The University of Notre Dame

Records and Descriptions of North American Crane-Flies (Diptera). Part VII. The Tipuloidea of
Utah, 1
Author(s): Charles P. Alexander
Source: American Midland Naturalist, Vol. 39, No. 1 (Jan., 1948), pp. 1-82
Published by: The University of Notre Dame
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2421428 .
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The AmericanMidlandNaturalistof NotreDame, NotreDame, Indiana
PublishedBi-Monthlyby The University

VOL. 39JANUARY, 1948

No. 1

ofNorthAmerican
Recordsand Descriptions
Crane-Flies(Diptera)'
PartVIl. The Tipuloideaof Utah,ICharlesP. Alexander

Amherst
Universityof Massachusetts,

GeneralAccountIn our continuingsurveyof the crane-flies
of western
NorthAmerica,
theStateof Utah assumesgreatimportancefromits strategic
geographicalpositionbetween
the RockyMountainson theeast and the SierraNevada
to thewest.
Utah is nearlyrectangularin outline,
being345 milesfromnorthto southand 275 fromeastto west,thearea totalling
84,970squaremiles,of which
2,806 is water.The nationalforestholdingsin the State includenearly
8,000,000
is to thewestof theContinental
acres.All of thedrainage
Divide.
Alter(in Climateand Man, 1941) provides
thefollowing
comprehensive
summary:"The generalelevationofUtahis about5,500feetabovesea level,though
theWasatchand Uinta Mountains
extenddiagonallyacrosstheStatefrom
southwest
to northeast,
withcrestlines mostlyabove 10,000feet.Minor
mountainsare scattered
overtherestof theState,thoughtheflatter
partoftheGreatSalt Lake drainage
basinis below4,500feetin elevation,
thelakebeingabout4,215feet.The lowestarea in the State is the VirginRiver
Valleyin the extreme
southwesternpart,its elevationbeingbetween2,500
and 3,500feet.
theentireareaeastof theWasatchMountains"Practicallyis drainedby
theGreenandColoradoRivers,
theState'slargest
streams,thoughneitherrises
withinits borders.
WesternUtah is almostentirely
withintheGreatBasin,
without
outletto thesea.The largest
aretheBear,Weber(and Ogden)riversinto GreatSalt Lake (the ProvothroughUtah
and Provo,all emptying
I The preceding
partunderthisgeneraltitlewas publishedin The AmericanMidlend Naturalist35:484-531. 1946.
Referencesin the textreferto the bibliography
at the conclusionof the generalaccount.
In all cases in thisreportwhereno collectoris given,the specimenswere securedby theauthor.M. M. Alexander-Mrs. CharlesP. Alexander.

1

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39 (1)

countiesandLake and JordanRiver). SevierRiverdrainsthe west-central
salinebasin,whenits watersare not
emptiesintoSevierLake, a brackish
purposes.
forirrigation
whollywithdrawn
thatforthe State is aboutone-third"The averageannualprecipitation
thepracticenecessitatingof theMiddleWesternor EasternStatesgenerally,snows
whosewinterfarmcrops.But themountains,of irrigation
forgrowing
all thefarmadjacentto practicallyareconveniently
rormthechiefreservoirs,of waterforall landsunder
and thereis usuallyan abundance
ingregions,fallsin late winterand springin the
The bulkof themoistureirrigation.
areas.The summerand earlyfall monthsareState'sleadingagricultural
thedriest."
almostinvariably
rangein theentireUnitedStates,
east-west
largestThe UintaMountains,some150mileslongand 30 to 40 mileswide,has somepeaksthatare more
the highestpointin Utah, King'sPeak,than 13,000feethigh,including
borderof SummitCounty.
13,498feet,on thesouthernin North
Bisticand PhysicalProvinces.-Ofthevariousbioticprovincesby Dice (1943), fourare foundin Utah, three
Americaas recognizedoroftheState.The Artemesian
portionsin thedesertand semi-desert
chiefly
thirdof Utah, thenextending
GreatBasin Provinceincludesthe westernsections
westward
to involvealmostall of Nevada,withextensive
adjoining
Oregonand Idaho.The Navahonianand southern
California
of northeastern
Arizonaand New
of muchof northerncharacteristic
Province,eminently
portionthesoutheastern
thirdof Utah. In thenortheastern
Mexico,involves
is foundtheof the State,including
the Wasatchand Uinta Mountains,
fromits majorcenterin Wyoming
westward
extendingColoradanProvince,in thevicinityof St. Georgeandsouthwest,
and Colorado.In theextremeof the Mohavian
extensiontheVirginRiver,is founda smallnortheastern
desertareasof Nevada,CaliProvince
fromthemajorareain theadjoiningof the Tipulidaein Utah
forniaand Arizona.The genera'distributionof thesefourareas.
seemsto confirm
thedistinctnessof Utah intophysicaldivisionsis
The Fenneman(1931) classification
thirdof the State lyingin theGreatverysimilarto the last,thewestern
morethantheeasternhalf
BasinSectionof theBasinand RangeProvince;
is occupiedby the ColoradoPlateausProvince,withthe High Plateaus
Sectionextending
downthe centralportionof the State,the Uinta Basinand the CanyonLands Sectionin thesoutheast.
Sectionin the northeast,
northeastern
In theextreme
portionof Utah a thirdmajorareaoccurs,theMiddle RockyMountainsProvince,includingthe Wasatch and Uinta
Mountains.
the United States on the
Mulford,in Van Dersal (1938), classifies
withdetailed
soilregions
and climatic
provinces,basisof plant-growth
regions,regionmaps.For Utah, the Snake RiverPlain-UtahValley plantgrowthat allin precipitationand is deficientis arid,microthermalin thenorthwest
in theplantgrowthregion,chiefly
seasons.The GreatBasin-Intermontaneof the State,rangesfromsemiand eastern
southern
portions
southwestern,
at all seasons.In
and showsmoisture
deficiency
aridto arid,is microthermalofin thenorthern
portionregion,theCentralRockyMountainplantgrowth
and witha
are sub-humid,
microthermal
the CentralPlateaus,conditions

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH3

areof precipitation;in the southern
conditions
portion,summerdeficienCyof moistureat all seasons.In theand witha deficiency
microthermal
semiarid,
theclimatic
provinces
rangefromhumidto
Wasatchand UintaMountains,of moisture;on
and witha summer
deficiency
are rnicrothermal
sub-humid,prevail.
crestsof theUintas,taigaconditions
thehigher
oflifezonesin Utah appearsto
thedistribution
LifeZones.-In general,
byCary(1911: 14), as follows:
be verymuchas in Colorado,as defined
NorthernColorado (heightsin feet; exp.-exposure).
Upper Sonoran to 5600, NE exp.; to 6500, SW exp.
Transition 5600-7500, NE exp.; 6500-8200, SW exp.
Canadian 7500-10,000,NE exp.; 8200-10,400,SW exp.
Hudsonian 10,000-10,900,NE exp.; 10,400-11,600,SW exp.
Arctic-Alpine 10,900 up, NE exp.; 11,600 up, SW exp.
SouthernColorado
Upper Sonoran to 6500, NE exp.; to 7800, SW exp.
Transition 6500-8000,NE exp.; 7800-9000,SW exp.
Canadian 8000-10,500,NE exp; 9000-11,000,SW exp.
Hudsonian 10,500-11,200,NE exp.; 11,000-12,000,SW exp.
Arctic-Alpine 11,200 up, NE exp.; 12,C00up, SW exp.

on lifezones
thespecialtreatments
For Zion NationalParkand vicinity,
by Presnall(1938), Presnalland Patraw(1937) and Woodbury(1933)
indicatesand diagram,
Presnall(1938: 2-3), bydescription
maybe consulted.
thatthe LowerSonoran(LowerAustral) occursup to 4000 feet;Upper
7000-8500 feet;
Sonoran(Upper Austral),4000-7000 feet;Transition,
Canadian,8500-10,000 feet; Hudsonian,above 10,000 feet (at Cedarintypesin suitablesituationsof morenorthern
Breaks).The occurrence
Stations,"
under"Collecting
furtherlowerzonesin theparkhasbeendiscussed
account.
laterin thisintroductory
GeneralSurveyof the TipuloideanFauna of Utah
Knowltonand thewriter,effortsof Professor
As a resultof theintensiveof manyotherentomologists,
our knowledgeof thewiththe co-operationas havingreacheda pointwhereit isof Utah mustbe consideredcrane-flies
knownthananyotherof ourRockyMountainandGreatBasinStates.
betterfor
had not beenreported
recorded
Virtuallyall of the specieshereinafter
be foundbasiclist,therewillundoubtedly
thestate.Despitethisimpressive
recordfor
speciesand it seemsverypossiblethatthecomplete
manyfurther
thestatemaywellreach250 speciesor evenmore.
in thewellrepresented
In the presentreport,
187 speciesare recorded,
and tribesof theNearcticRegion.To date,no member
subfamilies
families,of thesubfamily
has beenfoundin Utah but thisis due
Cylindrotominae
sectionof the state.
in the northeasterncollecting
to insufficientcertainly
The smalltribePediciini,
The genusT'ipula,with51 species,is noteworthy.
is well represented.
In theof northerncharacteristic
conditions,eminently
thestateis thetribewithin
Limoniinae,
byfarthemostabundantsubfamily
formsthatincludemore
witha hostof smalland medium-sized
Eriopterini,is thegreatdevelopfauna.Of specialinterest
thanone-third
thetotalcrane-fly
by no fewerthan18 species,amentof the genusGonomyia,
represented

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39 (1)

NorthAmerica
northeastern
numberthatis equalto theentire
andfarexceedingthetotalforanyotherstateoftheunion,as at present
known.
Collecting
Stations.-Thewriterand Mrs. Alexanderspentthe period
betweenJune21 and 30, 1942in Utah entering
thestatefromthesouthat
Kanab,following
a visitto the KaibabPlateauin northern
Arizona.Our
collections,althoughlarge,thuswererestricted
to thelastfewdaysof June,in thehighmountains
representing
thespringfaunaonly,and werequiteinsufficient
formakinganycomprehensiveof thestate.
studyof thecrane-flies
suchmaterials
Mostfortunately,
havebeenaddedto vastlybythegreatseriesof specimens
madeoverthepastseveralyearsand in virtually
everysectionof Utah by Professor
GeorgeF. Knowltonand his co-workers
at Logan.
Further
acknowledgementof Professor
Knowlton's
efforts
to makeknownthe
Tipulidfaunaofthestateis madelaterin thisgeneralaccount.
Althoughourowncollections
weremadeat intervals
alongourroutein Utah,fourplaces
provedto be of suchinterestand importanceas to warrant
theestablishmentof specialstudystations,where,
it is hoped,detailedseasonalstudiesmaybe
continued
in thefuture.
The fourstations
establishedbyMrs.Alexander
andmein 1942areas follows:
1. Zion NationalPark.A vastgorgein thesouthwestern
partof Utah,
some45 milesfromtheborderof Nevada and 15 fromArizona;all collectionsof Tipuloideaweremade in Washington
County.The Zion Canyon
has beenformedprimarily
by the actionof the northforkof the Virgin
River(Mukuntuweap
River) whichflowsdownthe steepsouthernslopesof the Markagunt
from
Plateau,in a distanceof some40 milesdroppingof about10,000feeton CedarMountainto 7000 feeton theplaaltitudes
teauthroughwhichthecanyonis cutand to 3500 feetbelowthemouthof
thegorge.Woodbury(1933) statesthat"The canyonis about20 milesin
length,runningin a generaldirectionslightly
westof south.It variesin
a slitjustwideenoughforthe riverin thenarrows,
widthfro-m
gradually
to a mileor moreacrossthefloornearthemouthof
wideninrg
downstream
are located."A detailed
thecanyonwherethetownand fieldsof Springdale
and Evans,1936).
topographic
mapof theparkis available(Gregoryrichin Tipulidae,particularly
The parkis a wonderfulspot,surprisingly
whencontrasted
withthenearbyBryceNationalPark,wherethesefliesarereferuncommonor do not occur.Thereare severalimportant
exceedinglyencesthatconsider
the faunaand floraof Zion and providemoreor lessof thegeology,
biotaand lifezones (as Gregory,detailedaccounts
climate,1941; Presnall,1938; Presnalland Patraw,1937; Tanner,1928; Woodfor
bury,1933). The veryimportant
paperbyWoodbury
shouldbe consultedof thearea.
theclimate,manydataconcerning
geologyand biology
A briefstaLement
fromGregory(1941: 3; Gregory
and Evans,1936)
in thepark."In Zion Nationalof theconditions
presents
a pictureobtaining
Parktheannualrainfallrangesfrom10 to 20 inchesand the temperatureareshortand mild;thesummers
from100 to 1050 Fahr.The winters
longfromyearto year,monthto month,andand hot.Thoughvarying
greatly
as to producetwowet
evenday to day,theprecipitation
is so distributed
and twodry
and earlyspringand one in latesummer,
cycles,one in winter

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH

5cycles,onein latespringand earlysummer
and one in latefall.In responseto theseconditions
manyspeciesofplantscomplete
theirlifecyclebeforeJune,
and othersbegintheircyclein latesummer
and complete
it in thefall.Beginningearlyin May tlhespringcycleis thetimeforviolets,orchids,
pentstemons,sego lily,and in shadynooksthe columbine
and monkeyflower.
Duringthe excessive
heat of summer,
day-blooming
plantsare largelyreplaced by such night-blooming
speciesas eveningprimrose,
fouro'clock,spiderwort,and theglorioussacreddatura-a veritable'moonlightgarden'.
Duringthelate summer
cycletheroadspass throughfieldsof asters,sunflowers,
bee flowers,
Indian paintbrush,and sweetclover,and the coolshadynooksaremadebrilliant
bythecardinalflower.
Thereis littleevidenceof anyzonaldistributionof plantsbasedon latitudeor theequivalent
altitude.The rangein kindsof soil,exposure
to thesun,and amountofgroundwateris so greatthatindigenous
plantsoftheLowerSonoran,
UpperSonoran,
Transition,and evenCanadianzones,together
withmostmigrating
plants,findfavorable
habitats.
On the floorof the canyonare grovesof boxelder,
and ash." Therefollowsa futtherwillow,cottonwood,considerationof theplantsof theslopesand terraces
at higheraltitudes
thathavenot yetbeen
studiedas regardsthe Tipulidae.
All collections
madein Zion by Mrs. Alexander
and thewriterpertainto the bottomof thecanyon,withina fewhundredfeetof the altitudinallevelof theVirginRiverand all nominallyin theUpperSonoran(Upper
Austral)lifezone.However,the occurrenceof morenortherly"islands"invariousplacesshouldbe emphasized.
As statedbyPresnall
andPatraw(1937:4): "The mostnoticeableof thesevariations
is to be seenin thebottomof
nearlyeverycanyon,
wheremuchmoistureand shade favorthe growthofTransition
or evenCanadianZone species,no matter
whatmaybe theactual
altitude.In canyonswherewaterseepscontinually
fromthecliffsthereare
great'hanginggardens'of fernsand otherplantsthatwouldnormallybefoundat a muchhigher
altitude.
The Narrowsis theclassicexampleof this,butdozensof otlher
canyons
havethesametypeof vegetation."
The greatmajorityof the Tipulidaeso far takenat Zion have beencollected
at or nearthese"hanging
gardens",
especiallyat theWeepingRockand in the Narrows.As discussedby Gregory(1941:17): "The evidence
is clearthatthecanyonalcovesare theworkof rainthatfallsdirectly
intothemand of undergroundwaterthatseepsout throughtheirwalls.The processis sapping
andundermining
ratherthanexcavation.
The cliffwallsofsandstoneareundercutby theremovalof softshalesbeneath,toand in response
gravity
fragments
falloff.The wallsretreat
and therimdevelopscurvesand
crenulations
in consequence
chieflyof erosionat theirbases.Thus at Wiley
theGrotto,
Retreat,WeepingRock,and otherprominent
alcovespartof therainwaterthatfallson the uplandpassesdownward
throughporousrock
untilit reachesimpervious
bedsand finallyreachesthesurface
as springs
andtheseundergroundwaterscarvehorizontal
seeps.On emerging,groovesin thecanyonwalls,leavingoverhanging
cliffsaboveand a slopebelow.Into theslopeperennial
fromthespringare cutting
streamschannels
thatlead to the
VirginRiver."The cliffs
thatsupportof vegetation
therankgrowth
calledthe"hanging

6

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39 (1)

gardens"are of travertine,or calcareoustufa,producedby the springsof
waterpercolating
throughthesandstone
and forming
calciumcarbonate.
Thewaterfinally
emerges
as a constantseepingor dripping,or, in places,as ashowerof sprayor as smallwaterfalls.
In suchcontinuallywetplaces,arichvernalfloraand associatedcrane-flyfaunais to be found.In theopen
alcoves,as at WeepingRock,thecliffwallsare sunlitformuchof theday
but theactualrockfacesare moreor less shadedby theluxuriant
growthof herbage
and provideidealhauntsforseveralspeciesof Tipulidae.In thewherethecanyondecreases
aboutto thewidthof theVirginRiver,
Narrows,

a mere20 feet,withvirtuallysheerwalls some 2000 feethigh,the clifffaces
are morecool and shaded and the plantgrowthevenmorerankand luxuriant.
In June,almostthe dominantplant speciesis the Venushairfern,Adianturn
capillus-veneris
Linn., forminggreat draperiesover the rocks. Associatedspeciesof higherplantsare many,includingSmilacinalilzacea (Greene); two
showyspeciesof columbine,Aquilegia rubicundaTidestromand A. thalictrifolia Rydberg;shootingstar,
Dodecatheon pauciflorum(Durand); and themonkeyflower,
Mimulus cardinalisDouglas, and severalothers.Young plantsof cardinalflower,
Lobelia cardinalisgraminea(Lam.) occur.The commonest
liana along the streamsis poison-ivy,
Rhus rydbergii(Small).
Certain crane-flies
are strictlyaquatic in their larval stage and inhabit
streamsof the generalnatureand appearanceof the Virgin River.The latter
seems to be surprisingly
poor in such strictlyaquatic forms,the reasonpresumablybeingas givenby Woodbury (1933) in his discussionof the Virgin
River,whichhe describesas beingan "Aquatic Desert", due to the scarcity
of life formsin the streamproper.The tremendousperiodic floods thatsweepdownthevalleyseemto keepthestreambed scouredclean,evendiatoms
and other algae having difficultyin maintainingan existence.It mightbe
observedthata speciesof net-winged
midge,Blepharoceridae,
genusBlepharocera,occursalong tlheriverat ttheNarrowsand is evidentlyable to withstandthe scouringaction.
Crane-flycollectingat both the Weeping Rock and the Narrowsproved
mostexcitingand productive.Mrs. Alexanderand I campedin Zion between
June21 and 23, 1942. ProfessorKnowltonand colleagueshave supplemented
such collectionsby materialstaken on various tripsto the Park coveringa
much widerrange of dates. On July1-3, 1942, Dr. Otto Degener and' Mr.
LeroyPeilersecureda fewfurther
interesting
Tipulidae in the Park.
Among the more interesting
Tipuloidea takenin Zion are the following:
Protanyderus
margarita*,
Holorusia grandis,Tipula (Bellardina) schizomera,
7'. (Yamatotipula) meridiana,
Limonia (Dicranomyia)brevivena,
L. (Geranomyia) canadensis,L. (G.) diversa,L. (G.)parapentheres*,L. (G.) zionana*,
Orimarga(Orimarga) zionensis*',Oxydiscus(Oxydiscus) maddocki*,Phyllolabis zionensis*,Teucholabis (Teucholabis) rubescens,Gonomyia(Progonomyia) zionicola*,G. (Idiocera) multistylata*, G. (I.) coloradica,G. (Lipophleps) cinerea,G. (Gonomyia) paiuta*, G. (G.) spinifer,Rhabdomastix(Sacandaga) californiensis,
R. (S.) ioogoon*, R. (S.) leonardi,R. (S.)
lipophleps*,Cryptolabis(Cryptolabis) sica*, Erioptera (Psiloconopa) margarita,E. (P.) neomexicana,E. (P.) sinawava*,E. (Mesocyphona) eiseni.

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH

7

and others.
The speciesmarkedwithan asterisk*
werenewto sciencewhen
firstdiscoveredat thisstation.Labelled"Zion NationalPark."
2. SevierRiver,near Hatch, southwestern
GarfieldCounty,altitude
estimated
at about6700 feet,June23, 1942.Collections
sweptfromgrasses
and Equisetunm
growingamonglow willowsalongthe river.Vast sagebrushplainsoccuron bothsidesof thestream
butall collecting
was fromthemore
Gonohumidstripcloseto thewater.SeveralTipulidaeoccurred,
includingmyia(Gonomyia)sevierensis*,
Erioptera(Psiloconopa)margarita
Alexander,
E. (P.) megarhabda(Alexander),Molophilus(Molophilus)colonusBergroth,and others.
Labelled"SevierRiver."3. High-LoweCreekand Pond, in mountains
above Beaver,Fishlake
NationalForest,BeaverCounty;altitude8,000feet,June25-26, 1942.A
swift-flowing
mountainstream,dammedby beaversto forma smallpond
belowtheroad.Collectingofalongthestreamabovethepondfora distanceabout100yardsonlybutveryminutely
coverconsurveyed.
The sparseforest
Piceapungens
sistsof ponderosa
pine,Pinusponderosa
Douglas;bluespruce,
Engelm.;Douglas-fir,
Pseudotsugataxifoliaglauca Mayr; whitefir,Abies
concolor(Gordon& Glendinning);
aspen,Populustremuloides
Michx.,togetherwithscatteredjuniperand willow.The rankstreamside
herbageincludedvariousspeciesof crucifers,
togetherwithspeciesof Smilacina,
Urtica,Geranium,
Geum,Rosa,Osmorrhiza,
Mertensia,
and others.The whiteformof theColoradocolumbine,
Aquilegiacoerulea
pinetorum
Tidestrom,
wasverycommonand severalof theTipulidaewerefoundrestingon theseplants.The
streamwas cold (490 Fahr.at noon) and crystalclear,withnumerous
smallfallsand riffles.
The air temperature
at 7 A.M., June26th,was 38?
Fahr.The humidenvironment
so preferredby the Tipulidaewas entirely
to and createdbythestream.
restricted
Twentyfeetawayaridconditions
bebecameabundant.
gan and sagebrushgradually
Tipulidaewerenumerous
and interesting,includingamongothers,
TipulaT. (Y.) spernax,
T. (Yamatotipula)meridiana,(Schummelia)magnifolia*,
Pedicia(Tricyphona)exolonma,
Dicranota(Rhaphidolabis)
Limneomexicana,nophila(Elaeophila)aldrichicollata*,L. (Phylidorea)claggi,L. occidens,
Gonomyia(Gonomyia)bihamata,Ormosia(Rhypholophus)
0. (Orbifldaria,
0. (O.) defrenata*,
0. (O.) fusiformis,
0. (O.) spinifex,
mosia)albertensis,
E. (Hesperoconopa)dolichophallus*,
Erioptera(Psiloconopa)gaspicola,E.
(Mesocyphona)distincta,
and others.Labelled"Beaver."4. Logan Canyon,alongthe Logan River,in Cache NationalForest,
Cache County;collecting
done in the Lodge ForestCampground,
PrestonValleyCampground,
ChinaRow,andhigher
up thecanyon,
between4800and
5200 feet,June29thand 30th,1942.LoganCanyonis one of the favorite
campingand picnicking
spotsforthe entomologists
stationedatcollecting,
Logan.The stream
anditsenvironment
aremagnificent
andundoubtedlymanyfurtherin theTipuloideawillbe madehere.Particular
discoveries
attentionis calledto thereportby Needhamand Christenson(1927) on "Economic
insectsin somestreamsof northernUtah", wherea detailedstudyof theLoganRiveris recorded,baseduponcollecting
donein thesummerof 1926,
withthebasestation
at BirchGlen,in theheartoftheCanyon.

8

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39 (1)

pendula,Tipula (Bellardina)
Tipulidae securedby us includedPtychoptera
T. (Yamatotipula) albocaucommscibiliseT. (Schummelia) subtenuicornis,
data, T. (Lunatipula) splendens,Antocha (Antocha) monticola,Dicranota
L. bigladia,Hexa(Rhaphidolabis)cayuga,Limnophila(Elaeophila) angustior,
Erioptera
toma (Eriocera) eriophora,Ormosia (Ormosia) brachyrhabda*,
E. (Hesperoconopa) aperta,Molophilus (Molo(Psiloconopa) microcellula,and others.Particularattentionshould be called to thephilus) perflaveolus,
strictlyaquatic Antocha which is certainlythe most characteristic
singlespeciesof this familyalong this river.Labelled "Logan Canyon."Collectorsand Localities.-As indicatedearlier,the primarybasis for thepresentreportis the large collectionmade by ProfessorKnowltonand associates at Logan. Since a great many collectorsare includedin the report,it
In the main body of the report,
seems advisableto list thesealphabetically.
the verynumerousrecordsmade by Knowltonhave been abbreviatedto theletter"K"; whereno collectoris givenit may be understoodthat the specimens (all 1942) were taken by the writer.The asteriskindicatesthe more
importantcollectors.
AldousD.
Ashdown,
Bates,R. C.
L. D.
Bischoff,
Otto"Degener,
Duncan,B.
"Edmunds,
GeorgeF.
Fechser,JohnC.
W. A.
Frahm,A.
Gaufin,Hagan,H. R.
Hammond,D. M.
Hansen,Hardy,AgnesT.
D. ElmoYHardy,Hardy,Horace'Harmston,
FredC.
Hayward,C. Lynn
Ivie,W.
Janes,K. & R. L.
'.Knowlton,
GeorgeF. & MaryW.
Linford,J. H.
"Maddock,DarrellR.
McEwen,Harry
J. E.
Moffet,"Mulaik,StanleyB.
Needham.I. (S.
Nye,WilliamP.
"Peay,W. E.
Peiler,Leroy-Rees,B. E.
Rees,Don M.
Rees,H. D.
Roberts,
R. S.
Rowe,J. A.
Sargent,
K. & D. L.
Smith,
C. F.
ThomasU.
*Spalding,Stafford,
Harold*Stains,
G. S.
Stoddard,
E. R.
Vasco M.
*Tanner,
P. E.
"Telford,
Thatcher,ThomasT. & M.
Tibbets,
Tipton,Vernon
Van denAkter,1. G.
Wilson,K.
*Wood,StephenL.
AngusM.
Woodbury,

Many of the westernUnited States, includingColorado, Texas, New
Mexico and Utah, in the earlieryearsof the presentcenturyhad one or more
insectcollectors.For Utah, thiswas Thomas U. Spalding (Tanprofessionalner, 1929) who made extensivecollectionsin the state,chieflybetween1900
and 1925. His large and importantseries of Tipulidae were purchasedby
Dr. William G. Dietz and several new species were describedfromsuch
materials,the collectionnow being preservedin the Academy of Natural
Sciences,Philadelphia.
In orderto avoid much repetitionof data throughoutthe text it is be-

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH

9lievedthatan alphabeticallistingof the stationswiththe countyand approximate altitude,whereknown,will prove helpful.Most of the altitudeshave
been takenfromthe AmericanGuide Series volumeon "Utah", cited in the
References.
Allen Canyon,Rich Co.
Alta, Little Cottonwood Canyon, Salt
Lake Co., 8583 ft.
Alton,Kane Co., 6875 ft.
Amalga, Cache Co., 4555 ft.
AmericanFork Canyon, Utah Co.
Appledale, Box Elder Co., 4350 ft.
Arches National Monument,Grand Co.
Aspen Grove, on Mt. Timpanogos,7000
ft.
Avon Canyon,Cache Co.
Bear Canyon Camp, Mt. Nebo, Juab Co.
Bear Lake, Rich Co., 5925 ft.
Bear River City, Box Elder Co., 4255ft.
Beaver, Beaver Co., 5970 ft.
Beaver, High-Lowe Camp (Alexander
Stat. 3)
Beaverdam,Box Elder Co., 4340 ft.
Benjamin,Utah Co.
Benson, Cache Co., 4417 ft.
Big CottonwoodCanyon,Salt Lake Co.
BlacksmithFork Canyon,Cache Co.
Blanding,San JuanCo.
WashingtonCo.
Bloomington,
Blue Creek, Box Elder Co., 4660 ft.
Bluff,San JuanCo., 4320 ft.
Bothwell,Box Elder Co., 4325 ft.
Box Canyon, Sanpete Co.
Brigham,Box Elder Co., 4440 ft.
BrighamCanyon,Box Elder Co.
Brighton,Salt Lake Co.
Canyon,Salt Lake Co.
Butterfield
Cache Co.
Cache Junction,
Callao, Juab Co.
Castilla, Utah Co.
Castle Valley, Grand Co.
Cedar Breaks, Iron Co.
Cedar City, Iron Co.. 5805 ft.
Central,WashingtonCo., 5345 ft.
Charleston,Wasatch Co., 5435 ft.
China Row Camp. in Logan Canyon.
Circleville,Piute Co., 6060 ft.
City Creek Canyon,Salt Lake Co.
Clarkston,Cache Co., 4930 ft.
Clinton,Davis Co.
Coal Creek Canyon,Iron Co.
Coalville,SummitCo., 5570 ft.
Collinston,Box Elder Co., 4460 ft.
Corinne,Box Elder Co., 4230 ft.
Cornish,Cache Co.

