ታᣉ⺖㗴⇟ภ㧦2006B0109⓭⿠਄ࠍṖࠆࠧࡓߩᄌᒻ᜼േߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ
ታᣉ⺖㗴ฬ㧦⓭ታ㛎⽿છ⠪ᚲዻᯏ㑐㧦ᮮᵿࠧࡓᩣᑼળ␠ ࠲ࠗࡗ᧚ᢱ⸳⸘ㇱታ㛎⽿છ⠪᳁ฬ㧦✂㊁ ⋥਽૶↪ࡆ࡯ࡓ࡜ࠗࡦ㧦BL20XU㧝㧚ታ㛎ߩ⋡⊛࠲ࠗࡗ↪ߩࠧࡓߦߪ㧘቟ోᕈߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ㧘೙േᤨ޽ࠆ޿ߪᣓ࿁ᤨߩ㜞޿៺ᡂജ߇ⷐ᳞ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚࠲ࠗࡗߪ㧘ㅢᏱ㧘ࠕࠬࡈࠔ࡞࠻〝㕙ߥߤߩ⓭⿠ࠍᜬߞߚ〝㕙਄ࠍ⿛ⴕߔࠆ㧚⓭⿠ࠍᜬߞߚ〝㕙਄ࠍṖࠆࠧࡓߩ៺ᡂജߦߪ㧘ࠧࡓߣ〝㕙ߩធ⸅⇇㕙ߢ↢ߓࠆಝ⌕ߩ㗄ߣࠧࡓߩᄌᒻߦ⿠࿃ߔࠆࡅࠬ࠹࡝ࠪࠬߩ㗄߇ነਈߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ 1)㧚ᓥߞߡ㧘ࠧࡓߣ〝㕙ߩធ⸅㕙Ⓧ㧘߅ࠃ߮⓭⿠਄ࠍṖࠆ㓙ߩࠧࡓߩᄌᒻ㊂߇㧘ࠧࡓߩ៺ᡂജߦᄢ߈ߥᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߎࠇ߹ߢߦ㧘ࠧࡓࠍࠟ࡜ࠬ᧼਄ߢ៺ᡂߐߖ㧘ਅ㕙߆ࠄធ⸅⁁ᘒࠍⷰኤߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘ࠧࡓߣࠟ࡜ࠬߩធ⸅㕙Ⓧࠍ⷗Ⓧ߽ࠆᬌ⸛߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ 2)㧚ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘⓭⿠ࠍᜬߞߚ〝㕙ߣࠧࡓߣࠍ៺ᡂߐߖ㧘ធ⸅㕙Ⓧߣᄌᒻ㊂ࠍหᤨߦ᷹ⷰߒ㧘៺ᡂജߣ㑐ㅪߟߌߚ⎇ⓥߪ߶ߣࠎߤ
ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ㧚ߘߎߢ 2005B ᦼߦߪ㧘BL19B2 ߦߡ⃿⁁⓭⿠਄ࠍṖࠆࠧࡓߩធ⸅⁁ᘒࠍX ✢ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣߦࠃߞߡ᷹ⷰߒ㧘៺ᡂജߣធ⸅⁁ᘒߣߩ㑐ଥࠍ⺞ߴࠆታ㛎ࠍⴕߞߚ 3)㧚ߎߩ⚿ᨐ㧘⓭⿠߇ㅴⴕᣇะ೨ᣇߩࠧࡓࠍ᛼ߒㅌߌࠆജ߇㧘ࠧࡓߩ៺ᡂജߣ⋧㑐߇㜞޿ߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߣߥߞߚ߇㧘ߎߩታ㛎ߢߪࠧࡓౝㇱߦടࠊࠆ߭ߕߺߩᄢ߈ߐࠍ⍮ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ㧚ࠧࡓߩᒢᕈ₸ߪ߭ߕߺଐሽᕈࠍ␜ߔ 4)ߎߣ߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߚ߼㧘ࠧࡓߩ‛ᕈ୯ߣ៺ᡂജࠍኻᲧߐߖࠆߚ߼ߦߪ㧘៺ᡂᤨߦࠧࡓ߇ฃߌࠆ߭ߕߺ㊂ࠍ⍮ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ㧚ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘☸ሶᓘ 