REPORTOF THE SCIENTIFIC RESULTSOF THE NORWEGIAN
EXPEDITION TO NOVAYA ZEMLYA lg2l. No. 5.

P A U LA L EXANDER
CHARLESTH E CRANE.FLIES(SUPERFAMILYTIPULOIDEA,ORDER DIPTERA)\TITH 3 TEXT- FIGUR ES

PRINTED

AT THE EXPENSE OF ST AT EN S
AV I919FORSKNINGEFOND

PUBLISHEDBY

VIDENSKAPSSELSKAPBT(r n e so cr n tv

I KRISTIANIAo F ART S AND sclENcE s on xnl srtl N l l )K RI S TI A N I A
A. \ 7. BR@ G G ERSBO KT R Y K K E R I
1922

A/S

IN TR O D U CT I O N.
F|-fr. purposeand itinerary of the NorwegianExpeditionto Novaya
I
Zemlya in l92l have been ably discussedby the leaderof the
Expedition,Dr. Ornr Hot-teonHr-, in the first Report of this series of
papers.l In the present article, the writer wishes to discussthe crane'
fly fauna of Novaya Zemlya as demonstratedby the presentcollection,and to summarizeour knowledgeof these flies from the mainlandsand
islands north of the Arctic Circle. The writer's sincere thanks areextendedto the leaderof the Expedition,Dr. Oup Hor-rEnAHL,andthe zoologist,Mr. FnrnrH;or OrlaNo, for the privilege of studying
these interesting collections of Arctic Tipuloidea. All holotypes anduniques have been depositedin the ZoologicalMuseum in Kristiania,
through the leaderof the Expeditionand the custodianof the collections,
Mr. Lerr R. Nervrc.

T I P U L OID E A S E C U R E D B Y THE EXPEDITION.
Superfamily Tipuloidea.
Family Rhyphtdae.
Genus TrichoceraMelceN.
1800. Petaurista MetopNt Nouv. Class.Mouch., p. 15 (nomen nudem).
1803. TrichoceraMerceN; Illiger's Mag., vol.2, p.262.
l9l l. Paracladura BnuNettt; Rec. Indian Mus., vol. 6, p. 286.

The genusTrichocera,includingthe familiar so-called"winter craneflies", contains about thirty describedspecies,the great majority ofwhich occur in the Holarctic Region. Speciesof this genus have beenrecorded in virtually all of the important collectionsof Arctic craneflies. There has been considerabledoubt as to the specificidentity ofthe speciesof the Northern Hemispherebut the recent studiesof
EDvnnos, De Mrryennand others have done much to place the synonymy of the Europeanspecieson a firm basis.
I HoL ten aF r r - , O lan: Br ief Ac c ount of l the Expedition. Report of the Scientific
Results of the Norwegian Expeditionto No v a y aZ e m I y a 1 9 2 1 .N o . l ; p p . 1 - 1 4 ,plates 3, maps 4; 1922.

C g ,q n l e s P n uL A LexA N D E R . l N onw . N ov. zE MLY A

Trichocerahiemalis (De GeEn).
1776. Tiputa hiemaLisDe Geen; M6m. pour serv.d I'hist. d. Ins., au Tom.VI, p.360.

The collectionincludes seven specimens,representingboth sexes,
distributedas follows:
MatotchkinStrait,July 10, l92l (F. OKLANn).
MashiginFjord, July 29, l92l (F. OrleNo).
Arkhangel Bay, August 14, 1921 (F. ZxI-aNo).
Trichocerahiematis had alreadybeenrecordedfrom Novaya Zemlya by Hor-rrlcneNin his reDort on the insectsoi the island collectedandin 1875. It is also known from Spitzbergen
by NonneNSKIOLD
temperate
andGreenland and has a wide range throughout the cold
regions of Europe.

Family Tipulidae.
Tribe Eriopterini.
Genus Ormosia RoNneNt.
1856. Ormosia RoNnaNl; Dipterologiaeltalicae Prodromus,vol 1, pp. 180, lBl.
1860. RhypholophusKoI-eNatr; Vien. Ent. Monatschr',vol. 4, p' 393. ,.

