Stuclia Ent., vol. 15, f asc. 1-4, agosto de l!)72

New or insuflicientlvknown African Crane Flies. II.
(Tiiulidae: Diptera)Char lesP. Alex ander
Emeritus, University of Massachusetts, Department of Entomology,
Amherst, Massachusetts( Witll

43

Iigur es )In the initial paper under this general title (Studia Entomologica,Vol. XIII (n. s.), 1970) variousspeciesof crane flies
were discussedfrom the Congo, Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania,
South Africa, and Madagascar.At this time I am considering
further speciesof Tipulidae trom five separatesources.
In West Africa, Dr. John ThomasMedler,of the Departmentof Entomologyof the Universityof Wisconsin,has made extensive
collectionin various parts of Nigeria while being stationedat
the University of lfe, 1966-1970,the work to be continued.
In East Af rica, Arthur Loveridge, then at Harvard University,
collectedin Tanzaniain Januaryto April 1930.Harry Hoogstraal,
with the United StatesNaval Medical ResearchUnit, Cairo, Egypt,
U.A.R., in Kenya during June 1948. Ashley B. Gurney, of the
SystematicEntomologyLaboratory,United States Departmentof
Agriculture,Washington,in Ethiopia,during June and July 1965.
Marion E. Smith,of the Departmentof Entomology,Universityof
Massachusetts,
in Ethiopia, Uganda Kenya and Tanzania, from
October to December 1964. I am deeply indebted to all of theabove named f riends for the privilege of retaining the typematerialsof the new soeciesin the Alexander Collectionof
Crane flies.
This paper is dedicated to my dear friend and colleague
Father ThomasBorgmeieron the occasionof his eightiethbirthday.

Tipulinae
1. Nephrotoma medleri sp. n.
Size small (wing of male g mm.); mesonotal praescutum. scutum
and pleura polished black, mediotergite and pleuroteigite variegated byorange areas; halteres and legs black, bases of fore femora yellowed;
wings whitened, restrictedly patterned with brown, including the prearcularfield, cell Sc, stigma and a seam adjoining vein Cu; ibdomen black,segments two to f our orange yellow, apices broadly black; malehypopygium with outer dististyle long and narrow, eighih sternite withposterior border truncate.
25

386

Alexantler,,\lrrr,rrr (lrlt.lrlies ll

MaIe. Length, allorrl II run; \\.illg, g mnr. Frontal
prolongationof head light .r;rrrtt.,|',rlislrt.tlItlack above,nasus
slightly paler, both of thcse u,illr l,rrrli lrl;rt.ksetac; palpi with
first segmentblack, renrainingst.!rrrr.nlsl)r()\vn,thc terminalone
darker at tip. Antennaewith scaltt,,lrst,rrrt,.l.iul!{c,pedicellightbrown; flagellumbroken.Front yclr,rr',;rrrlt,ri,rvcrtex, including
the Iow tuberclemore orange,rcrrrairrrlt'r',r' vt,r'lcxclark orange,
with nunterousporrect setae,longcr oll g(,';rt,; .ccipital brandbrown.
Pronotalscutunrbroadlyblack o' sirlcs,cearcayellowecl,
darker laterally, the reduced scutellumchiefly'lrrl
brrlvn. Mesonotal
praescutum
and scutumpolishedblack,hu'rcral lr.rdcr restrictedly
yellowed; no indication of praescutalintcrspaccsrry setae orotherwise;scutellumbrown, paler behind; rrrccli.tcrgite
orangeyellow, the posteriorthird blackened,sides narr,wly darkenecl;
pleurotergitepolishedblack with a large light ycllow slighfly
elevated area. PIeura polished black, dorsopleuralnrembrane
broadly light yellow. Halteresblack. Legs, including coxae andtrochanters,
black, basesof fore femorayellowed;claws of male
relativelysmall, with a conspicuousspine at near midlength.
Wings whitened,restrictedlypatternedwith brown, includingthe
prearcularfield, cell Sc, stigma, and a seam in cell M adjoining
vein Cu; a very narrow darkening over anterior cord, cell C
slightly more yellowed;veinsblack. stigma with about six trichia
at anterior end, none in ou.ter wing cells. Longitudinalveins
beyond generallevel of cord with trichia. Venation: Cell M, ashort distance before fork of M.
Abdomen with basal segmentblack, segmentstwo to fourorange-yellow,posterior borders broadly black, outer segments
black, hypopygium,including tergite and styli, yellowed.Malehypopygium(Fig. 3) with tergite,t, narrowlytransverse,posteriorborder with two low lobes that are separatedby a deep u-shaped
emargination,the sparsespinoidsetaearrangedabout as in figure.
Ninth sternite,s, bearing a small yellow cushion,slightly widened
outwardly, apex truncated, sulface with abundant short yellow
setae. Outer dististyle,d, long and narrow, especiallythe outer
third, the length about four times the greatestwidth; inner stylewith apex of beak shallowlyemarginate,
lower beak broad, apex
obtuse,dorsal crest low, more elevatedposteriorly,region of outerbasal lobe blackened,including a slender more dorsal spine.
Phallosome,p, with apophysesshort, their outer half extended
into hyaline membrane.Eighth sternite slightly narrowed out_

387

Studia Ent., vot. 15, Iasc. l-4, agosto de 1972:--=\r'(;f' ,-','-,,t1-1lt''l}.x'--'-t'--t

I
"*''
\
8s'--

Ti p u l a2
Fi glcvicula s? n l venation nulo (Acutipula)F i e. l . T i 'sp.n.;
Fi g 3 N e p h ro t o ma mP d l e ri s p n i ma l eve n a t i o n . ae'i hi ooi c a. (A l ro l i p u l a )n y p o p y g ru m''is'v"fi u o ls,
b. basistvle;
Ma ' i e h v p o p y g i u m:i .l i " - 'n" ,i i ouel u*- d-'.i s'-ti-s- t y l e ;o d , o u t e r d i s t i s t y l e ; p , p h a l l o s o me ; s , s t e rn rl e ;i a. i nti erd, disl.istyle:l e rg l re )'l,Llfi,li|ti""o.;'I":,0^'t:oi,iif
T,ol,'"*
ri;,,,Tii,ili
i!;l,; T.]ii{f'{if;ii1t,71ti'i,*r,,i;
1 . Ti p u l a (A l ro t i p u l a )Fi gmale hypo"pygidn. ,aelhiopica .sp n i
i r i i i i i o's o.n.;wardly, with no concentrationof setae,posteriorborder truncated,without lobes or emargination.
Habitat: Nigeria.Holotype,d, l0 milesnorth of Mai Samari'North East Statc, 3,000 fcct, March 30, 1970 (Mcdler)'

3 88Alex ander ,Stuclia Ent., vol. 15, fasc. 1-4, agosto de 1972

Af r ic an C r a n e F l i e s I l

Named for Dr. John T. Medler who has secured many ne'nv andrare species of crane flies during his study of the insect fauna of
Nigeria. At present there are more than a clozen regional species of
the genus that agree with th,e new species here considered in thecoloration of the thorax, all dif f ering among themselves in details ofcoloration o{ the body and appendages and specially in hypopygial
structure. The majority of these have been discussed in an earlier paperby the writer (British Museum Natural History Ruwenzori Expedition
19 34 -35 , vol. 1, no. 7: 135- 165, f igs . l - 3 1 ; 1 9 5 6 ) . I n t h e k e y t h e r eprovided a typographical error occurs that should be corrected. Under
couplet l6 where Nephrotoma luscipennis triflava Alexander is considered
the word 'yellow' has been omitted, the correct reading being "abdomen
jet black, segments two to four yellow with narrow black apices". In
its hypopygial characters the present fly agrees most closely with theotherwise distinct Nephrotoma fuscipennis (Karsch).

2. Tipula (Acutipula) centroproducta sp. n.
General coloration of thorax yellow, praescutum with three solidly
darkened brown stripes, scutal lobes with dark areas; wings f aintly
darkened, stigma light brown; abdomen yellow with a broad black
subterminal ring; male hypopygium with posterior border of tergite
slightly produced with a slender central spiculose rod; outer dististyle
L rng an d nar r c r w, inner style with, beak narrowed, apex of lower beakpointed; eighth sternite attractively patterned with brownish black andyellow.

Male. Length, about 20 nm.; wing, lg mm. Headbroken. Prothoraxclear light yellow, sides of scutellumwith asmall brown area.Mesonotalpraescutumlight yellow with threesolid dark brown stripes,the median one narrowedbehind andvaguelydivided mediallyon more than the posteriorhalf, lateral
stripes narrower, with a disconnectedcircular brown spot on
margin opposite their anterior end; scutum light yellow, eachlobe with two contiguousdark brown areas, the posterior one
larger, central part of suture narrowly darkened;scutellumand
postnotum clear light yellow, posterior fourth of mediotergite
weakly darkened.Pleuralight yellow with more orangemarkings,
includinga broaderarea coveringmost of anepisternum,
extennedforward over the propleura, posteriorly into the dorsal pteropleurite, ventral sternopleuritesimilarly colored. Halteres withstem dark brown, base narrowly yellow, knob paler brown, itsbase obscure yellow. Legs with coxae and trochantersorange;
remainderof legs broken. Wings f aintly darkened,prearcularfield and cell Sc more yellowed,stigma light brown; veins darker
brown. Venation:Rs subequalto Rz_aiR1_2 entire;basal sectiou
of R+-r-,shortened,r-r? correspondingly
longcr; pctiolc of ccll
A1

;u ttl ltt s t t lr t ' t 1t t ; t l; nr - ( ut nt hI . 1- , s l r o r l l y

l l t 'l o r t '[orlr.

389

Abdomenyellow,basal segmentclear orange;a broad black
subterminal ring that includes tergites tive through seven andsternites six and seven, with outer two-thirds of tifth; eighthsternite, 8s, conspicuouslypatterned, chiefly brownish black'anterior third broadly yellow, posteriorborder with narrow yellow
areas on sides and at midline, with a turther small yellow spoton eitherside; remainderof hypopygiumorange'Male hypopygium(Fig. ) with the tergite,l, distinctive;posteriorborder at midline
slightly produced,the margin with low lateral lobulesand a more
slendercentralrod providedwith crowdedblack spinules,laterallobules with very sparse blackenedpoints and numerouslong
yellow setae.Ninth sternite,9s, with a narrow brush of long
yeilow setae, more caudad with smaller setae. Dististyles about
as tigured, outer style, od, long and narrow, its length about
five times the greatestwidth at shortly beyond midlength,apex
subacute;inner style, id, aboul as shown' beak narrow' gently
lobe
curved,lower beak a slenderrod, its tip acute; outer basal
large'
8s
sternite'
anclother outgrowthsabout as figured' Eighthto very slightlyconvex,withoutsetae;
posterior*r.gin subtruncatebyihe conspicuousdarkenedpattern above describedis shownstippling.
Habitat: Tanzania'Holotype, 6l, Igale, Tanganyika'April
24, l93O (Loveridge).
Report'(Ri*:.11,o-tl
ol Acutipula^
By my key to the Airicanspecies
jg.coupiet28' including
this species-ru1s
1956,pp.'165: 169)
^Tipulaall(A') kinangopensis.(Riedel)'<iuitiiiO kenia Alexandlrand T'
and in hypopygial
oittering evidently in details of coloration-structure'th,at of T. (4.)
irr. niiil,l tergite ot ttre present ily is most similar to
sjostedti Alexinder yet quite distinct in details'

3. Tipula (Acutipula) levicula sp' n'maleBelongs to the zambeziensis group; size medium, wing oi
praescutal
14 mm.); thoracic dorsum obscure yellow anteriorly, theindicated, this region.with very abundant.microscopic
stripes veiy vaguely-pleurauniformly clear light yellow; legs light brown'
black setuiae,
darkened; wings subhyaline, stigma long-oval'more
femora.ilgttttyoftips
yellowish
nio*n, outer half oi vein R, -, atrophied; abdominal tergites
yellow;brown, narrowly darkened lit&ally, sternites and hypopygium
into aproduced.
tergiteofposteriorborderwithmale hypopygium
plate, ih" up.* divided to form two unarmed blades;.tepresse,i-tiati'ened
dense
inner clististyle with dorsal crest slightly elevated, provided withpoint'
blackenedayellorv setae, lower beak
, N la l c .

*-l r r . o l o r r {; r l i o r t oI
; r t ; r l ) r , x , l t ; l \ 1\l - cn g th ,about

1 4 n l n .;wing,

14 mm.

Fr o n ta ll tt';ttl l i g l tt o r a ttg e , n a r r o w l y d a r kcn cd l a te r a l l yv( ,ty sl r o r l ; p ;r l p i l r l ;tt'k, l l r i l tl s( 'g l l l ( 'l l l 1 .r ,r l t'r .

3 90

t
t

i

I

I

l
I

I

j

J

Alex ander ,Af r ic an C r a n e F l i e s I I

Antennaewith scapeand pedicelyellow; remainderbroken. Headbehind dark orange, anterior vertex behind the antennal fossae
appearing subhyaline to shiny nacreous,possibly representing
an abnormalcondition.
Pronotum and mesonotal praescutum and scutum almost
uniformly obscure.yellow,the four praescutalstripes very poorly
indicated;praescutum,scutum and base of scutellumwith very
abundantsmall to microscopicblack setulaeincludingthe praescutalmore sparsemediallyat the suture;posteriorpart orinterspaces,
scutellum,parascutellaand postnotummore yellowed,glabrous.
Pleura unifornly clear light yellow. Halteresdark brown. Legs
with coxae and trochantersclear light yellow; a single (fore)leg remains,light brown, tips of femora slightly more darkened;
fore tibiae without spurs. Wings (Fig l) subhyaline,stigma
brown, long-oval; veins dark brown. Sparsetrichia on veinsRa-5
and distal sectionoI M1. Venation:Rs relativelylong, subequal
to Rz-si outer half of vein R1-2 atrophied;m subequalto petioleof cell M1; m-cu shortly before fork of M3-a.
Abdominal tergites light yellowish brown, narrowly moredarkenedlaterally,sternitesand hypopygiumyellow. Male hypopygium (Fig.6) with posteriorborder of tergite, l, produced
yellow blade, outwardly divided into
into a clepressed-tlattened
two slightly divergent plates without armature. Inner f ace ofbasistyle,b, with long yellow setae,becoming more abundantand longer on the adjoining ninth sternite.Outer dististyle,od,
nearly f our times as long as broad, apex narrowed;inner style
as shown, beak narrowly obtuse,dorsal crest slightly elevated,
provideclwith dense yellow setae,lowcr beak extendedinto a
blackenedpoint, face of style above thc beak with a triangularlobe. Eighth sternitcwith posteriorborder nearly truncate,unrnoditied,the setaesntall and scattered.
Habitat: Nigeria. Holotype, d , llc-lfe, May 25, 1969
( Medler) .
In th, e Ruwenz or i Repor t , 1956, c i t e c l u n c l e r t h e p r e c e d i n g s p e c i e s ,th e va rious gr oups of s pec ies int o wh i c h t h e s r r b g e n u s A c u t i p t t l o h a s
been diviclecl are listecl. The present fly belongs to the zambezicnsis
sro up J w hic h inc ludes in ac lc lit ion t o t h e t y p i c a l s p e c i e s , a l s o t h , elrrllowing: Tir:ula (Acutipula) ants.sa Alexantler, of Alozambique, T.
(A.) arr . s pic i. sAlex anc ler , Cam er oon, T . ( . 4 . ) d a h o m i e n s i s A l e x a n t i e r ,Dah ome y , and 7. ( A. ) or y x Alex anc le r , C a m e r o o n . A l l o f t h e s e s p c c i e scliffe r a m ong t hem s elv esin hy popy gial c h a r a c t e r s a n c l a l s o i n t h e l e n a . t l t ,an cl struct ur e of t he m ale ant ennae.

S t u d i a En t., vo l ' 1 5 , fa sc' 1 - '1 , a g o sto d e 1 9 7 2391

4. Tipula (Acutipula) loveridgei sp' n'of entire body
Belongs to the zamheziensis'group; general coloration
orange;darker
with
patterned
lobes
light oran-ge,praescutum and scutalblack to form aabdomen yellow, segments seven and eight brownish
segmenls darker; wings very light brown'-;ligtttly"
ring; legs light brown, outerdarker brown; mile hypopyg.ium.withcell Sc and the stigma
into trvo Ilattened smooth blades;
ot'ieigite-produced
port.i.,borderhigh , r e g i o n o f o u te r b a sa l l o b e a
i n n e r d i s t i s t y l e w i th a i i i "f'cr e st
projection; posterioi
broad f lattened plate, near its base with a smallera concentratlon
withmitjlineaiconvex,
gentlyborcler of eighth sternite
of long yellow setae.

