ISSN 121 0 - 8049

Journal oJ Nannoplankton
Research(formerly INA Newsletter)

A PubUcadon of the International Nannoplankton Association~~.

Volume 16

Number 3

1994

THE INTERNATIONAL NANNOPLANKTON ASSOCIATIONCOMMITTEE MEMBERSPRESIDENT; Shirley E. van Heck; Sarawak She// Berhad; XGS/1; Lutong; Sarawak, Malaysia; Fax. + 60-85-452030
PAST PRESIDENT; Katharina von Sa/is Perch-Nielsen; Geologischeslnstitut ETH-Z; CH-8092 Zurich ; Switzerland;
Fax. +41-(0)1-252-0819; EMAIL katharina@erdw.ethz.ch
TREASURER; Nicky Hine; Industrial Palynology Unit; Sheffield University; Mappin St.; Sheffield S1 3JD, UK;
Tel +44-(0)1 742-825261; Fax . +44-(0)1 742- 799088
US TREASURER; Stephan A . Root; Mobil (MRDC-MEPTEC); P.O. Box 650232; Dallas; Texas 75265-0232, USA;
Fax. + 1-214-6372310; EMAIL saroot@dal.mobil.com
MEMBERSHIP SECRETARY; Kevin Cooper; Time Trax; Surrey Research Park; Guildford GU2 5YL, UK;
Fax +44-(0)1483-31106
EDITOR; Jeremy R. Young; Palaeontology Dept.; The Natural History Museum; London SW7 5BD, UK;
Tel. +44-(0)1 71-938-8996; Fax. +44-(0)171-938-9277; EMA!Ljy@fihm.ac.uk
TECHNICAL EDITOR; Bohumi/ HamrJmid, 695 30 MND Hodonin, Czech Republic; Fax +4262821455
DEPUTY EDITOR; Paul R. Bown; Micropalaeonto/ogy Unit; University Co/Jege London; London WC1 E 6BT, UK;
Fax. + 44-(0) 171-38 7-805 7; EMAIL p. bown@uc/. a c. uk
BIBLIOGRAPHER; Wi/Jiam G. Siesser; Dept. ofGeology; Vanderbilt University; Nashville; Tennessee 37235, USA;EMAJL siesser@ctrvax. Vanderbilt.Edu
SILICOFLAGELLATE BIBLIOGRAPHER; Stacia Spaulding; RRJ, Box 127, Proctorsville, Vermont 05153, USA
ODP CORRESPONDENT; John Firth; Ocean Dri/Jing Project; Texas A &M University; Co/Jege Station ; Texas 77840,
USA ; EMAJLfirth@fielson.tamu.edu
EMAIL MAILING LIST ORGANISER; He/en Gi/Jespie; Dept. of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of
Newfoundland, St. Johns, Newfoundland, A13 3X5, Canada; EMAIL helen@sparky2.esd.mun.ca
INA MEMBERSHIP: Open to anyone interested, on receipt of subscription. Subscription is £12 (students £6) per
annum. Send to Treasurer. Or $20 (Students $10), send to US Treasurer. Membership queries and changes ofaddress send to Secretary.
BffiLIOGRAPHIES: Please send reprints of any coccolith, calcisphere or silicoflagellate articles to the relevantbibliographer.
BACK ISSUES : All issues available, except 7/2 and 11/2 (conference abstracts). Price per issue: Nonmembers £8/$14;
Members, Issues 1/1 to 7/2 £5/$8, Issues 8/1 to 14/2 £3/$5. 30% discount for students and/or bulk orders (10or more issues). For air mail delivery add £1 /$'].per issue. Special discount negotiable for sets of back issues- contact the Treasure. Send orders to the Treasurer.
COPYRIGHT: Any part of the Journal may be reproduced for scientific or educational purposes. Wherever appropriate
the source and authors should be clearly noted.
JOURNAL MATTERS : Send all contributions, suggestions etc. to the editor. Deadline for next issue 15th April
1995. For advice to contributors see inside back cover.
ADVERTISING: Advertisements are welcome, at a rate of £40/page, £20/half page etc. Contact etij,tor for queries.

The Journal ofNannoplanlcton Research (fonnerly INA Newsletter) is published by the International Nannoplanlcton Associauon. Printed by Camers
Kyjov, Czech Republic. ISSN 1210-8049.

JOURNAL OF NANNOPLANKTON RESEARCH(formerly INA Newsletter)
Published by the International Nannoplankton Association

Volume 16

Number 3

December 1994

c_oN_r._E_N_~_8_·----~)( _______

NEWS AND GOSSIP Compiled by Jeremy R. Young .... ................................ ............... .. .... ...... .......................................... 100
EDITORSHIP .. ........ ...... .... .... ................................ ................. ..... ... ... ............ ... .. ........ ....... ................... ... ... ....... .. 100
NANNOFOSSIL DATABASES ................................................................... ........................................................ 100
Nannobase- Laurel Bybell's Nannofossil Database system ........... ..... ..... ..... ........ ................ ...................... ... . 100
Nannostrat .... ....... .......................................................... .. ................................ .. ... .... .. ...... ........ ...... ....... ........ 100
MOUNTING MEDIA SURVEY- INFORMATION REQUESTED .......... ..... ............ ................. ..... ..................... 100
MEMBERS NEWS & GOSSIP ................ .............. ......... ..... ................. .......... .......... .......... ...... .. .... .. .. .. .. ....... .. .... 100
BOOKS ...... .. ..... .............................................. ... ...................... ................... ... .... ....... ........ ..... .. ... .. ........ ...... ........ 101
Handbook ofCenozoic Nannofossils 5 (Rhabdoliths & Zygoliths),
M .P. Aubry. Micropaleontology Press ..... .. ..... .......... ... ....... ............. ............. ................ ... .... ...... .. .. ................ 101
The Haptophyte Algae, Eds. J.C. Green & B.S.C. Leadbeater,
Systematics Association Special Volume 51, OUP, ISBN 0-19-857772-9, £80, hardback .......................... .. .... 101
Coccolithophores, Eds. Amos Winter and William G. Siesser, 1994.
Cambridge University Press, ix + 242pp, ISBN 0-521-38050-2, £75.00, hardback.
Reviewed by He/en Gillespie .. ... ..... .......... .. .......... ............ .... ... ...... ... ...... ......... .. .. ...... .. .. ... ....... ... ... ........ ......... 101
Marine Phytoplankton - A Guide to Naked Flagellates and Coccolithophorids
Ed Carmelo R. Tonw (1993). Academic Press Limited, London: 263pp. Price $79, ISBN 0-12-693010-4
Reviewed by Jackie Bumett .... ........ ....... .... .. ........ .. ...... .............................. ... .................. .... .... .. ....... .. ......... .. .. 102
MEETINGS ................ .......... ....... ........... .......... ...... ..................... ...... ...... ....... ....... ........... .... ... ..... ....................... I 03
Quaternary Nannoplankton Palaeoceanography Workshop- Tasmania Nov. 1994 ................................ .......... 103
Emiliania huxleyi and the oceanic carbon cycle London, April 1995 .............. ..................... ................. ........... 103
The 6th INA Conference- Copenhagen, September 1995 Davelutson .... .... .......... ..... ..... ..... .. ... ...... .... ... ... .. 104
Asian INA Meeting- Lucknow, Fall 1995 Shirley E. van Heck ................ .......................... .......... ................ 104
REPORT ON THE SOUTII-EAST ASIA NEOGENE NANNOPLANKTON WORKSHOP,
AUGUST 16 - 18, KUALA LUMPUR Shirley E. van Heck, R. Abdoerrias, Alaa M. Baky,Mark Filewicz, Freddy anak Godeng, Awalludin Harun, Syed A . Jafar, Ahmad Munif Koraini,Marietta de Leon, Mahani Mohammed, Musa bin Musbah, Mohd Razali Che Kob, ......................................... .. ... . 104
OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM NEWSJohn Firth ...... .. .. ............ .................... .................. .............. ............. ...... .. .. .. .. .. .. 106

THE ICBN: THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW- i 1 Shirley E. van Heck ................ .. ........ .. .. ............................................ 107
SOME FOSSIL " LIVING COCCOLITHOPHORID" SPECIES

Katharina v. Sa/is .. ......................... ........ ................ ....... 109

SENIOR SYNONYMS OF CHIASMOL/THUS EXPANSUSAND DISCOASTER DISTINCTUS Wuchang Wei .. ...... .. ............... .... .. ... .... .. ... .. .. ... ................ .... ... .. .. .............. .... .. .. ...... .. .. 115 .

CYCLAGELOSPHAERA WIEDMANNII NEW SPECIES, A MARKER FOR
THE CALLOVIAN Viviana Rea le, Simonetta Monechi ........ .. ......................... ............ ... ............. ........ ......... .... .. ....... .. ..... . 117
NEW TAXA FROM THE NIOBRARA FORMATION (UPPER CRETACEOUS)
OF KANSAS, USA Mitch Covington . ........ ...... .................................. .... ................ ..... .-.. .................. ........ ..... .............. ..... 121
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND TAXA OF CALCAREOUS NANNOPLANKTON- 24
INA MEMBERSHIP CHANGES,,William G. Siesser ..................... ~... .... ..... 133

Kevin Cooper ...... ................ ....... ......... ..... .......... ..... ....... ......... ... ... ... .............. .. ....... ...... 141========================~99==========================

News and gossip, p. 100- 106.

Journal ofNannoplanlcton Research, 16,3, 1994.

NEWS AND GOSSIP
Compiled and edited by Jeremy R. Young on behalfof the INA Committee

EDITORS HIP'~
I have recently agreed to take over from Hans Thierstein
as European Editor of Marine Micropaleontology. As aresult I have decided to stop editing the Journal of
Nannoplankton Research - editing two journals, however
different, would not be good for either me or the science.
So there is now a vacancy for scientific editor of the JNR,
this ''job'' does not have any direct rewards and involvesa fair amount of work but is fun and puts you in touch witha wide range of nannoplankton researchers. Bohumil ishappy to continue as technical editor and I will continue
at least until the Copenhagen meeting in order to ensure
a smooth transition. We do have at least one serious
potential candidate as editor but anyone who is interested
or would like to know more of what is involved is very
welcome to contact me.
Jeremy YoungNA

database system developed to date. It includes a wide rangeof data on and illustrations ofMesozoic nannofossils in an
integrated user-friendly environment, running in 4th
Dimension, a Macintosh database management program,also available in DOS and (soon) Windows versions. In
addition to taxonomic reference the system is designed tosupport data acquisition and reporting, including range
chart production.
The nannostrat system is now being developed byMicropaleontology Press and will become commerciallyavailable in 1995. There are plans to develop the system
for application for other microfossil and rnacrofossil
groups. Commercial release is expected in April 1995
with site licence fees in the thousand dollar range. For
information contact:
Micropaleontology Press, A merican M useum
Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA ; Fax 21 2769-5653; emai/ micro@.,amnh.org

OFOSSlL DATABASES

Nannobase- Laurel Bybell's Nannofossil DatabasesystemAs announced in the last issue this database system isfreely available now. The content is essentially similar tothat of the Bibliography and Taxa of Nannoplankton,
although there are plans to expand to include other data,and illustrations. It includes some 6500 bibliographic
references, and 3500 taxa. Several of us are using it
already. To obtain a copy send TWO (not 4 as stated in thelast JNR) formatted high density floppy disks to Laurel.
To access the database you also need a suitabledatabase management program on your computer. The
database is compiled in dBASEIII plus on an IBMcompatible computer so this (or dBA SEJV) is the obvious
program to use -and enables use of Laurel ' s user-friendly
database access programs. In addition many other databaseprograms can handle dBA SE files. In particular FoxPro
can read the files without conversion -and is available in
Windows, DOS, and Apple Macintosh versions. It canalso run the program files, with a little reprogramming.
The files have been compressed using the shareware
compression program LHA, a copy of this is included on
the disks. After expansion the system occupies about
13Mb of hard disk . Mac users can use MacLHA 2.13 todecompress the files, this is available on Mac shareware
ftp sites. For information I copies contact:
Laurel By be/1 U.S. Geological Survey 970 National
Center Reston, VA 22092 USA, phone: 703-648-5281;
fax: 703-648-5420;e-mail: lbybeii@J_,geochange. er.usgs.gov
Nannostrat
This database system developed by Michel and Monique
Bonnemaison was demonstrated at the INA Salamanca
Conference, and more recently at the October 1994 GSA
Meeting in Seattle- where it appears to have gained a great
deal of support as the finest dedicated palaeontological

MOUNTING MEDIA SURVEY- INFORMATIONREQUESTEDAt our recent nannoplankton workshop in Kuala Lumpur
we discussed problems with mounting media and foundthat none there was a lack of a clear overview of thedifferent yes of mounting media available. We foundcanada balsam is available as ' fluids ' in bottles or tubes,
or as sticks, and others mentioned Entallan Neu andNorland. We heard different varieties are available, but
are not aware of the details.
I would therefore appreciate it if you could send me
the details on the mounting medium you use, giving thefollowing information, so I can collect the data andproduce an overview to be published in this Journal :-Product name (e.g. Canada Balsam)-Brand name-Supplier (name, address)-How to apply it (heat, UV, ease of use)
-Known durability (still good after 25 years?)-Refractive index-Anything else that might be useful (liquid, solid,bottle, tube)
Please send the information to:
S.E. van Heck, clo Sarawak Shell Berhad, X GS/1,
98100 Lutong, Sarawak, Malaysia
MEMBERS NEWS & GOSSIP
As is often the case our, UK based, spies are ill-informedon events away from home, in compensation we do havesome quite complex movements to report and so havesummarised them in a useful reference chart.
- John Steinmetz has moved from Marathon Oil in
Colorado to become Director and State Geologist at theMontana Bureau of Mines and Geology. A splendid
sounding post, and it is always good to hear of INA
stalwarts doing well.

100==========================

Journal ofNannoplankton Research, 16, 3, 1994.

News and gossip, p. 100- 106.

- Jacques Giraudeau has returned from South Africa to
Bordeaux, where he did his PhD with the late Annick
Pujos.

between UCL and the Natural History Museum -as part ofthe ever burgeoning E.hux research effort. Christiane
Ellison has joined UCL doing a PhD on Early Cretaceous
nannofossil biogeography.

- Michael Knappertsbusch is returning to Switzerland
BOOKS
from Amsterdam, to the Basel Natural History Museum
where he will be responsible for the ODP reference
Handbook of Cenozoic Nannofossils 5collection. In his place two new nanno PhD students(Rhabdoliths & Zygoliths)
Sandra Broerse andAnna Lotoskaya join Jan van Hinte's
M.P. Aubry. Micropaleontology Press
group to work mainly on sediment trap material and there . This volume is virtually complete and Micropaleontology
are plans to appoint another PostDoc. Anna is from Press hope to publish it in early Spring 1995.
Moscow University and has already had nanno training
from Ric Jordan (at lOS) and from Elisabetta Erba.
The Haptophyte Algae
Eds. J.C. Green & B.S.C. Leadbeater.
Systematics Association Special Volume 51, OUP,
ISBN 0-19-857772-9,£80, hardback
This volume was published in October 1994, and is now
available. It contains 22 review chapters on a wide range
ofaspectsofHaptophyte biology, with particular emphasis
on cellular biology and phylogeny. It arrived too late fora review in this issue but my first impression is that it will
form an excellent complement to the Siesser & Wintervolume, which has a more ecologicalibiogeographicalbias. We are commissioning a review for the next issue andincluding a publishers leaflet offering a discount to INA
members with this issue.

Otp. Geol. Firenze·~yNanno-migrations in, to , and from the Anglo-Outch sector during Sumner and AutlJTin1994 .

- The UK micropalaeo scene has been rocked by thedemise of two consultancy companies. SSI went into
receivership, was sold, changed name to TimeTrax, and" lost" various staff. Kevin Cooper is staying with the newcompany whilst Donata Zucchi has hopped ship to theInstitute of Oceanographic Sciences. This compensates
Phi I Weaver for the loss of Dove Rut/edge who has moved
to RPS Palaeo. At RPS Palaeo Dave is joined by Neil
Hulme who was a victim of the second service company
financial meltdown - Palaeoservices. His erstwhilecolleague Liam Gallagher has moved to the new groupingof Network of Stratigraphic Consultants. Finally on thecommercial frontS/eve Starkie has abandoned BP Aberdeen
for Geochem.
The academic front has been relatively quiet Viviana Reale has returned to Florenceafter a useful 6months at UCL. Jackie Burnett has taken to migrating

Coccolithophores
Eds. Amos Winter and William G. Siesser, 1994.
Cambridge University Press, ix + 242pp.
ISBN 0-521-38050-2, £75.00, hardback.
Reviewed by He/en Gillespie, Dept. of Earth Sciences,
Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. Johns,
Newfoundland, Canada
Finally, it has been published. The book that we as INA
members have been waiting for, and it has been well worth
the wait. Amos Winter and William Siesser have artisticallypieced together a series of commissioned reports into adelightful mosaic of information on Coccolithophores.
There are eleven reports (chapters) in total, each one
dealing with a specific topic that is thoughtfully selected
and written by an acknowledged specialist in that particularfield . There are two main sections in this book, one thebiology ofcoccolithophores, the other their oceanographic
significance. These editors have shown through theirchoice oftopics and authors how multidisciplinary research
can enhance one's knowledge.
There is one obvious problem that has arisen fromcombining individual reports into a book form. Although
the topics were thoughtfully chosen, the editors shouldhave foreseen the overlap in research material that eachauthor used to convey their message. Because some topics
are so closely related it is very difficult to deal with eachcompletely independently. For instance, those chapters
dealing with the physiological ecology, biogeography,
sedimentation of coccolithophores, and the distribution of
coccoliths in oceanic sediments all overlap considerably.
Perhaps these chapters would be better served if they weresomehow combined with a common introduction. The
same holds true for the chapters on ultrastructure andcalcification of coccolithophores; composition and mor-============================101==========================

Journal ofNannoplankton Research, 16, 3, 1994.

phology of coccolithophore skeletons; and functions ofcoccoliths.
If you are looking for new unpublished material
you will be disappointed in this book. However, if you arelooking for a book that combines major topics of
Coccolithophore research under a common cover andgives each a perspective relative to the others, then this isthe book for you. The chapters on classification systems
for living coccolithophores and the atlas of living
coccolithophores with over 140 SEM photographs aresuperb. The chapter on stable isotopes is both informative
and well presented.
This book will appeal to a wide audience. Thoseinterested in the biological and oceanographic sciencesin general and those studying living or R~centcoccolithophores in particular . For the micropalaeontologist, palaeoenvironmentalist or biost~ati­grapher, it should serve as a valuable resource book smce
conclusions based on the study of living species arecommonly of great interest to those who study fossil
specimens. As the saying goes .. ' 'the present is a key to thepast" .
This book would be an appropriate standard
introductory text for any undergraduate or graduate student
studying calcareous nannoplankton; and will no doubt
serve as an invaluable reference for workers in this,field.
(Editor's note- the individual chapters in this bookare listed in this issue 's Bibliography, see under Brand,
Jordan, Pienaar, Roth, Siesser, Steinmetz, Winter, andYoung) .

