0~ new or little-known Tipuli~l~e.

505

L V i I I . - - N e w or little-known Tipuli&e (Diptera).--X. Australasian Species.
By CHAltLES P. ALEXAND~B, Ph.D.,
F.E.S., Urban% Illiuois, U.S.A.

Tn~ present instalment, like the last, considers o,ly species
from New Zealand, supplementary to those included inl~,Ir. Edwards's monographic treatment of the crane-flies ot~
tlds Domiui(m. Tile material discussed herein was received
from Dr. Campbell, Mr. Gourlay, Mr. Harris, Mr. Howes,
Mr. Lyndsay, Mr. Philpott, Dr. Tillyard, and Mr. Watt~ toall of whom I would express my sincere appreciation andthanks. The holotypes of the species described herein arc
preserved in the writer's collection, except where noted
otherwise.
Dieranomyia tarsalba, sp. n.

Basal segment of the antenna yellow ; mesono!um greyish
brown, dark brownish black sublaterally, tile lateral marginsof the pr~escutum conspicuously yellow ; p l c u r a yellow witha broad, dark brown, longitudinal stripe ; terminal segmentsof tarsi snowy white; wings dusky, stigma dark brown;
anal angle of wing ~lmost lacking.
Male.--Lcngth 3"6-3"8 mm. ; wing 5"2-5"4 mm.
Rostrum and palpi brownish black. Ante,n~e with thefirst segment of tile scape conspicuously light yellow, tile
remainder brownish black. Anterior part 0f vertex obscure~ellow, the remainder of the head dark grey pruinose.
Pronotum dark, the scutellum yellow. Mesonotal pr~escutum greyish brown, passing into dark brownish black
sublaterally, the lateral margins broadly yellowish white ;scutum and scutelium greyish brown, brownish black
laterally; postnotum dark brown, sparsely pruinose.
Pleura yellow with a very conspicuous, black, longitudinal
stripe extending fronl the propleura to the abdomen.
lfalteres elongate, dark brown. Legs with the cox~e andtrochanters obscure yellow; femora pale brown, the tips
dark brown; tibiae black; metatarsi black basally, thisincluding about two-thirds of the fore metatarsi, a little
more than one-half of the posterior metatarsi; remainder of
the tarsi snowy white. Wings with a dusky suffusion, more
accelltuated ia the prearcular cells, cells C and Sc, the outerends of cells 2nd t¢1 and R~ and the base of cell Cu ; stigma
conspicuous, oval, dark brown; anal angle of the ~ing
conspicuously whitened ; a less distinct whitish area before
A nn. & )Jag. 2V. tli~.t. Set. 9. Vol. ix.
33

506

Dr. C. P. Alexander onand beyond tile stigma; veins black. Anal angle of thewing almost lacking.
Venation : Scl ending a shortdistance beyond the origin of Rs, Sc~ a corresponding
distance before this origin, Sct alone about equal to r-m;
r a little shorter than the distal section of Ra ; Rs feebly
angulated at origin, about one-half longer than the deflectionof R~+5; cell 1st M~ open by the atrophy of m; basal
deflection of Ca1 immediately beyond the fork of M.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, the basal sternites paler
brown ; hypopygium dark.
H~b. New Zealand (North Island).
Hololype, ~ , Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, November ]0,
1921 (T. R. Harris).
Paratopotypes, 2 c~ c~.
It is possible that the present species is more properlyreferable to the subgenus Thrypticomyia, Skuse.

Dicranomyia atrovittata, sp. n.
Head dark grey; antennm black, the second scapal
segment conspicuously pale brown; mesonotal prmscutumwith three brownish-black stripes, the lateral stripes
extending to the lateral margins of the sclerite ; pleura darkbrown ; femora with a pale brown subterminal ring ; wings
pale yellow, the stigma nearly black ; cord, outer end ofcell 1st M2, and vein Cu seamed with brown; wing-tip
broadly infuscated; abdomen yellow, the lateral margins
conspicuously and abruptly dark brown.
Female.--Lcngth 9 mm. ; wing 8"5 mm.
Described from aa alcoholic specimen.
Rostrum moderately elongate, but much shorter thanin D. huttoni, Edwards, dark brown, including the paipi.
Antennm black, the second scapal segment conspicuously
paler, light brown ; second scapal segment subpyriform ;flagellar segments oval with short necks. Head dark grey,
the anterior part of the vertex lighter grey.
Pronotum dark. Mesonotal prmscutum obscure reddish
yellow with tt~ree brownish-black stripes ; median stripe notattaining the suture ; lateral stripes crossing the suture andsuffusing the cephalic half of the scutal lobes, these stripes
very broad, on the pr~escutum extended laterad to themargin of the sclerite; median area of scutum reddish
yellow, faintly and indistinctly darkened; scutellum conspicuously yellow; postnotum dark brown on caudal half.
Pleura dark brown, the caudal margin of the propleuranew or llttle-known Tipulidse.

507

obscure yellow; posterior pleurites obscure yellow; mesosternum dark brown. Halteres pale, the knobs brown.
Legs with the coxm yellow, the cephalic face infuscated,darkest oa the for~ cox~e; trochanters yellow; femora
obscure yellow, with a narrow, indistinct, brown, subtermiual ring ; remainder of the legs pale brown, the terminal
tarsal segments blackened; claws conspicuously toothed.
Wings pale yellow, cells Cand Sc a little brighter; stig,~avery conspicuous, almost black; narrow, dark brown seams
at tip of Sc, origin of Rs~ along the cord, outer end of cell
1st M2 and along vein Cu; wing-tip very broadly and conspicuously darkened, the colour continued basad almost to
the level of the outer end of cell 1st M~; veins brown,darker in the infuscated areas. Venation: Scl ending ashort distance beyond the origin of Rs, Sc~ about twice its
length from the tip of SCl; Rs gently arcuated at origin;cell 1st M~ unusually elongate, rectangular ; basal deflectionof Cu~ near one-fourth the length of cell 1st M2.
Abdominal tergites yellow, segments 1 and 8 brighter
yellow ; base of segment 2 and the broad lateral margins
of tergites 2 to 7 conspicuously dark brown ; tergites eachwith four brown dots arranged in the form of a broad V,
more evident on tergites 2 to 6 ~ sternites obscureyellow, the second segment infuscated; sternites 2 to 7
with a pair of brown dots near mid-length.
Ovipositor
with the valves elongate, horn-coloured, blackened at base.
Hab. New Zealand (South Island).
Holotype, ?, Governor's Bay, Banks Peninsula, Canterbury, October 5, 1921 (J. W. Campbell).

