73

New or little-knownspeciesof exotic Tipulidae@iptera). XVIIBy Cuanres P. ALrx,q.NpEn
University of Massachusetts,Amherst, Massachusetts,U.S.A.

Svtlopsrs
Eight new species of the Limoniine genus Antocha Osten Sacken are described,
seven from the Himalayan region of Kumaon, Sikkim and Assam, and one fromSouth India.

THe precedingpart in this seriesof paperswas publishedin 1969(Proc.R. ent. Soc.
of species
Lond.(B) 38 : 33-39). In the presentreportI am continuingthe discussion
belongingto the genusAntochaOstenSacken,as consideredin the two preceding
parts of this seriesof papers. Virtually all the specieswerecollectedby Dr. Fernand
Schmid,chieflyin the Himalayasof Kumaon,Sikkim and Assam,with fewerspecies
from SouthIndia. The typesarepreservedin my personalcollection.
Antocha(Antocha)aegiru sp. n.
Allied to spiralis; general coloration of mesonotal praescutum light grey with 4 poorly indicateddarker brownish-grey stripes; antennae with flagellar segments short-oval; knobs of halteres darkbrown; Iegs yellowish-brown; wings weakly brownish-grey, stigma not indicated, vein Rz slightly
beyond level of r-m; male hypopygium with inner gonapophyses of phallosome with a single tightspiral before apex, outer gonapophysisa long slendersimple spine that narrows very gradually into along point, before apex with severalpale erect setulae.
Male.-Length, about 5-6'5 mm.; wing, 5-7.5 mm.; antenna,about 1'l-1.5 mm.
Rostrum brownish-yellow,palpi darker brown, terminal segmentabout one-half longer than the
penultimate. Antennaewith scapebrownish-yellow,remainderdark brown; flagellarsegmentsshortoval throughout, including the terminal one. Head dark brown.
Pronotal scutum brownish-grey, scutellum and pretergites more yellowed. Mesonotal praescutum light grey with 4 poorly indicated darker brownish-grey stripes; posterior sclerites of notum
darker grey, scutellum light grey. Pleura chiefly yellow, ventral sternopleurite grey. Halteres withstem Iight yellow, knob dark brown. Legs with basesof fore coxae dark brown, remainder of coxae
and all trochanters light yellow; remainder of legs yellowish-brown, outer tarsal segtrnentsdarker.
Wings weakly brownish-grey, prearcular field whitened, stigrna not indicated; veins pale brown,
more yellowed in the white areas. Venation: Rz slightly beyond level of r-mi Rz+arelatively short,about twice Rzi m-cushortly before fork of M.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, sternites brownish-yellow, subterminal segmentsdarker, hypopygrum light brown. Male hypopygium (fig. l) generally as in spiralis in the conformation of theinner gonapophysesof the phallosome (p), these being twisted into a single tight spiral before thelong terminal spine. Both distisryles (d) horn yellow, inconspicuous. Outer gonapophysis (g)a long slender simple spine that narrows very gradually into a long point, with severalpale erectsetulae before tip.

Holotype C, Iuon : Gery, Pauri Garhwal, Kumaon, 6800 feet, 16. viii . 1958
(f. Schmid). Paratyper.-d ?, Rata, Almora, Kumaon, I 1,000feet, 14.ix. 1958;
Dakwani, Pauri Garhwal,9300-11,000
feet, 5.viii.1958; Kulara, Pauri Garhwal,
12,000feet, 4.viii.1958; Chamiteng,Sikkim, 9900 feet, 24.viii.1959; Lathong,Sikkim,6560feet,26.vii.l959;Padamchen,
Sikkim,7060feet,29.viii.l959;Talam,
Sikkim, 11,300
feet,16.vi.1959;Yumtang,Sikkim,l2,l4o feet,27.vi.1959;Zema,
Sikkim, 8900feet, I I . vi. 1959(all F. Schmid).
Antocln (Antocha)spiralisAlexandertypifies a small group of Asiatic membersof the genusthat are distinguishedof theby the peculiartwistedinner gonapophyses
hypopygium. The presentfly is readily told from spiralisby the simpleunmodified
gonapophysis(as describedand figured), in spiralisthis being unequallybifurcate.
In the extensiveseriesof the presentfly there is considerablevariation in the lengthand structureof the male antennaeand in details of the hypopygium,particularly
Proc. R. ent. Soc.Lond. (B). 39 (5_6). Pp. 73-78,9 figs. 1970.

