657
Alerander: Tipu,Iidae of Rancho Grand,e, Venezueln

33

Reprdnted.lrom Tnol.mtce,, Seientifto Contributiotts of the New York Zoologiaal Socicty,
Vol. 36,Part l, Ayrdl17,1e60,

2.
The Tipulidae (Order Diptera) of Rancho Grande,
North-central Venezuela.l
Cnitnl,ns P. Alnxaxonn.
.Proi essorof Entomologg, Uniaersity of M assachusetts.
(Text-figures1-39).
lThis is one of a series of papers resulting
from the 46th,46th and 4?th Expeditions of the
Department of Tropical Research of the New
York ZoologicalSociety,made during 1945,1946
and 1948 under the direction of Dr William
Beebe,with headquarters at Rancho Grande in
the National Park of Aragua, Venezuela. The
expeditionswere made possiblethrough the generous cooperation of the National Governmentof Venezuelaand of the Creole Petroleum Corporation.

area have been detailed in two important
Papersby Beebeand Crane.s. The Tipulidae of Venezuelaare still very
insufficiently known despite somewhat in-t_ensive-collecting and study of the groupduring the past severalyears. The writer ha-s
published a total of nine reports that summarize what is known of this fauna to theyear 1948. These papers bear the general
title of "New or little-known Tipulidae from
(Diptera)," and were published
Venezuela[The characteristics of the research area arein brief as follows: Rancho Grande is located inin the Boletin de Entomologia Venezolona,
nolth-central Venezuela (10. 21' N. Lat., 67o4l'
Caraeas,between1943and 1947,as followsi
W. Long.), 80 kilometers west of Caracas,atPart I-Vol.2: 17-26;1943.Part II-Vol.
an elevation of 1,100meters in the undisturbed 2: 725-144.5 figs.; 1943. Part
III-Vol. 3:
montane rain forest which covers this part of
35-50,
8
1944.
figs.
Part
IV-Vol.
3: 143;the- Caribbean range of the Andes. Aiijacentecological zonesinclude seasonalforest. savan- 160, 5 figs.; 1944.Part V-Vol. 8: 171-192,
5 figs.; 1944.Part VI-Vol. 4: 59-80,6 fiss.;
na, thorn woodland, cactus scrub, th6 fresh1945.Part VII-Vol. 6: 37-54,5figs.;1947.
water lake of Valencia and various marine
littoral zones.The Rancho Grande area is -andPart VIII-VoI. 6 : 55-74,14 figs.; 1947.Pafi
sene-rally subtropical, being uniformly cool
IX-Vol. 6: 74-106,13 figs.; 1947.
damp thr-oughoutthe year beeauseof the prevaThe above-citedpapers record a total oflence of the mountain cloud cap. The dry season 180speciesof Tipulidae
from Venezuela,inextends from January into Airil. The bverace
cluding
severalfrom
RanchoGrande that
humidity during th-e expeditions, includii'cp-arts of both wet and dry seasons,was 92.4%o1 have beenincorporated in the present report
Various additional
the average temperature during th6 sameperiod to assure completeness.
species,not included in the paper, are fromwas 18" C; the averagfeannual rainfall over a
five-year period was 174 cm. The flora is marked other stations in Aragua, specifically Choby an abundanceof mosses,ferns and epiphytes roni. It may be expectedthat severalof theseqf -aly linds, as well as a few gigantif tiees.
latter specieswill be found at RanchoGrandeFor- further details, see Beebe and Crane, and that many further novelties may be disZoologica,Vol. 32, No. 5, 194?.Unless otherwisd
stated, the specimensdiscussedin the present covered as a result of continued collecting.
Despite the earlier work done at Rancho
paper were taken in the montane cloud forest
zone,within a radius of one kilometer of Raneho Grande,it is of interest to note that no fewer
than 24 speciesare characterized as new at
Grande.lthis time out of a total of 76 reported fromI am very greatly indebted to Dr. \Milliam
RanchoGrandeand vicinity.
Beebe and Mr. Henry Fleming, of the DeI wish to expressmy sincere thanks to Dr.
partment of Tropical Research of the New
Beebe,Mr. Fleming, and others who have coYork Zoological Society, for the opportunity
operatedactively in securing the Tipulidae
of studying: a large and important series ofherein considered.I am particularly indebted
crane-flies taken in 1945, 1946 and 1948 at
to Dr. Beebefor permitting me to retain theand near Rancho Grande. A most interesting
specimensupon which this report is based,account of the region is provided by Dr.
illuclins the types of the novelties.
Beebe's recently published book, High Jungle.2 The physiography and ecology of the
1 Contribution No. 870, Departmentof Troplcal Reeearch,
New York Zoological Society.
2 Beebe, William. High Jungle, 8?9 Dsges (Duelt, Sloan& Pearce).

I Beebe. 'William. & Joeel:'n Cranelgd?. Eeolocy of Raneho Grande, a gubtropieal eloud
forest in northerrr Venezuela. Zoologico,32: 43-60, 6 pls.,
10 text-ffgures ; bibliography.
1948. Eeologia de Ranebo Grande, una setva nublada
subtropical en el Norte de Venezuela. Bol. Soc. Veaea. Cict.
Nat., 1l l 217-258, 6 pls., l0 text-figures.

34

Zoologica: New York Zoological Society

Ttrulttrtt.
l r o c i y p r c m n aO s t e nS a c k e n , . , . , , , : , ,dfspeflens(IVillkerj 1860). il. Brachypremno
Tiputa dispellens Walker; Trans. Ent.
Soc.London, (n.s.) 5: 334; 1860.
27, L944,collected
Rancho Grande, August-having-an- -unusually
by Lichy. A species
wide distribution in the New World, ranging
from the United States (New Jersey, Indiana and Illinois), through Mexico andCentral America to Brazil. It is known from
Trinidad but is lacking elsewhere in theWest Indian islands,in fhe Greater Antilles
being replaced by Brachgprem'na unicolor
Osten Sacken.
rlnlffs Williston, 1900.
2. Brachypremno
Brachgpremnn similis Williston; Bi-ol.
Cenli.-Americana, Diptera, I, Supplement: 229; 1900.
Rancho Grande, May 20, 1946.Elsewhere
in Venezuelafrom Caho del Tigre, Merida,
from
September, 1943 (Anduze). iyp.
Te-apa,Tabasco, Mexico, collected !v H. 11.
Smiltr. Known. from Mexico, Nicaragua,
Costa Rica, Panama and Venezuela.
3. Erachypremno ldonguforls Alexander,
1945.
BraehEpremna arcuart'a tri,angularis
AlexanderI BoI. Ent. Venezolana,4z60-61; 1945.
Rancho Grande, May ll-JulY 20, 1946;
one pair taken in coitu while flyin-g. Mt.
Limon, 1500 meters, May 23, 1948. Known
only fiom this vicinity, where the t_ypewas
tak-enat Rancho Grande on August 27, L944,
by Lichy. Mos.t nearly -allied- to Brachgyrernna areuaria, Alexander, of Amazonian
Ecuador.

Ifcpirofomc[35:2
Meigen.

6. :IVcplrofonc nedlollgufo Alexander, 1945.

' N ephrotonnmedioligulaAlexander; Bol.
69, fis.2; 1946.
Ent. Venezolo,na,4:RanchoGrande,May 17, 1948,giMay 24,
1948,8 ; July 17,1948,9.The typewastaken
here on August 27, 1944,by Liehy. Still
known only from the type locality.
TlpulaLinnaeus.
7. Tlpula l9cllardlnal fleobromlnc Edwards,

1920.
Ti'pula theobromino Edwards i M em. Mus.
Paris, Arc de M6ridien Equatorial,
Dipteres N6matocdres,10 (2): 159160,fig.21 (ovipositor); 1920.
Rancho Grande, June 18, 1946, 6. Now
known from Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and
Bolivia. The type, from Ecuador,had no distinct pale ring on the femora but regional
material shows such an annulus that varies
in width and distinctness in different specimens. Becauseof the rather constant structure of the male hypopygium, I am referring
all such specimensto the presentspecies.The
identity of Tipula obliquefasciata Macquart,
1846,still remains in question and may well
be found to pertain to the present fly.
8. flpula lMlcroilpulal flchyonc Alexander,
1945.
Tipula (Mierotipula) lichyana, Alexander; Bol. Ent. Ven'ezolana,4:71, ffgs.
3,4;1945.
RanchoGrande,May 23-June14, 1948,migrant. The type was from here, taken MayAugust, 1944,by Lichy, for whom the species
was named. Still known only from the type
locality.

9. Tlpulo lNlccoilpulol regresso,sp. n.
Mesonotum obscure brownish-yellow,
vaguely patterned with pale brown; antennae with flagellum black, the extreme tips ofthe more proximal segments restrictedly
pale; wings with a weak brownish tinge, cells
C and Sc, with the stigma, darker bqowni
male hypopygium with caudal margin of
ninth t6igile unequally trilobed, the lateral
Iobesslender,the medianlobelow and broad;eighth sternite yellow, sheathing, narrowed
to the broadly obtusetip.
Male: Length about11mm.; wing 12mm.;
antenna about 5 mm.
Holornlc Ioew.
Frontal prolongation of head yellow; nasu_s
shortand- stout, distinct; palpi yellowish
plagllcro
Alexander,
5. HoloruslslHoloruslol
testaceous.
Antennae (male) relatively long,1943.
as shown by the measurements; scape,pediHolontsi.a (Holoru,sia) plagifero Alex- cel and baseof first flagellar segmentyellow;
ander; BoI. Ent. Venezolana,2: 125- flagellum black, the extreme tips of the more
127; L948.
proximal segments restrictedly palei flagelRanchoGrande,March 27,1946,99; June lar segments very weakly incised, much
22,1946,8; July 18, 1946,6; May 8, 1948,8. longer than the verticils. Head with the front
The type was taken here on June 24, t944, whitened, the posterior portions brownishby Lichy. Still known only from the type yellow, the center of the posterior vertex still
darker brown; sides of vertex with numerous
Iocality.

TanyprcmaaOsten Sacken.
4. Tanyprcmna lTanypremnal lodenl Alexander, 1941.
Tanypremna (Tangpremna) kafl'eni Alexander; Ann. Ent. Soc.America, S4z
232-233; 1941.
Rancho Grande, June 24, 1945. The type
was from Venezuela, without more exact
geographical data, collectedin August, 185?,bv earl Gotthelf Kaden. Also known from
Rio Chacaito,Miranda, July 16, 1939 (VivasBerthier). Still known only from Venezuela.

f9501of RanchoGrande, Venezuela
Aleuander: TiPtt'li'd'ae

black setae; vertical tubercle lacking or bareIy indicated.
Pronotum light brown, paling to yellow
on sides. Mesonotal praescutum obscurebrownish-yellow,vaguely patterned with pale
brown, the markings irregular and scarcely
apparent; scutumbrownish-yellow; posteriorsclerites of notum somewhatclearer yellow.
Pleura and pleurotergite clear light yellow.
Halteres with stem yellow, knob infuscated.
Legs with the coxae and trochanters paleyellow; femora brownish-yellow to pale
brown, the bases clear yellow; tibiae andtarsi slightly darker brown; claws (male)
toothed.Wings with a weak brownish tinge.
cells C and ,Sc, with the stigma, darker
brown; prearcular field relatively pale; restricted pale areas before stigma and acrosseell lst Mr; veins brown. No macrotrichia onsquamaor in wing cells.Venation: Rs gently
arcuated, about one-half longer than Rg'r;vein Rrr: entire; petiole of cell Mr less than
two times m: m-c1.t,
at near three-fourths thelength of Ms-+;cellZnd A of moderatewidth.
Abdomen with the basal segments obscure yellow, the third and succeedingsegments chiefly infuscated,the caudalmargins
restrictedly pale; subterminal segments,including six, sevenand baseof eighth sternite
dark brown to form a ring; hypopygium yellow. Male hypopygium (Text-fig. 1) with theninth tergite, 9f, subequal in length andwidth; caudalmargin unequallytrilobed, including slender lateral lobes that are tippedwith about four black spinous setae, and a
low broad median lobe with more numerous
setae; in the slide mount, theselobesare bent
backward or cephalad,possibly not a natural
condition; proctiger a slender pale lobe,
curved and slightly enlarged at tip. Both dististyles blackened and sclerotized, shaped
about as in figure d; beak of inner styleslender, lower beak acute. Eighth sternite,
8s, yellow, sheathing, narrowed to the broadly obtuse tip, the outer part with pale inconspicuous setae.Appendage of ninth sternite,
9s, appearing as two pale elongate lobes or
blades, at apex more expanded,the surface,and especiallythe margins, with numerous
fimbriations.
Holotype, 6, Rancho Grande, April 23,
1946 (Beebe-Fleming).
The most similar described species are
Tiru,Ia (M i.croti.pula) inaequi.lobata Alexander and ?. (M.) prolini.sterna Alexander,
which differ particularly in the structure of
the male hypopygia.
10. Tlpula lMlcrotlpulol poralealo,Sp. 11.
General coloration of thorax pale brown,
the praescutum with four scarcelydifrerentiated more brownish-yellow stripes; antennae(male) elongate, flagellar segments beyond
the first black; male hypopygium with thecaudal border of tergite produced into a depressed-flattenedmedian lobe, on either sideof the apex of which with about a dozen
blackenedspinous setae; appendageof ninth

