On new or little-known Tipulidse.

579

L X . - - N e w or little-]cnown Tipulid~e (Diptera).--LXXV.
Neotropical Species.
By CHARLES P. ALEXANDER,
Ph.D., F.R.E.S., Massachusetts State College, Amherst,
Massachusetts, U.S.A.
AT this time I am considering species collected in Eucador
by Messrs F. Martin Brown, David Laddey, andWilliam Clarke-Macintyre, and in Peru by Messrs.
Pedro Paprzycki, Raymond Shannon, J. Adger Smyth,and Felix Woytkowski, to whom I am very greatly indebted for their continued interest in collecting andpreserving their fragile flies. The types of the novelties
are preserved in m y personal collection.
Brachypremna illudens, sp. n.
Allied to arcuaria ; size small (wing, male, 13 mm.);general coloration of thorax almost uniformly dark brown ;femora and tibim dark brown, the genua very narrowly
brightened; wings strongly suffused with brown, variegated by the large darker brown stigma and conspicuous
whitened prestigmal and poststigmal areas; abdomen
black, the basal rings of the segments pale; malehypopygium with the tergal lobes glabrous, broadly
subtruncate at tips; lower dististyle unusually broad,inner style with the entire outer margin produced into a
broad-based triangle, the apex of style truncate, terminating in about three spinous blades or points ; gonapophyses greatly expanded into flattened blades.
Male.--Length about l l mm. ; wing 13 ram.
Female.--Length about 11 mm. ; wing 12 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head brown above, the ventral
half darker ; nasus elongate, blackened ; palpi uniformly
black. Antennm 10-segmented; scape and flagellum
blackened, the pedicel obscure yellow. Head dark brown,
sparsely pruinose.
Thorax almost uniformly dark brown, the pr~escutumwith a capillary median grey line that becomes a little
more expanded before the suture; scutellum andmediotergite somewhat more pruinose. Halteres elongate,stem obscure yellow, knob dark brown. Legs with thecoxse dark brown ; trochanters a trifle paler ; femora darkbrown, more blackened immediately before the very

580

Dr. C. P. Alexander o nnarrowly whitened a p e x ; tibise black, the extreme basevaguely whitened ; basitarsi dark brown, the remainder oftarsi paling to very pale brown or yellowish brown ; claws(male) elongate, each with two teeth, the basal one more
slender. Wings with a very strong brownish suffusionthat is variegated almost solely by the darker brown stigma
and by conspicuous whitish prestigmal and poststigmal
areas ; cells C and Sc a trifle darker ; a small dusky cloudover anterior cord and very vague darkenings over Cu
and m-cu ; no pale droplets or other markings elsewhere on
membrane ; veins M~ to 21/4, inclusive, with the usual paleobliterative tips, remaining veins dark brown. Venation :R1+9. entirely pale ; Rs relatively short, strongly arcuatedor bent at origin ; veins M 1 and Mu subparallel for most of
their lengths ; cell 2nd A narrow.
Abdomen black, the segments with the bases narrowly
ringed with yellowish white; tergite two with a further
similar ring at near mid-length; sternites with the palebases even more extensive, continued down the sides ofeach sclerite to isolate a broadly triangular dark brownmark that covers the entire posterior border of eachsegment. Male hypopygium with the tergite narrowed
posteriorly, the entire outer margin further produced intoa yellow glabrous border that is rather weakly emarginate,
the lateral lobes very broad, their apices nearly truncate.
Dististyle with the lower lobe or style unusually expanded,
the width across the blade fully one-half the length ; theentire outer margin of main body of style produced into a
broad-based triangle that narrows to the truncated apex,
with a further pale obtuse lobe on the outer angle ; stylegradually narrowed outwardly, the apex subtruncate andproduced into about three strong spinous obtuse blades orpoints ; outer margin of apical portion of style with a rowof powerful setm, those elsewhere on outer third of blade
much smaller. Gonapophyses greatly expanded into
flattened blades. 2Edeagus not clearly developed as a
powerful blackened structure, as in arcuaria and triangularis.
Hab. Peru (Junin).
Holotype, ~, Tulumay oValley, Tarma, altitude 40008000 feet, November 8, 1940 (Woytkowski). Allotopotype,9, November 7, 1940.

new or little-known Tipulidm.

581

The present fly is allied to Brachypremna arcuaria
Alexander, of Eucador, and to B. triangularis Alexander,of the Maritime Andes, Venezuela, differing very coflspicuously in all details of structure of the male hypopygium. The three species form a somewhat isolated groupin the genus.

Tipula (Eumicrotipula) agrippina, sp. n.
Belongs to the glaphyroptera group ; size relatively large(wing, male, 19 mm.); general coloration of thorax
yellow pollinose, the prmscutal stripes very poorly
indicated ; antennae with the flagellar segments beyond thefirst black; femora yellow, the tips weakly darkened;wings ahnost uniformly yellow, the prearcular and costal
fields, with the stigma, more saturated yellow, the cells
beyond cord a trifle more darkened ; cell 1st Mg. elongate,
its outer end pointed; male hypopygium with thesubmedian tergal lobes broadly truncate ; outer dististyle
very long and slender, glabrous except for a few set~e on
the distal t e n t h ; inner dististyle with the beak very
slender; dorsal crest without modified set,e; eighthsternite with a very long and slender median lobe.
Male.--Length about 16 ram. ; wing 19 ram. ; antenna
about 5.7 ram.
Frontal prolongation of head yellow, including thedistinct nasus, the latter tufted with yellow set~e ; basal
three segments of palpi obscure yellow or brownish yellow ;terminal segment relatively short, subequal to the preceding
two segments taken together, brownish black, the extreme
tip brightened. Antennae with basal three segments
yellow, remainder of flagellum black ; flagellar segments
moderately incised, the longest verticils shorter than thesegments. Head yellow pollinose, the sides of theposterior vertex a little more darkened ; vertical tubercle
entire but conspicuous and protuberant.
Prothorax light brown, yellow pollinose. Mesonotal
pr~escutum chiefly yellow pollinose, the four olive-brown
stripes only slightly differentiated from the interspacoa
except by faintly darkened borders, the median dark vitta
better indicated on the extreme cephalic border ; posteriorsclerites of notum similarly yellow pollinose ; scutellum alittle darker. Pleura brownish yellow, dorsopleural membrane clearer yellow; a small depressed brown spot on

582

Dr. C. P. Alexander o n

cephalic portion of suture between the anepisternum andsternopleurite, immediately behind the fore coxm. Halteres elongate, yellow, the knobs a trifle more brownish
yellow. Legs with the cox~e yellow pollinose, the fore paira trifle darker; trochanters yellow; femora yellow, thetips rather broadly but weakly darkened ; tibiae and mostof proximal two tarsal segments yellow; claws (male)with a small acute tooth. Wings almost uniformly yellow,
the disk light yellow, beyond the cord a trifle morebrownish yellow; prearcular and costal fields moresaturated yellow, cell C paler and less intensely brightened ;stigma deep yellow ; veins yellow. Venation: R sslightly less than twice m - c u ; R I + 2 entire; cell 1st M 2elongate, pointed at outer end ; m oblique, a trifle longer
than the petiole of cell M 1 ; m - c u just at fork of M3+4.
Abdominal tergites extensively darkened, especially theouter segments; basal sternites clear yellow, the outerones narrowly infuscated at posterior borders ; hypopygium
chiefly yellow, the eighth sternite darkened. Male hypopygium with the tergite transverse, its caudal border witha very small rounded median notch and very large
sublateral ones ; sublateral lobes broadly truncated at tips
or even gently emarginate, with a very small further lobe
at base of median incision ; lateral lobes more pointed,
especially at the inner apical angle. Ninth sternite withthe appendage short and stout, bluntly oval at tip,provided with coarse scattered set~e. Basistyle with lobeof similar shape but a little smaller, more densely provided
with long set~e. Outer dististyle unusually long and very
slender, provided with set~e only on about the outer tenth.
Inner dististyle relatively narrow, the beak very long andslender; lower beak stouter, obtusely rounded, heavily
blackened ; dorsal crest with long pale scattered unmodified set~e. Gonapophyses and phallosome complex, thephallosome a broadly 'flattened depressed dark-coloured
triangular plate between the apophyses, the margins withnumerous small teeth ; apophyses conspicuously notchedon inner margin to produce three distinct lobes, theterminal one broadly truncate, the subterminal one
correspondingly slender. Eighth sternite with the median
lobe of unusual length and slenderness, widest just beyond
the base, thence narrowed very gradually to the acute tip,new or little-known Tipulidse.

