On the legitimacy of the generic name Discoaster Tan,l927 ex Tan,l931.
by S.A.Theodoridis

Institu-te of Earth Sciences., Ut,'echt~ the Netherlands.
Introduction.
In all literature (except Prins,l971) the asteroliths are classified in
the genus Discoaster Tan,l927 with type species Discoaster pentaradiatus Tan,l927. A careful study of the relevant publications revealed:a) The generic name Discoaster was first validly published in Tan Sin Hok,
1931 and was typified by Discoaster brouweri Tan,l927 ex Tan,l931.
b) Although valid,the name is illegitimate as nomenclaturally superfluousat the time of publication.As such it must be rejected.

Eu-Discoaster Tan,l927 versus Discoaster Tan,1927 ex Tan,1931.
Tan Sin Hok firstly published about "asterisks" or "Disco-asters"in 1926.
This early reference,however,is of no nomenclatural significance because
the names were mentioned incidentally and in anticipation of a future
taxonomic treatment.
In 1927, Tan Sin Hok introduced formally the genera Helio-Discoaster·~ Eu1nd Hemi-Discoaster. All genera were validly published with
sufficient descriptions,clear indication of rank and type species (Discoaster Barbadiensis»typ.spec.of Helio-Discoaster ; 11Discoaster Brouweri"typ.
spec.of Eu-Discoaster; and 11 Discoaster Molengraaffi"typ.spec. of Hemi-Discoaste~). At the same time the name Discoaster appears both as a morphologic
term as well as in combination with specific epithets, but lacks a formal
description.
The lack of description invalidates the name Discoaster Tan,1927 (I.C.B.N.
article 32) and consequently all species names associated with it are also
invalid (I. C. B. N. article 43. I.). The fact that among the invalid species
are included also the type species of Helio-Discoaster~Eu-Discoaster andHemi-Discoaster. does not affect the validity of these genera,since descriptions and figures of the holotypes are given (a).

Discoaster

In Tan Sin Hok,1931 (p.93,remark I) the valid generic name Eu-Discoasteris cited as a synonym of Discoaster. Thus ,D'i:scoaster is validated by anindirect reference to the description of Eu-Discoaster (I.C.B.N.article
4I.l.b.). Had the opposite been mentioned (i.e. Discoaster synonym of
Eu-Discoaster) the name Discoaster would have remained invalid (I.C.B.N.
article 34. l.d.).The validation of the name is automatically followedby typification by D.brouweri (I.C.B.N. article 7. 11.).Moreover,all
Discoaster species earlier introduced by Tan (1927) are validated at thesame time,as references are given to their original descriptions (I.C.B.N.
article 43.).
The generic name Discoaster Tan,1927 ex Tan,1931,although valid, wasnomenclaturally superfluous at the time of validation since it was meant
to substitute the earlier validly published Eu-Discoaster Tan,1927.
As such it is illegitimate and must be rejected (I.C.B.N. article 63. 1.).

INA Newsletter vol.5 - 198315

Selected references.
Bramlette and Riedel (1954) noticed the insufficiency of the diagnoses of the genera introduced by Tan. Because it was impossible todistinguish HeZio-Discoaster from Eu-Discoaster on the basis of theoriginal diagnoses they lumped all asteroliths into one genus. In
naming this genus they chose Discoaster Tan, 1927, instead of thecorrect Eu-Discoaster Tan, 1927. They justified this choice bystating that Tan intended Eu-Discoaster (and HeZio-Discoaster) to besubgenera of Discoaster.
Unfortunately nowhere in Tan's publications this is clearly mentioned.
On the contrary, all other names except Discoaster bear the clear indication "nov.gen.". Thus the association of the name Discoaster withthe specific epithets is either a mistake, or - in the case he meant
it to be a genus name - an incorrect introduction of a genus.
Loeblich and Tappan (1963) validated Discoaster and typified it with
D. pentaradiatus. Both the validation as well as the typification was
superfluous as the name was validated (in 1931). and automatically typified. Furthermore, for the validation of the name, the authors refered
to "Tan Sin Hok, 1927, p.412" instead of the correct pp.414-418 whichis the taxonomic part of Tan's publication. Had the name been invalid,
the validation by Loeblich and Tappan would have been ineffective.
Farinacci (1969, 1/59) implied that the substitution of Eu-Discoasterby Discoaster was a correction by Tan Sin Hok. Unfortunately such a
correction of an earlier validly published name by a latter one is notrecognized by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (I.C.B.N.
article 62.1).
Prins (1971) questioned the validity of Discoaster and suggested therejection of this name in favour of Eu-Discoaster. Furthermore he recombined all Discocr.ster species names with the latter, as well as withother generic and subgeneric names introduced by him.
However, all the new combinations of Prins (1971) lack direct references to the original publications and are, therefore, invalid (I.C.B.N.
article 33.2.).
New combinations of species earlier assigned to the illegitimate
genus Discoaster.
From the three genera introduced by Tan Sin Hok only Eu-Discoaster and
HeZio-Discoaster have taxonomic significance,because the type species
assigned to them show essentialy different construction.The discussion
about the distinction of the two genera and the emendation of theirdiagnoses are reserved
for athorough taxonomic treatment of the
discoasters (1beodoridis, 1983,in prep.). Hemi-Discoaster ,on the other
hand,is considered to be a preservational state of either one of them.
The name Discoaster is replaced here by Eu-discoaster and HeZio-discoaster (b), In the following list of new combinations,names which areconsidered to be synonyms are omitted. The species of each genus arearranged in alphabetic order.