The genus Ormosia, as above restricted,includes some seventy
species,occurring throughout the Holarctic Region. The writer can see
no sufficient basis for maintainingRhypholophusas distinct from Ormosia. A few species have been recorded from the Arctic lands andanother is describedat this time, the first to be recordedfrom Novaya
Zemlya.
Ormosia holtedahli, sp. n.
General colorationbrorvnishgray; halterespale; wings tingedwith
brown, the stigmadarker; Rn+, and basaldeflectionof Ca' subequal;
basal deflectionofl Cu, beyond the fork of M;2nd Anal vein sinuous
on its distal third.
Female.- Length 4,6-5 mm. ; wing 7,2-"1,8 mm.
Rostrum dark gray; palpi black. Antennae black throughout,theflagellar segmentsoval. Head dark gray.
Pronotum dark gray, the rather elongatescutum with conspicuous
yellow setaeon the lateralportions. Mesonotalpraescutumdark brownish
gray, the median area indistinctly darker, the interspaceswith conspifloveae
elongate,black,shiny; remainder
cuousyellow setae;pseudosuturalof mesonotum dark gray. Pleura clear gray. Halteres pale brownish
yellow. Legs with the coxae concolorouswith the pleura; trochantersdark brown; remainder ofl the legs dark brown. Vings tinged withbrown, the stigma darker brown; veins dark brown. Venation: Scnnear midlength of Rs; Rr+,, subequalto the basaldeflectionof Car;E X P . r 9 2 1 . N O . 5 .]T H e c R e N r-FLIE S .

r at or beyond the fork of Rr+r; cell 2nd R, at wing-margina little
wider than cell R, ; cell /s/ .44,closed,rather small; basal deflectionof Cu, beyond the fork of M; vein 2nd A at abouttwo thirds its length
curved strongly toward vein lsf .4.
yellowsetae,more
Abdomendark brown, clothedwith conspicuous
laterallv. Ovioositorwith the valvesreddishhorn-colored.
consoicuous
Habttat. - Novaya ZemIya (endemic).
Holotype,Q Admiralty Peninsula, August 21, 1921 (F.
Orunn) No. 242.
Paratypes, I ?, Belushii
Bay,July 16,1921(F. Ot<l-nNn) Fig. 1. \(ring of Ormosia fascipennis (Zam.).
No. 63; I 9, Berkh, AugustlB, l92l (F. Zrr-nNn) No. 235;
PomorskayaBay, Matotchkin
Strait, July 7, l92l $. ArcleNo) No. I l.
Urmosiaholtedahli is relatedto O.fascipennls(ZarranFig. 2. Ving of Ormosia holtedahli, sp. nsrenr), differing in the characters given above. The venational differencesare shown in theaccompanying
figuresol the two species.
This interestingTipulid is namedin honor of the Director of theNorwegianExpeditionto NovayaZemlya, 1921,Dr. Olap HoITEDAHL.

Genus PsiloconopaZcTTeRsreor.
1 83 8. Psilocon opaZEr r Ens r EoT, I ns . Lapponic a ,D i p t . , p . 8 4 7 .

The genus Psiloconopaincludessix speciesfrom Europe,together
with an additionalspeciesfrom Japan. The referenceof the present
speciesto this genusis not entirely satisfactory
but there is no othergenusthat can receiveit and it is decidedlyinadvisable
to proposenew
groupsin this complexof generawithoutamplejustificationflorthe move.

Psiloconopa nouae-zemblae,sp. n.
Generalcolorationgray ; dorso-pleuralregionand the lateralmargin
yellow;wingstingedwith gray,variegatedoi the praescutumwith brown;a supernumerarycrossveinin cell Rr; basal deflectionof Cu, before
the fork of M; vein 2nd,4 straight to convex, the anal veins being
stronglydivergent.
Male. - Length 3,3-3,5 mm.; wing 4,5 mm.

C H e n r-a sPa ul A IexA N D E R .

[Nonv. Nov. zEMLyA

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae
short, brownish black.
throughout. Head pare grayish white, thecenter of the vertex darker.
Pronotum brown, the siclesobscureye'ow.
Mesonotarpraescutumwith the disk light grayishbrown, the extreme
lateralmarginsanteriorly
more grayish; lateral margin immediaterycepharadof lne wing-root
conspicuously
light surphur-yeilow; pseudosuturar
foveaeand tubercuratepits black,lying on a transverserever;median areaof the scutumand
the scutellum gray, postnotum brownish gray. pleura.
tigit gray, in_distinctly variegatedwith darker gray; dorsopreurar
membraneobscure yellow. Halteres pale brown, iheknobs a little darker. Legs
with the coxae gray; remainderof the legs
dark brou,n. Vings tinged
with gray, sparsely variegatedwith brown,
the markings being distributedas flollows:A conspicuous
areaat origin
ofl Rs; seamsalongthe cord, outerend ofceil
lst M, and the supernumerarycrossveinincell R, ; veinsdark brown. Venation: Sc long,
psitoconopa

Fig.3. Ving of
nouaezentblae.

