82

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

V . - - N e w or little-known Tipulidm ( D i p t e r a ) . - - X X X V I I .
Australasian Species. By C/~ARLgSP. ALEXANDmt,Ph.D.,
F.E.S., Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst,
Massachusetts, U.S.A.

IN the present paper, a portion of the Australian andTasmanian species of crane-flies belonging to the tribe]-Iexatomini that were taken by Dr. Andr6 L. Tonnoir are
discussed. A few additional specimens secured by Mr. Hardy(in the University of Queensland Collection) and ]Fir. Hill
(in the National Museum, Victoria) are included. The richTonnoir collections have been returned to Dr. Tonnoir, andwill presumably be placed in one of the leading AustralianM[useums. I wish to express my sincere tl~anks to 1Y[essrs.
Hardy, Hill, and Tonnoir for the privilege of studying thisabundant material.
The localities in New South Wales, Victoria, and Tasmania
where Dr. Tonnoir collected have been discussed in a previous
instalment (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 9, vol. xix. pp. 1819, 1927), which should be consulted for further information.
In the present paper and others under this general title,
the writer has adopted the modifications of venation affecting
the radial field, as discussed in detail in other papers now inpress (" The Interpretation of the Radial Field of the Wingin the Nematocerous Diptera," Proc. Linn. Soc. New
South Wales, 1927 ; " T h e Oriental Tipulidm in the Collection of the Indian Museum," Part I., Ree. Indian Museum,
1927).
These papers should be consulted by students
interested in the problem.
TONNOmrLL.~, gen. nov.
Rostrum long and slender, about twice as long as tile headand only a little shorter than the antenna. Antennm ofmoderate length, the flagellar segments cylindrical, withrelatively short and inconspicuous verticils. Vertex at
narrowest point conspicuously hollowed out. Cervicalsclerites conspicuous. Pronotum massive. Pseudosutural
fove~e small, placed far laterad ; no tuberculate pits. Legs
relatively long and slender; tibial spurs distinct. Wings
with Sc long, Sc2 at its tip; Rs elongate, angulated atorigin ; R2+3+~shorter than m-cu ; cell Ra very deep, veins
Ra and R~ lying generally parallel ; basal section of R2 near
the tip of t~'1+~ ; R:+s about one-half longer than R a alone ;cell M1 very deep, its petiole very reduced, subequal to ornew or little-known Tipuli&e.

83

shorter than m ; cell Ist M~ large, its inner end lying
proximad of tim remaining elements of the cord; m-cu
transverse, in alignment with r-m, at a little less than its
own length beyond the fork of M ; anterior arculus lacking.
Macrotrichim relatively sparse and inconspicuous, there
being none on Rs, R~+3+4, or the veins proximad of the cord,
excepting R and the outer ends of the Anal veins. Male
hypopygium massive, the segments fusedinto a ring. Ninthtergite with the median region produced into a flatteneddepressed ledge that is deeply notched medially, the lobes
thus formed being obtusely rounded at their tips. Sternal
region membranous, the median area only slightly produced
into a low lobe. Basistyle short, stout, tumid, the outerface with setae that are longer and ~touter on distal third ;ventro-mesal lace of style with a cushion that is densely set
with short golden set~e ; no apical lobes. Dististyles two,
united at base, the outer style stouter, more flattenedoutwardly. Gonapophyses appearing as powerful chitinizedrods, near the tips a little expanded, terminating in a short,
gently-curved hook. Anal tube conspicuous. Ovipositor
with the valves elongate, heavily chitinized, the tergal valvesmore slender, gently upcurved.
Genotype, Tonnoirella gemella, sp. n. (Australian Subregion).
The present group is named in honour of my friend,
Dr. Andr6 L. Tonnoir, to whom our greatest advance inknowledge of the Nematocera of Tasmania and SouthEastern Australia is due. Tonnoirella should be placed withTinemyia, Hutton, and Rhamphophila, Edwards, among thelower Epiphragmaria. The condition of the rostrum issomewhat intermediate between the two genera named. The
hypopygium is relatively shnple in structure, without theconspicuous outgrowths of the basistyle and nind~ sternite
of Rhamphophila. The venation is characterized by theunusual depttl of the cells beyond the cord, the petioles ofcells R3 and M1 being unusually short. The trichiationof the veins is sparse and inconspicuous.
Dr. Tommir has supplied the following field-notes : - " T h i s I collected on Mt. J~'ield on the slope of the rangethat goes down towards the nearly unexplored part of thecountry extending towards the south-west. I had justarrived on the summit at noon, and the guide took me down
in a deep valley where I expected to find some Blepharocerids.
It was on the down track that this species was so abundanton the flowers of Dracophyllum. I collected the lot that was
submitted to you, noted that there were three specimens
6*

84:

Dr. C. P. Alexander onwith marmored wings and looked for more, but we had to go
on. I had in mind to come back the following day, but itturned so wet during the rest of my stay in the range that I
could scarcely go out of the hut."Tonnoirella gemella, sp. n.
Wings strongly tinged with yellow, the darker patternvery sparse.
Male.--Length (excluding rostrum) 13 ram. ; wing
16 ram. ; rostrum alone 2"5 ram.
Rostrum and palpi black, the former with short erect
black setm. Antennm arising from before the eyes, black
throughout. Head dark grey, the dished-out region of thevertex more yellowish.
Cervical sclerites dark grey. Pronotum dark brown, theanterior notum more pruinose. Mesonotal pr~escutum grey,with four dark brown stripes, the lateral margins of thesclerite similarly dark brown ; scutum grey, the median area
immediately behind tile suture more brownish, the lobes
nearly black; scutellum dark grey, with an impressed dark
spot at base on either side of median line, the parascutella
black ; postnotum black, the sides dusted with grey. Pleura
dark grey, the pleurotergite clearer grey. Halteres yellow~
the base brigilter ycllow~ the knobs dark brown. Legs withthe coxze dark brown, sparsely pruinose ; trochanters obscureyellow, the tips darkened ; remainder of legs brownish black,the femoral bases very narrowly obscure yellow, more
extensively so on the fore femora. Wings with a strong
yellow tinge, the base and costal region brighter yellow;
stigma strongly yellow, the ends brown, the outer end more
extensively so ; an extensive brown blotch at the fork of M,
this preceded and followed by a clear spot; anal angle
narrowly margined with brown ; veins brown. Venation as
described under the generic diagnosis.
Abdomen brownish yellow, the lateral margins of theouter sternites brown; segments seven and eight brownish
black; hypopygium obscure fulvous. Male hypopygium as
described under the gener!c diagnosis.
Hab. Tasmania.
Holotype, ~ , Mr. Field, altitude 3500 feet, December 18,
1922 (A. Tonnoir).
Paratopotypes, 8 d' ¢ , December 18, 1922.
"lbnnoirella gemella marmoripennis, subsp, n.
Female.--Length (excluding rostrum) 16 ram. ; wing
16"5 ram. ; rostrum alone 2'8-3 ram.

new or llttle-known Tipuli&e.

85

Three females in the typical series are so very different
from the males, both in wing-pattern and leg-coloration,that it is difficult to believe that ttie two forms can represent
merely the two sexes of a single species. Until moreevidence is forthcoming, it seems best to apply a separate
subspecifie name to these females, but the possibility of thisbeing a single very variable or highly dimorphic species is
not excluded.
Characters as in typical gemella, differing as follows : .Legs yellow or fulvous-yellow, the femora with a conspmuous black ring that is nearly terminal, the apex beyond
it dark rgd; median portion of femora broadly infumed;
tibial bases and tips infuseated ; tarsal segments brownish
yellowj the tips very narrowly infuscated, the terminal
segments uniformly blackened. In a paratype female thelegs are as in typiealgemeUa, black, but the tips are narrowly
but conspicuously reddish. Wings whitish subhyaline, witha handsome obliquely-banded brown pattern and oeellaterings at the origin of Rs, beyond the arculus and at the ends
of veins Cu 1 t o 2nd A ; the outer oblique band includes thewing-tip, pale brown, margined internally with darker;
the second band includes the outer brown spot of the stigma
and the outer end of cell 1st Ms, pale, the margins narrowly
darker ; the third band is irregular and diffuse, at the cord,
extending from the proximal end of the stigma to m-cu;
anal region broadly suffused. One female has the wingpattern more yellowish and very pale, approaching the typeof the males of gemella.
Abdomen light yellowish brown, the caudal margins of
the segments very narrowly ringed with yellowish, thelateral margins dark brown; basal tergite uniformly dark,
pruinose.
Ovipositor as described under the genericdiagnosis.
Hab. Tasmania.
Holotype, ?, Mt. Field, altitude 3500 feet, December 18,
1922 (A. Tonnoir).
Paratopolypes, 2 ? ? , December 21, 1922.

