Studia Entomologica,
vol. 14, fasc. 14 novembrol97l

New or insufficiently known Australasiancrane flies (Dipt. Tipu'lidae)

C h a r l e sP . A l e x a n d e r

EditOraVozegLtda., Petr6polis,Rio de Janeiro,BrasilStudia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembro l97l

267

New or insufficiently known Australasiancrane flies. I(Tipulidae, Diptera)CharlesP. Alexander
Emeritus,University of Massachusetts,
Departmentof Entomology,
Amherst. Massachusetts(With

50 figures)

The speciesof Tipulidae discussedat this time are f rornvarious localitiesin the Australasianregion. The majority aref rom New Guinea where they were collectedby Dr. Lambertus
JohannesToxopeus,chiefly in the Snow Mountains ( Sneeuw
Gebergte)of the tormer NetherlandsNew Guinea, now West
Irian in the Republik Indonesia.Toxopeuswas a member of
the Third Archbold Expeditionto New Guinea in 1938-1939
and nrade entomologicalcollectionsof paramountimportance.
The short accountof his lite and work here providedis adapted
f rom the obituary notice by Diakonoff, l95l , cited in the listof SelectedReferences
later in the presentpaper.
Toxopeuswas born September8, 1894, in Toeban,Java.
He studiedand taught natural history in Holland and later invarious schools in Java. I n I 938 he was appointed by theGovernmentof the Dutch East Indies to be the leader of the
Dutch group of the Third Archbold Expeditionto New Guinea(designated
Expedition).
Indian-American
as the joint Netherlands
The principalcollectingareaswere in the high Snow Mountainregion,with further numberedstationsextendingfrom Hollandia,
on HumboldtR^y, in June 1938,to Lake Habbema,near Mount
Wilhelminain the Snow Mountains(Stations4 to 7, June-July,
August to November1938), returningto Hollandiaby mid-April
1939 and during this period establishingten further canlps
betweenNovemberI 938 and July 1939. Details concerningthe
l7 collectingsiteshavebeengivenin otherpaperscitedhereinafter268

Alexander,A u s t r a l a s i ac nr a n ef l i e s ( l )(Alexander,1958; Brass, l94l , 1942; Toxopeus,1940). The
extraordinarydiversityand richnessof thesecollectionshas beenemphasized
by Diakonoffwhosepaperprovidesfurtherinfornrationcollector.
concerningthis outstandingstudentand entomological
Most tragically,Toxopeuswas killed when he was run down
in a ntotor car accidentin Mandung, Java, March 21, l95l ,at the age of 56.
Types and other materialsresultingf rom these collections
are preservedchiefly in the Leiden Museum,with turther parts
being assignedto the AmericanMuseum of Natural History,
New York. I am most grateful to Dr. Maurits Anne Lieftinck
f or the privilegeof retainingthe types of the uniquespecimens
as had been indicatedin
includedin the Toxopeuscollections,severalearlier reports.Dr. Lieftinck formerly was Director of
the Z oologicalMuseumand Laboratoryat Bogor ( Buitenzorg),
Java, and later was with the GovernmentMuseumof Natural
papers I hope to completethe
History, Leiden.In subsequent
study of the still unworkedmaterialsin this collection.
In the present account f urther Australasianspeciesare
ntadeby Dr. JeanL. Latfoon
includedbeingbasedon collections
by Noel L. H. Krauss
in northernNew Guineaand Bougainville,in New Hebrides,by Edwin H. Bryan, Jr., Otto H. Swezeyand
Elwood C. Zimmermanin Fiii, and by Swezeyand Louis R.
Carrigou in New Caledonia.I expressmy deepestthanks toall of these f riends and co-workersfor their generosityinprovidingme with many new and rare speciesof cranef lies.
Selectedlist of relerences

list of papersthat stressthe Archbold
In the accompanying
III New Guinea Expedition I have included suPPlementarY
referencesto the five further Archbold Expeditionsto New
Guinea and adjacent regions. These detailed accountsand
by Archbold,Brassand Randof the six expeditions
descriptions
are of great interestand value to all studentsof the incrediblyrich f auna and f lora of New Guineaand its adjoiningislands.
The Bibliographyof New Guinea Entomologyby Gressitt andto the insectsof New Guinea
Szent-lvanycites 6140 references
and adjacentareasthrough 1967 and is of primary importanceto all workers.

Studia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembro lg7l

269

Alexander,
C . P . N e w o r l i t t l e - k n o w nT i p u l i d a e ( D i p t e r a ) .C V l .
Oriental-Australasianspecies.- Ann. Mag. ruit. Hist. (l3i I : 657-65g;
1958.(Summaryof Toxopeusstationsof Third Archbold Expedition).
- New or little-known_Tipulidaefrom Eastern Asia (Diptera), XLVII.
Itinerary; historicaldevelopmentof knowledgl of crane flies of New
Guinea).
- The Same,LII.
Ibidem,g2: 383-419,3g figs.; 1963
- New or little-knowncrane-fliesfrom New Guinei (Diptera: Tipulidae).
Part l.
Pacific Insects,3 (a): 495-506,24 figs.; 1961. (List ofgenera and subgeneraof ripulidae of New Guinea)A r c h b o l d , R i c h a r d ,a n d A . L . R a n d . R e s u l t so f . t h e A r c h b o l dExpeditions.No. 7. Summary of the 19331934 Papuan Expeclition.
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 69, art. g: szi-slg, map, pls.
28-46; 1935.
A r c h b o l d , R i c h a r dA, . J . R a n d a n d L . J . B r a s s. Resultsof theArchboldExpeditions.
No. 41. Summaryof the 1938-1939
New Guinea
Expedition.
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 79: 197-288,3 maps,
pls. l-35; 1942.
B r _ a _ s s! ,. J . f n e 1 9 3 8 - 3 E
9 x p e d i t i o tno t h e S n o wM o u n t a i n sN, e t h e r l a n d s
N e w G u i n e a-. J o u r .A r n o l d A r b o r e t u m2, 2 : 2 7 1 - 3 4 2 , 7 p l s . ; i n c l u c l e s
ffi&p,itineraryand plant communities;lg4l.
- Resultsof the Archbold Expeditions.No. 68. Surnmaryof the lg4g
Cape York (Australia) Expedition. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
lA2, art. 2: l39-205,pls. 4l-47; 1953.
- Resultsof the Archbold Expeditions.No. 79. Summaryof the Fifth
ArchboIdExpeditiontoNewcuinea(l956-l957)
Mus. Nat. Hist., l18. art. l: l-70, I fig., I table, pls. l-g; lg5g.
- Resultsof the Archbold Expedition.M. 86. Summaryof
th,e Sixth
Archbold Expeditionto New Guinea ( l95g)
guit. Amer. Nlus.
Nat. Hist., 127; art. 4: l4s-zlo, I fig., I table, pls. z-13; 1964.
D i a k o n o f f , A l e x e iL. a m b e r t uJso h a n n eTso x o p e u s- . l ' h e L e p i d o p t e r i s t 'N e w s ,5 : 3 4 ; l g 5 l .
G r e s s i t t, J. L. Entomologicalinvestigations
in New Cuineamountains.
Proc. Hawaiian Ent. soc., l6; 47-69,I map, lo f igs.; 1956.
G r : s . s i t t , J . L . , a n d J . J . H . s z e n t - l v a n y . B i b l i o g' r a p o
h fy N e w
Guinea Entomology.
Pacific InsectsMonograph l g : l-674, map;
October 1968.
R ar d, A. L., and L. J. B r a s s. Resultsof the Archbold Expeditions.
No. 29. Summaryof the 1936-1937
New Guinea Expedition.- Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 77, art. 7: 341-390,z maps, pls. 2l-42; 1g40.
T o x o p e u s, L. J. NetherlandsIndian-American
expeditionto Netherlands
New Guinea (3rd Archbold Expedition to Netu Guinea l g38-'3g).
List of Collecting Stations.Treubia, l7 : 271-275(Dutch), 277-Z7g(English),map; 1940.

270

Alexantler,

A u s t r a l a s i acnr a n ef l i e s ( l )Tipulinae

1. Nephrotoma(Scamboneura)curtistyla sp' n'coloration of thorax yellow, patternedwith brown, incltrding-separate
Generalpraescutal stripes, pleura ancl pleurotergite yellowed;
threi
antennaeof male with flagellum-unifoimlybrownishblack; wings whitened,pale basal
stigma small, brown; intermedlate abdominal tergites withririgs, posterior borders blue or plumbeous bordered by velvet black'
latJral tergal borders and sternites yellowecl; male hypopygium withouter distiityle short, the length less than three times the greatest
breadth.

M a I e . - L e n g t h ,a b o u t 1 3 m m . ; w i n $ , I I . 5 n r m . ;a n t e n n a ,about 4 mm.
L e n g t h ,a b o u t 1 5 - 1 6n l m . ; w i n $ , 1 2 m n r .
F em a le.
Frontal prolongationof head yellow, nasus long; palpi
scapeyellow,terminalsegmentvery long.Antennael2-segmented;
and pedicel yellow, in male f lagellum brownish black, theverticils small,segmentswith very small basal enlargements,
in fentale
terminalsegmentstightlylongerthan the penultimate;proximal three flagellar segmentsbicolored,brownish black,yellowed.Head orangeyellow, cleareston
apicesconspicuously
the entireverticaltubercle;vertexwith a narrow brown medianvitta; occipitalbrand palerbrown,the nrarginsvaguelyindicated.
Mesonotal
Pronotumyellow,sidesof scutumweaklydarkenedpraescutumwith three potishedbrown stripes,intermediateareas
tbr.ur. yellow to brownish yellow, humeral region and lateralborder cleareryellow; scutal lobesyellowecl,centersextensively
brownishblack, ntedianregion more yellowed;scutellumlightbrown, parascutellanrore yellowed; mediotergitelight yellow,
posteriorthird brown. Pleura and pleurotergiteyellowed. In
female there are slight differencesin colorationbut a single
speciesseemsto be indicated.Haltereswith stem yellow, knob
dark brown. Legs with coxaeand trochantersyellow, fore coxae
in the allotype;fentorabrownish
weaklymoredaikened,especially
yellow,tibiaeand tarsi darkerbrown; clawssnrall,simple'Wings( Fig. I ) whitened,the snrallstigmabrown; veinsdarkerbrown,
Venation as shown;trichia beyond corcl black, conspicuous.
nredial forks cleep,second and thircl sectionsof veins M't-,
subequal;m-cu about one-haltits lengthbeyondthe fork of m.
Abdomen with basal tergite chiefly yellow, restrictedly
tergiteswith basal rings palc'
with broivn,succeeding
patternecl
in casesclear light yellow, the broad posteriorband blue-grayproximal and apical borders more velvety
plumbeousnreclially,

Studia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembrol97l

27r

brownish black, lateral tergal borders broadly yellow in male,narrowlyblackenedin females;outer tergitesand sternitesmore
yellowed,genital segmentschiefly yellow in both sexes.Malehypopygium( Fig. 6) with ninth tergite,t, transverse,posteriorborderwith two lobesand a smallmedianlobule;ventralsurface
with a sclerotizedlight brown plate, tergite above with sparse
small blackenedspinoidsetaearrangedin two slightly separated
groups. Median lobe of ninth sternite,s, suboval in outline,
distal end broader,surface with abundantmicroscopicsetulae.
Outerdististyle,d, unusuallyshort,extendingonly slightlybeyond
apex of the inner style, the length less than three tinres thegreatestbreadth;innerstylewith outer third blackened,
extended
into an upper lobe, apex truncate,lower beak very small; dorsal
crest low, yellow, with long yellow setae.Eighth sternitewith
posteriorborder nearly truncate,surface with relativelysparse
scatteredblack setae.What are interpreted
as beinggonapophyses
appearas flattenedblades,expandedoutwardly,apicestruncated.
H a b i t a t : N o r t h e r nN e w G u i n e a ( W e s t l r i a n ) .
Holotype,d , Hollandia,altitude 1.000 feet, March 1945
(Jean Laffoon). Allopotype, 9 , pinned with type. Paratopotype, I .
The present fly cliffers from Nephrotoma (Scamboneura)nigrodor.sali.s( A l e x a n c l e r ) ,o f n o r t h e a s t e r nN e w G u i n e a i n c o l r l r a t i o na n d e s p e c i a l l y
in hypopygial structure. There are still f urther unclescribedspecie-soft h e s u b g e n u si n N e w C u i n e a .
The relationships between iVephrotonn I{eigen and Scamhoneura
Osten Sacken are so close that I am consicierin.q
the latter group as
representinga subgenus of the older genus. The venation and malehypopygial structure are very similar in the two groups and likervise
show a close relationship with Dolichopeza Curtis. The venation of
the present fly ( Fig. I ) may be compareclu'ith that of Dolichopeza(Dolichopeza) distivena sp. n. ( FiS. 2) .

2. Dolichopeza (Dolichopezal anthema sp. n.
Size small (rving of male l0 mm.); head pale yellow on front,
dark brown posteriorly; antennae of male short, about one-fifth thewing; thorax conspicuouslypatterned with yellow and brownish black,
including an antterior transverse girdle on mesopleura with a lessdistinct band over the pleurotergiteancl adjoining sclerites;legs extensively
patternedwith u'hite; wing venation of the Scamboneuratype, including
the very narrow cel{ 2nd A; male hypopygium with posterior borcler
of tergite shallowly concave, almost smooth, the usual lateral lobes
undeveloped,the contiguous mesal lobe of the basistyle microscopicallyroughened; inner dististyle with, the enlarged heacl strongly bifid, thelarger nlughened portir-rntruncated at apex.

272

Alexander,A u s t r a l a s i acnr a n ef l i e s ( l )M a I e.
Length, about I mm.; wing, l0 mm.; antenna,
about 2 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head short, very pale yellow,
ntouthpartsand palpi brownishblack. Antennaeof male relatively
short, about one-fif th the wing; scape and pedicel yellow,
f lagellum black; f lagellar segments long-cylindrical,normal
vestitureblack, short, dense,concentratedon lower face, verticils
long and powerful, at midlength of organ about as long as
the segment.Anterior vertex clear orangeyellow, the remainderof head behind dark brown.
Cervicalregion and pronotumbroadly brownishblack above,clear light yellow on sides. Mesonotalpraescutumwith three
confluentbrownish black stripes, on anterior half the humeral
region extensivelyyellow, confluent with the propleuralpattern;
scutum behind suture dark brown, continuedventrad over theparascutellaand pleurotergiteto form a broad band. Pleura
chiefly covered by a very broad conrpletetransversegirdle,
includingthe posteriorhalf of praescutunr,
mesopleuraand theinten'eningdorsopleuralregion, pteropleuriteand meron orange,
silvery pruinose.Halteresvery long, stenrbrownishyellow, knob
dark brown. Legs with f ore and middle coxae obscureyellow,
posteriorpair light brown; trochantersbrownishyellowI femora
light brown, paler basally,darker before the narrowly whitened
genua; tibiae pale brorvn, tips more extensivelywhitened;tarsi
whitened,proximal parts of basitarsivaguely infuscated;claws
slender,simple. Wings suff used with brown, the oval stigma
darker brown; veins brown. Venationof the Scamboneurq
type,with Rs f ar distad, beyond the level of all other elementsof
the cord, the anteriorcord thus appearingvery oblique; medial
f orks very deep, cell M 1 about f ive times its petiole; m-cu lessthan one-halfits length beforefork of M; cell 2nd A very narrow.
Abdominal tergites chiefly dark brown, vaguely ringed with
obscure orange beyond the basal rings, outer segmentsmore
uniformlydarkened,hypopygiumyellow,the appendages
blackened.
Male hypopygium(Fig.7) with ninth tergite, t, transverse,
posterior margin very shallowly concave, with short lateralconcavities,
lacking developedlateral lobes as occur in most otherspecies; margin blackened, virtually smooth, with irregularmicroscopicrougheningsonly. Mesal lobes of basistyle,b, closely
approximatedto the tergite, transverselyoval, with abundantsmall tubercles. Dististyles, d, as shown, outer style with abasal extension,distally with more than a score of strcng setae,

Studia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. 1-4, novembro l97l

273

the longestaT apex; inner style with the enlargedsubcircularhead strongly Cetlexed,bifid, the largerdarkenedpart decurved,
apex truncate,surfacewith abundantmicroscopicroughenings.
Aedeagus,e, short and stout, penis a very long slenderpale
f ilament.

Habitat: Netherlands
New Guinea (West lrian).
Holotype,d , Station13, RattanCamp,altitudeI ,100meters,
March 5, 1939 (Toxopeus);ArchboldIII Expedition;type inanthor'scollection.
The specificname, anthema,is from the Greek, signifying a dancer.
Other regionalspeciesof the subgenushaving the so-calledScamboneura
type of venation and very narrow cell 2nd A include Dolichopeza(Dolichopeza)disseminataAlexander,D. (D.) distivenosp. n., D. (D.)
mongas sp. n., D. (D.) percuneatuAlexander,ancl D. (D.) thiasus sp.
n., all most readily distinguishedamons themselvesby the length andstructure of the antennae,venation and pattern of the wings, colrlrationof the legs, and the cletailsof hypopygial structure.