Sc, .nOing opposite r; Sc, retreated;;;;-;
midlength of Sc, iying opposite the criginolbeyondtherork n .,f"j =lJ,"f;J,l',j":.#X;"tT"..',?
", of vein R.; celr /s/ 1I4,elongate,gently i:"il:positethe termination

wideneddistally; m about two-thirds the outer deflection "Mr;ofuururdeflectionof cu, before the fork of M, the distancea rittre
longer than r-m; vein
2nd A straightor even convex,divergingvery
strongly from vein rst A.
L_ongitudinalveins beyondthe cord with macrotrichiaea seriesof aboutI
15 on the distal third or vein Ist A, andabout 3 near the distal endof vein 2nd A.
Abdomen dark brownishgray, the caudalmarginsof the tergites
very narrowiy, the lateral margins, more broadly,ochreousyellow;
hypopygiumlarge, dark brown. Mare hypopygiumwith two preurar
appendages,
the outer appendage
deeprybifid ;i apex, the Iaterarspine
smaller; inner pleural appendagesubequarin
length,the apex feebrydila.tedand obtusery rounded. conapoihyses
flatie".o, 1r-.. apex oleach with a chitinizedbrackspine that is directed
strongryraterad.
Habitat. -_ Novaya Zemlya (endemic).
Holotype, l, pomorskaya Bay, Matotchkin
Strait, July 7, lg2l
(F. OnlaNn) No. il.
Paratopotypes,3 c/'s.
Psiloconopanouae-zemblaebearsa strong superficial
resemblance
to Helobia hybrida, this simirarity being heighlenedby the presenceofa supernumerarycrossveinin celr R, a primarycharacteroi tt,. genus
Helobia' However, the divergent anal veins andthe structure of the
hypopygium remove it from Helobia. and, as remarked
above,it seerns
to fit best in psiloconopa, from all of the known
speciesof which it

EXP. r9 2l.No .5.]

T H e c n ,q N e -F L IE S .

is readily told by the presenceof a supernumerarycrossveinin cell
Ru. As has been remarkedearlier by Dr. BencnotH and' other students,
the group of genera centering about Erioptera constitutesa very complex aggregationwhose strict genericlimits are still very unsatisfactorily
understood.
Tribe Tipulini.
Genus Tipula LINtlls,us.
1758. ftpula LInr.r,leus; Syst.Natur., Ed. 10, p. 585.
1864. AnomalopteraLrov; Atti dell' Institut Veneto, ser.3, vol.9, p.218.
188?. Oreomyza Poxonxv; \i(/ien. Ent. Zeitung, vol. 6, p. 50.

Tipula is the largestgenus of crane-fliesin the Vorld. It is oneof the characteristicgenera in high Arctic regions as can be seenfrom
an examinationofl the data presentedin the Bibliography at the endof this paper. Hot-trlcneN recorded nine species of the genus from
Novaya Zemlya, but a subsequentstudy ofl his types by RIeosl and'WlulcneN has reduced this number to seven. Two of HoLtuGReN's
species are in the present material,in addition to a third undescribed
species.
Tipula arctica Cunrts.
183t. Tipula arctica Cunrls; Ross's Voyageto the Arctic Regions,p. LXxvII'

A female,Belushii Bay, MatotchkinStrait,July lg, l92l (F.@rr-lNn) No.94.
A female,Mashigin Fiord, August 8, l92l (F. Orr-.nnn)No. 187b.
The writer is not entirely convinced that these specimens arecongenericwith specimensfrom Arctic America but in the absenceof
male individuals they must be reflerred to T. arctica. This is unquestionablythe speciesdetermined by Hol,ucREN as arctica. The
species,as determined, has a wide range in the Arctic Regions ofAmerica, recurring in Novaya Zemlya.

Tipula carinifrons Hot-tncnnN.
1883. Tipula carinifrons Hol-noReN I Ent. Tidsskrift, vol. 4, p. 184.

This remarkably distinct Tipula twas representedin the present
collectionby the following specimens:
2 males, one female,Matotchkin Strait,July 13, l92l (F. Orr-.,rNn)
No. 54.
A male, BelushiiBay, MatotchkinStrait,July19, l92l (F. Or<uNo)
No. 63.

/CulnlesP,qul AlexeNDER.