Austrolimnophila reliela, sp. n.
Belongs to the argus group; general coloration brown;
antennm ( c~ ) elongate ; halteres elongate, the knobs yellow ;femora with a narrow black terminal or nearly terminal rinffthat is preceded by a vag6e obscure yellow ring ; wings
with a yellowish tinge, sparsely spotted with brown; m-cu
sinuous, oblique; male hypopygium with the inner marginof the gonapophyses microscopically serrulatc.

86

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Male.--Length 12 mm. ; wing 14 mm. ; antennae about
6 ram.
Rostrum brown, obscure yellow laterally; palpi darkbrowri. Antennae (d') elongate, approximately one-half thelength of the body, the segments elongate-cylindrical; firstscapal segment dark brown; flageltar segments brown,darker outwardly, tile incisures vaguely and narrowly paler;segments with a de,~se erect pubescence and short relatively
inconspicuous verticils. Head brown, the centre of thevertex darker, the anterior vertex more yellowish.
Pronotum yellowish brown. Mesonotal praescutum withthe restricted ground-colour brownish yellow to greyish withfour dark brown stripes, the anterior and lateral margins of
tim sclerite in some specimens similarly margined with darkbrown; scutum greyish brown, the centres of the lohes
extensively dark brown ; scutellum lighter brown, the parascutella darker; postuotum dark brown, very sparsely
pruinose. Pleurm yellowish brown, with a broad conspicuous
dark brown longitudinal stripe extending from ttle cervicalsclerites to the postnotum, passing between the wings andthe halteres, the sternopleurite somewhat darkened. Haltereselongate, the stem pale, the outer third or less darker, theknobs yellow. Legs with the coxm and trochanters obscurebrownish yellow; femora brown, the bases paler, immediately before or at the tips with a narrow black ring,
preceded by a very vague yellowish ring of slightly greater
extent; remainder of legs brown with dark setae, theterminal tarsal segments dark brown. Wings with a strong
yellowish tinge, the base and costal region somewhat brighter ;a sparse pattern of small brown spots distributed as follows :At h; arculus ; Sc~, base of R2+3 ; R~ ; tips of veins RI+:,
R~ and R4; basal deflection of R.~; fork of MI+~; veryvaguely on m-cu at~d outer end of cell 1st M~ ; gradually
increasing marginal spots on the longitudinal veins from M~
caudad; veins brown, more yellowish in the costal region.
Veuation: Sc~ oblique, at tip of Scl and exceeding the latterin length, ending shortly beyond origin of R2+a ; Rs angulated
and short-spurred at origin; R~ very pale, some distancefrom the tip of Rlq_ 2 ; R2+3 a little shorter than the sinuous
R~ ; basal deflection of R5 long, arcuated ; cell M 1 about
twice its petiole ; cell 1st M2 gently widened distally, theoblique, sinuous m - c u placed at or before mi~t-tength of its
lower face ; vein 2nd A long; atlterior arcu[us broken.
Abdominal tergites brown, the lateral margins narrowly
darker brown ; hypopygium and subterminal seg.nents dark ;sternites obscure brownish yellow, their bases narrowly
ringed with brown, on the outer segments the margins darker.

new or llttle-known Tipulidse.

87

Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite evenly notched
medially ; basistyle short aud stout, with long coarse setm.
Disti~tyle small, the outer style terminating in a slendercurved hook. Gonapophyses appearing as flattened blades~
the apex of each extended into a slender chitinized hook, theinner margin microscopically serrate.
ttab. Tasmania.
Holotype, (~ , Hartz Mts., December ]0, 1922 (A. Tonnoir).
Paratypes, ~ , Mt. Farrel, February 8, 1923 ; ~ ~Mt. Field,
December 21, 1922; Adventure Bay, December 30, 1922
(A. Tonnoir).
The wings of the present species bear a conspicuous
superficial resemblance to those of Austrolimnophila interventa(Skuse), but the coloration of the body and antennae, andthe venational details, are very different in the two species.

Epiphragma meridionalis, sp. n.
General coloration brown; antennm relatively elongate,
the flagellum bicolorous ; pleura dark brown, narrowly linedwith yellow ; femora and tibim yellow, each with two brownrings; wings yellowish brown, with a sparse darker brownpattern, the spots ringed with paler ; a single supernumerarycross-vein in ceil C.
Male.--Length 7"5-10 mm. ; wing 8 - 1 0 8 ram.
l%ostt'um and palpi dark brown. Antennm relatively
elongate, if bent backward extending to shortly beyond thebase of ttle halteres; first segment brown, sparsely pruinose;
second and third segments orange ; remaining flagellar segments brownish black, the apices of the segments lightyellow, on the basal segments including about the distal
third of the segment, the amount decreasing outwardly,
tile terminal segments more uniformly infuscated. Headbrownish grey, variegated with brown.
Pronotum fulvous, the anterior notum with a small brown
dash, the lateral margin of the sclerite infuscated. Mesonotal pr~escutum cinnamon-brown in front, variegated withdark brown along the cephalic margin and at the humeri,
the extreme humeral angle obscure yellow ; posterior portionof the prmscutum more yellowish brown with fbur darkbrown stripes that do not attain the s u t u r e ; scutum
obscure yellow, the lobes variegated witil brown ; remainderof mesonotum yellow, the postnotum greyish yellow, with acapillary brows vitta extendil~g from the transverse suture
to the abdomen ; a small brown spot on either side of thescutellum at base; postnotum with a small brown spot oneither side of the median vitta before mid-lcngth. Pleura

88l)r. C. P. Alexander o~z

largely dark brown, with two or three narrow and sometimes
subobsolete obscure yellow longitudinal stripes, the dorsopleural membrane dark brown. Halteres yellow, the basal
half of the knobs brown, their apices yellow. ~ ' Legs witlf:thefore coxm yellow, traversed by two narrow brown lines;
middle and hind coxae yellow~ ttle extreme bases dark brown ;trochauters yellow; femora obscure yellow,"with'~two' broad
brown rings, the first just beyond mid-length, the second
narrower, subapieal, the yellow ring enclosed being relatively
broad, clearer yellow ; tibiae brownish yellow, clearer yellow
at base, with a narrow dark brown subbasal ring and abroader more diffuse paler brown ring before mid-length ;tip of tibiae slightly darkened ; tarsi brownish yellow, the last
segment darker. Wings with a yellowish-brown tinge, witha sparse pattern of larger dark brown spots that are narrowly ringed with whitish subhyaline; these spots arearranged as follows: At h ; arculus; origin of Rs; at
supernumerary cross-vein in cell C; a broad oblique band
extending from Sca along the anterior cord to the fork of M;
tip of R~+2 ; m-cu ; outer end of cell 1st M~ ; fork of M~+~ ;a continuous series of marginal spots at ends of longitudinalveins, these becoming larger posteriorly ; anal angle narrowly
darkened ; veins pale brownish yellow, a little darker in the
int'uscated areas. Venation : A single supernumerary crossvein in cell C; Rs square and spurred at origin ; R~'pale,
subobsolete ; R~+~ longer than R~ ; inner ends of cells R4,
Rs, and 1st Ms in transverse alignment; cell -/1/1 one-halflonger than its petiole ; cell 1st M~ long, widened outwardly,
m-cu at one-third its length.
Abdominal tergites pale brown, the lateral margins narrowly darker; sternites yellow, the lateral margins of thesegments narrowly dark brown, more extensively so on thebasal sternites ; hypopygium reddish brown to brown. Male
hypopygium with the ninth tergite produced into a median
lobe that is deeply notched, the lobes formed being relatively
narrow. Inner dististyle longer than the outer, the apex
flattened, obtusely rounded. Interbases slender, the apex
terminating in two acute recurred spines.
Hab. Victoria, Tasmania.
Holotype, c~, Strahatb Tasmania, February 5, 1923

( A. Tonnoir).
Paratopotype, c~, February 1924 (G. H. Hardy), in
Queensland University Collection; paratypes, 1 ~ , Tullah,
Tasmania, November 8, ]922; 1 ~ , Zeehan, Tasmania,
February 7, 1923; 3 c~ c~, Burnie, Tasmania, February 1,
1923 (A. Tonnoir); 1 d', Ferntree Gully, Victoria, February 22, 1921, (G. F. Itill), in National Museum~ Victoria.

