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,**.  1  2  ,**/  2  + ῐGenetic Relationships of the Compositionally Diverse Magmas
from Aso Post-caldera Volcanism
Masaya MIYOSHI῍, Toshiaki HASENAKA῍῍ and Takashi SANO῍῍῍
Between ,1* and 3*ka, Aso volcano produced four large caldera-forming pyroclastic ﬂows, all of which
probably derived from a single zoned magma chamber, as suggested by previous geological and geochemical
studies. On the other hand, after 3*ka, for the post-caldera activities, it is di$cult to create a wide compositional
range of post-caldera magmas from a single magma chamber model, when the following observations are
considered. (+) Seven distinct magma groups with distinct petrographic and compositional characteristics arefound ; ῌ. ,px-rhyolite, ῍. bt-rhyolite, ῎. hb-dacite, ῏. ,px-dacite, ῐ. aphyric andesite, ῑ. porphyritic andesite, ῒ. basalt-basaltic andesite. (,) Incompatible trace element plots show that the seven magma groups wereformed by at least four end-member magmas that do not show parent-daughter relationships. (-) Vents
extruding basaltic magmas are centered in the caldera, whereas those extruding andesitic, dacitic, and rhyolitic
magmas are distributed around them. These observations indicate that several (at least four) magma chambers
are developed during the post-caldera activities, and that the compositional diversity of the magmas can be
explained by magma mixing among the end-member magmas in addition to fractional crystallization.
Key words : Aso caldera, post-caldera volcanic products, compositional variation of magma, vent distribution+ῌ ῐ ῎ ῑ ῏.0)).'(.'(#-.%&'(*+

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ijkHl

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. ,¨ΐ1,<AB ©\ª1«;h&a¬­20*ῌ2/// ®¯°±² ,ῌ-3ῌ+®¯¡¡³´µ¶¡¢£¶
Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto
University, Kurokami ,ῌ-3ῌ+, Kumamoto 20*ῌ2///,
Japan.
­20*ῌ2/// ®¯°±² ,ῌ-3ῌ+Faculty of Science, Kumamoto University, Kurokami,ῌ-3ῌ+, Kumamoto 20*ῌ2///, Japan.

­.+1ῌ*2*+ ·¸°῔ -,/·¸G῎¡¹º»¼¡iCollege of Environment and Disaster Research, Fuji
Tokoha University, Ohbuchi -,/, Fuji .+1ῌ*2*+, Japan.
Corresponding author : Masaya Miyoshi
e-mail : miyoshim@es.ssi.kumamoto.ac.jp¹ºL <¡¢» ¼£

270

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triangles show active volcanoes.

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271

Fig. ,. Block diagram showing the history of the development of Aso volcano. This diagram is based on Ono
and Watanabe (+32/), Watanabe (,**+), Masuda et al. (,**.) and Miyabuchi et al. (,**.).

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bt-rhyolite }272

Table +. Modal analyses and averaged grain size of plagioclase phenocrysts of representativerock samples from each group in the post-caldera stage of Aso volcano.

Abbreviations ; OtgOtogase ; TknTakanoobane ; HntHontsuka ; TtnTateno ; SwtSawatsuno ; NgnNagano ; HksHakusui ; KssKusasenrigahama ; TchTochinoki ; KrsKarisako ; EbsEboshidake ; OkmOkamadoyama ; YmnYomineyama ; AkmAkamizu ; NrdNaraodake ; TkdTakadake ; MryMaruyama ;OjdOjodake ; KmtKometsuka ; KkmKamikometsuka ; KshKishimadake ; AksAkase ; MtnMatsunoki ;YshYoshioka ; AygAyugaerinotaki ; NkdNakadake. (W)welded pyroclastic rock ; (C)central cone ;(O)old volcanic ediﬁce ; (Y)young volcanic ediﬁce ; (YP)youngest pyroclastic cone ; ololivine ; cpxclinopyroxene ; opxorthopyroxene ; btbiotite ; plplagioclase ; opqopaque minerals ; gmgroundmass ; ph
phenocryst. Names of volcanic products are based on Ono and Watanabe (+32/), Watanabe (,**+), Masuda
et al. (,**.), and Miyabuchi et al. (,**.). ASK,+1, ASK-.0- : Drilling core samples from Takanoobane volcano.
They were provided by Aso Volcanological Laboratory.


Table ,.

 

Major and trace element data for samples from post-caldera volcanic stage of Aso.

273

274


Table ,.

(continued) ONeM O_G ῍ 

,px-rhyolite  ῌ   !

% ' )*

275

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Table ,.

9wxk *.0 mm yz {w|k *.- mm(continued)

Abbreviations are the same as Table +. ASK,+1, ASK.3., ASK0-*, ASK++*3,
ASK++,1, ASK-++,, ASK-++2, ASK-+,., ASK-.0-, ASK+/./, ASK+0-*, ASK+3,*, ASK+31+, ASK+333 : Drilling core samples from Takanoobane volcano. They
were provided by Aso Volcanological Laboratory.