Dicranomyia reversalis, sp. n.
General coloration yellow, the pr~escutum with three confluent dark brown stripes ; pleura dark brown with a large
yellow area on the mesopleura; wings greyish subhyaline,
stigma dark brownish black; narrow brown seams along
the cord; abdominal segments bicolorous, the base of eachbrown, the apex broadly yellow.
Male.--Length about 5 mm. ; wing 6"5 mm.
JFemale.--Length about 5"5 ram. ; wing 6"6 ram.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black, the flagellar
segments of the male elongate-oval. Head grey.
Pronotum yellow.
Mesonotal prmscutum obscureyellowish pollinose, with three confluent, dark brown
stripes; scutal lobes dark brown, the median area yellow l
33 ~

508

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

scutellum testaceous; postnoturn brown.
Pleura darkbrown, including the ventral half of the lateral sclerite of
the postnotum ; a large and conspicuous obscure yellow blotch
on the mesepisternum and mesosternum, ventrad o~ the wingroot.
Haltcrcs brownish testaceous, the extreme baseyellowish. Legs with the coxre and trochanters obscuregreenish yellow; femora dark brown, more yellowish basally ;remainder of tile legs dark brown ; claws with a long, slender,subbasal tooth. Wings greyish subbyaline, the stigma
conspicuous, dark brownish black ; paler brown seams at Sc~,
origin of Rs, along the cord and outer end of cell 1st M: ;veins dark brown, paler in the i,lfuscated areas, the veins here
appearing somewhat bullate. Venation : Scl ending opposite
tile origin of Rs, Sc~ some distance t¥om the tip of SCl, tile
latter alone about one-third longer than the basal deflectionof Cut ; Rs about one-half longer than the basal deflectionof R4+5; cell 1st M2 small; basal deflection of Cul before
the fork of M, the distance about equal to r-re.
Abdomen bicolorous, the basal half of the tergites brown,
the apical hal~ yellow, the brown narrower on the basal
segments, becoming more extensive posteriorly, on theseventh and eighth segments only the narrow caudal margins
are bright yellow ; sternites similar, but the brown bases arecorrespondingly narrower.
Ventral appendages of the
hypopygium tinged with green, the rostriform appendage
with two spines.
:Female similar to the male. Tips of tim femora indistinctly yellowish. Basal deflection of Cul at the fork of M.
Ovipositor with the valves long and slender.
Hab. New Zealand (~orth Island).
Holotype, c~, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, October 10,
1921 (7: R. Harris).
Allotype, ?, Taihape, October 12, 1921 (T. R. HaT~ris).
Dicranomyia reversalis is related t o / ) . vicarians, Schiner,
but is readily told by the reversal of coloration of theabdominal segments.

Dicranomyia hemimelas, sp. n.
General coloration yellow; mesonotal prrescutum shiny
black with broad lateral margins of the ground-colour ;anterior part of vertex silvery; wings fulvous brown, thestigma slightly darker brown ; abdominal sternites obscureyellow.
Male.--Length 5"8 ram. ; wing 8 ram.
_~'emale.--Length about 6"5 ram, ; wing 8 ram.

new or little-known Tipulid~e.

509

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennm black, the flagellar
segments oval. Head dull grey ; a conspicuous area oil thevertex behind the antennm covered with abundant, silverwhite, appressed pubescence.
Pronotum black. Mcsonotal pr~escutum yellow withthree confluent black stripes, the lateral margins of thesclerite broadly yellow ; seutal lobes black, the median area
obscure yellow; seutellum pale brown, sparsely greyliruinose, more yellowish beneath ; postnotum dark, sparsely
pruinosc.
Pleura obscure yellow, the mesopleura very
faintly pruinose. Halteres brown, the base of the stem
narrowly yellow, the knobs dark brown. Legs with thecoxm and trochanters yellow; remainder of the legs darkhrown, the fcumral bases obscure yellow. Wings with auniform fulvous-brown tinge, the stigma slightly darker
brown ; veins dark brown. Venation : Scl ending opposite
or just beyond the origin of Rs, Sc2 retreated toward thewing-base, Sct slightly variable in length, in the holotype
being longer than the basal deflection of Ra+~, in others alittle shorter ; basal deflection of CUl at or just before theibrk of M.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, the sternites obscureyellow; hypopygium dark. Male hypopygium with therostriform appendage bearing two stout, subequal, slightly
separated spines. Ovipositor with the valves elongate.
Hub. New Zealand (South Island).
Holotype, c~, Dun Mt., Nelson, altitude 3000 feet,
January 6, 1921 (A. Philpott).
Allotopotype, ? , February 9, 1921 (R. J. Tillyard).
Paratopotype, ?.
Type in the collection of the Cawthron Institute.

