YoI. 5,p.223-231.

Jrrorny

12,1927.

OccasionalPapers
OF TITE

Boston Society of Natural lfistory.
THE CRANE-FLIES (TIPULIDAE) OF NEW ENGLAND:SECONDSUPPLEMENTARYLIST.
BY CI{ARLES P. ALEXANDER.

Mn. JonNsoN's"Diptera of New England,' (Occas.papers
Boston Soc.Nat. Hist., vol. 7,no.15, p. 1-326,1g2b)furnished
the basic list of Tipulidae for the New England States with 26a
species. My flrst supplement(Occas.PapersBoston Soc. Nat.
Hist., vol. 5, p. 169-174,L925)added 13 speciesto this list. As aresult of further detailed collecting during 1926,ii is now possibleto add 13morespeciesto this list, bringingthe known total to290. In the present paper I wish to discussthese additions.
to briefly outline the iafe summer Tiputl;;;iM;;;;;;;(New England Area 8); and to describethe two noveltiesthat are
discussedin the list of additions.
AnorrroNs ro rHE Trpur,roen or Nnw Ewcr,eNn.
278. Dicranomyia lacroixi Alex. (Ent. News, vol. BZ, p. 46,
1926).
Rochester,Plymouth Co., Mass., on cranberry bog, July g,
1924 (D. S, Lacroir).
279. D. cramptoni Alex. (Ent. News, vol. 87, p. 42, 1926).
Fish hatchery, uear Sunderland,Franklin Co.. Mass., altitude
200 f.eet,October 15-16, lg24 (G. C. Cramptonand,C. P. Aterunder),280. D. spinifera,sp. nov.
Abundant specimensfrom New York and New England, as
indicatedunder the type description(p.229). This specieshad
been confusedwith D. halterataO. S., but a study of the types ofthe latter showsthe presentspeciesto be very distinct.
The only authentic specimensof.halteratafrom New trnglandseemto be those I reeordedin the first supplementarylist (LakeMay, Mass., June 72-30,1925),

225
224
281. Limonia macateei (Alex.) (Can. Ent., vol. 48, p. 42,1916).
One female, Charlemont, Franklin Co., Mass., August 12,
1925. I follow Mr. Edwards,the late Dr. Bergroth, and others,in placing in Limonia those speciesof the genus Dicranomy'ia
with the long subcostalvein.
282. DicranoptychaseptemtrionisAlex. (Psyche,vol. 33, p. 56,
1926).
GreenfieldMt., Franklin Co., Mass., August 23-September6,
1925. Oneadditionalspecimenwastaken on the Holyoke Range,
southof Amherst,Mass.,October3,7926,whereit wasassociatedwith a characteristic autumnal tipulid fauna: D'iuanomyia
immodestaO. S., D'icranomyia spinifera, sp. nov., Limonia
indigena(O. S.), Rhipi.di.amaculataMeig., Discobolaargus(Say),
OrmosiudeuiataDietz, O. ni,gripila (O. S.), Claduraflauoferruginpa O. 5., Tipula unifasciata (Lw.) (the commonestspecies,
especiallythe females,which were noted ovipositingin the thickleaf mold along the trail), T. un'imaculata(Lw.), T. algonquinAlex., ?. fragili,sLw., and T. ultima Alex. All of the above frequentedthe high, relatively dry mountain ridge, with no streams
and but little water.
283. Limnophila (Ephelia) solstitialis Alex. (Bull. Brooklyn
Ent. Soc.,vol.21, p. 109,1926).
The New England recordsin JohnsonlsList have been indicated in the original description. The fly occurred in small
numbersat Orient Springs,near Amhelst, Mass., July 17, 1926,
and on the follolvingday on the slopesof Mt. Toby, Franklin Co.,
Mass.
284. Limnophila (Phylidorea)auripennisAlex. (Bull. Brooklyn
Ent. Soc.,vol.21, p. 113,1926).
A paratype was from Mt'. Kineo, Maine, August 17, 1913
(C. P. Alerander). Other New England specimensare in the
Boston Society Collection.
285. L. (P.) fratria O. S.
BarHarbor,Mount Desert,Maine,June3,1919(C. W. Johnson).
286. L. (P.) platyphallusAlex. (Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., vol.
21,p. 111,1926).