74

C. P. Alexanderon exoticTipulidae

the shapeand coloration of the outer dististyle and phallosome.It is possiblethat
more than a singlespeciesis includedin this material.Antoclu (Antoclw) mocrocerosp. n.
praescurum
obscureyellow,with 3 brownstripes,thecentralonedarker,pleuraobscure--Mesonotal
yellow,

patterned with brorm; anteruraeof male unusually ioog, approximately threc-fiftbs the wing;
knobs of halteresdark brown; wings with ell Mz open bv atroily of mi rrtr ttrpopvgium wiili
outer dististyle darkened, apex'obnrse,phallosome wiitr aedeagusilend"t.
4,s-s mm.; ant€nna,about 2-s-2.9 mm.
lIale.-Length, about 4-5 mm.; *iog,-Antennae
Rostrum broumr-palpi paler brown.
biown, unusually long,
approximately thr€€-fifths-;ritii
the wing or body; lagellar segmentsvery long-oval, narrowed at Jnds,
denseerect pale setaethat are about one-fourth as lJng as the iiam"te. oflsegment;terminal'seementsmall, sl'rgirtlvmore
than one-fourth the penultimate. ftead dark brown.

Ft

2

s:
Frcs. l-4.-Male hypopygrum of: (l) Antocha(Antocla') aeginasp. n.; Q) A. (A.) macrocerasp,D,;(3) l. (A.) nadrasensF.p. n.; (+,i,1. (tl.) miii sp.". fa,"Ua"i.ivle;2, oististvte;g, gonafopf,irli;r, interbase;lg, inner gonapo'pirisis; og,'outer gbnapriphysis;p, ftrdttosomi; iitforcl.
Pronotum obscureyellow. Mesonotal praescutumwith ground obscure yellow, with a broad
dark brown central stripe and much paler greyish-brown laterals; scutum and scrrtellumyellowishbrown, parascutellayellowed; mediotergitedark brown, pleurotergiteyellowed,the katapleurotergite
narrowly dark brown. Pleura obscurp yellow, the anepisternum and ventral sternopleurite broqm.
Halteres with stem yellow, knob brown. Legs with coxac and trochanters ycllowed, remainder
light brown; terminal tarsal segmentwithout iUasat epicondylebut with a ventral tuberclebeyond
midJength; clawsof male long and slender,basal spini straight, conspicuous. Wings greyish,prearcular field whitish, stigma scarcely indicated; veins pale brown. Numerous macrotrichia on
distal sectionof Ra+sexcepting the basalfifth, with fewer on Mt+zand Ms. Venation: cell Ms ope,nby atrophy of mi ,?Fcu a short distance before fork of M.
Abdominal tergitesweakly bicolored, basesbrown, apicessomewhatpaler, subterminalsegment

C. P. Alexander on exotic Tipulidae

75

darker brown. Male hypopygium (fig. 2) with posterior border of tergite (r) very shallowly emargtnate, anterior thickenedborder and central strut conspicuous. Outer dististyle(d) darkened,slendir,outer fourth slightly narrowed, apex obtuse. Phallosome(p) with outer gonapophvsesabpearing
as long slender simple spines; inner structures of phallosome heavily sclerotised ind aarkened,aedeagusslender,apex apparently expanded.

