教科書：New Treasure
教科書：New Treasure：Stage 4：Lesson 1

Crossing the Alps by Rail
Section 1: Q. What was constructed in Austria inthe middle of the 19th century?

Section 2: Q. Why did Ghega travel in Europe andthe United States?

〔19世紀中頃まで：UntilThe Semmering Railway project〔設計されそして指揮された：was designed and directed〕by
Karl Ritter von Ghegaカール・リッター・フォン・ゲーガ. Hewas born in 1802 in Veniceヴェニス, Italy.〔18歳の時に：At the age of 18〕, he became〔数学博士：a doctor of mathematics〕and〔働き始めた：began his career〕 in road andhydraulic水力 engineering工学. To learn more about
railway engineering, he traveled in Europe andthe United States. 〔彼は1842年のほとんど全てを北米

themid-19thcentury〕 , people had thought it was｜

impossible to build a railway through the Alpsアルプス. Railway鉄道 engineering工学 was still very new〔当時：at that time〕. The Alps were〔困challenging

難な環境：aenvironment〕, with〔急な険しい傾斜：
steepslopes〕 and very high places.

However,〔何年もの計画の後：after yearsof planning〕 , almost 20,000 people
worked〔手で：by hand〕for six years〔不可能を達成するために：toachieve

theimpossible〕. As a result, the world's

almostallofinNorthAmerica

studying railroads and bridges〕. He〔特に〜に注意を払った：paidconstructed〕〔ウィーンの南西に：to theattention to〕the new Baltimoreボルティモア

Vienna〕 , the 〔首都：で：To this day〕, the Semmering Railway

and Ohioオハイオ Railroad, which went through theAllegheny アレゲーニー Mountains 山脈 . The highquality of the railway construction and〔アメリカ

ゼメリング鉄道〔 注 目 す べ き 偉 業 で あ り 続 け て い る ：の機関車の力：theofcapital〕of Austriaオーストリア. 〔今日に至るまremainsaremarkableachievement〕in engineering that〔〜と美しい調和を形成している：forms

particularpowerofAmerican

locomotives〕〔彼に大きく感銘を与えた：
greatly

impressedhim〕 . 〔当時：Inathose days〕, American engineers werebeautiful harmony with〕the Alps'using〔世界の最も進歩した技術の幾つか：some ofnatural environment.

theworld'smosttechnologies〕.

｜

1842

spent

first mountain railway〔建設された：wassouthwest｜

で鉄道と橋を研究するのに費やした：He

advanced教科書：New Treasure：Stage 4 2

Section 3: Q. Why was building a railway throughthe Semmering Pass thought to be impossible?

Section 4: Q. Why wasn't Ghega's proposal
immediately accepted?

1840s〕,

道：a railway connecting Vienna toAlthough the project would〔当然：certainly〕be difficult, Ghega〔〜を思いついた：came up with〕a plan for theSemmering Railway that would〔〜を最大限に活用する：make the most of〕locomotivetechnology. 〔彼は最初に彼の提案を国立鉄道の局長にthe port city of Trieste in modern-提出した：Heday Italy〕, which was〔その帝国にとって重proposal to the director of state

要な商業と海軍の中心地：anrailway〕 , but 〔それはすぐには受け入れられなかっ〔1840年台初頭に：In

theearly

Ghega was given〔国道を作る任務：the task ofbuilding a national way〕in
Austria. The government wanted to build〔ウィーンを今日のイタリアにある湾口都市トリエステに繋ぐ鉄important

submitted

his

immediately

business and naval center for theた：itempire〕. However, this railway would haveaccepted〕. 〔その遅れの理由の一つ：One of

to cross the Semmering Pass, 〔985mもの高さに達す

the reasons for the delay〕was thatるアルプスの一部：a〔これのようなものは以前になされたことがなかった：

partoftheAlpsthatreaches as high as 985 meters〕.

was

first

not

nothing like this had been done

〔そのような（一つの）場所に（その）必要なトンネルbefore〕. For example, 〔その計画は1,430mの長と橋を建設することは、当時の技術では、不可能だと考さの主トンネルを要した：the

えられていた：Building the necessary

requiredtunnelsandlocationwassuchaproject

1,430-meter-longmainatunnel〕, but there were no〔前例：previousbeexamples〕of such long tunnels. However,impossible with the technology〔1848年のウィーンでの革命は、その帝国の他の地域へtime〕. Only〔馬に引かれる車、四輪馬の増加した移動につながった（≒交通量が増加した）：

carriages〕 could
move across this〔過酷な山岳地域：roughmountainous area〕, people thought. But
Ghega〔この挑戦を受けて立った：accepted thischallenge〕.

the 1848 revolution in Vienna led toof

thebridges

inconsidered

車：horse-drawn

toincreased travel to other areas oftheempire〕, so〔鉄道の必要性：theneedfor a railway〕also increased. 〔このことは、ゲーガの提案を最後まで遂行するするための、大きな動機を提供した：Thisincentive

providedforabigfollowingthrough with Ghega's proposal〕.

