?87
from the ANNels oF THEEnrouoloctcel Soclerv or Auentce
Reprinted
Vol. XXXIV, No. 1, March, 1941

NEW SPECIESOF CRANE-FLIESF'ROM SOUTH AMERICAPART rx.l (TIPULIDAE, DIPTERA)
Cnanlrs P. Arexlxonn,*ffi;:ff'ff::n::l1",*"'The majority of the species described in this report arepreserved in the Natural History Museum, Vienna, fromwhence they were received for study through the appreciatedinterest of Dr. Hans Zerny. The remaining speciesare basedon collectionsmadein Chile by Bullock;in Bolivia by Steinbach;in Peru by Paprzycki and Woytkowski; and in Ecuador by
F'. Martin Brown. Except where stated to the contrary, thetypes of these latter are preservedin mt' personal collection
through the generosityof the variouscollectorsof the material.
OzodiceraWestrvood
graciliramasp. n.
Ozodicera(Dihexaclonus)
Size small (wing less than 15 mm.); antennae (male) with thebranches of unusual-length; general coloration of mesonotum brownish
gray, with four poorly-delimited reddish brown stripes; posterior
iclerites of notum and the pleura pruinose; fore and middle femora
blackened, the bases obscure yellow; wings tinged with brown, thecostal border darker; ahdominal tergites reddish brown with a blackened
lateral stripe, the subterminal segments blackened; male hypopygiumwith the dististyles arising from a common bulbous base, the outerheavily blackened, with a slender rostrum; phallosome blackened, theouter apical angles produced into incurved black spines.
Male.-Length, about 15-16 mm.;wing, 13-14 mm.
Female.-Length, about 17 mm.;wing, 13 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head elongate, exceeding the remainder ofhead, brown, darker above; nasus short and blunt; palpi blackAntennae with scape and pedicel yellow, flagellum and its branches
black; flagellar branches of male unusually long, exceedingtrvice thelength of the segment, cach branch about one-half longer than the
Head brownish gray.
scape.
-Mesonotal
praescutum rvith the ground color brownish gray, withfour poorly delimited reddish browtr stripes, the intermediate pairwidely separated, especially bchind, reaching the suture; posteriorscleriies of notum brownish BraY, the mediotergite more heavily
pruinose. Pleura brown, the surface pruinose. Halteres dark brown.
i,egs with the coxae pale, sparsely pruinose; trochanters yellow; forerContribution from the Entomological Laboratory, Massachusetts State
College.
The preceding part under this generaltitle was publishedin the Annals of the
Entomological Society of America,30: 598-617,1937.

231

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Annals EntomologicalSocietyof America [Vol. XXXIV,

and middle femora brownish black, the basesnarrowly obscureyellow;
tibiae and tarsi black; posterior legs in male broken; in female, both
femora and tibiae obscure yellow, the tips rather narrowly darkened.
Wings with a strong brown tinge, the prearcular and costal borders,with the stigma, darker brown; veins yellowish brown to light brown.
Venation: Cell Mrbroadly sessile.
Abdominal tergites yellowish to reddish brown, with a blackened
lateral stripe; sternites darker brown; subterrninalsegmentsblackened;hypopygium brown. Male hypopygium with the caudal margin of
tergite subtransverse,each lateral angle produced into an incurved
horn, the margin with a deep median notch. Basistyle elongate,thedististyli at apex, both arising from a common bulbous base, theblackenedinner style produced into a very slender beak. Phallosome
heavily blackened,appearing as a median plate, expandedoutwardly,
the outer apical anglesproduced into incurved black spines.
Habitat:Bolivia.

Holotype, d, Santa Cruz (J. Steinbach).

Allotopoty/e, I. Paratopotype, &.
Ozodicera (D'ihexaclonus) gracilirama is readily told fromthe other described speciesof small size by the unusual lengthof the flagellar branches in the male. In the female that has
been assignedto this species,the flagellar branches are short,much as in other speciesof the genus,and it is possiblethat theassociationwith the male is incorrect.
Tanypremna Osten Sacken
Tanypremna(Tanlryremna)kadeni sp. n.
Thorax with two narrow, dark brown, oblique stripes,one to thefore coxae,the other to abovethe mid-coxae;mesonotalpraescutumwith dark areason cephalicand posteriormedial portions; femora
obscureyellow, the tips narrowly blackened;tibiae yellowishbrown,
the tips narrowlydark brown; tarsi brownishblack; wingsyellow,cellbrown cloud on anteriorcord;
Sc uniformly darkened;a conspicuous
seamedwith brown; veins Scr,freeveins beyondcord conspicuously
tip of S'czand ftr+z all relatively distant from one another at margin;l?z+aabout one-half longer than Rs, cell Mlpetiolate; cell -/sl M2long,its length slightly less than twice the greatest width; abdominal tergites
variegated dark brown and reddish brown.
Iiemale.-Length, about 26 mm.; wing, 19.5 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head obscure yellow above, darkened
laterally; palpi brownish black. Frontal prolongation meeting remainderof front at an angle, forming a groove. Antennae with scapeand pedicel
yellow, flagellum broken. Head yellow with a broad brown crossband
on vertex from eye to eye.
Mesonotal praescutum yellow, variegated with dark brown,
including the anterior median portion and a posterior spot at thesuture, the former continued ventrad to the fore coxae; a conspicuous
lateral spot on praescutum before suture, crossing pleural membrane1e411

Alexander: I{ew Crane Flies233

and continued ventrad across the posterior mesepisternum, almost
reaching the mid-coxae; scutal lobes weakly darkened, the medianarea pale; scutellum obscure yellow; mediotergite and pleurotergite
weakly darkened. Pleura yellow, with two narrow, obliquely transversestripes,as describedabove. Halteres relatively long and slender,brown, the base of stem yellow. Legs with the bases of fore coxae
blackened,remaining coxae yellow; trochanters yellow; femora obscureyellow, the tips narrowly blackened; tibiae yellowish brown, the tips
narrowly dark brown; tarsi brown basally, brownish black outwardly.
Wings yellowish, cell Sc uniformly darkened; stigma yellowish brown,
connected with a conspicuous brown cloud on anterior cord; veins
beyond cord conspicuouslyseamedwith brown; veins brown. Venation:
Sc1,free tip of ,Sczand Rt+, all relatively distant from one another at
margin, the latter two a little more separatedthan the former pair, thedistance exceeding vein Rt+, alone; Rs strongly arcuated to feebly
angulated near outer end; Rz+astrongly arcuated at origin, about onehalf longer than Rs; cell Mr a little longer than its petiole, the latter
one-half longer than m; cell lst Mz long, its length slightly less than
twice the greatestwidth.
Abdominal tergites with basal ring brown, sparsely pruinose, thewider posterior ring darker brown, variegated before suture with deep
reddish brown; sternitesmore uniformly pale; valves of ovipositor longand slender,brownish black.
Habitat : Yenezuela. Holotype, I , collected by Kaden,
August, 1857; Vienna Museum, Alte Sammlung.
Tanyprernna (Tanypremna) kadeni is named in honor of thecollector, Carl Gotthelf Kaden. It is quite different from theother species of the subgenus having darkened tarsi, including
T. ( f.) carbonipes Alexander, T. ( f.) f uscitars'is Alexander,
T. (f.) hodgei Alexander, and T. (f.) inaaripes Alexander, inthe pattern of the thorax and wings, and in the venation, as the
widely separated veins of the anterior radial field and the longcell l st Mz.
Tanypremna (Tanypremna) ornatipes sp. n.
General coloration orange-yellow; antennae yellow, the outer
segmentsa trifle darker; halteres relatively short, brownish yellow, theknobs clear ye1low; tibiae yellow, passing into brown at midJength,
the tips black, precededby a wider whitish yellow ring; wings fulvous
brown, the prearcular region and costal border more intensely fulvous;a restricted dark pattern, including a cloud, on anterior cord; weak
spurs of veinlets on vein M, jutting into cell M; cell Mt long-petiolate.
Sex?-Wing, 19 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head very short, sloping steeply and directly
down from the vertical tubercle so there is no notch or indentation
before the antennae; nasusshort and stout, subtendedby golden setae;
palpi short, pale brown; terminal segment only a trifle longer than the234Societyof Arnerica [Vol. XXXIV,
Annals Entomologicalpenultimate. Antennae yellow, the outer flagellar segments a trifle
darker; basal six flagellar segments short and crowded, with shortverticils; outer segmentselongate, with the sutures poorly delimited,
provided with very long coarse verticils that exceedthe segmentsin
length; terminal segment very long, weakly binodose. Head fulvous
yellbw, the posterior vertex and occiput deeperfulvous orange; vertical
tubercle entire.
Pronotum fulvous orange. Mesonotal praescutum pale brown, thedisk almost coveredby four more orange stripes; pseudosuturalfoveae
appearingas small paired black impressionsthat are narrowly separated;scutallobesorangeyellow,the medianareadarker;scutelluminfuscated,
the parascutellaa trifle paler; mediotergiteweakly darkenedon anterior
halfl the posterior half yellow. Pleura yellow, vaguely more darkened
on dorsal sternopleurite. Halteres relatively short, brownish yellow,
the knobs clear yellow. Legs with the coxae and trochanters orangeyellow; a single leg (fore) remains; femora yellow, the tips narrorvly(outer tenth) blackened; tibiae yellow on basal third, passing intobrown on lessthan central third; tip (about 2 mm.) blackened,precededby a still wider (nearly 4 mm.) whitish yellow ring; tarsi black, thepioximal end of basitarsi obscureyellow. Wings with a strong fulvous
brown suffusion, the prearcular region and cells C and .Sceven more
intense; stigma weakly and diffusely darker, connectedwith a small
darker brown cloud on anterior cord; narrow brown seamson outer endof cel1 lst Mz and on tn-cLc;threesmall dusky clouds on two or three
short spurs of veins from vein M jatting into cell M; a linear whitish
streak near outer end of cell M; veins beyond cord and the outer endof vein ?nd A weakly seamedwith dusky; veins orange-fulvous.Venation: Veins Sc1,free tip of Sczand Rr+zall narrowly and about equally
separatedon costal margin; R1beyond free tip of Sczwelk and shorter
than Rz alone,the latter perpendicular;basal sectionof &+o exceeding
one-halfthe nearly straight Rs; rudimentary spursof veinlets on vein M,
as above described;cell Mt petiolate, the petiole nearly equal in length
to m; m-cu uniting with Ma+tjust before fork, subequalin length toM a+t.

