INTRODUCTION
The Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV) program originated in 1970 under the North

Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society andwas implemented through memorandums of understanding between the Governments of

the United States, France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, Japan, and Sweden. The

participating nations agreed to develop experimental safety vehicles to advance the stateof- the-art technology in automotive safety engineering and to meet periodically toexchange information on their progress. Since its inception the number of international
partners has grown to include the Governments of Canada, Australia, The Netherlands,Hungary, Poland, Republic of Korea, and one international organization the EuropeanCommission. A representative from each country/organization serves as a Government
Focal Point in support of the ESV program.

In the interest of information exchange, the U.S. Department of Transportation, National

Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), distributes the Proceedings of the 27th

International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles. The technical papers
in this publication detail safety research efforts underway worldwide and share the common
interest of reducing motor vehicle related fatalities and injuries.

The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in the publications are the original written
work of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the U.S. Department of Transportation,National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Traditional papers are accepted after thecorresponding abstracts undergo technical review. To enhance the scientific content, several
papers were accepted for peer-review and published in a special edition of Traffic Injury

Prevention by Taylor and Francis Group. These papers are available to the public via 27thESV 2023 -Yokohama, Japan (dot.gov) at no cost.

On behalf of the Conference Organizing Committees, we thank our international
27th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles | Yokohama, Japan, | April 3-6, 2023

participants for their dedication and support of the 27th ESV Conference and look forward toyour future participation.

ESV 2023 NHTSA Organizing Committee
Technical Organization
U.S. Department of Transportation
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA) ESV Government Focal Point Chairman
Cem Hatipoglu
Associate Administrator
Vehicle Safety Research
Email: Cem.Hatipoglu@dot.gov
NHTSA Organization CommitteeStephen Summers
Director
Office of Vehicle Crashworthiness Research
ESV General Chair
Email:

Stephen.Summers@dot.gov

Tim Johnson
DirectorVehicle Research and Test Center
Email: Tim.Johnson@dot.gov
Dee Williams
Deputy Associate
Administrator
Vehicle Safety Research
ESV Operations Manager andU.S. Government Awards
Coordinator
Email: Dee.Williams@dot.gov

Jane Doherty
Director
International Policy, Fuel
Economy, andConsumer Programs
ESV International Liaison
Email: Jane.Doherty@dot.gov
Kevin Moorhouse
Division Chief
Applied Biomechanics
Vehicle Research and Test Center
ESV Technical Program Lead
Email: Kevin.Moorhouse@dot.gov
Whitney Tatem
General EngineerVehicle Safety ResearchStudent Safety Technology Design Competition
Coordinator
Email:

Whitney.Tatem@dot.gov

Lisa Floyd
Budget Analyst
Vehicle Safety Research
NHTSA ESV Exhibit and Logistics Coordinator
Email: Lisa.Floyd@dot.gov

27th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles | Yokohama, Japan, | April 3-6, 2023

27TH ESV CONFERENCE GOVERNMENT FOCAL POINT MEMBERSGFP MEMBERS

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | Cem Hatipoglu, PhD.
Associate Administrator for Vehicle Safety ResearchNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Email: Cem.Hatipoglu@dot.gov

AUSTRALIA | Thomas Belcher
Standards Development and International
Vehicle Safety Standards | Surface Transport Policy
Email: thomas.belcher@infrastructure.gov.au
CANADA | Peter Burns
Chief, Ergonomics & Crash AvoidanceTransport Canada
Email: peter.burns@tc.gc.ca
GERMANY | Professor Markus Oeser
Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt)
Email: praesident@bast.de

HUNGARY | János Déak
Head of the Technical Co-ordination Centre for EU and UN-ECE Activities on
Road Vehicles
KTI/Institute for Transport Sciences
Email: deak.janos@kti.hu
ITALY | Antonio Erario
Head of Division I, International Regulation Affairs
Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport, Department for Transport
Email: antonio.erario@mit.gov.it
JAPAN | Kenji Sato
Director, International Policy Planning Division, Road Transport Bureau
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT), Japan
Email: hqt-esv2023@gxb.mlit.go.jp
REPUBLIC OF KOREA | Hyeock Kim
Deputy Director
Motor Vehicles Policy Division of MOLIT
Email: kkimax@korea.kr
SWEDEN | Matteo Rizzi, PhD.
AnalystRoad Safety Department
Swedish Transport Administration
Email: matteo.rizzi@trafikverket.seTHE NETHERLANDS | Peter Striekwold
Manager, Vehicle Standards Development RDW
Email: pstriekwold@rdw.nl
UNITED KINGDOM | Jim Hand
Head of Safety Systems and Consumer Incentives
International Vehicle Standards Division
Department for Transport
Email: Jim.hand@dft.gov.uk
27th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles | Yokohama, Japan, | April 3-6, 2023

