J. Nannoplankton Res. 37 (1), 2017, pp.15–23 © 2017 International Nannoplankton Association
ISSN 1210-8049 Printed by The Sheridan Press, USA

15

New Aptian calcareous nannofossil species from Brazil
Cleber Fernandes Alves*
Rua General Mitre, 538. Jardim 25 de Agosto. Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil. CEP: 25075-100; *alvescf@gmail.com

Francisco Henrique de Oliveira Lima
PETROBRAS/CENPES/PDGEO/BPA, Av. Horácio Macedo, 950, Q7, Prédio 32, 1º andar. Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro,
RJ, Brazil. CEP: 21941-915; henriquel@petrobras.com.br

Seirin Shimabukuro
Rua Senador Vergueiro, 92/603, Flamengo, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil, CEP: 22230-001; seirin.shimabukuro@gmail.com
Manuscript received 16th February, 2016; revised manuscript accepted 27th October 2016

Abstract The calcareous nannofossil genera Braarudosphaera and Nannoconus are significant biostratigraphic

markers and palaeoecological indicators in Cretaceous marine sediments. This is particularly true for Brazilian
basins where those nannofossils are used to provide regional biostratigraphic framework across the Aptian andAlbian intervals. Recent calcareous nannofossil studies of Aptian sediments from the coastal basins and continental
shelf offshore Brazil have recorded the occurrence of two new calcareous nannofossil species, Braarudosphaera
pseudobatilliformis and Nannoconus troelsenii, which we describe herein. In addition, the description of one species,
Braarudosphaera batilliformis, is emended in this work.

Keywords Calcareous nannofossils, taxonomy, Cretaceous, Aptian, Nannoconus, Braarudosphaera, Atlantic
Ocean, Brazil

1. Introduction
The calcareous nannofossil genera Braarudosphaera andNannoconus are significant in Cretaceous marine sediments, being useful in both biostratigraphic and palaeoecological studies. Those species have played an importantrole in the biostratigraphic zonation of the Aptian/Albian
interval along the Brazilian continental margin (Cunha &Koutsoukos, 1998).
Furthermore, in palaeoecological studies conducted by
Cunha & Shimabukuro (1997), and Cunha & ­Koutsoukos(1998) the authors argued that Braarudosphaera andNannoconus are associated with carbonate-rich deposits,
although both nannofossil groups show different paleo­
environmental parameters (for example, water-depth,
trophic level, water salinity and turbidity).
Recent detailed biostratigraphic investigations of several Cretaceous sections from continental margin wellsin the Brazilian sedimentary basins have revealed thepresence of specimens that have not yet been formallydescribed as species. Thus, here we describe and illustrate
two new species: Nannoconus troelsenii and Braarudosphaera pseudobatilliformis. The species Braarudosphaera
batilliformis (Troelsen & Quadros, 1971) is also reviewed
and its description is emended herein.
2. Material and methods
The samples analysed came from 34 wells drilled by
PETROBRAS along the Brazilian continental margin as
illustrated in Figure 1. Details about the Brazilian sedimentary basins can be found in Milani et al. (2007).

Nannofossils are common to abundant and moderatly to well preserved in the studied sections. Cretaceous
calcareous nannofossil samples were prepared as smearslides following the standard technique described by
Bown & Young (1998) and mounted with coverslips using
Norland optical adhesive. Temporary mobile mounts werealso made using immersion oil and Norland. The adhesive
was placed on the edges of the coverslips to seal them,thus preventing leakage of the immersion oil (techniquemodified from Bown & Young, 1998). This preparation
procedure allows rotation of the specimens and observation of different views of the same specimen.
Smear-slides were examined for calcareous nannofossils using a polarising light microscope (Zeiss Axio Imager
A2) at 1600X magnification. Images were taken undercross polarised light (XPL), bright field (BF) and a with
gypsum plate (GP), and captured using AxioVision 40x64
v.4.9 Zeiss software. Samples were also examined using the
Zeiss EVO-40 model scanning electron microscope (SEM)
at the Biostratigraphy and Palaeoecology Research andDevelopment Centre, BPA/CENPES/PETROBRAS, Riode Janeiro, Brazil (extra high tension = 20kV, working distance = 12mm, Signal A = SE1, magnification = 5.88K X).
Images and slides were deposited in the palaeoinvertebrates collection at the Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Riode Janeiro, Brazil (Braarudosphaera batilliformis) orin the collection of the Biostratigraphy and Palaeoecology Research and Development Centre, BPA/CENPES/PETROBRAS (Braarudosphaera pseudobatilliformis andNannoconus troelsenii).

