Collection of summaries of WAVE studies and research（Fiscal 2005）

October 2006

Waterfront Vitalization and Environment Research Center

Major studies conducted by WAVE are described below.
I Study projects related to port-related measures, plans and information
Studies on goods movement
Fiscal year
Studywhen study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study on Enhancement of Port

There is a growing need for international ferries

Functionsand RORO ships in order to handle the increasing
volume of cargo and the demand for greater speeds
due to the increasingly active international tradeand personal exchanges between Japan and other
East Asian countries. The progress in transportationand the integration of municipalities have caused
the hinterlands to be served by ports to become
greater, necessitating the restructuring of ports andharbors. In order to invest in and operate ports andharborsmore

minimizing

effectively andinvestment

efficiently

diversification,

it

by
is

necessary to promote the integration of ports andharbors that serve the same hinterlands.
In view of the present state mentioned above, this2005

study focused on two subjects: (1) the enhancementof port functions for international movement ofgoods and passengers to meet user needs forinternational ferry and RORO shipping routes and(2) the enhancement of port functions for port
integration with the aim of more effective andefficient port investment and operation (hereafter
the two subcategories of study mentioned above arereferred to as "the international ferry and RORO
shipping route development study" and "the port
integration study"). The international ferry andROROshipping

route

development

study

considered the possibility of increasing shipping
routes mainly between Kyushu and other East Asia
countries in proximity of Kyushu, taking into
consideration of the opinions of the people

1concerned, demand trends, and the characteristics
of ferry and RORO ships. In the port integration
study, port integration promotion plans for fiveprefectures in the administrative district (Oita,
Nagasaki, Kumamoto, Miyazaki and Kagoshima)
were drawn up, and port integration in the twoareas selected as integration model areas—the
Matsuura area in Nagasaki Prefecture and the
Sakurajima area in Kagoshima Prefecture—wereconsidered.

2Industrial Trend Analysis Study

The industries located in coastal areas haveplayed an important part in the development oflocal economies and the provision of employment
opportunities. The dramatic changes in theindustrial structure of Japan, however, have caused
the industries located in coastal areas to undergo
considerable changes, greatly influencing local
economies and port cargo. The purpose of thisstudy was to identify and analyze the present
conditions of industrial structure, land use and2005

goods movement related to the industries that arelikely to have a great impact on coastal land use
and port cargo movement and investigate the land
use trends and port cargo movement trends in the
coastal areas in the coming years. This study
focused on 14 industries. Because 13 of theseindustries were already covered by previous
studies, this study aimed to update the previous
study results related to those industries and newly
investigated the tire industry, which is an industryof major influence among the automotive partsindustries.

3

Studyon

Efficiency

Improvement
inof

For the purpose of improving the efficiency ofContainer

container transportation between the ports in theTransportation

Tokyo and Yokohama areas which is heavily(Marine Transportation)

dependent on land transportation (hereafter called"truck transportation") and reducing environmentalloads by achieving modal shift to marinetransportation(hereafter

calledtransportation"),thisconsideredstudy"bargetherealization of barge transportation services.
2005

In view of the results of trial transportation using
multiple barge systems carried out in the previous
year (FY2004), requirements for barge systems,
operation patterns, etc., for barge transportation
services were identified, and experiments wereconducted to verify those requirements.
On the basis of the experiment results, modelcases of regular operation were developed, theeffects of cost reduction and environmental load
reduction measures were verified, and problems tobe addressed for implementation were identified.

4

Studyon

Efficiency

Improvement
inofThis study explored measures to enhance theContainer

efficiency of container transportation between theTransportation

ports in the Tokyo and Yokohama areas in order to(Land Transportation)

become internationally more competitive. Working
groups were formed to deliberate on different
means of transportation (land transportation,
marine transportation, rail transportation) to
identify

concretemeasuresforefficiency

improvement. The working group on landtransportation investigated the state of marine
containertransportation

in

the

Tokyo

and

Yokohama port areas and planned and carried out
a Tokyo–Yokohama joint depot demonstration
experiment and verified the effect of the scheme.
As the first step, the state of the roads in andaround the Tokyo and Yokohama port container
terminal gate areas and arterial roads between
2005

Tokyo and Yokohama were investigated, andproblems related to the land transportation ofmarine containers were identified. In the study, aquestionnaire

surveyoflandcarriers

wasconducted, and GPS units were installed on tractor
heads of 15 land carriers in the Tokyo and
Yokohama port areas for a two-week (December
12 to 24) survey on operation patterns of landtransportation using marine containers (GPSsurvey).
As

a

next

step,

the

constructionofaTokyo–Yokohama joint depot* at Kawasaki Port
was conceptualized in view of the state of marine
containertransportation

in

the

Tokyo

and

Yokohama port areas, and a Tokyo–Yokohama
joint

depot

demonstration

experimentwasconducted to verify the effects of such a depot andidentify problems.

5Study on Improvement of Cargo

It is generally believed that domestic feeder

Handling Efficiency at Containertransportation interconnecting key ports and local

Terminals

ports helps strengthen Japan's competitiveness inthe marine and land transportation network, reduce
physical distribution cost, and promote modal shiftto2005

environmentallyfriendly

modes

of

transportation. Therefore, three types of social
experiments were conducted in the three port areasof critical importance (Ise, Keihin, Hanshin) for thevitalization of domestic feeder transportation to
verify the effectiveness of vitalization measures andidentify problems. As a result, the effectiveness andproblems of individual vitalization measures were
determined.

Study on Measures to Vitalize

It is generally believed that domestic feeder

Domestic Feeder Transportationtransportation interconnecting key ports and local
ports helps strengthen Japan's competitiveness inthe marine and land transportation network, reduce
physical distribution cost, and promote modal shifttoenvironmentallyfriendly

modes

of

transportation. In this study, the Domestic Feeder
2005

Transportation Committee and the Domestic Feeder
Transportation Working Group were formed toinvestigate

the

state

of

domestic

feedertransportation and identify problems. At the sametime, vitalization measures were proposed taking
into consideration the results of social experimentson domestic feeders conducted in another study(Study on Improvement of Container Cargo
Handling, 2005).

6

Study on Container Trends at

This study was conducted for the purpose ofHachinohe Port

investigating the trends in container transportationand the trends of port-related and port user firms inthe Hachinohe Port and surrounding areas topredict container handling needs in the coming
years and identify and study structural andnonstructural problems.
In this study, existing information and statistical
2005

data were collected and questionnaire and interview
surveys of firms located in the hinterland of
Hachinohe Port were conducted to investigate
goods movement at and around Hachinohe Port,evaluate the possibility of container use, estimatecontainer handling needs in the coming years,
investigate the present state of Pier No. 2 in the
Hattaro area and the trends in container ships, andstudies the container berth functions of Hachinohe
Port.

Basic

Study

on

Physical

This

study

identified

measurestodeliver

Distribution Networking during aemergency supplies in the event of a disaster and at

Major Disaster in the Ise Bay

the same time ensure physical distribution neededArea

for business activity by investigating and analyzing
examples of measures taken in connection withhistorical disasters such as the Great Hanshin
2005

Earthquake (Hyogoken Nanbu Earthquake). Fromthe viewpoints of business continuity and earlyrecovery in the event of a major disaster, the study
also focused on how ports and businesses should
cooperate and a desirable form of redundancy
among the important Ise Bay ports and documented
the results as a basic reference for use in the coming
years.

7

Basic Study on Port PhysicalIn this basic study, the actual flow of cargo to andDistribution Network in Okinawa

from Okinawa was investigated to consider
efficientphysical

distribution

networking

inOkinawa.
Existing data such as various statistics andeconomic indices were utilized, and a questionnaire
survey of port users such as shippers was conducted2005

to investigate the actual cargo flow on Okinawa's
main island.
The study revealed that cargo on Okinawa's mainisland is concentrated at Naha Port and thatconsiderable percentages of the goods produced or
consumed in the northern part of the island aretransported by land and exported or imported via
Naha Port.