36sternite appearing as two flattened divergent
lobes, densely fimbriate.
Male: Length about 13.5-14mm.; wing 13mm.; antennaabout 9.5 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head obscureyellow; nasus long and conspicuous; palpi
elongate, yellow, the first segment and apexof the last a trifle more darkened.Antennae(male) elongate,as shown by the measurements; basalthree segmentsyellow,succeeding segmentsblack; flagellar segmentselongate, very gently incised; longestverticils alittle more than one-third the segments.
Head brown; anterior vertex broad, aboutfour times the diameter of the scape;orbital
setae numerous, short and black, directed
laterad.
Pronotum yellowish-brown. Mesonotal
praescutum pale brown, with four scarcely
difrerentiatedmore brownish-yellowstripes ;posterior scleritesof notum more uniformly
brown. Pleura and pleurotergite pale yellow,
unpatterned.Halteres elongate,stem brown,knob a trifle darker. Legs with the coxaeand
trochanters pale yellow; femora brownishyellow, tibiae and tarsi darker, brownishblack; claws (male) with a very small, acutetooth at near midlength. Wings with a weakbrownish tinge; stigma oval, dark brown;
cell Sc brownish-yellow;a scarcelyindicateddark cloud over the anterior cord; veins darkbrown. Venation: Sc, ending about opposite
midlength of Rs, the latter subequalin length
to m-cu; Rr*z pr€s€rved; petiole of cell Mr
a little longer than m; basal section of M*
relatively long, perpendicular; cell Znd A
moderatelywide.
Abdominal tergites brown, the subterminal onesdarker to form a more or lessdistinct
ring; remaining sternites and the hypopygium chiefly yellow. Male hypopygium withthe tergite subequal in length and breadth,the eaudal margin gently concaveon the central portion, very unequallytrilobed; laterallobes very slender, each tipped with one or
two strong spinoussetae; median lobebroad,the apex slightly produced, on either sidewith about a dozensimilar blackenedspinous
setae, the actual apex glabrous. Proctiger
without blackened points. Basistyle with ablackened lobe on mesal face near cephalicend. Outer dististyle a flattened lobe, narrowed at ba^se,the tip obtuse, the surface
with strong scattered setae. Inner dististylewith the beak flattened, its tip obtuse; lower
beak extended into an acute point. Eighthsternite relatively short, not sheathing. Appendage of ninth sternite appearing as two
separate short flattened lobes,expandedoutwardly, the apex of each subtruncate; outersurface and margin with very abundant
elongate fimbriations.
Holotype, I , La Suiza, Turrialba, Costa
Rica, May, 1919 (Pablo Schild); Alexander
Collectionthrough A. L. Melander.Paratype,6, Mount Limon, Aragua, Venezuela,1600
meters, May 23, 1948; (Beebe-Fleming).
The most similar of the described species

36

Zoologicrr,:Neu York Zoological Societg

is Tipula (Mierotipu,la) neolenta Alexander,
1945 (Iento Alexander,preoccupied),whieh
has the antennaemuch shorter and with alldetails of the male hypopygium quite distinct. In the general features of the ninth
tergite, the fly also suggosts speciessuch as
T. (A. ) heterodactElaAlexanderand f . @.)i,rm,equilobata.Llexander, but all other details of structure of the hypopygiumare distinct.
11. Tlpulo lEunlcrotipulalaidon Alexander,t947.
Tipula (Eumicrotipula) a4don Alex-[35:2

ander; Bol. Ent. Venezolana,6:80-82,
fig.3; 1947.
RanchoGrande,August 7,L946.Type likewise from here, taken June 10, 1945, by
Lichy. Still known only from the type local-

itv.

12. Tlpulo lEunlcrollpulolandromocie,
sp. n.
(wing,
male,9 mm.); antennae
Size small
one-third the length of wing, scapeand pedicel yellow, flagellum uniformly black; mesonotum yellowish-gray, the praescutumwith abroad brown median stripe; lateral stripes
paler,their anterior endscurved laterad into

ffi\r,

f : , ';.. : 1: :. i i : , ' /\ l -p r

sr\::,'''i';':,:';J\=),--

I

9r'Iu:rt-r'rcs. 1-8. (Symbols: o, aedeagusl b, basistyle; g, gonapophysis; t, tergitel t1d,
(Microtipu.la) regressa, sP. n.1 male hypopygium, details.
ventral dististyle) . l-Tipula
Z-Tipula (Eumicrotipu,la) araguensis, sp. n.; male hypopygium, details. \-Limonio(Limonia) thamyri,s,sp.n.; venation. A-Limonia (Rhipidia) breoipetalia,.sP.l:i ve4qtion. 6-Zimonia (Dieranomaia) serratiloba, sp. n.; venation. $-Limonia (Limonia_)
thamyris, sp. n.; male hypopygium. 1-Limonia (Rhipi.dia) breaipetalia, sP. tr.; malehypopygium. 8-Limonia (Dicranomyia) sematiloba, sp. tr.; male hypopygium.

19501

Alenander: Tiptlidae of Rancho Grande, Venezuela

the margin; legs blackened,the femora witha narrow yellow subterminal ring; claws(male) small and simple; wings cream-yellow, marbled with pale brown, cell Sc withfour darkened areas that are more extensive
than the interspaces; distal ends of outerradial cells uniformly darkened; outer cellsof wing with sparse macrotrichia; male hypopygium with the tergite transverse, thecaudal margin truncate, on either side of
midline with a small triangular point.
Male: Length about 8 mm.; wing 9 mm.;
antenna about 3 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head above lightyellow, infuscated on sides and beneath;nasusdistinct; palpi with basalsegmentdark
brown, segmentstwo and three weakly darkened basally, paler at tips, terminal segment
whitened. Antennae with scapeand pedicel
pale yellow, the flagellum abruptly and uniformly blackened; antennae of moderate
length, as shown by the measurements; flagellar segments subcylindrical, much longer
than their verticils. Head above pale yellowish brown, clearer yellow on the front and anterior vertex, the latter broad, its tubercle
very low and inconspicuous.
Pronotum obscureyellow medially, weakly infuscatedon sides.Mesonotalpraescutum{rittr ttre ground yellowish-graY,with a broad
brown median stripe that is more expandedin front; lateral stripes somewhatpaler but
extensive, at anterior ends curved laterad tothe margin; posterior scleritesof notum infuscated and pruinose, the scutellum moretestaceous. Pleura chiefly BraV, the propleura and pteropleurite. more yellowed.
Halteres with stem yellow"knob infuscated.
Legs with the coxae grayish, the fore pairpale yellow; trochanters yellow; femora yelIowed basally, passing into brown, the tips
black, precededby a yellow ring of about onehalf their width; tibiae and tarsi brownish
black; claws (male) small and simple.Wings
cream-yellow, marbled with pale brown;
stigma and subcostal interspaces darker
brown; outer portion of cell C infuscated,paler nearer h; disk of wing chiefly pale, thedarkened clouds being chiefly marginal in
distribution, involving the distal one-third to
one-half of the outer radial cells,this part ofcell Es uniformly dark; further pale brownareascrossingthe disk at near midlength andagain just before outer end of cellsR and M ;a darkened cloud over fork of Mtz; cell
2nd A uniformly pale brown; veins brown,
yellow in the subcostalinterspaceswhich aresmaller than the four darkenedareas.Sparse
macrotrichia in outer ends of cells R;rto Mq
inclusive, very restricted in cells M:r and,M+.
Venation: Compared with irnmerens, Rz,sshorter and more oblique; cell lst Mz
smaller; rn-eu on Ma some distance beyond
origin of latter; cellZnd,A narrower.
Abdomen with the basal tergite pale, thesucceedingsegmentsbrown, the subterminal
segments even darker; hypopygium weakly
darkened. Male hypopygium with the tergite

3?

transverse, the caudal margin truncate, on
either side of midline with a small triangularpoint, the small area between broadty Ushaped. Outer dististyle small, with longsetae.Inner dististyle with the beak elongate,
pale, the shorter lower beak blackened,narrow; dorsal crest scarcely evident, weakly
elevated, with pale setae and longitudinalfurrows or impressed lines. Long slenderdusky bladelike rods from the genital chamber appear to represent gonapophyses.
Holotype, 8, Rancho Grande, April 24,
1948, resting on tree trunk (Beebe-Fleming); No. 4873.
Allied to T'ipula (Eum,i,crotipu,la) imrnerens Alexander, likewise from Venezuela,differing in the small size, uniformly darkened
antennal flagellum, and in the pattern anddegree of trichiation of the wings.
13. Tlpulo lEumlcrotipulolcroguensls,sp. n.
Belongs to the mon;ili,feragroup; mesonotum almost uniformly light cinnamon brown,
the normal stripes not or poorly indicated;
antennae (male) a little less than one-halfthe length of wing, the flagellar segments
weakly bicolored; wings marbled; abdomenof male obscure orange or buffy, the basal
segments very slightly patterned withdarker, the subterminal segmentsdeepening
in color to form a darkened ring; male hypopygium with the tergal lobes produced into
slender blades at their mesal angle; innerdististyle with the setae of the dorsal crest
relatively weak, scattered, all straight;
eighth sternite with the median lobe verysmall, low hemispherical in outline.
Male: Length about 13-14mm.; wing 1516.6mm.; antenna about 7-8 mm.
Female: Length about 2L-22 mm.; wing
16-1? mm.
Frontal prolongation of head light to medium brown, more pruinose at base; nasus
distinct; palpi dark brown. Antennae (male)
relatively long, as shown by the measurements; scapeand pedicellight yellow, flagellum weakly bicolored, the stems light brown,
the abrupt basal swellings brownish-black.
Head light gray, with a conspicuouscapillary brown vitta on vertex, the sides of theposterior vertex more extensively paler
brown; vertical tubercle scarcely developed.
Mesonotum almost uniformly light cinnamon brown, more or less gray pruinose,
praescutalstripes not or scarcelyindicated;posterior sclerites of notum and the pleura
more yellowed. Halteres with stem pale, knob
infuscated.Legs brownish-yellow,the femoral tips more infuscated; remainder of legs
passing through brown to dark brown. Wingof type whitish-subhyaline, with an extensive
but weakly contrasted brown pattern that isarranged about as in other members of thegroup; the other specimensof the type series
have the dark pattern much heavier and contrasted. Venation: Rs a little more than
twice n?.cu; tip of vein Br*z pale but entire;

Zoologica: Neut York ZoologicalSocietg

t35z2(Eumi.crotipula)
toaarensis
Tipulacell lst M, rclatively small, irregularly penpetiole
Alexander;
Bol. Ent. Venezolana,6ztagonal; tn-cu before fork of My+i
40-42,fis. L;1947.
of cell Mr shorter than m.
male
Basal abdominal segmentsof
chiefly
RanchoGrande,August 24, L944,collectedobscureorange to light brownish yellow, not by Lichy. Still known only from the type loor scarcelypatterned, the sixth and succeed- cality.
ing segmentsdeepening in color to form a
LruoNrrur.
dark brown ring; outer portion of hypopygium somewhat paler, brownish-yellow. In
Llmonla Meigen.
the female, abdomen more elongated; ter- 17. Llmonlo ILlmoniol ollarol (Alexander,
gites with a conspicuoussublateral dark1922).
brown stripe on either side, these more
alf aroi, Alexander; Proc.
Dicranomgi,awidened behind. Male hypopygium (TextNot.
Mus.,60,
Art.25z2-3;L922.
U.
S.
fig. 2) with the tergal lobes, 9t, at mesal
1946.
The type was
RanchoAug.8,
Grande,produced
angle
into a slenderflattenedblade;dorsal surface of tergite furrowed. Dorsal from San Jos6,CostaRica, taken October7,
dististyle with outer half dilated. Inner dis- 1920,by Alfaro. The typical form of the spetistyle, id, relatively long and narrow; setae cies ranges from southern Mexico to Veneof the scarcely developeddorsal crest rela- zuela.
tively weak, scattered, all straight, not an- 18. Llmonlq lLlmonlol funoso (Alexander,
gularly bent as in allied species.Gonapo7912).
physes, g, with apical lobes unequal, the?Furcom.yio
fumosa Alexanderi Can.
lower one a slenderdecurvedspinouspoint.
3
6
4 ,f i g . ; 1 9 1 2 .
E
n
t
.
,
4
4
:
Appendageof ninth sternite an oval lobe,the9, 1937,collectedby
RanchoGrande,Junelongest setaeexceedingthe diameter of thewas taken at
The
type
Vivas-Berthier.
thelobe. Eighth sternite, 8s, transverse,
caudal margin gently and evenly convex,the Amatuk, British Guiana, July 14, 1911,by
medianlobevery small,low-hemisphericalin F. E. Lutz. Still known only from Venezuela
shape, the setae much longer than the lobe and British Guiana.
itself.
lllmonial onomo,sp. n.
Holotype,6, RanchoGrande,July 18, 1946 19. Llmonls
pleura yellow, with a broad
Thoracic(Beebe-Fleming). Allotopotype, 9, May 3,
stripe; front of head sillongitudinalbrown
1948.Paratopotypes,1 8, in copulaand pinned with allotype; other 69, May 9-16,1948; very, the posteriorpart dark brownish-gray;paratype, of 6, Mount Limon, 1500meters, legs dark brown; wings subhyaline,conspicMay 23, 1948 (Beebe-Fleming).One pair, uously patterned with brown, including ataken in copula,were resting on the exposed quadrate atea at origin of Rs, stigma andbroad seamsover cord and outer end of cellroot of a tree growing on a steepbank.
There are several similar regional mem- Lst Mz; no darkeningat arculusbut with one
bers of the monilifera group, including at near one-fourth the length of cell .B; ScrTi,pula (Eumicrotipula) chacopata Alex- endingaboutoppositemidlengthof Bs; basalA
ander, ?. (8.) inaequidensAlexander, T. section of vein .R+.rangulated; vein Znd
margin.
into
the
bent
strongly(8.) infi,nita Alexander, and f . @.) palenca
Female: Length about 7 mm.; wing 8.3
Alexander, all of which differ from the presantennaabout 1.5mm.
mm.;
ent species and among themselves in theblack; palpi brownish-black.AnRostrum
particustructure of the male hypopygium,tennaeblack
throughout; basal flagellar seglarly the tergite, inner dististyle, gonapothe outer ones
ments
short-subcylindrical,
physis and lobe of the eighth sternite.
passing through oval to elongate; terminal
L4. Tlpula lEumlcrollpulolcrlsfolo Alexander, segmentnearly twice as long as the penulti1945.
mate ; longestverticils unilaterally arranged,
Tipula (Eumicrotipula) cri,stata Alex- exceeding the segments,excepting the terander ; B oL Ent. V enezolana,4 : 72-74, minal one. Head dark brownish-gray; front
fig.6; 1946.
and anterior vertex silvery, the latter reRancho Grande, September 13, 1944, col- ducedto a linear strip.
Pronotum brownish-yellow. Mesonotum
lectedby Lichy; types. Still known only fromlight brown, the lateral portions of praethe type locality.
scutumrestrictedly paler. Pleura yellow,with
15. Tlpulo lEumlcro|lpulallnfinlta Alexander, a broad brown longitudinal stripe extendingt945.
from the cervical region to the base of abdoTipula (Eurni,crotipula) infinita Alex- men, passing beneath the root of halteres.
ander ; Bol, Ent. V enezolana,4: 7 6-78, Halteres brown, base of stem restrictedly
brightened, knob brownish-black.Legs with
fig.6; 1946.
Rancho Grande, April, 1944, collectedby all coxae and trochanters pale yellow; reLichy; type. Still known only from the type mainder of legs dark brown, the femoral
basesnot or scarcelybrightened. Wings withlocality.
the ground subhyaline, with a conspicuous
16. Tlpulo lEumlcrollpulol lovorensis Alex- brown pattern that includes a quadrate area
ander, 1947.
at origin of .Es, stigpa, and broad Beamr

