The 16 th IEEJ Global Energy Webinar
November 26, 2021

IEEJ：November 2021© IEEJ2021

Carbon Neutrality in 2050 and the LTO ofNuclear Power Plants‐ Status and Challenges in Japan ‐Tomoko (TOM) Murakami
The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan0

The Green Growth Strategy through achieving Carbon
Neutrality in 2050
 In October 2020, Prime Minister Suga declared the goal of realizing a carbon‐
neutral, decarbonized society by 2050.
 METI released the “Green Growth Strategy Through Achieving Carbon Neutralityin 2050” in collaboration with related ministries and agencies on December 25th.
( Latest revision was released on June 18th 2021)
2019: 1.03B ton
Non‐Electricity
Electricity
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2030: ‐46% from 2013

2050: net zero

Consumer
0.11B ton
Industry
0.28 B ton

ConsumerIndustry

Transport
0.20 B ton

0.44 B ton

Transport

Electrification
Hydrogen, methanation,
synthesis fuel, biomass
Fossil fuelDecarbonized electric resources• Renewables• Nuclear, thermal+CCUS• Carbon recyclinghydrogen/anmonia

Plantation, DACCS
Source: METI, Overview of Japanʼs Green Growth Strategy
Through Achieving Carbon Neutrality in 2050, June 2021
https://www.meti.go.jp/english/policy/energy_environment/global_warming/ggs2050/pdf/ggs_overview_all.pdf

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14 growth sectors listed in the Green Growth Strategy
EnergyTransport/Manufacturing

Home/ Office

Offshore wind power

Mobility and battery

Housing and building,
Next generation PV

Fuel ammonia

Semiconductor and ICT
Maritime

Resource circulation

HydrogenLogistics, people flow andTurbines for power generation, infrastructurehydrogen reduction
steelmaking, carrier ships,
water electrolyzers

Foods, agriculture, forestry and Lifestyle-related industry
fisheries

Nuclear powerSMR (Small Modular Reactor),
nuclear power for hydrogenproduction

Aviation
Carbon Recycling

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Source: METI, Overview of Japanʼs Green Growth Strategy Through Achieving Carbon Neutrality in 2050,
January 2021
https://www.meti.go.jp/english/press/2020/pdf/1225_001a.pdf

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Road map to 2050 for the nuclear power sector～2025
Selectingtechnologies
by GOJ/JAEA

Decision

FastReactors

Promoting related
technologies bycompetition

～2030

～2040

～2050

Consolidating the roadmaps

Starting
operationin 2050s

Promoting international cooperation with the US and France by utilizing experimental datas
Small
ModularReactors(SMR)

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High
Temperature
GasReactorswith target
cost ofHydrogen
3
JPY12/NmJapanesecompanies market
to the overseas
projects
Verifying testfor inherent
safetyJapanesecompanies as main
suppliers of reactor
design/technologies

Cost cutting
and popularizingby mass
production

Full-fledged global
marketing to Asia,
Africa etc

Verifyingconnection offacilities for
Hydrogenproduction andthe HTGR
systems

Cost cuttingbyestablishingmarketingchannels andmass
production

R&Ds for production ofcarbon-free Hydrogen

International collaboration based on HTTR
Technology development of carbon-free
Hydrogen by using high temperature airSource）https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2021/06/20210618005/20210618005‐4.pdf

P463

Capacity of existing nuclear reactors necessary in 2030

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 “Necessity of new construction of nuclear power plants” was not mentioned in the6th Strategic Energy Plan of Japan released in October 2021.
 So we need to afford carbon‐free electricity from renewables and EXISTING nuclear
power plants only to increase the share of non‐fossil power to 59% in 2030.

4How much capacity will remain in 2030 and in 2050?
 30 GW would be necessary to achieve 20‐22% in 2030, and in 2050 as well.
 Lifetime extension to 60 years should be crucial, and more 10GW is necessary.
2030

（GW）
5550

2050

■Operation in 40 years■Operation in 60 years■Licensed for 60 years~30GW equivalent to20-22%

4540
3530

Capacity25in operation
as of November
2021
20=10GW
15More 10GW

10IEEJ © 2021

502010

2015

2020

2025

2030

2035

2040

2045

2050

2055

2060

2065

2070

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Challenges and activities in the nuclear industry
 Atomic Energy Association of Japan, ATENA, issued a technical guideline formaintaining integrity of the nuclear power plants in the long term shutdown(ATENA 20‐ME02) in September 2020. (Japanese only, sorry!) Operators must set the Special Maintenance Program for the SSCs (structure,systems and components) to be used in case of a restart from the long term
shutdown.