Lengt h, about 18- 19 m m '; wing' 16'5- 17 nim ';M a l e. lightantenna, about 3. 5- 3. 7 m m . Fr ont al pr olongat ior e of head
t
er
nr
inal
br
or
vn'
light
palpi
nasus;
longol ange, i ncl u ding t heobsciri: cpeciiccl
yellow,light
scape
segni rrt bl ack. Ant cnnae wit h
enlar
gcnr
eir
ts
sm
all
t
he
y.Il o* , fl agellur n br ownish black t o blacl<,longcstbases;
of tl te segn ent s vaguely br ight er at ext r er ler villr a
verti ci l s suhc qual t o t he segm ent i' I - lcad lir l: t or ang( "vcry vague d ar ker or ange cent r ai st r ipe'
r vit ] t
P ronotttnr or ange. M csonot iint light or ange. pr a( : . Ct lt t llr l
palr
ccnt
r
al
lir
e
st
r
ipes'
four poorl y inclicat ecl clar ker or angel tearl yconfl ucnt 'scLt t allobeseachr vit ht woslir lilar lyccllt lr et l
I 'r 'ir h st cnr
a' cas. P l cura alm ost unif or r llly li51htor angc' Halicr es
l '':gs r'r'ith
ligirt brorvn, base narrowly yellow, llllob darkcr bro'uvn
br 's': s- nt or ccJxae orange, t r ochant er syellow; f em or a light br o"vir 'tarsi dar ker
an'i
t
ibiae
yel l ow ed, ti ps nar r owly dar ker br own;tooth'brow n; cl aws of nr alc snt all, wit h a conspicuous- Wings
br or nr n;darkervcry l i ght br own, cell Sc and t he st igr t t a.slight lyi:rceedingslight ly
vei ns cl ark browir . Vcnat ion: Rs r clat ively long,shor
t er t har . it i; m - cu
M
,
ccll
of
pct
iole
R 2-3; vei n R1- 2 ent ir e;
cl osc to {ork of M '; - 1.
A bdontc n or angc yciior v, lat er al bor der s of t cr git es nair owly
e ilcnt S,1cr - 1iir 's
bro," l i n,l l eco nr ir r gslight ly r vider on int cr r t t eciia. tscgt
a. nt l cigir t
fi ve anl l si x slight ly dar ker at nlidline, segt llellt s scvenclar kcr
six
ancl
f
ivc
st
er
t
lit
es
r
ing;
a
brow ni sh l tlack io t or t t thypop)'giur ll
M
alc
or
ange'
ycl i otr,,thart b asal segr lli'nt s;hypopygiulll
t wo
int
ci
pr
oducecl(Fi g. 5l w it h post er it lr Lr or clerof t cr git c, l,t ips
i l ati encd sl i ght ly elevat ed t wist ed biades, wit l- t 'ut ar nlat llr e,
nint
h
of
cl ccurved,i n lat er al asPcct appear ir lg pt lint ccl' Appenclagc
slcucler 'sterni te,9.s, aboLlt as sh( ) wn, appcar ing clavat c' st enlDist
ist ylessctar:'spinoicl
apcx cxpanclcd,pr ovidecl r 'vit h nunler oLls
at t t l
hif
lh
cr
cst
t
lor
sal
: r st yle, id, r vit h,
al t0ut as shor ; r , r r inn,tl a r l l l 'c o n s p i c L t c l u s; l o r t'e r b e a k a sh r l r t sl i g h tl y cttr ve:rl r l ";r 'l
r t , 'l t 'r t t t l 'l v t l a r ktl tt'tl ; r t'r l i o tl r ti r l i l tt'l l l ;ts;tl l ') l ) \'ti s :t p t
ll r' rr'

39 2

Alex ander ,Af r ic an C r a n e F l i e s I I

plate, its apex gently concave,the upper Iobule with a groupof short erect setae,at base of lobe with a smaller projection,
its posterior margin densely f ringed with short yellow setae.
Eighth sternite,8s, with long conspicuous
yellow setaeat midlineof the convexposteriorborder.
Habitat: Tanzania (Tanganyika). Holotype, 6, Kigogo,
Ugungwe Mts., at light, January 14, 1930 (Loveridge). paratopotype, d.
This interesting f ly is named for Arthur Loveridge, distinguished_,student of the herpetology and natural history of Africa. The spJcies isnrost nearly related to certain south African members of the zambeziensis
group.of Acutipula that have been discussed in an earlier paper by
the writer (Tipulidae, in South African Animal Life, vol. 10, pp. ZbS_ZSi;
1964). In this faunal area the following species occur: Tipula iActttipula)grahamiana Alexander (grahami Alexander, preoccupied), of Natal, T.
(A.) milanjensrs Alexander, Malawi (Nyasaland), T. (A.) zambeziensis
Alexander, Northern and Southern Rhodesia, and T. (A.\ zuluensis
Alexander, southern Rhodesia and Natal. Additional allied species of
the group from tropical Africa have been Iisted under the preceding
species.The various species are most readily distinguished by hypopygiai
characters,including especiallythe tergite, appendage of th,e ninth sternite,
and the inner dististyle.

5. Tipula (Afrotipula) aethiopica sp. n.
Size medium (wing of male nearly '16 mm.) ; general colorationof praescutum light yellow with four pale brolvn stripes that are narrowly
bordered by pale brown; pleura almost uniformly light brownish ye[ow;antennae very short in both sexes; legs yellow, tips of femora brownish
black, claws of male simple; wings yellowed, stigma small, clear yellow;
a restricted pattern of small dark brown spots; cell M, sessile; abdominal
tergites brown, sides yellowed, sternites more broadly dark brown, theyellow sides chie{ly concealedbeneath the tergal borders; male hypopygiumwith tergite very narrowly transverse, the width from side to side about
five times the length, each end o{ tergite with two separate groups ofb lacke ne d spinoid pegs .

M a le. - Length,about 15 mm.; wing 15.5 mm.; antenna,
about2.5 mm. Female.- Length,about l7-18 mm.; wing 17-17.s
mm.; antenna,about 2.9-3 mm. Frontal prolongationof headyellow, nasus short and stout, with long pale yellow setae;
proximal two segmentsof palpi obscureyellow, outer segments
brownish black. Antennaevery short in both sexes,as shownby the measurements,
yellow virtually throughout,in male withou.tersevensegmentsnarrowly darkenedbasally; verticils slightly
exceedingthe segments.Head brownishyellow with a capillarybrown vitta extending f rom the low vertical tubercle to the
occinut.

Studia Ent., vol. 15, Iasc. l-4, agosto de 1972

Pronotumbrownishyellow. Mesonotalpraescutumwith groundlight yellow with four pale brown stripes that are narrowly
borderedby pale brown, on iniermediatestripes including only
the outer margins,the midline a slightly darker brown capillary
vitta; scutumbrownishyellow,scutellumand postnotumsomewhat
clearer yellow, with a very vague central darkening; vestitureofpraescutalinterspacespale, very small and appressed'Pleura
almos,tuniformly light brownish yellow, cleareron metapleuraandmeron, anteriorscleritesvaguely darker; dorsopleuralmembraneorange.Haltereswith stem obscureyellow, knob weakly infuscated.
Legs with coxaeyellow, posteriorpair clearer,trochantersyellow;
femora yellow, tips brownish black, slightly more extensiveon
fore legs where nearly one-fifth the segmentis included;tibiae
obscureyellow, tips more narrowly darkened;tarsi dark brown
to black; clawssimple;tibial spurslong.Wings (Fig' 2) yellowed,
prearcularand costalfields,with the small stigma,cleareryellow;
very small dark brown spots at origin of Rs, tip of vein Sc2
and over outer end of cell lst M2; veins light brown, darker
in the patternedareas, yellow in the brightenedcostal field'
Venation:Sc1 preserved;Rs long about two and one-halftimes
R2-3; cell Mr sessile,more broadly so in male; m-cu ioining
ruu some distancebeyond the erect base, this basal sectionwith
a few trichia.
In male, abdominaltergites broadly dark brown medially'sidesyellow, lateral marginsgrayishon outer segments;sternites
medially almost uniformly brownish black to black; in female,abdominal segmentsmore uniformly paler, sternitesbeyond theyellow basal segmentdark brown medially,lateral bordersbroadly
yellow but concealedbeneaththe tergal margins except in gravid
females.Ovipositorwith cerci long and slender'nearly straight'
very
Male hypopygium(Fig. 7) with ninth tergite,l, transversely
narrow, the iength at midline only about one-fifth the breadthfrom side to side; lateralends of tergitewith two separategroupsof blackenedpeglike setae, the inner or more posteriorgroupwith fewer pegs; posteriorborder of tergite slightly producedat
midline, with numerouslong yellow setae.Basistyle,b, on mesal
lobe providedwith long setae'Dististyles'
face with a conspicuous
differing slightly on the two sides'
apparentlyd, aboutas shown,as indicatedby the subiigure;rostral prolongationof inner styleelongate'with aedeagus
long anclstraight,apexobtuse.Phallosome
gonapophyses
apparcntlylacking.

ti

i

3 94

Alex ander ,S t u cl i a En t., vo l .1 5 ,Af r ic an C r a n e F l i e s I l

Habitat: Ethiopia.Holotype,6, Bahat Dar, Lake Tana, arlight, December6, 1964 (Marion E. Smith). Allotopotype' I'
4 I 9 , December
pinnedwith one paratypefemale'Paratopotypes,
on slide'
mounted
wings
by
only
6-7, 1964, one repres'ented
Two ot her s pec ies of t he s ubgenus A l r o t i p u l a A l e x a n d e r . h a v e . b e e n
Tipula (Afrotipula) infracta
describecl, inclucling the subgenotype,'(A.)
brachycera Riedel, of Kenya' These
Ale*andei, of Uganlda, and T'
have the male antennae longer than in the present f ly and wit}' therrvpopvgiu distinct. The wing pattern in the three species differs slightly,
thenLing'riost distinct in inf raiti. The length, of the male antennae in
a
nd
4
m
m
';
b
r
a
c
h
y
c
e
r
a
,
m
m
';
6.
57
about
r
ac
t
a
.p..iL . is f or inf
aethiopica, 2.5 mm.
Limoniinae
Limoniini

6. Limonia (Atypophthalmus) gurneyana sp. n.
Size m edium ( wing of m ale 7 m m . ) ; m e s o n o t u m b r o w n , s i c l e s
the pleura; legs light brown; wings weakly
yellowed,-rlarkenecl,including also
stigma distinct; male hypopygium with dististyle unequallybilobed, rostral prolongation a long glabrous blade with a very long
slender rod on outer mirgin at base; gonapophysesappearing as powerful
flattened yellow blades.

Male. - Length, about 6.5 mm.; wing, 7 mm. Rostrum
slender,about one-halfthe renainderof head,brown; palpi black.
Antennaewith scapeand pedicelblack; flagellumbroken. Headbrownish gray; anterior vertex narrow, less than the diameterof two rows of ommatidia.
Pronotal scutum brown medially,scutellumand pretergites
clear light yellow. Mesonotalpraescutumbrown, sides broadly
yellow; scutal lobes brown, central area yellow; scutellumand
mediotergitelight brown, parascutella,pleurotergiteand pleura
light yellow, sternumweakly infuscated.Haltereswith stem dirty
white, knob brown. Legs with coxae and trochanters yellow;
remainderof legs light brown (tarsi broken). Wings weakly
darkened,stigma subcircular,darker brown; veins dark brown.
Longitudinalveins beyond general level of origin of Rs withtrichia. Venation:Sc long, Sc2 ending about oppositefour-fifths
Rs, Scr, shorter; cell lst M2 longer than Ma, m-cu close tofork of M.
Abdominal tergites brown, basal sternites light ycllow,
posteriorends very vaguely darker; ninth segmententirely lillltt
yellow, remainder of hypopygiun conspicuouslyblack' Male
hypopygium (Fig. 1l ) with tergite, t, very large, transv('r's('l\rotttcrntostsetaCin a transverserow baCk frrttlt ttl;ttl'ttt
srrl.trtval,

fa sc. l - 4 , a g o sto d e 1 9 7 2

Basistyle,b, with ventromesallobe large and conspicuous'beforeup." in lower margin with an incision'the apical lobule small;oresetae of lobe sparse and small; on mesal face of style bef
severalwithtippedisthat
apex with a strong f ingerlike lobed'long yellow setae,the longest exceedingthe lobe' Dististyle'unequalslightlyunu"suallycomplex, the body consistingof twothewith unusuallylong setae,the longestequal to or exceeding
to thelobes; rostral prolongationlong, glabrous,nearly equal
longerbody of style, at base on outer margin with an even
a
with
base
near
prolongation
slender rod; lower margin ofg,gonapophyses,
withsmall setiferous tubercle. Phallosome
tips
appearingas powerful flattenedyellow blades,the narrowed
broadestbefore midlength'
otiur.; ieOeagusdepressed-flattened,projectingbeyond apex
tubes
genitalwith two elevated,idg..,of aedeagus.
Habitat: Ethiopia.Holotype,51, Jimma,June 29 - July 1'
1965 (GurneY).
Ashley B'
This very distinct f ly is named f or the collector' Dr'
Massachusetts' anofUniversity
atthestudent
formermy
Gurney,o u t s t a n c t i n g " a u th o r i tyo n th e o r th o p te r a a n d se ve r a l o th e r sm a l l e r i n se ct
Brunettiorders. The Airican species of the subgenus Atypophthalmus
Ent'
Amer'
(Trans'paper
eailieraninwriterhave been-S1 listed by theisflv
present
theofhypopygium+:-+S; iSOS). f h. maleS".,'
respects stlgg?strnginsomespecies,
other
of
that
fiom
aitt.r.nt
u.ryAlexander' of Central
trr,ai ot Limonia <aiiiointnotmus) .' subme.ndica
had not been
unJ We.t Af rica. This latter specres and some others
referred there'beshouldapparently
but
present
subgenus
included in the

7. Limonia (Dicranomyia) guttula (Alexander)
gatturaDicranomvia.Alexandu;",L?i't".ui,l;*.tk",fn'n,l'r1;-srz; rsso'
ldi'"*.1_'"i' ,931'trzi1l6?r]t
Ann.Mag N'iil''Hr'.il'
Arexanirrc;'/if{tXf{','3,,lT|',t,f,i!'"i"":"
The present f ly now is known to have a vast rangc in
the old v/orld, as shown by the following record of stations.
Mozambique (type of guttula); Cameroon
Ethiopian: ( type of pauciguttata); Nigeria- Ile-lfe' October 27, 1969
(Medler); Cape Verde Islands (vide Nielsen,Notulae ffi., 46"l8; 1966); Madagascar.
Oricntal: - Ceylon, Province Deerwood,Kuruwita (Lundl:xpc,liti,rrr,l1Xi2).
.\rr'tr,tl;tsi;ttt: Nt'w Cttinca,Hollandia,January21, 1945(l V l r,

,,l

.ttr)

l-4' agosto de 1972
Studia Ent., vol. 15, fasc'
Alex ander ,397

Af r ic an Crane Flies ll

sp. n'

8. Limonia (Tricholimonia) sparsisetosaof thorax
13 m m ' ) I .g e n e r a l c o l o r a t i o nSize larg e ( wing. , of m aleanchor-shaped mark'u"lontpitoout'btalkeneo
yellow, praescutum *'i'pattern;tft"' pft"ra with further blackened
remainder oI nctum
blackened;broadly"tips""0femora Ve^1ow'
knobs of halteres brownish black-;slightly ciarker;
I ight br own' s i i g m a 'o n l y
wit
h
t
inged
stron
gly
win gstwelver abdomen vello''v'iltuiseve'n'stismal trichia relativttv:;;tt;'';;*;;i";,abo-ut
intiruts sesments six andwith a conspicuous bi"#li;;of Dicra'nomyta'
type
the-generalof-withhypopygium yellow; turt t''ypopygium
two decurved
lr;g;- fleshy ventruL ttylt"tongwith two dististyles, ;;and slender' pale'
ulty
ront
spinesr gonapophysis *iir'^t"t?r-tiitir

wing' 13 mm'-; antenna
Male. - Length,about 15 mm';
terminal segment
brown,
palpi
about 2.2 mm. Rosirum yellow,
yellow' the
light
and
blackened.Antennae with scape.,pedicel
segments
brown'
flagellum lightlatter with numerousblack setae;theverticils'
here with longslightly dilated at midlength andtheoftwice the length
longest unilaterally arranled, aboutyellow' vertex obscure yellow
segment. Head with troni tightside'*ittt u more brownish cloud on either
black central
conspicuousawithyellow
Pronotal scutum
yellow' Mesonotal praescutum
stripe, scutellum and pretergites"sides'with a polished black centralorange, paling to yellow onwith short oval lateral
stripe, at the suture becoming confluent
pattern; scutum yellow' eachareas to form an anchor shipedscutellum densely golden
lobe with a single major blaik area;orange yellow; mediotergite
yellow pollinose,parascutellamore
posteriorly'pleurowith anterior half polished yellow' blackened
circular brownish black spot
tergite dull yellow with a small
pleura yellow, mesepisternumextensively
before the harter.
sternothe wing base' one
blackened,a dorsal u'"u '"uthing-on. Legs
black'
knob brownish
pleurite smaller. Huitt"' yelloi"
femora yellow, tips broadly
orange;with coxae uno t..t'"nters
blackened at apices' tarsi
blackened; tiUiae brownish yello-w'
with.about six-or sevenbrownish black; claws of male small'basal series very small andteeth, ,the outermost largest, thetinged with.yellowish brown
crowded. Wings aFig B; strongly
slightly darker; veinsbrown'
or light brown, the sriall 'tig*u only
trictria very lew in number'C, Sc and R paler brown' Stigmai
figure indicatedby stippling)'
totalling about a dozen or lesslin
enJing iust before fork, ot Rs'
Venation,S, ..ru]iu.ly iong, Sc,
times
str-aigtrt'about two and one-half
Sc2 shorter; nt
tolengthin"t"tiyIst M2 subequal.
the basal section of Ra_5; ceilM'ofat or close to lork
distal section of vein nir-,; m-cu

t2

1le

T7

o,E;,^*;,r!,i{t"\':,"'![':!.?','I:,:ifi""ryi:'sl:'f9"'i;giij3"rrirrgfi,'fi,;"ir1#ri#;,,^'f,*l'?t*F,!,i;,,Ai'Ili;q3;J.-",,jtiii,r*,,i,,,h,n:;:n,:i'1,,X',:f:f::1,5fi;il,'ii'r"-

riipo'pvg"''',r"nil:in,'i11:i;^rifig!;'tid*tit3"'iunkw'1.,1-;:
beyond bas-ewith aAbdonrenyellow, fifth segment.justtttonO ?nd third-sternitestai{]1^11rt<e0
narrow blackened'ing,
black to form a consplcuouswith brownl segments"sixand seven
the hypopygial parts' yellow'
ring; outer r.g*"ni., including