19501

Alerander:

Tipuli.d,ae of Rancho Grande, Venezueln

39

Pronotum brownish-yellow,pruinose. Mesover cord and outer end of cell lst Mz; otherdarkenings include a circular area over fork onotal praescutumwith the ground grayishof Sc, not touching the one at origin of Rs; pruinose, patterned irregularly with dark
spots at ends of both Anal veins, that at Znd brown, the broader median stripe entire on
A larger; a cloud at about one-fourth the the posterior third, in front branching into
length of cell R, in transverse alignment with four narrow lines; Iateral stripes similarly
the end of vein Znd A; no darkening at areu- narrow; scutal lobesdark brown, the medianlus; small marginal cloudson veins Rs, R4*6, area narrowly more silvery, the line conMs, M+ and Cu, scarcely evident on the veins '"inuedcaudadonto the scutellum; remainder
near wing-tip; in outer radial fieltl with a of the latter brown, margined with darker
narrow subapical cloud in cells Rg and Ra; brown; central portion of mediotergite darkveins brown, Sc brighter. Venation: Sc long, brown, the lateral margins yellow. Pleura
Scr ending beyond midlength of Rs, Sc2near and pleurotergitestriped longitudinally with
its tip; Rs long, square at origin; inner end brownish-yellow and dark brown, the surof cell E: lying basad of that of lst Mz, the face pruinose to produce a variegated effect.
basal section of R+.r being angulated; cell Haltereswith stem yellow, knob dark brown.
Lst Mz elongate, subequal to vein Mt*z be- Legs with the coxae obscureyellow, the foreyond it; rn-cu at fork of M,longer than the pair darkened basally; trochanters obscuredistal section of Cu; vein \nd A bent strong- yellow, the fore pair darkened apically; fely into the wing margin.
mora obscure yellow on about the proximal
Abdomen dark brown, the sternites a trifle third or fourth, the remainder brownishpaler. Ovipositor with cerci slender, up- black, enclosinga very narrow and indistinct
curved; hypovalvaelonger and straight.
obscureyellow ring somedistance back from
Holotype, g, Rancho Grande, May 12, 1946 the blackenedtip; tibiae dark brown; tarsi(Beebe-Fleming).
more yellowish-brown, the outer segments
The most similar regional species are Li,- blackened,the posterior tarsi more uniformmoruia(Limoni.a) ei,seni (Alexander) and Z. ly so; claws (male) with a strong:,nearly ba(L.) -macintgrei Alexander, both of which sal spine, with a smaller acute point still
are quite distinct in the wing pattern and more basad.Wings (Text-fig.3) with the redetails of venation.
stricted ground whitish-subhyaline,with aheavy
reticulated brown pattern, paler
20. Llmonlo lLlmonial pcnrpoecllo(Alexanbrowninthe apical and posterior cells ofder, 1922), var.
wing;
cell
Sc and the prearcular field more
Dicranomyia pampoeci,la Alexander; yellowed;
a series of about a dozen brown
Proc. U. S. Not. Mus.,60, Art. 252 ldashes in cell C, narrower than the inter2; L922.
spaces,cell Sc clearer yellow; three major
Rancho Grande, June 28, 1946; a frag- darker brown areas in eell B, the first postmentary female. Close to the typical form arcular, the third at origin of .Es,'a similar
but with the darkenedfemoral ring terminal slightly paler brown cloud in cell M just bein position whereas in typical pampoecila fore the level of origin of Rs,' further major
this is subterminal.The material is too poor areas at stigma and anterior cord and nearfor more exact determination. The type of the outer end of vein Rr; reticulated areasin
pampoecilawas from Tiribi, CostaRica, col- apical and posterior cells paler
and few inlected October 9, 1920, by Alfaro. What ap- number but distinct; veins brown, Sc and R
pears to represent a single species rangeg more yellowed. Venation: Sc
moderatelyfrom Costa Rica to southeasternBrazil but long, Scr ending just before midlengthof Bs,
this complex requires further study.
Se, at its tip; Es angulated and short-spurred
21. LirnonlolLlmonlol thomyrls,sp. n.
at origin; vein Ba slightly arcuated on basal
half; cell M" open by atrophy of tn; m-cu
patterned
coloration
Generalwith
Et&y,brown, the markings on the praescutum ir- shortly before fork of M, long and very
regular in distribution; femora black,yellow oblique, about one-fourth longel than the
distal section of vein Czr.
basally, with a very narrow and indistinct
Abdomen brown, the hypopygium yelyellow subterminal ring; wings whitish-subhyaline,with a heavy reticulated brown pat- lowed. Male hypopygium (Text-fig. 6) with
tern; cell Mz openby the atrophy of m; male the tergite, 9t, transverse, the caudal marhypopygium with the ventral dististyle large gin very gently emarginate, the low lateraland fleshy,its rostrum with two long spines, lobes with long pale setae. Basistyle, b, withthe more proximal one from a smalf basal the ventromesal lobe large, obtuse bt apex.
Do.rsal dististyle a strong rod, the lbng
tubercle.
Male: Length about 5.5 mm.; wing 6 mm. apical spine nearly straight. Ventral distiRostrum brownish-black, sparsely prui- style, ad,large and fleshy, its area about onenose; palpi black; rostrum in direct align- third greater than the total of the basistyle;ment with the front. Antennae with the short rostral prolongation stout, the two spines
scape black, pedicel light yellow; flagellum relatively long, subequal in length, placed
black, the first segment paler; flagellar seg- one behind the other, the more basal one
ments oval, slightly longer than the verticils. from a slightly larger tubercle. GonapophyHead buffy brown, more pruinose medially sis, g, with mesal-apieallobe elongatC,pale,behind, the center of the posterior vertex terminating in a small darkened knob thatwith a blackenedarea.
is directed laterad.

40

Zoologica: New York Zoological Societg

Holotype, I , Rancho Grande, June 2'1,
1946 (Beebe-Fleming).
Generally similar to Limonia (Li'monia)
pompoecila (Alexander) and certain allied
species,differing in the pattern of the legs
and wings, the venation, especially the opencell Mz, and in the details of structure of themale hypopygium.
22. llmonfo lf{eoflmnobiol divc (Schiner,
1868).
Limnobi'a dioo Schiner; Novara Reise,
Diptera, p. 46; 1868.
Rancho Grande, May 7-11, 1946, August
L-7, L946; also September 5, L942, collectedby Lichy. Specimenstaken between July 10
and 18, 1946,have the pattern of the femora
much obscured,as noted below.
The speciesdiaa, as now restricted, h?_sawide range in tropical America, including
the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Puerto Rico),
Mexico,Venezuelaand Brazil. Further races
or closelyallied speciesare found in Ecuador
and Peru. The variability in the distinctnessof the leg pattern in what seemsto represe-nt
has been discussedby thea single-s-pecies
writei in another paper (Notes on the Tropical American species of Tipulidae (Diptera). YI. Reu. de Entomologia-tn press).
As there indicated, some individuals have
two or, in cases,three dark rings on the femora while other specimensthat are referred to diaawithout question have the femoral
pattern much obscured,the darkened annuli
being broader and more diffuse, in the extreme casesbeing so vague and extensive as
to eliminate the yellow interspaces.The extreme specimensfrom Rancho Grande above
mentioneddo not quite representthe condition describedbut iitdividualsfrom elsewhere
in Venezuelahave this leg pattern.
23. Llmonlo lRhlpldial brevlpefollo,sp. n.
Praescutum reddish-brown, with indications of darker lines and dashes; pleura andpleurotergite more gray pruinose, narrowly lined with darker; antennaedark, the two
subterminal segments white; flagellar segments short-bipectinate; femora darkened
subterminally, the actual tip narrowly ye!low; wings pale yellow, with a very abundant pale brown dotted pattern, the marks
chiefly confluent; male hypopygium with thecaudal margin of the tergite very gently
emarginate; rostral prolongation of the ventral dististyle unusually long and slender,
the two spines subequalin length and size.
Male: Length about ? mm.; wing 8 mm.
Rostrum brownish-black, shiny, themouthparts conspicuous; palpi black. Antennae black, the long pedicels of the flagellar segtnentspale yellow; subterminal twosegments whitened; flagellar segments one
to three strongly produced but simple; segments four and five each with two conspicuous branches that slightly exceed in length
the remainder of organ (the succeedingsegments broken, the color pattern having been
noted before the breakage occurred). Herdl35z 2

dark gray; anterior vertex reduced to a linear strip that does not exceedin width tworows of ommatidia.
Pronotum dark brown, the scutellum andpretergites more reddish-brown. Mesonotal
praescutumchiefly reddish-brown,with indications of dark lines and dashes,as well as
the posterior end of the usual median stripe;
scutal lobes dark; scutellum yellowish-graywith a black central line; mediotergite graypruinose, the central part more heavily so,
the lateral borders paling to yellow. Pleuraand pleurotergite gray pruinose, narrowly
lined longitudinally with dark brown, thedorsal stripe most conspicuous,the ventral
line a short dash on the sternopleurite; thedorsal stripe begins at the propleura, narrowed behind at the root of the halteres. Halteres with stem dirty white, more yellowedat base, knob infuscated. Legs with theeoxae brown, pale at tips; trochanters yellow; femora light brown, paler basally,
deepeningto a somewhatmore intense subterminal ring, the actual tip narrowlyyellow;
tibiae and tarsi obscureyellow, the terminal
two segments black; claws (male) with astrong subbasal spine, with a smaller one alittle more basad.Wings (Text-fig. 4) withthe restricted ground pale yellow, with avery abundant pale brown dotted pattern,
the areas being so abundant as to be extensively confluent; very small darker dots beyond midlength of vein R, origin of Es, andfork of Sc,' cord and outer end of cell lst Mz
narrowly seamedwith darker; a more or lessevident series of two or three brown spots
along vein Cu in cell M,' veins yellow, variegated with darker in the more heavily patterned areas.Venation: Scr ending opposite
or just beyondmidlength of Rs, Sc: at its tip;
rn-cu more than one-third its length before
the fork of.M.
Abdominal tergites reddish-brown, thelateral borders narrowly blackened; sternites a trifle more yellowed; hypopygium andsegment eight yellow. Male hypopygium(Text-fig. 7) with the tergite, 9f, transverse,
the caudal margin very gently emarginate,
the surface of the low lobes with abundantsetae. Basistyle, b, subequal in area to theventral dististyle, the ventromesallobe large,
with a small lateral lobule.Dorsal dististyle agently curved blackened rod, the tip acute.
Ventral dististyle, ud,,with the rostrum unusually long and slender, the two spines
slightly separated,the outermostat near midlength of the prolongation; spines straight,
subequalin size. Gonapophysis,g, with themesal-apicallobe stout, gently curved, heavily blackened, the tip acute or subacute.
Aedeagus,a, stout.
Holotype, 6, RanchoGrande,June ?, 1946
(Beebe-Fleming).
In its abundantly dotted wings, the present
fly most resemblesspecies such as Lim,oni,a(Rltipidia) mononantho Alexander, which
differs conspicuously in the coloration andin the wing pattern. The male sex of mornrantha is still unknown.

19501

Alerander:

Tipu,lidae of Rancho Grond.e, Venezuela

24. Llmonie lRhlpidlal donresflco (Osten
Sacken,1859).
Rhipid;i.adomesticaOsten Sacken; Proc.
Acad,. Nat. Sci. Philadelphio, 1859:
2 0 8 ,p I . 3 , f i g s . 8 - 9 ; 1 8 5 9 .
Rancho Grande, June 26-28,July 10, August 3, 1946.
Describedfrom the easternUnited States;
very widely distributed, ranging from Connecticut, New York and New Jersey, southward throughout the southern states; Antilles (Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser
Antilles) ; Venezuela; Brazil.
25. Llmonlq lRilpfdfol f,abellilormlsAlexander, 1934,var.
Limonia (Rhipid,ia) fl,abellil ormis Alexander; Ann. Ent. Soc.Americo, 27:
59-60;1934.
Rancho Grande, May 29, 1946. The type
was from Chiriqui, Panama, altitude 5400
feet, taken September 13, 1932, by Lawlor.
The typical form ranges from Panarna to
Peru.
26. Lfnonlo (Dicrononylal brevfcubilollsAlexander, 1947.
Limonia (Dicranomgia) breaicubitalis
Alexander; Bol. Dnt. Venezolana,,6z87-90,figs.7, 8; 1947.
Rancho Grande, May 5, June 16-28, July23, 1946i May 13, 1948. Type from the Rio
Chacaito, Miranda, Venezuela,980 meters,
September18, 1938,collectedby Vivas-Berthier. Other specimensfrom Los Venados,D.
F., 1520 meters, February 26, 1939,VivasBerthier. Still known only from Venezuela.

d1of the gonapophysis long and slender, t,hemargin with conspicuousserrulations.
Male: Length about 5.5 mm.; wing 6 mm.
Rostrum and palpi brownish-black.Antennae black throughout; flagellar segments
oval. Head gray; anterior vertex very Darrow, reducedto a linear strip.
Pronotum brownish-gray. Mesonotum
chiefly dark brownish-gray, the praescutum
and scutal lobesextensively more infuscated.
PIeura blackened,heavily pruinose.Halteres
relatively long, stem dirty white, knob infuscated. Legs with the coxae dark brown,
sparsely pruinose; trochanters obscure yellow; femora obscure yellow basally, passing
into black; remainder of legs black; claws(male) with at least two basal teeth, the outermost strongest. Wings (Text-fig. 5) witha strong brownish tinge, the very small subcircular stigma darker brown; exceedingly
vague and narrow seamsover the eord; prearcular field a little more whitened; veinsbrown. Venation: Scr ending oppositeorigin
of .Es,Scsnear its tip; Rs slightly more than
twice as long as the more arcuated basal section of E+.0; cell lst Mz a trifle longer thanvein M*; 'In-cu a short distance before thefork of M.
Abdomen, including hypopygium, darkbrown. Male hypopygium (Text-fig. 8) withthe tergite, 9t, narrowly transverse, the caudal margin nearly truncate; scattered palesetae along the margin, with an additional
discal pair. Basistyle, b, with the ventromesal lobe large, obtuse, provided with longyellow setae. Dorsal dististyle a curved
blackened rod, narrowed very gradually into a long acute spine. Ventral dististyle, od,
fleshy, its total area somewhat greater thanthat of the basistyle; rostral prolongation
stout, its tip obtuse; rostral spinestwo, arising from equal small tubercles, the spines
straight and relatively short. Gonapophysis,g, with the blade pale, the mesal-apicallobe
Iong and slender, gently curved, the margin
with several conspicuousserrulations.
Holotype, 8, Rancho Grande, June 16,
1946 (Beebe-Fleming).
The present fly is generally similar to species such as Li,monia (Di.cranomai,a)mutato
Alexander, differing in the coloration of the
body and wings and in the structure of themale hypopygium, particularly the tergite,
ventral dististyle and gonapophyses.