583

the length about six or seven times the greatest width;surface covered with very abundant but short pale set~e.
Hab. Ecuador (Bolivar).
Holotype, ~, Hacienda Talahua, altitude 3100 metres,
May 4, 1939 (Brown). Brown (Ann. Ent. Soc. America,
xxxiv, p. 848, 1941) has given some further data concerning
the station which is on the Pacific slope, the line between
the humid temperate forest and the paramo occurring at
about 3000 metres.
The two most similar regional species of large size andhaving ahnost unpatterned yellow wings are Tipula(Eumicrotipula) runtunensis Alexander and T. (E.)
semivulpina Alexander; the former has all details of
structure of the male hypopygium quite distinct; thelatter is still known only in the female sex but differs
evidently in the coloration of the body, the conspicuously
bicoloured antennae, and in the venation, as the small
cell 1st M s.

Tipula (Eumicrotipula) clavaria, sp. n.
Belongs to the glaphyroptera group ; size medium (wing,
male, about 15 mm.) ; antennal flagellum beyond the first
segment black, the segments strongly incised ; mesonotal
pr~escutum obscure yellow, with brown stripes, including
a capillary dark brown median vitta ; posterior sclerites ofnotum more ashy grey, the scutellum and mediotergite
with a capillary dark brown median stripe ; femora yellow,
the tips blackened ; wings light brown, only slightly andvaguely patterned with darker brown and subhyaline;
basal abdominal tergites yellow, trivittate with darkbrown, the lateral stripes especially distinct, the subterminal segments more uniformly blackened; malehypopygium with the appendage of the ninth sternite aclavate lobe, its knob microscopically setulose ; lobe ofeighth sternite small.
Male.--Length about 13.5--14 mm. ; wing 15-15.5 mm. ;antenna about 5-5.5 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head relatively long, about
three-fourths as long as remainder of head, light brown;nasus lacking ; palpi black, the terminal segment unusuallyshort, subequal to the two preceding segments combined.
Antennse moderately long, about one-third the length of

584

Dr. C. P. Alexander o nwing; basal segments yellow, first flagellar segment
brownish yellow, remainder of flagellum black ; segments
strongly incised, the outer swelling of the more proximal
segments nearly as thick as the basal one ;. longest verticils
slightly shorter than the segments. Head brownish grey,with a conspicuous dark brown median vitta on theposterior vertex, the sides of the latter more extensively
infuscated.
Pronotal scutum protruded dorsally as an oval swelling,
obscure yellow, patterned medially and on sides with darkbrown; scuteltum obscure yellow, darker on sides.
Mcsonotal prmscutum with the ground-colour obscureyellow, with very large brown clouds surrounding thesetigerous punctures of the interspaees; intermediate
stripes brownish yellow on mesal portion, the outer halfslightly darker brown, the stripes divided by a capillary
still darker brown vitta ; lateral stripes narrow, pale brownlateral borders of pr~escutum more broadly darker brown ;humeral region extensively pale brown, encircling thesmall deep pseudosutural fovem ; scutum ashy grey, eachlobe with two separate dark brown spots; posteriorsclerites of notum similarly grey, the scutellum andmediotergite with a narrow brown median line, the latterwith scattered brown setigerous punctures elsewhere on
surface; cephalic end of the katapleurotergite silvery
pubescent. Pleura pale, sparsely pruinose, more heavily
so on the anepisternum and dorsal pteropleurite ; shortlongitudinal brown markings on the anepisternum along
the ventral portion of the otherwise yellow dorsopleural
membrane. Halteres with stem obscure yellow, knob
infuscated. Legs with coxm light brown, grey pruinose,
provided with abundant long pale set,e; trochanters
yellow, the tips rather broadly blackened, the amountsubequal on all legs ; tibiae and basitarsi light brown, thetips darker; remainder of tarsi black; claws (male)
simple. Wings with the ground-colour light brown, only
vaguely patterned with darker brown and subhyaline;
prearcular and costal fields more brownish yellow, cell Sc
unpatterned; stigma slightly darker than the ground;
obliterative band across cell 1st M s extending to beyond
mid-length of cell M3; ante-stigmal and post-stigma|
brightenings very restricted to scarcely evident; thebroad bases of cells Cu to 2nd A somewhat paler than theremainder of ground; veins yellowish brown to lightnew or little-known Tipulid~e.

585

brown. Venation : R s about two and one-half times thelong m - c u ; Rl+ 4 entire ; petiole of cell M i nearly twicem ; m - c u on M 4 shortly beyond origin, the basal section of
the latter distinct ; tip of vein Cu 1 strongly recurved.
Abdominal tergites yellow, the first more pruinose ; aconspicuous brownish black lateral stripe, narrow on thebase of tergite two, becoming broader behind, on the thirdand succeeding segments very wide ; a less distinct medianstripe, very faint on the more proximal tergites, broader
and more intense in colour on outer segments; basal
sternites yellow, the fifth and succeeding segments more
uniformly blackened ; hypopygium chiefly yellow. Male
hypopygium with the caudal margin of the tergite
conspicuously notched, the median region being produced,
with a yellow U-shaped notch ou either side, with an evenshallower emargination still more laterad ; extreme laterallobes low, microscopically setuliferous. Ninth sternite
with the appendage a long-stemmed club, the knob with
abundant microscopic setube. Basistyle with its lobe
reduced to a pencil of a few long bristles. Outer dististyleelongate, very little expanded outwardly. Inner dististylelong and narrow, beak pale ; lower beak broadly obtuse,
blackened; a small modified anterior crest immediately
above the lower beak, pale, with long angularly bent set~e.
Gonapophyses bipartite, appearing as a broad flattenedouter blade, the tip obtusely rounded, the neck portion
more constricted; at base of this blade a second arm,
appearing as a long-triangular flange, the margin microscopically spinulose, the slender tip acutely bispinous.
Eighth sternite with the lobe relatively small, long-oval,
its length about two-and-one-half times the width;surface with long setm, the longest about equal to the lobe.
Hub. Peru (Junin).
Holotype, <~, Huasahuasi, Tartan, altitude 2800 metres,
April 10, 1940 (Woytlcowski). ~aratopotype, c~, April 18,
1940; paratypes, 3 rid, Carpapata, Tartan, altitude2600 metres, May 4-8, 1940 (Woytlmwski).
The present fly is readily told from related species,
including T@ula (Eumicrotipula) inca Alexander andT. (E.) thalia, sp. n., by the structure of the male hypopygium, especially the appendage of the ninth sternite, theinner dististyles and the gonapophyses. The subunicolorous wings present a quite different appearance fromA n n . & M a t . N. Hist. Set. 11. Vol. xii.
42

586

Dr. C. P. Alexander o nthat of thalia and other species, but the structure of the
hypopygium indicates a close relationship.

Tipula (Eumicrotipula) thalia, sg. n.
Belongs to the glaphyroptera group ; size medium (wing,
male, 13 ram.) ; mesonotum very obscure yellow, patternedwith brown; halteres brownish black, the apex of knob
restrictedly brightened; wings light yellow, heavily
patterned with dark brown ; cells beyond cord checkeredbrown and yellow, basad of cord with the yellow eolour
predominating; basal section of vein M 4 long, cell
2nd A narrow ; male hypopygium with the eighth sternite
bearing a very long and narrow median rod that is subtended by small fleshy lobules.
Male.--Length about 11 ram. ; wing 13 mm.
Head broken.
Pronotum infllscated medially, obscure brownish yellow
on sides. Mesonotal pr~eseutum with the pale ground very
restricted, the disk with three brown stripes, the medianline narrowly darker; posterior interspaees very obscure,the brightest ground becoming more testaeeous yellow;
seutal lobes chiefly infuseated, the posterior portions of thelobes and the median area very obscure yellow ; scutellum
brownish testaeeous; mediotergite brownish testaceous,sparsely pruinose, the, posterior portion paler. Pleura andpleurotergite chiefly yellow, the ventral sternopleurite,
meron and bases of the middle and posterior cox~e weakly
darkened. Halteres brownish black, the apex of knob
restrictedly brightened. Legs with the eox~e, except as
described above, brownish testaceous ; trochanters yellow ;remainder of legs broken. Wings with the groundextensively light yellow, heavily patterned with darkbrown ; basM portion of prearcular field brown, the outerportion nearer the arculus yellow ; ceils C and Sc brownish
yellow, patterned with ~darker; basal area latgest,
extending from C to Cu as a major postareular m a r k ;second and third areas small, not involving cell C andextending only half-way across cell R, the third at originof Rs ; fourth area it1 outer end of cell Sc ; stigma darkbrown, without trichia; beyond cord, the yellow andbrown areas alternate in a checkered pattern, the pale
including a large poststigmM mark ; basad of cord, theyellow greatly predominating, including most of cells Rnew or little-known Tipulidm.