[Nonv. Nov. zEMLyA

Tipula aklandi sp. n.
General coloration gray, the praescutumwith four darker graystripes;wings tingedwith gray, the stigmavery conspicuous,
dark brown;
abdomendark gray, the tergiteswith a median brown line.
MaIe. - Length t3 mm.; wing 15.8 mm.
Female.- Length 15 mm.; wing 17,5 mm.
Frontal prolongationof the head short, dark gray, hairy; palpi
black. Antennaeshort in both sexes,black; in the male, the flagellar
segmentsare_slightly incrassatedbasally,the swelling subequalto theremainder of the segment. Head dark gray, the oibits and sides ofthe vertical tubercle whitish gray; vertex with black setae,the center
naked.
Mesonotumdark blue-gray,the praescutumwith four darker grayor bluish gray stripes,the intermediatepair separatedonly by a capillary
Iine of the ground-color;scutal lobes with similar darker centers;scutellumand postnotumcovered with abundantshort erect black setae.
Pleura dark blue-gray, the dorso-pleuralregion obscure ochraceous.
Halteres pale brown, the knobs darker brown. Legs with the coxae
light gray ; trochantersdark gray; femorareddishbrown, the tips rather
narrowly but conspicuouslyblackened;remainder oi the legs brownish
black. \flings tinged with gray; stigma very conspicuous,dark brown;
very conspicuous
whitish obliterativeareasbeforeand beyondthe stigma;
veins dark brown. venation: Petiole of cell .114,
shorter than the cell;veins Ca, and Cun parallel or slightly convergent.
Abdomen dark gray, the tergites with a narrow but conspicuous
brown median stripe. In some maies, the caudal margins of tergites
three and flour are narrowly pale and the median brown line is lessdistinct.Male hypopygiumsmall. Ninth tergiterathermassive,depressed,
the caudal margin very deeply split by a narrow median incision, themesal margins being contiguousor nearly so; apex of each lobe
obliquelytruncated,a little producedat the mesalapicalangle; marginof tergite very narrowly obscurereddishbrown; ninth pleuriterrull,
the suture indicateddorsally; pleural appendagespale reddish brown,
flattened, dilated apically, more or Iess foot-shaped.Ninth sternite
deeply incised medially, the mesal margins contiguous. Eighth sternite
unarmed. ovipositor with the tergal valves elongate,divaricate,themarginssmooth.
Habitat. - Novaya Zemlya (endemic).
Holotype, d, Mashigin Fjord, July 30, lg2l (F. Znr-rNn) No. r55.
Allotype, Q, Belushii Bay, Matotchkin Fjord,
July 17, lg2l (F.
ZxllNo) No. 82.
Paratopotypes, I d, 3 Q's, paratypes, 1 6/, North side o[ Matotchkin Strait,July 13, lg2l (F. Or<r_eNo)
No.54; I d, with the allotype,July 16, l92l (F. Zrr-aNo) No. 63.

E X P . 1 9 2 1 .N O . 5 . ]T s e c R a N e -F L rE S .

This interestingspeciesof Tipula is named in honor of the Zoologistof the Expedition,Mr. FntorH;on ZKL.cNo. It suggestsin its generalappearanceTipula besselsiOsre,NSlcreN, o[ Arctic America, but is avery distinct fly.
In addition to the adult flies discussedin the precedingpages,thecollection made by Mr. Oxt-lno included a few larvae belongingto
crane-flieso[ the genus Tipula. There is no way in which they canbe correctly associatedwith the adults. Since these larvaeevidenceno
peculiaritiesof coloration or structure, they are not discussedfurther
in the present report.

A BIBL IO GR A P H YO F TH E A RCT I CCRA NE - F L I E S .
In order to present succinctlythe problem of distributionof Tipuloidea in the Arctic Regions,the writer has given below a summaryof
the most important literature on the subject, restrictingthese observations to the lands north of the Arctic Circle. Most writers on Arctic
insects have included in this category Iceland and even the Faroe
Islands, both of which are eliminatedby the above restrictions. The
selectionof this artificial boundary has also eliminatedfrom discussion
the numerousTipulidaetakenon the HarrimanAlaskanExpedition,thevarious reports ofl the Pribilof or Fur-seal Islands and the species
reported from Labrador. On the other hand, it allows us to include
the numerous speciesrecorded from Lapland, although this region,
with a climate greatly mollified by the warm westerly winds from off
the Gulf Stream, has a Tipuloideanfauna that is comparablewith thatof SouthernAlaska or Northern Ontario or Quebec. It seemsadvisable,
however, to discuss this fauna of Lapland in some detail as a directcomparison with the fauna of Novaya Zemlya which lies only a few
degreesfurther north, but considerablyto the east so as to be outside
the effects of the westerly winds from off the Atlantic and thus toshow true arctic conditions.