27. Llmonlq IDleronomylol brevlveno capra
Alexander, L947.
Limonia (Dicranomyia) c&pro Alexander,'B oI. E nt. V enezolana,6 : 57-69,
f i g s .1 , 5 ; 1 9 4 7 .
RanchoGrande,April 27, L946.Type fromhere, collectedby Lichy on August 27, L944.
Elsewhere in Venezuelaknown from the Rio
Chacaito, Miranda, 980 meters, September
18, 1938,Vivas-Berthier; Los Canales,Naiguata, D. F., 720meters,September24, 1938,
Vivas-Berthier.
I am considering this as representing arace of the more northern and unusuallywidespreadbreaiaena(Osten Sacken,1869). 29. Llmonla fPerlpieroplerof
ongustifosclofo(Alexander, 1922).
28. Llmonlo lDlcranomylol serroillobo,sp. n.
Peri,pheroptera angustifasci,ata AlexAllied to mutata; general coloration gray,ander ; Trans. Ent. Soc.London,L922:
the praescutum and scutal lobes extensively
85-36; 1922.
more infuscated; legs chiefly black, the feRancho Grande, April 17-27,June 26, July
moral bases obscure yellow; wings with a 15,1946; July 10, 1945; March 26, 1948.Twostrong brownish tinge, the very small sub- further specimens of the migrant series,
circular stigma darker brown; male hypopy- Mgy 23, 1948, I (No. 48569) and July 21,
gium with the tergite narrowly transverse, 1948,I (No. 481276).
the caudal margin nearly truncate; rostral
The type was from "Venezuelar" with nop_rolongationof the ventral dististyle stout, further data, contained in the collection oft}e two spines relatively short, straight, the Vienna Museum and to this time no furfrom small basal tubercles; mesal-apicallobe ther specimensbad been taken. The wings in42

Zoologi,ca:New York Zoological Societll[35:2

the present series agree well with -those of brown outwardly, with a narrow darker
the type female exceptin the sexual charac- brown subterminal ring, subequal in extent
ters, as found in most speciesin the subgenus to the yellow tip; tibiae and tarsi pale, thePeri,pheropteroSchiner. I regard the iden- outer tarsal segments dark brown; elaws
slender, with a single strong basql spi4e.
tification as correct.
(Text-fig. 9) grayish-subhyaline,theWings
30. Llmonla lGeronomyiofcoflinofo Alexan- prearcular and narrow costal region moreder, 1941.
yellowed; a very restricted dark pattern, inLimonia (Geranomaia) callinoto Alex- cluding the stigma; a small common clouda n d e r i A n n . M a g . N a t . H i ' s t . ,( 1 1 ) 8 : over the origin of .Rs and fork of Sc,' and318-320;1941.
vague narrow seamsover the cord and outer
RanchoGrande,June 28, 1946; 1 9. The end of cell lst M"; veins brown, pale in thetype was from Carpapata,Junin, Peru, 2600 yellowedareas.Venation: Sc short, Scr endmeters,May 15, 1940,collectedby Woytkow- ing immediately beyond the origin of Fs, Sc,
oppositethis origin; cell lst Mrlong, nearlyski. Known only from these two stations. I
see no reason to question the present deter- equalto the distal sectionof vein Mtz; "nt-cu
mination even though it is based on the fe- shortly beyond the fork of.M.
Abdomen, including hypopygium, darkmale sex.
brown.
Male hypopygium (Text-fis. 16) with
31. Llmonlo lGeranomylalturor Alexander, the tergite, 9f, transverse,the caudalborder1944.
broadly emarginate, the relatively low lateral
Limonia (Geranomyia) furor Alexan- lobeswith numerouslong coarsesetae.Basi: 183-185, style, b, small, its total area a little less thand.er; B oI.Ent. V enezolana,S
fig.5; L944.
one-third that of the ventral dististyle; venRancho Grande, June 26, 1946.Type from tromesal lobe simple. Dorsal dististyle a
Rio Chacaito, Miranda, Venezuela, 9E0 slender curved rod, the slightly upcurved tip
meters,September18, 1938,Vivas-Berthier. acute.Ventral dististyle, ad,large and fleshy;
rostral prolongation slender, the two spines
Still known only from Venezuela.
straight, slightly unequal in length from
32. Llmonlal6eranomylal oplnolor,sp. 11.
tubercles of unequal size, the longer spine
Sizesmall (wing, male,6.5mm.) ; rostrum lying more basad on the longer tubercle.
relatively short; praescutumlight gray, with Gonapophysis,g, with the mesal-apicallobe
three brown stripes additional to the dark- a slender nearly straight pale horn. Aedeaened lateral borders; femora with a narrow gus, a, with apical lobes obtuse.
brown subterminalring; wings grayish-subHolotype,6, RanchoGrande,June 26, 1946
hyaline, with a very restricted darker pat(Beebe-Fleming).
tern, including a common cloud over the orWhile generally similar to speciessuch asigin of Rs and fork of Sc,' male hypopygium Limonia (Geronomgia) recisa (Alexander),with the ventral dististyle large and fleshy, the present fly differs evidently in the structhe prolongation slender, with two spines ture of the male hypopygium.
that arise from slightly unequal tubercles;
gonapophysiswith mesal-apicallobe a slend- 33. LlmonlolGeronomylofslenopioflusAlexander, 1944.
er pale horn.
Ltmonia (Geranom.gia) stenophallus
Male: Length, excluding rostrum, about 5mm.; wing 5.5mm.; rostrum about2.5 mm.
Alexander:.Ann. Ent. Soc.Americo,
37: 310-311;L944.
Rostrum of moderatelength, approximately one-half the remainder of body, brownishRancho Grande, June 26, 1946. The Wpe
black throughout. Antennae black, relatively was from Abitagua, Ecuador, 1100 meters,
short; flagellar segments oval, with short March 2L, 1940,eollectedby Macintyre. The
verticils. Head Bray, the postelior vertex speeiesranges from Venezuela to Ecuador
with a dark brown longitudinal stripe on and Peru.
either side of the subequalmedian ground
34. Llmonlol€eronornyfcfsubvlrescenr
Alexline.
ander, 1930.
Pronotum buffy, weakly infuscated mediLimonia (Geranomyi.a) suboirescena
ally and on the sides. Mesonotal praescutum
Alexander; Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.,
gray,
light
with three dark brown stripes on
38:112;1930.
pair
convergent
disk,intermediatethethebehind and becomingconfluentat the suture,
Rancho Grande, July 23, 1946. The typethe shorter median stripe becomingobsolete was from the Trinidad Mountains, Cuba,
somedistancebeforethe suture; lateral prae- 1000 feet, taken March 25, L925, by J. G.
scutal borders lessheavily darkened,humer- Myers. Ranges from the Greater Antilles
al region yellowed;scutum chiefly brownish- (Cuba) to Venezuela.
Bray, including the lobes; posterior sclerites 35. Llmonlo lGeranomylol flbloffs (Loew,of notum dark brown, pruinose.Pleura with
1851).
a dark brown dorsal stripe, the ventral
Aporosa tibialis Loew; Linnea Entopleurites yellow. Halteres with stem obscuremologica,5: 397; 1851.
yellow, its base brighter, knob dark brown.
RanchoGrande,July 5-31, 1946.The typeLegs with the coxaeyellow, the fore pair withthe basalhalf darkened;trochantersyellow; was from Brazil, without further data, collected by Sellow. This is one of the mostfemora obscure yellow, passing into light19501

Alerander:

Tipu,lid,ae of Rancho Grand,e, Venezueln

widely distributed of all tropical American
Tipulidae, ranging from the Greater Antilles(Jamaica, Puerto Rico) ; Lesser Antilles(Dominica,-Grenada); Central America;
nrjti.s!. Gufg1a,.into Paraguay. It may b6
noted that this is the only speciesof cianefly so far taken on the Gairipigos Islands.
36. Limonla(Geranomylolffuneas,
sp. n.
(wing
small
Size
under
6
mm.);
rostrum_short, only a little more than one-third thelength of wing; praescutum gray with three
narrow brown stripes, additional to the paler

43

sublateral darkening; femora with a very
poorly indicated pale brown subterminal
ring; wings weakly tinged with brown, witha very restricted pale brown pattern, includlng a common area over the origin of Rs andfork of Sc,' male hypopygium with the ventral dististyle large and fleshy, the prolongation relatively short but slender,more or lCss
constricted basad of the spines, the latterarising from strong tubercles.
Male: Length, excluding rostrum, about bmm.; wing 5.8 mm.; rostrum about 2.1 mm.
Rostrum short, only a little more than one-t0
Tnxt-qtcrp-rQ. (symbols: o, aedeagus-;
6.,basistyle; d,_dististyl".r;g, gonapophysis;od,outer dististyle; t,.terg_ite;ad, veniral di.stistyle). i-Lirnonih'(Ge-r'aio*alnj oetihtoi,s.& T.; venatiqn-.L$-Limonia (Geranornvjq lrygnq !p. .n.; venation. it-Oifunrgd
dichroptera,sp. l.; venation.-12-Heli.us'(Iieugi) bitergatus,sp.n.; vena!9arygQ
tion.
l3-Protohelius oenezolanus.r_s-p.
n.;_v-enation.L4-paia.delpilomyia \orirmaa,
uenez.olana,.
sp,.l.i venation.\1-Hekus (Helfus)-bitergatus,sp. d.; mite trvd;ygiuil.
(Geranomyiq)
lrLimartia
sp. n:; male hypopygilm-. L7-Limonia (Girano?nUNo)tNmens,sp. n.'. male -opinator,
hypopygium. L*Porodelphonyio (Oattrhizo) oenezola,na5
sp. n ; "'ale hypopygium.

44

Zoologica: Neut York Zoological Soci,etg

lB5:2

ander; BoI. Dnt. Venezolana,2: 2lthird the length of the wing, black through22; L943.
out. Antennae black; flagellar segmentssubcylindrical, with inconspicuous verticils.
Rancho Grande, May 10, 1946.Type from
Head above gray, with a blackish line on Rio Chacaito, Miranda, Venezuela, 980
either side of the median ground line of the meters, September 18, 1938, collected byposterior vertex.
Vivas-Berthier. The typical form is still
Pronotum buffy BraY, dark brown medi- known only from Venezuela; lhe race, dilually. Mesonotalpraescutum BraY, with three cida Alexander, from Ecuador.
narrow but conspicuousintermediate darkbrown stripes that are subequalin width and 38. f.lrnonlolGeranonylsl wolkerl Alexander,
nearly twice as broad as the interspaces;sub1930.
lateral stripes broader but less intense than(GeranomAi,a) wallceri AlexLimeni,athe three central ones; posterior sclerites ofAnn.
Ent. Soc.Ameri,ca,23:
ander;
darknotum gray, each scutal lobe with two
1930.
730-732;
pale
reddishchiefly
Pleuraened areas.
RanchoGrande, September6, 1937,Vivasbrown, the surface vaguely pruinose, th-e
Berthier. The type was from Vista Nieve,
more ventral portions paler. Halteres withstem pale, knob dark brown. Legs with the Mount Santa Marta, Colombia, 5000 feet'coxae and trochanters pale yellow; femora August 8, 1926,collectedby Fred W. Walker.
yellow, with a narrow and very poorly in- Other typical material from Jaragua, Santa
dicated pale brown subterminal ring, the yel- Catharina, Brazil, August 29,L929. The spelow apei subequalin extent; remainder of cies occurs from Colombia and Venezuelato
legs brownish-yellow,the tarsi not or scarce- southeasternBrazil.
ly darkened. Wings (Text-fig. 10) with aweak brownish tinge, the prearcular field andOrlmargo Osten Sacken.
relatively broad costal border more yellowed,
the latter pattern continued almost to the 39. Orlmarga lOrlmarEol dlchropfero,sp. t1.
wing tip; a very restricted pale br-ownpatAllied to niuei,tarsfs,' general coloration
tern, including the stigma, a smaller eom- black, the sides of the thorax with two narmon area ovei the origin of .Rsand fork of row riilvery longitudinal stripes; legs black,Sc, and a still smaller cloud at the super- the femoral basesof the middle and hind legs
numerary crossvein in cell,Sc; veins brown- yellowed; tarsi extensively whitg; wings
ish-yellow, slightly- darker in the patterned strongly bicolored, the cephalic half -brownareas. Venatibn: Sc relatively short, Scr ish-bl-ack,the posterior half and the preending about oppositeone-third the length of arcular field whitened; vein Sc short, Scr
Rs, Scza short distance back from tipi r-m ending some distance before origin-of J?s;
reduced in length by the approximation ofcellMl approximately twice its petiole; vein
veins Rr*sand Mt'zi cell 1st M: slightly long- Znd A short; abdomenelongate.
er than vein Ms,' m-cu at fork of M.
Female: Length about 9.5-10mm.; wing
Abdomen, including hypopygium,-pale 5.5 mm.; abdomenalone 7.5-8 mm.
yellowish-brown. Male hypopygium (TextRostrum and palpi blaek. Antennae blackhg. 17) with the tergite, 9t, transverse,the throughout, shoit; flagellar segmer.rtsoval.
caudal border with a median notch to form
Head aboveblack, sparselydustedwith gray.
two low roundedlobesthat are provided withThoracic dorsum black, the praescutum
abundant long setae. Basistyle, b, relatively
with a narrow silvery gtay longitudinalsmall, its total area about one-third that ofstripe. Pleura black,with a slightly broader
the ventral dististyle; ventromesallobe simple. Dorsal dististyle a gently curved rod, the silvery gray longitudinal stripe, extend-ing
portion of the sternopleu-abdomen.
lip gradually narrowed into a slenderspine. from ihe ce-ptraliC
Halteres black. Legs
the
rite
to
the
V-enlral dis[istyle, ad,large and fleshy,
andtrochanters black,
coxae
fore
with
the
rostral prolongation relatively short but
basally, their
black
coxae
remainingtheslender,more or lessconstricted basadof theyellow;trochanters
broadly
apices.yell-ow;spines;'spines two, from slron-g tubercle-s,posterior -legs
andmiddlelegs
black,
f6re
subshortest
thesiigtrtti uhequal in length,
femoral basesextensively yellow;
equal in length to the prolongation. Gona- black, t-heof basitarsi and remainder
outer
two-fifths
g, with the mesal-apicallob-e-pale,
p6physis,-ap-pearin'g-ds
the last segment snowy
exceptingof
tarsi
gentlyhorn,
curved flatteneda(Text-fis.
11) strongly-bicolwhite. Wings
the tip acute.
thebrownish-blacF,
half
cephalicored,
theHolotype, 6 , Rancho Grande, June 26,
pirt more whitened; darkened
nosterior
1946 (Beebe-Fleming).
areas inchide the anterior third of wing,
Related to speciessuch as Limonia (GeraB and.M, basesof Cu and lst A,
nomyia) reeisa Alexander,L. (G.) scolopan most of cells
2nd A,' prearcular field chiefly
cell
of
and
all
(Alexander) and Z. (G.) opi,nator, sP. tr.rbrownish-black. Venation: Sc
differing from all chiefly in the structure of white; veinsa distancebefore origin.of
endingshort,'Scr
the male hypopygium.
Es gieater thanlhe length of m-cy,,the latter
37. Llmonlo lGcronomylal vfndlcfo Alexan- oppositethe baseof Rs,' Es*eand Rz subequal,
der, 1943.
ab6ut one-half Rr*z; inner end of cell Ro alittlemore distad than those of cells Ra and(Geranomgia)
ttird'i,cto
AlexLimorna