Cove (Cove Fort, Millard Co., 6000 ft.)
CurrantCreek, Wasatch Co., 7200 ft.
Daniels Pass, Wasatch Co.
Deer Creek (in Provo Canyon)
Delta, Millard Co., 4650 ft.
Devils Slide, Weber River, Morgan Co.
Draper, Salt Lake Co., 4525 ft.
Dry Canyon,Salt Lake Co.
Box Elder Co.
East Promontory,
Echo City, SummitCo., 5460 ft.
Eden, Weber Co., 4950 ft.
Elberta, Utah Co., 4660 ft.
EphraimCanyon,Sanpete Co.,
Eureka,Juab Co., 6395 ft.
FairmontPark, Salt Lake City.
Fairview,SanpeteCo., 6035 ft.
Davis Co., 4260 ft.
Farmington,
Farr West, Weber Co.
FerronReservoir,Sanpete Co.
Fillmore,Millard Co., 4995 ft.
Fish Lake, Sevier Co., 8600 ft.
Fish Springs,Juab Co.
Fort Duchesne,Uintah Co., 4990 ft.
FountainGreen, Sanpete Co., 5995 ft.
Gandy, Millard Co.
Garden City, Bear Lake, Rich Co.,
5950 ft.
Garfield,Salt Lake Co., 4240 ft.
Garland, Box Elder Co., 4345 ft.
Glacier Lake, on Mt. Timpanogos
Glendale, Kane Co., 5825 ft.
GraniteCreek, Juab Co.
Green River, EmeryCo., 4080 ft.
Grover,Wayne Co., 6750 ft.
Hanna, Duchesne Co., 6250 ft.
Hatch, GarfieldCo.
Hayden, Uintah Co.
Heber, Wasatch Co., 5595 ft.
Henefer,SummitCo., 5340 ft.
Holden, Millard Co., 5115 ft.
Honeyville,Box Elder Co., 4270 ft.
Hooper, Weber Co., 4240 ft.
Howell, Box Elder Co.
Hoytsville,SummitCo., 5665 ft.
HuntingtonCanyon, EmeryCo.,
6000-8000 ft.
Huntsville,Weber Co., 4920 ft.

10

THE

AMERICAN

MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

Hurricane, WashingtonCo., 3250 ft.
Hyde Park, Cache Co., 4450 ft.
Hyrum,Cache Co., 4705 ft.

Nephi, Juab Co., 5095 ft.
Nibley, Cache Co., 4525 ft.
Davis Co.
North Farmington,

Ideal Beach, Bear Lake, Rich Co.
Indian Canyon,DuchesneCo.

Oak Creek Canyon, Millard Co.,
5200 ft.
Oakley, SummitCo., 6515 ft.
Ogden, Weber Co., 4300 ft.
Orangeville,EmeryCo., 5770 ft.
Orem, Utah Co., 4755 ft.

Johnson,Kane Co., 5000 ft.
Piute Co., 6250 ft.
Junction,
Kamas, SummitCo., 6475 ft.
Kanab Canyon,Kane Co.
Kanesville,Weber Co., 4275 ft.
Kanosh, Millard Co., 5125 ft.
Kaysville,Davis Co., 4295 ft.
Kents Lake, Beaver Mt., Beaver Co.
Kimballs Fort, Silver Creek, SummitCo.
Koosharem,Sevier Co., 6850 ft.
Lake Point,Tooele Co., 4240 ft.
Laketown,Rich Co., 5990 ft.
Lakota, Bear Lake, Rich Co.
Layton,Davis Co., 4355 ft.
Leeds, WashingtonCo., 2750 ft.
Leeton, Uintah Co.
Lehi, Utah Co., 4550 ft.
Lewiston,Cache Co., 4505 ft.
Liberty,Morgan Co., 5110 ft.
Linwood, DaggettCo., 6025 ft.
Little Salt Lake, Iron Co.
LittleValley, Tooele Co.
Loa, Wayne Co., 7000 ft.
Logan, Cache Co., 4535 ft.
Logan Canyon, Cache Co.
(Alexander Stat. 4).
Logan Dry Canyon,Cache Co.
Magna, Salt Lake Co., 4280 ft.
Manila, DaggettCo., 6375 ft.
Mantua, Box Elder Co., 5175 ft.
Maple Canyon, Sanpete Co.
Marriott,Weber Co.
Mendon,Cache Co., 4435 ft.
Midway,Wasatch Co., 5565 ft.
Mill Creek Canyon,Salt Lake Co.,
4475 ft.
MirrorLake, Uintas,SummitCo.
Moab, Grand Co., 4000 ft.
Mona, Juab Co., 4915 ft.
Monroe Canyon, Sevier Co.
Monte Cristo,Weber Co.
Morgan,Morgan Co., 5065 ft.
MountainMeadows, WashingtonCo.
Myton,Duchesne Co., 5085 ft.
Naples, Uintah Co.
Narrows,see Zion National Park.
Nebo, Mt., Juab Co.
Neola, Duchesne Co.

Paradise, Cache Co., 4860 ft.
Parowan, Iron Co., 5990 ft.
Parrish Canyon (see Upper Parrish
Canyon).
Payson, Utah Co., 4700 ft.
Peoa, SummitCo., 6190 ft.
Peterson,Morgan Co., 4890 ft.
Pine Valley, WashingtonCo.
Pinto, WashingtonCo.
Plain City, Weber Co.
Pleasant Grove, on Mt. Timpanogos
Portage,Box Elder Co., 4370 ft.
ProvidenceCanyon, Cache Co.
Provo, Utah Co., 4550 ft.
Provo Canyon,Utah Co.
Raft River Mts., Box Elder Co.
Redmond,Sevier Co., 5135 ft.
Richfield,Sevier Co., 5310 ft.
Richmond,Cache Co., 4610 ft.
Riverdale, Weber Co.
River Heights,Cache Co., 4540 ft
Riverton,Salt Lake Co., 4435 ft.
Rockville,WashingtonCo., 3745 ft.
Rocky MouthCanyon,Salt Lake Co.
Roy, Weber Co.
St. George,WashingtonCo., 2760 ft.
SalamanderLake, on Mt. Timpanogos
Salem, Utah Co., 4600 ft.
Salina, Sevier Co., 5160 ft.
Saltair, Great Salt Lake.
Salt Lake City, Salt Lake Co., 4365 ft.
Sandy, Salt Lake Co., 4450 ft.
Sardine Canyon, on Mt. Pisgah,
Cache Co.
Canyon, Tooele Co., 5100 ft.
Settlement
Sevier River, at Hatch(Alexander Stat. 2).
Slaterville,Weber Co.
Cache Co., 4595 ft.
Smithfield,
Soldier Summit,Wasatch Co., 7440 ft.
South Willow Canyon, Tooele Co.
Spanish Fork,Utah Co., 4550 ft.
Springdale,WashingtonCo., 3915 ft.
SpringHollow, in Logan Canyon.
Starr,Juab Co.
StockmoreRanger Station,
Duchesne Co., 6960 ft.

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH

11

Stockton,Tooele Co., 5070 ft.
Strawberry
Creek, Wasatch Co.
Strawberry
Reservoir,Wasatch Co.,
7600 ft.
Syracuse,Weber Co., 4240 ft.

Valencia, Davis Co.
Vernal, Uintah Co., 5520 ft.
Vernon,Tooele Co., 5510 ft.
Vineyard,Utah Co.
Virgin,WashingtonCo., 3400 ft.

Taylorville,Salt Lake Co., 4355 ft.
Ten Mile, Escalante Desert,GarfieldCo.
Three Lakes, Kane Co.
Timpanogos,Mt., Utah Co.
TimpoonekeGuard Station,American
Fork Canyon, Timpanogos.
Tony Grove Camp, in Logan Canyon.
Tooele, Tooele Co., 4925 ft.
Trenton,Cache Co., 4460 ft.
Trout Creek, Juab Co.
Tryol Lake, Uinta Mountains.
Tucker, Utah Co.

Wanship,SummitCo., 5860 ft.
Washington,WashingtonCo., 2800 ft.
Weeping Rock, see Zion National Park.
Wellsville,Cache Co., 4495 ft.
Whiterocks,Uintah Co., 6050 ft.
White Valley, Millard Co.
Willard, Box Elder Co., 4265 ft.
Willow Lake, FerronCanyon,
Sanpete Co.
Wolf Creek Pass, Wasatch Co., 9400 ft.
Woodland, SummitCo.
Woodruf,Rich Co., 6345 ft.
Woodside, EmeryCo., 4645 ft.

Uintah,Weber Co. 4495 ft.
Upper Parrish Canyon, FarmingtonMt.,
Davis Co., 7000 ft.

Zion National Park, WashingtonCo.,
4500 ft. (Alexander Stat. 1).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS,

As previouslymentioned,
the main sourceof materialsfor thisstudywas the large
and importantseries of sDecimenstaken by ProfessorGeorge F. Knowlton,of the
Utah State AgriculturalCollege, Logan. I wish to acknowledgewith deepest thanks
thisfriendlyaid and cooperationof ProfessorKnowlton,and severalof his staffassociates and variousformerstudents,in devotingso much attentionto the collectingof
theseoftenneglectedflies.ProfessorKnowlton'scollectionscover nearlyten years andincluderecordsfromvirtuallyall countiesin Utah and at all seasonsof the year. In
additionto the greatbasic seriesthusprovided,smallerlots of specimenswere obtained
fromothersources,particularlyBrighamYoung University,
Provo, throughProfessor
Vasco M. Tanner, and fromthe Universityof Utah, Salt Lake City, throughthe
appreciatedinterestof Mr. George F. Edmunds,Jr.,Mr. StanleyB. Mulaik, and Dr.
Don M. Rees. I am mostgratefulto all such friendsand co-workersfor the opportunityto studythesevariouslots of Tipuloidea,the recordsof whichhave added vastlyto
the completenessof thepresentbasic treatment
for the State.
My deepestappreciation
is extendedto Mrs. Alexander,not only for invaluableaidin the collectingof specimensbut veryespeciallyfor muchassistancein the compilingand checkingof data.
REFERENCES
1941-A bibliographyof National Parks and Monumentswest of the Mississippi River. 2: Cedar Breaks National Monument,pp. 1-3; TimpanogosCave
National Monument,
pp. 1-2; Zion National Park not yetcompleted.
(VARIOUS AUTHORS)
1941-Climate and Man. 1941 Yearbook of Agriculture.U.S.
D.A., pp. 1-1248; Utah, pp. 1147-1158,7 maps,by Cecil Alter.
1945-Utah-A Guide to the State. American Guide Series, pp. 595, figs.,
maps.
ALEXANDER, CHARLES P. 1943-Records and descriptionsof NorthAmericancraneflies(Diptera). Part IV. Tipuloidea of the YellowstoneNational Park. Amer.
Midl. Nat. 30:718-764, 50 figs.
1945-The same, Part V. Tipuloidea of the Grand Teton National Park and
Teton National Forest,Wyoming.Ibid. 33:391-439, 46 figs.
ANON.

12

THE AMERICAN MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

1946-The same, Part VI, Tipuloidea of Arizona, New Mexico and TransPecos Texas, 1. Ibid. 35:484-531, 27 figs.
provincesof North America, pp.
ATWOOD, WALLACE W. 1940-The physiographic
536, 5 col. maps, 1 insertmap,281 figs.

--

C. T. 1922-Mammals of Utah. Utah Univ. Bull. 12, No. 15: 1-160, 31
figs.
listof Utah Odonata. Occas. Pap. Mu;. Zool.,
BROWN, C. J. D. 1934-A preliminary
Univ. Michigan,291:1-17, map.
BARNES,

1911-A biologicalsurveyof Colorado. North Amer. Fauna 33:1256, 12 pls., 39 figs(pl. 1, statemap in color showinglife zones).
COLE, JR., A. C. 1942-The ants of Utah. Amer. Midl. Nat. 28:358-388, 5 figs.
DICE, LEE R. 1943-The bioticprovincesof NorthAmerica,pp. 78, map.

CARY, MERRITTNEVIN M. 1931-Physiographyof westernUn-tedStates,pp. 1-534, 173
figs.,1 pocketmap.
GRAHAM, EDWARD H. 1937-Botanical studiesin the Uinta Basin of Utah and Colorado. Ann. CarnegieMus. 26:1-432, 13 pls., 1 fig.
GREGORY, HERBERT E. 1941-A geologic and geographicsketchof Zion National
Park. Zion-BryceMus. Bull. 3:1-33, 12 figs.,col. covers.
AND RICHARD T. EVANS 1936-Zion National Park (general account,on remap).
verseof detailedtopographicof the southernWasatch and Uinta
1945-Biotic communities
HAYWARD, C. LYNN
Mountains,Utah. Great Basin Naturalist6:1-124, 12 figs.(detailed considerationof Mount Timpanogos).
1927-Economic insectsin some streams
NEEDHAM, J. G., AND R. 0. CHRISTENSON
of northern
Utah. Utah Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 201:1-36, 44 figs.
FENNEMAN,

C. C. 1938-Mammals of Zion-Bryce and Cedar Breaks. Zion-Bryceof life zones and(diagram showingdistribution
Mus. Bull. 2:1-20, text-figs.
detaileddiscussionof subject).
AND PAULINE M. PATRAW 1937-Plants of Zion National Park. Ibid. 1:1-69,
15 pls., text-figs.
(briefdiscussionof life zones).
SHELFORD, VIcTOR E., AND COLLABORATORS 1926-Naturalist's Guide to the Americas, 1-761, 16 figs(maps). Utah, pp. 557-560, by C. F. Korstian.
of the mammalscn the northslope
SVIHLA, R. D. 1932-The ecologicaldistributionof the Uinta mountains.
Ecol. Mon. 2:47-81.
TANNER, VASCO M. 1928-The Coleopteraof Zion National Park, Utah. Ann. Ent.
Soc. America21:269-281.
1929-Thomas UttingSpalding, 1866-1929. Ent. News 40:343-344.
--1940-A
chapteron the natural historyof the Great Basin, 1800 to 1855.
Great Basin Naturalist1:33-61, 2 figs.
AND C. L. HAYWARD 1934-A biological studyof the La Sal Mountains.
ReportNo. I (Ecology). Proc. Utah Acad. Sci. 11:209-234.
TIDESTROM, IVAR 1925-Flora of Utah and Nevada. U. S. Nat. Mus., Contrib.U. S.
Nat. Herb. 26:1-665, ill.
TWOMEY,A. C. 1942-Birds of the Uinta Basin, Utah. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 28:
341-490.
VAN DERSAL, WILLIAM R. 1938-Native woody plants of the United States, theirand wildlifevalues. U.S.D.A. Misc. Publ. 303:1-362, 44 pls.,
erosion-control
2 pocketmaps.
of Zion Canyon,Utah, withspecial
WOODBURY, ANGUS M. 1933-Biotic relationships
referenceto succession.Ecol. Mon. 3:147-246, 29 figs.
PRESNALL,

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH

13

SystematicAccount
TANYDERIDAE

Protanyderusmargaritasp. nov.-Size small (wing,male,less than
8 mm.);general
withfourvery
coloration
ofthorax
lightgray,thepraescutum
poorlyindicatedlightgraystripes;femorayellow,the tipsrathernarrowly
tibiaeyellow,the basesand tipsevenmorenarrowly
infuscated;infuscated;brownpattern;wingswhitish
subhyaline,
witha bandedandspotted
abdominal
segments
brown,
theposteriorborders
pale yellow;malehypopygium
withthedististyle
deeplydivided.
about6.5-7.2mm.;wing,6-7.7mm.
ci. Length,
about8-8.5mm.;wing,9-10mm.
?. Length,
Rostrumand palpiblack.Antennae
withscapedark,graypruinose;
pedicel black,flagellum
brownishblack,theoutersegments
somewhat
paler.Headgray;anteriorvertexlessthanthreetimesthediameterof thescape.
Pronotumbrownishgray.Mesonotalpraescutum
lightgray,withfourvery
poorlyindicatedlightgrayishbrownstripes,the intermediatepair better
defined,thelaterals
in thetype,a littlemorepronounced
scarcelyin aevident
paratype;
posteriorscleritesof notumlightgrayor testaceousgray.Pleura
lightgray,vaguelyto scarcely
withbrighter
areas.Haltereswith
patterned
stemwhitened,knobinfuscated.
Legs withthe coxae and trochanterspaleyellow;femorayellow,thetipsrathernarrowly
infuscated,
the amountsubequal on all legs;tibiaeyellow,thebasesand tipsevenmorenarrowly
darkened;tarsiyellow,
thetipsofthemoreproximal
segments
narrowly
infuscated,theoutertwosegments
darkbrown;penultimate
witha conspicuous
segment
basaltoothor lobe.Wings(Fig. 1) withthegroundwhitish
withsubhyaline,
a pale brownpattern,theareasveryvaguelymargined
withdarker;
markings=:

Fig. 1. Protangderus
margarita
sp. n.,
venation.

arranged
aboutas in vipio,including
a postarcularspotin cellsR and M,
confluent
witha similarareanearbase of Anal cell; a somewhat
equal areaat originof Rs; a broken
bandat cord,narrowlyinterrupted
at M and again
in theAnal field;a secondbrokenbandat levelof forkof R2?3 and outer
enidof cell 1st M2; elsewhereon wingsurface
withscatteredspots,including
oneson all veinsand a fewotherscatteredmarginal
areas;veinsyellow,
lightbrownin thepatterned
Venation:R2?3 aboutone-fourth
portions.
longerthansinuouson distalhalf;cell 1st M2 aboutone-half
R2, thelatter
longerthan
veinM1..
Abdominal
segments
theposterior
brown,
borders
paleyellow;subterminal
somewhatmoreuniformly
segments
darkerbrown;hypopygium
brownishyellow.Male hypopygium
withthedististyle
singlebutdeeplydivided,
thebaseonlyaboutas longas theshorter
arm;longerarm,at andneartip,withseveral
longdark-colored
setae.

14

THE

AMERICAN

MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1]

Holotype, ci, Zion National Park, altitude4,500 ft.,June22, 1942 (M.
Idaho, May 3, 1901 (J. M. Aldrich);
M. Alexander).Allotype,?, Juliaetta,
X, pinnedwithtype; 1 addiUnited States National Museum. Paratopotype,tional wing,foundin a spider'sweb at the Narrows,June21, 1942 (C. P.
Alexander). Paratypes,1 ci, withthe allotype;1 X, Gothic,GunnisonCo.,
Colorado, Jtuly6, 1935 (Inez W. Williams), earlierrecordedas vipio; I
ci (wings on slide), Sunset, Colorado, July22, 1915 (T. D.
fragmentary
A. Cockerell).
I named this attractivefly for Mrs. Alexander,using the second given
name, Marguerite.The only otherdescribedNearctic species of the genus
vanduzeei (Alexander,1918) and P. vipio (Osten Sacken,
are Protanyderus
in the semi-degenerateconspicuously1877), the formerof whichdiffers
wings.
witha quite distinctpattern;the latterspecies still is knownonly fromthe
unique type,taken along San Mateo Creek,near San Francisco,California,
April 9, 1876, by Osten Sacken. It is a muchlargerfly (Length,male, about
in the colorationof the body and legs. It
10 mm.), withevidentdifferences
should be emphasizedthat in the Tanyderidaethe femalesex is largerthan
the male.
PTYCHOPTERIDAE

lenisOsten Sacken, 1877.-Logan Canyon,China Row Camp,
Ptychoptera
June30, 1942; Raft River,June,1932 (Rowe). Needham and Christenson(1927) give a briefdescriptionof the larva and pupa, the materialfrom
Birch Glen, Logan River.
Ptychopteralenis coloradensisAlexander,1937.-Alton, May 9, 1939
(K &6 Harmston); Clarkston,April 27, 1938 (K 6 Hardy); Hyrum,April
29, 1939(K &6Harmston); Laketown,June6, 1938 (K 6? Harmston).
pendulaAlexander,1937.-Kimball's Fort,June29, 1943 (K);
Ptychoptera
L_oganCanyon,Lodge ForestCamp, June30, 1942; Provo,June8, 1939 (K
6 Nye); Provo Canyon,June29, 1939 (K &6Harmston).
Ptychopterauta Alexander,1947.-Logan, May 1, 1941 (Roberts); Portage, May 1, 1939 (K 6 Harmston); Willard, April 29, 1939 (K 6
Harmston).
Bittacomorphaclavipes (Fabricius, 1781) .-Eden, August 25, 1938 (K6? Hardy); GardenCity,August 25, 1938 (K &6Hardy); Laketown,August29, 1939 (K &6Harmston); Neola, May 23, 1939 (K &6 Harmston).
TRICHOCERIDAE

Di.azosma subsinuata (Alexander, 1915).-Provo Canyon) North Fork
(Hardy).
TrichoceragarrettiAlexander,1927.-Cottonwood Canyon,April 6, 1938
(Nye); Logan, March 21, 1942 (Ashdown); March 30, 1933 (Thatcher);
May 1, 1939 (K &6 Stains); October 8, 1934 (Gunnell); Logan, Campus,
March 15, 1938 (Hardy); April 3-20, 1938 (K); May 5, 1943 (K); Logan
Canyon,June12, 1945 (K); November1, 1945 (K); Nibley,May 12, 1938

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH

15(Hardy); RiverHeights,April 7, 1943 (K); Smithfield,
May 11, 1938 (KHardy); Spanish Fork (Hardy).

e

Trichocerasaltator (Moses Harris, 1782).-Provo environs,6,500 ft.,
February21, 1936 (Hardy). This is not the speciesrecordedas saltatorfromof thisflyby Edwards
Wyoming(Alexander,1945: 398). The interpretation
calls for a specieswithunpatternedwingsand withthe dististyleentirelyunmodified,as in the presentfly;the Teton specieshad a small basal lobe on
the dististyleof the male, about as in hiemalis(DeGeer, 1776) but its strict
identity
mustremainin question.Whetherthevariousnamescurrently
placedin the synonymy
of saltatoractuallypertainto the speciesseemsquestionable
and strictcomparisons
to me sincethe typesof some of theseare non-existent
are impossible.However, it would seem that less confusionwill result if
is followed.
Edward'slaterinterpretationof the synonymy
TIPULIDAE
TIPULINAE

Holorusia (Holorusia) grandis(Bergroth,1888) (rubiginosaLoew, 1863,
nec Holorusia (Ctenacroscelis)rubiginosca
Bigot, 1863) .-Maple Canyon,
August 10, 1923 (Aldous); ParowanCanyon, July20, 1919 (collectorunknown); St. George (Woodbury); Spanish Fork (Horace Hardy); Trout
Creek,July29, 1939 (Stafford);Zion Canyon,June 19, 1919 (coIlectorunknown), Weeping Rock, 4,500 ft., June21-23, 1942.
Prionocera uinticola sp. nov.-Allied to oregonica;mesonotalpraescu.
tum gray,with threedarkerstripes,the median one with a narrowvelvety
black line on cephalicportion;tibiaeand tarsibrownishblack; wingsbrownish
gray,the prearcularand costalfieldsmoreyellowed;stigmabarelyevident,its
proximalhalfyellow;Rs short,onlyaboutthreetimesm-cu;vein K3 upcurved>
cells R2 and R3 at marginsubequal in extent;abdominaltergitesdark gray,witha browncentralstripe,the lateralbordersbroadlyyellow;male hypopygium with the ninthtergiteterminatingin six slenderlobes; basistylemoreor less producedinto a lobe.
cr. Length,about 10.5 mm.;wing,12.5 mm.; antenna,about 4 mm.
Frontal prolongationof head black,pruinose,the apex of sides and beneath narrowlyyellow; nasus elongate; palpi black. Antennae black, thebase of the firstflagellarsegmentnarrowlyreddened;succeedingflagellarsegmentsconspicuouslyproducedon lower marginat outer end to produce a
serrateappearance.Head above dark brown,includingthe verticaltubercle,
the lattersubtendedby more velvetyblack areas; frontand anteriorvertex
lightergray,becomingobscuredon the posteriororbits.
Pronotumdark gray,scutellumyellow.Mesonotal praescutuingray,withthree darkerstripes,the median one with a narrowvelvetyblack line on
cephalicportion,the stripescarcelydividedbehind;posteriorscleritesof notur
gray,scutal lobes variegatedwithdarkerbrown;parascutellayellow. Pleura
chieflygray,the dorsopleuralregionextensively
buffyyellow;posteriorpleurites and the katapleurotergite
yellow.Halteres brown,knob darkerbrown,

16

THE

AMERICAN

MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

vaguelypalerat apex.Legs withcoxaegrayish
trochanterspruinose;yellow;a single(fore) leg remains;femoraobscureyellow,the outerfourthvery
gradually
moreinfuscated;tibiaeand tarsibrownish
black.Wingsbrownish
gray,theprearcularand costalfieldsmoreyellowed;
stigmascarcely
evident,
itsproximal
halfyellow,
theouterportion
verypalebrown;a scarcely
evident
in basesof outerradialcellsat theanterior
darkeningstreakcord;obliterativeextending
frombeforestigmaacrossbase of cell 1st M2; veinsbrown,
morein thecostalregion.
yellowed
Venation:Muchas in oregonica
butRs shorter,
aboutthreetimesm-cu,cell RI correspondingly
in oregonica,
widened;Rs ismorenearlyfourtimesm-cu,cell RI on basalportion
verynarrow;veinR3
shorterand moreupcurved
thanin oregonica,
cellsR2 and R3 at marginsubequalin extent.
Abdominal
tergites
darkgray,witha browncentral
stripe;caudalbordersof segments
verynarrowly
whitened,lateraltergalborders
broadlyand conmoreuniformly
brownishspicuously
yellow;sternites
borgray,theposterior
dersverynarrowly
withtheninthtergite
pale.Male hypopygium(Fig. 2, 9t)
in six slenderlobes,the lateralpairelongate,
terminating
clothedon outer
lobessubequalin length,
portionwithdelicatesetulae;sublateralstouterat
lobesshortest,
base,withcoarseblacksetae;intermediate
theouterforming
medianplate,glabrousor virtually
so. Basistyleat apexangleof a rectangularintoa lobe.Outerdististyleat base,narrowed
moreor lessproduced
broadest
thebeak;lowerbeaksepato theobtusetip.Innerdististyle
narrow,
including
ratedfromthesubbasallobeby an angularnotch.