])icranomyia multispina, sp. n.
General coloration shiny brownish yellow; antennae
black; head brown; wings tinged with brown, the stigmaoval, darker brown ; Sc ending opposite or just beyond theorigin of Rs; abdominal tergites brown or indistinctly
bicolorous ; rostriform appendage of male hypopygium witha fascicle of about nine spines.
Male.--Length 6 mm. ; wing 7 ram.
l~emale.--Length 8 mm.; wing 8 ram.
Rostrum brown, the palpi dark brown. Antennae black.
Head brown.
Pronotum dark medially. Mesonotal prmscutum shiny
obscure yellow or brownish yellow, the median darker stripe

510

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

indicated only posteriorly; seutal lobes and postnotum
slightly darker.
Pleura obscure brownish testaeeous.
Halteres brown, the base of tim stem paler. Legs with thecoxm pale yellowish brown ; trochanters testaceous ; femora
and tibiae pale brown, the tarsi darker. Wings with astrong brown tinge, the stigma oval, darker brown; veinsdark brown. Venation : Sc~ ending opposite or just beyond
the origin of Rs, Sc~ some distance from the tip of Sc,, thelatter alone variable, from one-half to nearly as long as
the basal deflection of Ca1; cell 1st M2 closed, the based
deflection of Cul at the fork of M.
Abdomen pale brown, the sternites a little more yellowish.
Usually both sternites and tergites appear faintly bicolorous,
the bases being paler than the dark brown caudal marginsof the segments. Male hypopygium with the rostriform
appendage bearing, instead of the usual two spines, a fascicleof about nine such spines~ the apex of the appendage
beyond these spines long and slender.
Hab. New Zealand (both Islands).
Holotype, (~, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, October t r1921 (T. R. Harris).
Allolype, ?, Governor's Bay, Banks Peninsul% Canterbury, October 5, 1921 (J. W. Campbell) ; alcoholic.
Paratopot~ipe, 1 ~ ; paratype.¢, 15 c~ 9, ~ith the allotyp%alcoholic; 1 d', Dunedin (Waitati), Otago, October 24,
192 l (M. N. Watt).

Molo2hilus luteipygus, sp. n.
General coloration pale reddish brown; front vellow,
vertex and occipnt brownish grey ; seutellum obscure yellow ;postnotum and pleura dark brown ; halteres yellow; wings
with a strong yellow tinge ; vein 2nd A elongate ; abdomeu
dark brow~, the hypopygium obscure yellow.
Male.--Length 2"8 ram. ; wing 3"8 mm.
Female.--Length 3 mm. ; wing 4-4"1 ram.
Rostrum pale brown, the palpi darker brown. Front
yellow. Antennm dark brown, short, the flagellar segments
oval with conspicuous verticils. Vertex and occiput darkbrownish grey.
Pronotal scutellum almost white. Mesonotal prmscutum
reddish brown without distinct markings, more greyish
laterally; scutum with the median area broadly obscureyellow, the lobes dark brown; seutellum obscure brownish
yellow, darker basally; postnotum dark brown. Pleura
dark brown. Halteres yellow, the knobs very conspicuous,

new or little-known Tipulldm.

511

light yellow. Legs with the coxm and trochanters obscureyellowish testaceous; remainder of the legs very palehrownish yellow, only the terminal tarsal segments conspicuously infuseated. Wings with a strong yellowish tinge;
veins pale brown, Sc, R, R~+~, and Ca more yellowish.
Venation : basal deflection of Cal one-hall longer than thedeflection of M3+4 and conspicuously arcuated ; vein 2nd A
elongate, ending opposite mid-length of the basal deflectionof Cut.
Abdomen dark brown, the hypopygium obscure lightyellow. Male hypopygium with the basal pleural appendage
a long straight rod, enlarged at base, the apex somewhat
pointed, the apical quarter of the appendage sparsely provided with weak spines. Apical appendage a similar straightarm, the apex bifid by a deep U-shaped notch, the mesal arm
a conspicuous, nearly straight, black spine, the lateral arm
stouter, at its tip bent at an angle into a conspicuous spine
directe4 mesad to almost touch the mesal arm; apex ofl)lcurite on mesal side produced into a slender ehitinizedspine.
I-lab. New Zealand (South Island).
Holotype, ~ , Dunedin, Otago, November 5, 1921 (G.
tlowes).
Allotopotype, ?.
Paratopotypes, 4 ¢~ c~, November 26-December 14, 1921 ;paratyl)es , 2 c~ ~', 1 9, Waipori, December 5, 1921 (G.
tIowes); 2 ~ ~ , Mt. Fitsgerald, Banks Peninsula, Canterbury, January 24, 1922 (E. S. Gourlay) ; R. R.

Molophilus terminans, sp. n.
General coloration dark brown, the humeral region of theprmscutum obscure yellow ; antennm short ; halteres yellow ;male hypopygium with tile two pleural appendages terminalin position.
Male.--Length about 3 mm. ; wing 4"8 mm.
Female.--Length about 4 ram. ; wing 5 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennm short, darkbrown. Head greyish brown with conspicuous yellow set~e.
Mesonotum dark brown, the humeral triangle obscureyellow; lateral margins of pr~escutum narrowly yellow;
remainder of the mesonotum paler brown. Pleura brown.
Halteres conspicuously light yellow, the knobs very bright.
Legs with tim coxm and trochanters pale brownish
testaceous ; femora pale brown ; tibim and tarsi dark brown.
Wings with a faint yellowish-brown tinge ; veins pale brown,

512

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

the maerotrichim dark browu. Venation : vein 2nd A long,simlous, ending opposite the fork of Cu.
Abdomen dark brown. Male hypopygium with the pleuralappendages terminal in position, cot~sisting of au outerflattened blade that terminates in an acute beak, the surface
with a short dense pubescence; inner appendage longer thanthe outer, very slender, feebly sinuous, the tip slightlyen]arged and with a few weak dentieles; mesal face of
pleurite grooved to receive the pleural appendages, t)enis guard very long and slender, straight.
Hab. :New Zealand (North Island).
Holotype, c~, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, November 13,
1921 (T. R. Ha~'ris).
Allotopotype, ~, November 6, 192].
Paratopotvpes , 1 ~, 2 ? ? , November 15, 1921.
NOTHOPHILA, gen. nov.
Antennae with sixteen segments ; flagellar segments elongate-oval with short verticils that are shorter than the segments that bear them. Halteres elongate. Wings with Sc
usually long, ending beyond tile end of Rs (,tebu/osa, Edwards)
to opposite the fork ot' R~+~ (/uscana, Edwar(ls) ; Sc2 at the
tip of Scl and subequal to it ; r close to the tip of R 1 alJd
on R~ beyond mid-length ; R2+~ as long as, or longer than,the basal deflection of Cut; cell M1 present; anterior
arculus atrophied. Abundant macrotrichi~e iu all the cells
distad of the cord, as well as in the centres of cells C,
1st R1, and R, and the distal ends of cells M, Cbz,and 1st A.
Valves of the ovipositor moderately elongate, the slendertergal valves ge~tly upcuvved.
Genotype :~Ulomorpha fuscana, Edwards (New Zealand).
The two New Zealand species that Edwards has referredto Ulomorpha are not congeneric with the five Nearctie
species of the genus. Ulomorpha has veiJl Sc shorter, Sclending before the fork of Rs; r far removed from the tip ofRt, on R~ before mid-length ; cell R~ sessile or very shortpetiolate; cell M 1 present or (usually) absent; areulus
complete. Verticils of the flagellum elongate as in Pi/aria.
The relation of Nothophila to other generalized Hexatomine~enera in New Zealand is apparently analogous to that of
Ulomorl)ha to Pilaria, Sintenis.
LIMNOFHILA~Macquart.
5I ETALIMNOPIIILA~ subgel], nov.

