#814

Autonomous Guide for L4+Vehicles & Trials

AUT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

AutonomousVehicles

Introduction

Today, there are more than 140 pilot services of Level 4 autonomous vehicles in Europe, China, and the USA. The
trials vary significantly on a number of levels – including the level of maturity, the use cases being targeted, andthe sectors that would benefit from the autonomous technologies being trialed.

Executive Summary
What’s New

While these trials share the same level of autonomy, in which all pilots are investigating solutions that would not
require a safety driver, and the same development phase – the surrounding ecosystem is already verycompetitive. Key players within it include legacy OEMs, mobility service providers, start-ups, and even tech giants
like Apple and Alphabet. Likewise, players looking to conduct their own L4 trials will equally face a number of legal
and regulatory hurdles to ensure their autonomous vehicles can operate safely on public roads.

Summary Tables
Go Deeper

The Autonomous Guide for L4+ Vehicles & Trials works to understand these services as they get closer tobecoming a commercial reality. To do so, it benchmarks the maturity of L4 pilots on the road today while
highlighting the latest trends and developments from the space. The key players within this space, alongside theirpartners, are thoroughly profiled by region to account for the development of L4 autonomy around the world.

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Key questions answered> What L4 pilots are themost mature?

> What types of segments
and use cases are theytargeting?

This research supports

Do I have access?

> How far have these pilots
scaled across to newgeographical areas?
PRODUCT PLANNERS

C- S UITEM A R K E T I NG

E NGI NE E R I NG

> What partnerships arebehind the services and how
is the ecosystem evolving?

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Autonomous Guide for L4+ Vehicles & Trials

Contents
814 - L4 Autonomous Vehicles Pilots
Introduction ≫5Go Deeper≫

36▪ Related reports

Executive Summary ≫7-17▪ Unanswered questions

What’s new≫

19-22

Contact Us ≫38▪ Latest announcements▪ Partnerships▪ Commercial L4 projects

Summary Tables≫

24-34▪ Understanding summary tables

Data Deep Dive▪ USA (West)

View and analyze deep datain your own way▪ USA (South)▪ Rest of USA▪ Northern Europe▪ Rest of Europe including Russia▪ Mainland China

Customer Feedback▪ Global

Provide your feedback to SBD
regarding this report

Total number of pages - 38

Introduction

Introduction

Purpose of this guide
There are now over 130+ pilot services of L4 vehicles in the USA, Europe,
China and rest of the world that includes South Korea, Australia, UAE,
Canada, Japan etc. These vary significantly in the level of maturity and use
cases being targeted. As some of these services get closer to becoming acommercial reality, this Guide helps clarify what segments they aretargeting, what technologies they are relying on and what partners areinvolved.
The data supporting this guide is organised in an accompanying Excel
database which enables deep dives into each of the pilots studied, with theability to filter and sort the data by service category, operator, technology,
geographical location etc. This guide draws on the data set to illustrate key
activities in L4 pilots.

SAE Level 4 (the focus of this guide) refers toautonomous vehicles that can operate without any driverinteraction but within pre-defined parameters(geographical, weather conditions, etc).

L4HighAutomation

Regional policy is particularly significant on L4 pilots, so in this guide thechapter of regional summary tables provides at-a-glance views of which
regions are supporting pilots of which L4 use cases.
To dive deeper into the technologies and partnerships that are supporting
the L4 pilots, please refer to the accompanying Excel ‘deep dive’.

If you have any questions or feedback on the report, pleasecontact us at info@sbdautomotive.com.

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Example slides
from the reportExecutive Summary

Europe is leading in unmanned L4 pilots, US/China slowly catching
Regions

Proportion of manned and unmanned L4pilots

Key takeaways•

USA is leading in terms of the number of active L4 pilots being conducted across thecountry. Most unmanned pilots are in the ‘Last-mile delivery’ segment as thevehicles/pods used in these trials are small and move on the pavements/sidewalks at avery low speed. Shuttles and ride-hailing pilots are starting to move from manned tounmanned.

•A notable exception is Serve Robotics’ autonomous food delivery trial in Los Angeles thatis unmanned but may need remote monitoring/controlling to carry out the driving
maneuvers at intersections.

•The European L4 trials are predominantly focused on passenger mobility (shuttles &robotaxi) and nearly half of the active pilot projects are without safety drivers.

Manned: 16•

Some of the pilots, though unmanned need remote supervision. For e.g., the Starship’s
last-mile delivery pilot which is commercially operating in a few countries are constantly
monitored by a remote operator.

Unmanned: 11•

China L4 trials are predominantly focused on robotaxis and automated trucks and roughly
40% of the L4 pilots are unmanned.

•Like US and EU, some robotic autonomous delivery pilots in China that use small delivery
pods do not need a safety driver but require constant monitoring by a remote operator
for navigating the intersections.