HolotypeJ, Iwnu,: Bhairabkunda,Kameng,North East Frontier Agency,700feet,
7. iii. 196l (F. Schmid). Paratopotypes,6, 3-8 , iii. 196l. Paratypes.-d, Chapai,
Kameng,700 fe,et,26.ii.196l;Lifakpo, Kameng,3l@ feet, 15.iii.1961(F'.Schmid).
Antocha (Antocha)macrocerais readily told from other regional speciesby theelongateantennaeof the male and the open cell Mz of the wings. The antennaeare
longer than in any other regional memberof the subgenusbut shorter than in certain
speciesof the subgenusOrimargulaMik. The most similar speciesis A. (A.) hyperlata
Alexander,with shorterantennaeand with cell /sr Mz of the wings closed.
Antocha (Antoclta) madrasensissp. n.
Size medium (wing to 7 mm.); general coloration of thorax brownish-grey, variegated withyellow; antennaeshort, black; legs brown; wings greyish, prearcular field whitened, stigma small,pale brown; male hypopyeium with outer dististyleblackened,slender,tip acute; outer gonapophysis
long and slender,narrowed to the acute apex; aedeagusslender,outer end an oval lobe.
Male.-Length, about 6.5:7 mm.; wing, 6.5-i mm.; antenna,about 1.2-1.3mm.
Rostnrm pale brown, palpi darker, terminal segmentlong, subequalto the preceding2 combined.
Antennae black; proximal flagellar segmentscylindrical, outer ones long-oval, verticils shorter than
the segments,normal vestiturelong and abundant. Head dark brown.
Pronotum brownish-grey. Mesonotum almost uniformly brownish-grey,praescutumand scutal
lobes with a vague darker pattern; median region of scutum, posterior border of scutellum and theparascutellayellowed; lateral borders of mediotergite and most of pleurotergite brownish-yellow.
Pleura chiefly dark brown, dorsal sternopleurite, pteropleurite and meral region more yellowed.
Haltereswith stem yellow, knob brown. Iegs with coxaebrownish-yellow,anterior face of fore pairbrownish-gey; trochantersyellowed; remainderof legsbrown, tips of tibiae narrowly more darkened;claws long, gently curved, basal spine small and weak. Wings greyish, prearcular field whitened,
stigma small and inconspicuous,pale brown, veins brown. Outer halves of veins &+e, M*z andMg with strong macrotrichia. Venation: Rz shortly before level of r-rn; mlu about one-third to
two-thirds its length before fork of M.
Abdominal tergitesbrown, subterminal segrnentsdarker brown, sternitesbrownish-yellolv. Male
hypopygium (fig. 3) with posterior border of tergite(t) gently emarginate,the lorv lobeswith unusuallynumerous light brown setae; internal armature conspicuous,especially the broad anterior arms.
Outer dististyle(d) blackened,slender,narrowed gradually to the acute tip. Phallosomicscaffolding(p) with the interbase(i) long; outer gonapophysisG') long and slender, bent at near mid-length,
thencenarrowed to the acute apex; internal phallosomeincluding the sleuderaedeagus(a) having its
outer end curved, near apex conspicuouslyproduced into an oval lobe.

HolotypeJ, INnn: Avalanche,Madras, 690G7500feet, 30.xii.1958 (F. Schmid).
Paratype.-d, Makurti, Madras,7100feet, f .i.1959 (F. Schmid).
Antocha (Antocha) madrasensisdiffers from other generally similar speciesin
hypopygial structure, especiallythe phallosome. There is no close relative known
from South India, the nearestspeciesbeingHimalayan.
Antocha (Antocha)mara sp. n.
Mesonotum yellow, praescutum with 3 medium brown stripes, pleurotergite and pleura lightyellow, unpatterned; knobs of halteresweakly darkened; legsyellowish-brown to pale brown; wings
with a faint grey tinge, veinsvery pale brown, inconspicuous;macrotrichia of outer veins very restricted, occurring on Rc+s and Mt+z only; male hypopygum with apices of both dististyles obtuse;
phallosomic scaffolding with outer gonapophysislong, sinuous, each narrowed into a long spine;
apex of aedeagusnearly tmncate.
Male.-I*ngth, about 3.5mm.; wing, 3.8mm.
Rostrum light yellow, palpi black. Antennae relatively short; scapeobscure yellow, remainder
dark brown; flagellar segmentsoval, verticils yellow. Head dark grey.
Pronotum obscureyellow, praescuhrmwith 3 mediumbrown stripes,scutallobesslightly darkened;
mediotergite infuscated on more than the posterior half, pleurotergite and pleura light yellow,
unpatterned. Halteres with stem whitened, outer half of knob darkened. I-egs with coxae and76