10ȝm ߩࠕ࡞ࡒ࠽☸ሶࠍ㈩ߒߚࠧࡓ⹜ᢱߣ⃿⁁⓭⿠ࠍ៺ᡂߐߖ㧘X ✢ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣᴺࠍ↪޿ߡࠕ࡞ࡒ࠽☸ሶߩേ߈ࠍㅊ〔ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘ࠧࡓౝㇱߩ៺ᡂᤨߩᄌᒻ᜼േࠍ⹦⚦ߦ⸃ᨆߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ㧚ᝌ౉శḮߢ޽ࠆ BL20XU ߩ X ✢ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣߢߪ
1ȝm ⒟ᐲߩಽ⸃⢻ߢ 1 ⑽㑆ߦᢙࠦࡑߩ X ✢ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣ↹௝ࠍขᓧߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ߆ࠄ㧘☸ሶᓘ 10ȝm ߩࠕ࡞ࡒ࠽☸ሶࠍㅊ〔ߔࠆߎߣߪน⢻ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩ⚿ᨐࠍ↪޿ࠇ߫ࠧࡓߩ‛ᕈ୯ߣ៺ᡂജߩ㑐ଥ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߣߥࠆߚ߼㧘࠲ࠗࡗ↪ࠧࡓ㈩ว㐿⊒ߦᓎ┙ߡࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚㧞㧚ታ㛎ᣇᴺ
SPring-8 ߩ BL20XU ࠍ↪޿㧘X ✢ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣᴺߦࠃࠆേ↹᷹ቯࠍታᣉߒ
ߚ(Fig.1)㧚X ✢ᒝᐲߪ 15KeV ߣߒ㧘ࠞ
ࡔ࡜ߪ C4742-98-24A ߩ f=50mm ࠍ↪޿ߚ㧚BL20XU ߩ╙㧝ࡂ࠶࠴㧘╙㧞ࡂ࠶࠴෺ᣇߢታ㛎ࠍⴕ޿㧘╙㧝ࡂ࠶࠴ߢߪ
ࡆ࡯ࡓࡕ࠾࠲࡯ߣߒߡ BM3 ߦ㧡୚ߩ࡟ࡦ࠭ࠍⵝ⌕ߒߚ߽ߩࠍ㧘╙㧞ࡂ࠶࠴ߢߪ BM2 ߩ f=24mm ߩ߽ߩࠍߘࠇߙࠇ↪
޿ߚ㧚ⷞ㊁ߣࡇࠢ࠮࡞ࠨࠗ࠭ߪ㧘╙㧝ࡂ࠶࠴ߢ 1mm ⷺ㧘1ȝm㧘╙㧞ࡂ࠶࠴ߢ
3mm ⷺ㧘3ȝm ߢ޽ࠆ㧚╙㧝ࡂ࠶࠴ߢߪ㧘Fig.1 Measuring system of X-ray imaging.
ធ࿾ㇱㄭறߩࠧࡓߩᄌᒻ᜼േࠍ㜞޿ⓨ㑆ಽ⸃⢻ߢ⹦⚦ߦ⸃ᨆߒ㧘╙㧞ࡂ࠶࠴ߢߪ㧘ࠧࡓ㧙〝㕙ធ࿾ㇱߩో૕߅ࠃ߮ធ࿾ㇱ߆ࠄ㔌ࠇߚࠧࡓౝㇱߩᄌᒻ᜼േࠍⷰኤߒߚ㧚
BL20XU ߩ㐳޿ࡄࠬࠍ᦭ലߦ೑↪ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘៺ᡂᤨߩࠧࡓߩᄌᒻ᜼േࠍ⹦⚦ߦ਌ߟᐢ䋭㩷㪈㪈㩷䋭▸࿐ߦ᷹ⷰߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ㧚㔺శᤨ㑆ߪ 10ms㧘frame rate ߪ 6Hz ߣߒߚ㧚⹜ᢱ㧙ࠞࡔ࡜㑆〒㔌ߪ㧘╙㧝ࡂ࠶࠴ߢ 5mm㧘╙㧞ࡂ࠶࠴ߢߪ 400mm ߣߒߚ㧚ࠧࡓ⹜ᢱߪ㧘SBR 100 ㊀㊂ㇱߦኻߒࠞ࡯ࡏࡦࡉ࡜࠶ࠢ޽ࠆ޿ߪࠪ࡝ࠞࠍ 0, 25, 50, 70 ㇱ㈩วߒߚ߽ߩࠍ↪޿ߚ㧚ฦ⹜ᢱߦߪ☸ሶᓘ 10ȝm ߩࠕ࡞ࡒ࠽☳ᧃ 1 ㊀㊂ㇱࠍ޽ࠄ߆ߓ߼ࠧࡓߦᷙวߒ