S t r r tl i a En t., v,,1 . 1 5 , f a sc. l - - 1 , a l o st,, tl e Ig 7 2

Af r ic an C r a n e F l i e s l lAlex ander ,398

Male hypopygium (Fig. 12) ot the generaltype of the subgenus
Dicranomyio,'tergite,l, narrowly transverse,lateral ends narrowed
and directed cephalad,posterior border very broadly thickened,
setae concolorouswith the membrane.Basistyle,b, about twofifths the area of the ventral dististyle,ventromesallobe simple,
long and stout. Dististyle, d, with dorsal style a stout rod,
gently curved, outer sixth narrowed into a straight spine; ventral
style large and tleshy, rostral prolongationsmall, on slide mountdecurved,with the two spines directed cephalad,sessile,acutely
pointed. Gonapophysis,g, with mesal-apicallobe very long andslender, pale. Aedeaguswith base stout, apex with a single
rounded lobe.
Habitat: Ethiopia.Holotype,d, Jimma,June 29 - July 1'
1965 (Gurney).
Th,e subgenus Tritholimonia Alexancler (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
9 l: 5l; 1965) inc ludes t en s pec ies pr e s e n t l y k n o w n , a l l o f l a r g e s i z e
a nd som ey lr at s t r ik ing gener al appea r a n c e . A l l a r e f r o m A f r i c a a n dMadagascar, inclucling basides the subgenotype, Limonia (Tricholintonia)
to ng oe ns is ( Alex ander ) , of t he Dem o c r a t i c R e p u b l i c o f C o n g o a n c lc om ut a ( Alex ander ) , N i g e r i a , A n g o l a ; L . ( T ) e d w a r t l s i
Ug an da ; L. Q )(.Alexan der ) , 1' angany ik a; L. ( 7. ) gr a h a m i ( A l e x a n c l e r ) , G h a n a ( ( i o l dhum phr ey i ( Alex anc l e r ) , N i g e r i a ; L . ( ? " . ) i m i t a t r i x
Cr-rast); L. ( f . )Alexan cl er , Uganda; L. ( ?. ) r enaut li A l e x a n c l e r , M a c l a g a s c a r ; L . ( T . )sch ou tetleniAlex ant ler , Dem oc r at ic Rep u b l i c o f C o n g o ; L . ( f . ) z ? r n ) t a n a
Alexan rler , Tangany ik a, and t he nov elty p r e s e n t l y c l e s c r i b e d .T h , i s s p e e i e s
is nrost sintilar Io (om!)t0, clifferins from this antl fronl all others listecl'l untber of stigmal
in the b O c ly and wing c O lor at iO n,and i n t h e r e c l u c e c ntrichia ol ihe wings . I n t his s ubgent t s t h e m a l e h y p o p y g i u n l i n g e n e r a l
fe atu res i s nt os t s im ilar t o s pec iesin t h, e o t h e r w i s e v e r y t l i f f e r e n t s t r b g e n t t s
Dit'ra no r ny ia St ephens and quit e dis t i n c t f r o n l t h e c o n t l i t i o n f o t t n c { i noth er re gional s ubgener a.

Size m ec lium ( wing- of m ale t o 5. 5 m m . ) ; a n t e n n a e s h o r t ; m e s o n o t a l
pra escu t um br ownis h y elk r w wit h a b r o a c l b r o w n c e n t r a l s t r i p e a n c l
na rrow p aler br own lat er al ar eas , lt os te r i o r s c l e r i t e s o f n o t L t n l y e l l o w e t l ;leg s o bs c ur e y elI r w, out er t ar s al s e g n t e n t s b r o w n , t e r m i n a l s e g m e n t
with ep ic onc ly le, c law wit h t wo v er y l o n g s p i n e s ; w i n g s s u b h y a l i n e ,lun pa tter nec l,out er r adial and m ec lia l v e i n s w i t h m a c r o t r i c h , i a ; m a l ehypo pygium wit h inner dis t is t y le s lig h t l y c l e c u r v e c la t a p e x , p r o v i c l e dwith nu m er ous pale s et ae.
Lengt h,4. 5 - 5

1 nr r n. Fenr ale. -an ten na , about
wing ,5.5 - 6. 5

about

nr r n. Ros t r unr

lnnl.;

wing,

5-5.5

Length,about

4.5-5.5

rrrrtt.;

gray;

palpi

ltlack,r c lat iv e l y

long,lon g arr d c ons pic uous , t er nr inal s t ' g l r . l c n t o n c - h a l fthircl. Ant ennae

blac k ,r elat iv ely

short;

llagellar

Irrrgcr than the penult im at e. Head gr ay, t he br oad post er ior ver t cx
w cakl y i nfusca t ed.
Prothorax elongate, brownish black. Mesonotal praescutumwith ground brownish yellow, with a broad brown central stripe
and very pale brown narrower lateral areas, the central stripe
in cases paler brown with a capillary dark brown line; scutalIobes pal e brown, m edian r egion and m ost of post er ior scler it esof notum yel l o wed, m ediot er git e weakly m or e dar kened behind.
I)l eura chi efl y br ownish yellow t o light br own, pt er opleur it e
sl i ghtl y darker. Halt er es wit h st em yellow, knob weakly inf uscat ed.
I-egs w i th coxae and t r ochant er syellow; r em ainder of legs obscur e
ycl l ow , outer t ar sal segm ent s br own; t er m inal segm ent wit h
cpi condyl e and dist inct subapical lobe, claws long and slender ,each w i th tw o ver y long soines, t ho m or e basal one shor t er .
W i ngs (Fi g. 9) subhyaline,unpat t er ned; veins br own' out er r adial
vei ns, excl udi n g Ra- 5, paler and nt or e delicat e. M acr ot r ichia on
cl i stal one-thi rd t o one- half of vcin R: r and ou out er ends of Ra- 5
ancl mcdi al br a. nches. Vcnat ion : Rz- s subcqual t o Rz i M t - r
subeqi ral to b asal sect ion of A41- "; n7- cu near ly in alignnlent
w i th R :.
A bcl oruen clar k br or vn, r lt alc hypopygiLr nl and base of oviposi tor i n cas cs nr or e yellowecl. M ale hypopygiunr ( Fig. 13)
rt' i th procti uer scr nioval in out line, clist al encl r , vit h scat t er ed
cl el i catesttac. Basist yle, b, long, allout t wicc t he snlall dist ist ylcs,
d, the l attcr ver y shailowly unit cci at bascs; out cr st yle nar r on'ccl
s' radual l y to th e acut e t ip, inne'r st yle wit h t he slight ly dccur vecl
apex provi cl ecl r ^, 'it h nut llcr ot ls palc sct ac. Phallosolt t c, P, wit huonapophyscs bif icl, t he inncr ar lt l a llar r o\ v paclclle; accleagus
vcry sl encl cr.

9. Antocha (Orimargula) tana sp. n.

M a Ic.

l "' ,

nru.;

longcr tltan tltt's e g r l c r t t s o r '; t l ,slig htly c x c c eding t heir v c r t ic ils , t er n t i n a l s e g l n c n t a b o t t t o r t c I t ; t l l

l -l abi tat: Et hiopia. Holot ype, 6 , Bahar Dar , Lakc Tana,sourcc of thc Bluc Nilc, Dcccnt b, : r 6, 1964 ( Nlar ion E. Snlit h. l.
s, nullr er ous d ? , r vit h t hc t ypes,' \l l otopotype, ? . Par at opot ype[)eccnrber6-8, 1964 ( Sr nit h) , July 4, 1965 ( G Lr r ncy) .
The E thi opianspeciesoI Ar t t ocha ( O r int ur gulu)have been list ed
rrr rr recentpap er by t he wr it er ( Th, e Ent om r . r logist, \ ,,I a1'1967,yt . 127;
tttti T). Important char act er sf r . r r separ at ingt he num er ousspeciesar cl rrr1111l
i 1 the arm at ur eof t he t ar si, includingt he lr r esenceor absence,,1 l n epi condyle( a ct inspicuous
lobe near base oi vent r al sLt r iaceoi
tt l rrri nal seument ) and t he num ber s of m ajor spines olt t he clau's.
\ rrrcngthesespe ciest he m ost sim ilaris At t t ot : ha( O r im ar gula)t r t t nsvct nlit t\ l t' rrrncl er,
which difler s in r elat ivelym in, r r
of Transvaalancl Rhoclesia,
L1r;rf:r' tcrs
claws and hypopygiumI.n t his lat t cr species
oJ th e ant ennae,
tl r, l t' rnri naiant ennalsegnent is shor t ert lt an t he penult im at e.

Al e x a n d e r,

400

Hexatomini
10. Paradelphomyia (Oxyrhiza)

platymera sp' n'gray' pleura ,faintly
General coloration of thorax dark brownish r"estrictedly
patterned
yellowed,
sfigrrtrywings'matro&ichiastriped; legs light uro*rr",'
to M''
R'
cells
oi
tntit
in" outet
with pale brown, *iilr
paler',posteriii
sternites
b1ow1,
inclusive;abdominalt.igit.t-auirt
slightlyouter style ::'dtt'pale; male hypopy.giufiwith dististylesterminai' broad, apical point
gonapophysis
end;distaltrtsprnous
theexnanrledatverv

s m a ll.

Length, about 4.5 mm.; wing, 5 mm' Female'
Male. and PalPi- Length, about 5 mm'; wing 5.5-5.8 mnt. Rostrum
brown.
black; flagellumbroken. Head dark graYish
scutumPronotum dark brown. Mesonotal praescutum andscutellumgra!
ichiefly dark brown, very slightly dusted withpruinose'sparsely
yellow'
obscureobscureyellow, medioteigite
still. moreposteriorthird darkenedon either side, pleurotergite
sternopleurite
ventralandprrinor.. Pleura with anepisternum
and ventral
dark brown, sparselypruinose,dorsal sternopleurite
moreyellowedto producea faint stripedappearance'
pteropleurite
knob weakly
Haltereswith stem light yellow, base still brighter'yellow' remainderinfuscated.Legs witli coxae and trochantersprearcularyellowed'slightlyl0)
of legs light brown"Wings (Fig'palerestrictedaand costalfields more .o"n.picuou'lybrightened;
and
Rs
of
originatbrown pattern that includesa small cloud
with
M2'
Ist
of cellnarrow seamsat Sc2, cord and outer endof all longitudinal
ends
at
marks
f urther small inconsf,icuou'
outer radial andinevident
nlore
veins exceptingR5, larger andMacrotrichiain
anal fields; stigma paie brown; veins brown'
M3 inclusive'tostigmal region ind in outer ends of cells R:r
Venation:Sct ending
their positionsabout as shownby stipplings'
R2 faint' subequalto
belore to nearly oppositefork of Rs; vein
veinslightly longer
R1-2 and R2-3; cell M, lacking, lst M2
-than
M3-a'
varying from aboui one-thirdto one-tifth
tini
^-ru
yellowish
Abdominal tergites dark brown, sternites more
hypopyglurll'pale;brown to light brown, their posteriorborders
Male hypt-rpytlittrtr
yellowed'
more
especiallytf,e ninth segment'style blackctrcil'
outerterminal;d,(Fig. Al with dististyles,
rnajor spillts'
three
with
,fig"ntfyexpandedat outer end' apex
nlargin witlt
the" lower pair widely separated,the intervening
threeorfourmicroscopicteeth;innerstylelargeancllleslr'y'tltt'g, broad' apical poirri tt'ty
outer margin bilobed.Gonapophysis,
srrrall.

401

Stud,ia Ent., vol. 15, fasc. 1-,1, agostr-rcle 1972

Afri c an C rane Fl i es Il

Flabitat: Ethiopia.Holotype,i, Jimma,June 29 - July I,
2 I9.
1965 (Gurney). Allotopotype,9. Paratopotypes,
Among the approximately ten Ethiopian species of the genus presently
known, the present f ly is most similar to Paradelphomyia (Oxyrhiza)
luurei (Alexander), presently known from Southern Rhodesia and Natal,
dif fering in the less heavily patterned wings and in details of the
hypopygium, particularly the outer dististyle and the gonapophyses.

I 1. Austrolimnophila (Austrolimnophila) agma sp. n.
Size medium (wing of male 8.5 mm.) ; mesonotal praescutum obscureyellow with f our indistinct light brown stripes, pleura chiefly obscurebrownish yellow; knobs of halteres clark brown; legs with coxae lighty e l l o w , t r o c h a n te r s m o r e o b scu r e vcl l l w , r e m a i n ci e ru n i fo r m l y l i g h t b r o w n ;w i n g s a l m o s t u ni fo r m l y l i g h t b r o u r r , sti sm a cl a r ke r b r o w n ; ve i n R u - .,- .,l r r n g , n e a r l y f i ve ti m e s th e b a s;r l ,t'tl i o tl o [ /i - ,, p t'1 i 'l t' o f cel l XI t
:llt
l es sthans tr tutinl obe

l ength,i nter bas e

tw ot i me sm,onme s a l

face

short;

l,.r

outer

t e rmi n a t i rrt
ph,allosottt,I:tl rr 1 " 1 ' 1 I ' t t t t t t rr
r1 l r rr
111'1
lr lt lr'lrr
l ' l r' l ' r rrr ' lttt""llt'r t '1. ' r, ' 1 , ' 1' I t rrl ' r' |' '"t t ' , t t , ' rr

ll
'
ri l

rrr" rl

ttt.tlt
rl ' t \Lengt h, 'l) ( ) lr l

M a l e. about2

2tt,l

of

s ma l l ,thev er ycell

m m ' R o str u n l l ) r o r vtti r l r t'l l "'r
l "l l l ) l r l 'l l l ' l 'r "r r r r
yt'l
l
,,r
r
.
\r l l "i t.
s c a p e b r o w n i sl t
I'r 'r l t,,l tl t';l tl t'\r r l t r r r r 'r 'l l .r :1 rl l ttr r r

d a r k b r o w n , t h e scg tttetl ts t'l o l tq ;tl 1 ', r 'r r .e cl i l tg tl l t'tr r ''r l i e i l s. l l t';r tl
tl cstr cl yccl l l y
l a r g e , e s p e c i a l l y th c cycs; vcr ti e a l r r :g i o n o f tyIt
pests, occipitalregionlight

brown.