Alves et al

16

Barreirinhas
Basin
T

70 km

Ceará BasinT

Maranhão

T
T

Potiguar Basin
T
T

Ceará

Piauí

T

Rio Grande
do Norte

1- Equatorial Brazilian Margin

Alagoas1

BRAZIL
2

T/B/P
T
T/B/P

SergipeAtlantic
Ocean

T

T/B/P
T/P

P

T

Sergipe-Alagoas
Basin

500 kmT

3

Espírito
Santo

Minas Gerais
CAPTIONPETROBRAS wells:
Ceará-1
1-VF-4Campos-1
Other wells studied
Species:
T= Nannoconus troelsenii
B= Braarudosphaera batilliformis
P= Braarudosphaera pseudobatilliformis

50 km

2- Northeastern Brazilian Margin

T
T/P

Santos Basin

P
P

T/P

3
3-Southeastern
Brazilian Margin

T/P

P

T/P

T/P

Rio de Janeiro

São
Paulo

T/P
T/P

T

P
T/B/P
T/P

Espírito
Santo
Basin

T/B/P
T

T/P

Campos Basin
70 km

Figure 1: Map showing the location and distribution of the studied continental margin wells in the Brazilian sedimentary basins, as well as the biogeographic distribution of the species discussed

3. Systematic palaeontology
The higher taxonomic classification and terminology of calcareous nannofossils is based on Bown & Young (1997),
Young & Bown (1997), and Young et al. (1997). The formal definition of our new species follows the International
Code of Nomenclature (McNeill et al., 2012) and we also
referred to van Heck (1990a, b, 1992, 1993, 1994, 2014).
Table 1 shows the assemblage composition, with
common taxa identified in the present study. Stratigraphic range information is given for distributions in
the Brazilian basins where the NC zonation (Roth, 1978)
and CC zonation (Sissingh, 1977; Perch-Nielsen, 1985)

were applied. Only taxonomic references not included in
Perch-Nielsen (1985) and Bown (1998) are provided in
the reference list.
Family BRAARUDOSPHAERACEAE Deflandre, 1947
Genus Braarudosphaera Deflandre, 1947
Braarudosphaera batilliformis Troelsen & Quadros,
1971, emend. Alves, Lima & Shimabukuro
Pl. 1, figs 1–13; Pl. 2, fig. 15a
1971 Braarudosphaera batilliformis Troelsen & Quadros:
p. 588, pl. 7, figs 100–102 (100 = holotype) [in Portuguese]New Aptian calcareous nannofossil species...

Common taxa identified in this study
Assipetra infracretacea subsp. infracretacea
Assipetra infracretacea subsp. larsonii
Biscutum constans
Braarudosphaera africana
Chiastozygus litterarius
Eprolithus floralis
Flabellites oblongus
Hayesites irregularis
Helenea chiastia
Lithraphidites carniolensis
Manivitella pemmatoidea
Microrhabdulus primitivus
Nannoconus circularis
Nannoconus elongatus
Nannoconus globulus
Nannoconus quadriangulus subsp. apertus
Nannoconus quadriangulus subsp. quadriangulus
Nannoconus truittii
Radiolithus planus
Retecapsa crenulata
Rhagodiscus angustus
Rhagodiscus asper
Rucinolithus terebrodentarius subsp. terebrodentarius
Rucinolithus terebrodentarius subsp. youngii
Tranolithus gabalus
Watznaueria barnesiae
Watznaueria britannica
Watznaueria supracretacea
Zeugrhabdotus diplogrammus
Zeugrhabdotus embergeri
Zeugrhabdotus erectus
Zeugrhabdotus noeliae
Zeugrhabdotus xenotus

Table 1: Common taxa identified in this study

Derivation of name: From the Latin batilliformis,
meaning ‘shovel-shaped’, referring to the general outlineof the species.
Original Diagnosis: According to Troelsen & Q­ uadros(1971), this species is composed of four rounded orslightly angular, subtriangular to subrhomboidal liths anda fifth prominent, elongated subrhomboidal lith. The longest dimension of this lith is approximately twice that of
the four other liths and shows a sharp tip, aligned with themain axis of the elongated lith.
Emended description: The original diagnosis of thisspecies (Troelsen & Quadros, 1971) did not include thedescription of a central ridge along the elongated lith. Our