ߚ㧚⹜ᢱߩᒻ⁁ߪ㧘ෘߺ߇ 2mm ߢ⋥ᓘ߇ 5cm ߩ౞╴⁁ߣߒߚ㧚⋧ᚻ〝㕙ߦߪ㧘⋥ᓘ߇ 1mm ߩࠟ࡜ࠬ⃿ࠍ⋥✢਄ߦਗߴߚ߽ߩࠍ↪޿ߚ㧚៺ᡂ⹜㛎ߪ㧘Fig.2 ߦ␜ߔ⋥ㅴᑼߩ៺ᡂ⹜㛎ᯏࠍ↪޿ߡ᷹ቯߒߚ㧚ߎߩ⹜㛎ᯏߪ㧘Ꮐฝߦ⒖േน⢻ߥࠬ࠹࡯ࠫ਄ߦ⋧ᚻ〝㕙ࠍ⾍ࠅઃߌ㧘ߘߩ਄ߦ౞╴⁁ߩࠧࡓ⹜㛎 ࠍ᛼ઃߌߡ៺ᡂߐߖࠆⵝ⟎ߢ޽ࠆ㧚౞╴ဳࠧࡓ⹜㛎 ࠍⵝ⌕ߔࠆ࿁ォゲߪࠢ࡜࠶࠴ࠍ஻߃ߡ߅ࠅ㧘৻ቯᣇะߦߒ߆࿁
ォߢ߈ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦߒߡ޽ࠆ㧚៺ᡂജߪ㧘ࠧࡓ⹜㛎 ࠍᡰᜬߔࠆᐔⴕ᧼߫ߨߦขࠅઃߌߚ߭ߕߺࠥ࡯ࠫߦࠃࠅᬌ಴ߒ㧘KEYENCE ⵾ DATALOGGER NR-600 ࠍ↪޿ߡ㧘20ms Ფߦࠨࡦࡊ࡝ࡦࠣߒߚ㧚ࠬ࠹࡯ࠫߪ࠮ࡦࠨ࡯ࠍ஻߃ߡ߅ࠅ㧘࠮ࡦࠨ࡯૏⟎ߦ೔㆐ߔࠆߣㅴⴕᣇะ߇෻ォߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߒߡ޽ࠆ㧚ᓥߞߡ㧘⹜㛎㐿ᆎ⋥ᓟߩࠧࡓ⹜ᢱߪ⥄↱ォേߒ〝㕙਄ࠍォ߇ࠆ߇㧘〝㕙߇ቯ૏⟎ߦ㆐ߔࠆߣㅴⴕᣇะ߇෻ォߒ㧘ࠧࡓ⹜ᢱߪ࿕ቯߐࠇߡ〝㕙਄ࠍṖࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆ㧚Ṗࠅㅦᐲߪ 0.3mm/sߣߒ㧘⩄㊀ߪ 0.6N ߣߒߚ㧚៺ᡂജߣ X ✢േ↹ߣߪ㧘෻ォ૏⟎ߦࠃߞߡหᦼߔࠆߎߣ
Fig.2 Friction apparatus.
߇ߢ߈ߚ㧚㧟㧚⚿ᨐߣ⠨ኤ
BL20XU ߩ╙㧝ࡂ࠶࠴ߢ᷹ⷰߒߚ 1mm ࠟ࡜ࠬ⃿ߣࠧࡓࠍ៺ᡂߐߖߚᤨߩࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦ
ࠣ↹௝ߩ㧝଀ࠍ Fig.3 ߦ␜ߒߚ㧚Fig.3 ߢߪ㧘ࠧࡓਛߦ㈩วߒߚࠕ࡞ࡒ࠽☸ሶ߇᣿⍎ߦ᷹ⷰߐࠇ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩേ߈ࠍㅊ〔ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ㧚⓭⿠߇ㅢㆊߔࠆ㓙ߩ Fig.3 ߩ A㨪D ὐߩⓨ㑆ᐳᮡߩᄌൻࠍ Fig.4 ߦ␜ߒߚ㧚䈖䉏䈮䉋䉏䈳䋬ᦨ⴫㕙䈱 x ゲᣇะ䈱ᄌ૏䈲⚂ 100ȝm 䈪䈅䉎䋮䉁䈢䋬╙㧞ࡂ࠶࠴ߢ᷹ⷰߒߚ 1mm ࠟ࡜ࠬ⃿ߣࠧࡓࠍ៺ᡂߐߖߚᤨߩࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣ↹௝ߩ㧝଀ࠍ Fig.5 ߦ␜ߒߚ㧚Fig.5 ߪ㧘⹜ᢱࠍ㒰޿ߚ⁁ᘒߢ᷹ቯߒߚ㕒ᱛ↹ࠍࡃ࠶ࠢࠣ࡜
࠙ࡦ࠼ߣߒߡᏅߒᒁ޿ߡ⵬ᱜߒߚ↹௝ߢ޽ Fig.3 An X-ray image of rubber specimen
including aluminumoxide particleࠆ㧚ࡃ࠶ࠢࠣ࡜࠙ࡦ࠼⵬ᱜߦࠃߞߡࠕ࡞ࡒ࠽
sliding on the glass sphere with☸ሶࠍࠃࠅ᣿⏕ߦ᷹ⷰน⢻ߣߥߞߚ㧚╙㧞
diameter in 1mm observed at hutch 1.
