Operation plans and Luminosity projections:- near-term and middle-term Y. Suetsugu
Accelerator Laboratory, KEK

2020/2/3

B2GM 2020/2/3 KEK

1Contents• Some results of Phase-3 2019c run at a glance
Details were covered by Ohnishi-san• Operation plans and luminosity projections• Near term (~2020/June, ~2021/March=FY2020)• Middle term (~2023/March=FY2022)• Summaries

2020/2/3

B2GM 2020/2/3 KEK

2Some results of Phase-3 2019c run
Luminosity plan
presented in
2019/10/27 BPAC●

2020/2/3

B2GM 2020/2/3 KEK

Cal, Assumption

3Some results of Phase-3 2019c run
Cal., Assumption■ Result in 2019c●

I [A] ( 𝐼+ 𝐼− )Beam dose [Ah]P x I [Pa A]
BG from storage beam

Lsp x by* [x1031 cm-1s-1] vs
Ib+xIb-[mA2]

Belle HV on~0.5A

Belle HV on(Result in
2019b)~300Ah(Result in
2019b)

at by*=1mm

by* [mm]

Lp [x1034 cm-2s-1]

Int. L [fb-1]

B-B param. (HER)

1.14E34cm-2s-1

1mm(Result in
2019b)~4fb-1
2020/2/3

B2GM 2020/2/3 KEK

4Some results of Phase-3 2019c run
Cal., Assumption■ Result in 2019c●

I [A] ( 𝐼+ 𝐼− )Beam dose [Ah]P x I [Pa A]
BG from storage beam

Lsp x by* [x1031 cm-1s-1] vs
Ib+xIb-[mA2]

Belle HV on~0.5A

Belle HV on(Result in
2019b)~300Ah(Result in
2019b)

at by*=1mm

Beam currents

Almost achieved

Beam dose

Achieved

P x I (a measure of BG

Lsp x by* (a measurefrom storage beam)of BB effect)

Higher than expected

70~80% of
expectation

Collimator tuning
Baking of collimators
Vacuum scrubbing
2020/2/3

B2GM 2020/2/3 KEK

5Some results of Phase-3 2019c run
Cal., Assumption■ Result in 2019c●by* [mm]at by*=1mm

Lp [x1034 cm-2s-1]

Int. L [fb-1]

B-B param. (HER)

1.14E34cm-2s-1
~0.02
1mm

(Result in
2019b)~4fb-1by*Luminosity

Integrated luminosity

Beam-Beamparameter (HER)

Achieved

Achieved~50 %70~80% of
expectation

Low currents duringphys. run
Short time for phys. run

Need more study
and tuning

2020/2/3

B2GM 2020/2/3 KEK

6Operation plans and luminosity projections
1. Near term-1 (~2020/June)• Here the luminosity projection was re-evaluatedbased on the 2019c result and operation plan.
(1) Base (conservative) plan
Assumptions:
1) 2020a run starts from 2020/3/2.
LER starts 2020/2/25 for vac. scrubbing and tuning.
2) 2020a and b runs are basically dedicated to physics run. (~100 days
for physics run)3) by* is kept at 1 mm.

SuperKEKB 2020a, b Operation Plan

2020
February1

BT Study

11

March
21

1

11

April
21

1

11

May
21

1

11

June
21

1

11

21

Linac, BT StudyMR
Owl shiftDay shift
Swing shft
Machine study

21 Shifts
b y*=1.0 mm

Physics run 292 Shifts
Linac study

32 Shifts

Detuned optics

Maintenance16 Shifts

Vacuum scrubbing

Luminosity tuning

Total 361 Shifts

Note: Details of the commissioning plan was reported by Ohnishi-san.
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Operation plans and luminosity projections
1. Near term-1 (~2020/June)• Here the luminosity projection was re-evaluatedbased on the 2019c results.
(1) Base (conservative) plan
Assumptions:
1) 2020a run starts from 2020/3/2.
LER starts 2020/2/25 for vac. scrubbing and tuning.
2) 2020a and b runs are basically dedicated to physics run. (~100 days
for physics run)3) by* is kept at 1 mm.
4) BG from injection beams is improved. (stable injection, low emittance)

An essential point in the future commissioning!