C. P. Alexander on exotic Tipulidae

trochanters lieht yellow; remainder of legs yellowish-brownto pale brown. Wings with a faintgreyish tinge, prearorlar field more whitened; veins very pale brown, inconspicuots. Macrotrichia
of veins very restricted,occuring on outer half of Rn+sand distal sectionof Mt+2. Venation: Rs
long, about 4 times the basalsectionof &+s; .Rgsligbtly distad of level of r-m, about two-fifths thewidth of cell Rsi nrcu shortly before fork of M.
Abdominal tergites brown, sternites paler, outer segrnentsand hypopygium more uniformly
darkened. Male hypopygrum(fig. a) with both dististyles(d) relatively slender,the apicesobtuse,outer end of inner style only moderatelydilated. Phallosomicscaffolding(p) includinglong sinuous
outer gonapophyses(g), each narrowed into a long spine; aedeagus(a) narrowed outwardly, tipnearly truncate.

Holotype 6f, INon: Lifakpo, Kameng, North East Frontier Agency, 3100 feet,
15.v.1961(F. Schmid).
Antocha (Antocha)macrocera Nexander, of Assam, Iikewise has the male hypopygrum with both dististylesobtuse at tips and without spinous apophyseson thephallosome,differing from the presentfly in coloration and in detailsof structureof
the antennaeand hypopygium.
Antocha(Orhurgula) ahwrae sp. n.
Sizesmall (wing of male 3.8 mm.); generalcoloration of mesonotalpraescutumand scutal lobe.s
dark brown; antennaeof male elongate,exceedingthe body; flagellar segmentslong<ylindrical,
with very long erect pale setaedistributed over the entire length, setaeshorter than in salikercis,onthe more proximal segmentslessthan one-halfthe segments. Head dark brown, sparselypruinose.
Male.-l*ngth, about 3 mm.; wing, 3'8 mm.; antenna,about 3'2 mm.
Rostrum obscureyellow, palpi brownish-black. Antennaeof male longer than body; scapeand
pedicel yellow, flagellum brownish-black; flagellar segmentslong-cylindrical, with very long erectpale setae that are scattered over the entire surface, these shorter than in salikensis,on the more
proximal segmentsbeing lessthan one-halfthe segment. Head dark brown, sparselypruinose.
Pronotum, mesonotalpraescutumand scutallobesdark brown, posteriorscleritesmore brownishyellow. Mesopleuradark brown, posterior pleural scleritesyellowed. Halteres with stem yellow,
knob dark brown. Irgs with coxae and trochantersyellow; remainderof legs brown; claws verysmall, the teeth reduced. Wings weakly tinged with brown, unpatterned; veins darker brown.
Macrotrichia on outer fourth of vein rRsand on basal section of Ra+r. Venation: Rg and Re+s
subequal;Rs relatively long, straight, slightly exceedingthe basal sectionof Ra+si m1u about one
and one-half times its length before fork of M; Ms+nshorter than basalsectionof M*2.
Abdomen dark brown. Male hypopyeium with both dististylesslender,especiallythe sliehtly
longer outer style which is gently curved to the narrowly obtuse tip. Phallosomewith central
strucnrresubrectangular,its subtruncatedapexentire.