Abdomenbroken.

Habitat : Brazll. IlolotyPe, Sex?; Vienna Museum, Alte
Sammlung.
The most similar species is Tanyprernna (Tanypremna)
porteriana Alexander, of southern Brazll, which differs conspicuously in the pattern of the body, legs and wings, and in
the venation. The present fly is similarly not unlike Tanypremna (Aldroaandia)gesneri(Enderlein), differing most notably
in the long-petiolate cell My It is evident that the subgenus
Aldroaandia Enderlein is founded on very weak characters, thestrongest being the broadly sessile cell My The spurs ofveinlets on vein M are likewise found in the very different
Tanyprernna (Pehlkea) regina Alexander of Colombia.

1e411

Alexander: IVeatCrane Flies

235

Tanypremna (Tanypremna) horrida sp. n.
. Allied.to opil,io,'mesonotumdark brown with a paler central vitta;
P.legra_witlra broad black transverse girdle; femora uniformly blackj
tibiae black, with a conspicuouswhite basal ring occupying a6out theb-asa!t_enth_;tarsi uniformly white; wings cream-yeliow,lxtensively
cloudedand patterned with brown, the stigma and an areaon anterior
cord darker brown; basal section of &+r obliterated or very reduced;
male hypopygium with the inner dististyle complex,the maigin before
the apical beak produced into a slender darkened arrn.
Male.-Length, about 25-28 mm.; wing, 18-19 mm.
Frontal.prolongation of head yellow; nasus broad and long, blackened; palpi black. Antennae with the basal segments yell,ow, theouter segmentspassinginto brown. Head light yellow in front, darker
on vertex, especiallyas lines paralleling the posterior orbits.
Pronotum and propleura very narrbwly dark brown. Mesonotum
chiefly _darkbrgwn, the praescutum and icutum with a paler central
vitta; lateral borders of praescutum obscure yellow, opposite theanterior ends of the lateral stripes with a conspiCuous
black areathat
extends entirely across the postcrior mesepisfernumas a very consp.icuoustransverscgirdle; posterior scleritesof notum dark brorvn, atrifle paler in central portion. Pleura, cxcept as describedabove, lightyellow, the- pleurotergite darkened. Halteres elongate, stem patebrown, the base yellow, the knob dark brown. LegJ with the coxae
pale brown or brownish yellow, the cephalic faces oT fore and middle
cqx-aeblack; trochanters obscure yellow; femora black; tibiae black,with a relatively narrow but conspicuouswhite basalring that occupies
about one-tenth of the total length of the segment; tarsi uniformly
white- Wings with the ground cream-colored,eitensively cloudedwith
p_alebrorvn areas, including a major one beyond midlength of cells
R .and M, with additional broad seamsto many of the l,ongitudinalveins; stig_maand a major area on anterior cord-darker brown; veinsbrown. Venation: Basal section of Rr+r obliterated or punctiform,
with r-r/Lconnectin-g
directly with Rs at the fork or immediaiely beyondon Ra..6,'petiole of cell Mr from one and one-half to twice rn.
Abdomen elongate; tergites dark brown; sternites obscure yellow,
with the caudal borders of the segmentsslightly darker; eighth
segment-hypopygium
more uniformly blackened; hypopygium yellow. Male
with the_tergiteconspicuous,the caudal margin with a broad-V-shaped
notch, the lateral lobes broad and with glabrous edges. Extreme
apex.of basistyleproducedinto a small spinouspoint. Outer dististyle
relatively broad, truncated at apex. Inner dististyle complex, ihemargin before the apical beak produced into a slender darkened arm
thatjs weakly expandedand bilobed at apex,the surfacemicroscopicallyroughened.
Habitat: Peru. Ilolotype, d , Satipo, Junin, March 8,
1939 (P. Paprzyckt). Paratopotype, d .
Tanyprernn& (Tanypremna) horrida is quite distinct from its
nearest ally, the genotype, T. Q.) opilio Osten Sacken, of236

Annals EntomologicalSocietyol Arnerica [Vol. XXXIV,

Middle and northern South America. It differs especiallyin
the patterned wings, venation, as the reduced or obliterated
and especiallyin the structure of the malebasal sectionof Ra..5,
hypopygium. By my key to the species of Tanyprernna(Journ.N. Y. Ent. Soc.,22;207-208,
1914),the fly runs directly
to op'ilio.
subapicalis
sp. n.
Tanypremna(Tanypremnodes)
General coloration of mesothorax black, the praescutum with four
more brownish to reddish brown stripes; head variegated orange andblack; tibiae brown, the tips conspicuouslyblack, precededby a broad
white ring; wings brownish, the base and cell C more yellow; stigma
and an extensivecloud on anterior cord dark brown; vein R1a2preserved
but very short, at margin contiguous with the free tip of Sc2,forminga tiny triangular cell Sc2;m-cuwith a spur at near midlength; abdominal
tergites dark brown, the basal segmentswith an incomplete light grayring on basal portion.
Female.-Length, about 25 mm.; wing, 14.5 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head obscureorange;palpi brown. Antennae
l3-segmented;scapeand pedicelbrown; basalflagellarsegmentsobscureyellow, the pectinations dark brown; outer flagellar segments a little
darker yellow; flagellar segmentsone to six each with a conspicuous
branch, on segmentstwo to five exceedingone-half the length of thesegment, on the sixth segment.very reduced; pectinate segmentswith
inconspicuous verticils, the simple outer segments with long conspicuous setae that exceed the segmentsin length. Head with thebroad anterior vertex obscure orange, the vertical tubercle bifid;
posterior vertex black with a conspicuous orange area on either sideparalleling the posterior orbits.
Pronotum black. Mesonotal praescutum with the ground color
grayish black, with four more brownish stripes, the intermediate pairbrightened to reddish brown, separated by a capillary black line;
posterior sclerites of notum brownish black. Pleura almost uniformly
dark brown, vaguely marked with paler. Halteres relatively short,
black, the base of stem obscure yellow. Legs with the coxae black;trochanters brownish black; femora black, the basesrestrictedly obscureyellow; tibiae brown, the tips broadly blackened,precededby a verybroad white ring, on the posterior tibiae involving approximately onefourth the length of the segment,narrower on the other tibiae; basitarsi
black, the proximal ends brown; outer tarsal segmentsblack; claws(female)small, simple. Wings with a strong brown tinge, the prearcularregion and costal cell more yellow; cell .Scdark brown; stigma and alarge confluent area on anterior cord dark brown; veins beyond cordmoie or less seamedwith brown, especially vein Cu; veins brown, theouter ends of anal veins paler. Venation: Scr preserved;Rs relatively
short, nearly straight, a little longer than the arcuated basal section of
Rn+sil?z unusually long, Rr+, preserved,almost erect and contiguous toconfluent at margin with Sc2,forming a tiny cell Sczat outer end of

1e4rlAlexander: IVewCrane Flies237

stigma; rL-cu.with a spur at near midlength, jutting basad into cell M.
Abdomen relatively long; tergites dark brown, segments two to
five each with a glabrous whitish gray triangle on either side in theposition of the usual basalring, the points of the triangle directedmesadbut not meeting at the midline; extremecaudal bordersof tergitespale;basal sternitespaler brown, the outer segmentsdarker.

