀᏑᅾࡋࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ7 ᭶௨㝆ࡶἪங☜ㄆࢆࡶࡗ࡚ዷፎ⋡ࢆ⟬ฟࡍࡿ࡜ࠊฟ⏘ᚋಶయࡢぢⴠ࡜ࡋࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࠊዷፎ⋡ࢆ㐣ᑠ⟬ฟࡍࡿ࡜ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ㸦⾲㸰㹡㸧ࠋ㐣ᑡ⟬ฟࢆ㑊ࡅࡿ࡟ࡣࠊዷፎ⋡⟬ฟࡢᮇ㛫ࢆἪங☜ㄆࡀ☜ᐇ࡟⾜࠼ࡿ 4㹼6᭶࡟㝈ᐃࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ▷ᮇ㛫࡛༑ศ࡞ᶆᮏᩘࢆ㞟ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ
ࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ TypeϨࡣࠊ5㹼11 ᭶ࡢᮇ㛫࡟⫾Ꮚࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ
ಶయࡢ 92.1%࠿ࡽ☜ㄆࡉࢀࠊ11 ᭶ࡲ࡛ࡑࡢᩘࡣῶᑡࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸦⾲㸯㸧ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ዷፎ㯤
య㏥⦰≀ TypeϨࡣࠊἪஙಶయࡢࡍ࡭࡚࠿ࡽ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡼࡾࠊἪங☜ㄆࡼࡾ⢭ᗘࡢ㧗࠸ᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ௚ࡢື≀࡛ࡣࠊฟ⏘ᚋಶయࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⫾┙⑞ࡀ฼⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Tsubota රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-6

et al. 1990; Mowat & Slough 1996㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ⛉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊẕయ࡜⫾Ꮚࡢ⤖ྜᛶࡀప࠸ୖ⓶⤧ẟᛶ⫾┙࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡟⫾┙⑞ࡣṧࡽ࡞࠸㸦Friess et al. 1980㸧ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ࡛ࡣࠊ⫾┙⑞ࢆฟ⏘ᚋಶయࡢᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ௨ୖࡼࡾࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊぢⴠ࡜ࡋ࡞ࡃฟ⏘ᚋಶయࢆ㛗ᮇ㛫᳨ฟ࡛ࡁࡿዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀TypeϨࡀࠊ⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆࢆ⿵࠺ዷፎ⋡⟬ฟᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚᭷⏝ᛶࡀ㧗࠸࡜ุ᩿ࡋࡓࠋዷፎ㯤య
㏥⦰≀ TypeϨࡢ☜ㄆ࡟ࡣࠊ㈝ࡸࡍ᫬㛫࡜ᢏ⾡ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊᶆᮏ཰㞟ࡢᅔ㞴ࡉࡀ኱ࡁ࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࡛ࡁࡿ㝈ࡾ㛗ᮇ㛫☜ㄆྍ⬟࡞ᣦᶆࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊࡼࡾከࡃࡢᤕ⋓ಶయࢆά⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᭱ࡶඃඛᗘࡀ㧗࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵዷፎᮇ௨እࡢᶆᮏ࠿ࡽ☜ᐇ࡟ุᐃྍ⬟࡞㯤య㏥⦰≀ࢆᰝᐃࡍࡿᡭἲࢆ᥇⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣຠ⋡ࡀⰋ࠸࡜ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡿࠋዷፎ⋡⟬ฟ࡟㐺ࡋࡓ᫬ᮇ රᗜ┴ࡢ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢཷ⫾࣭ฟ⏘᫬ᮇ࡟ࡣࠊዷፎᮇ㛫࡜࡯ࡰྠࡌ⣙ 4 ࠿᭶ࡢኚ␗ᖜࡀ࠶
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ㸯㸧ࠋࡇࡢཷ⫾࣭ฟ⏘᫬ᮇࡢኚ␗ᖜࢆᅗ♧ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸲ୖ㸧ࠋ
ᅗࡢ㏻ࡾࠊኚ␗ᖜࡀ 4 ࠿᭶࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ12 ᭶࡟ཷ⫾ࡋ࡚ 4 ᭶࡟ฟ⏘ࡍࡿಶయࡀ
࠸ࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊ3 ᭶࡟ཷ⫾ࡋ 7 ᭶࡟ฟ⏘ࡍࡿಶయࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ࢖
ࣀࢩࢩ⛉ࡣཷ⫾ᚋ⣙ 20 ᪥㛫㸦ᅗ㸲ࡢዷፎึᮇ㸧ࡣ⬇ࡀ⫗║࡛ࡣ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸኱ࡁࡉ࡛
࠶ࡿ㸦Perry & Rowlands 1962㸧ࡓࡵࠊ12㹼4 ᭶ࡲ࡛ࡣࠊ⬇ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ዷፎಶయࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ࡝ࡢ᫬ᮇࡶࠊ⫾Ꮚ᭷↓ࡀุᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ዷፎึᮇಶయࡸฟ⏘ᚋಶయࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᥎

