17t
STUDIES ON THE TIPUTIDAE OF CIIINA (DIPTEBA)UI. New or litile-known Crane-flies fromTien-mu-shan, Chekia"ng
By CHenlos p. Ar,nxnxopn
Massaeluu,setts
S trttt' (' oll ege, A ntherst, M assachusetts.

SEPARATEFROM

LINGNAN SCIENCE JOURNAL
Yor,. lg, No. 2, I{ev lg4o
[lssuno Mey 3, 1940]I

oANTON, CEINA

LINGNAN SCIENCE JOURNAL(CONTINUATTON OF LINGNAAM AGRICULTURAL

Volume l 9| 940

REVIEW)N u m b e r2

STUDIESON THE TIPULIDAE OF' CHINA (DIPTERA)
III. New or litile-known Crane-flies fromTien-mu-shan, Chekiang

By Cnenlns P. Ar,nxexnrn
J,[asraeh,usetts,\ ttttr (' oll ege, A ntherst, -V assaeh,usetts.
The prececlingpart under this general title was fublished in the
Lingnan .qcienceJournal, vol. r7 : 837-8b6,
14 fig., July lggs. In thepresent part I wi-"h to consider the fir'st half of an irnpcr.tantcollcction of these flies that was taken betweenmicl-May anil early
Jul;' 1937by my good friend Mr. E. Suenson,of Shanghli, to rvhorir
I arn gleatlf inclebteclfol rnanv kincl favols in the puri. This seriesof flies \\-as taken at vat'iotts altitudes on Tien-rnri-shan.in rroltht v e s t I t ' t t( ' h e k i a r r g ,a t t t o i t n t a i nf l r : n r r v h i c h n u r l l e l ' o u sn e \ \ ' a n r l l . a l . es p ' e c i e so f c t ' a n e - f l i e sh a r - e b e e r rt a k r , r r i r r I ' t ' c e t ) t) - e a l . s .S i r r c e t h i s
p a r t i c u l a r l o c a l i t r - i s b e c r : r r t i r rsgo i r n l ; o l t a n t t o n r a n " re' n t o n r o l o g i - s i s ,I h a v e r e q u e s t e do f ] [ r . S u e l r s o na b r i e f a c c . ) u n to f t h " u r . . o a n r l o [his itinerarv in 1g37. The verl- irrtele-qtingaccount is as follos.s:" Regarding^''-th9 locality Tien-rnu-shan (rneaning hr.rtrert-r'yentou,tttcti,n),
in Chekiang, this is vel.r, difrerent fr.om what I haclfolrnerly seen in Chekiang. A newly constlucted road runs alrnost
due u'est from Hangchow, this paqsing thr.ough country that pr.esentsmuch the same type of landscape as the main pait of southern
Chekiang,-well-watered valleys u'ith cultivation of rice ancl othercrops betn'eenlow hills that are coveled with brushwood and barnboo.
In !9me palts the hills appear drier', covererlrvith tall gra-ssancl
small oak bushes,in the spling with rnany azaleasand other flolver.s.
In'still other placesthe hills ale wetter ancl the brushwood is ver.ydense,with a great propoltion of evel.gr.een
bushesand trees. It isa beautiful and varied landscape. The r.oaclruns through suchcountt'y past Lin-an. Sholtll- befole it leachesthe border of Anhrvei
there is a road extending fol a shoi't clistancenorth to the foot ofTien-rnu-shan. This is a solitar'J'rnountain rising rnuch higher.,ihan
the surlounding hills, its surnrnit reaching lb00 meter.s. i hrcl bacl
weather ancl verJr few days without r.ain, and stayed most of thetime in a big monasteryat the foot of the mountain at an eler.atiorr
of :150meters. AII was covered with fine woods with sornelar.ge tover) lalge tlees. Just behind the monastery there wel.e sornc verylarge Cr'1'ptomerias,the largest I had seen. A mountain strearn
flows dorvn the hillside, fed from several tributaries. The rvoodsl r o n l

106ience J our nal
f,i ,tt1 7 tr or t,\c

1940

consists mainly of deciduoustrees, with a good deal of barnboo. A
path leads from the monastery to the top of the hill, fir'-stover a,more gradual slope and then over a very steepwall. Here the rvoods
change into an almost pure stand of Cryptomerias, which becotne
larger and larger the higher one &scendsuntil at the upper end of
the steep wall they becomevery fine specimens,much finer than those
immediately behind the monastery at the foot. Where the path
reachesthe upper edge of the steep portion there is a stnall temple,.at an elevation of toiO meters. From here the woods again change
character. There al'e no more Cryptomerias but a gleat variety of
deciduous trees. The path goes over a gentle slope to the summit
and all is covered with very fine woods, the trees becorningsmaller''towards the top.
I arrived at Tien-mu-shanon the lath of May ancl collectedaroundthe rnonastery at the foot. On the 22nd of June I went up to theternple at the 1050meter level and collected there until the 3rd of
July. On the 4th of July I returned to Shanghai. I found thefauna so interesting that I should like very much to collect therea,gain, especially around the summit. I found somesimilarity to thefanna of southern Japan and would like very much to knorv theresults of your studres,as a friencl of mine, a butterfly collector',hasfound a similarity to the fauna of westem China."-E. Sueusotr.
When the study of the entire collection is completedit is expectedthat some interesting conclusions regar:ding the affinities of the
Tipulidae of Tien-mu-shanmay ire reached. It is planneclto inclutle
the secondhalf of this study in r further paper under this general
title. It may be noted that eo-incidentally with the above I am
studying a still furthel extensivs series of Tipulidae from Tien-mushan taken by the Reverend Dr. Octave Piel, of the Mus6e Heucle,
and this secondseriescontains so rnany additional speciesthat it isquite evident that the completefauna of the mountain must be vely
extensive. I am greatly indebte.l to Mr. Suensonfor the'plivilegeof retaining the types of the material here discussedin my exten-*ivecollection of the World Tipulidae.