Habitat : Brazil. Ilolotype, g , Blumenau, Santa Catharina (Loth. Hetschko); Vienna Museum.
Tanyprernna (Tanyprernnodes)subapicalis is very different
from the only other speciesin the subgenus,T. (f.) hucoplaca
Alexander, of Par6, Brazil. The subapical position of thewhite tibial rings and the retention of vein R,+, furnish strong
charactersfor the definition of the species. Recent keys to thesubgeneraof Tanyprernna(Alexander,Rev. Chilena Hist. Nat.
40:298-305, 1936. Ann. Mrg. Nat. Hist (10) 20:484-485;
1937) stress the loss of vein R,*, in the subgenotype. The
primary subgenericcharactersevidently lie in the pectinate
nature of the antennaerather than in the venation.
BrachypremnaOsten Sacken
BrachSryremna
diversipessp.n.
General coloration of mesonotum dark brown, the cephalic andlateral portions of the praescutumpaling to buffy gray; all pairs of legs
differing markedly in color, the tips of all femora broadly white; fore
femora yellow with a broad black ring at near two-thirds the length;
middle femora almost entirely black; posterior femora yellow with avery narrow brown subterminal ring; posterior tibiae without darkrings, the fore and middle pair eachwith a broad biack subbasalannulus;
all tarsi yellowish white; wings strongly suffusedrvith brown, sparsely
patterned with darker brown; abdominal tergites dark brown, sternites
yellow, with median dark brown dashes.
Male.-Length, about 16-20 mm.; wing, 20-28 mm.
Female.-Length, about 18-20 mm.; wing, 20-21 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head brownish black; palpi variegated;basal segmentuniformly black; segmentstwo and three brownish blackon basal half, the distal portion yellowish white; terminal segment
black, a trifle paler outwardly. Antennae short; scape light brown;
pedicel white; first flagellar segment white, narrowly darkened atbase; succeedingsegmentswhite, the outer three or four segments
brownish black. Head brown, the setigerouspuncturesdarker; anteriorvertex narrow, about one-half greater than the diameter of scape.
Pronotum buffy above, variegated with two darker spots, darkbrown on sides. Mesonotal praescutum chiefly dark brown, withpoorly defined darker stripes, the cephalic and lateral portions of thesclerite broadly buffy-gray; posterior sclerites of notum dark brown,

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Annals EntomologicalSocietyof Arnerica [Vol. XXXIV,

the mediotergite with two yellowish areas on caudal portion. Pleura
gray, sparselyvariegated with brown spots. Halteres brownish black,the base of stem narrowly pale yellow. Legs with the coxae light
gray; trochanterspale yellow; all pairs of legsdiffering from one anotherin color; fore femora yellow, at near two-thirds the length with a broad
black ring, the tips abruptly white; fore tibiae pale yellow with a broad
black subbasalring on proximal half, this including about two-fifths
the total length of the segment;tarsi uniformly yellowishwhite; middle
femorachiefly black, the basesnarrowly paler, the tips abruptly white;
mid-tibiae pale yellow with a broad black subbasalring on proximal
half, about equal in degree to the fore tibiae; mid-tarsi uniformly
yellowish white; hind femora yellow with a very narrow brown ring
beforethe wider white tip, the latter equal in amount to that of otherfemora;posteriortibiae and tarsi uniformly yellowishwhite, unmarked.
Wings with a strong brown tinge, weakly patternedwith darker brown,
including the prearcularand costalfields;stigma obscureyellow, ringed
with brown; certain of the veins marginedwith brown, the most conspicuousbeing Cu and the tips of veins Ra-5and Mrat wing-apex,thetwo latter alternating with cleareryellow spots in outer ends of cells;
veins brown. Venation: r-m present or obliterated by punctiform
fusion of veins J?a-.,'-5
and Mt+2.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, the extremebasal rings paler, thelateral portions of the proximal segmentslight gray; sternitesgray withthe usual linear dark brown median dashes.
Habitat: Peru. Ilolotype, d , Satipo, Junin, August 19,
1939 (P. Paprzycki). AllotopotyPe, I , August 12, 1939.
Paratopotypes,several & d, March 6, 1939, to August 19, 1939.
Brachyprernna d'iaers'ipesis entirely distinct from all otherspecies of the genus so far described. The nature of the legpattern, especially the almost unvariegated hind legs, furnishes
the most readily detected specific characters.
Tipula Linnaeus
Tipula (Neotipula) paprzyckiisp. n.
General coloration of thorax reddish yellow, the praescutumwith
four narrow brownish gray stripes that are conspicuouslybordered bybrownish black; mediotergite light Bray, bordered laterally andposteriorlyby brown; pleura yellow;flagellarsegmentsslightly producedon ventral face beforeouter end; femora yellow, the tips conspicuously
blackened;wings pale brown, conspicuouslyvariegated with darker
brown and large cream-coloredareas; a conspicuousdark brown spotat point of union of m-cu and Cu1,thc latter very constricted;abdominal
tergiteslight brown, restrictcdlypatternedwith darker.
Iiemale.-Length, about 42 mm.; wing, 35 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head dark brown, elongate; nasus longand slender;palpi black throughout. Antennaeshort; basal segments

1e411

Alexander: IVeatCrane Fl,ies

239

yellowish brown, the outer flagellar segmentsuniformly brown; firstflagellar segmentelongate,secondabout two-thirds the length of thefirst; flpgellar segmentsthree to eight, inclusive, with the lower facedestitute of setae,before apgx sligh-ly produced; outer three segmenrs"bro*n,simple, the last elongate,_subequal
to fhe penuliimate. Headthe anterior vertex even darker; no distincl vertical tubercle: anterioi
vertex narrow, lessthan twice the diameter of scape.
Pronotum dark brown medially above, the remainder light yellow.
Mesonotal praescutumwith the giound color reddish yellow] wiltr four
narrou/ brownish g.ral stripes that are conspicuouily bordered bybrownish black; cephalicendsof intermediatestripes and the restricted.
humeral portions more brightened;scutum light-brown, the posterior
portion darker _brown; scutellum_a little paler; mediotergite chiefly
light gtay; bordered laterally and posteriorly by brown. Fl"utu ".,hpleurotergite-yellow,. the dorsopleural region iestrictedly darkened.
Halteres with stem bro-wn, the base and knob slightly- brightened.
!.9. with the coxaeyellow, the fore and middle piirs-with"a small
d.arkspot on cephalicface near_apex;trochantersyell,ow;femora yellow,
the tips somewhat narrowly but very conspicuously'blackened,
thea.mountsubequalon all l"gr; remainderof legs yellow, the tips oi thetibjae narrowly and weakly darkened. Winfs wittr the ground color
pale brown, the prearcular and_gost_alregions darker biown; major
cream-coloredareas in outer medial field; outer end of cell M, acrossouter two-thirds of cell Cu and in outer end of ceII lst A near vein?nd A; proximal end of stigma yellow, the distal and caudal portions
brgw-n;a conspicuousdark brown spot at union of m-cu and,Cit; veins
pale brown, darker in the cloudedportions. Veins unusuallyglabrous.
Venation: Rs arcuated, a little shorter than rn-cu; -Rr shbrTerthan
4r+z+a;veins {r+z and Ra straight, cell .Rsnot constricted;cell .Scz
l.o1s, parallel-sided; cell ./st Mz long, m shorter than petioie of celi
Mt; cell Ma untsually wide at margin, the distance greater than thelast sectionof Cui base of cell ?nd il producedproximad of level ofarculus.
Abdominal tergiteslight brorvn,restrictedlypatternedwith darker;
sternites somewhat more uniformly yellowish brown. Ovipositor
with cerci relatively short but slender.
Habitat: Peru. Ilolotype, & , Satipo, Junin, May 2, lg3g
(P. Paprzycki).
T'ipula (Neot'ipula) paprzychii is named in honor of thecollector, Mr. Pedro Paprzycki, who has collected numerous
Tipulidae in the vicinity of Satipo. The fly is quite distinct
from the two species of the subgenus hitherto de,fined, T. (lr.)
rnaya Alexander and T. (I/.) pectinella Alexander, both ofCentral America. The wing-pattern of the present fly is
distinctive. It is still uncertain in my mind as to whether
Neotipula should be ranked as a valid genus rather than as asubgenus.