Marine Phytoplankton - A Guide to Naked
Flagellates and Coccolithophorids
Ed. Carmelo R. Tomas (1993). Academic Press
Limited, London: 263pp. Price $79,
ISBN 0-12-693010-4
Reviewed by Jackie Burnett, Research School of
Geology and Geophysics, Birkbeck College andUniversity College London, Gower Street, London,
WCJ E 6BT!Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road,
London, SW7 5BD, U.K.
As Carmelo Tomas explains, this book was developed as
an introductory manual for routinely identifying marine
phytoplankton with the light microscope. (Whilst admittingthat electron microscopy is indispensable for verificationof some taxonomic identifications, it gives it a wide berthon the grounds that it is not used for routine work) . Basedupon teaching _notes from the Advanced International
Course for the Identification of Marine Phytoplankton,
and incorporating the considerable experience of theauthors, this book constitutes a synthesis of past andcurrent, international, and sometimes not readily accessible,
information on the biological and physical properties used
to identify the taxa of this group.
The book is divided into two technical parts: Jahn
Throndsen deals with ' ' The Planktonic Marine
Flagellates", covering those which "are able to multiply
in the flagellated stage'', including heterotrophic flagellates
but excluding dinoflagellates; whilst Berit Heimdal
introdu~es the "Modem Coccolithophorids', i.e. only
extant species. Both chapters include impartial lists ofcommon synonyms and an idea of geographical· distributions. The book thus constitutes a very useful tome

News and gossip, p. 100- 106.

for newcomers to the field, and possibly a useful reference
text for more advanced researchers. In addition, there areextensive reference lists (an impressive 24 pages in small
type!) for the newcomer to use as a basis for more in-depth
research, and each chapter has an index of taxa.
The authors comment on the dynamic state ofclassification (something all students should bear in mind)
and the necessity of having access to the SEM.
Tomas' s " Introduction" gives an overview oftheclassification ofthe groups of marine planktonic flagellates
and highlights the divergence between classifications of
the coccolith- and non-coccolith-bearing groups as aresult of historical study, i.e. the coccolith-bearing groupwere originally described from fossil forms , andconsequently their classification did not (and still cannot
for non-eXtant forms) take cell characters into account (aproblem which today causes heated arguments amongexperts whenever and wherever they meet!) .
The technical chapters only deal with the mostcharacteristic and common species ofeach genus (according
to the authors) . These are described with reference to line
drawings and notes on morphological features identifiablein the LM. Where the SEMis vital to correct identification,then distinguishing SEM features are additionally referred
to.
''The Marine Planktonic Flagellates'': This chapter
summarises the characteristics necessary for identificationofflagellate taxa, i.e. motility, size, trophic mode, and thepresence/absence of chloroplasts . It contains acomprehensive biological description ofthe flagellate celland its reproductive cycle, and summarises theirenvironmental andgeographical distributions. A historicalbackground to research on the group, and the inherent
problems associated with this, is included.
An obviously vital (yet somewhat daunting) list offlagellate terminology and its derivation takes up two
pages (a longer glossary of terms appears towards the endof the chapter), followed by c.85 pages of taxonomy,
dealing with the characteristics, identification, associatedproblems of the taxa (down to genus level and including
selected species) of the phytoflagellate classes
Cryptophyceae, Raphidophyceae, Chrysophyceae,
Dictyochophyceae, Prymnesiophyceae. (Haptophyceae)(excluding coccolithophorids) , Euglenophyceae,
Prasinophyceae and Chlorophyceae, and the zooflagellates,
Choanoflagellidea, Kinetoplastidea and Ebriidea, all set
out in a concise, easy to follow manner with plenty ofillustrations.
Throndsen discusses study techniques: lightmicroscopy, sampling (including precise culturing
techniques) and preparation (including preservation ofmaterial and problems to avoid), with a checklist of
characteristics to look for in order to identify to class level.
" Modem Coccolithophorids" : The living cell andcoccoliths (hetero- and holo-) are described, again indetail with line-drawn illustrations. The reproductive andlife cycles, history ofresearch~and distributions are given.
The general characteristics and morphological terminology(five pages!) are presented in detail, and problems associatedwith study are summarised. Again, the classification is==~~~~~~~~~~~ 102==~~~~~~~~~~=

News and gossip, p.l 00 - I 06.

discussed (Heimdal admits the inconsistencies between
the classification of fossil and extant fonns) and presented
in a concise way. The coccolithophores are herein divided
into two orders: lsochrysidales (incorporating the families
Gephyrocapsaceae and Hymenomonadaceae) andCoccosphaerales. The systematic descriptions take up
c.60 pages and, once again, are well presented, including
selected species descriptions and numerous illustrations.
The book is rounded off with a glossary of terms in
six languages (after Farinacci, 1971), and an index.
As someone with only minor and recent experienceof extant coccolithophores, and therefore someone whom
this book was written with in mind, I found it to fulfil its
basic objective: I believe it is a useful introduction forstudentsofthescience. Coming from a 'fossil' (philistine?)
background, I also was brought to understand more fully
the biological point of view regarding classification(although I do not believe this problem will ever be
resolved to everyone' s liking).
As with all areas of nannoplankton research, precise
identification of taxa is crucial. This book functions as a
primary source of reference but instills the need to referback to original descriptions (something we should alltake note of1). Correct taxonomy becomes ever more
important with the advancement of our science, with thedifferent uses we put nannoplankton to, and the conclusions
we draw from their distributions, both presently and in thefossil record.
MEETINGS
Quaternary Nannoplankton Palaeoceanography
Workshop- Tasmania Nov. 1994
The Co-operative Research Centre for the Antarctic andSouthern Ocean Environment, at the University of
Tasmania, Australia, will be holding a Workshop on''Calcareous Nannoplankton- Applications to Quaternary
Paleoceanography'' on 16-17 November, 1994, organised
by Patricia Wells. This announcement will not be publishedtill after the meeting but the list of talks is hopefully ofinterest as indication of research in progress in the region.
-Professor Hisatake Okada. Yamagata University, Japan:- What are calcareous nannoplankton? What do they look
like, and how do they live.
-Late Quaternary paleoceanography in the Indian Ocean
revealed by the floral change ofcalcareous nannofossi/s.
-Calcareous nannoplankton as a controlling factor andmarker of our environment.
- Dr Ric Jordan. Yamagata University, Japan:-The Emiliania huxleyi acme zone: how long has it lasted,
where can you find it and is it important to the GEM
initiative.
- ODP Leg 108 Site 658C: a high resolution coccolith andalkenone study.
- Dr Chikara Hiramatsu. JAPEX Research Centre,
Japan:-A record of the calcareous nannojlora and postulated
sea surface temperature for the last 4 glacial- interglacial
cycles, near the subtropical convergence, east ofTasmania.

Journal ofNannoplanlal Research , 16, 3, 1994.

- Ms Claire Findlay. IASOS, University of Tasmania:- The identification of three morphotypes of Emiliania·huxleyi in the water column of the Southern Ocean andtheir biogeographic distribution- Dr. Susan Blackburn. CSIRO Division of Fisheries,
Tasmania:-A bloom ofthe coccolithophoridGephyrocapsa oceanica
Kamptner in Jervis Bay, eastern Australia.
- Dr Patricia Wells. Antarctic CRC, University of
Tasmania:-Changes in Late Quatemarypa/eoproductivity: evidence
from nannoplankton and foraminifera in deep-sea core
V18-222, off southeastern Australia.
- Dr Harvey Marchant. Australian Antarctic Division,
Hobart, Tasmania:-Non-calcareous, living nannoplankton of the Southern
Ocean (diatoms, Parmales, cyanobacteria andheterotrophic nanoplankton) .
-1mageanalysisofmicroscopicalobjectswithaMacintosh.
-Professor Patrick Quilty. Australian Antarctic Division,
Hobart, Tasmania:- Shortcomings in Antarctic biostratigraphy: will
nannoplankton come to our rescue?
- Dr Samir Shafik. Australian Geological Survey,
Canberra, ACT:
-Cainozoic paleoceanographystudies in the A ustra/asianregion- Dr Elisabeth Sikes. Antarctic CRC, University of
Tasmania:- Uk37- an organic biomarker technique for estimating
past sea-surface temperatures produced by coccolithophorids.
Emiliania huxleyi and the oceanic carbon cycle
London, April 1995
As announced in the last JNR I am organising thisconference in the Natural History Museum from 5th-8th
April 1995 (scientific sessions 6th & 7th April). It will
present results from "Coccolithophorid Dynamics: The
European Emi liania huxley i Programme (EHUX) ' '. Thisis a multi-disciplinary programme funded by the Marine
Science and Technology initiative of the European
Commissions. Its objective is to deepen our understandingof the marine component of the oceanic carbon cycle byintensive study of a single core-component of that cycle the coccolithophorid alga Emiliania huxley i.
The registration circular for this conference isavailable now and any interested INA Members are very
welcome to contact me for these details.
Jeremy Young, Palaeontology Dept., The Natural
History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK Tel. 071-938-8996;
Fax 071-938-9277; E-Mailjy@nhm.ac.uk,,===========================103============================

Journal ofN81Uloplankton Research, 16, 3, 1994.

The 6th INA Conference - Copenhagense,ltember 1995
On the 1st November,which was the official closing date
for replies to the first circular Ihad received replies fromapproximately lOO members (and non-members!), ofwhom about half indicated that they would definitely beattending. This is a very encouraging response and equallypleasing is the large number of members who are willingto give oral presentations or present posters.
I will be producing the second circular in the near
future, as son as I can sort out the projected budgets in thelight of the response to the first circular. I will also be
contacting those people who asked for financial assistance,
so don ' t panic if you haven't heard anything from yet.
Thank you to all those who replied so promptly.
Dove Jutson , DGU Geological SurveyofDenmark,Thoravej 8, DK 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Tel: +45-31-10-66-00. Fax: +45-31-10-68-68.
£mail dj@.Jmndgu 1. dgu.min.d~
Asian INA Meeting- Lucknow, Fal11995
This is in continuation of an announcement in the previous
JNR issue. In the fall of 1995, the Birbal Institute of
Palaeobotany enters into its Golden Jubilee year. Besides
other programs, the Palaeobotanical Society is inviting us
tQ organise an ASIAN INA MEETING under theConvenorship of Dr. S.A. Jafar. In order to successfullyorganise this, we would like to have an estimate of thepotential number of participants, specially in view of theclosely scheduled INA Conference in Copenhagen(September 1995). If you are interested, please respond bysending your name, address, communication links, choiceof workshop, excursion themes etc., and let us knowwhether your participation will be certain I probable I
possible. Please send the information to:
Dr. SyedA . Jafar, The Palaeobotanical Society, 53
University Road, Lucknow 226 00 7, India.
Fax ~ 91-522-24206113819481283536. Tel: +91-5223819-18; EMaillkuniv@sirnetd.ernel.in.
Shirley E. van HeckREPORT ON THE SOUTH-EAST ASIA
NEOGENE NANNOPLANKTON WORKSHOP,
AUGUST 16- 18, KUALA LUMPUR
Shirley E. van Heck, Shell, Miri, Malaysia
R. Abdoerrias, Unocal, Balikpapan, Indonesia, Alaa
M Baky, Simon P. T. , Jakarta, Indonesia; Mark
Filewicz. Unoca/, Houston, USA; Freddy anak Godeng,
Shell, Miri, Malaysia ; Awalludin Harun, Petronas,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Syed A. Jafar, University,
Lucknow, India; Ahmad Munif Koraini, Petronas,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Mariella de Leon, University, Quezon City, Philippines; Mahani Mohammed,
Petronas, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Musa bin Musbah,
Shell, Miri, Malaysia; Mohd Razali Che Kob,
Petronas, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
A SE Asia Neogene nannoplankton workshop was held in
Kuala Lumpur in August 1994, at the Petronas ResearchGroup (PRSS) premises. Twel~e workers attended theNews and gossip, p.100- 106.

workshop, as reflected in the authorship of this report.
Stratigraphical ranges and species concepts were discussed
in ascending stratigraphical order and compared to the
Neogene events chart ofYoung et al. ( 1994 ), and to PerchNielsen ( 1985), as the most commonly used reference
book. Material was demonstrated from different SE Asianbasins.

Objectives
1. Establish a common species concept for biostratigraphically useful species, or at least establish towhat extent species concepts differ between nannoplankton specialists.
2. Establish the ranges or sequence of events (FADs,
LADs) for as many species as possible, and the extent
to which they vary within the SE Asian region.
3. Obtain an overview of the geographical distribution ofassemblages at different time intervals, e.g. pernannofossil zone.
Preparation methods
After a brief welcoming presentation by Petronas
management and introduction of the participants, thesessions started with a discussion on sample storage andpreparation techniques. Some delegates reported the
problem of dissolution of nannofossils from rock samples,
sample residues, and slides. Samples that had containedrich nannofloras in the past, would yield only poor
assemblages after some years, or even be completely
barren. This problem was not generally recognised and nosolutions were offered to counter it, largely because few
participants ever had cause to re-examine samples.
Correct use of Canada balsam is known to preservenannofossils well for at least 25 years, although several
people reported the development of cracks and fractures.
It was suggested that using fresh Canada balsam andapplying nail polish to seal the edges of the cover-glass
might have a significant influence on the preservation.
The use of xylene/xylol to dilute Canada balsam was
generally thought to have a negative effect on thepreservation [editors note - xylene is flammable andhazardous to health. It should only be used in a fume
cupboard) . Other mounting media mentioned were Entellan
Neu and Nor land, but no-one had a good overview of allofthe mounting media available. One conclusion, therefore,
was that it would be very useful to compile a list of thedifferent mounting media, the different forms in which
they are available, their suppliers, and their advantages
and disadvantages (see ' Call for information' ).
Preparation methods varied widely amongst
participants. Some were lucky enough to usually deal withrich assemblages and make a simple smear-slide without
any concentration techniques. Others use centrifuging,sieving or settling to concentrate either the total nannofossil
assemblage or a particular size fraction .
Stratigra'phic events
Lower Miocene
Knowledge of the Lower Miocene was limited because
either \\ells did not penetrate deep enough, or the sediments
were deposited in the wrong environment.

==========================104===========================

News and gossip, p. IOO- 106.

In discussing criteria for the recognition of (or atleast an approximation to) the Oligocene /Miocene
boundary, it became apparent that most of us hesitate touse the reticulofenestrids because of rather vague species
concepts. Consequently, the species concept ofDictyococcites bisectus was discussed at length, andcompared with those of Cyc/icargolithus abisectus andC. jloridanus (we did not discuss generic assignments).
Differentiation of D. bisectus was not deemed to be a
problem, based on a more elliptical outline, size(> 12 Jl.m)and high birefringence. C. abisectus and C. jloridanus
were deemed to be more difficult to differentiate, but C.
jloridanus was thought to be smaller, less circular, having
a more sharply defined extinction pattern and a brighter
central area. This concept will be tested by the participants,
to see if the observed ranges match. It was reported thatC. jloridanus is commonly observed in NN9/CN7, where
it is considered reworked.
The LAD of Sphenolithus conicus was recorded
from NN4/CN3 and possibly NN5/CN4. In Young et al.
(1994), it was indicated to occur in NNI , and in PerchNielsen ( 1985) from ?NN3 . It has been pointed out that S.
conicus is easy to confuse with S. heteromorphus, but thefollowing points were listed to distinguish them,acknowledging that transitional forms may occur. (I)composite spine in S. conicus versus solid spine in S.
heteromorphus; (2) the extinction lines in the column
enclose a triangle inS. conicus, but merge into a verticalcentral line inS. heteromorphus (at 45~) ; 3) S. conicus has
a relatively shorter spine and higher column and isgenerally larger than S. heteromorphus.
The LAD of S. belemnos is by definition at the topof NN3 , but it was reported to eo-occur with S.
heteromorphus, contrary to the pattern indicated in Younget al. (1994).
Helicosphaera ampliaperta is useful as a zonal
marker in the Indian Ocean, but is only rarely encounteredfurther east. It is unclear whether this is due to provincialismor poor preservation.