3. Dolichopeza(Dolichopeza)bibasis sp. n.
S i z e m e d i u m ( w i n g o f m a l e 1 2 m m . ) ; a n t e n n a er e l a t i v e l l ' s h o r t ,b l a c k , s c a p e a n d p e c ' l i c eyle l l o w ; g e n e r a lc o l o r a t i o no f h e a d a n d t h o r a x
b r o w n ; l e g s b r o w n , t i p s o f f e m o r a a n c l t i b i a e v e r y n a r r o r v l y1 t a l e ,o u t e r
tarsal segmentsyellowishwhite; wings lisht brown, stigma clarker,crlrcl
t r a n s v e r s ec, e l l M t d e e p , a b o u t f i v e t i m e s i t s p e t i o l e ; a b d o m e nd a r k
b r r l w n , i n t e r m e d i a t es e g m e n t sw i t h a n o b s c u r e o r a n g e b a n d a t n e a r
midlength';male hypopygium having beak of inner clististl'ler,r,ithtwo
blackeneddenticles.

M a I e.
L e n g t h , a b o u t l l - 1 2 m m . ; w i n g , 1 0 . 5 - 1 2m m . ;antenna,about 3.1-3.5 mm.
Frontal prolongationof head very short, light brown, palpi
black. Antennaewith scapeand pedicelyellow, f lagellumblack;f lagellar segmentscylindrical, the f irst subequal in length tothe combined second and third, normal vestiture very short,
longest verticils exceeding one-half the segments.Head lightbrown, the low vertical tubercle light yellow.
Pronotalscutumbrown, the very reducedscutellumyellowed.
Mesonotumalmost uniformly dark brown, humeral and lateralregions of praescutumslightly more yellowed. Pleura brown.
Halteresvery long, brown. Legs bro'wn,femoral basesyellowed,
tips of femora and tibiae very narrowly pale, basitarsi lightbrown, outer tarsal segmentspaler yellowish white; claws small,
simple. Wings light brown, stigma and a contiguousseam overanterior cord darker brown, cell Rs beyond stigma with a
l8

271

r a n ef l i e s ( l )A l e x a n d e r , A u s t r a l a s i ac n

whitened area,before stigma and over fork of M
conspicuousvery restrictedlypale; veins brown. Venation: Cord, including
medial forks deep,M t about f ive times
Rs, virtually transverse;
its petiole; m-cu about one-half its length before fork of M;
cell 2nd A relativelynarrow.
with an obscuresegnrents
Abdomendark brown,intermediateorange band at near midlengthat base of outer ring, broader
and more conspicuous
on sternites;hypopygiumslightly paler
Male hypopygium( Fig. 8) withthan the subterminalsegments.
ninth tergite, t, narrowly transverse,lateral lobes low, widely
separated;mesal lobe of basistylerelativelysmall, blackened,roughened.Outer dististyle,d, about f our times
microscopicallyas long as broad, inner style with the broad base yellowed,
outer half of beak narrowed gradually to the obtuse tip, f aceof beak with two blunt blackeneddenticles,the more distal one
placed close to lower edge.
Habitat: NetherlandsNew Guinea (West lrian) .
Holotype,6 , Station 7, Moss Forest Camp, altitude 2,800
meters,October 14, 1938 (Toxopeus); Archbold III Expedition,. Paratype, 6 , Station 9, Baliem River,in Leiclen Museum
a l t i t u d e1 , 7 0 0n r e t e r sD, e c e m b e7r, 1 9 3 8 ( T o x o p e u s )i,n A l e x a n d e r
Collection.
The specific name, bibasis, is from the Greek- signifying a kindof dance. Dotichopeza(Dolichopeza)bibasis is most similar to species
such as D. (D.) setistylasp. n., differing in the coloration of theand especiallyin the detailsof hypopygial
legs anclwings.short antennae,
structure.In this genusthe closeunion or approximationof the basistylein many species
and lateral lobe of the tergite should be emphasized,
j
o
i
n
e
d
a
singleunit.
as
as to appeart h e t w o l o b e sb e i n g s o n e a r l y

4. Dolichopeza(Dolichopeza)distivenasp. n.
Allied to percuneata;generalcolorationof thorax yellow, patternedwith brou,n, inctuding a transversegirdle on pleura; legs with tipsof femora ver!' narrowly white, of tibiae more broadly So, posteriortarsi uniformly white; wing venation of the Scamboneuratype, Rs
being transverse,very short. lying distad of other elementsof thenarrow; male hypopygiuntapparentlywith
corcl,cell 2nd A exceeclingly
a single dististyle.
M a I e.
about 2 nlnt.

Length, about I

mm.; wing, I

nlnl.; antenna,

Frontal prolongationof head obscureyellow, mouthparts
dark brown; palpi elongate,very light brown, apex of terminal
segmentblackened.Antennaewith base of scape light yellow,

S t u c l i aE n t . , v o l . l . l , f a s c . l - 4 , n o v e m b r o l g T l275

outer half brown, pedicel light brorvn, flagellum dark brown;f lagellar segntents cylindrical, longest verticils of proxinral
segmentsexceedingthe latter, all segmentswith a dense shortpubescence;terminalsegmentabruptly smaller,Iessthan one-fifth
the size of the penultimate.Head above light yellow, including
the low vertical tubercle,g€r3€ and sides of posterior vertex
extensivelylight brown.
Cervicalregion and central area of pronotal scutum brown,
the sides, scutellum and pretergites light yellow. Mesonotal
praescutumwith hunteralregion yellow, disk with lateral stripes
and anteriorthird of central region dark brown, the latter paler
behind,connectingwith the humeri;scutumand baseof scutellum
pale brorvn, remainderof notum more yellowish brown. Pleurafight yellow with a conspicuoustransversebrown girdle, more
intenseon the nresepisternum,
paler behind. Halteresvery long,stem brownish yellow, knob blackened.Legs with all coxae
and trochanterslight yellow, the latter restrictedlydarkened
beneath at tips; femora brown, apices very narrowly white,tibiaevery light brorvn,the extremebaseand broad tips whitened;basitarsiof fore legs very weakly darkened,the remaindersnowy
white, posterior tarsi uniformly white. Wings ( Fig. 2) weakly
infuscated,stigma brown; veins dark brown. Venation of the
Scamboneuretype, rvith Rs very short, subequalto Rr, placedd i s t a d o f r e n r a i n d e ro f c o r d a t i n n e r e n d o f s t i g n r a ; c e l l R ,conspicuously
narrorvedon outer half; veins of medial field long,m-cu nearly its own length before M+i cell 2nd A exceedingly
narrow, especiallyoutwardly.
Proximal abdominaltergitesweakly bicolored,dark brown,
paler basally, proximal sternites yellorved, outer abdominal
segments,includinghypopygium,more uniformly darkened.Malehypopygiunr(Fig. 9) with ninth tergite,t, very narrowlytransverse,
lateral ends long extended,median region of anterior borderslightly produced and shallowly emarginate,rn'ith microscopic
sculpture,the darkenedlobesof ventralsurfacewith large coarse
tubercles.
Basistyle,b, veryshortand stout.Dististyle,d, apparently
a single element,the usual dorsal style very reduced in size
and not well differentiatedfrom the base of the major style,provided lvith r-rnusually
Iong setae.
H a b i t a t : N o r t h e r nN e w G u i n e a ( W e s t I r i a n) .
Holotype, d , Hollandia, altitude 1,000 feet, Alarch 1945
( J e a nL a f t o o n ) .
lg*

276

Alexander,A u s t r a l a s i acnr a n ef l i e s ( l )The various Papuan species that are allied to Dolichopeza(Dotichopeza)percuneataAlexanderare recordedearlier under D. (D.)
anthema sp. n., all best separated among themselvesby hypopygial
characters.The great reductionor virtual loss of the dorsal dististylein the present fly should be stressed.

5. Dolichopeza(Dolichopeza)mongas sp. n.
General coloration of mesonotumbrownish yellow, pleura yellow,
with a transverselight brown girdle; antennaeof male very long, nearly
three-fourths th,e body; legs dark brown, tibiae and tarsi variegatedwith white; wings strongly infuscated,anterior cord restrictedlypatternedwith darker, venation of outer radial f ielcl of the Scamboneuratype;male hypopygium with outer dististyle very small, oval, the length
about twice the greatestbreadth,the setae totalling about fifteen.

M a l e . - L e n g t h ,a b o u t 1 0 . 5m m . ; w i n g , I I n 1 m . ;a n t e n n a ,about 7.5 mm.
brown,
Frontal prolongationof head exceedinglyrc'cluced,
palpi and mouthpartsbrownish black. Antennaeof male very
Iong, nearly three-fourthsthe body; scape very pale yellow,
pedicel whitened,tlaeellum brownish black; f lagellar segments
long-cylindrical,with abundanterect nonrlal vestitureand one
or two much longer verticils,the longest nearly one-third thesegment.Front and anteriorvertex light yellow, slightly darker
behind the antennae,remainderof head dark cinnamonbrown;
anterior vertex broad, about equal to the visible diameter ofthe eye.
Pronotumand propleuralight yellow. Mesonotalpraescutum
virtually covered by four brcad brownislt yellorv stripes, thedarker brown ground at cephalic end and as short lateralareas behind the hunteri; posterior scleritesbrownish yellow,
posterior border of mediotergitevaguely darker. Pleura yellow,
mesanepisternum
light brown to form a transversegirdle. Haltereswith stemyellowed,knob brown. Legs with coxaeand trochanters
yellow; femora obscureyellow, more infuscatedoutwardly, tip
narrowly whitened; tibiae dark brown, tips whitened,narrower
on fore and middle pairs, broader on posteriortibia where morethan one-fifth is included; basitarsi dark brown, tips andremainderof tarsi white; claws very small, simple.Wings ( Fig.
3) strongly infuscated,prearcular and costal fields narrowly
more darkened,stigma not further differentiated;a brown cloudover anterior cord; veins brown. Venation of radial f ield
approaching the Scamboneurqtype, the very short transverse
Rs slightly distad of the level of other elementsof cord; medial

Studia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembro 1971

277

forks deep, cell M I more than three times its petiole; m-cu
about one-third its length before fork of M; cell 2nd A very
narrow.
Abdomen dark brown, intermediatetergites with a lightgray ring at near midlengthof segment,just beyondthe impressed
areasof the basal rings. Male hypopygium(Fig. l0) with ninth
tergite, t, transverse,posteriorborder gently emarginate,entirely
undarkened,lateral angles smooth, obtuse, brown, contiguouswith the spiculoselobe on mesal f ace of basistyle,b. Outerdististyle,d, very small, oval, the length about twice the greatest
breadth,providedwith about 13 to 15 strong setae;inner stylewith outer end darkened,slightly wrinkled, outer margin withsparselong setae.Aedeaguswith the penislong, pale,very slender.
H abitat: NetherlandsNew Guinea ( West I rian) .
Holotype, d , Station 7, Moss Forest Camp, altitude 2,800
meters,October23, 1938 (Toxopeus); Archbold III Expedition;
type in author'scollection.
The specific name, mongas, is from the Greek, for a certain typeof dance. The species is most like Dolichpoeza (Dolichopeza) thiapus
sp. n. in the venation and pattern of the legs and wings, differingin the very long male antennaeand in hypopygial structure,including
both dististyles.D. (D.) distivenasp. n. differs more evidently in allof the above characters.

6. Dolichopeza(Dolichopeza)setistyla sp. n.
S i z e l a r . q e ( w i n g o f m a l e 1 2 m m . o r m o r e ) ; a n t e n n a el o n g , t h eflagellar verticils longer and stouter than the erect normal vestiture;legs dark brown, claws of male very small, simple; wings pale brown,with more whitenedareas before and beyond the stigma and in basesof outer medial cells; abdomen long, tergites light brown, sides ofouter ring of intermediatesegments with conspicuoussilvery areas,sternitesmore bicolored,light brown with,a yellow band at near midlength,
outer segmentsdark brown; male hypopy.qiumwith tergal lobes small,
apex obtuse,erect, widely separated; inner dististyle cleaver-shaped,
near outer end with a darkened area comprisedof large setigerous
puncturesbearing short prostrate setae, outer and marginal setae longand conspicuous.

Male.
L e n g t h ,a b o u t l 0 - l l m m . ; w i n g , l l - 1 3 m m . ;antenna,about 6-6.5 mm.; haltere,2.8-3 mm.
Rostrum and palpi brownish black, terminal segmentsof
latter long and slender,nearly equal in length to the combined
second and third segments.Antennae of male brownish black,long; flagellar segmentscylindrical,with denseshort erect setulae
throughouttheir length, these about equal in length to diameter

278'

Alexander,A u s t r a l a s i ac nr a n ef l i e s ( l )of segment,the sparseverticilslonger,from about 1.5 to twice
the diameter.Head dark brown.
Pronotumreduced,brown.Mesonotalpraescutunr
and scutumalmost uniformly dark brown, humeral region very restrictedly
yellow, posteriorscleritesof notum paler brown. Pleura pale
brown, propleura,anepisternum
and ventralsternopleurite
darkerbrown. Haltereselongate,stem brownishwhite, base narrowly
yeliow,knob dark brown.Legswith coxaeand trochantersbrown,
remainderof legs dark brown; claws very srnall,sinrple.Wings( Fig. 4) pale brown, costalregionand outer radial f ield darker,
stigma still darker brown, rvith a rvhitenedarea at either end;
more extensivepale marks near basesof cells lsf M2 and M+iveinsdarkerbrown.Venation:Outer niedialcellsrelativelydeep,
Mt nearlythreetimesits petiole; m-cu about one-haltits lengtht'reforetork of Ivl; cell 2nd A relativelybroad.
Abdonrenlong, tergiteslight brown, lateralbordersnarrowly
darker, on sides of outc'r riiig of tergitcs trt'o to f i.re rvith aconspicuous
silverygray pruinosearea; stcriritesnlore bicolorecl,
light brown with a ,vellowcd
band at ncar lrridlength;
hypopygiurns r n a l l ,d a r k b r o w n . S e c o n ds e g m e not f a b d o n r e nvery long, thetransverse
impression
beyondmidlength.Male hypopygiunr( Fig.
I I ) lvith the widely separatedlobesof the ninth tergite,t, erect.
Basistvle,
h, with mesallobe providedwith a.bundantmicroscopic
tubercles,
thc apicaloneslarger.Outer dististyle,d, short,about
one-halfthe irtnt-'r,apex obtuse;iirncr st_v'leonclea.vcr-shaped,
disk ncar oute'rend u'iih a darkcncclArca u'ith lars;esetigerous
puncturesthat bcar short prostratcsetae, the norrnalnrarginal
and outer setaelong and conspicuous.
H a b i t a t :N e t h e r l a n dNs e w G u i n e a( W e s t l r i a n ) .
Holotype,d , Station6, ScreeValley Camp, altitudc3.800
n r e t e r sS, e p t e n r b e1r4 , 1 9 3 8( T o x o p e u s; )A r c h b o l dI I I E x p e d i t i o n ,i r r L e i d e n M u s e u n r .P a r a t o p o t y p e s2, 6 € , S e p t e m b e r| | - 2 7 ,I 9 3 8 ; 4 6 d , E a s t o f W i l h e l n r i n aT o p , a l t i t u d e3 , 6 C 0r n e t e r s ,Septenrber
5-9, I 938 ( Toxopeus).
Dolichoytcza (Dolichoneza) .sclisl-r'/ais readily distinguisheclfrom
other regional species bf its size, ri'ing pattern ancl l'enation, ancl
e s p e c i a l l yb y h y p o p y q i a l s t r u c t u r e . I n t h , e ' s h o r t s e r i e s o f s p e c i m e n s
a v a i l a b l et h e r e i s s o m e v a r i a t i o n i n t h e r e l a t i v e l e n g t h s o f t h e a n t e n n a lv e r t i c i l s a n d t h e n o r m a l v e s t i t u r e .l n t h e h c l l o t l ' p et h e c r r n c i i t i o ni s a s
described but some other specimenshave the verticils muclt, shrtrter,s u b e q u a lt o o r b u t s l i g h t l y l o n g e r t l r a n t h e n o r m a l s e t u l a e .T h e o t h e r
features, including the hypopl'gium, are generally similar to the type
and I consider all as belon.qingto a single species.

Studia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembro l97l

279

7. Dolichopeza(Dolichopeza)thiasus sp. n.
Mescnotum almost uniformly medium brow'n, pleura concolorous,
u'ith a darker brown transverse girdle; antennae of male relatively
short. less than one-half the botly; legs dark brovrn, tibiae and tarsi
e x t e n s i v e l y w h i t e ; w i n g s s t r o n g l y i n fu s c a t e d , s l i g h t l y p a t t e r t r e d w i t h
d a r k e r , v e n a t i o n o f t h e o u t e r r a d i a l f i e l d o f t h e S c a m b o n e u r ot y p e ;niale hypopygium with dististyles distinctive- outer st1'le longer thantlre inner, its length about five times the breadth across base, narroweda t o u t e r e n d ; p e n i s a l o n g s i n u o u s b l a c k e n e dr o d .