~ew or little-known Tipulid~e.

89

5Epiphragma wilsoniana, sp. n.

General coloration brown; antenna~ short~ the flagellar
segments beyond the second brownish black; femora andtibiae yellow, the former with two brown rings, the latterwith a darker brown subbasal ring; wings creamy subhyaline, the ground-colour almost obliterated by abundant
spots and dots in all the eells ; a series of about a dozen
darker brown spots in cell C, these surrounding small spursof cross-veins into the cell from vein C; petiole of cell Ma
short.
Male.--Length about 9"5 mm. ; wing 10"5 ram.
Rostrum obscure yellow; palpi dark brown. Antennae
short, it~ bent backward scarcely attaining the wing-root;
scapal segments brown, the basal segment slightly dusted,
the second paler apically; basal flagellar segment orangeyellow ; second fiagellar segment brownish yellow ; remainderot~ the flagellum brownish black, the segments with elongate
verticils. Head yellowish brown, the vertex more greyish
medially, with a brownish spot on either side.
Pronotum with the anterior sclerite fulvous, the postnotum obscure yellow. Lateral pretergites obscure yellow.
Mesonotal praescutum with the usual stripes rather pale dull
brown, the anterior portion and the usual iuterspaces andlateral margins deep chestnut-brown, the extreme cephalicmargin of the sclerite narrowly blackened ; humeral region
restrictedly yellow; median line of the praeseutum with acapillary brown vitta on the posterior half; scutum yellowish
brown, tim centres of the lobes extensively infuscated, themedian area broadly darkened ; scutellum dark, the surface
pollinose, the median area dusky, with a conspicuous brownspot on either side at base ; postnotum whitish, the medianarea with a brown line and with a brown spot on either side
near mid-length. Pleura dark brown, very narrowly andvaguely lined longitudinally with yellow vittae. Halteresyellow, the knobs infuscated. Legs with the fore coxm darkbrown~ traversed by a yellowish line; remaining coxae paleyellow, their bases narrowly dark brown; femora yellow
with a brown subapical ring and a vague, sometimes scarcely
defined, postmedial brown ring ; tibiae yellow, with anarrow
but conspicuously dark brown subbasal ring; tips of tibiae
narrow and indistinctly infumed ; tarsi yellow, the terminal
segments darker. Wings creamy subhyaline, the groundcolour almost concealed by abundant brown spots and dofs
in all the cells, these ~o abundant as to be contiguous or
Confluent in most cases; a series o[ darker brown spots in

90

Dr. C. P. Alexauder oncell C, there being nine or ten between h and the supernumerary cross-vein, most of these spots encircling a shortspur from costa into the cell; cell Sc nearly free frommarkings ; the stigmal area and markings at ends of veins
Rl+:, R3, and R~ somewhat darker than the other spots ofthe membrane; veins pale brown. Costal fringe short.
Venation : A series of spurs of veins in cell C as describedabove; Sc2 longer than Scl; R: faint; R:+3 about one-halflonger than R3 alone; cell M1 more than three times its
petiole ; cell 1st M~ with the proximal end narrowed, the cell
widened outwardly, m-cu at near two-thirds its length.
Abdominal tergites obscure yellow, the lateral margins
broadly infuscatcd ; sternites whitish yellow, the bases andlateral margins of the segments narrowly dark brown;
hypopygium obscure yellow. Male hypopyginm as in theother Australian species of tim germs ; tip (>f the outer dististyle a short hook, the margin of which is truncated.
Interbases appearing as straight rods that terminate in two
short curved teeth.
[lab. New South Wales.
Holotype, ~ , Mr. Wilson, Blue Mts., November 19, 1921
(A. Tonnoir).
BEROROTHOMYIA~gen. nov.

Antenum 16-segmented; first seapal segment relatively
short ; basal flagellar segments with the lower face st,rongly
protuberant and here unprovided with verticils ; outermost
flagellar segments passing into oval, with the lower face
only slightly produced; outer face of the flagellar segments
provided with verticils that are longer on the basal segments,
where they are approximately one-half longer than the segments ; surface of flagellar segments with a short, dense, erectpubescence. In the female the flagellar segments are somewhat less protuberant. Rostrum as long as the remainderof the head. Pronotum massive. Pseudosutural fove~econspicuous, remote from the lateral margins of the pr~escutum; tuberculate pits present, placed at the extreme
cephalic margin of the sclerite, separated from one anotherby a distance a little less than the diameter of one. Tibial
spurs present. Wings with Sc relatively short, ending before
the fork of Rs, Sc: close to the tip of Scl ; Rs angulated andspurred at origin; R~+3+4 long (diemenensis) to very long(rostr~fera); R~+.~+~ a little shorter or longer than R3+ 4(rostrifera) or R 2 longer than R~+s (diemeaensis); RI+ ~ alittle longer than R: alone ; inner ends of cells R ~ , / ~ , andnew or {ittle-known Tiputid~e.

91

1st M~ in transverse alignment; distal section of MI+~ inalignment with 3/2 ; cell 1st M~ large, m-cu at or before midlength; anterior areulus present. Male hypopygium withthe basistyles relatively slender; outer dististyle small,terminating in an acute spine, the outer margin beibre theapex with numerous smaller appressed spines. Gonapophyses
appearing as flattened plates on either side of the ~edeagus,
tile tips produced into short recurred spines. Ovipositor
with the valves long and slender, especially the very elongate,nearly straight tergal valves.
Genotype, Limnophila rostrifera, Skuse (Australian Subregion).
Besides the genotype, the new species Bergrothomyia
diemenensis belongs here. The other species of Hexatomiue
flies with the rostrum moderately elongate (Rhamphophila,
Edwards, Tonnoirella, gen. nov.) belong to the subtribe
Epiphragmaria, in which the anterior arculus is lacking.
The present genus belongs to the subtribe Limnophilaria,
with the anterior arculus preserved. The structure of tile
antennae and male hypopygium, and the venation, especiallythe relative lengths of Sc and R~+3+4 and the position of R~,
offer additional generic characters that point toward thegenus Pilaria, Siutenis. This new genus is named in honourof the late Dr. Ewald Bergrotl b distinguished Heteropteristand profound student of the Tipulidm, to whom I express
my most sincere thanks for much kindly advice in earlier
years.

Bergrothomyia diemenensis, sp. n.
General coloration blue-grey, the prmscutum with fourbrown stripes; wings whitish subhyaline, with a t~eavybrown pattern, cell Cu and the Anal cells washed withpaler brown ; R 2 at or beyond the fork of R~+4, in rarecases placed shortly before this fbrk.
Male.~Length about 8 ram. ; wing 7"8 ram.
Female.~Length about 11 ram. ; wing 8'6 ram.
Rostrum light blue-grey ; palpi (lark brown. Aniennm
one-half longer than tlle rostrum, black, the basal segment
pruinose ; flagellar segments as iu the genus, the basal sevenor eight flagellar segments strongly t)roduced on the lower
face. Head light blue-grey, with a conspicuous brown markon the vertex.
Pronotum blue-grey. Mesonotal prmscutum blue-greywith four brown stripes, the intermediate pair closely
approximated, not reaching the suture ; pseudosutural fove~eblack; lateral margins of pr~escutum slightly infumed;