Middle Miocene
A possible alternative for the recognition of the Lower I
Middle Miocene boundary is the change from dominanceof D. dejlandrei over D. exilis in NN4/CN3 to dominanceof D. exilis in NN5/CN4 and younger assemblages.
S. heteromorphus is common enough for its LAD
to be useful as an event, but it is often reworked, hampering
recognition of the top ofNN5/CN4. Similarly the LAD ofC. jloridanus is a useful event, but it is often reworked andcan be common in, e.g., NN9/CN7.
Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus, D. kugleri and D.
braarudii were all considered too rare for routine practicalbiostratigraphy. Potentially useful events which have been
observed but need to be checked include: FAD D.
petaliformis (=D.signus)in NN4-5/CN3-4; LAD H.
euphratis just above the LAD of H. ampliaperta in NN5/
CN4; FAD D. musicus in NN5/CN4 ?; FAD. D. bollii in
NN6/CN5a?; Abundance of small helicoliths in NN6?;
Diversity of discoasters increases in NN6/CN5a - NN I 0/
CN8.

Journal ofNannoplankton Research, 16, 3, 1994.

Upper Miocene.
Both the LAD of Coccolithus miopelagicus (thresholdsize > l2Jl.m) and the FAD of C. coalitus are useful torecognise the base of NN8/CN6. Primitive forms of
C.coalitus have a different morphology from t~ose in
NN9/CN7, but this has not yet been documented.
NN9 can be subdivided by using the LAD of S.
moriformis. Criteria used to distinguish S. moriformis
from other species (S. abies, S. verensis) are the domed
shape and large size (>5 Jl.m) . Also D. hamatus wasreported to be smaller in the lower part ofNN9/CN7 thanhigher up.
The FAD of Minylitha convallis is uncertain,
participants had encountered the species from NN I O/CN8
to NNII/CN9.
LAD of D. bollii is used to subdivide NN10/CN8.
The similar species D. sanmiguelensis, only has a knob on
one side although originally described from CN4 and CN 5
(NN6-7), it has been observed in what is thought to be
NNIO/CN8 (and mistaken for D. bollii).
Discussions on the FAD of D. pentaradiatus(varying from NN9/CN7 to NNll/CN9 between
participants) resulted in the revelation of widely differing
species concepts/nomenclatural confusion. As we did nothave suitable sample material or the relevant literature tohand, the problem was deferred.
D. quinqueramus and D. berggrenii are thought tohave the same FAD at the base of NN 11 /CN9a, but D.
berggrenii has an earlier LAD. A characteristic difference
mentioned was that in D. quinqueramus the central knob
is fairly small, whereas in D. berggrenii it may occupy theentire central area. A more extreme form, with ribs on thecentral knob that actually protrude beyond the centralarea, was highlighted as having an even earlier LAD. This
form was described as D. bergenii by Kniittel et al. 1990 (arather unfortunate name, given the similarity in appearance,
range and spelling).
An acme of Scyphosphaera globulata was reported
tooccurwithinNNll/CN9, neartheLADofD. berggrenii.
R. rotaria which is reported as restricted to NN ll had notbeen used by workshop members and should be tested out
for SE Asia.
The occurrence and FAD of Amauro/ithus was
discussed at length. In SE Asia Amaurolithus as defined(i.e. without birefringence) is extremely rare. However,nannoliths are commonly observed that morphologicallyresemble the species of Amaurolithus, but show
birefringence. These are treated in different ways: somejust call themAmaurolithus, othersAmaurolithus? others
Ceratolithus spp., and others give them provisional names
under Ceratolithus to test their ranges. There was somediscussion about the FAD of this group, and whether theirobserved ccroccurrence with D. quinqueramus was due toreworking (or contamination) or real.
It was pointed out that there is a great resemblance
between D. surculus (FAD NN lli€N9) and D .
pseudovariabilis (LAD NN10/CN8), with the maindifference the bifurcation of the downwards pointing
tongue-like node between the bifurcation in D .
pseudovariabi/is (see also Perch-Nielsen 1985 on this========================~105=========================

J. Firth: ODPNews,p. 106-107. S. mnHeck: The ICBN, p. 107-108.

across the entire basin. Four sites drilled around the islandofGran Canaria recovered sequences that reflect the entire
volcanic history of the island from the submarine shieldstage through early explosive volcanism, to more recent
basaltic volcanism. JoAnne Sblendorio-Levy and Richard
Howe will be the nannofossil specialists for this leg.

Leg 161 (May 8- July 4, 1995) will drill the Alboran Basinto study the structural development ofan extensional basin
within a collisional margin area, and to study sapropel
history in the western Mediterranean. Staffing is now
underway for this leg. Eric de Kaenel and William Siesser
will be the nannofossil paleontologists on this leg.

ODP Leg 158 (September 30 - November 23, 1994)
drilled TAG, a geotherrnal 'black smoker' site, to study thegeochemistry, mineralogy, and fluid flow regime of thedeposits. No paleontologists sailed on this leg.

Leg 162 (July 9- Sept. 3, 1995) will be the second leg of
the North Atlantic- Arctic Gateways program (the firstbeing Leg 151 ), and will study the gateway development
between the Arctic, Norwegian-Greenland Sea, andAtlantic oceans from Palaeogene to Quaternary, as well as
palaeoceanographic and palaeoclimatic history of thisregion. Wuchang Wei will be the nannofossil paleontologist
on this leg.

The 1995 drilling schedule is as follows :Drydock (Nov. 24, 1994- Jan. 3, 1995) is scheduled toperform maintenance, cleaning and overhaul ofthe ship.
Drydock will be at Falmouth, England.

~

Journal ofNIIIlllOplarjWJn Resean:b , 16, 3, 1994.

Leg 159 (Jan. 5 - March 2, 1995) will drill the Eastern
Equatorial Atlantic Transform Margin in the Gulf ofGuinea, to study the structural development of a transformmargin from its inception in early Cretaceous time to thepresent, and to study the equatorial Atlantic gateway
opening from the mid to late Cretaceous. Sediments fromthe Lower Cretaceous to Quaternary are anticipated. The
nannofossil paleontologists for this leg will be David
Watkins and !m Chul Shin .
Leg 160 (March 12 - May 3, 1995) will drill the eastern
Mediterranean collisional margin to the west, south, andeast of Crete, and to study sapropel development in thisregion. Staffing is now underway for this leg. Enrico di
Stefano will be the nannofossil paleontologist on this leg.

Leg 163 (Sept. 8- Nov. 3, 1995) will drill the Blake Ridge
and Carolina Rise to study gas hydrate formation . Staffing
is now underway for this leg.
The drilling schedule for 1996 will be decided at theDecember meeting of the JOIDES Planning Committee.
For more information on Ocean Drilling and other
JOIDES activities , write to Joint Oceanographic
Institutions, Inc., 1755 Massachusetts Ave. , NW, Suite
800, Washington, D.C., 20036-2l02, U.S.A ; Phone: 202232-3900; Internet: joi@ iris.edu; to request copies of the
JOIDES Journal.
To apply for participation as a shipboard scientist
on an ODP cruise, send a letter of request and a resume to
the Manager of Science Operations, Ocean Drilling
Program, Texas A&M University Research Park, College
Station, TX, 77845. You will receive an application form
to fill out and return to ODP.

THE ICBN: THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW- 11
Shirley E. van Heck, SSB, Lutong. Sarawak, Malaysia
We continue the rules of typification with the types forgenera, starting again from Art. 37. Most of the rules anddefinitions for types are the same as for species, but there
are a few special considerations.

ARTICLE 37
3 7. 1. Publication on or after 1 Jan. 1958 of the name ofa new taxon of the rank ofgenus or below is valid only
when the holotype of the name is indicated (see Arts.
7-10;..)The type of a genus is therefore a specimen, not a
species, which is further emphasised in the following rule:37.2. For the name of a new genus or subdivision of agenus, inclusion of reference (direct or indirect) to ·asingle type of a name of a species is acceptable asindication of the holotype (. .).
This means that you can refer to a holotype of a
species and assign that as the type of the genus. However,it also implies that the species does not necessarily haveto be valid or legitimate, as the specimen is all that matters.

7. 14. The type ofa name ofa taxon assigned to a groupwith a nomenclatural starting-point later than 1753 (seeArt. 13) is to be determined in accordance with theindication or description and other matter accompanying
its valid publication (. ..).
This rule appears not to apply to recent algae, as
they have a starting point in 17 53, but it does apply to fossil
plants, which has a starting point in 1821. For the lattergroup, it can only apply to a taxon published before 1958,
because it would be invalid if no holotype had been
indicated after that date. See, however, Art. 10.2.
10. 1. The type ofa name ofa genus or ofany subdivisionof a genus is the type of a name of a species (. .). For
purposes ofdesignation or citation ofa type, the speciesname alone suffices, i.e. it is considered as the fullequivalent of its type.
This of course, is only true if -lP.e species has a
type, which is not necessarily the case before 1958.
10. 2. !fin the protologue ofthe name ofa genus or ofany
subdivision ofa genus reference is made to the name(s) of==========================107==========================

Joumal ofNatmoplankton Research, 16, 3, 1994.

subject). However, both species are usually too rare tosystematically check this difference.

Pliocene
The ranges of the different Ceratolithus species need tobe l~gged carefully, and their species concepts documented.
The LAD of C. armatus was reported as top NN14/
CNlOd, with LAD of C. acutus at top NN13 , althoughothers considered C. armatus as restricted to NNI2/
CNIOa-b. It was recognised that Ceratolithus spp. arefairly common and have a good stradgraphical potential
in SE Asia but their great variability needs to be
documented. However, with the conventional markers(Amaurolithus, D. asymmetricus, Ceratolithus rugosus)
virtually absent in SE Asia, this group offers our best hopefor subdivision of the Early Pliocene.
D. pentaradiatus is at times extremely common. It
is not known whether there is one or more acmes, nor whatsignificance these may have. Acmes are thought to occur
in NN12 /CNIO and NNI5 /CNII.
The FAD of Pseudoemiliania /acunosa is thought
to occur low in NN 15 /CN 11 , but isusedbyfewparticipants,
because it is more difficult to recognise towards the baseof its range. However. as it is a common species, it is a
useful marker in the absence of Ceratolithus.
The LAD of Sphenolithus spp. was generally felt
to be a more reliable marker for top NN 15/CN 11 than the
LAD of R. pseudoumbilicus. It was reported that therecorded sequence of these events depends entirely on thespecies concept of R. pseudoumbi/icus, and in particular
the size cut-off. AsSphenolithus isalwayscommon, it was
accepted as the more reliable marker.
Gemini lithe/la jafari was reported to have a LAD
at the top ofNN 16/CN l2b, and as it is more common thanD. surcu/us, it may be a more suitable marker. A barbearing Coccolithus, referred to as C. crassipons, isthought to have a FAD in NN16, and an acme near the
Pliocene I Pleistocene boundary. The LAD of Discoasterspp. is a good and reliable event to recognise top NN 18/
CN12
Pleistocene
The most useful events to subdivide NN 19/CN 13 are the
LAD ofCalcidiscus macintyrei and the LAD of H. sellii,
and these are used by most participants. The FADs ofGephyrocapsa caribbeanica and G. oceanica have goodpotential, but as a result of the different species concepts
and few observations these were less used by theparticipants. The few observations are the direct result of
the use of ditch cuttings, as sidewall samples are rarely

News and gossip, p. I 00 - I 06. J. Firth: ODP News, p. 106 - I 07.

available over this interval.
The LAD of Pontosphaerajaponica was reported to
be useful in the Pleistocene, but no accurate level is known.
The LAD of P. /acunosa is a reliable marker in this region,
marking the top ofNN19/CN14b. The FAD of Emiliania
huxleyi can only be determined with difficulty with theLM,
and in sidewall samples or core samples. In practice, thisevent is only used by those with access to an SEM.

Outstanding issues
1. Although comparison with the events of planktonic
foraminifera was made regularly, a fully integrated
list with events of both nannoplankton and planktonic
foraminifera was not established, nor was any
comparison made with other fossil groups .
2. Although everyone was aware that significant
fluctuations occur in the relative abundances ofparticular groups (e.g. species of Sphenolithus,
Reticu/ofenestra, Gephyrocapsa, Discoaster) no-one
could indicate at which levels these had been observed,
or their geographical extent.
3. No overview was obtained of the geographicaldistribution of species per time interval. On the whole,variation in geographical distribution seems limited
and has been recorded for a few species only.
Summary
The workshop was considered to be a success and weresolved to hold another one in a couple of years time. In
particular :I . The discussions on preparation techniques yielded
useful information to improve our own preparations
and help us to evaluate the results of those present.
2. Discussions of species concepts highlighted which
species pose no problems, so that a common species
concept exists and which species need to be re-evaluated,so that a common species concept may be established.
3. A number of controversial ranges were brought to light,
to be studied before the next meeting. A provisional listof events was established.
4. Several potentially useful events were mentioned bysingle participants, these will be tested by the others,
again for discussion at the next meeting.
REFERENCES
Perch-Nielsen, K. 1985: Cenozoic calcareous nannofossils. In:
Bolli, H.M. et al. , Plankton stratigraphy, Cambridge
University Press, 427-554.
Young, J.R. et al. , 1994: A sununary chart ofNeogene nannofossil
magnetobiostratigraphy. J. Nannoplankton Res., 16/1,
21-27.

OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM NEWSJohn Firth, Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A & M University
ODP Leg 156 (May 31 -July 26, 1994) drilled the north
Barbados Ridge accretionary prism, to study the
relationship of fluid flow and structural deformation in afine-grained siliciclastic regime. Yan Xu was thenannofossil paleontologist for tpis leg.

ODP Leg 157 (July 31 - September 25, 1994) drilled theMadeira Abyssal Plain (MAP) and the Canary Island
volcaniclastic apron (VICAP). A mid-Miocene to Recent
history of turbidite deposition across the MAP region was
documented, with individual turbidites being correlatable========================106========================~

Journal ofNaru1oplankton Research, 16,3, 1994.

one or more definitely included species, the type must be
chosen from among the types of these names. If such areference is lacking, a type must be otherwise chosen, but
the choice is to be superseded if it can be demonstrated
that the selected type is not conspecific with any of thematerial associated with the protologue.
This repeats in a bit more detail what was statedin Art. 7.14, except that the rule says that the choice canbe rejected if the selected type species is not in accordancewith the protologue (= all the text, figures and material
used by the author). Note that in this case the recent algae
are not excluded.
On to family types:

7. 1. The application ofnames oftaxa ofthe rank offamily
or below is determined by means ofnomenclatural types(types ofnames oftaxa). The application ofnames oftaxa
in the higher ranks is also determined by types when thenames are ultimately based on generic names (see Art.
10.5) .

10. 4. The type ofa name ofa family or ofany subdivision
ofa family is the Some as thatofthe generic name on which
it is based (see Art. 18. 1). For purposes ofdesignation or

S. van Heck: The ICBN, p. l07- 108.

citation ofa type, the generic name alone suffices. .... .
This implies first of all that typification is automatic, and it is not necessary to spell out that, for instance,
the genus Prinsius is the type for the Prinsiaceae. Consequently, the name Prinsiaceae Hay & Mohler 1967 isvalid, and so has priority over the name Noelaerhabdaceae
Jerkovic 1970. Further implications are as mentioned
above for the genus type : this rule only works if the genus
actually has a type, and the genus name does not have to
be valid. However, Art. 18.3 (discussed in INA Newsletter
13.3) gives an odd twist to this conclusion, because it statesthat a family name based on an illegitimate genus nameis illegitimate.
I shall ignore the rules that deal with taxa above the rankof family, which few of us use, and do not appear to cause
problems. As this concludes the rules dealing withtypification, we can now pick up where we left off, andmove to Art. 41 in the next issue.

REFERENCES
Greuter, W., 1988: International Code of BotanicalNomenclature. Koeltz Scientific Books, 328 pp.
Heck, S.E. van, 1991 : The ICBN: things you need to know -5.
INA Newsletter 13/3, 101-102.

...

~.,.

=========================108========================~

K. v. Sa/is: Some fossil "limg coooolilhophorid"..., p. I 09- 114.

Journal ofNannoplanldon Research, 16, 3, 1994.

SOME FOSSIL "LIVING COCCOLITHOPHORID" SPECIES
Katharina v. Sa/is, Geological Institute ETHZ, CH-8092 ZUrich, Switzerland
Abstract: Fossil representatives of the following living coccolithophorids never or rarely reported from the fossil
record are illustrated: Coronosphaera binodata, Helicosphaera pavimentum, Poricalyptra gaarderae, Poricalyptra
lsselii, Syraco/ithus confusus, Syracosphaera anthos, Syracosphaera pirus, Tetralithoides quadrilaminata,
Umbilicosphaera angustiforamen. This significantly increases the number of living species with an illustrated
ancestor. In addition, one new species, Pontosphaera decora/a is described, from the Pliocen

Introduction
Winter & Siesser ( 1994) provide us with a useful atlas ofthe living coccolithophorid species. For the specialist
interested in fossil coccolithophorids they provide a long
wished-for overview of what the result of over 200 million
years of calcareous nannoplankton evolution looks like inthe form of living species.
In the atlas the authors also make statements about
the known geological ranges of some 150 of the nearly 200
presently known, living species. According to this information only 2 5, (i.e. 17%) of the living species have a fossil
record (Fig. 1). The authors warn, that " this information
is presented with caution, as comparatively little is yet
known about the range/distribution of many species'' .
Species
living

20

40

60

80

100

120 110[t}:;:~;W:?-\c Heterococcoliths :·\·[ .-:' Holococcoliths . :·/·:

Pleist_?~Pliocell!L_

f- 10

Q)

c

Q)

my

g

1- 20

~
Q)

1- 30

~

g
.Q>

0

1- 40

2!