2020/2/3

B2GM 2020/2/3 KEK

8Operation plans and luminosity projections
1. Near term-1 (~2020/June)• Here the luminosity projection was re-evaluatedbased on the 2019c results.
(1) Base (conservative) plan
Assumptions:
1) 2020a run starts from 2020/3/2.
LER starts 2020/2/25 for vac. scrubbing and tuning.
2) 2020a and b runs are basically dedicated to physics run. (~100 days
for physics run)3) by* is kept at 1 mm.
4) BG from injection beams is improved. (stable injection, low emittance)5) Using proven beam-beam effect in 2019c.

2020/2/3

B2GM 2020/2/3 KEK

9Operation plans and luminosity projections
1. Near term-1 (~2020/June)• Here the luminosity projection was re-evaluatedbased on the 2019c results.
(1) Base (conservative) plan
Assumptions:
1) 2020a run starts from 2020/3/2.
LER starts 2020/2/25 for vac. scrubbing and tuning.
2) 2020a and b runs are basically dedicated to physics run. (~100 days
for physics run)3) by* is kept at 1 mm.
4) BG from injection beams is improved. (stable injection, low emittance)5) Using proven beam-beam effect in 2019c.
6) Similar background level (storage beam) as 2019c.
7) Expecting vacuum scrubbing of LER(Decrease in dP/dI is proportional
to 1/BD). → Increase in beam currents.
8) Efficiency of integrated luminosity is 70% of peak luminosity.
9) 1576 bunches
2020/2/3

B2GM 2020/2/3 KEK

10Operation plans and luminosity projections
1. Near term-1 (~2020/June)
Cal., Assumption
Result in 2019c(1) Base (conservative) plan●■

I [A] ( 𝐼+ 𝐼− )Beam dose [Ah]P x I [Pa A]
BG from storage beam

~1.8 kAh

Lsp x by* [x1031 cm-1s-1] vs
Ib+xIb-[mA2]

Belle HV on(Result in
2019b)~0.8A(Result in
2019c)

Belle HV on

at by*=1mm

by* [mm]

Lp [x1034 cm-2s-1]

Int. L [fb-1]

B-B param. (HER)~0.02
2.2E34cm-2s-1
1mm

2020/2/3~100 fb-1(Result in
2019b)

B2GM 2020/2/3 KEK

11Operation plans and luminosity projections
1. Near term-1 (~2020/June)• Hardware improvements during winter shutdown
and their expected effects‒ Additional V-type beamcollimator

BG reduction
Increase inbeam currents

2020/2/3

B2GM 2020/2/3 KEK

12Operation plans and luminosity projections
1. Near term-1 (~2020/June)• Hardware improvements during winter shutdown
and their expected effects‒ Additional V-type beamcollimator‒ Replacement and activationof RF-gun cathode‒ Establishment of 2-bunch
injections

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BG reduction
Increase inbeam currents

13

Operation plans and luminosity projections
1. Near term-1 (~2020/June)• Hardware improvements during winter shutdown
and their expected effects‒ Additional V-type beamcollimator‒ Replacement and activationof RF-gun cathode‒ Establishment of 2-bunch
injections‒ Preparation of Crab waist
schemeBG reduction
Increase inbeam currents

Beam-beam parameter
improvement(Beam Tail , BG ,
Currents , → Lumi. )• Improvements in BG, optics and beam dynamics
issues are also expected by machine studies
during beam operation.
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Operation plans and luminosity projections
1. Near term-1 (~2020/June)(2) Possible (expected) plan
Assumptions:
1) 2020a run starts from 2020/3/2.
LER starts 2020/2/25 for vac. scrubbing and tuning.
2) 2020a and b runs are basically dedicated to physics run. (100 days forphysics run)3) by* is kept at 1 mm.
4) BG from injection beams is improved. (stable injection, low emittance)5) Similar beam-beam effect as 2019c, but still expecting some
improvement by 30~50%.