I. General Discussion of the Arctic Tipulidae.
or MeI.Jenn,
J. C. H. Die Dipterender arktischenInseln. FaunaArctica,
pp.
vol. 5,13-72; l9l0 (Tipulidae,pp. 4l-46).
Dn Mer.Jrnerecords 36 speciesof Tipulidae from the Arctic
Islands (includingGreenland)but of these 8 are from Icelandandother regions south of the Arctic Circle, that are not consideredin this paper.

l0

CrI,qRlEs PeuL ALex,qNoeR. lNonv. Nov. zEMLyA

II. Novaya Zemlya.
HoLmcneN,Auc. E. Insectaa viris doctissimisNonnExsr<rolnillum
ducem Sequentibusin Insulsis waigatsch et Nouaja semria anno
1875 collecta.EntomologiskTidsskrift,vol. 4, Diptera,pp. 162190; 1883. Tipulidae,pp. l84-188).
This is the basic list for Novaya Zemlya. The following
Tipulidae are included:
Tipula arctica Cunrrs
Tipula instabilis, nov.
T.
carinifrons, rrov.
T.
diuaricata, nov.
T.
senex, nov.
T.
serricornis Zr.n.(a Prionocera)T.
stagnicola, nov.
T.
lionota, nov.
T.
convexifrons, nov.
Trichocerahiemalis MErc.
T.
serotina, nov.
T.
parua Merc.
JRcoesoN,G. [RussianTitle]. InsectaNovaja-Zemljensia.
In: Compte
rendu de I'expddition,
envoy6epar I'acad6mie
imperialedes sciences
d Novaia zemlia en 6t6 l8g6. Mdrnoiresde i'academie
dessciencesde St. P6tersbourg.ClassePhys.-Math.,
ser.VIII, vol. VIII, no. l,
pp. l-244; 1898 (referenceon pp. l7l-244). The reprint ispagedseparatelyand is so cited by Kert6sz.
This report adds no new records to the knoln fauna of
Novaya Zemlya.
MAnKHAm,A. H. A polar reconnaisance,
being the voyage of the"lsbiorn" to Novaya Zemlya in lBTg: London, 1881, octavo.
Insecta,pp.350-352; Diptera by Meade (p.352).
No authenticspeciesare added to the list, doubtful recordsof
Tipula oleraceaand ?".variipennis being given.
RtEoeI-,M. P. Die palarirktischen
Arten der Dipteren- (Nematocera
polyneura-) GattungTipula L. Abhandlungendes Lehrervereinsfiir Naturkundein Crefeld, l9l3; pp. l-123, pl. 3.
No speciesare addedto the known launa of Novaya Zemlya but
additional notes on Hor-lrlcRnN'sco-types are given, of the greatest
value in determiningthe synonymy of these species.In this paper,
RInnrr places Tipula stagnicola as a synonym of ln.senex and T. instabilis as a synonym of T. serotina, the latter on the authority of\W,qHI-cnr,N.
The number of speciesofl Tipuloideathus known from Novaya
Zemlya is 13, includingten speciesrecordedby Hor-,ncnEN
and threeothers in the present report. Of these speciesnine are endemicto
the Island, one fPrionoceraserricornis (Zzrr.)] occuring elservherein
northern Europe, and the other three fTipula arctica Cunr., Trichocera
hiemalis Merc. and 7. parvq Merc.] with a wide rangein Arctic regions.
The referenceof the last speciesmay be considered
as beingsomewhat
doubtful.

lEXP. 1 92 1.
NO. s.]

III.

T rte c R n N e -F L IE S .

llArctic Siberia and North-eastern Europe.

EnlcnsoN, \f. F. In MrnneNooRFF's
Norden..Reisein den dussersten
und Osten Siberiens".Tome II, Bd. l, Zoologie,1851. Describes
as new Nephrotomaaquilonia (p. 68); as indicatedby Brncnors(uflien. Ent. Zeitung,vol.8, p. 120; 1889) this is a speciesof
Tipula, describedfrom Boganida,Taimyrland,Northern Siberia,
75' N. Latitude.
LuNnsrnOm,CAnL. R6sultatsscientifiquesde I'exp6ditionpolaireRusse
en 1900-1903, sous la directiondu Baron E. Tolr-. Mdmoires
de l'acad6mieimp6riale des sciencesde St. Petersbourg.Classe
Phys.-Math.
Accordingto Dr. FRey, this paper had not appearedin press in
l9l6 and has presumablynot been publishedsince that time owingto
the chaotic conditionsobtainingin Russia. LuNnsrnOmspaper bears
the title ,,Dipteranematocera
aus den arktischenKiistengegenden
Nord
Siberiens". The region involved is the vicinity of the Kara Sea, eastof the mouth of the Yenesei,from the Island ofl Vilitzki to the Gulfof Taimyr.
Rteoel, M. P. R6sultats
scientifiquesde I'exp6dition
des frdresKuznecov
a I'Oural Artique en 1909, sous la direction de H. BacnluNo.
M6moiresde I'acad6mieimpdrialedes sciencesde St. Petersbourg.
Clisse Phys.-Math.,ser.VIII, vol. XXVIII, livr.8, Diptera Nematocera.
The region involved lies between66'40' and 69'20' N. Latitude
and 64" and 78" E. Longitude. Of this report, Rreoel has never seena copy and none has reachedAmericaso far as known to the writer.
That it has been publishedis aflfirmedin a communicationsent to
RIenel by Bnncnots who had seen a copy. The paper describes
Rhicnoptila pllaris, nov., (a Pediciine form with degeneratewings,
probably more correctly referrableto Tricyphona though possibly oneof the Dicranotae;co-typesare in the writers collectionthrough thekindness of Rreoel); Tipula postposita, nov., 7- invenusta, nov., T.
moesta, nov., and Pachyrhina orbitalis, nov., the latter later recorded
by FneY flrom Lapland.

