2006.11.17
第509回URSI-F資料
於: 東京工科大学

ＩＴＵ−Ｒ SG3における伝搬技術の標準化動向

内容
1. ITU-R SG3関連WP会合の概要
・2006年9月〜10月にかけて開催
2. 各WPの状況
・WP3J，K, Mにおける勧告修正、勧告作成への取組み例
・日本提案の審議結果

佐藤 明雄
東京工科大学
コンピュータサイエンス学部

3. 今後の取組みについて・動向と次回会合へ向けた対処について
1

2

会議の概要
◆期間：2006年9月28日〜10月10日
WP3J：9月28日〜10月6日
WP3K：9月29日〜10月6日
WP3L：10月3日〜10月6日
WP3M：9月28日〜10月6日
SG3：10月9日〜10月10日◆場所：ITU本部(ジュネーブ)◆参加者数：約75名(24ヶ国14機関、日本からは8名)◆寄与文書数：4つのWP会合とSG会合を合わせて191件(日本からは15件/そのうちの2件はWP3JとWP3Mの両方に入力したため，延べ件数では17件)◆出力文書数：92件(WP合計で)参加登録者数(人)3

寄与文書数(件)

WP3J

3K

3L

3M

SG3

3J

3K

3L

3M

SG3

73

71

44

72

52

44

41

18

49

39

7

7

4

6

6

7

7

1

2

0

日本
4

日本寄書リスト

日本からの寄与状況

No.

Doc.

Title

1

3M/144

Information related to Recommendation ITU-R P.530-11 -2

3M/145Contribution to ITU-R data banks - Statistics of rain attenuation and rain fade event duration

3

3L/76
Rev1

Revision to Recommendation ITU-R P.1147-3 - Prediction of sky-wave field strength at frequencies between about
150 and 1 700 kHz - Numerical method for predicting monthly median field strengths including daytime values atfrequencies between about 150 and 1 700 kHz

4

3K/114

Proposed revision to Recommendation ITU-R P.1410 - Experimental results on in-band amplitude dispersion ofbroadband spectrum under shadowing conditions caused by obstacles around a terminal antenna

5

3K/115

Proposed revision to the working document towards a revision of Recommendation ITU-R P.1411-3 - Path loss
prediction model for over-rooftop propagation environments

6

3K/116

Proposed revision to Recommendation ITU-R P.1411 - SHF propagation within street canyons

7

3K/117

Proposed revision to Recommendation ITU-R P.1238 - Angular spread model for indoor propagation

8

3K/118Proposed revision to Recommendation ITU-R P.1238-4 - Representation of parameters for modeled path loss function

9

3K/119Support document for a new method of predicting the delay profile for broadband land mobile services using UHF andSHF bands

10

3K/120Information document - The prediction of power arrival angular profile for land mobile services using the SHF bands

11

3J/126

Additional information for the working document towards a draft for a new Recommendation on rain dynamics –Parameters related to number of rain events and duration

12

3J/127

Proposed revision to working document towards a PDNR on effects of building materials and structures on radiowave
propagation above about 100 MHz - Uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD) for a wedge obstacle

13

3J/128

Measurement of vegetation attenuation in 26 GHz band

14

3J/129Proposed revision to Recommendation ITU-R P. 1407-2 - Multipath propagation and parameterization of its
characteristics

15

3J/130Contribution to ITU-R DATA BANKS - Long-term Ka/Ku-band slant path rain attenuation and rain rate statistics

16

3J/131

Information related to Recommendation ITU-R P.530-11 - Characteristics of millimetre wave rain fade duration(3M/144)17

3J/132Contribution to ITU-R data banks - Statistics of rain attenuation and rain fade event duration(53M/145)

Characteristics of millimetre wave rain fade duration(3J/131)(3J/132)

