AR,KIYTOR ZOOTOGIUTGIVET

AY

K. SVENSKA VET!]NSKAPSAKADEMIEN
BAND 16. N:o 18.

ZOOLOGICALRESTJLTS
OF'THESWEDISH EXPEDITIONTOCENTRAL AF'RICAL921
INSECTA
6.

(DIPTERA)TTPULID/ts- BY

CHARLDSP. ALEXANDER
WITH 2 FIGURES IN THE TEXT

-

---aF

--

. STOCI(HOLIIALMQVIST & Wil(gEIrLg BOKTRYCKEBI-4.-B.

DEriLrN

LONDON,W. C, 2

PAITISn, l'nrnBr,ixorn& sogxI 1 cAnl,srnassE

n'ulrrrDoN & wrcsr,tv, t to2, 3 & 4 ARTrruE srrirETc. KrrrNcnsrrNcx
rJnliarlirtr
I I nuE DIt r,rLLE

1924

ARKIY I'OR ZOOLOGI.
BAND 16. N:o 18.

ZoologicalResultsof the SweilishExpeilition toCentral.Africa 1921.
I nsecta.
6.

Ti p u l i d r e ( D i p t e r a ) .
By
CIIASLES

With
ComnunicatedP. AIJEXANDER,.

2 Figures in the Text.

October 25th 1923 by Cnn. AuRrvrllrus

anil y. S.r<isr:nnr.

The Crane-flies taken by count Gyr,nrNsror,pn upon pnrxcn-been
Wrr,r,um's Expedition to East Africa in 1921 havekindlysubmitted. to me for determination by Dr. Ylvevn S.riisrnnr.
Although but few in number (eiglit specimens, one of which
was unrecognizable) the includecl species are of great interest,
no fewer than six beinE new to science uncl ali well-clefinecl
forms. The types of all-the species are preseryed in the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm.
The material was collectecl upon the volcanic plateau
north of Lake Kivu, on the border of the territory ceded to
Belgium as a result of the World War. Dr. Bnquannr states
tha_t this region is variously called.Birunga, Virunga, Ufumbiro
ancl Mfumbiro, appearing under the latter name upon the
prepared for the Nationai Geographic Society
igggl! ry?
(1922). The various localities mentionecl in the text are
mountains of this range, Mikeno, Sabinio ancl Karissirnbi, and.
Arkiv Jiir zoologi.

Bd. 16. N:o 18.

.l

2

rnrrv

rdn zooLocr.

nlxn

16.

N:o 18.

the acl'ioining parts of Ruanda. The cliscovery of the gorillain this region previously to 1913 has attractecl several scientificparties to Birunga, notably the expetlition of Maior AnnnnNrus (1913), the Expedition of PnrNcn \Mrr,r,ren (1921) antl
the joint expeditions of Clnr, Arnr,nv ancl the Bnlnr,nv's(1921) in search of gorilla material for Museum groups. The
english eclition of Pnrlccn fMn,r,r,rlu's account of his expedition has appeared. in London, 1923 ,Among Pygmies a,ntl
Gorillasr.
The crane-flies collected by Gvr,nnusror,pE while a mernberof the Sweclish Expeclition inclutle the following genera: Zimonia (1 species), Pseudolimnolthila (3 species), Tipula (? s1,'''cies) ancl Nephrotoma (1 species). The onl.y one of these tlur,t
had been previouslv clescribecl was the last-namecl (N. rtt'rt'c'r'
zoriana Ar,pxlNonn)
In this paper, the terminology of thoracic and hypopygia,lsclerites proposed by Dr. G. C. Cnauprow has been adopted;
the venation proposeclby Coustocr ancl lrTnr:pna.uhas been used.

Family Tipuliilae.
Subfamily Limoniinae.
Tribe Limoniini.
Genus Limonia Mr:repw.
1803. Lim,oni,al\fnrcnlr; Illiger's Mag., 2:282.
1818. LimnobiaMnrcnx; Syst.Beschr.Zweifl.Ins., 1: 116.
The great genus Limoniq, is representecl in the Ethiopinn
Region by an abundance of species. The magnificent crane-fl.y
describecl herewith is the fourth member to be macle knowlrof a peculiar African group that includes the largest ancl rnost
showy members of the genus. The other species are Linzonia
rltizosema Srnlsnn, L, oresitropha Srntsnn, and Z. caltensis(Ar,oxlNonn), distributed throughout South and Central-Africa.
Limonia ailhelm,i, sp. n. AIIiett to -t. captensis(Ar,uxlrnnn);
wing-pattern very heavy, with unusually large brown areas at
arculus, origin of -Rs and along the cord; remaining cells of
the wing heavily clottecl with brown, the spots in most cases
confluent ancl in the cells beyond" the cord and the Anal cells
tending to obliterate the ground-color.
Female. - Length about L4 mm; wing 18 mm.
Rostvum and palpi black, the former a little clusted withgray. Antennal scape black, the basal segment elongate;cHARLES r,. ALEXANDER, Trpur,rDa(nrrrnnl).