587

to 2nd A, the dark colour including areas near outer end ofcell M and weak clouds in the outer portion of cells Cu
and 1st A ; cell 2nd A chiefly yellow; cell Cu I almost
uniformly darkened ; veins dark brown, a little paler in the
costal interspaees. Venation : Rs about two-and-one-halftimes the oblique m-cu ; RI+ 4 entire ; petiole of cell M anearly twice m ; basal section of M 4 unusually long, erect,
exceeding r-m in length; cell 2nd A unusually narrow.
Abdomen obscure brownish yellow, variegated withbrown, especially on the outer segments, the subterminal
segments extensively infuscated; hypopygium paler
brown, the eighth sternite with a narrow obscure yellow
median line. Male hypopygium with the tergite transverse, its caudal border conspicuously toothed and notched,including two rounded notches on either side of the moreproduced median area, the latter with two separated
carinate teeth that are isolated by a subtruncate medianspace ; lateral notch deeper than the inner one, the extreme
outer lateral angle rather narrowly obtuse. Ninth sternite
with the appendage pale, short-stemmed, terminating in alarge oval knob, the ventral angle of which is slightly
produced and bears a pencil of long reddish set~e. Basistylewith the lobe oval, clothed with very short setul~e and witha few coarse setm. Outer dististyle elongate, slightly
expanded at apex. Inner dististyle with the beak slender,
reddish brown; lower beak blackened; on face of styleback from the beak and extending for about one-half thelength of the selerite a row of blackened set~e forming a
crest ; just before apex on extreme outer margin with afurther concentration of about ten elongate set,e, thepale tips incurved. Gonapophyses appearing as paired
flattened blades, each one broad on basal half, thence
strongly constricted, at apex expanded into a subcircularplate. Eighth sternite with the caudal border convexly
rounded, provided with an unusually long and narrow
median rod that is subtended on either side by a very small
fleshy lobule bearing several long set0e ; median rod a trifle
widened outwardly, the length approximately ten times thewidth, the surface provided with scattered elongate set~e.
Hab. Ecuador (Santiago-Zamora).
Holotype, ~, Zumbi, I~io Zamora, altitude 700 metres,
November 2, 1941 (Ladcley).
Most similar to species such as Tipula (Eumierotipula)¢hieana Alexander, T. (E.) browniana Alexander, ~md
42*

588

Dr. C. P. Alexander o n

T. (E.)jubilans Alexander, differing from all in thecolouration of the body and wings, in the venation, andespecially in the structure of the mMe hypopygimn,
particularly of the tergite, inner dististyle, gonapophysis
and eighth sternite.
Limonia (Dicranomyia) punosnsis, sp. n.
Size relatively large (wing, male, 12 mm.); generalcoloration of mesonotal pr~escutum yellow, with threeconspicuous dark brown stripes; hMteres elongate, stem
blackened, the base narrowly yellowed, the apex of knob
pale brown; femora with tips yellow; wings whitish
subhyaline, with a restricted brown pattern; abdominal
tergites conspicuously patterned, the bases and tips
narrowly yellow, the broad intermediate portion brownish
black ; stemites yellow, the laterM borders conspicuously
bl~ekened; male hypopygiam having the ninth tergite
with a V-shaped notch, the lateral lobes obtuse ; rostralprolongMion small, with two strong spines, the outer one
placed at the extreme tip; gonapophyses broad based,
each narrowed very gradually to a small pale mesal-apieal
lobe.
Male.--Length about. 9 a m . ; wing 12 mm.
Rostrum infltseated ; palpi brownish black. Antenna
with scttpe yellow, pedicel and flagellum brownish black ;flagellar segments long-oval to subcylindrieal, constricted
at the incisures, especially the bases of the segments;
vertieils shorter than the segments; terminM segment
about one third longer than the penultimate. Head darkbrownish grey, dearer grey in front; anterior vertex
relatively narrow, about equal in width to the diameter ofscape.
Pronotum dark brown, more reddened laterally ;pretergites obscure yellow. .'-Vfesonotal praseutum withthe ground yellow, with three conspicuous dark brown
stripes that cover most of the disk, much restricting theinterspaces ; posterior s,qerites of notum dark brown, theposterior margins of the se~ttal lobes narrowly obscureyellow ; centrM portion of seutum and base of scutellum
somewhat more pruinose ; posterior border of seutellum
obscure yellow; mediotergite infuseated, the cephaliclaterM angles light yellow; pleurotergite infnscated,
margined with yellow, Pleura chiefly dark brown,new or llttie-known Tipulid~c.

589

especially on the mesopleura, the propleura and meral
region somewhat paler. Halteres elongate, stem blackened,
its base narrowly pale yellow, the apex of knob pale
brown; stem with a fringe of conspicuous set~e. Legs
with eox~e weakly infuseated, especially the fore pair;troehanters yellow ; femora obscure yellow, a little darker
before the broad pale yellow tips to form a weak subterminal ring ; remainder of legs brownish yellow, the outertarsal segments darker brown. Wings whitish subhyaline,
tile preareular and costal fields a little more whitened ; arestricted pale brown pattern, including the stigma,
together with ~ a m s along cord and outer end of cell
1st Me; veins brown. Venation: Sc1 ending a shortdistance beyond the origin of Rs, S% a shorter distance
before this origin, S q alone about one-third R s ; R 2elongate, approximately twice the free tip of Sc2; cell
1st 3/2 a little longer than vein =ll~ beyond it ; m-eu justbefore the fork of M.
Abdominal tergites conspicuously patterned with darkbrown and bright yellow, the latter including subequalbases and tips of all the segments, leaving the broad intermediate section brownish black, the central portion a little
paler than the outer margins ; sternites clear light yellow,
with conspicuous black laterM borders; eighth segment
pale ; hypopygium brownish yellow, the tips of the ventral
dististyles paler. Male hypopygium with the caudal
border of tergite conspicuously emarginate, the lobes not
modified, obtuse. Basistyle relatively small, the ventromesal lobe simple, with long conspicuous set~e. Dorsal
dististyle an unusually small and weak rod, chiefly pale,widened before mid-length, thence narrowed to the slightly
deeurved acute tip. Ventral dististyle large and fleshy, its
area about four times that of the basistyle; rostralprolongation small, its ventral margin sloping upward to
the outer spine, without a projection beyond this point ;face of projection with a row of four powerful spinous setse
down the face ; spines slightly unequal, the outer one alittle longer, separated by a short space. Gonapophysis
broad-based, narrowed very gradually into the unusuallysmall pale mesal-apieal lobe. Proetiger appearing as abroad pale membrane, with abundant setoid extensions
except near the margin. 2Edeagus with numerous strong
setse on about the basal half.
Hab. Peru (Prune).

590

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Holotype, ~, Puno, altitude 12,500 t~et, May 6, 1938
(J. Ad(jer Smyth).
From other high Andean members of the subgenus,
including Limonia (Dicranomyia) andicola (Alexander) andL. (D.) titicacana Alexander, the present fly differs conspicuously in the details of coloration of the thorax andabdomen, and, especially, in the structure of the malehypopygium.
Limonia (Rhipidia) multipunctigera, sp. n.
Size medium (wing, female, 7.5 ram.); generalcoloration of thoracic dorsum brownish grey, patternedwith darker brown, including three narrow diseal vitt~e ;antennae black, the first flagellar segment obscure yellow,
the stems of the succeeding segments yellow; flagellar
segments (female) simply produced; knobs of halteres
darkened ; coxa~ black, the tips pale ; femora pale brown,
the extreme tips vaguely paler; tibiee brownish yellow;
wings pale yellow, abundantly dotted with pale brown,
together with a few larger darker areas ; Sc 1 ending about
opposite three-fifths Rs ; cell 1st M 2 about equal in length
to the distal section of MI+~; m-cu shortly before thefork of M.
Female.--Length about 7 mm. ; wing 7.5 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antenna~ broken beyond thesixth segment; scape brown above, yellow beneath;pedicel brownish black ; flagellum black, the first segment
much paler, obscure yellow; stems of the succeeding
segments yellow, contrasting with the blackened bases;
basal four flagellar segments appearing as flattenedglobular enlargements, the lower face more produced thanthe upper but not branched ; longest verticils black, about
one-half longer than the segments. Head dark greyish
brown ; anterior vertex relatively narrow.
Pronotum dark brown, sparsely pruinose, clearer grey
above. Mesonotal pr~escutum brownish grey, patternedwith darker brown, including three narrow virtue crowded
on the median third, these becoming more confluent andsuffused on the posterior half ; seutal lobes patterned withdarker brown; seutellum and mediotergite dark brown,
grey pruinose. Pleura and pleurotergite chiefly darkbrown, the latter slightly more pruinose ; ventral sternopleurite slightly paler. Halteres with stem obscurenew or little-known Tipulid~e.