92

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

seutum blue-grey, the lobes very faintly marked with darker ;scutellum and postnotum blue-grey. Pleura clear blue-grey,
the dorso-pleural membrane narrowly buffy, suffused withbrown behind. Halteres yellow, the knobs infuscated. Legs
with the coxes l~ght brownish yellow, sparsely pruinose;
trochanters obscure yellow, the tips infuscated; femora
obscure yellow, ttle tips broadly blackened ; tibiae and basitarsi similar, the tips narrowly blackened; remaining
segments of the tarsi passing into brownish black. Wings
whitish subhyaline, with a heavy brown pattern; cell C
yellowish brown to brown, with still darker clouds at h andtlle outer end ; stigma oval, dark brown ; conspicuous brownspots at origin of Rs; along the cord; fork of Rs+s+4 ; outerend of cell 1st M , ; fork of MI+~; marginal spots on thelongitudinal veins, large and conspicuous on R3, smaller on
R~, the others very reduced ; e e l l M largely suffused withpaler brown; basal two-thirds of cell Cu, the end of cell
1st A, and the outer two-thirds of cell 2nd A similarly
clouded ; remaining veins it1 the caudal and outer parts of thewing more or less clouded with brown ; veins brown, scarcely
darker in the infuscated areas. Venation : Sc2 at tip of Scl ;Rs conspicuously spurred at origin; R2+3+4 long, but stillmuch shorter than R3, nearly twice m-cu; RI+~ and /~2
subequal ; R~ subequal to R2+a; cell M1 longer than tonearly twice its petiole ; m-cu at one-third to shortly before
mid-length of cell 1st M~; cell 2nd A broad on basal half,
narrowed apically. In a few cases R~ is at or very close to
the fork of Rs+4, in one paratype (Lake Margaret) before
this fork, being subequal to Rs+4 alone.
Abdomen dark greyish brown, the sternites paler, especiallythe basal sternites~ which are obscure yellow; tergites withan oblique row of impressed dots on either side. Male
hypopygium with the outer dististyle stout, the outer margin
with conspicuous appressed to subappressed spines, these
becoming smaller basally, but continued basad to beyond midlength of the style. Gonapophyses with the spines long andslender, gently curved, the long tips acute.
Hub. Tasmania.
Holotype, c~, Zeehan, February 1924 (G. H. Hardy), in
Queensland University Collection.
Allotype. ~ , Strahan, February 192~ ( G. H. Hardy).
Paratopotypes, 6 c~ ? ; paratypes~ 2 c~ (~ , Lake Margaret
February 3, 1923 (A. Tonnoir).

new or little./oww~t Tipulidm.

93

D1EMENOMYIA~ gen. nOV,

Antennae with from 16 (bulbosa, sp. n., ? ) to 21 (pra~tenuis,
sp. n.) segments; lower or ventral face of the flagellar
segments strongly produced to give a serrate appearance
to the organ; verticils relatively short and inconspicuous.
Rostrum and palpi short. Pseudosutural fovem small andinconspicuous, weakly lunate in form; tuberculate pits
lacking; meron small. Tibiae spurred. Wings with orwithout conspicuous macrotricbiae in the outer cells. Sclelongate; R2 about one-half RI+~ and subequal to nearly
twice R~+a; inner ends of cells R~, R~, and 1st M2 in transverse alignment; cell M1 present; m-cu about its own
length beyond the fork of M; anterior arculus preserved.
Male hypopygium with the outer dististyle chitinized, weakly
bifid at apex ; inner dististyle smaller~ fleshy. Gonapophyses
appearing as flattened blades that terminate in a longrecurred hook. Ovipositor with both tergal and sternalvalves very long and nearly straight.
Genotype, Diemenomyia bulbosa, sp. n. (Australian Subregion).
Diemenomyia preetenuis, sp. n., likewise belongs here.
The characters of the group point toward Tanymera (Loew),
Alexander (Lower Oligocene; Baltic Amber), in the produeed flagellar ,egments, but in other respects the twogenera do not seem to be very closely allied.

Diemenomyia bulbosa, sp. n.
General coloration grey ; antennae (d') 18-20-segmented,
in ? 16-segmente d ; lower face of flagellar segments strongly
produced ; wings tinged with brown, stigma dark brown.
Male.--Length about 6"5-7 ram. ; wing 8-8"8 ram.
Female.--Length about 8 ram. ; wing about 8"5 ram.
Rostrum dark ; palpi dark brown. Antennae (c~) 18-20segmented~ black throughout; basal and intermediatettagellar segments strongly produced, the terminal segments
passing into oval; vertici]s moderately elongate, muchexceeding tile short dense pubescence. Head broad, darkbrown, with a sparse yellowish pollen, heaviest in front.
Pronotum dark brown, dusted with yellowish grey.
Mesonota] praescutum grey with three subconfluent brownishblack stripes that are more sparsely dusted and appear somewhat shiny ; scutum and seutellum dark brown~ sparsely
pollinose ; postnotum heavily dusted. Pleura dark brown,with a sparse greyish pollen. Halteres yellow. Legs with

94

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

the eoxm brownish yellow, fore coxm darker; trochantersobscure yellow; femora brownish, black, their bases broadly
obscure yellow; tibize and tarsi brownish black. Wings
with a strong brownisi, tinge, the costal region somewhat
darker; stigma oval, dark brown; a-dusky cloud on theanterior cord ; vein Cu t more or tess distinctly seamed withdusky; veins dark brown. Macrotrichim in the apices ofcells R2, Rz, R4, R~, 2nd 312, M3, and, iu cases, even M4 andallof M 1. Venation : Sc, extending just beyond the fork of
Rs, Sc~ some distance from its tip, variable in position, Sclranging from a little tess than to much exceeding m-cu ; R:
about one-half Rl+~ and subequal to R2+~; R~+3+4 about
one-third longer than m-cu ; cell M~ present, varying froma little more than one-half to fully as long as its petiole ;m-cu varying from a distance equal to its own length toslightly less beyond the fork of M.
Abdomen dark brown, including the hypopygium. Maie
hypopygium With the basistyle stout. Outer dististyle relatively slender, heavily blackened, more thickened basally,
narrowed to the slightly bifid apex ; surface of style withlong yellow set,e, especially on the outer face; inner styleshorter, with basal setm, the apex narrowed, smooth , terminating in a single strong seta. Gonapophyses terminating
in a strong hook at the eaudo-lateral angle, this directed
strongly mesad. =Edeagus elongate.
In the female the antennae are only 16-segmented, thesegments but slightly produced, the terminal segment muchlarger than the penultimate. Maerotrichim of tile wing more
restricted, confined to the radial field. Ovipositor with thevalves l:ong and straight, the tips acute.
Hab. Tasmania.
Holotype, c~, Mr. Wetlington~ November 28, 1922 (A.
Tonnoir).
ztllotopotype, 9, November 30, 1922.
Paratopotypes, 5 ~ ? , November 26-30, 1922 ; paratypes,
2 c~ ~', Hartz Mts.~ December 9-10, 1922; ~ ~ , Cradle
Yalley, ffanuary 10-27, 1923 (A. Tonnoir).

Diemenomyia bulbos a multifida, subsp, n.
Female.--Length about 7 ram. ; wing 8 ram.
Resembling the typical form, differing as follows : - Antennm, ~, 18-segmented, feebly serrate. Generalcoloration of head and thorax strongly blue-grey pruinose.
Pseudosutural fove~e lying close to the lateral margin ofprmseutum. Wings without macrotrichim in the cells,

new or little-known Tipulid~e.
Hab. Tasmania.
Holotype, 9, Cradle Valley~ January 22, 1923
Tonnoir) .

95(A.