- .

9t

Fig. 2. Prionocera uinticola sp. n., malehypopygium.

(Symbol: 91, tergite).

Holotype,c, TryolLake,UintaMountains(JohnC. Fechser&6 Vasco
M. 7'anner);Alexander
Collection
through
Hardy.
The mostsimilarspeciesare Prionocera
oregonica
Alexander,
1943,andP. primoveris
Alexander,
1943,whichdiffer
in thedetailsof strucespeciallytureof themalehypopygium.
The former
speciesis mostlikethepresent
fly,in the venation,
furtherdifferingas discussed.
Nephrotoma
ferruginea(Fabricius,1805).-Cedar City,Iron Springs,
June26, 1917,July3, 1919 (collectorunknown);Charleston,August14,
1943(K & Tvladdock);
August2, 1935(Bischoif),
August7, 1939
Fillmore,
July18, 1939 (K);
(Bischoff);Gandy,August8, 1945 (K); Huntsville,
Logan,June11, 1943 (Maddock& Stoddard),July19, 1939(K & Stains);
Maple Canyon,1923 (collector
unknown);Ogden,August31, 1943 (K &Telford);Pinto,July12, 1939(K & Harmston);St. George,May 22, 1919

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH

17(collector
unknown);
Salt Lake City,June10, 1945 (Edmunds& Mulaik),June23, 1943 (K); Sandy,on alfalfa,September
11, 1917 (collector
unknown);SpanishFork,September
21, 1943(K); Valencia,July20, 1938(K).
Nephrotoma
lugenserythrophrys(Williston,1893).-Alta, LittleCottonwoodCanyon,July12, 1938 (Rees), Univ. Utah 22,801;PaysonCanyon(Tanner);ProvoCanyon,NorthFork (Hardy),BYU No. 16; RaftRiver

Mts., 10,000 ft.,June 1928 (Tanner), No. 3238; Mt. Timpanogos,Aspen

Grove(Hardy),BYU No. 21.
Nephrotoma
occidentalis(Doane, 1908).-Amalga, May 30, 1944 (K);GreenRiver,June14, 1945(K); Hooper,June13,August3, 1937(Hardy);
Kanab,April19,1939(K & Harmston);Kanesville,
July11, 1937(K); Oak
CreekCanyon,July10, 1942 (K); Ogden,June20, 1937 (K); Parowan,
August8, 1942 (K); PlainCity,June21, 1927 (collector
Proviunknown);
dence,June17, 1931(Hammond);Provo,June5, 1944(K); Riverdale,July7, 1937 (K); Salem,September
25, 1943(K); Salt Lake City,May 6, 1939
(Janes),June15, 1933(Stafford),
September
30, 1930(K); Smithfield,
June
5, 1939(K & Harmston);
Vernon,August5, 1930,on potatoes(K).
Nephrotoma
snowii(Doane, 1908), var.-Leeton,July25, 1945 (K).
A singlefemalethatagreeswellwiththe description
exceptthatpraescutal
stripesare blackonlyon about theircethalichlalfand thereare furtherof coloration.
slightdifferences
Tipula (Bellardina)commiscibilis
Doane, 1912 (contaminata
Doane,

1901).-Box Canyon,near Maple Canyon,August 28, 1923 (Aldous); Brigham Canyon,June17, 1938 (Hardy & Stains); Head of FairviewCanyon,
September1, 1945 (Edmunds & Mulaik); Hooper, July6-7, 1937 (Hardy);
HuntingtonCanyon, 6,000 ft., September1, 1945 (Edmunds & Mulaik);
Huntsville,August 25, 1938 (K & Hardy); Logan, September21, 1935
(Rigby), at light, September25, 1939 (K & Stains), October 10, 1936
(Harmston); Logan Canyon,August 7, 1938 (Hardy), at light,August 8,1945 (K); Maple Canyon,August 20, 1923 (Aldous); Providence,at light,
September19, 1934 (Smith); Provo Canyon, North Fork (Hardy); Provo(Hardy), August 26-September 7, 1919 (Spalding); Salem, September18,
1943 (K); Salt Lake City,EmigrationCanyon,August 25, 1935 (Stafford);South Willow Canyon,July4, 1942 (S. & D. Mulaik); SpanishFork (Agnes
Hardy); Wanship,August 18, 1945 (Edmunds & Mulaik).
Tipula (Bellardina) gothicanaAlexander,1943.-Beaver Canyon (Brooklyn Museum, collectedby Charles Schaeffer,
no date); the same, 7,200 ft.,
July12, 1945 (K &? Telford).

Tipula (Bellardina) schizomeraAlexander,1940-St. George, May 26,
1919 (collectorunknown),June28, 1945 (K); Virgin,May 18, 1944 (K);Washington,June28, 1945 (K); Zion National Park, May 13, 1936 (Ree;& Duncan), Univ. Utah, 18,376.Mrs. Alexanderand I foundthishandsome
flyin variousplaces at Zion, specificallyalong a small streamat the Grotto
Campground,June21, 1942, restingbeneathoverhanging
rocksin the stream
bed, and again at Weeping Rock,restingon the wet clifffacesamongmasses
of Venushairfern.

18

THE

AMERICAN

MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

Tipula (Bellardina)subcinerea
Doane, 1901.-Mt. Timpanogos,
Aspen
Grove(Hardy,Tanner).
Tipula (Trichotipula)macrophallus(Dietz, 1918).-Logan Canyon,
August7, 1938 (Hardy); ProvoCanyon,Deer Creek,August19, 20, 1913
(Spalding);types.
Tipula (Schummelia) magnifoliasp. nov.-Alliedto subtenuicornis.
niesonotal
praescutum
lightgray,withfourbrownstripes,
moreintensein
antennae
withscapeandpedicelyellow,
female;flagellum
black;femora
yellow,
the tips narrowly
but conspicuously
blackened;wingswhitishsubhyaline,
extensively
cloudedwithpale brown,
stigmadarkerbrown;abdomenyellow,
six to eightin
thetergites
withdarkbrown;segments
variegatedsublaterally
withmedianappendage
male blackened
to forma ring;male hypopygiumof ninthsternite
entire;innerdististylewithouterbasallobemoreor lessbilobed;eighthsternite
withthelaterallobesverylargeand conspicuous.
about6-6.2mm.
about13-15mm.;wing,12-14mm.;antenna,
ci' Lenigth,?. Length,
about14-15mm.;wing,13-16mm.
Frontalprolongationof head aboveobscureyellow,somewhat
darkeronsides;nasusshort;palpiwithbasaltwosegments
darkbrown,
theouterones
palerbrown.Antennae(male) elongate;scapeand pedicelyellow,flagellum
black;segments
withsmallbasal enlargements;
longestverticils
unilaterally
morethanone-halfthelengthof thesegments;
in female,
distributed,
slightlyantennae
shorter.
Head abovegray,moreyellowedon front;
verticaltubercle
low or scarcely
developed.
Pronotumgrayishtestaceous,
vaguelypatterned
withdarker.Mesonotal
praescutum
lightgray,withfourbrownstripesthatare darkercoloredandmoreintensein female;in male,intermediate
stripesusuallypalerthanthe
laterals;scutumgray,each lobe withtwo contiguousor slightly
confluentdarkareas;scutellum
morebrownish
yellow,
grayat base;mediotergite
gray,moreyellowed.
Pleuragray,vaguelypatterned
withobscure
pleurotergite
yel-Fig. 3. Tipula (Schummelia)magnifolia
sp. n., malehypopygium.
(Symbols:id,innerdististyle;od,outerdististyle;s, sternite;
1,tergite).
Bs

3

membranelow; dorsopleuralyellow.Haltereswithstemand apex of knob
yellow,the base of latterdarkbrown.Legs withthe coxaeyellow,
sparsely
but conspicuthetipsnarrowly
trochanterspruinose;yellow;femorayellowv,
ouslyblack,theamountsubequalon all legs;tibiaeobscureyellow,thetips
subbrownish
narrowly
black;tarsiblack;claws(male) simple.Wingswhitish
mostofthepatterncloudedwithpale brown,
hyaline,extensively
involvingALEXANDER:

1948

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH

19

thecellsof thewingand havingthegeneralarrangementfoundin thehermanniagroup;the chiefwhiteareasincludethe wingbase,prestigmal
andareafromcell 1St M2 almostto thepoststigmal
markings,
and an obliterative
posteriorborderin cellsM3 and M4; stigmadarkerbrown;cellsC and Sc
somewhatcleareryellow.Venation:Rs nearlystraight,
subequalto thelongm.
m-cu;petioleof cell.Mi a littleexceeding
Abdomenyellow,
thefirsttergite
darkenedthesucceeding
ones
medially,on thebaseof tergite
withdarkbrownlateralor nearlylateralmarkings,
twoelongateand continuous,
beyondthisbrokenintobasal and apical spots;
sternites
morenearlyclearyellow;in malewitha broadblacksubterminal
ring
six to eight,inclusive;
involvingsegments
lobesof the eighthsternite
andof hypopygium
withthemedianregion
remainder
yellow.Male hypopygiumof ninthtergite
producedcaudadintoa smallsubrectangularlobe. Medianappendage
ofninthsternite
a smallsimplelobe,at apextufted
withlongsetae,
thesecontinued
downthe sidesof the lobe to beyondmidlength.
Outer
dististylepale,broadest
on proximal
two-thirds,
theouterportion
morenarrowed;setaeof moderate
lengthonly,lackingon basalfifth.
Innerdististyle
withthemainbodylongandnarrow,on itsfacewitha large
thebeakslender,outerbasallobelarge,moreor lessbilobed,
flatblackened
lobeor flange;
theof theremainder
cephaliclobewithnumerous
spinoidsetae,thevestitureoflobe long and delicate. Eighthsternite
withthe blackenedbase rein area,concealedor virtustrictedlally so beneaththeseventh
sternite;9t
the unusuallylarge whitened
lobes
projectingcaudad and dorsad, very

conspicuous.
dd-

S

)

fi

Fig. 4. Tipula (Yamatotipula) cognafa
Doane, male hypopygium.
(Symbols: id, innerdististyle;od, outer
1, tergite).
4dististyle;t~id

8,000ft.,June26, 1942(C. P. Alexarider).
Holotype,6, Beaver,altitude
6' ,Allotopotype,6 ci; paratypes,?, pinnedwithtype.Paratopotypes,
Miami,MariposaCo., California,
June7, 1940 (Mont A. Cazier).
The nearestdescribed
speciesis Tipula (Schummelia)subtenuicornis
in thestructureof themalehypopyDoane,1901,whichdiffers
conspicuouslyof the eighthof theinnerdististylegium,particularly
and the appendages
sterniteand ninthsternite.
subtenuicornis
Tipula (Schummelia)
Doane, 1901.-LoganCanyon,June30, 1942(Alexander),July4, 1945(K).
Tipula (Yamatotipula)albocaudata
Doane, 1901.-Logan,May 26-29,
1943 (Maddock),June26, 1943 (Maddock);LoganCanyon,May 28, 1938
at 4800ft.,June30, 1942(Alexander).
(Bischoff),

20

THE

AMERICAN

MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

Tipula (Yamatotipula) cognataDoane, 1901.-Zion National Park, May
13, 1936 (Rees). The presentspecimenagreeswitha homotypethat was determinedby Melander, differing
fromalbocaudata Doane, 1901, in certain
details of structureof the male hypopygium,includingthe large and conspicuous outer basal lobe of the innerdististyle.Since the hypopygiumhas
not been describedand figuredI am supplyingthesedata.
Male hypopygium(Fig. 4) havingthe ninthtergite,9t, producedinto an
elongatemedian lobe that is split for less than half its length,formingtwo
slenderlobules,each tipped with several blackenedspiculose points. Outerdististyle,od, elongate,pale, truncateat tip, the lowermarginbeyondmidlengthstronglydilated;base and posteriormarginformorethanthe proximal
half with long conspicuousblack setae, on the outer half these small andinconspicuous.
Inner dististyle,id, complex,the beak and outerbasal lobe ofsomewhatsimilarshape and size, the latter denselycovered with setulae;
dorsal crestformingan irregularly
obtuse lobe, not appearingas a spinous
point as in edmundsiand tephrocephala,
the outerportionwitha fewshort
but strongsetae; nearerbase with about five longer bristlesfrom strong
basal tubercles.
Tipula (Yamatotipula) continentalisAlexander, 1941.-Logan Canyon,
5,200 ft., June30, 1942; July26, 1939 (Nye & Stains); August 7, 1938
(Hardy); Salt Lake City,June9, 1945 (Harmston); Mt. Timpanogos,Aspen
Grove (Hardy).
Tipula (Yamatotipula) diluta Doane, 1901.-Amalga, May 30, 1944 (K& Stoddard); Benson, May 26, 1944 (K, Bates & Stoddard); Brigham,
June19, 1944 (K, Wood & Stoddard); Cache Junction,
May 27, 1944 (K);Logan, May 7, 1941 (Roberts), May 26, 1944 (K & Wood); Logan Dry
Canyon,June23, 1944 (Wood ? Stoddard); Mendon,August26, 1942 (K);Tooele, August 4, 1938 (K ? Stains).
Tipula (Yamatotipula) edmundsi sp. nov.-Allied to albocaudata;mesonotalpraescutumgray,with three somewhatdarkergray stripesthat
are conspicuouslyborderedby dark brown,the groundcolor of the lateral
stripesalmost obliterated;flagellarsegmentsof male black,stronglyincised;claws (male) small, simple; wingsbrownishgray,the prearcularand costal
field'smore brownishyellow;remainderof wing weaklypatterned;Rs relativelyshort,about one-halfto two-thirds
longerthan m-cu;male hypopygium
withthe tergallobes elongate;outer dististylenearlyparallel-sided,
obtuseat
apex, the marginsvirtuallystraight;inner dististylewith the beak stout,
blackened;on outermarginwitha slendercurvedspinoidlobe, the outerbasal
lobe poorly developed; gonapophyseswith tips subatrophied,taperinginto
pale memrbrane.
o?. Length,about 12-14mm.; wing,15-16mm.; antenna,about 5-5.5 mm.
i'. Length,about 19-20mm.; wing,16-17mm.
Frontal prolongationof head brownishyellowapically,includingnasus,
darkeron sides,restrictedly
pruinoseat base; palpi black.Antennaewithscapeand pedicel light yellow; firstflagellarsegmentobscureyellow at base, theremainderof organ black; flagellarsegmentsof male long, stronglyincised,

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH

21

brown
Head gray,witha conspicuous
muchmoreso thanin albocaudata.
thesidesbehindeyesmorebrightened.
medianstripeon vertex,
yellow.Mesonotal
scutellum
withbrown;
gray,variegatedscutumPronotaldarkergraystripesthatare conspicugray,withthreesomewhat
praescutumalmostsolidlyof thisthesmalllateralstripes
bydarkbrown,
ouslybordered
gray;scutellum
withbrownish
color;scutumlightgray,the lobespattemed
lightgray,witha
portionlightbrown;postnotum
darkgray,the posteriorthespoton eitherside just beforemidlength,
blackishmoreor less distinct
brownishyellow,theyellow;pleurotergite
sidesof the scleriterestrictedly
on lowerhalf.Pleuralightgray,the dorsomorepruinose
katapIeurotergite
Haltereswiththe stemyellow,knob darklightbuffy.
pleuralmembranetheyellow,yellow;femora
Legswiththecoxaelightgray;trochantersbrown.
dark brown,palerbasally;tarsiblack;tips dark brown;tibiaeextensively
andgraytinge,the prearcularclawssmall,simple.Wingswitha brownish
brown
yellow;stigmaoval, brown;conspicuous
costalfieldsmorebrownish
seamsalong Cu and m-cu; weakbrowncloudsat originof Rs andareas
overanterior
cord; obliterative
more
veinsbrown,
indicated;scarcely~~brownish
:Xi
/: :.
yellow in the brightened
fields.Venation:Rs relatively
short,
longerto
two-thirds
aboutone-halfo w
gtthan m-cu;petioleof cell Ml subthanm
equal to or shorter

id
od-

5

edmundsi
Fig.5. Tipula(Yamatotipula)sp.n.,malehypopygium.
od,outerdististyle;id,inner(Symbols:
dististyle;f,tergite).

darkbrown
yellow,withtwobroadand conspicuous
Abdominaltergitesof the ground;outerthree
the medianarea extensively
stripes,longitudinal
withcerci
pale. Ovipositor
black,the outerdististyles
brownishsegments(Fig. 5) withthe ninth
Male hypopygium
straight.
slenderand virtualIy
U-shapednotch,
bya narrowseparated
9t,havingthelobeselongate,
tergite,blackas shown;eachlobewithabundantin casesthisdeeperthanin others,
obtuseat tip,od, nearlyparallel-sided,
enedpointsat apex.Outerdististyle,in casesevenwiderthanshown.Innerdististyle,smallerthanin albocaudata,
beakand lowerbeakheavilyblackened;
includingid, withtheapicalportion,
fromtheformer
separatedbeakstout,thelowerbeakmoreor lesspendant,
outermarginof crestbearinga slender
by a broadroundedemargination;
portionof crestor the outerbasal lobe notcurvedspinouslobe; posterior
notterand cognata.Gonapophyses
as in albocaudata
developed,
or scarcely

22

THE

AMERICAN

MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

in spatulate
minating
blades,theapicessubatrophied,tapering
intopalemembrane.
Holotype,8, LoganCanyon,May 22, 1938 (Hardy); Alexander
Collection.Allotopotype,
8 c3 d; paratype,?. Paratopotypes,?, SardineCanyon,& HarmsMay 27, 1938(Hardy); FountainGreen,May 10,1939(Knowltonton); Honeyville,
April29, 1939 (Knowlton& Bischoff);
Tremonton,April
29, 1939 (Knowlton& Bischoff).
I am verypleasedto namethisspeciesforMr. GeorgeF. Edmunds,Jr.,
to whomI am indebted
forvariousinteresting
Tipulidae.The mostsimilar
described
speciesare Tipula (Yamatotipula)albocaudataDoane, 1901,and
T. (Y.) colteriAlexander,
1943,differing
especiallyin thestructureof themalehypopygium,
particularlyof thedististyles.
The detailsof coloration
andthe structureof the antennaeare similarly
distinct.
Tipula (Yamatotipula)meridiana
Doane, 1912.-Beaver,altitude8,000
ft.,June26, 1942;ZionNationalPark,4,500ft.,June21-22, 1942.
Tipula (Yamatotipula)
sayiAlexander,
1911(costalisSay, 1823).- Provo (Hardy); SpanishFork,August1, 1938(Hardy).
Tipula(Yamatotipula)spernax
OstenSacken,1877.-Coal CreekCanyon,
altitude9,000ft.,June25, 1942;Johnson,
May 9, 1939 (K &? Harmston);
Kanab,May 9, 1939 (K & Stains); Kanosh,September
14, 1939 (K &Harmston);Riverdale,
July7, 1937 (Hardy).

Tipula(Yamatotipula)sulphurea
jacksonensis
Alexander,
1945.-Benson,
June17, 1938 (Hardy& Stains);
June23, 1945 (K & Nye); Brigham,
CacheJunction,
May27,1944(K); LakePoint,June
8, 1945(K); Lewiston,May 29, 1939(K & Bischoff);
Logan,
May7, 1941(Roberts),
May26, 1944
(K); LoganMeadows,
airport,June13,1944(K); Mona,June8, 1938(K& Harmston);
Richmond,
June
10,1944(K & Bischaoff);
Provo,
June
5, 1944(K & Wood);Richmond,June10,1944(K, Stoddard& Wood);Spanisl
Fork(Hardy),August20, 1943(K); Starr,
June29,1945(K); Trenton,& Wood).
10,1944(K, Stoddard
June
Tipula (Yamatotipula)vicinaDietz,1917.-American
ForkCanyon,
streammargin,June23,1943(K); American
Fork,July6, 1939(K); Benson,June
23,1945(K & Nye);Brigham,
May27,1938(Hardy);Central,June28, 1945(K); Farmington,
June19, 1937(Hardy);Hyrum,
June6,
1939(Hardy);Kaysville,
June2, 1945(K); Kimball's
Fort,SilverCreek,&
June29, 1943(K & Telford);
Laketown,
August21, 1942(K, Roberts
1943(K); Mona,June
Wood);Logan,June
13,1944(K & Wood),June,8,1938(K & Harmston);
Naples,June
28,1943(K); Paradise,
June14,1938(Hardy& Stains);Provo(Hardy,Tanner);Richfield,
June28, 1945(K);SaltLakeCity,
July
2, 1939(K); Spanish
Fork,
May29-30, 1936(Hardy).
closeto the
Tipula(Tipula)spenceriana
hardyi
Alexander,
1943.-Veryin slight
CoastStatesandProvinces),form(Pacifictypicaldetails
differing
ofstructure
ofthemalehypopygium.
about13-14 mm.;wing,15-16 mm,.;antenna,about
d6. Length,3.5-3.6 mm.
thecaudalmargin
witha deep
withthetergite
Malehypopygium
large,
of lobesnarrowly
blackened
andvery
andnarrow
V-shaped
notch;
margin1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH

23

insensiblyroughenedbut not toothed;a single denticleof moderatesize oneitherside at end of the blackenedpart; furculabetweenthemvariable,fromabout the lengthof a singlespine to twicethisdistance.Innerdististylewith
beak only slightlyproduced,providedwithsimple setigerouspuncturesonly.
Holotype, c, Eden, August 25, 1938 (G. F. Knowlton& D. Elmo
Hardy). Paratypes,d ?, Allen Canyon,August 12, 1943 (Knowlton& M/laddock); Clear Creek Canyon,September4, 1933 (Rowe); Huntsville,Ogden
Valley, August 21, 1942 (Knowlton,Roberts & Wood); Logan Canyon,
August 25-30, September4, 1938 (Knowlton& Nye); Mt. Nebo, August
14, 1943 (Knowlton & Maddock); Myton, September18, 1939, at light(Zirker); Naples, September4, 1938 (Knowlton & Harmston), Vernal,
September24, 1940 (Haws).
The subspeciesis namedin honorof Dr. D. Elmo Hardy, who has added
to our knowledgeof the Tipulidae of Utah. A briefdiagnosis,
mostmaterially
Alexander,of Tipula (Tipula) spenceriana
in conjunction
withthedescription
1943, had been given earlier (Can. Ent., 75: 142; 1943).
Tipula (Tipula) penduliferaAlexander,1919.-Laketown, August 21,
1942 (K).
Loew,
Tipula (Arctotipula)illustrisDoane, 1901 (Prionocerafuscipennis
1865).-Brigham, June10, 1939 (Hardy &' Stains), June24, 1944 (Wood),August 5, 1943 (K); Charleston,August 14, 1943 (K & Maddock); Collinston,April 26, 1939 (K & Biscbofg);Corinne,June19, 1944 (K, Stoddard&
Wood); GardenCity,August 21, 1942 (K, Roberts& Wood); Lakota, July
18, 1945 (K); Logan Canyon,Tony Grove Camp, July18, 1945 (K); Ogden,
June12, 1945 (Harmston), July10, 1937 (Hardy); Paradise,June14, 1938
(Hardy & Stains); Peterson,June14, 1939 (K); Uintah,June26, 1945 (K).
In an earlierpaper I had called attentionto the fact that the common
crane-flythat had been called Prionocerafuscipennis(Loew, 1865) is, inreality,not a memberof the genusPrionocerabut a Tipula thatmaybe referred to the subgenusArctotipula.The name is preoccupiedby Tipula fuscipennisCurtis,1834, and the latername illustrisDoane, 1901, must be used
forthe presentfly.
Tipula (Vestiplex) leucophaeaDoane, 1901.- Uinta Mts., Tryol Lake
(Feebser & Tanner).
Tipula (Oreomyza) clathrataDietz, 1914.- Beaver, August 12, 1943
(K); Provo, July30-August 1, 1912, August 14, 1913 (Spalding), types;
Zion National Park,June21-22, 1942, July1, 1942 (Degener & Peiler).
Tipula (Oreomyza) coloradensisDoane, 1911.-Brighton,July19, 1942
(S. & D. Mulaik); Garden City,June1,1939 (Harmston); Provo Canyon,
North Fork (Hardy); Whiterocks,July22, 1939 (K & Harmston); Wolf
Creek Canyon,July24, 1945 (K).
Tipula (Oreomyza) gaspensisAlexander,1929.-Beaver,8,000ft.,June27,
1942; Brigham,June 17, 1938 (Hardy & Stains); Logan Canyon,4,800 ft.,
June30, 1942.
Tipula (Oreomyza) ingrataDietz, 1914.-Logan Canyon,5,200 ft.,June30, 1942; August 12, 1939 (K & Stains).
Tipula (Oreomyza) paiuta sp. nov.-Belongs to the borealis (unca)
group; mesonotalpraescutumbrownishgray,withthreeveryslightlydarker

24

THE

AMERICAN

MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

blacklineson thecephalicgraystripes,
themedianone withfourbrownish
pruiwhitish
portion;lateralstripeswitha fl-shapedborder;pleurayellow,
stripefromthepropleura
backward;
nose,witha shortdarklongitudinal
apexyellow,theirtipsnarrowly
femoraand tibiaebrownishof halterewhitened;subhyaline
patterned
withwhitish
brown,
restrictedly
blackened;wingsgrayish
to theouterhalfof wing;colormorerestricted
and darker
brown,
theformer
withdarker
brown;
malehypopyyellow,
trivittate
abdominal
tergitesbrownishblackenedlateradintoa slenderon eithersideproduced
giumwiththetergite
shortandstout,onlyabouttwiceas longas wide,
rodor spine;outerdististyle
withthe beak long and slender;
the apexbroadlyrounded;innerdististylewithsome20-25conprovided
dorsafcrestproduced
onlyon outerportion,
processes;
pale,without
blackened
spicuoussetae;lateralappendageentirely
conof appendage
flattenedblade;remainder
upperprocessan elongate-oval
thansubquadrate
blade,theouteranglemoreproduced
sistingof a flattened
theinnerone.
about15 mm.;wing,15 mm.;antenna,
about5 mm.
c * Length,
darkerabove,espe.
Frontalprolongationof headobscureyellow,slightly
a littledarkened;nasus;sides of prolongation
ciallythe longconspicuous
paler.Antennae
brown,the outertwosegments
palpi withbasal segments
segments
relatively
long;scapeand pedicelyellow;basaltwoor threeflagellar
all outerblack,including
withbasesnarrowly
obscureyellow,theremainder
longsegments
gentlyincised,withsmallbasalswellings;
segments;
flagellar
estverticils
Head withthefrontyellow;
subequalin lengthto thesegments.
vertexwitha vaguedarker
centralstripe.
grayishyellow,
medially,palingto yellowon sides.MesonotalpraePronotum
infuscatedstripesdarkergray,withthreeveryslightly
scutumwiththegroundbrownish
withbrownish
black,themedianstripewithfoursuchlines,
thatarepatterned
theintermediate
theothersbeingnarrowand broader,dashesbeingshorterto thestripes;
lateralstripes
blackborders
withconspicuousf]-shapedblackenedborders;scutumwiththecentralareayellow,eachlobe withtwolightbuffy,
bybrown;scutellumgrayishborderedgraymarksthatareinterruptedly
witha capillary
yellowish
gray,theposmedianvitta;mediotergite
darkened
teriorspotson either
sideofmnidline.
andwithvaguepalebrownborderdarkersternowhitish
theventral
pruinose,
Pleuraand pleurotergite
yellow,
sparsely
fromthea littledarker;an abbreviateddarkbrownstripeextending
pleuritenot reachingthe pteropleurite.
Halteresonto the anepisternum,
propleurato black,its apex
withsteminfuscated,darkerbasally,theknobdeepening
theforepairnarrowly
whitishpruinose,
whitened.
Legswiththecoxaeyellow,
and tibiaeobscureat base;trochantersdarkeryellowor brownyellow;femora
tarsipassingintoblack;clawselongate,ishyellow,
thetipsnarrowly
blackened;
restrictedbrown,
toothed.
Wingswiththegroundgrayish
hairy,
conspicuously
and costaland darkerbrown;prearcularwithwhitish
subhyaline
ly patterned
yellowed;
stigmadarkerbrown;ayellow,cell Sc mnore
fieldsmorebrownish
morerestricted
to theouterofRs; thewhitepatternsmallbrownspotat origin
areasbeforeand beyondthe stigmaand
extensive
halfof wing,including
moreyellowedin thebrightened
fields.
pale;veinsbrown,
cord;cellR5 chiefly
Venation:Rs aboutone-halflongerthanm-cu.