8

Studies on port space
Fiscal year
Studywhen study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study on Promotion of Proper

Designed as a study on the Program for Promoting

Utilization of Coastal Waters

Proper Utilization of Coastal Waters, this study was
conducted for the purpose of considering various
measures to utilize existing stock, methods foradjusting utilization rules and other related matters.
In the study, the coastal area along Tokyo Bay wasconsidered as a model case, and a canal boating
experience event (social experiment) and a
2005

questionnaire survey were conducted to identify
and sort out present problems and challenges
including ones related to the needs and rules for theuse of coastal waters. As a result, the study revealed
the needs. It was also proposed that in order topromote the utilization of coastal waters, measures
be taken, for example, to adjust the rules for the useof coastal waters, ensure user safety and raiseawareness of self-responsibility.

9

Studyon

Good

CoastalWith the understanding that it is necessary toManagement

Practices

reconsider

Considering

Coastalimprovement approach that has been applied toCharacteristics of Okinawa

Japan's

universal

planning

andcoastal projects in Okinawa and reflect thedistinctive characteristics of Okinawa in coastal
projects, this study was conducted in order todefine good coastal management practices in the
coming years by identifying the characteristics andcharms of the coasts of Okinawa, recognizing thechallenges, and undertaking case studies.
2005

In the study, by performing literature and data
researchandconducting

questionnaire

andinterview surveys of coast visitors and coast
planners, distinctive characteristics of Okinawa
were extracted and measures that should be taken to
create coasts characteristic of Okinawa wereidentified.
In this study, the distinctive characteristics of thecoasts of Okinawa were clarified, and 13 basic
ideas about good management practices for thecoasts of Okinawa and challenges to be undertaken
in order to implement those ideas were proposed.

10Study on Promotion of Use of

Nanao Port is an excellent natural port on Nanao

Nanao Port

South Bay near the midpoint of the Noto Peninsula.
Nanao Port has long prospered as a port of call forships on coastal routes along the Sea of Japan andas a port for trade with the continental countries.
Since its designation as an important port in 1951,
Nanao Port has contributed greatly, as a center formarine transportation. Over the years, efforts havebeen underway for the development and expansionof Nanao Port, and the port now has an extensive
array of port facilities. In order to further contribute2005

to regional development, efforts are being called forto make even more effective use of the existing port
facilities, taking into consideration the emerging
expectations for the port and new approaches being
taken.
This study aimed to evaluate the present state of
the port facilities and port space of Nanao Port andthe emerging expectations for the port, find a theme
for efforts being made to make effective use of
Nanao Port in the coming years, and identify
effective measures to implement the theme and the
direction of efforts to be made by the people andorganizations concerned.

11

Study on Ways to Make Port

The tourism-oriented prefecture of Okinawa is in

Facilities Easier to Use and Moreneed of user-friendly port facilities that are easy toUser-friendly by Making Use ofuse not only for tourists but also for many local

the Characteristics of Okinawa

residents and that make effective use of Okinawa's
characteristics.
In this study, through literature and data researchand other surveys including discussions held ininterview

surveys(lecture

meetings)

andquestionnaire surveys of local businesses, thecurrent usage of existing port facilities and the2005

opinions of users were investigated, and measures
to promote the use of waterfront space in order tomake it more lively were considered.
Furthermore, in accordance with the belief that inorder to make Okinawa Prefecture more attractive,
it is essential to make Naha, which is the gateway to
Okinawa, more attractive, Naha Port (the passenger
vessel wharves in the Tomari Wharf area and theadjacent areas) was considered as a case study, andconcrete measures to make the model area more
lively were proposed.

12Studies on port use and management
Fiscal year
Studywhen study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study on Measures to Promote

The Hokuriku region is the Sea-of-Japan side gateway

Goods Movement in the Hokuriku

to the Far Eastern region of Russia, China, East Asia

Regionand Southeast Asia. It is believed that in the Hokuriku
region, ports greatly contribute to the regional economy
as centers of goods movement and have a wide rangeof economic benefits including direct socio-economic
contributions of the ports themselves to the local
community and an extensive ripple effect.
This study was conducted, therefore, to estimate thedirect and indirect economic effects from the existenceof ports and port facilities, explore the possibilities ofphysical distribution efficiency improvement and goods
movement promotion, and devise measures to achievethem, in order to verify the roles that the ports in the
Hokuriku region play as centers of goods movement.
The economic effects brought about by the existence
2005

of ports and port facilities were evaluated through acase study of Kanazawa Port. In the case study, notonly the economic effects of quaywall construction but
also other effects such as other economic effects andthe job-creating effect and tax-revenue-enhancing
effect after the quaywall goes into service were
measured through industry-related analyses, and theresults were documented as data for public relations
purposes.
Concerning the possibilities of physical distribution
efficiency

improvement

and

goods

movement

promotion in the Hokuriku region and measures toachieve them, the Physical Distribution Measures
Study Group (Chaired by Prof. Tsuneo Nagayama,
Faculty of Economics, Niigata University) was formed.
The study group met twice this fiscal year anddocumented the results of the deliberations.

13Study on Project Appraisal for

The efficiency of public works projects is being

Niigata Coast (West Coast Area)

subjected to rigorous scrutiny. In order to increase
the transparency of public works projects, projectappraisal methods based on cost–benefit analysis
are being employed.
In this study, various effects (prevention oferosion, protection from inundation, conservationof the coastal environment, prevention of traffic
2005

interruption) of coastal projects for the Niigata
Coast (West Coast area and the Agreement Coast)
were evaluated from the economic point of view,
The effects thus determined were regarded as thebenefits of coastal projects, and these benefits were
evaluated in a cost–benefit analysis in comparison
with the costs of coastal projects calculated as thecost of coastal project implementation and the costof the maintenance of coastal facilities.

14

Study on Project for Niigata Port

Niigata Port consists of the West Port Area, which

and Niigata Coast

has developed as an old port of the Shinano River,and the East Port Area, which has been developed
as an excavated port. As the international container
routes to and from Southeast Asia, Pusan and China
have opened over the years, the East Port Area has
become a physical distribution center mainly for2005

foreign cargo. A berth (–14 m) is now underconstruction to enable first port entry of a
55,000-ton-classgrain

quaywallm)(–14

transport

currently

shipat theoperatedataprovisional depth (–13 m).
In the study, the effects of the berth project at
Niigata Port (East Port Area) were evaluated mainly
through cost–benefit analysis, and a policy for thesubsequent stages of the project was drawn up.

15

Study on Public Involvement

The purpose of this study is to collect information

Typeon examples of public works projects for coastal

Management

Plan

for

Coastal Conservation Facilities

conservation facilities that are implemented bybuilding

consensus

throughcommunication

between the people concerned including local
residents (communication-oriented projects).
As public concern about coastal environments
grows,

there

is

a

growing

needforcommunication-oriented projects that seek to build
consensus among the people concerned, but
2005

literature in the field of coasts is limited comparedwith literature in other fields. However, even whena communication-oriented project needs to be
carried out, currently available literature may
provide information on viewpoints and ideas thatare inconsistent or unrealistic, and obtaining such
literature may be very time consuming.
In order to solve these problems, information on
examplesofefforts

toimplement

communication-oriented projects is collected andcollated.