P ronotum light br own, scut elllt nr yellowed. M esonot al pr aescutum obscu r e yellow, disk wit h lour indist inct light br own
stri pes; poste r ior scler it esof not um light br own, scut ellum slight lynrore yel l ow ed . Pleur a chieily obscur e br ownish yellow. Halt er es
w i th stem l i ght br own, base yellowed, knob dar k br own. Legs
w i th coxae l i ght yellow, nt iddle and hind pair s long; t r ochant er s
ol l scure yel l ow; r em ainder of legs unif or m ly light br own. Wings(Fi g. l 5) al m ost unif or m ly light br own, st ignt a long- oval, dar ker
l rrow n; vei ns dar k br own. Longit udinal veins of about t he out er
l l trcc-fourths of wing wit h t r ic[ 12. Venat ion: Sc2 longer andstrrrrter than Scr , ending abot lt opposit e one- t hir d Rr - t - ^, t hc
l ;rtter l ong, n ear ly f ive t im es llt c basal sect ion of Rs; pet iole
rrf ccl l M, l ess t han t wice n1; t t t - ( 'uat near nlidlengt h oI M "- a;vt' i n 2nd A l ong and near ly slr ; t ight , t he cell nar r ow.
A bcl onri n alt er git es br owllislr lr lack, ext r em e post er ior bor der soI scgnrcnts pale; st er nit es lr r ', r lol'( '( 1,bases dar kened, apices
l l rurtl l y l i ght yellow; nint h s( 'l- 'r rrrr' l, ir r clt t clinghypopygial appen( Fig. 22) wit h t er git e',f;rges, brow rr islt lt lack. M alt ' lt t l', , 1) \ '11it ull/, l rl ttl svt'fst',

l l i l l rotv t' tl

t,ttt;ttt,i tt;tl i r)tl

lol )torl l l (1pos l t' t t"t |;tl )( \l l ;tl l r' \1:,,,l rl tt",l t l rroatls (' l l l i C i rc tl l af\' r' l l ot\' l ,rl rt' s

l 3;ts i s l y l t' ,\\' i l l lAlex anc ler ,I

S t u d i a En t., vo l .1 5 ,Af r ic an C r a n e F l i e s I l

fa sc.1 - 4 , a g o sto d e 1 9 7 2403b, stout, on nlesal face near apex vrith a stout lobe' Outerdististyle,d, narrowedoutwardly,terminatingin a slendercurved
point, blackenedand entirely smooth,basal two-thirds of outersurface oi style with numerous setae, about six of these very
!ong approvimatelyone-fourth the length of style; inner stylesubequal in length to outer, broad at base' narrowest at near
midlength,outerend yellowed'apex obtuse,near basewith several
puncturesthat apparentlyiack setae.Interbase,i, att
microscopicp, smallunusuallysmall slightlycurvedsmoothpoint' Phallosome'and compact,aedeagusvery small and stout'
Habitat: Tanzania (Tanganyika). Holotype, d, Marungu'
Kilimandjaro,6,000 teet, October 25, 1964 (Marion E' Smith)'
The mos t s im ilar r egionals pec ies inc lu d e A u s t r o l i m n o p h i l a ( A u s t r o Iimn op hila ) c ladur oneur a ( Speis er ) , A. ( A ) c l a d u r o n e u r o d e sA l e x a n d e r 'present lly
and, A. (A.) teleupi A'lexander, most readily told from thedetails
UV tft" ioloration of the body, wings and. halteres and in the
ancl
veins
wing
brown
dark
the
present.speciestheoi venation. In
species.
c,nspicuously darkened stigma ire different from th,e above listed
figuredIt siould be noted that lhe male specimen oI claduroneuro aspp'
52-53'
Report'(Kilimandjaro-Meru
and briefly described by Speiserofiig. 9; f SOgl *uy prou. to be distinct trom the type specimen
the species.

12. Austrolilnnophila (Austrolimnophila) hoogstraali sp' n'Alli;d to dilfusa;mesonotal praescutumwith three dark brown stripes,
r'vithanterior third of central one paler, pleura chiefly yellowed; legs
femo rayellow, t ips nar r owly dar k br own; wi n g s h r o w n i s h y e l l o w , v a g u e l ypatternei with pile brown, more extensively so in the female; abdominal
yellow,brown, incisures broadly yellow, sternites chiefly lighti.igit.,especiallycomplex,andlarge
hypopygium
malebrown;
sidEs narrowly
very large,
ihe tasistyte ind both dististyles,ventromesal lobe of basistylewith very long yellow setae that form a conspicuous brush'

Male. - Length,about 11 nlm.; wing' 11 nlnt. Female'Length, about 10-11 mm.; wing, 10-11.5mm. Rostrumyellow;
basal one or two segmentsof palpus yellow, outer ones darkbrown. Antennaewith scapeand pedicelyellow, in certainparatypesdarkerbrown; flagellumbroken.Headlight gtay; in hoiotype
nale with a small verticaltubercle,not evidentin the females.
Pronotumclear yellow. Mesonotalpraescutumobscureyellolv
to brownishyellow, disk with three dark brown stripes,anterior
third of central one paler, the stripe vaguely divided behind;in cases,sidesof praescutumslightly gray pruinose;scutallobcs
patternedwith dark brown, central part gray; scuteilumbrovvnisil
gray, parascutellayellowed; mediotergiteobscure yellotv, graygray' Pleura chicfiy!.ulnoi. anteriorly,pleurotergiteyellowish',/l a

{La
t-'
\:
b\,

4
,l \-pt4
i'f--..-r.^r/- '.'--r\

\'

l
2)

o',f
;"41.1.
'r{.'f, ;t;l;i,,J.'t'"il*l:i"T::ll!,',!:1,,
lr,',1,',;,,,,,,',:1,,,,,,!,!il!,:"'ff::i!;1?,,,("|frifiii)',i,ii,:ii'i,iil'"'ri,'iiiiiiiiliiiir"i,"jf",S"":li:;tl:.ii1',',f""'y'f,q'r:j,'";i;i!":"lnf[l n 'ifr;,,f.,f,'":::,::'il'",:l:;i',- ric'.'-il. iiiuilo;'o nig<:iiana
sp.n,;.vc:,.a.tion
so'rdidipes'l'' ,* o,*,'i,,,!,iillfJ"iii|":'l'f,"!;:ii"',';,:j:x!"i,:i,",!i?l{,:,;i:,'.,:l,lll,,,1:illl;;,1r,,1,,,1,,1i,,,',sr',L&l;;.,nf,'.nnX1[t?t"fl,in'i,t",git.).

l-laltereswith stem yellow, knob brown' Legs with
1't'llorvccl.
r'o)ilc and trochantersclear yellow; ientorayellow, tips narrowly
dark brown; tibiaeyellow,extremetips darkened;
lrrrlcOnspicuously
llir|sibrownishyellow to light brown; claws very sntall,yellow;
of legs includingsetaeand shorterinterpolatedelongate
vt,stitrrrc?l i '''

Flies ll
A I e x a n t l e r , Af r ic an C r a n e-10{

E thi o.pi an'l ll'
rtgi ' tt'
and N eutt' uIi c al
b1: nre i tt l ttt rarl tc r
di "us s ed

U ri ental 'i n the ,\trs1r;tl l rsi an '(Fig'16) brownish y'ellorv'
rr,'tl l ) rrf t't t * tn' * -' * u= ' t-' ' i ' tfty .
tlilItts,tt lt iee specie'' At t s/ r 'r scales or scalelikesctae' Wings
so in thent
*il'r ''i- o- ' p' zn+l, *Li*t t
extetrsively( A') phanlusilt o
(R
rtw
enzor
i
ntorc
naner
brown'' l i ntnophi l a(A ttstr"hm ni'phit al"aiif r "a. , Alexa, nt lerA''vaguely patternedwith palecloud
darkened"slighta*un'itifr::''andr'and A ta\' pio''pi'iJ'o'q
females;holotypentui" *t'tt stigrla.1''tiil';.''^"-;i
Are*an,1er.
variable, ceriain paratypes,withc.llectetl
rcsling;"'.
t.,.,-,ur..
cord,;-;-;";;,rover arterior. {orrntl.
, lL.,Iilti','i!" t'1"1"'*.""ruiiy'ror!
encl of cell lst M't
outer
cord'
at
cloudsextensivepale brown
andR's
isolatcclspots tront orisin 1ft"mllit^1iJ"*ult hypopvgium'
cletails,bv
and as a broken t'otJunO ofseparable"i"'irt"'t.tigt.tty.
Venation:Sc2 nearly oppositc
into cell lst A;veins light brown'
t"
t:l'
onlv
to or longer.than
6; t ; ; s; ' st ill is kn'r wn t,fmicllengthot Hr-r-*l t"itq"tolui'i'"rt''ii"natto^1tl:3'"Mi
keno'
shown'
thl:"
'Par
t
<'
*l':'*uoi rom A l ,,ttnt';;:i ' ;;;' ;e fut'n'.-lt'"'ntitig
troni. about twice m' asl:'cell M1 variable i't'ftngtf-t'
ni the verv''tlitferent
f rom the female sex
variablesi'rilarly
ari,t:,1m'cut'i"i-tm;
one-halt
venat t on'|t3',.ulo"tspecies it is reaclilvtltili
shoiter,in casesonly aboutanclby slight det ailsof
midlengtho{ M3-a'the legs'; ; ; ; yofbeyondtocobrationbeiorein position'trom snJrtly
patternedw'ith yellolv
tanana sp' r.r'
Abdonlen o{ holotype conspicuottsly
incisurcs' the
13. Austrolimnophila (Austrolimnophila)
at
ye
Llow
broadly
and mediunr t"o*n'i" tligittt
1i5 *:':j:cnietty light yellow' sidcs(wingor remare
sizerargel;:*,,'T?ll;.ll"fii""t",;H;
intcrvening part b'o*n, sternites
outerbeneaththe tergal borders;narrowlybrown, tniJty t.tiAA'n
styli
unitormly brown'
segntents,including hypopygiul' ^ti::"butpattern nearly as in malei ncl ucl i ngthe vetn s' t
six an''lsevenslightlv
yellowed; in femaie, uf'Oontinufv"ltu*' i"ifittt
rlarrowly
yellowed' the brownwith Rs;alignment
extensively";l;;t;;"";;ge i" iiut *iil.t'"iuttut margins
the more p'o*'tu'"''"gnttntt
tt""iiitt-^i*"black,
segment
brownishgenitalthe thircl segment'
color beconringtuitf*i on
blackeneclof(.ot* z:) with posteriorbordernlil'; wing' 11'5 m nl'
yellow. Male trypo;;;i""tBasi- - Lengt h, about 1l'5
U-shaped'
FemaIe.
notch
pedicel light
Ant ennae wit h scape ancl
tergite,l, unequarlytriemarginatt,:t^l"ut(shownR ostruni and pa lpi yellow'
and conspicuouslarge; 16f g1ior
very
lobe
br
own;
Hcacl sm all' gr ayish.
style,b, with ventrlntesal
length the bodyin
yel l ow ; fl agel l ur n d'ot t t n'or.excieeding
diametertheonly slightly more thanseparatelyin tigure) equalling
microscopicpuncturesvertex relatively*ttl#rtt""o'";;;;;'
rtuit'
upi.ulol style,a-1"nttbetore midlengthwith
on ntargin
bearing very sntall setulae'
scutum slightly more orange',.Mesonotal
yellowy.tto*''*l*t-t"'n;.:;Tl,nrnedianprovided with abundant dense
lobe
ttu'xtn"A
ttt'""- pa.-le,,ttownstripes' theconspicuous
praescutumy.ffo*,
Outer dististyle'd' broadestdarkerlobe'
slightly
only
yellowed'
setae,the fongt"-;*lttOing'tl-t"
ttne with anterior'hul'with numerousvery longandmarginarea
outercentral"'ongly ia'rt brown'
just beyond midlength'style or longer (thethan the grountt; ;;;t"i roui'
the
light
onJ-halfyellow' Pleura unitormly
yellow setae,the l"igttt""f"ut
posteriorscleritesoi- notun'tlightstyle with a small lateral
apex
igure)ftrochantersyellow;
inshown
length not,oi'ytito*' Legs wittr-coxae anda stottt stem
Halteresfrom
ycllow.
arising
about thea''tiguttA'
spine; inner styte 'f'"tit
tlllli:t'tftt'- broaclly. black' including
tip'yellow,
temoradoubleawith.
:":O-::
brownishyellow' tips v-erynarrowly
at near or't-tou'-th itt"'f""gtft]
oLrtereighth of seg'ment;tibiae
reducedto microscoptc
spinesouter.
larger'outwarcllv' Wings (nlg' ]z) {:]]-:*::'
the posteriorones
Phallosome'p' small
tlarkened; tarsi il;;
iigure)'inclear light yellow' tnpoints (style strciri'n^p"u"uiu' and costil fields'fr':u'uttry
runpatterned,
Scu"lnt dark brown' Venation:and comPact.
uein',
ti.t.
Rescrvation'
cluding
ForestMau
vein
Eastetn;"*uining
ancl Sc2 subequal
Rs'
Habitat:KenYa'HolotYPe'i'f eet, June 9'
crrclingshortly rreyondforklt
8,000
-Sc'
about
M1
Province,
cellofValleYpetiolewith Rs;El Burgeon District, Rift
ParatoPotypes'/?; in longituoinailil"tt"t
tYPe'
with
I
,
of
at micllength 'M7v-a'' AllotoPotYPc'
1948 (Hoogstraal)
rrtrc-hal{longer than 7-n; nt-ctt
ti* ancl seven slightly
tYPes'
with
4 I ?,n orangc yellow' tergttes
Allckrttte
sternitestwo to liveo r t t s t a n t l i n gs. t L r d e n t
black, cspcciallyat thc midline'l)r()\\'llisll
Dr
'
f
or
nam
ed
blackcned'
J l u l t V ! . : ] : *t t r a a l 'Th, e s Fec iesis
llttt ctlnspictttlttsly
u,illr tlr,rr,,l,tt.rgi", ,-,art',,'"ly

are*t"i;'.':'o'::.'(:.'.1.":i:,,.*",iL:,T"rrt$r,[ii'Xl.tl'1"u.ln?,'ll"'..,1'.'.till"J'iti
fi:'r*;1t* ru'"I^i::"l;"15
lil'xi'"TI
f i,.lfii'l
o$l!J"i,,;:'u:IJJ; l:tifl ve'Iow'*I'n.lffi"ol"i?'""' i;l*'l*I *:;* :i:';;*"ii,T"ii,lJilli"iiIt;,;i;i;;;;;i:-lt'i;',1i1?:iitill,',",,Ti 4;i''".f
"ll.r

ti

.n..r
,,i trr,iti.iks
fl: n;uu-..oJ;S.,J:".n:l"iililll,l*.f;.?:i$"fi,:t'iri,I trll, , ll' 11:t;tl

lttr

st' ltAlex ander ,Air ic an C r a n e F l i e s I l

Habitat: Ethiopia. Holotype' 9 'July 4, 1965 (GurneY).

Bahar Dar' Lake Tana'(Austr'o'limno'
is Austrolimnop'hila
The mostsimilarEthiopianspecies
approximatelv*t'iit'rrtifu''itphitat transvaarica
tnrela;5;;;, ;i i;]"r.
in the colorat::,"..rt.i.niry"tsimilar in size and coloration, dif fering
particularlv
anct in cletaiis'of venation'
the wing veins, legs ;;'fi;t"of the radial field.

sp' n'
14. Pseudolimnophila (calolimnophila) subprincepsl{I

virtually' covered
Mesonotalpraescutumrestrictedlybrow^nishblack'darkened'
extensively
by lour orange,trip.r,"po.i*ioi-ttittittt nr notum ventral l.ongitudinaldorsalclarttened
pleura wh,itishgray, #tfr"ui""i'-andyellow; wings withstripes; legs with ."-u. rvf itt"ed, the remainder darkenedseams to
broadground whitened,u.rrl"i..,*iti"ittu"tt"i than the darkenedareas;
the veins, costal interspacesmore -t1ttl?tut
four
ont-t'uti the. cell and approximately of
petiole ot cell M, r""gilu"'tti[ttul
bio*n'
dark'margins
times m,' abdominali:;giil-;"ii;rmlv.
membraneciorsalproximal two broadly';i*fii;t;;; ;iti'iittt light vellow'
blackened.
_ - L e n g th ' a b o u t 8 mm' ; w i ng' 10 mm' ; antenna'
Female.
black' Antennae
about 2 mm. Rostru,rl" trio*n, palpi brownish
ilagellar segmentwith scape Uro*ni.f, yellow, ptOlttt and firstflagellar segment
light yellow, remainder of oigan black; tirst
segments' including
oval, succeeoing ones long-cyfindrical, outer
very l ong' H ead
segments
t he la s t l o n g e r; v e rti c i l s o f" s u b termi nal
darker brown'
anteriorly light brown, posterior vertex and occiput
central area that
Pronotal scutum'Uutty with a dark brownlight yellow' Mesois widened behind, scutellum and pretergites
brownis.h black'notal praescutum with the restricted intJrspaces
most
stripes' tlt
the disk virtually covered by four orange
the lateral stripes'
conspicuous darkening forming a fork encircling
a capillary
extreme cephalic boider of praescutum infuscated;
before midlength'dark median vitta that is narowly interrupted
wide n e d b e h i n d ;s c u ta l l o b e s b ro w ni shorange' yel l ow edpostalso the central
eriorly, patterned with pale brown, includingbase slightly paler; mediotergite
area; scutellum chiefly yellow,-inthefront and posteriorly on sides'
brown on central pu,tyellow'
obscure.
anterior borders unO adjoining pleurotergite
with brown' including a
Pleura chiefly whitish g,uy, putttrned
and extrenre basebroad dorsal strife extJnding- trom propleuraas descri bed; vcntral
of to re c o x a c a u d a d to th e m edi otergi tenrcron's t r ip e ,t,,,r" t.,tu .k .n " d , i n c l u di ng the mesosternum ' l :1
sl t' l l t
w
i
tl
l
H
al
tcrcs
t lot ' s ;tl s t,' rrt,,p l c ttri tcn a rro w l y pal e brow n'x
1l :tl t' r' l ' t' gs
at l l asc' l pe
1' t ' l l ,,rr' ,t l t' ;rtt' t l r;ts ;tl l y , k l l o l i brorn' tt

1-'l' agosto de
Stuclia Ent., vol. 15, fasc'