Characters as in Limnophila, s.s.

Antennm elongate.

new or llttle-lc~ww~zTiputidae.

513

M:dc hypopygium very complicated ill structure, the mesaIand ~tl)ie:~l [aces of tt~e pleurites produced it~to lobes ; eighttt
stel'nite bearing two apical rows of spines. Ovipositor withthe tergal valves very short, strongly upcurved, with a basal
spur or tooth on the dorsal side.
Type of the subgenus :~Limnophila howesi, sp. n. (New
Zealand).
The group also includes Limnophila mirifca, Alexander(North Island), L. nigroapicata, sp. n., and L. prodacta, sp. n.
The very peculiar structure o[ the ovipositor probably indicates a specialized method of egg-laying.

Limnophila ( Metalimnophila) howesi, sp. n.
General coloration g r e y ; antennae o~ male elongate;mesonotal przescutum obscure yellow with three brown
stripes; pleura with a dark brownish-black dorsal stripe;wings tinged with brown; stigma conspicuou~,'dark brown ;male hypopygium with the apex of cacti pleurite produced
i~to a short broad lobe; outer pleural appendage clavate,terminating in a blackened hook-like spine; gonapophyscs
sinuous. Eighth sternite widi two conspicuous rows o[five spines each.
Male.--Length 6 ram. ; wing 8 ram.
Female.--Length 7"5-8 ram. ; wing 8"3-9'2 ram.
Rostrum and pulp[ dark brown. Antennae elongate, if
bent backward extending to mid-lengtt~ of the abdomen ;flagellum black, the scapal segments a little paler ; flagellar
segments elongate-cylindrical. Head dark grey.
Mesonotal prmscutum obscure yellow with three ill-definedbrown stripes that are confluent behind; scutum darkbrown ; scutellum and postnotum light grey. Pleura greywith a conspicuous brownish-black longitudinal stripe
extending from the cervical sclerites across the dorsal
pleurites, passing dorsad of the halteres ; dorsal margin of
this stripe ill-defined. Halteres pale yellow. Legs with thecoxae and trochanters light yellow, the fore coxae a little
darker; legs brown, the femoral tips narrowly darkened.
Wings with a strong brown tinge: highly iridescent, thestigma well-deftned, oval, darker brown ; veins conspicuous,clark brown. Venation: Sc long, SCl ending opposite thedeflection of R,+~, Sc: a little longer than Scl; Rs long,arcuated or feebly ungulate at origin ; r-m proximad of thedeflection of R4+5 ; R2+s in alignment with Rs, a little longer
than the deflection of R4. ~ ; Re not conspicuously augulated
at origin ; r near mid-distance between the fork of R~+3 and514

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

the tip of R1; veins R~ and R3 generally parallel, so cell
2ud R1 is very wide at margin; petiole of cell M1 only alittle longer than the cell ; basal deflection of Ca1 near
mid-length of cell 1st M~.
Abdomen dark brown, the hypopygium only a little paler.
Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite not produced into
lobes, the margin with a very broad notch; pleurites atapex on mesal face produced into a short subquadrate lobe
that is truncated apically ; on mesal face near mid-length
the pleurites are produced into a smaller lobe that is truncated at apex. Outer pleural appendage clavate, the apex
a squat, black, hook-like spine with a smaller subterminal
spine; inner pleural appendage very small, pale, broadest
basaliy. Eighth sternite with two convergent rows of fivespines each. Gonapophyses sinuous, together appearing]yviform.
/lab. New Zealand (South Island).
Holotype, c~, Dunedin, Otago, November 5, 1921

( G. Howes).
Allotopotype, ?, November 26, 1921.
Paratopotypes, 2 ~ ~ , with the allotype ; paratypes, 1 ~,1 ? , Mr. Grey, Canterbury, altitude 1200-1500 feet, iu
beech forest, November 277 1921 (Campbell and Lyndsay).
This species is named in honour of the collector, Mr. W.
George Howes, to whom I am greatly indebted for many
Tipulidm from Otago.

Limnophila ( Metalimnophila) producta, sp. n.
Male.--Length 5'5 mm. ; wing 7 ram.
Femate.--Length 6"3 ram. ; wing 7"5 mm.
Generally similar to L. howesi, sp. n , differing asfollows : Size sm~ller. Basal flagellar segments indistinctly paleat ends. Median preescutal stripe distinctly divided by apale median line. Pleural black line very distinct, rather
narrow, both the dorsal and ventral margins very clear-cut.
Legs with tile femoral apices narrowly blackened. Wings
not so strongly tinged with brown, the stigma pale brown
but well-defined. Venation: Rs shorter than L. howe.¢i:petiole of ceil M: variable in length, from one2fonrth to a
httle more thau one-half longer than the cell.
Caudal margin of the ninth tergite of the male hypopygium with two elongate, slender, slightly divergent lobes,
separated by a deep U-shaped median notch. P]curites atbase on mesat face produced into a large tumid lobe, thesenew o~" littl~-know~ Tipulid~e.