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH

25

darkeryellow,witha moreor less distinct
brownishtergites
Abdominal
borders
ones,theposterior
brownmedianstripeand less evidentsublateralyellow,themoreuniformly
narrowly
pale yellow;sternitesof the segments
palemoreuniformly
segments
pale; subterminal
bordersnarrowly
posterior(Fig. 6) withthe
Male hypopygium
darkbrown.
chieflybutthehypopygium
surfacesidefromtheventral
on eitherposteriorly,
9t,narrowed
ninthtergite,
od,shortandbroad,onlyaboutrod.Outerdististyle,blackened
witha slenderid, withthe
twiceas longas wide,thetipbroadlyrounded.Innerdististyle,withseveralsetae;
lowerbeakobtuse,itslowerportion
beaklongandslender,
withabout20 25 conspicuous
onlyon outerportion,
dorsalcrestproduced
without
oneslongest;outerbasallobe conspicuous,setae,themoreposterior
pale yellow,withoutblackLateralappendageentirely
armature.
blackened
thein outline,
blade,elongate-oval
upperprocessa flattened
enedprocesses;
subof a flattenedof appendage
consistingremainderrounded;apexobtusely
intoan acutepoint,theinnerangle
quadrateblade,itsouterangleproduced
withseveralverylong
oppositethelateralappendage
moreobtuse.Basistylebentat base,as a flattened
blade,strongly
appearingsetae.Gonapophysis
widest about opposite midlength.
lateralbiemarginate;
Eighthsternite
and moreobtuse
lobesmuchshorter
setae
thanthebroadcentralportion;
E.
/ 9t >-odof mesalpart of laterallobes very
theirtips
denseand erect,straight,
setaeof lobesdense
acute;remaining
longerand moredelicate.
and chiefly

- id
-

6

9.
/

Fig. 6. Tipula(Oreomyza)paiutasp. n.,malehypopygium.
id, innerg, gonapophysis;(Symbols:
la,lateralappendage;
od,outerdististyle;f,tergite).
dististyle;

Holotype,c, Kanosh,MillardCo., June27, 1945(G. F. Knowlton).
similarspeciesis Tipula (Oreomyza)doanei
The only approximately
aboutof thedetailsof themalehypopygium
Dietz, 1914,whichhas certainof both
in thecolorationand in the structure
thesame.This latterdiffersThethe lateralappendage,
and in the gonapophyses.
including
dististyles,
thepresent
flyfrom
entirely
pale yellowlateralappendagereadilyseparates
membersof thegroup,all othershavingat leastsomeof
theotherregional
blackened.
theprocesses
heavily
Tipula (Oreomyza)rohweriDoane, 1911.-Fort Duchesne,July25,

26

THE

AMERICAN

MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

1945 (K); Logan, August 1, 1939 (K); Logan Canyon,5,200 ft.,June30,
Reservoir,July
1942; Oakley,August 15, 1943 (K & Maddock); Strawberry
25, 1945 (K); Wolf CreekCanyon,July24, 1945 (K).
Alexander, 1946.- Spanish Fork
Tipula (Oreomyza) yellowstonensis(Hardy); partof typematerial.
Tipula (Oreomyza) perexiguaAlexander,1924.-Logan Canyon,July16,
1945 (K).
Tipula (Lunatipula) accurata Alexander, 1927 (johannus Alexander,1945).-Mt. Nebo, August 14, 1943 (K & Maddock).
Tipula (Lunatipula) acuta Doane, 1901.-Rockville, May 5, 1943 (K);Zion National Park,May 5, 1943 (K) "presentby the thousandsone-fourthmile below Zion Lodge"-G. F. Knowlton.
Tipula (Lunatipula) barbataDoane, 1901.-Huntington Canyon, 6,000ft., September1, 1945 (Edmunds & Mulaik); Logan, September10, 1943(K), September23, 1943 (K & Maddock); Orangeville,near summitof
mountainsto the west, 10,000 ft.,September6, 1945 (K); Provo Canyon,
North Fork (Hardy); Spanish Fork, August 20, 1943 (Hardy & K); Mt.
Timpanogos,GlacierLake (Hardy).
Tipula (Lunatipula) bisetosa Doane, 1901.-Appledale, July 21, 1939
Canyon, July 11, 1942
(K); Charleston,August 14, 1943 (K); Butterfield(S. & D. Mulaik); Logan Canyon,July28, 1938 (Hardy & Stains), August
7, 1938 (Hardy); Magna, August 1, 1942 (K); Mantua, August 1, 1942
(K); Mt. Nebo, August 14, 1943 (K & Maddock); Oak Creek Canyon,July
10, 1942 (K); Mt. Timpanogos,Aspen Grove (Hardy).
are shownin Fig. 7. ParticularattenThe detailsof the male hypopygiump, especiallythe curvedtion is called to the structureof the phallosotr-e,
medianrod that is quite evidenteven in dried specimensand is diagnostic
forthe species.
Tipula (Lunatipula) flavocaudaDoane, 1912 (buenoi,Alexander,1946).St. George,April 23, 1942 (K), May 6, 1943 (K). Very similarto the typesof buenoi fromArizona and New Mexico but withthe tergalspines of thesmaller.
male hypopygium
Tipula (Lunatipula) diversaDietz, 1921.-Beaver Canyon,7,000 ft.,July
12, 1945 (K & Telford); Logan, campus,June6, 1944 (Stoddard); Logan
Canyon,August 8, 1945 (K); Salt Lake City,May 16, 1940 (Tom Smart);
Spanish Fork, May 19-June 10, 1946 (Hardy); Vineyard, June 1912
(Spalding), types;Zion National Park,4,500 ft.,June21-22, 1942.
Tipula (Lunatipula) dorsimaculaWalker, 1848 (angustipennisLoew,
1863).-Amalga, May 6, 1944 (Maddock), May 30 1944 (K & Stoddard);
Castle Valley,April 13, 1934 (Gaufin & Telford); Clarkston,April 27, 1938
(K & Hardy); Hooper, July7, 1937 (Hardy); Logan, March 21, 1942 (D.
Ashdown), April 18, 1931, April 20, 1934, April 26, 1936 (Harmston),
April 28, 1930,May 1, 1932 (J. H. Linford),May 1, 1937 (W. A. Frahm),
May 3-17, 1938 (W. A. Frahm) May 7, 1932, May 9, 1939 (Bischoif),
June1, 1931,June14, 1943 (Maddock); Ogden, April 24, 1943 (K & Maddock); Providence,April 26, 1934 (C. F. Smith), May 1, 1931 (R. J.Janes);

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH

27

Provo, (Hardy, Fechser,Tanner), April 1926 (C. Lynn Hayward); Provo
Canyon,North Fork (Hardy), B.Y.U. 30; Salt Lake City,May 19, 1929,onlawn (W. Ivie), May 31, 1920 (A. M. Woodbury); Spanish Fork (Hardy),
B.Y.U. 31; Taylorsville,April 2, 1918, April 20, 1940 (van den Akter).
As will be notedfromthe above,thisconspicuousflyis one of the earliestof the largerspecies of Tipula to appear and is oftencollectedby college
students.The heavy-bodiedfemale is rarelycapable of sustainedflightand
is morefrequently
foundcrawlingand fluttering
overthe ground.
Tipula (Lunatipula) lamellata
id
Doane, 1901 (rangiferinaAlexander,(<)/
1915).-Logan, August6, 1942 (K(gJuly16, 1945 (K); Loj<s&)Roberts),
gan Canyon, July14, 1938 (Hardy& Stains).
od7/1 11lElll
ll\

l

l

Fig. 7. Tipula (Lunalipula) biselosa
Doane, malehypopygium.
(Symbols:b, basistyle;id, innerdististyle;od, outerdististyle;p, phallosome;s, sternite;t, tergite).

Tipula (Lunatipula) lyriferaDietz, 1921. -Beaver Canyon, 7,200 ft.,
July 12, 1945 (K & Telford); Fillmore,among Junegrass,May 31, 1945
(K); Maple Canyon, June 12, 1943 (K & Telford); Mill Creek Canyon,
June24, 1938 (K & Hardy), Provo Canyon,North Fork (Hardy), B.Y.U.
32, 35; South Willow Canyon, July4, 1942 (Mulaik); Vineyard,June6,
1912 (Spalding), type.
Tipula (Lunatipula) macrolabismacrolaboidesAlexander, 1918.-Mt.
Timpanogos,July26, 1942 (K).
Tipula (Lunatipula) madina Dietz, 1921.-Provo, June 24, 1912
(Spalding), type.
Tipula (Lunatipula) mormon sp. nov.-Belongs to the unicincta
group,allied to bigeminata;generalcolorationof thoraxopaque yellow,thepraescutumwith threescarcelydifferentiatedyellowstripes;femorayellow,
the tips narrowlyinfuscated;wingswitha weak brownishtinge,the cells of
the basal halfpaler;a veryconspicuouswhitemarkacrossbase of cell 1st M2;
male hypopygium
relativelylarge;ninthtergitetransverse,
the caudal margin
witha small mediannotch,the broad laterallobes producedcaudad into a
narrowblackenedpoint;ventralsurfaceof tergiteon eitherside witha blackened spine that is directedmesad; innerdististylewithbeak slender,lower
beak stout, transversely
corrugated;dorsal crest low, glabrous;outer basal
lobe denselyclothed with long delicatesetae, the pale apical portionwith
fewercoarse setae; phallosomesymmetrical,
consistingof two powerfulreddened spines and two shortstraightblades; lateral lobes of eighthsternite
in a singleverypowerfulfasciculatebristle.
terminating

28

THE

AMERICAN

MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

5. Length,about 16 mm.; wing,16.5 mm.; antenna,about 4 inm.
Frontalprolongationof head yellow,slightlymore reddishyellowon theventralhalf; nasus small; palpi withbasal two segmentsobscureyellow,outer
segmentsdark brown.Antennaewith scape and pedicel clear lightyellow;
firstflagellarsegmenta triflemore darkened;remainingflagellarsegments
dark brown;flagellarsegmentswithbasal enlargements
relatively
large,longest
verticilssubequalin lengthto thesegments.Head lightgrayishyellow;vertical
tuberclelow and inconspicuous.
Pronotumyellow,witha moreobscureyellowpollen.Mesonotumopaque,yellowstripesthat
yellow,the praescutumwith threescarcelydifferentiatedare not pollinose;posteriorscleritesof the notum,especiallythe postnotum,with a more whitishyellow bloom. Pleura brownishyellow,with a more
whitishbloom; dorsopleuralregionlightyellow.Halteres yellow,the base ofknob infuscated.Legs with the coxae yellow,whitishpollinose; trochanters
yellow;femoraand tibiae yellow,the tips narrowlyinfuscated;tarsipassing
into dark brown;claws toothed.Wings witha weak brownishtinge,the cellsof the basal half paler; prearcularand costal regions,withvein Cu and its
vicinity,more brownishyellow;stigmapale brown;scarcelyevidentwhitish
areas beforeand beyondthe stigma;a veryconspicuouswhitemarkfromthe
outerend of cell R, acrosscell 1st M2 intothebase of M3; veinslightbrown.
Venation: Rs about one-thirdlongerthan m-cu; petiole of cell Ml and m
subequal.
includingAbdomenwithbasal segmentschieflyyellow,the outersegments,
more infuscated.Male hypopygium(Fig. 8) relativelylarge
hypopygium,the caudal marginwitha small
9t, transverse,and conspicuous.Ninth tergite,
and narrowmediannotch; laterallobes broad,each producedcaudad into aslenderblackenedspineor point;on dorsalsurfacewitha deep medianfurrow;on ventralface on eitherside witha blackenedspine that is directedtoward
the midline.Ninth sternite,
9s, withthe appendagenarrowedand obtuse at
tip,the apex and outermarginwithveryabundantretrorsereddenedbristles.
sinuousbut not produced.Outer
Basistylecomplete,the outermarginstrongly
dististyle,od, pale, about four times as long as wide; setae of basal half
restricted
to outer margin,pale in color; on apical third the setae longer,
conspicuous.Inner dististyle,id, with the beak slender,lower
dark-colored,
beak much stouter,its lower surfacecoarselycorrugated;dorsal crest low,
glabrous,the surfaceof stylealong base of crestwithlong yellowsetae thatare directedbackward,thesebecomingmore abundantbehind;posteriorcrest
small and pale, glabrous;outerbasal lobe relativelysmaIllbut veryconspicuous by the abundant long pale setae that are distributedin more or lessdistincttransverse
rows,producinga weaklybanded appearance;apex of lobe
furtherextendedinto a pale lobule with sparse coarsersetae; sensoryarea
consistingof
placed at base of the outerbasal lobe. Phallosomesymmetrical,
two powerfulreddenedspines that jut from the genitalchamber,and two
shorterstraightslenderblades. Eighthsternitewith the upper median plate
at posteriorborderof the followingsternitehaving its outer edge broadly
emarginate,the lateral lobes thus conspicuous;lateral lobes of sterniteter-

ALEXANDER:

1948

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH

29

medianpencilor matof bristles;
in a powerfulreddenedfasciculate
minating
setae.
withlongreddish
pad covered
witha semidetachedregionofsternite
Holotype,c, SpanishFork,June10, 1936(D. ElmoHardy);Alexander
Collection.
Alexander,
1946,and
withTipula (Lunatipula)inadusta
Whencomparedflyis
group,thepresent
yellowspeciesof theunicincta
similarothersomewhat
particularlyof the malehypopygium,by thestructure
readilydistinguishedninthtergite.
theverydifferent
Tipula (Lunatipula)pellucidaDoane, 1912 (claraDoane, 1901).-Benunknown);Eden,June2, 1938 (K & Stains);
son,June3, 1936 (collector
May 27, 1938(Hardy);
FarrWest,May 9, 1938(K & Hardy);Honeyville,
KanabCanyon,May 5, 1943
unknown);
Hooper,August8, 1937 (collector
May 8, 1938(Hardy),June(K); Logan,May 26, 1944(K); LoganCanyon,
Canyon,30, 1942;Logan Dry Canyon,May 9, 1938 (Stains); Providence
unknown);RaftRiverMts., 10,000ft.,June1936
June7, 1933 (collector
May 9 1938 (K & Hardy); Salt Lake,'May 21, 1928
(Tanner); Riverton,
G. C. Hyde); Salt Lake City,August21, 1928(Wood(A. M. Woodbury,bury);Salt Lake City,Dry Canyon,May 4, 1940 (K. Wilson); Sardine
lll
Canyon,May 31, 1938 (Hardy);
SlateCanyon,May 14, 1919(SpaldMay 11, 1938 (King); Smithfield,
> a

8

k

& Hardy); Spanish Fork, May 19,

1936 (Hardy).

mormonsp.
Fig.8. Tipula(Lunalipula)n.,malehypopygium.
dististyle;od,outer
id,inner(Symbols:s, sternite;t,tergite).
dististyle;recordsare
Doane, 1912.-The following
Tipula (Lunatipula)pyramis
madeby thelate Dr. WilliamG. Dietz. I am notbasedon determinationsof thespecies,basedon myownknowledge.
Eureka,certainof theidentity
Deer Creek,August;Stockton,
June;VineJune;Provo,June;ProvoCanyon,
bySpalding).
yard,July,
August(all collected
Tipula (Lunatipula)rabiosaAlexander,1943.-MonteCristo,July24,
nearhead,July23, 1942(K).
1943 (K); Parrish
Canyon,Alexander,1946, var.-Washington,
Tipula (Lunatipula)sanctae-ritae
May 18, 1944 (K); Zion NationalPark,4,500ft.,June21, 1942. Veryin slightdetailsof themalehyposimilarto thetype(Arizona)butdiffering
are much
Most of the specimensof theninthtergite.
particularly
pygium,largerthantheuniquetypespecimen.

30

THE

AMERICAN

MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

Tipula (Lunatipula) sinistraDietz, 1921.-Beaver, in the mountains,
July10, 1942 (K).

April28, 1935(B. E.
Dietz,1921.-Bluff,
Tipula (Lunatipula)spaldingi
unknown);&H. D. Rees); Eureka,June30, August1, 1911 (collector
Stockton,
June13, 1913 (Spaldunknown);
Provo,June24, 1912 (collectoring),types;Zion NationalPark(Rees).
Doane,The mostcloselvalliedspeciesis Tipula (Lunatipula)albocineta
omittedfromDietz'skeyto thespeciesof the1901,whichwasinadvertently
14: 3-4;1921). The malehypopyimpudica
group(Ann.Ent.Soc. America,
9t,
figured(Fig. 9). Ninthtergite,
hasnotbeenadequately
giumof spaldingi
process)elongate,compressedmedianlobe (subtergal
narrowlytransverse;
canthiunusuallyacute,
longand narrow,endingin palemembrane;
flattened,
as slightly
wider
appearing
themediannotchverynarrow;lateralprocesses
caudad.Basistyle
withitslowermarchiefly
bladesthataredirected
flattened
cultrate
blade,thepointacute.Outerdististyle,intoa flattened
ginproduced
id,withbroaderacrossthebase.Innerdististyle,narrow,a trifleod,unusuallycrestsmall,pale; outerbasal
posterior
the beakbroadlyobtuse,blackened;g, conlobe moreor less oval in outline,the apex obtuse.Gonapophyses,
butof different
somewhatas in albocincta,
shape,each.
developed,
spicuously
thelateralspinevery
theaxialspinelongand powerful,bifid,
veryunequallywith
8s, withthecaudalmargintruncate,small,bothacute.Eighthsternite,a median brush of long delicate
setae,witha smallergroupof 7 or 8
bristleson eitherside,with.
strongerfurthersetae
alongthemargin
strongt j(<themajorgroups.
between
9t
1- Q
id

9

*:.\

Fig. 9. Tipula (Lunatipula)spaldingi
Dietz,malehypopygium.
id, inner(Symbols:g, gonapophysis;
1,tergite).
dististyle;s, sternite;

Doane, 1901.-BlacksmithForkCanyon,,
Tipula (Lunatipula)splendens
June17, 1938(Hardy& Stains);Castilla,
June12, 1938(Hardy); Brigham,
July8, 1945 (Edmunds& Mulaik); DevilsSlide,June26, 1945 (K); FishLake,June,1930 (Rowe); Holden,July21, 1943(K); Logan,July13, 1943
June30, 1945(K); Mill
August8, 1945(K); Marriott,(K); LoganCanyon,
CreekCanyon,June24, 1938 (K & Hardy); MonteCristo,July18, 1939
(K); Salt Lake City,CityCreekCanyon,June30, 1945(K); Mt. Timpano-gos,July26, 1942 (K).
group,
Tipula (Lunatipula) tannerisp. nov.-Belongsto theunicincta
withfourgray,thepraescutumcolorationof thorax
generalalliedto inadusta;
morereddishbrownstripes;
darkbrownmedianvitta;
headwitha capillary
femorablack;wingswitha brownish
brownishthetipsnarrowly
yellow,tinge,
obliterative
areaatpatterned
withbrownand witha conspicuous
restrictedly

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH

31

cord;malehypopygium
withthetergallobeselongate,nearlyparallel,theirtips oblique;appendageof ninthsternite
cylindrical,
witha singlepair ofstrongreddishsetaeat apex;phallosome
symmetrical,
witha singlepair ofin a single
strongreddishspines;laterallobe of eighthsternite
terminating
untisuallyfasciculate
bristle.
about16-18mm.;wing,17-19mm.;antenna,d. Length,
about4.9-5mm.
i. Leigth,about18 mm.;wing,19 mm.
Frontalprolongationof head yellow,slightly
pruinoseabove,especiallybasally,sides of prolongation
nasus short;basal threesegments
infuscated;of palpi brownish
yellow,the terminal
one passingintodarkbrown. Antennaewithscapeandpedicelyellow,
basalflagellar
segments
bicolored,brown
on the smallbasal swelling,
theremainder
yellow;on aboutthesixthsegmentthebicolorednatureis lost and the coloris uniformly
darkbrown;
Iongestverticils
exceedingthe segments.Head above lightgray,witha
capillarydarkbrownmedianvitta,withlessdistinct
darkareason eitherside.
Pronotumgray. Mesonotalpraescutum
graywithfourmrore
reddishbrownstripes,
the intermediatepair narrower
and moreor less interrupted
at nearmidiength;of notumlightgray,the scutallobes
posteriorsclerites
patterned
withreddishbrown. Pleura lightgray,vaguelypatterned
withslightly
darkergray;dorsopleural
membranelightyellow.Halteresbrownish
thestemrestrictedly
yellow,yellowat base,theknobdarkbrown.Leg'swith
the coxaelightgray;trochanters
yellow;femorayellow,the tips narrowly
but conspicuously
brownishblack; tibiaeyellow,the tips morenarrowly
blackened;tarsiobscurebrownish
yellow,passingintoblack;claws (male)
toothed.Wingswitha brownish
tinge,theprearcularand costalfieldsmore
darkspotsat arculus,
yellowed;
stigmasmall,darkerbrown;poorlyindicatedof veinCu; obliterativearea
end of Sc, alongcordand on adjoining
portionat cordconspicuous,
fromcostaalmostacrossthewingalongvein
extending
and whitened
overcell 1st M2; twosmallwhitish
areas
M4, moreexpanded
in outerendof cell1st A, including
oneat endofvein1st A; no poststigmal
brightening;veinspale brown,moreyellowedin the brightened
portions.
Venation:Es a littlelessthantwicem-cu;petioleof cellMl subequalto or
shorterthanm.
Basal abdominaltergites
yellow;on posterior
ringof tergitetwo andmore
succeeding
segments
withan obliquesublateralarea,thesebecoming
extensiveand conspicuous
on outersegments;
lateralborders
broadlyyellow,
thecaudalmargins
morenarrowly
so; sternites
chieflyyellow,
theoutersegments,including
hypopygium,
darkreddish
brown.Male hypopygium(Fig.
10) withthelobesof thetergite,
9t, elongate
and nearlyparallel,aboutas
in bigeminata,
the tips obliquelytruncatedand moreor less thickened;awithsetae. Appendageof ninth
broaddorsalfurrowthat is not fringed
intoa cylindricallobethatis provided
sternite,
9s, narrowed
withabundant
strongreddishsetaethatare concentrated
on abouttheouterthird,at Lhe
tip groupedintoa pencil;fewerand longernormalsetaealongthemarginof theappendage.Outerdististyle,od, dilatedat apex. Innerdististyle,id,thelowerbeakstouterdorsalwiththebeakslender,and heavilyblackened;
theirmargins
crestslargeand conspicuous,serand posterior
microscopically

32

THE

AMERICAN

NATURALISTMIDLAND

39 (1)

large,bearinga smallglabrouslobuleon
rulate;outerbasal lobe relativelyof twoconsistingp, symmetrical,
marginnearbase. Phallosome,posterior
to theacutetips;
narrowed
graduallyspines,nearlystraight,
reddishpowerful
8s,withthelaterallobeshortpairof blades. Eighthsternite,
an innershorterand fasciflattenedbristlethatis unusuallyand stout,witha verypowerful
downthe face,mesaIborderof
culate;threeor fourothersmallerbristles
at nearbentand recurvedof setaethatare strongly
lobewithdensebrushes
fronda lowmedianlobethatbearsabouta dozenverymodified
midlength;
at theirouterends (one shownenlarged);and fimbriate
likesetae,flattenedprothatis densely
bilobedcushionand feebly
lyingmorebasad,a transverse
setaethatsplitat theirtipsintofinefilaments.
videdwithlongreddish
Holotype,(3, Zion NationalPark,4,500ft.,June21, 1942(C. P. Alexi, Gothic,Colorado,9,500ft.,July4, 1934 (C. P. Alexander). Allotype,
4 6' 6', withthe
2 8f d?, withhe types;paratypes,
ander).Paratopotypes,
ft.,July4-9, 1934 (C. P. Alexander);1 c, Kebler
allotype,
9,500-10,000
Co., Colorado,10,150ft.,July15, 1934 (C. P. Alexander).
Pass,Gunnison
hadearlier(Amer.Midi.Nat.,29: 153-154;1943)
The Coloradomaterial
1915,buta disAlexander,
as Tipula (Lunatipula)bigeminata
beenrecorded
kindlymadeof thelatter,of theholotype
sectionof themalehypopygium
havingspecies,a verydifferent
byDr. Alan Stone,showsthatit is,in reality,of characteristic
shape.
witha medianelement
asymmetrical,
the phallosome
VascoM. Tanner,of Brigham
thisflyforProfessor
in naming
I takepleasure
Young University.The speciesis closestto Tipula (Lunatipula)inadusta
1946,and T. (L.) ruidoso
Alexander,oe \Alexander,
1946,amongthosespeciesl\symmetricalthathavethephallosome
or withoutan unpairedmedianelement.From theseand othersit is
X
o/ (
>
q
(9t
by thedetailsof strucdistinguishedid-/dturesof themalehypopygium.

7 )tannerisp.
Fig.10. Tipula(Lunatipula)n.,,male hypopygium.