ࡉࢀࡿࠋẚ㍑࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࢽ࣍ࣥࢪ࢝ࡢཷ⫾࣭ฟ⏘᫬ᮇࡢኚ␗ᖜࢆ Suzuki et al.㸦1996㸧ࡢሗ࿌ࢆඖ࡟ᅗ♧ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸲ୗ㸧ࠋࢽ࣍ࣥࢪ࢝࡟ࡶ
ኚ␗ᖜࡣ⣙ 3 ࠿᭶Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡀࠊዷፎᮇ㛫ࡀ⣙ 230 ᪥࡜㛗࠸ࡓࡵࠊ2㹼4 ᭶ࡢ 3 ࠿᭶㛫ࡣࠊ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢࡼ࠺࡞ぢⴠ࡜ࡋ࡞ࡃࠊ⫾Ꮚ᭷↓࡟࡚ዷፎุᐃࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୖࡢཷ⫾࣭ฟ⏘᫬ᮇࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࠊ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ࡛ࡣࠊዷፎᮇ㛫࡜࡯ࡰྠࡌ⣙ 4 ࠿᭶ࡢኚ␗ᖜࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺≉ᚩࡀཎᅉ࡛ࠊ⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆࡔࡅ࡛ࡣዷፎ⋡ࡀ㐣ᑠ⟬ฟࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋዷፎ⋡⟬ฟ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ4㹼11 ᭶࡟⫾Ꮚࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓዷፎಶయ࡜ዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ TypeϨࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓฟ⏘ᚋಶయࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ዷፎ⋡ࢆ⟬ฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ 㸦⾲㸰㹟㸧ࠋࡇࡢᡭἲࡣࠊ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢዷፎ⋡ࢆ⟬ฟࡍࡿ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡓ 2 ࡘࡢၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡋࡓࠋ୍ࡘ┠ࡢၥ㢟ࡣࠊ⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆࡢࡳ࡟ࡼࡿ⟬ฟ᪉ἲ࡛ࡣዷፎ⋡ࢆ㐣ᑠ⟬ฟࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㐣ཤ࡟၏୍ሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡓࢽ࣍ࣥ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢዷፎ⋡ 32㸣ࡣࠊᖺ㛫ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚
ᚓࡽࢀࡓಶయࡢ⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆࡢࡳ࡛⟬ฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦ጜᓮ࣭ᆏᗞ 2010㸧ࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡶྠࡌࡼ
࠺࡟⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆࡢࡳࡢሙྜࡢዷፎ⋡ࡣ 31.82㸣࡜పࡃ⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓ㸦⾲㸰㹠㸧ࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ
࡚⫾Ꮚ࡜ዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ TypeϨࡢ☜ㄆࡣ 92.42%࡜⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓ㸦⾲㸰㹟㸧ࠋࡇࡢ㐪࠸ࡣࠊ
ዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ࡢ☜ㄆࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊฟ⏘ᚋࡢಶయࢆ᳨ฟ࡛ࡁࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-6

㸦㎷  ࡼࡾ㸧

㸦6X]XNLHWDO ࡼࡾసᅗ㸧ᅗ ࢖ࣀࢩࢩ࡜ࢽ࣍ࣥࢪ࢝ࡢཷ⫾࣭ฟ⏘᫬ᮇࡢኚ␗ᖜࢆ♧ࡍᶍᘧᅗዷፎึᮇ㸦⃰࠸⅊Ⰽࡢ㒊ศ㸧࡛ࡣࠊ⬇ࡀ⫗║ほᐹ࡛ࡁࡿࡲ࡛ᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸᫬ᮇࠊዷፎ୰㹼ᚋᮇ㸦ⷧ࠸⅊Ⰽࡢ㒊ศ㸧ࡣ⬇ࡀ⫾Ꮚ࡟ᡂ㛗ࡋࠊ⫗║ほᐹࡀྍ⬟࡞᫬ᮇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡚ࠊ⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆࡢࡳ࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢᖺࡢ⦾Ṫᮇ࡟ዷፎࡋࡓࡀㄪᰝ᫬࡟ࡣ⫾Ꮚࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ዷፎึᮇಶయ࡜ฟ⏘ᚋಶయࢆぢ㏨ࡋࠊ࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢዷፎ⋡ࢆ㐣ᑠ⟬ฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋᮏ◊✲࡟࡚ࠊዷፎุᐃࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ᮇ㛫ࢆ㝖እࡋࠊ☜ᐇ࡟ุᐃࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ 4㹼11 ᭶࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⫾Ꮚ☜ㄆ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊዷፎ㯤య㏥⦰≀ TypeϨࡢ☜ㄆࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡼࡾṇ☜࡞ዷፎ⋡ࡀ⟬ฟ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ࡶ࠺୍Ⅼࡢၥ㢟ࡣࠊ⊁⊟ᅽࡢ㧗࠸᫬ᮇ࡜࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢዷፎᮇࡢࡎࢀ࡟ࡼࡾዷፎಶయࡀᚓ࡟ࡃࡃዷፎ⋡ࡀ⟬ฟ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞⟬ฟ᪉ἲ࡛ࡣࠊዷፎಶయ
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ࡓࠋ௨ୖࡼࡾࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ዷፎ⋡⟬ฟ᪉ἲࡣࠊᶆᮏ཰㞟ࡢ㞴ࡋࡉ࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡋࡓⅬ࡛ࠊỗ⏝ᛶࡀᴟࡵ࡚㧗࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ௨ୖࢆࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚࢖ࣀࢩࢩࡢዷፎ⋡ࡢ⟬ฟ࡟㐺ࡋࡓᮇ㛫࡜ᣦᶆࢆḟ࡟♧ࡍࠋ රᗜ࣡࢖ࣝࢻࣛ࢖ࣇࣔࣀࢢࣛࣇ 6-6

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