The Crane-flies collected by the Canadian Arctic Expedition,
1 9 1 3 -1 8 .
By Cuenr,ns P. Ar,pxeNonn, Ph. D.
InrnopucuoN.
The collection of crane-flies made by the canadian Arctic Expedition isquite extcnsive, and includes about 100 specimens of adults, larvre, and pupre.
The typeg a_nduniques have been placed in the Canadian National Collectibn;
certain of the paratypes and duplicates are retained in thc collection of theauthor. _The present report has been divided into two general portions, thefirst on the taxonomy of the adult flics, the second a consideration bf the immature stages and the biological data secured by the collector, Mr. Frits Johansen.
The material represents as satisfactory a collectiorr of Arctic American
Tipulide as has yet been brought together. The itinerary and general narrativeof the Southern Division of the Expedition has been recorded bv Dr. R. M.
A n d e rso n ( 1917) . r
Blnlrocnepnv.
There have been rather numerous species of crane-flies described from the
Canadian Arctic Northwest, the more important reports on these collections
being as follows:Kirby-_Wm-,(1824)in the supplementto Capt. Parry's first voyagedescribedStygeropisparri,i(Kirby).
Curtis, John (1831)in the appendixto Ross'svoyageto the Arctic regions,described?ipzta

arctica Clurtis.
Loew, Hermann (1863-1865)in the Centuries of North American Diptera describedthe numerous
species of Tipuline collected by Robert Kennicott, now in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology at Cambridge. These specimensbear the general label of "H.B.T," only a few
of them lraving any more exact label. In another paper (Proceedings of the Academv of
Natural Sciencesof Philadelphia, September,1915, pp. 458-465) I have discussedLo6w's
speciesand their present condition.
Osten-Sacken (1859-1869) described most of the Limnobiine collected by Kennicott and also
(L876) Ti,pulLbeslel,si, from Polalis bay, Grecnland, at about 82 degrees north latitude,
collectedby Dr. E. Besselsin L872.
Bergroth (1888) described several new speciesmostly from Sitka, Alaska. Most of these wererediscovered on the Harriman exoedition (seeCoouillett).
Williston (1893) described Stgger-opi.s^
bergro|hi,fromflaska.' The type was reeordedas having
b_eenplaced in_the Kanlas University collection, but is not mentioned among the types in
Hunter's list (Kansas University ScienceBulletin, vol 8, No. 1. p. 18; 1914) nor -have I
been able to locate the specimen.
Doane (1900, 1901) describeda very few speciesfrom Unalaska,his types being in the collectionof the United States National Museum.
Coquillett (1900), The Crane-flies of the Harriman Expedition to Alaska, the types are now
in the collection of the United States National Museum.
Dietz (1915), two Limnobiine crane-flies collected by Francis Harper in the Athabeska countrvAlexander (1915-date), speciescollected by Kennicott in the Loew collection but never describedby Loew; the types are now in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoologv.
- The crane.flies of the Pribilof islands, now in the collection of the United States BjoloeiCal
Survey.

The most importantcollectionsfrom the Arctic Northwest may be con-following:
sideredto be theKennicott's collections,the Harriman Expedition,
the Pribilof islands collections.and the Dresentone.
r Reporto f t h e D e p a r t m e n to f th e Na va lSe r vice fo r th e F isca lYe arendi ngMarch3l st, 1917. Ottaw a:
A 1-2,pp.22-70. Alsc Srmmary Repcrt ol the Geological Survey, Dept. of Mines, for the calendar
ye ar 1913. I b i d . 7 9 1 4 , 1 9 1 51, 9 1 6 .
Vol. iii-4696&-1,

4aCana ian Arctic Erpedition, 1g1g_1g

From the above
a good idea of the generalfacies- of the crane-flv
fauna of the canadian-uteriul
Arctic Northwest may b"eobtained. it
Jp".[, ,r'"almost, if not all,.formsof dull, sombrecolouralion-browns ot g."y.ju.ramosi"of them.a.rgof simple, primitive organization. A consiJ"rurri"number show
unmlsL&kablesrgnsot clegeneracy
in the wings,this-conditionbeingparticularly
noticeablein the Pribilof islands, where fulTy half of the krro*rr"specieshavt
the wings mo-reor less atrophied.' In the presentcolleciion,iwo of ine Limno_
biine forms showedthe fi**t stages_of wingl-atrophy,but ali'o} tfr" t"n np"-ll*soT"o1thespeci"esof lriiic.Tiputidre ha"" irr"-r*"il:p:.ii..1:,{ull-winged.,,Tnetnoracrclntervals,thecoxre,etc.,_clothedwith an abundantlong,erect-pubescencq.M?ry of^pleura,
Arctic crane-fliesseemto be very local in theii-thedistribution. Thus the collections from the pribilof isunas ihow not oneof the. speciestaken elsewherein the can-a,diannorthwesi 1*itr, irr"
exception of Trichocera.)..Similarly, the-collectionsof the Harriman ;;;.ibl; ,'and.the p.resg-nt
collectionsshow ihat the speciesare in lurg" purt "rfr"aiii*
very locai
in their distribution, the natural barriers oftmountain. utrJ Tutg" water-bodies
havrngproved a very efficientcheeku.pontheir dispersal. In tie p.e.ent coileetronthereare a total of sixieenspeeies,
only two or threeof which have beenfound elsewhere;of .these Tipula arctica and,stygeroett.-i"lririit are rather well_known Arctic American specles,and the Trich,"o"cera'isfrouauty rr"irrrli"
its distribution.
The collectionthat is reportedupon in this paperis constitutedas follows:RhEphiduTrichocerineTrichocera
Ti.puliduLimnobi,inuLimnobiini,.
Eriopterini.
Li,mnophilini,.
Pedicii,ni.
TipulinaTipulini.

spectes.

Dicranomyia
Erioptera
Limnophi,laTricEphona
Stygeropis
Nephrotoma
Tipulaspecies.

2
z

1

.7

. The general tendenciesof distribution of crane-fliesin the high Arctic
re^gron!.
are well shownby the abovelist-,the omnipresentrrichocera,, d?;il;;;;of Pediciine and .Tipjr.linegenera,with a smattering sf T,imnobii,h,nrnrtiiiiiand Limnophili,ni. The extensive tribes Antochirli and,Herato^t"t (in tie
strict.sense)l_seem
to be entirely lacking s.ofar as known. The ptychoii*tiii
are likewise lacking and the singlerecord for the Tanyd,erid,agiotoptisa! isunsatisfactorv.
Auur,r Fr,rss.
Family TIPULID,IE.
Subfamily LIMNOBIIN,€.

Tribe LIMI{OBIII{1.
GenusDicranomyia Stephens.
Di,cranomyiaStephens;Catalogue of British insects,vol. 2, p. 2lB; lg2g.

Dicranomyia

alascaensis, n. sp.

An te nnr e blaek ; ha l te re s s h o rt; w i n g s n e a rl y h yal i ne, w i i h a l arse.
ovar.
,
D.rowt stlg_m?;5r 2 remote from the tip of Sc1 cell;f.rst -V2 closed; femori yellow,
tipped with brown.
t Concerninqthe status of the tribe Heratomini,
read. the remarks under the genus
Poecilostola,paee000.

Crane-fl,ies

5c

Fn u er , n. - Lengt h, 5 .5 mm.; w i n g , 6 .8 m m .
Rostrum and palpi black. Antenne black, the basal flagellar segments
enlarged, beyond the fifth oval, the last segment elongate. Head dark-coloured,
discoloured in the type.
Thorax dark-coloured, discoloured in the type, probably grey pruinose;
pleura grey pruinose. Halteres short, pale at the base, the remainder brown.
Legs with the coxa and trochanters yellow; femora dull yellow, the tips broadly
brown, narrowest on the fore femora, broader on the posterior femora; tibire
and tarsi very light brown, the terminal segments of the latter darkened. Wings
nearly hyaline; stigma large, oval, brown; veins brown; venation (Pl. I, fig. 1)
Sc2 remote from the tip of Scr so that Scr alone is about equal to the basal
deflexion of Cq; Scr ends just opposite the origin of /ls ,' r at the tip of Br;
Bs about twice as long as the basal deflexion of ,Ra+r;celllrsl M2 closed; basal
deflexion ol Cu at the fork of M.
Abdomen dark brown, pruinose, the pleural integument and the valves ofthe ovipositor yellowish.
Locality: Holotype, 9, Nome, Alaska, August 24,25, 1916 (F. Johansen).
No .7 8 .
In the elongate Scr. this species suggests D. halterata Osten-Sacken, but
this is about the only feature that the two species have in common. In otherrespects it seems closer to D. aqui,taDietzlfrom Taltson river, Mackenzie district (not Rocker river as stated in the original description), but it is a muchsmaller fly and the details of both colour and venation are different.
Tribe ERIOPTERII\tL
Genus Erioptera Meigen.
SubgenusErioptera Meigen.
Erioptera Meigen; Illiger's Magazine, vol. 2, p. 2ti2; 1803.

Drioptera(Erioptera)angustipennis,

n. sp.

General colouration dark brown with a grey pruinosity; lvings very longa n d n a r r ow.
Mer , p. - Lengt h, 4 .4 mm.; w i n g , 5 .4 m m .
Rostrum and palpi black. Antenne black, the flagellar segments oval.
Head dark grey.
Mesonotum brown, more greyish on the sides; pseudosutural fovee conspicuous, transverse, black. Pleura dull grey. Halteres rather elongate, brown.
Legs dark brownish black throughout. Wings very long and narrow showing
the first stages of atrophy although the venation is normal; membrane slightly
suffused with brown; stigma indistinct; veins dark brown; venation (Pl. I, fig. 2)
the veins are all very elongated due to the great narrowing of the wing.
r\bdomen dull grey, the segments indistinctly paler caudally and herewith fringes of long golden hairs that are more sparse elsewhere on the surface;male hypopygium with the pleural appendages slender, pointed at their tips.
Locality: Holotype, d, Bernard harbour, Dolphin and Union strait, Northwest Territories, August 1-7, 1915 (F. Johansen). No. 1045.
Readily distinguished from all other members of the genus by the long,narrow wings. The second anal vein is straight as in the subgenusAcyphonagroup the speciesmay perhaps be better referred.
*qg!
t CanadianEntomologist,vol. 47,pp.331-332,
fig., October,1915.

6c

Canad,ianArctic Erped,ition,1g1|_1g
Tribe LIMI{OPHILINI.
GenusLimnophila Macquart.
Limnophila Macquart; Histoire Naturele, Diptera;suit6 d Buffon, vor. 1, p. 95; 1g34.

SubgenusDactylolabis Osten-Sacken.
6aof"'{'okfusosten-Sackenl

Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciencesof philadel-

Limnophila (Dactylolabis) rhicnoptiloides, n. sp.
Generalcolouration_black,
dusted with grey; wings_longand narrow,theandseamed*i-rn U-*n; Rs spurredar i[s origin.
""i"r^I,:l:ity:ryr_lid
tvtA LE.-Le ng th,

g _g. g m m . ;wing, g_g m m .