9s'

Xrt

PGAx
10

%

e

dististyle;od,outer(Symbols:
id,innerp, phallosome;s, sternite;
dististyle;~~~~~~~8s

Tipula (Lunatipula) utahicola sp. nov.- Belongsto the impudica
gray,thepraesgroup;size small (wing,male,13 mm.); generalcoloration
darkbrownstripes;antennaewithscapeand
cutumwithfourconspicuous
black;femoraobscureyellow,the tips brownish
pedicelyellow,flagellum
withbrownish
grayand brown,
patterned
subhyaline,
black;wingswhitish
as palerstreaks
in cellsR2 and R3, appearing
mostintenseand conspicuous
withthreenarrowobscureyellow,
tergitesin othercells,as 1stA; abdominal
dewiththemedianlobeof tergite
malehypopygium
brokenbrownstripes;
withtheouterbasallobeof mnoderatecanthiobtuse;innerdististylepressed,1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH

33

abroadat apex,withnumerous
size only;eighthsternite
setae,including
acrossthemidline.
one on eitherside,decussatestrongmodified
about1.4 mm.
d. Length,about12 mm.;wing,13 mm.;antenna,basal segpruinose;
nasuselongate;of head brown,
Frontalprolongation
withscapeand pedicel
theouteronesblack.Antennae
yellow,mentsobscureincised;moderately
black,the segments
yellow,tihelatterpaler;flagellumgray,a littleshorterthanthe segments.Head brownish
longestverticils
vertexmore
medianline,thesidesof the posterior
witha delicateblackish
brightened.
lightyellow,stronglv
withbrown;scutellum
Pronotumgray,patternedgray,with fournarrowbut
medially.Mesonotalpraescutum
emarginate
theinterbroadspacebetween
therelatively
darkbrownstripes,
conspicuous
fromsmallabundant,
relatively
mediatepairdarkergray;setaeof interspaces
gray,each lobe withtwo brownareas;
scutumbrownish
blackpunctures;moreor lessdarkpruinose,sparselyof notumpale brown,sclerites
posterioryellow.
membranedorsopleuralpruinose;
Pleurapale brown,
ened medially.
yellow;
Legs withthecoxaelightgray,palingto yellowapically;trochantersbrownishl
I)ut conspicuously
femoraobscureyellow,thetipsrathernarrowly
yellow,thetipsvery
black,theamountsubequalon all legs;tibiaebrownish
obscureyellowon proximal
thebasitarsi
tarsiblackened,rarrowly
infuscated;withpatterned
subhyaline,
clawssimple. Wings (Fig. 11) whitish
portions;
mostintensein cellsR2 and R3; the paler
grayand brown,
pale brownish
cord,in outermedialcells,outerendof cellM,
washesoccurovertheanterior
centralstreak
thevein,and as a conspicuous
outerend of cell Ciuadjoining
small,darker
relatively
in cell1stA; stigma
brown;thewhitegroundincludes
area at andobliterative
virtually
the basal thirdof wing,the conspicuous
mostof cellR5 to thebrightening,
poststigmal
beforecord,a morerestricted
fieldand wingbase
prearcularand less evidentareaselsewhere;
wing-tip,veinsdarkbrown,muchpalerin the brightened
moreyellowed;
restrictedly
fields.Venation:Cell 1st M2 variablein shapeandcostaland prearcularsize in thetwowingsof the uniquetype,in beingsubequalto or shorter
thanthepetioleof cell Ml.
obscureyellow,the firstmorepruinosebasally;segAbdominaltergites
so on the proximal
withbrown,moreevidently
trivittate
mentsnarrowly
and outersegthestripesnarrowand brokenon theintermediatesegments,
the medianvitta;lateraltergalbordersmore grayish
ments,particularly
theouteronespassingintoyellow;
moreinfuscated,basalsternites
pruinose;darkened;rechiefly
sternite,
includingthe eiglhthsegments,
subterminal(Fig. 11) withlargelyyellow. Male hypopygiumof hypopygium
mainder
process)broadly
9t, havingthe medianlobe (subtergal
the ninthtergite,
on ventral
itstip obtusely
rounded;canthiobtuseto subangulate;depressed,rod,flattenedof eachlobethelateralprocessjutscaudadas a narrowsurfaceb, broad,its upperouterangleproducedintoa
its tip obtuse. Basistyle,od, small,subtriangular,
shortbut evidentspinouspoint. Outerdististyle,setae. Innerdististyle,clothedwithlong conspicuous
outwardly,
narrowed
more
and stouter,subapicalbeakshorter
id, withthebeakobtuse,blackened;
on itsmoreconspicuous
at apex;crestlow but becoming
nearlytruncated

34

THE

AMERICAN'~~~~~

MIDLAND

39 (1)

NATURALIST

9s~~~~~9Fig. 11. Tipula (Lunalipula) titahicolasp. n., male hypopygium
and venation.
(Symbols: id, innerdististyle;od, outerdististyle;s, sternite;t, tergite).

posterior
portion;sensory
areaconsistingof abouta dozenpores;outerbasal
lobeshorter
thanthemainbodyof style;flattened,
twisted,on basalportion
nearthesensory
areawithunusuallyabundant
and conspicuouis
setae,thesemoresparseoutwardly.
becoming
Ninthsternite
witnthe appendagelow,
conspicuously
setiferous;
its mostventral
portionslightly
moreproduced
andwitha compact
groupingof shortstoutsetae.Eighthsternite
relatively
short,
its apex verybroad,witha conspicuous
cushionor fringeof setae,thismicroscopicallybrokenor interrupted
at themidline;
a single,unusuallylongbristleat extreme
flattenedouterlateralangle;sublateral
setaelongerandmoredensethantheinnerones,all evidently
crinkly.
from
Holotype,c, WhiteValley,MillardCo., May 1, 1940; received
Miss JaneC. Dirks;Collector's
No. 53.
The nearest
relativeof thepresent
flyappearsto be Tipula (Lunatipula)
mitrataDietz,1921,of New Mexico,whichis similarlya smallflywiththe
the tergite,of tlhemalehypopygium
detailsof structure
different,
invoiving
innerdististyleand eighthsternite.
Tipula (Lunatipula) woodi sp. nov.-Belongsto theimpudica
group;
sizemedium(wing,male,about17 mm.); mesonotum
gray,thepraescutum

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH

35

bordered
onenarrowly
thebroadcentralbrown
stripes,
withthreemorereddish
portion;femoraand tibiaeyellow,unwithdarkerbrownon its anterior
andcostalfieldsconspicuously
yellow,
theprearcularwingsbrownish
darkened;and inconspicuous;
malehypoareasveryrestricted
lightyellow;obliterative
canthiobtuse,
flattened,
compressedpygiumwiththemedianlobeof tergite
innersclerotized;
and heavily
verybroad,theapextruncatedlateralprocesses
as long
abouttwo-thirds
withtheouterbasallobelongand narrow,
dististylethetipobtuse.
as thestyleitself,
about4.5 mm.
6 . Length,about18 mm.;wing17.5 mm.;antenna,lacking,yellow;nasusvirtuallyof head uniformly
Frontalprolongationof palpi obscureyellow,thebasal twosegments
reducedto a low tubercle;
remainingyellow,
withbasalthreesegments
Antennae
darkbrown.
remainder
darker;slightlybasal swellings
darkbrown,thesmallbutdistinct
segments
morepruinose
Head lightbrown,
thanthesegments.
shorterverticils
longesttubrownmedianvitta;verticaltheorbitslightgray;a capillaryanteriorly,
berclelow,entire.
withpale brown.Mesonotal
obscureyellow,vaguelypatterned
Pronotum
themedianonemorebrownstripes,
graywiththreemorereddish
praescutumon thebrown,
borderedbydarkeron aboutitscephalichalfnarrowly
distinct,veryindistinct;
withyellow;lateralstripes
marginedbordersimilarly
posteriorwithreddishof notumlightgray,thescutallobesvariegatedsclerites
posteriorand medioterlineof thesamecoloron thescutellum
brown;a vaguecentral
the ventralsternopleurite
pruinose,
gite.Pleurapale yellow,verysparsely
pale yellow.Halteresyellow,themembranedarker;dorsopleuralslightly
theanpruinose,sparsely
Legswiththecoxaeyellow,
knobsweaklydarkened.
setae;femoraand tibiaeyellow;tarsipassing
teriorfaceswithconspicuous
brownishyellowtinge,
Wingswitha strong
intoblack;claws(male) toothed.
yellow;stigmaverypalebrown;
and costalfieldsmoresaturated
thepreaculararea beforecordveryreobliterative
scarcely
strictedand inconspicuous,
the cell M3; no darkseam
entering
morebrownon Cu; veinspalebrown,
fields.
ish yellowin the brightened
longer9t
Venation:Rs aboutone-third
thanm-cu;R.+2 preserved;
misinuous,
longerthanpetioleof cellM1.

12Fig. 12. Tipula (Lunatipula)

id

J
*

I4J.: odXmoodi sp.

n., male hypopygium.
(Symbols: id, innerdististyle; od, outer\dististyle; t, tergite).

blackstripes;
withthreebrokenbrownish
Abdomenyellow,the tergites(Fig. 12) havingtheninthteryellow.Male hypopygium
chiefly
hypopygium
canthiprocess)compressed-flattened;
gite,9t,withthemedianlobe (subtergal

36

THE

AMERICAN

MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

lateralprocessverybroad,crenulate;microscopicallyobtuse,theirmargins
Outerdistoothed.
microscopicallysclerotized,
and heavily
theapextruncatedto the obtusetip.
thencenarrowed
od, broadestat nearmidlength,
tistyle,crestunid, withbothbeakand lowerbeakobtuse;posterior
Innerdististyle,asabouttwo-thirds
usuallysmall,pale; outerbasal lobe longand narrow,comprisedareacompact,
longas themainbodyof style,apexobtuse;sensoryasspinousarmature,
without
conspicuousof morethan15 pores.Phallosome
sparseand others.Eighthstemitewitha relatively
spaldirigi
in albocincta,
medianlobe,thisof longsetae;at basewitha verysmallfleshy
medianfringe
pale,theapexobtuse.
lessthantwiceas longas wideacrossbase,entirely
Holotype,c6, SpanishFork,altitude4,550ft.,June10, 1936 (D. Flmo
Knowlton.
through
Collection,
Hardy); Alexander
aid0dwho has
The presentflyis namedfor Mr. StephenL. Wood,
TipulidaefromUtah.
in thecaptureof manyinteresting
Knowlton
Professor
alliedtoTipula(Lunatipula)impudiCa
Doane,1901,
Thespeciesismostnearly
broad
The unusually
distinct.
Dietz,1921,yetis entirely
and T. (L.) spernala
areof thehypopygiumof theninthtergite
lateralprocesses
and sclerotizednoteworthy.
LIMONIINAE
LIMONIINI(Say, 1823). MonteCristo,toward
Limonia(Metalimnobia)cinctipes
AllenCamp,7,000ft.,August21, 1942(K & Maddock).
Fork,jacksoni(Alexander,
Limonia(Limonia)indigena
1917).--Spanish
June8-14,1936(Hardy).
Limonia(Limonia) sciophila(Osten Sacken,1877).- Allen Canyon,
June17,
July24, 1943(K &?Maddock);LoganCanyon,
belowMonteCristo,
1938(Hardy).
concinna(Williston,1893).- Hooper,July
Limonia(Limonia)simulans
unknown);
8, 1937(K); LittleSalt Lake,July19, 1919 (collector
27-AugustLogan,July17, 1938(D. E. & A. T Hardy);LoganCamp,July21, 1937,
October3, 1937 (Hardy); LoganCanyon,October14, 1945 (K), October
26, 1945 (Ted &eMaryTibbetts);Provo,August1, 1937 (Hansen); River
Heights,May 2, 1944(Wood); SouthWillowCanyon,July4, 1942 (MuGlacierLake (Hardy).
laik); Mt. Timpanogos,
Limonia (Limonia) venusta(Bergroth,1888) (negligensAlexander
City,July24, 1943,seepagealongshoreof BearLake (K &f
1927).--Garden
Maddock);IndianCanyon,April23, 1943 (K &? Wood); Logan,April13,
1938 (Hardy),April20, 1938 (K & Hardy),April26, 1943 (K), June9,
1943 (Maddock),August20, 1942 (K), August21, 1939 (K), August25,
13-23,1943
6, 1938,at light(K. 6 Nye), September
1943(K), September
20, 1943 (K);(K), October5, 1943 (K); North Logan, September
Logan Canyon,July4, October14, 1945 (K); Salt Lake City,Septem12, 1943 (K); TroutCreek,
ber21, 1939 (R?ees);SpanishFork,September
June29, 1943(K).
Wanship,
july27, 1933(Stafford);(1927: 25) givea briefaccountof theearly
Needhamand Christenson
July18,1926). The larvaeoccurredstagesas foundinLoganRiver(emerged

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH

37

silkenpuof mixedmossesandalgaeat thewaterline,spinningir theshelterin thesamespots.
pal shelters(Osten Sacken,1869).-A common
Limonia(Dicranomyia)brevivena
thatOcCur
forms
beingoneof themostcharacteristic
species,andverydistinct
Fork,on grass,June15, 1937 (Hansen);
Americainin themorearidregions.
July2,
Lake,June6, 1936(Hardy); CacheJunction,
BeaverCanyon,Puffers
July9, 1943
1913(H. R. Hagan); Callao,August8, 1945 (K); Circleville,
Creek,June28, 1943(K & Telford);(K); Cove,July20, 1939(K); Currant
DanielsPass,July25, 1945 (K); Eden,July16, 1937 (K); Eden,July16,
1937 (Hardy); Fish Springs,August8, 1945 (K); Gandy,August8,
1945 (K); GreenRiver,June14, 1945 (K); Hooper,May 25, 1939 (K),
June4, 1938(K & Stains);Junc3-21,1937(Hardy);Huntsville,
September
10, 1943 (K & Telford);Lehi,
July
Koosharem,
(K);
1945
28,
tion,June
October9, 1937 (Hardy);
29, 1943 (K & Maddock);Liberty,
September
Logan,May 8, 1938(Hardy),
6, 1939(K e Harmston);
September
Linwood,30, 1938(K e Nye); Logan
July21, 1938,at light(K & Hardy);September
October26, 1945(Ted &CMaryTibbetts);Manila,August14, 1942
Canyon,August14, 1943(K & Maddock);Moab,June13, 1945(K);(K); Midway,
24, 1945(K);August12,1943(K & Maddock);Morgan,July
MonteCristo,
August8, 1942
NorthOgdenCanyon,October9, 1937 (Hardy); Parowan,(K); Payson,August26, 1941 (K), August26, 1943 (K); PleasantGrove.
on milkJuly26, 1937(Hansen);Provo,June8, 1939(K &CNye); Riverton,
City,
Lake
Salt
1945
(K);
16,
June
Roy,
(Hansen);1937
18,
weed,June
August1, 1939 (Rees); SpanishFork,June8, 1936 (Hardy); Starr,June
July25, 1945 (K); Mt. Timpanogos.
Reservoir,
29, 1945 (K); Strawberry
July26, 1945 (K); Zion NationalPark,4,500ft.,June21, 1942;Weeping
Rock,July9, 1943(K &CTelford),July19, 1943(K).
Limonia(Dicranomyia)distans(Osten Sacken,1859).-Kanab, May 5,
June27, 1945 (K).
1943 (K); Leeds,June27, 1945 (K); Washington,
Limonia(Dicranomyia)gracilis (Doane, 1900) (halterellaEdwards,
1921).-Allen Canyon,August12, 1943 (K &CMaddock);FerronCanyon,
Canyon,1, 1945(Edmunds&CMulaik);Huntington
WillowLake,September
Sala1, 1945 (EdmundsC Mulaik);Mt. Timpanogos,
8)000ft.,September
manderLake,August26, 1943 (K C Maddock).
1838,
of gracilis
Zetterstedt,
homonym
The namegracilisis a secondary
to usethelaternamehalterella.
andit maybe advisable
June(OstenSacken,1869).-Benjamin,
haeretica
Limonia(Dicranomnyia)
21, 1945 (K).
(OstenSacken,1869).-Henefer,Tune
halterata
Limonia(Dicranomyia)
29, 1943 (K C Telford);Kimball'sFort,SilverCreek,June29, 1943 (K C
Telford);SevierRiver,nearHatch,June27, 1942.
(Osten Sacken,1859).-Hooper,
Limonia(Dicranomyia)hubnidicola
October
14, 1945 (K); Mill Creek
July7, 1937 (Hardy); LoganCanyon,
underrocksnearbridge.
Canyon,June24, 1938 (K C Hardy); Rockville,
21, 1939 (Rees), Spanish
June28, 1945 (K): Salt Lake City,September
Fork,June14, 1936(Hardy); ZionNationalPark,WeepingRock,4,500ft.,
June22, 1942;July9, 1943 (K &CTelford).

38

THE

AMERICAN

MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

Limonia (Dicranomyia) longipennis(Schummel,1829) (immemorOsten
May 25, 1944 (K); Charleston,August 14,
Sacken, 1861).-Cache Junction,
1943 (K & Maddock); Eden, June21, 1937 (Hardy); Fish Haven, July25,
1938 (D. E. & A. T. Hardy); Fish Lake, July 10, 1943 (K & Telford);
Garden City,August 25, 1938 (K & Hardy); Heber, August 14, 1943 (K& Maddock); Hooper, September17, 1937 (Hardy); Logan Meadows, June
13, 1944, October 15-17, 1943 (K); Wellsville,October 10, 1943 (K).
Limonia (Dicranomyia) modesta (Wiedemann, 1818) (spinicauda Alexander,1924).-Hoytsville, October 10, 1943 (K). The firstauthenticrecordof this speciesfromthe United States.
Lzmonia (Dicranomyia) penicillata(Alexander, 1927).-Benjamin, June
May 27, 1944 (K); Corinne,June21, 1945 (K & Telford); Cache Junction,
19, 1944 (K, Wood & Stoddard); Redmond,May 4, 1943 (K); Salina,
May 4, 1943 (K).
Limonia (Dicranomyia) sera erostrata(Alexander,1930) .-Blue Creek,
May 31, 1939 (K); Saltair, Great Salt Lake, May 21 1926 (M. C. Van
Duzee); types.This flyappears to be at most a race of the PalaearcticL.
(D.) sera (Walker, 1848) (Syn. disjunctaWalker, 1848; discorsKuntze,
1919; forcipulade Meijere, 1919; globataWalker, 1848). Edwardsindicatesthat in Europe the species frequentscoastal marshes,indicatinga saline or
perhapsbrackishhabitat.
Limonia (Dicranomyia) uinta sp. nov.-Allied to athabascae andyellow;praescusphagnicola;size large (wing,male,7 mm. or more); rostrum
tum withthreeconspicuousstripes,the broad medianvittanarrowlydivided
with thebehind,lateral stripesdistinct;haltereselongate;male hypopygium
caudal marginof tergiteconvexlyrounded,witha narrowmediannotch,thelobe of basistyleof long setae; ventromesal
apical lobes witha concentrationand setalbrushes,includinga blackenedlobe
withveryconspicuousoutgrowths
that is produced outwardlyinto a slender finger;rostralprolongationof
ventral dististylelong and slender,arcuated,the two subappressedspines
beyondmidlength;gonapophysiswithmesal-apicallobe unusuallysmall andweak, the marginsentirelysmooth.
&. Length,about 6.8-7 mm.; wing,7-7.5 mm.
Rostrumyellow; palpi black, the basal segmentyellow.Antennae black
to subflagellarsegmentsoval, the outerones moreelongate-oval
throughout;longer than the penultimate.
cylindrical;terminalsegmentabout one-fourth
Head above brownishgray,more ochreousbehindand beneath;anteriorvertex relativelywide.
Pronotumdark brownmedially,obscureyellowon sides. Mesonotalpraeswitha conspicuousbrownmedianstripethatis
cutumin frontgolden-yellow,
divided into two points at the posteriorend; lateral stripesnarrowerandsomewhatpaler, crossingthe sutureonto the scutal lobes; median regionof
scutumand the posteriorscleritesof the notummoretestaceousyellow.Pleura
somewhatmore darkened.Halteres
reddishyellow,the ventralsternopleurite
elongate,brownishblack,the extremebase of stemyellow.Legs withthe fore
obscureyellow;recoxae weaklydarkened,remainingcoxae and trochanters

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEA39

OF UTAH

darker.
theoutertarsalsegments
brownto brown,of legsyellowish
mainder
inrelatively
darkened,stigmafaintly
subhyaline;
Wings (Fig. 13) grayish
fieldpaler.Venation:Scl ending
thoseofprearcularveinsbrown,
conspicuous;
oppositeoriginof Rs, Sc2 somedistancefromits tip,Scl alonemorethan
Rs,in casesfullyas longas distalsectionof veinM3; m-cuvariable
one-half
subequalin
fromcloseto forkof M to somedistancebeyond,in position,sinuous.
of Cul; vein2ndA gently
lengthto or longerthanthedistalsection
obscureyellow;hypopygium
dark brown,sternites
Abdominaltergites
thecaudal
9t,large,
Male hypopygium(Fig. 17) withthetergite,
dark-colored.
lobesnearlycontiguous,
proand weaklynotched,marginconvex,narrowly
nearthe midlineto
longsetaethatare concentrated
videdwithnumerous

.)

13

1

<

t

15

19

Figs. 13-19. 13. Limonia(Dicranomgia)uinta-X////,<

sp. n., venaticn; 14. Limonia (GeranomVia)

\j
Sc .;

hRx *

r^a

il
/ llil

\

9t

17 x

.

y

sp. n., venation; 15. Limonia
parapentheres
zionanasp. n., venation; 16.
(Geranom_ia)
Orimarga(Orimarga) zionensissp. n., venation; 17. Limonia (Dicranomgia) uintasp.
n., male hypopygium;18. Limonia(Geransp. n., male hypopygiomvia) parapentheresum; 19. Limonia (Geranomyia)zionana sp3.
n., male hypopygium.
(Symbols:a, aedeagus; b, basistyle;g, gonapophysis; 1, tergite;vd, ventraldististyle).

40

THE

AMERICAN

MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

lobelargeand comb, withtheventromesal
Basistyle,formstrongbrushes.
aboutas figured;
thearmature
plex,theareasubequalto thatofthestyleitself,
lobe thatis producedintoa long slender
is a blackened
mostconspicuous
onlygentlycurved,thetip acute.Ventral
Dorsaldististyle
lobuleor finger.
rostralprolongation
vd, withthe mainbodysmall,dark-colored;
dististyle,
midplacedbeyond
spinestwo,subappressed,
arcuated;
gentlylongandslender,
lobeunusuallyg, withmesal-apical
Gonapophysis,of theprolongation.
lengthsmooth.
entirelysmalland weak,themargins
2 6' 6',
Paratypes
Holotype,6, Logan,June13,1944(G. F. Knowlton).
WeberRiver,June29, 1943 (G. F. Knowlton).
athabascae(AlexAlthoughit is alliedto bothLimoni'a(Dicranoomyia)
fly(Alexander,1925), thepresent
ander,1927) and L. (D.) sphagnicolaof
in detailsof structure
and,especially,in thecolorationis amplydistinct
in the strucit differs
Fromthe regionalathabascae
themale hypopygium.
beingmorein thelastrespect
andgonapophyses,
basistyles
tureof thetergite,
NorthAmerica.
of northeastern
likesphagnicola,
June
Limonia(Geranomyia)canadensis(Westwood,1835). Blanding,
10, 1939 (K); Blue Creek,August26, 1944 (K); Delta, August25, 1943
21, 1937(K); GardenCity,August12, 1943 (K); Hooper,September
beneathrocksnear bridge,June28,(Hardy); Provo (Hardy); Rockville,
1945 (K); Salt Lake City,August8, 1936 (Rees); Zion NationalPark,
Pointtrail,6,000ft.,July3, 1942 (Degener& Peiler);see also
Observationand L. (G.) zionana,below.
L. (G.) parapentheres
diversa(OstenSacken,1859).-Beaver,7,000ft.,
Limonia(Geranomyia)
June27, 1942;Zion NationalPark,WeepingRock,May 5, 1945(K).
Linionia (Geranomyia) parapentheressp. nov.-Alliedto pentheres-;thelengtlh
short.aboutone-halfsizesnall (wing,male,6.3 mm.); rostrutm
wingssubhyaline,
infuscated;thetipsnarrowly
yellow,
obscureofwing;femoraofmidlength
Sc endingaboutopposite
conspicuous;
theoval stigmabrown,notched,onlyslightlyof tergite
withthecaudalmargin
Rs; malehypopygium
low,each providedwithabout 15 setae;ventral
the lobes correspondingly
rostralspinestwo,long
havingabouttwicetheareaof thebasistyle;dististylelobe
mesal-apicalof a slendertubercle;
arisingfromthesummit
and curved,
pale.
longand slender,of gonapophvsis
about5.5 mm.;wing,6.3 mm.;rostrum,
rostrum,
C6-Lenoth,excluding
about3-3.1mm.
darkbrownthroughout;
Antennae
long,darkbroxxn.
Rostrum
relatively
in length
decreasingc
small,verygraduallysubcylindrical,
segments
flagellar
verticils
tbanthepenlultimate;shortera triflesegment
theterminal
outwardlyV,
regionoccipital
gray,th-e
Head abovedarkbrownish
thanthesegments.
shortervertexnarrow.
anterior
brighter;slightlybrown.Mesonotal
lightyellowish
Cervicalregiondarkbrown.Pronotuminbrown,more darkenedmedially,especiallylightyellowish
praescutum
medianregion
darkenied;scutallobessimilarly
lateralstripes;
butwithout
front,
gray,withtwo small
brownisIhbrown;scutellumof scutumlightyellowish
moreor lessdarkened
reddishbrown,
postnotum
darkspotson basalportion;

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH

41

uniformly
reddishyellow,witlha sparse
mediallv.Pleuraand pleurotergite
whitishbloom,especiallyon posteriorsclerites.
Halkereswithstemobscureyellow,knobdarkbrown.Legs withcoxae and trochanters
yellow;femora
obscureyellow,tlhetips narrowly
on ailinfuscated,tiheamountsubequial
legs;tibiaeanidtarsibrown,
theoutertarsalsegmenits
black.Wings(Fig. 14)
subhyaline,the oval stigmabrown,conspicuous;veins brown.Venation: ScL
endingaboutoppositemidlengthof Rs, Sc2 near its tip; supernumnerarycrossvein about the lengthof Rs beforethe originof tlhelatter;cell 1st ]V2 subequal in lengthto outersectionof vein M1+2, rnl-CuIclose to forkof ,AI;cell2nidA relativelynarrow,vein 2nidA divergingonly sliglhtly
from1st A.

Abdomen brown,the bases or incisuresof the segmentssomewhatpaler;hypopygium
withthe ventraldististyledark-colored.
Male hypopygium(Fig.
18) withthe tergite,
9t, transverse,
the caudal marginwitha broad V-slhaped
notch,the lobes low and relativelyinconspicuous,
each providedwith about
15 setae. Basistyle,b, small, the ventromesallobe with!ona pale setae andwitha verysmall laterallobule. Dorsal dististylea slender,stronglycurved
rod,onlya littlelongerthanthe rostralspines,theapex narrowly
obtuse.Ventral dististyle,vd, havingabout twicethe area of the basistyle,with sparse
scatteredsetae; rostralprolongation
short,the two long curvedspines arisingfroma commontuberclethat is placed a shortdistanceback fromthe apexof the prolongation.Gonapophysis,g, with mesal-apicallobe pale, long andsetulose.
veryslender.Aedeagus, a, microscopically
Holotype, d, Springdale,June 28, 1945 (G. F. Kntowltoni).
Paratypes,
ep, Weeping Rock, September7, 1945 (G. F. Knowlton); d d, Zion National Park, ObservationPoint trail,6,000 ft.,July3, 1942, "suckingnectar
fromCompositeflowers",(Otto Degener), associatedwith cantadensisandzionana.