Unmanned: 2237%
63%

Manned: 37

Unmanned: 14

53%

60%

47%

40%

Manned: 16

88

Executive Summary

Texas is the global hotspot for L4 trucking
15

128Arizona
FloridaVirginia
New Mexico

Non-USKey highlights• 8 out of the world’s 15 live or planned L4 trucking trials are in Texas• Compared to most other US states, Texas has highly permissive testing and deployment policy, with the TxDOT pursuing a collaborative approach with the industry.

• Aurora, Daimler, UPS and Waymo are among those who are present in the state.
99

Executive Summary

Operating Domain

Summary of L4 trials – Manned/unmannedKey Highlights•

Most ‘unmanned’ SAE L4 pilot has
been conducted in ‘Urban’ scenarios
which are further divided into
‘Urban roads’ and ‘Urban(pavements/sidewalks). The‘unmanned’ ride-hailing andshuttles trials that predominantlytook place on private roads or inclosed premises are being
expanded to various public roads,
within a speed limit.

•The autonomous last-mile delivery
and freight yard automation pilots
are mostly ‘unmanned’. Thevehicles/pods/robots used in thesepilots are designed significantly
different than traditional vehicles
and don’t usually have a cabin fordrivers.

•The long-distance pilots on
Highways/inter-highways are all
automated trucking pilots mostly
led by OEMs. These pilots started
with a safety driver but now
companies like Daimler, Aurora,
and Plus are planning ‘unmanned’projects.

•The L4 trials in rural areas are
significantly lower than other‘domains’ indicating a lack ofinterest from the stakeholders.

Urban

RuralInterhighway

Highway

Urban(pavement)

PrivateDelivery (food,parcel, medicine)
10

MannedUnmanned

Freight yard
automation

Automated semi
truck

Shuttle service

Ride hailing

Use Case
10

What’s New

Latest announcements

What? Are the latest key announcements in the SAE L4 space
Latest News
Pony.ai and SAIC AI Lab to Develop Fully Driverless EV Robotaxi
SAIC AI Lab, Pony.ai launched a concept vehicle based on the SAIC Marvel R model and will build out a fleet of autonomous vehicles equipped with Pony.ai’s L4level driverless solutions, over time. The collaboration with SAIC allows Pony.ai to increase its footprint in Shanghai and strengthen its leading position in Tier-1
cities in China.
Pony.ai plans to mass produce robotrucks in China.
Self-driving tech start-up Pony.ai announced Thursday it plans to mass produce autonomous driving trucks in China with equipment manufacturing giant Sany
Heavy Industry.
Baidu Unveils Next - Gen Autonomous VehicleApollo RT6 is purposefully designed for fully autonomous driving, with a detachable steering wheel unlocking space for a more versatile in-car experience. Apollo
RT6 will be put into operation in China in 2023 on Apollo Go, Baidu's autonomous ride-hailing service.
Aurora Innovation demonstrates autonomous vehicles safely navigation on-road.
Aurora Driver’s ability to detect system issues and respond by safely pulling over to the side of the road without any human involvement. A reliable Fault
Management System is essential for safely operating autonomous vehicle fleets for commercial customers and enabling broad commercialization.
DeepRoute.ai announced the results of the latest fully-driverless test of its Driver 2.0 L4 production-ready completes test of its autonomous driving solution
DeepRoute.ai released a video exhibiting a driverless vehicle retrofitted with a production-ready L4 solution on Central Business District roads in Shenzhen,
demonstrating its advanced capacity in complex and challenging traffic environments.

Waymo to test autonomous Cascadia on public roadways
Waymo and Daimler are beginning autonomous driving pilots on public roads with test fleets.
SAIC AI LAB to arm Robotaxis with high-level autonomous driving 2.0 architecture
SAIC AI LAB provided a self-developed software/hardware integrated L4 autonomous driving solution for the newly released 2.0 technology architecture. SAIC AI
LAB launched its latest high-level autonomous driving 2.0 technology architecture on August 16th.

Lyft announces new battle plan in the autonomous vehicle race
Lyft is planning to deploy a massive driverless car fleet beginning in 2023. In anticipation of that milestone the company, which has partnered with self-driving cardeveloper Motional,

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What the Excel
Version Contains

Excel Database Includes

Excel Data Points:

5,000+#814/Autonomous Guide for L4+ Vehicles & Trials

Pilot Company’s Covered:

Excel Tabs:

60+

4

Excel Database Includes

Excel Data Points:

3,000+#814/Autonomous Guide for L4+ Vehicles & Trials

Global OEMs Covered:

Excel Tabs:

40+

5

Excel Database Includes

Excel Data Points:

3,000+#814/Autonomous Guide for L4+ Vehicles & Trials

Global OEMs Covered:

Excel Tabs:

40+

5

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