(Lonsurio)
r"r#nJlT:.,
1. Lonsurio
1916. f,ongurio lulru.<Edwards, Ann. Mog. Nat. Hist., (8)18:2t;2.

Tien-mu-shan,June 1-21,1937(Suenson).
2. Tipula (Oreomyza) opinata n.sp. (fig. l, l0)General coloration of thorax yellow, the clisk of plaescutnm andthe scutal lobes reddish brown; antennae with basal trvo segments
yellow, flagellum black; legs brownish yellow, the tips of fernoraandtibiae restrictedly darkened; wings with a brown tinge, the costal
region and stigma slightly darker brown I R,+, almost entirely
atrophied; basa.l abdominal segmentsobscure yellow, the intermediate segmentsbrownish yellow, the terminal four segmentsblack;19, 2

Ale.rctnier:Tipulidae ol China

107

urale hypopygium with the caudal border of tergite bearing tr* oulusually iiendel lobes separated by a shallow U-shaped ema^'plitrat i c n ; i n n e r d i sti styl e w i th the beak ver y obtuse; notch of ninth
sternite l,ith two conspicuous subglobular lobes providecl with longconspicuous setae
about 9.5-10 mm. ; wing, l2-f3 mm.; antenna'
IIale.-Length,a b o u t 3 . 4 -3 .5mm.
Frontal prolongation of heacl yellow to brownish yellow; nasus'
Ic,ng ancl slender, concolorous; basal segments of palpi obscure;-elilw, the outer segments infuscerted. Antennae of mcrderatelength;..up. and pedicel light yellow, flegellum uniformly black; flagellar'segments *:ith small basal su'ellings; longest verticils subequal inlength to the segments. Front and anterior vertex orange-yellou',the posterior vertex and occiput abruptly grayish brown, withflg. 1, Tipuh (Oreongza)opinatu n.su.. venation; fg. 2, Tipula (Qreomrzol repugnarts n.8D.r.
icruton'uio) nnlirlipennitv e n a t i o n : t i g . 3 , T ' i p u l u , t u e n t o n i t . r t un , s l r . , - r b n a t i o n ; f i q . 4 . L i m t n i u ( D'l'renlcpohliu(Tren-lepohliol
u.ep., r'enaiion-; flg. 5, Protohclit,s nruitilttlcr, D.sp..'\'eDa.tion: fig. 6,
t'tJix'iocru u.sl)., ven&tion; flg, 7, Dunynalloft.tliu cluusrr. D.sp., renation:
fi9. 8, Gonomqia(Pt'ologu,.antgiu)tienuuetrait, ven&tion; ffg. 9, tr[olophilus (Mc'lttphtlur) .luPltcutrts n.sp., lenation.

108

Li,n,gnon Seience trout.nal,

1940

indications of a slightly darker median vitta; anter.iol vertex
unusually wide, approximately four times the diameter of scape.
Pronotum brownish yellow. General coloration of mesorrotal
praescutum light, yelltlw, this color including the broad humeral artrl
lateral portions, the disk occupie(i by virtually confluent recldish
browrr stripes that cross the suture and include the scutal lobes;
median region of scutum obscure yellow, the scntellurn brighter.yellow, the posterior border and the par'ascutelladat'ker'; metliotergite yellou'. Pleura, pleurotergite and dolso-pleulal rnernblane
yellow. Halteres br'own, the knob darker, the irase of stern
restrictedly obscure yellow. Legs with the coxae aud tloclrantels
l ellow; femora brownish yellorv, the tips narrowly dalker' ln'o\r'n,the bases clearer yellorv; tibiae brownish yellow, the tips ver.)narrowly tlarker; basitarsi pale broivn, the tips darker I outer talsal:segmentsdark brorvn; cach clalv (rnale) with two widel.v sepalaterl
teetir. Wings (fiS. l) with a brownish tinge, the prear.cular andcostal fields rnore yellowish bro-vn; stigma slightly dai'ker blown,its ploximal end before the free tip of ,Yc,mol'e yellorvisl-r:r'elatively
conspicuousobliterative al'easbefore stigrna ancl act'ossiraseof <.ell
7st JIri veitrs brown. Squarna nakedI veins Lreyorrclcolrl rvith.d.bundanttrichia, lacking or vely sparseon basal half of -ll., arrtl orr
Jl.,. Venation: ,\'r.',rending shortly beyond rnidlength of /1.,.thc latter
about one-half longer than rn-cu; tip of Er+" atrophiecl. the baserepresentedby a nakeclspur; cell J/, deep, its petiole subequalto or
s h o r t e r t h a n l t , ' c e l l J . 1 .d e e p ,v e i n 1 1 , a b o u t t r v i c e t ) t - ( , t t . ' c e l. l r t d ' I
relatively narrow.
Abdomen with basal two telgites obscure ;'ellorv, the margins
darker; succeedingthree segmentsmore brownish 1'ellorv;segmerrts
six to nine, inclusive, black. It{ale hypopygiurn (fig. l0) small ;telgite and stelnite sepalated by suture ancl pale rnernbraneI sutuleof basistyle indicated only beneath. Ninth telgite, t)t, transver',*e,
the caudal margin procluceclinto two very slender, spiniforrn lobes.
widely separatedby a shallow lf-shaped emargination, the lobes rvith
blackened spinulae, the margin of the notch with fewer sucir poirrt,s,
including a somewhat more conspicuous submedian pair'. Outer.
dististyle, od, a clavate lobe, the stem unusually stout ancl rvith but
few setae, the feebly dilated blade with numerous setae. Inrrer.
dististyle, ;d, in outline somewhat mitten-shaped, the u,s114llreak
pale and very obtuse. Notch of the ninth sternite, {/.s,rvith t\\'o eollspicuous subglobular lobes that are provided rvith \-pr'.\-lorrg
g, appearing as glabr.oustladdleconspicuoussetae. Gonapophyses,
like blades. Eighth sternite feebly emarginate but unar.metl.
Holotype, 6, Tien-mu-shan, altitude 10bometels, Jurre 2b, rg3z(,Suenson). ParutoqtotUpe,d.
I cannot indicate any very close ally of the present fly. rn its
g€neral apllearance it more closely resembless,'peciesof the subgenus
Lu,nati.ptllaEdwards but the nakecl squama induces me to refer it tooreomyza Pokorny though with much question in my mind. The