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Annals EntomologicalSocietyof America [Vol. XXXIV,

Tipulaperlaticostasp. n.
Generalcolorationplumbeous;antennaeelongate,flagellumblack,the apex of each intermediate segmentnarrowly pale; legs yellow, thetermihal tarsal segmentsblackened; more than the distal third of
posterior tibiae abruptly white; wings dimidiate, with approximalely
ihe cephalic half dark brown, the posterior portion grayish hyaline;
abdominal tergites brown, the lateral borders blackened, the subterminal segments more uniformly darkened; basal sternites andhypopygium yellow.
Male.-Length, about 16 mm.; wing, 14.5 mm.; antenna,about
6 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head relatively short and stout, obscureyellow; nasui long and conspicuous;palpi brown, the elongateterminal
iegment a little paler. Antennaeelongate,as_sh9w1by the measurem6nts, if bent backward extendingto beyond the base of abdomen;basal three segmentsyellow, succeedingflagellar segmentsblack, withunithe apex of each segmentpale, the outer three or four_segments
formly black; pedicel with a densegroup of about a dozen setae on
uppef face; each flagellar segment beyond the first elongate, gentl,yincised;verticils shorterthan the segments;terminal segmentreduced.
Head buffy in front, the posterior portion grayish brown; anteriorvertex broad, exceedingthree times the diameterof scape;a capillary
black medianvitta on anterior vertex.
Thorax almost uniformly plumbeous,the pteropleuritepaler, moreyellowish; mesonotal vestiture yery short and reduced. Halteres
infuscatedthroughout. Legs with the fore coxaeyellow, middle andhind coxae plumbeous,the tips yellow; trochanters yellow; femora
yellow, tibiab brownish yellow, tbp tgr9ing! tarsal segmentsblack;posteriortibiae with morelhan the distal third (4.5mm. out of 11.5mm.)
abruptly and conspicuouslywhite;, claws small, hairy. Pilgr *itl,
apprbxiinately the cephalichalf dark brown, the.posterior half grayish
hyiti.te; the dark color includes the entire radial fie1d excepting tle
very narrow outer posterior portion of cell R "14 an equal amount in
Rs above cell ful Mzi cephalichalf of cell Mr; basal two-thirds ofce11cell M; extreme baseof cell Cu, and the prearcular region; veins pale
brown, darker in the clouded portions. Squama naked. Venation:
entire; petioleof cell Mr
Rs nearly twice m-cu; Rz relatively long; J?r+z
more than one-half longer than rni M s+cshorter than basal section of
M+zi cell?n'd.4 relativelYwide.
Abdominal tergites brown, the lateral borders blackened,the subterminal segmentJmore uniformly darkened; basal sternites yellow;
hypopygium tight yellow, very small and of simple construction.
Alte
Habitat : Brazil. I[olotype, & ; Vienna Museum,"Km."
sammlung; type specimen bears a small green label
The nearest ally of the present fly among the previously
described species is T'ipula laticostata Alexander, of southern
Brazil, which has the brown costal border of the wings muchnarrower, involving about the cephalic third, and lacks thewhite annulus on the posterior tibiae.

1e4uAlexander: IVewCraneFlies

241

Tipula fiebrigi sp. n.
group; general coloration of praescutum
Belongs to the laticostat@reddish brown, with three entire brown stripes; antennal flagellum
bicolored;legsobscureyellow, the tips of the tarsi dark brown; posterior
tibiae without a white ring; wings with costal border broadly darkbrown, the posterior portion grayish subhyaline; abdominal tergites
reddish brown, the lateral borders conspicuouslyblackened; sternites
orange-yellow,hypopygium yellow; male hypopygium with the caudal
border of tergite convexly rounded, on either side on ventral surface
with a small lobe that is set with blackenedpegJike spines.
Male.-Length, about 14mm.; wing, 14mm.; antenna,about 6 mm.
Frontal prolongationof head brownish yellow; nasusdistinct; palpi
yellow throughout. Antennae (male) relatively long, a little less than
one-half the length of wing; basal three segmentsyellow, succeeding
segmentsbicolored, the small basal enlargementbrown, the remainder
yellow, passing into yellowish brown on outer segments;segments
feebly incised, with long verticils; terminal segmentthimble-shaped.
Head dark Bray, the front more brownish yellow.
Mesonotal praescutum glabrous, with the ground color reddish
brown, with three entire brown stripes; scutum reddish brown, thecentersof the lobesconspicuouslydarkened;scutellumand postnotum
dark brownish gray. Pleura pale brownish yellow, the propleura,pteropleurite and meron clearer yellow. Halteres with stem obscureyellow, knob dark brown. Legs with coxae testaceousyellow; trochantersyellow; remainderof legs obscureyellow, the terminal tarsal
segmentspassinginto dark brown; no whitening of posteriortibiae, asin perlaticosta. Wings with the costal border broadly dark brown, thedarkening in cells R and M paling to gray, the centers of the outerradial cellssimilarly gray, the veins seamedwith brown; posteriorcellsof wing light grayish subhyaline;the dark color includesall of cell R
exceptlhgouter lower edge,basalhalf of M, all of Ruexceptingposterioredgeof basalhalf, and the outer anterior portion of cell M 1; veinspale
brown, darker in the cloudedportions. A few stigmal trichia present.
Venation:.Rs angulated and short-spurredat origin; vein Ra a little
extended,cell R2 at margin only a trifle wider than cell R3; r-m distinctly preserved. Both wings of type show a weak spur of a vein from
Ma at or closeto m.
Abdominal tergites reddish brown, the lateral bordersconspicuously
blackened;sternites orange-yellow;hypopygium yellow. Male hypopygium with the caudal border of tergite convexly rounded, the ventral
on either sidebearinga small tubercledenselyset with blackened
surTacepegJike spines. Basistyle with flattened, compressed,black lobe on
the length about fivemesal face. Outer dististyle elongate-flattened,
times the greatestwidth. Inner dististyle small and compact,the beaktrifid, with a fourth smaller spinouspoint lying more basad. Eighthsternitewith margin convexlyrounded,simple.
Habitat: Paraguay. Ilolotype, & , San Bernardino (C.
Fiebrig) ; Vienna Museum.
T,ipula fi.ebrigi is named in honor of the collector, Carl
Fiebrig. It is allied to T. laticostata Alexander and T. fer-

242

Annals EntomologicalSocietyof Arnerica [Vol. XXXIV,

Iaticostosp. n., both of. BraziT,differing in the pattern of thewings and legs. In the former species,the brown costalborderis more restrictedwhile in the latter speciesthe posteriortibiae
are broadly ringed with white.
Tipula pantherina sp. n.
Belongsto the moniliferagroup; most closelyallied to T. armillatus
Alexander (Colombia).
Male.-Length, about 15 mm.; wing, 16.5 mm.; antenna, about
1 3 . 5m m .
Antennae(male) elongate,only a little shorter than either the bodyor the wing; basal flagellar segments only weakly bicolored, brown,
the basal knot black; outer segmentsmore uniformly blackened.
Capillary median praescutal vitta very narrow; lateral praescutal
stripes evident; scutellum yellow, the parascutelladarker; mediotergite
yellow on central portion, broadly darkened sublaterally. Pleuraand pleurotergite yellow. Fore femora yellow, with a subterminal
dark ring; posterior femora with the actual tip infuscated; tibiae
brownish yellow to pale brown, the tips very narrowly darkened.
Wings with a contrastedbrown and subhyalinepattern, as in monilifera
and allies; pale spot in cell C beyond arculus scarcelyevident. Venation: Cell Mr much deeper than in arntillatu,s,nearly three times its
petiole; cell Ma deep, nearly parallel-sided,nt-cu,only about one-halfthe distal section of.Cu.
Abdominal tergites obscure yellow, narrowly lined laterally withdark brown, not or scarcelydarkenedmedially; sternitescleareryellow,
outer segmentsmore darkened. Male hypopygium with the medianarea of tergite produced, the dorsal furrow narrow but well-defined;
lateral lobes conspicuous,produced caudad to beyond the level of themedian lobe. Outer dististyle expanded on a little more than its
distal half, the expandedportion about three times as wide as the stem.
Inner dististyle with the dorsal flange projecting at outer end into alobe, forming an emargination between it and the outer lobe of thestyle; dorsal crest with a row of setae that becomemuch stouter andflattened outwardly, most conspicuouslyso on the outer lobe of theflange. Eighth sternite with a median lobe that is about as long as
broad at base,the apex somewhatnarrowed but still obtuse,the surface
clothed with long yellow setaethat exceedthe lobe in length.
Habitat : Venezuela. Holotype, &, without
Vienna Museum, Alte Sammlung.
I retain the manuscript name attachedspecimen.