3

flagellar segments broken. Heail iight brown, yellowish pollinose, with a narrow, black longituclinal vitta; vertex betweeneyes na$ow.
Pronotum reiatively elongate, recldish brown, the nanow
scutellar region yellowish. Mesonotal prrescutum golden polIinose with four conspicuous clark brown stripes, the intermecliate pair narrowly separatecl; lateral margins of the prascutum clarkened; scutal lobes darkenecl; scutellum brown,darker meclially; postnotum brown, with a narrow black meclian longitudinal line. Pleura brown, variegatecl with darker,
this includ.ing much of the anepisternum and the mesosternum,
the longituclinal stripe between golclenpollinose; a small brown
triangle immediately cephalad of the base of the halteres,
Halteres pale brown, the extreme base of the stern anrl theapex of the knob yellowish. Legs with the coxae brown,
pollinose; trochanters obscure yellow; femora brownish yellow,
with a narrow black subterminal rins that is shorter than theyellow apex beyond; remainder of legs broken. Wings broad,light yellow, the base and costal region more suffused; entire
surface with a heavy spotted ancl clotted brown pattern; thespots are as follows: A la,rge area in bases of cells ,Sc,1l andM: an extensive seam at origin of -Rs, continuecl into cellSc,
very extensive seams along the cord, extending from stigma
across the wing; the clots occur in ali the cells, more sparsein cells Rr, large and confluent in the cells beyoncl thecorcl and in the Anal cells, forming broacl seams at thetips of the veins; in the basal cells the clots are small but
tencl to fuse; in cells C and, ,Sc the clots are small, darker
brown ancl scatterecl; veins yellow, clarker in the infuscatedareas. Yenation: ,Sc, uearly three times its length from thetip of Scr; r a littie more than its length from the tip of Rr.
Abilomen relatively short, d.ark brown, the extreme cauclal
margins of the segments paler brown. Ovipositor small, thevalves slender but sholt, the tergal valves gently upcurved.
Ifolotype, ?, Mikeno, Birunga, altitude 3,100 meters, March
21, 1921 (Pnrncn '\Mrr,r,rau's Expeclition, Gyr,npNsr:or,ln, colIector).
This magnificent crane-fly is respectfully rleclicated,to thelead.er of the Sweclish African Expeclition of 1921, Pnrwcn
Wrr,r,rlu.
It agrees most closely with the South African Z.
caltensis (Ar,nxewrnn) in the tra""o* brown subterminal ringson the femora but differs from this, as well as all other species, by the broacler wings with a very heavy brown pattern.

4

lnrrv

riin zoor,ocr.

si.xo 16.

N:o 18.

Tribe Hexatomini.
Genus Pseudolimnophila Ar,nxlxonn.
1919. Pseltdglj,nlnogliila
Ar,nxeNonn; Cornell Unir,. Agr. Itxpt. Sta.,Memoir 25:917.
T!" genus PseudolomnoTthilawas proposecl for ilre recel)!!on of, a certain group. of the old genus Ldmnolthila, witJr the
Nearctic ?. luteipennis (Osten Saclren) as genotfpe. It is rrow
known that Africa is the present center of tni.- genus which
here attains a variety of size anrl structure quitJ uneq'u,llerJ
elsewhere within the ra,nge of the group. -The genus wrls
based chiefly upon notable differences ln tle structire of theimmature stages and the adult flies are very difficult to seprlru,t.y
in certain cases from other flies that have been placed ln theolcl genus Lcmnolthila.
The following general characters ancl tendencies of thegenus_may be inclicatecl_:Head strongly narrowed ancl prolonged
behind. Pseuclosutural fovea and iuberculate piti distiiict.
Yenation with -8213 generally elongate and rio"e or lessarcuatecl; r usually_ close to-Rr; cell Jl{, usually deep, somet_iqes
d.eep, the petiole corresponclingly shortene-d.;basrl-veryd.eflection_of Cyr vafiable in position, in many species lying
far beyoncl midlength of the cell; anterior u*colos usuarhl
lacking.
The latter character was first called to attention bv Mr..
Enwlnr's
in connection with other primitive Hexatbmine
groups, notably the Epiphragmaria.
The anterior arculus islacking in all .theand" tine_Ethiopian species except frugi
uaripes group (cinctofemui, rhodisire and uhriies)." It is alsopresent in-the genotype, luteipennis, but must be regard.ed as
the primitive conclition in the Eenus.
fn order to demonstrate tlie position of the three species
clescribed-in this paper, flave preparecl a key to the Ethiopian
species of the group. P. frugi has been includecl twice iithe
key, to prevent confusion as regartls the variable character ofwing-spotting.