INA Newsletter vol.5 - 1983
16

Family

EUDISCOASTERACEAE

Prins,1971.

Genus Eu-d1:scoaster Tan Sin Hok, 1927.

Eu-discoaster altus (Muller) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster altus Muller, 1974:In.Repts.D.S.D.P. ,vol.25,
p.592,pl.9,figs.l-3.

Eu-discoaster asymmetricus (Gartner) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster asymmetricus Gartner,1969: Trans.Gulf Coast
Assoc.Geol.Soc.,vol.19,p.598,pl. !,figs. 1-3.

Eu-discoaster bellus (Bukry and Percival) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster beUus Bukry and Percival, 1971 :Tul.Stud.Geol.
Pa 1e on t • , vo 1. 8 , n • 3 , p • I 28 , p 1. 3 , fi gs • I , 2 .

Eu-discoaster berggrenii (Bukry) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster berggrenii Bukry, 1971: Micropal. ,vol. 17 ,n.l,p.45,pl.2,figs.4-6.

Eu-discoaster brow,le.Y•i(Tan, 1927 ex Tan, 1931) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster brow»eri Tan, 1927: Kon.Akad.Wet.Proc. ,vol. 30,
n.3,p.415,figs.5-8a,b,l3.

Eu-discoaster boUii (Hartini and Bramlette) n. comb.
Basionym: Discoaster boUii Hartini and Bramlette, 1963: J .Paleont.,
vo 1. 3 7, n. 4, p. 85 I , p 1. I 0 5 , figs • 1-4, 7.

Eu-discoaster calcaris (Gartner) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster calcaris Gartner,1967: Paleont.Contr.Univ.Kansas,
paper 29,p.2,pl.2,figs.l,2a,b,3a,b.

Eu-discoaster decorus (Bukry) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster oar/ald lis decorus Bukry, 1971: Hicropal., vol. 17
n.1,p.48,p1.3,figs.5,6.

Eu-discoaster deflandrei(Bramlette and Riedel) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster deflandrei Bramlette and Riedel,1954: J.Paleont.,
vol.28,n.4,p.399,pl.39,fig.6,text-figs. 1a,b,c.

Eu-discoaster distinctus (Hartini) n. comb.
Basionym: Discoaster distinctus Martini,1958: Senck.Leth.,vol.39,
n. 5 I 6 , p. 36 3, p 1. 4, figs. 17a, b.

Eu-discoaster druggii (Bramlette and Wilcoxon) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster druggii Bramlette and Wilcoxon 196 7 :Tul. Stud.
Geol.Paleont.,vol.5,p.220 ; nomen subst.pro Discoaster extensus Bramlette and Wilcoxon 1967 : Tul.Stud.Geol.Paleont.,vol.5,n.3,p. 110,pl.8,
figs.2-8.

Eu-discoaster exilis (Martini and Bramlette) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster exilis Martini and Bramlette,l963: J.Paleont.,
vol.37,n.4,p.852,pl.104,figs.1-3.

Eu-discoaster hamatus (Martini and Bramlette) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster hamatus Hartini and Bramlette, 1963: J.Paleont.,
vol. 37 ,n. 4,p. 852,pl. 105,figs. 8, 10, 11.

Eu-discoaster kugleri (Martini and Bramlette) n. comb.
Basionym: Discoaster kugleri Martini and Bramlette,1963:J.Paleont.,
vol.37,n.4,p.853,pl.102,figs.l1-13.

Eu-discoaster loeblichii (Bukry) n.comb.
INA Newsletter vol.5 - 1983

17

Basionym: Discoaster loeblichii Bukry,l971: Trans.San Diego Soc.Nat.
Hist. ,vol.l6,n.l4,p.315,pl.4,figs.3-5.

Eu-discoaster mendomombensis (Wise) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster mendomombensis Wise,l973: In.Repts.D.S.D.P.,vol. 18,
n.l5,p.594,pl. 7,figs.l-8.