17

observations show that this lith is straight-sided, with anarrow central ridge. Under XPL the lith shows maximum
birefringence at 45° in relation to the plane of polarisation. This birefringence is higher in the centre of the ridge,
decreasing toward the lith edges.
Differentiation: The presence of one elongated, ridgedlith and four smaller liths distinguishes B. batilliformis
from all other species of this genus.
Dimensions of illustrated specimens: maximum dia­meter (including the elongated segment) = 16µm (original
holotype = 10µm). The holotype specimen (from Troelsen& Quadros, 1971) was illustrated again in the present article (Pl. 1, fig. 1).
The holotype slide is deposited in the collection ofMuseu Nacional/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Catalogue
number MN 5032-1 (Fernandes & Fonseca, 2001).
Stratigraphic range: The holotype was describedfrom the Aptian of the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, Brazil, as
suggested by ammonites (Schaller, 1970; Epicheloniceras-­
Diadochoceras-Eodouvilleiceras Zone - Koutsoukos &Bengston, 1993).
The geological range of Aptian-Cenomanian attributed
to this species in subsequent references (Farinacci, 1979;
Perch-Nielsen, 1985; Young et al., 2015) is due to a mistranslation of the original article into English by Farinacci(1979). Furthermore, examination of several sections andan investigation in the literature did not detect a consistentoccurrence of B. batilliformis in a range above the Aptian.
Occurrence: Braarudosphaera batilliformis wasobserved in the equatorial, northeastern, and southeastern Brazilian margins. In addition to the species listed
in Table 1, B. batilliformis usually occurs in association
with Nannoconus circularis, N. bucheri, N. globulus, andMicrantholithus hoschulzii. The occurrence of the species
mentioned above, with Eprolithus floralis, may indicate
the biozone CC7 (Sissingh, 1977; Perch-Nielsen, 1985) or
the lower part of the biozone NC7 (Roth, 1978).
Braarudosphaera pseudobatilliformis sp. nov.
Pl. 2, figs 1–14, 15b
Derivation of name: After the Greek pseudos, meaning‘false’, referring to the difference from B. batilliformis.
Diagnosis: Braarudosphaera with four rounded toslightly angular, subtriangular to subrhomboidal liths anda fifth pointed, rhomboidal lith, the longest dimension ofwhich is only slightly larger than that of the other liths.
This rhomboidal lith gives an asymmetrical appearance tothe outline.
Differentiation: Similar to B. batilliformis, but different due to the slightly elongated segment with an asymmetrical appearance to the outline, with a wide tip anddiffuse edge, being less extended and lacking a central
ridge (Pl. 2, fig. 15b).
Remarks: The larger lith in B. pseudobatilliformis isrelatively shorter than in B. batilliformis (Pl. 2, fig. 15). In
XPL, the larger lith shows maximum birefringence when

18

Alves et al

positioned at 45° relative to the plane of polarisation, butthere is no ridge on the larger lith in B. pseudobatilliformis.
Dimensions: Holotype maximum diameter (including
the elongated segment) = 14µm; Holotype larger lith =7.5µm long.
Holotype: Pl. 2, figs. 1–5; well 1-VF-4, core 2, 746.45m,
Sergipe-Alagoas Basin. Catalogue number: PETROBRAS
CB-2014-01-13081-1. England Finder: N75/1. Collection of
BPA/CENPES, PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Paratypes: Pl. 2, figs 6–10; well Campos-1, sidewallcore sample, 3652m, Campos Basin. Catalogue number:
PETROBRAS CB-200700086. England Finder: D57/2.
Collection of BPA/CENPES, PETROBRAS, Rio deJaneiro, Brazil.
Type locality: Well 1-VF-4, Sergipe-Alagoas Basin,
Brazil.
Type level: Aptian: well 1-VF-4. Core 2, 746.45m.
Previous studies of ammonites in the Sergipe-Alagoas
basin indicate an Aptian age in this section (Zone 300Cheloniceras spp. - Schaller, 1970; Epicheloniceras-­
Diadochoceras-Eodouvilleiceras Zone - Koutsoukos &Bengston, 1993).
Occurrence: Braarudosphaera ­pseudobatilliformis
was observed in the equatorial, northeastern, and southeastern Brazilian margins. At present, base B. pseudobatilliformis is recorded just above the extinction of
B. batilliformis and its occurrence is restricted to the
Aptian CC7 biozone (Sissingh, 1977; Perch-Nielsen,1985) or NC7 (Roth, 1978). Common taxa usually identified with B. pseudobatilliformis are listed in Table 1 andcontribute to the recognition of these biozones.
Family NANNOCONACEAE Deflandre, 1959
Genus Nannoconus Kamptner, 1931
Nannoconus troelsenii sp. nov.
Pl. 3, figs 1–14; Pl. 4, figs 1–16
Derivation of name: In honour of Johannes ChristianTroelsen, former palaeontologist at PETROBRAS, andthe first to report nannoconids in the late 1960s.
Diagnosis: Relatively short (height < width), cylindrical Nannoconus. In side view this species has a rectangular outline with parallel sides. In plan view the rim isapproximately half the width of the central-area and thecentral-area comprises a depression rather than a cavity,
which, in XPL, shows cross-shaped extinction lines thatfill the central-area depression.
Differentiation: Distinguished from other Nannoconus species by the combination of its short, rectangularoutline and the central-area depression and cross-shaped
extinction lines. This diagnostic feature can be considered
distinctive of this species, along with other characteristicfeatures in longitudinal view, such as the relatively thickwall and a height less than the diameter
Dimensions: Height = 2–4µm; Width = 4–12µm;
Central-­area = 1.5–3µm; Rim = 1.5–3µm.