§
f-

so

LU

<..i

f- 60

0

Q)

n;
0..

Cretaceous

The geological ranges ofliving species according
to WINTER & SIESSER, 1994.
NOTE: These authors only givedata on some 1 SO of the total
ea. zoo living species and haveoverlooked the fossil rep resentatives of some living
species.

While we have known for a long time that not allliving species survive transport to the seafloor (Honjo,
1976) and so are not found in the underlying sediments,
the non-fossilising percentage of only 17% comes assomething of a surprise. Partial explanations may be thatnearly40%ofthecoccoliths in Winter & Siesser's (1994)
atlas are holococcoliths which have a very low fossilisation potential, and that the authors were not speciallyinterested in providing ancestors for the living
coccolithophorids. But there also must be a lack of interest
from the "palaeontological community" , to make aneffort to find and report ancestors of living species in thesediment. None of the authors who have presented
overviews ofthe evolution of the calcareous nannoplankton
have addressed this problem in earnest or attempted aconcentrated search for such species (Haq, 1983; Roth,1987; Perch-Nielsen, 1986; Bown et al., 1993).
This is an highly unsatisfactory state of affairs

when we want to investigate rates of species appearancesand extinctions, or the longevity of species and comparethem with other groups ofphyto- and zooplankton. Triggered by the realisation, that more must be known than has
been reported, I had another look at my TEM and SEM
pictures collected over the past quarter of a century. This
yielded the Neogene forms discussed in this paper. They
are illustrated here in order to illuminate the ranges given
by Winter & Siesser ( 1994 ). In addition, a f~st attempt tosearch the literature al!¥> furnished a fe~ ~Palaeogene
species that may be ancestors of living forms ,I hope this presentation will initiate f~jendly cooperation among colleagues who also have such ' ~orpses "in their EM-collections of calcareous nannofosSils, andlead to a better understanding of nannoplankton evolution.
Material
The following samples yielded the forms illustrated on
Plate 1:- KvS 645 from the "Mio-Pliocene" of Rio Gurabo, St.
Domingo (Saunders et al. , 1986). The assemblage includesReticu/ofenestrapseudoumbilicus, Helicosphaera
carteri, Spheno/ithus abies, Scapholithusfossilis and thespecies shown here. The presence of Reticulofenestra
pseudoumbi licus indicates the presence ofNN 15 or below(early Pliocene or older). Since discoasters are very rare
and no ceratoliths were found, the absence or presence ofthe marker species of this interval can not be used to allow
for a more precise age assignment. Other details of thesamples are given_by Saunders et al. (1986).
- DSDP Site 119-26; (Perch-Nielsen, 1971)- DSDP Site 354- 2cc; (Perch-Nielsen, 1977)- DSDP Site 355-2-4, 70cm; (Perch-Nielsen, 1977)- DSDP Site 357-5-4, 135cm; (Pen;h-Nielsen, 1977)
Systematic descriptions
CLASS PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE HIBBERD, 1976
Family Calyptrosphaeraceae Boudreaux & Hay, 1969·
(Holococcoliths)
Poricalyptra isselii (Borsetti & Cati, 1976) Kleijne,
1991
PI. 1, Fig. 2
Remarks: This holococcolithfeatures usually four, sometimes also more or fewer pores and som~times a central
horn, like the Pliocene form illustrated here.
Occurrence: living (Winter & Siesser, 1994); Early
Pliocene, Rio Gurabo, Dominican Republic.

===========================109==========================

Joumal ofNannoplankton Research , 16, 3, 1994.

Poricalyptra gaarderae (Borsetti & Cati, 1972)
Kleijne, 199 1
PI. I, Fig. I
Remarks: The characteristics of this species are the twopores, one on either side of the central bridge with orwithout a central process. The fossil form illustrated has
the same characteristics.
Occurrence: living (Winter & Siesser, 1994); Early
Pliocene, Rio Gurabo, Dominican Republic.
Sy raco/ithus confusus Kleijne 1991
PI. I, Figs 4, 5
OR Calyptro/ithina multipora (Gaarder, 1980) Norris
1985
OR Hel/adosphaera dalmatica (Kamptner, 1927)
Okada & Mclntyre, 1977 (in Steinmetz, 1991 ).
Remarks : S. confusus is characterised by 5-8 cavities
according to the original description. Kleijne (1991)
however, illustrates a paratype (pl. Vl, fig. 4) with morethan the " allowed " 8 cavities, since there are already 78 visible on half a coccolith. In the specimens illustrated
here from the Pliocene, there are from 10 to more than 20
cavities.Thus although the two Pliocene specimens illustrated here are similar to recent forms a precise assignment
is difficult. Nevertheless if we assume, that these specimens belong to one oft he possible candidates this increases
the number of living species with an illustrated ancestor
by another species.
Note the different states of preservation shown inthe detail PI. I, Fig. 5. Here the small size of the crystals
in the well preserved wall of the specimen can be observed
next to somewhat larger units in the distal, dome-shapedpart of the coccolith. The wall includes, however, alsoheavily overgrown zones where the originally discrete
crystals fuse into larger blocks, as is usually the case inolder holococcoliths.
Similar but larger specimens from the upper
Palaeocene, which were described by Perch- Ni~lsen ( 1971)
as Semihololithus biskayae also have more than 5-8
cavities (PI. 1, Fig. 6).
Occurrence: Living (Winter & Siesser, 1994 ); Early
Pliocene, Rio Gurabo, Dominican Republic; probably also
in the Late Palaeocene of the Bay of Biscay (PerchNielsen, 1971).
"In search ofa descendant??"
PI. 1, Figs 7,8
Remarks: The two holococcoliths illustrated here have no
obvious descendant among the living holococcoliths. The
form shown in PI. 1, Fig. 7 is polygonal and features acentral cavity, while Fig. 8 has an elliptical outline. The
latter might correspond to the proximal view of several
species, while there seems to be no correspondent living
form to the former.
Occurrence: Early Pliocene, Rio Gurabo, Dominican
Republic.

K. v.Sa/is: Somefossil '1img~ ..., p. l09-114.

Family Coccolithaceae Poche, 1913
Gemini lithe/la rotula Kamptner ( 1956) Back man 1980
PI. 1, Fig. 14.
This is included as a prime example of a common, but
relatively poorly known, fossil coccolith whose descendants are unclear.
Occurrence: Early Miocene to Late Pliocene.
Umbilicosphaera angustiforamen Okada & Mclntyre,
1977
PI. 1, Fig. 15
Remarks: The two shields are typically equal in size inthis genus and species, a feature that can also be observedin the distal view illustrated here. The angular plates
described from the holotype are not preserved in the fossil
specimen illustrated here. Another living species ofUmbilicosphaera with a wide open central area, U.
maceria, is smaller and has only some 30 elements, while
U. angustiforamen has more than 40 elements.
Occurrence: living (Winter & Siesser, 1994); Early
Pliocene, Rio Gurabo, Dominican Republic.
Family Helicosphaeraceae Black, 1971
Helicosphaera pavimentum Okada & Mclntyre 1977
PI. 1, Fig. 12
Remarks: Like most living species, H. pavimentum isusually illustrated in distal view. This shows a form witha central area that is formed of a pavement of minute laths
arranged± parallel to the long axis of the coccolith which,at around 5Jlm long, is considerably smaller than the morecommon H. carterilkamptneril wallichii, which is wellknown from the fossil record. The proximal view illustrated here shows a broken specimen featuring a suture-line±along the long axis of the coccolith.
Occurrence: Living-- LatePleistocene (Winter & Siesser,
1994 ); Early Pliocene, Rio Gurabo, Dominican Republic;
probably widespread but not generally reported.
Family Pleurochrysidaceae Fresnel & Billard, 1991
Tetralithoides quadrilaminata (Okada ·& Mclntyre,1977) Jordan et al. ( 1993)
PI. 1, Figs 9, 10
Remarks: T. quadrilaminata is characterised by a verythin rim and a very wide central area covered by four thinplates~ In the forms illustrated here the thin rim and wide
central area are well developed, but the exact structure of
the central area in the form ofa~~late, plates or oJ}ler is notclearly visible due to overgrowth and other particles
overlying the central area. This species is listed by Winter& Siesser (1994) as Cricosphaeraquadrilaminata, with=================================== 110 =================================~

K. v. Salis: Some folisiJ "limg coccol~d" ..., p. 109- 114.

no known fossil record. Subsequent work has revealed its
identity with Tetralithoides symeondesii (Theodoridis
1984) and so given it a lengthy fossil range (Jordan et al.
1993).
Occurrence: Living (Winter & Siesser, 1994); DSDP Site
372 in the western Mediterranean, the Atlantic and Indian
Oceans in the Miocene (NN 2- NN 11) according to
Theodoridis (1984); Quaternary of the Philippine Sea(Matsuoka & Okada, 1989) and DSDP Site 354 on Ceara
Rise north of Brazil, samples from NN 16 & NN 19.

Journal ofNamoplankton Research, 16,3, 1994.

is considered to have become extinct at the CretaceousTertiary boundary, with the extinction oftheMaastrichtian
species ofRote lapi/Ius, R. munilus, some 65 my ago. Someof the forms assigned to the recent family
Syracosphaeraceae however, might well be descendants offorms that would be assigned to the Stephanolithiaceae in
the fossil realm.

?, Coronosphaera binodata {Kamptner 1937) Gaarder& Heimdal, 1977 or? Coronosphaera medilerranea (Lohmann 1902)
Gaarder, 1977
PI. 1, Figs 17, 18

Family Pontosphaeraceae Lemmermann, 1908
Pontosphaera decorala n.sp.
PI. 1, Fig. 13

Holotype: PI. 1, Fig. 13. Negative No. 613412-5; deposited at the Museum of Natural History, Basel.
Locus typicus: Rio Gurabo, Dominican Republic.
Stratum typicum: NN 15 or below, Early Pliocene orolder.
Diagnosis: Flat species of Pontosphaera with a narrow
wall surrounding a distal area composed of± tangentiallyoriented laths pierced by very small holes/depressions.
More than four small blocks about 1~ni high are arranged
around the central area pierced by the holes/depressions.

Remarks: C. binodata as illustrated in Steinrnetz (1991)
has a wall of imbricated elements and a central area
featuring a floor of± radially arranged elements topped by
two thick nodes. C. mediterranea, on the other hand,features a central, elongated boss along the longaxis
surmounted or not by a central process. Coccoliths withsuch a wall are also found in the fossil record. The central
area in the forms illustrated here is empty. Forms withnodes have, however, been observed in several samples
with the light microscope. In the Cretaceous, such simple
rings as those illustrated here would be assigned to theCretaceous species Loxolithus armilla, of which no specimen with a filled central area has been illustrated to date.
Occurrence: living (Winter & Siesser, 1994); Early
Pliocene, Rio Gurabo, Dominican Republic.

Remarks: No other flat species of Pontosphaera has
small blocks arranged around the pierced part of thecentral area.

Syracosphaera anthos (Lohmann 1912) Janin, 1987
S. variabilis Halldal & Markali, 1955
Deutsch/andia gaarderae Perch-Nielsen,1980

Range: Forms similar to P. decorata have not beenreported from living or fossil assemblages so far. NN 15
or below.

Remarks: Perch-Nielsen (1980) described D. gaarderae
from the middle Pliocene. It has since been suggested thatthe differences used by Perch-Nielsen(1980) to distinguish the fossil specimens from the recent ones -- thenearly double size and the higher central cone in the fossil
form -- are insufficient to characterise a new species
different from the living one.

Family Syracosphaeraceae (Lohmann)
Lemmermann, 1903
This family includes coccoliths of widely varying construction. What the specialists ofliving coccolithophorids
call ''caneoliths'' would, by some authors specialised infossil forms be called coccoliths with a zeugoid wall and± open central area. In the fossil realm, such forms are
assigned to the recent families Pontosphaeraceae,
Calciosoleniaceae and the Syracosphaeraceae and thefollowing fossil families:-the Cbiastozygaceae which feature wall(s) ofvertical or
oblique elements and a central area spanned by a X or moreelaborate central arrangement of elongated elements.
Such forms disappear with the extinction of Jsthmolithus
recurvus in the Oligocene, some 32 million years ago.
-the Stephanolithiaceae which include forms of varying
outline, a wall of vertical elements and a central areaspanned by a great variation of usually± radially oriented
elements topped or not with a central process. The family

Occurrence: living (Winter & Siesser, 1994) ; Early
Pliocene (NN 15) of DSDP Site 357 (Perch-Nielsen,1980).
Syracosphaera ?plrus Halldal & Markali, 1955
PI. 1, Fig. 16

Remarks: S. pirus as illustrated in Steinrnetz (1991) ischaracterised by its lenticular shape, its wall of two cycles
of vertically standing elements surrounding a central area
bridged by radially oriented laths that bear a central
process of vertically standing, long parallel laths. In thespecimen illustrated here the wall also consists of verticalelements. It is, however, not clear beyond.doubtthat there.,,
are two cycles of elements, since overgrowth has affected
the fossil coccolith. The central stem is shorter than in theliving form, a feature probably due to breakage. Its struc-==========================111

Journal ofNamoplanldon Research , 16, 3, 1994.

ture is not discernible. The radial laths of the floor arepresent.
Similar forms lacking any remains of the central
area are not uncommon in some samples. Their relationship with the Palaeocene species Nodosella? franzii fromthe Lo\\rer Palaeocene ofTunisia (Perch-Nielsen, 1981, pl.
1, figs 4,5, 7-9) will have to be investigated further.
Similar forms with a wall of± vertical elements are also
known from the Mesozoic family Stephanolithiaceae (seeabove).
The identification is given asS ?pirus since mostillustrations of S.pirus and S.prolongata (a closely associated form), show three distinct flanges around the coccolith(see e.g. figs in Winter & Siesser, 1993 or INA Newsletter
14/1:40), so it is not certain that the form illustrated by
Steinmetz was correctly identified.
Occurrence: living (Winter & Siesser, 1994); NN 5
(middle Miocene) DSDP Site 355-2-4,70 (Brazil Basin).
Conclusions

The additional fossil representatives of living
coccolithophorids presented here -- actually also including G/adiolithus jlabellatus which has been found in
Holocene sediments with the light microscope -- add
another ten species to the 25 noted by Winter & Siesser( 1994) as species with a fossil record. It will need a major
effort from the calcareous nannofossil community, to gaina more realistic picture of the history of evolution of theancestors of the living species of coccolithophorids thanthe one illustrating the presently acknowledged state (Fig.
1). It will also need co-operation from the authors illustrating living coccolithophorids. From the published pictures
it is often impossible to see the structure of the single·
coccoliths. Thus I have a feeling that some small species
may have larger ancestorsin the fossil record but that we
do not realise this, because we do not have any illustrationof those species from which the fine structure is clearlyvisible. On the other hand species of Syracosphaera lookrather similar to some forms of the Mesozoic
Stephanolithiaceae.
Below is an attempt at assigning some fossil
Palaeogene and Jurassic species to living species based on
EM-illustrations

K. v. Sa/is: Some bsil "livWIB ooooolahophorid"•., p. 109- 114.

Homozygosphaera schilleri

Discolith. macroporusDef:JaOOre,
1954 (in Varol, 1989)
Pontosphaera syracusana
Pontosphaera crucifera Roth,1970
Syracolithus confusus
Semihololithus biskayeae P-N,
1971
Syracolithus quadripeiforatus Zygosphaera brytika Roth ,1970
Syracosphaera ossa

Living species=
Calyptrolithina multipara
Calyptrolithina divergens
Syracolithus bicorium

Coccolithus joensuui in Hay et
al. , 1967

Jurassic fossil species?
Anfractus variabilis Medil, 1979
Anfractus harrisonii Medd,
1979'' Neococcolithes dub ius''
Medd, 1979

lfwe want to make more educated guesses as to longevity
and changes in the evolutionary rates over the past 20 mythan has up to now been done, we have several ways to do
this:- one person works in splendid isolation for 10 years.
-several people pool their work and embark on intelligent,coordinated investigation of those sections that promise
results. These will be sections with exceptionally wellpreserved assemblages and, at the same time, a good age
control.
- everybody works on her /his own, thus probably duplicating a lot of work.

As INA approaches 20 years of " friendly cooperation" I
hope to be able to entice INA members to join me in theeffort to make a giant step forwards in the " acquisition"of ancestors of living coccolithophorid species. The goal
could be to present INA with a " jubilee-gift" for its first
20 years in 1997.

Palaeogene fossil species?

Acknowledgements
I would like to thank those who gave me the samples which
formed the basis of this study: John Saunders, Basel,
supplied the samples from the Dominican Republic andthe DSDP those from the Atlantic Ocean. Jeremy Young(London) and Ric Jordan (Yamagata) suggested welcome
improvements.