Diemenomyia bulbosa temeraria, subsp, n.
Male.--Length ~'5-5 mm. ; wing 5-6 ram.
l~esembling the typical ibrm, differing as follows : - A very small fly, with 18-segmented autennm; macrotrichise either completely lacking (holotype) or weakly
preserved (paratype). Sc2 removed from tip of Scb thelatter a little less than m-cu; R: subequal to Rl+z and R2+~ ;cell 3/1 very small.
Hab. Tasmania.
Holotype, ~ , Cradle Valley, January 27, 1893 (_4.
Tonnoir) .
Para/opotype, ~ .
Diemenomyia pr~etenuis, sp, n.
Male.--Length about 6"5 ram. ; wing 6"8-7"2 ram.;antennm about 3"8 ram.
Closely allied to D. bulbosa, sp. n. Antennm 2l-segmented,
very long and slender~ if bent backward extending to nearly
one-third the length of the abdomen; antennm black
throughout, the scapal segments slightly pruinose ; flagellar
segments long, moderately produced beneath, the appearance
produced not markedly serrate; individual flagellar segments densely clothed with a short dense pubescence, theverticils short, scarcely longer than the pile. Wings with abrown tinge, the stigma relatively pate, not darker than thevague seam on the anterior cord and but little evident against
the ground-colour; veins darker brown. Macrotrichim of
the cells very ucanty, confined to cells R3, R4, and R~, in the
two latter cells restricted to a single row at or near midwidth of the cells, confined to the distal half or less.
Hab. Tasmania.
ttolotype, ~ , Mr. Field, December 18, 1922 (A. Tonnoir).
Paratopotype, ~ .
Limnophila cingulipes, sp. n.
General coloration grey, the prmscutum ~dth brow~
stripes; antennm short, obscure yellow, the basal segment
dark; femora yellow, with two narrow dark rings; wings
relatively narrow, whitish, with a heavy brown pattern ; cell
1st 1VI2 elongate ; m-cu at near mid-length.
Male.--Length about 13 mm, ; wing 12"5 ram.

96

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Rostrum brown~ with a sparse grey bloom, the nasal region
tufted with a few dark setm. Antennm relatively short, if
bent backward not attaining the wing-root; basal segment
elongate-cylindrical, dark brown; remainder of antenme
obscure yellow, the flagellar segments long-oval, becoming
smaller and somewhat darker outwardly. Head dark, heavily
grey pruinose.
Pronotum light grey, the median area with an interrupted
brown line. Mesonotal prmscutum light grey, with threebrown stripes, the median stripe very pale brown, its anterior
half divided by a very conspicuous dark brown capillary
vitta; lateral stripes broad, dark brown, extending frombehind the large circular pseudosutural fovese to the suture ;foveae pale reddish; lateral margins of prmseutum weakly
infumed; seutum light grey, each lobe with a large mesal
and a very small lateral spot of dark brown ; scutellum grey~
the paraseutella darker ; postnotal mediotergite grey, darker
caudally and laterally. Pleura grey, with a broad dark brown
stripe, extending from the pronotum across the dorsal
pleurites, passing above tile halteres and beneath the wingroot; dorso-pleural membrane obscure yellow. Halterespale, the knobs weakly darker. Legs with the coxm darkbrown, sparsely pruinose, especially the hind coxm; trochanters brownish yellow; legs long and slender, femora
yellow, with a broad subterminal blackish ring and a narrower similar postmedial ring, the two enclosing a broad
obscure yellow annulus ; extreme tip of femora pale; tibim
obscure yellow, the extreme base and the tips darkened ; tarsi
brownish yellow, the tip$~of the individual segments infuscated, the terminal segment uniformly dark. Wings relatively
narrow, whitish, with a heavy brown pattern, including aprearcular mark that also includes the extreme base ofcell /~; a large spot at origin of /~s that does not reachvein M ; a somewhat smaller sicot at mid-distance between
arculus and origin of tls that reaches M ; a small circularspot at Sc~; stigma ova], confluent with extensive brownareas on the anterior cord ; a large spot at end of vein Ra,completely crossing cell R~ ; smaller spots at the ends of thelongitudinal veins ; onter end of cell 1st M:, fork of Mj+~
and on m-cu, the latter broader; brown washes occupy
cell M except at outer end and cell M 4 except the narrowed
cephalic portion; other brown washes in the basal halfof cell Cu, distal third of cell R~, near outer end of cell
1st A, beyond mid-length of cell 2nd A, and the margin fromthis latter mark outward to vein CUl; anal angle vaguelydarkened; wing-base and cells C, Sc, and much of Scl

new or little-known Tipulidoe.

97yellowish ; veins dark in the infuscatcd areas, more yellowish~n the pale areas. Maerotvichim of the veins sparse, there
being none on Rs, R~+3+4, R:+3, or R3; trichi~e present on Rt,
R~, M1, M~, and the extreme outer end of M v Venation:
Sc2 some distance from the tip of Sci, the latter alone longer
than m-cu; Rs long, angulated at origin, in alignment with
R~+a+4 ; cell R3 deep, the veins diverging at ends ; R~ about
two-fifths of RI+~ and one-half or more of R2+s ; r-m very
short ; cell 1st M2 long and narrow, rectangular; cell M 1
more than twice its petiole; m-cu near mid-length of cell
1st 312; vein 2nd A elongate, gently sinuous; anterior
arculus present.
Abdominal tergites brown, paler brown medially, thelateral margins darker brown to form longitudinal stripes;
hypopygium dark; steruites reddish brown, the lateral
margins and caudal margin of sternite 2 darker brown.
Male hypopygium with the basisty]es relatively slender.
Dististyles two, the outer style nearly straight, slender,
narrowed to the simple acute blackezJed apex; inner style
very broad and flattened, with a more chitinized outer margin
that is densely provided with microscopic erect setul~e, theouter margin of the style with k)ng coarse set~e. .tEdeagus
constricted before the tip, subtended on either side by acutegonapophyses.
Hab. Tasmania.
Hololype, (~, Cradle Valley, January 10, 1923 (A. Tonnoir).
Limnophila mirabunda, sp. n.
General coloration yellowish grey, the prmscutum withthree conspicuous brownish-black stripes ; antennae ( ~ )short ; halteres entirely pale yellow ; legs yellow, the tips ofthe femora abruptly blackened ; tips of the tibiae and thesegments of the tarsi narrowly, blackened; wings tinged
with yellow, the prearcular region brighter, the disk withconspicuous brown spots; male hypopygium with the mdeagus
long and slender.
Male.--Length about 11 ram. ; wing 12 ram.
Rostrum dark, with a yellowish bloom; palpi brownish
black. Antenna~ short, if bent backward ending far before
the wing-root; first segment brown, sparsely pruinose;
flagellar segments brownish black ; basal three segments ofthe flagellum subglobular, tim first largest, the others
gradually smaller ; fourth flagcllar segment a little bulging ;remaining segments elongate-cylindrical, the verticils nearAnn. & Mag. N. tlist. Ser. 10. Vol. i.
7

98

Dr. C. P. Alexatld,:r on

mid-length, these latter long, unilaterally arranged and exceeding the segments in length. Head strongly narrowed
behind, greyish in front, more yellowish grey behind, thecentre of the vertex extensively infuscated.
Pronotum brownish grey. Mesonotal pr~escutum greyish
yellow, with three conspicuous brownish-black stripes, themedian stripe very vaguely divided by a more reddish-brownline, the stripe a little constricted at the pseudosuturalfore,e, widened behind, not attaining the suture; pseudosutural foveae irregularly oval, black; tuberculate pits notevident ; scutum grey, each lobe with two confluent brownishblack spots; scutellum broad, grey, the parascutclla verysmall, dark; postnotal mediotergite dark brown, with abasal grey triangle, the point directed caudad. Pleura dark,
the surface heavily grey pruinose, the dorso-pleural membrane buffy. Halteres entirely pale yellow. Legs wiLh thecoxm dark brown, the posterior coxm paler apical]y, all coxae
heavily pruino.se; trochanters obscure yellow; femora
yellow, the tips abruptly al:~l rather narrowly but conspicuously blackened; tibiae yellow, the extreme bases andbroader tips blackened ; basal three tarsal segments obscureyellow to brownish yellow, the tips narrowly blackened;
terminal tarsal segments black ; segments of legs with long,conspicuous, suberect set~e. Wings with a strong yellowish
tinge, the prearcular region brighter yellow ; cell C dull
yellow, cell Sc similar, the distal portion a trifle more inf u m e d ; conspicuous brown spots and washes arranged asfollows: Postarcular, in cells R and 21t; at origin of Rs,
barely reaching M ; stigma oval, confluent with a broad
seam at the cord ; outer end of cell 1st M~ ; spots at fork of
M1+2 and marginal spots at ends of veins Ra, R4, M~, Cu,,and 2nd A ; paler bro~n washes along veins M and Cu,
suffusing the middle of cell M, basal half of Cu, outer endof 1st A opposite the end of vein 2nd 2t, the anal angle of
the wing, and near mid-length of cell 2nd A ; veins darkbrown, more yellowish in the prearcular region and theclear areas on Rs ; one wing of the type shows a brown spot
iu cell R, at mid-length of Rs. No macrotrichim on veins
R3, R:+3, R2+3+4, or Rs; numerous trichi~e on distal twothirds of R~. Venation: Sc long, Scl ending just beyond
the fork of Rs, Sc2 at its extreme tip; Rs long, shortly
aL~gulated and w~.~aklyspurred at origin ; R.z+~+4longer thanm-cu; veins R 3 and R4 divergent, the ibrmer relatively
short ; R e about two-thirds R1+2 and twice as long as R.2+a ;inner ends ot cells R4, Ra, and 1st M: in alignment ; cell lbll

new or little-known T~pulid~e.