A Key to the Ethiopian species of the Genus
Pseuilolimnophila.
1. A supernurnerary crossveinin cell -8, (Subgenus Caloli,m_nophila Ar,nxrxonn).
Z
No sup€rnume-rary crossvein in cell R, (Subgenus pse.adoh,ntnophila
Ar,nxlxotn).
B

cnARLEs p. ALEXaNDER,,
TrpurJrD,e(ornrnnl).

b

2 . Size larger (wing, cy', over 13 mm) ; legs brownish black;Ti"g! with a dusky tinge, the costal region darker;
faintly darker cloucls along the cord anrl at originof -Bs.
(Uganda)t"er Ar,pxaNnnn.
Size sm-aller (wing, c/, uncler 11 mm) ; legs pale brownish
yellow; wings with a, w&rm brown tinge, spotted withdarker, these including a, series of about- five costal
areas alternating with yellow interspaces; a series offive small brown dots behind vein Cw.
(Cameroun)pri,nceps Ar,nxEwopn.
o. A supernume-rary crossyein in cell 8c; wing-pattern in largepart ocelliform or ring-iike.
(Birunga)
grllclenstolqtei,sp. D.
No supernumerary crossvein in cell ,Sc; wings with theclouds and spots solid or wantinE.
+
4. Wings with clistinct spots ancl clouds, in addition to theusual stigmal blotch.
bWings unicolorous, except for the stigma where this ispresent.
14
5. Basal deflection of Cu, before midlenEth of the lower
face of cell 7fi nfr; (anterior alculus usually preserved).
6
Basal deflection of Cu,. beyond micllength of the lower
face of cell lst Mr; (antefior arculus lackinE)
10o. Anterior arculus lacking; wing-pattern in the forrn oflarge, d.iffuse brown cloucls at arculus, origin of-Bs,
along the cord and outer end of cell Lsi M,, at r
ancl at fork of nf+2.
(Natal)spectabilis (Ar,nxrNnnn).
Anterior arculus distinctiy preserved; wing-pattern not in
the form of diffuse brown cloucls as above.
7
7. Wing-pattern subobsolete, the seams at origin of -Rs,along
the corcl ancl outer encl of cell 7sf M, pootly defined-.
(South Africa)
Trug; @inanorn).
Wing-patternvery heavy, appearing as s-eries of brownspots ancl cloud,s along the veins, alternatinE withpale interspaces.
8
8. -Rs angulatecl ancl spurrecl at origin; -Ez+s about equal tothe basal deflection of Cur, the latter near mid.lengthof cell 1st nI".
(Rhodesia)
rhotlesda (Ar,nxarvonn).
notspurreilatorigin;1?213
longerthan the basal cle-Rsgflection of Cur.
cl
Femora light yellow with a very narrow d.ark brown rinEshortly before the tip of each; a series of five or sii

ARKIY x'iJR zooLoGI.

BAND 16.

U TTA R LE S P . A LE X A N D E B ,N:o 18.

small brown clots in cell C; ceII 14, less than onehalf its petioie.
(Southern Nigeria)
cinct'ifenturAr,uxlNnrn.
Femora clark brown throughout, the tibia ancltarsi abruptly
light yellow; a series of about fifteen conspicuous
brown dots in cell C; cell M, Ionger than its petiole.
(Ugancla)

uar"ipes Ar,pxennnn.

10 . Wing-pattern yery heavy, appearing as conspicuous spotsat origin of -Rs, tip of ,Scr, along the corcl ancl at
the tips of the iongitudinal veins; a very heavy ancl
conspicuous brown seam along vein Cu.
(Birunga)orth,ia, sl). n.
Wing-pattern iight, the spots relatively srnalL (distigma)
or else pale ancl d"iffuse; no dark seam along vein

Ou.

11

11. Wing with at least a dozen srnall but rather conspicuous
brown spots, a, double one marking the usual stigrnal
blotch, the outer spot at r', the inner at the fork ofRz *t .
(British Central-Africa)
distigma (Ar,nxENonrr,).
Wings rvith the spots pale and diffuse.
12
t2. 112a3on€-ha,If of the basal section of -Ro.
(Cape Coiony)
ned i al i s (A l nxeN onrt).
longerandmorearcuated,
atleast two thirds the-R2a3
basal section of -Rr.
13
13 . Wings grayish yellow, the pattern pale ancl d.iffuse; veins
11, and -Ro parallel or nearly so throughout theillength, cell -42 being unusually narrow at the wingmargin,
not more than one-half wider than cell 71.,.
(British East Africa)
clifusa (Ar,nxawonn).
Wings pale brown, the spots srnall but more clearly ilefinecl; vein -I?, diverging graclually from vein Il., socell .Zl, at the margin is 'wid-e,more than twice cell 11.,.
(Birunga)
birungana, sl). u.
14. Basal deflection of Cu, beforc midlength of the lower

face of ceII 7st n[r.