HolotypeJ, Iwon: Loharket,Almora, Kumaon, 5770feet,19.ix. 1958(F. SclvniQ.
In its venation and antennal structure the present fly is most similar to the
CeyloneseAntocha(Orimargula)salikensisAlexander,differingin the vestitureof theflagellarsegmentsand in detailsof venationand hypopygialstructure,especiallythe
phallosome.A. (O.)prefurcataAlexander,of Assam,hasthe venation(fig. 6) different,with Rs very short and rvith Rz lying proximad of Rl+s to leavea very short basal
sectionof .Ra+s. All other regionalmembrs of the subgenuspresentlyknown havethe venationnormal for the subgenus,with Rz placedbeyondthe fork of Rs (fig. 5).
Antocha(Orimaryula) brevifurcasp. n.
Generalcoloration of mesonotd praescutumand scutal lobes dark brown, posterior scleritesof
notum and pleura yellowed; antennaeof male elongate,nearly equal to the body, flagellarsegme,lrts
with very long erect pale setae;wings with Re+spresent,subequalto Rsi male hypopygium withapex of aedeagusshallowly forked.
Male.-I*ngth, about 3-3'5 mm.; wing, 384 mm.; antenna,about 2'5-3 mm.
Rostrum obscure yellow, palpi brown to brownish-black. Antennae with scapeand pedicel
yellow, flagellum black; flagellar segmentselongate,the pale setaevery long, someonly a little lessthan the seglnents. Head large, dark brown; eyesvery large.
Pronotum very reduced, darkened, pretergites light yellow. Mesonotal praescutum and scutalIobes almost uniformly'dark brown; central area of scutum and contiguous part of praescutum
obscureyellow; posterior scleritesof notum testaceousyellow. Anterior scleritesof pleura darkbrown, posterior parts yellowed. Halteres brownish-black, base of stem narrowly pale yellow.

C. P. Alexanderon exoticTipulidae

77

kgs with coxaeand trochantersyellowed,remainderof legs brown. Wings (fig. 5) faintly tinged
with brown, unpatterned,veinsdarker brown. Venation: Rr relativelyshort, about nvo-thirds thebasalsectionof Ra+slRz and Rz+asubequal;m-cu about 1.3to 1.5timesits lengthbeforefork of M.
Abdominal tergitesand hypopygtumdark brown, sternitesyellowed. Male hypopygium(fie. 7)
generally as in other members of the subgenus,differing from other regional species,excepting
prefurcata,by the slenderstraight aedeagus(a) with the apex shallowlyforked. Both dististyles(d)slender;interbase(i) a straight flattenedblade; central phallosomicplate very large transversely.

:$::Lir;

N\lif1

Frcs. 5-9.-(5, 6) Venation of: (5) Antocha(Oritnargula)brevifurcasp. n.; (6) A. (O.\ prefurcata
Alexander. (7-9) Male hypopygium of: (7) A. (O.) brevifurcasp. n.; (8) A. (O.) breiisector
sp. n.; (9\ A.(O.) simplexsp. l. (a, aedeagus;,, basistyle;d, dististyleig, Eonapophysis;d,interbase;p, phallosome;t, tergite).

HolotypeJ, Ivou,: Thanlon,Manipur, Assam,2500feet,2.ix.1960(F. Sclvnid).
ParatopotypeJ, pinned with type. Paratypes.-ldl, Leimatak, Manipur, Assam,
1300feet,30.v.1960;1d, Foothills,Kameng,North EastFrontierAgency,Assam,
700feet,6.ii,196l(all F. Schmid).
The structure of the aedeagusdistinguishesthe presentfly from other regional
specieswith the exception of Antocha (Orimargula) prefurcata Alexander,which
differs evidentlyin the venation(fig. 6).
Antocha(Orinargk)

brevisectorsp. n.

Size small (wing to about 3.5mm.), mesonotalpraescutumyellow with 3 brown stripcs; maleantennaeelongate,slightly lessthan the body or wing, flagellar segmentswith very long delicateerect