最近の会合における寄与文書数と出席者数の推移
年

WP/SG

寄与文書数*1

出席者数

日本

全体

日本

全体

開催地

1999

J,K,L,M/SG

4

72

3

67

Geneva

2000

K

5

17

2

30

Munich

J,K,L,M/SG

8

136

4

56

Geneva

TG3/2

1

10

1

24

Geneva

J,M

1

66

2

62

Budapest

K

7

32

1

30

York

2002

J,K,L,M/SG

12

118

2

64

Geneva2003

J,K,L,M

10

153

4

58

Fortaleza

2004

J,K,L,M/SG

13

147

7

70

Geneva2005

J,K,L,M

11

108

9

65

Cleveland

2006

J,K,L,M/SG

15

152

8

75

Geneva2001

SG3 の構成*1 SG会合は除く

6

WP3Jにおける主な審議結果

ＳＧ−３：電波伝搬
議長：D. G. Cole (豪) 副議長：D. V. Rogers（ｶﾅﾀﾞ）, B. Arbesser-Rastburg（ESA）, J. Wang(米国）ＷＰ Ｓｕｂ−ＷＧ
審議項目
議長
３Ｊ：基本伝搬
M. Pontes（ブラジル）
３Ｊ−1
晴天時大気の影響
L. Castanet（仏国）
３Ｊ−2
雲及び降水の影響
M. Pontes（ブラジル）
３Ｊ−3
雑音と地表波伝搬
L. Barclay（英国）
３Ｊ−4
マッピングと統計的側面
L. Castanet（仏国）
３Ｊ−5
植生と障害物の回折
A. Nyuli（ハンガリー）
３Ｋ：ポイント・エリア伝搬
R. Grosskopf（ドイツ）
３Ｋ１
サイトスペシフィックな推定法
A. Paul（米国）
３Ｋ２
ポイント・エリア伝搬
P. McKenna（米国）
３Ｋ３
屋内屋外短距離伝搬
A. Sato（日本）
３Ｋ４
ミリ波アクセスシステム伝搬
T. Tjelta (Telenor)
３Ｋ5
UWB
A. Kholod (スイス)
３Ｌ：電離圏伝搬
J. Wang（米国）
3L-1
電離圏および HF 伝搬
L. Barclay（英国）3L-2
PLT および 2MHz 以下の伝搬
A. Paul（米国）
3L-3
電離圏外伝搬B. Arbesser-Rastburg（ESA）
３Ｍ：ポイント・ポイント伝搬
C.Wilson（オーストラリア）
３Ｍ１
地上伝搬
T. Tjelta（Telenor）
３Ｍ２
衛星伝搬
F.Haidara（米国）
３Ｍ３
干渉伝搬
G. Feldhake（米国）
３Ｍ４
データバンク
B. Arbesser-Rastburg（ESA）

7件の勧告案を作成し，SG3会合で承認．
Doc.

タイトル

1

3/48

Draft revision to Recommendation ITU-R P.834-5 - Effects of tropospheric refraction onradiowave

承認

2

3/62

Draft revision of Recommendation ITU-R P.526-9 - Propagation by diffraction

承認

3

3/63

Draft revision of Recommendation ITU-R P.1321-1 - Propagation factors affecting
systems using digital modulation techniques at LF and MF

承認

4

3/64

Draft revision of Recommendation ITU-R P.368-8 - Ground-wave propagation curves forfrequencies between 10 kHz and 30 MHz

承認

5

3/65

Draft revision to Recommendation ITU-R P.833-5 - Attenuation in vegetation

承認

6

3/83

Draft revision of Recommendation ITU-R P.1407-2 – Multipath propagation andparameterization of its characteristics

承認

7

3/84

Draft revision of Recommendation ITU-R P.676-6 - Attenuation by atmospheric gases

承認

P.1407改訂には今回会合へ入力した日本寄与が反映されている．

7

8

Working Parties 3J and 3K
DRAFT REVISION OF RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P.1407-2
Multipath propagation and parameterization of its characteristics
SummaryThis revision to Recommendation ITU-R P.1407-2 includes additional information on multi-path
propagation characteristics and expands the section on the parameters of direction of arrival of
multi-path component.

3
Parameters of direction of arrival
3.1
Definitions
average arrival angle
r.m.s. angular spread
Distance (m)angular window
angle interval (or angular spacing)

FIGURE 4

Power

Distance (m)Averaging
Arrival angledB

FIGURE 3
Power delay profile indicating multipath
components above threshold level

Averaging

Instantaneous
power angular profile
Arrival angle
Short-term
power angular profile

θ3

•(a)

Total energy

P0 = ∫ P(θ ) d θθ0Long-term
power angular profile

θ3

•(b)

Average arrival angle

Add the following sentence to the end of § 2.1 Definitions.
“The number of multipath or signal components is the number of peaks in a power delay profile whose
amplitude are within A dB of the highest peak and above the noise floor.”