further

data;

to

type

the

Tipula unistriata sp. n.
Belongs to the glaphyropteragroup; mesonotum yellow, with abroad brown median stripe extending the entire length; femora yellow,
with a pale brown subterminal ring; wings brown, the central half
occupied by a broad yellow longitudinal stripe; a conspicuousdark1e41lAlexander: New Crane Flies

243

brown area at outer end of cell -lsl Mz; abdominal tergites yellow, withthree brown stripes; male hypopygium with the caudal border of theeighth sternite bearing a depressed-flattened lobe that is about twice
as long as wide, its tip obtusely rounded.
Male.-Length, about 15 mm.; wing, 16.5 mm.; antenna, about
4.5mm.
Frontal prolongation of head brownish yellow; nasus elongate;
palpi brownish black. Antennae of moderate length, if bent backward
extending approximately to wing-root; yellow, the bases of all flagellar
segments beyond the first slightly darkened to produce a very weakbicolored appearance; flagellar segments only moderately incised;longest verticils subequal to the segments; terminal segment very small.
Head buffy, the posterior vertex weakly infuscated, especially on sides;
vertical tubercle very low.
Mesonotum light yellow pollinose, the praescutum with a conspicuous brown median and inconspicuous darkened lateral stripes,
the latter scarcely differentiated from the ground; median vitta pale
brown in front, darker behind and continued caudad as a broad medianstripe to the abdomen; cephalic portion of median stripe on praescutum
further divided by a capillary dark brown vitta. Pleura yellow, thecephalic portion of the mesepisternum brown, to form a transverse
girdle, the color including the dorsopleural membrane and the cephalicportions of both anepisternum and sternopleurite; ventral pleurotergite
darkened. Halteres pale. Legs with the coxae brownish yellow, thefore pair slightly lined with darker; trochanters yellow; femora yellow
with a pale brown subterminal ring; tibiae and tarsi yellow, the outertarsal segmentsblack; claws (male) toothed. Wings with the central
half chiefly occupied by a longitudinal yellowish area, the posteriorborder and cephalic radial field brown, giving the impression of alongitudinally striped wing; cells C and Sc lessdistinctly darkened; verysmall brown spots at arculus; one-third the length of cell R adjoining
vein .R,'origin of Rs, and on thc anterior cord; a conspicuousdarker
brown spot at outer end of cell ./sl MBin the otherwise yellow groundarea;major yellow areasin cellsCu,,1st.l and 2nd ^1,subequalin area
to the brown, the latter a little darker in base of cell Cu and as two
streaks in outer end of cell M adjoining vein Cut; naffow pale marginal
droplets in cells ?nd, M2, Ms, Ma and two in lst A,'axillary bordernarrowly lined with brown; veins yellow, darker in the infuscated areas.
Venation: Rs nearly twice m-cu; R112entire, cell R2 n&ffowed at base;petiole of cell M t a little exceeding rn; M r+n a little longer than thebasal section of Mw*
Abdominal tergites yellow, with three brown stripes, the mid-dorsal
one broad and diffuse, the caudal borders of segments pale; sternites
more uniformly yellow; hypopygium chiefly yellow. Male hypopygium
relatively large; caudal border of ninth tergite convex, the marginsmooth, with a very tiny U-shaped median notch. Basistyle with alarge hemispherical lobe on mesal face; ventral lobe small, pale, with
about five very long terminal setae that greatly exceedthe lobe in length.
Outer dististyie long and pale, gradually widening outwardly into ac1ub. Inner dististyle long and narrow, with a dorsal crest of long244

Annals EntomologicalSocietyof Arnerica [Vol. XXXIV,

pale setaeand a lateral flangebearing a fringe of shorter bristles. Eighthsternite with caudal border produced into a depressedliguliform lobe,
about twice as long as wide, the apex obtusely rounded, the surface
except medially at base bearing abundant long pale setae.

Habitat : Brazil. Ilolotype, d i Vienna Museum, Alte
Sammlung.
The most similar species is Tipula scriptello Alexander, ofnorthern Panama, which differs conspicuously in the patternsof the mesonotum and wings.
Tipula riveti tolimensis subsp.n.
M ale.-Length, about 19 mm.; wing, 23 mm.; antenna, about
1 3 . 5m m .
Closely resemblingthe typical form (from high altitudes in Ecuador)differing as follows:
Size larger (Tipula riaeti riaeti Edwards-Length, 16 mm.; wing,
21 mm.; antenna, 11 mm.). Antennal flagellum bicolored, the small
basal enlargement black, the long cylindrical stems brown; thirteenthsegmentpresentbut reducedto a thimblelike button;longestpubescenceof segmentsa little shorter than the diameter of the segment;longest
verticils considerablyshorter than the segments. Legs with the narrowdark subapical ring precededby a subequal clearer yellow annulus.
Wings marbled,the pattern much as in the typical form but the details
different. Subbasal spot in cell Rs strongly yellow, the outer pale
spot lacking; dark areasin anal cells distinct, the axilla and prearcularfield heavily darkened. Venation: Cell Rr at margin more extensive
than cell Ra,' cell Mt deep,its petiole about one-halfm,;rn-cuat fork of
M s+a. Basal abdominal segmentsreddish brown, beyond the baseof third segmentdarker brown to brownish black. Male hypopygiumwith the tergite bearing eight spinouspoints; in typical riveti with only
six such points, the submedianpair low and obtuse. Inner dististylebearing a conspicuous setiferous lobe on outer margin opposite thelower beak.
Habitat: Colombia. Ilolotype, d , Mount Tolima, Cordillera Central, altitude 14,430 feet (Fassl); Vienna Museum.
Tipula subligulata sp. n.
Belongsto the glaphyropteragroup; allied to ligulata; generalcoloration gray; mesonotalpraescutum with four entire dark brown stripes;
posterior scleritesof notum with a median dark stripe; antennal flagelium
black, pedicel obscureyellow; femora brown, the tips blackened,preceded by a yellow subterminal ring; wings grayish brown, variegatedand marbled by darker brown and whitish subhyaline; abdominal
tergites obscure yellow, trilineate with black, the sublateral stripes
wider; male hypopygium with the caudal margin of tergite entire andnearly truncate; both lobes of basistylesmall, suboval; outer dististyle
expandedat apex; eighth sternite with the median lobe simple,parailelsided,the apex bilobed.

1e411

Alexander: IVewCraneFlies245

M ale.-Length, about 14-16 mm.; wing, 16-18.bmm.; antenna,
about 4.5-4.8mm.
I"emale.-Length,about 22 mm.; wing, 19 mm.
- Frontal prolongation of head dark gray; nasus long and slender;
palpi black. Antennae with scape brownish black, pidicel obscureyellgry, flagellum-black; flagellar segmentsmoderately incised; longest
verticils subequal to or a little shorter than the segments;termlnal
segmentthimble-shaped. Head light gray, with a brown wash that
enclosesa-capillary black median vitta; setigerouspuncturesdistinct;
vertical tuberclevery low; anterior vertex about three times the diameterof scape.
. Pronotum. gray, darkened medially. Mesonotal praescutum gray,with four entire, dark brown stripes; lateral bordersand an areain tie
humeral region blackened;scutum gray, each lobe with two brownareas,the medianregiondarkened;scutellumlight gray, with a mediandark brown stripe, parascutelladark; mediotergite ugnt gray with aconspicuous,
dark brown, mediandashthat doesnot reachthe posterior
bordcr, to_gether
with a smallerdark areain eachcephalic-lateralcorner;in cases.,
the mediotergitewith two largeroundeddark areason posteriort-hi1d, indistinct in . some specimens. Pleura gray, variegaied withdarker gray on anepisternum,ventral sternopleuriteand meron; dorsopleuralmembranebuffy. Haltereswith stembrownishyellow,brighterat base; knob dark brown, the apex obscure yellow. Legs with- thecoxae. grayi trochanters brownish yellow; femora brown, the tips
conspicuouslyblackened,precededby a subequalyellow ring; tibiie
darJ<brown, th_etips blackened; tarsi black. Wings grayish-brown,
variegated by darker brown and whitish subhyaline areas; four darkbrown areasin cell Sc, wider than the interspaces,virtually reachingvein M behind and here more or less confluent; stigma paler brown;
white pattern marbled and more or less zigzag in- outline, forming
more or lessextensivebandsin the cellsbeforecord; a conspicuous
post-stigmal whitening; outer endsof cells .Rsand R6extensivelywhitened;
white marginal spots in cells Mt to lst A, inclusive; cell /nd A more
extensivelydarkenedexceptin axillary portion; prearcularfield white;veins brown, R1r.2yellow. Venation: Rs long, about two and one-halftimes m-cu; R1.'-2
entfte; Ms,rasubequalto or shorter than the basal
sectionof M *2.
Abdominal tergites obscureyellow, very conspicuouslyblackened
sublaterally;first tergite pruinose;median dark stripe narrower and lessconspicuous;all stripes broken at posterior ends of segments;lateral
tergal mqgins buffy; basal sternites obscure yellow; outer segments
more uniformly blackened. Male hypopygiumwith the caudalmarginof tergite entirc, nearly.truncate, the central portion very feebly a-nd
gently emarginate...
Basistylewith both ventral and mesallobesimall,suboval. Outer dististyle short, the apex expandedinto a flattened
spatulate head. Inner dististyle with the setaevery conspicuousbefore
midlength,the smallestsetaecontinuedto apex of beak; lower lobe ofbeak short and obtuse. Eighth sternitewith a simplemedianlobe thatis about two and one-halftimes as long as wide, nearly parallel-sided,
the distal half pale, the apex bilobed by a median notch. Ovipositor