This speciesand the followingare readilyseparatedfromone anotherby
the size, relativelengthof the rostra,and especiallythe structureof thethe ninthtergiteand the relativesize of themale hypopygium,
particularly
ventraldististyle.
Limonia (Geranomnyia) zionlana sp. nov. Allied to pentheres;size
thetwo-thirds
large (wings,8 mm. or over); rostrumelongate,approximately
lengthof wing; wings whitishsubhyalineor glassy, the oval stigma pale
the lengthof Rs; male hypopybrown;Sc1 endingabout oppositetwo-thirds
giumwiththe caudal marginof tergitedeeplynotched,the laterallobes conspicuous,providedwithabundantlong blacksetae; ventraldististylelargeandtwo and one-halfto threetimesthatof thefleshy,its totalarea approximately
basistyle;rostralspineslongand slender,curved,both-arisingfromthe summitof a singleslendertubercle.
about6.5-7mm.;wing,8-8.5mm.; rostrum,c<a.Length,excludingrostrum,
about 5-6 mm.
about8-8.5mm.;wing,8-8.5 mm.;rostrum,?. Length,excludingrostrum,
about 5.5-6 mm.
Rostrumverylong,exceedinghalf the lengthof wing,lightbrownbasally,
Antennae with scape light brown,
becoming darker on outer two-thirds.

42

THE

AMERICAN

MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

subovalto nearlysegments
flagellum
brownishblack;flagellar
pedicelreddish,cylindrical;verticilsshort and inconspicuous.Head ochreouson frontand

graypruinose.
portionof vertex
behind,theintermediateand scutumalmost
brown.Mesonotalpraescutum
Pronotumtestaceousonevident
thatis especially
yellow,
witha graypruinosity
uniformly
brownishthemedianregion
pruinose,scutallobessimilarly
thesidesof thepraescutum;
reddishbrown,
postnotumof scutumand the scutellum
moretestaceous;
Halteresshort,stem
reddishbrown.
Pleuraand postnotum
sparselypruinose.
reddishLegs withcoxae and trochanters
yellow,knob weaklyinfuscated.
tibiaeand basiinfuscated;brown;femoraobscureyellow,thetipsnarrowly
darkened;outertarsalsegments
tarsibrownish
yellow,the tips narrowly
or glassy,
theovalstigma
subhyaline
brcwnishblack.Wings(Fig. 15) whitish
yellow.Venation:Sc long,Sct
polebrown;veinsobscureyellowor brownish
the lengthof Rs, Sc2 nearto two-thirds
endingnearlyoppositethree-fifths
its tip; cell 1st M2 subequalto or longerthanthe distalsectionof M1l+; m-cu
a shortdistancebeforethe forkof M; vein 2nd A gentlysinuous,the cell
widerthan in parapentheres.

Abdomenobscureyellowto lightbrown,the sternitescleareryellow;hypopygiumweaklybrownishyellow.Male hypopygium(Fig. 19) withthe tergal lobes,9t, verylong and conspicuous,separatedby a deep quadrateemargination,the lobes and sides of the notchwithabundantblack setae. Dorsal
a stronglycurvedrod, its tip,subacute.Ventraldististyle,
vd, much
dististyle
two and one-halfto three
being approximately
largerthan in parapentheres,timesthe size of the basistyle;regionof base of rostrumdilated and moreof lobe; rostralspineselongate,strongly
thanthe remainder
heavilysclerotized
curvedbeyondbases, arisingfromthe summitof a singlelong slenderbasal
tubercle.Gonapophysis,g, with mesal-apicallobe very slender, elongate.
setulose.
Aedeagus microscopically
Holotype, d, Zion National Park, Weeping Rock, 4,500 ft.,June 21,
1942 (M. M. Alexander). Allotype,9 . Paratopotypes,2 9 9; paratypes,
6 d y , ObservationPoint trail,6,000 ft.,July3, 1942, "suckingnectarfrom
Compositeflowers",(Otto Degener), associatedwith canadensisand parapentheres.
The present fly, togetherwith Limonia (Geranomyia) parapentheres
quite distinctfromthe othermembersof
sp. nov., have the male hypopygium
the subgenusin the Nearcticfauna,thoughmuch as in variousotherspecies
that centerabout L. (G.) pentheresAlexander,1928, rangingfromcentral
Mexico to Peru. These two fliesare quite distinctfromthese variousNeotropicalformsand from one another,as discussedunnder the preceding
species.

Limonia (Alexandriaria)sufgusca(Garrett,1922).-A female,Circleville.
the specimento this species with someJune28, 1945 (K). I am referringquestion.Garrett(1922) describedthreesupposednew speciesthatevidently
a singleform,suffusCa beingthe oldestname and, at the same time,
represent
typeof the subgenus AlexandriariaGarrett.Throughthe appreciatedinterestof Mr. Garrett,I have been able to purchasethe typematerialof his species

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH

43

it wouldseemthatL. (A.) whartoni
evidencein theTipulidae.Frompresent
is not excludedthatthe
and the possibility(Needham,1908) is distinct
femalemaybelongto thisspecies.
present
Alexander,
1917.-AvonCanyon,August
Antocha(Antocha)monticola
ForkCanyon,June12, 1938(K d? Hardy); Brig24, 1942(K); Blacksmith
Eden,June8, 1938,in meadow( K & Hardy),
hamCanyon(no collector);
21, 1937 (Hardy); Huntington
July10, 1937 (Hardy); Hooper,SeptemberJune
1, 1945(Edmunds& Mulaik);Kaysville,
Canyon,6,000ft.,September
2, 1945 (K); Logan,June9, 1943 (Maddock),July8, 1938 (Hardy),July
26, 1938,at light(K & Hardy),August4, 1942 (K & Roberts),July28September(K), August19, 1942 (K & Roberts),
August3, 1943,abundant
13,1943(K); LoganCanyon,June30, 1942,July4, 1945(K), July23, 30,
4, October10, 1943 (K); Ogden
August8, 1945 (K); Mantua,September
Park,August4, 31, 1939
July3, 1937 (Hardy); Salt Lake City,Fairmont
in LoganCanyon,as discharacteristic
and eminently(Rees). Verycommon(1927: 24-25),whogivea briefaccountcussedbyNeedhamand Christensonof the larva
stages,withfiguresof the habitatand habitsof the immatureand pupa.
1912.-ProvoCanyon,NorthFork(HarAlexander,
astigmatica
Elliptera
Aspen Grove(Hardy), GlacierLake (Hardy).
dy); Mt. Timpanogos,
1919.-BeaverCanyon,7,200ft.,
Alexander,
qua'drivittata
Dicranoptycha
July12, 1945(K & Telford);MonteCristo,July24, 1943(K & Maddock).
gray,
Orimarga (Orimarga) zionensis sp. nov. Generalcoloration
femoragraystripes;
moreplumbeous
withfourinconspicuous
thepraescutum
black;wingswitha strong
brownishobscureyellow,the tipsconspicuously
on outermacrotrichia
thepreacularfieldmorewhitened;
blackishsuffusion,
radialand medialveins;R1+2 aboutone-halflongerthanR2+3; cell M3 small;beforetheforkof M.
fromtwoto threetimesitsownlength
rn-cu
c3 Length,about5.5-6mm.;wing,5-6mm.
? Length,about5.5-6mm.;wing,5-5.5mm.
segments
flagellar
and palpiblack.Antennaeblackthroughout;Rostrum
oval.Head darkgray.
gray,withfourdarkerplumbeous
Pronotumgray.Mesonotalpraescutum
interas wideas either
thepalemedianvittaonlyaboutone-third
graystripes,
of notumgray,thescutallobeswithmoresclerites
mediatestripe;posterior
withmorebrownish
grayareas.Pleuralightgray,vaguelystriped
plumbeousa moredorsallinefromtheforecoxaeto the rootof theareas,including
Haltereswithstem
morebroadlyinfuscated.
ventralsternopleurite
halteres;theforebrown,
black.Legs withthe coxaeyellowish
knobbrownish
yellow,brownishthetipsconspicuously
femoraobscureyellow,
darker;pairsomewhat
thelightbrown,
black,theamountsubequalon all legs;tibiaeand basitarsi
Wings
moreblackened.
darker;outertwotarsalsegments
tipsverynarrowly
fieldmorewhitened;preacular(Fig. 16) witha strongblackishsuffusion;veinsbrown.Macrotrichiaon veinsR1+2, R3, distalsectionof R L5, outerhalf

of distalsectionM1+2,M3 and M4. Venation:Sc] endingaboutopposite
preserved:of Rs, SC2nearitstip;freetipof Sc2 weakly
thelength
two-fifths

44

THE

AMERICAN

MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

R1?2 elongate,about one-halflongerthan R2+?; innerend of cel R3slightlyarcuated;cellR5 narrowed
towarditsouterend;cell M., aboutoneh-alfits petiole; in-cuvariablein positior., fromabout two to threetimesits
own lengthbeforethe forkof M; vein 2nd A unusuallyarcuated,the cell
verywide. Several of the type series show abnormalities
in venation,morenotablythe presenceof adventitiouscrossveinsin cells R2>, R3 and R5,,
especiallythe last whereas manyas threesuch veinletsmay occurin a single
wing;otherabnormalities
includeangulationand spurringof the basal sectionof R4+5 and an occasionalangulationand spurringof the base of Rs. Abdomen
black,the subterminal
sternites
somewhatbrightened.

Holotype, 6', Weeping Rock, Zion National Park, 4,500 ft., June 21,
1942 (M. M. Alexantder).Allotopotype,?, pinnedwithtype.Paratopotypes,
several 6'?, June21-23, 1942 (C. P. & M. M. Alexander).
The nearestrelativeis Orimarga(Orimarga) sanctae-ritae
Alexander,1946,of southeastern
Arizona,whichdiffers
conspicuously
in all detailsof venation,
includingthe unusuallydistalpositionof m-cu.The specieswas abundantat
theWeepingRock,usuallyfoundrestingon grassblades.An unusualnumber
werefoundcaughtin spiderwebs,one still withits cast pupal case attached.
A few mating pairs were observed.When at rest, the species holds its
wings incumbentover the back and thus presentsan unusuallyslenderappearance.
PEDICIINI

Pedicia (Tricyphona) exoloma (Doane, 1900).-Beaver, 8,000 ft., June
21-22, 1942.
Pedicia (Tricyphona) septentrionzalis(Bergroth,1888), var.-Allen Canyon,July24, 1943 (K 6 Maddock); BeaverCanyon,7,200 ft.,July12, 1945
(K & Telford); Devils Slide, August 14, 1943 (K & Maddock); Eden, June
23, 1938 (Hardy & Stains); Heber,August 14, 1943 (K & Maddock); Henefer,August30, 1943 (K); Logan Canyon,June30, 1942 (M. A. Alexander)Res
July8, 1938 (Hardy); Orem, July26, 1945 (Harnaston); Strawberry
ervoir,July25, 1945 (K); Weber River,June29, 1943 (K); Wellsville,October 17, 1945 (George & Mary Knowlton).The exactidentityof this species
remainsin doubt, due primarilyto the fact that the types of Bergroth's
speciesare in Finland and unavailable.It now appears that Bergroth'sname
pertainsto a single variablespeciesor group of allied forms,to whichmay
be added Pedicia (Tricyphona) vitripennis(Doane, 1901), P. (T.) cervina(Alexander,1917) and P. (T.) sparsipuncta(Alexander,1920).
Dicranota (Plectromnyia)
petiolata (Alexander, 1919) (nernopteraAlexander, 1927; stenopteraAlexander,1927).-Ephraim Canyon,near summit,
September6, 1945 (K); Huntsville,August 21, 1942 (K, Roberts6 VVood),
Kents Lake, July12-13,1945 (K); Monte Cristo Canyon,August 25, 1938
(K & Hardy); Strawberry
Reservoir,July25, 1945 (K); Mt. Timpanogos,
July26, 1942 and 1945 (K), Glacier Lake (Hardy), TimponeekeRanger
Station,August 26, 1943 (K & Maddock); Wolf Creek Pass, near summit,
july 24, 1945 (K).

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH45

A mostpuzzlingseriesof theseflieswas takenby Knowlton,showingall
venation.The structureof thestages in wing reduction,with corresponding
is veryconstant,however,and it now seems evidentthat
male hypopygium
was
as givenabove is correct.This conditionof wing atrophly
the synonymy
found in both sexes, reachingits culminationin a long straplikestructure,
distorted.The type of nenoptera waswith the venation correspondingly
takenat Peterson'sSpring,Logan Canyon, 7,500 ft.,July20, 1926, by Dr.
J. G. Needham, and originallywas placed in the genus Limnophila.The
these varioussupposed species.
presentseriesserveswell to interconnect
Dicranota (Dicranota) montana (Alexander, 1920).-Logan, April 17,1938 (K & Hardy).
Dicranota (Dicranota) stainsi sp. nov.--Size large (wing, female,over9 mm.); generalcolorationgray,the praescutumwithfourbrownstripes;
the outerbasal flagellarsegmentsveryshort-oval,antennaeblack throughout,ones a littlelonger;wingshyaline,stigmamediumbrown;Rs veryshort,angubeyondmidlength;basal sectionof R4+5 longerthan
lated and long-spurred
longerthanits
basal sectionof R5; cell 1stMg closed;cell Ml aboutone-third
petiole;m-cuat forkof M; Anal cells verybroad; abdomengray,the tergites
witha broad brightbrowncentralstripe.
?. Length,about 7 mm.; wing9.1 mm.
Rostrumdark gray; palpi brownishblack. Antennae black throughout;basal flagellarsegmentsveryshortoval, the outerones a littlelonger;terminal
broken.Head gray,thecenterof vertexinfuscated.
segmentor segmnents
Gray,withmedially.Mesonotalpraescutum
Pronotumgray,moreinfuscatedpair separatedonly by a capillary
fourbrownstripes,the broad intermediate
brownishgraymedian vitta; lateralstripesmuch narrower;posteriorscJerites
of notumgray,each scutal lobe withtwo grayishbrownareas. Pleura clear
gray.Haltereswithstemobscureyellow,clearerbasally,knobweaklyinfuscated.
brownishgray; remainderof legs lightLegs with coxae gray; trochantersbrown,the tipsof femoraand tibiaenarrowlymoreinfuscated;terminaltarsal
moresegmentsblackened.Wings (Fig. 20) hyaline,the base restrictedly
yellowed;stigmamediumbrown,in cell RI confinedby the two transverse
the lengthveins;veinsbrown.Venation: Sc1 endingabout oppositeone-fifthbetweenarculusand originof Rs; Rsof stigma,Sc2 just beyondmid-distancewitha long conspicuousspur at theveryshort,angulatedbeyondmidlength,
point of angulation,juttingback into cell R; basal sectionof R4+5 longer
longerthan its petiole;than the basal sectionof R5; cell M1 about one-thirdcell 1st Mg closed, long and narrow;rn-cuat forkof M; Anal cells verybroad.
Abdomen gray,the tergiteswith a broad and conspicuousbrightbrownby the narrowyellowposteriorbordersof thecentralstripethatis interrupted
more proximalsegments.
Holotype,$, GardenCity,June6, 1938 (Knowlton& Harrnston);Alexander Collection.
flyis namedin honorof Mr. G. S. Stains,who collected
This interesting

46

20

THE

AMERICAN\<

NATURALISTMIDLAND

39 (1)

numerousTipulidaein conjunction
The flyis
Knowlton.
withProfessor
fromall otherregionalso different
seems
speciesthatlittlecomparison
necessary.The verydistinctven2.theshortantionaldetails,especiallygulatedand spurredRs, closedcell
1st M2 and positionof m-cuat theforkof M, all markthe speciesas
being isolated.

Figs. 20-23. 20. Dicranota(Dicranota)
stainsisp. n., venation;21. Oxgdis-

sp. n.,cus (OxNdiscus)
maddockizionensis
22. PhNllolabis
venation;: (V- -

23(

~S

sp. n., venation; 23. Phyllolabis
zioniensissp. n., malehypopygium.
(Symbols:b, basistyle;d, dististyle;g,

gonapophysis;s, sternite).

9s1916).-BrighamCanyon,
cayuga(Alexander,
Dicranota(Rhaphidolabis)(Hardy).
1938
17,
July
Canyon,
Logan
(K);
1943
October10,
1944.-Allen Canyon,
Alexander,
cazieriana(Rhaphidolabis)
Dicranota
August12, 1942 (K); SardineCanyon,May 21, 1938 (Hardy). Hitherto
onlyfromCalifornia.
1943.-LoganCanyon,
Alexander,
integriloba(Rhaphidolabis)
Dicranotat
SpringHollow,July5, 1943 (K & Maddock).
(Alexander,1912).---Mantua,
Dicranota(Rhaphidolabis)neomexicana
4-13,1943 (K); Salt Lake City,CityCreekCanyon,June30,
September1945(K).
MouthCan1944.--RockyquerulaAlexander,
Dicranota(Rhaphidolabis)yon,October1, 1945 (Edmunds).
HEXATOMINI

dull
Oxydiscus (Oxydiscus) maddockisp. nov.-Generalcoloration
macrodarker;
still
sparseoval
thestigmabrownishatinge,
withblack;wings
R2+3;
times
three
nearlyR2+3+4in outerendsofcellsR2toM4,inclusive;
trichiafromm-cu
widenedoutwardly,
small,
cell
1st
M2
but
cellM1 present small;itsownlengthbeyondtheforkof M.
to two-thirds
one-half?. Length,about5 mm.;wing,4.8 mm.
withscapeandpedicelblack;flagellum
andpalpiblack.Antennae
Rostrum
Head dullblack.
broken.
Halteresbrownish
withpraescutal
stripes.
Thoraxdull blackthroughout,brownishtrochanters
and
coxae
the
with
stem
pale.Legs
black,thebase of

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH

47

tinge,of legs broken.Wings (Fig. 21) witha brownish
black;remainder
in outerendsof cellsR2 tO
theovalstigmastilldarker.Sparsemacrotrichia
Venation:Sc1
bystippling).
in figureindicated(theirposition
A4, inclusive
fromits tip,Sc aloneabout
forkof Rs, SC2 somedistanceendingopposite
equal to the arcuatedr-m;R2+3+4 nearlythreetimesR2+3,the lattersubbutsmall;cell 1stAl2 small,short-rectangular,
equalto R2; cellMl present
its lengthbeyondthe
to two-thirds
m-cuaboutone-nalf
widenedoutwardly;
forkof M.
withboth
black.Ovipositor
Abdomenblack,the genitalshieldbrownish
horncolor.
yellowish
longand slender,
cerciand hypovalvae
Holotype,X, Zion NationalPark,WeepingRock,4,500 ft.,July19,
1 c, June
Paratype,Collection.
1943 (Knowlton&?Maddock);Alexander
too lateforfuller
received
29, 1940 (A. L. Melander);MelanderCollection;in theabovedescription.
discussion
is namedin honorof Mr. DarrellR.
(Oxydiscus)maddocki
Oxydiscus
Knowltonin makingthe
withProfessor
who has collaborated
MAaddock,fromallof TipulidaeofUtah.This speciesis quitedistinct
collection
presentof theblack colorationof the otherAmericanspeciesin the uniformlyof thewings.All otherNearcticspeciesare brownbodyand thecolorationof thegenusare now
to yellowin color,withclearwings.Variousmembers
NorthAmericaand in Centralandknownbothin easternand in western
as farsouthas Ecuador.
SouthAmerica,
1944.-Logan,June9, 1943
Alexander,(Oxydiscus)pacificus
Oxydiscus
seemsto be certain.
(Maddock).A singlefemalebuttheidentityof thoraxbrownish
Phyllolabiszionensissp. nov.-Generalcoloration
medianbrown
witna moreor lessdistinct
yellowto yellow,thepraescutum
yellow;antennaewiththe scape yellow,
stripe;rostrumand mouthparts
yellow;wingsfaintly
brown;femoraobscureyellowto brownish
flagellum
witlh
tingedwithyellow,stigmaoval, verypale brown;male hypopygium
thecaudalmarginwitha
broad,parallel-sided,
thesternalplatemoderately
withthe outerapical angle producedinto
deep V-shapednotch;basistyleon outertwo-thirds;
and setiferous
narrowed
stronglya simplelobe;dististyleas sinuousrodsthat
appearingstrongand powerful,
unusually
gonapophyses
smooth,the margins
withcercislender,
to theacutetips;ovipositor
narrow
ci Length,about7 mm.;wing,6.8 mm.
?. Length,
about7 mm.;wing,7 mm.
yellow,lightyellow;palpiwithbasal segment
Rostrum
and mouthparts
passinginto brown.Antennaewithscape yellow;pedicel
outersegments
brown,the segments
flagellum
outwardly;
yellowbasally,moreinfuscatedwide,morethanthreevertexmoderately
Head gray;anterior
subcylindrical.
of scape.
timesthediameteryelbrownish
obscurebrownish
yellow.Mesonotalpraescutum
Pronotumin themedianbrownstripe,clearlydefined
low witha moreor less distinct
of notummore
sclerites
posteriorscutallobesweaklydarkened;holotype;
membrane,the dorsopleuraltestaceous
yellow.Pleura,including
uniformly
moredarkened.
Halteresyellow,
veryvaguely
theventral
sclerites
pale yellow,

48

THE

AMERICAN

MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

yellow;
Legs withthe coxaeand trochanters
the knobsweaklyinfuscated.
todeepeningyellow,thetibiaegraduallyfemoraobscureyellowto brownish
andtinge,theprearcular
Wings(Fig. 22) witha veryfaintyellowish
brown.
mnore
costalfieldscleareryellow;stigmaoval,verypale brown;veinsbrown,of veinslong and conportions.Macrotrichia
in the brightened
yellowed
beyondtheforkof Rs, Sc.,
Venation:Se. endinga shortdistancespicuous.
as longas vein
thisfork;R2+3-4 subequalto or longerthanRs, abotut
beforetheforkofM3+4.
at or justbeforeR.; m-cit
in male,baseofnintl
yellowin female;inmale,brownish
brown
Abdomenthemargins
withcercilongand slender,
Ovipositor
moredarkened.
segmentforgeneralized
strUcture(Fig. 23) of unusuallysmooth.Male hypopygiumof ninthsternite,
9s. a flattened-depressedof thisgenus.Appendage
a memberdiverwitha deepV-shapednotch,theslightly
pale plate,itscaudalmargindenselyclothedwithverydelicatepalerounded,gentapicallobesobtuselyb, witnlongersetae.Basistyle,setae;surfaceof platewitha fewscattered
longerthanthedistiintoa lobethatis slightly
outerapicalangleproduced
longlobeof basistyleventraland glabrous;
style,at theobtuseapexflatteneda distinct
longsetae.What appearsto represent
pale,wvithand pendulous,
intoa slenderarm,
bladlethatnarrows
is a smallflattened
upperdististyletheend, verysimple,
dilated;thelargerdististyle,thetipobtuseand weakly
expandedinto a pale entiredorsalcrest,the beaklargedbasal two-thirds
fromitstipobtuse;beakdelimited
pun-ctures,setigerous
stout,withnumerous
line.Gonapophyses,
transverseor corrugatedmainbodyofstylebya wrinkled
as aeach appearing
darkreddishbrown,strongand powerful,g, unusually
to tneacutetip.
verygraduallysinuousrodthatnarrows
Holotype,ci, Zion NationalPark, I,500ft.,May 18, 1944 (G. F.
June21, 1942(C. P. Alexander).
Allotype,
Knowlton).
?, The Narrows,
Neis readilytoldfromtheotherrathernumerous
Phyllolabis
zionensisof themale hypopygium.
structure
primitive
arcticspeciesby theunusuallyof
P. flavidaAlexander,
resembles
theflysuperficially
In its pale coloration,
known,
AmongthoseNearcticspeciesat present
California.
southern
extremeand isolated-P.encaustaOstenSacken,
are themostdistinct
thefollowing
1931;P. myrio1918;P. lagganensis
Alexander,
1877;P. flavidaAlexander,
fly.
1945,and thepresent
stictaAlexander,
1943.- LoganDry Canyon,June24,
Alexander,
knowltoni
Dactylolabis
MirrorLake,UintaMountains(Hardy);
1938 (K & Nye), typematerial;
MonteCristo,July21, 1942 (K).
simLimnophila(Elaeophila) aldrichicollata subsp.nov.--Generally
RockyMountains,
1927,of the northern
ilar to typicalaidrichiAlexander,of the maleand structure
in relatively
slightdetailsof colorationdiffering
hypopygium.
ci' Length,about7.5-8mm.;wing,8-8.5mm.
about8.5-9mm.;wing,9-9.5mm.
?. Length,
pattern
darkbrown
witha conspicuous
paleyellow,
Wingswiththegroundof the veins,theseareasusuallymorere
to the vicinity
thatis restricted
withthe outer
Male hypopygium
thanin aidrichi.
and concentrated
stricted

1948

ALEXANDER:'IiPULOIDEAOF UTAH

49

dististvlemuchthe same in bothraces,includingthe dorsal crest.Inner distiespeciallyat apex,the actual tip bearinga single
narrowed,styleconspicuously
seta, the otherbeing removedfromthis tip; in typicalaldrichi,the apex isbroadlyobtuse,therebeingfouror fivesetae on tlhisbluntlyroundedportion.
Some of the paratypesare smaller (d. Wing, 7 mm.; Y. Wing, 6.5 mm.)but evidentlypertainto this same subspecies.The race alticristaAlexander,
1943, is less closelyrelatedto eitherof the above.
Holotype, 5, Beaver,8,000 ft.,June26, 1942 (C. P. Alexander). Allotopotype, Y. Paratopotypes, 3 d5,June 25-26, 1942; paratypes, 1 d,

Mt.

Timpanogos,GlacierLake (Hardy); 1 ?, Mt. Timpanogos,environsof Aspen
Grove (Hardy).
Limnophila (Elaeophila) aleator Alexander, 1945.-Glendale, May 5,1943 (K); partof typematerial.
Limnophila(Elaeophila) angustiorAlexander,1919.-Brigham, June 17,1938 (Hardy &? Stains); CurrantCreek,7,200 ft.,amongwillowand nettle,
June28, 1945 (K); Fairview,July7, 1945 (Edmunds & Mutlaik);Glendale,
June28, 1945 (K); Logan Canyon,June30, 1942, July29, 1945 (K), July
30, 1945 (K).
One of the Glendale femalesis of unusual interestin that the supernumerarycrossveinin cell M is lackingin both wings.In all otherrespectsthe
as certain.
flyis quite like typicalmaterialand I regardthe identification
Limnophila (Prionolabis) rufibasisOsten Sacken, 1859.--Spanish Fork,
withoutdate (D. Elmo Hardy). There is no doubt of the identityof thisdata, the presentrecord
material.If thereis no mistakein the distributional
greatlyextendsthe knownrange of the species.
Lirnnophila(Phylidorea) auripennisAlexander,1926. Fort Duchesne,
July25, 1945 (K).
Limnophila(Phylidorea) bigladiaAlexander,1945.-Logan Canyon,5,200
ft.,June30, 1942.
Limnophila(Phylidorea)claggiAlexander,1930.-BrighamCity,May 25,
1945 (Harmston); Logan Canyon,SpringHollow, July5, 1943 (K); Maple
Pass, June 5, 1939 (K & Harmston); Salt Lake City, May 29, 1945
(Harmnston).