Itostrum and palpi dark brownish6raek. Anlenra braek,
the first segment
elongated. Head narrowed behind, dart
grey pruinosity;
the whole dorsal surfaceof the t"olo"rg;i;[;^lihi
i.-n"..t;ith .i.;r;,-.ffiil bristles that are
directedforwards.
"uhThorax dark with heavy, c,lgar,light grey blooml mesonotal praescutumwith four brown stripes,.the_median'paT.
to?gL'J rl"riri"i.""Hartereswith thestem pale, the knobs dar.kelbrown.- iegs witi th;6[_;-;;;*;;;;i;iih;.;;;
trochanters dark; remainder of the lelgs broken. - ffi"6*ro"gand narrow,
subhvaline,the veinsseamed*?in gt"ii.n b;ff;
tffit;;ri^;i;hJ
feq,yilywing-surfaceappearsof this dark
-corour;veiation (pi. I, hg. s) the wing of theparatypeis longerand narrowerthanth'at ofiype nlrrEi;'i" rr"il-,,ii"g.
this paratype th_ereis a cross-veinin ceri n, 1ne"i;i the ra4ial cross_i"st'i,io"ffi;dvein; Rs spurredat its orisin.
$bdomen!-lu..k,sparselydusteclwith grey.
Localitv: Holotype,{,-Bernard harbSurl Northwest rerritories, July 15,191b(F. Johansen),."No.
ieoa r"r"t"p"1yp;, ;, i;i; ,ii,isrs, No. 1064.
. - The wingsof this interestingnew spec

eitheri".';';7,;;;""'orten-sacken-"i"rJtl,',iKi;ril'iT'Tf#:i'f:;sacken of westernNorth America and the_sector ir rp"r."a"ut its origi.r.--i;;
speciesshowsdecidedtendenciestoward d"ge.teroiiori*i"g" ;;d l" thi;respectapproachesL"Tin"
woclaicki,i(Nowic[y),1he.typ9,of the pr%popeft^*lgg;:,!n.)
Rhicnopttla (Besehreibungneuer Dipteren,-verniriatung"n' o", kalserlreh_
kdniglich-enzoologisch-boianischer
Geseilschafti. wi;il;A^iz,
pp. iii-ii4,
rii," iirtati,zdoi, o.."rri"dFt. 1t; .1.892). T[is last speciesis an evenmou,ntainous.iegions(6,000to-^"i1@g;;
8,000 f'eer);i1h;Ii"ngarian
Tatrasi:^rL" I**('arpathians)
whereit.frcquentsgranitic cliffsin plaees*i*r" the 1'ocI!YTt,",.tly,r,t:--.",].
:onstallty,moistenedby dripping waler. Here the degeneratecon_
0rrronrs apparenily.
broughtabout by the great altitudeand the habitat. Inrr)epresentspeclesthedegenerac.yis the resultof living in the high arctiesand isquite comparableto the conditibn in L. woclzi,ckii.i;
fi ooi.rlon the name
Rhi.cnoptilahas no status at.all,.a.lthoughthe.descripti-r, of'tn!'i^^ut";;,14;;
indicate some notable pec-qliaiities. Eut, whether-the.e .o"aitio". are realor
due to the insufficiencybfNowicky's aes..iptron n;r ;;;;;;
b*n ascertained.
Tribe PEDICIINI.
GenusTricyphona Zetterstedt.
Tricyphona Zetterstedt; Insecta Lapponica, Diptera, p. g51; 1g3g.

Tricyphona brevifurcata, n. sp.
Thoracic dorsum.pale brownish grey with three conspicuousdark
brown
stripes; wings with-vein R n+uas long"oriorg", than its fo;[. 'Mer,n.-Length, 10 mm.; wingfabout g mm.

Crane-fl,ies

7 c

Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antenna black, the flagellum
broken. Head small, dark brown, somewhat paler laterallv.
Mesonotal praescutum pale brownish grby with three dark brown, very
distrinct, stripes, the median one broadest in front, narrowed behind, and ending
before the suture, very narrowly bifid behind; lateral stripes shorter and narrowei
crossing the suture and suffusing the scutal lobes; scutellum and postnotum
dark brown.
Pleura dark blue-grey pruinose. Halteres light biown, theknobs darker. Legs with the coxe sparsely pruinose; trochanters dark brown;
remainder of the legs very dark brown, only the fore femora a little brighter atthe extreme base. Wings subhyaline; stigma rather indistinct, pale brown; adarker brown spot on fhe r-m crossvein and the basal deflexion of vein R a *s;
yein Cu indistinctly seamed with darker; veins brownl venaJion (PI. I, fig. 4)
crossvein r near the tip of Rrl vein R r * s a little longer than the very shortfork.
Abdomen elongate, blackish, with numerous, scattered, appressed golden
hairsl basal tergites with a transverse linear impressed area before midJengthof the segments, these interrupted medially; the sternites are narrowly andindistinctly margined caudally with pale.
Locality: Holotype, d, west of Konganevik, Camden bay, Alaska, July 4,1914 (F. Johansen). No. 432.
This is a very distinct speciesof Tricyphono, having the fork of vein R E *s
shorter than in any other American speciesof the genus. The wings of the typeare badly broken, but otherwise the specimen is in good condition.
Tricyphonafrig,ida, n. sp.

Belongs to the diaphana group; size small, wing under 8.5 mm.; generalcolouration greyish, the thoracic dorsum with narrow brown stripes.
Mar , p. - Lengt h, 5 .8 m m .; w i n g , 7 .8 m m .
Fnlre.r,n.-Length, 7'5 mm.; wing, 7'5 mm.
Rostrum, palpi, and antenne black. Head grey.
Mesonotal praescutum grey with four brown stripes, the median pair
separated by a narrow vitta of the ground colour. Pleura grey. Halteresbrown, the knobs a little darker. Legs with the coxre grey; trochanters brownish
grey; femora pale brown, passing into dark brown before midlength of thesegment; tibire and tarsi dark brown. Wings with a strong brownish tinge, thestigma darker brown; indistinct brownish seams along the sector and the cord;
venation (Pl. I, fig. 5) Rs strongly arcuated at its origin; r close to the tip of R1;
r-m abo:ut,equal to the basal deflexion of ,Rs.
Abdomen brownish grey; valves of the ovipositor brownish horn-colour.
Male hypopygium (Pl. II, fig. 20) with the pleura short and stout, the apical lobe
densely beset with acute black spines; pleural appendage yellow, at the tip andon the cephalic face with a few elongated stout bristles; at the base of thepleurites, a sickle-shaped hook ending in a short, subacute tip; below this asmaller curyed hook directed caudad. In T. diaphana (Pl. II, fig. 21) the
condition is quite similar, but the pleurites are even shorter and stouter; thehooklike appendage at the base of the pleurite is scimitar-shaped, at the tip
produced into a long drawn out point; the smaller ventral hook is straighter.
It is probable that fresh specimens are not coloured as described above.
The type-material is badly discoloured and matted and it is difficult to be sureof the exact condition in fresh or better Dreseryed material.
Locality: Holotype, a, Ketchikan, southeastern Alaska, September 10,
1916 (F. Johansen). No. 872. Allotype, e, with the type, No. 877.
T. frigida belongs to the group of speciesthat includes eroloma (Doane) anddiaphana (Doane), these three speciesshowing the following group characters:Full-winged, the wing or its venation showing no tendencies to atrophy;
median cross-vein present, closing cell f,rst Mz; cell Ba ver5r deep so that the8 cCanadian Arctic Erped,ition, 1g1T-1g

r-4tr cross-vein connects with vein R5 rather than with vein Ra *r as in most
species of the genus.
It is a much smaller speciesthan either eroloma or d,iaphano,which have theylin,slmea;uring over 10 mm. r am inclined to berieve ittut it is this .p""[tthat-uoq-uillett records as d,iaphana in the Harriman reports, from the fo[bwing
A l a ska n loealit ies : Localities: One a,"Yakutat,'1899-.21, lggg; one d, Berg bay, Juneflaska,{glv10, 1899; one d, Popof island, Julvlb,]t *uy pe thqt this repreients a siitt. undescribed speciesof the group.
I have the following relords for T. d:ianhana:Localities: One.s, Pullman,^Was[.,l8g8 type; five cr, e, Olympia,
wash.,March 16, 1896; one a,'seattle, U_uV-+,g.c.,"Ia;;tiwa"sn.; on" o]'iJ"ro"""r,29, 1902.
Subfami-yTIPULIN,TD.
Tribe TIPLTLINI.
Genus Stygeropis Loew.
Stygeropis
Loew; BerlinerEntomologische
Zeitschrift,vol. 7, p. 2gg; lg68.
smali. genus of northern and Arctic Tipuline crane-flies, occurring in,tloth,,,A,hemis-pheres.
The generally aecepted belief that this qenus is clo"selv
related to ctenophora and its allies is entirery erroneous. Thi; i.-;e;;i;;;;A
Dy a study.oJ the rmmature stagelwhich are very Tipuline in nature, in somerespects uniting the Longurio and Ti,pula,types.
.

Stygeropis parrii(Kirby).

Ctenophoraparrii, Kirby; Supplementto Capt. parry's First Voyage;1g24.
Mar,p.-Length, 11-13 mm.; wing, 14-15 mm.
Fp u er , p. - Lengt h, 1 7 .5 m m .; w i n g , 1 5 .g m m .
palpi,jhort,^
black. . Frontal prolongation of the head short, black.
^ ,(PI' lI', fig. 12) black,the first segment elongate, transversely wrinkled;*nte,lnre
fl.agellarsegments narro\v. basally, enlarged distally into a blunt serration on
the inner face. Head duil black with a ipa.se yeliowish grey bloom, it.ia".
of the vertex clothed with elongate, pale harrs.
"
Thoracic dorsum light grey with three broad, darker grey stripes, the.
median one broadest anteriorly; thoracic interspaces with in abunciance of
long, erect hairs; an indistinct, narrow, blackish, median stripe r""s tlie lengthof the notum. Pleura gre_r, the dorso-nfeurtil membrane' more yello*i'sh.
,
Halteres brown, the.knobi darker.
j;;-t;
Legs with the coxre and trochanffi
the former,grey,pruinose; femora reddish brown, the tips br"Jty nr".r.."-Jj
ttbrre and tarsi black. wings w]th a slight brownish grey tinge, the costai
ancl subcostal cells more brownish: stigrie dark brow"n; otrtit.".uti"e streak
befo re th e c or d not v er y d i s ti -n e t;.v e n a ti o (pi l .r, fi g .7) R 2 13 l ong,very sl i ghi l yarcuated at origin; petiole of cell M1 present tirt"otten gr"utty short,i"ea ?s ii
parnoldeg.
Abdomen dark blue-grey, the.segm_entsvery narrowly ringed with paler
on the raudal margin; lateral margins-of the ter[ites broudty piler. i"ti.
the male,,hvloRrsium conspic.uouslyyellow: femare ovipositbr-with the tergal"ivalves rather hrgh, narro_rvlyblackened at their tips. Male hypopygium having
the,ninth tergite (Pl. lI, fig. 26) large,.the caudal margin *itt'*"-r*ryd."plu- s+a p g g' m edian not c h , th e l a te ra l l o b e s p ro m i nent, obl i quel y truncatedi
tergite black, the apicesof the Iobes broadly pul". Ninth pleurite "."tti-.
srve, the pleural suture indistinct beneath; outer pleural appendage (pl. II, fig.
"-i""123)

