目

１章

次基礎知識

１.１ 施工管理の目的 ·······································································································································

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１.１.１ 施工管理の目的 ····························································································································

1

１.１.２ 施工計画の重要性 ························································································································3

１.１.３ 施工品質管理と施工記録の重要性 ························································································

5

１.２ 地盤の分類と性質 ···································································································································

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１.２.１ 日本列島の成り立ちと地形・地質，地盤の特徴 ·····························································

6

１.２.２ 岩石と土の分類および性質 ······································································································

9

１.２.３ 新生代第四紀の地盤 ··················································································································· 13
１.２.４ 地形と地盤 ····································································································································· 17
１.２.５ 土の基本的性質 ···························································································································· 19
１.２.６ 地盤変状 ·········································································································································· 28
１.３ 地盤調査 ····················································································································································· 33
１.３.１ 地盤調査と設計・施工 ··············································································································· 33
１.３.２ ボーリング ····································································································································· 39
１.３.３ サンプリング（乱れの少ない試料の採取） ······································································ 39
１.３.４ サウンディング，載荷試験 ······································································································ 40
１.３.５ 地下水位調査 ································································································································· 45
１.３.６ 物理探査・検層 ···························································································································· 49
１.３.７ 室内土質試験 ································································································································· 52
１.３.８ 調査，試験結果の利用 ··············································································································· 54
１.４ コンクリート ············································································································································ 59
１.４.１ コンクリートの種類 ··················································································································· 59
１.４.２ コンクリートの材料 ··················································································································· 60
１.４.３ コンクリートの調合（配合） ································································································· 62
１.４.４ フレッシュコンクリートの性質 ····························································································· 66
１.４.５ 硬化コンクリートの性質 ·········································································································· 68
１.５ 鋼材 ······························································································································································ 74
１.５.１ 鋼材の種類 ····································································································································· 74
１.５.２ 鋼材の性質 ····································································································································· 79
１.６ 品質管理および工程管理 ····················································································································· 81
１.６.１ 品質管理活動 ································································································································· 81
１.６.２ 工程管理 ·········································································································································· 87
１.６.３ 規格と品質保証 ···························································································································· 91１.７ 構造力学の基礎とコンクリート構造の種類 ················································································· 93
１.７.１

S I 単 位 ·········································································································································· 93

１.７.２ 荷重と応力および変形 ··············································································································· 93
１.７.３ コンクリート構造の種類 ·········································································································· 98
１.７.４ 鉄筋コンクリート構造 ··············································································································· 99
１.８ 基礎工法の分類と選定 ························································································································ 101
１.９ 基礎工法の特性 ····································································································································· 106
１.９.１ 直接基礎 ········································································································································ 106
１.９.２ ケーソン基礎 ······························································································································· 107
１.９.３ 鋼管矢板基礎 ······························································································································· 110
１.９.４ 地中連続壁基礎 ·························································································································· 110
１.９.５ 杭基礎 ············································································································································ 111
１.９.６ 異種基礎 ········································································································································ 120
１.９.７ パイルド・ラフト基礎 ············································································································· 120
１.９.８ 地盤改良 ········································································································································ 121
１.10 載荷試験およびその他の調査 ·········································································································· 125１.10.１ 載荷試験 ········································································································································ 125
１.10.２ その他の調査 ······························································································································· 133
２章

場所打ちコンクリート杭２.１ 場所打ちコンクリート杭の特徴と分類 ························································································ 139
２.２