教科書：New Treasure：Stage 4 3

Section 5: What happened to the workers during
the construction of the railway?

Section 6: Why did Ghega's construction ideas
reflect, and what did they make use of?

Construction of the Semmering Railway〔ついに：finally〕began on July 27, 1848. 〔誰もが予〔その困難にも関わらず：In期したように：As

everyonehadexpected〕, the project was〔信じられないくらい困難だ：unbelievablyhard〕. 〔当初：spiteofthedifficulties〕, Ghega's vision was〔実現された：realized〕 . His ideas for theconstruction of the railway〔自然環境との調和への配慮を反映していた：reflectedconcernthe beginning〕, there were about
5,000 workers but 〔後には：later〕 20,000
were working on the railway. 〔今日使用されている

for harmony with the natural（ような）爆発物と先進的なトンネルを掘る機器は、19technologies〕. He〔鉄と鋼鉄の使用を却下At

世紀には存在しなかった：Theadvanced

explosives

andtunnel-diggingenvironment〕and〔最新技術を利用した：
made

useof

thelatest

した：rejected the use of iron andsteel〕, and〔代わりに：instead〕used

equipment used today did not exist in〔レンガと石：brick and stone〕to build〔重要なthe 19th century〕, so the workers had

theto〔建築の全てを手で行う：do all theconstruction by hand〕. The work
was hard and dangerous. On October 27, 1850,〔落石：falling rocks〕killed 14 of theworkers. Between 1850 and 1852, 〔鉄道で働いていたおよそ750人の人々がコレラやチフスなどの病気で殺された：some 750 people working on therailway were killed by diseases
such as cholera and typhoid〕.

建造物のほとんど：mostof

important structures〕. 〔6,500万個近くのレンガ：Nearly65

millionbricks〕and 80,000 stones were used. 〔道中の駅と建物の多くは、建設からの廃棄素材を使って建てられた：Manyof

thestationsandbuildings

along the way were built usingwastematerialconstruction〕.

fromthe教科書：New Treasure：Stage 4 4Section 7: Q. What kind of changes did theSemmering Railway bring to the Alps?

Section 8: Q. What role does the Semmering
Railway play today?

〔ついに：Finally〕,〔最初の試験（≒試運転）〔ゼメリング鉄道が完成させられて（≒完成して）以が行われた：the来、150年以上が経過した：Over

150

years

passedtheSemmering

firsttrials

wererun〕in October 1853, and in July 1854〔最初のhave

乗客が旅行した（≒列車に乗った）：theRailway was completed〕. 〔今日においてfirstpassengers made the journey〕.

すらも：EvenPeople could finally cross the Alps〔たったの２時間で：in just two hours〕. 〔総路線は41,825mを網stillsincetoday〕 it 〔〜のままである：

remains〕 both an importanttransportation route and a wonderful〔観光（の目covered的 ） 地 ： s i g h t s e e i n g

41,825 meters〕. Its highest point was 898

destination〕. Visitors can take the train

meters, 〔当時、鉄道が建設された、それまでで一番高from Austria to Italy and enjoy〔息を呑むような景い高度：the highest altitude at which

色：breathtaking scenery〕〔道中a railway had ever been built at theで：along the way〕. Three of the twenty-sixtime〕. 〔ゼメリング鉄道は、生活をより便利にしたした（倒置）：Not only did the Semmering

miles (42 kilometers) of the journey are throughtunnels, and〔１マイルは高架橋で構成されている：
one mile is composed of viaducts〕.

Railway〔建築物は自然環境と調和しているべきだという彼の構羅した：The

totalrouteだけでなく、それはまたアルプスの自然の美しさを増幅
makeconvenient,

life
but

moreitalsoenhanced the natural beauty of

想により：Forhisvisionarchitecture

shouldbeinthe Alps〕. The stone viaducts高架橋 and otherharmony

structures〔その鉄道に絵葉書のスタイルの美しさを与environment〕, Ghega was〔ナイト爵位をえた：gave

post-card

授けられた：knighted〕in 1851 and for manystyle beauty〕, 〔それらは世界中から観光

years his picture was on the Austrian 20 shillingシリング（通貨単位）〔紙幣：note〕. In 1998,〔ゼメリンtherailwaya

客を引き寄せた（非制限用法）：which
attracted

touristsfromallwiththat

thenatural

グ鉄道はユネスコにより世界遺産地として指定された世

over the world〕. The viaduct across Kalte

界初の鉄道となったが：theRinne is 〔特に美しい：particularlybeautiful〕, and has often been 〔特集される：featured〕in photographs and paintings.

becametheSemmering

firstrailway

Railway
tobe

named by UＮESCO as a World HeritageSite〕.