591

yellow, knob darkened. Legs with the cox~e darkened on
about the proximal half, the tips pale; trochantcrs
obscure yellow ; of the remainder of legs a single partial
hind leg remains; femora pale brown, its extreme tip
vaguely paler ; tibiae still paler brownish yellow ; tarsi
broken. Wings with the restricted ground pale yellow,
much less extensive than the dark pattern, which appears
chiefly as a multitude of pale brown dots in all the cells,
these chiefly confluent or tending to fuse ; a sparse darker
brown pattern, consisting of slightly larger areas at arculus,
at near mid-length of Sc, origin of Rs, fork of Sc, stigma,
cord and outer end of cell 1st M S ; veins obscure yellow orbrownish yellow, still darker in the patterned areas.
Venation : Sc long, Sc 1 ending about opposite three-fifths
Rs, Sc 2 near its tip ; Rs angulated at origin ; cell 1st M S
relatively long and narrowly rectangular, about equal inlength to the distal section of MI+ 2 ; m-cu shortly before
the fork of M ; vein 2nd A rather strongly sinuous.
Abdominal tergites brown, the lateral and caudal
borders of the segments more darkened, to produce abicoloured appearance ; sternites more testaeeous yellow,
the posterior margins somewhat darker. Ovipositor withthe eerci reddish horn-eolour, slender, the tips acute.
Hab. Ecuador (Santiago-Zamora).
Holotype, ~_, Zumbi, I~io Zamora, altitude 700 metres,
November 1, 1941 (Laddey).
The only regional species having a somewhat similar
wing-pattern is Limonia (Rhipidia) myriasticta Alexander,
which is an entirely different tty, having the antennae, evenin the female sex, with the flagellar segments bipeetinate.
Limonia (Geranomyia) subvirescens clementis, subsp, n.
Male.--Length, excluding rostrmn, about 4.5 mm. ;wing 5 mm. ; rostrum about 2.6 ram.
Characters as in the typical form, subvire,s'een~ Alexander,of Cuba, and the subspeciesjamaic~ Alexander, of Jamaica,
differing especially in the details of structure of the malehypopygium.
Venation: m-cu about one-third its length before thefork of M. Male hypopygium with the apex of the rostralprolongation of the ventral dististyle relatively stout but
not obtuse, as in the typical subspecies, slightly pointed at
tip ; spines about one-third longer than the length of the592

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

prolongation distad of their insertion. Mesal-apical lobe
ofgonapophysis long and slender, gradually narrowed to theacute tip, before the apex with a strong constriction;
margin of lobe smooth, without denticles.
Hab. Peru (Junin).
Holotype, ~), S~tipo, Jauja, altitude 800-900 metres,
April 8, 1941 (Paprzycki).

Helius (Helius) plebeius, sp. n.
Thoracic dorsum chiefly black, tile pr~escutum more
obscure yellow, with three black stripes; pleura andpleurotergite black ; legs yellow, the femoral tips
blackened ; wings yellow, the prearcular and costal fields
clear light yellow ; a restricted dark brown wing-pattern ;abdominal tergites.blackened, with a transverse yellow ring
before the narrowly blackened posterior border ; sternites
yellow, with an elongate black area on either side.
Female.--Length about 8 ram. ; wing 6-1 mm. ;rostrum alone about 0.6 mm.
Rostrum black, relatively short, as shown by themeasurements. Antenme black throughout ; basal fiagellar segments short and crowded, the second transverse;
outer segments passing througtl oval to elongate-oval, theterminal one very long, about one4hird longer than the
penultimate. Head dark.
Cervical region black. Prouotum black medially, more
reddish brown on sides. Mesonotal pr~escutum with theground-colour reddish brown, sparsely pruinose, with threeconspicuous black stripes, the median one not reaching thesuture behind; humeral and lateral portions of thepr~escutum broadly reddened ; scutum with lobes blackened, the median region paler ; posterior sclerites ofnotum
black. Pleur~ black, a little paler on the dorsopleuralregion and immediately beneath this. Halteres yellow.
Legs with the cox~e reddish yellow ; trochanters yellow ;femora obscure yellow, the tips gradually blackened,
relatively broad; remainder of legs obscm'e brownish
yellow, the outer tarsal segments slightly darker. Wings
with ~ yellowish ground, the prearcular and costal fields
clear light yellow ; distal ends of outer radial cells morestrongly infuscated ; a conspicuous dark brown pattern,including the elongate stigma and spots at origin of Rs, tipof R3, anterior cord, and more narrowly over the posterior

new or littie-l~nown Tipulid~e.

593

cord and outer end of cell 1st M s ; a longitudinal brownwash at near mid-length of basal section of vein Cu,
nvolving the membrane on both sides; small d u s k ymarginal clouds at ends of veins M~ to 2nd A , inclusive ;veins yellow, brown in the heavily-patterned areas, clear
light yellow in the brightened fields. Venation: Rs
arcuated at origin, about one-hatf longer than the arcuatedbasal section of MI+~; anterior branch of Rs strongly
upcurved at tip so cell R~ is only about one-fifth asextensive at margin as is cell R a ; cell 1st M s elongate, only
a little less than vein MI+ 2 beyond i t ; m-cu a shortdistance before the fork of M ; distal section of Cu 1 long,
fully three times m-cu.
Abdomen brownish black, the more basal tergites at andbeyond mid-length conspicuously ringed with yellow, thebasal rings and narrow posterior borders dark brown;
stcrnitcs polished yellow, each segment with a brownishblack area on either side ; subterminal sternites narrowly
blackened; ovipositor with genital shield yellow castaneous; cerci elongate, very slender, upcurved to the acutetips.
Hab. Ecuador (Santiago-Zamora).
Holotype, 9, Zamora, altitude 1000 metres, October 19,
1941 (Laddey).
Most closely related to Helius (Helius) fragosus
Alexander, of south-eastern Brazil, from which it differs indetails of coloration of the legs and wings and in slightdetails of venation. The somewhat peculiar abdominal
pattern is almost exactly as in fragosus.
Orimarga (Diotrepha) profusa, sp. n.

Size relatively large (wing, male, 6 ram.); generalcoloration of thorax uniformly brown, unpatterned, witha sparse pruinosity ; legs white, the femoral tips broadl/
blackened, of the tibiae more narrowly so ; wings with asmoky tinge, the costal border more yellowed ; certain of
the veins, especially Ca, seamed with darker; vein R 1
merging gradually with vein R~, with no trace of RI+~;
male hypopygium with the ventromesal lobe of basistylelarge and conspicuous; inner dististylc with long blackset,e, especially at and near apex ; phallosome projecting
caudad as a median blackened structure.
M a l e . - - L e n g t h about 10 ram. ; wing 6 mm.