16

Studies on long-term port schemes and regional revitalization
Fiscal year
Studywhen study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study on Long-term Port Schemes

This study was conducted to draw up a "Vision forin Aomori Prefecture

Ports in Aomori Prefecture" for ports (a total of 13
ports,

excluding

Mutsu

OgawaraPort

andSekinehama Port, consisting of two important
points and 11 local ports) and their hinterland areasin Aomori Prefecture that defines the roles to beplayed by the ports and the direction and purposesof port-related efforts in order to contribute to therevitalization of local industries and economy andthe enhancement of convenience in daily life and of
the living environment.
This year, two committee meetings were held, and2005

community conferences were held once. At thesame time, the ideal role and future images of ports
in Aomori Prefecture and measures that need to betaken to achieve the goals were defined, and theresults were incorporated into the Vision for Ports
in Aomori Prefecture.
The future images and the measures to be taken toachieve the goals were considered from theviewpoint of not only physical distribution but also
port community planning closely related toenvironmental

conservation,industry,

tourism,

disaster prevention and hinterland planning, and aset of measures to make multipurpose use of ports
to meet citizens' needs were proposed.

17

Study on Regional Revitalization

From olden times, the ports in Shikoku have been

byserving as centers for the movement of people and

Use

of

Existing

Port

Infrastructure

goods, cultural and other information depots, andcenters for community activities. In recent years,
there has been growing demand not only for the use
of

ports

for

goods

movement,

which

has

contributed to the industrial prosperity of Shikoku
for many years, but also for the restoration ofcenters for regional revitalization efforts including
the enhancement of information depot functions
2005

and the promotion of people's movement bymaking effective use of existing infrastructure suchas passenger terminals.
In this study, measures to make effective use of
the ports and adjacent facilities were consideredand proposed with the aim of restoring such ports
as centers for regional revitalization efforts, andregional revitalization measures were consideredand proposed through the verification of social
experiments focusing on nonstructural measures tobe implemented mainly by local residents.

18

Studyon

Requirements

for

The aim of this study was to identify the port

Physical Distribution Systems ingoods movement problems facing the ports in thethe Kanto Region

Kanto region and define goods distribution
requirements that the ports in the Kanto region
should aim to satisfy in the coming years. As thefirst step, the latest data and statistics werecollected and analyzed, the problems facing theports in the Kanto region were identified, measures
to address these problems were devised, and policy
goals were set. Concrete measures that can be taken
to achieve these goals were considered, andoutcomeindicators

showingthedegreeofachievement of the policy goals were considered.
2005

As the final step, seven indicators, namely, thedirect transportation ratio of containers handled at
ports in the Kanto region, the number ofinternational liners serving the ports in the Kanto
region, the number of European or US routes(loops) served by the world's top class of containers
ships, the number of prefectures more than half of
whose cargoes to and from major European or US
routes pass ports in the Kanto region, the number ofcongestion spots in the ports in the Tokyo and
Yokohama areas, the quantity of Tokyo/Yokohama
port container cargo transported by rail, and thearea of advanced physical distribution facilities
located along the Tokyo or Yokohama coast, were
proposed.

19

for

The purpose of this study was to draw up a

Utilization of the Agreement

scheme for utilizing the Yoriihama area (Agreement

Coast Section of the Niigata

Coast section) of the Niigata Coast (West Coast

Coast (West Coast Area)

Area) in accordance with the intent of new coastal

Study

on

the

Schemeadministration measures and community beachcreation efforts while seeking to building consensus
among local residents before constructing facilities
in the Yoriihama area. This study builds on the
Basic Study on the Scheme for Utilization of theAgreement Coast Section of the Niigata Coast(West Coast Area).
2005

In this study, first, the Scheme for Utilization of
the Yoriihama Coast based on the Scheme for
Utilization of the Yoriihama Coast (Provisional
Policy) (Figure 2) drawn up as the result of the2004 study was drafted while seeking to build
consensus among local residents. Second, in
preparation for the planning and implementation offacilities improvement project in the Yoriihama
area, citizens' meetings were held and questionnaire
surveys were held to establish a system based ontheconsensus

reachedinvolvement (PI) process.

20

throughapublicStudy on Regional Revitalization

Ports have long supported Japan's key industries inbythe area of physical distribution. Social changes in

Use

of

Existing

Port

Infrastructure

recent years, however, are changing the functions
required of ports from merely centers for goods
movement to stages of community revitalization
efforts. This study considered ways to makeeffective use of existing port infrastructure andpromote regional revitalization projects.
2005

Concrete measures being taken to achieve thesegoals include conducting social experimentation
involving the ports that have applied for registration
for the Minato Oasis program, holding meetings ofthe Minato Oasis Council (provisional name)through the cooperation of those ports, andproposingmeasurestopromoteregional

revitalization according to the characteristics ofeach port.

21

Study on Siting Feasibility for

The purpose of this study was to consider theComplex Port Facilities

siting feasibility of complex port facilities for CIQ
and other public organization functions, welfare,business attraction, port promotion, etc., in order toaccelerate the delayed improvement of userconvenienceandfunctional

efficiency

atTamashima Harbor Island where efforts areunderway to improve and upgrade physicaldistribution functions.
In the study, the present states of the study area
and the port were investigated first, and interview
andquestionnaire

surveysof

CIQ-related

administrative organizations and the businesses
2005

concerned were conducted to identify problems andneeds. On the basis of the information thus
obtained, a committee deliberated on siting
feasibility,

functional

requirements

andimprovement policies.
This study considered the local and user needs andthe possibility of siting complex port facilities at theport to upgrade it as a center for international goods
movement and a hub of industrial activity. To
achieve the goals, it was proposed that publicorganizations such as national organizations andport authorities, port information depots, welfare
facilities, and educational facilities such as visitors'
facilities be provided.

22

Study on Port Tourism in Shikoku

In view of the growing local demand for
port-based tourism development, this study was
conducted for social experimentation for evaluating
the feasibility of port tourism in order to define theconcept of "port tourism" reflecting Shikoku's
characteristics and verify the quality of ports in
Shikoku as tourist-attracting spaces.
For the purpose of tourism potential evaluation,questionnaire surveys concerning port tourism wereconducted of citizens living near nine ports in
Shikoku. For two (Takamatsu Port and YawatahamaPort) of those nine ports, the members of the2005

Conference on the Creation of Attractive Ports in
Shikoku

conducted

questionnaire

surveysfield
forinvestigations
tourismandpotential

evaluation and analyzed the differences between theinvestigation results and the results of evaluation by
local residents.
This study revealed the differences between the
results of evaluation of Shikoku's port tourism
potential by local residents and the results ofevaluation by outsiders. In view of the findings ofthis study, a generalized format of a port tourism
potential evaluation sheet and requirements for
effective public relations related to evaluation
results were proposed.

23

Study on Measures to Promote

Because of its outstanding seascapes, the Inland

Inland Sea Cruise Tourism

Sea has now become a popular cruise route forlarge cruisers, but the number of tourists visiting
coastal and inland tourist spots is not as large as
expected in recent years. This study was conducted,
therefore, to design cruising routes that willcontribute to an increase in the number of people
visiting the area, regional revitalization and theutilization of ports including the ports of isolatedislands, verify the degree of attractiveness of theroutes and the convenience of port facilities
throughsocialexperimentation,

andproposeconcrete measures that can be taken for project
implementation.
2005

In this study, data research and interview andquestionnaire surveys of Shodoshima (Shodo
Island), Naoshima (Nao Island) and the Seto Bridge(Seto Ohashi Bridge) area in Kagawa Prefecture
were conducted to collect basic information mainlyon the present state, convenience and popularity of
tourist facilities and port facilities. On the basis of
the information thus obtained, social experiments
on cruising skirting the isolated islands of theInland Sea were conducted, and citizens' needs
were determined from the results of questionnaire
surveys of the participants.
From these study results, conditions were
determined for the realization of new cruisingprograms, and concrete measures to be taken were
proposed.