Crane-fl,ies

g ca subovalflattened lobe, dull yellow ln colour, slightly broader at the basethan
at the tip which is obtusely rounded; the outei face of the appendagewith
sparse,short, scattered hairs; inner.pleural appendage(Pl. II, id. Z+) 6 hrge,
pale.b-ro-wnlobe,
at the tip produc-edinto-a long, cunied point tliai-flattengd,
ial.slightly elpanded
at its tip, the inner face with abundint long, pale hairs.
Ninth sternite extensive,a . deep split on the mid-ventral line,-the margins
closelyapproximatedor contiguous.
The following ten specimensare in the collection:
Localities: Nos. 434, 435, 436,and 438, west of Kongenevik, Camdenbay,
Alaska, July 4, 1914. Nos. 1194, 1195, Collinson pointi Alaska. June 22-2b'.
I_g!4., {9s,423, 82_2,
and 828, Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories,-4!2,and in July-August,
July 1-14, 1916,
1g15.
Th-e most- conspicuousdifferencesbetween this speciesand the next, s.
parrioid,es,
are-in the denseerect pile of the presentspecies,the clear blue gre;rcolouration,the conspicuousdifferencesin ihe struclure of the antennre"anlhypopygium of the male sex, etc.
Willistonr is unsatisfactorilydescribedand the type is apparently_ S. berg.rothz
no longer.in e_xistence
as was stated earliei in this paper. It i"s-ablackish grey
specieswith the stem of the halteresand the basesbf the femora reddishveTlo#ga !!u _ryitg._uniformly tinged with brownish. S. sord,id,aLoew (Century 4,
N9. a2-;1863)has the rostrum black as in the presentspeciesand agieesin s'ome
other features,but is apparently a different species.
Stygeropis parrioides, n. sp.
Frontal prolongationof the head light brown; antenna short, the flagellar
segmentswith an incons_picuoustransverseridge beforethe middle, this bearing
a fringe of_.shor_t,
pale hairs; mesonotumgreyish yellow with a narrow, darf,
proyn median line, _the sternites and pleurites clear, light grey; abdominalte^rgites-witha broad, dark brown, median line; wings reaais[ brown; petioleof ce.llMlver! short or lacking; pile on the bociy shdrt, not'conspicuousas inpamu,,
Mer,p.-Length, 14-15mm.; wing, 11-12mm.
of the head light brown,. Palpi short, dark brown. Frorrtal prolongation
shortl nasus distinct. Anteqne (PI. II, fig. -18) dark brown, se[ment one-cyathiform;
elongate,segment 1wo
segrient threeelongate,-transversely--wrinkled;
broader distally; segmentsfour to sevenbroad basillty iittr a transverse row of pale hairs before midJength of the segments,on the ventral facewith one or two small spicules;terminal segmentsgradually attenuated. vertex
greyish brown, with numerous black bristles that are lackins on the medianline; vertex produced forward on the median line into a tonlue between theantelqal bases;genrewith numerousblack, bristlelike hairs. "Mesonotal praescltum yellowish grey, brightest before the pseudosutural^
fovee,
the_.thr-ee
usual.tholacic stripes n-ot distinct, only u vety narrow darkbrown medianline running the entire-lengthof the mesonoium. Dorsal pleurites
concolourouswith the notum; sternal pleurites and sternum clear hght, grey.
Halteres dark brown. I,ug. with the coxeeclear light grey; trochanteis br6wn;
femora brown; _tibi_*_similar, darker at the tipsl taisi "dark brown. wingJwith a strong reddishbr9w1 tinge, cellsc and sc-moresaturated;stigma browi;
the membra.nealong vei'' cu more greyish; venation (Pl. I, fis. 8) Es elongatei
cell Mt sessile(as in the genusNephrotoma)or very short-petfolaie.
_.Abdominaltergites reddish brown with a bioad, distinct, dark brown,
median line_;caudal margins of the segmentslessdistinctly brownish; u na.row,
sublateral,brown line; extremelateral marginsnarrowly dull yellow.' Sternites
somewhat similar, the basal two-thirds re-ddishbrown, the Lpical third darkt Kansas University

Quarterly, vol. 2, p. 64; 18g4.

10c

Canadian Ar ctic Erpedition, 1g 1g_I g#?ti
rbroad,nu-s[apecl,.-",iiuti'"oi'.h,(iif i lf-l1?rl'*:a,
ffdensely
3':"lrr'*lxll
41?y
Hsill,Hx,with a i'ffi
thj.Q;;ri1;;;;i"
providedwith short, black.hairs;'beneath;L; i9.g;l- f"t"i-i"i#1,?ii

twosmalli";d;r"rr"Jtnrf rr" d""."rvset

with,rrortt u.*hf.,:li*1tt"frrri,i,i
pleurite extensive.ovar,.withpr"".Jiion" (pl. rr, fis,22)
almost circular in outiine, tt"";;";;;.ririr.;""i1.
hairs; innerpleurallobe (Pl.II, fig.2.5)'ofrutfr.t""t"r"r*;";tth;,i;-;"1i.".ho.r.i-ple st.uciure,'T*Jlr-.a, the outer arm

tf a*'.1.iiit1li*trf_li"x;;$tl:q:ti..e:$li;,n'"'J,lr:",ffit;*itn ao".",'piti'iu,r. rnat,are short

cephalad,almosr,F yl,"]q+*S^ruffi3::?l"iiltif,
l.:i"""'"1T.*?lx:*i1"r*mf;if,Tfi
rir'."J:*T,"#l,:H

the apex;the.dorsal
j;;d"iJ;;r;;;i;il,rt"n"urr;yrya1sin"i ;hi.
chitinized.
suture betweenthe ninth".t"t"ii"- r"a pleuritenot very distinct,thesternalregion destitute of hairs.
Locality: Holotypga d, west of Konganevik,
Camden bay, Alaska, June
191 4 (F. Johans en) .- No .' O g + .
p u ru tl p o ty p _ " .,' r" rr" oa,r, X o.. 6A b, 636,
June1914;
Nos.4JB,+sz,+eo,"'++o,l"a-+ii,,'r"iy+","iiir+l

GenusNephrotoma Meigen.
NephrotomaMeigen; Illiger's Magazine, p. 262;
fg03.

Nephrotoma arcticolar o. sp.
Generalcolouration.blac\;abdominaltergites.with
an interruptedorangestripe on either side tt
51ell-ory
hvarinewitfi the.tid';fr;;,+i,iu',i;"tat the"--"J1,
endi"o;;;""_roudrvrAlE._Length,. 12,.
"l,t?";"J[|}gsb_IZ mm. 1 wing,tZ_tZ . Z-^^.

__.
I",r+lT. ,t-"{€rn,14mm.f-win*,-Ie"'oif,':;fbh.f,;iff ff:'ltl"'#r?,T,lf,l_,"T+fil-*-;
iiifl,fji;f,;,'tilil:'fconspicuous(pt. II, fic.,14). H"ra-r.lLO,";;.;,

rri"irl,-".ii"y; the vertex
surrornding_theantennalbasesvellow.
Pronotal scutum black, scJtellum yellowish.
Mesonotu

shinv; i" ."*"".p".imensa narrowyelrowish
rineonsutureand a vellowishmark uelo." in""'i."uao.uturartrr" pru#.,r?lflr1f;#Ti{
iorr"'*lnui.ute the usual
yellowish ground-eolo",;i -r;;'ih;;;;ln this genus of flies

iaintlvaur?.a*itrr'g."v;aor.o-pr";;;i;"-branes

dut yellow,il%:?r3iflt*l
ish mark on the sid"e-piecesih;;;;orar
posrnotum
just "in front-of the^il'dihalteres' Halteresdark b;w;,.
"i ;1r;somewhatyerowish. Legswith thecoxredustedwith erevl remainder irr"
r.gr;;.t"i;;;ffi.'
win** whitish
hvaline,the costari"a"J"u."riri;;il;"1"t brighter;g.tigm_asmalr,daik brown;a paler brown cloud at theoi-d";;tor,
extendinq down
indistinct""di"u-. uroigc;;;J';r."t;;;".;".;
veinsblackl,r"nutilo'i$l" 4:*_ydi
g'o'p ni;;';' ilti"# ;gl t*tg"l?l"llJ:"ir",'g*'ii',; h# ;; ;-'f M,';;".;i6

brack; raterar margins
paler'--,^3?.9*en-greyish
rn some specimensa broad, interrup"tea,of,the tergites very narrowlv."rriut"rur^"orulg"-y"uowstrip-e
on either side of-the mid-dorsal-iii":^"iur;"
hypop.ygium(Pl. III, fis. 28) ouuarut", ilre;;;;"i';"rgi"-#igE^;;;;ii; with the ninth tersite
deep, u._shaped,
median notlh, the'lateral i"b;;il;;;;rv'tru*neated, nr,"ri.pi"urose, the outer
lateral.an
gle_r1irh

a t-ig.
t""i poi"iii;-ff ;1r" r;t ;;;;t;' ;#J#;
apperdag8
26.7 *i""glt"-o'urrgh".thatis proau."fiHtf ftf,Tfrl
ipt. iii,
pointat the rip: t"i"^:._tl!.'14f;frilrcg"",nttinir"a"uri"i-it. rip produced
into a short beak; pleural sutureiather-iong;";lGfi;;#";

curvedslighily

Crane-flies

11 cdorsad. Eighth sternite with the caudal margin broadly concaye, the lateralangles bearing small tufts of hairs.
The female is similar but of a less heavy build; the abdominal tergites
have the same orange-yellow stripes on either side of the broad median area,
these most conspicuous on segments three to five where they appear as bright
triangles.
Locality: Holotype, cr, Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories, July 1-14,
1916 (F. Johansen). No.425. Allotopotype, e, July, August, 1915. No. 823.
Paratopotypes, five d, 9, Nos. 419,429, July 1-14, 1916; Nos.824, 825, and827, July-August, 1915.
This interesting Arctic Nephrotoma belongs to the same group as the
Palaarctic N. pratens'is (Linnaus) and N. zior (Riedel) and the N. Ttenumbra
Alexander from the high mountains of Northeastern North America. I haveseen specimens of a species of this same group from Greenland that are close
to pratensis but seem to represent a new specles.
Genus Tipula

Linnreus.