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Operation plans and luminosity projections
1. Near term-1 (~2020/June)(2) Possible (expected) plan
Assumptions:
1) 2020a run starts from 2020/3/2.
LER starts 2020/2/25 for vac. scrubbing and tuning.
2) 2020a and b runs are basically dedicated to physics run. (100 days forphysics run)3) by* is kept at 1 mm.
4) BG from injection beams is improved. (stable injection, low emittance)5) Similar beam-beam effect as 2019c, but still expecting some
improvement by 30~50%.
6) Similar background level (storage beam) as 2019c.
7) Expecting vacuum scrubbing of LER(Decrease in dP/dI is proportional
to 1/BD). → Further increase in beam currents.
8) Efficiency of integrated
luminosity is 70% of peakluminosity.
9) 1576 bunches
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16

Operation plans and luminosity projections
1. Near term-1 (~2020/June)
Cal., Assumption
Result in 2019c(2) Possible (expected) plan●■

I [A] ( 𝐼+ 𝐼− )Beam dose [Ah]P x I [Pa A]
BG from storage beam

Lsp x by* [x1031 cm-1s-1] vs
Ib+xIb-[mA2]~1.8 kAh~0.9A(Result in
2019b)(Result in
2019c)

Belle HV on

at by*=1mm

by* [mm]

Lp [x1034 cm-2s-1]

3.5E34cm-2s-1

1mm

2020/2/3

Int. L [fb-1]~150 fb-1

B-B param. (HER)~0.03(Result in
2019b)

B2GM 2020/2/3 KEK

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Operation plans and luminosity projections
1. Near term-1 (~2020/June)
Interim summary
Until 2020/7/1
Int. L [fb-1]

Lp [E34]

Imax[A]

by* [mm]Base (conservative) plan

100

2.2

0.8

1

Possible (expected) plan

150

3.5

0.9

1

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Operation plans and luminosity projections
1. Near term-2 (~2021/March=FY2020)
Operation plan

• FY2020 Budget for SuperKEKB projectAs reported by Ushiroda-san‒ Assuming the average unit cost of electricity to
be kept, we can operate for 5.4 months withFY2020 project budget alone.
‒ We aim to add 1.1 months (= 6.5 months in total)(cost cut here and there, hope for world peace andstable electricity cost, and extra budget from DG).

• Here we considered two cases;(1) Case N1: 6.5 months operation in FY2020(2) Case N2: 5.4 months operation in FY2020

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Operation plans and luminosity projections
1. Near term-2 (~2021/March=FY2020)
Assumptions:
1) 6.5 months operation.
4/1~7/1 (3 mo), 10/13~12/25 (~2.4 mo), 2/22~3/31 (~1.1 mo)
5.4 months operation.
4/1~7/1 (3 mo), 10/13~12/25 (~2.4 mo)Case N1(6.5mo)Case N2(5.4mo)2021

2020/2/3

2021

3 mo

2.4 mo

1.1 mo3 mo

2.4 mo

b

c

a

b

c

B2GM 2020/2/3 KEK

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Operation plans and luminosity projections
1. Near term-2 (~2021/March=FY2020)
Assumptions:
1) 6.5 months operation.
4/1~7/1 (3 mo), 10/13~12/25 (~2.4 mo), 2/22~3/31 (~1.1 mo)
5,4 months operation.
4/1~7/1 (3 mo), 10/13~12/25 (~2.4 mo)
2) 2020c is dedicated to squeeze by*. (as in the case of 2019c)
by* = 1.0 mm → 0.7 mm → 0.5 mm in 1 month2021a is dedicated to physics run (Case N1)

Case N1(6.5mo)Case N2(5.4mo)

2021

2021

3 mo

2.4 mo

1.1 mo3 mo

2.4 mo

b

c

a

b

c

by*->0.5mm

by*->0.5mm

Pysics run

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Operation plans and luminosity projections
1. Near term-2 (~2021/March=FY2020)
Assumptions:
1) 6.5 months operation.
4/1~7/1 (3 mo), 10/13~12/25 (~2.4 mo), 2/22~3/31 (~1.1 mo)
5,4 months operation.
4/1~7/1 (3 mo), 10/13~12/25 (~2.4 mo)
2) 2020c is dedicated to squeeze by*. (as in the case of 2019c)
by* = 1.0 mm → 0.7 mm → 0.5 mm in 1 month2021a is dedicated to physics run (Case N1)3) Specific luminosity at low bunch currents is proportional to 1/ by*.
Specific luminosity vs 1/by*

Result until 2019c

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Operation plans and luminosity projections
1. Near term-2 (~2021/March=FY2020)
Assumptions:
1) 6.5 months operation.
4/1~7/1 (3 mo), 10/13~12/25 (~2.4 mo), 2/22~3/31 (~1.1 mo)
5,4 months operation.
4/1~7/1 (3 mo), 10/13~12/25 (~2.4 mo)
2) 2020c is dedicated to squeeze by*. (as in the case of 2019c)
by* = 1.0 mm → 0.7 mm → 0.5 mm in 1 month2021a is dedicated to physics run (Case N1)3) Specific luminosity at low bunch currents is proportional to 1/ by*.
4) Beam background is independent of by* .