M a I e . - L e n g t h ,a b o u t 1 2 m m . ; w i n g , 1 0 . 5 m n l . ; a n t e n n a ,about 4.5 nrm.
Length, about 13 mn1.; wing, 10.5 nlln.;
F e nra I e.
a n t e n n a ,a b o r r t3 l n n l .
Frontal prolongation of head f lattened and reduced;
nrouthpartsand palpi brorvnishblack. Antennaeof male relatively
short; scape brownish yellorv, pedicel clearer yellorv, flagelluln
brorvirishblack; f lagellar segrnentscylindrical, ncrntal vestiturevery short, verticils long, those of internrediatesegntentsaboutastrvo-thirdsthe segntent;first flagellar segmentappl'oxirrtately
lcrtlSas the secondarrd third combined,the ternti:ialvery stttall.
Ilead brown, anterior vertex slightly nlofe brightericri.
I-rronotrintbrou'n. A^.esonctunralmost ttnitt;rtttl,t'n:cdiuttt
ltrr,,ivn, praesctrtrinru,ithotrt evidcnt pattern. I)lcitra tttediutlt
aird sternunr rttuch darkcr to produce
brou'n, the rnesepistcrnurna llrcad transverse girclle. Halteres dark ltror,t'tt,ltasc of stent
Irarrow'lyyellorvcd.Legs with coxae brorvn; trochantersyellowcd;
icnrora dark brcrvn, tips narror,vlylvhitened; tiiliae dark brolvn,
cxtrenrebases and broader tips whitened; tarsi rvhite, proxinral
halt of basitarsi slightly more infuscated;claws, nlale, slender,
sinrple. Wings rveakly infuscated,stignta and a narro\.vsealllo.,,eranteriol'cord darker brown; veins brorvn. Venatit;tt:Radial
ficlcl of the Scontboneurat.ype, with Rs placecl farthcr distad
ti:an r-nt, in alignnrentwith the basal sectitln of R+-r; medial
cells de.ep,hI, abcut four tinresits petiole; m-cu abottt one-third
its length before fork of hl; cell 2nd A very narrow.
Abdoniinaltergitesdark brown, each paler at near midlengtlt;
hypopygium darkened. Ovipositor ( Fig. 12) with hypovalvaeheavily blackened.i\lale hypopygium (Fig. I I ) r,vithninth tergite,t, a narrow band, the concaveposteriorborder narrowly blackened,
the small lateral knobs smooth, blackened. Basistyle, b, withnresal lobe contiguouswith lateral tergal knobs. Dististyles,d,clistinctive,outer style longer than the inner, about five times

280

Alexander,A u s t r a l a s i acnr a n ef l i e s ( l )the greatestbreadth across the basal half, outer end narrorved
and gently curved; inner style with the stout beak appearing
doubled.Penist p€n, a long sinuousthickenedblack rod thatterminatesin a long slenderpoint.
Habitat: NetherlandsNew Guinea (West Irian).
Holotype,6 , Station 14, Sigi Camp, altitude 1,500meters,
February 18, 1939 (Toxopeus); Archbold III Expedition.
Allotopotype, I , pinned in copula with type.
The specificname, thiasus,is Greek for a troop of dancers.The
most similar speciesis Dolichopezo(Dolichopeza)mongassp. n., readily
told by the long male antennaeand the structureof the male hypopygium,
especiallyboth dististylesand the long slender pale penis.

8. Dolichopeza(Nesopeza)kraussianasp. n.
Mesonotalpraescutumlight brown with four darker brown stripes,
pleura yellow, conspicuouslypatternedwith brown; antennaeof ntale
elongate,proximalflagellarsegments
bicolored,yellow,the apicesdarkened;femora light yellow with a narrow brown subterminalring, tibiae andtarsi white, the tips of former very narrowly dark brown; wings whitened,with a conspicuousbrown pattern, Rs long, with an erect basal spur,
medial forks very shallow; male hypopygiumu'ith ei.qhthsternite verylarge, the outer lateral angles producedcaudad into figerlike lobes.

M a I e.
L e n g t h ,a b o u t l 0 m m . ; w i n g , 9 . 5 m m . ; a n t e n n a ,about 4.5 mm.
F e m a Ie.
L e n g t h ,a b o u t l 0 m m . ; w i n g , 1 0 m m .
Frontal prolongationof head dark brown, with very longsetae; palpi dark brown, outer end of terminalsegmentpaler.
Antennaeof male elongate;scapeand pedicelyellow, flagellum
yellow,outer ends of segmentsdarkened,narroweston the first,
progressivelymore extensiveoutwardly, on the intermediatesegmentssubequalto the ground, on outer segmentsinvolving
abouttwo-thirds;terminalsegmentvery small.In female,antennae
short, flagellar pattern about as in male. Head grayish brown,
occipital region slightly darker brown.
Cervicalregionbrownishblack.Pronotalscutumdark brorvn,
posteriorborder narrowly paler, scutellumand pretergiteslightyellow. Mesonotalpraescutumlight brown, with f our darker
brown stripes, lateral pair very broad, reaching the margin;scutallobesbrown, sidesand nredianarea light yellow; scutellum
brown, sides vaguelyyellowed;mediotergite
brown, parascutellamore yellowed,pleurotergitelight brown above,katapleurotergite
patternedwith dark brown,
yellow. Pleura yellow, conspicuously
including the propleura and anepisternum.Halteres rvith stem

Studia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembro lgTl281

light yellow,knob dark brown.Legswith fore coxaedark brown,
remainingcoxaeand all trochanters
yellow; femoralight yellow
with a narrowdark brown subterminal
ring, the actualtip paler;
tibiae white, extremetip dark brown; tarsi very long, white.
Wings (Fig. 5) whitened,with a very conspicuous
brown pattern,chiefly costal,includingvirtually all of cells C and Sc, withposteriorextensionsthat reach vein M behind,the centersof
the darkenedareaspaler than the margins;beyondarculuswith
subbasalareas f rom vein M to axillary border, very narrowlyinterruptedbehind vein 1sl A; further extensivedarkeningsat
wing tip, reachingthemarginon veinsRs,Re-5andM,'semicircularareasat end of vein Isf A and at marginof cell before2nd A;
muchsmallerdarkenings
includemarginalspotson veinsMz, Mt,
M4 and 2nd A and as seamsat fork of M, m-cu and outer endof Cut; a very pale brown wash beyondmidlengthof cell M;
veins pale brown, darker in the patternedareas.Venation:Rs
long, with an erect spur near base; medial forks very shallow,

cell M I acrossmargin of wing about three-fourthsits length;m-cu approximately
its own lengthbeforefork of M; vein 2nd A
short, the cell broad.
Abdominaltergitesbicolored,beyond the f irst with basal
ring narrowly yellowed,apices brown; sterniteschiefly lightyellow, apicesvery narrowly brown; outer segmentsincluding
hypopygiumdark brown to brownishblack. Male hypopygium( Fig. l4) with eighthsternite,8s, very large,exceedingin length
the combinedeighth and ninth tergites,outer lateral angles
producedcaudad into darkenedf ingerlike lobes provided with
abundantcoarse erect black setae, mesal part of each lobe
muchlessextended,with shortervestiture.The unitedgth sternite
and basistyle,with the tergite, unusuallysmall. Ninth tergite,t, with posteriorborder trilobed,medianlobe low and broad,smooth,lateralarnls extendedcephaladas long blackenedrods.
Dististyle,d, as figured, outer style small, some of the apicalsetaevery long.
Habitat: New Hebrides.
Holotype,6 , Erromatrgo,I I knr west of lpotu, March 1970
( Krauss). Allotopotype,I , pinned with type. Paratopotype,abadly damagedmale, wings mountedon slide, 8 km west of
lpotu, altitude 150-250meters,March 1970 (Krauss).

2'-92

Alexander,A u s t r a l a s i acnr a n ef l i e s ( l )This very attractiveand distinct speciesis nameclfor tlle collector,
my long-time friend. Noel L. H. Krauss, to whom I am inclebtectfor
manY crane f lies f rom all faunal areas. The relatively ferv regional
menrbersof the subgenusinclude Dolichopeza(Nesopeza)praesiltator
A l e x a n d e r ,o f n o r t h e r nN e w G u i n e a ,a n d D . ( N . ) j o b i e n s i sA l e x a n d e r ,f rom Japen lsland, in Geelvink Bay, northwesternNer,r'Guinea, very
different from the presentfly' in wing pattern ancl other characters.

Genus Tipula Linnaeus
Tipula Linnaeus; Systema Naturae, Edit. l0:

5.S5: l?5g.

9. Tipula (Indotipula) laffoonianasp. n.
A l l i e d t o v i l i s ; m e s o n o t a l p r a e s c u t u n rc r a n g c l e l l o u ' , r v i t h t h r e everl' sligh,tly darker stripes; wings bron.nish yellorv, prearcular andc r l s t a lf i e l c l sm o r e o r a n g e y e l l o w , s t i g m a y e l l o u ' i s hb r o w n ; o u t e r a b d o m i n a l
s e g m e n t s , i n c l u d i n . g t h e l a r g e h r ' p o p l-not, g i u m ,b l a c k ; m a l e h y p o p y g i u mwith ottter dististl'le wirlenecl at apex,
emarginate or bilobecl.

A4ate.
L c n g t h ,a b o u t l 5 - l o m n 1 . ;w i n g , 1 7 - 1 7 . 5m r n . .
a n t e n n a ,a b o u t 3 . 5 - 3 . 7 m n l .
F e m a I e.
Length,about 20-23 mr.n.;wing, rg-2r nrn.
Frontalprolongationof head relativelyshort, orangeyellolv,
wiih a narrow brown longituclinaldorsal stripe, siclesslightty
pi'uinose;nasuslong and slender;palpi yellow, tcrnrinalsegnrent
vei'\,long. Atttenttaewith scapeand pedicelyellclw,first flagellar
segirrc'ntbro.,\,11,yellowed basally, succeedingscgrrrentsblack;fia3-cllarsegntents
conspicuously
binoclose,
tire outer cniargement
larger and more angularthan the basal oltc, r'crticiisvery long.
H e a d w i t h t h e b r o a d a n t c . r i o rv e r t e x b r o u , n i s hg r a ! ' w i t h a
Ila!:row darkcr brolvn ccntral vitta, posterior vc'rtex orange,
genae light gra.v.
Pronotttnrand praescutunr
chiefly orangeyellorv,the latterwith three very slightly darker reddish [rrown stripes, scutal
lobessirnilarlydarkened;posteriorscleritesof noturnclcar lightycllti'nv.Pleura reddish yellow. Halteresrvith stcnr yelklw, thesll-rlll knob dark brclrvn.Legs with coxae brorvnishyellow,
troclianterscleareryellow; femora yellorv basally,passinginto
bron'n, tips darker; tibiae brolt'n, out!.r ends and tarsi darkbrolt'n; legs very long, cla'uvs
of rnalewith a small tooth. Wings
bron'nishyellorv,prearcularand costalfields more orangeyellow,
stigrna yellowish brorvn; r'eins brown, nrore yellor,r'edin thebrightenedf ields. Venation: Sc-, preserved,shorter than Scr;
Rs shorterthan Rr-s; petioieof cell M1 longerthan m; m-cu ator shortly before fork of M.;-+i cell 2nd A nroderately
broad.

Studia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembrol97l

283

Abdomen yellow basally, outer segmentsmore patternedwith darker, outer f our segmentschiefly black, including thelarge conspicuoushypopygium,outer dististylesyellowed.Malethehypopygium ( Fig. 27) with tergal lobes, t, conspicuous,
terminal point strongly deflected.Outer dististyle,d, widened
outwardly,not emarginateor bilobed as in querella,'inner stylewith the spinoid setae of the subdorsalrow about seven in
nurnber,small and weak. Eighth sternitewith posteriorborderconvexlyrounded,without conspicuous
setae.
Habitat: Northern SolomonIslands.
Is., altitude1,000feet,SeptenrberI-lolotype,6, BougainvilleNovember 1944 (Jean Laff oon) . Allotopotype,I pinned witht y p e . P a r a t o p o t y p e2s , 6 6 , 2
I9, with the types.
I d e d i c a t et h i s f l y t o D r . I - . L a f f o o n , o f t h e D e p a r t m e n to f Z o o l o g y
and Entomology of the lowa State University, to vvhom I am indebted
f or mank interesting crane f lies f rom Bougainville and northern Neu'
Ouinea.The most similar speciesis Tipula (lndotipula) querellaAlexancler,
cle:-,cribedf rom Kokocla, Papua. rvliich, cliffers in the smaller size anrl
i n d e t a i l s o f h y p o p y g i a l s t r u c t u r e , i n c l u d i n g t h e d i s t i s t l ' l e s .B o t h o lthese specieshave the spinoid setae of the inner style small and rveak
a s c o m p a r e dw i t h t h e u s u a l c o n d i t i o n f o u n d i n s p e c i e so f I r t d o t i r t u l a .
!iubgenus PatpuatipulaAlexancler
Tipula (Papuatipula) Alcr:ander; Proc. Linn. Soc. Ncrv South \\'a!es. (itl 5i2
5.t;(type- nova!-hi'ittanlat, Alcxandcr. Totita. Neir Britain).
Tipula (Papuutipuiu) Alcxantler; Philippinc Jorrr. Sci., 5i:
115; 1935.
I lJ

As iildicated iir the accountsprovided under the abtlve
re{erences,
the subgenusPapuatipulais nlost nearly relatccltc
Acutipuia Alexanclerand I ndotipula Edwards, diffcring nlost
evidentlyin the f undanrental
structureof the nlale hypopygiuln.
In the manyspecies
now knownfrom New Guineaand neighboringislandsthe vcnatioltof the radial field of the wing'shows a
progressive
reductionin the length of Rs and in the c,owding
cephaladof its anteriorbrarrchwith the f inal completeatrophyof vein R, -r, as shorvnin f igures 15 through26 of the present
paper. There renlain several f urther undescribedspecles ot
papers.
Papuatipulathat rvill be defined in subsequent

284

Alexander,A u s t r a l a s i acnr a n ef l i e s ( l )10. Tipula (Papuatipula)consiliosasp. n.
Size large (wing of male over 20 mm.); mesonotal praescutumwith four narrow gray stripes that are bordered by brown, posteriorscleritesof notum and the pleura yellow or orange,light gray pruinclse;
haltereselongate,dark brown; wings brownish yellow, weakly patternedwith pale brown,_Rsslightly longer than Rr_s, Rr-, distinctlypreserved,
about two-thirdsR2_3i male hypopygiumw-ith-bealbf the inner dististylelong and relatively slender, lower beak a massive blackenedlobe.

M a I e.
Length, about 24-25 mm.; wing, 2l-24 mm.;
antenna,about 4-4.1 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head orange, dorsally light graypruinose;nasusdistinct,elevated;prolongationsubequalin length
to remainderof head; palpi with first segmentyellowish brown,
remainderblackened.Antennae with scape and pedicel yellow,
proximal f lagellar segmentsbicolored,beyond the f irst darkened
basally with about the outer half paler, on succeedingsegrnents
becomingmore uniformlydarkened,longestverticilsabout one-halflonger than the segments.Head orange, posterior vertex dustedwith light gray; vertical tubercle low.
Pronotumorange,dustedwith light gray,sidesslightly darker,
scutellumcleareryellow. Mesonotalpraescutumwith the restricted
ground yellowed, disk with four narrow gray str.ipesborderedby cinnamonbrown, the intermediatepair confluenton posterior
f if th, interspaceslight gray; scutum light gralr each lobe withtwo brownish gray areas that are margined by light brown;
scutellunrlight gray, parascutellamore yellowed; postnotum
obscureyellow, conspicuously
light gray pruinose.Pleura orange,heavily light gray pruinose, dorsopleural region extensively
orange.Haltereselongate,dark brown, base of the stem abruptly
orange. Legs with coxae and trochanters light orange, very
sparsely pruinose; femora orange, outer ends slightly darker;
tibiae and basitarsiobscureorange,outer segmentsdark brown.
Wings brownish yellow, weakly patterned with pale brown,
includingthe posteriorprearcularregion,stigma,and a confluent
area in bases of outer radial cells, m-cu and adjoining partsof vein Cu, and the usual darkeningbeforemidlengthof cell Cu;
obliterativearea at cord relativelyinconspicuous,
scarcelyreachingcell Msi bases of outer medial cells not brightened;all outer
medial veins back f ronr margin narrowly bordered by light;rellowlveins light brown. Venation(Fig. 17): Rs slightly longer
than Rz-e; vein R,-, distinctly preserved,about two-thirds

Studia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembro1971

285

Rr-a; petiole of cell Mr subequalto m; m-cu at or beyond
midlengthof Ms-n.
Abdomenwith proximal four tergitesorange,outer half ofsecond and succeedingtwo light brown medially, narrowly
brownishblack sublaterally,the marginsbeyondthe basebroadly
silvery white; f itth and sixth tergites darker chestnutbrown,
lateral borders more broadly whitened; seventh tergite whitea conspicuous
sublateralorange spot on either side, its outerborder darker; eighth tergite uniformly pale, ninth tergite very
pale yellow, heavily white pruinose, posterior lobes darker;
proximalsternitesbrownishyellow, the outer ones darker brown,
terminal two segmentsslightly more pruinose.Abdomen withbasaltergitevery narrow,sternitemore extensive;secondtergite
very long, exceedingthe combinedthird and fourth tergites;
secondsternitea little shorter,subequalto the combinedthirdand fourth sternites.Male hypopygium(Fig. 28) with the ninth
tergite,t, separatedf rom the f used sterniteand small basistyle;eighth sternitenarrow,posteriorborder scarcelymodified. Ninthtergite with posteriorborder producedinto two low rounded
lobes that are separatedby a short narrow notch, the lobes
r,vithabundantshort blackenedpeglil<espinoid setae.Basistyle,b, at apex with a fingerlikelobe that is directednresad.Outer
to a point outwardly,withdististyle,d, broad at base,narrov,red
a blackenedflange extendedbasad, outer half of style withnumerousstrong setae;inner style with beak long and relatively
slender,lower beak a massiveblackenedlobe; regionof posterior
crestwith about l2 strongsetae;outerbasallobeshapedgenerally
like the outer half of outer style, terminatingin a blackened
point. Aedeagus, e, powerful, blackened, apex with two
flattenedblades.
Habitat: NetherlandsNew Guinea ( West I rian) .
Holotype,6 , Lake Habbema,altitude3,225 meters,August
5, 1938 (Toxopeus);ArchboldIII Expedition,in LeidenMuseum.
Paratypes,2 6 6, Station7, Moss ForestCamp, altitude2,700
meters,October 14 and 20, 1938.
The species is most readily separated from other members of thesubgenus th,at have Rs elongate and vein Rr-s preserved by the palewing pattern and especiallyby hypopygial structure,including the tergite
and both dististyles.