594

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennm black throughout.
Head light brownish grey, the narrow anterior vertex lightgrey.
Pronotum brownish black. Mesonotum almost uniformly brown, unpatterned, with a very sparse pruinosity.
Pleura brown, with a more blackish longitudinal stripe,
extending from above the fore eoxm to the base of theabdomen, passing beneath the root of t h e halteres.
Halteres with stem dusky, yellow at base, knob blackened.
Legs with eox~e testaeeous brown to pale brown; trochanters yellow ; femora very pale yellow, the tips broadly
blackened; tibim white, the bases very narrowly infuseated,
the tip similarly blackened ; tarsi white. Wings with asmoky tinge, the costal border more yellowed ; several ofthe veins further bordered by slightly darker brown, mostevident over the entire length of vein Cu and again near
the wing-tip at end of vein Ra; veins very pale brown,
more brownish yellow in the brightened costal field.
Venation: S c 1 ending about opposite two-fifths thelength of Rs, the latter angulated at origin; vein R 1
merging gradually with vein R~, with no trace of RI+ = ;R 2 in virtual transverse alignment with r-m ; basal sectionof R4+ 5 long, arcuated at origin; m - c u just before onethird the length of vein M.
Abdominal tergites brownish black, the sternites a trifle
paler; hypopygium chiefly dark brown. Male hypo_pygium large and conspicuous, the various parts moredeveloped than in atribaaia. Tergite produced medially,
without elongate setm. Basistyle with the ventromesal
lobe large and conspicuous, the outer apical angle further
produced, the entire apex with numerous stout set~e ; atbase of this major lobe with a further small setiferous
lobule ; apex of basistyle on mesal face with two very longand powerful setm. Dististyles blackened, united basally,
the outer style a little longer, the acute tip straight ; lower
margin and apex of the inner style with abundant and very
conspicuous darkened setm. Phallosome projecting conspicuously eaudad as a median blackened structure, theouter apical angles a trifle divergent ; gonap0physes withacute spines ; a small oval lobe on either side ofphallosome
at base with about five unusually long setm.
H a b . Peru (Ayaeueho).
Holotype, ~ , Ayna, La Mar, altitude 2400 metres,
April 26, 1941 (Woytkow~'lci).

new or little-known Tipulid~e.

595

Orimarga (Diotrepha) profusa is most similar to O. (D.)
atribasi8 Alexander, wide-spread at low altitudes overnorthern South America. The two flies differ especially inthe structure of the male hypopygia, including the tergitc,
basistyles, dististyles and phallosome.
Epiphragma (Epiphragma) cynotis, sp. n.
Size above medium (wing, male, 13 ram.); mesonotal
pr~escutum with the humeral and lateral portions chestnutbrown, the disk occupied by four confluent brownishyellow stripes ; head in front deep fulvous, the posteriorvertex brownish grey ; dorsal thoracic pleurites darkened ;knobs of halteres extensively pale ; legs yellow, the femorawith two broad blackened rings; wings yellow, with amedium brown pattern that is partly oeelliform; cell
2nd A with about six or seven darkened areas all broadly
connected along the margin ; male hypopygium with theouter dististyle very small, nearly glabrous, only about
one-third the size of the very conspicuous inner dististyle,the latter expanded on basal half.
Male.--Length about 11.5 m m . ; wing 13 m m . ;antenna about 3.2 mm.
Rostrum obscure yellowish brown; palpi black.
Antennae black, the fusion-segment abruptly light yellow ;fusion-segment comprised of two segments, the suture
partly indicated ; outer flagellar segmel~ts subcylindrical,
about as long as the verticils ; segments with further dense
but very short setul~e. Head above on anterior vertex
deep fulvous, the occiput brown, sparsely pruinose, thebroad intervening area of the posterior vertex brownish
grey in front, narrowly bordered by dark brown, this colour
continued onto the orbits.
Pronotum brown, brownish black on the sides. Mesonotal pr~escutum with the humeral and lateral portions
chestnut-brown, the disk occupied by four confluent
brownish-yellow stripes, the cephalic third of the scleritewith a more blackened capillary vitta ; scutal lobes medium
brown, more yellowed behind ; posterior sclerites of notum
more greyish pruinose ; scutellum with indications of acapillary darkened median vitta, parascutella yellow;
mediotergite conspicuously yellowed on posterior third,
the anterior portion brown, sparsely pruinose; pleurotergite infuscated, more yellowed on the ventral and dorsal

59~

Dr. C. P. Alexander onborders. Pleura above chiefly darkened, the ventral
s('Ieritcs more yellowed, ineludit g lno~ of the sternopleurite ; m e r o n and metapleura more pruinose ; dorsopleural membrane dusky. Halteres elongate, stem weakly
darkened, its base narrowly yellow; knob slightly
darkened, the tip broadly pale. Legs with the cox~eyellow, more of less darkened basally, more extensively so
on tile fore pair; troehanters obscure yellow; femora
obscure yellow, with two broad blackened rings, the outersubterminal one somewhat darker, abotit three times theyellow apex and slightly exceeding the subterminal yellow
ring ; remainder of legs yellow, the tips of the tibia a trifle
darkened. Wings yellow, with a medium brown patternthat is p~rtly oeelliform, the areas eentreing at areulus,
origin of Rs, cord, outer end of cell 1st M2, Ra and fork of
M1+2; dark area at arculu~ almost solid; all darkened
areas medium brown, without darker borders ; a series ofabout six or seven dark areas in cell 2rid A , these all
broadly interconnected along the border ; cell 1st A with
about four such areas, including those at the veins ; cell0~ with ~ group of four spots at near mid-length; veinsbrownish yellow, darker in the more heavily-patternedareas, yellow in the costal interspaees. Venation: Sc 2
ending nearly opposite the fork of R2+,a+4, S q shorter;
supernumerary cross-vein in cell 0 oblique; Rs long,square and spurred at origin; R2+a+4 about one-third
longer than .m-c~z, the latter less than its own length beyond
the fork of M.
First abdominM tergite greyish pruinose, succeeding
tergites medium brown, narrowly darker laterally ;sternites yellow, darker laterally, most extensively so atbase of second segment ; outer segments more extensively
darkened; hypopygium brownish yellow. Male hypopygimn with the tergal lobes conspicuous, separated by anotch having ne~trly the same outline. Interbase with the
apex recurved into an acute spine. Dististyles distinctive,
tile outer style very small, nearly glabrous, its long slender
tip acute ; inner style very large, its area fiflly throe times
that of the outer which it completely covers ; broadestacross the basal half, the outer angle of which is produced
into a shoulder that is provided with about a dozen longconspicuous set0e ; inner portion of the expanded base withfewer long delicate pale set0e ; outer half of style graduallynew or little-known Tipulid~e.

597

narrowed, the tip obtuse, with four strong curved yellow
setge.
Hab. Peru (Ayacucho).
Holotype, c~, Yanamonte, La Mar, in fog forests,
altitude 3000-4100 metres, October 5, 1941 (Woyt]cows]ci).
The most similar described species is Epiphragma(Epiphragnza) felix Alexander, from this same general
locality. This latter has the wing-pattern somewhat thesame though differing in all details, while the body and legs
are quite differently patterned. The structure of the malehypopygium of the present fly is distinct from that of tile
now numerous species known from Tropical America.

Epiphragma ( Ep@hragma) claudia, sp. n.
Size large (wing, female, over 16 mm.); generalcolouration of mesonotum yellowish grey, patterned withbrown; antenna~ with the fusion-segment clear lightyellow, the succeeding segments obscure yellow, the outerones passing into brown ; apices of the knobs of haltereswhitened; legs medimn brown, only the femoral bases
more yellowed; wings whitish subhyalir~e, with an
unusually clear-cut light brown pattern; all dark areas
narrowly bordered by darker brown ; cell 2nd A with threedark areas, cell 1st A with t w o ; abdominal tergites
obscure yellow, the basal rings patterned with dark brown,
especially distinct on the lateral borders; sternites lightyellow.
Female.:-Length about 16 mm. ; wing 16.5 ram. ;antenna about 4.2 mm.
Rostrum golden yellow ; palpi brown. Antennm relatively long; scape and pedicel dark b r o ' ~ ; fusionsegment clear light yellow, succeeding segments obscureyellow-, the outer ones passing into brown ; fusion-segmentcompletely involving two segments. Head above deepbrown ; anterior vertex and orbits more yellowed.
Pronotum dark brown medially, more yellowed on sides.
Mesonotal przescutum and scutum with the ground-colour
yellowislTt grey, patterned with brown ; prmscutal stripes
pale brown, their posterioc ends much darker to appear as
four oval brown dashes; scutal lobes with posterior
portions marked with brown, the median area even more
extensively darkened; scutellum and postnotum light
grey, parascutella (lark brown; lateral borders ofmediotergite and most of pleurotergite dark brown, the598