19. 2

Alea:anrl.er:Tilttilidae ol China

109

pattern of the rnesonotum and the structure of the gonapophysrs issuggestive of the condition founcl in the subgenus Yqnurttttilntla
Matsumura.
g. Tipula (Oreomyza) repugnans n.sp. (fiS. 2)
General coloration of thorax yellorv, the praescutum on cephalichalf u.ith two brown lines represl)nting the mesal edges of the rtsual
intelrnediate stripes; frontal proiorrgation of head brownish black,lla-susclistinct; wi.ngswith a grayish tinge, the prearcular.and costal
fields more brownish yellow; stigrna pale blorvn ; veins beyoncl cord
rvith abundant trichia; -R.sabout tn'ice nt-(tri Il'+, entire; ilt-ctcsolne
clistancebefore fork of J/,+, ; abdomen 1'ellorvrvith a terrninal blackring; tergites with a meclian lrlou-nish black stlipe; genital shieldblack.
I.entale.-Length, about 15 nllll. : rving, 16 tntn.
Fr.ontal prolongation of hearl blorvnish black; nasus clistinct;
ltalpi black, the apex of telrnirral segrnentpaling to obscureoranqe.
Aptennae rvith scape anrl petlicel brorvnish yellow, flagellum brown,
the segmentss'ith lorrg conspicuousverticils that exceedthe segrnetrts
ip length. Hearl rvith the sirnple vertical tubercle buffy yellorv;
posteriol portion of heacl brownish gray.
Pronoturn dark brcwn med-ally, the sicles ollscule 1'ellc,rv.
Mesonotal praescutum yellow, the four usual stlipes cottcolot'otts,
barely indicated by slightly darker borclers, the mesal etlges t,f theintermediate stripes on the cephalic half of sclerite rlalk blorvn,
conspicuous,and at first sight appealirrplto fre the ottlv prae-scutalrnarkings; posterior sclerites of rrotunr 1'ellorr'. Pleula p'ellou'.
Halteres relatively long, steur irt'ou'rrishlellou'. knob tlalk bt'own.
Legs with the coxae arrtl tloc:hantt,r's1't,llr's'; fenrot'aobscut'eyellow,
the tips nallorvll' and lathel u eakl.r' infuscatetl: tibiae ob,*cure
1 ' e l l o u ' .t h e t i p s v ( ' l ' . \ -r r u l r o n ' l v r i a t ' k e t r e :r l t a r s i t l a l k b r o w n ; t i b i a l\\-irrgs (fiS. 2) rrith a grayish tinge, thesp.rrl folnrula I-2-2.
plearcular arrd costal fieltls mol'e bros'nish yellow; stigma palelllon'n, not conspicuous; veitrs pale blorvn, stout. Squama small,u-ithout major setaei veins be}-onclcorcl, as far caudad as il1r, rvithabundant trichia i )[ n glabrous. Venation : ,Es long, approxirnately
twice Dt-(ut) R42 entire; cell lst Jf , relatively small, its outer end
pc,inted;ilt-ctt a distance before fork of J/r1n about equal to r'-rz; cell:lntl -l relatively narrow.
Abclorninal tergites yellow, the surface subnitidous; a lllownish
lrlaek rnedian stripe beginning on the second segment, on the sixth
arrd succeedingsegmentsincluding the entire tergite; pleulal lnemblane and lateral tergal borders clarkened; sternitesobscureblownish;'el.lou-,the posterior bcrders of the segmentspale: subterminal ringancl genital shield black I valves of ovipositor horn-yellow; cerci
slender', stlaight, the margins smooth; hypovalvae a little cleeper,
the tips narrorvly obtuse.

