The 14th Asia Pacific Eco-Business Forum in Kawasaki
Feb. 1, 2018

Urban Symbiosis as Innovative
Actions for SDGs
Feb. 1, 2018
Hung Suck Park
Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UOU, ROK

1

Contents
1. Why Sustainable Development ?
2. Cities and Sustainability
3. International Strategy for Urban Innovation

2

A sustainable development is a:
development that meets the needs of thepresent without compromising the ability offuture generations to meet their own needs.""(Our Common Future, by the World Commission onEnvironment and Development, 1987).

Why SD ?
• The world’s population is now at 7.6 billion, and estimated to grow to9 billion in the next 20 years.

• Since 1971, global energy use has increased by 70% and is expected to rise 2% per year in the next 15 years. This will increase greenhousegases by 50% over current levels.
• Natural resources (e.g. soils, forests, fish aquatic habitats) continue todecrease in quantity due to fires, pollution and human influences• In the developing world, one in every five persons lives in extreme poverty and many associated social problems result: disease, disintegrati
on of family, crime and use of drugs.
•Life supporting ecosystem such as water, soil and air have been
degraded due to high pollution levels.

SD means optimum use ofEconomic, Social & Environmental Capital
Human &
Social Capital
Health impacts vs.
Human impacts

Environmental
CapitalIncome & employment vs.
Labour & consumption

Resources &assimilation ofpollution vs. Pollution& its abatement

Economic
CapitalSome Interactions Between Economic, Social andEnvironmental CapitalFrom MDGs to SDGs

Our Cities, Our Homes• Cities are now home to more than half of theworld’s population and by the year 2020 it isestimated to reach 80% of the total population;• Cities drive economic development and deliver
many public services such as edcuation,
healthcare and transportation; but they are also
asssociated with environmental degradation,congestion and economic and social exclusion• Today cities account for more than 80% of theworld’s greenhouse gas emissions and the cost ofadaptation to climate change estimated around80-100 billion per year

Four major trends in Cities
 Proportion of global population living in urban
areas is increasing
 Number and size of urban areas is mushrooming• Megacities, hypercities
 Urban growth slower in developed countries
 Poverty is becoming increasingly urbanized;
mostly in developing countries

Cities: Complex Organisms
234

67

153

2
4 Education and Recreation
1 High-rent Residental

5 Transportation

2 Intermediate-rent Residental

6 Industrial

3 Low-rent Residental

7 Central Business District
9

Cities: Complex Metabolic Organism
Liveability: Human Well-Being& Environmental Quality

Resource Inputs
Population &Human Capital

Stocks:• Land• Housing• Industrial
Infrastructure• Transport & Utility• Materials• Energy• Water• FoodUrban Systems& Processes
Urban GovernanceTechnological Sophistication
Urban Design &Development
Industrial and Organisational
Processes• Housing Quality,
Affordability…
• Transport Access,Congestion…
• Social and Economic
Well-being, Equity…
• Environmental Health• Culture & Heritage• Indoor Air Quality• NoiseSupply & Demand:
Energy, Water, Food andTransport

Waste & Emissions/
Recycling & Reuse• Solid, Liquid &Hazardous Wastes• Wastewater• Air Pollution,Greenhouse

The City as a Metabolic System

Depletable(Coal, Oil, Nuclear)‘Linear metabolism’ cities(consume and pollute at a high rate)
Food

Organic Wastes(Landfill, sea dumping)

Inputs

Outputs
City

EnergyGoods

Well-Being &Environmental Quality
Inorganic Wastes(Landfill)
Emissions(CO2, Nox, SO2)

Sustainable Circular Urban Metabolism‘Circular metabolism’ cities(minimise new inputs and maximise recycling)

Recycled

Organic Waste

Renewable

Food

Reduced Pollutionand Wastes

Inputs

Outputs

High Well-Being &Environmental Quality

City
EnergyGoods

Recycled

Organic Waste

How do we can make city sustainable ?
by Eco-innovation• eco-innovation is “any form of innovation
aiming at significant and demonstrable
progress towards the goal of sustainable
development, through reducing impacts on theenvironment or achieving a more efficient andresponsible use of natural resources, including
energy” (Union 2006).
13

(ERA-NET ECO-INNOVERA, 2014)14

List of Eco-Criteria(ERA-NET ECO-INNOVERA, 2014)15

Distribution of success factors among
Eco-innovation parks

16(ERA-NET ECO-INNOVERA, 2014)