246

Societyof America [Vol. XXXIV,
Annals Entomologicalwith cerci long and slender, nearly straight; hypovalvae much shorterand higher.
Habitat:Chile.

Ilolotype,d , Termas Rio Blanco, Cura

Cautin, Cautin, altitude 3,415 feet, March 28, 1938 (D. S.
Bullock) . Allotopotype, I , March 29, 1938. Paratopotype, &,March 26, 1938.
Tipula subligulata is most similar to T. lanigera Alexander
and T. l'igulata Alexander, differing most evidently in thedetails of wing-pattern, lack of elongate pale setae on the outer
abdominal sternites, as in lanigera, and in the structure of themale hypopygium.
Tipula serrilobatasp. n.
group;mesonotalpraescutumwith theBelongsto the glaphyroptera

median stripe more or less trifidl antennae (male) elongate, basal
flagellar segmentsweakly bicolored; femora yellow, the tips blackened,precededby a natrower, clear yellow ring; wings yellowish subhyaline,
wittr a relatively sparse dark pattern; male hypopygium having theninth tergite with a deep U-shaped notch, the truncated lateral lobes
with serratemargins;eighthsternitewith the iobe very small and simple.
Male.-Length, about 1-l mm.; wing, 15.5 mm.; antenna, about
6 mm.
Female.-Length,about 18-20 mm.; wing, 16-18.5mm.
Frontal prolongation of head brown, darker basally and at sides,
paler beneath; palpi black, the tips of the segmentspale, the terminal
segmentwhitened beyond the base. Antenna (male) elongate,if bent
baikward extending to beyond base of abdomen; scapeyellow, a little
darkened at base; pedicel and first flagellar segmentyellow; succeeding
flagellar segments weakly bicolored, brown, the basal enlargements
black; outer flagellarsegmentsuniformly black; in female,the intermediate flagellar segments more evidently bicolored, yellow, the basal
swelling black; flagellar segmentsof male feebly incised; longest verticils
subequal-frontin length to the segments;terminal segmentreduced. Headlight gray; vertex darker grdY, more or less infuscatedwithmedially and behind.
Mesonotal praescutum yellow pollinose on sides, the interspaces
gray; lateral dark brown stripes entire, median stripe more or lesstrild,in male lessevidently so, the medianvitta being delimited on either sideby pale streaks,all within the stripe itself; in female,the pale lines aremuih more distinct and better defined; scutum light gtaY, each lobe
variegated with dark brown, the median line with a nearly entire brownvitta; posterior scleritesof notum gray, with a scarcelybroken medianbrown stripe. Pleura variegated yellow and graY, the latter more
extensive on the mesopleura of male, leaving the propleura, dorsopleural membrane, metapleura and pleurotergite more yellow; infemale, the pale colors are even more extensive. Halteres with stem
yellow, knobdark brown with paler apex. Legswith coxaeyellow, very

1e4UAlexander: New Crane Flies

247

sparsely pruinose; trochanters yellow; femora yellow basally, passing
into pale yellowish brown, the tips blackened, preced.edby a narrower,
clear ye1low ring; tibiae obscure yellow, the tips narrowly brownish
black; tarsi black. Wings with the ground color yellowish subhyaline, of
the ce1lsbeyond cord and in outer end of cell /sl A weakLy darkened;
stigma brown, the cephalic portion yellow; dark subcostal areas greatly
reduced, the small cloud at origin of Rs not including cell Sc; obliterative
areas beyond stigma and across cord relatively conspicuous,especiallyin female where a more or less complete crossband is formed; cell Cur
extensivelyblackened;veins dark. Venation: Rs long, nearly two times
nl-cu;R1a2and R3 strongly divergent, cell Rz widened at margin.
Abdominal tergites yellow, trivittate with dark brown, the medianstripe narrow but nearly entire, broken only at posterior borders ofsegments; lateral stripes extensively intermpted into linear dashes;
sternites yellow, in female extensively variegated by brownish black;
subterminal segmentsdarker. Male hypopygium with the tergite brownbasally, with more than the outer half abruptly yellow; caudal margin
with a deep U-shaped notch, the lateral lobes truncated, their margins
conspicuously and irregularly serrate. Basistyle with ventral lobe only
a little longer than thick, oval, provided with long setae; mesal lobe alittle larger, appearing as a compressedoval cushion. Outer dististylelong-cylindrical. Eighth sternite with the lobe small, simple, only about
as long as the width acrossbase,clothed with numerouslong yellow setae.

Habitat: Chile. Ilolotype, d , Termas Rio Blanco, Cura
Cautin, Cautin, altitude 3,415 feet, March 29, 1938 (D. S.
Bullock). Allotopoty|e,9, March28, 1938. Paratopotype,9,with allotype.
Tipula serrilobata is closest to T. parailoba Alexander,
differing especiallyin the structure of the male hypopygium, as
the truncated serratelobesof the ninth tergite.
Tipulasubannatasp.n.
Belongs to the armatipennis group; general coloration yellowish
brown, the praescutum unstriped; antennal flagellum bicolored; wings
with a strong brownish yellow tinge, the costal region clearer yellow;
costal margin opposite stigma strongly produced; R1 atrophied, Rtt,perpendicular,cell .lsl M2ver! small; male hypopygium with the eighth
iteinite large and sheathing, the caudal margin with a deep U-shaped
notch, the cylindrical lateral lobeseachtipped with a circlet of blackened
splnes.
Male.-Length, about 18 mm.;wing, 15 mm.;antenna,about 6 mm.
F'rontal prolongation of head moderately long, fulvous yellow; nasus
stout; palpf yello*. Antennae with the scape and pedicel yellow, theformer short, the latter with a group of long setae on outer half ; firstflagellar segmentyellow, succeedingsegmentsbicolored, brown, the basal
enlargement brownish black to black, the outer segmentsmore uniformly
dark-brown; flagellar segments moderately incised; longest verticils
shorter than the segments; terminal segment reduced to an elongate

248 AnnalsEntomologicalsociety0f America [vol. xxxlv,
thimble. Head light brown, the low anterior vertex darker brown
medially.
Pronotum and mesonotum almost uniform yellowish brown, thepraescutum withour-tstripes.;setaeof praescutum very small and sparse.
Pleura yellow._Halteres with s_temobscureyellow, knob brown.'L"g,with coxae and trochanters yellow; remainder of legs yellow, ihe outertarsal .sgsmentsdarkened; claws (male) toothed. Wings with a strong
brorunish yellow tinge, the prearcular, costal and stigrial field.sclearei
yellgw; stigmal region (male) much larger than in almafipennis; obliterative areastgty reducedl veins brownish yellow, clearer'yellow in the
more saturated portions. Costal border opposite
stigma strongly^Venation:"Rs
produced but not-spinous qs il
relativEty,armatipennis.
arcuated,about
one-half
longerihan
ftr-cu;R112
rr€&rly
perpen*ot!,
dicular, not connectingwith the main stem of R by veitt'Rr,as iJ common
in the genus; distance on costal margin between ftee iip of scz andR1a2n€?,rlyone-halfthe length of latter; cell Ist Mzvery Jmall; ""Il M,
longer than its petiole.
Abdominal tergiteg
with three nearly entire brown stripes-ye-ll.ory,that are more widened beh_ind;sternites yellow; hypopygium relati"lrv
Iargg, brownish yellorl. Male hypopygium with i6e ciuaal margin o"fle_rgite_with a small V-shaped mediin notch, the short acute laterallobes blackened,divergent, iet with numerous short setae; outer lateralshoulders of tergite with abundant long dark setae. Dististyle compressed,short and compact, subrectangularin outline; vential innerangle produced into a tail-like lobe that is tipped wiih conspicuous
setae. Gonapophysesshort and.stout, subtendingthe short ".d."grs;penis stout and conspicuoLrs.Eighth sternite lar[e and sheathing,"thecaudal m_argi1with a deep U-shapednotch, the cllindrical laterallobes
long.-produced;apex of each a ciicular cup, surrounded by a crown of
blackened spines; ventral surface at laterai margin with a small pale
lobule, but without spinouspoints.