15Basal deflection of Cu, beyond midlength of the lolver
face of cell lsf 71r; (anterior arculus lacking).
17
General coloration light orange-brown, the pleura paleyellorv; ,' on -11, immerliately beyoncl the fork of
Rz+si nz short, d.iverging strongly from vein 11" socell 2nd R., at the rving-margin is only abou.t twothirds cell 1lr.
(Southern Rhoclesia) aurunti&ca Ar,nxervtnn.
General coloration brown or brownish gray, the pleurapruinose or plumbeous; ,' on fi, about its own length

TTP U LTD .i E (Orerrnl ).

ibeyond the fork of ,Rr+s; vein -8, longer, so cells
2nd R, and -R, are more nearly equal in witlth at16
the wing-margin, or cell -l?, narrower.
1 t ) . Size smaller (wing, c/, under 9 mm); tips of the femora
darkenecl; -8. beyond r about one-half longer than
this crossvein; veins -R, ancl -R, divergent toward. tips.
(South Africa)
ft"ugi (Funenorn).
Size larger (wing, c/, 10 mm) ; femora entirely pale brownish
yellow; -8, beyond r fully twice this crossYein; veins,R, ancl fi, generally parallel.
sener AT,ExANDER.
(Uganda)77. Wings rvith a strong fulvous tinge, more saturated apically,
more yellowish at base.
(Maclagascar)
fuluipennis Ar,nxaNonn.
18
Wings varying from yellowish to nearly hyaline.
yellow.
with
tingecl
18. Wings
strongly(Transvaal)
h'ansuaalica (Ar,nxlwnnn).

Wings pale brown to subhyaline.

1q

19. Size larger (wing, cl, 7.s mm or more) ; wings slightly
20
tinqed with brown.
Size small (wing, &, 7.2 rnm ot less); wings yellowish
2lgray to nearly hyaline.
20. Heacl redtlish brown; -Rsshort, strongly arcuateal at origin;
8c beyoncl origin of -Rs short, less than twice thestrongly arcuateal ,Rr+a; basal cleflection of -B++rlonger
than nt.
natalensis (Ar,nxrxonn).
(Natal)Head light gray; -l?s long, 8c beyond the origin of fis
nearly three times the slightly arcuated. -Er+s; basal
deflection of -R++sver)' short, subobsolete.
grise;ceps (Ar,nxe.Nonn).
(Cape Colony)
apparent; tibial
thestigmascarcelv
hyaline,nearly21. Wings
apices dark brown; petiole of cell Jllt about one-thirdvein nf,.
(Madagascar)?'ecen9Ar,nxa.Nnnn.
gray,the stigma pale grayish; iegs
Wings pale yellowish
uniformly brownish yellow; petiole of cell JIlr onlv
one-fourth of vein Jld.
(Tanganyika Tenitory)
claduroneura (Srnrsnn).
Pseudolimnolthila gyldenstolpei, sp. n. Wings with an abundant brown pattern that is in part ocelliform; a supernumerarycrossvein in cell Sc; nr, one-half longer than the outer deflection of Jlfu; basal deflection of Cu, from three-fourths tofour-fifths the lenEth of the cell.

8

enrrv

piin zooLolr.

saNp 16.

w:o 18.

Male. - Length 9 mm; wing 10.r mm.
Rostrum ancl palpi dark brown. Antennre with the scapedark brown, sparsely pollinose, the seconclsegment light brown;
flagellum broken. Head clark gray.
Pronotum reddish brown. Mesonotum cliscolorecl, in life
apparently light gray, the prrescutum with three brown stripes;
lateral margin of the sclerite behind the pseudosutural fovere
clarker brown; scutellum ancl postnotum ilark, gray pruinose.
Pleura dark brown, Ertuy pruinose, rvith a narrow longituclinal
velvety-black stripe extencling from the cervical sclerites acrossthe propleura ancl anepisternum. Halteres yellow, t]re knobs
brown. Legs. with the coxa d.ark brown, gray pruinose;
trochanters yeilowish brown, pruinose; femora, pale brown,near "micllength passing grad.ually into deep brown, the tips
clarkest; tibire ancl tarsi pale brown, the terminal segments ofthe tarsi broken. Wings tinged with brown, with a handsome
darker brown ocelliform pattern; cell C uniformly but faintiy
darkenecl; a solid circular area at the supernumerary crossveinin cell 8c,' a larger circular area at the origin of 7?s,this witha narrow clark center, the cloucl extencling from C Lo M;
stigma large, oval; ocellate rings witn the cord,.outer encl ofcell 7st M, and. fork of M112 as centers, the rings pale brown,
the extreme centers darker brown, the intermecliate space beingof the pale ground-color; solicl pale brown rings at the tipsof all the iongituclinal veins (except fi*+u), the largest ut Rr;
a series of about nine small circular brown clouds along vein
6h; veins dark brown. Venation: A supernumerary crossveinin cell Bc, at midlenEth of the clistance between arculus andthe origin of Rs; ,Sclong, 8c, ending a short distance before
the fork of Rs, ,Scuat its tip and longer than it; -Rs long,
weakly angulatecl at origin; r about t'wice its length from thetip of Rt anil a little more than three times its length beyoncl
the fork of R2as; R2as arcluated, twice the deflection of Cur;
ceII 1st Jld iruegular in shape, nr being one-half longer thanthe outer deflection of M, ancl meeting Mr+z as a symmetricalfork, the petiole of cell M, nearly twice the basal d.eflectionof Cur; basal deflection of Cu, far out beneath cell 1st IIr,
opposite the proximal encl of riz ancl from three-fourths tofour-fifths the length of the cell; anterior arculus lacking.
Abclomen dark brown, inclucling the hypopygium; basal
sternites with the meclian area obscure yellorv. Male hypopygium (text-figure 1) with the outer clististyle (od) terminating
in a long, gently curyed blackenecl hook; inner style (id) beyoncl
micllength narrowed- into a slender apex.
Holotayte, c/, Karissimbi, Birunga, altitucle 2,800 meters,