1972

407

the extremebasesdarkened
with middleand hind coxaewhitened'of legs yellowed' tibiae
lly the ventral pt.u'ui 't'ip"; remainder(Flg 18) with .the groundand tarsi *or. .l.ully" t; Wings
Jn costil fourth' disk appearing
obscurewhitish, ,t-tott'ytrio*"dtieldsveins' prearcularand costal
clarkerby broad '"u*' to the
costal pattern that includes
more yellowed; a restricted darker
end of Sc' and nearly confluent
areas at arculus,o'igin of Rs'
theseareas
over tork of"Rz-:r-+and Rz'
marks in stignal"gi-on ,iigh,fy diffeientiateddarkeningsalongreachingthe costa; iffi;"
overM2" and as marginal clouds
cord, outer end of lell I styellow marginal spots between
the longitudinal veins, leaving

tili t::T:i'1-,'";i:"-rJ,i";fi"$Ji
a series
thevein-s;"i''u""tvelnl
are subequal to the interspaces;

Longitudinarveins beyondin the costal and *otlur t*.rspaces.
trichii' including also outergenerallevel of ."'4"*i'n abundantboth anal veins'
una more extensivelyon
ends of Rs and ibeyond tork of Rs; supernumerary
Venation: Sc1 "nOing iust
cell; petiole
i*o-tr1tro, the length ofcrossveinin cell R;';:,;;;'
approximatelyfou'r
about one-halt the cell andof cell 14,- long,before midlengthof M3-a'ti*., t,^-ri
Abdomina|tergitesunitormtydarkbrown,marginsoffirststernites light yellow' dorsal
two segmentsuroidly light gray'blackened' Ovipositor with both
membraneconspicuouslymore
virtually straight'
cerci and hypovalvaelong, slender'
Ngel Nfa\i, .North East.
Habitat: Nigeria. Holotype' 9 'gt,'igzo (Medler); in high forest' 40
State,5,000 teet, March
Province'
miles south of Serti, Sardauna(Calolimnophila)
Pseudolim\?^lhilo
The most similar'il' species\s. tptiiti difieringevidentlyin thetttt
cuitt'onn'
ltrincepsAlexander, ;"i";;J;""uni in detailsof wing coloration
r..atternol the tnor#
darkeningrru". fi,. wings without a major
fromancrvenation.Both ;";ilJurtherdiflering
this'iespect;i'Rr,'i;arcutus
between
Cameroon'
thefrom""d'"";i;;;/'. (C.) imperitanit*n?tt, likewise
15. Pilaria chionoPoda sP' n'b r o w n i sh b l a ck' l a te r a l p r a e scu ta l
C e n e r a l c o l o r a ti o n o f m e so n o tu m
tutll
.white' .outer.l:]t-,:t 'basitarsus
nrrrclersyellowed, prt"t""iig'rtt'v"iio*;snowy.white; wings strongly ,infuscated;
rrrrilall of segmentstwo and th,reesection oI M" to procluce
eell M, narrow' 9nl'" ;/;*n.nt.91"0^1t"1
narrow'and;r rrcctinate venatlon' celi 2nd A long

wing, 7-2 nm' Rostrum
M a I e. - Length, about 7'5 mm.;bron'n,Peclicci
palpi black.Antennaewith scapeyellowish
1'r'll,rrv;
brtlrvnishblack, vcrY,l,,rk,'r lrr,,*t,; Il;rgcllttttlbrokcn' Hcad

408

Alex ander ,Alr ic an C r a n e F l i e s I lthevertex broad' about three times

sparsely pruinose; anterior
diameter of scaPe.
Mesonotumbrownishblack'
Pronotumshort, brownishyellow'
yellow; scutumand scutellum
lateral border of praescutumobscureyellow' pleurotergiteclearerbrownish black, po'tnotum brownish
brown' knob darker' Legs
yellow. Pleura flgftt ytfio*' Halteres
femora and tibiae brownwith coxae and trochantersclear yellow;
thewith proximal halt black'to brownish black; basitarsus
twothree snowy white' olter
remainderand segmentstwo and19)
third brown' Wings (FigsegmentsunO ""t,titt- tip ofbrown'
darkerveins
not differentiated;stronglyintuscated,;iigt;-restricted
Venation: Sc of
number'Stigmal trichia very..inbefore iork of Rs' themoderate length, ending some distancebltu] section of M3 atrophiedlatter very tong, tuttqial to Rn;itscell M1 small' shorter thanto produce u p.ttlnuit' venation;
cell
M;
ot
fork
its length beyono
petiole; m-cu ntu'ii"1tit"
2nd A long and narrow'to blackish brown' sternites
Abdominal tergites dark brownyellow'hypopveium-35
vaguely paler, yellJwishbrown;south of Jimma'km
Habitat: Ethiopia' Holotype' d '(GurneY)'
July 1, 1965

discussed
tlTb;tt of the genusaretited'The previouslyknown Fthiopian
previously
1956'
'iitt
R'wen'ori Rep"rt'quite
is
ancl keyed in tfre niexandertield-p"Jnuit uenution;
medialiitt
In the present
spec.ies
Ethiopian.andtrre. tive"v :;;dil;;"];"ir.'"i identical in both wtngs
difierent irom thetreingtonoltionl esappearsto
featurel oi venati on'an!-i L^theu etv p e ' ' l ; th ;- ;;" tra l
venationalinof t he u n i q'"p"*"nt'";";;;"i"difiering.
arJ*Jno.t,
structures,it re.rnil.."b ii"ii""iiiiii^ironumber of stigmal trichia'
il'"
in
and
details'io"';;tt;i;;
16. Pilaria sordidiPes sP' n'almost-.uniformly); mesonotum
5
Sizesmall (wing of femaleab.out 1mliglr't yellow; legs
clear
uno
yft"u
.
clark chestnutbror'in, pleurotergite
clarkened'stigmal regton
wing'sbrown, tarsi only '*iigr.'lv.palerl b row.weaklyblack' sterni testestaceousnishl ' rg i te s
wit hou t tri c h i a ; a n c l Smi n ate
yellow.
4' 9 mm' ;L e n g th , a bout 5 mm" w i ng'
F e m a I e'
pal pivery reduced'
ant en n a , a b o u t 1 ' 3 mm' R o s tru m
--yel
l
ow
;
flagellum
and pedicel obscure yellow,
black. Antennae *i,t, ,.up.
slender
progressivellTo:"black; flagellar segments elongate'
vcrticils'
theirabout iwo-thirds
outwardly Uut sufre[uaf in lengtTr'

Head Polishedblack
brown' Mesonotumal most ttni torrttl Y
Prothorax u.'y
"duttd'praescutumand scutttttl sl i gl ttl Y
dark chcstntttbrown, sides of

S t r t t l i r r t'.r r l . v'r l1972
l fi ' fa sc' l - 'l ' a g o sto cl e

409

clearlight yellow..^1111ttt'
pleurotergite
nrrrrt'yt'llowctl.I'lcttt'aandlight yellow;1:t'1t:dtt
I-cgswith coxae'andtrochanterslrlrckertt'tl.
Wings
slightly palerf claws small'nl k'gs browtt, tre tarsi only
barelyw"eaklydarkened' stigma(l'ig, 20) rclatively nu"oti"brown. Venation: Cell
without trichl; veins daiker
Irrrrienrca,
toitt petiole; m-cu at three-fifths
lftun
tfto'tt'
prcscnt'll,wings ofvein R2 differing in the
fwrr-lltirclsM'r-+i p"ti;i;; ofelement
shortat"t-".the iork' leaving
tlte lrolotype,on on"'Ot'"gRa' leavtng
ptuttO beyond the fork on
Ii;1-1, t)fl the oppositJ*ln-g
I vcry short elementRz-a'yellow'
black' sternitestestaceous"iong
Abdominaltt'gittt U'ownish
gentlytheslender' especially( )vipositor *itn uuiut'"nO
rrltcurvedcerci.
20, 1970
Iune 20'
Ife' June-- IfeIle _^9 ilaHabitat: Nigeria' Holotype' 'two separateslides'( Mccller); wings mounted on
known,uT:previously.
of the genu,s''o'membersancl^'Uganda'
The Ethirlpian
kenya
r'iiti"pi"'sections"t
thc Congoand the *i'ntui"""
Alloftheset.tuuttnt-1'u"i'wrritenecttt"o'i'tJJgree'T-tte'speciesmost
is piraria.."arioii.!'.nre1a1o11t-,.'tescribed
br.wn'"Le';0"sinrilarto the pr...n,'-iiyrnis tras itre head retldish
sliglttly
legs
theIrom Mount Hu*tn'oii'oftoiotuiion
fulvousy;it;t"'";;;- *itt' ttt"
ntesonotum
flY'
aiii.i."t from the Present
17' EuPilaria nigeriana sP'

n'

wings
gray pruinose;of body brown'-sparsely""tin 'n'"Generalcoloration
cell M' openby
uitoitrtittr'i"tt'" n"ii"'"tstronslydarkenecl'
m-cu at"fork oi M'
atrophyof basal t"il;; "i 'l,4r'mm'; win$' 6 n-rm';antenna'
F em a I e. - Length,about 7
sparselypruinose;palpi black'alrout 1.2 mm. Rostrum brown'
15-segmented;proximal f lagellar
Atttcnnaebrown, apparently
longer,cylindrical'
shortest,the outer onesprogressively
st,gurentseyes
the segments'Head gray;with long verticils that exceed
llrgc, with very delicateommatidia' L-.^...d o-e,cetv
nbrown' sparsely prulnose'
Thorax atn-,ort uniformly lightpattern' Halteres brown' basepracscutumwithout diiferentiatedlightwiih. coxae and trochantersof stcm restrictejf,' puit'' t-tgt
tibialtibia);(broken beyondlrr()wn; remaindermedium browndarkened'stigmaslightly
strongly
qptrrspresent.Wings (Fig' 21)
Longitudinal;"; ill-iefinedf veins brown'
tlrtrkcr brown, t;;;also onpresent
trichia'
small
l't'itts llcyonO co'O with relatively
Scrof R;' M and lsl A' Venation:;rlrotttthe outer'tvvo-thirds
tosubequal
Sc1
Sc2 removed'crr(lingnearly
9i
{t'
M2
lst
cell
"pp"tttt^i"tU
of vein'R' atrophied;/,'r-,,-,; rllorc tfran distal halt

410

Alex ander ,S t u d i a En t., vo l .1 5 ,Af r ic a n C r a n e F l i e s I I

l a sc.1 - 4 , a g o sto cl e 1 9 7 2

411

open by atrophy of basal section of Ms, cell 2nd Mt shorter
than its petiole (secondsectionof M',-2), m-cu at fork oI M;
separatedvein Cu2 originatingbeyond the arculus,conspicuously
prearcular
short.
field
trom cu, ; cell 2nd A relatively narrow,
Abdomenelongate;tergitesclarkbrown,sternitespalerbrown.
Ovipositorwith cerci long, gently upcurved,tips subacute;hypovalvae shorter.tips narrowly acute.
Habitat: Nigeria. Holotype, I , Ngel Nyaki, North E'ast
State, 5,000 feet, March 31, 1970 (A4edter);40 miles southoi' Serti, SardaunaProvince.
Alth' oughc lnly t hef em ales ex is av ai l a b l e I a m r e f e r r i n g t l r e - p r e s e n t
present is .the iirst
lly to Eup'ilaria Alexancler with little question. The
beinq,-.L,,iO of the genus ior Africa, the rather numerous other species
genus hai'e
theofmembersknown
all
Virtually
disiribution.
in
Orieniat
entire and with celi 1st M2 closed. Eupilaria taprobanitai.
have the distal".i"
Alexancl"erand E. thysanotos Alexander,-both of Ceylon'
M', open by
cell
have
but
present
fly
the
in
as
."J
R.,, atrophieci"fof vein m.
the atrophy

ErioPterini
18. Clydonodozusabyssinicus sp' n'
Mes { ) not alpr aes c ut umor ange y ellr , r ww l t h f o u r b l a c k s t r i p e s ' r e n r a i n d e ibasesof thorax extensively blackened, scutellum yellow; femora withye llow, br oadly blac f ened out war c lly ; w i n g s l i g h t . y t l l 9 , *', s t i g m a - s t 'a r c e l ydifferentiatecl,certain veins very narrowly seamed witlt bt'own; abLlomen
continuous black median stripe.
]ieltow, sternites witlr, a virtually

M a I e. - Length, about 14 mnl.; wing' 13 mm' Rostrum
light yellow, palpi broken.Antennaebroken.Front yellow, vertex
dark brown, sparselygolden yellow pollinose.
Pronotumyellow, scutumabovebroadly blackened.A{resonotal
praescutumorangeyellowwith four black stripes,the intermediatepair narrov/lyseparatedby a capillaryground line, lateralstripes
slightly broader; scutum orange yellow, each lobe with twotransverselyplaced black spots, the inner ones only narrowly
separatedfrom one anotherat the midline,lateralspots extended
forwardsto connectwith the lateralpraescutalstripes;scutellum
yellow, postnotum blackened,nediotergite with anterior half
cbscure yellow. Propleura and dorsopleuralmembraireyeliow,
brownish black, restrictediyyellowed anteriorly,
mesepisternum
more extensivelyso on ventral parts, pteropleuriteblack, lightgray pruinose,metapleuraand meron yellow. Haltereswitll s1L'ttt
yellow, knobs broken. Legs with coxae and trochantersycllotv;
femora yellow basally,broadly blackenedoutwardly,orr trritlrll,')o,,c:t!"i,g!:#,t-it!::;:i;;ji*r"iq,,;*I:,1t6$i:,;fl,;si,;fE;:in+:ii*
r,i,i,*i1f"iilf'
i?;l','l'Tli3[;,n*,,1#
trlro'na,t I'[' | ""'i ;,,1"*;,"?,f,i:"rfi,1,:{i.;:,";,",.,L,:,.,,
ti,.ullJ,l,l?l*",", .t",nit ).,"* flJi.n, fii"^,i".""".f,1

legs including the outer three-fourths, on posterior pair moreliirowly blaikened (fore legs broken); tibiae light brown, tips
narrowly blackened;tarsi black. Wings (Fig. 24) light yellow'
prcarcular and costal f ields more saturated yellow, the color
extcndeddistally to the wing tip, stigma not or scarcelydiffert1rrtiated;certain veins very narrowly and indistinctlyseamedwith
lrrrrwn,slightly more evidenton Rs, R5,Cu and2nd A' Macrotrichia
exceptinga singletrichion
ltrt'scnton costa,lackingon otherveins

S l r r r l r i r l '.r r t., vr r l . 1 5 , ta sc

412

Alex ander ,Af r ic an C r a n e F l i e s l l

Costal cell not dilated;near outer end ol vetn R5. Venation:at origin; cell M, slightlYRs relativelYshort,nearlYperpendicular
shorter than its Petiole'a consPicuousvirtuallY
Abdomen Yellow' sternltes withmore expanded at thecontinuousblack median striPe' slightlYsutures.
29 - July 1'
Habitat: Ethiopia.Holotype,i' Jimma' June
1965 (GurneY).
Alexander
Cly.donodoznsbrevicel/ultl's'iirtttl"g
The most similar species arein the distincti"'e colochiefly
and C. pallidistigma ot"J#itt'
ration oi the thorax and wings'

19. Conosia irtorata intermedia subsp'

,ill
I

n'

14-17 mm'; wing' 9-10 mm';
Length,M a I e.
't about
generally as inabdomen alone, auo-ut t-t: mm' Characters
especially in the contyplcat irrorata (Wiedemann), differing
Mesonotalpraescutumwith
formation of the *t"gt "t thremale'more darkened line thatmedian stripe divid.i ny a capillary.
to the abdomen'Halteresis producedcaudadalmost uninterrupted
withknobsbrown.Alllegsalmostunitormlyyellowish.btown'
dark brown to brownish black'the terminart*o tu"ui *i*tnt'
irrorata' Abdomen very
Wings of male not dilateJ as in typicallong, exceedingthe wing'
Falls' Victoria
Habitat: Uganda' Holotype' d ' Murchison
4
Paratopotypes'
E' Smith)'
Nile, November18, r96a (Mirion
6 6, on three Pins'in lving characters
The present fly is almost intermediate'between
Co no s iair r or at a( W iedem ann) , wit hav a s t d i s t r i b u t i o n t h r o u gof
h o uSoutht t h e Africa
Alexander'
Palaeotropicar,.gionil"ini"t"''ne:utti1e12k
genus
noi1inui Ethiopian members of theand Madaga*cur. T\[I"i irr'r*