27th ESV TECHNICAL SESSION CHAIRS & CO- CHAIRSTechnical Session

Session Chair, Country

Session Co-Chair, Country

Protection of Vulnerable Road Users and Child Suzanne Tylko, Canada
Yasuhiro Matsui, Japan
Occupants
Safety Performance in Frontal and Rear Crashes Stephen Summers, United States Younghan Youn, Republic ofKorea
Active Safety Systems for Crash Avoidance: Jost Gail, Germany
New Systems and Technologies

Genya Abe, JapanAdvances in Experimental and Mathematical
Biomechanics and Human Injury ResearchDr. Matthew Craig, United States André Eggers, Germany

Safety Performance in Side Impact andRollover Crashes

Thomas Belcher, Australia

Lori Summers, United States
Driving Automation Systems: ProductEvolution; Safety Performance Assessment; andReal-World Deployment Challenges

Dr. Cecilia Sunnevång, Sweden
Philippe Vezin, France

Advances in Crash Test Dummies,
Instrumentation, and Data Analysis

Dr. Kevin Moorhouse, UnitedStatesAtsuhiro Konosu, JapanOne Step Ahead Integrated Vehicle Safety
Technologies

Jac Wismans, The Netherlands

Dr. Matteo Rizzi, Sweden

Human Factors Considerations for ADAS andADS Technologies

Peter Burns (Canada)

Stacy Balk, United States

Consumer-Focused Approaches to Promote
Vehicle Safety in the Automotive Market

Andre Seeck, Germany

Michiel van Ratingen, Belgium

Opportunities and Challenges of Applying
Marcus Wisch, Germany
Dee Williams, United States
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning
Techniques to Enhance Vehicle Safety
Developing and Adapting Safety Assessment Peter Striekwold, The Netherlands Toshiya Hirose, JapanApproaches for Vehicles with ADS (SAE Levels
3, 4 and 5)
Restraint System Design and Performance
Jim Hand, United Kingdom
Nils Lubbe, Sweden
Challenges: Addressing the Needs of Diverse
Populations (Age, Gender, Stature)
New and Improved Field Data Collection, Rikard Fredriksson, Sweden
Tetsuya Niikuni, Japan
Analysis, and Benefits Assessment Methods

27th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles | Yokohama, Japan, | April 3-6, 2023

U.S. GOVERNMENT AWARD RECIPIENTS
Presented at the 27th ESV Conference - Yokohama Pacifico North
U.S. Government Special Awards of AppreciationIn recognition of and appreciation for outstanding leadership and special

contributions in the field of motor vehicle safety
Professor Dr. Lothar Wech
Dr. Terunao Kawai
Dr. Koji Mizuno
Dr. Cecilia SunnevångDeborah Hersman
Jane Lappin

GermanyJapanJapan
SwedenUnited States
United States

U.S. Government Awards for Safety Engineering Excellence

In recognition of and appreciation for exceptional scientific contributions in the fieldof motor vehicle safety engineering and for distinguished service to the motoring
publicDr. Markus Hermle
Dr. Yuichi Kitagawa
Dr. Atsuhiro Konosu
Yoichi Sugimoto
Dr. YukouTakahashi
Dr. Katarina Bohman
Rini Sherony
Eric Heitkamp
Dr. Thomas Dingus

GermanyJapanJapanJapanJapan
SwedenUnited States
United States
United States

27th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles | Yokohama, Japan, | April 3-6, 2023

Student Design Competition finalist teams
ASIA PACIFIC

Coordinator: Masashi Yukawa
Project Title: Development of Modified Dummy to Evaluate Rib Fracture for Elderly Occupants
School: Nihon University

Competition Category: Dummy Design and Instrumentation
Project Title: Fast Autonomous Cornering Without Causing Rollover Based on the Detection of ThreeDimensional Center of Gravity (D3DCG)

School: Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
Competition Category: Automated Driving Systems

EUROPE

Coordinator: Peter Striekwold
Project Title: Safety Risk-based Vehicle Control System, Applying V2V Communication Especially
Considering Cyberattack Sensitive Network Performance Metrics (NPMs) and Vehicle Dynamics
Parameters (VDPs)

School: Budapest University of Technology and Economics

Competition Category: Vehicle Electronics Safety and Cybersecurity

NORTH AMERICA

Coordinator: Whitney Tatem
Project Title: Interfacing Pedestrians, Automated Vehicles, and Connected Infrastructure: A Novel
Application for Resolving Right-of-Way Conflicts
School: Oregon State University

Competition Category: Pedestrian Crash Avoidance
Project Title: SMART Hands: Hand Activity Analysis and Distraction Alerts Using a Multi-camera
Framework

School: University of California, San Diego

Competition Category: Distraction Prevention and Mitigation
27th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles | Yokohama, Japan, | April 3-6, 2023

Project Title: LIFE SAVIORS: Lighting Interface for Effective Signaling of Adjacent Vehicles in Occupant
Risk Scenarios

School: Virginia Tech

Competition Category: Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)

27th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles | Yokohama, Japan, | April 3-6, 2023