Lake May, Berkshire Co., Mass., in sphagnumbog, altitude1500 feet, July 1, lS25 (C. P. Alerander); holotype. Orono,
PenobscotCo., Maine, June 6, 1913(C. P. Alerander);paratype.
287. OrmosiamegaceraAlex. (Can.Ent., vol. 49, p.26, 1917).
CanadaBrook, Echo Lake, Mount Desert,Septemberl,1926(C. P. Alerander). The conditionsunder which this fly wastaken
are discussedin the secondpart of this paper.
288. Erioptera (Erioptera)furcifer Alex. (Bull. Brooklyn Ent.
Soc.,vol. 14.p. 108,1919).
Amherst, Mass.,July 26, lS26 (KennethSalman). Two otherAlex. andspeciesof the chlorophylla grotp (cLilorophylloi.desEngland,though
New
may
be
in
Llex.)
expected
subchlorophylla
not yet recorded.
289. Tipula concavaAlex. (Ent. News, vol. 37, p. 294, 1926).
Paratype, d, Winnipauk, Conn., June 16, 1909 (C. W. Johnson).
290. T. tennessaAlex. (Can.Ent., vol. 52, p.226, 1920).
Cohasset,Mass., October 20 (OwenBryant); Faneuil, Mass',
1904(A. P. Morse).
(58). Molophilus soror, sp. noY.
This specieswas erroneouslydeterminedby myself (Cornell
Univ., Agr. Exper. Sta., Mem. 25, p. 906, 1919) as being M.
conlatus(Doane),and wassorecordedby Mr. Johnsonin his New
Englandlist. The speciesis discussedon p. 231 of the present
paper.
Mounr Dosont, MetNo, Aucusr 26-SpprnMsnn12, 1926.
Through the great kindnessof Dr. and Mrs. H. T. Fernald,Mrs. Alexanderand I wereable to spendthree weeksat the Fernald home, near SouthwestHarbor. The collectionsof cranefliesmadeon the westernhalf of Mount Desert during this period
are very rich and representativeof the late summer and early
autumnal fauna of the island. Approximately a scoreof species
were addedto the island list.
Collections were made in favorable situations at and near
SouthwestHarbor, and on all of the mountains west of Somes
Sound. Specialattention was devotedto the arborvitaeswamps
which are so characteristicof the lowJying portionsof the island.
The extensiveswamp along CanadaBrook, the southerninlet of
Echo Lake, may be briefly discussedas being typical of numerous