99

a trifle longer than its petiole ; cell 1st M~ small, m-cu close
to mid-length ; anterior arculus present.
Abdomen dark brown, sparsely pruinose; lateral marginsof the tergites narrowly ochreous ; hopopygium a little paler.
Male hypopygium with the basistylcs rather slender, theouter face with long, coarse, erect setm. Outer dististyle aflattened black blade that is gradually widened outwardly,
the outer apical angle terminating in an acute curved book,the surface of the style beyond tile base with long, conspicuous, subappressed setm. Inner dististyle shorter, darkened,tile outer surface with numerous setm, the apex terminatingin two powerful bristles. Gonapophyses appeariug as slender,strongly-curved hooks. .~Edeagus very long and slender.
Hab. Tasmania.
Holotype, c~, Geeveston, December 8, 1922 (A. Tonnoir).
Lirnnophila fundata, sp. n.
Belongs to the fundata group ; general coloration brownish
yellow; centre of vertex shiny black; antennm short;halteres pale; wings with a pale brown tinge; Sc long, Sc~
at tip of Sc~ ; cell M~ lacking; sparse macrotrichi~e iu ends
of cells R4 and R~ ; male hypopygium with the outer dististyle slender, bifid at apex; gonapophyses appearing as asemi-circlet of chitinized spines surrounding the mdeagus.
Male.--Length about 5'3-5"6 mm.; wing 6"3-7 ram.
Rostrum and palpi brown. Antennm short, if bent backward not extending far beyond the pronotum; scapal segments brown, the basal segments of the flagellum lightbrown, the terminal segments somewhat darker; flageliar
segments oval, with verticils that are much longer than thesegments; terminal segments more elongate. Head shiny
black, dusted with yellowist~ grey, the centre of the vertex
polished black.
Pronotum brown to brownish black, the posterior portion
yellowish. Mesonotum obscm'e yellow, the pr~escutum
pollinose~ with three brown to dark brown stripes that aresubcoufluent ; pscudosutural fovem and tuberculate pits notevident; pr~escutal setm small; scutal lobes infuscated,sparsely pollinose ; scutellum broad, testaceous yellow ;postnotum brown, with a sparse pale pollen. Pleura pale
brown, with indications of darker brown markings on thepteropleurite and sternopleurite. Halteres pale, relatively
short. Legs with tim cox~e and trochanters brownish testaceous; remainder of legs pale brown, the terminal tarsal
segments darker; tibial sl~urs small. Wings with a pale
7*

100

Dr. C. P. Alexander onbrown tinge, the stigma only slightly darker; veins darkbrown. Sparse macrotrichize in the apices of cells R~ andRs. Venation : Scl long, extending to opposite one-third
the length of R~+s+~, Sc2 about its own length from the tip
and likewise beyond the fork of Rs ; Rs arcuated at origin,in alignment with R~+3+4; R2 about two-fifths RI+: andone-half R2+3; inner ends of cells R4, R~, and 1st M2 inalignment ; cell M~ lacking; veins beyond cell 1st 2142
elongate; m-cu less than its length beyond the fork of M ;anterior arculus present.
Abdomen brown~ the basal sternites somewhat paler;hypopygium yellow. Male hypopygium with the basistyles
elongate, with conspicuous set~e on outer face and at apex.
Two dististyles, the outer long and slender, strongly curved,
the apex bifid, the distal half with conspicuous set~e ; atbase with a small lobule; inner style shorter, the basal
portion with conspicuous setae. Gonapophyses in the formof a conspicuous flattened plate, the mesal margin withseveral conspicuous spines. Penis very long, sinuous withinthe ~edeagus.
Hab. Tasmania.
Holotype, ~ , Cradle Valley, January 14, 1923 (A. Tonnoir).
Paratopotype, ~ , January 13, 1923; paratype, ~ , KingRiver, February 4, 1923 (A. Tonnoir).

Limnophila nitidiceps, sp. n.
.Belongs to thefundata group ; general coloration yellow,
the prsescutum with a median black stripe ; pleura brownish
yellow; antennse elongate; legs black, the femoral bases
paler; wings with a faint brown tinge; macrotrichi~e inends of cells R~ and R~ ; cell M1 lacking.
Male.--Length about 4 6 ram. ; wing 5'8-6 ram.
Female.--Length about 5"5 mm. ; wing 6"2-6"7 ram.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennse ( ~ ) elongate
for a member of the group, if bent backward extending tosome distance beyond the wing-root; black throughout;itagellar segments elongate-cylindrical to fusiform, theverticils a little shorter than the segments. In the female
the antennse are a little shorter but still longer than in either
sex of the other members of the group(fundata, sp. n. ;morula, sp. n.). Head grey, the vertex extensively shinypolished black.
Pronotnm dark brown, paler laterally, the posterior notum
yellow. Mesonotal pr~escutum yellow, with a conspicuous
median black stripe and less conspicuous brown lateral

~ew or lltde-know)z Tipulid~.

lO1

stripes, the interspaees obscured, with a sparse yellow
pollen; pseudosutnral foveae faint and pale in eolour;
tuberculate pits lacking ; sental lobes inSlseated anteriorly,
the median area and remainder of the lobes yellowish;
seutellum and postnotum brownish yellow. Pleura brownish
yellow. Halteres relatively elongate, the knobs weakly[nfuscated. Legs with the coxm ye!low, the fore eoxm alittle infuscated ; trochanters yellow ; femora dark brownish
black, the bases narrowly obscure yellow; tibiae and tarsi
brownish black. Wings with a faint brownish tinge, tim
stigma pale, ill-defined ; veins darker brown. Sparse macrotrichim in apices of cells R~ and R~. Venation : SCl ending
shortly before the fork of Rs, Sc~ varying in position, froma little more than its own length to about twice its own
length from the tip ; Rs rather strongly angulated at origin ;R~ approximately one-half or less RI+~ and one-half or more
R2+3 ; veins R~ and R4 strongly divergent, R s sinuous, bent
strongly toward RI+~ at tip, markedly narrowing cell R2;
inner ends of cells R4, R~, and 1st M~ in alignment ; cell M1
lacking; m-cu less than its own length beyond the forkof M.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, the basal sternites conspicuously yellow; hypopygium yellowish. Male hypopygium
as in .fundata, the gonapophyses of different shape, appearing
as two opposable many-toothed combs. Ovipositor with thevalves elongate, nearly straight, the tergal valves gently
upcurved.
Hab. Tasmania.
Holotype, c~, Eaglehawk Neck, Tasman Peninsula, November 18, 1922 (A. Tonnoir).
Allotopotype, ~, November 23, 1922.
Paratopotypes, 2 ~ ?, November 25-30~ 1922 ( A. Tonnoir).