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276

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Fig. -. Simpliﬁed distribution map of the post-caldera volcanic products of Aso volcano (adapted from Geological
Survey of Japan Map Series + : /*,***, Ono and Watanabe, +32/).

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Table -.

277

aphyric andesite 


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

b

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Criteria for classifying the post-caldera volcanic products into seven groups.

Wavy lines show boundaries. Names of volcanic products are based on Ono and Watanabe (+32/),
Watanabe (,**+), Masuda et al. (,**.) and Miyabuchi et al. (,**.). Abbreviations are the same as Table +.

Fig. .. (a) Phenocryst abundances vs. SiO, contents for the seven groups from Aso volcano. (b) Averaged grain
size of plagioclase phenocryst vs. SiO, contents for the seven groups from Aso volcano.

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Fig. /. Microscopic photographs of the post-caldera volcanic products. (a) Plagioclase phenocryst with corroded
rim in Otogase lava. (b) Mingling texture in Tochinoki lava. (c) Irregular-shaped aggregate of small
plagioclase fragments indicated by the surrounding dashed line in Naraodake lava. (d) Opx phenocrysts
surrounded by cpx in Kishimadake lava. The areas surrounded by the dashed lines indicates opx phenocrysts.
(e) The coexistence of plagioclase phenocrysts surrounded by dusty zones and those having clear rims in lava
from Nakadake old volcanic ediﬁce. (f) Hornblende phenocryst surrounded by opacite rims in Ayugaerinotaki lava.

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Fig. 0. Major elements (TiO,, Al, O-, FeO*, MgO, MnO, CaO, Na, O, K, O and P, O/) and trace elements (Ba,Rb, Sr, Ni, V, Zr, Nb, Y and Cr) vs. SiO, for volcanic rocks from Aso volcano.

280

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Fig. 1. Rb-Nb and Rb-Zr diagrams for the seven groups from Aso volcano. Shaded areas show thecompositional ranges formed by simple fractional crystallization. Symbols are the same as Fig. 0.

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281

Fig. 2. Parent-daughter relationships among the seven groups of post-caldera volcanic products. Open circle
parent-daughter relationship ; Crossnot in parent-daughter relationship ; Open triangleunclear.

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282

Fig. 3. Distribution map of the intra-caldera vents indicating that younger basaltic products were erupted fromthe central vents of the caldera area surrounded by dotted line. ¨+ indicates the possible vent of Otogase
lava and ¨, indicates the possible vent of Nagano lava, both as suggested by Miyabuchi et al. (,**.).

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ghij_`kl

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῎. hb-dacite, ῏. ,px-dacite, ῐ. aphyric andesite, ῑ. porphyritic andesite, ῒ. basalt-basaltic andesite,"#$%&' ῑ῏ ῎ ῍( )*+',-+.!/

+0#1 2 ῌ ῐ ῑ 34)*+'#5 6789:ῒ;
=7!>!/+"?1 #@< $?A7ῌ ῐ ῑ ῒB . ,)*%&+'C0#/+<;?@#1- 

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W5XYZ[\6789]: ^;<_`ab[cd=>"e% f?>!gh"@V#i \jA)07kABC0#i l0#1 DEmF.#@  G
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OsPQRt ST?UVWuXY"Zv#[ 
w?cx[y"#i l0#1 [z\;<{]#0l>1ῐ ῕ ῔ ῑGreen, T. H. (+33.) Experimental studies of trace-element
partitioning applicable to igneous petrogenesis|Sedona+0 years later. Chemical Geol., ++1, +ῌ-0.
Hunter, A. G. (+332) Intracrustal controls on the coexist-

283

ence of tholeiitic and calc-alkaline magma series at Aso
volcano, SW Japan. J. Petrol., -3, +,//ῌ+,2..
Hunter, A. G. and Blake, S. (+33/) Petrogenetic evolutionof a transitional tholeiitic calc-alkaline series : Towada
volcano, Japan. J. Petrol., -0, +/13ῌ+0*/.
Huppert, H. E. and Sparks, R. S. (+322) The generation of
granitic magmas by intrusion of basalt into continental
crust. J. Petrol., ,3, /33ῌ0,..
}^~ (+33,) *H_`a-0|b_`5S cb[ydUe1 f)D .* /-ῌ0-.
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¡;  (,**,) u+>!6¢ - }~(~ XY1 £¤XY .+ ,,/ῌ,-0.
;¥¦ (+30/) Of)1 f)§ 1+/.+ῌ//-.
1 ¨©fª /;¥¦ij2k (+32-) 1-ῌ2,.
;¥¦ij2k (+32/) f) «/ } +1f) . f)p1
Rollinson, H. R. (+33-) Using geochemical data ; evaluation, presentation, interpretation. Longman Singapore Publ.
ltd., -/, pp.
¬;­¦ (,**,) ®¯ X `"#*3&o31 tXY¤T  , ° +ῌ/3.
,7±² (,**,)  1 ³
,1, p.
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ij2k (,**+) !¸|f)+¹!fºc|1 2s E 1 2s N»qrh ,., pp.
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