H i st' , (19).14: 333; 1934)
wer e d e s c ri b " oo v e i * u i o .' i a " " .-m" g .^N at.'West Africa' these beingot"C'ittea'
C'tt
irom the smatl istanis'i"-irti piintipt:
thomensisEdwards' fromC'
u.nd,
C. principalisna*u'li,'t'otfrom a single male spetimen'
Sao Thom€, .u.n nlJing^nttn ittititedmembers^ofthe g:ll1s^Conosia
variousthe
The exact interrelationships-;i;;;- of
appearthe male hypopvsia of the species maleremain in question ";iiftt;;;t:'-irtt
wing of thetheofo-utri""to sh,owonlv slightto-inoi.ate that severaldistinct species
orovidesa charactefd;i";;;;;.
ire involved in the matter'
20. Trentepohlia(Trentepohlia)

centroluscoides sp' tt'

brownishblack centralslrrl)c'
Mesonotumchiefly yellow with a. broadl r;rrt' tt
w i th a s1)1fi 1111;115
yettowi i ghtt he si c l e su n a p t.,,u ' ty ti b * ;' * ;;;tl - 'l ' i tg o sto tl e 1 9 7 2

413*1,ip.,.11'#."*""11'T.,1'i'.,'"t"u"["3J'",oryI1"ffnngitudinar,,i::i-eighth
l}iil
sea
darkened''ou'rt oiottn' sidbsyellori"
additionaltJi*tttt'Intiiurrf
R. erect;abdominal
blackened'
stitment
mm'; wing' 6'3 mm'
M a I e. - Length, about 6'5^R3strumblack' labial palpi naf' fntlnnae
and maxillary palpi'U'o*nitt'ye.llow (remainder broken)'with scape Urownisnt]utt' ptOittl
part between
iigitt gray' the narrowed
Head with anterior "tt*vertexio the occiput; posterior
eyescarinate,this .*ttnJta t?uOu'A
o'btaut. Yellow, clearer on genae'
scutum yellow' with
Cervical region brown' Pronotal
light yellow' Mesonotal
conspicuouserect black setae' scutellum
on ttdt:..,-*tti a narrow brownish
praescutumUro"oryl"rtoy,widened to about twice its
black central stripe, at the sutureof notum darkened medially'
average width; poti"'io' sclerites
fl2lfg1gs with
inctuOingalso .the pleura'laterally light yeffow,
and'weaklydarkened' Legs with 'coxae
stem yellow, knob
very light brown' bases moretrochanterslight yellowl iemora
this color; tibiae lightyellowed, extreme ;; ;"tt larrowli,ot
andbrown;. basitarsi yellow' tips
brown, tips narrowly dark
with
Wings (Fig' 25)
remainderof tarsi dark brown''groundradialthe costai' iubcostal andlight yellow' more saturated inthird of wing' including thetields involving aUout the anterior
very pale yellow' the inveinsl the narrowt"'--po'tt'io' -borderbrown stripe extending
termediatethird ot wing a continuous.palebywing tip, this color accentuatedfrom base of cell zna ito theon
spots
conspicuousdark brown
the included darkened veins;area on vein R3' Sparsescatteredbasal third of Rs and a la(gerand Rzvein R5' VenationI Rt'z
trichia on Aistar lection oT
R3
vein
R3-a;
one-sixth'apicatonly about
short, subequat,ttt" latter
short'
A/sf
tusion oI Cu1 anderect, gently .u'J,
medially'narrower and darker
Abdominaltergitesdark brownyellow' sternitesmore uniformly
on basal ,.g*"nt',"tui*"it"tott"
ring;'t"gt""ntblackened to form a narrow
yellowed; eighth'hYPoPYgium
brownish Yellow'
2-3' 1965
Habitat: Ethiopia' Holotype' 6' Jimma' July
(GurneY).
Alexanderand T' ( T')( Trentepo-hlia)
Trentepohlia
ttuvea somewhat'comparable-,cytr1lyscaii"*' muougu'*i'r"tri"q"jit'-iiiti"ttmcdioluscaRte*anoer,
presentflv' This is closer
thet11,
wing patterno" u"ti|tlcentro|usco,,o,nin-i.t,,itdiiiersmostevidentlyinthewingpattern'outi utlnt R' andbaseof R's'
tttt ton'pituou'iiOu'rttntdseams
lnelrrding

li"

11 1

Alex ander ,Af r ic a n C r a n e F l i e s l l

21. Trentepohlia (Trentepohlia) estella sp' n'General coloration of thoracic dorsum brown, sides yellowed; rostrum
and labial palpi yellow; halteres brownish black, base of .stem lightyellow. Legi with femora light brown, apices abruptly white, tibiae
and tarsi rirhitenecl;wings whitened, with a conspicuous brorvn patternthat includes areas at ind befor. cord and on apical fourth of wing,bo th in t er r upt ec l by gr ound m ar k ings ; a p i c a l f u s i o n - o f - v e i n s C u t a n d
lsl A punciiform; abdominal tergites brown, posterior borders and allof subterminal segments darker brown, basal sternites light yellow, theirapices conspicuously dark brown.

M a I e. - Length, about 7.5 mm.; wing, 7 mm. Rostrum
and labial palpi yellow, maxillary palpi black. Antennaerelatively
long; scape and pedicel dark brown, f lagellum paler brown;
segmentselongate,exceedingtheir longestverticils.Head yellow;
vertex narrow, carinate,extendedposteriorlyto the occiput.
Cervical region and pronotal scutum dark brown, scutellum
and pretergites light yellow. Mesonotal praescutumwith sides
broadly yellow, disk with a broad central dark brown stripe'
more expandedand diffuse at the suture; scutal lobes brown,
median region only slightly paler; scutellumand mediotergite
brown, parascutella,pleurotergiteand pleura light yellow' Halteresbrownish black, base of stem light yellow. Legs with all coxae
and trochanterslight yellow; femora light brown, slightly paler
basally,apicesabruptly white, tibiae and tarsi whitened;claws
of male very small, simple. Wings (Fig' 26) whitened, withbrown pattern that includeschietly the apical fourtha conspicuousand a broad band at and before cord, both of theseareas broken
by ground markings; darkenedapex includescenterof cell R3,band at cord with a major ground area in cell R1 before stigma
and,a more extensivewhitening near outer ends of cells R and
M; a turther narrow darkened line near bases of cells R andM, less distinctlycontinuedto margin in cubital and anal cells;
darkenedin the patternedveinsyellow in the ground,conspicuously
areas. Venation: Rs arcuated,slightly longer than Rr-3-a orbasal section of Rs; apical fusion of veins Cu1 and lst A al
margin punctiform.
Abdominal tergites brown, basal segmentand posterior ends
of succeedingones darker brown, subterminal segments morc
uniformly dark brown, hypopygium slightly paler; proxintal
dark brown, otttcr
sternitesclearlight yellow,apicesconspicuously
sternitesuniformly darkened.
Habitat: Uganda. Holotype, €, Fort Portal, 5,000 ft't'1,
Novernbcr25, 1964 (Marion E. Smith).

Studia Ent., vol. 15, fasc. 1-'1 agosto cle 1972

115

The species is named for Dr. Marion Estelle Smith, to whom I am
irrtlebted f or many new and interesting species of Tipulidae f rom the
Nearctic, Neotropical and Eth,iopian regions. Dr' Smith is well known
for her excelleni studies on the biology of various groups of Diptera''f'he most similar regional species include Trentepohlia (Trentepohlia)
ttmantis Alexander, oi the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda;'f ,Q) fenestrata Alexander, Uganda, and T. (T') perpicturata Alexander,
cameroon, all being distinguished among themselveschiefly by the patternof the legs and wings. The abruptly whitened tips of the femora in
the presenl fly should be emphasized. A somewhat comparable condition
is found in certain other species, including T. (7.) larotypa Alexander,
Uganda, and T. (7.) pomeroyi Alexancler, Nigeria, which in othercharacters are quite distinct from the present fly.

22. Gonomyia (Lipophleps) medleri sp. n.
S i z e s m a l l ( w i ng o f m a l e a b o r r t 3 .2 m m .) ; r o str u m a n d p a l p i b l a ck;
ly blackened, variegated with light yellow, especiallymesonotum ch,ief
the posterior border of the scutellum, pleura light brown with a yellow
vential stripe; halteres dark brown; f emora brownish yellow with adarker brown nearly terminal ring, in cases the femora almost uniformly
darkened; wings weakly infuscated, prearcular and costal fields lightyellow, including the outer radial cells; abdomen black, posterior borders
bt tergites broaclly light yellow, stelnites more narrowly so; malehypopy.gium
with ihree- dististyles, the outermost a blackened rod, its
ni.sui iOge producecl into a recurved {lattened point; phallosome withblackenedsuboval apophyses,aecleaguscrook-like; ninth sternite narrowecl
outwardly into a long slencler blackened spine'

M a le. - Length,about 3 mm.; wing, 3.2-3.3nrm. Fernale.
Length, about 4 mm.; wing. 3.4 mm. Rostrun and palpi
slender,black.Antennaebrownishblack,in maieflagellarsegments
long verticils.
the more proximalones with the usual cxcessively
Head gray; eyes of male very large.
Pronotum above,pretergitesand lateral praescutalborders
pruinose;extrerne
clearlight yellow.Mesonotumchieflyblackened,
posterolateralbordersof scutallobe and broad posteriormargins
of scutellumclear light yellow,.lateralareas of postnotunlmoreol)scureyellow. Pleura light brown with a conspicuousyellow
vcntral stripe that includesthe fore coxae and dorsal sternoplcuriteand meron. Halteresdark browtt, knob brownishblack.
Lcgs with coxae yellow, trochantersbrownish yellow; femora
hrorvnishyellow rvith a darker brown nearly terminal ring, inCasesthe entire femur more uniformly darkened.Wings (Fig'?7) lveakly darkened,prearcularand costal fields light yellow,,lncludingalso cells Rr, Rz and R3; stigma pale brown; base of
Fs ;rnd anterior cord very restrictedlydarkened,indicatedchietly,:bI tlrc darker veins; veins brown, slightly more yellowed ins€url;rl fielrl Longituclinal
veins beyond cord chiefly with trichia,41 0Alex anc ler ,S t r r t i i l En t., vo l . 1 5 , Ia sc' 1 - 4 , a g o sto cl e 1 9 7 2

Af r ic a n C r a n e F l i e s I llacking on Cul and the veins comprisingcell lst M2. Venation:
Sc short, Scr ending shortly be{ore origin of Rs, Sc2 near its
tip; cell R3 present,vein R3 suberectto erect; m-cu at or close
to fork oI M.
bicolored,black, posterior
Abdominal tergites conspicuously
bordersbroadly light yellow, the sternitesmore narrowly of thiscolor; hypopygiumbrownishyellow.Male hypopygium(Fig' 30)
with three dististyles,d, the outer longest, appearing as a
blackenedrod, on mesaledge beyondmidlengthwith a recurved
flattenedpoint; intermediatestyle about two-thirds as long, aslendergently curved blackenedrod from a more dilated paler
base, the tip acute; inner style snlall, oval, pale yellow' Phallosonle,p, including two blackenedsuboval apophysesthat subtend
the crook-likeaedeagus,o,. What appearsto be the ninth sternite,
9s, is a large plate that narrows outwardlyinto a slenderblackspine.
Habitat: Nigeria. Holotype, 6 , Ile-lfe, August 11, 1969
(Medler). Allotopotype, ? , pinned with type' Paratopotypes''1 1 7

1,1,,\\' nr\l ryr' l l ow; claws ver y sm all, yellow. Wings ( Fig 28)
p.rh' l rrorvtti sl tyellow, pr ear cular f ield clear yellow, st igm al r egion\,tfl u(' l y tttorc da r kened; veins pale br own' M acr ot r ichia in cells, rl
hal t of wing, m or e num er ous in dist al ends of cells' tl l t' t'
ending{ p,rsi l i on i ndi cated in f igur e by st ippling) ' Venat ion: Sc1
oblique'.,l totl l y bci ore for k of Rs, Sc, slight ly r em oved; R2 slight ly
nttl rt' tl i talto R z-si cell 1sl M 2 sm all; m - cu shor t ly be{or e f or k oi
,l l , i tt cases about t o one- t hir d it s lengt h; vein 2nd A st r aight 'Attclominal tergites brorvn,
yt' l krw cd.

several d I .
onThe species is dedicate<1to the collector wh'ose important work
thetointroduction
inthediscussed
been
Nigeria
hasof
the insects
is most similar to species
paper. Goiomyia (Lipophteps);;;.";i'Alexander,,medlerikata,ngae. Alexander'
G (t')
iuch as' G. (t.) llavonoiata
themselves chiefly
amongclifferwhich
Alexander,
una c. (L.) Iibe:riensis
Alexander'i"- frypoliygi"l characters. A iurther species, G' (L') sobrina.
{emaleunique
the
by
only
me
to
known
is
Nigeria,stillof nottf.t6t"n'fromlargerintheevidently
Ily
present
thediftlrsi'p.-"*fri.fr.mostsiie ana in details of coloration of the body and wings'

23. Trichotrimicra flavidella sp. n'
Size small (wing of female to 4.5 mm.) ; general coloration ofhead ancl thorax yeilow; legs brownish yellow; wings pale brownish
yellow, stigma vaguely more tarkened, cells of outer hali of wing witlr
numerous Pale macrotrichia.

Female. - Length, about 3.5-4 mm.; wing,3.5-4.5 nrrn
Rostrum light yellow, palpi slightly darker. Antennae brown;
verticilsmuch longer that the scgments.Head yellow.
Pronotum and pretergites clear light yellow. Mesonotal
praescutumdarker brownish yellow, the sides and ptlstcriorscleritesof notum,as well as the pleura,clear light yellow' tltt
clarkt'rrirr.
last with a barely indicatedpale brown longitLrdinal
extendingfron above the fore coxae to bcncatlt thc lllllt'tt':,
Halteresyellow,in casesthe knobs vaguelyrttoretlarkctlt'tl.l t 1'
with coxae ancl trochantcrsliglrt ycll()w, rclllaill(lcr rrl l, !l-sternites andgenitalshieldDist r ict 'H abi tat: Kenya. Holot ype, ? , Subukia, Nakur u
Par aIti ft V al l ey P rovince, 6, 400 f eet , June 1948 ( Hoogst r aal) 'on t wo Pins.
l opotypes,5 I9.
The most similar regional species are Trichotrimicra subnubila(A l exander),ofKenyaandUganda, andT'vanst r aeleni( Alexander ) 'presentl)emocraticRepublictf Cnngo ind Kenya, readily tolcl from thelly by the brown colorationof the head and thorax'

24. Baeottra nigeriana sP. n'slightlypraescutum
General coloration of thorax gray,. with .four.
-broadly
blackeneci;
intensely
moreborclJrs
lateralntore blackeneostripes,
paler bands
antennaeand legs black; wings pale brown, with' alternating.
anclbasal section
R,,-r-nRr;thann.:.ftorteri"rti'ft,outer
theincludingof Ru short, subequal.
Lengt h, about 3'8 m m '; wing' 4'5 m m ' Rost r unt
Femal e. t hr ouglt out ;bl ackened, pal p i m oie int ensely so' Ant ennae blackprogr essively
oval, t he out er onesl rroxi mal f l agellar segnlent s
rttore el ongate. Head light gr ay'
P ronotunl d ar kgr ay. M esonot alpr aescut um r est r ict edlylightbehindgl ay w i th four slight ly m or e blackened st r ipes, t he sides
post
er iorblackened;
int
enselymorel l te humeral re gion br oadly
Pleur
a
dar
kened'
lobes
l ccl eri tes of not um light gr ay, scut al
inf
uscat
ed'
l rl ;tckened,spar sely pr uinot "; dor sopleur al nlem br ane
coxae
I l rl te res brow n, including t he lar ge knobs' Legs wit hofhl nckened, spa r sely pr uinose, t r ochant er s br own; r em ainder
includingl sgn bl ack. W i ngs ( nig. ZO ; wit h t he gr ound pale br own'
between
area
the
cord,
at
llte proximal thlrd und u broad band
pale;
br
oadly
wing
l l te tl arkened b ands and t he out er f our t h of
Rg;
t
han
shor t err€l ns l l row n. Venat ion: Rs m oder at ely long,short; m-cu at
t-ltts /?,-3-a and basal section of R5 subequal'
l enr rrri dl cngt hof M s- a.

Alex anc ler ,418

St udia Ent . , vol. 15, f asc. l- 4, agost o de 1972

Af r ic an Cr an e F l i e s l l

419

Abdomen uniformly dark brown. Ovipositor with all four
primary valves very short and obtuse,the short lateral arnature
oval.
Habitat: Nigeria. Holotype, ? , Ngel Nyaki, North East
State,5,000 feet, March 31, 1970 (Medler); in high forest'
Bae ou ran iger ianais r eadily dis t inguis hed{ r o m a l l E t h i o p i a n m e m b e r s
the patterned win[s.. In. the previously cited^paperot the g.nu. ly
pp.
on th,e Tipulidae, in South African Animal Life, vol.. 10,.40'7-410;
made.known
hitherto
specieseight
theapproximately
writer,1964, by theis the tirst fromare discussed in some Oituif. The- prisent record
being from thetropical Africa, the vast majority of ihe known species
Oriental region.