場所打ちコンクリート杭工法の選定（構造物・地盤・施工各条件） ······························ 142

２.３ 場所打ちコンクリート杭の設計 ······································································································ 149
２.３.１ 建築物 ············································································································································ 153
２.３.２ 土木構造物 ··································································································································· 161
２.４ 施工計画 ··················································································································································· 171
２.４.１ 施工計画の作成 ·························································································································· 171
２.４.２ 設計仕様書の把握 ······················································································································ 173
２.４.３ 調査 ················································································································································· 176
２.４.４ 施工計画書 ··································································································································· 177
２.５ 仮設・準備工事 ····································································································································· 179
２.５.１ 作業用地の整備と仮囲い塀の設置 ······················································································ 179
２.５.２ 杭心の測量および表示 ············································································································· 180
２.５.３ 作業地盤と仮設道路 ················································································································· 180
２.５.４ 障害物の除去と移設 ················································································································· 181
２.５.５ 電力・給水設備 ·························································································································· 185
２.５.６ 排水・排土設備 ·························································································································· 186
２.５.７ 泥水プラント ······························································································································· 187
２.５.８ 鉄筋かご加工場 ·························································································································· 188
２.５.９ 機械器具の運搬・組立て ········································································································ 189

２.６ アースドリル工法 ································································································································· 191
２.６.１ 使用機械器具 ······························································································································· 192
２.６.２ 機械器具の据付け ······················································································································ 201
２.６.３ 試験杭 ············································································································································ 202
２.６.４ 掘削 ················································································································································· 207
２.６.５ 孔内水の管理 ······························································································································· 213２.６.６ 支持層の確認 ······························································································································· 214
２.６.７ 孔底処理 ········································································································································ 215
２.６.８ 発生土または掘削土処理および泥水処理 ········································································· 216
２.６.９ 安定液 ············································································································································ 217
２.７ オールケーシング工法 ························································································································ 237
２.７.１ 使用機械器具 ······························································································································· 239
２.７.２ 機械器具の据付け ······················································································································ 247
２.７.３ 試験杭 ············································································································································ 248
２.７.４ 掘削 ················································································································································· 251
２.７.５ 孔内水の管理 ······························································································································· 258
２.７.６ 支持層の確認 ······························································································································· 261
２.７.７ 孔底処理 ········································································································································ 262
２.７.８ 残土処理 ········································································································································ 264
２.７.９ 廃泥水処理 ··································································································································· 264
２.８ リバース工法 ·········································································································································· 265
２.８.１ 使用機械器具 ······························································································································· 267
２.８.２ 機械器具の据付け ······················································································································ 272
２.８.３ 試験杭 ············································································································································ 276
２.８.４ 掘削 ················································································································································· 278
２.８.５ 孔内水の管理 ······························································································································· 283
２.８.６ 支持層の確認 ······························································································································· 286
２.８.７ 孔底処理 ········································································································································ 287
２.８.８ 残土処理および泥水処理 ········································································································ 288
２.８.９ TBH工法（トップドライブリバースサーキュレーションドリル工法） ·············· 289
２.９ 地中壁杭工法 ·········································································································································· 293
２.９.１ 使用機械器具 ······························································································································· 295
２.９.２ 機械器具の据付け ······················································································································ 298
２.９.３ 溝壁の安定 ··································································································································· 302
２.９.４ 試験杭 ············································································································································ 306
２.９.５ 掘削 ················································································································································· 306
２.９.６ 地中壁杭の溝内水管理 ············································································································· 310
２.９.７ 支持層の確認 ······························································································································· 314

２.９.８ 溝底処理 ········································································································································ 316
２.９.９ 発生土または掘削土処理および泥水処理 ········································································· 317
２.10 拡底杭工法 ·············································································································································· 319
２.10.１ 概要と特長 ··································································································································· 319
２.10.２ 施工要領 ········································································································································ 321
２.11 鉄筋工事 ··················································································································································· 325
２.11.１ 鉄筋工事概要 ······························································································································· 325
２.11.２ 使用材料 ········································································································································ 325
２.11.３ 鉄筋かごの製作（加工・組立て） ······················································································ 327
２.11.４ 組立て ············································································································································ 331
２.11.５ 溶接 ················································································································································· 339
２.11.６ 鉄筋かご検査と建込み ············································································································· 345
２.12 コンクリート工事 ································································································································· 352
２.13 その他の場所打ちコンクリート杭工法 ························································································ 376
２.13.１ 場所打ち鋼管コンクリート杭工法 ······················································································ 376
２.13.２ 深礎工法 ········································································································································ 378
２.13.３ BH工法 ··········································································································································· 380
２.13.４ 先端強化型場所打ち杭（SENTANパイル工法）····························································· 381
２.14 施工管理とトラブルの事例 ··············································································································· 383
２.14.１ 過去のトラブル事例の傾向と対策 ······················································································ 383
２.14.２ 孔壁測定 ········································································································································ 393
２.14.３ オールケーシング工法管理装置 ··························································································· 395
２.14.４ 施工報告書と各工法のチェックリスト・QC工程表の例 ············································ 397
３章