TipulaL.rnntts; SystemaNatura, edition10,p. 585; 1758.
The present collection included seven species of this genus, the only described one being the common and apparently widely distributed Tipula arctica
Curtis. I expected lhal T. pratorum Kirbyl would be found amongst thematerial but such was not the case, there being no species having the antennal
scape yellow. The only speciesin this collection with any yellow on the antenna
is T. diflaao which does not agree at all with Kirby's rather unsatisfactory
description.
Tipula johanseni, n. sp.
Antennee black; head grey, along the inner margin of the eye broadly paler;thoracic dorsum with four dark brown stripes; wings with the tip of vein
.R2pale, subatrophied; crossvein zn obliterated by atrophy.
Me r , n. - Lengt h, 1 1 .8 mm.; w i n g , 1 2 .4 mm.
Palpi black. Frontal prolongation of the head dark grey, the nasus short,blunt. Antennre (Pl. II, fig. 15) black; first segment of the scape relatively
short, not as long as the first flagellat segment; flagellar segments rather elongated, the basal swelling oval, shorter than the remainder of the segment.
Head dull grey, paler along the inner margin of the eyel sides of the vertex
with scattered long, coarse bristles.
Thoracic dorsum dull grey with four dark brown stripes, the median pairnarrow, separated from one another by a broad stripe of the ground colour.
Pleura dark grey, the dorso-pleural membranes dull yellowish. Halteres rather
long, brown, the knobs still darker brown. Legs with the coxe dull grey andprovided with long pale hairs; trochanters black; remainder of the legs broken.
Wings light grey, the costal and subcostal cells a little more yellowish; stigma
brown; an indistinct dark cloud at the tip of Rs; veins dark brown; venation(Pl. I, fig. li) tip of vein Bz pale, subatrophied; crossvein m obliterated orn e a rl y s o. .
AbdorYrinal segments blackish, the caudal and lateral margins broadly
paler; hypopygium yellow. Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite (Pl. III,
fig. 32) not prominent, the sides oblique, the caudal margin very deeply split
by a V-shaped median notch that extends almost to the eighth tergite, thelobes thus formed long, subacute. Ninth pleurite extensive, subtriangular,
the caudal angle extended out into a short blunt point; outer pleural appendage
not prominent, cylindrical to slightly flattened, with long golden hairs; innerpleural appendage greatly compressed. Ninth sternite profoundly incised beLFauna Boreali-Americana,Insecta, p. 310; 1837.

*

12c

Canad,ian Arctic E rped,iti,on,1g 1g-l gneath by Y-shapednotch, b_e-nga_th
the margin of the eighth sternite a smail-a g_gldenbrush of long
hairs.' Eighth slernrte unarmed.
Localrt'y: troroty-pe,a,,Bernard harbour, Irlorthwest rerritories,
July 10,1916(F. Johansen).-Xo. ZiS.
similar to T. aperta Alexander (imperfec.taArerander, preoccupied)ofLabrador in the open'cerlfi;rst.M2,t"t ai.ti"."t,i" trr" Jrriiir6rrtar
prorongationof the head,the uniformlv.Qart<u1t""1*, tnu nir"r.i.iitr;;'h;;"r*and abdomen,
gt-c.. In apertathe tip of .8, persis.tsfor'its enii;;,tdi["r"a"trr"p"ii"LMr il.verI much longer than' in the present species.
"ir.iiThis interesting speciesis dedicaledto ti;-;;ll;ctor, Mr.
F. Johansen.
Tipula diflava, n. sp.
General eolourationgrey; antenne black, the-se_cond.
segmentabruptly
yellow; abdominaltergiteJorangewith 1h.""-nroua
Lr""r. .i.ip"s; wings cloudedwith brown and erey;*male..hyp-opygiu--wittr
trr"urg", the caudal
margin deeplynolcied"ntr,?*irf";";;iiffi;;;;;?il'atthe baseof thenotch.
-eaiairl'-i,idTith
Mer,p.-Length, 14 mm.; wing, 14.1 mm.
Frrrer,p.-Length, 20-22 mm.; wing, lZ .2_1g.3 mm.
Palpi black. Frontal prorongation
91 1n.'head brack, the nasus elongate.
Antenne (Pl. II, fig: 16)- witli the firstscapal ;"g*;";' narrow basallv.
enlarseddistallv. blaik, y"tto*i.h u[ in" a.pex;..segment
two i;Tl.;;; dfililr;
black, the flageirarsegmentswith rhe basafswelrin;with about four"Head;;;;t^;;tconspicuous
bristles.
blu;k, ;;rk;rey pruinose.
Thoraxsrev.the mesonotar
praescutim'*itt.ttt."" broaddarkergrey.stripes,
middte,oneiltit bv a Ii;;;f1[."g.;^a-.orour;hairs on tne rnoracrcrnterll:
spacesshort, pale.not conspicuous. Ealteres yellow, the r.nousd";k il;;;;;;;
apicesa lir,tl-ebrighter.. i*gi *iirt 1ti*""o** dark grey;
trochantersbrown:

broaflytippJ *iin*'br";k,"tt-rri$'""a
ir.Jffi;. ;;;#:{:,T1: !lgy"i:.nyeilow,;:n,*si:l; :,,A*
il
tlif
,t
*"
i" brownishgiey,i_rterrupt"edby".,-ln,"n?, ;fi ijl"#Tlj
i,ilffii:apextit,?,'sector;of the wing."if*[l;h l;;;r;dhyaline;conspicuous,
brownishgreycioudsof cellM and.inctudingmosrot'clit il,; upi.*i"tt"s ""i"'c;,'i;;il;;id.ii"';;,i?,,Aof rh;;;;i;Sltl-t+Iilil,'#lr%ilt" the patteriis the sameL"i'purtr;";;;ii;;?Fi."r, o*. o;,iraltein

Abdomen with the first tergite brack;- secondto sixth orange,
with threebroad black stripes,a narrow m6dian o"",'n.ouJ"rifi ;;i;.;ind'on'theand two substripes;
ru"Jui *u.gi";-;t";h"[;;t;;i*it" be confluent
JlF*ttnterrupting
the orang-e;.terminal iegments ta.gely biactoi.ru i"t"."r";ili;;ot the tersite pale vellowish; hvnooiEirrm.r.nor-Ity
utu.t iitt;' .l;;;l;;.'l;;;;i;(.pi.rii, fii:fii*ii-r, ir,J"i"lrr'i-rglt"(pr.rrr, fig.83)
Pll:5:, Mqlehypopygium

pifS.t"*t*:i,*.:trill
ffl#i:-.'f.,-XLilTJ,*if
qT-f[l*lr+"it*ffii"ry:i'",,q.1,tt*i:;i:1f**;ffifiir"ilj*h-:l:i;lTJ":lJjiJ:#ln"ti[""Ji"t"'a'nextensivebrade,;flJfl'lftiif,lfl lf,'J:;il$i'.it"""r""ppb"Jug"

The femaleis similar-but rarger; valves of the ovipositor slender,
elongate,
acicular, not at all like the arcti'catype wterelrrl-i"igrr';;;".
are flattened.

H?ff;;..."t"with the outermarginibothedand rhe ;i;r;i"ur"".

il";;;;,^. -Irg-calit-V:Holoty_pe,d, Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories, July 12,l9L5 (F. Johansen). No'.790. Alrotype,q, Herscheri.iu"J, ?"r.;; 'T;;.i't";;;'"i[i]be-g.

July lel..

No.838. paratype,e, #tih'ti,L;]i;;il;.

Crane-fl,ies

13 c

Tipula arctica Curtis.

,p.::,:;*lyt:L1Xil"ff,i"*lt**:ti*ly^lt?:Huiilr{.
"*,1'ofi?,"1ffifi""#:'ii",u"u
Mer , p. - Lengt h, 1 3 _ 1 7m m ,; w i n g ,l B .b _ 7 2 .5mm.
Fnlrer,n.--Length, 20_2I .5 mm.; *ir*,
16_17mm.

ff#nl?i1r"+:Ti:ii"lqli*,ul
3l#i.i;'#\}j:ffi.-u,r".tiu,,'il;flhtffi:i,i#tif?ff ,:19;tii"lti*lti{*J.f;Tfr1

grey.

dull grey with three broad blue_"Orffi.:""ttalTraescuturnifd".r,"J,ffi:_".:tru,Iimii,*.5'*,#*l"iilh#;",';i::H:'ffTllfiJ'ril#fityu€fi"eth";'.ffi
lt"Jlili:'AXffi*,'irtf;

ft;#fx;t"f."l*Jt*::1"#,lli
Ftr-,T,i,o1Hx*1"*ti-i",1$ll'dff-$,

rtryiih*{l,;_:1'ig*5h}tg
of the wings; venation fft. i, fit. 10i"^,*',"*o*i,T't?iir?,:;1,'i"llf
ili,3,i?.t'ff
5a,,"TJ?,|tn*l:.ii,xyTl{Tflj.l};;';il;i.i,j,fii:f,1u]"h;:-{:,*-,mrJ"*r*'.".
l*[:.lrr*qydiffisegmentsof theabdomen_areverynarrowry_;+i,iai.iiir;ri*""{t'i3oT,?,J"rl}fjiilir"rt4;E:'#ii#:fr
i"';fi;';;effi!
JnillT*,5
ff;i:Y"t""'rs"#"Hf-lfft"i"|T,."1#To;",l3lli'lrlii".t*r"j""ir,".
r.,1,".
*i!r,-i";;;;n;"nr""t(PlateIII, fig. BZ).

otu"$lfrrt?Trlti..iiiimilar

to the malein most.re.sqects,
but the abdomenisj:.Xt*iJ""T,hiT,:T
fr
S13#ity{il1*'ilr'-ti-r"v*4':HEftaentris;a",i,r.r,i""ffil}:lell:iiil:']r$l}rlni.3."i",n*"";tll*.
";hi"j;tr'.
ao,Ji"?;5;---#;
nrt-E*
i0f,1",i:'ffit"f,i"J:l;i?
n;i;"sti,o,,t"tilt,ff"...1i*,iuti
ff,*:ii"i.ji' [l]j
""t
",.
g"oup
"*
ofspeci"s,actcuiai^trrJp"ri.'r".-i"g*"J"uii.if'&roorgu,(pr.IrI,

ffi:ilftspeciesinthecoue
ctionincruding""".$T:a;firlTr?f:t#l*l*1Y,mg,1"d,H'"1tr5ldir1,
t""*tlfjl-l;:il,ii,i.T::-**f'^"trt"flix;ii,li$i""r,il."JtI"f,iil.ait?#*;.:JiH\:lis:TF:i,J,]"fe,xos'rzaa,
ifn,i{[ fz,]idi',"#"i \!,l%?ie,,"rtbf;i"
T:'fuxi;ii
je%,$ilii#tqti*;;i,:;^;,:f_$iqi1-*,ri?iUnless stated otherwise the material* was taken by Mr. Johansen. pupa
arepi+nedwith Nos.IgZ, tgg,
gil.
The immaturestages 'tni.
""4 i"t..u.t
pages18;;a ft ,; j;, ; h ;,"f ;;;; i irils,:;??r";t{

"

;;;;

#1t,,l?,Jr,Ho.?*.:"

14c

Canad,ian Arctic E rpedition, 1I 13-1I

Most speciesof the geuts Tipulo hold the wings outspread or divaricate irr
a position of rest. Apparently but few hold them folded incumbent over theabdomen. Two excellent photographs by Mr. G. H. Wilkins, taken at Bernard
h?rbour in July, 1915, show that T. arctica falls in this latter group of species.
These illustrations show the female fly crawling about over the Arctic vregetatidn, possibly searching for a place in which to oviposit. (Plate VI).
Tipula hewitti,

n. sp.