Holotype: Pl. 3, figs 1–3; well Ceará-1, Ceará Basin.
Sidewall core sample, depth: 3574m. Catalogue ­number:
PETROBRAS CB-2012-01-14338-1. England Finder: S69/3.
Collection of BPA/CENPES, PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil.
Paratypes: Pl. 3, figs. 5–7; well Ceará-1, Ceará Basin.
Sidewall core sample, depth: 3574m. Catalogue ­number:
PETROBRAS CB-2012-01-14338-1. England Finder: N47/1.
Collection of CENPES, PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil.
Type locality: Well Ceará-1, Ceará Basin, Brazil.
Type level: Aptian, well Ceará-1, Ceará Basin. Sidewall core sample, depth: 3574m.
Occurrence: N. troelsenii was observed in the equatorial, northeastern, and southeastern Brazilian margins.
In addition to the species listed in Table 1, N. troelsenii
also occurs in association with Braarudosphaera batilliformis, B. pseudobatilliformis, Nannoconus circularis,
N. bucheri, N. globulus, Micrantholithus hoschulzii, andRhagodiscus achlyostaurion. The presence of N. troelsenii
together with the above taxa suggests that this occurrence
is related to the Aptian biozones CC7 (Sissingh, 1977;
Perch-Nielsen, 1985) or NC7 (Roth, 1978).
Observation: At present, the top of Nannoconus
troelsenii coincides with the extinctions of Nannoconus
quadriangulus subsp. apertus and Nannoconus quadriangulus subsp. quadriangulus, which were described
as being restricted to the Aptian (Deflandre & Deflandre-­
Rigaud, 1967; Barrier, 1977; Deres & Achéritéguy, 1980,and Perch-Nielsen, 1985).
Acknowledgements
The authors are very grateful to PETROBRAS for accessto samples and information, and permission to publish thiswork, and to the Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil for allowing us to examine the holotype sample
for Braarudosphaera batilliformis. We would like tothank Rogério da Silva Martins da Costa (PETROBRAS/
CENPES/PDGEO/BPA) for his help in sample preparation and analysis by SEM. We would also like to thankAntonio Enrique Sayão Sanjines, Cecília Cunha Lana,
José Ricardo Maizatto (PETROBRAS/CENPES/PDGEO/BPA), Luiz Padilha de Quadros and Marta Cláudia Viviers for helpful comments. We also acknowledge Elisabetta
Erba and Jackie Lees for their collaboration and constructive reviews.
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PLATE 1 - Braarudosphaera batilliformis
Plate 1. Braarudosphaera batilliformis
XPL = cross polarised light
BF = bright field

GP = gypsum plate
SEM = SEM image

Holotype
XPL(Troelsen & Quadros, 1971)

Paratype
XPL(Troelsen & Quadros, 1971)

1

2

2,21µmBraarudosphaera batilliformis 1-VF-4, 764-767 m
Paratype

XPL Paratype

BF Paratype

GP Paratype

3

5µm

4

5

6

GP

Braarudosphaera batilliformis 1-VF-4, 764-767 m
XPL

XPL

8

7

GP

9

Braarudosphaera batilliformis 1-VF-4, 764-767 m
GP

XPL

10

11

GP

XPL

12

13

Braarudosphaera batilliformis SE-1378/76
Plate 1. Fig. 1: holotype specimen from Troelsen & Quadros (1971). Fig. 2: paratype specimen from Troelsen & Quadros (1971)

New Aptian calcareous nannofossil species...