Spatial dimension of eco-innovation(ERA-NET ECO-INNOVERA, 2014)17

IS and US in Ulsan, Korea
SK Energy[step 1]SK Energy

Sung-Am #1
incineration plantSung-Am #2
incineration plant(extension in 2012)

100 Ton/h
45 kg/cm2g

35 Ton/h
16 kg/cm2G

SKC

75 Ton/h
45 kg/cm2g

25 Ton/h
16 kg/cm2G

Hyosung #2
Yongyeon plant
35 Ton/h
45 kg/cm2g[step 4]20 Ton/h
45 kg/cm2g

15 Ton/h
45 kg/cm2g

SK Energy
FCC Plant

SKC

10 Ton/h
16 kg/cm2g

55 Ton/h
45 kg/cm2g[step 3][step 2]15 Ton/h
3 kg/cm2g

Hyosung #2
Yongyeon Plant

Sung-Am #1
Incineration Plant

SK EnergyHyosung #1
Yongyeon Plant

30 Ton/h
45 kg/cm2g

Hyosung #1
Yongyeon plant

Korea
PTG

Sung-Am #2
Hyosung #3
Incineration Plant Yongyeon Plant

10 Ton/h
7 kg/cm2g

Hyosung #3
Yongyeon plant

Korea PTGKP Chemical
Hanwha Chemical

Hansol Chemical
10 Ton/h
18 kg/cm2g[step 5]

Eastman

20 ton/h
5 kg/cm2g

KP chemical
SK Chemical

30 Ton/h
45 kg/cm2g

Hansol EME(extensionin 2014)

25 Ton/h
5 kg/cm2g

HanhwaChemicalEastman

25 Ton/h
45 kg/cm2g

70 Ton/h
45 kg/cm2g

SK Chemical

18Zeusoil

AmorepacificHanju salt

MtecotPetrochemical

ChemicalChemicalChemicalShinheung EnertecSerim

Dongbu Hitec

Samyangsa

ChemicalSamhwa Paint
Chemical

JoGang Paint

Waste treatment

ChemicalChemicalFood manufacture

Hyundai Heavyindustry

Hyundai Hysco

Hyundai Motor

SK Petrochemical

Shinwha Chemical

Korea Stytrolution

SteelAutomobile

PetochemicalchemicalChemicalYongsan Chemical

Bomyung

SamnamPetrochemical

KMT

Chemical manufacturer

Corinox
Steel

Samsin chemical

ChemicalChemical

Waste treatment

Onsan WWTF

SamsungPetrochemical

Korea Alcohol
Industrial

Hanjoo Metal

Dongnam fine

ChemicalMetal

Kumho
PetrochemcialPetrochemical

Aluminum manufacture

HW I&C
ChemicalDongsin chemical

Ajin Metal

Sungam MWLF

Steel

ChemicalAluminum manufacture

Municipal waste landfill

Poongsan Metal

TNC

Sigma Samsung

Sungam MWIF 1st

Nonferrous metals

Metal

Petrochemical

Municipal waste incinerator

Industrial waste incinerator

Wastewater treatment

GB Metal

petrochemical

Sungam MWIF 2nd
Taewon Mulsan
Nonmetal

Evonik Headwaters
Korea

Shinheung
ChemicalHangilEnergy Waste Water

Petrochemical

Hyosung(Yongyeon 1st factory)
ChemicalHyosung

Hyosung(Yongyeon 2nd factory)
Chemical(Yongyeon 3rd factory)
ChemicalBefore EIP initiative
After EIP initiative(2010)(2009)(2008)(2007)(2013)(2012)(2015)(2014)(2016)(2011)
Hyosung(Ulsan Factory)
Petrochemical