78

C. P. Alexanderon exotic Tipulidae

setae;wings very faintly tinged with brown, unpatterned;Rs short, about trpo-thirdsthe basalsectionof Ra+simale hypopygium with interbaseand gonapophysissubequalin length, the latter a slenderspine.
Male.-l*ngth, about 3.4-3'5mm.; wing, 3'3-3'5mm.; antenna,about 2'9-3 mm.
Rostrum and palpi medium brown. Antennae of male elongate,scapeand pedicel yellowishbrown, flagellum dark brown, segrnentslong, with very long delicateerect setae,the longestnearly
equal to the segments. Head brown.
Pronotum obscureyellow. Mesonotal praescutumyellow with 3 brown stripes,the central one
broader; posterior scleritesof notum yellowed,scutal lobes vaguelymore darkened,ventral pletuotergite weakly infuscated. Pleura yellow, mesepisternumlight brown. Halteres pale brown, baseof stemwhitened. Iegs with coxaeyellow, trochantersslightly darker; remainderof legslight brown.
Wings very faintly tinged with brown, without pattern; veins light brown. Macrotrichia on longitudinal veinsbeyondgenerallevelof r-m, includingveinsRg through distal sectionof Cu. Venation:
Rz far basad,subequalto or sliehtly longer than Rz+giRr short, about two-thirds the basal sectionof Ra+s;mlu about l'5 its length beforefork of M.
Abdomen brown. Male hypopygum (fig. 8) with both dististyles(d) slender,outer stylenarrowed
very gradually to the obtuse tip. Interbase(f) a subhyalineflattenedblade, subequalin length tothe slenderspine-likegonapophysisGr').

Hclotype d, INon,: Rumkheng, Khasi-Jaintia, Assam, 5500 feet, 25.iii. 1960
(F. Schmid). Paratype.-3, Phaiphengmun,
Manipur, Assam,2157feet,29.viii.l960(F. Schmid).
Antocha(Orimargula)brevisectoris generallysimilar to A. (O.) almorae,A. (O.)
salikensisAlexanderand someothers,differing in detailsof venation and hypopygial
structure.
A nt ocha (Or imargula) pr efurcata Alexander
Antocha(Orimargula)prefurcaraAlexander,1950,Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 3 : 309-311.

Type male from Cherrapunji, Khasi State,Assam,4000 feet, May 1936(Sircar).
The venationof the type is shown (fig. 6).
Antocha (Orimargula)simplex sp. n.
Size small (wing of male 4 mm.); generalcoloration of mesonotalpraescutumand scutal lobes
dark brown; antennaeof male relatively short, about one-half the body; wings weakly darkened,Rr
relatively short, about two-thirds the basal sectionof Re+s,m-cu about l'25 to 1'5 times its length
beforethe fork of M; male hypopygiumwith interbasea long pale blade,apex of aedeagusnarrowed
and bent to the obtusetip.
Male.-L.ength, about 3 mm.; wing, 4 mm.; antenna,about l'5 mm.
Rostrum brown, palpi black. Antennaebrownish-blaclqrelatively short, in male lessthan onehalf the wing; flagellarsegmentscylindrical, with scatteredvery long setaefrom small basaltubercles,
the longestonly a little shorter than the segments. Head dark brown.
Mesonotal praescutum chiefly dark brown, paler medially at suture, scutal lobes similarly darkbrown; posterior scleritesof notum pale brown. Pleura with mesopleuradark brown, metaplewa
paler brown. Halteres with stem brown, basewhitened,knob dark brown. I*gs with coxae andtrochantersyellow, remainder of legs light brown. Wings weakly darkened; veinsbrown. Iongtudinal veins beyond level of anterior cord with numerous trichia. Venation: Rs relatively short,about two-thirds the basal section of Rn+si Rs and Re+asubequal;m-cu about 1'25 to 1'5 times its
length before fork of M.
Abdomen, including hypopygium, dark brown. Male hypopygium (fig. 9) with tergite (r)transverse, posterior border low convex, vestiture sparse and pale, difficult to determine. Outerdististyle(d) very slenderon distal third, inner style slightly broader. Interbase(f) a long pale blade,plate; aedeagus(a) pale, gradually
tip narrowly obtuse. Phallosome (p) a depressed-flattened
narrowed and bent to the obtusetip.

Holotype 3, Ir.rolq.:Umlangshor,Khasi-Jaintia,Assam, 4100 feet, 18.iv.1960(F. Schmid). Paratopotype3.
Antocha (Orimargula) simplex differs from other related members of the subgenus,including A. (O.) almorae,A.(O.) brevifurcaand A. (O.) brevisector,in the
shortermale antennaeand in the detailsof hypopygialstructure.
(Manuscript receivedl5th August, 1969)