cl IA Ii l ,l l l s

r'. aLl tx A N D .l i Ii ,1' IP U LrD ' O (U rrrnnl )'I

March 22, T}ZL (PnrNcn Wrr,r,r-e'u's Expedition, GYlorNstolrn,collector).
This interesting ancl very distinct crane-fly is named inhonor of the collector.
Pseuilolimnopthila orthia, sp. n. General coloration clark;basal flagellar s'egment a little [rightenecl at base; wings tingetl
with yellow, with a, YerY heavY
bandecl, spottecl antl striPetl
brown pattern; cell 7sf M2small;ceII Mi about equa,l to its Petiole.
Female. - Lengt 10 mm;
10.r mm.
rvinE-Rostrumancl PaIPi black.
Antennre with the elongate basal
segment of the sca,Pe brown'
the second segment a.little darker; flagellum brownish black,the extreme base of the firstflagellar segment obscure Yellow;
flagellar segments elongate-oval.
IIeacI dark brown, tliscoloretl.
Pronotum dark brown, theposterior margin brighter' Mesonotum ancl pleura clark brown,
any natural bloom tha,t maY
have been present clestroYed,
traces of a gray PruinositY I'ie. l. Ilale b.vpopygiumof Pscrtdblitt no1fiila gyldenstolpei,sp. n.
persisting on the mesosternum;b : basistyle.
d orso-pleural membranes obscure
itl : inner tlististyle.
yellow. Halteres light brown, theotl : outer clististyle.
hnobs a little darker, the baseof the stem yellow. Legs withvell-ow, the fo'e coxre ilarker; trochanters
the coxre brlw'ish
broken' Wings ti-nged withbrown; remaincler of the'Iegs
pa'ttern' all of these areas
b-1ow1
with a, very heavy
yellow, 'sotid;
as follows: A spot at
d'istributedispattern
thisLeing
ar6ulus, connected with a broad conspicuoush; Jnother'atsiripe alottg vein Cu; a large a rectangular area' at origin ofa large circular area, a't-Rs,' extenclilng from costa to media;
tin of Sc,; stiqma brown, connectecl with seams along thecorcl, the tase of celi -R, being extensively suffusecl, the.extreme
clear; outer encl of celi kt nf,
base' of cell -Ru""touioiog
seameal with brown; conspicuous marginal brown clouds at thetips of all the longituclioal veins; anbblique fascia extencling

10

ARKIV r.iJn' zooLoGI.

BAND 16.

N:O 18.