286

Alexander,A u s t r a l a s i acnr a n ef l i e s ( l )I l. Tipula (Papuatipula)gressittianasp. n.
General coloration of mesonotum Eray, patterned with brown;
antennaerelatively short, f lagellar segmentsnearly cylinclrical,verticils
sh.ort; legs yellow, femora with a vaguely indicateclpale brown ring;wings with the restricted ground clear yeltow, attractively patternedwith white, pale brown and darker brown; R.s long, all radial veinspreserved,m-cu at fork of Ms-qi male hypopygium with posteriorborder of ninth tergite shallo'wlycon-cave,margin with abunrlantdarkenetl
spinoid setae,outer dististylea simple yellow blade. inner style complex,
beak slender,outer basal lobe a slenderspine,eighth sternite unmodified.

M a l e.
L e n g t h ,a b o u t 1 7 m m . ; r v i n g , l g m m .; a n t e n n a ,about 3.5 m m .
Frontal prolongation of head slightly shorter than therernainder,light brown, nasus distinct; palpi obscure yellow,
terminal segment darker outwardly. Antennae relatively short;scape brownish yellow, succeedingsegmentsweakly bicolorecl,
yellow, bases darkened; flagellar segmentsnearly cylindrical,
basal enlargements
scarcelydeveloped,terminalsegmentsubequal
to the penultintate,verticils shorter than the segments.Headlight brown; vertical tubercle represente'clby a small elevation
behind each antennalfossa.
Prothorax small, yellowish brown. A4esonotalpraescutumwith the broad interspaces
gray pruinose,disk with three chestnut
stripes,the lateral pair with their nresalmargin brownish gray,almost concolorouswith the interspace;scutal lobes pale brown,
ntargins and median area more grayish; posterior scleritesof
notum light brown, parascutellapale gray, srnooth;mediotergite
rvith abundant long appressedsilvery setae, pleurotergitelightgray above, the katapleurotergite
light brou,n n'ith a darkened
spot on dorsal edge.Pleura chiefly yellowish gray without clearly
defined pattern. Halteres light brown. Legs with coxae pale
brown, silvery pruinose; trochantersbrownish yellow; fenrora
yellow with a vaguely indicated pale brown subterminalring;remainderof legs yellow, outer tarsal segnrentsslightly darker;
claws with a conspicuous
tooth at near micllength,with a smaller
basal point. Wings slightly narrowecl at apex, attractively
p a t t e r n e d ,g r o u n d c i e a r l i g h t y e l l o w , c e l l M s l i g h t l y p a l e r ; aconspicuouspale brown pattern, areas of proxinral half darker
lvith whitenedpattern as described;darker brorvn marks at andn e a r a r c u l u s ,a t n e a r m i d l e n g t ho f c e l l C u , p o s t e r i o rc o r d , s t i g m a ,a n d o u t e r e n d o f c e l l / . s / M r , w i t h a d j a c e n tv e i n s ; w h i t e n e c l
a r e a s a t c o r d , i n c l u d i n gp r o x i r n a lt h i r d o f c e l l / s f M 2 a n c l a no b l i q u eb a n c li n b a s e so f c e l l sM 1 t o M a , i n c l u s i v ew
, ith a further

S t r r d i aE n t . , v o l . 1 4 , f a s c . l - - 1 , n o v e m b r ol 9 7 l

287

extensionin outer end of cell Rsi additionalwhitenedpattern inprearcularf ield, basal fourth of cell Cu, and a distinct small
spot in centerof the darkenedmark in cell Cu; colorationof
veins very variablein different parts of wing, being yellow in
the Iight areas,darker in the brown markings; distal ends ofall outer nredialveins light yellow, including narrow margins
in the otherwisebrown c e l l s .V e n a t i o n :( F i g s . 1 5 , 1 6 ): R s a b o u t
one-half longer than Rz-s; all outer radial veins preserved;mabout twice the petioleof cell Mti m-cu far distad,at or close
to fork of Mz-+.
Abdominaltergitesvariegatedbrownish yellow and darker
brown, the elongatesecond segmentwith basal ring obscureyellow, outer ring brown; succeedingsegmentsobscureyellow,
sparsely pruinose,darker sublaterally,borders narrowly gray;sternitesyellow. Male hypopygium( Fig. 29) with ninth tergite,t, relativelylong, posteriorborder shallowlyconcave,the margin
with abundant darkened spinoid setae. Outer dististyle, d, a
simpleyellow blade; inner style complex,beak long and slender,
lower beak short and stout, terminatingin a microscopic
point;
region of posteriorcrest slightly elevated,outer basal lobe aslender spine. Aedeagus,e, short and stout, the subtending
apophyses
very small, oval; penis slender,relativelyshort, apex
terminatingin three filaments,the central one much smaller.
Eighth sternite rvith posterior margin very gently convex to
subtruncate,with sparse scatteredpale setae, none large ormodified.
H a b i t a t : N e t h e r l a n dN
s ew Guinea(West Irian).
Holotype,6 , Station 10, Mist Camp, altitude I ,800 meters,
J a n u a r y9 , 1 9 3 9 ( T o x o p e u s ) ;A r c h b o l dl l l E x p e d i t i o n ;t y p e i nauthor'scollection.
This attractive fly is named for Dr. Judson Linsley Gressitt.
distinguishecl
entomologistat the Bishop /Vluseum,
Honolulu,student of
the Coleopteraand authority ()n the zoogeographyof Antarctica andth€ Pacific Islands.I assign this speciesto the subgenusPapuatipula
despite certain differences in venation and in hypopygial structure.
There is no close relative so Iar made known.

12. Tipula (Papuatipula)lieftincki sp. n.
S i z e l a r g e ( w i n g o f m a l e a b o u t 2 5 m m . ) ; f e m a l e s u b a p t e r o u s( u ' i n g
a b o u t 5 m m . ); a n t e n n a e o f m a l e s h o r t , p r o x i m a l f l a g e l l a r s e g m e n t sbicolored, tlark brown with y e l l o w e d t i p s ; m e s o n o t u m y e l l o w i s h g r a y ,praescutal borders narrowly b r o w n i s h b l a c k ; h a l t e r e s v e r y l o n g ; l e g s
d a r k b r o u ' n ; w i n t s o f m a l e light brown, attractivel)' patterned u'ith

288

Alexander,A u s t r a l a s i acnr a n ef l i e s ( l )darked brown and cream-colored
areas, the latter including a band atanterior cord and in bases of outer medial cells; a conspicuousbrownspot before midlengthof cell Cu; proximal abdominalsegmentsorange,
lateral margins blackened,outer five segmentsmore uniformly gray;male h,ypopygiumwith tergite terminating in two broad subquadrate
lobes; inner dististylemitten-shaped,
the palm narrow.

(

I

I

M a I e. - Length,about 23 mm.;wing, 25-20mm.; antenna,
about 3 mrn.; haltereabout 4.5 mm. Somemalessmaller,length,
about 17 mm.; wing, 18 mm.
F e m a I e.
L e n g t h ,a b o u t 2 5 m m . ; w i n g , 5 m m .
M a I e. Frontal prolongationof head long, subequalto theremainder,dark brown; nasus distinct, with long black setae;
palpi brownishblack, incisuresnarrowlypaler. Antennaeof male
short; scapeand pediceldark brown, f lagellarsegmentsbeyoncl
the first vaguelybicolored,dark brown with obscureyellow tips,
the snrall terminal segmentuniformly black; flagellar segments$'ith very small basal enlargements,
longest verticils subequal
to or vcry slightly exceedingthe segrnents.
Head dark chestnut
brovt'n, light gray pruinose; vertical tubercle longitudinallyfurron'ed.
Pronotalscutuntbrown,heavilylight gray nredially.
Mesonotal
praesctttumyellowish gray with four slightly darker brownish
gray stripes,border narrowly brownishblack; posteriorsclerites
of notunt chiefly light gra/, each scutal lobe with two separate
very pale brown areas; scutellunrand mediotergitevaguely
patterned.PIeura yellowish gray below, chiefly dark chestnut
brolt'ttabove,ventralscleritespatternedwith nruchpaler brown.
Halteresvery long, as shown by the nreasurenrents,
dark brown,base of stem narrowly orange yellow. Legs with coxae pale,
gray pruinose;trochanterspale brown; remainderof legs dark
brorvn, tarsi passing into black; legs very long, claws of malesmall, with two basal spines,the outer one small. Wings lightbrown, attractivelypatternedwith darkerbrown and cream-colored
areas; darker brown marks include the stigma and adjoining
bases of radial cells, posterior cord and confluent outer endof vein Cu, with a conspicuousbrown area before midlengthof
cell Cu, this precededand followed by whitenedpattern; similar
conspicuous
whiteningsincludea very distinctband at and before
cord, extendingfrom C acrosscell Isf M2 into the base of cellMu, the basesof the other outer medial cells similarly whitened;
less evident pale areas beyond stigma and in outer ends ofcells Rr, Rr and MEi veins brown, whitened in the pale band

C
(

t
\

Studia Ent., vo'l. 14, fasc. l-4, novembro l97l

289

over the anterior cord. Venation: ( Fig. 24) vein Rt -, atrophied,Rs very long, exceedingRz-s; inner end of cell 1sf M2 pointed,
m-cu at near two-thirds Ms-q.
Proximal abdominaltergites orange,more or less light graypruinose,especiallybasally; lateral margins blackenedon basal
light gray on outer ring, including more thanpart, conspicuously
the outer halt of segment,basal sternitesorange,darker laterally;outer four segmentsdarkened, tergites black with light grayborders,outer five sternitesunitormly gray.Second abdominal
segnlentvery long, outer four segmentsshort and crowded.Malehypopygium ( Fig. 30) with ninth tergite, t, transverse,posteriorborder with two broad subquadratelobes separatedby a narrow
split, apex of each lobe nearly truncate,with very short dark
setulae.Basistyle,h, on mesal face near apex with a large oval
yellow lobe with very sparsesetae.Outer dististyle,d, a narrowblaclethat terminatesin a needlelikespine, u'ith an additional
lolv blackenedtlange with irregular teeth; inner style ntittenportion,
Iess than three titnes the <<thumb>>shaped,the <<paltn>>
the latter comprisingthe lower beak. Aedeagus,a' very stout,
its dianretergreater than that of the outer dististyle; penis
elongatc,terminatingin two long sinuousthreads.Eighth sternite
with posteriorborclergently convex,on central part r'l,ithabout
setae.
a sc()reof short ittconspicuous
F t. n1a I e. Generallvas in ttlale exceptirrg['.lr tht' sexual
Wings greatlyreduced,as shownby the nteasuretnents;characters.
generalcolorationbrorvn, ntore yellowedon proximal half, withwhitenedband at cord, venationentirelydistorted.
a conspicuous
Veins r;ery flabrous, costal setae sparse and scattered,thoseof outer half shorter, lacking along posteriorborder of wingi
veins glabrous.Haltereslong, the large knobs paler than thestenrs.Legs shorter and stouter than in nrale. Ovipositorwith
cercirelativelyshort,straightand slender,tips obtuse;hypovalvaeshorter,broad basally,narrowedinto subacutedaggerlikepoints.
H a b i t a t : N e t h e r l a n d sN e w G u i n e a ( W e s t I r i a n ) .
Holotype, 6 , Station 6, Scree Valley Camp, altitude 3,800
22, 1938 (Toxopeus);ArchboldIll Expedition,
meters,September
in LeidenMuseum.Allotype, g , Lake Habbema,eastof Wilhelmina
Top, altitude 3,600 meters, August 16, I 938 ( Toxopeus) .
Paratypes, 6 6, with the types, Lake Habbema, July 29
August4, 1938;eastof WilhelminaTop, 3,600meters,September
7, 14, 1938.
t9

290

Alexander,A u s t r a l a s i ac nr a n ef l i e s ( l )I t a k e p l e a s t r r ei n l t a m i n . gt h i s c o n s p i c u o u sf l y f o r D r . M a l r i t s
A. Lieftinck, clistin.quishedstudent of the Odonata ancl Apoidea of theAustralasianregirln,to whom I am indebtedfor many appriciatedfavors.
From other large mentbersof the subgenusthe piesent f ly is reatlily
tolcl by the details of wing pattern ancl especiallyby ti€ structurlof the male hypopygium. Tiputa (Papuatipula\ iyclipica Alexancler
appearstrl be the nearest relative. This latter originally was assignetl
to the subgentrsAcutipula Alexanclerbut eviclentlyis correctty assi[nerlto the present group. It should be noted that anlong the paratlp..
there are smaller individuals(the smallestmeasurements.giveneariier)that agree so closely in hypopygial charactersthat they are assi.qned
to the present slteciesdespite this difference.

13. Tipula (Papuatipula)pensilissp. n.
S i z e r e l a t i v e l ys n t a l l ( w i n g o f m a l e l - l - 1 5 m m . ) ; m e s o n o t u mc l a r k e n e c i .
praescutunrwith four brownish gray stripes that are narrowly marginecl
with, dark brown, posterirtrscleritesdarker brown; antennae*ith flagellarse.gmentslight )'ellow, narrowly blackened basatly; femora light biou'n,tips darkenecl; u'ings weakly darkenecl, patternecl with ciarker browna n c l w h i t e n e c la r e a s ; m a l e h y p o p y g i u m w i t h t e r s a l l r t b e s a p p r o x i m a t e c l ,clististylescomplex.

Nlale.
a n t e n n aa, b o u t 4 n t n l .
F e m a I e.
Length, about l g ll-lul.;!\/it-lg,l7 nlm.
Frontalproltlngationof headlong, subequalto the remaincler,
lrrownishblack altove, including the slenclernasus,beneathatb a s e p a l e r b r o r v n ; p a l p i c l a r k b r o w n , i n c i s u r e sl i g h t y e l l o w ,terminalse'gtttent
elongate,black. Antennaewith scapebrownish
b l a c k , p e c l i c elli g h t y e l l o w , f l a g e l l a rs e g m e n t sy e l l o w , t h e v e r ysnrall basal enlargerttents
narrowly bfackenecl;longest verticils
sliglttly exceeding the segnrents.Head gray above, darker
adjoining the eJies,the narrow anterior vertex nlore blackenecl,
s l i g h t l ye l e v a t e d .
Pronotal scuturtrciark brown, gray pruinose sublaterally,
scutelluntyellorv.r\lesonotalpraescutunrgray lvith four slightly
lllore brorvnish gray stripes that are narrorvly nrarginedby
clarkbrown, hunreralre'gionand anteriorborclcrntoreblackened;scutuntbrolvnishb!ack,theposteriorborclergray; scutellunrlightgray rvith paireclbrorvn spots at base; postnotumdark brown,r e s t r i c t e d l yp a l c r l a t e r a l l v ,p l e u r o t e r g i t eg r a y p r u i n o s e .p l e u r agray belor,v,rt,ith darker areas on anepisternunland dorsal
pteropleurite,(lorsLrpleuralmenrbranebrorvnishyellow. Halteresbrown, base of stenr dull orange,apex of knob vaguely paler.
L e g s w i t h c o x a ea n c lt r o c h a n t e rds a r k b r o w n , s p a r s e l yp r u i n o s e ;f e m o r al i g h t b r o u ' n ,a p i c e sd a r k b r o n ' n ; t i b i a e l i g h t b r c r v n ,t i p s

S t u d i a E n t . , v o l . 1 - 1 ,f a s c . l - 4 , n o v e m b r ol 9 7 l

29rnlorenarron,lydarkened;tarsi dark brown,basitarsiwith proxinral
ends paler; claws of nrale long, rvith a conspicuoustooth atn e a rr n i c l l e n g tahn d a s m a l l c 'br a s a ls p i n e .W i n g s w e a k l yd a r k e n e d ,cells C and Sc slightly rnoresuffusecl;a restricteddarker brorvn
ancl n'hiteneclpattern; darker rnarkingsinclude the stigma, asc'anlin basesof outer radial cells acijoiningthe anterior corrf,
m-cu ancl adjoining parts of vein Cu, and nlore narrowly on
rruter nredial veins, including bases of veins IvI., and Mzi aconspicuous
brown area beforenridlengthof cell Cu; paler brou'rr
clouds at nrarginsof all outer cells, interruptedby whiteneds p o t s a t e n c l so f l o n g i t u d i n avl e i n s R r - ; t o M n , i n c l u s i v e ;t h enlore r,r,hitenedareasincludethe obliterativeband at cord, before
and beyondthe stignra,and on eitherside of the darkenedmark
in cell Cu; veins light brown, dark brown in the patternedareas,
rvhitenedin the obliterativebancl.Venation:( Fig. 20) Rs shorter
than Rr -,;; base of vein R, -, preserved,the outer end paleto obliterated;m subequalt o p e t i o l eo f c e l l f u I r i m - c u a t n e a r
r r r i d l e n g t ho f M s - + l i n n e r e n d o f c e l l l s / M 2 p o i n t e d .
Abdonrenwith basal tergite brorvnishgray; secondtergite
rt'ith basal ring slightly longer than the outer, brownish gra!tnarrorvlyborderedby brownish black, outer ring and tergites
three to six clark brown, their basal rirrg very narrow, niore
p l u n t b e o u so, u t e r r i n g c l a r k c h e s t n u t l ) r r l l v n , l a t e r a l b o r t i e r s
c o n s p i c u o u s lyye l l o r ' r 'n, r a r g i n e ciln t e r n a l l yb ) ' b r o i v n i s hb l a c k ;tergitessevento nine nloreunifornrlybrtln'nishgray or plunrbeous;sternitesgray plumbeousto brou,nish[rlack, proximal segnrents
nrore reddened.Male hypopygiunr( Fig. 3l ) rvith ninth tergite,t, narrolt'edat outer end, ternrinatingin trvo lobesprovidedwith
blackenecl
spinoidsetae.Basistyle,b, bearinga conspicuous
lobeclirectecl
ventrad, tenninatingin long setae. Dististyle,d, lvithn r a r g i no f o u t e r s t y l e s l i g h t l y d i l a t e d b e y o n d b a s e , a p e x n ' i t ht \ \ ' o r l a j o r s e p a r a t e db l a c k t e e t h , n ' i t h a n i n t e r v e n i n gs m a l l e r
p r o j e c t i o ni;n n e rs t y l ec o n r p l e xl,o l v e rb e a k v e r y l a r g e ,b l a c k e n e t l ,the regionol the outerbasallobe u'ith a seconcl
snrallerblackenecl
lobule. Phallosonre,p, rrrassive,[rlackened,lou,er nrargin w'ith
stout.
rnicrosc6rpic
clenticle,aecleagus
H a b i t a t :N e t h e r l a n dNs e w G u i n c ' a( W e s t I r i a n) .
H o l o t y p e6, S t a t i o n1 3 , R a t t a nC a n r p a, l t i t u d e1 , 1 5 0m e t e r s ,F e b r u a r y l' l , 1 9 3 9 ( T o x o p e u s ) ;A r c h b o l d I I I E x p e d i t i o n ,i r r
L c i d c nM u s e u n rA. l l o t o p o t y p e9, , p i n n e dr v i t ht y p e . P a r a t o p o t y p e s ,i , a l t i t u c l e1 , 2 4 0n r e t e r sF, e b r u a r y4 , 1 9 3 9 ;p a r a t y p e sg, , S t a t i r t n
.:'

292

Alexander,A u s t r a l a s i acnr a n ef l i e s ( l )10,ltist Camp,altitude1,800meters,
January9, lg3g; 6, Station
12, Lower Mist Camp,altitude1,550meters,January31, l g3g.
The present f ly is readily distinguishedby hypopygial characters,
i n c l u d i n g e s p e c i a l l yt h e b a s i s t y l ea n d i n n e r d i s t i s t y l e .