Also a key point in the future commissioning!

2020/2/3

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Operation plans and luminosity projections
1. Near term-2 (~2021/March=FY2020)
Assumptions:
1) 6.5 months operation.
4/1~7/1 (3 mo), 10/13~12/25 (~2.4 mo), 2/22~3/31 (~1.1 mo)
5,4 months operation.
4/1~7/1 (3 mo), 10/13~12/25 (~2.4 mo)
2) 2020c is dedicated to squeeze by*. (as in the case of 2019c)
by* = 1.0 mm → 0.7 mm → 0.5 mm in 1 month2021a is dedicated to physics run (Case N1)3) Specific luminosity at low bunch currents is proportional to 1/ by*.
4) Beam background is independent of by* .
dP/dI of LER
5) Expecting steady vacuum scrubbing ofLER.
6) Efficiency of integrated luminosity
is 70% of peak luminosity.
7) 1576 bunches

2020/2/3

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24

Operation plans and luminosity projections
1. Near term-2 (~2021/March=FY2020)• Hardware improvements during 2020 summer
shutdown and their possible effects‒ Additional V-type beamcollimator

BG reduction
Increase inbeam currents

2020/2/3

B2GM 2020/2/3 KEK

25

Operation plans and luminosity projections
1. Near term-2 (~2021/March=FY2020)• Hardware improvements during 2020 summer
shutdown and their possible effects‒ Additional V-type beamcollimator

BG reduction‒ 50Hz injection from Linac

Increase inbeam currents‒ e+ charge increase(FC power up)•

Improvements in BG, optics and beam
dynamics issues are also expected by machinestudies during beam operation.

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Operation plans and luminosity projections
1. Near term-2 (~2021/March=FY2020)
Cal., Assumption
Result in 2019c(1) Case N1: 6.5 months operation●■

I [A] ( 𝐼+ 𝐼− )Beam dose [Ah]~1.1A

~3.7 kAh

P x I [Pa A]
BG from storage beam

Lsp x by* [x1031 cm-1s-1] vs
Ib+xIb-[mA2](Result in
2019b)(Result in
2019c)

at by*=1mm

by* [mm]

Lp [x1034 cm-2s-1]~9.5E34cm-2s-1~500 fb-1

B-B param. (HER)~0.034(Result in
2019b)

0.5 mm2020/2/3

Int. L [fb-1]

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27

Operation plans and luminosity projections
1. Near term-2 (~2021/March=FY2020)
Cal., Assumption
Result in 2019c(2) Case N2: 5.4 months operation●■

I [A] ( 𝐼+ 𝐼− )~1 ABeam dose [Ah]P x I [Pa A]
BG from storage beam

Lsp x by* [x1031 cm-1s-1] vs
Ib+xIb-[mA2]~2.8 kAh(Result in
2019b)(Result in
2019c)

at by*=1mm

by* [mm]

Lp [x1034 cm-2s-1]~8.1E34cm-2s-1~320 fb-1

B-B param. (HER)~0.032(Result in
2019b)

0.5 mm2020/2/3

Int. L [fb-1]

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28

Operation plans and luminosity projections
1. Near term-2 (~2021/March=FY2020)
Interim summary
Until 2020/7/1

Until 2021/3/31

Int. L[fb-1]

Lp
[E34]

Imax
[A]

by*
[mm]

Base (conservative) plan

100

2.2

0.8

1

Possible (expected) plan

150

3.5

0.9

1

Case N1:
6.5 months operation

150

3.5

0.9

Case N2:
5.4 months operation

150

3.5

0.9

2020/2/3

B2GM 2020/2/3 KEK

Int. L[fb-1]