General colouration grey; mesonotal prrescutum with three broad brown
stripes; halteres tipped with yellowish orange; legs with the femora dull brownish
yellov, broadly tipped with dark brown; wings very indistinctly marked withgreyish clouds; male hypop{gium with the ninth tergite very nairowly notched
medially, the lateral lobes almost contiguous.
Me r,n. - Lengt h, 13 m m .; w i n g , 1 5 h m .
Palpi black. Frontal prolongation of the head short, dark greyl nasus.
broad, prominent. _Antennie black, the fiist segment of the scape dnsied rvith
grey; flagellum_bro\en. Head grey, the disk of the vertex more brownishl
vertex produced cephalad- betrveen the antennal bases into a flat tonsue that ii
deeply split by a median €lroove.
Mesonotum grey, the prescutum with three dark brorvn stripes, the micldre
one very broad in front, rapidly-narrowed to near the suture, indistinctly split
by a grey median vitta; lobes of the scutum with a linear brown line. Fte'ura
grey, the dorso-pleural membrane dull brownish. Halteres brownish vellow.
the knobs dark brown tipped with dull yellowish orange. Legs with th"e coxa
gley; trochanters dark brown; femora{u_ll yellow, the tips broadly dark brown;
tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Wings dull grey; the costal ancl subcostal cells{Lore yellowish; stigma brown;a yellowish spoi beyond the stigma in cell second,,R1;indistinct Crg{.clouds. along vein Cu; ienaLion: petiole 6f cell M1 short;crossvein m-cu obliterated by the fusion of Cu on Mtjr.
Abdomen dark greyish black, the termina-l tergites ringed with paler,the.lateral_ryargins
indistinctly paler. Male hypopygium with ttre hinttt
tergite (Pl. III, fig. 36) _large,subquadrate, the caudbl margin nearry transverse
wit! a, very narro-w median notch, the adjacent lobes slightly produced caudally
at theirinner angle and almglt t_o_uchilsone another. Ninth pleurite complete;outer. pleural. appendacg. (Pl.- II-I, fig. 30) elongate-oval, the apex brbadlyro.unded_,
the basal two-thirds dusky, t[e apical thiid yellowish. Ninth sternite
with a deep median notch.
Locality: Holotvpe, cr, Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories, July 1-r4,
1916 (F. Jo hans en) ." Nb. 4 rS.
. .I- take.grea! pleasure.in dedicating_this ppecies !o Dr. c. Gordon Hewitt,
the Dominion Entomologist, to whom I am indebted for many favours.
Tipulasubpolaris,n. sp.

Me r,n . - Lengt h, 13. 5 m m .;w i n g , 1 3 .6 mm.
very simila-r to T. hewitti, but the male hypopygium is. In_.most resp_e_ctsq}ite different. unfortunately the type is badly discoloured. Tte a""te""a(Pl. II,
4g.-ts) hav-e the flagellum black, the individual segments moderately
elongated, the basal enlargement being about half as long"as the rest of thegeqpent. Tibial spurs long. _and slender. Basal abdominal tergites withindications.of.orang.e on the sides of the median black line. Male hy'popygium
yith the_ninth-tergite (Pl. III, fig.38) black, the caudal margin wiih d,"b"roadu-shaped notch. Nint_h pleurite complete, black, broadly- margined withyellowish; g,uter pleural appendage-s-ubelongate, narrowed iowardthe
apex,
dusky basally, passing into rather bright yellow beyond.

Crane-fl.ies

lE c

Locality:.Ilolotype, d, B_ernard harbour, Northwest Territories, July.
August 1915 (F. Johansen). No. 826.
This species is certainly close to T. hew,itti, but I cannot make the twoagree. unfortunately each species is represented only by the unique male
type and I do not care to remove the abdomen to submit the male senitalia tothe critical study that some day may be necessary. More materiJl from the
Arctic north-west would probably decide the status of these two specieswhich
are closely allied but which certainly appear to be distinct.
Tipula besselsoides, n. sp.
Gcneral colouration-grey; antennre rather short, black; body clothed r,vithconspicuous-erect hairs; femora light yellowish, tipped with black; ninth tergiteof the male hypopygium with a small, IJ-shaped notch, thc lateral iobes touncl'ed.
Me r, n. - Lengt h, 1 2 mm.;w i n g , 1 5 .5 rn m .
. Palpi .black. {to-"@l p,rolongation of thc head greyish black; nasus prominent.
(Pl. II, fig. 19) black; first segment of the scape long'and-Antennre
slender, clothedwith numerous_outspreadinghairs; flagellar segmenti very ihort,the basal swelling of the indivitlual segmenti being about equal to the remaindei
of,the- segmelt.
broad, eyes rather sma1l, rviclely separated; vertical
tubercle low; head-Itead
dark grey with scattered setigerous punctuies.
Thorax dark grey, the pr:escutum with thrce indistinct, darker grcy stripesl.
thoracic interspaces with an abundant coarse, black hair. Halteres cluti
brownish. yellow. L_egswith ,the coxe grey clothctl with numerous long palehairs as in besselszo.s.; trochanters daik; femora light brownish yellow,^thetips broadly black; tibire light brown, the tips broadlyblack; tarsi dark brown.
Wings^nearly hyaline,- the subcostal cell more yellor,vish; stigma brown, oval;
apex of the wings a little darkened;veins dark brown; oblitcratlve streak cxtendl
ing from before the stigma into cell Ma; vcnation: crossveinm-cunot far bevondt h e fo rk of M .
Abdomen- dark gre.y,the s,egmentsconspicuously ringed with pale yellowish;
l.g!es__o_f
the hy.popygium yello.w. Male liypopygiurn witn tne ninih tergite(Pl. III, fig. 39) rather extensive, the caudal margin somewhat rounded andwith a deep, u-shaped, median notch; at the inncr-margin of the lateral lobes
a small tubercle; entire sclerite black, clothed with numerous short, appressedhairs; suture between the tergite and sternite rvell-dcfined. Ninth-pleurite
sma l l ,_ i n c om plet e,t he s u tu re i n d i c a te d o n l y b c n e ath; outer pl eural appendage(Pl. III,-fig.31),a small, suboval flattened lobe, pale brownisli yellow,iLe outerface with abundant long _pale hairsl inner pleural appendage jnt. fif , fig. 42)
elo_ngate,clitinized, at the base a rounded knob clothed with long,' dJiicate
p-alehairs, the outer mar_ginwith four stout bristles. Penis-guard a long, straightchitinized point, gradually narrowed from the base to the aiute apex.
_^ Lgjality: Holotype, a, Berriard harbour, Northwest Territories, July 1-14,
1916 (F. Johansen). No. 422. Paratopotype, a. No. 417.
This species bears a strong superfi.cial resemblance to T. besselsiostensa^cken in the grey colouration with conspicuous long, erect pile; the legs aredifferently coloured and .the hypopygium irf the male is very difierently*con"superstructed in the two species-. It also resembles Stygerop,isparrii (Kirby)
ficially in colouration and the erect pile, but the verticillate antennre and nearlv
hyaline wings of the present species-offereasy points for separation.
Tipulasubarcticar

n. sp.

_ _R-elated to T. pribilofensis Alexander; general colouration dark; abdomen
reddish brown with a dark median stripe on both the tergites and sternites;
ninth tergite of the male hypopygium prominent with flattened, acute, laterai
arms; eighth sternite produced caudad into a broad, flattened, shovel-like,m e d i a n l obe.

16c

Canad,ian Arctic E apedition, 1I 13-18

Mer,s.-Length, 12.5 mm.; wing, 14 mm.
Head discoloured. Antennre broken.
Pronotal scutum dq,1k,!h9 scutellum dull yellowish. Mesonotal prrescutum
dark colo-ured, almost black in the type, but badly discoloured, the thoracic
stripes, if present normally, being obliterated; normal specimens are almost
certain to be very_dark g_Ley. Pleura blackish, grey pruinose; dorso-pleural
membranes dull yellow. Halteres brown, the knobs darker. Legs wiih thecoxre black, grey pruinose; trochanters brown; femora reddish brown, the tins
narrowly and indistinctly- darke-ned; tibie brown, the apices blackened; taisi
dark brown. Wings nearly hyaline, the costal and subcoital cells concolourous
with the rest of the.wing; veins. brow!; wings in the vicinity of the stigmal
region injured; venation:.R2 persistent for its entire length; the m-cu cros#ein
inserted just beyond the fork of M. The fly is full-winged.
Abdominal tergites reddish brown with a broad, black, median stripe;
ninth tergite black; sternites dull brown with an interrupted blackish medianstripe. Male hypopygium.with_ th-e ninth tergite (Pl. III, fig. 41) very large
and prominent, black, chitinized, the caudal margin with an acute, V-shape"d,median notch, finely denticulate, the lateral angles produced far caudad into
flattened ears. Ninth pleurite incomplete, the suture indicated beneath, anacute dorso-iaudal arm of the pleurite runs beneath the tergal lobes. Eiehlh
sternite with a broad, shovel-shaped, median lobe extending caudad and doiiad,
its caudal margin evenly and gently notched and provided with short, delicate
hairs. Eighth tergite completely concealed beneath the seventh terqite.
_^_.!gca!it-V: Holotype, cr, west of Kongenevik, Camden bay, Alaska, July 4,1914 (F. Johansen). No. 442.
This interesting new species is related Lo T. pri,bi.tofens'isAlexander fromthe Pribilof islands off the western coast of Alaska. It'is an entirelv distinct
species,-beingfull-winged and the male hypopygium quite differently co"nstructed
although both specieshave the curious spoon-like elongation of the eighth sternite.
I have seen another speciesof the same group from Kamchatka, eaitern Siberia
T ipula kamchatkenszsAlexander.
Very recently I have received from Prof . Hine another specimen in muchbetter condition. This specimen may be considered as paratypical and thefollowing additional charactersshould be noted:
Male:-Lengbh, 14 mm.; wing, 13 mm.
Frontal prolongation of the head dark purplish brown above, more yellow
laterally. Antennre rather long, the scape a very little paler than the dark
lrow_nlph black flagellum; flagellar segments rather deeply incised beneath.
Head light.grey, a small brownish blotch on the disk of the vertex. Eyes small;genre prominent.
.. - Mesonotal stripes very indisiinct, brown, ground-colour of the mesonotum,
light-grey. Pleura light grey, the dorso-pleural membranes light 5'ellow.
Paratype, a, Katmai, Alaska, July, 1917 (J. S. Hine).
Specimenin the collection of Prof. Hine.