25. Erioptera subirrorata AlexanderuI,".??;"jl''"'n'!?1,u.pedition'!:iiii:::f ii:ilie:i, obl,,,ll'*',Ii'
Eiiiiiiil'lil'
i S S a - s S . r , o l . I, n o . 7 : 3 1 7 ; 1 9 5 6 .
Ethiopia: Jimma, June 29
July 3' 1965 (Gurney)'
Previouslyrecordedfrom Kenya,SouthernRhodesiaand Transvaal'
It is uncertainto me whether this is the same speciesas
Erioptera transmarinaBergroth (Wien' Ent' Zeitg' 8: 115-116;
1889),describedfrom Algeriawhereit was collectedby Huguenin
and was based on the fentalesex' It appearsthat the two species

qri;,}\v
l ' j . l r. . ' \,t\are similar and allied.

1

7{

26. Toxorhina (Ceratocheilus) lyrata sp. n'
Allied to cornigera; th,oracic pleura yellowed, with a dark brownpattern
dorsal stripe; wing-s cream-colored, with a conspicuots brown
t
i
p
.
o
f vein
t
o
o
f
o
r
i
g
i
n
R
s
f
r
om
ex
t
endingarea
tha t in clu dis a c om m onp, ; mate hypopygium with aedeagus unusually large, lyriform, the stout
ar'ms with artiiei"truncated, extended into acute points'

M a1e. - Length,excludingrostrum,about 4 mm'; wing, 4
mm. Rostrum brownish black, evidentlyvery long (broken inunique type, the remainingportion about 2 mm')' Antennaewith
scapeUio*n, enlarged;remainderof organ lacking' Head-lightgray, the corniculusyellow, entire; anteriorvertex relativelybroad,about twice the diameter of scaPe'
Cervicalregionbrownishblack' Thorax of type badly damaged'aapparently chiefly yellowed, patterned with darker, including.on.pi.uoutdarkbrowndorsalstripeonpleura,extendedcaudad
toincludetheposteriorthirdofmediotergite,ventralsternopleurite similarly darkened. Halteres broken' Legs with. coxae
lightand trochantersobscure yellow; remainder of legs chiefly
Wings
browrt, thc color produced in part by abundant setae'

36
37
Fig
31
T os or lt i n a (C e ra t o c h c i l u s ) l y ra t a s p . n . ; v e n a t i o rl . -f ri g . l j 2 . To : : o rh i n Q( C er atoc hei l us )venation.
Fi C . 3 3 . To x o rl i i n a(To x o rh i n a )lticti.pennis sp.n.;s t( ,nom ( r a s p:n. ivcnation.
(C t : ra t o c h L i l u s )Fi g . 3 . 1 . To x o rl r! n a
I y ra ! asp.n.;m al e l r y popy gi un . Fi g . 3 5 .
To x o rh i n a (To x o rh i n a )g ro h q mi g rq h a mi A l e x a n d 0 r;
(To
x
o
rh
i
n
o
)
m af e .l ) y popy gi u r. t
*
.
3
6
.
Ta
x
o
rh
i
n
a
g
ra
h
a
n
t
i
o
c
t
:
t
a
p
?
.
\
s
rrb
sp.n.;
fr nafe hy popy gi um. Fi g . 3 7 . To x o rh i n a (To x o rh i n a )s t e n o me ra s p . n . ; h y p o p v g i u rr.
( S ]' m b o l s . . \ 1 a e h y p o p y g i u m:c . a e d e rg u s : 1 ). b i rs i s t y c : u 1 . d s t i s l \ ' l c ;i.
i n t e rb a s e ; ; r, p h a l i o s o me ; t , t e rg i t e ).
')7 4'

1 20

Alex anc ler ,Af r ic an Cr an e F l i e s I l( F ig. 31 ) cre a n l y e l l o w , c o n s p i c u o u s i y pattcrned rvi th brow n,
inc hr ding ar e a s a t a rc u l u s , S c 2 , a c o m n .tonmark extencl i ng trottr
or igin of Rs to ti p o f v e i n R ' , i n v o l v i n g the base of vei n R z-s-+ ic or d and v ein n , n a rro w l y b u t c o n s p i c u ousl ybrow n; pal er brorvn
c louds at en d s o f v e i n s M " . to 2 n d A i ncl usi ve, w i th sti l l pal er
was hes near o u te r e n d s o i c e l l s R 3 to M, and ntore extensi vel yin c ells Cu a n d l s t A; w i n g a p e x p a l e yel l ow ; vei ns l i ght yei l ow 'br ou' n in t he d a rk e n e d p o rti o n s . Ve n a ti on: R s short, about onehalf t he bas a l s e c ti o n o f v e i n R 5 , v e i n s R r-:z and antcri or branchof Rs near ly p a ra l l e l; c e l l I s t M, l o ng, about one-hal f ntore
t han c ell 2nd M" ; m-c u a t n e a r o n e -thi rd M1;-0.
A bdonr cn b ro w n i s h b l a c k , b a s e s of thc nl ore proxi rttals egnr c nt s na rro w l y y c l l o w , th e o u te r three l nore uni f ornrl ydar k c nec l ex c e p t fo r th c v a g u e l y p a l e r outer end of the sevenths egnr c nt . M a l e h y p o p y g i u m ( F i g . 3 4 ) w i th posteri or border oft er git e, / , s t ro n g l y c o n v e x , n re d i a l l y w i th unusual l y l ong setae'
O ut er dis t is t y l e , 1 1 ,v e ry s rn a l l , a p p e a ri n g as a gentl y curved broadLr as ed s pine , i n n c r s ty l e w i th a c o n spi cuous sl i ghtl y recurved
s ubbas al poi n t a n d u ,i th a b o u t s i x l o n g setae near base of outerr r r ar gin. I nt e rb a s e , i , a n e a rl y p a ra l l el -si ded pal e bl ade, apex
obt us e. P hal l o s o n te ,p , rv i th a c d e a g u s unusual l y l arge, appcari ng
ly r if or nt , eac h a rtn s to u t, o u te r e n d o b l i qucl y truncated, the ti p
ac ut c .
Habit at : N i g e ri a ' H o l o ty p e , 6 l , Ib adan' Jul y 26' 1966 (J'L. Libby , t hr o L rg hM e c l l e r). Pa ra to p o tY P e,a si ngl e w i ng ttrourtte' dwit h t y pe.
The most nearly allieclregionalspeciesis Toxorlirta (Ceratocheilus), i n n s antpsoniW esche,1910)'Th' i sc or niger a( S p e i s e r),1 9 0 8(s y n o n y m w
r lif f er - ses pec i a l l yi n h y p 0 p y g i a ls tru c tu re ,i ncl udi ngthe sl encl erfi l i formar m s 0f t he a e d e a g u sth a t a re n o t e x p a ndedor otherw i semodi fi ecl
out war dly .
27. Toxorhina(Ceratocheilus) pictipennis sp. n.

brow nG ener alc o l o ra ti o nb l a c k ; w i n g s w h i te neclw, i th a conspi cl tol ts
at corclanclmicllength11fcell R, tlgetlt':rpatternthat inclurlescrossbands
wit h m ar gina ls p o tsi n c l u tl i n go n e a t mi d l e ngthof cel l 2nd A ;l ongi ttrdi nal
v eins behinc lc o s ta u n u s u a l l yg l a b ro u s .
F e nt a l e . - L e n g th , e x c l u d i n g ro strunt, about 7 l ttttt.; rt' i ti Li ,4. 3 r nm . Ro s tru n t b ro l ;e n b e y o n d b a s e . A ntennae w i th scap' -'arttl
pedic el blac k , f l a g e l l a r c n l a rg e n re n t s l i ghtl y pal er. l l cacl sr;rl "t he c or nic le l a rg e a n d s w o l l e n , d i re c ted cephal ad'
P r onot u n r a n d c e rv i c a l re g i o n b l ack. Mesonotal pracsctl l tl rrl
c hic f ly c ov e re c l b y c o n i l u e n t b l a c l < s tripes, hunteral regi ttn P ;tl t' r

Stu cl i a En t., vo l . 1 5 , fa sc. l - .1 , a so sto cl e l g 7 2

121

gray; scutum and scut ellum polished black, post not um and pleur ai ntensel y dull black. Halt er es black. Legs wit h coxae black,trochanters obscur e yellor v; r ent ainder of legs dar l< br or vn. Wings( Fi g. 32) whit ened, wit h a conspicuous br own pat t cr n t hat
i ncl udes l ar ger ar eas at ar cLllus,near ly com plet e bands at nearIni dl ength of cell R and at cor d, and f ur t her nt ar ks at end of vein
R 3, .compl eiely cr ossing t he cell; st ill ot her spot s at out er endof cel l I st M ", out er end oi cell R3, and nt ar ginal nt ar kings at
ends of veins, including also a conspicuous ar ea at nt idlcngt hof cel l 2nd A; veins pale br own, slight ly dar lier in t hc pat t er ned
areas, S c and R slight ly palcr . Veins unusually glabr ous, including
S c and R , wit h a f ew t r ichia near out er cnds of veins Rs, M 1 - 2
and M3. V e nat ion: Rs shor t , about one- f our t h t he basal sect ionof R si cel l 1sl M " lct ng, ncar ly equal t o t hc veins bcyoncl it .
A bdonr en duil black.
H abi tat : Nigcr ia. Holot ype, 9, I danr e, M ay 2, 1g70 ( M ccller ) .
Toxorhina (Ceratocheilus)pittipennis is readily told from otherregi onal spe ciesby t he unusuallyconspicuous
dar keneclwing pat t er nthat forms c r r ssbancls
ancl clist inct ive
m ar ginalspot s at t he enclsof t heveins ancl in cell 2nd ,4. The most similar speciesis Toxorhina (Ceratocl tei l us)ed war dsi( Alexander )which,
has t he wing pat t er nquit e clist inct .

28. Toxorhina (Toxorhina)

grahami acutapex subsp. n.

M a l c. Lengt h, excluding r ost r unr , about 4. 5 r nnr . ; r ving,
3.8-3.9 mm.; r ost r unt , about 3 m m . Fenr ale.Lengt h, excluding
rostrum, about 5- 6 nr nr . ; wing, 4- 4. 8 nt nt . ; r ost r uni, about 3. 84 mnr.
General color at ion as in t ypical gr aham i. Head ancl t hor ax
l i ght gray, t he I at t er scar cely pat t er ned. Knobs of halt er es
i nfuscated.M ale hypopygiunr ( Fig. 36) diif er s f r onr t hat of t ypicalgrahami (Fig. 35) especially in t he dist ist yles and int er base. I n
the present r ace at t ent ion is called t o t he dist ist yle, d, espcciallythe gentl y cur vat ur e of t he lower or concave m ar gin and t he
cxtcnded apical point . The int er basc, l, of t hc pr esent r ace ismore consp icuously dilat ed at apex.
H abi tat : Niger ia. Holot ypc, 6 , I le- lf e, Apr il 21, l g69(Medl er). Ailot opot ype, ?, pinnecl in copula wit h t ype. par at opri typcs, one €, M ay 25, 1969, onc. ?,Januar y 20, 1920.
I' aratype, ?, O wer a, Wcst St at e, July 20, 1969 ( M ecller ) .

4 22

Alex ander ,Af r ic an Cr an e F l i e s I I

29. Toxorhina (Toxorhina) stenomera sp' n'with three
General coloration of mesonotum dark brown, praescutum
infuscated'<larker brown stripes; knobs of h,alteresdarkened; wings weakly
slender'ancl
longinterbasewithhypopygium
maleoute. u.ins with trichia;'tentimes iire diameter; lobe of mesal face ofiti tength more thanstr.ongly curvecl
basistyie with very long coarse setae; clististyle single'
the length
broad'
andshort
aedeagusofto the subacute iip; irms
about four to five times the diameter at base'

Ma1e. - Length, excludingrostrum' about 6'3-6'5 mm';wing, 5.5-6 mm.; rostrum,about 3.8-4 mm' Female'- Length'
excludingrostrum,about 6.8-7 mm.; wing' 6'5-7 mm'; rostrum'
about4'8-5mm.Rostrumabouttwo-thirdstheremainderof
body, black.Antennaeblack. Head dark brown, sparselypruinose'
Cervical region black' pronotum dark brown' Mesonotal
praescutumwith ground brownish gray, sides pale gray, disk
withthreedarkerbrownstripes;posteriorscleritesofnotum
darkbrowntobrownishblack,sparselypruinose,centralregion
pleuraof scutum light brown. Propleurabrown, remainderof
withHalterespruinose'sparsely
blackened'
and the pleurotergite
brown'
knobofapex
stem diriy white, base obscure orange'
Legs with coxae brownish black, pruinose;trochantersobscure
yelLw; temorabrown, paler basally,remainderof legs dark brown
extremeio brownish black. Wings (Fig' 33) weakly darkened'veinsremainingtheveins,
thebase more yellowed, inituOing
beyondveinslongitudinal
conspicuouslydark brown. Anteriorand Rs''generallevei of origin of Rs with trichia, includingRs
black'
trichia
iogetherwith M3 rnO t*o outer sectionsof Mt-2;
ofRs;
Venation: Sc1 ending shortly beyond origin
co"nspicuous.
m-cu betore tork of M.
Abdominal tergites and hypopygiumdark brown' sternites
ovipositor
in casesmore yellowed with narrowly darkenedsides;of mesallobe
withchiefly yellow. Male hypopygium(Fig' 37)
thesetae'
face tt basistyle,b, wiih veiy long coarseblackened
paler
similarly abundant setae on mesal face of style somewhat
strongly
and more slender;interbase'l, dilated at base' thence
obtuse'but
dilatednottipbent and extendedinio a slenderrod,
thelengthotrodexceedingtentimesitsdiameter'Dististyle'strongly to thed, yellow, single, terninal In position, curved
a' withsubacuteapex, on face with a low tlange' Aedeagus'.
five times thearms short and broad, the length about four tobasal diameter.
Habitat'. Tanzania (Tanganyika)' Holotype' d' Marungu'
Kilimandjaro,6,000 feet, October 25, 1964 (Marion E' Smith)'

Stu d i a En t., vo l .1 5 ,fa sc. 1-4, agosto de 1972

Allotopotype, 9 , pinned with type. Par at opot ypes, I J,
on a single pin.

423
I

9,

Other African species of the typical subgenus that have a single
dististyle on the hypopygium include Toxorhina (Toxorhina) cuthbertsoni
Alexander, of South Africa, T. (7.) grahami (Wesche), West Atrica,
and T. (7.) tonkouiana Alexander, West Africa. All of these differ inhypopygial characters, especially in the interbase and mesal lobe of thebasistyle. The unusually long and slender interbase has suggested thespecific name for the present fly.

30. Styringomyia acuapicalis sp. n.
S i z e s ma l l ( w i n g o f m a l e l e ss th a n 4 m m .) ; g e n e r a l co l o r a ti o nof body light yellow, posterior borders of abdominal tergites very
narrowly light brown; legs yellow, f ore and middle femora restrictedly
ringed with, darker, posterior pair umpatterned; wings yeilow with avery limited darkened pattern, vein 2nd A curved to margin; malehypopygium with inner arm of dististyle an oval f lattened blade, its
apex procluced into an acute blackened spine; phallosome including
two powerful black lateral spines and two broader f lattened plates.

M a I e. - Length, about 6 mm.; wing, 3.8 mm. Rostrum
and palpi yellowed.Antennaeyellow, scape and pedicel only
slightly darker. Head yellowed.
Thorax entirelyIight yellow. Halteresobscureyellow. Legs
ycllow,fore and middlefemorawith a very pale brown incomplete
ring on upper surface only, posteriorlegs unpatterned.Wings
yellow, darkenedpattern very restricted;veins yellow, r-m, m-cu
and outer end of cell 1s/ M2 brown; vein 2nd A curvedto margin,
without a spur, tip not darkened.
Abdomenyellow, posteriorborders of tergites very narrowly
light brown, narrowly interruptedat midline. Male hypopygium(Fig.39) with apical lobe of tergite, t, broad; sternite, s,narrow, apical modified setae relatively small, separatedf rom
one anotherby a distanceabout equalto the diameterof a single
puncture,apex of sternite slightly producedbeyond the setae.
Dististyle,d, with outer lobe long and slender,setae sparse andinconspicuous;intermediate
two arms with blackenedspinoidpegs
about as shown, those of outer lobe about 30 in number, of
the inner fewer, about 20, placed on outer ntargin; innermost
arm an oval flattened blade, its apex produced into an acuteblack spine. Phallosome,p, distinctive,including two powerfulclivergentblack lateral spinesand two broader blackenedplates,
their posteriorapicesweakly toothed;apex of phallosomeheavily
blackened,apparentlytrifid, as shown, the central point smaller.

Alex ander ,Stu d i a En t., vo l .1 5 ,Af r ic an Cr an e F l i e s I I

Habitat: Nigeria. Holotype, 6,(Medler).

fa sc.1 - 4 , a g o sto d e 1 9 7 2Ile-lie, June 20, 1970

By my key to the Tropicat African members of the genus earlier-(Ruwenzori
Report, 1956, pp. 370-373) the present fly runs tocited
couplei 27 that inciudei Styringomyia dendroides Alexander and S.
sch ou ted en i Alex ander . I t dif f er s f r om t hes e a n d a l l o t h e r g e n e r a l l ysimilar regional species in hypopygial structure.