from the tip
cells J?u,-Ru_of Rr_lo th_efork of Mya2, crossing-Vu"uuo"iand-.near midlength of Ru; veins dark-b"o*".
,s..
gldilc opposite the fork of -R", Bc, a short distance d";;;J
tip' Bc1 alone about three times sir; r bisecting t["-u"tit""o",stigma, nearly_three times ils lengil from the-tip-"iii.;
n"Iong, angulatecl at origin; fz+s alout twice the 'basal d'enecCur,,at midlength; weins n, uJ A,
tl": :lltrongly__aicuatedjsf Jl[, smaIl, pentagonal, thedryerging
tips;
ceII
basal de]3,t
rfccrron or_
Uut beyond midlength; petiole of cell M, long,
--r
-"
about
to the cell; anterio""u"coioslacking.
-egualAbdominal tergites_b_rown,the sterriites yellowish,-dark
blgpqtr marsined laterally
and less clistincfly ;;;;;.'ifr"
f..u
Ovipositor with elongatevalves,dnu u"i""fu" t."gutI]lllrg*".
valyes_horn-color., y91y
upcurved; the stouter, straifht
sternal valves brownish .g.ently
6lack.
F:!,gtyp:, ?, Mik_eno,Birunga, altitude 8,100 meters,March
21,. 192I (Pnrncn'\Mrr,r,uu's "Expeclition,C"r"r*urolrrl"f_lector).
Pseudolimnophilabirungana, sp. n. General coloration,
gray _with a narrow blaclr longitudinal stripe;
1_1_"*l;,pleulawrngs strongly.tingecl
with brown, with a spa"sedarker brown
including circular clouds a,t tlns of veins Rr, Ru and.
B1!1"1",znd,
A; seams at origin of fis and along the corcl;-veiis B,of cel"l n[, aboit.["uf to1."d.fr, -divergent at tips; petiole
the basal
deflection of Cu.. Female.- Length 10 mm; winE 10.8 nm.
Rostrum ancl palpi dark browi. Antennre clark brown,
the seconcl scapal-s-egrnentbrighter; basat seg*e"i"i'-ln"oval.
lpC"ll";n,scarcely brighte-nedat base; flagellar Jegments"
tlead
gr-ay,
yellowish
poliinoseanteiiorly.
,d.a,rk-da,rkMesonotal praescutum
brown, the h.merar regi,nmore pollinose,the scleritescliscolored;scuial lobesand .cot"r-rrrrob"9.*1, postnotum heavily gray pruinose. pleura dalk$""k?loYn' lrght or silvery gray pruinose, rvith a narrow but
distinct black stripe exiending from the cervicarscleritesacrossthe. proplexra,_anepisternumand pteropleurite. Mesosternum
weakly_rlarkened.Halteres brown,_thebaseof the stem passing
into yellowi*. Legs with the coxa brown, pruinose; t"o.[urrtu",
brownrsh yellow; femora brown, the bases a trifle paler; tibia
and tarsi dark brown. Wings with a strong t"ori"irn'ti"gu
and with a very spa,rse brJwl pattern; stig^a large, oval,, ,txown; pale
brown clouds at origin of J?s: along the-anterior
as conspicuouscirculalr clouclsat the-tips oi u"i".
T"d?"*tlz_arrd.fCr;less distinct seams on the posterior bord, outerend of cell 7st . Llf, and, at the tips of veins ,Sc and bnct A;

cHArir,ES r,. ALEXANDETi, TIpuLrD,o (orrrnnl).

11

veins clark brown. Yenation: Scr encling immecliately beyond
the fork of -Bs, ,Sc, at its tip and- a little the longer; -Rselongate, angulate at origin; R213 long, arcuated., from onetlrird to one-half longer than the basal deflection of Our; r alittle more than its own length from the tip of fi, ancl near
two-fifths the length of R;, veins E, ancl fiu graclually cliverging,ceII -8, at the wing-margin about two ancl'one-half times cell-I?u; petiole of cell M1 rela,tively short, about equal to the basal
cleflection of Cwr, cell Mt thus being very cleep; basal deflection of Cu, aL three-fifths the length of cell 7st Mr; anterior
arculus lacking.
Abdominal tergites dark brown; sternites obscure yellow,
the latera,I margins of the sclerites d.ark brown, the extreme
bases narrowly of the same color. Ovipositor with the long,
slender tergal valves gently upcurved, horn-colored, the basedark brown; sternal valves straight, la,rgely darkened.
Holotyyte,c/, Mikeno, Birunga, altitude 3,100 meters, March
2I, 1921 (Pnrxcn Wrr,r,r.a.m'sExpedition, Gvr,nnNstor,rn, collector).
Subfamily Tipuline.
Tribe Tipulini.
Genus Tipula Lrxx,aus.
1758. Tipu,laLtNNaus; Syst. Natur., Ecl. 10: 685.
The great genus T'iytwlais well represented in the Ethiopian
fauna. Two und.escribecl species were inclucled in the present
material.
Acutipula, subgenus nov.
Legs long and slend.er; tarsal claws of the male toothecl(except in camerounezszsAr,pxLNorn). Venation with Es, fiq+e
anrl cell R, tencling to be crowded toward.s the costa, cell -R,
being very small ancl with its proximal end pointecl; cells -Zldand 7sf M, Iarge ancl full.
Tipula gaboonensisAr,nxlnonn
Type of the subgenus. (West Africa).
The above neIM group is proposed for a great assemblage
Tipwle in which the tarsal claws of theof chiefly African
male are clistinctly toothed ancl the venational tendencies ofthe obliteration of the radial cells, with a conespond.ing increaseof the medial fielcl, is well tlemonstratecl.

L2

Arixrv r,6R,zoor,ocr.

BAND 16.

( 'r r A r {, r , 1 , )rH'. A L },txAN D El l ,,Tr PU L l D ,a ( o r r r n t'a ) 'N:o 18.