14. Tipula (Papuatipula)satirica sp. n.
S i z e l a r g e ( w i n g o f m a l e 2 0 m m . ) ; m e s o n o t a lp r a e s c u t u ml i g h t
brown, anterior and lateral margins narrowty brownish black; pleura
brownish gray, restrictedlypatternedwith clarker; antennaewith peclicel
l i g h t y e l l o w , f l a g e l l a r s e g m e n t sb i c o l o r e d ; l e g s w i t h f e m o r a y e l l o w ,t i p s d a r k b r o w n , s l i g h t l y m o l ' e e x t e n s i v eo n f o r e a n c l m i d d l e p a i r s ;w i n g s l i g h t b r o w n , o u t e r r a d i a l f i e l c l d a r l < e ru
. ' i t h a n a d d i t i o n a ls p a r s e
d a r k e r b r o w n p a t t e r n ,p a l e m a r k i n g sr e s t r i c t e d o, u t e r e n c l o f v e i n R , - o b l i t e r a t e d ;a b d o m i n a ls e g m e n t sw i t h o u t e r r i n g s b r o w n i s h b l a c k , t h , e
s i d e s n a r r o w l y o b s u r e y e l l o w ; m a l e h y p o p y g i u mw i t h p o s t e r i o r b o r d e ro f t e r g i t e w i t h t w o a p p r o x i m a t e ds p i n i f e r o u sl o b e s , c l i s t i s t y l e s\ r e r ycomltlex.

Nt a I e.
[-ength,about 20 nlrll.; wing, 20 nur1.;antcnna,
about 4 nlllr.
F r o n t a l p r o l o n g a t i o no f h e a d n e a r l , ve q u a l i n l e n g t h t oremailtclet',dark bror,vnallove, inclriclingthc conspicLlous
nasus;
p r o x i n r a l s e . g u t e n tos f p a l p i b r o u ' n , i n c i s u r c sn l o r e y e l l o w e c l ,ternrinalscglnentblack. Antennacu'ith scapeclarkbrown, pedicel
light yellorv,flagellunrbicolored,the basesclarkbrown, remaincler
y e l l o w ; t e r n t i n a ls e g m e n vt e r y s n r a l l ,b l a c k e n e dl;o r r g e s vt e r t i c i l sslightlv cxceedingthe segments.Head brorvrrishgra!, vertex
narrorvlyborderedby clarkerbrown, including the lov,rvertical
tubercle,the very restrictedfront beforethe antennaelight yellow.
Pronotal scutuntnrediunrbrown, darker laterally,scutel!unr
paler brotrn, vaguely patterned with darker brown oll sides.
Mesonotal preascutunrlight broivn, the four stripes virtuallyconcolorous,
indicatedchieflyby the slightlydifferentiatedborders;
anterior and lateral ntargins of praescutunrnarrowly brownish
black, the transverscsuturc lllore narrou'ly black; scutunrIight
brown with nlore than the posteriorhalf of each lobe slightly
darker,their nresalbordersdark bron'n, re.stricting
or eliminating
the nridline; scutellunrdark brown, vaguely paler at nridline,
parascutellapale brown; rnediotergitewith anterior two-thirds
brownishblack,narrowlypruinosemediallyand on sides,posterior
third with two oval brownish gray areas, pleurotergitenrore
uniformly brown. Pleura brownish gtay, slightly patternedwith
darker on ventralsternopleurite;
dorsopleuralnrembrane
cinnamonbrown. Halteres dark brown, base of stenr narrowly obscureStudia Ent., r'ol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembrol97l

293yellow.Legswith fore and middlecoxaecinnamonbrown,prtsterior
pair darker brown; trochantersobscureyellow; femora yellow,
tips dark brown, slightly nrore extensiveon f ore ancl middle
pairs; tibiae brown, bases more yellowed,tarsi black; claws
with a large spine at near midlengthand a smallerbasal point.
Wings light brown, darker beyond cord, especiallyin radial
field, prearcularregionmoreyellowed;a restrictedbrown pattern
includesthe stigrna,distal side of anterior cor$ m-ctt, outerend of cell I st hI, and f ork of M t -zi darkenedarea before
nridlengthof cell Cu large and conspicuous,precededandfollowedby cleareryellow nrarks;veinsRB to Cu inclusivewith
a small yellow marginalspot, the remainderof apicesof thesecells slightly darker; obliterativeareasbefore anteriorcord andveinsnear outer end of cell M adjoiningvein Cu conspicuous;
brown, darker in the patternedareas; veins at origin and tipof Rs, beyondthe stigmaand acrosscell Ist M2 in the obliterativef iefd whitened.Venation:( Fig. 2l) Rs subequalto Rr-s; vein
the basal third barely evidentin theR, -, virtuallyobliterated,
rvhitenedarea beyond the stigmai petiole of cell M I and msrrbequal;m-cu shortly beyondmidlengthof Mz-+.
Abdomenwith f irst tergite and basal ring of secondlighttergiteswith
brown, sides of the latter blackened;succeeding
outer rings brorvnishblack, narrorvlyobscureyellow on sides,
concealednarroweron outersegntents,
basalrings nlorenacreous,
beyond the f ifth, outer segnrentsgray pruinose;sterniteslightbrown, posteriorborders of outer segmentsnarrowly darker;
outersegmentsmore uniformlydarkened.Male hypopygium(Fig.
32) with ninth tergite, t, transverse,posterior border nearlylobes separatedby a verystraight,with two snrall intermediatenarrow U-shapedemargination,provided with abunclantblackd, very complex,2s shown,both thespinoidpegs.Dististyles,
outer and inner stylesdeeplybifid, beak of inner style slender.
Habitat: NetherlandsNew Guinea ( West I rian) .
Holotype,6 , Station 7, Moss Forest Cantp, altitude2,800
meters,October13, 1938 (Toxopeus);ArchboldIII Expedition;
type in author'scollection.
T h e m o s t s i m i l a r s p e c i e sh a v i n g t h e w i n g p a t t e r n g e n e r a l l y a s i n
the present f ly and with vein R, _z chiefly atroph,ied is the larger
Tiputa (Papuatipula) tieftincki sp. n.,-which differs in the wing patternanel especially in the entirely distinct male hypopygium.

291

Alexander,A u s t r a l a s i ac nr a n ef l i e s ( l )15. Tipula (Papuatipula)staryi sp. n.
'

Ceneralcolorationof thorax li.qhtgray, praescutumwith a complicatecl
striped pattern; antennaerelativelyshort, flagellar segmentsbrown; fore
femora dark brown, remaining femora brownish y.iio* with narrowly
dark brown tips, tibiae and tarsi clark brown; wings light brown,
variegatedby darker brown ancl wh,ite,the tatter'especlallyionspicuous
before cord and across bases of outer medial cells. attaining the apex
'Cu,in ,..,11 Rq.; a broad continuous darker brown seam along vein
rnclucllngthe narrow cell Cttr, and adjoining posterior borcler ofcelt
M' m-cu at near two-thirdt..tr!z-+: baial abdominat segmentsorange
yellow, succeedingsegmentslight"E uy, broacllydark brown sublateraliy,borders of tergites two to six nariowly whitened; male hypopygiumwith posteriorborder of ninth tergite with a broaclV-ihaped einutginaii,rn,
the triangular lobes with abundant blackened spinoici pegs, apex ofouter dististyle a blackenedflange.

M a I e.
'about3 mm.

Length, about 20 nlm.; wing, 20 mm.; antenna,

Frontal prolongationof heaclnearly as long as remainder,
gray above, narrowly linecl with dark brown, sides chestnut
brown, nasus elongate;palpi brownish black, incisuresof third
segmentrestrictedlypale. Antennaerelativelyshort; scape darkbrown, pruinose,pedicelpaler brown, flagellar segmentsbrown,
their bases very slightly clarker; segnrentsvirtuilly cylinclricalwith little or no basal enlargcnlent,verticilsdelicate,shortertharr
the segnlents.Head above gray, center of posterior vertex ancl
genae vaguely darker; vertical tubcrc!elongituclinallyfurrowecl,
leaving irregular lateral ridges.
Pronotal scutunl gray, scutellumvery conrpressecl
flattened,yellow. Mesonotalpraescutumwith ground light gra!, with four
poorly indicatedbluish gray stripes,the intermediatepair separatecl
by a capillary pale gray vitta, mesal margins of intermediate'stripes
narrowly blackenedon anterior third, becomingexpandecl
and confluent at anteriorend; scutum gray, each lobe with two
separatedarker gray areas; posterior scleritesof notunr gra/,parascutella
yellowed.Pleuragra/, katapleurotergite,
pteropleurite
and meronyellowed,very sparselypruinose,dorsopleuralnrenrbraneyellow. Halteres with stenr light brorvn, base narrowly yellow,
knob darker brown. Legs with coxaeobscureorange,very sparsely
pruinose,trochanterslight brown; fore femora dark brown, basenarrowly yellowed, middte and hincl femora brownish yellow,
tips narrowly dark brown; tibiae and tarsi dark brown. wings
with the ground light brown, variegatedby darker brown andwhite; a conspicuouswhite bancl before cord reaching base ofcell Mr, thenceto the wing tip as broad bases to outer medial

Stuclia Ent., r'cll. 14, fasc. l-4, novembro l97l

295

cells and extremeouter ends of cells Rs and Rr,; extensive
butless evident whiteningsin cells M and posteriorthird of cell
II t and in centersof cells M, Cu and anterior border of cell
Is/ A; the darker brown pattern most evident as a lrroacl
continuoltsseam along vein Cu, includingall of the nArrow celi
C, t and a confluent seanl in cell M; the brown cloud comntorl
irr the subgenusat midlengthof cell Cu much paler than theacljoiningseams; veins brown, darker in the heavily patterned
parts, paler in the whitened areas, especiallyalong the' cord.
A'tacrotrichiaon ollter section of vein R q-s and outer nrc.dial
branches.Venation: ( FiS. 23) Outer two-thirds of vein R, -..,
atrophied;vein Rg long and nearlystraight,about one-halflonger
than Rr-r, Rs shorter, about two-thirds Rg-si petiole of cellM t about one-half longer than m, cell 1s/ Mz strongly pointc.cl
at inner end, m-cu at near two-thirdsMt_+.
First abdominalsegnlentand basal half of seconcloranse
tergiteslight gray with broad sublateraldark
1'ellow,succeedingbrown or brorrynishblack stripes, the narrow borders of outerrings of tergitestlvo to six narrowly whitened;sterniresbeyond
rnicllengthof secondbrownishgray; hypopygiummore yellowed,
sparselypruinose.Male hypopygium( Fig. 33) n,ith posteriorborder of ninth tergite,t, lvith a broad V-shapedenrarginatiorr.
tlie lobes triangular,nrarginslvith abundant blackenedspinoid
pegs and fewer long setae.Outer dististyle,d, slightly widenedat base, nearly parallel-sided,apex with a blackenedf lange;
inner style with dorsal crest rounded,with long yellorv setae
sorlreof which are angularly bent before tips; beak slender,
pale,lower beak black, concave,outer basal lobe black, flattened.
Aecleagus
short and stout.
H a b i t a t : N e t h e r l a n d sN e w G u i n e a ( W e s t l r i a n ) .
Top, altitude3,600 rneters,
Holotype,6, East of Wilhe!ntirra) ; r c h b o l c l l l E x p e d i t i o n ;t ) ' p e
S e p t e m b e7r , 1 9 3 8 ( T o x o p e r " r s A
in author'scollection.
Th,e species is named f or Dr. Jaroslav Stary, of Olomouc,
capable student of the Tipulidae. It is readily tr-rld
Czechoslovakia,
from other speciesby the wing pattern, includingthe broacl continuous
fJr\,\'n. seam along vein Cu, and in hypopygiai characters,including
the ninth ter.qite.

296

Alexander,A u s t r a l a s i acnr a n ef l i e s ( l )16. Tipula (Papuatipula) shictistyla sp. n.
General coloration of mesonotal praescutumlight gray with fourpo,:ily differentiated light brown stripes that are slightly variegatedby darker, pleura light gray variegated by darker gray, dorsopleural
membraneobscure yellow; legs yellowed, tarsi passine into brown;
wings whitened with a chiefly costal brown pattern, including areasat ends of all outer radial cells, interrupted at the veinsi R,s short,nearly twice the basal section of Ro_r-,,R.,-, chiefly atrophied,pale;'andmale hypopygiumwith outer dististylelbng
slender,narrowedvery
gradually to a single terminal blackenedpoint; inner style witil beakbroadly flattened,lower beak much narrower,margin of style extended
into a blackenedspine.

AI a I e.
Length,about t 8 mm.; wing, l g mm.; antenna,
about 2 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head light brown, slightly graypruinoseabove,the long slendernasus slightly decurved;labial
palpi dark brown, maxillary palpi light brown (outer segments
broken) . Antennae with scape and pedicel brownish yellow,
f lagellum light yellow, bases of third and succeedingsegments
narrowly brown (broken beyond seventh segment); verticils
unusuallyshort, subequalto or shorterthan the segments.Headgray in front, including the rugose anterior vertex, posteriorvertex pale brown.
Pronotum chiefly brown, restrictedlyvariegatedby lightgray areas. Mesonotalpraescutumlight gray with four poorly
differentiatedstripes, chiefly Iight brown, the intermediatepair
darker and confluent behind, outer borders of lateral stripes
slightly darker; posterir scleritesof notum brownish gray, eachscutal lobe with two poorly indicated darker gray areas, theposterior one larger; mediotergiteclearer gray, especiallvthe
posteriorthird, sidesof basal part slightly darkened;pale yellow
setaeon praescutalinterspaces,
scutellumand interspaces.
Pleuralight gray, ventral sternopleuriteand meron darker gral,
anepisternumvaguely more darkened; dorsopleuralmembrane
obscureyellow. Haltereswith stem brownishyellow, knob brown.
Legs with coxae yellowish gray, trochantersyellowI femora andtibiae yellowed,tarsi passinginto brown. Wings whitened,witha restrictedbrown pattern that is chiefly costal; cells C and
Sc brown, the long narrow stigma darker brown; similar brown
cloudsat ends of all outer radial cells, interruptedat the veinsl
restrictedpostarculardarkeningsand a very small brown area
before midlengthof cell Cu; narrow darker brown seamsalong
cord in bases of the outer radial cells, m-cu and adioining

Studia Ent., vol. 11, fasc. l-4, novembro l97l

297

parts of Cu narrowly dark brown; veins brown, paler in costal
field, darker in patternedareas along cord. Venation: ( Fig. 22)
Rs yellowed, nearly twice the basal section of Rr - r.,i R t -zchiefly atrophied,vaguelypreservedin the whitenedpoststigmal
area; vein Re very long, slightly concave; petiole of cell M I
and m subequal;m-cu beyondtwo-thirdsMt-+.
Abdomenlight cinnamonbrown, posteriorbordersof tergites
very narrowly yellow, lateral margins more broadly So, broader
anc'lmore conspicuous
on outer segments;sternitesobscureorange
yellow, posterior margins similarly narrowly yellowecl; outer
segmentsmore uniforrnly brown, hypopygium yellowecl.Malehypopygiunr( Fig. 34) with ninth tergite, t, srnall, transversely
oval, posteriornrargin producedinto two short lobes separated
lly a narrow notch,lobeswith abundantsnrallblackenedspiculose
setac'.Basistyle,b, with an oval lobe adjoining the dististyles,d; outer style long and slender',narrowed very gradually to as i n g l e t e r m i n a lb l a c k e n e dp o i n t ; i n n c r s t y l e w i t h b e a k b r o a d l yflattened,lower beak nruch narrower; lower margin of style
cxtendedinto a blackeneclblade of spine, its tip lying acrossthe base of the lower beak.
H a b i t a t : N e t h e r l a n d sN e w G u i n e a ( W e s t I r i a n) .
H o l o t y p e ,6 , S t a t i o n 1 4 , S i g i C a m p , a l t i t u d e 1 , 5 0 0n r e t e r s ,F e b r u a r y1 7 , 1 9 3 9 ( T o x o p e u s ) ;A r c h b o l dI I I E x p e d i t i o n ;t y p e
i n a u t h o r ' sc o l l e c t i o n .
I n t h e g e n e r a lp a t t e r n o f t h e w i n g s t h e p r e s e n tf l y i s n r o s t s i m i l a r
to Tipula (Papuatipula)leucostictaAlexander,from easternNew Guinea( S t e p h a n s o r tA, s t r o l a b e B r y , c o l l e c t e cbl y L a j o s B i r o ) , l a t e r c o l l e c t e d
i n N e w l r e l a n d b y F r a n k H . T a y l o r . T h e m a l e h y ' p o p y g i u mo f t h e
t u ' o s p e c i e sa r e e n t i r e l y c l i s t i n c t .