Habitat: Paraguay. Holotype, & , San Bernardino (c.
Fiebrig) ; Vienna Museum
The present fly is closer to Tipula armatipennis Alexanderthan to T. inarmata Alexander, as shown by the atrophy ofvein Rr in the stigmal field of the male (though ptesumrbty
not in the female, as is the casein armatipennis) and in the verysmall cell lst M2. The but slightly produced costa is quitedistinct from the condition obtainin g in armatipenni.swhile thestructure of the male hypopygium is likewise entirely different.
Limonia Meigen
Limonia (Limonia) pernobilis sp. n.
__ Belongsto the insularis group; size very large (wing, mare, over
17 mm.);.generalcolorationpolishedblack; legi blact<,'thetips offemora, tibiae, and intermediatetarsal segmeits restrictedly'paleyellow; wings with apex very obtuse;wings bloadly seamed.
with dark

1e411

Alexander: IVeatCrane Flies249

brown, leaving the centers of the cells grayish; stigma large, deep
yellow; Sc long; free tip of Sczlying distad of level of R2; Rt+, preserved
as a long spur; rn-cubeforefork of.M.
Male.-Length, about 72-13 mm.; wing, 17.5-18.5mm.; antenna,
about 2.9-3 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black throughout; flagellar
segmentsshort-cylindrical, more elongatedoutwardly, with conspicuous
glabrous apical necks; verticils long and conspicuous,much exceeding
the segmentsin length; terminal segmentvery long, more than one-halflonger than the penultimate. Head black; anterior vertex narrower
than the diameter of scape.
Thorax uniformly polished black. Halteres black. Legs with thecoxae and trochanters black; femora yellowish brown, darkened outwardly, deepestjust before the narrow, pale yellow tips; tibiae black,the tips narrowly obscureyellow, the basesvery narrowly of the samecolor; tarsi black, the tip of basitarsus,all of segmenttwo and base of
segment three yellow; claws with a single conspicuoustooth. Wings
with apexvery obtuse;ground color of wings chiefly dark brown, appearing as very broad seamsto all the veins,leaving the centersof the cells
more grayish; stigmal area deep yellow, large and conspicuous,interrupted by dark seamsat outer end of vein R; veins brown, yellow in the
stigmal area. Venation: Sc long, Sct ending oppositefork of ,Rs,Sczat. its tip; free tip of Sczlying distad of level of R2, Rt+, preservedas a longstraight spur that exceedsRz in length; l?s nearly square at origin;veins Ra and Ra16very strongly decurved at outer ends,terminating ator beyond the wing-tip; cell l st M z subequalto vein M a beyond it;m,-cusomedistance before f.ork of.M.
Abdomen black, including the hypopygium, the more basal sternites
a little brightened.
Habitat: Peru. Ilolotype, d, Satipo, Junin, March 1, 1939
(P. Papruycki). Paratype, d, vicinity of Leonpampa, Huanuco,in jungle, altitude about 2,500 feet, December 7 , L937 (F.
Woytkowski).
Limonia (L'imonia) pernobilis is one of the most striking
species of the genus so far discovered. There is no described
species with which it can be confused.
Limonia (Limonia) limbinenris sp. n.
Belongs to the insularis group; general coloration dark brown, themesonotumvariegated with yellow, especiallymedially; legs black, thetips of femora, tibiae and basitarsi whitened; wings grayish, the veinsbroadly and conspicuouslyseamedwith brown to produce a streakedappearance;Sc1 ending about opposite two-thirds the length of Rs,'
rn-cu at or close to fork of.M; abdominal tergites brownish black, thesternites obscure yellow, the incisures darker; hypopygium black, therostral prolongation of the ventral dististyle long and narrow,boomerang-shaped.

250

Annals Entomologicalsociety0f America [vol. xxxlv,

Male.-Length, about 8 mm.; wing, g.5 mm.
F'emale.-Length, about 7 mm.; wing, 8.5 mm.
Rostrum obscureyellow; palpi black. Antennae black throughout;basal flagellar segments short-oval, the outer ones more elongatei
terminal.segmentunusually long, nearly twice the penultimate; 'oerticili
long and_conspicuous,
much exceedingthe segments,the longest ones
unilaterally arranged. Head obscure yellow in front, darkei behind;anterior vertex wide.
Pronotum obscure brownish yellow. Mesonotal praescutum brownish yelloy ryith two darker brown intermediate slripes on posterior
two-thirds of sclerite,the lateral stripesindistinct; scutum and stutellum
brownish black, broadly pale yellow medially; mediotergite
dark brown;
pleurotergite paler, especially on cephalic portion. Pleura yellow,
vaguely darker o-nposterior sternopleurite. Halteres brownish black, theextreme base of stem yellow. Legs with the coxae and trochanters
yellow; femora obscure yellow at base, passing into black, the tips
narrowly and abruptly sno\Mywhite; tibiae black, the tips white, in{egqee about twice as extensive as the femoral tips; fore basitarsi
darkened at proximal end, white at tips; posterior tarsi with basitarsus
and secondsegmentdarkenedbasally, white at tips; segmentsthree andfour pale yellowish white; terminal segmentbrownish black. Wings withthe ground color grayish, veins broadly and conspicuouslyseamedwith
brown to give a streaked appearanceto the wing, the anal veins less distinctly margined; veins brown. Venation: S'crending about oppositeor
beyond two-thirds the length of the long Rs, Sczat its tip; free fip of Sc2
and Rz in approximate transverse alignment; m-cu at or close tof.ork of. M.
Abdominal tergites brownish black; sternites obscure yellow, theincisures,especiallythe basal triangles, darkened; hypopygium black.
ovipositor with cerci slender,upcurved. Male hypopyiium wittr caudal
margin of tergite very gently emarginate. Lobe of basistyle simple,
with _longconspicuoussetae. Dorsal dististyle a straight rod, the apex
a trifle expanded,the acute tip decurved. Ventral dististyle with therostral prolongation long and narrow, boomerang-shaped. Gonapophyses with mesal apical lobe stout. Apex of aedeagus obtusbly
rounded.

Habitat: Peru. Holotype,c/, Satipo,Junin, March 1, 1939
(P. Paprzyckt). Allotopotype, Q, March 6, 1939.
Limonia (L'imonia) limbinervis is readily told from othermembersof the ,insularisgroup, having white rings on the legs,by the striped pattern of the wings and by the structure of themale hypopygium.
Limonia(Peripheroptera)
thiopterasp.n.
Head and abdomen polished black; mesothorax polished red, thecephalic two-thirds of the praescutum with a conspicuousblack medianarea, pointed behind; legs uniformly black; wings intense sulphuryellow, the color including the veins; costal vein narrowly but con-19411