515

lobes contiguous on the median line ; apex of each pleurite
produced into a long slender arm directed mesad amlslightly caudad, longer than the pleurite itself, the apex
slightly enlarged; two pleural appendages, the outermost
bifid, bearing a conspicuous lobule before the apex; inner
appendage a flattened, irregular, pale blade. Gonapophyses
appearing as long, slender, straight, divergent rods. Eighthsteruite with two narrow convergent rows of black spines,
there being about a dozen small spines in each row. Ovipositor with the tergal wdves very short and strongly
upcurved, the ventral margin at base microscopically
serrulate.
ttab. New Zealand (South Island).
Holotype, c~, Dunedin, Otago, November 5, 1921

( ~. Howes).

Atlol,potype, ~.
Paratopolypes, 2 ~ ~, with the type; 6 ~ ,November 26, 1921.

1 ?,

Limnophila (Melalimnophila) nigroapicata, sp. n.
Antennm elongate; general coloration grey; mesonotal
pr~escutum with three brown stripes ; pleura with a darkbrown longitudinal stripe ; halteres elongate, light yellow;
femora and tibim yellow, conspicuously tilJped with black ;wings yellowish subhya]iue, veins pale; stigma very faintly
indicated ; Rs comparatively short ; abdomen dark brown ;tergal valves of ovipositor very sl,ort and strongly upcurved.
Female.--Length 7'2 ram. ; wing 7"8 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennm elongate for thefemale sex, dark brown; flagellar s%ments elongate; theantennae of the male are undoubtedly elol~gatc. Head yellowish grey.
Mesonotal praescutum yellowish gr~:y with three conspicuous brown stripes, the median stripe feebly bisectedby a paler line; cephalic margin of praeseutum narrowly
dark brown; tuberculate pits lacking; scutum light grey,
the lobes darker grey ; scutellum almost white ; posttlotum
grey. Pleura grey ; a conspicuous dark brown longitudinal
stripe extending from the cervical sclerites, dorsad of thefore coxa, to the postnotum.
Halteres elongate, lightyellow. Legs with the coxm yellow, the fore coxae in fuscated; trochanters obscure yellow; femora obscure )cllow,
the tips narrowly blackened ; tibiae and metatarsi yellowish
testaceous, the tips more narrowly blackened; remaindero[ the tarsi brownish black. Wings yellowish subhvaline;

51fl

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

stigma very faintly indicated ; veins pale brown. Venation :Scl longer than 8% ending immediately before the endof Rs ; Rs rather short, gently areuated at origin, in alignment with R~+a; R~ subperpendieular and angulated atorigin ; r faint, a little more than twice its length beyond
the fork of R~+a; cells Ra, Rs, and 1st M2 in alignment; aspur on r-m, jutting into cell R ; petiole of cell M1 a little
less than twiee the cell; cell lsl M~ elongate, gently
widened distally ; hasal deflection of Cul near mid-length ofthe caudal face of cell 1st 3/2 ; vein 2nd d ending before thelevel of Rs.
Abdomen dark brown. Ovipositor with the tergal valves
usually short, very strongly upcurved, the tips acute.
Hab. New Zealand (North Island).
Hololype, ?, Taihape, Wellington Province, October 14,
1921 (1: R. Harris).

Limnophi{a deviata, sp. n.
General coloration light reddish brown; head grey;
halteres yellow ; legs dark brown, the femoral bases narrowly
obscure yellow; wings yellowish subhyaline ; veins R2 andRa divergent, cell R~ being very wide at wing-margin ; malehypopygium with two small pleural appendages, the outer
one bifid at apex.
Male.--Length about 4"5 mm. ; wing 5"6 ram.
Female.--Length 5"6-6 ram. ; wing 6"3-6"4~ ram.
Rostrum small, dark brown; palpi brownish black.
Antennae short in both sexes; seapal segments obscurebrownish yellow t~eneath, dark brown above; flagellum
dark brownish hlack, the segments oval. IIead grey, thecentre of the vertex slightly infuscated.
Mesonotal przescutum light reddish bro~n without distinct
markings~ tuberculate pits present, elongate; remainderof mesonotum pale reddish brown. Pleura pale brownish
yellow. Halteres yellow. Legs with the coxm and trochanters concolorous with the pleura; remainder of legs
dark brown, the bases narrowly obscure yellow. Wings
yellowish subhyaline, iridescent, the base and costal margin
paler; stigma indistinct; veins pale brownish yellow.
Venation: Scl ending beyond the fork of Rs, Sc2 close to
the tip of Set and about equal to it ; Rs long, arcuated atorigin, in alignment with R~+a; r lacking or barely indicated; R~+a about one-half longer than the deflection of
R4+5 ; veins R2 and ]~a divergent, cell R1 at margin being
only a little wider than cell Ra, cell R~ correspondinglynew or little-£'nown Tipulid~.

517

widened; inner ends o[ cells Ra, R~, and 1st Ms in obliquealignment ; cell M1 small, about one-half the length of its
petiole ; cell 1st Ms small, the basal deflection of Cul near
one-third its leugth ; vein 2nd A endil~g nearly opposite
the origin of Rs.
Abdomen dark brown. Male hypopygium with two small
pleural appendages, the outer appendage chitilJized, with asmall sl)ine immediately before the slender apex; innerpleural appendagc a little shorter, slender, fleshy. Ovipositor with the tergal valves elongate, gently upcurved.
Hab. New Zealand (South Island).
Holotype, ~ , Greymouth, sea-level, September 7, 1921
( T. R. Harris).
Allotopotype, ~, September 6, 192t.
Paralo2)olype , ?, September 7, 1921.
Limnophila exclusa, sp. n.
Mesonotum yellowish grey with three dark brown stripes ;antennm short ; pleura light grey ; wings tinged with yellow,
sparsely marked with brown ; Rs+3 lol~g; cell M! lacking.
Male.--Le,~gth 11 mm.; wing 11 ram.
Female.--Length 12 ram. ; wing 10 5 ram.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antemlm short, the basal segment dark pruinose. Head grey, the centre of the vertex
extensively i~fuscated, restricting the ground-colour tonarrow margins adjoining the eyes.
Mesonotal prmscutum yello~vish grey with three conspicuous
dark brown stripes, the median stripe split caudally ; scutum
and scutellum light grey, the scutal lobes infuscated; postnotum light grey. Pleura light grey. Haltcres yellow.
Legs with the coxm obscure yellow, sparsely pruinose ; troctmnters obscure yellow; femora and tibim brown, the tips
passing into black ; metatarsi dark brown, the tips blackened ;tarsi black. Wings with a yellowish tinge, more saturated
at the base and in the costal region; stigma conspicuous,
brown ; a brown seam at origin ot Rs ; narrow brown seams
along the cord and outer ond of cell 1st M=; in the typethe outer end of cell/~2 is strongly iufuseatcd ; vein Cu andthe wing-margin less distinctly infuscated; veins darkbrown, more yellowish in the costal region. Venation : Scl
ending just before the end of Rs, Sc2 at the tip of Sc, ; Rs
long, angulated and spurred at origin; R2+a long, only alittle shorter than -~.z ; r a little more than its length fromthe tip of R1 and on R= less than its length beyond the ibrk
o~ R~+3; cells Ra, R~, and 1st Ms in oblique alignment;