Cruciplacolithus tarquinius inRoth, 1970
Cr. primus P-N 1977 a.o.
Cyrtosphaera cucullata
Cepekiella e/ongata Roth, 1970
Homozygosphaera wensteinii Discolithus solidus Deflandre,
1954 (in Varol, 1989)

REFERENCES
Taxonomic references that are included in· Perch-Nielsen( 1985 - nannofossils) or Jordan & Kleijne ( 1994 - living
nannoplankton) are not listed below. They can also be found in
the Index and Bibliography of Calcareous Nannoplankton -Living species
Coccolithus neohelis

Magnifications
Figs 1: 7.500x; 2: 15.000x; 3: 15.000x; 4: lO.OOOx; 5: 9.000x; 6: 13.000x; 7: lO.OOOx; 8: 13.000x; 9: ???; 10: ???; 11 : lO.OOOx;
12: 6.500x; 13: 7.800x; 14: 7.500x; 16: 9.000x; 17: 7.500x; 18: lO.OOOx.
Localities
DominicanRepublic,RioGurabo5ection;"' NN 15, EarlyPiiocene: Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18. DSDPSUe 11926, NP 9, Late Palaeocene: Fig. 6. DSDP Site 354-2cc, NN 19, Early Pleistocene: Fig. 9. DSDP Site 354-3-2,115cm, NN 16, Late
Pliocene: Fig. 10. DSDP Site 357-5-4, 135cm, ,.. NN 7, middle Miocene: Fig. 15. DSDP Site 355-2-4, 70cm, NN 5, Early Miocene:
Fig.16.

==========================112=========================

K. v. Sa/is: Some fussj) "limgOOCXIOIIhophorid"... ,p. 109-114.

Journal ofNarmoplanldon Research , 16, 3, 1994.

Poricalyptra gaarderae

Poricalyptra isselii Syracolithus confusus

Syracolithus confusus

Semihol. biscayae Pal.

Holococcolith

Syracolithus confusus

Holococcolith~;.

==========================113========================~

K v. Sa/is: Some fOssil "limg coocolilhophorid''..., p. I 09- 114.

Journal ofNannoplankton Research, 16, 3, 1994.

Loeblich & J:appan ( 1966 to 1973) and subsequently in INA
Newsletters 1-15 (1979-1993).
Bown, P.R., Bumett, J.A & Gallagher, L.T. , 1993: Calcareous
nannoplanlctonevolution.Mem. di ScienzeGeol., Padova,
43,1-17.
Haq, B.U. 1983: Calcareous nannoplankton. Benchmark Papers
in Geology, v. 79, Hutchinson Ross Publishing Co.,
Stroudsburg, Pa., 338 p.
Honjo, S., 1976: Coccoliths: production, transportation, andsedimentation. Mar. Micropal., 1, 65-79.
Janin, M.-C .,l987: Micropaleontologie de concretions
polymetalliques du Pacifique central. M em. Soc. geol.
France, nouv. ser., 152, 1-315.
Jordan, R.W., Kleijne, A & Heimdal, B., 1993: Proposedchanges to the classification system ofcoccolithophorids.
ill. INA Newsletter, 15/1, 18-22.
Jordan, R.W., & Kleijne, A, 1994: A classification system forliving coccolithophores. In: Winter, A & Siesser, W.G.
(eds) " Coccolithophores' ', Cambridge University Press,
p. 83-105.
Kleijne, A , 1991 : Holococcolithophorids from the Indian
Ocean, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea and the North
Atlantic Ocean. Marine Micropal. 17, 1-76.
Loeblich Jr., AR. and Tappan, H., 1966-73: Annotated index
and bibliography of the calcareous nannoplankton. I.
Phycologia, S, 81-216. II: 1968, J. Paleontol., 42, 584598; ill: 1969: J. Paleontol. , 43, 568-688; IV: 1970, J.
Paleonto/., 44, 668-674; V: 1970 Phycologia, 9, 167174; VI: 1971. Phycologia,10, 316-339; VII: 1973, J.
Paleontol., 47, 715-769. [Index of all nannoplanlcton
taxa with comments about their non-validity under
Botanical or Zoological Codes if not described properly.
Bibliography up to 1972].
Matsuoka, H. & Okada, H., 1989: Quantitative analysis of
Quaternary nannoplankton in the subtropical Northwestern Pacific Ocean. Marine Micropal., 14, 97-118.

Okada, H. & Mclntyre, A , 1977:. Modem coccolithophores of
the Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans .
Micropaleontology, 23/1 ,1-55.
Perch-Nielsen, K., 1971 :. Einige neue Coccolithen a us dem
Paleozlln der Bucht von Biskaya. Bull. geol. soc. Denmark, 20/4, 347-361.
Perch-Nielsen, K. 1977a Albian to Pleistocene calcareous
nannofossils from the Western South Atlantic, DSDP
Leg 39. JRDSDP, 39, 699-823
Perch-Nielsen, K., 1980: New Tertiary calcareous nannofossils
from the South Atlantic. Eclogae geol. Helv. 73/1 , 1-7.
Perch-Nielsen, K. 1985 . Mesozoic calcareous nannofossils;
Cenozoic calcareous nannofossils. In: Bolli, H.M.,
Saunders, J.B. & Perch-Nielsen, K. (eds.): " Plankton
Stratigraphy", Cambridge University Press, p. 329426;427-554; Index, p. 1006-1022.
Perch-Nielsen, K., 1986: Geologic events and the distribution of
calcareous nannofossils - some speculations. Bull.
Centre Rech. Explor.-Prod. Elf-Aquitaine, 10, 422-432.
Roth, P.H. 1987 Mesozoic calcareous nannofossil evolution:
relationtopaleoceanographicevents.Pa/eoceanography,
2, 601-611.
Saunders, J.B., Jung, P. & Bijou-Duval, B., 1986: Neogene
Paleontology in ·the Northern Dominican Republic.! .
Field surveys, Lithology, Environment, and age. Bull. of
American Paleontology, 8913, 231-279.
Steinmetz, J.C., 1991 : Calcareous nannoplankton biocoenosis:
sediment trap studies in the Equatorial Atlantic, Central
Pacific, and Panama Basin. Ocean Biocoenosis Ser. 1,1-85.
Theodoridis, S., 1984: Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphyof the Miocene and revision of the helicoliths anddiscoasters. Utrecht Micropal. Bull. 32, 1-271.
Varol, 0 ., 1989: Eocene calcareous nannofossils from Sile,(Northwest Turkey). Revista Esp. de Micropal. 21/2,
273-320.
Winter, A & Siesser, W .G ., 1994 : Atlas of living
coccolithophores. In: Winter, A & Siesser, W.G. (eds)" Coccolithophores", Cambridge University Press, p.
107-159.

•=========================114=========================

W. Wei: Seni<r synonyms ofChiasmolithus... , p. 115.

Journal ofNannoplankton Research, 16, 3, 1994.

SENIOR SYNONYMS OF CHIASMOLITHUS EXPANSUS ANDDISCOASTER DISTINCTUS
Wuchang Wei, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, USA
Examination of an early Russian paper (Shamrai &Lazareva, 1956) reveals that two of the frequently used
Eocene nannofossil species, Chiasmolithus expansus(Bramlette & Sullivan) Gartner (1970) and Discoasterdistinctus Martini (1958), are junior synonyms of
Cocco/ithus corticosus Shamrai & Lazareva andDiscoaster corniger Shamrai & Lazareva, respectively.
Shamrai & Lazareva ( 1956), was probably the second
paper (after Bramlette & Riedel, l954) to promote theapplication of calcareous nannofossils to stratigraphy.
However, most workers are apparently unaware of it; one
exception is Aubry ( 1984 ), who included D. corniger in
her overview with a note (p.223) that D. gemmifer, D.
distinctus and D. corniger were "closely related" . Both
Coccolithus corticosus and Discoaster corniger were
described from the middle Eocene, as were Chiasmo/ithus
expansus and Discoaster distinctus . Cocco/ithus
corticosus is an elliptical placolith with an X-shaped
central structure, characteristic ofthe genus Ch iasmolithus.
The species has a large central opening; the central X bars
are symmetric and curved in such a way that the central
part is more or less parallel to the long axis of theplacolith . These are characteristic features ofChiasmolithus expansus. Cocco/ithus corticosus is heretransferred to Chiasmolilhus, a genus that was established by Hay et al. (1966). Discoaster corniger has acentral knob; its arms bifurcate near the tips, with lateral
nodes close to the point of bifurcation. These features are
identical to those of D. distinctus.
Systematic palaeontology

Genus Chiasmolithus Hay, Mohler & Wade, 1966
Chiasmo/ithus corticosus (Shamrai & Lazareva) Wei,n. comb.
Coccolithus corticosus Shanvai & Lazareva, 1956, p. 712, pi. I, fig. I.
Coccolithus ~Upansus Bramlette & Sullivan, 1961 , p. 139, pi. I, figs. Sad; Sullivan, 1965, p. 32, pi. 2, figs. Sa-b.

Remarks: This species has a large central opening witha symmetric and curved central X structure. It is very

similar to Chiasmolithus grandis except that it lacks thetooth-like projections in the interareas between the crossbars.

Genus Discoaster Tan, 1927
Discoaster corniger Shamrai & Lazareva, 1956
Discoaster corniger Shamrai & Lazareva, 1956, p. 712, pi. I , fig. 7.
Discoaster distinctus Martini, 1958, p. 363, pi. 4, fig . 17a-b; Bramlette &Sullivan, 1961 , p. 159, pi. 11 , figs. ll-13.

Remarks: The species commonly has 6 arms. Each arm
bifurcates near the end, with paired lateral nodes just below
the bifurcation.
REFERENCES
Aubry M.-P. 1984: Handbook of Calcareous Nannoplankton.
Book I: Ortholithae (Discoasters). Micropaleontology
Press, New York, p. l-266.
Bramlette M. N. & Riedel W. R. 1954: Stratigraphic value of
discoasters and some other microfossils related to recent
coccolithophores. J. Paleontol. , 28, 385-403.
Bramlette M. N. & Sullivan F. R. 1961 : Coccolithophorids andrelated nannoplankton of the early Tertiary in California.
Micropaleontol., 1, 129-174.
Gartner S. 1970. Phylogenetic lineages in the lower Tertiary
coccolith genus Chiasmolithus. North Am. Paleontol.
Convention Sept .. 1969, Proc. 930-957.
Hay W. W. Mohler H. P. & Wade M. E. 1966: Calcareous
nannofossils from Nal 'chik (northwest Caucasus). Eclog.
Geol. Helv., 59, 379-399.
Martini E. 19 58: Discoasteriden und verwandte Formen im NWdeutschen Eozan (Coccolithophorida ). Senchenbergiana
Lethaea, 39, 358-388.
Shamrai I. A & Lazareva E. P. 1956 : Paleogenovye
Coccolithopboridae i ikh stratigraficheskoe machenie(Paleogene Coccolithophoridae and their stratigraphic
significance). Doklady Akad. Nauk SSSR, 108, 711-714.
Sullivan F. R. 1965: Lower Tertiary nannoplankton fro_m the
California Coast Ranges. ll Eocene. Univ. Calif. Pub/.
Geol. Sci., 53, 1-74.
TanS. H. 1927: Discoasteridae incertae sedis. Proc. Sect. Se. K.
Akad. Wet. Amsterdam, 30, 411-419.

===========================115============================

JoW11al ofNaJUJoplankton Research , 16, 3, 1994.

...

==========================116==========================

V. Rea/e. S. Monechi: Cyclogelosphaera wiedmannii new species..., p. 117- 119.

Journal ofNannoplankton Research, 16,3, 1994.

CYCLAGELOSPHAERA WIEDMANNII NEW SPECIES, A MARKER
FOR THE CALLOVIAN
Viviana Reale and Simonetta Monechi, Dipartimento di Scienze del/a Terra Via La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy.

During a biostratigraphic study of Middle-Upper Jurassic
calcareous nannofossils, several circular placoliths with acircular central area were observed. These placoliths are
similar to Cyc/agelosphaera deflandrei (Manivit, 1966)
Roth 1973 in shield structure and optical properties, but
are not as large, and have a different stratigraphic range(Callovian). Because of the different strati graphic range
and morphological features it is described here as a new
species: Cyclagelosphaera wiedmannii .
Moshkovitz & Ehrlich ( 1987) in a short notesummarize and elucidate the taxonomic problems anddistribution of Watznaueria manivitae Bukry 1973; they
define a neotype for W. manivitae and describe it as anelliptical to sub-elliptical placolith with an elliptical or
sub-elliptical central area. In the light microscope, between crossed nicols, the species is easily recognized by its
high birefringence colours. Large high birefringence circular placoliths with a circular central area are insteadreferred to C. dejlandre i. Unfortunately, due to systematic
confusion, the strati graphic ranges of these forms is notwell known; Moshkovitz and Ehrlich ( 1987) suggested
from literature data and their observ.iltions a range from
Callovian to Berrasian for W. manivitae and?Kimmeridgianffithonian - upwards for C. dejlandrei.
Recent biostratigraphic studies in France and Italy showthat the FO of W. manivitae is older than Callovian: thisevent has been recognized in the Lower Bajocian in the
Digne area (Erba 1990) and in the Aalenian in the Umbria
Marche Basin (Reale et al. 1992). The last occurrence ofW. manivitae is still uncertain.
During the examination ofDSDP Hole 534A(BlakeBahamas Basin), we found in the lower samples circular
placoliths with circular central areas and high birefringencecolours, that could be related to C. dejlandrei . However,these placoliths have a smaller size (8-9 Jlm) comparedwith the original description of Manivit ( 1966); total
diameter 12 Jlm; diameter of proximal shield 10 Jlm. Also
they have a restricted strati graphic range, being confinedto the Callovian. The different morphological features andthe different stratigraphic range has allowed us to define
the new species C. wiedmannii.
In order.to constrain the strati graphic range, welldated ammonite samples .have been investigated. In the
Quissac section, SE France (Bouder et al., 1993), the FO
was found at the base of the macrocephalus Zone in theLower Callovian.
ThefirstoccurrenceofC. wiedmanniihasbeenalso
recognized in the lower part ofDSDP Hole 534A (127-2,
30-31cm). Thiseventallowsus to assign an Early Callovian
age to the base of the Hole 534A. an older age thanpreviously reported by Roth ( 1983 ). The LO was recognized at DSDP Hole 534A just before the FO of
Stephano/ithion bigotii maximum, an event calibrated to
the Upper Callovian by Bown et al. (1988) and Gardin,( 1993 pers. comm.).

The FO and LO of C. wiedmannii have been also
found in other sections: in the Bihendula section, Somalia(Monechi & Reale, in prep.) and in the Valdorbia section,
Italy. The stratigraphic range of C. wiedmannii is quitedistinctive; because of its resistance to dissolution, it canbe recognized in unfavourable lithologies, where delicate
specimens are not preserved.
In our work we have also given attention to thestratigraphic range of C. dejlandrei in order to characterize its first occurrence. The preliminary results(Monechi& Reale in prep.) show the presence of few specimens in
the Tithonian of Valdorbia and DSDP Site I 05.
Systematic taxonomy
Cyclagelosphaera wiedmannii sp. nov.
Pl.l Figs.1-18

Diagnosis: A large (8-9J1m) circular, concavo-convex hishield placolith with a smallcircular central area
Description: A circular placolith with a rim composed oftwo shields: a bicyclic distal shield and a monocyclic
proximal shield. The outer cycle of the distal shield is thebroadest of the two and is composed of32 sub-rectangularelements joined along counterclockwise inclined sutures.
The inner cycle is composed of elements joined along
near-radial sutures and surrounds a small circular central
perforation sometimes closed by calcite crystals. In thelight microscope, between crossed nicols, this species iseasily recognized by its high birefringence.
Size: Diameter 8-9 Jlm.

..

Differentiation: C. wiedmannii is distinguished from C.
deflandrei by its smaller size, from C. margerelii (Noel1965) by its high birefringence colours and from C.
argoensis Bown ( 1992) by the lack of the third inner wallcycle in the distal shields.
Derivation of name: In honour of Prof. Jost Wiedmann
Holotype: 204/91(Pl.1 Fig.1) IGF 2912P: figures r~fer tofilm/frame number, they are stored in the Geological and
Palaeontological Museum of the University ofFlorence.
lsotypes: 510/91 , 220/24,25, 506/91 , 220/18, 19 (Pl.lFigs. 2,3,4,7,8,9,10).
1'ype locality: DSDP Hole 534A. Blake Bahamas Basin,
NW Atlantic Ocean.
Type level: 534A-25-3, 50-51cm; Callovian.
Occurrence: DSDP Site 534A(NW Atlantic), Valdorbia·==========================117==========================

V. Reale, S. Monechi: Cyclagelosphaera Wiedmannii new species. .., p. 117- 119.

Journal ofN81U!oplankton Research, 16, 3, 1994

section (Italy), Quissac section (SE France), Bihendula
section (Somalia).
Range: Callovian.
REFERENCES
Bouder Y., Dardeau G., Fauconnier D., Gardin S., Le Strat P.,
Marchand D. & Thierry J. , 1993: Essai de correlation
zonale entre Ammonites submediterraneennes,
dinotlage11es et nannofossiles calcaires: I' example duBathonien superieur - Ca11ovien inferieur de Quissac(Bordure Cevenole, Bass in du Sud Est de la France). In:
Int. Meet. on " Stratigraphic correlation of epicratonic
perytethyan basins", PICG 332, October 1993, Abstr.
Vol. , Bucharest.
Bown, P.R. , 1992: New Jurassic calcareous nannofossil taxa
from the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary interval of Sites
765 and 261 , Argo Abyssal Plain. Procs. ODP Sci. Res.,
113, 369-379.
Bown P.R. , Cooper M.K.E., & Lord A.R. 1988: A calcareous
nannofossil biozonation scheme for the early to mid
Mesozoic. News/. Stratigr., 20, 91-114.
Bukry D., 1973: Phytoplankton stratigraphy, central Pacific

Ocean, Deep Sea Dri11ing Project Leg 17. /RDSDP, 17,871-878.
Erba E.; 1990: Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of some
Bajocian sections from the Digne area (SE France).
Mem . Descr. Carta Geol. d 'Italia , 40, 237-255.
Manivit H., 1966: Sur quelques coccolithes nouveaux duNoocomien. C.r. Somm. Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr., 7, 267-268.
Moshkovitz S., and Ehrlich A. , 1987: Watzanueria manivitae
Bukry- Taxonomic problems and distribution in theJurassic-Lower Cretaceous sediments oflsrael and otherTethyan areas. INA News/., 9, 110-115.
Noel, D. 1965: " Sur les coccolithes du Jurassique Europeen etd 'Afrique du Nord. Essai declassification des coccolithes
fossiles" . Paris, Centre Nat. Rech. Sci., 209p.
Reale V., Baldanza A. , Monechi S., and Mattioli E., 1992:
Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphic events from the
Early-Middle Jurassic events sequences of the UmbriaMarche area (Central Italy). Proceed. of the INA Conf.
Firenze, Mem. Sci. Geol., 43, 41-76.
Roth P.H. , 1973: Calcareous nannofossils- Leg 17, Deep Sea
Dri11ing Project.IRDSDP, 17, 695-794.
Roth P.H., 1983: Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous calcareous
nannofossils in the western North Atlantic (site 534) :biostratigraphy, preservation, and some observations
on biogeography and paleoceanography. IRDSDP, 76,
587~22 .