Dr. C. P. Alexander o nkatapleurotergite silvery pruinose. Pleura silvery grey,
conspicuously variegated with dark brown spots, mostextensively so on the ventral sternopleurite. Haltereswith stem yellow, base of knob infuscated, its apex
yellowish white. Legs with the outer faces of coxm
yellowish grey, restrictedly spotted with brown; trochanters obscure yellow ; remainder of legs medium brown,t~le femoral bases rather narrowly more yellowed. Wings
whitish subhyaline, with an unusually clear-cut lightbrown pattern, all areas clearly delimited by narrow darkbrown borders; dark areas tending to be separated or
merely contiguous ; in cell 2nd A only three dark areas,
including the one at end of vein ; cell 1st A with two areas,
both at the ends of the veins ; cell Cu with about five major
markings; dark seam over the supernmnerary cross-veinin cell C confluent with the outer margin of the dark area
centreing at origin of Rs ; veins yellow, dark brown in thepatterned areas. Venation: Supernumerary cross-vein
about opposite one-third to one-fourth Rs, the latter
angulated at origin, its basal section oblique; R2+3+ 4
relatively short, subequal to or less than R2+ 3 ; cell 1st M swidened oufwardly ; m-cu less than its own length beyond
the fork of M.
Abdominal tergites obscure yellow, the basal rings
patterned with dark brown, especially distinct on thelateral portions, less evidently darkened on the median
portion of the posterior rings, the extreme posterior
margins light grey pruinose; sternites light yellow, theterminal segments more infuscated.
Hab. Peru (Ayacucho).
Holotype, 9, ¥anamonte, La Mar, in fog forests,
altitude 3000-4100 metres, October 6, 1941 (Woytlcowski).
Epiphragma (Epiphragma) claudia is well-distinguishedfrom the other regional species having a somewhat similar
wing-pattern and unvariegated legs by the large size anddistinctly darkened borders on all the markings of thewings. Such other species include the various forms thatare allied to E. (E.) solatrix (Osten Sacken), especially
E. (E.) imit(l,ns Alexander, a much smaller fly with(tistinctive wing-pattern and details of venation.
Shanno~wmyia cerbereana, sp. n.
General coloration of mesonotum brownish black, the,sides of the pleura chiefly obscure yellow ; head brownish

~ew or little-known Tipulidm.

599

black, the centre of the anterior vertex with an impressed
line; halteres relatively long, the knobs unusually large
and flattened ; wings with a strong blackish tinge ; sparsemaerotrichia in outer ends of cells R a to 2nd Ms, inclusive ;cell M 2 open by the atrophy of basal section of M 3 ; cell
2nd M e about one-half longer, than its petiole ; m-cu its
own length beyond the fork of M ; male hypopygium withthe outer dististyle unequally bifid at apex, the outer spine
long and curved ; mesal face of basistyle produced into an
oval flattened blade, with a further curved hook near its
base; gonapophyses very small pale blades, oval in
outline.
Male.--Length about 5.5 mm. ; wing 5.8 mm.
l~ostrum short, brownish black ; palp black. Antennw.
with scape and pedicel brownish black ; flagellum broken.
Head brownish black, sparsely pollinose to produce an
opaque appearance; centre of anterior vertex with ablackened sunken linear impression; anterior vertex
relatively broad, about four times the diameter of scape.
Pronotum dark brown, the scutellum more brownish
yellow. Mesonotum chiefly brownish black, the surface
subnitidous ; posterior sclerites of notum more piteous toreddened, the postnotum obscure brownish yellow, moreor less prainose. Pleura chiefly obscure yellow, contrastingwith the blackened dorsum; propleura, ventral sternopleurite and lower portion of anepisternum slightly moredarkened ; meron more pruinose ; dorsopleural membrane
infuscated. Halteres relatively long, with the knobs
unusually large and flattened; Stem light brown, knob
blackened. Legs with the eox~e obscure yellow, relatively
long; trochanters obscure yellow; remainder of legs
broken. Wings with an unusually strong blackish tinge,
the stigmal region undifferentiated except for a barely
indicated pale ring ; veins brown. Sparse maerotriehia inouter ends of cells R 3 to 2nd M2, inclusive, arranged in anarrow row down the eentres of the cells. Venation : Sc 1
ending about opposite four-fifths the length of Rs, Sce very
close to the extreme tip, exceeding S q in length; Rs
relatively long, exceeding in length its anterior branch;
Re faintly indicated, at near mid-length of stigma, shorter
than R1+2; elements of anterior cord in transversealignment, r-m arcuated ; cell M e open by the atrophy ofbasal section of M.~, cell 2nd M e about one-half longer than600

Dr. C. P. Alexander o n

its petiole ; m-cu its own length beyond the fork of M andonly a little shorter than the distal section of Cu~.
Abdomen black, the more proximal sternites paler.
Male hypopygium with the caudal margin of tergite
broadly emarginate, the lateral lobes produced into small
obtuse points. Mesal face of basistyle at cephalic end
produced into a recurred blackened point, this latter
possibly an interbase. Outer dististyle blackened, relatively slender, unequally bifid at apex, the outer spine longand curved ; surface of style with scattered elongate set~e.
Inner dististyle relatively small, dark-coloured. Gonapophyses very small, appearing as long oval paIe blades.
2Edeagus relatively long, the penis spiraloid on basal twothirds.
Hab. Ecuador (Tungurahua).
Holotype, ~, Rio Blanco, near Bafios, altitude 2000
metres, May 14, 1937 (Macintyre).
The reference of this distinct fly to Shannonomyia
Alexander must be held a.~ being somewhat provisional,
sluice it deviates from the cilaracters of the genus in certain
respects of venation and structure of the male hypo~)ygium.
The cell M~, open by the atrophy of the basal section of vein
M3, provides an almost unique character in the gem, s,
elsewhere being known only in the Mexican Shannonomyia
lenit,ttis Alexander, which lacks macrotriehia in the cells of
the wings.

Hexatoma (Eriocera) captiosa, sp. n.
General coloration of thorax and abdomen clark brownor brownish black, the posterior sclerites of tile mesonotum
and the pleura sparsely pruinose ; legs brown or testaceousbrown ; wings brownish grey, the preareular and costal
border's narrowly darker, stigma not differentiated;
macrotrichia of veins beyond cord very sparse ; abdomen,
including bypopyginm, brownish black.
Male.--Length about S-5 ram. : wing 9-5 ram. ; antenna~bout 2-1 ram.
P~ostrum short, clark brown; palpi brownish black.
A~ltenn~ relatively short, seven-segmented, brown, theouter flagellar segments a trifle paler; first flagellar
segment a little longer than segments two and threecombir~ed ; flagella.r segment four longer than either threeor five, the two latter subcqual in length. Head above
dark liver-brown, t:he vertie~xl tubercle dull orange-new or little-known Tipulid~e.

601

red; vertical tubercle relatively high, deeply impressed
medially.
Pronotum dark brown. Thorax relatively dark brown,
the disk of the pr~escutum of the unique type chiefly
destroyed ; scutellum and median region of scutum lightgrey pruinose, the mediotergite tess evidently so. Pleuraand pleurotergite dark brown, the entire surface sparsely
grey pruinose. Halteres with stem dark brown, its outerportion, with the knob, broken. Legs with coxm darkbrown: sparsely pruinose; remainder of legs brown ortestaeeous brown, the terminal tarsal segment darker;
claws (male) with a long basal tooth. Wings with abrownish-grey suffusion, the prearcular and costal regions
narrowly darker; stigma not differentiated from theground; radial branches narrowly and vaguely seamedwith brown ; veins brown, those of the outer medial field
more delicate and paler. Veins unusually glabrous,
beyond the cord and excluding R 1 with five or six very
scattered trichia on distal half of outer section of vein R 5.
Venation : Sc 1 ending shortly beyond level of r-m, S% a
comparable distance before this cross-vein; R2+ 3 a little
exceeding R e and about one-half as long as R1+2; cell
1st M 2 a trifle less than vein M 4 ; m-cu about one-third to
one-fourth its length beyond the fork of M, subequal to the
distal section of Cul; cell 2ncl A narrower than in
peruviana.
Abdomen dark brown to brownish black, including the
hypopygium, the basal segments a very little paler.
Hab. Ecuador (Napo-Pastaza).
Holotype, ~, Abitagua, altitude 1100 metres, April 13,
1940 (Macintyre).
This fly is most similar to Hexatoma (Eriocera)
peruviana Alexander of southern Peru, differing especiallyin the different coloration of the body, particularly of thethorax and abdomen. Both species have the unusuallysparse macrotrichia of the veins beyond the cord. The fly
also superficially resembles H. (E,)perenensis (Alexander),likewise from Peru, which has abundant maerotrichia on
the outer radial veins.
Hexatoma (Eriocera) aglaia, sp. n.
Size relatively small (wing, male, 9 ram.); generalcoloration of mesonotum dark brown, the humeral region
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 11. Vol. xii.
43