Limnophila morula, sp. n.
Belongs to the fundala group; general coloration grey~
the praescutum with three shiny brownish-black stripes;
pleura heavily pruinose; antennae short; tips of femora
narrowly infuscated ; wings with a faint brown tinge, thestigma darker; sparse macrotrichiae in the ends of the radial
cells ; cell MI lacking.
Male.--Length about 5"3 ram. ; wing 6"6 mm.
Female.~Length about 6"3 ram. ; wing 7"3 ram.
Rostrum and palpi brown. Antennae of moderate length,
in male if bent backward extending to shortly before thewing-root ; basal segment of scape a trifle paler than the remainder of the organ ; flagellar segments short, basal ones

]02

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

globular, passing into oval; verticils longer than the segments. Head clear light grey, the centre of the vertex
extensively polished black.
Pronotum dark brown, heavily grey pruinose. Mesonotal
praescutum grey, with three shiny brownish-blaek stripes;
scutellum and postnotum passing into clear light grey.
Pleura light grey Halteres pale. Legs with the fore coxae
dark brown, sparsely pruinose; remaining coxae obscureyellow, the bases infuscated ; trochanters obscure yellow ;femora obscure brownish yellow, the tips infuscated ; tihimbrown ; tarsi passing into dark brown. Wings with a faintbrown tinge, the stigma darker brown ; veins darker brown.
Very sparse macrotrichi~e in the apices of cells R3, R4, and R~,
in cases lacking i:a erie or another of these cells. Venation :Sc relatively short, Scl ending about opposite four-fifths thelength of Rs, Sc., variable in position, in some specimens
retreated back from the apex, in others not far from the tipof SCl; veins R3 and R4 strongly divergent, cell R, being
generally parallel-sided; cell M1 lacking; m-cu its own
length or less beyond tile fork of M.
Abdomen dark brown, sparsely pruinose; hypopygium
yellowish. Male hypopygium almost exactly as in L. fundata,
the gonapophyses with the spines relatively fewer and larger,
the apophyses not formed into flattened blades.
Hab. Tasmania.
Holotype, ~ , St. Patrick River, November 4, 1922 (A.
~lbnnoir).
Allotopotype , ?, October 30, 1922.
Paralypes, ?, Geeveston, December 8, 1922 ; ~, Cradle
Valley, January 26, 1923; ~, Mr. Field, December 18,
1922; ?, Eaglehawk Neck, November 15, 1922 (A.
Tonlwir) .
Limnophila referta, sp. n.
Belongs to the pilosipennis group ; general coloration darkbrown, with a sparse yellow pollen ; antennae (d') elongate,
the flagellar segments with the lower face slightly protuberant, the verticils a little shorter than the segments;
wings with the stigma ova], brown; distal cells of wing withmacrotrichiae; cell Ms present ; Sc2 near the tip of Sc~ ;male hypopygium with the aedeagus elongate.
Male.-- Length about 5"6 ram. ; wing 7"2 mm.
Female.--Length about 6"5 mm. ; wing about 6"8 mm.
Rostrum and palpi brown. Antennae 16-segmented, elongate, if bent backward extending about to the base of theabdomen, dark brown throughout; flagellar segments

new or llttle-k~own Tip,lid~.

103

elongate-rusiform, the lower face of each segment a little
more bulging than ti~e upper ; verticils a little shorter than
the segments. Head dark brown, with a sparse yellow
pollen.
Pronotum dark brown, sparsely pruinose.
Mesonotal
praescutum dark brown, subnitidous, with a sparse yellow
pollen, more evident latcrally~ without distinct stripes;
pseudosutural foveae black, lying longitudinally close to thelateral margin; no tuberculate pits; scutal lobes darkbrown, the median area and seutellum somewhat paler;postnotum dark brown, pruiuose. Pleura pruinose. Halteresyellow, the knobs weakly darkened. Legs with the coxze
elongate, yellow, their bases infuscated, especially the fore
coxae ; trochanters yellow ; femora obscure yellow, the tips
extensively infuscated; tibiae light brown, the tips narrowly
darkened; tarsi passing into dark brown. Wings with afaint dusky tinge, the stigma oval, brown ; a very vague
infuscation on the anterior cord ; veins dark brown. Verysparse macrotrichize in apices of cells R3 to Ma inclusive.
In the female these trichi~e are restricted to cells R4 and R~.
Venation: SCl ending immediately below the fork of Rs,
8c2 a little more than its own length from the tip ; R2 onehalf to two-thirds 1¢1+~ and R~+3 ; inner ends of cells R4, Rs,
and 1st M 2 in alignment ; cell M 1 present, from one-half to
two-thirds its petiole ; m-cu about its own length beyond thefork of M.
Abdomen dark brown, the basal sternites paler brown
hypopygium obscure brownish yellow, the apices of thebasistyles and the dististyles darkened. Male hypopygiumwith the basistyles narrowed outwardly; interbasal process
slender, gently arcuated, dilated near mid-length, the distal
half slender, curved. Di~tistyles small, connected basallyby membrane; outer dististyle narrowed to the bifid tip, thesurface with erect set~e; inner dististyle with numerous
set~e on the fleshy basal portion. Phallos0me complex, the~edeagus very long. Ninth tergite with a broad U-shaped
caudal notch, the small lateral lobes formed blunt, weakly
infuscated.
Hub. Tasmania.
Holotype, d', IYft. Wellington, November 25, 1922 (A.
Tonnoir).
Allotype, ? , Hartz Mrs., December 10, 1922.
ParatopotYi)e , ~ , November 30, 1922 ; paratype, ? , Eagle,
hawk Neck, November 18, 1922 (A. Tonnoir).

lOJ.:

I)1'. C. P. Alexander on

Lin nophila subcylindrica, sp. n.
Belongs to the pilosipennis group; general coloration
reddish brown; antennm elongate, if bent backward extellding to shortly beyond the base of the abdomen, black,the second scapal ~egment usually paler ; flagellar segments
elongate, subcylindrical, a little narrowed at the ends; segments with vertici s that are only about one-half the lengthof the segments lhemse]ves and with a conspicuous erectpale pubescence. Head dark brown, with a conspicuousyelh)w pollen.
Pronotum dark ~rown, with a sparse yellow pollenl Mesonotum reddish brown, without distinct stripes; scutellum
darker brown; pseudosutural fovem not evident; pr~escutal
setm small, erect. Pleura yellowish browu, the dorsal
pleurites more infltscated. Halteres pale, tile knobs weakly
infuscated. Legs with the eoxm and troehanters brownish
yellow ; femora dark brown, the bases narrowly paler; tibim
and tarsi brownislL black. Wings with a strong brownishyellow tinge; stigma conspicuous, oval, dark brown; pale
brown seams at origin of Rs, along cord and outer end ofcell 1st ~[~; veins Cua and Cu2 margined with brown ; veinsdark brown, with conspicuous bullate areas along the cordand on the outer deflection of M3. Maerotrictdm in thecells of the wing beyond the cord, including all but the basesof the cells; stigma setiferous. Venation :Scl ending just"beyond the fork of Rs, Scl from two to three times Scz andvaryi~Jg from shorter to a little longer than m-cu; Rs inalignment with R2+3+4, the latter about equal to or a trifle
longer than the ba.,i~al deflection of R5 ; R~ subequal to RI+2,
R~+3 about one-third R3; inner ends of cells R4, Rs, and
1st M~ in approximate alignment; cell M1 present, a little
shorter than its petiole; m-cu be[ore mid-length of cell
1st ~ ; anterior a:rculus present.
Abdomen dark brown, the caudo-medial region of thetergites paler to produce an indistinct bicolorous effect;basal sternites obscure yellowish, the lateral margins conspicuously blackened ; subterminal segments more uniformly
darkened; hypopygium reddish brown. Male hypopygiumwith the basistyles moderately stout, each with a conspicuousinterbasal process, ~hese appearing as curved yellow blades.
Outer dististyle relatively slender~ entirely blackened,narrowed to the apex, which is only microscopically bifid ;style with conspicuous erect setae. Inner dististyle connectedwith the outer by membrane, and about one-half its length,

new or little-known Tipulid~e.

105

enlarged at base, the apex narrowed, the surface with conspicuous erect setve. JEdeagus projecting far beyond t'hestraight gonapophyses. Ninth tergite with the caudal
margin having a broad U-shaped notch.
Hab. Tasmania.
Hololype, c~, Cradle Valley, January 27, 1923 (A. Tonnoir).
_Paralopotypes, 2 ~' ~', January 23, 1923 (,4. Tonnoir).