Family RHYPHID,{.
Subfamily TRICHOCERIN,O.

GenusTrichocera Meigen.
Tri,chocera
Meigen;Illiger'sMagazine,vol. 2, p. 262; 1803.
At the present time this genus of flies offers almost insuperable taxonomic
difficulties. Some twenty-five or thirty species have been proposed, but thatvery many of these are synonyms of others is unquestioned. It seemsnow thatthe only hope of straightening this apparently hopeless tangle is for some
Journal of the New Yowk Entomological Society, vol. 26, p. 72: 1918.

Crane-fl,ies

17cEuropgql student to critically.study the existingtypes and comparethe authenticated Palearctic specieswith a great seriesrio*'a.me.i.;";;'d elsewhere, if
this is, done .it. qay be that the correct synonymy can be determined. It is
scarcelypossiblefor an American worker to attempi tt e proutern,ui i"u.t ;;;;
present European conditions, chiefly becauseof the mbo.riniUtv
of studvinE
the tvpes of the Europeanspeciesstiil existantand the
Jiffi.ilrtv
ing authentically"da;d"i "td.i"l;d.i;.; ih; E;;;;;;;.specimensof the puropean"?*e_dspecialists,apparently,
being as much in doubt .'on."rni'tg ih" trr,. status of
the group &s are the American workers.
until a Yery recenbdate the genusTrtchocera,together with the related
Agnuslschnothrir Big_o\ {rom cape Horn, was includJ,l u. u memtrer of the
Tipuli_dtrilie, Limnophilini. A criticar study of the imrnaiure.tug", ry ,lorrarrn.
sen, Keilin. de.Meijere, Malloch, and olhers has shownthe uttei i-possibiiiiv
ol such:,n assrgnmentand it seemsbetter to give it subfamill, ,urrk i" tt"r:family Rhyphidre.
Trichocera sp.
The_present colleetion included three specimensof rrichocera sp., from
Bernard harbour,_N-orthwest
j;il;;;;;
re*itories, Juneig, 1g1b,coilect"A' biF.
two males,Nos. 1301and 1302and a female,No. 1B0bD.
flruerunn Srecps.
The pre,sentcollection of CanaclianArctic crane-fliesincluded a surprising
amount of life-historv material. This wasof very great interesi si.tceou, too*ll
edgeof the younger stagesof any Arctic crane-fliesis almosb
C;i;;tunately,-v-ery little of the material had""gligibr".
reared u"J."o"i.querrtly-thebeenplacing
9f -thespecieshas been attended with consid"*Uf" ao"tt and difficultv.
it scarcelypays to describeor
1:,1_tyl-"_figure""a.i"r-i";J6;;;;;;
unless they show conspicuouspoints of differencein their structure, hive' apeculiar habitat, or else,as in tfie presentcase,comefro* a tegion *116r"p*.tically nothing is known concerningthe early .tug"g. Th# di"ti. ..u""lni"r,especially,ofthe Tip.uline.
group, aie somelimesaEbeautiiuliypatternedin the
Iarva-.as-they_aredull and obseurein the adult. The biologicuida,tuitrut *"."
suppliedby the collectorare incorporatedwith ea.h speci"slo.rc"rrred.
HEXATOMINI.
In another paper'
yet published,I have endeavoureclbo correlatethe
present classificationof-notitni*,.crane-flies,based'entirelyon a study"t" "J"riAmons
yi,th a critieal.survey of all the immature stagesthat I .ouia"ottuirr.
other things this study seemsto indicate thai the tribe Hexatomini is;;clearly set off from the related groups as a study of tn"-ua"rts alone ";t;;"iA
imply. several of the groups that hi,ve hitherto "b; ;o".ider"d surordinalegroupsof the $enrs L'imnophila,such as Lllomorpha,Lasiomastir,bit;;;"ehr;;ma,.Poecil,ostola,etc., all seemnow to be more pioperly referable'tothe H'exat5mrni, or at feasteloselyallied,toErtgce.rq,
penthopieraietc. The presentspeeies
has not been reared and its true affinities must'be left in doubt, but I believe-that the referencegiven below will be not entirely"r.orr"or..Poecilostola supposition.
is a small group of flies including seyenor eight speciesof the pala,.This
arc[rcregron.qlth representativesoccurring in Japan. - Although no adults ofthls g_roupof flies or,.indeed,gny of its reratives-haveyet bee"ntaken in the
CanadianArctic I feel very litt_lehes,tationin referritrglfi" pr".""t larva to theneighbourhoodof this.genus. It may berongto the sulgi"is piattaarri E[itof the genusLimrwphila Macquart. "Yol. iii-46963-2

18c

Canadian Arctic E rpedition, 19 1S-1I

Locality: Qne lqrgg larva taken in the melted ponds in the tundra at
Alaska, May, 1914 (F. Johansen).^-ljem.arcation_point,
Length,19.5 mm.: diameter.2.4mm.
cylindrical,ihe anteriorsegmentsnarrower,the abdominalsegments,..^. T9lt";ust before the cauda swollen. Body with a covering of short and d"elicate
appressedhairs. Head-capsuleof tLe long narrow structure of the tribe:mandibles(Pl: vr fig. bb) long, sickle-shapedlmaxiila (pl. V. fi;. s+l'"oit}, Tr."
proJecttng
from the oral openingwhenthe headis eompletelyretracted.
l1l:ll"?9 unrform.light
L;olouratron
yellow throughout. spiracular disk (Pl. IV, fis.
44) small,.with four lobes,the lateral and ventral
i;i;;.- i"i;;;l i;;;.;t.-;blunt, the.ventral edgewith an irregyrar rinear brown mark, the outer
:i:it
3,1g
edgewlth a densefringe of long hairs; ventral lobeslongerwith a long, arcuate,
brown line down the inner facle; outer edge.with a aufisei.i&;
il;;;those at the tip being very elongate. Anaigills fo;r,;t;.1, tltint, "tl?"govar.
TIPULINI.
A considerablenumber of_Tip_ulineforms were includecl in the present
one of these,Tipita arcticaCurtis,*;;";;;and the'ge;eric:gll::119".
reterenceof"911"the remainder must be consideredas being somewhat cloirbtfut.
I have studied each of.these specie.s,_however,in-itre hgtri ;i;ild";dg;;lother life-histories,and have piacedthem a. cioselyu. ti" a"tu will warran?.
Tipula atctica Curtis.
T,^ojality:T,arvr-in the ground at Bernarclharbour, Northwest rerritories,
May 27, 1916 (F. Johansen)lA male collectedas a larva on May 27 pupated about June 20. (Rearing
No. 106.)
Lnnv,o. _f,e1gth,23-28 mm.; diameter,about 4 mm.
Mouth-parts with the mentum (see pl. V, fig. b3),^.^_{9rl",cylindrica1.
long and slenderwith a large, blunt, median tooth and two smaller'teeitr -on
either side; directly beneaih'theseiaterarteeth similar .ru-q""i- t;;th' gr;(hypopharynx) visible. Labrum as in pl. y, fig. b2.
chTtotaxy: Dorsal surface, a transverserow of delicate hairlike setre
acrossthe dorsum of the last thoracic segmen_t
and the abdominai-*gm;;i;there being.us-uallyfour of thesepunctur"."onthe firit itr"".&-"ntsoccurrinE
at about midJength of the_seg_me^nts;
on the abdomenthey liJon the posterioi
rrng.ot eachsegment(seePI.v,fig.56);the Iateralpunctuie bearstwo-bristles.
the lnner puncturesa singleseta; they correspondexactly to the conditionof
the ventral segmentsexcept that' -here" the solitary anterior tristle has ;;;.dcaudadinto alignment with the posterior paired bristles. In some there aresupplementarybristles in the same line. ventral surface (pl. v,?
_1"X,.'9u5,
ng.
5.7) srmrlar-jtwo prominent widely sep,arated
setigerouspunctures,eachwith
two long.bristle-likehairs nearer the-cauhal margin"and two other .-uit". u"Jmore delicate bristles.slightly cephaladand closlerto the median line; theseanterior ventral bristles.are seqaiatedfrom one another by a distan." tttuil.
a little less than the distance between them and the lareer posterior brisiies.
on the lateral margln of the segment,there is usually a m"ore'delicatehuit.- --'colouration dull yellow,thelhoracicsegmentswith abundant,tiny, appresseddark hairs that give i.3.ar59,rupp"u*." t? the anterior
ffiJi:---"""ltrr"lobes,'a dorsal. spiracular disk (Pl. IV, fig, 45) sr,rrroundedby six""ashortpair, rather closelyapproximatedmedially, a dorso-lateral,pair and a ve"traipair. The dorsal pair are shorter than the lateral pair and the inner face inmost specimenshas a straight or slightly curved, darl brown, line. The laterallobes are longer and more slender. fhe ventral lobes are short and broad.

Crane-fltes

1g c

The spiracles_are very large and conspicuous, black. In some specimens there
are two black dots just above each spiracle and two somewhat similar dots
below the spiracles and on the ventral lobes; of these markings the ventral
dots are the most constant. Anal gills, four in number, blunt, flesiry.
Pup,n. Male: Length, 18-23 mm.; dorso-ventral depth, 5.8-4 mm.; dextrosinistral width, 3'2 mm. Female: Lensth: 23 mm.; depth and width'4 mm.
Mer,n. (Pl. V, fig. 50): Cololration brown, the abdomen more yellowish,
b.rowli the_ pleural membrane paler; the breathing-horns, appendages, andsheaths dark brown; spines on the abdomen black.
Antennal bases situated on a high crest, elevated above the level of thebreathing--horns. Pronotal breathing horns'not conspicuous, short, directedslightly forwards and slightly diveigent. on the pronotum a small knob
just before the breathing horns; on the prrescutum trvo widely separated tubercles
and just behind these but nearer the median line, two small-er tubercles, thespac-e.
between these tubercles connected by a row oi crenulations. Leg-sheaths
reaching to
middle of the third abdominal segment; wing-sheaths"reaching-thethe base of thesecond abdominal segment.
Abdominal tergites: segments l and 2 with a small tuberele on the eaudal
ring on either side of the median line; segment 3 with two tubercles on eitherside, the inner one largest; segments 4 to 6 with three or four tubercles on eitherside, theinner one largest; segment 7 narrowed, with two lateral spines and two
separated blunt tubercles; segment 8 narrowed, the lateral angles ending in
powerful _tubercleswith sharp points. Pleural integument coa.sJly punctu'red,ol the edge nearest the sternites with a single shaip spine on the caudal ringof segment 1 and on segment 7 and two, one on each iing of segments 2 to 6I
sternites armed with cilclets of powerful spines on the cauldal ring, on segment
3 there being two, small and widely separated; on segments 4 to z theie are
four suchlarger and rathef approximatedl segment g rounded,indistinctly -sp-ines,
bifid, each side u'ith q, small, acute spine at the ti[.
..-^ Fplr,s.Lp. (Pl. V, fig. 51) iimilar to the male above describecl,the sexual
differences being as follows: Sheaths of the tergal valves of the ovipositor
elongate. pow-erful,Iying parallel to one another, transversely wrinkled; sheathsof the sternal valves of the ovipositor tiny, Iocated at the apex of the eighth
segment.
Mr. Johansen has recently called my attention to the description and^figures of the immature stages of this speciesby Dr. T. c. Nielsen.l As there
are some discrepancies between the descriptions and figures of the material
from northeast Greenland and that from the Canadian N6rthwest. it is nossiblet hat mo re t han one s pee i e si s .i n v o l v e du n d e r th e n a me of Ti pul a ai cti ca.'Stygeropis,

possibly parrii(Kirby).