1e501

Alenander: Tipu,lidae of Rancho Grande. Venezuela

Mz; cell Ms about one and one-half to twotimes its petiole; vein zrld A short.
Abdomen elongate, black; valves of ovipositor horn-yellow.
_Holotype, g, Rancho Grande, July 9, lg46
(Beebe-Fleming).Paratopotyie, 1-9.
_ Readily distinguished from Ori,marga-(Orimarga) niaeitarsris Alexander, and its
larger - r?ge lnajuscula Alexander, Uy tfre
strongly bicoloredwings, with the venalional
details distinct.
40. Orlmorga lOrlmargal ercesrlvo Alexander, 1926.
Orimarga (Orimnrga) ercessiao Alex44de_r;Ann. Ent. Soc.Ameriea, Lg:
380-381;1926.
Rancho_Qra4de, May 10, June 2G-28,1946.
Typ-efrom Tachira, Venezuela,April 4:,tgZO,
Williamsons & Ditzler. Still known only from
Venezuela.

further armed beneathwith the usual lateral
tergal arms, the spine of the latter straightto gently sinuous,its tip acute; entire pbsterior border of tergite, including the lobes,
glabrous. Basistyle, b,'unarmed with lobei
but with a small concentration of setae on
mesal face near proximal end. Dististyleg, d,terminal, the outer style small, glabrous,'its
o_uterqplne reducedto a triangular tubercle,
the axial spine strong, decurved; inner dististyle longer, slightly dilated ori basal halfand here provided with scattered tubercles,
each_bearing a small seta. Aedeag:us,a, beyond the enlarged base more or less bifid,
curved into a circle, the tip pale.
Ho_lotype,6 , RanchoGrande,July 81, 1946
(Beebe-Fleming).
The yellowish-brown tarsi are quite different from those of the various spdcies
thatcenter around Helitls (Helius) albitarsis(Qsten Sacken), which have the tarsi snowy
white. The structure of the malehypopygiumof the present fly is distinctive.
42. Hellus lHellusl recllsplnc Alexander,
1947.
Helius (Heli,us) rectispi,na Alexander;
BoI. Ent. Venezolann,6:43-44,fig.2;
1947.
RanchoGrande,August 27,1944,collectedby Lichy; type. Still known only from thetype locality.

Heilut St. Fargeau.
41. Helfus lHellusl bffergotls, sp. n.
Praescutum and scutal lobes brown; posterior sclerites of notum and the pleura lilhter brown; legs dark brown, the buter taisalse.gmentspaling to yellowish-brown; wings
with a strong brownish tinge, stigma darker
brown; male hypopygium with the tergite
produced into two conspicuousearlike lobes
that are directed beneath into the straighttergal spines; basistyle without lobes; dististyle terminal, the outer spine of outer
Protof,cfhr Alexander.
style reduced; aedeagusbeyondthe enlarged 43. Proloielfusvenezofonus,
sp. n.
base more or less bifid.
Generalcolorationofbodydark brown to
Male: Length about 6.5 mm.; wing 6.8
black;
antennae
long,unusually
nearly onemm.
third
the
length
of
legs
wing;
brownishpalpi
Rostrum andblack, the former subequal in length to the remainder of head.An- black, the outer tarsal segments paling totennae black throughout; flagellar segments brown; wings with a strong blackish tinge,
oval, with long conspicuousverticils. Head the prearcular and costal fields a trifle
black; eyesvery large, reducing the anterior darker; Sc long, Scr ending about opposite
the fork of the long straight Bs,' m-cu iust
vertex to a linear strip.
Pronotum brown, the pretergites more beyondthe fork of M.
Female:Length about7 mm.; wing 8 mm.;testaceousyellow. Mesonotalpraescutumand
scutal lobesbrown, the humeral region more antenna about 2.5 mm.
yellowed; median region of scutuil and the
Rostrum short and inconspicuous;palpi
comparatively
long, black. Antennae unususcutellum brownish-yellow; postnotum lightbrown, the central area of mediotergite dark- ally long for the female sex, as shown by theer. Pleura and pleurotergite more reddish- measurements, black, the pedicel a trifle
brown. Halteres with stem obscure yellow, brightened; flagellar segments cylindrical,
knob infuscated. Legs with coxaebrownish- becoming shorter and more slender outyellow; remainder of legs dark brown, the wardly; first segment long, nearly egual toouter_-tarsalsegmentspaling to light brown segmentstwo and three combined; verticils
or yellowish-brown,not whitened as in most short and inconspicuous.Head black, sparseallied species:Wings (Text-fig. 12) with a ly pruinose; eyes large, the anterior vertex
strong brownish tinge, the prearcular field reducedto a narrow strip.
more whitened; stigma elongate-oval,darker
Pronotum redueed,hidden from above bybrown; veins dark brown. Venation: the forward projecting praescutum; preBranches of .Es gradually divergent, cell Rz tergites testaeeousyellow. Mesonotum uniat margin only a trifle more extensive than formly dark brown; setae long and concell gs; r-m short but presenti m-cu at near spicuous,especiallyon scutellum.Pleura dark
two-thirds the length of vein Ms.r and oF- brown. Halteres dark brown, the extreme
posite r-za.
base of stem brightened. Legs brownishAbdomen, including hypopygium, brown- black,the trochantersmore testaceous;outerish black. Male hypopygium (Text-fig. 16) tarsal segmentspaling to brown; claws (fewith the tergite, 9f, produced into two con- male) long and slender,simple.Wings (Textspicuous triangular earlike lobes that are fig. 13) with a strong blaekishtinge, the pre-

Zoologica: New York Zoological Societg

arcular and costal fields a trifle darker; veinsbrownish-black. All veins beyond cord with
abundant macrotrichia. Venation: Scr ending about opposite fork of the long straightBs, Sc: near its tip; Rz and Rr*zsubequalin
length, the former pale but strong; R+,nabout four-fifths as long as .Rs,'inner end ofcell lst M2 arcvated; m-cu just beyontl thefork of M.
Abdominal tergites brown, the borders
narrowly more blackened,sternites more uniformly paler brown. Ovipositor with valvesvery long, the cerci slender,gently upcurved.
Holotype,9, RanchoGrande,July 27, 1946
(Beebe-Fleming).
The only other neotropical speeiesof thegenu s i s P r ot oh eliu s ci satlanticus Alexander,of Ecuador. This differs in the much paler
color of the body, legs and wings and in thedetails of venation. From the length of theantennaein the female sex of the present fly
it is suspectedthat this organ in the male
may be considerably longer than in ci,satlanticus. Each of the two speciesmentioned
is known from a single specimen, cisatlanticus a male, uenezolanusa female, and inthesethe antennaeare virtually equal in bothcases.Almost invariably in the Tipulidae,
specieshaving elongateantennaein the male
sex have these much shorter in the eorresponding females.
HExAToMINI.
PorodefplomylcAlexander.
44.

ParadelphomylalQxyrhlrol

venctofono,

sp. n.
General coloration of thorax almost uniformly medium brown; wings with a weakbrownish tinge, stigma oval, pale brown;
macrotrichia of wing cellsvery sparse,in theextreme outer ends of cells Rs to Mt inclusive; wings (male) widest nearly opposite
the termination of vein Znd A; male hypopygium with the arms of the ventral fork
slender, their tips very feebly dilated, subacute; gonapophysiswith the bladetriangular, the meial angle unusually slender andpointed.
Male: Length about 4 mm.; wing 4.4 mm.
Rostrum black; palpi dark brown Antennae dark brown throughout; basal flagellar
segments oval, the outer ones passing intocylindrical; verticils elongate. Head above
dark.
Thorax almost uniformly medium brown,
the posterior sclerites somewhatmore testaceous;praescutalsetaevery sparsebut long.
Halteres pale. Legs with the coxaebrownishyellow; trochanters light yellow; remainderof legs brown, the tarsal segmentspaling toyellowishbrown; tiblal spurs present.Wings(Text-fig. 14) with a weak brownish tinge,
the prearcular and costal fields a trifle moreyellowed; stigma oval, pale brown; scarcely
apparent dark seamsover cord and outer endof cell l..st Mz, best evidenced by a slight
deepeningin color of the veins, the remaining veins pale brown, yellowed in the brightened fields. Wings (male) conspicuously

l35z2

widened nearly opposite the termination ofveinZnd A. Macrotrichia of cells very sparseand restricted, in the extreme outer ends ofcells Re to My inclusive, most numerous incell Ra where they total 12 or 13. Venation:
Scr ending about opposite fork of Bs, Scz
nearly oppositetwo-thirds the length of thisvein; veins Re and R+ nearly parallel to one
another,not as conspicuouslydivergent as incostaricensfs,cell Rt at margin narrower;
m-cu only a little more than its own length
beyond the fork of. M.
Abdomen pale brown, the hypopygium andeighth segment brownish black. Male hypopygium (Text-fig. 18) with the outer dististyle terminating in two slightly unequal
spines,the additional ventral spine unusually long and slender. Gonapophysis,g, withthe apical blade triangular, the mesal angle
unusually slenderand pointed. Each arm of
the ventral fork slender, the tip very feebly
to scarcelydilated, the apex subacute.
Holotype,6, RanchoGrande,July 25, 1948
(Beebe-Fleming); migrant No. 481374.
The most similar regionalspeciesis Paradelphomyia ( OrA rhi.za) costari,censi,s( Alexander), which differs in the details of venation, as described.Unfortunately, the malesex of costaricensfsis still unknown and theimportant hypopygial features cannot becomparedat this time. The tropical American
speciesof the Eenus have been considered
in a paper by the writer (Rea. de Entomologia, 19: 151-153,fie. 2; 1948).
Autlrollmnopillc Alexander.
45. AustrollmnophllalAusleollmnophllafvlvosberllrferfAlexander, 1938.
Austrolimnophila (Austrolimnophila)
Alexander; Rea. deui,aas-berthi,eri,Entomologia, I z 436-437; 1938.
RanchoGrande,September5, 1937,VivasBerthier; type.
The species is still known only from theunique type.
The tropical American speciesof AustroIimnophila are discussedby the writer elsewhere (Reu. de Entornologi,a,19: 153-168,
f i g s .3 , 4 , 7 - L 8 ; 1 9 4 8 ) .
Eplphngna Osten Sacken.
46. EplphragmalEplphragmal enlra Alexander, 1939.
D piphrag ma (E pi,phragrna) eni,xaAlexander; Ann. Mag. Nat Hist., (11)
3: 190-192;1939.
Rancho Grande, March 15, May 8, 1946
(Beebe-Fleming). The types were from
Abitagua, Ecuador, 1200 meters, March 29,
1937,collectedby Clark-Macintyre. The species is still known only from Ecuador and
Venezuela.
47. EplphragmalEplphragmal persoacfo [lexander,1938.
Epi.phragma (Epi,phragma) persancta
Alexander; Rea. de Entomologia, 9:248-249; 1938.
Rancho Grande, March 28, April 18, May