21

PLATE 2 - Braarudosphaera pseudobatilliformis

Plate 2. Braarudosphaera pseudobatilliformis
XPL = cross polarised light
BF = bright field
Holotype XPL

15µm

GP = gypsum plate
SEM = SEM image

Holotype BF

2

Holotype XPL

Holotype GP

3

4

Braarudosphaera pseudobatilliformis 1-VF-4, 746.45 m
Holotype GP

7

6

5
B. pseudobatilliformis
1-VF-4, 746.45 m

8Braarudosphaera pseudobatilliformis Campos-1, 3652 m
Paratype GP

Paratype XPL

9Paratype GP

Paratype BF

Paratype XPL

11

10Braarudosphaera pseudobatilliformis Campos-1, 3652 m
XPL
XPL

GP

XPL

12

Braarudosphaera pseudobatilliformis CB-200914406-1

XPL
GP
10°

13

14

15 15

Braarudosphaera pseudobatilliformis CB-2013-01-01212-1a) B. batilliformisb) B. pseudobatilliformis

16

Sketch of B.batilliformis and B. pseudobatilliformis

Alves et al

22

PLATE 3 - Nannoconus troelsenii

Plate 3. Nannoconus troelsenii
XPL = cross polarised light
BF = bright field
Holotype XPL

1Holotype BF

Holotype GP

3

2

5µm

GP = gypsum plate
SEM = SEM image
XPL

4

Nannoconus troelsenii Ceará-1, 3574 m
Paratype XPL

5Paratype BF

Paratype GP

GP

8

7

6

Nannoconus troelsenii Ceará-1, 3574 m
XPL

XPL

10

9
Nannoconus troelsenii
CB-200700087

Nannoconus troelsenii
CB-2013-01-04556

Nannoconus troelsenii
CB-2013-01-04556

XPL

12

11
Nannoconus troelsenii
CB-80071

Nannoconus troelsenii
CB-8509651-1

XPL

Nannoconus troelsenii
CB-2013-01-01212-1

SEM

3µm

13

XPL

14
Nannoconus troelsenii
CB-2013-01-04556-1

Nannoconus troelsenii
CB-2013-01-04556

New Aptian calcareous nannofossil species...

23

PLATE4.4 Nannoconus- Nannoconustroelsenii
troelsenii
Plate
XPL = cross polarised light
BF = bright field
XPL

XPL

1

5µm

GP = gypsum plate
SEM = SEM image
XPL

3

2

XPL

4

N. troelsenii CB-2013-01-04556 (Figs 1-4 = same specimen: figs 1, 3, and 4 = plan view; fig. 2 = longitudinal view)

5

GP

XPL

XPL

7

6

XPL

8

N. troelsenii CB-2013-01-04556 (Figs 5-8 = same specimen: figs 5 and 8 = plan view; figs 6 and 7 = longitudinal view)
XPL

9

XPL

GP

11

10

XPL

12

N. troelsenii CB-2013-01-04556 (Figs 9-12 = same specimen: figs 9 and 12 = plan view; figs 10 and 11= longitudinal view)
XPL

XPL
BF

XPL

a) plan view

13

14

15

16 b) transverse viewN. troelsenii CB-2013-01-04556 (Figs 13-15 = same specimen: figs 13 and 14 = plan view;fig 15 = longitudinal view)

4

5

Sketch of
Nannoconus troelsenii

6

Plate 4. All species of this plate were photographed from temporary mobile mounts: Figs 1–4: different views of the same specimen (figs 1, 3, and
4 = plan view; fig. 2 = longitudinal view). Figs 5–8: different views of the same specimen (figs 5, 8 = plan view; figs 6, 7 = longitudinal view). Figs
9–12: different views of the same specimen (figs 9, 12 = plan view; figs 10, 11 = longitudinal view). Figs 13–15: different views of the same specimen(figs 13, 14 = plan view; fig. 15 = longitudinal view). Fig. 16: sketch of N. troelsenii