Locality-: Melted . ponds in the tundra at Demarcation point, Alaska,
May 1914 (F. Johansen).
Tw-o smaller specimens measure as follows: length, 20 to 24 mm.; diameter,^ _2. 2 to 2 .5 m m .
A larger _l.arya(No. 5a), length, 38 mm.; diameter, 8.7 mm.
For---cylindrical, moderately elongated. Head-capsule with the antenne.
long and slender, from three to four timls as long as thick, cylindrical, yellowish.
Chretotaxy: Setre-very weak and {elicate, on the thoracic segrnents beittg.
tiny lateral-hairs. Abdominal tergites (Pl. Y, fig. b8) with no seta oi the anterioi
ring; oq thp posterior ring with the following bristles: a small lateral bristle
nearest,the false suture; just before the caudaf margin of the segment a more orless impressed line, at its outer end with two or--three brist6s arisins fromindividual punctures; on either side of the reddish dorso-median vitta a prJminenttThe Insects oi the "Danmark"p p.57-9, Pl, v i i , f i g s . l - 7 .
Vol. iii-46963--2]

Expedition: Meddelelserom Grdnland, vol. xliii, Oopenhagen,1g10

20c

Canad,ian Ar ctic E rpedition, 1I 13-1I

seta directed proximad;on the penultimate and antepenultimate segmentsof the abdomen the bristles are very long and delicate. The sternites (Pl.
V, fig. 59) similar, but the median bristles lie further cephalad and there isa smaller tiny bristle in its individual puncture just proximad of it; these medianbristles are almost in alignment yrith the lateral bristles. The caudal bristles,
three in number, are in allgnment and rather widely separated.
Colouration above dark brown, the thoracic region more reddish; a broad,conspicuous dorso-median stripe reddish brown;
lower surface greyish witha reddish caste. Skin very smooth without tubercles or roughenings of any
sort. The sutures between the individual segments are very well-marked but
not conspicuously constricted, at about two-thirds the length of each abdominal
segment with a pseudosuture dividing the segment into two rings or annuli.
Spiracular disk (Pl. IY, fig. 46) surrounded by six very long, finger-likelobes, of which the ventral pair are slightly the longer. All the lobes are marginedwith dark brown and here develop long fringes of delicate pale hairs which are
longest at the tips of the lobes, much shortened toward the base of the lobes;
down the middle of the inner face of each lobe there is a long, narrow, black stripe
extending from the tip back toward the centre of the disk, this mark longest on
the ventral lobes; the lateral marks on the lobes are all expanded at theii innerends nearest the spiracles, the outer margins of the ventral lobes united with one
another across the disk, between the spiracles, by a narrow, arcuated line.
Spiracles large. Anal gills short but slender, inconspicuous, the inner pair verysnort.
From its great resemblance to the larva of Stygeropis fuscipennis Loew ofnortheastern America I would refer this larva to Stygeropi,swithout question.
Which species it represents is somewhat doubtful, but very probably either
parri'i or parrioides. The Tipula No. 1 of Malloch's preliminary classificationl
is Stygeropis fusc'ipennis.
Tipuline

No. I (Stygeropis, supposition).

Locality: Two larvre from a lake near Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories, June 25, 1915 (F. Johansen).
Two additional specimens from Demarcation point, Alaska (melted ponds
in tundra, May, 1914. No. 7).
Length, 20'5-23 mm.; diameter, 1.8-2 mm.
_ Form.cylindrical, moderately elonga,ted,the anterior end abruptly tapering,
the posterior end gradually tapering to the cauda; caudal lobes capable of close
application to one another along their inner faces, protecting the spiracles.
Chatotaxy: Dorsal segments (Pl. Y, fig. 60) with the setreall on the posterior.
ring, an anterior lateral pair located in the lateral yellow line, consisting of two
punctures, th-e more lateral one of which has a tripartite bristle, the proximal
one simple. Nearer the caudal margin of the segments three long lateral bristles
in alignment and rather widely separated, the distal one located near the inner
margin of the yellow stripe, the inner two closer together located in the black
lateral stripes, the innermost on its margin. In alignment with these three andlocated nearer the mid-dorsal region of the segment,one on either side of the apexof the shield-shaped dorsal mark, are two long bristles. All of these caudal
bristles are in alignment with the caudal sete of the ventral segments.
Lateral seta: On the dark pleural stripe a group of thiee small, stout
bristles on the posterior ring, arranged in a trianglel a single, longer hair'on theaqterior ring of the segment, much closer to the ventral edge than to the dorsaledge of the stripe.
. S!gr1q,l segments with the sete on the apical ring of the segment arrangedY, fig.61; there are two anterior sete on each side, and closer to the
1. Tl!
1Mall-o.c[of Diptera basedupon larval and pupal"4 prelimin-aryclassifi-cation.
-{. _&,
characters,"
BuII.
IllinoisStateLaboratoryof NaturalHisiory,vol. 12,fp. 1gg,200,figs.;19i7.

Crane-fl,ies

2l c

median line;of these the distal one isthe longest, the proximal one usua'y
very
short;therearenosteri;;;;;;";";iti;;'.;;;,'iii'i*oproxrmarbeinu
llrreelongestandin theirown punctures,tn"
i"ri'io'.i,ior,,
ryingcloset6!.{1i,ismau
t"."i"i'i'^i,'".y"_"1,{iJ#rpunctu.*o,.,themar[inorthe:HJIHXl#:?t;Hif"?"acolouration: Dorsum (Pl. v, fig. 60) dull yellow.
Just inside the broad
lateral strine and separatedi-.ii''nra..na..o#bright yorio* line is a narrowdark brown line. alm'ost-."^tiirii"r. #,it Jigr-,tlv'i"i.;?;;,fi" places; this darkline beginson the mesothorax;;;;;h""i
The dorsumof
the abdomen between ttt"." aurr.".t"r'ip". i"ir," i".i .igi"*t.
.i. lr;;a;;;Jr"y'irru.r."a with dorsal
shields of brown r1lrich ut" tru.tor"tv""r'urgrrr"a;ih;;;t".'b.o*rr,
the narrow.apex of the shielddirectedcaudad;in"." ui"dorsalshields.
the intesument on,either side JJir"r""bo;i';";;;^fTtr,"."*itf, tf,r_"t.ighi'li"f fo* dots in straisht
divereini tines. a', of ii'-."-a"i."'tl#*ii;;;";h?it;'.i"grhe seement.
Pleural iegion'dark brown, very b.oia ;"uui^-i"i;i'"""riri" "tr,o.u.i.
se*ments.
graduallynarrowedand becomingaurriJ,
to*u..i tn" *"J otJn" body, terminatinq
near the anal gills. This.darkfi"*ui".t.ip" is dotted with n.
spots. ventraf su.fa.e
abruptly unJ-.orr.pi.uously risht velTfi:.rousyellowis[
spiracular disk sgrrouna"a rrv .i" l;;-s,"fiil;;r'.?'i"d&,the dorsal lobes
rathertheshortesr.iiir r6rg"""an'"g;.-ii["lrvi"g"p"r",el,the ventral*]rr^whlobes lonsest: ail the
lobes narrowlf margin"? ;iih' ii""fli"a with a srender' black vitta bisecti"gthe in";r'f#''.,t'iie
disk, at the distallga *n31a-J"iiio"'u ]gbe.from the tip inward toward the
tracr.isn'ap".;'ri" apex and rateral
margins

bearronsfringesbf hui., ur"in siiiiiiiiri"tnii""'f;ui..
beingrongesr
towardthe tips of tn""totr*..;;"ftils.sixl
sho.i'u,ri-.uti",slender,incon_
spicuous,the-two lateral pairs'1";;;;i, ?;"inner
Ipair much shorter.

would referarthoughiii; ";,.y{trr:l::",''f.j"yo.!.Ht',"""hifJ,JH,"JIX?T$..tf"T
S?ff;,f;;name. However, the struciur" oi trr"^iurv_aseernsto indicate^ifth" that it is morea s^tvseiopis
thana"i;lir"'".
generic
ll.:P3l^tr.
reference!v"n4rii-i^i.
rs
correctthe larve probably_belong"
to eithels.
p;;;;; oi'5.'iorrrotars.
In the specimens
from"D"ma.;uiio; point, Alaska,the anterior
end of the
body is pale-andthe median a".*irir"i.ras
are continuor. u. a.practicallyun_interrupted dorso-meclia".irlniri *il;1il;:"ff"rd
the posterior
end of each segment;the 1i"","nrv
ru#rJ-io..rF.tlip".
However, thestructureof the spiraculardisk and the-chretotaxy
iili"*'.,,"r1,are entirely th" .u_" and r feer
sure that atl the material p"riui". 6 th;'.r;;-lol.i;^-'-"",In the vial containingihe i;o h."* ito- g"."ourJ
nurbour,
des*ibed. above,
there was an additionut-ri-pJi""^T..i"'irr"t-i.
,ffiil1";il Tipuline No. 3
described
later,

but.t'i Jn"r"r,Jlo*r"il. Because
this isl:ll:llr.l;il;.;t.
specimen
included"in rhe material-lil;';;;"i,i.uiJ
diseussedin thisil;"fftn
Tipuline No. 2.
Locality: Three larva, taken at De

point,Alaska,
May,re14.
melredponds
i" th"iiltf,ri;ona"*i'o-'i"i.t'ri*iair', B'B-8.6mm.;dorso-ventrald"ptil";itl bT::'i'*';N". 1iil'i;il"#;;Bodv moderatery.elongated, form strongly.depressed;

thoracic and firstabdominalsesments
abdominalsegmenrs
3 to 8 wirh
ir*^tl{;;rffi'r"gufur;
a prominent larse consrrietionor;l;ri'i*Bltniras
the Iengthof the segment,the edgesof- tlt iseudorsr;;;"-;t!"!-*t.
prga,r""a r;;";;; to grr" a serrare
appearanceto the margins of the ab?omen;'thi;;di"ririg'or
each sesment
has the serrarionrarseithan-th;;;i;;;;oste.io.
,i'g;; rhrl these arteinate:ngry
ffi IltTfin l:-,?:t,Tl r a;;;;;;f ;i,;';;;,i;TililJi''oau."asrro
"'F