17. Tipula (Papuatipula)toxopeinasp. n.
S i z e l a r g e ( w i n g o v e r 2 0 m m . ) ; m e s o n o t u ml i g h t S r a y , p r a e s c u t u mwith three pale brown stripes; legs light brown, tarsi black, claws
of male bidentate;wings pale cream yellow, extensivelypatternedwith
l i g h t b r o w n ; a b d o m e no f m a l e o r a n g e ,n a r r o w l y b l a c k e n e ds u b l a t e r a l l y ,the extreme borders light Eray, tergites f ive and six black, sternites
and hypopygium obscure orange to yellow; male hypopygium withouter dististyle conspicuouslydilated on basal half, terminating in two
divergentblack spines; apex of penis with two elongateyellr-rwlobes.

M a I e.
Length, about 2l-22 mm.; wingr 22-23 mm.;
antenna,about 3.8-4 mm.
L e n g t h ,a b o u t 2 5 m m . ; w i n g , 2 5 m m .
F e m al e.

298Alexander,A u s t r a l a s i ac nr a n ef l i e s ( l )Frontal prolongationof head longer than remainder,orange
yellow',nasusdistinct;proxirrralthree segmentsof palpusyellow,
terminal segmentdark brown. Antennaerelativelyshort, scapeand pedicelorange,flagellarsegmentsbicolored,the snrallbasal
enlargements
black, remainderyellow, the amount of the latterdecreassing
on outer segments;flagellarverticilsvery long. Headdull orange, genae weakly dusted with gray.
Pronotum light yellow. Mesonotalpraescutumlight graywith threepoorly indicatednarrow pale brown stripes,interspaces
more yellowed; scutum light gray, each lobe rvith two pale
brown areas; posterior scleritesof notum yellow, light graypruinose;vestitureof notum short and pale. Pleura brownish
yelion',light gray pruinose,dorsopleuralmembranelight orange.
Haltereselongate,brown, base of stem obscure orange. Legs
with coxaeyellow,very light pruinose;trochanters
yellow; femora
and tibiae light to mediumbrown, tarsi darker brown, outwarclly
passinginto black; clarvsof male long, bidentate,basal spine
more slender.Wings pale cream yellow with an extensivepale
browtt pattern to producean attractivepattern; the darkestandmost extensiveareasat and just beyondarculus,leavinga clear
yellon' spot before arculusthat includesthe base of cell 2nd A,
outer radial and medial tields darkened,exceedingthe groundpattern; extensivebrown areas over m-cu and adjoining vein
Cu; f urther darkeningsat origin of Rs, before midlengthof
cell Cu and as an isolatedspot on margin of cell /sf A; muchpaler brown marks before cord, most extensivein cells R, M,
outer third of Cu and much of I st A,' veins nrediumbrown, paleand partly obliteratedon anterior cord and acrosscell /sf rtIz.
Venation (Fig. l8) Rs longer than Rr-s long, entire; petioleof cell Mr and m subeq.ual;m-cu at near trvo-thirdsto threefourtlis Ms-n, cell 2nd A broad.
Alale with proxintal abdominaltergites orange,sublaterally
narrorr'lyblackened,the extremeborderslight gray; tergitesfive
and six black,sternitesand hypopygiunr
yellowto obscurebrownish
orange; secondsegment,especiallythe tergite, very long. In
femalethe conspicuous
outer blackenedareaon tergiteslacking;ovipositorwith cerci long and very slender,hypovalvaebroad,tips obtuse.Male hypopygiunr( Fig. 35) with posteriorborderof ninth tergite,t, produced,apex with two blackenedspiculose
lobes.Outer dististyle,d, with proximalhalt conspicuously
dilated,outer part narrowed,with two divergentblack spines;inner stylecomplex,?S shown, the longest part bilobed or concave,withI
I

Studia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. 14, novembro l97l

299

a smallerblackenedlobe at its base, this bent strongly inward
into a obtuse knob. Apex of penis with two elongateyellorv
lobes, their apicesobtuse.
Habitat: NetherlandsNew Guinea (West lrian).
Holotype,6 , Station 7, Moss Forest Camp, altitude 2,800
rneters,October 10, 1938 (Toxopeus); Archbold III Expedition,
in LeidenMuseunr.Allotopotype,g, altitude2,850meters,August23, 1938. Paratopotype,6 , with the allotype.
This attractivefly is dedicatedto the collector,LambertusJohannes
Toxopeus,whose life and accomplishments
were considereclbriefly in
the introductionto the present paper. It is most readily distinguishecl
from other large sized regional specieshaving patternedwings b,v the
hypopygial structure,including the outer dististyle.

Limoniinae Limoniini

18. Limonia (Libnotes) colossussp. n.
Size very large (wing of male 28 mm.); generalcolorationof head
and thorax brownish yellow to cinnamonbrown, tht-rracicdorsum withdarker pattern, pleura almost uniformly reddened,with a gray sheen;
antennaewith scape and pedicel light brown, flagellumyellow; haltereswith base of knob dark brown; legs yellow, tips of fore femora broadly
brown, remainingfemora with narrower paler brown subterminalrings;
wings long and relatively narrow, conspicuously
patternedwith darker,
including series of spots along the veins, stigma darker brown; male
rr'ith costal vestiture spinoid, f ree tip of Scu in transversealignment
with Rzi cell /sf M, elongate,m longitudinfl in position, its anterior
end at near three-fourthsthe length of cell; abdominaltergitesyellowish
brown with a longitudinal darker brown pattern; male hypopygiumwith rostral spines long, at summit of a stout tubercle.

M a I e.
Length, about 20 mm.; wing, 28X 4.8 nlrlt.;
antennaabout 3.8 mm.
Rostrunl very light brown, palpi dark brown. Antennae
with scape and pedicellight brown, flagellurnyellow; f lagellar
segmentsoval, the major seta a trifle longer than the segntent.
Head cinnantonbrown; anteriorvertex narrow, about one-third
the diameterof the antennalscape.
Pronotalscutuntyellowed,longitudinallypatternedwith pale
brown stripes,posteriormargin on either side with a group of
about l8 srnall black setae; scutellumlight yellow. Mesonotal
praescutumwith the restrictedground light yellow, lateral borders
and disk with a total of six light cinnamonbrown stripes,theintermediatepair with posteriorhalt darker, anteriorly ending
abruptiy solne distancebefore nrargin, with a short capillary

300

Alexantler,

A u s t r a l a s i acnr a n ef l i e s ( l )central darkening; vestiture of praescutalinterspacesabuntlant
but reducedto scarcelyevidentmicroscopicblack setae; scttttttlt
obscureyellow, each lobe with two nearly confluent pale brrl\\'tl
areas, nredian area less evidently patterned, extended caitclacl
as a very narrow stripe into the scutellum,not reaching theposteriorborder,remainderof scutellumlight yellow; nteclioterqite
pale grayish yellow rvith a similar narrow brown central line.
Pleurotergiteand pleura almost uniformly reddish,with a S-ray
sheen,very vaguelypatternedwith darker on propleura.Halt'.res
rvith stern light yellow, knob pale brown, base narrowly clarkcr
brown. Legs with coxaeyellowed,outer face of fore pair pattcritecl
lvith brown, lesseviclenton mid coxae,posteriorpair unpatttrnccl;
fore fentorayellow, tips broadly brown, includingabotrtottc-sixthof the segment;remainingfemora with a narrower sttl'rterittinal
ring, ntore distinct on nricldlelegs, narrower on posterior pairrvhere they are only slightly more extensivethan the )'cllou'ecl
apex; all femora with abundantexceedinglysmall dark colorttl
setae,remainderof legsyellowed,basesancltips of tibiac x;11'1,rn'ly
l'lrriiVtli
outer three tarsal scgtttcttts
darkenecl,
and inconspicuously
claws black, rvith a curved spine at near rnicllcngthatitl a lll()rL'n f a b o u t n i n e s n t a l l e rt e e t h , t h c o t t t u r t t t t l s t
basal concentratioo
slightly larger. Wings long and relativelynarrow' as sh()\\'rlby
nearly six tintes as long aS broacl; gr'rttncl
the nteasurements,
color very pale yellow, the centersof virtually all cells u ith apale brown streak that does not reach the veins, the latter rvith
numerousdarkerbrown spots,virtuallyall singleand not crlttflttc'nt;
stignra and a smaller area at tip of vein R clark llrt)tvn,
conspicuous;veins yellow, brorvn in the patternedparts. Costal
vestitureincludingabundantshort spinoid setae,rentainingI'einslvith setae slightly longer, very delicate and inconspictlotlsVenation:Sc, ending oppositeouter end of cell /s/ rt|" at tip,r
its f ree outer sectionin transversealignmentwith Rg; all ()tlte
veins decurved,the more anterior ones especiallyso, the ratlial
branchesreachingthe wing apex; Rs straight,cell lst M't eloneAte,m longitudinalin position,its anterior end at near three-f,rttrths
nearly one-half nt: nFCu
the cell, basal sectionof Ms transverse,
at near one-thirdMs-t.
Intermediateabdominaltergitesyellowishbrown, eaclt n'ith
three brown longitudinalstripes, the median one less distinct,
sternites and hypopygium clearer yellow. Male hypopvgiurrl
generallyas in the subgenus;ninth tergite with posterior borcler
truncate,anterior margin strongly convex medially; outer fourthStudia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembrolgTl30rof posteriorborderwith numeroussetae.Dorsaldististyleelongate,
narrowed gradually outwardly, at near two-thirds the lengthstrongly bent, thencenarrowedto an acute point; ventral stylewith rostrum slender,the two very long spines approximatedat apex of a stout tubercle,accessorylobe of style much larger,u'itlt about five very long dark setae;total areaof ventral styleless than that of the basistyle.Gonapophysis
with mesalapicallobe long and slender;aedeagusterminatingin two sclerotized
decurvedknobs; enclosedf ilamentsof penis approximatedtov i r t u a l l y u n i t e d i n t o a s i n g l ee l e m e n t .
H a b i t a t :F i j i .
Holotype, d , l\latuka Island, July 3, lg24 ( Eclwin H.
B r y a n ,J r . ).
The present fly is one of the largest known species in the great
gentfs Limonia. In size it is exceedeclonly by theJapaneseLinlonia(Loosa) kariyana Alexander rvh,erethe wing of the male nlay reaclr
a lengtlt of 30 ffiffi., tlr,e r.r'ingexpanse nearly 7(l mm. In the OrientalA u s t r a l a s i a nf a t t n a t h e r e a r e s e v e r a l s m a l l e r s p e c i e s o f L i h n o t c s t h a t
a r e s i m i l a r t o t h e p r e s e n t f l y i n g e n e r a l a p p e a r a n c ee, s p e c i a l l yi n t h epatterns of the le.gsand wings. By means of Edwarcls'key to the slteciesof Libnotes (Jour. Fed. Atalay States A{us., l.l, part l: 74-g0; l92g)
these generally similar species f all between couplets 7 ancl :12 an6incltrde species suclt as pleurolis (Edrvarcls),punctatinervis (Eclwarcls),
punctioennis (de /vleijere), stantoni (Edwarcli), strigivena lWalkeri,
ancl solne others. all rnuch, smaller than the present f ly.
- b e Characterseni n t h e m a l e s e x o f s p e c i e si n t h i s s u b g e n u st h a t h a v e n o tproperly
stressed include the spinoid setae of the costa of the n,ings ancl thefemora of the legs, and the venation of the outer radial f ielct of th,eu'ing r'l'liereit is evident there is consiclerable
variation in tre clifferent
species.

19. Limonia (Libnotes) elachistasp. n.
S i z e r e l a t i v e l y s m a l l ( r . l , i n t a b o u t l 3 n r m . ); l e g s y e l l o w . ,f e m o r a
w i t h a n a r r o w s u b t e r m i n a l r i n g : u ' i n g c e l l s a b u n c l a n t l 5s;y ' r o t t e cul' i t hb r o w ' n , c e l l 1 s l A I , u n u s u a l l y s' m a l l , a b o r r t t v v o - t h i r c l so l l o n g a s y e i n
M r , v e i n s m a n d 6 a s a l s e c t i o n o f i l , . s u b e q t r a l ;n r a l e h v p o p y t i u m r v i t h
t h i e e e l o n g a t er o s t r a l s p i n e s f r o m a " . n m r n n t u b e r c l e .

M a le.
L e n g t h ,a b o u t l 0 - l I r n n r . ; r v i n g , 1 2 - 1 3 m m . ;antenna,about 2.4-2.5nllll.
Rostrumbrown,palpi black.Antennaewith scapeand peclicel
black,flagellarsegnrents
weaklybicolored,
brown,apicesyellowed;
tlagellarsegments
oval,longestverticilssubequalto the segments.
Head light brown; anterior vertex very reduced.
Pronotum light yellow to brownish yellow. Mesonotal
praescutum
brownishyellow,patternedwith dark brown,including

302

Alexander,A u s t r a l a s i acnr a n ef l i e s ( l )four distinct stripes on nlore than the posterior third, nearly
obsoleteanteriorly;scutumlight yellowmedially,Iobesextensively
clark brown, restrictedlyclear yellow at the suture; scutellunt
yelltltt';
light yellow,posteriorbordernarrowlybrorvn,parascutellalrecliotergitebrownish gray, anterior ancl posteriorborders tlark
cltrrsalbrown, the latter being the posteriorend of a conspicuous
pleural stripe. Pleura light yellow, patterneclas above,rvith aanclnleron.Halteres
narrow much brokenstripeon sternopleurite
yellow basally,knob obscureyellor'v.Lcgs
rvith stenr blackenecl,
rvith coxaeyellowed,fore and middlepairs restrictedlydarkcttecl,
yellow; femorabrownishyellorvrvith a narrow clarker
trochantersbrown subterminalring, subequalto the yellor,r'apex, renlainder
broken); vestitttreof legs grownishyellow (outer tarsalsegntents\r[/ings
of posteriorfemora consistingof abundantclelicatesetae.
( Fig. 36) yellow, prearcularand costal f ielcls nlore saturatetl
yellow; a narrow dark brown seam over cord' all rentaining
cells with an abundantpale brown spotted pattern that dtles
not include the veins, the anrountof clark ctllor subequalto
or exceedingthe yellow ground; veins chietly 1'cllou',the corcJ.
outer encl of cell /sl M2 ancl outcr crrclsol tttrtstlongittrdinalveins brown, vein R*-.; uniforntlyyellorr'.\'cttation aS shorvtt;
R1-,2anclfree tip of Sce longerthan the obliqueR3; Rs straight,
in alignltent with basal sectionof Rr-r.,;cell /st Mt unttsttally
sntall,about trvo-thirdsvc'inM+i veins m and basal sectionof
M?,subequal;m-cu shortlybeyondone-thirdthe length of Mr-r'
Abdolninal tergites clark reclclisltbrott'tt. nlore blackened
laterally,sternitesyeilowecl,at base and apex u'ith snrallbrown(Fig. 4l)
lateral spots; hypopygiunryellow. Male h-1'ptlpygitrnr
as in the subgenus;ninth tergite,f very large, posteriorborcler
Dorsalciistist\'le,stronglyconvex,lateralanglesstrclnglyextended.
curved;ventralstyle u;ith rostralproltlngationc/, long, nroclerately
Iong and slencler,on outer face at base u'itlt a sttlall tullercle
bcaringa closegroup of three long spinoiclsetae;apex of styleq'ith a brgacllobe with about six long porverfttlsetaethat fortttbilobedconspicutlusly
a recurvedtuft or crest.Apex of aedeagtts
Habitat: NortherrrSolomonIslancls:northernNeu' Guinea
Holotype,61,BougainvilleIs., altitucle1,000feet,SeptetttberNoventberlg44 (Jean Laffoon). Paratype,6 , Hollanclia,Nerv
Guinea,altitucle,I ,000 feet, March 1945 (Jean Laftoon).
L i mo n i e (L i b n o te s) e l achistais m ost r eatlilV toltl fr ' r nt other gen er al l ys i m i l ar re g i g n a l sp e ci e sh avins abundantly spotteclu' inqs b- v the unus ual l y
s n r a l l re cta n g u l a i ce l l /s l M z. By Eiwar cts' kel' t' r the speci es ofS t r r d i aE n t . , v o l . 1 4 , f a s c . l - 4 , n o v e m b r ol g Z l