Species

AuthorType size

Type age

C. margerelii

Noel 1965

3 . 11Jm .

C. argoonsis

Bown 1992

8.811mC. deftandrei(Manivit 1966) Roth 1973

1211m

Valanginian

C. weidmannii

Reale & Monechi 1994

911m

Callovian

W. manivitae

Bukry 1973

1311m

"U .Jurassic"

Age range

Size Range

Oxfordian

Baj-Maas<?811mTithonianbroad inner cycle Tith-Val

Other features(sub)- elliptical

6-11 .511m

Tith-Haut>?911mCallovian

8-911mAai- Berr>91Jm

Tabular Sununary ofCyclagelosphaera species..
PLATE1

All Light Microscope figures at 2800X
All SEM Microscope figures at 4850 X
Figs.1-18: Cyclagelosphaera wiedmannii sp. nov. 1. Holotype SEM distal view 204/91 IGF 2912P; sampleDSDP 534A125-3, 50-51 cm;. 2,7-8. (2) lsotype -~EM distal view 510/91; (7-8) LM cross-polarized (Xp) and bright-field (Bf) 220/24-25; sample 534A-125-3, 50-51 cm. 3, 9-10. (3) lsotype SEM distal view, 506/91; (9-10) LM Xp and Bf, 220/18-19,
sample DSDP 534A-125-3, 50-51 cm. 4. Isotype SEM distal view 208/91, sample DSDP 534A-125-3, 50.:51cm. 5. SEM
distal view 310/91, sample i>SDP 534A-125-6, 84-85cm. 6. SEM distal view 410/91, sample DSDP 534A-125-6, 84.,
85cm. 11-12. LM Xp and Bf, 220/10-11, sampleDSDP 534A-125-6, 84-85cm. 13-14. LM Xpand Bf220/4-5, Bihendula
section sample Fl3. 15-16. LM Xp and Bf, 22018-9, Bihendula section sample Gl. 17-18. LM Xp and Bf, 218/24-25,
Valdorbia section sample CV74.

====================================== 118 =====================================

V. Rea/e, S. Monechi: Cyciagelosphoera wiedmannii new species; .. , p. 117 - 119.

Journal ofNannoplankton Research, 16, 3, 1994 ·

1

2

3

4

5

6

..

9

10

12

13

14

16

17

18

7

8

11

'15

==========================119==========================

Journal ofNannoplankton Research, 16, 3, 1994.

...

==========================~ 1 20==========================~

M.Covington: New taxa from the Niobrara Formation..., p. 121- 131.

Journal ofNannop1ankton Research, 16, 3, 1994.

NEW TAXA FROM THE NIOBRARA FORMATION(UPPER CRETACEOUS) OF KANSAS, USA
Mitch Covington, Department of Geology, Florida State University, Ta/lahassee, FL 32302 USA
Introduction
Intervals with well preserved nannofossils were studied
from the Upper Turonian - Lower Campanian Niobrara
Formation of northwestern Kansas, USA. Extensive scanning electron microscopy of the samples yielded several
new taxa, clusters of monospecific coccoliths which represent collapsed coccospheres, and the first truly cylindrical'coccosphere' published from the fossil record. Covington( 1985) provides discussion on the study area, clusters, andcylindrical forms. The purpose of this paper is to describe
the new species observed in the study. New taxa describedhere include one genus, Watkinsia, and four species,
Watkinsiapedalion,Biscutumdekaenelii,Biscutumzulloi,
and Rotelapil/us applegatei.
All type material is deposited at the Department of
Geology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida,
U.S.A.
Acknowledgments
David K. Watkins suggested the study and was helpful inmany other aspects of the ~ !udy. S. W. Wise provided lab
facilities and guidance. Richard Pollastro (USGS, Denver,Co.) provided use of the SEM. Eric de Kaenel was helpful
with taxonomy and review of the manuscript. Jeremy
Young is responsible for resurrecting this portion of athesis project and, with Jackie Burnett, was helpful inreviewing the manuscript. Thanks to these and many
more.
Systematic palaeontology
Biscutum zulloi, new species(Plate I, figures 1-~)
Derivation of name: In honour of the late Dr. Victor
Zullo, University of North Carolina at Wilmington.
Diagnosis: A species of Biscutum distinguished by adouble ro'Yof obliquely oriented overlapping laths bordering the central area margin, and by its long cylindricalcoccosphere.
Description: .The distal rim is of typical Biscutum typewith about 30 petaloid elements. The central area isrelatively wide accounting for approximately 52% of thewidth and 67% of the length.
The outermost cycle of central area elements is adouble row of obliquely oriented overlapping elements
which forms a distinct ridge around the perimeter of thelarge central area. This ''collar'' is distinct in both phase
contrast and cross-polarized light. Inside this collar is anirregular cycle ofblocky elements. The specimens in Plate
1, figures 1 & 3, illustrate wide variation in this cycle ofblocky elements; this variation is probably a function ofpreservation. On well preserved specimens, a small knob
occurs in the centre of the central area.

Biscutum zulloi is the only species of
Palaeopontosphaera or Biscutum observed to form a truly
cylindrical coccosphere (further discussion in Covington,1985). Other non-spherical coccospheres have been ovoid
to subcylindrical in shape (Plate 1, figures 6 & 7).
Remarks: de Kaenel & Bergen (1993) present a revisedclassification of the Jurassic Biscutaceae based on
ultrastructural characteristics, in particular the nature ofcycles around the central area/rim margin. Following
them species with a discrete birefringent inner wall cycle
should be placed in Pa/aeopontosphaera. B. zu/loi falls
within their concept of Palaeopontosphaera, however,
applying their scheme to the Late Cretaceous would
require a wide-ranging revision of the taxonomy of the
Biscutaceae, which is beyond the scope of this paper.
Size: The coccoliths of the holotype measure approximately 4.4 by 5.5 11m along the short and long axes
respectively of the distal shield. Including the collar, thecentral area is 2.3 by 3.7 Jlm. Cylindricalcoccospheres thatare known to be complete (closed at the ends) have notbeen observed. The longest specimen found in this study
was approximately 35 J.lm.
Occurrence: Rare to common throughout the Niobrara
Formation (Upper Turonian - Lower Campanian).
Holotype: Plate 1, figures l-3 .
Paratype: Plate l, figures 4-5.
Type locality: Location 18 (Hattin, 1982 ), sample 18/ll827, Smoky Hill Member of the Niobrara Formation,
northwestern Kansas, Western Interior, U.S.A.

Biscutum dekaenelii, new species(Plate 2, figures 5-6)
Genus and species indet., Wise & Wind, 1977; Plate 28, figure 6.

Derivation of name: In honour of Dr. Eric de Kaenel.
Diagnosis: A species of Biscutum with a central areaspanned by a hollow granular cross.
Description: The distal rim of the holotype is composedof 20 petaloid elements. The elements form a steep wallaround the central area, which is bordered by a narrowledge of laths that imbricate clockwise and are roughly
equal in number to the rim elements. The central area
accounts for approximately 50% of the total width of thecoccolith, and 60% of the length. The coarsely granularbars ofthe cross originate from below the ledge oflaths and=========================121==========================

I
Journal ofNannoplankton Research, 16,3, 1994.

gradually rise distally, forming a hollow knob. The bars
are aligned with the long and short axes of the coccolith.
Remarks: On two occasions. these rare coccoliths were
found in association with clusters of Boletuvelum (Plate 2,
figures 1-6), which is also rare. Though further documentation is necessary, this association raises the possibility
that the two coccolith types may have originally belonged
to the same cell. Wise and Wind ( 1977; Plate 28, figure 6)
illustrate a specimen of B. dekaenelii which they list as''Genus and species indet.' ', from a Maastrichtian DSDP
Sample from the Falkland Plateau. On their range chart,
the same sample contained rare specimens of Boletuvelum
candens.
Size: Holotype: Approximately 5 11m long and 3.3 11m
wide.

M.Covington: Newtaxafromthe Niobrara Fonnation... , p. 121- 131.

a bedding plane would seemingly rule out overgrowth as
the cause of their basic differences. Other species illustrated show no significant signs of intense overgrowth.
Derivation of name. This subspecies is named in honour
of Joseph Applegate, Florida State University Nannofossil
Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida.
Occurrence. Few to common in a very short interval
within the Santonian of the Niobrara Formation of Kansas, Western Interior, North America.
Size. Holotype: Approximately 2. 7 J.lm across the proximal base, and 3 J.lm across the widest, most distal part of
the rim. Distal ends of stems (rosettes) of two paratypes(Plate 3, figure 7, bottom left) measured 1.6 11m across.
Holotype. Plate 3, figure 7 (middle).

Occurrence: Rare in the upper Coniacian -lower Santonianof the Smoky Hill Member of the Niobrara Formation,
Western Interior, North America.
Holotype: Plate 2, figure 5. Same specimen is viewed atlower magnification in Plate 2, figures 3 and 6 in the lower
right of the photograph.
Type locality: Location 12, Marker Unit 5 (Hattin, 1982),
Smoky Hill Member of the Niobrara Formation, northwestern Kansas, Western Interior, U.S.A.

Rotelapillus applegatei new species
Plate 3, figures 2-9
Diagnosis: A species of Rotelapillus distinguished by its
robust radial bars and stem.
Differentiation: The outer rim of R. ellipticum and R.
applegatei are nearly identical, but the radial bars of R.
applegatei fill, or nearly fill, the entire central area to thepoint that the bars are sometimes barely discernible.
Where the stem of R. e/lipticum is fragile to the point that
it is rarely preserved intact, the stem of R. applegatei isvery robust and often 80% as wide as the basket-shaped
rim. The distal end of the stem is terminated by a rosetteof 8 imbricate petals, resembling specimens of
Rucinolithus.Because of its robust stem, R. applegatei isusually observed in side view in the light microscope,whereas C. el/ipticum and other members of Rotelapillus
are nearly always seen in proximal or distal view. In side
view, C. applegatei resembles a flat-topped mushroom,and often the distal rosette and the sutures between rim
elements may be distinguished.
Remarks: The specimens are somewhat overgrown and it
is conceivable that the differences between the species may
be an artifact of overgrowth. Plate 3, figure 2, however,illustrates a cluster of C. applegatei with several specimens of C. ellipticum (upper right). The micrograph is ofa fractured surface of chalk broken parallel to bedding,and the coccoliths have presumably experienced the same
diagenetic history. The association of both subspecies on

Paratypes. Similar specimens in Plate 3, figures 2-8.
Type locality. Location 12, Marker Unit 5 (Hattin, 1982),
Smoky Hill Member of the Niobrara Formation, Northwestern Kansas, Western Interior, North America.

Watkinsia, new genus
Type species: Watkinsia pedalion new species
Derivation of name. In honour of Dr. David K. Watkins,
Department of Geology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln,
Nebraska.
Diagnosis: A large, flat nannofossil that resembles therudder or centreboard ofa sail boat. The assumed proximal
end is thickened in a plane perpenciicular to the flat ''fin''.
In cross-polarized light, the entire specimen goes into
extinction as one unit.
Remarks: This oddly shaped nannofossil has no discernible elements and is somewhat irregular in outline. It
seems highly susceptible to overgrowth and is difficult todistinguish in the light microscope; it appears to be a flat
simple piece of calcite. At present, this is a monospecificgenus. It is possible that these are holococcoliths, withovergrowth having destroyed the original crystallite
ultrastructure.

Watkinsia pedalion new species
Plate 4, figures 1-4
Derivation of name. From 1m&x.A.wv (Greek)- rudder.
Description: In side view, this taxon resembles the centreboard or rudder of a sailboat. In assumed proximal
view, it exhibits an elliptical base. The base has a convex
central area, surrounded by a flat rim, the width of which
is approximately 22% of the total width of the short axisof the base. There are no discernible elements forming the=========================122==========================

I

M.Covington: New taxa from the Niobrara Formatioo..., p. 121 - 131 .

Journal ofNannoplanklon Research, 16, 3, 1994.

base. The "rudder" projects perpendicularly from theplane of thebase. It flattens and thins distally and exhibits
an irregular outline when viewed in a plane parallel to thebase.

Type locality: Location 18 (Hattin, 1982), 11 meters
below Bed 27 (Sample 18/11-827), Smoky Hill Memberof the Niobrara Formation, northwestern Kansas, Westem Interior, North America.

Remarks: When observed in side view under the lightmicroscope, the irregular outline and lack ofa distinguishing interference pattern make this species appear as a flatpiece of calcite (Plate 4, figure 4) and hence, difficult to
identify. It goes extinct as a unit in cross-polarized light.

REFERENCES
Covington, J. M., 1985: New morphologic infonnation on
Cretaceous nannofossils from the Niobrara Fonnationof Kansas. Geology, 13, 683-686.
de Kaenel, E., & Bergen, J. A., 1993: New Early and Middle
Jurassic coccolith taxa and biostratigraphy from theeastern proto- Atlantic (Morocco, Portugal, and DSDP
Site 547B). Eclog. Geol. Helv. 8613, 861-907.
Hattin, D. E., 1982: Stratigraphy and depositional environmentof Smoky Hill Chalk Member, Niobrara Chalk (Upper
Cretaceous) of the type area, western Kansas. Kansas
Geol. Sun•. Bull., 22,108pp.
Wise, S. W., & Wind, F. H., 1977: Mesozoic and Cenozoic
calcareous nrumofossils recovered by DSDP Leg 36
drilling on the Falkland Plateau, southwest Atlantic
sector of the Southern Ocean. IRDSDP, 36, 269-491.

Occurrence: Rare to few in the Santonian of the Niobrara
Formation of northwestern Kansas, Western Interior,

U.S.A. .
Size: Holotype: 15 Jlm across the base, 21 Jlm along theaxis perpendicular to the base, and 10 Jlm (mean) acrossthe flat "rudder".
Holotype: Plate 4, figures 1-2.
Paratypes: Plate 4, figure 3.

=========================123=========================

Jownal ofNarmoplankton Research, 16, 3, 1994.

M.Covington: New taxa from the Niobnra Fonnation..., p. 121 - 131 .

PLATE 1
Fig. l Scale bar= 10 J.lm; Figs. 2-3, 6-7, Scale bar= 1 J.lm
1-5:

Biscutum zulloi, n. sp.; (1) cylindrical coccosphere; note orderly, spiral arrangement of coccoliths; Sample
18/11-827. (2) same specimen tilted 60°, end view. (3) same specimen, close up. (4) cylindrical coccosphere;
phase contrast; Sample 20/8-Ml5; X2300. (5) same specimen; cross-polarized light.

6-7:

Biscutum constans (G6rka); (6) subcylindrical form; Sample 24/16-859. (7) same specimen tilted 45°; arrows
point to smaller, simpler end-forming coccoliths.

==========================124========================~

I

Journal ofN111110plankton Research, 16,3, 1994.

I

M.Covington: New taxa from the Niobrara Formation..., p. 121 - 131.

PLATE2
Fig.1 , Scale bar= 10 J.lm; Figs. 2-6, Scale bar= 1 J.lm
1-4: Bo/etuve/um candens Wind and Wise; ( 1) distal views; Sample 21 fl5- TSH. (2) side view; Sample 21/25-TSH. (3)side view; Sample 12/M5. (4) side view showing interior of the spine and distal view of coccolith (with spine
broken away?).
5-6: Biscutum dekaenelii , n. sp., (5) distal view; Sample 12/M5. (6) same specimen in lower right with additional
specimen in upper left, associated with Bo/etuvelum specimens.

i'========================126========================~

Journal ofNannoplankton Research, 16, 3, 1994.

M.Covington: New taxa from the Niobrara Formation... , p. 121 - 131.

PLATE3All specimen from Sample l2/M5
Fig. 2, Scale bar= lO 11m; Figs. l, 8-9, Scale bar= l 11m
All light micrographs x 2200
1: Rotelapil/us el/ipticum Bukry, Proximal and distal views.
2-9: Rotelapil/usapplegatei, n. sp., (2)proximal, distal,andsideviews;arrowpointstoR. ellipticum. (3)phasecontrast;side view. (4) same specimen; cross-polarized light. (6) different specimen; cross-polarized light. (7) proximaland distal views; note Rucinolithus-like stem ends (arrows). (8) side views. (9) proximal, distal, and side views.