24

StudyonCommunity

Beach

The Ports and Harbors Bureau of the Ministry ofCreation

Land, Infrastructure and Transport has been
considering the possibilities of community beachcreation as a means of realizing the concept ofbeach creation by "the creation of a new beachculture." This study was conducted with the aim ofidentifying ways to bring the methods that havebeen practiced for community beach creation invarious parts of Japan into more widespread use
throughout the country and ways to upgrade local
efforts to the desired level of community beachcreation efforts.
In the study, detailed document reports wereprepared by conducting deep boring surveys at2005

selected community beach project sites. At thesame time, methods for addressing the problems
and challenges encountered by the organizations
that carried out community beach model projects
last year and concrete measures to be taken to do sowere determined. On the basis of these results, a
handbook titled "A Guidepost for Community
Beach Creation" describing check points andimportant considerations was compiled to draw
public attention to community beach creation andto help them initiate their efforts and realize theideal of community beach creation.
As a result, not only details of advanced projects
but also "ideas" and "the roles the administrative
organizations
documented.

25

are

expected

to

play"

were

Studyon

PortCommunity

Naze Port has long supported the lives of the

Planning for Naze Port

people and the industries of Amami Oshima Islandand served as a center for the movement ofpassengers and goods. In recent years, however,
Naze Port has been increasingly isolated from thepeople living there mainly because of the increasein the use of aircraft.
In 2004, a large passenger ship berth went into
service, and a landscaped hinterland will go into
service. Thus, Naze Port's assets that can be usedeffectively have increased.
This study was conducted to help promote the"Amami's Port Community Creation" project
involving a variety of citizens participating in
exchange activities to make Naze Port a more
comfortable port and a more useful port for the2005

local community and to contribute to the creation of
an attractive port town by public involvement.
Two similar conferences were held in the past, andthe wishes expressed at the conferences mainly
concerned a Naze Port improvement project. This
study was conducted, therefore, with the aim ofdrawing up a concrete plan for Amami's Port
Community Creation to be implemented mainly by
citizens and establishing a council.
Although the study is titled "Study on Port
Community

Planning

for

Naze

Port,"

theconference was named "the Conference on Amami'sPort Community Planning" partly because Naze
City became part of Amami City in April, 2006, asa result of the merger of the municipalities andpartly because Naze Port is a port that supports theentire Amami Oshima Island.

26

Study on the Contribution of

In recent years, a growing number of landscaped

Kanto's Coastal Areas to People's

areas, parks, beaches, tidal flats, and otherLives

lively-activity

facilities

includingcommercial

facilities have been sited in coastal areas including
natural coasts in the Kanto region (hereafterreferred to as "Kanto's coastal areas"). Since theperiod of rapid economic growth, coastal industrial
areas have been formed through land reclamation.
These coastal areas have served as the driving force
behind Japan's economic activities in those days,
and

there

are

still

high

concentrationsofmanufacturing and other industries in those areas.
Thus, Kanto's coastal areas are closely related topeople's lives by not only providing places forleisure and recreation activities of the people in theTokyo metropolitan area and beach sightseeing but
2005

also contributing in local employment, income andlocal economic growth. In addition, in the Kanto
region there are a number of islands, such as the Izu
Islands and the Ogasawara Islands, with scenic
landscapes and unique historical and cultural
heritage. The ports of these islands have contributed
to people's lives on isolated islands and local
economy including the tourism industry.
In view of these, this study was conducted for the
purpose of identifying requirements and goals for
Kanto's coastal areas and developing numericalindicators (items) by analyzing the role andcontribution of Kanto's coastal areas, mainly
through literature research, from the viewpoints of"people's lives," "employment and income" and"isolated island."Because of space limitation, this paper focuses
mainly on "people's lives" in Kanto's coastal areas.

27

Study on Measures for Port

This

study

considered

measures

for

port

Integration

integration for five ports of Omi Island andOkajima Island located in Ibamari City, Ehime
Prefecture, and local ports in Kagawa Prefecture.
Port integration refers to a series of efforts tointegrate a number of ports that have been operated
independently in order to eliminate investment
redundancy for more effective and efficient port
2005

investment and operation.
In this study, the Port Integration Plan describing
the requirements for the integration of the five ports
in Ehime Prefecture and measures to promote andsupport such port integration was drafted in order tocontribute to port integration planning in the
coming years. For Kagawa Prefecture, integration
areas were proposed, and preliminary study results
were documented in preparation for further port
integration efforts.

Study on Measured to Promote

Since its designation in 1986 as an important port

the Use of Sukumo Port

for promoting the development of the southwesternpart of Shikoku, Sukumo Port has been improved
through various projects including the developmentof an industrial and distribution park and theconstruction of large quaywalls. The Katashima
area serves ferry services to Kyushu (Saeki) and2005

regular lines to Okinoshima and has a passenger
terminal. The number of visitors has decreased inrecent years, and a decline in the vitality of the area
has become a problem.
In view of these circumstances, this study explores
ways to make effective use of existing port-related
facilities at Sukumo Port and consider community
improvement measures with port area residents
through workshops and report meetings.

28

Port EDI projects
Projects for supporting port EDI system operation
Fiscal year
Studywhen study

Study outline

wasconducted

Management and Operation of

The Port EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)

Port EDI System

System has been in operation since fiscal 1999 as
an effort to simplify and computerize port-related
procedures to be performed by port masters andport authorities. In fiscal 2003, quarantine, which isa task to be performed by the Ministry of Health,Labour and Welfare, was added as an additional
task to be performed. The system was theninterconnected with the customs information
processing system (Sea-NACCS) operated by the
Ministry of Finance, etc., and the Ministry ofJustice's foreigner entry and departure information
system to create a single-window environment for
2005

providing one-stop services so that users can accessother systems as part of the export/import or
port-related procedures. System modifications werealso made for the standardization and simplificationof the port entrance/departure report forms under
the Convention on Facilitation for International
Maritime Traffic signed in November, 2005, andthe standardization and simplification of the forms
for the pre-entrance/pre-departure procedures. This
study concerns the management and operation
tasks, such as monitoring system operation andproviding assistance to system users, so thatelectronic information for procedures performed by
the system on a daily basis can be processedsmoothly and efficiently.

29

Assistance and enlightenment for

The Port EDI System went into experimental

the implementation of the Port

operation in 1999 as an electronic application

EDI Systemsystem for port procedures required by port masters
and port authorities. Since then, the scope ofelectronic application procedures handled by thesystem has been gradually expanded. In July, 2003,
a system interconnecting the systems operated by
the ministries and agencies concerned want into
operation. System modifications were also made forthe standardization and simplification of the vessel
entrance/departure
Conventiononreportforms

Facilitation

for

under

the

International

Maritime Traffic (a convention signed in 1965
concerning the simplification of procedures related
2005

to international maritime traffic) concluded in
November this year, and the standardization andsimplification

of

the

forms

for

the

pre-entrance/pre-departure procedures. By the endof fiscal 2005, system modifications (modifications
forconvenience

improvement)

includingmodifications to meet user needs and modification
items specified in an optimization plan were madeso as to improve the user environment. In this study,
therefore, a series of tasks related to the assistanceandenlightenment

neededforsystemimplementation in order to familiarize users withnew system operation procedures, enable a smoothchangeover, and assist new users in participating inelectronic application.

30

Studies on the use of information technology for ports
Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconductedof

The Port EDI System went into experimental

efficiency in port authority tasks

operation in 1999 as an electronic application

for port-related procedures

system for port procedures required by port masters

Study

on

improvement

and port authorities. Since then, the system has
undergone various modifications to enhance theconvenienceforapplicants

includingtheimplementation of a single-window environment,
modifications

toachieveconformity

Conventionon

Facilitation

for

to

the

International

Maritime Traffic and modifications under an
optimization

plan.

The

port

authorities

areresponsible for some of the port-related procedures
handled by the Port EDI System and perform those2005

tasks as authorizing organs. Many authorities
receive applications and perform tasks such ascompiling statistics and collecting facility use fees.
In order to improve the efficiency of theport-related tasks, it is necessary to study the
relationship among related tasks and necessary
items systematically.
This study aims to investigate the tasks erformedby port authorities in connection with port
rocedures and other related procedures and the stateof applicants and develop guidelines for improving
the efficiency of the tasks performed by port
authorities so that the Port EDI System can be mademore convenient for its users.