110

L-ingnon,Scieneef ournal,

l94O

Holoty7rc, 9, Tien-mu-shan, altitude 1050meters, June 25, 1937
(S uenson).
I am somewhat uncertain of the subgeneric position of the present fly but believe that the assignment to Oreontyzais correct. It
can scarcely be placed in Aeutipnila Alexander which is apparently
the only other possibility. The fly is readily told by the uniformly
brownish black frontal prolongation of the head, peculiar patternof the mesonotum, and by the position of nl-cu some distance before
the fork of J1s1,, a character found in the subgenus )-ippoti.pulcc
Matsumura but very uncommon elsewherein the genus.
4. Tipula suensoniana n.sp. (fig. 3, l1)
Belongs to the filicrtrnis group; general ccloration of mesonotum
obscurebrownish yellorv, the praescutum with four gray stripes thatare n&rrowly bordered by brcwn I scutellum, postnotum and pleula
yellow, with a sparse whitish bloom; wings u'ith a brownish tinge,
the costal border and stigma darker brown; abdomen brownish
yellow with a, conspicuousbrownish black subteuninal ring; malehypopygium with the telgite unarmed above except fol long conspicuous yellow setae; outer dististyle unusualll' long ancl narrowr
with a broad-basedspiniferous flange.
lIale.-Length, about 2l mln.; wing, 22 mm. ; antenna, about
19.5mm.
Frontal p.rolongation of head brownish yellow on sides, light,
gray above; nasus Cistinct; palpi pale brown. Antennae (male)elongate,as shown b,r'the measurements;scape,pedicel and base of
first flagellar segrnentyellow, remainder of flagellurn light blorvn :segmentswith abutrclant white pubescencearrd scattelerl elongate
black verticils; flagellar segments long-c.r-lindlical.rvith poolllindicated basal tubelcles. Head with frorrt. antelior vertex andrestrieted orbits buffy, the center of vertex gl'a1'u-ith the mediar)area
more infuscated.
Mesonotal praeseutum with the ground color obscure brou'nish
yellow, with four gray stripes that are narrowly bcrdelecl br- brown,
the mesal edges of the intermediate stripes confluent to form a
distinct brown median vitta; scutum brownish graf , each lobe u'ith
a more brownish ring; seutellum and mediotelgite 1'ellou'. withgolclen setae; praescutu.rnwithout setae. Pleula 1'ellorv rvith asparse v'hitish blocm. Halteres with stem brcwn, the knob rlalkerbrcwn. Legs with the coxae whitish yellow ; trochanters 1'ellorv;
femora brownish ;'ellow, the tips narrowl.y and weakl,r' infuscated;tibiae yellowish brown, the tips narrowly dark bros'n ; talsi passing'
into black. Wings (fig. 3) with a brownish tinge, the costal borderdarker brorvn, this lattel area involving the prearcular' field, cells C'
antl ,Sr:,and the extletne cephalic botder of eell /l; stigrna conspicuous, slightly darkel than the costal border'; a ver): restricted to.
-scarcelyevident clark sealnon anteriol cord; ollliterative areas before.
stigrua ancl acl'o-ssbase of cell l.sf JI., soruewhat lestricted; vein-i.

19, 2

Alerantler: Tipulid,ae ol China

tllbrown. Wing-petiole relatively long and slender; squama,naked;
veins beyond cord with abundant trichia. Venation: ,Ps about onethird longer than ilt-eu; .Il,a, entire, without trichia except at base;ttt-cu, and petiole of cell lst M, subequal; m-eu,just before fork of
Mr*n.

Basal abdominal tergites yellow, the outer segmentsmore infuscated; sternites yellow; a conspicuous brownish black subterminal
ring involving the sixth ancl seventh segmentsI hypopygium yellow.
Male hypopygium u'ith the tergite unarmed except for longconspicuousyellow setaeand low ventro-apical lobesset with spinols
setae. Dististyles (fig. lt) shaped as illustrated, the outer longattenuate, its spiniferous flange broad-based.
Holotype, 6, Tien-mu-shan,June ?, 1g3Z(,Yuenson).
I take unusual pleasure in naming this interesting species inhonor of the collector, Mr. E. Suenson,to whom I much indebted
for numerous Tipulidae from Japan and eastern China taken during
the past fifteen years. The nearest ally is Ti,pula,lacl'schrwitziatru
Alexander, from the high rnountains of Formosa. This latter fly<liffels cottspicuouslyin size, coloration and str.ucture of the mal6
hl'pnpl'gium. A third speciesof the group in easter.nAsia is T.
lxtrr(tut'irtrla Alexatrtler', flotn the highest urourrtains of n,estel.nF u k i e n i n e a s t e t ' nC h i n a : t h i s i s e r r t i r e l l 'r l i f f e l t n t f r . o r ne i t h e r o f t h e
t$'o specieslistetl al-rove.
Limoniinae
5. Limonia (Dicranomyia) pammelas (Alexander.)1924. Dieranontgiapontmelns
Alexarrder,Ann. Iint. Soc. America 17:
433-434.
Tien-mu-shan,Muy 80, lgAT (,\uensotr); I female. Hitherto fromJapan (Honshiu, Kiushiu).
Limonia (Dicranomyia) sordidipennis n.sp. (fiS. 4, tZ)
Belongs to the trisli.s gloup; genelal coloration gray, thepraescutum with thlee ulol'e blackish stlipes; terminal segment ofantennae elongate; u'ings nal'l'o\r'. with a strong brownish tinge,
restrictedly patterned with still darker brown; male hypopygiurnwith the tergite transvelse,the caudal rnargin straight or very feebly
emarginate medially; basistyle with the tubercles and seconclary
armature very reduced; rostral spines of the ventral dististyle
entirely separated, arising from srnall basal tubercles.
6.

l[ale.-Length,

about 6 mm. ; wing, 7 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antenna'e with scape brown, pedicel
antl flagellum black; flagellar segmentspassing from short-oval toelongate, the terminal segment very long, approximately one-halflonger than the penultimate. Head dark gray; anterior vertex
narro$', rvith a median carina (the latter possibly an abnormality of
the unique type)lr2