303

L i b n o t e s ,c i t e d t t n t l e r t h e p r e c e c l i n gs p e c i e s ,t h e p r e s e n t f l y b y v e n a t i o n a l-ullcharacters runs to couplet 2g ancl beyoncl,clisagreeinnuith
incluclecls p e c i e si n t h e w i n s p a t t e r n a n d d e t a i l s o f u e n a 1 i , , nt.t s h o u l d b e n o t e dthat in the present species ancl in several others that the len.qth oft h e fl a s e l l a r v e r t i c i l s a s g i v e n i n t h e k e y i s a t y a r i a n c e w i t S t h ev e n a t i t l n a lc h a r a c t e r s .B y u s i n g t h e c h a r a c t e r o f r e l a t i v e l e n g t h o f t h e
f l a g e l l a r v e r t i c i l s t h i s f l y r u n s w i t h , s o m e c l i f f i c u l t y t o s p e c i J ss u c h a s
s t a n t o n i ( E t l r v a r c l s )a n d o t h e r s , b u t i s q u i t e t l i s t i n c t i n t h e v e n a t i o n a l
f e a t u r e s t r e s s e da b o v e w h i c h h a s s u g g e s i e t lt h e s p e c iifc n a m e f o r t h i sinsect. In Eclwarcls' key to the subginus the varigus species bevondcouplet 53 now are placed in the subgenus Goniodineuro uun cler Wulp
(type, nigrict,Ds van der Wulp)

20. Limonia (Limonia) bougainvilleanasp. n.
S i z e s n t a l l ( u ' i n g s l i g h t l y o v e r 5 m n r . ) ; s e n e r a l c o l o r a t i o no f t l i , ' r r a x
y e l l o w , n t e s r l n r r t t t mp a t t e r n e d w i t h b r o w n ; p r g x i m a l f l a . q e l l a r s e g i n e n t s
w i t h s h o r t a i l i c a l p e c l i c e l st,e r m i n a l s e g m e n t e l o n g a t e ; l e g s l i g h t t t " * n ;w i n g s r v e a k l v i n i t r s c a t e d .s t i g m a s l i g h t l y c l a r k e r ; n r a l e h y p o p y g i u m w i t hv e n t r o m e s a l o b e o f b a s i s t y l es m a l l ; t l i s t i s t y l es i n u l e , s u b r l o b u l a r , r r s t r l n t
a s l e n c l e r h l a t l e t h a t n a r r o w s t o t h e a c u t e a p e x ; g ( ) n a p o p h y s i -.s. e , i t h
m e - s a l - a p i c al ol b e l o n s a n d s t r a i s h t .

A / ta I e . - L e n g t h ,a b o u t 5 l n n r . ; n , i n g ,5 . 2 - J . 3 n l r . n . a; l r t c r : r ' i a ,about 1.2 nr.
R o s t r u n ta n d p a l p i b l a c k . A n t e n n a eb l a c k ; p r o x i r n a lt l a g : , i a r
segntentsorral, rt'ith short apical pedicels,succeeclingsegrrienls
I o n g - o v a l ,t e r n t i n a lo n e e l o n g a t e ,a b o u t o n e - h a l t l o n g e r t h a n t h epentrltirnate,outer half narrowecl.Heaclbrorvnishblack, pnrin,;se;eyes large, antcrior vertex narro\v.
P r o n t l t a ls c u t t t r t tl i g h t b r o n , n , s c u t e l l u n ry c l l o w e d . M e s t - r n , , t a lpraescuttttilligltt brorvn rvith thrce darker -stripes,the nrcrtlian
one liehinclpaling ttt reclclishbruu'n lretclresuture, lateral stripes
p r o d u c e ccl a u t l a ctl o i n c l u d el a t c r a l p a r t s o f s c u t a l l o b e s ; p o s t r ; - i r ) rscleritesol ltotttrttrecldishbrou'n. PIrura bron,nislr
clorsal'v,_\'ellorv
p a l e r y e l l o w b e n e a t h ,i n c l u d i n g a c l c a r y c l l o u ' r ' c n t r a l s t r i p . , . , ! - ls t e r n o p l e u r i t ea n d m e r o n . H a l t e r r s u ' i t h s t c n r b r o r v v n i s h)c.li rr,b a s e c l e a r e ry e l l o r v ,k n o b b r o n ' n . L . g . u ' i t h c o x a ! ,a n c lt r o c h a n r csr
y e l l o w ; r e t t i a . i n t - loe fr l e g s l i g h t l ) r o u ' n t h r o u g l r o u t ;c l a w s i r , i r g
a n d s l e n c l c rg, e n t l v c u r v e d ,u ' i t h a s i n g l e l o n g b a s a l s p i n e .\ l : i ; l g s( F i g . 3 7) u ' c a k l y i r t f u s c a t e ds, t i s n r a s u b c i r c u l a r ,s l i g h t l y c l a r k e rbrown; veins [rrt-ru'n.Longitudinal rreins bevond general lei elof origin trf Rs rvith black trichia, inclucl'ingalso a few on Lluter
fourth of 2nd A. Venation:Sc, ending shortly beyond fork r,f
R s , S c 2 c l o s e t o i t s t i p ; f r e e t i p o f S c , n ' h i t e n e d ,s h o r t e r t h a n
the veins beyonclit; m-cu beycrnclrnicllengthni ,\It_+.

304

Alexander,A u s t r a l a s i acnr a n ef l i e s ( l )Abdolren with tergites clark brown, sternites light yellow.
ivlale hypopygium ( Fig. 42) with ninth tergite, t, semicircularin outline, posterior border rounded, without emargination'
Basistyle,b, with ventromesallobe low and rounded,with longof strong setae.Dististyle,setae,near its basewith a concentrationd, single, subglobular,inner face above the elongate rostrum
slightlf produced,terminating in three strong setae, below the
rostrunt produced into a low stouter lobe; rostrum a narrowblade, gently decurvedto the acute tip. Gonapophysis,g, rvith
ntesal-apicallobe long and straight, tip very narrowly obtttse.
Habitat: Northern SolomonIslands.
Holotype,6 , BougainvilleIs., altitude1,000feet, SeptenrberNovernberlg44 (Jean Laffoon). paratopotype,a broken nrale,pinned with tYPe.
The most similar speciesincludeLimonia (Limonia) bidentafa(Sktrse),
L. (L.') bidentoidesAlexancler,and some others, all most readiil'among themselvesby hypopygial structttre'
clistinguishecl

21. Limonia (Limonia) perextensasp. 11'
ofBe l on g s to th e se mi crnti.sgr outl: size r elatil' elt' snr all { $' ing
l itlt, atternecw
male about 6 mm.); general coloration of thorax 5'ellorl'P
b r ' w ' , p ra e scu tu t *'i i tt f i ve str ipes, m esoplettr actlnslr icttouslydar ke ned;l i n e , sti g ma oval, pale br own, Sc long, m- cu at tr ear
w i n g s iu b h ya
'Ms-{
ma l e hypr ipygium with, clististyle sttbr ectangtr l ar ,, n e ] f o u rth
a c utet e r m i n a ti n g i n " -a *.sma l l o b trrie r r lstr um, at base of latter with allvellor; blade.

antenna,
Leneth, abogt 6 nln1.;rving, 6.2 l11l1l.;,\1a I e.
about 1.8 mtn.
Rostnm and palpi brolvn. Antcnttae brotl'tt throtrghout;flagellarsegmentsoval rvith short apical pedicels,narrower attdouter fourth of terminalsegntent
nlore eviclenton outer segntents;
strongly narrowed.Head dark brown.
pronotum dark brown medially,sidesyellowed,dorsopleural
Mesonotuntyellowt'd,
regionwith a black spot beneaththe hr.rmeri.
praescutunrwith five brown stripes,the outer nrost ntarginal,theintermediatepair crossing the suture to include the scutal
lobes, central stripe virtually reaching the suture, scutelluttt
weakly infuscated.Pleura yellow, propleuranarrowly darkened,mesopleurawith extensivebrown areas on both anepisternum
ancl ntesopleurite,pteropleurite and meral region clear lightyellow. Halteres with stem yellow, knob infuscated' Legs withfore coxae extensivelydarkened,middle coxae less so on anterior
face, remainingcoxaeand all trochantersyellorv;femorabrolvnish

Studia Ent., vo'I. 14, fasc. l-4, novembro1971

305

yellorr',narrowly clearer yellow basally, with a darker brownnearly terminalring, the actual apex whitened;tibiae and tarsi
light brown, outer segmentsdarker; claws long and slender,
with a single long basal spine. Wings (Fig. 38) subhyaline,
prearcularand costalf ields very slightly more yellowed;stigmaoval, pale brown; veins darker brown. Veins beyond generallevel of origin of Rs with abundanttrichia, includingalso theouter ends of both Anal veins.Venation:Sc long, Sct ending
shortly before f ork of Rs, Sc, subequal;f ree tip of Sc, pale,
shortly basad of Rzi cell /sf M2 long, subequalto vein M +;m-cu at near one-fourthMs-q.
Abdomen dark brown, central parts of hypopygiummore
yellowed. Male hypopygium ( Fig. 43) with ninth tergite, t,
semicircularin outline,posteriorborder almost evenly rounded,
thickened,with a very small central emargination,setae long,
marginal,more concentrated
near the middle. No conspicuous
developnrentof the proctiger.Basistyle,b, with the ventromesal
lobe very long and narro\v,as in the semiermisgroup, slightly
longer than the style itself, narrowedon outer third, apex withclosely parallel corrugations,as in the group. Dististyle,d,subrectangularin outline,terminatingin a snrallobtuserostrum,
outer margin at base of the latter with a strong acute bladethat narrows to an acute point, base of style with unusuallyg, with mesal-apicallong setae.Gonapophysis,
lobe long, erect,
apexslender,outermarginat its basewith a smalltriangularpoint.
H a b i t a t :F i j i .
Holotype, 6 , Ovalau, Levuka, altitude 0-2C0 meters,
D e c e n r b e1r 9 6 9 ( N . L . H . K r a u s s ) .
T h e s e m i e r m i sg r o u p o f t h e s u b g e n u si n c l u d e t h e l a r g e r L i m o n i a(Limonia) semiermis ( Alexander), of Queensland,with races in New
C a l e d o n i a ,a n d t h e s m a l l L . ( L . ) p e r s e t o s aA l e x a n d e r , o f F i j i , a l lspecies differing amons themselves ehiefly' in hvpop)'gial structure,
particularly the dististyles. In tlr,e group the hvpoyrl'riunr chiefly isremarkablein the elon.qateventromesallobe of the basistl'le ancl in theconformationof the gonapophyses.

22. Limonia (Limonia) prolixisetosa sp. n.
Size large (wing of male over l0 mm.); general coloration ofmesonotumreddish brown, patterned with dark brown and black; legs
light brown, with very long setae; wings yellowed, stigma pale brown,
costal border with very long setae on proximal two-thirds with
20

306

Alexander,A u s t r a l a s i acnr a n ef l i e s ( l )correspondinglylong vestiture on anal border; male hypopygiumwith
tergite large, posterior border with two low lobes that are provided
rvith dense stout black setae; dististyle small, single, outer half
blackened.

N ta I e .
L e n g t h ,a b o u t l 0 m m . ; w i n g , 1 0 . 5 m m .
Type badly broken and discolored.Rostrumand palpi black.
Antennaeblack throughout;proximal five or six flagellarsegntents
enlarged,subglobular,with short abrupt apical pedicels,outer
segmentsslender.Head brownish black.
Prothorax blackened.Mesonotal praescutumdull reddish
brown with more blackenedstripes, on either side anteriorly
with sparse long black setae; posteriorscleritesof notum more
unifornrlyreddish brown; scutal lobes with long black bristles
laterallyand much snrallersetaenear the middle; scutellunrvery
broad. Pleuraglabrous,chieflydark brown, ventralsternopleurite
obscurevellorv. Halteres elongate,stem brown, near base withseveral long black setae, knob darker brown. Legs with fore
coxaedark brorvn,remainingcoxae and all trochantersbrownish
yellow; renrainderof legs light brown; fernora and tibiae rvithvery long setae that exceedthe diameterof the segment;clar,l's
slendere, n l a r g e da t b a s e ,w i t h a s m a l l c o n c e n t r a t i oonf s p i n e s ,the outerntoststouter, at near two-thirclsthe length of claw
with a snrallblack spine.Wings (Fig. 39) broken and discoloredin the unique type, ground yellow, stigma oval, pale brown;veins brorvn. Costal border with about the proxintal two-thirds
bearingvery long setae,the longestabout equal to the cornbined
width of cells C and Sc oppositetheir insertion,oppositeancl
beyond the stignra these setae much shr'rrter,becomingalntost
beforewing tip; anal border in prearcularfield andrnicroscopic
over most of cell Znd A with similar very long but more delicate
setae,beconringrrruchshorter in cells Cu and /sf A. Venation:
Sc long, Sc, and Sc, equal, ending nearly oppositemidlengthof Rs; m arcuated,basal section of llIr, straight; m-cu jtlst
beyond the fork of M.
Abdonrendark reddishbrown, sternites,especiallythe ()uter
ones,ntoreyellorved,hypopygiurnobscureyellow; first abdorninald
tergite and basal sterniteswith abundant long erect r,l'hitrne
setae.i\tale hvpopygiunr(Fig. 44) with ninth tergite, t, fargc,
posteriorhorder r.r'ithtrvo low lobesseparatedby a low V-shapede m a r g i n a t i o nv,e s t i t u r er e s t r i c t e dt o v e r y d c n s es t o u t b l a c k s c t i con the lobes.Proctigervery broad, apcx nearly truncate,surface
with abunclantsetulae. Basistyle, b, u'ith ventronlesal1,.'beStudia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembrol97l

307includingrelativelysmall.Dististyle,d, with outerhalf blackened,
the outer end of aan acute spine that presumablyrepresents
dorsalstyle,baseyellowed,with numerousstrong yellow setae;
dististyleunusuallysmall, its area only about one-fifth that of
the basistyle.Conapophysis,9,, with mesal-apicallobe long,narrowedgraduallyinto a gently curvedblack spine.
Habitat: Fiji.
altitude
Holotype,6f, NavaiHill, Viti Levu,nearNandarivatu,
2,500 feet, September17, 1938 (E. C. Zintnterman).
The present fly is most nearly allied to Limonia (Limonia) bryaniana
Alexander, of Samoa (Encycl. Ent., Diptera, 5: 86-88, fig. 3, wing,fiS. 6, 3 hypopygium; 1929) which h,as the hypopygial structure muchthe same,differing in the details,especiallyof the clististyleand proctigerwhitened.
The posterior tarsi of brysnitrt are conspictttlusly

23. Limonia (Nealexandriaria)scolopia sp. n.
General coloration of entire body yellow, tinged with green; tegrs
greenish yellorv; wings yellowed, unpatterned, veins more greenisrn
I'ellow: male hypopygiumwith rostral prrtlongationof ventral dististylea slender curved spine, narrowed gradtrally to the acute tip.

Length, about 4 mtn.; \\'ing, 4 mtn.
l\1a I e.
Length, about, 5 nltlt.; wing, 4.8 llll]1F e nt a I e.
H e a d a n d a p p e n d a g epsa l e y e l l o u ,u , i t h s t r o n gg r e e n i s ht i n g e ;eyes large, intenselyblack.
Thorax uniformly yellorv,tinged rvith green,rnore pelsistent()n the metapleuralregion. Haltereswith stent pale grecn, knob
nlore clarkened.Legs rvith coxae and trochantersstrongly green,rcnrainclerof legs greenishyellow. Wings ( Fig. 40) 1'eilowed,
unpatternecl;veins greenish yellorv. Longitudinal veins beyondt l a c k t r i c h i a ,i n c l u d i n g
g e n e r a l e v e lo f o r i g i n o f R s w i t h a b u n d a n b
a i e r v a t o u t e r e n d t - r t v e i n 2 n d A . V e n a t i o n :S c t e n c i i n gf a r
b e f o r eo r i g i r ro f R s , t h e l a t t e rs h o r t e rt h a n b a s a ls e c t i o n , ' JR q - s i
m - c u s u b e q u a li n l e n g t h t o c l i s t a l s e c t i r - r tn- r t C t r r , r ' a r i a b l ei nposition,fronr shortly before fttrk of .ll tr) ntore tharr , ne-third
its length.
Abclornengreenishyellorv.Nlale h1'popygiunl( Fig. 15) with
the nilrth tergite, t, transverse,posterior border very shallowly
ernarginate,lateral lobes lou,, setae relativelylong but pale andBasistylc.,b, about one-halfthe areaol thc ventral
inconspicuous.
lobe relativelysnrall,rryithlong setac.Dorsal
ventronresal
clististvle,
c l i s t i s t y l td, , s l e n d e rs, t r o n g l yc u r v e da t n c a r t w o - t h i r d si t s l e n g t h ,t() an acutcpoint; ventralstyle with rostral pr(llrrngatirln
narrorvecl
2l'r

308

Alexander,A u s t r a l a s i acnr a n ef l i e s ( l )unique,appearingas a long gently curvedspine that is narrower
than the dorsal dististyle,on outer half with two puncturesthat bear delicateappressedsetae.Gonapophysis,g, with mesalapical lobe slightly expandedbefore the small obtuse tip.
. Habitat: Tonga.
Holotype,d , Vavau-Neiatu,altitude0- 100 meters,November
1969 (N. L. H. Krauss). Allotopotype,I pinned with type.
Paratopotype,one g , pinned with types.
Other somewhatsimilar small-sizedregional membersof the subgenus
include Limonia (Nealexandriaria) cinereicapellaAlexander and L. (N.)
ochricapella.Alexander,which differ conspicuouslyin hypopygial structure,especially the rostral prolongation of the ventral dististyle.