226

227

similar areasthroughout the region. The dominant tree is arborvitae, with much balsam, yew, red maple, and yellow and whitebirches at slightly higher levels. Among the shrubs, alder isdominant. The hollows are densely carpeted with sphagnum,
and the stream flowing through the swamp is partly choked inplaeeswilhChrysosplenium. On the slightly elevated hummocks
occur the numerous remnants of characteristic spring flowers,
notably twinflower, goldthread, star flower, bunchberry, andsarsaparilla. The crane-flieswere swept in great numbers fromthe rank growth of yew, balsam, and herbage. Speciesin theaccompanyinglist that were taken in the above swamp are indicatedby "Swamp."
In places there are very old bogs, where a dense growth oflarch, balsam, and spruce forms the bulk of the vegetation.
There is much sphagnumin the hollows. Speciesfrom situations
such as this are indicated by the word "Bog."
Along the BeechHill Road, on the easternfoot of BeechMountain, is a broad rocky gorge that produced certain crane-flies
that were not found elsewhere. The forest cover of the gorge isalmost entirely yellow birch, with smaller balsamsand much yerv.
A small stream flows through the gorge, and most of the cr&neflies taken were swept from the vegetation.along this stream orfrom the rocky cliffs nearby. Speciesfrom this locality are indicated by the word "Gorge."
A small swale lying between Norwood Cove and the village
center of SouthwestHarbor yielded a few speciesthat were foundnowhereelse. A small sluggishstream flows through the swampy
area, with a few alders and densegrowths of.Impatiens biflora.
Polygonumsag'ittatum,Scirpussp.,Carexsp., etc. Speciesfrom
this situation are indicated by the word "Swale."D. stultaO.S. Alongasmall streamnearFernaldCove,August
26 (M. M. Alemnder); Gorge, September12. Two specimens
only, very much darker in color than the summer specimens,
the mesonotal praescutum being almost uniformly shiny black.
At first I thought these representedan undescribedspecies,butfrom the hypopygial charactersthey must be referred to stulta.
D. profund,a Alex. A fully colored individual at Echo Lake,
August 29; teneral specimensat Long Pond, September8. The
uncolored speeimensare light green, with the femoral tips only
slightly darkened. The speciesis characteristic of higher anddrier situations than are someof the allied forms.
D. spinifera, sp. nov. Not uncommon in the swamps andalong wet places, August 3l-September 8; Gorge, September
70-12.
Lim,oniaglobithorax(O. S. ). Swamp,September1.
L. parietina (O. S.). Gorge,September10.
L. immatura (O. S.). One d, flew from a cranny of the cliffs
in the gorge, September12. It is very small, but I cannot findany other tangible differencesbetweenit and,immatura,. It is very
possible,moreover, that immaturo is not specificallydistinct fromcinct'ipes(Say).
L. solitaria (O. S.). Swamp,September1.
L triocellata(O. S.). Swamp,Septemberl.
L. tristigma(O. S.). Swamp,September1-10, common.
L. indigena(O. S.). Along trails, September1.
Ula TiauperaO. S. Evergreenwoods, September11.
Pseud.olimnophilacontempta (O. S.). Swamp, August 29.
(Alex.). Common in swamps, September
P, noaeboracensis
L4.
Limnophila breuifurcaO. S. Swamp, 1 I only, September4.
L. Ierrta O. S. Swamp, August 26-September 11; Gorge,
September10-12.
L. (Ephelia) solstitialis Alex. Swamp, September1.
L. (Dicranophragma)fuscouaria O. S. Swamp, August 2$September1; very small but apparently conspecific.
L. (Prionolabis)munda O. S. Gorge, September10-12.
.Llex. Swamp,September1-10; Swale,
A d,elphomyia amerie'o,naSeptember11; Gorge,September12.
A. cayuga Llex. Swale,August 30-September11.
Pedicia albiuitta Walk. Trail, August 30; Swamp, September
1.

Rhipidia (Rhipidia) maculata Meig. Generally distributed
along the trails, in swampsand bogs,and on the slopesof Western
Mountain to 970 feet, August 26-September8.
Discobolaargus (Say). Very common and widely distributed
throughout the coniferousbelt, ascendingto the woodedsummitof WesternMountain, August 26-September12.
Geranomyia(Geranomyia)canadensis(W'estw.). One, shoresof Echo Lake, September4.
Dicranomyia immodestaO. S. Common in the swampsand in
wet placesalong the trails, September1-8.

229

228
Tricyphonainconstarw(O. S.). Swamp,August 29-September
10.
T. autumnalis Alex. Swamps, Yery common, August 2$September10.
Amalopina flaueola (O' S'). Very common in the swamps
and bogs,August 26-SePtember10.
Rhaphidolabis(Rhaphidolabis)tenuipesO. S. Swamp, August26-September10.
n. (R.) rubescens.!rlex. Swamps, September 8-10; Gorge,
September10-12.
11.
R. (R) cayugaLlex. Swale,August 3O-September
speciesThe
commonest
Alex.
(Neocladura)
delicatulaClad.ura
10-12.
gorge,
SePtembertheinGonomyia(GonomEia)bidentata Alex. One of the commonest
and most characteristic speciesin the swamps, August 2S-September 10; Bogs; Gorge,September10-12.
Ertoptera (Empeda) stigmatica (O. S'). Swamp, August 29'
Molophitus pubipennis (O. S.). Swamps, August 26-September 10; Swale,September11. Someof the malesare unusuallydark in color.
M. soror,sp. nov. The occurrenceof this speciesis discussed
under the specificdiagnosis(p. 231); Swale,September11'
nubila (O. S.). Lake shores,September4; on Western
Ormosia,
Mountain to 600 feet, SePtember8.
O.luteola Dietz. Swamps,September1-4; Bogs, August 28September8.
O. pygmaea(Alex.)' Bogs, September4-10; Swamp,September 1.
O. d,euiataDietz. Swamp, September 1; Bogs, September 4;
Swale,September11.
O. rubeita(O. S.). Swamp,August 29-September101margins
of bogs and along trails, September4-10'
O.itmbipennis Alex. The commonestOrmosioon the islandat this seasorl, occurring in swamps, bogs, and along trails,
August 25-september 12; found in small dancing swarmsbeneaththe evergreens;ascendsWestern Mountain to 600 feet'
O. moiticota (O. S.)' Swampsand bogs, August 26-September 10.
O. megaceraAJex. Swamp,one d, Septemberl'&opeza sp. One 9 not specifically determined; trail, August
31.