TA =Arrival angle

1
θ P(θ ) d θ
P0 θ∫
0

θ

(c) R.m.s. angular spread

SA =

1 3
(θ − TA )2 P(θ ) d θ
P0 θ∫

到来角度特性評価法に関する用
語，定義，導出式の明確化

0

9

10

WORKING DOCUMENT TOWARDS A PRELIMINARY DRAFT NEW RECOMMENDATION
Propagation data required for the design of free space optical links

新レポート案の作成
1. The analysis of radio noise data.
2. Measuring the input parameters for the radiative energy transfer model ofvegetation attenuation
新勧告案の作成
1. Propagation required for the design of Free Space Optical links
2. Prediction methods required for the design of Free Space Optical links
3. Models for conversion to 1-minute rain rate statistics from various integration time data
新勧告に向けた検討
1. Investigations on vegetation loss and comparisons with measurements to further extend
the applicability of models
2. Testing of methods for synthesis of time series of rain attenuation in slant paths andterrestrial links
3. It is expected that the results of studies currently in progress on radio noise will become
available in time for the next meeting

11

FIGURE 1
Transmittance of theatmosphere due tomolecular absorption

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Molecular scattering
Aerosol absorption
Aerosol scattering
Scintillation
Rain attenuation
Snow attenuation
Ambient light attenuation
Cumulative distribution of attenuation
Hybrid/FSO systems
Visibility measurement

12

FIGURE 11
Different RF and FSO attenuations
exceeded for different percentage of time
30

all

58GHz - allfog
15

rain + snowrain

A (dB)A (dB)

25

58GHz - rain
FSO - rain

20

FSO - all

snow

10

15
10

5
5
0

0
0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

% of timepercentage of time

TABLE 4
Availability ratio comparison of RF, FSO
and hypothetical RF/FSO hybrid systems

FIGURE 1
Principle of the timeseries synthesizer

SystemAR (%)FSO part (850 nm)

99.7

RF part (58 GHz)

99.999hybrid RF/FSO

99.9999•The long-term distribution of rain
attenuation is log-normal, characterizedby two parameters: respectively themean m and the standard deviation σ ofits napierian logarithm.
•Rain attenuation can be transformed
into a first order stationary GaussMarkov process using the non-linear
transformation: X. = ln Arain − m
σ13

WP3Kにおける主な審議結果

DRAFT REVISION OF RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P.1238-4
Propagation data and prediction methods for the planning of indoor radiocommunication
systems and radio local area networks in the frequency range 900 MHz to 100 GHz

3件の勧告案を作成し，2件をSG3会合で承認．

1

2

3

Doc.

タイトル

3/67

Draft revision of Recommendation ITU-R P.1238-4 - Propagation data and prediction
methods for the planning of indoor radiocommunication systems and radio local area
networks in the frequency range 900 MHz to 100 GHz

承認

Draft revision of Recommendation ITU-R P.1411-3 - Propagation data and prediction
methods for the planning of short-range outdoor radiocommunication systems andradio local area networks in the frequency range 300 MHz to 100 GHz

保留

Draft revision of Recommendation ITU-R P.1410-3 - Propagation data and prediction
methods required for the design of terrestrial broadband radio access systems
operating in a frequency range of about 3-60 GHz

承認

3/73

3/77

14
Calibration of synthetic time series with the assessed offset

9 Angular spread models
9.1 Cluster modelcluster 2
scattered waves

cluster 3
scattered waves

within a cluster, icluster 1cluster 3
cluster 2

FIGURE 2
Image of cluster model

σ3

⋅⋅
⋅

σ2
Θ2

cluster 1
scattered waves

reference angle

Arrival timecluster 1⋅⋅⋅cluster 3
cluster 2

Θ1 0

Rx array

Θ2

Θ3

•LOS


φ − Θi 1⋅ exp − 2
σi 
2σ i


φ

Arrival angle

9.2 Angular distribution of arrival waves from within i-th cluster
The probability density function of the angular distribution of arrival waves within a cluster isexpressed by:
Pi (φ − Θi ) =

15

Θ3

Θ1

σ1

Tx array

いずれの勧告案にも日本からの提案が多数盛り込まれている．
P.1238についてはMIMO対応のための到来角度特性に関する内容を追加．
P.1410についてはマイクロ波帯FWA伝搬特性に関する記述を追加．
P.1411についてはSHF帯ストリートキャニオン伝搬損失推定法と屋根越え伝搬特性推定法の適用領域拡張を目指したが，SG会合で更なる改善要望が出て今回は議長報告止まりとなった．

Θι : cluster arrival angle, iσι : standard deviation of angular spread
Arrival level (dB)20

WORKING DOCUMENT TOWARDS A PRELIMINARY DRAFT NEW RECOMMENDATIONFOR TROPOSPHERIC ATTENUATION TIME SERIES SYNTHESIS

Arrival level (dB)

FIGURE 10
Different attenuations exceeded for
different percentages of time

•NLOS

•Mean
[deg.]•Range[deg.]•Mean[deg.]•Range[deg.]