L i n . g n a n , , S e i e n eJ co u r n a l

1940

Mesonotal praescutum gray with three more blaekish stripes, themeclian one weakly constricted before midlength; posterior sclerites
of notum brownish black, pruinosc. Pleura gray pruinose. Halteres
relatively long, stem yello*', knob infuscated. Legs with the coxae
black, sparsely pruinose; trochanters testaceous ; ellorvI femola
obscure brownish yellow, passing into darker; remaincler of Iegs
brown. Wings nal'r'ow, with a strong brown tinge, the oval stigma
darker brown; very faint darkenings at origin and fork of ft.*, forkBs C:a-

llt4
Fig. 10, Tipula (Oreomllzal opiaata n.sp., details ol male hyDopygirtm: fig. 11, Tipulu
trten.sottiuttrt
n.cp., ma,le hypopygium, dististyles; fig. 12, Lrnottiu (I)ierunonyttl utrtlrdrperrrrir11,51y.,s.gp., male hypop]'Siltgr: fi5. 1{,
rnole hypopygium; fi$. 13, Gonomyiu (Irotogonorntltc)trenmuerrrdr
Moloph iln r ltrI ol opht lu,,) I up l,ieatut n.sp., male hypoD5'ginm.
(Errrlanotion: a, a€dea(us; A, ba,sistyle: dl,, dorsal lobe of basistyle: -',,gonapolrhsis; i,/. i1111a"distintyle; zrrJ. lafi,srtnejirte distietyle; orf, ss1g1 rtististyle; P, phallor^crnic 1 late: r, sternite; l,tergite. ul, ventral lobe of basistyle; od, ventral dististyle.)of.)t and at arculus; veins brown. Yenation:,Sr, enclingjust before
origin of .Bs, ,9e, at its tip; free tip of ,Se,and ,Zl. alrnost in transverse alignment 1 nt-eu at fork of J1.
Alxlomen dark brown, the basal sternites rnore obscure yellorv.
Male hypopygium (fig. 12) with the tergiLe, 9t, tlansvelse, the cauclal
rnalgil stlaight or very feebly cmarginate medially; tergal setae
weak, arranged along the cephalic margin, inclutling an intermediate

L9, 2

Alcrunder: I'ipttlitlae ol Ch'ina

ll3

pair. Basistyle, b, without conspicuousarmature, besidesthe simple
ieutr.omesal lobe, this consisting of an outer' very low tubercle
proviclecl with five or six long setae and a close SJoup-of about eightsetac on opposite face of style. Dorsal dististyle with the apex a'long aeute spine. Ventral dististyle, ad, of moderate size; rostralpr.olorrgation with the two spines entirely separated, both arising:ir.orn sinall basal tubercles. Gonapophyses,g, with mesal-apical lobe
blackenecl,its apex directed latelad ol' even slightly decurved, thernalgin rvith one or two smaller denticles.
Ilolotype, 6, Tien-mu-shan,May 28, 1937('\uenson').
Limonia (Dierartornyia) sorrlilipenttis is most nearly allied tof.,. (D.) .:rtt'tticla(Brunetti) and L. (,1).) rarii',:1tina(Alexander), fromboth oi rvhich it differs conspicuouslyin the narrow wings and in the
structure of the male h.vpopygiurn. It is closestto rarii,slti'na in thetr.ansversetergite but difrers in all ctetails of hypopygial structure.
7. Limonia (Limonia) xanthopteroides (Riedel)
1917. Limnobia ranthopteroidea Riedel, Arch. fiir Naturgesch. 82 : AbtA, I{eft 5 :110-111.

Tietr-mtt-shan,May 30-June 4, f937 (,Suensctn').I have alsc seen
it fr.orn the hill; rooih of Ningpo, Chekiang, halfway to Nimrod
Soutrtl, ]tal' l, 1925 (,{ttzrr.sort).Described f rom Formosa; also
oceurs in uester.nChirra. Thele is a consiclerableI'ange in size inthe p.resentseriesof specimens( rtrrrlrrvittg. 8.5-12rnur.). In the malel,ypopygium, the mesal-apical lolre of the gonapoph,r'sisis vely
slender and bears a tuft of shorr setae at tip.
8. Protohellus nlgricolor n.sp. (fig. 5)
General coloration black. the surface subnitidous; antetrnae15segmented, the terminal two segments subequal in length; f9r9
femora black, the bases restrictedly brightened: middle artd hindfernora yellow with the tips narrorvly blackened; tibiae yellow, thefor.e puit darker; wings with a dusky tinge, the prearcular field
yellcw; stigma short-oval, dark brown, conspicttotts; nt-eu' usually
Leyotrd otigitt of Itt; abdomen black, genital segment (female)or'ange.
^lltile.-Length, about 7 mm.; wing, 7.5 mln.; antenna, about
2.5 mm.
I'emale.-Length, about 8.5-9 mm.; rving, 8 mm.
Rostrum black, very sparsely pruinose. Antennae l5-segmented,
black throughout; flagellar segmentselongate, exceedingthe verticils
terminal segment subequal in length to the penultimate.
i1 length;-brownish
Hearl
BraY, somervhat tlarker brown behind; anteriorvertex (male) relatively nan'ow, a, little more than the diameter ofthe sr:ape,the eyes correspondingly large, with delicate ommatidia.
T[orax black, the surface subnitidous or very feebly dusted withgray. Halteres with stem dirty rvhite, knob dark brown. Legs withl14