Eu-discoaster musicus (Stradner) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster musicus Stradner,1959:Proc.Fifth World Petr.Congr.,
sect. l,p. 1088,text-fig.28.

Eu-discoaster moorei (Bukry) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster moorei Bukry,1971: Micropal.,vol.17,n.l,p.46,pl.2,
figs. 11, 12,pl. 3,figs. I ,2.

Eu-discoaster neohamatus (Bu.l-cry and Bramlette) n. comb.
Basionym: Discoaster neohamatus Bukry and Bramlette,l969: Tul.Stud.Geol.
Paleont.,vol.7,n.3,p. 133,pl. l,figs.4-5.

Eu-discoaster neorectus (Bukry) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster neorectus Bukry,l971: Trans.San Diego Soc.Nat.Hist.,
vo 1. 16, n. 14, p. 3 I 6 , p 1. 4, figs . 6 , 7.

Eu-discoaster nonaradiatus (Klumpp) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster nonaradiatus Klumpp,l953: Paleontographica,Abt.A,
vol.l03,n.5-6,p.383,text-fig.3,n.5.

Eu-discoaster pansus (Bukry and Percival) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster variabilis pansus Bukry and Percival, 1971: Tul.Stnd.
Geol.Paleont.,vol.8,n.3,p. I29,pl.3,figs.8,9.

Eu-discoaster pentaradiatus (Tan, 1927 ex Tan, 1931) n. comb.
Basionym: Discoaster pentaradiatus Tan,I927: Kon.Akad.Wet.Proc.,vol.30,
n.3,p.416,fig.l4.

Eu-discoaster prepentaradiatus (Bukry and Percival) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster prepentaradiatus Bukry and Percival,l97I: Tul.Stud.
Geol.Paleont.,vol.8,n.3,p. 129,pl.3,figs.6,7.

Eu-discoaster pseudovariabilis (Martini and Worsley) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster pseudovariabilis Martini and Worsley,l971: In.Repts.
D.S.D.P.,vol.7,part.2,p. 1500,pl.3,figs.2-8.

Eu-discoaster quinqueramus (Gartner) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster quinqueramus Gartner,l969: Trans.Gulf Coast Assoc.
Geol.Soc.,vol.l9,p.598,pl. !,figs. 1-3.

Eu-discoaster s-z:gnus (Bukry) n. comb.
Basionym: Discoaster signus Bukry,l971: Micropal.,vol. 17,n. 1,p.48,pl.3,
figs. 3,4.

Eu-discoaster subsurculus (Gartner) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster subsurculus Gartner,l967: Paleont.Contr.Univ.Kansas,
paper 29,p.3,pl.5.figs.1a,b,2a,b.

Eu-discoaster surculus (Martini and Bramlette) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster surculus Martini and Bramlette,1963: J.Paleont.,
vol.37,n.4,p.854,pl. 104,figs. 10-12.

Eu-discoaster tamalis (Kamptner) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster tamalis Kamptner,l967: Ann.Naturhist.Mus.Wien,
vol.7l,p. 166,text-fig.29.

Eu-discoaster tristeZZifer (Bukry) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster tristellifer Bukry,l976: In.Repts.D.S.D.P.,vol.33,
INA Newsletter vol.5 - 198318

p.499,pl.1 ,figs.I-17.

Eu-discoaster variabilis (Martini and Bramlette) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster variabilis Martini and Bramlette,1963: J.Paleont.,
vol.37,n.4,p.854,pl. 104,figs.4-8.
Genus Helio-discoaster Tan, 1927.