Lp
[E34]

Imax
[A]

by*
[mm]

1

500

9.5

1.1

0.5

1

320

8.1

1

0.5

29

Operation plans and luminosity projections
2. Middle term (~2023/March=~FY2022)
Operation plans
Here we considered three cases:(6.5mo)(1) Case M1

(5mo)

2023
3 mo

2.4 mobc

4.1 mo
a

b

3 mo
c

(5.4mo)(2) Case M2

PXD exc. 9 mo

3 mo 2 mo
c

(5mo)

a

(7mo)

2023
3 mo

2.4 mo

3 mo

b

c

c

PXD exc. 9 mo

(5.4mo)(3) Case M3

2020/2/3

(6mo)

5 mo
a

b

2 mo 2 mo
c

(6mo)

a

(5mo)

2023
3 mo

2.4 mo

3 mo

3 mo

b

c

b

c

B2GM 2020/2/3 KEK

PXD exc. 9 mo

3 mo 2 moca30

Operation plans and luminosity projections
2. Middle term (~2023/March=~FY2022)
Assumptions:
1) We basically aim 7 months operation/year (~2022).
(more operation budget and further cost down!)
2) 2021c is dedicated to squeeze by*. (as in the case of 2020c)
by* = 0.5 mm → 0.4 mm → 0.3 mm (Still Specific Lumi.  1/by*)
3) Bunch number is increased to from 1576 to 2500 from 2023a.
4) Further improvement in BG, beam-beam effect and so on.
5) Other assumptions are the same as before.

For Case 1 (typical)
I [A]

Lsp x by* [x1031 cm-1s-1] vs
Ib+xIb-[mA2]

B-B param. (HER)~0.04~1.7 A(~12 kAh)(Result in
2019b)

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Operation plans and luminosity projections
2. Middle term (~2023/March=~FY2022)(1) Case M1~2.6E35cm-2s-1(2) Case M2~2.5E35cm-2s-1~3.4 ab-1~3.4 ab-1(3) Case M3~2.4E35cm-2s-1• Case M1 and M2• Lp and Int. L are finally almost
the same, but the difference
around 2021 is large.

~2.7 ab-1

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Operation plans and luminosity projections
2. Middle term (~2023/March=~FY2022)(1) Case M1~2.6E35cm-2s-1(2) Case M2~2.5E35cm-2s-1~3.4 ab-1~3.4 ab-1(3) Case M3~2.4E35cm-2s-1~2.7 ab-1• Case M1 and M2• Lp and Int. L are finally almost
the same, but the difference
around 2021 is large.

• Case M1 and M3• Lp and Int. L of M3 are lower
than those in M1 due to short
run time (low beam currents).

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Operation plans and luminosity projections
2. Middle term (~2023/March=~FY2022)
Interim summary
Until 2022/3/1

Until 2023/3/31

Int. L[ab-1]

Lp
[E34]

Imax
[A]

by*
[mm]

Int. L[ab-1]

Lp
[E34]

Imax
[A]

by*
[mm]

Case M1:
FY2020 6.5 months
PXD exc. 2022

1.5

19

1.3

0.3

3.4

26

1.7

0.3

Case M2:
FY2020 5.4 months
PXD exc. 2021

0.6

16

1.1

0.3

3.4

25

1.6

0.3

Case M3:
FY2020 5.4 months
PXD exc. 2022

1.2

17

1.2

0.3

2.7

24

1.6

0.3

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Summaries• Operation plans and luminosity projections were reevaluated based on the recent results• Near term plans~100 fb-1(conservative) ~ ~150 fb-1 (expected) by 2020/June~500 fb-1(6.5 mo.) ~ ~320 fb-1 (5.4 mo.) by 2021/March (expected)• Middle term plan
~2.7 ~ ~3.4 ab-1 by 2023/March (expected)
Depend on the operation plan.

• Long term plan (~2029)
Under consideration• It might be nothing to say that these luminosity projections
include lots of (expected) assumptions.
• We are now struggling to solve various challenges step bystep and to provide higher luminosities.
• Now we have to recognize again that securing sufficient
operation time is an essential issue as a factory machine.
• We greatly appreciate your continued support.
2020/2/3

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Thank you for your attention.

2020/2/3

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