=========================128==========================

I
Journal ofNarmoplankton Research, 16, 3, 1994.

M.Covington: New taxa from the Niobrara Fonnation..., p. 121 - 131.

PLATE4All specimens from Sample 18/11-B27
Figs. 1-3, Scale bar= 10 11m

1-4: Watkinsia pedalion, n. gen., ( 1) holotype, proximal(?) view, tilted 60°.; (2) same specimen, side view; (3) Side viewof two paratypes; (4) cross-polarized light.

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-"'

==========================133==========================~

1

Journal ofNBIUloplankton Research, 16, 3, 1994.

AS096

W. G. Siesser: Calcareous nannoplankton bibliography 24, p.133 - 140.

EHRENDORFER, T.

1994

Syst.
CRET.U.
IndianAtlantic S.

1994

Strat.; Ecol.
CRET.L.

1994

Strat. ;(Syst.);
Sedim.

The calcareous nannofossil species Nephrolithus frequens G6rka ( 19S7) and its morphotypes.
+ J. Paleontol., 68(2): 191-200.

AS097

ERBA, E.
Nannofossils and superplumes: the early Aptian " nannoconid crisis".
+ Paleoceanography, 9(3): 483-SOI.

AS098

GARD, G. & CRUX, J.A
Reworked Jurassic-Neogene calcareous nannofossils in the central Arctic.
• Mar. Geol., 119: 287-300.

JURA-TERT.U
Arctic
AS099

HECK. S.E. van
The ICBN things you need to know- 10.
+ J. Nannoplankton Res., 16(2): SS-S8.

1994

Syst.

AS lOO

HINE, N.M.
Calcareous nannoplankton assemblages from the Thanet Formation in Bradwell Borehole,Essex, England.
• GFF, 116: S4-SS .

1994

Strat.
TERT.L.
Europe W.

ASIOI

JANIN, MC. & BIGNOT, G.

1993

Strat.
TERT.L.
Europe W.

1994

Syst.
LIVINGNew biostratigraphical subdivision of the Thanetian from Paris Basin based on calcareous
nannofossils.
• C. R. Acad. Sci., Ser. ll Mec. Phys, 317(7): 927-934 .
AS 102JORDAN, R & KLEIJNE, A
A classification system for living coccolithophores.
• In: Winter, A. & Siesser, W.G. (Eds.), Coccolithophores. Cambridge Univ. Press,
Cambridge, pp. 83- lOS.

AS 103KAENEL, E. de & BERGEN, J.A
New Early and Middle Jurassic coccolith taxa and biostratigraphy from the eastern
proto-Atlantic (Morocco, Portugal and DSDP Site S47B).
• Eclogae Geol. Helv., 86(3): 861-907.

1993(Strat. );Syst.
JURA.L.-M.
Africa N.

AS104

KAWACID, M, INOUYE, 1., MAEDA, 0. & CHIHARA, M.
The haptonema as a food-capturing device - observations on Chrysochromulina - Hirta(Prymnesiophyceae ).
+ Phycologia, 30(6): S63-S73 .

1991

Bioi.
LivingAS 1OSKENNEDY, W.J., HANSOTTE, M, BILOTTE, M, & BURNETT, J.
Ammonites and nannofossils from the Campanian ofNaizen (Ariege, France).
• Geobios, 2S(2): 263-277.

1992(Strat.)CRET.U.
EuropeW.

AS106

KIEN"EL, U.,
On the stratigraphical age of the White Chalk on the Isle of Rugen by means ofcalcareous nannofossils (lower Maastrichtian).
·• Berliner Geowiss. Abh., (E)9: 4S-SS.
(In German with English abstract)

1993

Strat. ;(Syst.)
CRET.U.
Europe W.

KIENEL, U., ANSORGE, J., & SCHAFER, H.

1993

Strat.
TERT.L.
Europe W.

1994(Strat.)
TERT.L.
Europe W.

AS107

Danian bryozoan limestone as building stone in the former St. Katharine monastery of
Rostok, with special emphasis on calcareous nannofossils (coccoliths).
• Arch. Geshiebekde, 1(7): 371-378.
AS!08

KNOX, R W. O'B., HINE, N. M, & ALl, J.R
New information on the age and sequence stratigraphy of the type Thanetian of southeast
England.
• Newsl. Stratigr., 30( 1): 4S-60.

==========================134==========================

W G. Siesser: Calcareous nannoplanklon bibliography 24, p.l33- 140.

Journal ofNannoplanJcton Research, 16, 3, 1994.

-----------------------------------A5109 LAMOLDA. M.A., GOROSTIDI. A, PAUL, C.RC.
Strat.
1994&
Quantitative estimates of calcareous nannofossil changes across the Plenus Marls(latest Cenomanian), Dover, England- implications for the generation of the
Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event.
• Cret. Res., 15(2): 143-164.

CRET.U.
Europe W.

ASIIO

LIDZ, B.R & BRALOWER, T.J.
Microfossil biostratigraphy of prograding Neogene platform margin carbonates, Bahamas:
age constraints and alternatives.
• Mar. Micropaleontol., 23: 265-344.

1994(Strat.);(Syst.)TERT.U.
Atlantic C.

AS! I!

MAl, R, ROMEIN, T., & WILLEMS, R
Coccosphere of a rare nannofossil species: Biantholithus sparsus Bramlette and Martini, 1964 .
• Mar. Micropaleontol, 24: 1-2.

1994

(Syst.)
KffBDY
Europe W.

A5112

MERLO,RA
1994
Cretaceous calcareous nannofossils from the Betic Cordillera (southern Spain). Biostratigraphy.
• Dept. Estratig. y Paleontol., Univ. Granada, Spain. 413 pp.
(In Spanish with English abstract)

Strat.;
Syst. ; Ecol.
CRET.L.-U.
Europe W.

A5113

MISRA, C.M., KUMAR, A. PRASAD, B., PUNDIR, B.S., & SAXENA. RK.
A note on the bioevents across the Kff transition in the well Modi-A, Krishna-Godavari
Basin, India.
+ Geosci. J., IS( I): 33-36.

1994

Strat.
KffBDY;TERT.L.

A5114

MUTTERLOSE, J.
Late Valanginian calcareous nannofossils from central Europe and their biogeographic
significance.
• Zitteliana, 20: 15-24.

1993

Strat. ;(Syst.)
CRET.L.
Europe W-E

AS liS

NIEL, B. van
Scanning electron micrographs of the genus Kokia (incertae sedis).
· • J. Nannoplankton Res., 16(2): 75-77.

1994

Syst.
CRET.L.

A5116

NIMER, N.A, BROWNLEE, C., & MERRETT, M.J.
Carbon dioxide availability, intracellular pH and growth rate of the coccolithophore
Emiliania huxleyi.
• Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 109(2-3): 257-262 .

1994

Bioi.; Ecol.
LIVING

A5117

PIENAAR, RN.
Ultrastructure and calcification of coccolithophores.
• In: Winter, A & Siesser, W.G. (Eds.), Coccolithophores. Cambridge Univ. Press,
Cambridge, pp. 13-37.

1994

Bioi.
LIVING

A5118

ROBERTSON, J.E., ROBINSON, C., TURNER, D.R, HOLLIGAN, P., WATSON, AJ., 1994
BOYD, P., FERNANDEZ, E., & FINCH, M.
The impact of a coccolithophore bloom on oceanic carbon uptake in the northeast Atlantic
dl!fing the summer 1991 .
• Deep-Sea Res. I, 41(2): 297-314.

Ecol.
LIVING

A5119

ROTH,P.R
Distribution of coccoliths in oceanic sediments.
• In: Winter, A & Siesser, W.G .. (Eds.), Coccolithophores. Cambridge Univ. Press,
Cambridge, pp. 199-218.

1994

Ecol.;Diag.;
Sedim.
QUAT.
Worldwide

A5120

SALIS PERCH-NIELSEN, K. vonCalcareous nannofossil stratigraphy - various applications.
• 2nd Baltic Stratigr. Conf., Vilnius. Baltic Stratigr. Assn., p. Ill .

1993

Abst.
Strat.
ruRA-QUAT.
Worldwide

ASi21

SAVITSKA YA. N.
Correlation of middle-upper Eocene sediments in the Kiev Pre Dnieper region by
dinocysts and nannoplankton.
+ 2nd Baltic Stratigr. Conf., Vilnius. Baltic Stratigr. Assn., p. 92.

1993

Abst.
Strat.
TERT.L.
"USSR"/CIS

;..

.;,

========================~135========================~

SAXENA, R.K & MISRA, C.M.
Time and duration of Deccan volcanism in Razole area, Krishna Godavari Basin, India.
• Current Sci., 66(1): 74-76.

1994

SCHMITZ, B.
The Paleocene Epoch- stratigraphy, global change and events.
• GFF, 116: 39-41 .

1994

A5124

SIESSER. W.G.
Historical backgroWld of coccolithophore studies.
• In: Winter, A & Siesser, W.G. (Eds.), Coccolithophores. Cambridge Univ. Press,
Cambridge, pp. 1-11 .

1994

Overview

A5125

SIESSER. W.G.
Bibliography and taxa of calcareous nannoplankton- 23 .
• J. Nannoplankton Res., 16(2): 87-94.

1994

Bibl.

A5126

SIESSER. W.G. & WINTER. A.
Composition and morphology of coccolithophore skeletons.
+In: Winter, A & Siesser, W.G. (Eds.), Coccolithophores. Cambridge Univ. Press,
Can1bridge, pp. 51-62.

1994

Morph.;(Syst.)A5127

STEINMETZ, J.C.
Sedimentation of coccolithophores.
• In: Winter, A & Siesser, W.G. (Eds.), Coccolithophores. Cambridge Univ. Press,
Cambridge, pp. 179-197.

1994

Sedim.;Diag.
LIVING;
Quat.

A5128

STEINMETZ, J.C.
Stable isotopes in modem coccolithophores.
• In: Winter, A & Siesser, W.G. (Eds.), Coccolithophores. Cambridge Univ. Press,
Can1bridge, pp. 219-229.

1994

lsot.
LIVING

A5129

STOECHER. D.K, SIERACKI, M.E., VERITY, P.G., MICHAELS, A. E., HAUGEN,E., 1994
BURKILL, P.H., & EDW ARDS, E.S.
Nanoplankton and protozoan during the JGOFS North Atlantic Bloom
Experiment- 1989 and 1990.
• J. Mar. Bioi. Assn. UK, 74(2): 427-444 .

Ecol.
LIVING

A5130

THOMSEN, E.
Calcareous nannofossil stratigraphy across the Danian-Selandian boWldary in Denmark.
• GFF, 116: 65-67.

1994

A5131

TOMAS, C.R. (Ed.)
Marine phytoplankton. A guide to naked flagellates and coccolithophorids.
• Academic Press, San Diego. 263 p.

1993

Overview

A5132

TOWNSEND, D.W., KELLER. M.D., HOLLIGAN, P.M., ACKLESON, S.G., &BALCH,W.M.
Blooms of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi with respect to hydrography in the
Gulf of Maine.
• Cont. ShelfRes., 14(9): 979-1000.

1994

Ecol.
LIVING
AmericaN.

A5133

VAN OS, B.J.IL, LOURENS., LJ., HILGEN, F.J., & DE LANGE, G.J.
The formation ofPliocene sapropels and carbonate cycles in the Mediterranean: diagenesis,
dilution, and productivity.
• Paleoceanography, 9(4 ): 60 1-617.

1994

Strat.;
Diag.

A5122

A5123

A5134

A5135

AsiaS.
Strat.

TERT.L.

Strat.

TERT.L.
Europe W.

TERT.U.
Mediterr.

VAROL, 0.
1992
Taxonomic revision of the Polycyclolithaceae and its contribution to Cretaceous biostrntigraphy.
• News!. Stratig., 27(3): 93-127.
VERGNAUD-GRAZZINI, C., CAPOTONDI, L, & LOURENS, L
A refined Pliocene to early Pleistocene chronostratigraphic frame at ODP Hole 653A
(west Mediterranean).
• Mar. Geol., 117: 329-349.

Strat.

CRET.U.

1994~,,

Strat.; Syst.

CRET.L.-U.
Worldwide
Strat.

TERT.L.;QUAT.

==========================136==========================

A5136

WEI, W.

1994(Strat.)
TERT. ;
CRET.L.

Age conversion table for different time scales.
+ J. Nannoplankton Res., 16(2): 71-73.
A5137

WINTER, A. & SIESSER, W.G.
Atlas of living coccolithophores.
+ In: Winter, A & Siesser, W.G. (Eds.), Coccolithophores. Cambridge Univ. Press,
Cambridge, pp. 107-159.

1994(Syst.);Ecol.
LIVINGWorldwide

A5138

WINTER, A., JORDAN, R. W. & ROTH, P.H.
Biogeography of living coccolithophores in ocean waters.
+ In: Winter, A & Siesser, W.G. (Eds.), Coccolithophores. Cambridge Univ. Press,
Cambridge, pp. 161-177.

1994

Ecol.
LIVINGWorldwide

YOUNG, J.R.

1994

Bioi.; Ecol.

A5139

Functions of coccoliths.
+ In: Winter, A & Siesser, W.G. (Eds.), Coccolithophores. Cambridge Univ. Press,
Cambridge, pp. 63-82

CALCISPHERES
A5140

KEUPP, R & KIENEL, U.
Wall structures of Pithonelloidea (calcareous dinoflagellates ): biomineralization andsystematic consequences.
+ Abh. Geol. B.-A , 50: 197-217.
(In German with English abstract)

1994

Syst.; Bioi.
CRET.L.-U.
EuropeW.

A5141

KIENEL, U.
The development of the calcareous nannofossils and of the calcareous dinoflagellate cysts
across the Cretaceousffertiary boundary in western Brandenburg for comparison withsections in northem Jutland and Seeland (Denmark).
+ Berliner Geowiss. Abh., E 12: 1-87.
(In German with English abstract)

1994

Strat.; Syst.;
Bioi.
KffBDY
Europe W.

A5142

STRAUSS, C., ELSTNER, F., DU CHENE, R.J., MUTTERLOSE, J., REISER, R &BRANDT,K.-R

1993(Strat.);(Syst.)
CRET.L.
Europe W.

1993

Syst.
TERT.L.;
QUAT.
Europe W.
Mediterr. ·New microplaeontological and palynological evidence on the stratigraphic position of the"German Wealden" in NW-Germany.
+ Zitteliana, 20: 38940 I .
A5143

VERSTEEGH, G.J.M.
New Pliocene and Pleistocene calcareous dinoflagellate cysts from southern Italy and Crete.
• Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., 78: 353-380.

OTHER TITLES
A5144

BOOTH, B.C.
Book Review - Marine phytoplankton. A guide to naked flagellates and coccolithophorids.
• Lirnnol. Oceanogr., 39(4): 982-983 .

1994

Review

A5145

FIRTH,J.
Ocean Drilling Program news.
• J. Nannoplankton Res., 16(2): 54-55.

1994

ReportYOUNG,J.R

1994

ReportA5146

News and gossip.
+ J. Nannoplankton Res., 16(2): 50-54.

==========================137==========================

Jownal ofNannoplankton Research, 16, 3, 1994.

W G. Siesser: Calcareous nannoplankton bibliography 24, p. l33- 140.