602

Dr. C. P. Alexander onof prmscutum obscure yellow, pleura and pleurotergite
heavily grey pruinose ; knobs of halteres darkened ; femora
yellow, with two dark brown annuli, the outermost
terminal in position ; wings with three yellow cross-bands,
alternating with three pale brown bands, the basal band
being yellow, the apical one brown ; abdomen with basal
four segments yellow, succeeding three black, apical twosegments orange.
M a l e . - - L e n g t h about 10 ram. ; wing 9 mm. ; antenna
about 2-3 ram.
Rostrum light brown; palpi and mouth-parts darker
brown. Antennm short, broken at end of the sixth
segment (length to here 2.1 ram.) ; scape orange ; pedicel
and first flagellar segment testaceous yellow, succeeding
segments passing into light brown ; first flagellar segment
only a little shorter than the succeeding three taken
together. Head fiery orange, somewhat more infuscatedon sides of posterior vertex, more pruinose on the gen~e ;verticle tubercle consisting of two oval lobes or knobs
behind the antennal foss~e.
Pronotum dark brown, heavily grey pruinose. Mesonotal pr~eseutum with the restricted ground obscure yellow',
virtually confined to the humeral triangles, the remainder
dark brown to form a discal shield ; posterior sclcrites o f
notum similarly dark brown, the scutellum more pruinose.
Pleura and pleurotergite dark brown even more heavily
pruinose. Halteres with knob dark brown. Legs with thecoxm dark broad,a, grey pruinose; trochanters obscureyellow, basally, more infuscated at tips ; femora obscureyellow, with two dark brown annuli, one post-medial, thesecond terminal, enclosing a somewhat broader, clearer
yellow annulus ; tibiae and tarsi pale brown to yellowish
brown, the terminal tarsal segments brownish black.
Wings light yellow, with three pale brown cross-bands thatalternate with three comparable bands of the ground, thelatter prearcular, at one-third the wing-length, the thirdband at and immediately before cord ; the dark bands lie
beyond the arculus, at mid-length of wing and the verybroad apex, the latter involving the outer half of the
1st M 2 ; the margins of all bands, especially of outer half o fwing, unusually straight and parallel-sided; veins pale
brown, light yellow in the ground areas. Veins withsparse trichia ; beyond the cord with a restricted series onnew or little-known Tipulid~e.

603

distal section of vein R 5. Venation : R~ at fork of R~+a+ 4,
R3+a lacking or punctiform ; cell 1st M~ with its inner end
oblique, lying more proximad than the other elements ofcord ; m-cu at fork of M, about one-third longer than the
distal section of Cu 1.
Abdomen with basal four segments light yellow, only
the first tergite restrictedly infuscated on posterior portion ;segments five to seven, inclusive, black, forming a subterminal ring i segments eight and nine orange ; surface ofsegments nitidous or subnitidous, without differentiatedrings.
Hab. Ecuador (Napo-Pastaza).
Holotype, ~, Abitagua, altitude 1100 metres, April 13,
1940 (Macintyre).
The present fly suggests species such as Hexatoma(Eriocera) magistra Alexander and H. (E.) plaumanni
Alexander, differing conspicuously in all details of coloration of the body and wings, and in the venation.

Elephantomyia (Elephantomyia) pictiventris, sp. n.
Size medium (wing, female, 7-8 mm.); rostrum longer
than the wing ; mesonotal pr~escutum yellow, the groundalmost obliterated by three dark stripes; posteriorsclerites of notum extensively dark brown, variegated byyellow ; pleura yellow, with a brownish-black transverse
girdle involving the mesepisternum and mid-coxm ; legs
yellow, the femoral tips narrowly blackened ; tibial spurs
lacking ; wings brownish yellow, heavily patterned withmedium brown, this appearing as broad seams to m a n y ofthe veins ; stigma oval, dark brown an,] very conspicuous,
preceded and followed by more yellowed areas ; branchesof Rs extending generally parallel to one another for their
entire length ; abdominal sternites very conspicuously andhandsomely patterned, the borders narrowly black, thecentral area occupied by a black triangle, restricting large
polished yellow marks on either side.
Female.--Length, excluding rostrum, about 9 mm. ;wing 7-8 mm. ; rostrum about 8.5 mm.
Rostrum elongate, exceeding the wing in length, medium
brown, darker at tip; palpi brown. Antennae 15segmented, brown throughout ; flagellar segments elongate
subcylindrical, the verticels much exceeding the segments
in length. Head above light grey; anterior vertex
43*

604

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

reduced to a narrow strip that is only a little more than
one-half the diameter of the scape.
Pronotum dark brown above, paler on sides. Mesonotal
prmseutum with the ground-colour obscure yellow, withthree stripes, the median one dark brown, slightly widened
behind but not quite reaching the suture, further divided
for most of its extent by a capillary median black vitta ;lateral stripes more reddish brown ; posterior sclerites ofnotum extensively dark brown, variegated by yellow on thelateral borders and posterior angles of the seutal lobes, theparascutella, lateral margins of mediotergite and all ofpleurotergite.
Pleura yellow with a brownish-blacktransverse girdle involving the entire mesepisternum andmiddle eox~e but not crossing the dorsopleural field.
Halteres with stem pale, knob dark brown. Legs with theeoxm yellow, excepting the blackened middle cox~e;trochanters yellow; femora obscure yellow, the tips
narrowly but conspicuously black, the amount subequal on
all legs, preceded by a wider, somewhat dearer yellow ring ;tibia; and tarsi obscure yellow; tibial spurs lacking.
Wings brownish yellow, heavily patterned with medium
brown, t h i s appearing as a costal border, involving cells
C and Sc, and as broad seams to various veins, inelffding
Rs, cord, outer end of cell 1st M~ and vein Cu ; narrower
seams over most of the remaining veins, especially 2nd A ;wing-tip in outer radial field strongly darkened ; stigmaoval, dark brown, very conspicuous, preceded and followedby more yellowish areas; veins brown. Venation: Sc 1
ending just before the fork of Rs, Sc 1 somewhat longer thanScl, placed near its tip ; branches of Rs extending generally
parallel to one another for virtually their entire length, theanterior branch beneath the stigma very gently sinuous ;cell 1st M~ about as long as distal section of vein M3;m - c u about its own length beyond the fork of M, one-fifth
longer than the distal section of Cu I ; cell 2nd A moderately
wide.
Abdominal tergites chiefly dark brown, only the lateralborders conspicuously yellow, the amount slightly increased at near mid-length of segment thereby constricting
the broad brown central stripe ; sternites very conspicuously patterned, each being narrowly bordered on sides andacross posterior margin with black and with a broad black
central triangle, its point directed eephalad, the broad basenew or little-known Tipulidm.

605

being confluent with the posterior border, thus restricting
broad polished yellow sublateral areas on each segment;
the central dark triangle is best defined on the more basal
segments, on the fifth and sixth becoming narrower, on thesubterminal sternites lacking or indicated only by areddish tinge, the black borders remaining clear anddistinct. Ovipositor with the genital shield yellow ; cerci
elongate, reddish horn-colour, slender, upcurved at tips;
hypovalv~e horn-yellow, blackened at bases.
Hab. Ecuador (Santiago-Zamora).
Holotype, 9, Zamora, altitude 1000 metres, October 19,
1941 (Laddey).
The present fly is readily told from the other describedregional forms by the heavily-patterned wings and by thecoloration of the body, particularly the mesonotum andthe abdominal sternites. It is most similar to species suchas Elephantomyia (Elephantomyia) angustissima Alexander,
yet is amply distinct.