安全管理

３.１ 建設業と労働災害 ································································································································· 402
３.１.１ 建設業における労働災害 ········································································································ 402
３.１.２ 災害率 ············································································································································ 402
３.２ 労働安全衛生法 ····································································································································· 403
３.２.１ 目的と適用範囲 ·························································································································· 403
３.２.２ 用語の定義等 ······························································································································· 403
３.２.３ 安全衛生管理体制 ······················································································································ 404
３.２.４ 労働者の危険または健康障害を防止するための措置 ·················································· 407
３.２.５ 労働者の就業に当たっての措置 ··························································································· 409
３.２.６ 労働者の危険または健康障害を防止するための措置 ·················································· 412
３.２.７ 建設機械等による危険の防止 ······························································································· 417
３.２.８ 機械・運搬機械等による危険の防止 ·················································································· 429
３.２.９ クレーン等安全規則 ················································································································· 430

３.２.10 施工機械の安全 ·························································································································· 437
３.３ ワイヤロープと玉掛け用具の基礎知識 ························································································ 441
３.３.１ ワイヤロープ ······························································································································· 441
３.３.２ 玉掛用具 ········································································································································ 447
４章

環境保全対策４.１ 基礎知識 ··················································································································································· 450
４.１.１ 公害の定義 ··································································································································· 450
４.１.２ 騒音 ················································································································································· 451
４.１.３ 振動 ················································································································································· 454
４.１.４ 土壌汚染 ········································································································································ 457
４.１.５ 水質汚濁 ········································································································································ 457
４.１.６ 建設副産物 ··································································································································· 461
４.２ 環境法令 ··················································································································································· 463
４.２.１ 建設工事の騒音，振動に対する法規制の体系 ································································ 463
４.２.２ 建設工事の土壌汚染に対する規制 ······················································································ 467
４.２.３ 建設工事の水質汚濁に対する規制 ······················································································ 472
４.２.４ 廃棄物の処理および清掃に関する法律（平成29年 5 月16日改正） ························ 476
４.２.５ 建設機械の排出ガス規制 ········································································································ 479
４.２.６ 建設機械の騒音，振動の対策 ······························································································· 482
４.３ 濁水対策 ··················································································································································· 484
４.３.１ 濁水対策の基本 ·························································································································· 484
４.３.２ 浮遊物質の凝集沈降 ················································································································· 486
４.３.３ 凝集剤の種類と特性 ················································································································· 487
５章

関連法規

５.１ 建設業法 ··················································································································································· 490
５.２ 労働基準法 ·············································································································································· 496
５.３ 男女共同参画社会基本法 ··················································································································· 499
５.４ 建築基準法 ·············································································································································· 501
５.５ 公共工事の品質確保の促進に関する法律 ···················································································· 506
５.６

公共工事の入札および契約の適正化の促進に関する法律 ···················································· 511

５.７

特定住宅瑕疵担保責任の履行の確保等に関する法律 ····························································· 512（略称：住宅瑕疵担保履行法）

５.８ 製造物責任法 ·········································································································································· 513
５.９ 道路交通法 ·············································································································································· 515
５.10 道路法および車両制限令 ··················································································································· 516
５.11 国土交通省告示第468号 ····················································································································· 520