Alexander,1943.--LoganCanyon,China
Limnophila(Phylidorea)nycteris
Row Camp, June30, 1942.
Limnophila(Phylidorea)tepidaAlexander,1926.-Amalga, May 30, 1940
(K); Daniels Pass, July25, 1945 (K); Garden City,August 11, 1942 (K):
April
August 24, 1941 (Mulaik), August 25, 1938 (K & Hardy); ILewiston,27, 1938 (Hardy); Logan Canyon,June18, 1938 (Hardy); Ogden, July7,
Reservoir,
1937 (Hardy); Spanish Fork,June14, 1936 (Hardy); Strawberry
along stream,July25, 1945 (K); WelIsville,in meadowswamps,AuguLst10,
1938 (K & Harmston),September4, 1943 (K).
LimnophilaoccidensAlexander,1924.-Logan, June29, 1943 (Maddock);
Logan Canyon,SpringHollow, July5, 1943 (K), July17, 1938 (Hardy);

50

THE

AMERICAN

MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

RiverHeights,August 14, 1942 (K 6 Wood); Zion National Park,Weeping
Rock,May 5, 1943 (K). The specimenfromRiverHeightsis smallerthanLhetypesand otherspecimensfromhigh altitudesin Colorado.
Shannonomyjaoslari (Alexander, 1916).-Wolf Creek Canyon, June24, 1945 (K).
Pilaria imbecilla(Osten Sacken, 1859).-Bear Lake, June30, 1942; Wolf
Creek Canyon,July24, 1945 (K).
Pilaria recondita(Osten Sacken, 1869).-American Fork, June21, 1938
(K 6 Hardy); Beaver,June27, 1945 (K), July11, 1945 (K 6? Telford);
Brigham,June 17, 1938 (Hardy 6 Stains); Callao, August 7, 1945 (K);Charleston,August 14, 1943 (K 6 Maddock); Eden, June23, 1938 (Hardy
6? Stains), July 16, 1937 (Hardy); Fish Springs,August 8, 1945 (K);
Garden City, August 12, 1943 (K); GraniteCreek, August 7, 1945 (K);Heber,August 14, 1943 (K 6 Maddock); Huntsville,June23, 1938 (Hardy
6? Stains); Kamar,July24, 1945 (K); Leeds, August S, 1942 (K 6.?Peay);
Monte Cristo,August 12, 1943 (K &6Maddock); Mt. Nebo, July25, 1942
(K); Nephi, June29, 1945 (K); Ogden, June 12, 1945 (Harrnston); Peoa
July24, 1945 (K); Providence,July2, 1943 (Telford); Starr,June29, 1945
(K); Mt. Timpanogos,PleasantGrove,July1, 1937 (K 6? Hansen); Wellsville,in meadowswamps,July21, 1942 (K), August 10, 1938 (K 6 Harmston); Woodland, July24, 1945 (K).
Hexatoma (Eriocera) austera (Doane, 1900).--Henefer, June29, 1943
(K). A singlemale thathlasthe wingsveryreducedin size but approachedby
otherspecimensfromthe Yellowstone.Free flightwould not be possible nsuch individuals.
Hexatoma (Eriocera) eriophora (Williston, 1893) .-Eden, in meadow,
June8, 1938 (K 6 Hardy); Logan Canyon,at light,July3, 1939 (K), July23, 1945, July29, 1939, August 8, 1945 (K); Monroe Canyon,June 1930
(Rowe); Provo, 4,750 ft., July29-August 1, 1920; AmericanMuseum of
Natural History,F 4757.
Hexatoma (Eriocera) velveta (Doane, 1900).-Blacksmith Fork Canyon,
June 12, 1938 (Hardy); Brigham,June 17, 1938 (Hardy 6 Stains); Eden,
June8, 1938 (K &6Hardy); Fish Lake, June,1930 (Rowe); Kanosh Canyon,
May 27, 1939 (K 6? Harmston); MirrorLake, Uinta Mts. (Hardy); Provo
Canyon, North Fork (Hardy); Salt Lake City, July 2, 1939 (K); Zion
National Park,May 13, 1936 (Rees & Duncan).
ERIOPTERINI

Teucholabis (Teucholabis) rubescensAlexander, 1914.-Zion National
Park, 4,500 ft.,June21, 1942 (C. P. & M. M. Alexander). At the Grotto
Campground,between7 and 9 P. M., severalspecimenswerefound,usuallv
in groups of fromthreeto fiveindividuals,swarmingclose to the ground,theyswarmaboutthe trunkof
usuallywithina footor two.Almostinvariably
pubescensSargent,thea tree,includingthe cottonwood,Populus fremontii
desertor velvetash,FraxinusvelutinaTorrey,and thebox elder,Acer negunda

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEA51

OF UTAH

interius (Britton) Sargent.In some cases a single male would go throughmotions.Almostalwaystheflieswereonlytwoor threeinches
all theswarming
distantfromthe boles of the tree. A few mated pairs were found,flying
throughthe air whilestillunited.It mightbe observedthat the typeof thespecies was found some half a centuryago in the White Mountains,New
Mexico, by the late C. H. T. Townsend,who found it swarmingabout thetrunk of a mountaincottonwood,evidentlya habit very much as above
described.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

d

ad

24

id

28

b

25
od

..mb

~id

27
Figs. 24-29. 24. Teucholabis (Teucholabis)

29
rubescens Alexander, venation; 25. Con.-

om_ia(Progonomyia)zionicola sp. n., venation; 26. Gonomyia(Euptilostena)
Inowltonianasp. n., venation; 27. Teucholabis(Teucholabis) rubescensAlexansp. n., maleder, male hypopygium;28. Gonom_ia(Euptilostena) knowltoniana(Progonomyia)zionicolasp. n., male hypopygium.
hypopygium;29. Gontomyia(Symbols: a, aedeagus; b, basistyle; d, dististyle;id, innerdististyle;mb, mesal
lobe of basistyle;od, outerdististyle).

52

THE

AMERICAN

MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

The wing venationis illustrated(Fig. 24). The sternalpocketson themale abdomenare conspicuous,especiallyon the fifthsegment,whereit condarkenedarea witlhnumeroussmall blackenedtubercles
sistsof a shield-shlaped
and fewerlong scatteredsetae, the largestand most conspicuousof these
decussateat themidline.On sternite
marginalin positionand directedinwardly,
six on eitllerside of the broad centralarea witha rowof fromsevento eight
withfewersmallerbristles.
verylong setae directedmesad, theseinterspersed
Male hypopygium(Fig. 27) withthe spine of the basistyle,b, broad to verybroad at base, narrowedverygraduallyinto a long slenderblackenedpoint,
the lowermarginbeforetlhiswitha fringeof yellowsetae; mesal flangenarrowlyblackened,its cephalicportionsomewhatmore produced.Outer dististyle,od, broad,taperinggraduallyto a small apical spine,the loweredge
lobe or flange.Inner
moreor less producedintoan irregularat nearmidlength
dististyle,id, small, the long outer lobe unequallybidentate;more basallyin a long blackenedspine.Aedeawitha smallerslenderlobulethatterminates
blade thatterminates
gus, a, conspicuous,appearingas a compressed-flattened
abruptlyin a curvedblackenedspine;posteriormarginof organat near midproducedand bearingtwo long setae.
lengthsligh-tly
Gonomyia (Progonomyia) zionicola sp. nov.-General coloration
brownishgray and yellow;antennaebrownishblack throughout;wings palestigmaverypale brown;Scl endingabout oppositemidyellowishsubhyaline,
withthe outer
lengthof Rs, Sc2 some distancefromits tip; male hypopygium
lobe of basistylestout,its mesal edge producedinto a glabrousplate that isvery coarselytoothed;outer dististylepointedat apex, with a few setae atthe length;innerstylewitha blackenedtriangulartooth atnear two-thirds
about the basal third.
8'. Length,about 5 mm.; wing,6 mm.
?. Length,about 6 mm.; wing,6.5 mm.
Rostrumand frontyellow;palpi dark brown.Antennae brownishblack
throughout;flagellarsegmentslong-oval.Head light gray.
lightyellow,the formerdarkerlaterally.MesoPronotumand pretergites
notumbrownishgray,the humeraland lateral portionsof praescutumlightyellow;posteriorportionsof scutal lobes and the caudal borderof scutellum
bordersand the dorsalpleudarkgray,the anterolateralyellowed;mediotergite
broadlyyellow.Pleura dark reddishbrown,sparselypruinose,witha
rotergite
stripein male,not evidentin female.Halteresconspicuousyellowlongitudinal
the basal half of stemyellow.Legs withthe coxae reddishyellow;
infuscated,yellow;femoraand tibiae brownishyellow,the tips of the lattertrochantersdarkened;tarsibrownishblack.Wings (Fig. 25) verypale yellowish
narrowly
the prearcularand costal portionssomewhatcleareryellow;stigma
subhyaline,
oval, verypale brown;veinslightbrown.Venation: Sc long,Scl endingabout
oppos.temidleigth oL Rs,Sc2 some distancefromits tip,about oppositeoneof Rs; vein R2 veryweaklypreserved,a littlelongerthan
fourthche lengtlh
ve&nR3?4; cell R3 deep; cell 2ndM2 about one-halflongerthan its petiole;m cii it forkof F; vein2nd A not sinuous.

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH

53

of femalesegment
genitalin male,darkbrownin female;brown
Abdomenhorncolor.Male hypopyyellowish
withvalveselongate,yellow.Ovipositor
shortand stout,b, relatively
gium(Fig. 29) yellow;outerlobeof basistyle,its mesaledge producedinto a coarselytoothedglabrousplateor flange;level
caudadaboutto theoutermost
extendingmesallobe,rnb,muchlonger,
theoutersubequalin length,d, twoin number,Dististyles,of thedististyles.
thesetaeat neartwvo-thirds
one morepointedat apex,witha fewscattered
toothor flangeat nearthe
triangularlength;innerstylewitha blackened
basal thirdand hereprovidedwithseveraldelicatesetulae.Aedeagus,ca,
expandedin a pale curvedcrook,beforewhichis a conspicuous
terminating
flange.
Holotype,c, Zion NationalPark,4,500ft.,June21, 1942(C. P. Alex2 8' 8', a broken
i, pinnedwiththetype.Paratopotypes,
ander).Allotopotype,
June10, 1936(Rees).
Washington,
specimen,hesperia
The presentflyis mostsimilarto Gono-nyia(Progonomyia)
especially
1914,differing
1926,and G. (P.) slossonaeAlexander,.Alexander,of bothdistiparticularlyof themalehypopygium,in thedetailsof structure
styles.
Gonomyia (Euptilostena) knowltonianasp. nov.-Allied to damnppleura
thoracic
withfourbrowngray,thepraescutum
stripes;fiana;mesonotum
bv dark
borderedgray,stripedwithlightyellow,the latterareasnarrowly
withbrown;malepatterned
restrictedly
brown;wingswhitishsubhyaline,
setae;
withnumerous
elongate,
withtheouterlobe of basistyle,hypopygium
astheinnerone appearing
longerthanthelobeof basistyle,
bothdististyles
intoa spine.
blade,itsapicalthirdnarroweda narrowc<. Length,about5 mm.;wing,5.5 mm.
about6-6.5mm.;wing,6-6.5mm.
$. Length,
blackto black,in some
Rostrumand palpi black.Antennaebrownish
brownishblack,the tips
bicolored,
weaklyfemalesthe flagellarsegments
Head abovelightyellowin front,
long-oval.
segments
flagellar
yellow;
obscurebrownmedianvittaon vertex.
witha narrowgraybehind,lightyellowon sides;
above,narrowly
graymediallybrownishPronotumthegray,withfourbrownstripes,
yellow.Mesonotalpraescutum
pretergites
theirown
by a groundvittaof aboutone-halfpairseparated
intermediate
foveaedarkbrown;scutumgray,each lobe withtwo
width;pseudosuturalof thelateralpraeoutermarkbeinga continuation
thesmallerbrownareas,brown,
scutalstripe;a capillarymedianbrownvittaon scutum;scutellum
darkgray.Pleuragray,stripedwitha pale yellowcentralspot;postnotumarea
the dorsopleuralwithlightyellow,the latterincluding
longitudinallyline fromthe forecoxaebackward,
and a broaderand moreconspicuousby darkbrown;expandedbordered
thepale areasnarrowly
behind,expanded
black.Halteres
moreorlesslinedwithbrownish
ofthelowerpalestripe
portionblack.Legs withtheforecoxaechiefly
knobbrownish
withthestemyellow,
gray,thetips
coxaebrownish
on outerface;middleand posterior
whitenedthle
obscurefemorayellow,brownishyellow;
obscuretrochanters
yellow;broadlyaloillinamountsubequal
narrow,more
relatively
infuscated,
tipsgradually

54

THE

AMERICAN

MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

passing
tarsibrown,
darkbrown;
thetipsnarrowly
yellow,
legs;tibiaebrownish
clearerwhiteinsubhyaline,
intobrownish
black.Wings (Fig. 26) whitish
spotsin themarginal
and costalfields,the latterincluding
the prearculartheincludingbrownpattern,
but restricted
outerradialfield;a conspicuous
cord;n-cu;forkof
arculus;originofRs andSc2; tip of Sc1; stigma;anterior
in cellR4; otherbrowncloudsin
crossvein
M1+2 and overthesupernumerary
spots;veinsbrown;
hyalinemarginal
thewhitish
outerradialfield,borderingand basaiareas,theveinsin theprearculara littledarkerin thepatternedof Rs,
costalfieldspaler.Venation:Sc1 endingaboutoppositemidlength
at nearcrossvein
originof Rs; veinR3 oblique;supernumerarySc2 opposite
of veinK4 in cell R4; cell 2nd M2 abouttwiceits petiole;m-cu
midlength
to threetimesits lengthbeforetheforkof M.
fromabouttwoand one-halfnearbase ofalignmentin transverse
crossvein
and interanalarcularcrossvein
wing.

borders
thelateraland posteriorpruinose,sparsely
darkbrown,
Abdomenmoreuniformly
paler,thesternites
and indistinctly
verynarrowlyof tergitesb,(Fig. 28) withtheouterlobe of basistyle,Male hypopygium
darkened.
elongate,pale, enlargedtoward tip, providedwitlhnumerous setae. Bothlongerthan this lobe, the outer,od, unequallybilobed;innerstyle,dististyles
id, bentbeyondbase, thenceexpandedinto a narrowblade, about the apicalthethirdmore narrowedinto a spine, the tip acute. Aedeagus, a, flattened,
upper marginwitha row of scatteredpale setae,the tip narrow.
Holotype, c6, Leeds, June 27, 1945 (G. F. Knowlton). Allotype, 9,16 ci$y; paratypes,4 $?, Washington,June
pinnedwithtype.Paratopotypes,
27, 1945 (G. F. Knowlton);1 9, Springdale,June28, 1945 (G. F. Knowlton).
flyformy
I take verygreatpleasurein namingthis unusuallyinteresting
friendand colleague,ProfessorGeorge F. Knowlton.The speciesis
long-timeclosestto Gonomyia(Euptilostena) dampfianaAlexander,1938, of extreme
in slightdetailsof wingpatternand structure
Mexico, differingsouthwestern
The regionalG. (E.) polingiAlexander,1946, isof the male hypopygium.
more distantlyallied, being readilydistinguishedby the series of supernumerarycrossveinsin the costalcell of the wing.
Gonomyia(Idiocera) blanda (Osten Sacken, 1859).---Bear Lake, June30,
1942, severalalong a small stream;Morgan, July24, 1945 (K).
Gonomyia(Idiocera) coloradicaAlexander,1920. Logan, July28, 1939
(K & Nve); Zion National Park,4,500 ft.,June21-23,1942; one of the commonestspeciesat and near the Weeping Rock.
Gonomyia (Idiocera) multistylata sp. nov.-Belongs to the blazda
group; general colorationdark gray,conspicuouslypatterenedwith yellow,
especiallyon the thoracicpleura; wingsnarrow,heavilypatternedwithdark
brown;Sc relativelylong, Scl endingbeyondmidlengthof Rs; m-cu about
withfourdistinctdistwiceits lengthbeforetheforkof M; male hypopygium
tistylesor branchesthereof,the innermosta flattenedyellow blade.
cl Length,about5.5 mm.;wing,5.7-5.8mm.
Rostrumlightyellowabove,black on sides; palpi black.Antennaewiththescape yellow,faintlydarkenedon lowerface; pedicel brown,flagellumblack;the verticilsabout equal in length
flagellarsegmentslong-ovalto subfusiform,

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH

55

blackareaon thebrownishwitha conspicuous
Head yellow,
to thesegments.
vertex.
posterior
above;pregraymediallylightyellowon sides,morebrownish
Pronotumdarkgray,withstilldarkerinterlightyellow.Mesonotalpraescutum
tergites
pale yellow;scutallobesdark
region restrictedly
mediatestripes;humeralw ithaof scutum
portiongray,eachwitha darkbrownmediandash;central
lateralportionof each scutallobeyellow;scudarkcentralvitta;posterior
yellowcentralspot,paratellumdarkbrown,witha smallbutconspicuous
lateraleachanteriorpruinose,black,sparsely
dark;mediotergite
chieflyscutella
Pleurastripe.
apleural
of
pale
end
the
posteriormarkingyellow,anglelight
withpalestripedlongitudinallydarkgray,conspicuously
and pleurotergite
backward
region,continued
the dorsopleuralyellow;dorsalstripeincluding
toand pleurotergite,
thedorsalpteropleurite
thewingroot,including
beneath
on theforecoxae,
beginning
stripeyellow
ventralas described;
themediotergite,
ontothe metaand ventralmesepimeroncrossingthedorsalsternopleurite
knobblack.Legswiththeforeand middle
pleura.Haltereswithstemyellow,
exceptat apices;trochanters
coxaeblackened
yellow;posterior
coxaechiefly
and inobscureyellow;femoraand tibiaeyellow,the tips verynarrowlyof tarsi
pale brown,the tipsand remainder
basitarsi
infuscated;distinctly
the presublhyaline,
black.Wings (Fig. 30) narrow;groundcolorwhitish
darkbrown
arcularand costalfieldsa littlemoreyellowed;a conspicuous
over
of
fork
of
Sc,
stigma,Rs,
originarculus,
at
h,
spots
includingpattern,
tipsof veinsR1+2 and R3, alongcordand overforkof M1+2; outerradial
andnarrowerdarkened;in cellR3 and tipof 2ndA similarly
field,especiallyalongveinsR5, Cu and 2ndA; twoor threesmallto
lessevidentmarkings
palerin thebrightened
darkdotsin cellC; veinsdarkbrown,
evident
scarcely
Venation:Sc long,Scl endingbeyondmidlength
fields.
costaland prearcularof Rs,Sc2 nearits tip; Rs square and slightlyspurredat origin;R+?2 and K,
closingcell R1; cell 2nd M2 subequalincontactat margin,
in punctiform
theforkof M.
to itspetiole;n-cuabouttwiceitslengthbefore
lengthnarrowlyborders
thelateraland posterior
darkbrown,
tergites
Abdominal
diffuse,moreborders
caudalthepalebrown,
paler
somewhatsternites
yellow;dark,
chiefly
malehypopygium
darker;of thesegments
portions
thesublateral(Fig. 33) withpale. Male hypopygium
abruptly
theapicallobeof basistyle
stout,obtuseat apex.Fourb,stout,theouterlobeconspicuous,
thebasistyle,of thesame,as shown(in mainbranchesd, or profounddististyles,
distinct
longestto avoidconfusion);
id,is notshown,style,
theinnerorfourth
figure,truncated;stylea strongcurvedrod,blackon outerhalf,theapexobliquely
to an acutepoint;
narrowed
blackspine,graduallysecondstylea shortslenderandtwo,blackened
theprecedingin lengthbetween
thirdstyleintermediate
apex,theshortouteror axialspinemuchsmallerat thebispinous
expandedthanthe apicalone whichbendsat a rightangleto the axis of thestyle,atblade,narrow
yellowor innerstyle,id,a flattened
bothspinesacute;fourthwithsurfaceprovided
the apextruncated;base,widelyexpandedoutwardly,
severalsetae,theirpositionand relativesize aboutas shownin the figure.
withnumerous
surfaceto thesmallapicalorifice;a, stout,narrowed
Aedeagus,setae.
scattered

56

THE

AMERICAN

MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

Holotype, d', Zion National Park, Weeping Rock, 4,500 ft., July 19,
ci, Moab,1943 (G. F. Knowlton& P. E. Telford). Paratypes,1 fragmentaryalong stream,4,000 ft.,June 13, 1945 (G. F. Knowlton); 1 ci, August 21,
1942 (G. F. Knowlton& W. E. Peay).
is quite distinctfromall otherNearcGonomyia(Idiocera) multistylataof the male hypopygium.
tic speciesof the subgenus,especiallyin the structure
or profoundbranchesof the same readily
The unusual numberof dististyles
separatesthe speciesfromothersomewhatsimilarforms.Withinthe limitsof
but some species
thissubgenuswe findthe normalnumberof threedististyles,(as blanda) show only two such styleswhilea veryfewothers,includingthe
presentflyhave four,the maximumas knownbeing five,found in G. (I.)
pruinosaAlexander,of Formosa.
Gonomnyia(Idiocera) proserpinaAlexander, 1943.-Beaver, 7,000 ft.,
June27, 1942; foundin a wet springyarea, the pools withwhiteBatrachiumn
yellow Ranunculussp.; Equisetumarvenseandand similarmore terrestrial
E. hiemale;area slightlyshaded by Colorado blue spruceand willows.
Gonomyia (Idiocera) shannoni Alexander, 1926.-Settlement Canyon,
June18, 1943 (K).
(Lipophleps) cinerea (Doane, 1900).-Moab, along Colorado
Gonomnyia
River,at car lights,September15, 1943 (K); Zion National Park, Weeping
Rock,June28, 1945 (K).
Gonomyia (Gonomyia) bihamata Alexander,1943.-Beaver, 8,000 ft.,
June26-27, 1942.
Gonomyia(Gonomyia) filicaudaAlexander,1916.-Eden, June29, 1943
(K); Mt. Timpanogos,SalamanderLake, August 26, 1943 (K & Maddock).
Gonomyia(Gonomyia) flavibasisAlexander,1916 (tuberculataAlexander,
1925).-Hurricane, September6, 1943 (K).
Gonomyia (Gonomyia) harmstoni sp. nov.-Mesonotal praescutumwith threebrown stripes,the interspacesobscure;rostrumyellow; antennae
black throughout;Sci ending about opposite one-fourthto one-fifththe
unusuallysmall;innerwiththe outerdististylelengthof Rs; male hypopygium
stylewithitsouterlobe a simplearcuatedblackrod; phallosomea pale flattened
blade, the apex obtuselyrounded.
d. Length,about 4.4-5 mm.; wing,5.1-6 mm.
Rostrumyellow;palpi black. Antennaeblack throughout;basal flagellar
segmentsstout,the outerones more slender.Head lightyellow,the centerof
darkened.
vertexrestrictedly
lightyellow.Mesonotal praescutumwiththree
Pronotumand pretergites
obscureyellow,the lateralpraescutalbordersand
brownstripes,the interspaces
humeralregionbroadlylightyellow;scutal lobes chieflydark brown,the surfacesparselypruinose;centralregionof scutumand base of scutellumrestrictyellow.Pleura lightyellow,pattemedwithbrown,
edly darkened;mediotergite
includinga longermoredorsal stripeextendingfromthe cervicalregionacrossventralportionof sternonot involvingthe pteropleurite;
the anepisternum,
pleuritesimilarlydarkened.Halteres elongate,stempale yellow,knob weakly

ALEXANDER:

1948

TIPULOIDEA57

OF UTAH

yellow;femoraobscureyellow,
Legs withcoxaeand trochantersinfuscated.
thetipsdarker;
tibiaelightbrown,
thetipspassingintobrown;basally,
clearertinge,
black.Wings(Fig. 31) witha weakgrayish
tarsipassingintobrownish
veins
yellow;stigmabarelyindicated;and costalfieldsligh-t
the prearcular
Venation:Sc1 endingaboutopportions.
yellowin themoreflavous
brown,
fromits
thelengthof Rs, Sc9 a shortdistanceto one-fifth
positeone-fourth
tip;m-cucloseto theforkof M.
of theborderstlhelateraland posterior
darkbrown,
tergites
Abdominal
mediumbrownyellow;hypopygium
lightyellow;sternites
narrowly
segments
more
thelobe of theinnerdististyle,exceptingtheremainder,on basistyles,
Male hypopygium(Fig. 34) withtheouterdististyle,od, unusuallv
yellowed.
providedas longas theouterlobeoftheinnerstyle,small,onlyabouttwo-thirds
withabout12 to 14 setae.Innerdististyle,id, withits outerlobe a simple

30

3

D,:

o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~d
I

435\
md

t1id

36~~~i33~~~~~~~~~~~~~3
sp. n., venation; 31. Gonomgia
Figs. 30-36. 30. Gonom_ia(Idiocera) multistylata
sp. n., venation; 32. Gonom_ia(Conomyia) paiuia sp. n.,(Gonom_ia) harmstoni
sp. n., male hyropygium;34.
venation; 33. Gonompia(Idiocera) niultistplata
sp. n., male hypopygium;35. Gonomiia (GonGonomyia(Gonom_ia) harmstonii
oinyia) paiuta sp. n., male hypopygium;36. Gonomyia(Gonomlpia)sevierensis
sp. n., male hypopygium.
(Symbols: a, aedeagus; b, basistyle;d, dististyle;id, innerdististyle;md, intermediate dististyle;od, outerdististyle;p, phallosome).