Gonomyia (Lipophleps) subscimitar, sp. n.
Belongs to the manca group, allied to scimitar; size
small (wing, male, about 3 mm.); mesonotum chiefly
cinnamon-brown, thoracic pleura conspicuously stripedwith yellow and brown ; legs brown ; wings with a strong
brownish-grey suffusion, the prearcular and costal fields
light yellow; male hypopygium with the apical lobe ofbasistyle slender, narrowed outwardly, the set~e short;outer dististyles of the two sides symmetrical, eachappearing as a strongly-curved hook ; phallosome with thepaired elements entirely pale, feebly sclerotized, their tips
obtusely rounded.
Male.---Length about 2.7-2.8 mm. ; wing 3 mm.
l~ostrum and palpi black. Antennae with the scapebicoloured, yellow above, infuscated beneath; pedicel
yellow, flagellum brownish black; vertieils of male very
elongate. Head light yellow, the centre of vertex moredarkened.
Pronotum and pretergites pale yellow. Mesonotum
chiefly cinnamon-brown, centre of seutum obscure yellow ;seutellum obscure yellow, narrowly more darkened
medially; mediotergite chiefly pale yellow, the cephalicportion more darkened. Pleura and pleurotergite stripedwith pale yellow and brown, the former including a

(106Dr. C. P. Alexander o nconspicuous longitudinal stripe that is bordered both aboveand below by narrower brown lines, more deeply coloured
immediately adjoining the yellow band, thence becoming
gradually paler. Halteres with stem yellow, knob weakly
darkened. Legs with coxm and trochanters yellow;
remainder of legs brown, the outer segments darker.
Wings with a rather strong brownish-grey tinge; prearcular and costal fields light yellow, stigmal region a trifle
more darkened ; veins pale brown, more yellowed in thebrightened fields. Venation : Sc 1 ending just before originof Rs ; anterior branch of Rs strongly upcurved at outer
end ; cell 1st M 2 closed ; m-cu at or very close to fork of M.
Abdomen yellow, the lateral and caudal portions of theouter segments more narrowly infuscated to produce a
weakly-banded appearance; hypopygium orange. Male
hypopygium with the apical lobe of basistyle about onehalf as long as the remainder of style, strongly narrowed
outwardly, the apex narrowly obtuse, the setm relatively
short. Outer dististyle a strongly curved sclerotized hook,symmetrical on the two sides ; inner dististyle with a single
enlarged seta, the others normal. Phallosome with thepaired blades entireJy pale and only feebly sclerotized,
their tips obtusely rounded.
Hub. Peru (Junin).
Holotype, ~, Satipo, Jauja, altitude 800-900 metres,
April 8, 1941 (Paprzycki). Paratopotypes, 7 ~ , November
28, 1940 to April 5, 1941 (Paprzyc]ci).
The nearest desclibed relative of the present fly is
Gonomyia (Lipophleps) scimitar Alexander, of British
Guiana, which differs in all details of the male hypopygium,including the stouter lobe of the basistyle with the tip
obtuse and with much longer setm, the narrow blackened
paired blades of the phallosome, and other characters.
The strongly-curved outer dististyles are of about the samelength and stoutness as in scimitar, being much larger thanin species such as G. (L.) puer Alexander but smaller andstouter than in G. (L.) producta Alexander and certain otherrelated forms.

Erioptera (Mesocyphona) iquitosensis, sp. n.
Allied to bicinctipes ; thoracic pleura with a conspicuous
silvery longitudinal stripe; legs yellow, the posterior
femora with ~-wo dark rings; wings unpatterned; male

new or little-known Tipulidm.

607

hypopygium with the dististyle three-branched, the longer
axial arm forking at near two-thirds the length into two
branches, the shorter one with a comb of short blackened
teeth, the longer outer branch a sinuous acute spine ; third
branch arising at extreme base of style; gonapophysis
single on either side, appearing as a strong curved horn thatnarrows to the acute tip, its outer surface with conspicuous
appressed setse.
Male.--Length about 2.5 mm. ; wing 2-5 ram.
Female.--Length about 3 mm. ; wing 3 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennm with the scapeblack, pruinose ; pedicel and flagellum paler, light brown.
Head yellow, the centre of vertex dark brown.
Pronotum light brown, variegated on sides with darkbrown. Mesonotum chiefly light brown, slightly patternedwith darker, the scutellum testaceous yellow. Pleura darkbrown, with a very conspicuous silvery-white longitudinal
stripe that is narrowly bordered both above and below withsomewhat darker brown; dorsopleural region yellow.
Halteres with stem yellow, knob infuscated. Legs withfore and middle cox~e infuscated, the posterior pair paler ;trochanters yellow ; remainder of legs yellow, the fore andmiddle femora with a single narrow brown ring, theposterior, and, in cases, the middle femora with two suchrings, both on the outer third ; remainder of legs yellow.
Wings with a weak brownish tinge, somewhat darker along
the veins and in the stigmal and axillary regions ; veinsbrownish yellow, the macrotrichia darker. Venation:
cell M s open by atrophy of basal section of M3; vein
2nd A strongly sinuous on distal third.
Abdomen, including hypopygium, dark brown, thesubterminal segment light yellow. Male hypopygium withthe dististyle three-branched, the longer axial arm darkcoloured, forking at about two-thirds to three-fourths thelength, the shorter branch a flattened blade, its subtruncated apex and outer margin with a comb of short
blackened teeth ; the longer outer branch a sinuous spinethat narrows to the acute tip, at near mid-length with asmall blackened spur that is sparsely setuliferous ; third
branch arising at extreme base of style on lower or mesal
margin, extending quite to the apex of the first branch, as
described, appearing as a narrow blade, its tip subacute,the surface with a few scattered setigerous punctures.

608

On new or little-known TipuIidse.

Gonapophyses single on either side, appearing as a strong
curved horn that narrows to the acute tip, the outersurface with conspicuous appressed set~e.
Hab. Peru (Loreto).
Holotype, ~, Iquitos, March-April, 1931 (Shannon).

Allotopotype, ~. Paratopotype, ~.
The present fly is very similar in its general appearance
to Erioptera (Mesocyphona) bicinctipes Alexander andcertain other allied forms, differing from all in the structureof the male hypopygium; as described. The dististyle inbicinctipes is unbranched.

Erioptera (Mesocyphona ) cynthia, sp. n.
General coloration of mesonotum dark brown ; pleura
striped longitudinally with silvery white and brownish
black ; halteres pale yellow ; legs yellow, the femora witha dark brown subterminal ring; wings with a brownish
tinge, unpatterned; male hypopygium with a single
dististyle, this appearing as a broadly-flattened blade, on
its outer margin at near one-third the length bearing aslender blackened spinoid arm ; gonapophyses appearing
as single straight black spines.
Male.--Length about 3 mm. ; wing 3 ram.
Female.--Length about 4 mm. ; wing 4 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae with scapeand pedicel black; flagellum of male broken, of female
elongate, much paler than the basal segments. Headabove dark brown, the front, anterior vertex and orbits
more greyish.
Pronotum black above, grey on sides. Mesonotum
rather dark brown, the pr~escutum and scutum virtuallyunvariegated ; seutellum and postnotum more yellowed.
Pleura very conspicuously striped longitudinally withbrownish black and silvery white, the latter including thedorsopleural membrane and a broad ventral band frombehind the fore coxoe across the lower sclerites to theabdomen, passing beneath the wing root. Halteres paleyellow. Legs with the femora obscure brownish yellow,
somewhat darker on proximal half, the tip narrowly
clearer yellow, preceded by a dark brown ring that is
approximately twice as wide ; tibiae and tarsi clear yellow.
Wings with a brownish tinge, the prearcular and costal
regions clearer yellow ; veins and macrotrichia pale brown.

On new Species of African Cryptocephalus.

609'

Venation : Cell M 2 open by the atrophy of basal section of
M 3 ; vein 2nd A rather strongly sinuous.
Abdomen brownish black, the hypopygium more intensely so, the eighth segment yellow. Male hypopygium
distinctive ; a single dististyle, this appearing as a broadlyflattened blade, yellow on central portion, more infuscatedon outer third, the tip broadly obtuse and slightly decurved ; on outer margin of style at about the basal third
with a long, very slender black arm or rod that is slightly
more expanded on basal half. Gonapophyses appearing
as a simple black spine on either side, nearly straight,
narrowed to the acute tip.
Hab. Ecuador (El Oro).
Holotype, 3, Pifias, Morro Morro, altitude 1500 metres,
J u l y 14, 1941 (Laddey). Allotopotype, ~_, pinned with thetype.
Erioptera (Mesocyphona) cynthia is entirely different
from the now relatively numerous Neotropical species ofthe subgenus having unpatterned wings and a single dark
femoral ring. The only described species that at all
resembles it is E. (M.) whitei Alexander, of Central
America, which has the hypopygium quite distinct.

LXI.--New Species of African Cryptocephalus (Chrysomelidee, Col.). B y G. E. BRYANT, Imperial Instituteof Entomology.
A~o?cG the interesting collections sent by Dr. J. Risbecfrom Senegal are four interesting species of Cryptocephalus,
some feeding on Millet. Two of these have been in the
British Museum collection, represented b y single specimens, since 1877, bearing manuscript names b y C. Suffrian.
The types of the new species have been presented to
the British Museum (Natural History).

Cryptocephalus hargreavesi, sp. n.

(Fig. 1.)

Head and underside flavous, prothorax chestnut brown,
the front and side margins flavous, and a median longitudinal flavous line. Elytra chestnut brown, finely andevenly punctate-striate.
Length 4 mm.