L i n , gn a n . , \ ei e n e e J. o u r n a l1940

coxae black, very sparsely pruinose; tlochanters yellow ; fore femora
b l a c k , o n l y th e b a se sre stri ctedly br ightened; m iddle and hincl fem or ay e l l o w w i th th e ti p s n a rrowly blackened; tibiae yellor v, the tips
narrowly darkenecl, the fole pair darker; tarsi passing throughbrown to black. Wings (fig. b) with a dusky tinge, the prear.cular.
f i e l d y e ll o w ; sti g ma sh o rt-o v al, dar k br own, conspicuous; veins tlalk
b r o w n , b ri g h t-co l o re d i n th e pr ear cular field. Venation: Fr .ee tip
o f , Ye ,di sti n e tl y p re se rve d , a little neer er - 8,*. than to,Sr ,,; m- r tt at'or, in most cases, a short distance beyond fork of J/.
Ab d o me n b l a ck; b a si sty li of m ale hypopygiur n - "lightly palei.;,genital segment of female olange; basesof cerci yellorvish horn color',t h e i r a pi ce s d a rke n e d .
H o l otyp e , (, T i e n -mu -s han, Juue 7, lg37 ( ,\tr c.nson) .Allotopo. t y 7 t e , ? , w i th th e typ e . I'n r utoltotupes, 2 Q' ?, June 7- g, lg37.
In its uniformly black coloration, I)rotohelirts ttillrieolor. cliffer.s
very stlikingly from the two species previously rnade krrorvn fr.orn
castern Asia.
Antocha (Antocha) indica Br.unetti
1912. Antocha indica Rruttetti, Fauua Brit India, I)iptela Neuratocera,p. 426.
Tien-mu-shan, June B, l9B7 (,|uenson): I male. Hitherto known'from the Himalayan Region
and western China.
9.

10. Elliptera jacoti Alexander
1 9 2 5. D l l i p te raj a ro ti ,\l e xander Ann.
,
M ag. Nat. Hist., ( g) lb: 988.
T i e n-rn u -sh a n ,I\{a y 3 1 , 1937 ( ,\uenson) ; I fer nale.
ll.

Dicranota(Amalopina)

1935. Dicranotn

fumicostata Alexantler.

(Jnalrtpinu)

Sci. 56 : 357-358.

luntic,tstuta Alexanrler'. l'hilippine

Jour.

Tien-mu-shan, altitude 10b0 rneter.s,June 2i, lggT (,sttensort); 4
males. Known hitherto only from northern Formosa.
12. Trentepohlia(Trentepohlia)bifascigera n.sp. (fig. A)

Gr:neral coloration black; halteres infuscated ; legs yellow; rvings
whitish hyaline, the base and two broad outer bands lrrorvn, them o r e d i sta l o f th e l a tte r i n cl uding the br oad tip; valves of o.r - ipositor .
intense horn-yellow.
F e n ta l e .-L e n g th , a b o u t ? m m .; wing, b.B mm .
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae with the scape and pedicel
black, the flagellum pale brown, the outer seglnents tlar.ker brown;
flagellum relatively lclng, the segments long-oval to elongate. Headdark gray I anterior vertex narro$-.
Thorax uniformly black, the surface subnitidous.
Halteresinfuscated, the base of stem narrowly yellow. Legs with the coxaelg, 2

Alerunder: I'ipu,lidae ol C'hina

115

brownish black, the p'osterior pair somervhatbrightened apically;remainrler of legs pale yellow, only the terminal two tarsal segrnents
pale blorvn. Wings (fiS. 6) with the glound color whitish subhyaline, the prealcular ancl costal portions a tlifle more yellowish; twoconsl-ricuonsbrown bancls, the outer one apical, its inner margin
crossing the exact basesof the two outer forks; inner band broad,its otrter rnargin cleally delimited, extending flom the apex of ^Sc.
and passing the basesof cells l[" and J1,; inner edge of this band
rnore rliffuse, inclucling the oligin of -//s, nan'owecl behind; a more
restricted basal clarkening, including the basesof cells L'te and:4,
interconnected with the central dark area by a bloacl seam alongvein (,lut ernbracirrg urost of cell I;
veins brorvn in the darkened
poltions, pale yellow in the ground areas, in the -"ubterminal paleband vcr')' pale to scalcely evident. Venation : 1/.*a little less than
twice the basal section of .l/, : ftr+r+, long and sinuous; 1/,, subequal
to l(,,rr; l-C,strongly upcurvecl; m-cu close to the fork of J/; apicalfusion of f'rr, and lst A punctiform.
Abclornen black, the valves of the ovipositor intenseholn-yellow.
IIolot'ype, ?, Tien-mu-shan, June ll, 1937 (,\rrr nsr111).
Gerrelally sirnilar to speciessuch as Tre nteltohlirt (T'rentepohlia)
ltirt i l*tt tt i.: Bs7si, 7'. (7''.) proba Alexander ancl 7'. (7'.) ltulclt ri,rcnnis
Alexiuttlet'. diffeling conspieuouslyin the patteln antl venation of
the r'.'irrgs.
13. Gymnastes (Paragymnastes) flavitibia apicata n.snbsp.
)Iule.-Length, about 1-4.5 mm. ; wing, 4.b-5mrtr.
I'tnurle.-Length, about b-i.b mm.; wing, 5.i-6 rurn.
Agreeing with typical flat,itib'iu Alexancler' (Japan) in the extensive to cornplete basal dark band of the rving, rliffeling in the very
extetts-iveand virtually terminal blaek ring of the posterior femora.
Forc femola uniformly blaek; midclle fenroi'a black with a very
nal'l'ow, cbscule yellow ring at near one-thii'd the length; posterior
femc.ra elortgate and strongl.r' clavate, almost the entire swollen
portion 6sg1r.pie'll
by the outel black ling, only the apex remainingver)' narlorvly pale; posteliol tibiae 1-ellorvll'ith a vague darkening
on basal fifth, rvith the outel four th slightly incrassated anctintensely black.
Holotype, 6, Tien-rnu-shan,Mal' 20, lggT (rSuenson). Allotopotype, ?, pinned with tlpe. I'trt.rttolttttypes,
4 6 g, May lg-June 10,1937.
14. Dasymallomyia clausa n.sp. (fig. 7)(ieneral coloration reddish ;'ellow, extensively patterned with
poli-"herl black, the latter color chiefly covering the mesonotum;
flagellal segrnents weakly bicolored, brown, with the incisures
yellou'; legs yellow, the femora with a very narrow subterminal
browrr rirrg; terminal tarsal segmentsblack; wings yellowish sub-