(Doane). One d, in bog,September
Nephrotomabreaioricornis
o.

{

ll'

Tiputa um,brosuLw. Common in the swa,mpsand along wet
placesnear trails, August 28-September10'
T. mainensisAlex. On higher land, along trails and on lower
slopesof mountains, August 28-September10.
T. JragilisLw. One small d of what appearsto be this species;
Western Mountain, on wet cliffs, 850 feet, September8.
T. hermanniu Alex. Along trails, August 27-September 8;
among the boulders in Valley Cove at low tide, September3; inspider'sweb, Swamp,Septemberl.
T. triaittata Say. Femalesonly, Gorge, September12.
T. ultima Alex. In numbers along the trails, the first of theseasonon September8, very common on the 12th'
T. (Cinctotipula)algonquinAlex. Common and very characteristic of the lower slopesof the mountains, flying about among theJuniperus; Flying Mountain, August, 271 W'esternMountain up
to 700 feet, September8.
Besides the Tipulidae mentioned, Bittacomorpha clauipes(Fabr.) and Ptgchopterarufocincta O. S' (Ptychopteridae) occurred in the swamps,September1-4.
Dnscnrprrors or Npw SPncrPs.
DicranomYia sPinifera, sP' nov'

I

Allied to D. halterataO.S.; head gray; mesonotal praescutumbrownishyellow
with three confluent dark brown stripes, the surface sparsely pruinose; pleurapruinose, the sternopleurite da,rkened; h.alteres and abdomen elongate; wings
with Scr longer than m-cu; caudal m&rgrn of the ninth tergite of the male
hlpopygium with a deep V-shaped notch; a single spine on rostnrm of ventral
dististyle; anal tube with a conspicuous group of seven or eight spinous setae.
Mole.-l'engih 7.5-8 mm.;wing 7.&8 mm.
Funale.-Inng!,h 8.5 mm.; wing 8.5 mm.
Rostrum and palpi brownish black, the former pruinose. Antennae black
throughoutl flagellar segments oval, the verticils slightly longer than the segments. IIead light gray.
Pronotum dark brown, gray pruinose. Mesonotal praescutum brownish
yellow with three confluent, dgrker brown stripes, the scutal lobes similarlycolored; median area of scutum and the scutellum palerl postnotun pruinose.
Pleura pale, sparsely pruinose, the postnotal pleurotergite and the anteriorsternopleurite dark brown, pruinose. I{alteres elongate, pale, the knobs dsrk
brown. Legs with the coxae yellow, very sparsely pruinose; trochanters pale;femora browdsh yellow, darkening outwardly;tibiae and tarsi gradually passing into dark brown. Wings with a pale brown tinge, the stigma a trifle darker;,Sc1ending opposite the origin of Bs, Saveins dark brown. Vqration:

230

23L

removed from the tip of ,Scr,the latter longer t'han m-cu; Es in alignment with
Ez+a, about one-half longer than the basal deflection of fir+r; cell lst Mz
relatively sm ll; nx-cu variable in position, usua[y before the fork of M'
Abdominal tergites dark brown, the sternites more yeUowish, especially thebasal segments; hypopygium reddish brown. Male hypopygium with thecaudal margin of the ninth tergite with a deep V-shaped notch, the lateral lobes
conical, darkened, setiferous. Basistyle with the ventro-mesal Iobe large, appressed to the mesal face. Ventral dististyle relatively small, the rostrum
stout, bearing a single spine. Dorsal dististyle slender, strongly curved' thetip acute. Mesal lobe of each gonapophysis slender, gently curved, the tip
blackened. Anal tube with a conspicuous group of about seven or eightstrong spinous setae.
Range.-Northeastern North America.
Holotgpe, male, Whately GIen, Franklin Co., Mass., altitude 250 feet, October 4, 1925 (Alemnder), Allotype, female, Mt. Toby' Mass. September 15, 1925 (Alenan'd,er). Paratopotypes, numerous alcoholic specimens(Crampton);paratypas,Orient Springs, Elampshire Co., Mass., altitude 375 feet'
September 18, 1925;Holyoke Range, Ifampshire Co., Mass', altitude 700 feet,
October 3, 1926; Halifax Gorge, Vermont, September 6, L925; Mount Desert,
Maine, August 3l-September 8, 1926; Gloversville, New York, altitude 900
feet, August 3l-September 7, 7925 (Alerander).