IV. Arctic Northern Europe.
Including Lapland (Swedish,Finnish and Russian)and Tromsci
Stift, Norway (Finmarkensfylke, Tromscjfylke and the northern partof Nordlandsfylke).
Bnncnotu, E. Ueber einigepalaearktische
Tipulidae.Wien. Ent. Zeipp.
tung, vol. 8,
I l3-120; 1889.

t2

CHaRns Paur-AlExaNoen.

[Nonv. Nov. zEMLyA

FnEv' R. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Arthropoden-Faunaim vinter.
Medd. Fauna Flora Fenn.,vol.39, pp. 106-12l; lgl3.
LuNnsrnon, ceRL. Beitriige zur Kenntnis der Dipteren FinlandsII,'l'ipulidae. Acta Soc. FaunaFloraFenn., vol. 2g, pp. 27, 3 pl., 1907.
The same, III, Cylindrotomidaeand Limnobiidae.L. c., vol.
29, pp. 32,2 pl.; 1907.
The same, VIII, supplementZ, Mycetophilidae,Tipulidae,
Cylindrotomidaeand Limnobiidae. L. c., vol. 36, pp. 70, g pl.;1912.
The same IX, supplement4, Bibionidae,Chironomidae,
andTipulidae.(Posthumous,edited by Fnav). L. c., vol. 44, pp. 26,
2 pl.; 1916.
Dipterenaus dem Sarek-Gebiete.Dipteranematocera.Naturwissenschafti.
Untersuchungendes Sarekgebirges
in SchwedischLappland,Bd. IV, Lief.O, pp.666-680, l0 figs.; 1916.
SraeKE,H. EnumeratioInsectorumNorvegicorum.Fasc.IV, catalogum
Dipterorurncontinentum,pp. 255, map, Christiania,1877.
\il/aHr-cneu,ETNAR.Uber einige Zetrensteor'sche
Nemocerentypen.
Arkiv frir Zoologi, Band 2, No.7, pp. l-19; 1904. (Tipulidaeon
pp. l-13).
\il/.q,Lr-aNcneN,
H. D. J. Revisionaf Skandinaviens
Tipulidae. Ent. Tidsskrift, vol. 2,pp. 177-208, l88l ; vol.3, pp. 13-30, tBB2.
wALre n, FnaNcrs. List of the DipterousInsectsin the British Museum,part I, pp. 1-229; lB48 (Tipulidaeon pp.34-84). (The synonymyof the Finmarkenspeciesis establishedby Edwardsin Bergroth,Acta Soc.Fauna Flora Fenn.,vol. 37, no.6, p.g; lgl3).
ZEttERsrEnr,Jou,rr.rNw. InsectaLapponicadescripta,columns ll40;
lB3B-1840 (Dipterain lB38).
Diptera Scandinaviaedispositaet descripta. Vols. I_XIV,
1842- t860.
From Finnish and RussianLapland, LuNnstn6m records r0z
speciesof ripuloidea, very few of which can be consideredas beingtrue arctic forms. These speciesrepresentthe followinggenera,thenumber of includedspeciesbeing givenaftereachgenusin parenthesis:
Trichocera (3), Dicranomyia (ll), Rhipidia (l), Limnobia (3), Dlsco_
bola (l), Orimarga (l), Rhamphidia (t), Ormosia (4), Molophilas (3),Erioptera, s. l. (7), Chionea (2), Psiloconopa(2), Hetobia (t), Rhabdo_
mastix (l), Idioptera (3:),Limnophila, s. l. (S), phyttolabis (t), uta (l),Hexatoma (l), Tricyphona(l), Pedicia (l; Fnny has in press an ad_
ditional species),Dicranota (4), Rhaphid.otabis(r), cylindrotoma (l),Phalacrocera(l), Dolichopeza(l), Tanyptera (2), Dictenidia (l\, prt_
onocera (4), Tipula (29) anO Nephrotoma (l).