518

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

r-m long, arcuated ; cell M 1 lacking ; cell 1st M: elongate,
widened distally, m about one-half the outer deflection of
M3 ; basal deflection of Cut about its own length beyond thefork of M ;auterior arculus preserved.
Abdominal tergites light brown, in the female darker
brown; hypopygium concolorons with abdomen. Ovipositor very long and slender, yellowish horn-colour.
Hub. New Zealand (both Islands).
Holotype, (£, Charteris Bay, Banks Peninsula~ Canterbury,
November 12, 1921 (J. W. Campbell).
Allotype, ? , Ohakune, altitude about 2060 feet, November
12, 1921 (T. R. Harris).
The holotype was associated with Aphrophila neozelandica(Edwards) and Dicranomyia fasciata, Hutton, on the leeside of rocks amidst rough foaming water.
Gynoplistia hirtamera, sp. n.
General coloration shiny black ; antennae with fifteen segments; flagellar segments 1 to 8 long-flabellate; all coxm lightbrown ; wings subhyaline with a conspicuous brown pattern,including the cord, outer end of cell 1st M~, bases of cells l~
and M, origin of Rs, a large spot in cell .|1 and another incells Cu and 1st A ; wing-apex not darkened ; cell 2nd R1 at
margin equal in width to cell 2~ ; vein 2nd A ending far
before the level of the origin of R~; male hypopygium witheach gonapophyse terminating in a dense brush of longyellow set~e.
Male.--Length 7"5 ram. ; wing 6"8 ram.
Described from an alcoholic specimen.
Rostrum black, the palpi dark brownish black. Antennae
15-segmented, the formula being 2 + 2 + 6 + 5 ;antennredark brown, the basal two flagellar segments indistinctly
paler at eilds; flagellar branches very long, the longest
from three-fifths to two-thirds the entire flagellum; eighth
flagellar segment with a pectination that is at least threetimes the length of the segment; terminal flagellar segment elongate, one-hail longer than the penultimate. Iteadshiny black.
!Vlescnotal prrescutum shiny black, the humeral region
restrictedly reddish brown; scutal lobes black, the medianarea reddish brown; scutellum reddish brown with two
confluent dark brown spots at base, on either side of themedian line; postnotum black. Pleura dark brownish
black ; no pruinosity can be detected in the alcoholic type.
Haltercs pale yellow throughout. Legs with coxm uniform

new or little-known Tipulida).

519

yellowish brown, the fore coxm darker basally ; trochantersobscure brownish yellow; femora light brown, the tips
broadly brownish black; tibim dark brown, the tips
blackened ; tarsi black. Wings rather broad, subhyaline;
cells C and Sc yellowish ; a conspicuous dark brown pattern
distributed as follows: bases of cells R and 21~; a large
subcircular area at origin of Rs, remote from vein M;
stigmal area large, sending a broad cloud along the cord,
ending in a large blotch at the tip of Cu~ ; a large cloud atm; a conspicuous oval area beyond mid-length of cell M ;an infuscation in centre of cell Cu, crossing vein 1st A intocell 1st A immediately above the end of vein 2nd A ; wingtip not darkened; veills dark brown. Venation: r at or
before mid-length of vein R~, cell 2nd R1 being unusuallywide at the margin, equal to cell R2; R~ strongly angulated
at origin ; m short to very short, constricting the adjoining
veins; petiole of cell M1 about two-thirds the cell; basal
deflection of Cut at from one-half to two-thirds the lengthof cell 1st M s ; vein 2nd A short, ending considerably before
the level of the origin of Rs.
Abdomen brownish black. Male hypopygium with the
apex of each pleurite produced into a short blade as iu thisgroup of species; mesal face of pleurite at base produced
into a conspicuous, flattened, glabrous blade directed caudad
and slightly mesad, the apex obtusely rounded ; mesal apicalangle of pleurite likewise produced into a small blunt lobe
that bears a few conspicuous setm ; inner pleurai appendage
dilated at apex. Gonapophyses broad at base, narrow atapex, which is split into a dense brush of long yellow hairs.
Hub. New Zealand (South Island).
Holotype, ~ Waitati, Pipetine, Otago, October 29, 1921
( G. Itowes).