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What is different from the normal
maintenance?
- Sticking by rust (motors, pumps,valves…)- Oxide film
- Corrosion extension under thedifferent air condition- …

… Based on the same regulation such as;- PLM guideline by NRA, AESJ etc

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Existing reactors remaining in 2021; up to 60 years!
The shutdown period in average (years)
Reactors under safety review or
yet to be reviewed (23 Units)

11.0

Reactors in operation (10 Units)

6.2

The reactors which are already in operation might be operated to 60 years old or
more.
However, it is not the same as the reactors which have not yet been restarted.

IEEJ © 2021‐> Issues and challenges might be different between these two groups.

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Data – reactors not yet restarted; 23 units
Copmany UnitOutpout (MW) Birthday

AgeShutdown

Cause

Years of SD

Tokai Daini

BWR1100 1978/11/28

43

2011/3/11 East Japan Earthquake

10.7

Tsuruga 2

PWR1160

1987/2/1735

2011/5/7 Unexpected event

10.6

Tomari 1

PWR5791989/6/22

32

2011/4/22 Regular Inspection

10.6

Hokkaido Tomari 2

PWR5791991/4/1231

2011/8/26 Regular Inspection

10.3

Tomari 3

PWR

912 2009/12/22

12

2012/5/5 Regular Inspection

9.6

Onagawa 2

BWR825

1995/7/28

26

2010/11/6 Regular Inspection

11.1

Onagawa3BWR825

2002/1/30

20

2011/3/11 East Japan Earthquake

10.7

Higashidori 1

BWR11002005/12/816

2011/2/6 Regular Inspection

10.8

KK1

BWR

1100

1985/9/1836

2011/8/6 Regular Inspection

10.3

KK2

BWR

1100

1990/9/28

31

2007/7/5 Unexpected event

14.4

KK3BWR

1100

1993/8/1128

2007/7/16 Chuetsu-Oki Earthquake

14.4

KK4

BWR

1100

1994/8/1127

2007/7/16 Chuetsu-Oki Earthquake

14.4

KK5

BWR

1100

1990/4/1032

2012/1/25 Regular Inspection

9.8

KK6

ABWR

1356

1996/11/725

2012/3/26 Regular Inspection

9.7

KK7

ABWR

1356

1997/7/2

24

2011/8/23 Regular Inspection

10.3

Hamaoka 3BWR

1100

1987/8/28

34

2010/11/29 Regular Inspection

11.0Hamaoka 4

BWR1137

1993/9/328

2011/5/13 Minister's request

10.6

Hamaoka 5

ABWR

1380

2005/1/18

17

2011/5/14 Minister's request

10.5

Shika 1BWR540

1993/7/30

28

2011/3/1 Maintenance works

10.8

Shika 2

ABWR

1206

2006/3/15

16

2011/3/11 Regular Inspection

10.7

BWR8201989/2/1033

2012/1/27 Regular Inspection

9.8

Takahama 1

PWR

826 1974/11/14

47

2011/1/10 Regular Inspection

10.9

Takahama 2

PWR

826 1975/11/14

46

2011/11/25 Regular Inspection

10.0

JAPCTohokuTokyo

Chubu

Hokuriku

Chugoku Shimane 2IEEJ © 2021

TypeKansai8Data – reactors restarted; 10 units
Copmany Unit

Kansai

Shikoku

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Kyushu

炉型

Output (MW)

BirthdayAge

Shutdown

Cause

Restarted on Years of SD

Miahama 3

PWR826

1976/12/1

45.0

2011/5/14 Regular Inspection

2021/7/27

10.2

Takahama 3

PWR

870

1985/1/17

36.9

2012/2/20 Regular Inspection

2016/2/26

4.0

Takahama 4

PWR

870

1985/6/5

36.5

2011/7/21 Regular Inspection

2017/6/16

5.9

Ohi 3

PWR

1180 1991/12/18

30.0

2011/3/18 Regular Inspection

2018/4/10

7.1

Ohi 4

PWR

1180

1993/2/2

28.8

2011/7/22 Regular Inspection

2018/6/56.9

Ikata 3

PWR890 1994/12/15

27.0

2011/4/29 Regular Inspection

2016/9/7

5.4

Sendai 1

PWR8901984/7/4

37.4

2011/5/10 Regular Inspection

2015/9/10

4.3

Sendai 2

PWR890 1985/11/28

36.0

2011/9/1 Regular Inspection

2015/11/17

4.2

Genkai 3

PWR

1180

1994/3/18

27.7

2010/12/11 Regular Inspection

2018/5/16

7.4

Genkai 4

PWR

1180

1997/7/25

24.4

2011/12/25 Regular Inspection

2018/7/19

6.6

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If we live without LTO, we must live without nuclear in 2050.

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Thank you for your attention
Merci pour votre attentionVielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit
Tack för er uppmärksamhet

Photo︓Rock Field Wind Power Station, Iwata City,Shizuoka
6 February 2021
Contact:report@tky.ieej.or.jp

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