116

Lhrllnan S:ienec Journal

1940

hyaline, clearer yellow in the prearcular and costal regions; aconspicuousbrown pattern a;l stigma, along cord and on outer endof cell lst trI r; cell lst tr[" closed; abdominal tergites black, nart'owly
ringed caudally with yellow; sternites yellow with brown lateraltriangles.
tr'enrule.-Length, about 6-7 mm. ; wing, 6-7 mm.
Rostrum dark brown; palpi paler brown. Atrtennaewith scapeand pedicel obscure yellow; flagellal segments weakly bicolored,
nalrowly yellow at the incisures, the remainder dark brorvn, theouter segmentsmore uniformly clarkened; basal flagellar segrnents
with the lower face produced, the outer segmentspassing into longoval I telminal segmenta little shorter than the penultimate; verticils
conspicuous, much exceeding the segments. Head light gl'ay.
Pronotum light yellow abovc, black on the sides. ]lesonotal
praescutum with the restrictecl ground obscure recldish 1'ellorv, incasesthe interspa,cesalmost obliterated by the three vel'y extensive,polished black stripes, the lateral pair reaching the latelal nrarginsof the sclerite; humeral region restrictecllyyellow ; scutum sirnilally
blackened, the meclian area and posterior poltiorrs of the lobes
yellow; scutellum and postnotum polishedblack. In sornespecimens
the plaescutal stripes are narrower and with more eviclent groundintelspaces. Pleula chiefly black, the dolsopleural, ventral pteropleural and meral regicns yellow. Halteres short, pale yellow, thestern a little darkened. Legs rvith the fore coxae black, the rernaining coxae and all trochanters yellow; femora yellow with a narf,'ow
brlown subterrninal ling; tibiae and basitarsi yellorv, the telnrinaltarsal segmentsblack; legs ver')-conspicuouslyhair'.r',zrsirr the ilenus.
Wings (fig. 7) yellowish subhl'aline.the lrlearculal anrl costal fieltls
slightly brightel yellow: stigma anrl conspictrousseanlsat colcl andouter end of cell I,vf J/, blou'n : nal'l'orvtlalk seanlsat alculus, oligirrof .Es and ^5'c.
i veins brorvn, clear ;'ellow irr the flavous costal
portions. Venation: ,Sc, ending a short distance before fork of ./?.s,,Sc, some distance from its tip i R"+,+nnearly in longitudinal alignment rvith .Rs; cell Il, of normal width I vein .I/, subequal to or longer
than ll"+n] cell ls, J.f, closedl nt-eu at near one-fourth the Iength ofcell.
Abdominal tergites black, narrowly ringed caudally rvith 1'ellorv;
sternites more dirnidiate, with brown triangles on siclesat lrase. insome casesextending acrossthe segmentas a basal bancl. Ovipositor
with the very elongate cerci horn-yellow.
Holotype, ?, Tien-mu-shan,June 16, 1937(,\trcnson). Puratoytotypes, 4 I 9, Muy 16-25,f 937.
Dasynmllomllia clausa difrers conspicuously from the trvo species
hitherto describedin the closed cell ls, JI" of. the wings. It differs
further in several details of coloration and venation.

19, 2

Alerander: Tipulidae ol China

117

15. Gonomyla (Protogonomyta) tienmuensis n.sp. (fiS.8, l3)Size large (wing, male, 7 Ilrltr. or more); general coloration
black; R, very long, exceeding twice Rr*r*.; male hypopygium rviththree dististyles, all subequal in length; intermediate style bifid ata,p€x, the branches short; apical spine of aedeagus a short curvecl
pale hook.
l[ule.-Length,2-2.2 rnrn.

about 5.5-6mm. I wing, 7-7.-omm.; antenna, about

Rostrurn and palpi black. Antennae of rnotlelate length; scapeblack, r'ernaintlel of ol'gan dark blown; flagellal segmentslong-oval.
verticils conspicuous. Head black, very sparsely' pruinose; vertex
wide.
Prothorax and mesotholax dull black, the nresonotal scutellum
a little more pluinose. Halteles black thtoughout. Legs black.
Wings (fig. 8) with a strong blackish suffusion. the long narro\v
stigma darker brown I veins arrtl trichia dalk lrrorvn. Venation:,Sr:,ending about opposite the fotk of .Zls,Jc, at near two-thirds thelength of this vein; //, vely Iong, exceedingtwice the length of .P,1r1,1nt-(,u,at.or some distance be1-ontlfork of. 11, the tlistance variable.
Abtlomen clark brown. the pcsteriol malgins of the segrnents
rrarlcrvly tnore blackenecl: h;'popygium black. ][ale hypopygium(fiS. 13) with the outer lobe of basistyle, b, stout, rvith long conspicucus
all subequal in length. extencling about tosetae. Three clistist.l-les.
clistal end of lobe of basisty'le;outer style, ul, a flattened glabrous
blade that nal'l'o\\'sglarlually to the subtlurtcatetl apex. this more orless produced latelarl irrto a, short point; interntetliate style, ntd|bifid at apex, the l-rlanchesshort, subequal irr length, the outer olte
ploclucecl into a long spine, the inner blanch nrole blade-like, its
apex obtuse; stern and main axis of style n'ith long coarse setae;
ii, at base bearing a conspicuousfinger'-Iikeglabrousinnel clisti-st1-le,lobe; distal two-thiruls of style rith conspicuou-"setae, at' apex on
inner .dg. allangecl as & comb. Apex of aetleagus,/1,a short curved
pale hook; surface of aedeaguswith lelatir-elJ spalse, very long setae.
Holotype, d, Tien-mu-shan, May 23, 193?(,Suensort). Itarato1totype, d.
The nearest allied species ale the Formosan Gonontyia (Protogottornyia,) confluenta (Alexantler') antl G. (P.) scutellum-albunt
Alexander, anil the rn'esternChinese G. (I'.) perturbata, .liexander.
all of which difrer conspicuously in the structure of the malehypopygium. Of these species,.*r'rttellttm-albumis the most distinct
as legards hypopygial stluctule. What has been described as beinga thilrl or inner clististyle certaiuly appears to be such rather thanan inner lobe of the basistyle.