•Hall

•23.7

•21.8-25.6•–•–•Office•14.8•3.93-28.8

•54.0

•54

•Home

•21.4

•6.89-36•25.5•4.27-46.8•Corridor•5•5•14.7616•2-37

DRAFT REVISION OF RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P.1410-3
Propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of terrestrial broadband
millimetric radio access systems operating in a frequency range of about 203-560 GHz

A PRELIMINARY DRAFT NEW RECOMMENDATION ON
THE PREDICTION OF THE DELAY PROFILE FOR BROADBAND
LAND MOBILE SERVICES USING UHF AND SHF BANDS

1Introduction
There is a growing interest in delivery of broadband services through local access networks to individual households aswell as small business enterprises. Millimetricwave Rradio solutions are being increasingly considered as delivery
systems, and these are now available on the market. Several systems are being considered and introduced, such as local
multipoint distribution system (LMDS), local multipoint communications system (LMCS), and point-to-multipoint (PMP) system. Collectively, these systems may be termed broadband wireless access (BWA). International standards arebeing developed, for example WiMAX based on IEEE802.16 and HiperMAN.

The prediction of the delay profile for broadband land mobile services
using UHF and SHF bands(2) Short-term
power delay profile(3) Long-term
power delay profile

Level [d B]

FIGURE 1
Definition of various delay profiles

Level [dB]

(1) Instantaneous
power delay profile

Averaging
Averaging
Delay Time
Delay Time

Delay time

6

Continuous
profile01

2 3 4 5
Delay t ime (µs)
15Path number

6

Path delay profile(discrete)

10(5)(4) Short-term
power path delay profile
Median

新勧告案
1. Path specific prediction method
The structure of a path specific prediction method for terrestrial services has been drafted as well asa detailed work programme and a testing procedure. For the next WP 3K meeting the 3 remaining
candidates for such a method will be investigated and tested. Based on these results a DNR on apath specific prediction method will be drafted at the next meeting of WP 3K.
2. UWB devices
Continue work on the further development of the DNR on propagation models for ultra-wideband
devices.
新勧告へ向けた動き
1. Delay profiles
The draft new Recommendation on the prediction of the delay profile for broadband land mobile
services using UHF and SFH bands will be further developed The applicability of the model to otherservices such as fixed wireless access should be verified.(日本提案)
勧告改訂の継続
1. Path general prediction method
There is still an urgent need to test the predictions of Recommendation ITU-R P.1546 against
measurements from regions prone to ducting and super-refractivity and to further develop the
Recommendation to cover predictions for these areas.
2. Short path prediction methods
The models for short path indoor and outdoor propagation will be further developed. They cover an
extremely wide frequency range and types of environment, so more measurements and modelling
work are needed to provide additional guidance.
19

Long-termenvelope path delay
profilePath number (delay time)(6)
Averaging

17

Level [d B]34
5

Definition of delay profiles andparameters
Envelop path delay profile
Power path delay profile
Path delay profile for loss
representation in urban andsuburban areas
Examples

-70
-80
-90
-100
-110
-120

Level [d B]

2

Level

Converting to path delay profile

Long-term
power path delay
profile18

Path number (delay time)

FRAMEWORK FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PDNR ON A PATH SPECIFIC
PROPAGATION PREDICTION METHOD
The new model should meet the following specifications:•%-time: 1-50%•
Frequency range: 80 – 3000 MHz•
Range: 1 – 1000 km•
Will predict field strength at the top of clutter
The input parameters will include the following:•
Latitude and longitude of terminals•
Path profile (terrain only)•
Terminal heights•
Antenna gains•%-time•Frequency
A possible breakdown of model elements might be:•
Diffraction•
Lower-troposphere variability (e.g. ducting)•Troposcatter•
Combination process
In the initial version of the model, it is not intended to model clutter or building penetration.
20