Gynoplistia niveicincta, sp. n.
General coloration shiny brownish yellow; head shiny
black; antennm 20-segmented ; femora yellow, the tips
broadly and abruptly blackened; posterior tibive with anarrow, clearly-defined, whitish ring beyond mid-length, thesetm on this pure white; wings nearly hyaline, cells Sc
and SCl entirely dark brown ; abdomen with intense purple
reflections, the hypopygium obscure reddish yellow.
Male.--Length 10 ram. ; wing 8'3 mm.
Rostrum very short, black ; first segment of palpi obscureyellow, the remainder dark brown. Antennae with the first
segment yellow, the apex darker; second scapat segment

520

Dr. C. P. Alexander ondark brown; flagellar segments, including tbe pectinations, black; autemne 20-segmented, the formula being
2 + 2 + 13 + 3, the pcetination of flagellar segment 15 being
comparatively small ; flagellar segments short with a distinct
apical neck, the longest peetination being approximately
one-third the entire flagellmn. Head entirely shiny coalblack.
Pronotmn shiny yellowish brown. Mesonotal prmseutum
shiny obscure brownish yellow, with three darker brown
stripes that are ill-defined ; remainder of mesonotum shiny,
obscure yellowish brown. Pleura brownish yellow, themesepimeron and mesosternum between the mid and hindeox~e with a transverse line of silvery-white pubescence.
Halteres pale brown, the knobs almost orange. Legs widl
the eoxm eoncolorous with the pleura ; trochanters obscureyellow ; femora bright yellow, the apical third (mid-femur)
or half (hind femur) abruptly blackened; tibim black;posterior tibim with a clearly defined whitish ring just beyond
mid-length, this band a little narrower than the black apex ;setm on this pale area white ; tibial spurs slender, the apex
acute, the distal margin weakly spinulose. Wings nearly
hyaline ; cells Sc and Sc~ entirely dark brown ; a conspicuous(lark brown blotch at origin of Rs, extending to M; stigmM
blotch large and compact, continued along the cord ; centreof cell 1st M~ clear; outer end of cell 1st M~ and basal
deflection of Cu~ narrowly seamed with brown ; an elongateoval paler brown cloud just beyond mid-length of vein
1st A ; wing-tip broadly but faintly infuseated; veinsbrownish black. Yenation : R.2 perpendicular at origin;r near mid-length of R~; basal deflection of Cul shortly
before mid-length of cell 1st M2 ; vein 2nd A very strongly
siBUOllS.

Abdomen shiny dark brown with intense violet and purple
refleetim{s ; hypopygium, including all but the base ofsternite 8, obscure reddish yellow. Male hypopygimn
with the pleurites short and stout, their mesal faces densely
setiferous, the apex of each produced caudad and mesad intoa rather long, flattened, setiferous blade; two pleural appendages, both slender and unspined. Gonapophyses appe~.ring as very long, acicular, sinuous rods.
Hab. New Zealand (North Island).
Hololype, c~, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, December 15,
1919 ('1'. R. Harris).
The type of Gynoplistia ~iveicincta was sent to
Mr. Edwards for his expert opinion; he writes that thisinsect is certainly distinct from speciosa, Edwards~ which has

new or little-known Tipulidte.

521

brownish bind tibim covered with uniform dark brownpubescence, the pale ring being on the integument only ;in niveicincla the setae, as well as the integument, are pale.
G.Jormosa, H utton, is represented in the writer's collection
by a male; it is a very different fly, with the tibial ring ilidefiaed, broad, and ora,ge-yellow in colour.
Tricyphona novoe-zelandioe, sp. n.

General coloration obscure yellowish brown ; mesonotal
prmscutum with four narrow dark brown strip s; wings
with a brown ti~lge, the stigma a little darker ; cell R,z Iongpetiolate ; cell R~ short-petiolate ; cell 1st M2 closed ; cell
M1 sessile or very short-petioiate.
M a l e . - - L e n g t h 6 ram. ; wing" 8"6 ram.
Rostru,n and palpi dark brown. Autenum 16-segmented,
the scapal segments pale brown ; flagellum black ; fiagellar
segments oval. Head dark brown with a sparse bloom,
leaving blotches of the ground-colour exposed.
Mesonotal pr~escutum light yellowish brown with four
conspicuous dark brown stripes, the intermediate })airs('parated from one another by a line of the ground-colourthat is nearly one-half tile width of either stripe ; scutum
brown, indistinctly greyish medially; scutellum and postnotum pale brown with an indistinct pruinosity. .Pleura
brown with a sparse, microscopic, appressed pubescence thatappears like a pruinosity ; a narrow, dark brown, dorsal stripe
extending from the propleura to ventrad of the wing-root.
Halteres pale, the base of the stem yellow~ the knobs infus('ated. Legs with the eox~e obscure yellow, infuscatedbasally; trochanters obscure yellow; femora pale brown,
the tips scarcely darkened ; tibiae and metatarsi pale brown,
the tips narrowly darker brown; remainder of the tarsi
dark brown. Wings with a brown tinge; cells C and Sc
more saturated; stigma darker brown, but its limits illdefi,~ed; veins dark brown. Venation: 8c2 before theorigin of Rs a distance approximately as long as cell 1st M ~ ;Iis strongly arcuated at origin; //~+3 elongate, the outerdeflection of/¢2 a little more than its own length from thetip of Rl+2, without macrotrichim ; R~+~ a little shorter thanr - m ; r - m on R~+s iramediately beyond its origin ; cell M1
short-petiolate or sessile, m in tiffs case being exactly at thefork of MI+~ ; m about one-third the outer deflection ot Ma ;basal deflection of Cul about one-fourth its length beyond
the fork of M ; Ma + Cu~ a little more than one-half the outerdeflection of M3.
A~,~. dO May. N. Hist. Set. 9. Vol. ix.
34