31

Study for the development of aIn

standardized

announced

port

surveyevaluation systemfiscal

2003,
a

the

new

Japanesepolicygovernmentforstatisticaladministration, stating that the government aimed toachieve efficient and smooth implementation of
statistical surveys and take up various challenges
such as reducing the workload for reporters.
For

port

surveysconducted

forcompiling

designated statistics, with the aim of reducing theworkloadofapplicantsandshipping

companies

simplifying

and

and

other

streamlining

statistics-related tasks, it is required that necessary
data be extracted from the existing data inpossession of certain organizations such as Nippon
2005

Automatic Cargo Clearance System Operations
Organization (NACCS) and used effectively forsurvey purposes.
In this study, the basic design and detailed designof a port survey evaluation system for compiling
port survey statistics by using Sea-NACCS andother data in electronic form and domestic andinternational shipping data in nonelectronic form
were developed on the basis of the results of theport survey and the Sea-NACCS data accuracy
analysis and the design and analysis results for the
port survey evaluation system performed as part of
the Fact-finding Survey on the Promotion ofElectronic

Data

Collection

conducted in fiscal 2004.

32

in

Port

SurveysStudy on Simplification of Port

Since the forms for the "sea-side" port procedures

Procedures

such as port entrance/departure report forms and theform for applying for the use of mooring facilities
have been simplified and standardized following thesigning of the Convention on Facilitation forInternational Maritime Traffic, this study considers
the simplification and standardization of the forms
for the "land-side" port procedures such as the form
for applying for the use of cargo-handlingequipment in order to further enhance the2005

convenience for port users.
In this study, the integration and elimination offorms and items, the standardization of names, theintegration of multiple procedures, and a reductionof the number of applications by extending theperiod for which permission is granted wereconsidered, and an interview survey of port
authority members was conducted. The study
showed that it is possible to simplify the land-side
port procedures such as the procedure for applying
for permission for the use of cargo-handlingequipment.

33

II Study projects related to the port environment and environmental ISO
Studies on environmental policies, environmental education andenvironmental restoration technology
Fiscal year
Studywhen study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study on the Development of aThis study was conducted for the purpose of

Marine Environment Database

constructing and making effective use of Tohoku
CoastalEnvironment

Information

organizationforsharingenvironmental

information

andCenter,andisseminatingnecessary

for

the

conservation, restoration and creation of theexcellent environment of Tohoku's coastal area. In
this study, a committee of researchers and local
government personnel met to discuss ways to makeeffective use of the information center, the2005

standardizationofenvironmental

information,

maintenance in the coming years, and theenvironmental education function to be added as a
new function, and an information sharing guideline(information sharing rules) was drawn up. In
addition, the information sharing function (aclearing house of information on Tohoku's coastal
environment) was improved, and the capability toregister information on results achieved by using
the information center was added in order toincrease the advantages for the persons who haveprovided meta data (study outline data).

34

Study on Restoration Methods forThis study was conducted for the purpose of

Muddy Tidal Flats

integrating existing knowledge about muddy tidal
flats

gainedthroughon-sitedemonstration

experiments and develop an effective method forrestoring a muddy tidal flat in order to establish a
muddy tidal flat creation technology that can beused to restore muddy tidal flats such as the Ariake
Sea and Yashiro Sea tidal flats by utilizing dredged
material.
2005

In this study, which was started in fiscal 2003,
existing knowledge about muddy tidal flats has
been reviewed, problems and challenges concerning
the muddy tidal flat environment have been
identified, and plans for tidal flat experimentationand monitoring have been drawn up. In fiscal 2005,
tidal flat experiment facilities were constructed,
and, on the basis of monitoring survey results
obtained

after

an

experiment

began,

theeffectiveness of the tidal flat experiment cases andthe tidal flat experiment plan were evaluated.

35

Validation Study on Algal Bed

In a scheme for algal bed creation by using

Creation at Omaezaki Portenvironmentally

cooperative

breakwaters,theMaster Plan for Algal Bed Creation at Omaezaki
Port aims to create new algal beds in breakwaterzones by using algae growing in still water zones as
spore sources.
In the multiyear study which began in fiscal 2000,
large-scale transplanting of mother algae into
still-water

zones

was

carriedout

andfeeding-damage control measures were taken, and a
2005

monitoring study was conducted. The monitoring
revealed the existence of newly generated algae
outside the still-water zones, indicating that
slit-type caissons are capable of functioning as
spore supply devices.
In fiscal 2005, monitoring was continued, and it
confirmed the coexistence of the mother algaetransplanted in 2003, the second-generation algaethat germinated in 2004, and the third-generation
algae that germinated in 2005, and the formation ofsmall-scale algal beds in the still-water zones.

Study

on

NatureRestoration

In this study, information was collected on

Techniques

examples of advanced nature restoration projects
that are also advanced in terms of places of activity
other than seashores and of mechanisms to develop
2005

practical restoration techniques. For the purposes of
thisstudy,

acommittee

composedoftherepresentatives of the organizations implementing
different projects was formed to discuss theexamples selected, and the results were madeavailable to the public.

36

Study on Ways to Utilize Existing

The Action Plan for the Restoration of Osaka Bay

Breakwaters

formulatedinMarch,

2004,

positionsthe

Nishinomiya Breakwater as an appealing feature of
the Nishinomiya area. Because the Nishinomiya
Breakwater is a very long (about 4 km long)
structure and its coast-side face and ocean-side faceare vertical, wakame (edible seaweed) culture has
2005

been continued experimentally since fiscal 2004 as
an advanced project in the Osaka Bay area.
The main focus of the monitoring conducted forthe purposes of this study was on whether or not a
new generation of wakame is produced from the
wakame planted in December, 2004. In fiscal 2005,
therefore, the wakame seaweeds planted in 2004
were monitored to observe their growth andconsider methods of cutting and using wakame.

Study on the Marine Environment

In

this

study,

theresultsoftheroutineof the Ariake and Yashiro Seas

environmental study conducted in 2004 were
documented to make them available to the public,
and the contents of the study were reviewed. Prior
to making recommendations (fiscal 2007) on
conservation and restoration projects that can be
implemented in the two sea areas, a special
2005

environmental study was also conducted focusing
on siltation and oxygen-deficient water, which areamong the important themes for studies on theenvironmental changes occurring in the two sea
areas. The results thus obtained were evaluatedfrom the technical viewpoint, and a plan for fiscal
2006 was drawn up. At the same time, items to beincorporated into the 2007 recommendations wereidentified.

37

Study on Management Method for

In the Wake area of the Matsuyama Port Coast

Algal Beds in the Wake Area

located in the northern part of Matsuyama City, thealong the Matsuyama Port Beachhabitat of the algal species Zostera japonica(koamamo in Japanese) is in danger of being buriedin silt. It was therefore decided to transplant thealgae to an adjacent area of the sea and protect them
until the artificial nourishment of the beach is
2005

completed and, after the completion of the beachnourishment, transplant the algae back to theirhabitat so that the algal beds can be restored.
Conducted with the aim of re-establishing theZostera japonica communities on an artificiallynourished beach, this study focused on methods forconserving

the

algal

communities

bytransplantation.
Study on Nature Restoration in

In this study, a monitoring study of amamo

Urban Coastal Areas(Zostera marina) in Tokyo Bay was conducted incooperation with citizens and NPOs with the aim ofrestoring algal beds. At the same time, in the study,
the method of raising common awareness and2005

building consensus among the people concerned
toward the realization of a nature restoration projectin an urban coastal area through amamo seeding
events and monitoring, and public involvement
methods were considered, and standard methods
were documented.