The following Ethiopian species belong lo Acutipula:
Tipula allthaspis Srnrsnn, T. alphasltis nztesceAlnxExonn,
T. camerounensisAr,nxalrpnn, T. d,ahoT. bartletti Alnxlwor:n,miensis Ar,nxlNonn, T. ellenber"geri.LnnxaNDER, T. gabooenensi.s
Ar,nxeNnun, 7. hoaa A.tnxANDER, T. jocosa Ar,nxlN.unn, .Z.
kenia Ar,axANDER, T. langi Ar,nxlNpnn, T. langi rubricapilla'I'. ntasai Ar,nxllvonn,?. leonensis Ar,pxluotn,
Ar,nxlworn,
T. meliuscula Ar,pxLNpER, 7'. neaaei Ar,nxewonn, T. milanjens'isT. lryr A'Lr,xLwonn, 7,
Ar,uxeuonn, I'. pomytosa Bntcnorv,
ruwenaori Ar,nxlNnr:n,'J.'. 1'tuuenzoriunlcolensisAlnxaunnn, T.
7'. uictttriu Ar,uxeNnnn and. I'. zambesilindu AlnxeNonn,ziensis Ar,nxlNor:n.
Srntstn, T. cinnantonteu Rnn'
In acldition, 'l', cayttr,ioneu'ru
nnn, 1'. elliotti Ar,nxlNorn, T. euntecaceraSpprsnr", T. imperfecta P"rno r, ancl T. kinanoolterzsis (Rrunnr,) are very possibly
members of the group. The Australian Tipula diclaua Alnxlikewise belong No Acu'
ANDEE and .?. Ieptoneura Ar,pxlxorn
tipula.
Tipwla (Acutigtu,la)sjdstedti, sp. n. General coloration lightyellow, the prmscutum and scutum with conspicuous brownmarks; scape yello'w, the flagellum brown; wings grayish yellow,
the anterior cord ancl basal cleflection of Czr seamecl withbrown; abunclant macrotrichiae on vein Roi u brown subterminal rinE on abclomen.
Male. - Length about 16 mm; wing 17.s mm.
Frontal prolongation of head, orange-yellorv, with a narrow
Iateral darker line; nasus long, clothecl rvith long hairs; palpi
pale yellowish brown, the tip darker. Antenna relatively short,
if bent backwarcl not reaching the wing-root; scape brightyellow, flagellum tlark brown, the base of the segments slightly
enlarged., the lower face weakly incisecl; verticils conspicuous.
Head orange-yellow.
Mesonotal
Pronotum sulphur-yellow, the sides darker.
prrescutum sulphur-yellow, darker in front, with four nanow,
dark brown stripes that are very conspicuous, the intermediatepair separatecl from one another by a brownish yellow vitta;
scutal lobes each with two conspicuous brown spots; scutellum
brownish testaceous; mecliotergite of postnotum yellow with ameclian brown marking that developes into paired circular dark
spots at the cauclal margin of the sclerite. Pleura yellow, thepropleura, ventral margin of anepisternum, ancl dorsal andventral margins of the postnotal pleurotergite weakly infumecl;
mesosternum ancl meron more strongly infuscated. Halteres
relatively slencler, brown, the apices of the knobs paler. Legs
with the coxre and trochanters fulvous; femora yellowish brown,

13

llrc tips narrowly darker brown; tib-ia similar, the tips-veryir"""o#ty infuscatbcl; tarsi slencler, graclually- passing into black;oirr,ws 6othed.. Wings with a grayis! yellow ting'e,.the baserr,rrrl cell ,Sc a little darker; stigma elongate, small, brown; al,ro*t seam on the anteriot co",I ancl another along the basal
rlrrflection of Crr; other clouds at arculus antl at tbe tip.of
vein Cur, wihih a, 1"*. conspicuous seam along- vein Cz;. veins
yellowish' Conspicuous
dark br6wn, the costal oeitts-o"easeries of about 27 on
veins;
mostonelongate macrotrichip-o"fyglabrous', Venation:
being
vein
of
the
fifth
distaltheiir,/li'arr'd ,Rz+s almost in alignment and lying very close to -R,,cell 7sf -8, thus being unusually narrorv; -Ro long, at least onea!'ig. 2.

a.
b.

Lateral aspect of male hypopygium of T'ipttla (Actr'tiltula) sio"stedti, sp. n., from the dry holotype.
Dorsal aspect of 9th tergite of same'b : basistyle.
dis ti s ty l es .
d:s : sternites 8 ancl 9.
:
tergites 7, 8 antl 0.
tancl one-half the basal deflection of Czr; petiole of cell M,
longer tihar- nt,; fusion of M, and' Cu, about equal to the basal
section of M".
Abclomen with the basal tergite yellow, tergites two tofour more rufous-yellow, the lateial margins of_the sclerites
narrowly infuscated, interruptecl at both base and apex of the*eg*enis;'toon segmentsfive to seven' the tergites bec.ome.inform- a rather conspicuoussubterminal ring; hyfuicatecl
popygium obscure yellow; sternites 9bs-cy1erufous yellow'-only"e"iEhthsternite a little infuscated. MaIe hypopygium (Textthe
figure-z a) with the sclerites fused' into a continuous ring; ninth
a rather slender median lobe
t&gite (2'b) tapering-a gratlually tothai terminates in Te* biackened clenticles. Ninth sternite(S 9) extensive, the basistyle (b) appearing as a narrow collar-

14An,rry FdR zoor,ocr.