522

Dr. C. P. Alexander oJ~

Abdomen dark brown, the posterior margins of the sternites very narrowly and indistinctly paler; hypopygium
conspicuously reddish brown.
Hab. New Zealand (South Island).
Holotype, 6 , Dunedin, Otago, November 5, 1921
( G. Howes).
The discovery of a species of the tribe Pediciini in
New Zealand is of unusual interest.
Tricyphona nowezealandice is iu all its characters a typical member of thegenus. The venation is interpreted as showing a distal
fusion of R1 and Ru, the type of venation found in thel%diciini (for a discussion, see ' Entomological News,' vol. 29,
pp. 201-205, 1918) and very possibly in other groups ofLimnobiin~e, the apparent radial cross-vein in these cases
being the free portion ot' veiu R2.
Genus HOLORUSIA,Loew.
ZEL&NDOTIPULA~subgen, nov.
Characters as in Holorusia, differing as follows : vein M
with a strong spur on the caudal side, jutting disto-caudad
into cell M. Male hypopygium with the outer plenral
appendage narrowed apieally into a point. Gonapophyses
appearing as deeply bifid plates, each lobe broadly roundedat ai,ex.
Type of the subgenus :--Holorusia novara~ (Schiner).
The writer is quite prepared to follow Mr. :Edwards inplacing the Tipula novar~e, Schiner, in the essentially Neotropical genus Holorusia. Tim three species of the groupfrom New Zealand known to the writer exhibit certain
characters that seem to warrant their removal from typical
Holorusia in some degree, and so the new subgeneric term,
Zelandotipula, is proposed for these three :New Zealandspccics." The writer is strongly inclined to believe that theconspicuous spur or stump of a vein in cell M is a characterof some phylogenetic significance. Although it is lacking
in some individuals, it is usually present as a strong spur,or, in some cases, as a more or less complete cross-vein incell M. The course of the spur, and especially the slight
cephalic deflection of the main vein immediately beyond it
to form a symmetrical fork~ leads one to the conclusion thatthe character is atavic, in the specimens seen by the writerwhere the cross-vein is most nearly complete, the caudal
portion of the vein, nearest vein Cu, is weak and not iualignment with the base of the spur. W h a t this spur on
M can represent in the phylogeny of the Diptera is a

new or llttle-known Tipulid~e.

523

question that future studies must auswcr. The other species
belonging to this new group are H. (Z.)fulva ([Iutton) andH. (Z.) otagana, sp. n. The species described by the writeras Macromastix maori is certainly not a member of thisgroup, and likewise does not seem to be a true Macromastix.
The presence of a spur on M in exactly the same position as
found in the three species of Zelandotiputa may indicate thatboth of these groups have descended from some Maoriau
ancestor in remote ages past. The discovery of the im~l~ature
stages of H. novar~e by Mr. Gourlay is of unusual interest.
The larvae resemble those of Itolorusia in general appearance,
but the pupa~ strikingly suggest species of Prionocera.
Holorusia (Zelandotipula) otagana~ sp. n.
General coloration light g r e y ; centre of vertex andmedian stripe of pra~scutum obscure rufous; wings relatively long and narrow, the pattern but faintly indicated;
abdomen uniformly light brown; male hypopygium withthe outer pleural appendage not produced into a conspicuous
attenuate poit~t.
Male.--Length 18-19 mm.; wing 19-22 ram.; wingwidth 3"8 mm.
Female.--Length about 20 ram. ; wing 17 ram.
Frontal prolongation of the head elongate, reddish brown ;palpi dark brown. Antennae with the scapal segments
brownish yellow; flagellum black. Dorsum of head deep
rufous, with a capillary dark brown median line; inner
margin of eyes broadly cinereous.
Mesonotal prmscutum light grey with three stripes, themedian stripe obscure rufous~ the lateral stripes varying
from rufous to dark grey ; scutum light grey, the centres ofthe lobes dark grey; scutellum and postnotum light greywith a capillary brown median line. Pleura light grey;
dorso-pleural membrane obscure yellow. Halteres pale
brown. Legs with the cox~e light grey ; trochantcrs brownish
yellow; femora and tlbim light brown, the tips darkened;tarsi dark brown. Wings relatively long and narrow, subhyaline, with a subobsolete pattern, cells C, Sc, 2J,d R1, R~,
and Ra being suffused with pale brown; outer ends of theposterior and anal cells faintly darkened; the subh.yaline
ground-colour includes cell R~ to the apex; no conspicuous
dark pattern along Rs or M as in novaree. Venation : asin nova'r6e, but the cells longer and narrower, resulting fromthe narrowing of the wing.
34*

524

0,~ new or little-known Tipulidm.

Abdomen uniformly light brown, including the hypopygium. Male hypopygium very different in the details of
structure from other known species of the subgenus. Ninthtergite with a profound median incision, the mesal face ofthe lobes formed obliquely truncated and densely set with
abnndant black spicules. Outer or dorsal pleural appendage
flattened as in tile genus, but the apex scarcely more than
one-half as long as tile dilated base, not at all prolonged
into an attenuate lobe as in the genotype.
The female is smaller. The unique specimen of this sex
at hand lacks the spur on vein M.
]lab. New Zealand (South Island).
Holotype, c~, Seaward Moss, near Invercargil], October 15,
1906 (A. Philyott).
A lloto, otype, ?.
Paralopotypes, 2 (~ ~ ~ Oefober 15, 1905; Paralype, ~ ,West Plains, zNovember 30, 1902 (A. Philpott).

Maeromastix sublenera~ sp. n.
Male.--Length about 7"5 ram. ; wing 10"5 mm.
Related to M. tenera (Hntton), differing as follows : Size smaller.
Antennm more elongate, the tlagel]arsegments beyond the first elongate-eylindrieal~ those near
mid-length of the organ much longer than those at base.
tlead obscure yellow ; a large brown area on either side of
the vertex behind the eye% only narrowly separated on the
median line; no median dark line cn the anterior part ofvertex. M esonotal postnotum obscure yellow with the lateral
margins of tile median selerite conspicuously margined withpale brown, the median pale area broad ; in tenera there are
two circular black spots on the posterior margin of the post~mtum. Pleura with a continuous, but rather indistinet~t~ansver~e brown line on the anterior part of the mesepiste~nnm, continued ventrad on to the mesosternum. Wings
faintly tinged with brown. Rs a little shorter than in
ttnera ; cell 2rid A a little narrower. J~asal tergite dark ;basal half of second tergite conspieueusly light brown;
remaining tergites with the pale median stripe as in tenera,
but less distinct and conspicuously interrupted across thecaudal margin of each segment by a Imrrow brownish-blackn,argin to tile selerite, those cross-bars eoneolorous with thelateral stripes.
Hab. New Zealand (South Island).
Hololype, c~, The Hump, Otago, altitude 3000 feet,
I)cecnJ bet 24, 1915 (d. Philpott).