EXF. r92r.NO. s.]

THn cn.qI.iE-FLrES.

t3

V. Spitzbergen and Jan Mayen.
BounMAN,C. H. Spetsbergens
Insekt-Fauna.Ofv. Vet. Akad.Fcjrhandl.,
vol. 22, pp. 563-577 ; 1865.
Records Trichocera hiemalis and ?nparva from Spitzbergen,both
specieshaving also beenreportedfrom Novaya Zemlya. Mr. Env.qnos
informs me that the Oxford Expedition to this island securedonly ?'.
Iutea BecseR and the first two recordsare possiblymis-determinations.
BecHsn, E. Insektenvon Jan Mayen, gesammeltvon Dr. F. FrscHen.
InternationalePolarforschung,Beobachtungsergebnisse
vol. 3, pp. 59-66, Pl. V; 1886 (K. Akad. \Wissenschaft.
Vien).
Trichocera lutea is described,known only from the two islands
included in this category.

VI.

Greenland, Bafffnland, Melville Island, Ellesmereland, etc.

AlExanonR, CuRnLes P. New or little-knownCranefliesfrom theUnited States and Canada. Tipulidae, Diptera. Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philadelphia,pp. 579-606; 1914.
Records Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) caudata (LuNoencx) from
Baffinland.
Buncess, E. In Lunwrc KutvtLIEtt's"Contributionsto the Natural
History of Arctic America". Bull. U. S. NationalMuseum,No. 15,
pp. 1-179; 1879. (lnsects on pp. 159-l6l; the only Tipulid(p. 160) is Tipula arctica CuRtrs, from the Gulf of Cumberlandon the Arctic Circle.
Cunrrs, JoHN. Descriptionof the insectsbroughthome by Commander
J. Cunrc Ross. Appendix to Ross's Voyageto the Arctic Regions;1831. Original descriptionof Tipula arctica.
FAnRrcrus,Orro. Fauna Groenlandica,pp. 452; 1780. (lnsecta on
pp. t84-22t).
HsNRlrss,N,Ku L. and LuNneEcK,\frLL. Conspectus
FaunaeGroen(lnsectaet Arachnida).
landicae. Pars secunda. II Landarthropoder.
Meddelelserom Gronland,vol. 22, pp.48l-823; 1917. Tipulidae
on pp. 598-606).
In this list, Lut{oer,cr recordsl3 speciesof Tipulidaefrom Greenland,the identicalnumber known from NovayaZemlya.Thesespeciesare
distributedin the following genera: Dicranomyia (l), Ormosia (2), HeIobia (l), Rhabdomastix(l), Nephrotoma(2), Prionocera(1), Tipula (2)and Trichocera (3). Of these, Trichocera hiemalis and Tipula arctica
are the only oneslikewisefoundin NovayaZemlya. In this list, a comparisonis made betweenthe Tipulidaeof the two coastsof Greenland.

t4

C n a n l e s P ,qul A l ex,qunen.

[xonv' . N ov. zE MLyA

JouRNseN,Fnrtz and NralseN, I. C. The Insectsof the ,,Danmark"Expedition.Meddelelserom Gronland,vol. 43, pp. 35-68, pl. 7,
8 ; 1910.
I General remarks on the lifle of insectsand arachnidsin
north-eastGreenland,pp. 35-54, by JoHaNseN.
II A catalogueof the insectsof north-eastGreenlandrvith
descriptionof some larvae,pp. 55-68, by NrelseN. Observations
made at Latitude 76' 46' North; the life history of Tipula arctica
described.
Ktney, \Wrvr.Supplementto the Appendixof Capt.pARny'sVoyagefor
the discoveryof a North-West passagein the years l8lg- 1820,
pp. ccxrv-ccxrx; London lB24 (MelvilleIsland).
LuNoeecr, V. Diptera groenlandica.I. Vid. Meddel.naturhist.Foren.
Kjcibenhavn,
pp. 236-314; 1898.
\W.,
LuNDsecK,
and Drrcsm.qNN,L H, AstgranlandskeInsekter. Meddelelserom Gronland,vol. 19, pp. 95-120; 18g6.
I. Korte Bemerkninger over Insektlivet,pp. g5-104, byDarcsm.anN.
IL Fortegnelseover de indsamledeInsekter,pp. 105-120,
by LuNnnecr.
NIeLssN,I. C. The Insectsof E,ast-Greenland.
Meddelelser
om Gronland, vol. 29, pp. 363-409; 1907. (Tipulidaeon pp. 372 (tist),38e-3e1).
Twelve speciesare here recorded,all being includedin the morecomprehensive
list by HaNnrnseNand LuNosecK cited before.
OsrrN-Sncr<EN,
C. R. Report on the Diptera brought home by Dr.
Basslr-s from the Arctic Voyage of the "Polaris" in 1872. proc.
Bost.Soc.Nat. Hist., vol. 19, pp. 4l-43; 1876.
These are the most northerly Tipulidaeyet recorded(polarisBay,
82" N. Lat.),includingaTrichocera,possiblyregelationis;Tipula besselsi,nov., and T. nodulicornisZerr. which is now considereda synonymof T. arctica.
St.qeceR,C. Beskrivelseaf GronlandsAntliater. KRoyeR'sNaturhist.
Tidsskrift.,(2), vol. l, pp.346-369; 1845.
Records Ormosia fascipennis (Zr.rr.), Tipula nodulicornis Zrtr.
and Trichocera maculipennis Mr,rc.