31. Styringomyia medleriana sp. n.
Ge ne ral color at ion of m es onot um dar k br o w n , p l e u r a y e l l o w e d ; w i n g s
yellow (conspicuouslv patterned with brown, vein 2nd A angulated andion g-spu rred near apex ; m ale hy popy gium w i t h b a s i s t y l e b i s p i n o u s ;ilist-istylewith outer arm clarkenecl,more th,ickenedbefore midlength, with
about 10 blackened spinoid pegs; inner arms blackened,sh,ort and compact,with rows of blackened pegs; phallosome blackened, including an outereroup of three strong spines and a stouter more basal black rod'

M a I e. - Length,about 7.5 mm.; wing, 5 mm. Described
slide.Rostrumlight brown;
from the type mountedon microscope
palpi with proximal three segmentsbrown, their basesvaguely
paler,terminalsegmentpaleyellow,nearlyas long as the combined
precedingtwo. Antennaewith scape yellowed beneath,brownabove,pediceldark brown, flagellumlight yellow. Head chiefly
brownish yellow, darker posteriorly.
Pronotumbrown. Mesonotumchiefly dark brown, variegatedby yellow at and near suture,pleura chiefly yellow, restrictedly
more darkened above. Halteres broken. Legs with C OX A C andyellow; remainderbroken.Wings (Fig. 38) very paletrochanterspatternedwith brown, includingmore evidyellow, conspicuously
ent areasover anteriorcord, includingvirtually all of vein Rr-e,outer end of cell lst M, and the fork of vein 2nd A, the color
extensivelyinvolving the membraneas well as the veins; more
restricteddarkeningson m-cu, tork oI M3-a, with still paler
marks at ends of veins Ra-5 and veins M2 to /s/ A inclusive;
veinsyellow,brown in the more heavilydarkenedparts.Venation:
R2-3 slightly oblique,longer than basal sectionof Ra-5, distal
fourth pale; cell 2nd M2 narrowlvsessile,m-cu at near midlengthoI M3-a; vein 2nd A near apex bent at virtually a right angle'
long-spurred.
Abdomenwith tergitesyellow, each with paired darkenings
six and sevenmoreextensiveat posteriorborder,thoseon segments
and with further centraldarkeningextendingalmost to base of
segment; sternitesand hypopygium yellow. Male hypopygium(Fig. a0) with apical tergal lobe, /, elongate, about one-halflonger than its diameter across base, narrowed outwardly, apex

,0

<-\

qfr
4L

43

F i g. 38. Sty r i r fo * U o me d l e ri a n a s p . n . ; v e n a t i o n . Fi g . 3 9 . S t t , ri n p o mv i a a c u a n rc a t $s p.n: m al e hy p o p v g i u m.
Fi g . 4 r). S t y ri n g o my i a me d t J ri a n a s p . n . : " ma i e l ry p o p y g ru m.
....- F i g. 4l . Sty ri n F. o ml i q q u o d r. i d i v i s a s p n . t ma l e h y p o p y g i u m.
Fi g . 4 2 . S i j ri h B o my t as ( 's s i l l s s p.n.: ma l e l l y p o n y g i u m.
Fi g . l J .
S l y ri n g o my i a! ri l o h u t a s ri . n . j m' a l e(S y m b o I s . A l a l e h y n o n y g i u m:hy pony gi um .
h . b a s i s t y l e : d , , . l i i t i s ry t e ; i ,i n t e rb a s e ; , / 7 , p h a l l o s o n t e ; s , s t e rn i t e ; t , t e f g i t e ).

42 6Alex ander ,Af r ic an Cr a n e F l i e s I I

obtuse,covereduniformlywith very abundantshort erect setulae;
sternite, s, with stem slender, outer end .dilated, apex deeply
furcate,each lobe with a long seta. Basistyle,b, at apex withtwo modified spinoid setae,outer seta broken in type but fromthe size of punctureevidentlylarge, the sntall inner seta {roma low tubercle; mesal face of style at base with long setae.
Dististyle, d, with the elongate outer arm dark, more thickened
beloremidlength,with about 16 blackenedspinoidpegs arranged
in two incomplete rows, outwardly with a few long delicate
setae;inner arms of style subequal,short and compact,heavily
blackened,both armswith rows of blackenedspinelikepegs,aboutp, includinga blackenedouter mass thatas figured.Phallosome,is producedinto about three strong spines,with a stoutermore
basal blackenedrod,
Habitat: Nigeria. Holotype,d, on slide, Ile-lfe, March 12,
1969, at light (Medler). The type was associatedat light withseveralother speciesof this genus,includingStyringomyia crassicosla (Speiser),S. nigripalpis Edwards,S. tenuisternaAlexander,
S. vittata Edwards, and others.
The present speciesis dedicated to Dr. Medler as a turther recognitionof his eff orts to make known the insect f auna of Nigeria. The mostsimilar species is Styringomyia serristylafa Alexander (describecl f rom
Libreville, Gabon, as th,e French Congo at that time; Rev. Zool. Bot.
This dif f er s es pec i a l l y i n d e t a i l s o f h y p o p y g i a l
Afr.. 1 9:3 62 ; 1930) .
structure, especially the dististyle, the tergite, sternite and phallosome
being generally similar in the two species. The wings of serristylata
are much more strongly yellowed than in the present f ly. It may be
noted th,at this latter species was described and figured as having asingle spinoid seta but it would seem that the type might have been
clefEctiveancl more material may be needed in order to settle this point.

32. Styringomyia quadridivisa sp. n.
Size small (wing of male 4 mm.) ; general coloration yellow, mesonotum
patterned with brown; legs yellow, femora and tibiae with incompletebrown rings; wings yellow, very restrictedly patterned with brown,
including marks on anterior cord, m and the posterior end of m-cu,
vein 2nd ,4 curvecl strongly to the margin; abdomen yellow, tergites
narrowly darkened posteriorly; male h,ypopygiumwith tergite terminaiing
in a cushion that is densely covered with yellow setulae; sternite withouter end long and pale, basal punctures of terminal moclified setae
contiguous.

M a I e. - Length, about 6 mnr.; wing, 4 mm. Female.Length,about4.5 mm.;wing,3 mm. Typesmountedon microscopenarrowly
slide.Rostrumyellow,palpi brown,the basesof segments
yellowed. Antennaewith scape brown, paler beneath,pedicel
brown, flagellumyellow. Head yellow, anteriorvertex darker.

Stuclia Ent., vol. 15, fasc. 1-4, agosto cle l9Z2

427

Thorax chiefly yellow, mesonotumpatternedwith brown,
especiallyevident on pronotum and postnotum. pleura more
uniformly yellowed, posterior spiracle encircled by brown. Legs
with coxae and trochantersyellow; femora yellow, each dorsallywith two incompletebrown rings; tibiae similar, apex ancl asubterminalring at near one-thirdthe length brown; tarsi yellow,
terminalsegmentbrown; posteriorfemur of male on lower faceat apex with a compact group of about eight strong slighily
curved spinoid setae, the longest one nearly straight. Wings
yellow, very restrictedlypatterned with brown, including theanteriorcord, especially r-m, and lessevidentlyon m and posterior
end of m-cu, the areas only slightly involving the membrane;veins yellow exceptingthe darkenedparts described.Venation:
Cell 2nd M, narrowly to ntore broadly sessile;vein 2nd A
curved strongly to the margin.
Abdomenyellow, tergitesdarkenedposteriorly,narroweston
the intermediatesegments,more extensiveon subterminalones,
sternitesand hypopygiumyellowed.Ovipositorwith cerci only
slightly darkenedat the obtuse apices.Male hypopygium (Fig.
4l) with the tergite,/, terminatingin a cushion,the setulaeof
distal third directedoutwardly,those of the more dilated basedirectedbasad.Sternite,s, with outer end long and pale, basal
puncturesof terminal setae contiguous.Spine of basistyle,b,single. Dististyle, d, with inner mass compact, the distributionof spinoid setae about as shown. Phallosome,p, appearingas
a blackenedmass,the individualcomponents
ditficult to determine
in the ntaterialavailable.
Habitat: Nigeria. Holotype, d on slide, Ile-lfe, June 20,1970 (Medler). Allotopotype,9, with the male. paratopotypes,
d9, on a single pin.
By my key to the Tropical Af rican species oI Styringomyla citecl
earlier in this paper, the present fly runs to couplet 27 that includes
Styringomyia dendroides Alexancler and S. schoutedeni Alexander, fromwhich, and from S. acuapicalissp. n., it differs conspicuouslyin hypopygial
characters and less evidently in details of coloration. Other somewhat
similar species inclucle S. impunctata Edwarcls and S. subimmaculata
Alexander.

33. Styringomyia sessilis sp. n.
General coloration of thorax yellow, patterned with brown, theventral pleura clear light yellow; femora yellow, with two broad brown
annuli; wings weakly suffused, with a darker brown cloud at r-m, vein

Af r ic an Cr an e F l i e s I l

Ale* ander ,4 28

2n d A cu rve d to m ar gin; abdom inal t er git es lig h t b r o w n ; m a l e h y p o p y g i L r mwith the moclified spinoid seta of basistyle sessile; clististyle with setaeo f o ute r arm delic at e, inner t hr ee ar m s wit h c o n s p i c t t o L t sa r m a t u r e , t h e
in ne rmost with t his appear ing as s pines , t h e o t h e y s a s s p i n o i c l s e t a e ;tergite terminating in a setiierous cush,i0n that narrows outwardly ttr
a sie nd er lo be ; s t er nit e long anc l nar r ow, t he te r m i n a l s e t i g e r o u sp u n c t u r e s
n arro wly se pa r at ed.

-

M a le .

-L cn gth ,a boutbla ck.

Ante nn ae

Lengt h,4
wit habout 6. 5 nlnl. ; w i n g 'nt nt . ;

wing,

4. 2

s c ape obs c ur e

4.2 ntnt" Fentalc.

n1m. Rostrurn and palpi
ye i l o '. n ' b e n e a t h , b r o w n i s hblack above,pedicelblack; flagellumobscureyellow, outer segrurentsslightly more darkcned.Head light brownish yellow.
Pronoturrryellow, narrowly bordered by brownish black.
Mesonotalpraescutunlchieily obscureyellow, thc stripesvaguelydelinited by pale brown; scutunl obscure yellow, scutellun'lbrownish black with a narrow ycllorv central line, parascutella
brown, vcry narrowlymore yellowed
otlscureyellorv;mediotergite
at niiddline,pleurotergiteyellowed.Pleura alrove narrowly lightbrown, inctuding the dorsopleuralntentbrane,ventral region,
includingthe coxae and trochanters,abruptly ciear Iight yellowHalteresbrown. Legs with basal segnrentsas described;femora
yellow r'vith two broad bron'n annuli, thcse nearly as extensivc
as the separating yellorv ring; tibiae yellow, tips narrowly
brownish black, with a vague palcr ring just beforc rnidlength;
tarsi pale yellow, tips of fore and middle pairs brown, ternrinal
segmentdark brown; posteriortarsi short' Wings with a weakbrown suifusion,slightly darker in fenlale,in ntale the proxintal
fourth slightly more yellorved;a distinct darker brown c!oud at
r-m, involvingthe membrane;veins brown, clistinct'Costaltringc
relativelylong. Venation:Cell 2nrt M, sessile;vein 2nd A curved
to margin.
Abdorninal tergites and hypopygiunl alnlost uniforrtlly
light brown, the incisures vcry narrowly darkcr, sternites
slightly nrore yellowed.Male hypopygium (Fig. 42) with thetergite, /, terminatingin a cushion that narrows to a slenderlobe, the entire surface with abundant Iong yellow setae, themore basal ones directedcephalad.Stcrnite,.s, long and narrow,the two terminal setigerouspuncturesseparatcdby a distanceabout equal to their own dianleter (their spinoid setae broken
in type). Basistyle,b, with the usualmodifiedspinoidsetascssile,
not on a basal lobe as usual in the genus, the seta unusuallylong, subequalin length to the outer arm of dististyle.Dististyle,d, about as figured; outer arm with delicatesetaeonly, at baseSt udia Ent . , vol. 15, f asc. 1- - 1,agr ist ot le 1972129

w i th a sl ender f inger like lobc; t hr cc inncr lollcs r lar kcnecl anr lconspi cuous,t he out er nt ost m or e ilat t cr r cd, apex gcnlly colt c; t vt . ,l vi th about a scor e of st r ong spinoid set ac, wit h aildit ior r al t lclic. . r lt 'nornral set ae lnor e basad; int er m ediat e ann I ongcr anr l n) () r r ,sl ender, w i t h eight spinoid set ae, t he out er nt ost lar ger ; inncr ar r r r
broad at b ase, nar r o'nvedout war dly, t he m ar gin r vit h t en st r ong
bl ack spi nes ( not spinoid set ae) . Phallosom e, p, unusually longand sl ender , t er m inat ing in t wo pair ed blackened hooks, t heirbasal stem wit h a sm all f inger like lobule.

Habitat: Nigeria. Holotype, d , lle-lfe, June 20, I 970(Medler). Allotopotype,9, with type.
Among the numerous regional speciesof the uenus, only Styringontyia
sjostedti Eclwards, of Cameroon, agress with the present f ly in theh y p o p y g i a l ch a r a cte r o f h a vi n g th e b a si styl e w i th , th e m a j o r sp i n o i dseta sessile. All other species have from one to three such setae, ina l l c a s e s p l ace cl a t th e a p e x o f a co n sp i cu o u s b a sa l tu b e r cl e . In o th e r
respects, inclucling h,ypopygial details, the present species is quite clistinct
Irom sjoestedti.

34. Styringomyia trilobula sp. n.
G e n e r a l co l o r a ti o n o f h e a cl a n cl th o r a x a l m o st u n i fo r m l y ye l l o w e r l ,p o s t e r i o r e n cl s o f a b d o m i n a l te r g i te s r e str i cte d l y d a r ke n e d ; l e g s w h i te n e cl ,w i t l r o u t d a r k e n e cla n n u l i ; w i n g s r e str i cte cl l yp a tte r n e d w i th b r o w n , i n cl u d i n g
n t a r k s o n r - m, m a n d d i sta l e n d o f 2 n d A, th e co l o r vi r tu a l l y r e str i cte clt o t h e v e i n s, a n te r i o r b r a n ch o f R .s n o t r l a r ke n e d ; m a l e h yp o p yg i u mr,iith posterior encl of ter.qite trilobed, all lobes obtusely rounclecl andu itlt, abunclant clelicate setulae.
M a le. -L e n g th , a b o u t 6 .5 n tn t.; w i n g , 4 .5 m n r . D r scr i b e dfrorrr typc rnount ed on nicr oscope slidc. Rost r unt yellowed, palpi
sl i s^htl y dar ker . Ant ennae r vit h scape and pedicel light br own,
I l ;tgel l unr yellow, t he segnr ent s wit h long black sct ac. Headcl ri el l y ycl lowed.
' fhorax of t ype alm ost
uniior m ly yellor ved. Halt cr es yellow.
| .t' gs w i th coxae and t r ochant er s yellow; r em ainder oi legsu' l ri l errei l , lvit hout dar kened annuli as in ot her species ( bot hp.stt,r' i rr I cgs pr eser ved, t he ot her s br okcn) . Wings laint ly,yt' l l orvcrl ,r cst r ict edly pat t er ned wit h br own, including r - nr , f l: ,;rrrtl tl i sl al cncl of vein 2nd A, t he color vir t ually r est r ict ed t ol l rl vt' i ns, ant cr ior br anch of Rs not dar kened. Venat ion: Ccll;' ntl ,l l - na r r o\ vly sessile; vein 2nd A near apex angulat ed andrl l r r1| 51y11y -11' 11.

.\l rtl orr r t 'nyclkt w, post er ior ends of t er git es wit h t wo nar r owly
rr' p;11;111t l:'11
r r kcnings. M ale hypopygiunr ( Fig. 43) wit h t er git e,

430

Alexander, AlricanCraneFliesIIt, large, posterior end trilobed, all lobes obtusely rounded andprovided with abundant delicate setulae; sternite, s, with outerend relatively narrow, setae terminal, slender, their punctures
very slightly separated.Basistyle, b, with a single terminal seta(broken beyond puncture). Dististyle' d, with outer arm longand very slenderlintermediatearms appearingas flattenedblades,
the numerousblackenedpeglike setae arranged about as shown;
inner style with a strong lateral lobe or blade, shaped about
as shown in figure and subfigure. Phallosome,P, with outer
rnass heavily blackened, short-spinous, cephalic border withsmaller lateral points and a central extension.
Habitat: Nigeria. Holotype, d on slide, Ile-lfe, March 12,1969 (Medler).
Other African speciesof the genus that have the apex of theninth tergite of the hypopygiumtri'lobedincludeStyringomyiaannulipe-s(Enderlein), S. liberiensis Alexander, S. Iineaticeps Edwards, and S.
occidentalisEdwards, all with this structure quite diflerent from thecondition in the present fly. The uniformly pale legs likewise differ
from those of other regional membersof the genus with the exceptionof S. scftouledeni Alexander, which has the tergite and dististyle quitedistinct.