38

Study on Marine Environmental

This study aimed to propose a concept for an

Technology for the Inland Sea

engineering study on methods for creating a tidal
flat bed in the Ebi area based on site investigation
results. In the Inland Sea area, there is growing
demand for a new type of tidal flat fill material to
be used in place of sea sand (hereafter referred to as"sea sand substitute") because the extraction of sea
sand in the Inland Sea area has been banned for2005

environmental conservation. In order to consider,through various opportunities for exchanging
views, the possibilities for creating an institutionalframework for providing assistance for efforts topromote the use of a sea sand substitute, many
people in various positions were asked how they
thought about the present problems and the
direction of future efforts, and the results werestudied.

Study

on

DisseminationofIn this study, a symposium for providing

Information on the Inland Sea

information on the Inland Sea Environmental

Environmental Remediation Plan

Remediation Plan drawn up by the Chugoku
Regional Development Bureau, etc., was plannedand held in order to help the administrators and2005

citizens interested in improving the environment of
the Inland Sea gain a better understanding of thenecessity of environmental remediation. The resultsof the symposium were put together, and a Web siteplan by which to disseminate information was
proposed.

39

Study on Methods for Networking

In this study, a number of case studies werein the Kyushu Region

conducted, in the Kitakyushu Port area managed by
the Kitakyushu Port and Airport Development
Office, to investigate the methods of cooperation
between groups engaged in various activities incoastal areas and administrative organizations andthe methods of networking among those groups. In
2005

the study, groups engaged in environment-related
activities that were considered to be essential for
networking were selected and classified, andconcrete activities necessary for networking wereidentified. Then, a case study was conducted on one
activity in each set of networking activities to
identify and consider achievements and problems,and methodologies of networking were proposed.

Study

on

Environmental

Verification

of

The

purposes

of

this

study

are

problem

Improvement

identification and verification to accomplish the

Measures for a Semi-enclosed

marine environment remediation efforts using

CoastalSea

through

Public2005

Involvement

Mytilus galloprovincialis (moule) that are underway
as part of a government–public partnership topromote a close relationship with the beach in daily
life.

Seaweed Environment Study forThis study was conducted to obtain information

the Yatsushiro Port Environmental

needed to select an appropriate seaweed bed

Improvement Project

creation method needed to make up for the seaweed
bed that will disappear as a result of the seawall
construction being carried out on the south side of2005

Yatsushiro Port (Otsukushima area). In this study,
therefore, seaweed bed creation testing (suspended
sediment control) to be conducted on an existingseawallwasenvironment

considered,
study

was

and

a

conducted

seaweedinthe

Otsukushima area and at the seaweed establishment
test site.

40

Study on Methods of Coral Reef

This study was conducted for environmental

Friendly Port Improvement

conservation in port improvement. Focusing oncoral reefs as places for ecosystem conservation,
this study reviewed the past efforts of Okinawa
General Bureau and past studies on coral reefs
conducted by universities, research institutions, etc.,
and identified coral reef friendly port improvement
methods.
2005

In fiscal 2005, the data used for the 2004 and 2005
reports were reviewed, and the latest trends in coral
reef research were studied. Then, on the basis ofCoral Reef Survey Handbook compiled in 2004 as aresult of the past studies, the results of monitoring
being conducted at each office in the administrative
district were diagnosed and evaluated, and thepracticesprescribed

in

the

handbook

wereexamined at a committee of experts.
Study on the Development of aIn this project, in order to create a manual of

Handbook of Rare Species in theenvironmentally considerate practices for a public

Awase Area of Nakagusukuwan

water reclamation project in the Awase area at

Port

Nakagusukuwan Port and obtain reference data for2005

futureenvironmental

studies,

a

study

was

conducted, on the basis of existing environmental
study results and literature, to develop a handbook
on the physical features of and ecologicalinformation on the rare species found in the project
area.

41

Study on Methods of Utilization

The Chubu Regional Development Bureau of theof

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport

CoastalEnvironment

Information

pointed out "the development of a database of
information on the environment of the Inland Sea"
as a means of implementing environmental
remediation under the Inland Sea Environmental
Remediation Plan. In order to contribute to theimplementation of the environmental remediation,
2005

Hiroshima Port and Airport Technical Investigation
Office has been conducting a study since fiscal
2004 to create the Inland Sea Environmental
Information

Center(provisionalname),

anorganization capable of disseminating and sharing
information such as the outlines and locations
useful data stored at different organizations.
This study was conducted in preparation for theconstruction of the information center that will open
partially in fiscal 2007.
CreationofEnvironmental

the

Osaka

Bay

In this project, the Osaka Bay Environment

Information

Restoration Information Council (provisional name)

Network

was set up for the environmental monitoring for
Osaka Bay restoration efforts under the Action Planfor the Restoration of Osaka Bay (Osaka Bay
Restoration Council; adopted on March 26, 2004).
The council deliberated on the collection anddissemination of information and monitoring and2005

research involving the general public. Programs formonitoring and other activities involving thegeneral public were developed, and a platform forthe participation of and cooperation with citizens
and NPOs was created. In addition, the Osaka Bay
Environmental Database was improved to provide
information on Osaka Bay to a wide variety ofpeopleincludingresearchers.

42

administrators,

citizensandEnvironmental

This study was conducted for the purpose of

Restoration Technology for theconsidering the purification of the water and bed

Nakagawa Canalmaterial of the Nakagawa Canal at Nagoya Port in

Study

on

order to implement environmental conservation andrestoration measures for Ise Bay effectively andefficiently.
In the study, field reconnaissance was conductedon the right and left banks and at the upstream endof the Nakagawa Canal in autumn and winter, andinformation on examples of water quality and bed
material quality improvement measures and thetechnology for water and bed material purification2005

was collected and collated, in order to investigate
the present state of the canal. As a result, the study
revealed the present state of the functions of thecanal and the conditions of water quality and bed
material quality in autumn to winter. The next step
is collect information on the rest of the year byinvestigating the conditions surrounding water andbed material in spring to summer, identify thecharacteristics of the canal, and set numerical goals
for each area. This study also proposed a set oftechnical measures to restore the water quality andbed material quality environment of the Nakagawa
Canal.

of Public

This study was conducted to collect and classify

Involvement Type Environmental

representative cases of public involvement type

Study

on

MethodRestoration for the Inland Sea
Area in Yamaguchi Prefecture

2005

environmental restoration in the Inland Sea area
centered around Yamaguchi Prefecture and propose
a method for implementing the restoration project
effectively.

43

Commissioned Supervision of Sea

In fiscal 1998, the Kojima Port Coast (Karakoto

Grass Bed Study for Public PortArea) Eco-coast Planning Committee drew up a

Coastalplan for using the integrated coastal protection

Environment

Improvement and Restoration

method by means of artificial beach nourishment
forcoastalcombines

improvement

disasterthatharmoniously

prevention,

environmental

conservation and coast utilization and restoring(transplanting) the sea grass beds lost as a result of
the beach nourishment work on a newly nourishedbeach.
In the project area, a transplanting test area was set
up in 1999, a transplanting test area and a seeding
2005

test area in 2001, and a medium-size pilot project
area in 2001 and 2002 for continued monitoring.
In this year, an attempt has been made at adaptive
management of restored sea grass beds including
the acquisition of new knowledge in view ofexisting knowledge and the present state (e.g.,
restored sea grass beds, surroundings) of the
Karakoto

area.

In

this

study,

theadaptivemanagement was checked at each stage.
In

this

project,

adaptivemanagement

wasperformed at each stage of the sea grass life history(growth, decline) was performed, and the Plan for
Sea Grass Restoration Following the Changes in the
Coastal Improvement Plan was drawn up.
Osaka Bay Environmental Study

With the aim of establishing technologies to solvetheenvironmental

problems

of

Osaka

Bay

including a decline in the amenity-oriented qualityof waterfront, a decline in biodiversity, the2005

degradation of water quality, and the deteriorationof landscapes, this study was conducted to elucidate
the mechanisms of those problems, paying attention
to

such

factors

ascoastalandsubmarine

topography, tidal currents, seawater exchange andpollutant loads.