VII. The Canadian Arctic North-west and Alaska.
AI-Ex.qNoeR,
CHenles P. New NearcticCrane-flies(Tipulidae,Diptera)
Pdrt IV. CanadianEntomologist,
vol. 50, pp. 60-71; lgl8.
DescribesTipula coracina from Point Barrow, Alaska, andT. bergrothianalrom the Koyukuk River, Aiaska(Lat. G7'-69' N.).

E X P . 1 9 2 1 .N O . 5 . ]T H e c n l N E-F L rE S .

l5

New NearcticCrane-flies(Tipulidae,Diptera)Part V. Canadian
Entomologist,
vol. 50, pp. 242-246; 1918.
DescribesTipulae kirbyana flrom Point Barrow, Alaska.
The Crane-fliescollectedby the CanadianArctic Expedition,
l9l3-1918. Report of the CanadianArcticExpedition,l9l3-18,
vol. III, Insects;Part C, Diptera; pp. 3c-30c; 1919.
Records from the CanadianNorth-west, the following number of
species,almost all new to science: Erioptera (l), Dactylolabis (l),Tricyphona (1), Prionocera (2), Nephrotoma (l), Tipula (7) and Trichocera(l). The immature stagesof Tipula arctica and the supposed
immature stagesof Prionocera parrii are described.
The Crane-fliesof New York. Part I. Distributionand Taxonomyof the Adult Flies. Cornell UniversityMemoir 25, pp. 765-993; 1919.
Systematic account of Rhabdom.astixcaudata, Tipula arctica, T.
besselsiand other Arctic American Tipulidae.
The Crane-fliesof New York. Part II. Biology and Phylogeny.
Cornell UniversityMemoir 38, pp.69l-1133; 1921.
Referencesto the biology of Tipula arctica, Prionocera parrii andother Arctic American Tipulidae.
From Arctic Northwestern North America, about l7 species ofTipuloidea have been recorded,of which 15 are endemic. All of these
species have been recorded subsequentlyto the appearanceof thegenerallist of Arctic Diptera by nr Meryene.

SUMMARY.
From the islands of Novaya Z,emlya,a total of 13 speciesof
Tipulidae and Rhyphidaehave now been recorded. 9 of these species
are endemic, 3 having been discoveredby the Norv/egianExpeditionoF 1921. Of the speciesthat are not confined to the islands,3 arewidely distributedin the Arctic regions. One other is found elsewherein Northern Europe.
Excluding from considerationthe fiaunaof continentalEuropelying
north of the Arctic Circle, the crane-fliesoF the Arctic Regionmay besummarizedas follows:
The launa as listed by nn MeI.;Enn(1910),excludingIcelandandother pointssouth of the Arctic Circle, included28 speciesof Tipuloidea,
the list being further reducedto 26 by the discovery o[ the synonymy
of certain of the Novaya Zemlya speciesof Tipula. To this list may
be added 6 speciesfrom Arctic Europe and Asia, and 15 from Arctic
North America, making a total of 46 speciesof truly Arctic Tipuloidea'

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Csnups Plur, AIexANDER:THe cnaNe_FLrES.

{of these species,g are endemic to Novaya zemlya,S to Arctic
Europeand Asia, I to the islands of spitzbergenand
Jan Mayen, and 20 to
Arctic North America,includingGreenland,a total of 35. The
remaining
I I species are widely distributed in the Arc.tics (Tiputa arctica)oroccur elsewherein Northern Europe. '7 of the 13 known Tipuloidea
of Greenlandoccur also in Northern Europe.

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Printed October l7th, 1922.