t18

Ltu gttctrt,,S
eienec J zurnal.

1940

16. Molophilus (Motophilus) duplicatus n.sp. (fiS.9, 14)_ Belongs to the. grae{u gloup and subgroup; gener.arcoloration
clalk brown; legs brownish blaek; wings bi.oadl wEakly ii.,gr.l withdusky, the unusually long and abundant macrotrichia .larli brown;vein ?nd, -4 long; male hypop"vgiurnwith the clorsal lobe of basistyleproclucedinto two elongate sclerotizecllocls; ventral lobe of basist.vlev€r'y small and slender; both dististyles simple, the outer. a lo,rg
slender curved rod that narrows to an acute tlip; phallosomic platJ
obtusely rounded at apex.
l[ale.-Length,
1.2mm.

about 4 mln ; wing, 4.b mrn.; antenna, about

Rostrurn and palpi black. Antennae of rnocler.ate
length, dark
brorvn; flagellar segments oval, the basal segments rnore crowdecl,
with tl'uncate ends; verticils conspicuous. Heaclclar.ligrayish brown.
Thorax almost _unifolrnly dark llrorvn, the lateral pretergites
obscureyellow. Halteres clothed rvith silkerryellorv setae. Legsivith
the fore eoxaedalkenecl,rniddle and postelior coxae paler.; tr-ochantels yellorv; remaindel of legs brorvni,"hblack, the posterior pairbrighter at bases. Wings (fig. g) bloarl, subh;'aline,or rveaklytinged
with dusky I veitts and the r'€r'J'long, abunclant macrotrichia darkbrown; costal fringe long and clense. Venation : Il" lying distaclof
level of r-nu petiole of cell J,f, about twice ?n-eu,.vein Znd A long,ending almost cpposite outet. encl of petiole of cell J1,.
Abdomen, inclu.ding hypopl'giurn, bro*'nish black. Male hl'popygium (fig. 14) u'ith the dorsal lc;beof basisty'le,rllt, plocluceclinto
two elongate sclerotizeclrocls, the outel slightll' rlroi'e slenclerands i n u o u s ,f r o r n a d i l a t e t l l l a s e .t h e i n r r e r s u b e q u a li r r l e n g t h , s i n u o u s ,i t s a p e x a c o m p l e s s e tbl l a c l e :r ' e i r t l a l l o l ; e o f b a s i s t l ' l e ,t , l t ,v e r y s m a l l
and slender. Outel disti-"t)'le,r)rl, a lorrg. slender'.-"trongly curved
rod, narrowed to the lcng-extendeclacute tip. Inrrer dististyle, ,,id,
shorter, subequal in length to th.r clorsal blaclesof the basistyle, asirnple rocl rvith the baseslightly expanded,the tip acute; phallosomic
lilate, 7r, obtusely louncleclat apex. In order to avoid confusion, in
the figure the dististyles are shown as separate items.
f[olotyTte, d, Tien-mu-shan, altitude l0b0 meters, June 2b, lgBT
(r\ uctr.son).

)[oloplt,ilu,s (.J[olo?hflrr.s)dttplieatru.s is allied to )t.

(]1.) qairlus

Alexander (northern Korea) and J1. QI.) t.seniAlexanrler (western
China) in that all thlee specieshave the dolsal lcbe of the basistyleof the male hypopygiurn produced into two spinous points insteadof the usual single lobe, ancl further in having the ventral lobe of
the basistyle unusually small and slender. The present fly difrers in
the cololation and in the details of stlucture of the male hypopygium.

19, 2

Aleuander: I'ipulidae 0l China

119+EJsff,fl2UFn(W,fl8)
rrr. ffiifxHfizffixwe.sffiffitr frz ffirftili)rtX-^#t E f l + E X t ' l t f f i ' ^ 4(ffi g)X , + # S X H t-ffi
lrz-^H+^ffi o &ffi*7tfr

suensonR * A # il
'I'ipula

ZH E c FrW ffrm# H z
MT
Fl
'l'.

(Oreontyza) opirttttct,(O.) repugnun.*, I'.

su,e?Noniana,

Lhnon'ia (Dic'ranomy'ia.) sortlicliTten"nis, I'rotohcliu,s ttigricolor,'l'rentepohlia (7.) bifu.scigeru, Gymnastes (I'ctrctgytnnu:rtes)
flauitibia
apieata,'.Dasllrnallomyia eluusu, Gonontyi.a (Protogonon?llia) ti.enn t , n e n s i s ,h7 I o l o p h i l . u s( l / . )t l up l i r q t u s .