EBU

TABLE 1
Summary of available measurement data
Data
set

Sub set

Sand
ell

No of
measurementsFrequency
range

25,000Location

Path
LengthTxheights

Rx
heights

Rx
antenna

Measurement
types

Fixed

UK

COS
T210

Singlemeasurement or %Time

1 – 50%BBC

Various UK

SingleBBC L-Band

Reigate UK

SingleBBC New

Various UK

SingleERT

Various
GreeceSingleHol

VariousNetherlands

SingleIRT

VariousGermany

SingleIRT L-Band

VariousGermany

SingleIRT
Stationary

VariousGermany

SingleORF

VariousAustria

SingleRAI

Various Italy

SingleS

Various
SwedenSingleS New

Various
SwedenSingleSui

Various
Switzerland

SingleTDF

VariousFranceSingleYLE

VariousFinlandSingleYLE
Stationary

VariousFinlandSingleBBC logging

Various NW
Europe1 – 50%YLE logging

Various N
Europe1 – 50%.001 - 50%
Phase 1
VHF

20 – 100 MHz

Colorado
Mountains
USA

Phase 2UHF

230 – 10000
MHz

VariousUSA

Low
antenna

230 – 416
MHz

Various
USA

Ft.
Huachuca

60 MHzFt.
Huachuca,
USA

ITS

Taso

55 – 800 MHz

Aegis
230 MHz, 1.5
GHz

Various
USA
UK(London,South
coast)

1 – 10m

Fixed

1 - 24
2 – 45km

MobileSingleSingle0.75 – 3m

0.75 - 3

FixedSingle102

MobileSingle12 –16.5 km
1.7 –
193 kmHigh
broadca
st

9

Shunt

Single

1-20
High,
med

1.5m

Omni

Mobilesingle1-40
2.4 GHz, 3.4
GHzUK(various)

5-25m

1 -15mOmni &
dir

Fixed, mobile

single21

22

SG3の研究課題

WP3Mにおける主な審議結果
3件の勧告案を作成しSG3会合で承認．
Doc.

タイトル

1

3/60

Draft revision of Recommendation ITU-R P.530-11 - Propagation data andprediction methods required for the design of terrestrial line-of-sight systems

承認

2

3/61

Draft revision of Recommendation ITU-R P.682-1 - Propagation data required forthe design of Earth-space aeronautical mobile telecommunication systems

承認

3

3/75

Draft revision of Recommendation ITU-R P.1144-3 - Guide to the application of the
propagation methods of Radiocommunication Study Group 3

承認

・日本からの寄与については今回の勧告改訂には直接リンクしていない．
・P.530改訂では過去の日本寄与を発展させる形で改訂された部分もある．

・フェードダイナミクスについては2003年の日本寄与から検討が本格化しつつある．今後も関連するデータバンク入力とともに継続的な貢献が重要．
・データバンクについてはフェードダイナミクス，衛星伝搬長期測定結果等の有効な入力ができ，各国からの期待感が高まっている．前者については他国からの入力の呼び水になっていることもあって単なる一国の寄与に止まらない展開を見せている．
・3Kや3Jでの表立った寄与と異なり，近い将来に役立つ寄与を行っている状況．
23

No Q.
タイトル
WP
1 201 地上及び衛星通信システム並びに宇宙研究応用の計画に必要な電波気象データ
Ｊ
2 202 地表における伝搬の推定法
Ｊ
3 203 30MHz 以上の周波数における地上放送、広帯域固定アクセス及び移動業務のための伝搬データ Ｋと推定法
4 204 地上見通し回線のための伝搬データと推定法
Ｍ
5 205 見通し外回線のための伝搬データと推定法
Ｍ
6 206 固定衛星業務と衛星放送業務のための伝搬データと推定法
Ｍ
7 207 約 0.1GHz 以上における衛星移動及び無線標定業務のための伝搬データと推定法
Ｍ
8 208 固定衛星業務と地上業務に影響する周波数共用上の伝搬因子
Ｍ
9 209 システム性能解析における変動率と危険率パラメータＪ
10 211 300MHz から 100GHz の周波数範囲における近距離パーソナル無線通信、アクセスシステム及び Ｋ
無線 LAN(WLAN)のための伝搬データと伝搬モデル
11 212 電離圏の特性
Ｌ
12 213 電離圏及び電離圏貫通無線通信の為の運用パラメータの短期予報
Ｌ
13 214 電波雑音
Ｊ
14 218 宇宙通信システムに及ぼす電離圏の影響
Ｌ
15 221 スポラディック E 層及び他の電離による VHF 及び UHF の伝搬
Ｌ
16 222 測定とデータバンク
Ｌ
17 225 LF 及び MF 帯におけるディジタル変調技術を含めたシステムに影響を及ぼす伝搬因子の予測Ｌ
18 226 衛星伝搬路の電離圏・対流圏特性
L/M
19 227 HF 帯のチャネルシミュレーションＬ
20 228 275GHz 以上の周波数を使う宇宙通信及び宇宙科学業務のための伝搬データ
Ｍ
21 229 1.6‑30MHz でディジタル変調を用いる場合の空間波,信号強度,伝送品質および信頼性の推定Ｌ24