1e501

Alerander : Tiptlidae of RanchoGrande,Venezuela

47

8-23,1946; April 10, May 8, 1g4b;April2b- rock cliff.
Type from San Lorenzo Mt., CoMay 3, 1948.Part of the type material was lombia, taken
December 73, 1922. Known
taken here on September5,-1947,by Vivas- hitherto only from Colombia.
Berthier. The speciesoceursfrom V-enezuela
to southeasternBrazil.
provldens,
53. SftonnononyiosF. 1.
praescutum
Mesonotallightbrown with
48. Eplphrogma
lEplphragmalsolslrir (Ostenthreedarkerstripes,themedianone more
Sacken,1859).
evident;
antennae
short,
dark
brown;
fe(Epiphragma) solatria
Limnophila
mora and tibia obscureyellow,the tips weakOsten Sacken; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. ly infuscated;wings with a weali brown
Philadelphia,for 1859: 238; 1859.
tinge, restrictedly patterned with darker;
Rancho Grande, July 18-23, August 5, vein B: a short distancebefore fork of Rr.+:
1946.AIso taken here August 29,.originallytgBZ, by male hypopygium with the tergal lobes
Vivas-Berthier. The specieswas
truncate, separated by a broad U-shaped
describedfrom the easternUnited Stites. 11 notch; outer dististyle and gonapophysisbirang-esfrom southern New York through dentate.
Mexico and Central America to northein
Male: Length about4.5-5mm.; wings 4.8Argentina.
5.5 mm.; antennaabout 0.9-1mm.
-(Rea.
. Thg neotropical species of. Epiphro4ma
Female: Length about 5.5 mm.; wing 6.2
have been discussedby the writei
d,e mm.
Entomologia,tg: 168-17b,fig. E; 1948).
Rostrum dark brown, gray pruinose;palpi
black.
Antennaeshort, dark blown; flagellar
PolymcraWiedemann.
segments oval, shorter than the verticils.
49. Polymera lPolymerodesl coniuncfoldes AlHead gray, somewhatclearergray on front;
exander,1920.
a narrow blackish central line on posterior
Polymera (Polymerodes) conjunctoides vertex; anterior vertex about two and oneAlexander; Ent. Nears, 31: 74-75; half times the diameter of scape.
1920.
Pronotum gray. N[esonotalpraescutum
RanchoGrande,June 28, 1946;2 69. The light brown, the surfacepruinose;three fairty-pewas from Itacoatiara, AmazonianBra- ly evidentbrown stripes,the lateral pair lesszil, Octqber 16, 1919, collectedby Parish. distinct, crossingthe suture onto the scutal
New to Venezuela;formerly from Amazon- lobes;posteriorscleritesof notum brownishgray. Pleurotergiteand dorsalpart of pleura
ian Brazil, Ecuadorand Peru.
The neotropical species of. Polymer& are brownish-gray, the ventral pleurites andconsideredin a paper by the writer (Rea.de sternum light yellow. Halteres dusky, theEntomologia,19: 182-190,fiSs Z7-BB;1948). large knobs still more darkened.Legs withthe coxae and trochanters pale yellow, theLlnnophlloMacquart.
fore coxae a trifle more darkened; femora
and tibiae obscureyellow,the tips weakly in50. Llmnophllagulluloflssfmo
Alexander,1g13. fuscated;tarsi brownish-yellow,the terminLimnophila guttulatissima Alexander ; al segmentsdarker. Wings (Text-fig. 19)
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mu,s., 44: 548-547, with a weak brownish tinge, the prearcular
fig.38; 1913.
and costalfieldsmore yellowed; a restricted
RanchoGrande,
17,
July
1946.
darker brown pattern, including the small
Type
from
_
Totonicapan,Guatemala,collectedby Eisen. oval stigma and vague seamsover the cord,
Known hitherto from Guatemalaand Costa outer end of cell lst Mz andorigin of Rs, bestBica.
indicated by a slight deepeningin color of_.The neotropical speciesof.Limnophila are the veins.Venation: Sc moderatelylong, Scr
discussedin a paper by the writer'(Reu. de ending about oppositethree-fourthsto fourEntomologia,19: 513-b18,figs. 6, ?; 1g4g). fifths .Rs,Scr a short distancefrom its tip;
Bs relatively long, about one-third longer
SicnnoaonylcAlexander.
than E::*s'4;vein R: a short distance be51. Sftonnoaonylo
araguaeAlexander, L947. fore fork of El-+; vein .R+long, approxiShannonomyiaaraguae Alexander ; B oI. mately three times Rs; cell lst Mz a little
Ent. Venezolana,6:48-b0,figs. B-4; Ionger than vein M+; m-cu shortly beyond
the fork of.M.
7947.
Abdominal tergites brown, with a darker-Rancho Grande, July 25, 1948 (Beebe- brown subterminal ring involving segments
Fleming); migrant No. 4813?4.The type six and seven,segmentseight and nine more
was taken at this station on August 24,1444, yellowed,the styli dark; basal sternites yelpV LichV. Still known only from thr! tvp6 low. Malehypopygium(Text-fig.25) with thelocality.
tergal lobqs, 91, truncated, separatedby a
52. Sionnonomyfo fof[roec(Alexander, broad U-shapednotch. Outer dististyle, d,unequally bidentate at apex, the tip black1926).
ened; outer surface of style with long setae.
Pilari'a lathraea Alexander; Ann. Dnt. Inner dististyle shorter, the outersurfaeeSoc.America, lg: 886-88?; 1926.
with abundanterect setae.Gonapophysis,g,Rancho Grande,May 9, 1948; a broken g, bidentate, the outer spine longest.
taken over a pool of water by a steep mossy
Holotype, 6, RanchoGranfls, June 1?, 1g46

[35:2

Zoologica: New York Zoological Society

48(Beebe-Fleming).Allotopotype,9, July 22,
1948; migrant No. 481366,in copulawith aperaiype. Paratopotypes'1 broken 8, withallotype;1 6, July 17,1948.
The presentfly is most similar in its general appearanceto speciessuch as Slwnnot
and S. ptotuberomuiaadnm,brata,Alexanderozs Alexander,differing in the colorationof
the body and wings and in the structure of
the antennaeand the male hypopygium.
The tropical American speciesof Shan,
nonomgiahave beenrecordedin a paper by
the wrlter (Rett. de Entomologi'a,19: 518623,figs.8,9,11- 13;1948) .

K'

l\e
25

26

g, gonapop}ysip;-venation.
TErT-Flcs.Lg-27.(Symbols: o, aedeagus;D, basistylei d, dististyles;
2$-Atarbo
proaid,ens,t.;bp.
",ltei"i[e;- t, terbii6l.-{g4t*n"oigmytqt{i."; ""niti* . ziLAti.rto (Isclinoihripi breaisre-cfor.Alexander;
Tetoi|ifduittiioE6,
iil spinttuuer, sp. n.; venatioi.zs-Henatoma (Erioii,iritr6"l d;i:i;;bh-Uiii"oinceral beebeana,sp.t"; V""atioi. ZLAtarba (AtaTba)'quasimo4o,qP.n.; malehyqgpYg.ium.'25-shanitoircmiia yroaidens,sp. n.; male hypopyglum.26-Atarba (Iscllnotllr.fi)
ietittiO"i, sp. n.; *it" fvp6pvgitim . zllAtorta
ittarOo) cincticortt'is tharnia, subsp.
n.; male hypopygium.

19501of Bancho Gmnde, Venezuela
Alerander : Ti.pu,Ii,ila,e49

Hcrofonc Latreille.
Holotype, 6, Rancho Grande, March 26,(Beebe-Fleming).
1945
Hexatoms
lErlocerof
beebeono,54.
sp. n.
This striking crane-fly is respectfully dedSize relatively small (wing, male,9 mm.) ; icated to Dr. William Beebe.There are no
general coloration black, the praescutum andvery close allies so far made known and thescutal lobes with metallic blue reflections; fly will be readily recognized.The presence
fore and middle femora with about the basal of supernumerarycrossveinsin the wings isthird yellow, the remainder blackened, en- very uncommonin speciesof Eriocero, in theclosinga narrow obscureyellow subterminal neotropical fauna including only Henatoma
ring; posterior femora clear yellow basally, (Eriocera) acunai Alexander, of Cuba,
the tip conspicuouslyblackened;wings with among the describedspecies.This latter fly
the restricted ground whitened, much re- has the cross-veinin cell R+ instead of in cellstricted by broad brown seamsto the veins; .Es,as in the present species.
cell R:runusually short, vein Rz before the cell
subequal in length to vein Ry+i a super- 55. HerolomolErloceralblturcataAlexander.
numerary crossvein at near midlength of7947.
cellRr; rn-cueloseto midlength of eellLstMz.
Heratoma (Eriocera) bifurcata AlexMale: Length about 10 mm.; wing 9 mm.;ander; Bol. Ent,Venezolana,,
6: 97-99;
antenna about 2.5 mm.
7947.
Rostrum brownish-black,yellow pollinose;
Rancho Grande, July 10, 1945,9; May 6,
palpi black, the first segmentpaler. Antennae
1946,
9; July 9, 1946,3. The type was from(male) short, ?-segmented;scapeand pediChoroni, Km.25, taken September12, L945,
cel dark brown, flagellum black; first flagel- by Lichy.
known only from the state oflar segment exceeding the combined second Aragua, Still
Venezuela.
and third segments and a little shorter than
the fourth; fourth segment nearly three 56. HexolomslErloeerofcondldlpes(Alexantimes as long as the fifth. Head dark brown,der, 1923).
sparselypollinoseon genae;vertical tubercle
P enthoptera candidipesAlexander ; E nt.
orange, deeply split medially.
News,34: 20; 1923.
Pronotal scutum and pleura heavily light
Rancho Grande,July 18, 1946.Type fromgray pruinose,the scutellumbrownish-black. Tachira, Venezuela,taken April 9, 1920,by
Mesonotalpraescutum and the scutal lobes the Williamsonsand Ditzler. Stillknown only
black with distinct metallic blue reflections; from Venezuela.
remainder of notum intensely black, very
The tropical American speciesof Henasparsely pollinose, the pleurotergite more toma (Eriocera) have beendiscussedby theheavily so; praescutal vestiture very short writer in another paper (Bea. de Entom.oand sparse. Pleura black, sparsely gray Iogia, 19: 528-535,figs. 16-20; 1948.
pruinose, more heavily so on the pteropleurite; dorsopleural membrane brownish-black.
Alarbs Osten Saeken.
Halteres black. Legs with the coxae black,heavily gray pruinose; trochanters black; 57. Atorba lfscDnofhrlxlsplnituber,sp. n.
fore and middle femora with about the basal
Color variable, the mesonotum ranEing
third yellow, the remainder blackened, en- from reddish-brownto dark brown; antennae
closing a narrow and inconspicuousobscure (male) elongate,exceedingthe wing in length,yellow subterminal ring; tibiae brown, the the segmentswith unusually long erect setae
tip and the tarsi more blackened;posterior scatteredover their wholelength; wings withfemora clear yellow basally, the tip conspieu- a weak brownish tinge; Sc short; Rs short,ously blackened,with vague indications of weakly angulated; vein Rs short, arcuated,a broad brownish-yellow subterminal ring,
lessthan one-third the petioleof cellRs; malethe narrow area before the apex clearer yel- hypopygium with the appendage of thelow; tibiae and tarsi black.Wings (Text-fig. eighth sternite an elongatelobe,of the ninth23) with the ground whitened, much re- sternite a conspicuouslyriform structure;stricted by broad brown seamsto the veins; basistyle on mesal face near proximal end
costal border and basesof cells R and M, to- with a cylindrical lobebearing spinoussetae;
gether with the apex, more extensively and aedeagussinuous to the acute apex.
uninterruptedly brown; both Anal cells uniMale: Length about 5.5-5.1mm.; wing 6formly paler brown; veins brown, arculus 6.2 mm.; antenna about 6-7 mm.
conspicuouslylight yellow.Outer radial veins
Rostrum yellow pollinose;palpi brownishwith abundant macrotrichia, these greatly yellow.Antennae (male) elongate,exceeding
reduced in number to virtually lacking in the wing in length, pale brown; flagellar segthe medial field. Venation: Scr ending about ments very elongate-cylindrical, with dense
opposite the fork of Rs,' vein Rs*+subequal erect pale setae, these unusually long andto vein .E:, both a little shorter than Rr*2, conspicuous,the longest approximately twocell Be thus unusually short; a supernumer- thirds the length of the segment; in additionary crossvein at near midlength of cell Br;
to the longest vestiture there is an even more
m-eu elose to midlength of cell let Mz.
abundant shorter type of seta that is about
Abdominal tergites black, basal sternites one-fourth the segment. Head dark brownmedium brown, the outer ones intensely ish gray.
blackened; hypopygium small, obscureThorax of type dark reddish-brown tobrownish-yellow.
brown, of the paratype much darker brown

Zoologzco:New York Zoological Society

t35z2

pale color is someto brownish-black. Pleura of type light--yel- sesments the amount of flagellar segments
basal
increased;
wfiat
io*, of the paratype more brownish-Ylllow,
with conspicuousoutspreadspai'setr prriinos6.-Halteres infuscated, th,e i;;:ctii;diical,
erect setae; outer segments
andins"verticils
baseofst-em narrowly pale yellow. Legs withshorte-r,the outer four
pr6gressively
much
the coxaeand trochanters yellow; remainder
morethan four times-aslong
6r
scarc6ly
fi1e
of legs yellowish-brown (type) to brownishat itte diamet6r acrossbase.In typical cinctiblacli (paratvpe). Wings (Text-fig' 22) -with cornis,the antennaeare longer,the segmentsa weaii brownish tinge, the oval stigma moie evidently bicolored, their bases disdarker brown, inconspicuous;veins brown, tinctly thicker than their tiPs.
those near wing base a trifle brighter. VenMeionotum almost uniformly dark brown,
ation: Sc short, Scr ending just beyond ori- the postnotum and pleura more pruinose'
gin of Rs, Sc: before this origir-l; !s short, Halteres infuscated. Legs yellow, the outerweakly arigulated at origin; vein Re short, Ia"sat, segments darker. Wings-with a weakarcuaied, less than one-third- the petiole of biownish" tinge, the costal border more yelcell .R:r;cell Rz at margin about one-third lowed; stigml imall; veins pale-browq, S.c
to two-fifths the extent of cell Rli m'cu at mot. vellowed.Venation: Scr-endingvirtualnear one-third the length of cell lst Mz.
ly opdosite the origin of Rs,-Seza short disAbdomen yellowish-brown to brown, the tlnc'e from its tip; Scr nearly as lo-ngas thesubterminal segmentsstill darker to form a short Rs, the latt-ei subequalto the basal secring; hypopygium and sternites mo-{e y.gl- tion of .dr; cell lst Mz nearly rectangular in
low-eil.Mite iripopygium (Text-fig.26) with outline. the second section of Mt'*z approxthe appendage of the eighth sternite, 8s, a imately twice the basal section; macu about
depresied-fla1tenedelongate lobe, narrowed one-third its length beyond the fork of.M.In
to bbtuse tip, with setae over the whole sur- i"pic"t einctieorni.s,Ri is longer; cellTst Mz
face. Appendage of ninth sternite, 9s, P{9- vliv small and short, the second section offoundly lyriform, the branches unusually u"ii Mr-, being subequal to or actuallylong and slender, near apex wrth weak re- shorter than the basal section; rn-cu at or
troise points or'roughenings. Basistyle, b, close
to the fork of.M.
on mesal face of proximal half with a fingerAbdomen brown, with a dark brown sublike lobe that is tufted with strong black terminai ring; hipopygium vellow. MaJe
spinous setae, those at apex even stouter. hypopygium (Text-fig. ?7)- generally as rn
Outer dististyle, d, a slenderblackenedgently tt{ti tvbi-cal race, particularly as regards thecurved rod, provided with scattered spines outei tlististyle'airatle aedeagus.Outer disalong the outer face, tl-rete-rminal one sub- tistyle, d, dilated on outer half,-the outerequai to the apex and slightly more slender. maigin with conspicuousblack spines, thos-e
Inner dististyle subequal in length but ex- at n6ar midlengttr of the group more crowdtendins bevoird-of the dbrsal dististyle due to ed ana in double rows. Inner dististyle with
pl6ce
insertion, gently arcuated. conspicuoussetae,especiallyalong the outerits
Aedeagus,c, sinuousto the acute apex.
margin. Gonapophysissimple, appearing as
Holotype, 3, Rancho Grande, May 5, 1945 an elongateblade,the top subacute.Aedeagus,(Beebe-Fleming). Paratopotypes, 66, May o, very long and slender,longerthan the com7 , 1 9 4 5 ,M a y 2 7 , 1 9 4 8 .
bined-basistyleand dististyles, the apex not
The closest relative of the present fly is or scarcelyexpanded.In typieal cincti'eomis,
Atarba (Ischnothrin) breaiiector (Alex- the outer- dististyle has the central spines
ander), describedfrom the eloudforest zone shorter and arranged in several rows. Innerof the'Silla de Caracas,1900meters. This is dististyle shorter, without conspicuoussetae.
a larger fly (wing, 9, nearly 8 mp.) that is Gonapbphysis even more slender andstill knowir only from the female sex. Be- elongate.
sides the large size, this specieshas the anHolotype, 6, RanchoGrande, June 26, 1946
(Beebe-Fleming).
tennal flagellum black, with short vestiture,
the lattei undoubtedly a sexual character.
The discovery of more material will prob-The venationaldetails (Text-ffg.21) are dis- ably result in eievating the present fly to f-ull
tinct, particularly the outer radial field where speli fic rank. Typical iine tii orttis Alexander
vein'Rs is nornially oblique and relatively iC known from British Guiana and Ecuador.
long, exceeding one-half the length of theguoslnodo,sp. n.
petiole of eell .8s; cell Rz at margin scarcely 59. Atorbo lAtarbal
Thorax almost uniformly brownish-yellow,
one-third that of cell Rs.
antennae (male) about oneunpatterned;
Atarbaof
The tropical American speeies
have beenconsideredby the writer in another thild the length of wing, flagellum black; legs
paper (Rea. de Entomologi'a, 19: 636-552, yellow; wings with a strong yellow tinge,
stigma very pale brown, inconspicuous; Sc_lf i g s . 2 1 - 3 5 ;1 9 4 8 ) .
ending abouf opposite one-third the length
58. Atarbo I Atarbal clncllcoralr thomle, of Bs,' cell lsf Mz pentagonal in outline;
subsp.n.
male hypopygium with the outer lateral
Male: Length about 5 mm.; wing 6.5mm.; angles of the appendageof the ninth sternite
producedinto very slenderspines; outer disantenna about 4.6 mm.
Antennal flagellum almost uniformly dark- tistyle with about nine spines on outer marened, only the incisures of the more prox- gin; gonapophysesappearing as bilobed
imal segments restrictedly yellow; on outer smooth blades; aedeaguselongate,stout, the1e501