44

Study on Methods for Improving

This study was undertaken to contribute to the

Osaka Bay's Marine Environment

Osaka Bay restoration project by conducting
2005

demonstration

experiments

toestablish

environmental improvement technologies for the
restoration of Osaka Bay.
Study

on

Methodsfor

The direction of the conservation and utilization ofConservation and Utilization of

the natural environment of the Toriver district at

the Natural Environment at Hirara

Hirara Port was considered in a study conducted inPort

2004. This year's study considered concretemeasures such as holding nature experience eventsand carrying out ecotourism activities for local
2005

residents and visitors while conserving the naturalenvironment of the Toriver district. By evaluating
the progress of improvement in the Toriver district
and the results of the nature experience events held
to promote utilization, short-term problems wereidentified, and measures that can be taken by thepeople concerned were considered.

45

StudyfortheConservation

of

Plan
the

for

The Urasoe Pier area in the Naha Port area has

Marinediverse ecosystem components including rare algal

Environment at Naha Port

species such as kasanori (Acetabularia ryukyuensis)
and hosoegasa (Acetabularia caliculus), coral reefs
and tidal flats. The Ministry of the Environment andthe Department of Cultural and Environmental
Affairs of the Okinawa Prefectural Government
require that the port plan be further developed after
conducting even more detailed surveys and studies
to make sure that the environment is protected. To
meet this requirement, the designation of a marine
2005

environment conservation zone has been planned sothat the project can be implemented while
protecting the animals and plants.
In this study, necessary surveys were conducted
and a total of eight committee meetings were held
over three years since fiscal 2003 so as to carry out
concrete marine environment conservation plans. It
was decided to draw up a concrete marine
environment conservation plan by (1) investigating
the present state, (2) conducting experimental tankcultivationofkasanoriandhosoegasa,(3)

developing utilization measures and (4) conducting
committee activities.
Study on Methods of Assistance

As a means of promoting the creation of a port andfor Environmental Learning

marine environment in the Inland Sea coast areawith the involvement of cooperation with thegeneral public, the Ube Port Office compiled "Tidal
Flat Environmental Learning Handbook" to assist in
learning about the nature in the Inland Sea area.
2005

The purpose of this study is to consider methods
for making more effective use of Tidal Flat
Environmental Learning Handbook compiled in2003 and 2004 and, in view of the results thus
obtained,developmethodsformarineenvironmental learning for the general public andelementary and junior high school students.

46

Study on the Conservation of theThis study was conducted to identify an area inEnvironment of Nakagusukuwan

which an artificial island can be constructed.

Port

As the first step, the conditions and habitat(AwaseArea)

Artificial

requirements

Islandhistophorus)oftokagehaze
and(Pseudodichotomosiphon(Scartelaos
kubiremidoro

constricta)

wereinvestigated through literature research and cases
studies from adjacent coasts.
Bottom shear stress and Shields number under2005

high wave conditions in the areas currently
inhabited by tokagehaze and kubiremidoro were
calculated to investigate the relationship between
external force and bottom sediment in habitats
subjected to high waves.
By using sediment rain size, ground level, etc., asgiven conditions, bottom shear stress and Shields
number distributions in the case of artificial island
construction were calculated, and a site suitable for
artificial tidal flat construction was selected.

Study on Methods of Wide-area

The Ise Bay Restoration Committee is deliberating

Monitoring for Ise Bay's Marine

on measures to be taken to restore the water

Environment

environment and the ecosystem as part of theenvironmental

conservation

andrestoration

measures taken in order to restore Ise Bay. Amongthe measures being considered, monitoring is
2005

positioned as an important element. In this study,
therefore, as a follow-up measure after the
implementation of the Ise Bay restoration measures,ways to make effective use of wide-area monitoringof Ise Bay and Mikawa Bay using high-frequency
radar, which will be started in fiscal 2006, wasconsidered.

47

Study on Methods of Artificial

This study was conducted for the purpose of

Tidal Flat Stabilization

selecting an artificial tidal flat stabilization method
most suitable for the artificial tidal flat in Mikawa
Bay's

Nishiura

area

createdinamarineenvironment creation project by comparing andevaluating landform stabilization methods that do
not impair the water purification function.
As the first step, requirements for a tidal flat
having an excellent water purification function wereidentified by examining theresults

ofthemonitoring conducted, focusing mainly on water
quality, bottom sediment quality, benthos andsounding, in the Nishiura area on a continual basis
from fiscal 1999 to 2004. Then, topographic
requirements for an artificial tidal flat were2005

identified,

the

local

meteorologicalandoceanographic conditions were determined, and thecauses of landform changes were identified.
Literature research was also done to identify
commonly used tidal flat stabilization methods, andafter evaluating their applicability to the project sitefrom the viewpoints of nurturing of life, landformchange control and beach utilization. As a result, thelist of the methods considered was narrowed down
to three methods: (1) the beach nourishment method(without appurtenant facilities), (2) the detachedbreakwater

method

and

(3)

the

submerged

breakwater method.
The cross sections created by these methods were
estimated. Then, constructibility was evaluated, thequantities of work were calculated, and theconstruction cost was estimated.

48

Studies on harmful substances, recycling and wastes
Fiscal year
Studywhen study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study on Supply of On-shore

After coming alongside a pier and getting moored,Power to Ships

a ship stops its main engine. Since, however,electric power is needed for cargo handling, internal
lighting, ventilation, air conditioning, etc., it iscommon practice to continue to operate a diesel
engine for power generation after berthing. It is
generally said that the method of stopping the diesel
engine after berthing and supplying electric powerfrom an on-shore power supply system (on-shore
power supply method) is one way to reduce
emissions of harmful substances contained in diesel
exhaust gas, such as sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogenoxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM), andcarbon dioxide (CO2), which is the main component
2005

of greenhouse gases, into the atmosphere.
In Japan, on-shore power supply has beenpracticed on a small scale. If, however, it is to bepracticed widely and on a larger scale as anenvironmental conservation measure, it is necessary
to introduce large-capacity on-shore power supply
systems as in other countries.
In this study, with the aim of estimating theamount of reduction in carbon dioxide emission,
identifying economic and technical problems andproposing ways to realize large-scale on-shore
power supply, questionnaire surveys, fact-finding
surveys using site visits, interviews and literature
research, and case studies using a on-shore power
supply model were conducted.

49

Study on the Bottom Sediment

The Technical Guideline for the Control of

Quality Improvement Effect in a

Dioxins in Bottom Sediments in Port Areas

Semi-enclosed Coastal Sea(hereafter referred to as "the Technical Guideline")developed in 2003 lists sand covering as a means ofblocking the routes for indirect human intake ofdioxins from bottom sediments. The Technical
Guideline states that sand covering is a method forblocking the routes of movement of polluted bottom
sediments by covering them with a layer of
nonpolluted sand or other material, and that themethod is inexpensive and does not require final
disposal. The guideline also states, however, thatsince the polluted bottom sediments are not2005

removed, stability of the sand cover against waves
and other disturbances and continual monitoring are
required.
Sandcoveringisaneffective

methodofcontainment because it is generally said that dioxins
are insoluble and strongly adhere to soil particles.
Verylittleisknown,

however,

about

the

effectiveness and long-term stability of sandcovering.
In this study, the effectiveness of covering withrecycled materials was verified. For that purpose, alaboratory experiment plan was drawn up andnumerical analyses based on experimental results
were conducted to consider an appropriate cover
thickness, long-term stability, etc.

50

Commissioned

Study

on

A preliminary survey conducted in preparation for

Treatment and Disposal of Sludge

the dredging of the Tsukiji River revealed that theDredged In the Hamarikyu Area

dioxin concentrations in the bottom sediments
exceeded the criteria for bottom sediment quality insome areas. This made it necessary, therefore, tostudy measures that can be taken in connection withthe bottom sediments polluted with dioxins.
2005

In the study, the scope of treatment or disposal andthe volume of material to be treated or disposed ofwere determined, and a work plan was drawn up. It
was decided to draw up a work plan in accordancewith the applicable laws and regulations and the
Revised Technical Guideline for Control Measuresfor Dioxins in Bottom Sediments in Port Areas(December, 2003, Ports and Harbors Bureau,
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport).