Helio-discoaster barbadiensis (Tan, 192 7 ex Tan, 19 31) n. comb.
Basionym: Discoaster barbadiensis Tan, 1927: Kon.Akad.Wet.Proc.,vol.30,
n.3,p.415,fig.4.
Helio-discoaster bifax (Bukry) n. comb.
Basionym: Discoaster bifax Bukry,l971: Trans.San Diego Soc.Nat.Hist.,
vol.I6,n.I4,p.313,pl.3,figs.6-11.
Helio-discoaster binodosus (Hartini) n. comb.
Basionym: Discoaster binodosus Martini,1958: Senck.Leth.,vol.39,n.5/6,
p.36I,pl.4,figs.18a,b, 19a,b.
Helio-discoaster coUetii (Parejas) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster colletii(Parejas)
Bersier,1939:p.237,figs.I8,21.
Helio-discoaster d1:astypus (Bramlette and Sullivan) n. comb.
Basionym: Discoaster diastypus Bramlette and Sullivan,1961: Micropal.,vol. 7,n.2,p.159,pl.1I,figs.6-8.
Helio-discoaster elegans (Bramlette and Sullivan) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster elegans Bramlette and Sullivan,1961: Micropal.,vo 1. 7 , n. 2 , p . 15 9 , p 1. 1 1, figs . 16 a, b •Helio-discoaster gemmeus (Stradner) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster gemmeus Stradner,1959: Proc.Fifth World Petr.Congr.,
sect. 1 ,p. 1086, text-fig. 21.
Helio-discoaster kuepperi (Stradner) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster kuepperi Stradner, 1959: Erdoel z. ,vol. 75,n.12,
p. 4 78, figs • 17 , 2 1.
Helio-discoaster lenticularis (Bramlette and Sullivan)n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster lenticularis Bramlette and Sullivan, 1961: Micropal.,vol. 7,n.2,p.160,pl.12,figs.1a,b,2.
Helio-discoaster lodoensis (Bramlette and Riedel) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster lodoensis Bramlette and Riedel,1954: J.Paleont.,
vol.28,n.4,p.398,pl.39,figs.3a,b.
Helio-discoaster mediosus (Bramlette and Sullivan) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster mediosus Bramlette and Sullivan, 1961: Micropal.,vo 1 . 7, n. 2 , p . 16 1, p 1 . 12 , figs . 7a, b , 8.
He lio-discoaster mirus (Deflandre, 1952 ex Deflandre, 1954) n. comb.
Basionym: Discoaster mirus Deflandre,1952 ex Deflandre in Deflandre
and Fert, 1954: Ann. Paleont., vol. 40, p. 168, text-fig. 118.
Helio-discoaster mohleri (Bukry and Percival) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster mohleri Bukry and Percival,1971: Tul.Stud.Geol.
Paleont.,vol.8,n.3,p. 128,pl.3,figs.3-5.
Helio-discoaster multiradiatus (Bramlette and Riedel) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster muUiradiatus Bramlette and Riedel, 1954: J. Paleout. ,vol.28,n.4,p.396,pl. 38,fig.10.

--------------------------INA Newsletter vol.5 - 1983

19

HeZio-discoaster nobiZis (Martini) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster nobiZis Martini,l961: Senck.Leth.,vo1.42,n.l/2,
p.ll,p1.2,fig.23,p1.5,fig.51.

HeZio-discoaster nodifer (Bramlette and Riedel) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster trr.m: nodif(;>:' Bramlette and Rieclel, 1954: J. Paleont.,vo1.28, n.4,p.394,pl.39,fig.2.

HeZio-discoaster ornatus (Stradner) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster ornatus Stradner, 1958: Erdoel z. ,vol. 74,p. 188,
fig. 38.

HeUo-discoaster pad[1:cus (Haq) n. comb.
Basionym: Discoaster pacificus Haq,l969: Stock.Contr.Geol.,vol.21,n.l,p.ll,p1.4,figs.4-7,text-fig.3.

HeZio-discoaster perpoZitus (Martini) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster perpoZitus Martini,I961: Senck.Leth.,vo1.42.,
n.l/2,p.9,p1.2,fig.20,p1.5,fig.50.

HeZio-discoaster saipanensis (Bramlette and Riedel) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster saipanensis Bramlette and Riedel,I954: J.Paleont.,
vo1.28,n.4, p.398,p1.39,fig.4.

HeZio-discoaster spZendidus (Martini) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster spZendidus Hartini, 1960: Notizbl.hess.L.-Amt.
Bodenforsch.,vo1.88,p.80,pl. IO,figs.25,26,29.

HeZio-discoaster subZodoensis (Bramlette and Sullivan) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster subZodoensis Bramlette and Sullivan,I961: Micropal. ,vol. 7,n.2,p.I62,pl. 12,figs.6a,b.

HeZio-discoaster tani (Bramlette and Riedel) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster tani Bramlette and Riedel,I954: J.Paleont.,vo1.28,
n. 4, p. 397 ,pl. 39, fig. I.

HeZio-discoaster wemmeZensis (Achuthan and Stradner) n.comb.
Basionym: Discoaster wemmeZensis Achuthan and Stradner,I969: Proc.
First Int.Conf.Plankt.Micr.Geneva,p.5,p1.4,figs.3,4,text-fig.2.
Remarks.
The letters accompanying the remarks refer to indications in the text.
(c~) In the new InternationaZ Code of BotanicaZ NomencZature a prov-w'!-on
has been added according to which a genus is typified by a specimen andnot a vaZid species name.
rb) The _generic: names have been simpZified here by substituting the capitaZ Zetters by smaZZ ones.Such an aZteration is recognized by the I.C.B.N.
(articZe 73.2). A further aZteration of the originaZ speZZing ~however~todeZete the hyphen is not admissibZe (I.C.B.N. articZe 20.3.).

INA Newsletter vol.5 - 198320

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INA Newsletter vol.5

1983

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