Alerander:

Tip.lidae of Rancho Grande, Venezuelo

51

apexa little dilated,on margin at near mid- about one-thirdthe length of the wing; flalength with a very conspicuousobtusetu- gellar segmentslong-subcylindrical,
exceedbercleor hump.
ing the verticils,the latter stout,aboutfour
Male: Length about 5 mm.; wing 4.5-4.6 per segment;theentiresegmentwith a dense
mm.; antennaabout 1.4-1.5mm.
erect pale pubescence,these approximately
Rostrumdark brown; palpimorereddish- one-half the length of the verticils. Heailbrown.Antennae(male) of moderatelength, dark gray; anterior vertex broad.

30

Tsxr-r'Ics.28-39. (Symbols: a, aedeagus;b, basistyle; bd, basal dististyle; d, dististyle;p, phallosomel t, tergite).Z8-Sigmatomera beebei,sp. n.; venation. 29-Trentepohlio(Paramongoma) fuscolimbata, sp. n.; venation. \}-Gonomyia (GonomAial apiculistyla,
sP.-n.i venation. Tl-Erioptera (Empeda\ abitaguoe Alexanderl venation. SZ-Erioptero(Erioptera) bee.beano,
sp. n.; venation. \*-Molophilus (Molophilus) compactus, sp. n.;venation. SfSigmatomera beebei,sp. n.; male hypopygium. T$-GonontUia (Gonomuia)
spiculistyla, Bp. n.i male hypopygium. 36-GonomAia (Lipophleps) oinder Alexander;(Erioptera) beebeana, sp. h.i male hypopygium.
male_-hypopygiullr: ?T-Erioptera$8-Molnphilus .(Molophihts.) compactus,ap. n.; male hypopygium.Bg-Molophilui(-MoIophilul flemingi,8p. n.; male hypopygiurn.

52

Zooloqica: New York Zoological Societg[ 3 5 :2

Thorax almost uniformly brownish-yel- by the writer (Rea.de Entomologia,1 9 : 5 5 2 low, unpatterned, the pleura more yellowed. 5 5 6 ,f i g s .2 7 , 2 8 , 3 6 ; 1 9 4 8 ) .
Halteres with stem yellow, knobs weakly
EntortPnrNt.
darkened. Legs with the coxae and troremainder
legs
SlgrnolomeroofOsten Sacken.
chanters reddish-yellow;
yellow, the terminal tarsal segments more 61. Sigmoforncro
beebei,sp. n.
infuscated. Wings (Text-fig. 20) with a
General coloration reddish-yellow,unpatstrorig yellow tinge, the prearcular and costal
halteresand legs yellow; wingsuniterned;
fields clearer yellow; stigma oval, very paleyellow, all the veins deepyellow;
formlyrichbrown, inconspicuous;veins yellow. VenacelllstMzelongate,subequal in length totion: Sc modeiately long, Scr ending aboutof vein Mt.zi male hypodistal
sectiontheoppositeone-third the length of Es, Sc: faint, pygium
lobulesof the ninth
dorsalwiththea short distancebefore this origin; branches
in outline; innersmall,
subovaltergiteveryof .Rsvery gently divergent; cell lst Mz penlobe
on
its outer marginstout,
thedisiistyletagonal,less than one-half the basal section
without elonaedeagus
very
obtuse;low
andof Ms; m.-euvariable in position, from a gate
spinesat
apex.
short distancebefore the fork of M, as illusMale: Length about 14 mm.; wing 14.5
trated, to a little beyondthis fork.
mm.
Abdomenlight brown, the basesof the segHead broken. Prothorax and mesothorax
ments paler; subterminal segments dark almost uniformly reddish-yellov, the praebrown to produce a conspicuousring; hypo- scutum with three such stripes on a slightly
pygium yellow. l\(ale hypopygium (Text-fig. more yellowed ground. Halteres uniformly24) with the appendageof the ninth sternite, yellow. Legs yellow, only the terminal tarsal
9s, short and broad,the caudalmargin nearly iegment bro'ivn.Wings (Text-fig. 28) unitruncate, very slightly emarginate at the foimly rich yellow, the pre,arcula-rand costal
midline; outer lateral angles produced lat- bordei'smor6 saturatedyellow; all ve;nsdeep
erad into unusually slender spines; surface yellow. Venation: Scr ending about opposite
of appendage with relatively few coarse one-third the length of the outer or angusetae. Outer dististyle, d, relatively slender, lated sectionof R:.g.+,Sczoppositethis ang!the outer margin with teeth over virtually
lation ; 'Rz.s,+ angulated iust before midwhole
nine
or
the
the
length, totallingten,length, with a long spur jutting-basad into
more basal ones smaller and appressed,the celf Ri at the angle ; cell lst Mz elongate,outer spines longer and more conspicuous; widened outwardly, subequal in length toterminal spine subequalto the subterminal the distal sectionof vein lltvzi basal section
one and slightly more eurved; on ventral of vein Ms, wilh a weak spur jutting basa-d
margin before apex with three or four deli- into eell Lsi Mzi rn-cu at oi closeto the fork
cate spinules.Inner dististyle a little longer of M.
than the outer style, appearing as a darkened
Abdomen brownish-yellow, hypopygium
slender rod, gently curved, the obtuse tip a yellow. Male hypopygium (T.ex!-fig.3!) wi-tlt
little enlarged. Gonapophysis,g, appearing Ihe dorsal lobules of the ninth tergite, 9t,
as bilobed smoothblades.Aedeagus,o, elon- verv small. suboval in outline, separated bygate, stout, the apex a little dilated and flar- a siace thit is subequal to the diameter ofing; on margin at near midlength with a very eitfrer lobe.Inner disfistvle stout, the lobeon
eonspicuousobtuse dilation or tubercle.
outer margin very low and obtuse.Aedeagus'
Holotype,6, RanchoGrande,May 12, 1945 o. stout, te-rminafing in a small central point,(Beebe-Fleming). Paratopotype, 8, pinned nbt produced into elongate spines, as comrvith type.
mon-in the genus; if present, theselatter arepresent
quite
microscopic.
is
in
the
The
fly
distinct
Holotype, 6, Rancho Grande,MaY 2,1945
structure of the male hypopygium. In theprominent tubercle on the aedeagus,it sug- (Beebe-Fleming).
gests Atarba (Atarba) tuberculi,fera AlexI am very pleasedto name this speciesfor
Dr.
William Beebe.The fly is most similar toisdifferent
fly,
being
ander, but
an entirely
one of the smallest members of the genus other specieswith unpatternedwings, suchwhereastuberculi,ferais one of the largest.
as Sigrnatornera flauipennis Osten Sacken(genotype) and S. occulta Alexander. It difEfeplronfomylofers from these and from all other known
Osten Sacken.
forms in the uniformly bright yellow veins
60. Elephontomylo lElephantomylal selullslylo
and in the structure of the male hypopygium.
Alexander, 1938.
In the latter respect,the speciesdiffers ve-ry
Elephantomaia (Elephantomgia) setu- markedly from-flaui,pennis, which has theli,styla Alexander; Ann. Mag. Nat. inner aiitistyle long and slender.The species
Hist., (11) 1: 351-352;1938.
that have this style most like that in the
RanchoGrande,May l2-July 8, 1946; July present fly include S. oceulta and S. shanL7, 1948. The type was from Abitagua, noniqna Alexander, which differ evidently in
Ecuador, 1200 meters, April 7, 1937, col- the pattern of the wings and in the details oflected by Clarke-Macintyre. Known only the hypopygium, including the tergite, infrom Ecuador and Venezuela.
ner dististyle and aedeagus.
The tropical American speciesof ElephanThe tropical American speciesof Sigmatomyia have been listed in a further paper tomera have been listed in another report by1e501

Alenander: Tipu,lidae of Rancho Grande, Venezuelo

53

the writer (Rea. de Entomologia, 18: 68-69, zonian Peru, taken June 14, 1920,by Parish.
figs. 3, 4; L9A7).
The fly was known hitherto from Ecuador
and Peru. Despite the lack of the male sex
Trcntepoiflo Bigot.
I can see no reason to question the determination.
62. Trenlepoffla lParomongomclfuscoffmbsfo,
The tropical American speciesof Teuchosp.n.
lobrls were discussed by the writer in an
Mesonotum and pleura almost uniformly
earlier report (Rea. de Entomologia, 17z
reddish-brown; legs medium brown, the tip 375-400,figs. 1-14; 1946).
of the tibia and the tarsi paling to creamyellow; wings grayish-subhyaline; stigma
GnophomylaOsten Sacken.
relatively large and conspicuous,subcircular
to short-ovalin outline; veins of the proximal 64. Gnophomyla lGnophomylal
dlgltltotnis
three-fourths of wing extensively seamed
Alexander, 1941.
with paler brown; vein .Eaoblique.
Gnophomyia (Gnophomaia) di'gi'tiforFemale: Length about 10 mm.; wing 8.2
mis Alexander; Joum. N. Y. Ent.
mm.
Soc.,49 : 144-L45; 1941.
Rostrum yellow. Antennae with the scapeRanchoGrande, March 27; April 8-24;
and pedicel dark brown; flagellum broken.
1-18; August 16, 1946.Type
18;
June
July
Head brown; anterior vertex reduced to a
Venezuela,taken Decemfrom
Esteban,San
Iinear strip that is subequal in width to a
The speciesis still
19,
1939,
Anduze.
ber
bysingle row of ommatidia.
Venezuela.
only
from
known
Cervical region dark brown above, paler
The neotropical species of Gnophomyia
on sides.Pronotum dark brown above,paling
have
been discussedbriefly in another paper
to yellowish-brown laterally. Mesonotum andbythewriter (Rea. de Entomologia, L8:72pleura almost uniformly reddish-brown, the8-L2; 1947).
80,
fiss.
scutellum and especially the postnotum
sparsely gray pruinose. Halteres pale. Legs
fVeognoplromylc
Alexander.
with the coxae reddish-brown; trochanters
yellow; legs medium brown, the genua,espe- 65. lfeognopftomylomonophora Alexander,
cially the tibial base, very narrowly and1941.
almost insensiblywhitened; tip of tibia andN eognophomyi,amonophoro Alexander ;the tarsi paling to cream-yellow. Wings
Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.,49: L46-147;(Text-fig. 29) grayish-subhyaline; stigma
1941.
relatively large and conspicuous,subcircularRancho Grande, April 24, 1948 (No.
to short-oval; veins before level of outer end
4872)
i July 25, L948 (No. 4813?4),migrantof cell Lst Mz extensively seamedwith paler
series.
The types were from San Esteban,brown, such cloudings on Rs, Erra*a,cord,
outer end of cell lst Mz, oater end of M and, Venezuela,December28, 1939,Anduze, andMs,+,distal half of Cu, and at and near the Borburata, Venezuela, 500 meters, Marchbasesof the Anal cells; wing tip even more 10-15,1940,Anduze. Still known only fromvaguely suffused; veins brownish-yellow, Venezuela.
The tropical American speciesof Neognosomewhat clearer yellow in the outer costal
field.Venation: Vein Rr more obliquethan in pltomgi,a are listed by the writer (Reu, desuffuscipes; cell lst Mz broadeti 'm-cu only Entomologia, L8: 81-82,fig. 16; 1947).
a short distance before the fork of.M.
GonornylcMeigen.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, sternites
yellow; genital shield brownish-yellow. Cerci
66. GonomylolGonomylal splcullsfylo,sp. tt.
relatively long and very slender.
Mesonotum chiefly medium brown; scuHolotype, 9, Rancho Grande, May 11, 1945
tellum obscure yellow; legs brownish-black;(Beebe-Fleming).
The most similar regional speciesis Tren- wings with a weak dusky tinge; Scr ending
tepoltlia (Paramongoma) suffusci,pesAlex- opposite origin of Es, Rz$,4 subequal toander, which differs in the coloration of the Bs; male hypopygium with the outer distibody, legs and wings, as well as in slight style a simple stout rod, the surface with
abundant short spines or spicules, without
details of the venation.
The tropical American speeiesof Trente- setae.
Male: Length about 4 mm.; wing 4.2 mm.
pohlia have been consideredearlier by the
Head broken. Pronotum brown, the preter(Rea.
writerd,eEntomologia,LS: 69-72,figs.
gites light yellow. Mesonotumchiefly medium
5-7; 1947).
brown, the praescutum darker medially;
scutal lobes dark brown; median region of
Tatc[ofobls Osten Sacken.
scutum and the scutellum obscure yellow,
63. TeucDoloblslTeucioloblsf sntfrroclno Al- the latter restrictedly darkened at base;exander, 1921.
postnotum brownish-gray, the lateral borTeucholabi.s anthracina Alexander; ders of the mediotergite yellow; pleuroProc. Acad. Nat. Sci,. Philadelphia, tergite paler and pruinose. Pleura variegatedfor 1921:85-861'1921,
dark reddish-brown and yellow, the latter
Rancho Grande, May 12, 1945; 1 9 only. color producing a vague stripe on the dorsal
The type was from the Napo River, Ama- sternopleurite and pteropleurite. Halteres

