Inviting Citizens to Waste
Management in Phnom Penh

Ran Yagasa, Policy Researcher,

IGES Centre Collaborating with UNEP on Environmental Technologies (CCET)

22Background: About CCET
Institute of Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)••••

International policy research instituteSustainability Research
Founded in 1998
HQ: Hayama, Japan

UN Environment International Environmental Technology Centre (IETC)• Branch of UN Environment, under Economy Division• Global Centre of Excellence for Waste Management• Osaka, Japan

IGES Centre Collaborating withUNEP on Environmental
Technologies (CCET)••••

Established in March 2015 as a unit within IGES
Waste Management Strategy
knowledge products on waste management topics
Outreach33

CCET– Project Activities Supporting IETC
Development of National and City level Waste
Management Strategies• Cambodia / Phnom Penh
• Myanmar / Mandalay• Maldives – Region 6 & 7

Strengthening the Knowledge Hub and AcademicCurriculum• Case Studies• Policy Reports• Webinars

Outreach and Partnerships for UNEP-IETC in Japan• Events• Publications• Website

SDGs and Waste and Resource Management

Source: United Nations Environment Programme (2017), “Asia Waste Management Outlook”

4SDGs and Waste and Resource Management
Food wasteImprove resource
efficiency

Reduce impact bysound mgt. ofchemicals andwaste
Reduce waste through 3Rs
Fossil-fuel subsidies

Reduce impact by
waste management

Source: United Nations Environment Programme (2017), “Asia Waste Management Outlook”

5

Recycling and composting
Incineration with energy recovery

90%

70%

20%

Incineration without energy recovery

OECD Europe

Italy
United Kingdom
Denmark
Iceland
Luxembourg
Netherlands
SwedenSwitzerland
Belgium
Austria
Slovenia
Korea
GermanyOECD

FinlandUnited States
FranceNorwayIreland
Australia

10%

New Zealand
ChileTurkey
MexicoSlovak Republic
GreeceIsraelJapan
CanadaCzech RepublicHungary
Portugal
PolandEstoniaSpain

All Countries need to Go One Step Further

100%

65%

80%

59%

60%

50%

40%

30%

34%

19%

0%

Landfill

Source: OECD (2015), “Municipal Waste”, OECD Environment Statistics (database)6

Policy Instruments for Sustainable Waste Management

Citizens

Laws
Information
Instruments

Communityorganizations
Government

Feedback
mechanism
PrivatesectorLegal/Admin.
Instruments
Regulations
Standards

Landfill Tax
Deposit Scheme
Pay as you throw

Economic
Instruments

7

Waste Initiative by Surabaya City, Indonesia
Mix wasteHome Composting

Residents Takakura Home Composting
17,000 households

Waste Reduction
Organic Waste

Mix waste

Centralized
CompostingNGO

Takakura Method
Turn out: 7,000t/year
16 facilities, 75 staffs

Source Segregation
Waste BankInorganic waste
Final Disposal

Source: Developed by author based on D.G.J. Premakumara (2013), “Kitakyushu City’s International
Cooperation for Organic Waste Management in Surabaya City, Indonesia and Its Replication in Asian Cities”

8Surabaya’s Success in Waste Reduction
Transition of daily incoming waste amount at the final disposal site
1,819tApprox. 30% reduction

1,241tSource: D.G.J. Premakumara (2013), “Kitakyushu City’s International Cooperation for
Organic Waste Management in Surabaya City, Indonesia and Its Replication in Asian Cities”

9Policy Instruments for Sustainable Waste Management

Citizens

Laws
Information
Instruments

Communityorganizations
Government

Feedback
mechanism
PrivatesectorLegal/Admin.
Instruments
Regulations
Standards

Landfill Tax
Deposit Scheme
Pay as you throw

Economic
Instruments

10State of Waste Management in Phnom Penh

Generation

Collection(limited scale – mixed waste)

Final Disposal(Open landfill withminimum control)

Illegal disposal/treatment
Informal Recycling

Secondarymaterials marketSource: Modified by author based on Yagasa, Hengesbaugh (2018), “Major Treatment and 3R-rRelated Technologies
for MSW” in “State of the 3Rs in Asia and the Pacific – Experts’ Assessment of Progress in Hanoi 3R Goals –”11

Future improvements and Challenges Identified
Limited treatment
options

Inappropriate Inadequate collection service
waste discharge(operation/coverage)
behavior
No Segregation

Generation

SegregatedCollection

Intermediate
Treatment
BiologicalTreatment

Unsound /unsustainable landfill
management

Final Disposal(Sanitary Landfill)

Incineration
Formal Recycling

Illegal/Unsound Disposal/TreatmentSecondaryMaterials Market

Informal Recycling
Source: Modified by author based on Yagasa, Hengesbaugh (2018), “Major Treatment and 3R-rRelated Technologiesfor MSW” in “State of the 3Rs in Asia and the Pacific – Experts’ Assessment of Progress in Hanoi 3R Goals –”12

Five Pillars of Strategy for addressing Challenges

Wastedischarge &Collection

Promotion of3R

Improved
Landfill mgt.

PublicParticipation& Education

Special Waste Management

13Action Area 5: Sharing Vision for Collective Action
Action 5.1.
Promote Citizen Participation in Waste Management Planning

Action 5.2.
Engage the Youth through Environmental Education

Action 5.3.
Engage and Develop Capacity of General Public and Private Sector

14Action 5.1.
Promote Citizen Participation in Waste Management Planninga. Promotion of information disclosure▫ Publish relevant administrative documents
What?
How?

legislations, budget, annual reports, strategy
separation/discharging rules
online, hardcopy

b. Establishing feedback mechanism▫ Organize public hearings and/or conduct opinion surveys▫ Recruit (open recruitment), assign, and invite representative(s) of residents
to key meetings on waste management.

15

Action 5.2.
Engage the Youth through Environmental Educationa. Co-develop school curriculum for environmental education
How?

Collaborate with experts (university), and relevant public agencies
Set vision, mission, goals….etc
time allotted? What materials to be used?

b. Develop educational materials
What?
How?

Waste management as environmental issue, the relation to theindividuals, how students can address such issues…etc.
Text books, case studies, mini-books, leaflets, videos…etc.

c. Develop guidelines on teaching methods
How?

Seek collaboration from expert in pedagogy

d. City Environment AwardWhat?

School competition for promoting 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle)
16

Action 5.2.
Engage the Youth through Environmental Educatione. Provide internships to high-school students
What?

Internship opportunities in public agencies (Ministries, Departments, City Halls)

f. Attach billboards, posters and signs around schools
What message should we deliver?

17

Action 5.3.
Engage and Develop Capacity of General Public and Private Sectora. Awareness raising events targeting citizens and public sector▫ Environmental fair for promoting community recycling▫ Education campaigns (door-to-door, public events)>>> right “media-mix” for right targets▫ Waste management training targeting public officers▫ Engage waste management companies in awareness raising
activities

b. Engage private sector by evaluating economic incentives and market
strategies to encourage appropriate waste management behavior
c. Clean Production Award▫ Incentivizing promotion of clean production in different sector.
▫ Sector-specific award can be developed18

Draft Plan for Pilot Project in Phnom Penh
Initiating Recycling Actions in Local Schools
Information

Recyclables

Tools
Opportunities

GapSchools

Waste Traders

Tangible Benefitsbehavioral change

Improvement offacilities/equipment
19

Key messages:
Promoting public participation through combinationof different policy instruments is an effective strategy
for addressing waste management challenges
Such ideas are embedded in the Draft Waste
Management Strategy currently being developed byPhnom Penh City

20