HanwhaPetrochemical
Petrochemcial

Teakwang Industry(1st factory)
Petrochemical

Dau Metal
Metal recovery

Daehan Jedang
ChemicalYongyeon WWTF

Korea PTG

SKC

Hanhwa Chemical

Wastewater treatment

ChemicalChemicalChemical

KP Chemical

Hansol EME

SK Energy

Taeyoung

ChemicalChemicalPetrochemical

Petrochemical

SGR tech
Waste treatment

SK chemical
ChemicalKoentec

NCC

Waste incinerator

Waste incinerator

BumwooWaste incineratorKorea
Petrochemical

Environsoft

Busan Noksan
MWWTF

ChemicalKunsul chemical

Petrochemical

Hanju Utility

POSCO

LG Chemical

Utility supplier

Steel

ChemicalAekyungPetrochemical

Farmhouse

Chemical

LS-Nikko

Korea Zinc

Petrochemical

Non-ferrous metals

Non-ferrous metals

Jinyang Chemical
ChemicalEncore network
ChemicalISU chemical
Chemical

KumHo P&B
ChemicalNEO
ChemicalUlsan Pacific chemical
ChemicalPetrochemical

Chemical manufacture

Sewage treatment

Hankuk Paper

Yoosung

Paper mill

Waste incinerator

S-Oil
Petrochemical

Bangojin MWWTF
Sewage treatment

Lotte Chemical

EastmanDongyangTaesung

Dong-A HwasungChemicalChemicalChemicalEnvironmental InstituteChemical

Korea Power
Exchange

KD powertech
Electricity

Concept of SD Based on Urban Symbiosis
Municipal waste
Electricity

Municipal waste
Food waste

Landfill Site

SewageUlsan Municipality
Wastewater
BiogasIndustrial
waste
Products

Water Treatment &Biogas Plant

Landfill Gas
Electricity

SteamPower Plant
EnergyImportedResources

Ulsan Port

Steam

Ulsan Industrial
Complexes

Industrial
waste
Steam

EnergyIncineration Plant for
Industrial waste

Incineration
Plant for
Municipal waste

20

(Fujita, 2015)21

Socio-Economic Infrastructure System
CROSS-SCALE POLLUTION AND RESOURCE FOOTPRINT

Extraction

CROSS-SCALE INFRASTRUCTURES

Natural System

Industrial Ecology

End-useA CITY’S POROUS BOUNDARYElectricityPetroleum
Gas
ETC.

Urban Metabolism
Urban Ecology

Urban Formand Stock

Social System

Policy Actors;
Infrastructure Designers and Operators
Global Scale
Global Climate

CROSS-SCALE INFRASTRUCTURES
Regional Water Impact & Air Polln.

(Anu Ramaswami, 2012)

Urban Heat Island

Public Health & Supply Chain Risks

IndividualUsers
Home Scale
Indoor Air Pollution

2013 ISIE Conference held in Ulsan
Co-organized by Korea, Japan and China23Standardization of Eco-industrial Park2424

Standardization of SD in Cities
POLICY INSTRUMENTS
IS and US Dynamics (R3)

Conditions

TechnicalOutcomesType A

Env. Impact

Economic
R1

Type B

Type CType D

Type E

R2

Network
Structure

Geospatial

Social /Institutional(Modified form Frank boon, 2016)

Type F

NetworkFunction
25

International Center on EID and EIPs

26

IMPLEMENTATION STRUCTURE

Project Steering Committee
University of Ulsan, City of Ulsan, ITPO Seoul, UNIDO, and other stakeholders (e.g.
Government/private sector)
UNIDO
Project Manager

International
Consultants

National
Consultants
ITPO

University of Ulsan(Host institution)

Project Office:- RECP / EIP Programme Director- Executive Assistant- Support Staff

Global Industry and Resource Efficiency Industrial Network(GIERIN)

Governance Structure for GIERIN
Supporting System

Cooperation System

Project Funding

IS Project Exploring& Tech. Supporting

Project Funding &Policy Supporting

Education &R&D Involvement
GIERIN

Project Funding &Administrative Supporting

Global Industrial
Ecology Research& Implementation
Network

Research &Information ExchangeManagement

Education ofGreen Industry

Project Development

Organization Management &Global Cooperation

Development & Distribution of
BM based on best practicefor Developing countries

Exploring & Supporting R&DB
about IS Project28

Summary
Strategy for Achieving the Sustainable DevelopmentGoals (SDGs) in Asia and Developing Countries are• Knowledge Sharing• Capacity Building• Technology Transfer• Institutional Support• Financial Support• Climate Investment• International Collaboration

29

Korea-China MOU
for Eco-industrial Development Cooperation

Thank you
Professor, Dept Civil & Environmental Eng.
University of Ulsan

93 Dehakro, Nam-Gu, Ulsan, Korea 680-749
Tel: 052-259-1050
Fax: 052-221-0152
E-mail: parkhs@ulsan.ac.kr31