veins dark brown, C, Sc, and E yellowish; macrotrichiae of veins dark brown'
Venation :,Sc1ending just beyond r,' scr far from the tip of scr and only a shortdistance beyond the origin of fis,'inner end of cell Ea lying proximad of cells
Rr and Rri ven ?nit A relatively long, the outer third gently sinuous, deflected
toward vein /sf.A so that cell Ist,4 is narrowed shortly before its outer end.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, with a relatively sparse vestiture of yellow
setael sternites more grayish brown, the extreme caudal margins of the individual segments narowly pale. Ovipositor with the valves horn-colored, thetergal valves gently upcurved.
Range,-Maire.
Holotgpe, female, Southwest Ilarbor, Mount Desert, September 11' 1926
(Aleaander). Paralopotypes,S0femalesl paratApes,4 females,Houlton, Aroostook Co., August 24, l9l3 (Alemnder).

. Dicranomyia spinifera has been confused in collections with
D. halterata,O. S., and it is probable that all late summer andautumnal records for the latter in northeastern North America
really pertain to the present species. The fly is very common inshadedplaces and may be swept in numbers from the ferns andother rank herbagelate in the season.
Molophilus soror, sp. nov.
General coloration brownish gray; wings whitish, the costal margin conspicuously yellowishl a brown seam along vein Czr and a cloud orl m4u and thebasal section of.Ma+q,.
Female,-I*ngth tl-5 mm.; wing 5-6 mm.
Rostrum dark gray, the palpi black. Antennae short, brownish black, thefirst segment pruinose; basal flagellar segments subcylindrical, passing into
elongate oval, the outer segments smaller. IIead yellowish gray.
Pronotum dark. Lateral pretergites narrowly whitish. Mesonotal praescutum brownish gray, paler laterally; humeral triangles usually a little brightened;interspaces between the three usual stripes appearing as n&rrow derker brownvittae; pseudosutural foveae elongate, transverse, blackl scutum grayish brown,
the centers of the lobes somewhat darkerl scutellum obscure fulvous; postnotum
grayish brown. Pleura dark gray. Ilalteres pale. Legs with the coxae dark,
pruinose, especially the fore coxae, the posterior coxae more reddish brownl
trochanters reddish brown; femora brownish yellow, the tips narrowly darker
brownl tibiae pale brown, the tips narrowly infuscated; tarsi dark brown.
Wings whitish, the costal margin and wing-base strongly yellowish; a brown
seam along vein Cnr; a brown cloud on m-cu and the basal section oL M*r

This very interesting specieswas taken in large numbers in a,small swale (describedon p.226) near SouthwestHarbor. I at
once recognizedthe fly as being identical with a speciesI had
taken in northern Maine in 1913 and which had earlier (Cornell
Univ., Agr. Exper. Sta., Mem. 25, p. 781,906-907,967, 1919)
been tentatively identified as being Molophilus conxatus(Doane).
In 1913only a few specimenswere securedand theseall proved
to be females. With this knowledgeavailable, a specialand very
detailed effort was made to locate the male sex' but despitethese
efforts all of the more than one hundred specimensseenproYed
oncemore to be females. The very great abundanceof the species
orrer a restricted area renders it improbable that the males had
appearedearlier and that their flight period was over' Working
on the possibility that there might be here a caseof subapterism
in the male sex, I made a critical searchon the moist earth of theswalebut without results. The condition of fully winged females
and subapterousmales is very rare in the Diptera, as, indeed,throughout the insect world. There remains the possibility thatthe speciesis parthenogenetic'but such a condition could not be
proven without breeding the species.
All records for Motophilus comutus(Doane) from New Englandshould be deleted and the present speciesadded in its place.
The fly is readily told from all other eastern speciesof the genus
by the spotted wings.
The holotypes of the two new speciesdescribedat this time arein my collection,and paratypesare in the collection of the Boston
Society of Natural History.
A gricultural College,
M assachusetts
Amherst,Mass.