22c

Canudian Arctic E nped,ition,1g 1S-1I. Chatotaxy: Tergites(Pl. V, fig.62) with seta on the posteriorrinE onlv.
thesebristlesshort and weak, the iarginal group rying indr;i;;d;ir-";;;illateral stripe, the outer one far remov-edfrd'm the "intt""t puir. Bristles of thedisk single,one on.either side of the median dorsal stripe. 'iat"tat bristleswith
two on the p-osteriorring, ole ol the anterior ring. Sternites (pl. V, fl;. 6tj
with no bristles on the anterior ringl posteriorrin[ with two bristles on -"ltfr"|
side of the median line and at aboui inid-lengtho"fthe rinq, the distal bristle
longest.. Nearer the posterior margin and_Iying farther tirtud, th;;e ;;i;almost in a, line, rather closelyapproximated6ut"each one in its bwn al.ii".ipuncture, the proximal two longesl, the distal one small and weak.
colouration: A beautiful.larva (pr.
fig. 4r),light yeilo; in colour,
the thorax and lateral margins of the Ix
austyl firr". i^llr;;;t*i.ab.dom"endark-brownstripesonthe dor-um, on_theindividual
segmLnts.rrrpl**r-i;ii;;*
on the anterior,ring the median mark is rectangullt, fr front noi- ultuioi"g tfr"
segm.entpreceding,-connected
at its caudal end with the lateral sttip"* tifri.ft
are dotted with yellow, on^ttre p1o_ximaledge clear-cut, taieraity-t#.i"g i;;;the dusky_ofthe margins of the abdomen; p"osteriorring of
three marks more irregular and diffuse. Sternitesdull y-ellowish"u"ri.dd";;;ilh
witir an indistinct irregulard-uskysquareon the anteriorring, this duskv areawith u" urr"J"aline of four oval spotsacrossthe anterior third"and two l#ser-;ellow blotcheson'l"inej
the posteriortwo-thirds, one on either side oJ theon tne posteriir-medianring of each segmentthe dusky marks are irregular,
shaped'somewhailike anhour-glass.
spiracular-dipk(P]. rJ, fig,.ap).small,surroundedby six small lobes; dorsal
lobes_verysmall but slender,stigntly divergent; laterai a"d ve"tral lobes lonsand slender,in- some the lateral lobes noti,bly'shorter tha" the-ve;;ril ;;i;:inner faces of the lobes unmarked with darker. ventral toneswith; il i"slsensoryb:istles atthe.apex; a singlelong
bristle on the veniral face at uto"i*groupmid-length; lateral lobes with a similarof bristles
tne tit;;J;lglg"r.one on the outer
"ea,
near
the
apei.
Spiraeles*r"url-ria*rv,"p"r"1"a.
,face
Gills six in.number, s,mall,slender,incohspic-uous,
the caudai pair iongest,then^air-witha short lobule on the basal inner side so il appea.stjier6 are'cepha.lic
six gills of which four are long, two short.
I have no idea to which speciesthis
landsome larva belongs. This species
and the last are amongstthe most beautifully
patternedlarvreThat i t;;;;;;;
segn. llhe present speciesexhibits an unuiual degree of depressionfor thistribe of Tipulida-and in somerespectsgives strong i"ndications'ofhow the evenmore aeeentuatedconditions il
t!* cylindrotominre Tay have been t;o;gh;
about. It seemsprobablethat thislarva belongsto the genus ?ipul" *tE*,than to any of the related genera.
Tipuline No. 3.
Locality: Tund_raat Nome, Alaska, August, 1916 (F. Johansen). Three-larva, two large and one smaller specimen.
Two additional badly shrunkenlarva bearing the.following label: ,'T,ipula
larva .c, ab-outone_-fourthinch below the plant-coveringof th"etundra reirna
the winter hggse, C-ollinsonpoint, Alaska, September210,1918.',
Length, 27.5-30 mm.; diameter,4-b mm.
. Form pluTp and robust; colourationbrown,the body clothedwith an abundant appresseddark pubesc_ence,the dorsal ring of each segmentthat t
ine
setr darkest in colour; each segmentis divide-dby 4 or b"pale transverse"ursfalse
sutures so the abdomen.appearsmultisegmented. The true limits of each segment are readily determinedby the caudal row of setre.
,. chetotaxy: Tergites.(PI.v, fig. 6a) with four long, powerfurbristlesin
ahgnment,the median pair closerto one another than eitlier is to the lateral
setal extending proximad from each seta is & narrow, semi-impressedline

Crane-fl.ies

23c

destitute of pubesence; each of the outer setigerous areas bears two closely
approximated sete. Lateral seta two, one on each primary ring at about midlength, the anterior one lying closer to the ventral margin, the posterior one
closer to the dorsal margin. Sternites (Pl. V, fig. 65) with four setigerous areas,
the median pair a little anterior to the posterior pair, one on eithei side of themedian line, each area with two stout bristles. The above pertains to theabdominal segments. On the dorsum and. lateral portions of the anterior ringof the prothorax at about mid-length there are about ten setigerous areas, themedian pair close together and bearing a single seta, the next pair more
widely separated, each with two short seta; the third pair closer to thesecold pair than they are to one another, likewise with two sete, one long
slender bristle and a shorter slender one; lateral sete solitary, long and stout,
two on each side of the prothorax. The meso- and meta-thoraces at about
midlength and almost in alignment have about ten setigerous punctures, theinner six close together and shortest (the innermost simple, the outer two pairs
double)1 lateral bristles longer and more widely separated.
Spiracular disk (Pl. IV, fig. 49) surrounded by six short lobes, not conspicuous. Dorsal lobes short, conical, situated close together on the dorsomedian line, dlvergent apically, broad at the base, tapering rapidly to the acute!!p. Lateral lobes longest, elongate-conical, tapering to the rather acute apex.
Ventral lobes short, broad, and blunt with a broad blackish blotch on the inner
face, in the smaller specimen occurring as two parallel transverse lines beneatheach spiracle. Gills ihort, blunt, dark in colour.
This is probably a species of Tipula rather than the related genus, I{ephrotoma, but the immature stages of the two genera are very similar to one another.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.
Fig. 1. Wing of Dirranomyia olascaensfs, n. sp.
Erioptera (Erioplera) angusttpennis, n. sp.
"r r2.t'..
3.

a a^ a(( <tra a

,, 6.

..

a<a 4a

,,
,,

g.
g.

..
..

,. 11.

.<,, 10.

..

Limnophila (Dactylolabis) rhi.cnoptiloides, n. sp. \Tricg phona breuiJurcata, n. sp.
'1 .
Jrxgxda, n. sp.
Nephrotoma arclicola, n. sp.
(Kirby ).'St[ gero pis-parrii
i. parrxo'rdes,n. sp.
T'i,pula di,flaua, n. sp. (pattern omitted).
T. arcl,ica Curtis.
T. johanseni, n. sp.

EXPLANATIONOF PLATE

II.

12. Antenna of Stggeropisparrii,; basal and apical segments.
13.
S. parri,oides; the same.
"
14.
Nephrotomaarcticola; basal segments.
"
15.
Ttpula johanseni,;the same.
"
16.
T. di.flaua; the same.
",,
12.
T. arcti,ca:the same.
T, subpolaris: the same.
"(( 18.
"19.
T. besseLsoidei,s:the same.
"" 20. Ilypopygium of Tri,cgphonafrigida; pleurite and appendages,dorsal aspect.
2L.
T. diaphana (Doane); the same.
"4" 22.
StAgeropisparrioides,' outer pleural appendage.
"tt
S. parrii,: Lt'e same.
" 23,
S. parrii; inner pleural appendage.
" 24.
"
S, narrioides: the same.
"" 25,
S. parrii; ninth tergite, dorsal aspect.
" 26.
"
parri,oid,es:the same.
27.
,S.
"
"

!'ig.
"
"
"
"u

24c

C anadian Arctic E rpedition,

1g 1 g_1g

EXPLANATIONIII.

OF PLATE

28. Hypopygium oI Nephrotomaarct.icola;ninth tergite, dorsal aspect.
29.
"
1/. arcti,cola;..outerpleural uppeidage.
Tipula hewitti; rhe same.
":: 330.
1.
"
T. besselsoid,es;
the same.
20

',',

JJ.

34.

"

JD.

',',

.JO.

jo.hanseni,;ninth tergite, dorsal aspect.
Tt . auwDa; tne same.

T. atfl,auai!2ly7lT_qg9r;
9r. ninrh tergire;e pt. ninrh pleurire;
9 s. ninth sternite.

T:.'f:hir;::ffi;:rinthtersiterdorsalaspect'

Fig. 3 7 . Hypopygium of T. arctica: inner pleural pppe-ndage.
.J5.
'.',
T subpolari,s;ninth tergitb, dorsa"laspect,.
39.
t . oesseBo,Ldes;
the same.
40. 9vipositor of T. arcttca; femaiesternaf vatves.
41. tlypopygium of T. subarctica;ninth tergite,_dorsalapsect.
t,"
T. besselsoi.d.es;
inner pleural appendi,ge..
43. Oviposiror of T. arctica; dor"al aspedt,.
EXPLANATION";l

OF PLATE

IV.

44. Larva of Prpcil,ostola,supposition; spiracular disk.
45.
r tpuLaarcLLCa:
the same.
46.
".
$ageropis, suppositionl the same.
47.
'.', pnuli,ne No.2; dorsal'aspectof entire larva.
48.
".
TipuLi,neNo. 2; spiraculai disk.
49.
Tipuline No. Bj lhe same.
"
EXPLANATIONOF PLATEV.

EXPLANATIONOF PLATEVI.

Fig 50. Pupa of

51.

53.
54.
tD-

56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
or.
62.
63.
64.
oJ.

Figs. 1, 2.

Female of ri,pula arctica c.oLis (photos. by Geo. H. wirkins)

25c

Crane-flies

Pr,ern I.

i'
il"
M,

Crane-flies of the Ca,nadianArctic Expedition' 1913-16.

26c

Canadian Arctic E rpedition,, 1g 1g_1g\ f fll
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22

Crane-fliesof the banadian Arctic
Expedition,t

1918_16.

27c

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Crane-flies of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913.16.

28c

Canadian Arctic E rpedition, 1g 1g- 1g

Pr,.nrn IV.

pq
49
Crane-{liesof the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913_f6.

29cPr,ero V

$:
54
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Jun\

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Cranc-flies of 1he Canadian Arctic Expedition.

1913-16.