Study

on

MarinePollution

In this study, the actual occurrence and usage ofControl Measures in Port Areas

dredged material were investigated in connection
with the Act on Prevention of Marine Pollution andDisasters, a law enacted to enforce the London
Convention Protocol 1996; the guideline for theprocedures for applying for permission for marine
disposalofabovementioned

dredgedlawmaterial
was

under

the

reconsidered

forconformity with the revisions of the related systems
2005

after the guideline was drafted in fiscal 2004; andthe Technical Guideline for Marine Disposal andUtilizationof Dredged Material

was

newly

developed by reference to the opinions of experts.
This study also included the collection andcollation of information on the state of the art andcapability of ballast water treatment systems,
interview surveys of manufacturers, the estimationof the volume of residues left after filtration, andthe evaluation of the environmental impact ofdischarged residues.

51

Study on Maintenance Methods

This study involves a series of studies needed forfor Sea-based Waste Disposal

futureSites

establishing a maintenance system necessary for

manualcompilation

for

the

purposeproper and safe land use after the closure of asea-based waste disposal site.
In this fiscal year, prior to a study on themaintenance method, which is the main focus of themanual, information on maintenance methods for2005

final disposal sites was collected and collated, andrequirements for a disposal site at different stages
from the construction the disposal site to its
decommissioning were determined.
The next step is to assume concrete situations towhich maintenance methods that satisfy theabovementioned requirements to some extent. In
this fiscal year, possible problems in thosesituations were identified.

52

Studies on landscape development,
environmental impact assessment

green

space

planning

andFiscal year
Studywhen study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study on Landscape Planning for

Focusing on the passenger ship terminal and theTomari Wharf at Naha Portterminal area planned in the Wakasa area at Naha
Port by Naha Port Authority, this study evaluatedthe present state of the passenger terminal area andfuture landscapes estimated based on a future planby following the procedures described in the
Guideline for Port Landscape Planning. This study
also performed a future landscape simulation by2005

using a Naha Port virtual reality system andobtained guidance and advice from a committee ofexperts.
The study results were compiled into a report
titled "Landscape Planning for Passenger Terminal
Projects: Considerations and Challenges in the
Coming Years" so that planners can refer to thereport in the subsequent years for information on
considerations in detailed planning and expert
opinions.

Study on Verification of theThis study was conducted to verify the economic

Economic Benefits of Port Green

benefits of the creation of Nagasaki Seaside Park

Space Development

and identify ways to make effective use of the study
results for other green space development projects.
2005

The evaluation of the benefits of the creation ofNagasaki Seaside Park was also made in fiscal 2000
before the part was created by the Nagasaki
Prefectural Government. The results obtained atthat time were compared with the results of thisstudy.

53

Model Case Study on Usability ofThis study verified the port landscape evaluation

the Guideline for Port Landscapemethod described in the

Planning

Guideline for Port Landscape Planning (March,recently published2005, Ports and Harbors Bureau, Ministry of Land,
2005

Infrastructure and Transport) by conducting casestudies of port landscape evaluation.
As in the preceding year, the results of this study
were reflected, after committee deliberations, in thefollow-up activities for the Guideline for Port
Landscape Planning.

Study on Maintenance Methods

This study was conducted for the purpose offor Port Green Space Maintenanceencouraging citizens' groups to participate in themaintenance of port green spaces. In the study, aquestionnaire
2005

surveyofportmanagers

wasconducted concerning maintenance practices. The
object and scope of management and the roles ofmanagers were also determined, and ways toinvolve citizens' groups and utilize the designatedmanager system were considered.

54

Study on Vegetation at New

This study was conducted for the purpose of

Kitakyushu Airport

investigating the initial growth condition of thevegetation planted at New Kiyakyushu Airport,
which was under construction for completion in
March, 2006, and conducting growth surveys andgreening goal achievement evaluation in order toobtain basic data needed to achieve and maintainthe green space function in the coming years.
The greening works at the airport are designed toachieve maintenance cost reduction; introduce
greening technology that takes into consideration
the characteristics (e.g., rubble) of the foundation
ground peculiar to the airport site and theenvironmental conditions imposed by offshore
construction; and create green spaces by stages,
taking into account the construction schedule andthe planned opening date of the airport, in order toachieve the greening goal.
2005

In this study, the degree of achievement of thegreening goal before the opening of the airport waschecked, the progress of greening work wasevaluated in terms of the possibility of achieving
futuregoals

definedaccordingtogrowthpredictions after the opening of the airport, andmeasures

to

be

taken

in

connection

withmaintenance were identified. The study included
laboratory tests on turf grass strength and thepossibility of vegetation recovery in addition toconventional germination and growth surveys.
This study confirmed that it was possible toachieve the initial goal of creating greenery before
the opening of the airport (early greening by use ofcold-resistant turf grass) even under the constraints
imposed by the necessity of autumn construction
and spring opening of the airport. In order toachieve the ultimate greening goal (forming green
spaces by use of short, ground-crawler grass), areasin which post-planting care such as mowing in and55

after spring is needed and concrete measures to betaken were identified.
Comparative

AnalysisofA case study was conducted of the area along theLandscapes for Revitalization of

Nakagawa Canal assuming the case in which aan Area along a Canal

canal with a mainly industrial hinterland is2005

redeveloped. A new landscape conceptualization
approach based on a quantitative analysis of field
investigation

results

concerning

importantlandscape planning considerations was developed.

56

Studies on environmental management system
Fiscal year
when study

Study

Study outline

wasconducted

Study on the Maintenance of anThis study was conducted to provide technicalEnvironmental

assistance in connection with the maintenance andManagement

Systemoperation of KALD's environmental management
system, including assisting in revising documents
and manuals in accordance with the 2004 revision
2005

of ISO14001, compiling educational materials forgeneraleducation

andcontractor

education,

carrying out educational programs, assisting ininternal auditing, witnessing periodic examinations,and providing assistance for corrective measurestaken in response to problems pointed out.
Study on Environmental Load

This study involves establishing an environmental

Reduction Measures at Nagoya

management system for Nagoya Port Office andPort

conducting studies and research for acquiring
ISO14001 certification. In this study, the scope ofactivity, facilities and equipment of Nagoya Port
Office were identified, a plan was drawn up, and2005

operational practices were inspected in order toacquire ISO14001 certification in fiscal 2006. In
fiscal 2005, an environmental impact study of
Nagoya Port Office is conducted, manuals arecompiled and educational programs are carried out
so as to prepare for full-scale operation beginning infiscal 2006.

57

Study on the Establishment of anThis study was conducted to provide technicalEnvironmental

assistance in connection with the maintenance andManagement

Systemoperation of KALD's environmental management
system, including assisting in revising documents
and manuals in accordance with the 2004 revisionof ISO14001, compiling educational materials for2005

generaleducation,

carryingout

educational

programs, and providing assistance for corrective
measures taken in response to problems pointed out
in internal audits and examinations for theextension of ISO certification, in addition to
expanding the scope of application from office
work to include port improvement projects andmarine environment improvement projects.

Improvement

of

the

The purpose of this study is to improve theEnvironmental

Management

environmental management system of Niigata Port

System

at

NiigataPort

andand Airport Technical Investigation Office andAirport Technical Investigationacquire ISO14001 certification in fiscal 2006. In

Officefiscal 2005, various documents were revised as
2005

Niigata Port and Airport Technical Investigation
Office moved to a new building, manuals wererevised according to the revision of ISO14001, andmanuals for beginners were compiled to start
operation so that ISO certification could beacquired in fiscal 2006.

58