Hexatomini

24. Austrolimnophila(Austrolimnophita)caledonianasp. n.
Mesonotum chiefly light brownish yellow, patterned with, darker
brown, pleura and bases of coxae almost uniformly brown; legs yellow,
temora with a broad nearly apical brown ring; wings yellow, with anabundant pale brown dotted and spotted pattern, with restricted darker
areas at origin of Rs and elservhere;abdominal tergites brownish yellow,
sternites clear light yellow, sides narrowly dark brown.

F e m a I e . - L e n g t h ,a b o u t9 . 5 - 1 0m m . ; w i n g , 8 . 5 - 8 . 7r n m . ;antenna,about I .7-I .8 mnl.
Rostrumlight brown; palpi brown, terminalsegmentdarker.
Antennaewith the elongatescapedark brown, pedicelyellowed,
flagellum light brown; flagellar segmentsslender,cylindrical,
progressivelylonger outwardly, the proximal ones with verticils
that exceedthe segments.
Headdark brown; anteriorvertexbroad.
Pronotal scutum light yellow above,cephalicend bilobed,
brownishblack.Mesonotum
chieflylight brownishyellow,including
four confluentpraescutalstripes,with a faint darkenedcentral
line at anteriorend,scutellumand mediotergite
with a comparable
capillary darkening.Pleura almost uniformly brown, including
also the narrowly darker basesof all coxae.Haltereswith stem
brownishyellow, knob brown. Legs with coxaeclear light yellow
except as describedabove; trochantersyellow; femora yellow,
broadly brown subapically,tips brownish yellow; tibiae yellow,
apicesslightly darkened;tarsi yellow,outer segmentspale brown.
Wings (Fig.46) yellow, with an abundantpale brown dottedand spotted pattern in all cells, with larger and slightly darker
areas at origin of Rs, stigma,ends of outer veins,and the cord,Studia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembro l97l

309

in the holotypethe darkenedpatternmoreabundantand extensive,
subequalin extentto the ground; in the paratype,the markingsabundantbut smaller,the total lessthan the ground;veinsyellow,
slightly darker in the larger brown areas.Venation:Outer radialveins very long, R+ and Rr parallel to one another,cell Ra atmargin about one-third as extensiveas cell Rai petiole of cell
M L slightly longer than m; m-cu at f rom about one-thirdsto
one-fourthMs-+i vein 2nd A long, the cell narrow.
Abdominal tergites brownish yellow; sternites clear lightyellow,sidesnarrowlybut conspicuously
dark brown.
Habitat:New Caledonia.
Holotype, g , Mont Mou, altitude 900 feet, January1948( L. R. Garrigou). Paratopotype,
9 , February1949 (Garrigou).
Although the male sex of this fly presently is unavailablethere
appearsto be no questionas to the genericreference.Other Australasian
membersof the genus having a somewhatsimilar wing pattern include
Austrolimnophila(Austrolimnophila'S
antiqua (Skuse), of Australia, A(4.) excelsiorAlexander,of New Guinea.A. (A.) leucomelas(Edwards),of New Zealand, and some others. Superficially the fly resembles
Paralimnophila remingtoni (Alexander), likewise f rom New Caledonia"
but is quite distinct.

Eriopterini

Genus GonomyiaMeigen
Conomyia Meigen; Syst. Beschr. Eur. Zweifl. lns., t:l.16; t818.

SubgenusMegalipophlepssubg. n.

Charactersgenerally as in Lipophleps Bergroth and otherallied subgenera.Size very large (wings to 6-7 nrm.) . Wings(nigripennis,Edwards, Fig. 47) with Sc nroderatelylong, Sc,e n d i n g s h o r t l y b e y o n d o r i g i n o f R s , t h e l a t t e r u n u s u a l l ys h o r t ,fess than the length of cell /sf M* r\lale hypopygiurn( Fig. 49>
rvith posteriorborder of ninth tergite,t, producedinto a medianlobe. Basistyle,b, with body snlall, outer end producedcaudad
into a powerful arnr that is nearly trvice the base, mesal faceof outer end with abundant microscopicblackenedpoints. A
single very long and slender dististyle,d. Phallosome,p, with
gonapophyses,
9,, broadly united basally,narroweddistally, only
the outer ends separate,each produced into an acute point.
Aedeagusa very long slender rod, exceedingthe basistyle inlength,bent at a right angle before apex,

310

Alexander,A u s t r a l a s i ac nr a n ef l i e s ( l )Typ. of subgenus: Gonomyia (Lipophleps) dicranurcl
Edwards (Samoa).Other includedspeciesare labiduraEdwards
and nigripennisEdrvards,both from Samoa.Other speciesof
g flavidapexEdwards,of the SocietyIslands,
large size, includin
and especiallymetallicaEdwards, of Marquesas,evidentlyare
not membersof this subgenusdespitetheir somewhatsimilar
general appearance.
Gonomyia (Megalipophleps) nigripennis Edwards
Samoa
Gonomyia (Lipophleps) nigripennis Edwards; -lnsects of Samoa and otlter
p
p
'
2
3
1
0
2
, figs'
N
e
m
a
t
o
c
e
r
a
,
D
i
p
t
.
r
a
Z
,
'
O
,
t
u
c
,
'
. -r e P
T e r r e s t r i a l l i i t t i o p'or ,effi en ca cr t' l-20; June 1928;
pp. 93-94, fig' l9 (u'ing)'

Types from Malololelei,Upolu, June 20 and 25, lg24
Aclditionalrecords:Afiantalu,Upolu, altitude(Buxton-Hopkins).
2 , 1 f f i f e e t ,J u n e1 3 , 1 9 4 0 ,b y s w e e p i n g( O . H . S w e z e y;) a l t i t u d e
2,2ffi feet, June 30, 1940 (E. C. Zimnerman).
The chief charactersavailable f or separatingthese verylarge membersof the genus into a distinct subgenusa r e l n
the male hypopygium,including the single dististyle, tused
and the distinctiveaedeagus.
gonapophyses,

25. Cheilotrichia(Empeda) zirnmermanisp. n'
Ceneral coloration of thorax yellow, notum conspicuously moredarkened; halteresyellow; legs yellow, tips of femtlra narrowly brownish; maleblack, no scales ,in legs; wings brownish 1'ellow, unpatternecl
hypopygium with both dististyles pale.

Length,about 3-3.2 nlnl.; win$, 3-3'5 mm'
M a I e.
Length,about 3 lllnt.; win$, 3'8-4 mm'
F e m a I e.
Rostrum brownish yellow, palpi brownish black. Antennae
outwardly
subglobular,
brownishblack;proximalflagellarsegments
passing through short-ovalto oval, verticils of outer segments
very long. Head dark brown.
Pronotumand pretergiteslight yellow.Mesonotalpraescutum
polished brownish black, sides more yellowed,scutum darker,
ilmost black; posteriorscleritesof notumbrown,sparselypruinose,parascutellaand pleurotergiteyellowed. Pleura chiefly yellow,
mesopleuraslightly darkened.Haltereslight yellow. Legs yellorv,
tips of femora narrowly brownish black, including about theout., tenth,tips of tibiaemore narrowlydark brown, outer tarsal
segmentsdarkened;legswith elongatescalesadditionalto normal
setae.wings (Fig. 48) faintly brownishyellow,without pattern;Studia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembro l97l

3ll

veins yellowishbrown. Macrotrichiaon virtually all longitudinalveins basad nearly to the arculus, lacking on about the basal
tourth of M. Venation:Sc relativelyshort,Sc1 endingjust beyond
origin of Rs; Rs oblique,varying f rom about one-halt to about
two-thirdsRs-+i m-cu at or closeto f ork of M.
Abdominal tergites brown to dark brown, sternites andhypopygiumyellow. Male hypopygium (Fig.50) with botlt
dististyles, d, pale, outer style with the shorter inner arm
slightly widenedat the very obtuseouter end; inner style longand narrow, parallel-sided.Phallosome'p, without moditiedprojections.
Habitat: F i j i .
Holotype, 6 , Nandarivatu,Viti Levu, altitude 2,900 feet,
Allotopotype,
September6, 1938,at light (E. C. Zintmetman).
6-8, 1938.
several6 I , August 31, September
I . Paratopotypes,'fly
for the collector,
I take great pleasurein naming this craneDr. E,dwoodC. Zimmerman,distinguishedworker on the taxonomy inmany orders of insects.
The most similar regionalspeciesis C/reilotrichia'(Empeda)crassicrus
in the lack of appressed(Edwards),of Samoa,*hictt differs conspicuottsly
and in hypopygialstructure.includingthe blackened
scaleson the legs-The
presenceor absenceof scales on the legs ofouter dististyle.
these two speciesis oi interest since it is not a sexual character,theconditionbeing th,e same in both sexes.

3t2

Alexander,A u s t r a l a s i acnr a n ef l i e s ( l )

2

W
6

7
Fig. 2. Dolichopezaf(l g ' . . t . N e p h r o t o , m a( .S c a m b o n e u r a )c u r t i s t y l a s p . n . ; v e n a t i o n .
Dolichopeza) distivena sp. n.; venation.
mongas sp. n.; venation. Fig. 4. Dolichopeza (Dolichopeza) sefisll'/a rp. n.;venalion- _ Fig. __5. Dolichopeza (Nesopeza) kraussiana sp. n.; venati6n. Fig.
! gi gi u. m .
Fig. i,- o p- F
9 , . l v g p n r o t o m q, . ( S c a m b o n e u r a )c u r t i s t y [ a s p . n . ; m a l e i r y' p
D o l i c . h o p e z a( D o l . i c h o p e z aa) n t h e m a s p . n . ; m a l e h y p o p y g i u m .
ti. Dolichopeza( D o l k h o . p e z a ) - b i b a ssi sp . n . ; m a l e - h y p o p y g i u ml.' S i m' b o l s :v e n " a t i o n c. , c o s t a ;R, Radius. Male hypopygium.
a , - h e d e a g u;s b , b a s i s t y l e ; d , t l i s t i s t y l e ; s ,sternite;; t, tergite.

Studia Ent., r'ol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembro lgTl

313

itl

xlv

z //.

ffi,,
:\'

rt\
\

d'

D
9
D o l i c h o p e . z a ( D o t i c h o p e : a ) t r i s t i t , e n a s p . n . ; h y p -o' p y g i u m .
fig.
Fig. 10.
D o l i c . h o p e z a( D o l . i . c h o p e z a m) o n g a s s p . n . , m a t e h y p _ o p y g i u';D: -o t i cFhiog' .f i eI zl .a D o l i c - h o p e z a( . D . o l i c h o p e z as) e f i s f l ' l a s p . n . ; r g - l S l i y p o p y-gDi ou lqi cr .h- 'onpi ge.z-ar z" f Doiiihopezal
f f t i a s u s . s p . D :i o v i p o s i t o rFig. i:1.'(Dolichopeza-) thia.su- ns. ;s p . n . ;male hypopygium. _;l { . D o l i c h o p e : a ( N t ' s o p e i a ) k r a u s s i a n-an ysi ,p-.h y p o v amt vaat e;
.
F
i
g
.
hypopygiurn. symbot-s: h, basistyle: L'L'r, cercusl ai dististtejp, phallosome; pt,n, penis; s, sternitej f, ter!ite.

314

lexander,A u s t r a l a s i acnr a n e f l i e s ( l )

Sc,

R,*,

(Papua.tipula)Figs. l5-26. \'enation ol Ttpula-(Papuatipufglsnq, - figs. l5-16. Tipula- Fig...l8'n.
sp.
(Papig.tipula)consitiosa
Fis. izl iiifua
grZssittiana
sp. ;.:--f
a1life.x(Papuatiputa)-1.9,
Tipulan.
qp.
Fapiatip-uia) toii'petna
Tiii[a.
.Fig.
T i puta
sp...n..
(Papuatiputa).pensitisF
G.-'zti
.-"
i
i
i
i
i
n
.liq,.2l'
A t e x a n d e r.
'ii;aiiAiputal
'n,
n.
sp.
strictistltls(PgpuatipulaL.
Tiputa22.
nry.
safirdca_sp.
=.
2!. .liputg .(Papuatip,tp)---Fi;:--ti:'sflaryi sp. .". -'.nig.
riputi--leipuaiipltlil
Fig.
-(dd Meiiere): - Costa;
tteftincki sp. n. I nil.--zs. Tiiita-(i6puaitputa) omiss{nervisc,svmbols:
Venational(papuati'puial--ieiciiiita'-nlC*anher.'26. Tipula ''R :-R ;a i u a lt-n , r adial- medialcr ossvein;Sc, Subcosta'

3r5Studia Ent., vo'l. 14, fasc. l-4, novembrol97l

u

,{hf
,I
ri
29

Fig. 28.
F i g . 2 7 . T i p u l a ( l n d o t i p u l a ) I a ff o o n i a n a s p . n . ; m a l e h y p o p y g i u m .
Fig. 29. Tipula
Tipula (Papuatipula) consiliosa sp. n.; male hypopygium.
( P a p u a t i p u l a ) g r e s s i t t i a n as p . n . ; m a l e h y p o p y g i u r n .
Fig. 30. Tipula (Papuatipula)
Symbols: a, aedeagus; b, basistyle; d,lieltincki sp. n.; male hypopygium.
d i s t i s t y l e; p € f l , p e ni s ; l , t e r g i t e .

3r6

Alexander,A u s t r a l a s i acnr a n ef l i e s ( l )l,ovt;l,l,rr tr . , ! l

,,\
lrl:
iiil
u l i ,1,,
lir
UI tl
I t l lt t t

32

3+
F i g . 3 1 . T i p u t a ( P a p u a t i p u l a )p e n s i l i s s p . n . ; m a l e h y f o p y g , i l t m . _ - F i g ' _l t Z . T i p y l q(Papuatipulit) satiriia sp. n.; male hypopygium. - ._Fig. 33. - Tipula (Papuatipula)F i g . 3 4 . T i p u l a ( P a p . u a t i p u l a s) l r i c ' / i . s / t ' i sa p . . n . ;. s t a r l ' is 1 i . n . ; m a l e l r y p o p y g i u m .
n r a t 6 t r y i r o p y g i u m-. F i g . l t 5 . T i p u l a ( P a p u a t i p u l a )t o x o p e i n as p . . . n . ; m a l e l t v p o p v g i u m .
S y h 6 r i G : a , a e d e a g u s ;b , b a s i s t y l e ;d , d i s t i s t y l e ;p , p h a l l o s o m; e I , t e r g i t e .

Studia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. l..4, novembro lg7l

317

'

/',

4Z

44

l i g . 3 , O . . t , i m o n i a( L i b n o t e s )a l a c h i s t as _ p .n . ; v e n a t i o n ._ F i g . 9 7 . L i m o n i a ( L i m o n i a )hougainvilleana
venation. . sp.__n.;_fig. 58. Limonia (Lim\nia)- pirextensd sp. n.';yg1t9!. ,.- fig. 39.. Limonia (Limonia) protixisetosasp.
n.;'41.
venition. -- eiE. io'.
-Fig.
Limonia (Nealexandriaria)scolopia sp.
Limonia (LiU\otes)-- n.; venation. "(Limonia)
elachista sp. n.; male hypopyqium.
42. Limonia 'ooueiinitiiiaih_Fig.
a3. Limonia (Limonia)n.; mate--nvpopvgium.
:p. n.; . male- hvqgpvgiu.m.
'sp.perexteisa spl_[ig.
hvpoar.ygium. r.!9. 41. Limonia (Limonia) prolixisetosa;:; rate
Limonia (Neatexandriaria)'svotopia sp. n.; mite trvpopfgiiml fig.. 1s.
S y m b o l s : a , a e d e a g u s ;b , b a s i s t y l e ;d , d i s t i s t y l e ;g ' , g o n i p o p h y s i s ; ' ? , ' i j r g i t e .

3r8

Alexander,A u s t r a l a s i acnr a n ef l i e s ( l )

47

N'
5o

<' lzfut' /o rt 1 *i '. a 'Fig.
F-ig. {ri. Austrolimnophita ( Austiolintnophila). calcdoniantt sl. n..: \'cnatiorr.
Chtilolrichta
l.ig.
venation.
Edwards:(
nigripenftis
Ilegatillophlt'1ts)
lil Gonoml,ia'vehation.
i-q''
Fig.^ 49.. (jo.nom)ia (ltltgalipophleps).
sp.' ir.;
zim'meiinaii
iEmptaalF i g . 5 0 . C h t i l o t r i c h i a ( E m p . e d o ). : i m . m t ' r m a n t
n i g r i'pnt n i i s E d t r y a r c l s :m a l e ' h y' 'p- o p y- g _ i u m . ,
S
y
m
b
o
l
s
g; ..aedeagus; b, basistyle; d. u'listislylc;
h
y
p
o
p
y
g
i
u
m
.
.pl
- g .; malegonapophysis; p, phallosonrc; t, tergile.