BAND 16.

cl(Arir,Es r. ALEXANDEII"TTPULIDo (orrunnl)'

N:o 18.

Iike portion; outer clististyle (cl) rather long, pale, naryoweil atbase ancl less strongly so at apex, covered with smali setm.
Yentral notch of sternite with yellow setae. Eighth sternite(S 8) unarmed.
-Wrr,r,r.lu's
Holotype, c/, Sabinio, Birunga, 1921 (PnrNcr
Expeclition, Gvr,rnNsror,rn, collector).
This very tlistinct species is namecl in honor of Dr. YNevn
Srdsr.nor, leader of the Swedish Zoological Expedition to Kilimandjaro ancl Meru in 1905-1906.
Tiytula (Ti,ttula) neythrotontoides,sp. n. GreaUy resembling
Nephrotoma fusciltenni"s (Klnscn) ; general coloration black, thehead. and antennal scape orange; scutellum, a spot on postnotum and the basal abclominal segments yellowish, wings witha strong brownish tinge; ovipositor orange horn-color.
Female. - Length 15 mm; wing 17 mm.
Frontal prolongatiorr nearly as long as the remainder ofthe head, orange, the nasus elongate; palpi brownish black'
Antenna with the scape obscure orange, the flagellum black
throughout; basal segment of flagellum longest, the others
graclualiy clecreasing in length. Head deep orange' the orbits
a little darker.
Pronotum black. Mesonotum black, the prrescutum withthree shiny black stripes, the median stripe entire; scutellum
ancl a meclian area on the postnotal metliotergite golden-yeilow.
Pleura entirely brorvnish black. Halteres clark brown throughout.
Wings with a strong brown tinge,
Legs black throughout.
cells C ancl ,Sc darker brown; stigma a little paler than the
costal region; brown clouds at origin of -l?s ancl along thecord, ancl as a narrow seam along the wing-margin; iongitudinalveins indistinctly seamecl with clarker; conspicuous obliterative
bullee before the stigma and across cell 7st Jlfr; veins clarkbrown. Venation: ,Bs elongate, one-thircl longer than JJr+s;-B.ugently arcuated, bent towarcl fin+6, which, however, is lot
bent towarcl it; petiole of cell Jl{, about one and two-thircls
nx; m-cu very long, placetl more than its length beyoncl thefork of M.
Abdomen with the basal half of tergite one dark brown,
the apical half ora'nge-yellow; tergite two orange-yellow' thelateral margin at base narrowly darkened; tergites three toseven cleep black; sternites similar but segments two and threeorange-yellow; tergite eight brownish orange; genital segment,
inclucling the elongate valves of the ovipositor orange horn'color.
Hol6tupe, ?, Karissimbi, Birunga, altitude 2,800 meters,
March 22, l92l (PnrNcn WtlltAu's Expedition, GYlouNstor,rn,
collector).

15

Tlre resemblance of this conspicuous fly to a large .Nc'
(Kmscn) is startling' but the venation
Trhrrtin',o /itiiptr,,;t*lt,rw. th;t it is a true TiPwla.
Genus Nephrotoma MPrsnN'
MnrcnN; Illiger's Mag', 2:262'
Neythrotonm
1803. -iicnyt'rhinal\tacQuenr; Hist' N't' Ins'' Dipt'' 1: 88'i8il:

is abundantilyrlPrfslfled i--1lne
The genus Nephrotoma
inclucled a single

Ethiopian"Region.
species.

The present collection

Nelthrotoma ruwenzoriena Ar'nxlNppn'
I\{us' Nat' }Iist"
1920. Nephrotoma ruuenzori.ana ALEXANDER;Bull. Amer'
43i20, pl. 4, fig. 6 (rving).
Africaine, 11'1923. Nephioioma' riuenioria-na ALEXANDER; Revue Zool.
Fasc' 1: 14-16.
Thisspecies

was based on a single

femaletaken

on theof Roweorori !l DrlJospprr BuQu'e'nnr' In*este"r,-stJpes
in" fgZg plrp"" citecl above, the 'writer recordeclthe species
from numdro'us stations in iJgancla ancl British East Africa,
inclicatecl some variation in color'ancl-----Thespecimeninthepresent.collection(A?,R'uanclaomF*iit.t Wro"ir'* s h"pea!!ion, GYrnnrsroLPE) collector)"aaet
i* .*a,tt"" than the type ancl differs moreover in the following*g""Jil rrre yellowish marking at base of postnotal meclioterabtlominlli[" i* reducLd to an obscure"yellow circular area;
markings;
orangeobscurei"rgtt.. two to four with basal-lateralrt"init"t two to four largely of this same color, tbe segments
marginecl laterally ancl posteriorlv with $ar\ prown;;;;1yIn spite of this increase of orange coloration on the abdomen'
the specimenseemsto be correctly referretl lo N. t"uuenzlfiana,.

Trycktclen 3 juni

1924.

Uppsala1921. Almclvist& wikselts Boktryckeri-A'-B'