Limnophila novella, sp. n.
Belongs to the pilosipennis group; general coloration
black, sparsely yellowish to grey pollinose ; antennm elongate, black throughout; halteres yellow, the knobs weakly
infuscated; legs largely brownish black ; wings tinged withbrown, the stigma conspicuous, oval ; macrotrichi,e in cells
R~ to Ms; cell MI lacking; male hypopygium with thecaudal margin of the ninth tergite conspicuously notched
medially.
Male.--Length 5"2-5"5 ram.; wing 6"3-6"8 mm.
Female.--Length about 5"3 ram. ; wing about 6 ram.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae elongate, black
throughout, if bent backward extending to some distancebeyond the base of the abdomen; flagellar segments subcylindrical to elongate-fusiform, with short verticils and adense erect pubescence. Head dark brown, light grey
pruinose.
Pronotum and mesonotum black, the colour obscured bya sparse yellow to greyish pollen ; pseudosutural fovem small
and indistinct, lying close to the margin. Pleura dark,sparsely grey pruinose. Halteres moderately elongate, paleyellow, the knobs weakly infuseated. Legs with the coxm
dark, the posterior coxm paler, all coxm m o r e or lesspruinose ; trochanters yellowish brown ; remainder of legs
brownish black, the femoral bases restrictedly obscureyellow. Wings with a brownish tinge, the stigma conspicuous, oval, dark brown; brown seams at origin of Rs,
along the cord and outer end of cell 1st M~ ; paler washes inouter end of cell R and in the bas6 of cell 1st A ; veins darkbrown. Small and sparse macrotriehiee in cells R3, R4, Rs,
2rid M~, and M3, these occupying approximately the dista~
half or more of each cell. Venation: SCl ending about
opposite the fork of Rs, Sc: not far from its tip, Scl being
equal to or shorter than m-cu ; ~'~ near mid-length of thestigma, a little shorter than RI+~ and from one-half to subequal to R2+~ ; inner ends of cells R4, R~, and 1st M~ in106

Dr. C. P. Alexander ontransverse alignment; cell M~ lacking; m-cu fi-om one-halEto nearly its own length beyond the fork of M; anterior
arculus preserved.
Abdomen brownish black, the hypopygium dark. Male
hypopygium with the basistyles relatively stout; interbasal
process bifid at apex. Outer dististyle relatively short,
blackened, the apex bifid; inner style shorter, the base setifcrous, the tip dusky, with microscopic setulm and an elongate
subterminal seta. _/Edeagus elongate, extending caudad tothe level of the apices of the basistyles. Ninth tergite withthe caudal margin having a deep U-shaped notch, eachlateral angle of which is slightly produced into a lobe.
Hab. Tasmania.
Holotype, ~, tIartz Mrs., December 10, 1922 (A. Tonnoir).

Allolype, ?.
19aratopotypes, 3 ~ ~ .
Limnophila egena, sp. n.
Belongs to the pilosipennis group ; general coloration lighttestaceous brown; pleura yellow; antenum ( ~ ) extending
to beyond tlle base of abdomen ; wings uniformly pale brown,
the stigma oval, slightly darker brown ; _R~+s+4 short ; cellM1 lacking; sparse macrotrichi~e in the apical cells of thewing.
31ale.--Length about 4"4-4"5 mm. ; wing 5'2-5"5 ram.
Female.--Length about 4"3 ram. ; wing 5"3 mm.
Rostrum brown, the palpi dark brown. Antennae (d')
relatively long and slender, if bent backward extending toshortly beyond the base of the abdomen ; flagellar segments
subcylindrical to elongate-fusiform; verticils shorter than
the segments; segments clothed with a conspicuous erectpubescence. Head shiny brownish black with a sparsepruinosity.
Mesonotum light testaceous brown, without marking.% the
scutellum darker brown. Pleura testaceous yellow. Haltereslong and slender, pale, the knobs weakly infuscated. Legs
with the coxm obscure yellow ; trochanters testaceous yellow ;remainder of legs dark brown, the femoral bases narrowly
paler. Wings with a pale brown tinge, the stigma oval, pale,slightly darker brown than the ground-colour; veins darkbrown. Macrotrichim in the distal half of each of cells R3,
R4, Rs, 2nd M:, and M3 ; stigma without trichim. Venation:
Sc~ ending shortly beyond the fork of Rs, Sc~ some distancefrom its tip, Sea alone being longer than m-cu; Rs long,arcuated at origin; Re subequal or a little shorter thannew or llttle-known Tipulid~e.

107

Rl+2; R2+a a little shorter than R3 alone ; R2+~+ 4 shorter
titan the basal deflection of R~ ; cell Mt lacking ; cell 1st M2
small, with m-cu before or near mid-length.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, the basal sternites paler ;hypopygium yellowish brown. Male hypopygium with thebasistyles relatively slender, with a conspicuous iuterbasal
process, this latter chitinized, cylindrical, with a few small
deuticles at and before apex. Outer dististyle blackened,
slender, curved, gradually narrowed to the simple apex, thesurface with scattered setm ; inner dististyle about two-thirds
the length ot~ the outer, pale, the basal portion dilated andwith conspicuous erect setm, the distal third narrowed andprovided with two apical setae. Gonapophyses darkened,each apophysis appearing as an arcuated rod, the apical half
directed laterad and caudad, narrowed to an acute point.
zEdeagus bifid at apex. Ninth tergite with a broad U-shaped
notch.
Hab. Victoria.
Holotype, ~ , Sassafras, Dandenong Range, October 20,
1922 (.4. Tonnoir).
Allotopotype, ?, in cot)ula with the type.
Paralopotypes, (~ ~, October 19-21 (A: Tonnoir).

Limnophila subapterogyne, sp. n.
General coloration dark brown; nearly apterous, at leastin the female sex, the wings only twice the length of tile
reduced halteres.
Female.--Length about 4 ram. ; wing 0"5 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenn,'e 16-segmented,
of moderate length, if bent backward extending approximately to the wing-root, dark brown throughout; flagellar
segments oval, the outer segments more elongate-oval.
Head black, very sparsely pollinose.
Pronotum and mesonotum dark brown; mesonotum
moderately depressed. Pleura brown, sparsely pollinose.
Halteres reduced, obscure brownish yellow at base; theremainder dark brown. Legs with the cox~e elongate,especially the middle and hind coxae, dark brown, very
sparsely pruinose; trochanters dark brown, the fore trochanters a little brighter ; remainder of legs yellowish brown,
the tarsi passing into dark brown. Wings greatly reducedin size, only about twice the length of the halteres, dusky incolour, without distinct venation.
Abdomen elongate, dark brown. Ovipositor with the308

Mr. T. Neville George on

valves very long and slender, the tergal valves gently upcurved to the acute tips, light horn-coloured, the sternalvalves straight, blackened.
Ha3. Tasmania.
Holotype, ?, Hartz Mts., December 10, 1922 (A. Tonnoir).
The only species to which the present fly could possibly
be referred is Limnophila novella, sp. n., with which afully-winged female has already been associated, perhaps
erroneously. Snbapterism in the genus Limnophila usually
involves both sexes, and it is very possible that the male ofthe present species is likewise subapterous.

V [ --Spirifer pennystonensis, sp. n., from the Coal Measuresof Coalbrookdale. By T. N~VILLE GEo~oE, M.Se., Fellowof tim University of Wales, St. John's College,
Cambridge.
[Plate IV.]
WrttLE studying the Coal Measures of the Coalbrookdale
Coalfield, Prestwich* discovered a remarkable marine bed
at tile horizon of tile Pennystone Ironstone, which contained
a species of Spirifer t. This form was briefly described in apal~eontological appendix by J. de C. Sowerby, who included
it in the species S. bisulcatus, Sowerby+. Following him,
several geologists have recorded S. bisulcatus from Coalbrookdale§, without, however, adding anything to his
remarks.
It is ttie purpose of this paper to give a more detailed
description of the form, tile individuals of which, being
generally found as perfectly-preserved casts in iron-stone
nodules, display the internal features in minute detail.
The great majority of the specimens examined are preservedin the collections of the British Museum (Natural History)
and the Museum of Practical Geology. For facilities whileworking in the former, I am indebted to Dr. F. A. Bather,
F.R.S., and especially to Miss H. M. Muir-Wood, who on* J. Prestwieh, "The Geology of Coalbrookdale," Trans. Geol. Soc.
scr. "2, vol. v. p. 413 (1840).
t Ibid. p. 442.
I Ibid. pl. xxxix, fig. 21, and explanation.
§ \V. W. Smyth, "Iron Ores of the Shropshire Coalfields,"Mem. Geol.
Surv. p. 242 (1862) ; E. Hull, " The Classification of the Carboniferous
Series," Q. J. G. S. wA. xxxiiL p. 629 (tS77).