64

Zoologica: New York Zoological Soci,ety

t35z2

dark brown. Legs with the coxaedark red- Colombia,5,000 feet, August 8, 1926,taken
dish-brown; trochantersyellow; remainder by Fred W. Walker, and from Jaragua, Santaof legsbrownish-black.
Wings (Text-fig.30) Catharina, Brazil, taken September20,7929.
with a weak dusky tinge, the stigmal area The speciesis knorvn from Colombia,Veneslightly darker, ill-delimited and vague; zaela and southeastern Brazil.
veins dark brown. Venation: Scr ending
The tropical American species of Gonoppositeorigin of Rs, Scsat its tip i Rz,s,+ omgia have been discussedin a paper by thesubequalto or a trifle longerthan Rs; vein writer (Rea.de Entomologia,18: 83-99,figs.
Ra obliquei r-rn long, subequalto m-cu, the 17-29; 1947).
latter at near one-third the length of cell
EeloptcroMeigen.
lst Mz.
ErloplerolErlopleral beebeono,
Abdomendark brown. Male hypopygium 69.
sp. n.
with the dististyles (Text-fig. 35, d) disAllied to multi,annulata; general coloration
tinctive; outer style a simple stout rod, its of thorax and abdomendark brown, the thorsurface denselycoveredwith short spines acic pleura with a longitudinal silvery whiteor triangular points to producea spiculose stripe; femora with three dark brown andappearance,
without setae.Inner dististyle three china-white rings; tibiae and basitarsi
appearingas a straight rod, before apex on variegated with darkenedannuli; wings withouter margin with a strong arm that termi- a strong light brown tinge, unpatterned; malenates in a flattened black plate, strongly hypopygium with both dististyles slender,recurved,its lower apical anglefurther pro- the outer one terminating in several strong
ducedinto a point; main axis of style bear- spines; inner stylesvery slender; phallosome
ing the usual two strong fasciculatesetae, lvith the apophysesbispinous.
additional to a few other normal bristles.
Male: Length about 2.5 mm.; wing 3 mm.
Phallosomebroken and in part lost before
Rostrum brown; palpi black. Antennae
mounting;a singlestrongslenderspineper- black throughout; flagellar segments oval,sistsin the slidemount; from a cursorypre- with very long verticils. Head above gray.
liminary exaftination made before the loss
Pronotum and mesonotum almost uniof this part, it is believedthat there was I formly dark brown, the surface with a very
secondspineand a further elongatepale rod lpprs_epruinosity;_praescutumwith two very
that was expandedat its apex into a tri- faintly
indicated darker brown stripes; anangular blade, the apex shallowly emargi- terior pretergites obscurewhitish, the region
nate.
before the wing root pale. Pleura and pleuroHolotype,6, RanchoGrande,July 10, 1946 tergite dark brown. pruinose.with a narrow(Beebe-Fleming).
silvery white longiiudinal stripe that is borto dered both above and below by a slightly
While similar in its generalappearance
species such as Gonomgta (Gonom11i,a)narrower more blackenedline. Halteres clear
juarezi Alexander,G. (G.) methodicaAlex- light yellow. Legs with the fore coxaedarkander,and others,the presentfly is entirely brown, the middle pair a little paler; postedistinct in the structureof the malehypopy- rior coxaeand trochanters testaceousyellow;
gium, includingboth the dististylesand the femora conspicuously ringed with darkphallosome.
brown and china white, there being three
67. Gonomyla lLfpoplfepsf vlnder Alexander,

1941.
Gonomyia (Li,poplileps) oindex Alexanderi Journ. N. Y. Dnt. Soc., 49:
L42-143; 1941.
Rancho Grande, May 12, 1945. The type
was from Borburata, Venezuela,500 meters,
taken March 15, 1940,by Anduze.Still known
only from Venezuela.In the present specimen, the male hypopygium (Text-fig. 36),
while being generally eimilar to that of thetype, differs in slight details, especiallythe
longest element of the phallosome,p, where
the outer spine is longer and more conspicuous than in the type.
lemnfscotoAI68. GonomyfolParallpophlepsl
exander,1931.
Gonomgia ( Lip ophleps) Iemntsccf a AIexander; Ann. Ent. Soc,America,24:
634-635;1931.
Gonomyia (Paralipoph.leps) lemniscata
Alexander; Rea. de Entomologia, L8:
97-98i 1947.
Rancho Grande, July 10, 1946. The types
were from Vista Nieve, Mount Sa^ntaMarta.

dark rings and three narrower white ones,
the last terminal; tibiae yellow with a narrow nearly basal dark ring and a more extensive subterminal one, the latter a little lessthan the pale tip; tarsi yellow, the proximal
end of the basitarsi narrowly darkened; twoouter tarsal segmentsinfuscated; vestitureof legs including setae and normal linear
scales.Wings (Text-fig. 32) with a strong
light brown tinge, the prearcular and costal
regions a trifle more brightened; veinsbrownish-yellow, the vestiture pale brown.
Venation: Petiole of cell Ms from one-third
to one-half longer than m-cu; vein 2ru1 A
gently sinuouson nearly the outer half.
Abdomen, including hypopygium, darkbrown, the ninth segment more yellowed.
Male hypopygium (Text-fig. 37) with both
dististyles, d, slender, terminal in position;outer style blackened, at apex with about
three strong spines, with other smaller denticles back from tip, inner style subequal inlength but even more slender, glabrous, thetip acute, near &pex with two or three palepunctures. Phallosome, F, with powerfulhorn-colored spinous apophyses,one pair oneither side the strong inne.r spines uearly1e501Al,eaandnr: Tiptlidne of Rancha Grande, Venezueln

narallel to one another, their tips gently out;ffi;d; a.ote; Iatera[ arms approximatelv"qu"i iir t""gtti but a little more slender andsinuous.
Holotype,8, RanchoGrande,July 25, 1948
(Beebe-Fleming); migrant series.
This attractive crane-flyis namedin honorof Dr. William Beebe.The most similar resional speciesinclude Erioptera (Eri'optera)lnultiarmulata Alexander,E. (8.) polydonta
Alexander, and E. (8.) polUtricha Llexander,
all of which have the male hypopygium entirely distinct in structure.
The neotropicalspeciesof Eriopterahave
been considered in an earlier report by thewriter (Rea. de Entomologia, 18: 328-337,
figs. 10-17; L9a7).
70. ErlopteralErlopteral celerllsAlexander,
1940.
Erioptera (Erioptera) celestis Alexander; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (11) 6:
294-296; 1940.
Rancho Grande, July 25, 1948 (BeebeFleming) ; migrant, No. 481374. The typervas from Abitagua, Ecuador, 1200 meters,
taken April 5, 1937, by Clarke-Macintyre.
Known only from Ecuador and Venezuela.

Legs with the coxae and trochanters testaceo-usyellow; remainder of legs medium
brown, the outer tarsal segments more
blackeired. Wings (Text-fig. 38) with astrong brownish tinge, the prearcular andeostal fields slightly more yellowed; veins
and macrotrichia brown. Venation; R, lying
slightly distad of the level of r'm; petiole ofcefl Ms about one-fourth longer than theslightly sinuous rn-cu; vein2nd A long, ending about oppositemidlength of m'cu.
Abdomen brown, the hypopygium brownish-black. Male hypopygium (Text-fig. 38)
with the beak of the basistyle, b, slender.
Outer dististyle with the two arms unequal,
the more distal one slender. Basal dististyle,bd, a slender nearly straight rod that narrows into a long spine, on lower face at near
midlength with a compact group of erectsetae,beyond this brush with a few strongly
appressedspinous points. Phallosomicplate
unusually small, oval, the surface glabrous.
Holotype, A, Rancho Grande, June 28,
1946 (Beebe-Fleming).
The most similar regional speciesinclude
Molophi,Ius (Molophilus) brownianus Alexander, M. (M.) ca,pricornisAlexander, andM. (M) paganus Alexander, all differingfrom the present fly and among themselves
ehiefly in the structure of the male hypopygium, particularly of the basal dististyle.

7L. Erloptero lEmpedal obltaEuolAlexander,
1941.
Erioptera (D'mpeda) abi'taguni Alexanderi Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (11) 8: 73. MolophlluslMolophlluslOemlnE[sp. n.
Belongs to the plagiatus group; thorax al131-132;1941.
uniformly black; antennae (male)
most
Rancho Grande, May L2, June 11-28,July
relatively
short; halteresyellow; legs black;
8-10, 1946
grayish-subhyaline,vaguely crosswings
The type was from Abitagua, Ecuador,pale
bands lying at
thewithbrown,
banded1100 meters, taken September 1, 1939, by
thearculus;male hypopygcord
andbeyondClarke-Macintyre.Known only from Ecuador
a long gently
basal
dististyle
ium
with
the
and Venezuela.The wing venation is showninashort spine;
terminates
curvedrod
that(Text-fig. 31).
lower face of distal half of style with a seriesof strong appressedspines.
ttotoghllot Curtis.
Male: Length about 4 mm.; wing 4.6 mm.;
72. MolophiluslMolophllusfcompocfut,sp. n. antenna about 1 mm.
Belongs to the plagi,atus group; mesonoRostrum and palpi black. Antenna (male)tum chiefly reddish-brown, unpatterned; an- relatively short, only about one-fourth thetennae (male) relatively long, nearly one- length of body, black throughout; flagellar
half the length of the body; wings with a segments subcylindrical or long-suboval,
strong brownish tinge; male hypopygium gradually decreasingin length and diameterwith the basal dististyle a slender nearly outwardly; verticils scattered, much exceedstraight rod that narrows into a long spine, ing the segments; remaining vestiture shortthe lower face at near midleneth with a com- and inconspicuous.Head gray.
pact group of erect setae,beyond this brushThorax almost uniformly black; preterwith a few strongly appressedspinouspoints. gites very narrow, testaceousyellow. Halteres
Male: Length about3.2mm.; wing 4 mm.; yellow. Legs with the coxae infuscated basantenna about 1.5 mm.
ally, paling to yellow outwardly; trochanters
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae rela- yellow; femora dark brown, yellow basally;
tively long, nearly one-half the body, black remainder of legs blaek; fore tibia (male)throughout; flagellar segments long-sub- with a linear glandular swelling. Wings graycylindrical ; longestverticils unilaterally dis- ish subhyaline, vaguely crossbanded withtributed, nearly twice as long as the seg- pale brown, including a band at cord andments; additional shorter erect pale verticils. another acrossthe postarcular region; preHead gray.
arcular field yellow; veins brown, yellow in
Pronotum brown, darker laterally; preter- the more brightened portions. Venation: Rz
gites pale yellow. Mesonotumchiefly reddish- in approximate transverse alignment withbrown, the praescutum unpatterned. Pleura r-m; petiole of cell Ma a little longer thandarker brown. Halteres yellow basally, mFcu; vein Znd A relatively short, ending
darker beyond, with gpldeu yellow rrcstiture.
shghtly beyond tbe posterior end of ttt-+'u.

56

Zoologica: New York Zoologicol Socictg

t3622:19501

Abdomen,ineluding hypopygium,brownStUri,ngomryia arneriedna Alexander;
ish-blackto black. Male hypopygium (TextTrans.Atner,Ent. Soc.,40:231; 1914.
fig. 39) with the beak of the basistyle, b,
RanchoGrande, July 10, 1946. The typeslender. Outer dististyle elongate,the two was taken at Mallali, British Guiana, onarms unequal,the inner long and slender. March 8, 1913,by Parish. This is the most
Basal dististyle, bd, a long slendergently widely distributed of the American specieg
curved rod, the terminal spine short and of the genus,occurringin British Honduras,
stout; lower face of distal half of style with Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela,British
a seriesof strong appressed
spines,on prox- Guiana,Surinamand Ecuador.
imal half morescatteredand finally becoming
The tropical American speciesof StVrin
tuberculate; outer face of style with a few gornAiahavebeendiscussedin an earlier pasmall inconspicuousdenticles back from per by the writer (Rea.de Entornologio,18:
apex.
364-366,frs.29;t947).
Holotype, 6, Rancho Grande, June 28,
1946 (Beebe-Fleming).
Torodho Loew.
I take unusual pleasure in naming this 75. Totorhlna lTotorhlnol pcrEreelfls
Alexandistinct fly for Mr-. Henry Fleming,Entoder,1944.
mologist of the Departmentof Tropical ReTosorlainn (Toaorhina) pergrwilis
searchof the New York ZoologicalSociety,
Alexander; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
whose diligent eollecting has added mate(11) 11: 181-182,fig. 13; L944.
rially to our knowledgeof the crane-fliesof
RanchoGrande,June 28, July 10-27,AuVenezuela.The fly is quite distinct from theother membersof the plagiatus group that gust 1, 1946.The type was from Ayna, La
have the basal dististyle of the male hypo- Mar, Ayacucho,Peru, 2400meters,collectedpygium of somewhatthe samestructure and April 27, 1941,by Woytkowski.Known only
appearance.
TheseincludeMolophi,lus(Molo- from Peru and Venezuela.
philus) broumianzsAlexande4M. (M.) cay
Tororhlno lTotorhlnal rfenophollus Alexanri,comai,sAlexande\,M. (U) compactus,sp. 76.
der, 1937.
\., M. (M.) luauriosus Alexander,M. (M:)(Tororhina) stenophallus
Touorhina
Wganus Alexander,and someothers,alldifAlexander; Ann. Mag. Nat. flist.,f-ering-amolg themselvesin the pattern of(10) 20: 603-504;1937.
the wings, length and structure bf the antennae,and in the details of structure of theRanchoGrande,August 27, 1944,collectedmalehypopygium.
by Lichy. The type was from Nova Teutonia,
The tropical American speciesof Moto- southeastern Brazil, taken September30,
philus have beenlisted by the writer in an- 1.935,by Plaumanu. Still known only fromotler reporyt-(Rea.de Entomologi,a,18:38& Venezuelaand Brazil.
353,figs.19-28;1947),
The tropical American species of Toaorhina have beenconsideredby the writer in
Sfyrlngomyfo
Loew.
an earlier report (Rea.de Dntomologia,L8:
amerlcono
74. Sfyrlngomylo
Alexander,1914. 356-360,figs. 30-32; 1947).

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