------------------------------------Bl80

TAXA
Biscutum BLACK 1959 emend. KAENEL & BERGEN 1993, pp. 885-886.
Biscutum criotum (BOWN 1987) KAENEL & BERGEN 1993, pp. 888-889; (ex Discorhabdus).
Biscutum profimdum KAENEL & BERGEN 1993, pp. 887-888, pi. 3, figs. 6, 7, 9, 10.
Western Europe and Morocco; middle Toarcian to lower Bajocian.
Biscutum striatum (MOSHKOVITZ & EHRLICH 1976) KAENEL & BERGEN 1993, p. 889;
(ex Discorhabdus ).
Bussoniaceae GOY 1981 emend. KAENEL & BERGEN 1993, p. 890.
Diloma galiciense BERGEN 1994, p. 61 , pi. 1, figs. 13a-c, 14a-c. Cosmopolitan; lower Hauterivian
to lower Barremian.
Discorhabdus NOtL 1965 emend. KAENEL & BERGEN 1993, pp. 883-884.
Discorhabdus novus (GOY 1979) KAENEL & BERGEN 1993, pp. 884-885; (ex Biscutum).
Eprolithus eptapetalus VAROL 1992, p. I 04, pi. I, figs. 2-4; pi. 6, figs. 8-13. Worldwide; upper
Cenomanian to lower Coniacian.
Eprolitlms octopetalus VAROL 1992, p. I 04, pi. I , figs. 5-10; pi. 6, figs. 14-15. Worldwide; upper
Cenomanian to lower Turonian.
Eprolithus rarus VAROL 1992, pp. 104-105, pi. I , fig. I ; pi. 6, fig. 7. North Sea and Angola;
middle to upper Toronian.
Farhania VAROL 1992, pp. I 05-106. Type species: Eprolithus varolii JAKUBOWSKI 1986.
Farhania varolii (JAKUBOWSKI 1986) VAROL 1992, p. 106; (ex Eprolithus).
Grantarhabdus quadratus (WORSLEY 1971) BERGEN 1994, p. 61 (ex Watznaueria ).
Hexalithus strictus BERGEN 1994, pp. 61 , 63 , pi. 1, figs. la-b, 2a-b. DSDP Site 534 andSE France; lower Berriasian.
Lithastrinus STRADNER 1962 emend. VAROL 1992, p. I 06.
Lithastn'nus pentabrachiatus VAROL 1992, p. 107, pi. I , fig. 15; pi. 6, figs . 3-4. Sudan andAngola; lower to upper Campanian.
Lucianorhabdus salomonii BERGEN 1994, p. 63, pi. I , figs. 17a-b, 18a-b. DSDP Site 534
and SE France; upper Barremian to upper Aptian.
Markalius vetulus BERGEN 1994, p. 63 , pi. I , figs . 22a-b, 23a-b. DSDP Site 534 andSE France; lower Valanginian.
Mazaganella BOWN 1987 emend. KAENEL & BERGEN 1993, pp. 890-891 .
Palaeopontosphaera NOtL 1965 emend. KAENEL & BERGEN 1993, pp. 879-880.
Palaeopontosphaera dubia NOtL 1965 emend. KAENEL & BERGEN 1993, pp. 881-882.
Palaeopontosphaerp grande (BOWN 1987) KAENEL & BERGEN 1993, p. 882; (ex Biscutum).
Percivalia bullata BERGEN 1994, p. 63, pi. 1, figs 4a-b, 5a-b, 6a-b. DSDP Site 534 andSE France; upper Berriasian to lower Hauterivian.
Pickelhaube umbellatum BERGEN 1994, pp. 63-64, pi. 1, figs. 19a-c, 20a-b, 21a-b.
DSDP Site 534 and SE France; lower Valanginian.
Polycyclolithaceae FORCHHEIMER 1972 emend. VAROL 1992, pp. 101-102.
Quadrum PR.INS & PERCH-NIELSEN in MANIVIT ET AL. 1977 emend. VAROL 1992, p. 108.
Quadrum eneabrachium VAROL 1992, p. 108, pi. 2, fig. 8; pi. 7, figs. 6-7. Worldwide; middle
Albian to lower Santonian.
Quadrum eptabrachium VAROL 1992, p. 108, pi. 2, fig. 6; pi. 7, fig. 4. Worldwide; Turonian to
low~r Santonian.
Quadrum giganteum VAROL 1992, p. 109, pi. 2, figs. 9-12; pi. 7, figs. 8-9. Angola, Gabon, Ecuador,
Peru, and Columbia; lower Turonian to lower Santonian.
Quadrum intennedium VAROL 1992, p. 110, pi. 2, figs. 3-5; pi. 7, fig. 3. Worldwide; lower to
middle Turonian.
Quadrum octobrachium VAROL 1992, p. 110, pi. 2, fig. 7; pi. 7, fig. 5. Worldwide; upper Cenomanian
to lower Turonian.
Radiolithus STOVER 1966 emend. VAROL 1992, pp. I 10-111.
Radiolithus hollandicus VAROL 1992, p. 111 - 112, pi. 3, figs. 9-14; pi. 5, figs. 7-13. Worldwide;
upper Aptian to upper Albian.
Radiolithus laingii VAROL 1992, p. 112, pi. 3, figs. 2-3; pi. 5, fig. 4. Northwestern Europe andNorth Sea; upper Aptian to upper Albian.
Radiolithus orbiculatus (FORCHHEIMER 1972) VAROL 1992, p. 112; (ex Polycyclolithus).
Radiolithus undosus (BLACK 1973) VAROL 1992, p. I 13; (ex Rhombogyrus).
Reinhardtites scutula BERGEN 1994, p. 64, pi. I, figs. 24a-c, 25a-b. Cosmopolitan;
mid-Hauterivian to Santonian.
Reticulofenestra lacunosa (GARTNER 1969 ex KAMPTNER 1963) YOUNG 1990, p.83;~'l'(ex Pseudoemiliania).
Reticulofenestra lacuno,sa (GARTNER 1969 ex KAMPTNER 1963) YOUNG 1990 var. lacunosa
YOUNG 1990, p. 83; (ex Pseudoemiliania).
Reticulofenestra lacunosa var. ovata (BUKRY 1973) YOUNG 1990, p. 83; (exEmiliania ovata).
Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus GARTNER 1967 var. pseudoumbilicus YOUNG 1990, p. 82.

A5103
A5103
A5103
A5103
A5103
A5085
A5103
A5103
A5134
A5134
A5134
A5134
A5134
A5085
A5085
A5134
A5134
A5085
A5085
A5103
A5103
A5103
A5103
A5085
A5085
A5134
A5134
A5134
A5134
A5134
A5134
A5134
A5134
A5134
A5134
A5134
A5134
A5085
A453-JO
A453-10
A453-JO
A453-JO===========================138 ==========================

W G. Siesser: Calcareous llBIUlOplankton bibliography 24, p.l33- 140.

Journal ofNarmoplanlcton Research, 16, 3, 1994.

------------------~----------------B181
A453-10
Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus var. haqii (BACKMAN 1978) YOUNG 1990, p. 82.
A453, l0
Reticulofenestra pseudoumbi/icus var. rotaria (TIIEODORIDIS 1984) YOUNG 1990, p. 82.
A5085
Rhagodiscus dekaenelii BERGEN 1994, p. 64, pl. 1, figs. 7a-c, 8a-d, 9a-b. DSDP Sites 397A, 534,
603, 638-641 and SE France; lower Valanginian to lower Hauterivian.
. A5085
Rucino/ithus pinnatus BERGEN 1994, p. 65, pl. I , figs. Ja-b. DSDP Site 534 and SE France;
mid-Tithonian to upper Berriasian.
A5103
Similiscutum KAENEL & BERGEN 1993, pp. 872-873, fig. 3. Type species: Simi/iscutum cruciulus
KAENEL & BERGEN 1993.
A5103
Similiscutum avitum KAENEL & BERGEN 1993, pp. 874-875, pl. 1, figs. 12-14; pl2, figs. 1-4.
Western Europe and Morocco; lower to upper Pliensbachian.
A5103
Similiscutum cruciulus KAENEL & BERGEN 1993, pp. 875-876, pl. 2, figs. 5-11 . Western Europe,
Morocco, DSDP Site 547B; lower Pliensbachian to lower Toarcian.
A5103
Simi/iscutumfinchii (CRUX 1984) KAENEL & BERGEN 1993, p. 877 (ex Biscutum).
A5l03
Similiscutum gephyrion KAENEL & BERGEN 1993, pp. 878-879, pl. 3, figs. 14-15. Western Europe
and Morocco; upper Pliensbachian.
A5103
Similiscutum orbiculus KAENEL&BERGEN 1993, pp. 873-874, pi. I, figs. 1-11. Western Europe
and Morocco; lower Pliensbachian to lower Toarcian.
A5103
Similiscutum precarium KAENEL & BERGEN 1993, pp. 876-877, pi. 2, figs. 12-15. Western Europe;
upper Sinemurian to upper Pliensbachian.
A5103
Triscutum pn·catillus KAENEL & BERGEN 1993, pp. 89+895, pi. 5, figs. 8-9. Western Europe and
DSDP Site 547B; lower Sinemurian to JowerBajocian.
A5103
Triscutum protensum (BOWN 1987) KAENEL & BERGEN 1993, pp. 891-892; (ex Mazaganella) .
A5103
Triscutum sullivanii KAENEL & BERGEN 1993, pp. 893-894, pi. 5, figs. 1-7. Western Europe
and Morocco; upper T oarcian to lower Bajocian.
A5103
Triscutum tiziense KAENEL & BERGEN 1993, pp. 892-893, pl. 4, figs. 1-8. Western Europe
and Morocco; lower Aalenian to lower Bajocian.
A5085
Zeugrhabdotus tn·vectis BERGEN 1994, p. 65 , pi. I , figs. 26a-b, 27a-c. Cosmopolitan; lower
Valanginian to middle Campanian.
Calcispberes

Bicarinellum tricarinelloides VERSTEEGH 1993, pp. 357-360, pi. 1, figs. 1-12. Western Europe andMediterranean Sea; upper Pliocene to Holocene.
Bitorus bulbjergensis KIENEL 1994, pp. 39-40, pl. 6, figs. 1-6. Denmark; Danian.
Calciperidinium VERSTEEGH 1993, p. 360. Type species: Calciperidinum asymmetn·cum
VERSTEEGH 1993.
Calciperidinium asymmetricum VERSTEEGH 1993, pp. 360-361 , pi. II, figs. 1-8. Worldwide;
Pleistocene to Holocene.
Calciperidinium bivalvum VERSTEEGH 1993, pp. 361-363, pi. ill, figs. 1-8. Italy, MediterraneanSea, and central Atlantic; upper Pliocene to Holocene.
Calcicarpinum per:foctum VERSTEEGH 1993, pp. 363-367, pi. IV, figs. 1-11. Worldwide;
upper Pliocene.
Calcicarpinum tetramurus KIENEL 1994, W · 51 , pi. 10, figs. 12-15; pi. 11 , figs. 1-3. Denmark; Danian.
Carinellum turbosimile KIENEL 1994, W · 50-51 , pi. 10, fJgS. 7-11. Germany; Maastrichtian to Danian.
Follisdinel/um VERSTEEGH 1993, p. 367. Type species: Follisdinellum splendidum VERSTEEGH 1993.
Follisdinellum splendidum VERSTEEGH 1993, p. 367-370, pi. V, figs. I-ll. Central Atlantic andMediterranean Sea; Pleistocene to Holocene.
{A!ntodinella KIENEL 1994, p. 54. Type species: Lentodinella danica KIENEL 1994.
Lentodinella danica KIENEL 1994, W · 54-55, pi. 14, figs. 1-15; pi. 15, fJgS 1-8. Denmark and Germany;
Maastrichtian to Danian.
Melodomuncula VERSTEEGH 1993, pp. 371 . Type species:·Melodomuncula berlinensis
VERSTEEGH 1993 .
Melodomuncula ber/inensis VERSTEEGH 1993, pp. 371-372, pl. VI, figs. 1-7. Mediterranean Sea;
upper Pleistocene.
Obliquepithonel/a ossa KIENEL 1994, pp. 45-46, pi. 8, figs. 7-15 . Denmark and Germany; Danian.
Operculodinella KIENEL 1994, p. 48. Type species: OJJf!rculodinella costata KIENEL 1994.
Operculodinel/a costata KIENEL 1994, pp. 48-49, pl. I 0, figs. 1-6. Denmark; Danian.
Operculodinella hydria KIENEL 1994, p. 48, pi. 9, figs. 6-lO; Denmark; Danian.
Operculodinella reticulata KIENEL 1994, pp. 49-50, pi. 10, figs. 11-15. Denmark; Danian.
Orthocarinellum KEUPP 1987 emend. KIENEL 1994, p. 37.
Orthocarinellum biconvexum KIENEL 1994, pp. 37-38, pi. 5, figs. 11-16. Denmark and Germany;
Danian.
Orthopithonella gustafsonii (BOLLI 1974) f salebra KIENEL 1994, pp. 34-35, pi. 3, figs. 1-13.
Denmark and Germany; Danian.
Othopithonel/a multipara KIENEL 1994, p. 36, pi. 4, figs. 1-4. Germany; Danian.
Orthotabulata KIENEL 1994, p. 38. Type species: Orthotabulata obscura KIENEL 1994.
Orthotabulata obscura KIENEL 1994, pp. 38-39, pi. 5, figs. 7-15; Denmark and Germany;
Maastrichtian to Danian.

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======================~139======================~

Journal ~annopl~~~ch, ~ ~994. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ ~ Sf!:s!!::_ Cal~eo~ nannopl~~bliography 24, p~J..:._!~

B182

Pithonella atopa KEUPP 1994 in KEUPP & KIENEL 1994, pp. 204-205, pi. 3, figs. 1-15. Gennany;
upper Albian.
Pithonella lame/lata KEUPP 1994 in KEUPP & KIENEL 1994, pp. 205-206, pi. 4, figs. 1-15; pi. 5,
figs. 1-10. Gem1any; upper Albian.
Praecalcigonellum schizosaeptum VERSTEEGH 1993, pp. 376-377, pi. Vlll, figs. 1-8. Worldwide;
upper Pliocene to Holocene.
Pseudopithonella VERSTEEGH 1993, pp. 373-376. Type species: Pseudopithonella striatula
VERSTEEGH 1993.
Pseudopithonella striatula VERSTEEGH 1993, p. 376, pi. IX, figs. 1-6. Mediterranean Sea;
upper Pleistocene.
Rugenia WILLEMS 1992 emend. KIENEL 1994, p. 40.
Rugenia crassa KIENEL 1994, pp. 40-41 , pi. 6, figs. 7-15; pi. 7, figs. 1-4. Gennany, Maastrichtian
to Danian.
Septiareata KIENEL 1994, p. 55 . Type species: Septiareata pyramiforma KIENEL 1994.
Septiareata pyramifom~a KIENEL 1994, pp. 55-56 , pi. 15, figs. 9-15 . Gennany; upper Maastrichtian.
Sphaerodinella albatrosiana var. spinulosa VERSTEEGH 1993, pp. 377- 378, pi. IV, figs. 12-16.
Italy and Sierra Leone Rise; upper Miocene to upper Pliocene.

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NEW TAXA
Calcareous Nannoplankton Genera:
Farhania
Similiscutum
Calcareous Nannoplankton Soecies and Varieties:
avitum, Similiscutumbullata, Percivalia
cruciulus. Similiscutum
dekaenelii, Rhagodiscus
eneabrachium, Quadrum
eptabrachium, Quadrum
eptapetalus, Eprolithus
galiciense, Diloma
gephyrion, Similiscutum
giganteum, Quadrum
hollandicus, Radiolithus
intermedium, Quadrum
lacunosa var. lacunosa, Reticulofenestra
lacunosa var. ovata, Reticulofenestra
laingii, Radiolithus
octobrachium. Quadrum
octopetalus, Eprolithus
orbiculus, Similiscutum

pentabrachiatus, Lithastrinus
pinnatus, Rucinolithus
precarium. Similiscutum
pricatillus. Triscutum
profundum, Biscutum
pseudoumbilicus var. haqii, Reticulofenestra
pseudoumhilicus var. pseudoumhilicus, Reticulofenestra
pseudoumbilicus var. rotaria, Reticulofenestra
rarus, Eprolithus
salomonii, Lucianorhabdus
scutula, Reinhardtites
strictus, Hexalithus
sullivanii, Triscutum
tiziense, Triscutum
trivectis, Zeugrhabdotus
umbel/alum. Pickelhaube
vetulus, Markalius

Calcispheres Genera
Calciperidinium
Foilisdinellum
Lentodinella
Melodomuncula

Operculodinella
Orthotabulata
Pseudopithonella
Septiareata

Calcispheres Species and Varieties
albatrosiana var. spinulosa, Sphaerodinella
asymmetricum, Calciperidinium
atopa, Pithonella
berlinensis, Melodomunculabiconvexum, Orthocarinellum
bivalvum, Calciperidinium
bulbjergenesis. Bitorus
costata, Operculodinella
crassa, Rugenia
danica, Lentodinella
gustafsonii f. salebra, Orthopithonella
hydria, Operculodinellalame/lata, Pithonella

multipara. Orthopithonella
obscura, Orthotabulataossa, Obliquepithonella
perfectum, Calcicarpinum
pyramiforma, Septiareata
reticulata, Operculodinella
schizosaeptum, Praecalcigonellum
splendidum, Follisdinellum
striatula, Pseudopithonella
tetramurus, Calcicarpinum
tricarinelloides. Bicarinellum
turbosimile, Carinellum==========================140========================~

_ _membership_ _ _clwtges,_ _ p. 141.
_ _
INA

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_

_

_

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Journal ofNannoplanldon Research, 16, 3, 1994.

------------------INA MEMBERSHIP CHANGES
compiled by Kevin Cooper

NEW MEMBERS

U.K.

Martina Kostka
Ruhr-Universitat Bochum
Fakulta.t fiir Geowissenschaften
Institut fiir Geologie
Universita.tsstra6e 150
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GERMANY

Ting-Chang Huang
Exxon Exploration Company
P.O. Box 4778 (GP8, No.569)
COUNTRY UNKNOWN!

Cheng Xinrong
Department of Marine Geology
Tongji University
Shanghai200092
P.R. CHINA

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SchoolofChenUstry
University of BathClaverton Down
Bath, Avon, BA2 7AY

CHANGE OF NAME
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CHANGE OF ADDRESS
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c/o UNL
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Dr. Dorothea Janofske
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Universitat Bremen
Postfach 330440
D-28334 Bremen
GERMANY

J6rg Mutterlose
Ruhr-Universita.t Bochum
Fakultat fiir Geowissenschaften
Institut fiir Geologie
Uni versitatsstra6e 150
D-4480 l Bochum
GERMANY
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Geotrax Systems LinUted Nigeria
c/o 27 Old Gloucester Road
London, WClN 3XX
U.K.
Stephan A Root (US TREASURER)
Mobil (MRDC-MEPTEC)
P.O. Box 650232
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970 Sandhurst
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Dehradun 248001 (U.P.)

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U.K.

======================~141======================~ADVICE TO CONTRIBUTORSTYPES OF CONTRIBUTION
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Res.
Spencer S., & Dobb A. , 1988: New observations on Upper
Cretaceous vombatidae. J. Wom. Res., 25 , 35-67.
McCarthy J.J., 1980: Nitrogen. In, Morris I. (ed.) " The Physio-

logical Ecology ofPhytq>lanktoo", Blackwell, p.l 91-234.

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The Journal of Nannoplankton Research (Formerly INA Newsletter): Published by the International Nannoplankton Association. Printed by Camers
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