Alexander: New CraneFlies

25r

spicuouslyblack; free tip of ,Sczsome distance before level of. R2; rnnerends of cells Rr, Rs and /sl Mzin transversealignment.
Male.-Length, about 8 mm.; wing, 11 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black throughout; flagellar
segmentsoval. Head polished black, the genae more reddish brown;
anterior vertex wide, exceedingthree times the diameter of scape.
Pronotum blackened medially, paling to reddish brown on sides.
Mesonotal praescutum reddish, the cephalic two-thirds with a conspicuous, polished black, median area, its point directed backward;
remainder of mesonotumand the pleura reddish. Halteres with stem
blackened, knob broken. Legs with coxae and trochanters reddish;remainder of legs black throughout. Wings of an intensesulphur-yellow
color, the costal vein to the point of termination of vein Ra.r-5
no.rrowly
but conspicuouslyblack; remainder of wing broader more narrowly andlessconspicuouslydarkened; m-cu and outer end of cell ./sl M 2 naffowl!
darkened,chiefly shownby a darkeningof the veins;remainderof veins
deep sulphur-yellow. Venation: Prearcular field relatively short; free
tip of Sc2somedistancebeforelevel of Rz; inner endsof cells JR3,Rs andIst M z in transversealignment;cell 1st Mz about equal in length to veinM+z beyond it; m-cu about one-third its length beyond the fork of M.
Abdomen, including hypopygium, polished black, the basal tergite
a little paler.
Habitat: Ecuador. Ilolotype, & , Minza Chica, Mount
Tungurahua, altitude t1,375 feet, April 13, 1939 (F. M. Brown).
L'imonia (Peripheroptera) th'ioptera is most nearly allied toL. (P.) prindlei Alexander, likewise from the vicinity of Mount
Tungurahua, which differs conspicuously in the black colorationof the body and in the distinct wing venation and pattern.
Limonia (Dicranomyia) cautinensissp. n.
Generalcoloration reddish yellow; antennaeblack, the scapeyellow;
head buffy yellow, the anterior vertex wide; haltereswith knob weakly
infumed; femora brownish yellow to pale brown; wings with a paleyellow tinge; cell M 2 openby atrophy of.m; male hypopygium with thetwo rostral spinesslightly separatedat base;ovipositor with cerci short,the hypovalvae short and deep.
Male.-Length, about 6.5 mm.; wing, 7.5 mm.
Iiemale.-Length, about 6.5 mm.; wing, 8 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae with scapeyellow, pedicel andflagellum black; flagellar segmentspassing through short-oval to oval;
terminal segment longer than the penultimate. Head buffy yellow;
anterior vertex wide.
Thorax uniformly reddish yellow, without markings. Halteres withstem yellow, knob weakly infumed. Legs with coxae and trochanters
yellow; femora brownish yellow to pale brown; tibiae brown; tarsi
brownish black. Wings with a pale yellow tinge; stigma lacking or
barely darkened; veins yellowish brown. Venation: Sc short, Scr ending
opposite origin of -Rs,Scr far from its tip, so Scr alone exceedsthree-

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fourths the length of Rs,'cell Mz open by atrophy of rn,; m-cu a shortdistance before fork of.M.
Abdomen obscure yellow. Male hypopygium with the ventral
dististyle much larger than the basistyle; rostral prolongation of moderate size,narrowedat tip;two separaterostral spines,at baseparted bya distance about equal to their own diameter, the outer spine a little
shorter, both spinesbent slightly backward but nearly straight. Dorsal
dististyle a gently curved rod, the tip narrowed to an acute point.
Gonapophyseswith mesal apical lobe relatively long, the outer margin
microscopicallytoothed. Ovipositor with the cerci short and relatively
stout, a little shorter than the small deep hypovalvae.

Habitat: Chile. Ilolotype, & , Termas Rio Blanco, Cura
Cautin, Cautin, altitude 3,415 feet, March 28, 1938 (D. S.
Bullock) . Allotopotype, Q, March 26, 1938. Paratopotype, &,March 29, 1938.
Limonia (Dicranomyia) cautinensis is readily told fromL. (D.) ambigua Alexander, the only other described regional
species of the subgenus having cell Mz of the wings open, by
the yellow coloration and by the structure of the malehypopygium.
Limonia (Dicranomyia)flavaperta sp. n.
Generalcoloration yellow; antennaewith scapeyellow, flagellum
brownishblack; legs yellow, the terminal tarsal segmentsblackened;wings with a stron[ y!ilo* ti.rge; Scr about one-halFRr, cell Mz open
by the atrophy of.m; male hypopygiumwith the rostral prolongationof the ventral dististylevery small,with two spinesof moderatelength;
dorsal dististyle a strongly curved sickle; gonapophyses
with mesal
apical lobes slender,the margins smooth; ovipositor with cerci andhypovalvaelong and slender.
Male.-Length, about 7 mm.; wing, 8 mm.
Female.-Length,about8 mm.; wing, 9.5 mm.
Rostrum yellow; first segmentof palpusyellow,the outer segments
black. Antennaewith scapeobscureyellow, pedicelbrownishyellow;
flagellumbrownishblack; basalflagellarsegmentsshort-oval,the outer
onesmore elongate. Head obscureyellow, with a sparsegray bloom;
anteriorvertex wide.
Pronotumobscureyellow. Mesonotumyellow,the praescutumwith
vague indicationsof brownish stripes, especiallyof the median one.
Pleurayellow. Halterespale. Legsyellow,the terminaltarsal segments
blackened.Wings with a strong yellow tinge; stigmapoorly indicated,deeperyellow; veins yellow. Venation: ,Scrending about oppositethe
origin of Rs, Scza relatively short distancefrom its tip, Scraloneabout
one-halfRs; cell M2 openby atrophy of rn; tn-cuat or very closeto
f.ork of.M.
Abdomen yellow, including hypopygium. Male hypopygium withthe ventral dististyle more extensive than the basistyle; rostral pro-

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longation very small, with two spinesof moderatelength, placedclose
together at near midlength. Dorsal dististyle a strongly curved sickle,
the tip narrowly obtuse. Gonapophyses
with mesalapical lobesslender,
gently curved, their margins smooth. Ovipositor with both cerci andhypovalvaelong and slender,the former gently upcurved.
Habitat: Chile. Ilolotype, d , Termas Rio Blanco, Cura
Cautin, Cautin, altitude 3,415 feet, March 26, 1938 (D. S.
Bullock). Allotopoty/e, 9, March 28, 1938.
Limon'ia (Dicranomy'ia) fl.auaperta is closest to L. (D .)cautinensfs sp. n., which is the nearest ally. It is readily toldby the more intensely yellow wings, with Scr shorter, by the
structure of the male hypopygium, and by the long slendervalves of the ovipositor.
Pedicia Latreille
Pedicia (Tricyphona)guttistigmasp. n.
Generalcolorationbrown, the praescutumwith three slightly darker
brown stripes,the medianonedarker in central portion; halteresbrownish testaceous;legs yellow, the terminal tarsal segmentsdarker; wings
subhyaline, the subcircular stigma dark brown; a brown cloud on
anteriorcord; cell .1slMz closed;cell Mtwith short petiole;male hypopygium with apex of basistyleproducedinto a triangular earlike point;interbasalrod a strong flattenedblade.
Male.-Length, about 6.5 mm.; wing, 8 mm.
Rostrum and palpi brown. Antennaewith scapeand pedicelblack;flagellumbroken beyond the first segment. Head dark gray.
Mesonotum almost uniformly brown, the praescutumwith threeslightly darker brown stripes,the central portion of the medianone still
darker; centers of scutal lobes darkened. Pleura medium brown.
Halteresbrownishtestaceous,the baseof stem a trifle brightened. Legs
with coxae testaceousyellow; trochanters yellow; remainder of legs
yellow, the two terminal tarsal segmentsdarker. Wings subhyaline;
stigma subcircular,dark brown, situated above midlength of Rz+sand
far before Rz; a conspicuousbrown cloud on anterior cord, extending
from the fork of R2a31a
to the fork of M; more basal veins yellow, atnear midlength veins passinginto brown. Venation: Sczsomedistance
beforeorigin of Rs; ftz+a+rvariable,in onewing of type presentas a very
short elemcntthat is subequalto the basalsectionof R5,in the opposite
wing lacking, cell l?s being sessile
i Rz slightly oblique, subequalto
R+6 cell -1sl/12 closed,narrowedat proximal end; cell Mr with petiole
short, subequalto or shorter than rn; m-cu a little less than its own
length beyond f.ork of.M.
Abdomendark brown, the caudalbordersof the segmentssomewhat
paler. Male hypopygium with the apex of basistyleproduced into asmall triangular earlike point; interbasal rod a strong, gently curved,
flattened blade, gradually narrowed to the acute tip, the outer edgesclerotized,providedwith numeroussmall setae,the inner margin paling

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to a hyalinemembranewhoselimits are hard to determineon a microscopeslide.
Habitat: Chile. Holotype, d , Angol, October 18, 1935
(D. S. Bullock).
Allied to Pedicia (Tricyphona) pl,atyptera Alexander, ofChiloe Island, south Chile, differing in the inconspicuous
praescutal strip€s, dark brown cloud on anterior cord of wing,
and in the structure of the male hypopygium, especially thebasistyle and the interbasal process.