ࡂ࠶࠴ߢ᷹ⷰߐࠇߚ↹௝ߢߪ㧘⓭⿠߇ㅢㆊߔࠆ㓙ߩࠧࡓ⹜ᢱో૕ߩᄌᒻࠍ᷹ⷰߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߣߥߞߚ㧚ߎࠇߦࠃࠇ߫㧘⴫㕙߆ࠄߩ〒㔌߇600ȝm એ਄ߩࠧࡓߪ߶ߣࠎߤേ߆ߕ㧘ߖࠎᢿጀߩෘߺߪ⚂ 600ȝm ߣផቯߐࠇߚ㧚ᓥߞߡ㧘Fig.4ߩ⚿ᨐߣวࠊߖࠆߣ㧘ߎߩᤨߩߖࠎᢿ߭ߕߺߩ㊂ߪ 15%ߣ⷗Ⓧ߽ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ㧚ߎߩ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ㧘ߎߩᤨߩ៺ᡂജߪࠧࡓߦ 15%ߩߖࠎᢿ߭ߕߺࠍਈ߃ߚᤨߩᔕജߦ╬ߒ޿߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘៺ᡂᤨߦࠧࡓ߇ฃߌࠆ߭ߕߺ㊂ࠍታ㓙ߦ᷹ⷰߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘ࠧࡓߩ‛ᕈ୯ߣ៺ᡂജࠍ⋥ធኻᲧߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߣߥࠆ㧚ߎࠇߦࠃߞߡ㧘ࠧࡓߩ៺ᡂࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓࠍ᣿⏕ߦߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈㧘࠲ࠗࡗ↪ࠧࡓߩ៺ᡂജࠍ㜞߼ࠆߎߣ߽น⢻ߦߥࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚䋭㩷㪈㪉㩷䋭Fig.4 Variation in the coordinate ofpoint A㧙D.

Fig.5 An X-ray image of rubber specimen
including aluminumoxide particle
sliding on the glass sphere withdiameter in 1mm observed at hutch 2.

㧠㧚߹ߣ߼
BL20XU ߩ㜞ノᐲߥ X ✢ࠍ↪޿ߡ㧘ࠧࡓౝㇱߦ㈩⟎ߐࠇߚ☸ሶᓘ 10ȝm ߩࠕ࡞ࡒ࠽☸ሶߩേ߈ࠍㅊ〔ߔࠆᚻᴺࠍ㐿⊒ߒߚ㧚ߎࠇߦࠃߞߡ៺ᡂᤨߩࠧࡓౝㇱߩ߭ߕߺ㊂ࠍ᷹ቯߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ㧚BL20XU ߩ╙㧝ࡂ࠶࠴㧘╙㧞ࡂ࠶࠴ߩਔᣇࠍ↪޿ࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘ⓨ㑆ಽ⸃⢻ 1ȝm ߩ⹦⚦⸃ᨆ߆ࠄⷞ㊁ 3mm ⷺߩᐢ▸࿐ߥ᷹ⷰࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ㧚ߎߩ⚿ᨐ㧘⋥ᓘ 1mm ߩࠟ࡜ࠬ⃿⁁ࠍṖࠆࠧࡓ⴫㕙ߩ߭ߕߺ㊂ߪ߅ࠃߘ 15%ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ㧚ߎߩᚻᴺࠍ↪޿ࠇ߫㧘ࠧࡓߩ‛ᕈ୯ߣ៺ᡂജߩ㑐ଥࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߣߥࠅ㧘៺ᡂജߩ㜞޿࠲ࠗࡗ↪ࠧࡓ㐿⊒ߦᓎ┙ߡࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߥᚻᴺߦࠃࠅࠧࡓౝㇱߩ߭ߕߺ㊂ࠍേ⊛ߦ⸘᷹ߢ߈ࠆߩߪ SPring-8 ߩ㜞ノᐲ X ✢ߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ㧘੹ᓟߩࠧࡓߩᄌᒻࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߩ⸃᣿߿ࠧࡓ⵾ຠߩ㜞ᯏ⢻ൻ߳ߩᔕ↪߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ㧚㧠㧚ᒁ↪ᢥ₂1)✂㊁⋥਽, ౝጊศ㓉, ጤ੗ᥓᤘ:ᣣᧄࠧࡓදળ⹹,74, 110(2001)2)ጤ੗ᥓᤘ, 㐳⼱Ꮉᶈ᮸, ਄↰⺈৻, ౝጊศ㓉:࠻࡜ࠗࡏࡠࠫࠬ࠻, 50, 620(2005)3)N. Amino, M. Mori, Y. Ishikawa, K. Kajiwara: Proceedings of the third Asia international
conference on tribology, Oct 16-19, 2006 Kanazawa, Japan, Vol.2, p789(2006)
4)Payne, A. R.:Rubber Chem. Technol., 39, 365(1966)䋭㩷㪈㪊㩷䋭