58

THE

AMERICAN

MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

setaon facebeyondmidlength;
rod,witha singlepowerful
blackenedarcuated
to theapex whichbears
blade,narrowed
as a flattened
innerlobe appearing
setae;normalsetaein rowsalongloweredge
unequalfasciculate
twoslightly
pale blade,the apex obtuselyp, a flattenedof style.Phallosome,rounded;spinouspoints.
stoutdarkened
as appressedsmall,appearing
apophyses
Holotype, 3, Bear Lake, 6,000ft.,June30, 1942 (C. P. Alexander).
2 A c, Heber,5,600ft.,August30, 1943
3 c6' ; paratypes
Paratopotypes,
P,
1
FishHaven,Idaho,July24, 1943(G. F. Knowlton).
(G. F. Knowvlton);whosecooperaflyis namedforMr. FredC. Harmston,This interesting
The flyis
appreciated.
in thisstudy,is greatly
KnowltontionwithProfessor
ofthe
bythestructure
ofthesubvenus
members
toldfromotherregional
readily
The variousallied
and phallosome.
thedististyles
especiallymalehypopygium,
fallin thefollowing
speciesin theRockyMountainand GreatBasinregionsof theapex of the malefourgroupsthatare based on the conformation
aedeagus.
theoutlineirregular,
expandedbeyondtheapophyses,
1.Apex of aedeagusgreatly
spineor point.
bladewitha moreor lessdeveloped
beforetheexpanded(Osten1943; subcinerea
Alexander,
1943; bihamata
extensivena
Alexander,
1945.
Alexander,
Sacken,1859); -vafra
bilobedbya deepapicalsplit.
unequally
2. Apexofaedeagus
Alexander.
filicauda
toa simplepoint.
3. Apexof aedeagus
narrowed
1946.
Alexander,
1924; triformis
Alexander,
poliocephalablade.
rounded4. Apexof aedeagusa simplecbtusely
harmstoni sp. nov.

and spiniGonomya (Gonomyia) paiuta sp. nov.-Alliedto flavibasis
Sc1
tinge,stigmaoval,pale brown;Sc short,
fer;wingswitha weakbrownish
originof Rs nearlyequalto thelengthof thelatter;
beforeendinga distanceof thebasal sectionof M3; malehypopygium
cell M2 openby theatrophythemargin
beyondandbulbouson outerportion,
fleshywiththeouterdististyle
entirely
pale,prointoa blackened
tooth;innerdististyle
produced
midlength
bearinga
cultriform,
foundly
dividedintotwoblades,theouterone narrow,laterallobe
withtheapex pale,obtuse;a conspicuous
singleseta;phallosome
theouterspine.
oppositeor tuberculeci. Lengthabout4.2-4.5mm.;wing,4.5-5mm.
S. Length,about4.5 mm.;wing,4.5 mnm.
Rostrumand palpiblack.Antennaewithscapeand pedicellightyellow,
Head aboveyellow,thecenter
long-oval.
segments
black;flagellar
flagellum
infuscated.
of vertexrestrictedy
withthreegrayish
abovelightyellow.Mesonotalpraescutum
Pronotummorereddish
interspaces
brownstripes,the lateralmarginsand restrictedscutallobesweaklyinfuscated;chestnut;
foveaereddish
yellow;pseudosutural
darkborderof mediotergite
theposteriorof notumyellow,
sclerites
posteriorbutconspicuous
traversed
by a narrow
yellow,ened.Pleuraand pleurotergite
acrossthedorsal
sclerites
fromthecervicalstripeextending
brownlongitudinalin cases,theventralsternopleurite
as described;
to themediotergite,
pleurites
pleuralarea.
a morewhitish
thetwostripesenclosing
moreweaklydarkened,
setaeat apex,back fromthe two fasiculate
fromapex;lowerlobe stouter,

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH

59

Legs withthecoxaeandknobweaklyinfuscated.
Haltereswithstemyellow,
thetipsvaguelydarker;tibiaeand
reddishyellow;femorayellow,
trochantersWings
moreinfuscated.
tarsalsegments
yellow,the terminal
tarsibrownish
and costalfieldsmore
tinge,theprearcular(Fig. 32) witha weakbrownish
stigmaoval, pale brown;veinsbrown.Venation:Sc short,Sc_
whitened;endinga distancebeforeoriginof Rs thatin cases is nearlyequal to theas long;Sc2 a shortabouttwo-thirds
in otllerspecimens
lengthof thelatter,
fromtip of Sc1; veinR3 oblique;basalsectionof veinR5 shortto
distanceof basal sectionof M'13;m-cua shortdislacking;cellM2 openbyatrophy
forkof M.
tancebefore
and lateralangleslightyelthecaudalborders
brown,
tergites
Abdominal(Fig. 35) ofyellow.Male hypopygium
chieflyand hypopygium
low;sternites
regards.
inimportantdiffering
andothers,
typesofflavibasis,thegeneralspiniferthesetaeon one face.Outerb, smalla-d fleshy,
Apical lobe of basistyle,of theod, a longpale bladethatjutsbeyondthe otherelements
dististyle,longsetae,apexobtuse;innermargin
withabundantthesurface
hypopygium,
blackenedtooth,not as slenderandwitha conspicuous
beyondmidlength
id,
Innerdististyle.,
butmorepointedthanin flavibasis.
as in spinifer
spinelikesplitintotwo bladesof nearlyequal length,theentitely
pale, profoundlybacka singlesetasomedistancebearing
and morecultriform,
outernarrower
setaeat apex,back fromthe twofasciculate
fromapex; lowerlobe stouter,witha seriesof morethana dozenstrongsetae.Phallotipon lowermargin
blackeneda strongly
curvedpale;outerapophysis
some,p, withthetipobtuse,morebasalspine
knobor tubercle;
itsbasewitha conspicuous
hook,opposite
weakand not heavilyblackened.
Holotype,c, WeepingRock,Zion NationalPark,4,500ft.,June21,
9, pinnedwithtype.Paratopotypes,
1942 (C. P. Alexander).Allotopotype,numerous
o"y,June21-23,1942(C. P. & M. M. Alexander).
tribeof thisgenera!
Amerindnameis thatof thedominant
The specificregion.The flyis mostsimilarto speciessuch as Gonomyia(Gonomyia)
inespeciallydifferingAlexander,
and G. (G.) spinifer
Alexander
flavibasis
It shouldbe noted
as abovediscussed.
of themalehypopygium,
thestructure
withthe closelyallied MexicanspeciesG. (G.)
togetherthatin spinifer,
1938,the apex
1926,and G. (G.) subremota
remotaAlexander,
Alexander,
spine.The MexicanG.
intoa slenderblackenedof theaedeagusis produced
muchas inhas themalehypopygium
1938,likewise(G.) expansaAlexander,
thepresent
flybuthasthewingswithcell1stM2 closed.
Gonomyia(Gonomyia) sevierensissp. nov.-Belongsto thenoveborwitha weakduskytinge;stigmaand a vague
acensisgroup;wingsnarrow,
Sc short,Sc1 endinga
moredarkened;
cordslightly
seamovertheanterior
thelengthof theto three-fourths
beforeRs aboutequalto two-thirds
distance
withthe outerdististylelong andlatter;cell M2 closed;malehvpopygium
withabouta
theventralmargin
dilatedapexblackened,
theslightly
slender,pale blade,stylea broadlyflattened
teeth;intermediate
dozenerectblackened
theintoan acutepoint,theinneranglea smallflange,
theouterangleproduced

60

THE AMERICAN MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

apexbetween
thesepointswithfromthreeto fivepale setae;innerdististyleintoa spineat apex.
unusually
slender,
notproduced
c?. Length,about4-4.5mm.;wing,5.4-6mm.
?. Length,about5.5-6mm.;wing,6-6.5mm.
Rostrum
obscureyellowabove,darkeron sides;palpi black.Antennae
moretheouteronesbecoming
segments
long-oval,
blackthroughout;flagellar
the segments
in length.Head above gray,theslender;verticils
exceedingverticaltubercleand occiputorange.
and dorsopretergites
narrowly
infuscatedPronotumlightyellow,
medially;
and scutumdarkbrownish
pleuralregionlightyellow.Mesonotalpraescutum
pattern;tuberculate
gray,without
distinctpitsandpseudosutural
foveaeblack;chieflyscutellum
obscureorangebehind,morepruinoseat base; postnotum
yellow.
and anapleurotergite
gray,thecephaliclateralportionof mediotergite
stripedwithdarkbrownon a yellowground,themore
Pleuraconspicuously
dorsalstripeextending
fromthecervicalregionto belowthewingroot;lower
lessevidenton themeron.
on theventral
sternopleurite,
stripebestindicatedHaltereswithstemyellow,knobdarkbrown.Legs withthecoxaeand trobasesredarkbrown,thefemoralof legschiefly
chanters
yellow;remainder
witha weakduskytinge,the prearcularstrictedly
yellow.Wings narrow,moreyellowed;
stigmaand a vagueseamoverthe
andcostalfieldssomewhat
moredarkened;veinsbrown,moreyellowedin theanteriorcord slightly
beforeRs aboutbrightened
fields.Venation:Sc short,Sc1 endinga distanceor three-fourths
ofthelatter,Sc2 at itsextreme
thelength
equalto two-thirds
thanR2?3+4,thelattersubequalto veinR4; veinR3
tip; Rs a littleshorterin casessubequalon costabetween
R1+2 andR3 variable,
oblique,thedistancein lengthto vein R3, in otherspecimensmuch shorter;basal sectionof R5
beforethe forkof M.
short;m-cuat or immediately
Abdominaltergitesdarkbrown,the posteriorbordersyellow,slightlymore
somewhatpaler brown,withpale posextensiveat the fateralangles; sternites
obscureyellow.Male hypopygium(Fig. 36) withteriorborders;hypopygiumouter style,od, long and slender,the slightlydilated apex
threedististyles;
blackened,its ventralmarginwithabout a dozen erectblack teeth,the mostproximalone stouter;outersurfaceof style for almost the distal half withstyle, md, a broadly flattenedpale
appressedscabrouspoints; intermediate
blade its outer angle producedinto an acute point, the innerangle with amuchsmallerflange,the concavemarginbetweenthesepointswitha groupof
id, unusuallyslender,tne
fromthreeto fivelong pale setae; innerdististyle,tuberculate
flangeon lowermarginbeforeapex small;tip of stylenot produced
into a spine,such as occurs in otherspecies; chaetotaxyof style as figured.
Basistyle,b, witha rathercompactgroupof about a dozen verylong setae on
the group
mesal face,thesesetae only a littleshorterthanthe outerdististyle,
The complexphallosomeis not figured.
not as compactas in percomplexa.
Holotype, o, SevierRiver,nearHatch, June23, 1942 (C. P. Alexander).
several 65?.
Allotopotype,9. Paratopotypes,
This flyis readilytold fromthe otherwesternNearcticmembersof ihe
theparticularlygroup by tne details of structureof the male hypopygium,

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH

61

includeGonomyia
as indicatedin the diagnosis.These relatives
dististyles,
1945,
Alexander,
1919,G. (G.) tetonensis
Alexander,(Gonomyia)aciculifera
the
of
M2
cell
having
the
last
1946,
Alexander,
percomplexa
and G. (G.)
wingsopen.
1918.- ArchesNationalMon
Alexander,(Gonomyia)spinifer
Gonomyja
16, 1943 (K); Moab,August21, 1942(K & Peay); Zion
Septemberument,
NationalPark,WeepingRock,May 5, 1943 (K).
(OstenSacken,1859) (obscuraDoane,
subcinerea(Gonomyta)
Gonomyia
1900).-WeberRiver,June29, 1943 (K .& Telford).
1946.-Beaver,nearBeaver
Alexander,(Gonomyia)triformis
Gonomyiaft., June27, 1942; Maple Canyon,August25, 1923
Creek,6,500-7,000
of Utah.
(Aldous); University
1945.-WolfCreekPass,Uinta(Gonomyia)vafraAlexander,
Gonomyia
Mts.,July24, 1945 (K).
1921.-ZionNational
Alexander,(Sacandaga)californiensis
Rhabdornastix
Park,4,500ft.,June21, 1942.
Rhabdomastix(Sacandaga) ioogooii sp. nov.-Alliedto coloradensis;
withbrown;head abovewitha
lightyellow,patterned
generalcoloration
andpale yellow;femora
uniformly
centralbrownstripe;halteresconspicuous
stigmascaircely
tibiaeyellow,theirtips vaguelydarker;wingssubhyaline,
to two-thLirds
three-fifths
short,Scl endingaboutopposite
Sc relatively
darker;withconprovided
darkened,
withtheouterdististyleRs; malehypopygium
spinouspointsand spinulae,the apicalpointveryshort
spicuousappressed
pointedat apex.
narrow,
relatively
bladeof gonapophysis
and inconspicuous;<S Length,about5.5 mm.;wing,6.5 mm.
about6-7 mm.;wing,7-7.5mm.
$. Length,
withscapeAntennae
above;palpibrown.
darkened
weaklyyellow,
Rostrumoval,passingintolongsegments
black;flagellar
pediceland flagellum
yellow,
distributed.
unilaterally
equallingthesegments,
scarcelyoval; longestverticils
areathatcentralgraybrownishaconspicuouswithorange,obscureHead aboveat nearmidlength.
expandedis slightly
light
Mesonotalpraescutumlaterally.
darkenedslightly
yellow,
Pronotumthewidemedianonemoreor
graystripes,
withthreebroadbrownish
yellow,theless bifidbehind,endingfar beforethe suture;lateralstripescrossing
pseudoborderyellow;paler
praescutallaterallobes;
scutalsutureontothe
medianregionof
conspicuous;
pitsblackened,
suturalfoveaeand tuberculate
yellow;postnotum
brownishgray,theremainder
andbaseof scutellum
scutummore
and pleurotergite
portionof both mediotergite
yellow,the posteriorvarimembrane,
thedorsopleural
includingbrownishgray.Pleuralightyellow,
sclerites,
ventral
the
on
so
most
conspicuously
gray,egatedwithbrownish
Legswiththecoxaeandtrochanters
Halterespaleyellow.
themeron.
especiallyat tips;outertarsalsegments
vaguelydarker
and tibiaeyellow,
yellow;femora
darker;veinspale
scarcely
stigma37)
subhyaline,(Fig.
brown.
Wings
dark
and costalfields.Verysparseyellowin theprearcularmorebrownish
brown,

62

THE

MIDLANDAMERICAN

NATURALIST

39 (1)

on outer veins fromR4 to M3, inclusive.Venation: Sc modmacrotrichia
the length
to two-thirds
eratelylong, Sc_ endingabout oppositethree-fifths
of Es, Sc2 some distancefromthe tip of Sc1, the latterbeingabout one-third
longerthan m-cu; vein R3 nearlyerect,along costal borderseparatedfrom
RL+2 by a distancesubequalto its own length;R2?3?4 and R4 subequal;veins
issuingfromcell 1st M2 only moderatelyelevatedor arched;m-cuabout its
own lengthbeyondthe forkof M.
Abdominaltergitesgrayishbrown,sternitesmore yellowed;hypopygium
chieflybrownishyellow.Ovipositorwithvalves verylong and slender.Malehypopygium(Fig. 39) with the outer dististyle,od, darkened,very conspicuous,providedwithappressedspinouspointsand spinulae,the apical beakshorterveryshortand inconspicuous,thanseveralof the subtendingspines.
Inner dististylestronglynarrowedat>
outerend, entirelypale. Gonapophy\>
31
sis, g, pale, the apical blade relatively
narrow,only about twiceas wide as
the stem,pointedat tip.

,Xf

.lI

<i1
\A \ nfb-t -\ ll g
.C* ...

?

odpw

\

K

b;:.lixg

C ,sis;39

Figs. 37-40. 37. Rhabdomastix(Sacandaga) ioogoonsp. n., venation; 38.
Rihabdomastix(Sacandaga) lipophleps sp. n., venation;39. Rhabdomastix(Sacandaga) ioogoon sp. n.,male hypopygium;40. Rhabdomas(Sacandaga) lipophleps sp. n.,male hypopygium.
(Symbols: b, basistyle; g, gonapophyod, outerdististyle).

40

Holotype, 6, Zion National Park,4,500 ft.,June21, 1942 (C. P. Alex-

ander). Allotopotype, $?. Paratopotype, 1 '.

The termioogoon is the Paiute Indian name for Zion Canyon,fromanarrowquiver,"come out the way you come in". Althoughgenerallysimilar
to Rhabdomastix(Sacandaga) coloradensisAlexander,1917, the presentfly
differsevidentlyin detailsof coloration,venationand structureof the maleespeciallythe short Sc and structureof the outer dististyle
hypopygium,and gonapophysis.
Rhabdomastix(Sacandaga) leonardiAlexander,1930.-Devils Slide, Weber River,on grassybanksabove theslide,June29, 1943 (K & Telford); Henefer,June29, 1943 (K); Hyrum, July23, 1942 (K); Moab, June 13, 1945
(K); Provo Canyon, July26, 1945 (K); Salina, July 11, 1943 (K); Zion
National Park,June21, 1942 (K).
Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) lipophleps sp. nov.-General coloration
gray,the mesonotumfaintlypatternedwithpale brown;femoraobscureyelpatternedwithpale
restrictedly
low, the tips brown;wingsgrayishsubhyaline,

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH63

theon outerveins;Sc1 endingaboutoppositethree-fifths
brown;macrotrichia
withthe gonalengthof Rs, Sc2 lacking;m-cuoblique;male hypopygium
blade.
broadflattenedin an unusuallyterminating
pophysis
about6 mm.;wing,6.5 mm.
cf*Length,
palpiblack.Antennae(male) short;scapeandpedilightbrown;
Rostrum
vertexbroad.
Head lightgray;anterior
broken.
cel brown,flagellum
yellow.
obscureandpretergites
gray,thelateralmargins
brownishPronotum
pale brown
withfourpoorlyindicatedlightgray,thepraescutum
Mesonotum
pseudopitsdarkbrown,
tuberculate
patterned;
thescutallobessimilarly
stripes,and pleurotergite
of bothmediotergite
portions
suturalfoveaepale; posterior
membrane
Pleuragray,the ventralportionsdarker;dorsopleuraldarkened.
knobbroken.Legs withtheobscureyellow.Haltereswithstemlightyellow,
yellow,
obscurefemoradarker;forecoxaea trifle
yellow,
coxaeandtrochantersso; outertarand inconspicuouslyof thetibiaemorenarrowly
thetipsbrown,
thebasesubhyaline,
Wings (Fig. 38) broad,grayish
blackened.
sal segments
stigmaoval,verypale brown;narrowto scarcely
morewhitened;narrowly
evidentbrownseamsalongcordand outerend of cell 1stM2; veinsbrown.
onof M1+2 and M3, fewer
on veinsR4, R5 anddistalsections
Macrotrichia
R2+3+4, M4, Cur and 2nd A. Venation: Sc long,Sc_ endingabout opposite

Rs, Sc2 lacking;vein R3 short,oblique,gentlysinuous;vein
three-fifths
R2+3+4-a littleshorterthan R4; m more than twicethe basal sectionof M3;
itslengthbeyondtheforkof M.
m-cuoblique,abouttwo-thirds
somewhat
paler;subterminal
brown,basal sternites
Abdominaltergites
moreyellowish
ring;hypopygium
darkbrownto forma conspicuous
segments
od, relatively(Fig. 40) withthe outerdististyle,brown.Male hypopygium
in a strongcurvedpoint,the outerfaceof stylewith
terminating
narrow,
as long,strongly
nearlyInnerdististylespinesandspinulae.
appressedabundantg, withthe stemslender,at apex dilated
at apex.Gonapophysis,
narrowed
blade,theapexsubapiculate.
intoa verybroadflattened
Holotype,6, Zion NationalPark,4,500ft.,June22, 1942(C. P. Alexander).Allotype,Y, Mt. Nebo, July25, 1942 (G. F. Knowlton).
thepresent
flyagreesmorenearlywith
In itslossofveinSc2 ofthewings,
the regional(SacanRhabdomastix
of theluridagroup,including
members
and structure
1943.However,fromthevenation
Alexander,daga) sublurida
morenearlyalliedto speciessuchas R.
it is evidentlyof thegonapophyses,
preserved.
1920,all of whichhaveveinSc2 strongly
Alexander,(S.) fasciger
was
was addedto thetypeseriesafterthedescription
specimen
The allotype
and it is possiblethatthis
In this,veinSc2 is vaguelypreserved
prepared.
withthetype.
maynot be conspecificspecimen
1943.- Hayden,July
Alexander,
molophiloides(Cryptolabis)
Cryptolabis
25, 1945 (K); Vernal,June27, 1943(K).
1943.-Logan,at light,
Alexander,
pachyphallus(Cryptolabis)
Cryptolabis
August3, 1938(K & Hardy).
(Cryptolabis)sica Alexander,1946.-Zion NationalPark,
Cryptolabis

64

THE

AMERICAN

MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

Weeping Rock,4,500 ft.,June21-23, 1942, part of typeseries;same station,
June28, 1945 (K).
Ormosia (Rhypholophus)bifidariaAlexander, 1919.-Beaver, 8,000 ft.,
June25-26,1942; Cedar Breaks,10,000ft.,June25, 1942 (M. M. Alexander),June24, 1942 (Degener & Peiler); Coal Creek Canyon,9,000 ft.,June25,
1942; Mt. Timpanogos,Aspen Grove (Hardy), July26, 1945 (K).
Ormosia (Rhypholophus) wasatchensis sp. nov.-General coloration
brownishgray,the praescutumwiththe humeralregionand interspacesreddish yellow; antennaewith the scape and pedicel obscure yellow,flagellum
withthe plates
black; knobs of halteresweaklydarkened;male hypopygiumof the gonapophysessuboval in outline,the innerapical angle producedintoa blackenedtail-likeextension,the outer angle evenlyrounded, unarmed;
arms of aedeagus relativelylong,subequal in lengthto the extensionsof the
gonapophyses.
6. Length,about 5-5.5 mm.; wing,6-6.5 mm.
$. Length,about 6 mm.; wing,6.5 mm.
Rostrumobscureyellow;palpi black.Antennaewiththe scape and pedicel
pale;
obscureyellow,flagellumblack,the base of the firstsegmentrestrictedly
flagellarsegmentselongate-ovalto elongate;longestverticilsunilaterallydistributed.Head lightgray;anteriorvertexbroad.
Pronotumyellow middorsally,more brownishgray on sides; pretergites
yellow.Mesonotal praescutumwith th-ehumeralregionand restrictedinterspaces reddishiyellow,the remainderalmostcoveredby threebroad brownish
the interspacesat the suture; posteriorscleritesof
gray stripes,obliteratingandscutelluma triflebrightened;pleurotergite
the
gray,
notum brownish
obscureyellow.Pleura chieflyyellow,sparsely
lateralbordersof mediotergite
graypruinose.Hattereswithstem yellow,knob ratherweaklydarkened.Legs
yellow; femoraobscureyellow,brighterat base,withcoxae and trochanters
yellow,the tipsnarrowlyinfu-moredarkenedat tip; tibiaebrownish
narrowlycated; tarsi black, the basitarsipaler at proximalends. Wings (Fig. 41)
lelativelynarrow,stronglytingedwithbrown,the prearcularand costal fields
more yellowed;stigmalong-oval,brown;very vague darkeningsalong cordand outerend of cell 1st Mg, bestevidencedby a slightdeepeningin colorof
the veilns;veins brown,yellowishin the brightenedfieldsand basal portionof Cu. Venation: R. close to forkof R3+4; cell 1st M9, closed,a littlelonger
than vein M4 beyondit; mn-cujust beyondthe forkof M; vein 2nd A unusuallysinuous.
clearyellow,the outerones
Abdominaltergitesdark brown,basal sternites
a littledarker,morebrownishyellow.Male hypopygium
and the hypopygium(Fig. 44) withthe innerdististylerelativelynarrow.Gonapophysis,g, withthe platessubovalin outline,the innerapical angle producedinto a blackened
tlhetip subacute;outerapical angle evenlyrounded,unarmtail-likeextension,a, relativelylong,subequal in lengthto the extenthe
aedeagus,
ed. Arms ofsion of the gonapophysis.
RangerStation,Mt. Timpanogos,August 26,
Holotype, 6, Timnpooneke1943 (G. F. Knowlton& Darrell R. Maddock). Allotopotype,S. Paratopo-

1948

ALEXANDER:OF UTAH

TIPULOIDEA

65

types,7 d 3, 1 pinnedwithtype;paratypes,1 3, 1 ?, Delta, August 25,
1943 (G. F. Knowlton).
The nearestrelativeof the presentflyis Ormosia (Rhypholophus)suffuof the gonaby the structuremata Alexander,1943. It is best distinguishedparticularlythe unarmed outer apical
pophysesof the male hypopygium,
theselatterare producedinto a conspicuousacute spine
angles.In suffumata,bispinous.
to make the entirestructure
Alexander,1933.-Beaver, 8,000 ft.,June
Ormosia (Ormosia) albertensis
25-26, 1942.
Ormosia (Ormnosia) brachyrhabda sp. nov.-Allied to manicata;general colorationof thoracicnotum medium brown,withoutdistinctpattern;male hypopygiumwiththe phallosomeconsistingof two depressed-flattened
thelongerone extended
centralplatesthatare coarselyserrateon theirmargins,plate producedcaudad
intoa strongcentralspine;lateralborderof the shorter
into a slenderblade thatextendsto a shortdistancebeyondthe centralspine,
the tips of theseblades incurved.

-id41~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~b46

d4722.

/ %.%t

Figs. 41-46. 41. Ormosia(Rhppholophus) masatchetsis sp. n., venation; 42.
Ormosia(Ormosia) brach->/yrhabda

<

*.

g

a4 *.

)gZ ;8....

Q/If~7t.

\ /( <t
9t-\

9t P

1
)

|

sx

45

sp. n., venation;
43. Ormosia (Ormosia)
defrenata sp. n., venation;

44.1f Ormosiaf] P (Rh_pholophus) wasatchensissp. n.,male hypopygium; 45.
Ormosia(Ormosia) brachp
yrhabdasp. n., male hypopygium; 46. Ormosia(Ormosia) defrenata sp.
n., male hypopygium.

(Symbols: a, aedeaous; b, basistyle; d, dististyles; g, gonapophysis; id, inner dististyle; p, phallosome; 1, tergite).

66

THE

AMERICAN

MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

6. Length,about 4.5 mm.; wing,4.5 mm.; antenna,about 0.5 mm.
Rostrumbrown;palpi darkerbrown.Antennaeshort,brownthroughout;flagellarsegmentsoval to long-oval,withconspicuousverticils.Head brown.
Thorax above mediumbrown,withoutdistinctpattern,the lateralpraescupaler, more yellowishbrown.
tal bordersyellow. Pleura and pleurotergite
Halteres withstemyellow,knob infuscated.Legs withthe coxae and trochanterstestaceousyellow;remainderof legs obscureyellowor brownishyellow,
femoraltips veryweaklymore darkened,outer tarsal segmentsdark brown.
Wings (Fig. 42) whitishsubhyaline,the prearcularand costal fieldsa trifle
more yellowed;veins pale brown,more yellowed in the brighterportions.
narrow.
cell 2nd A relatively
Venation: Anal veinsdivergent;
moreyellowed.Male
brown,sternites
Abdominaltergitesand hypopygium
hypopygium(Fig. 45) with the tergite,9t, greatlyenlarged and deeply
notched,as in the group.Dististyles,d, much as in manicata,thzeouterstyle
narrow,its outer face densely setuliferous;inner style subequal in length,
centralnearlyglabrous.Phallosome,p, consistingof two depressed-flattenedplatesthatare coarselyserrateon theirmargins,the longerone extendedinto astrongcentralspine; lateralbordersof the shorterplate producedcaudad intoa narrowblade that extendsto a shortdistancebeyondthe centralspine,thetips of these blades incurved.
Holotype, c, Henefer,June29, 1943 (G. F. Knowlton).Paratypes,6,Weber River,June 29, 1943 (G. F. Knowlton); 6, Bear Lake, 6,000 ft.,
June30, 1942 (C. P. Alexander); 6 6, Arizona Creek,Teton National Forest,Wyoming,6,790 ft.,July8, 1941 (C. P. Alexander);previouslyrecorded(Alexander,1945) as manicata.
While verysimilarin its generalappearanceto Ormosia (Ormosia) manistruccata (Doane, 1900), the presentflyis quite distinctin certainimportant
especiallythe phallosome.In manicata,theturesof the male hypopygium,
gonapophysesare threein number,two appearingas veryelongateneedle-likein a furcula.
spines.the slightlybroaderthirdelementterminating
Ormosia (Ormosia) defrenata sp. nov.-Belongs to the similisgroup;
general colorationyellow,the mesonotummore reddish yellow; antennae(male) elongate,shorterthanbody; flagellarsegmentsstronglynarrowedoutwardly,givinga nodulose appearanceto the organ; legs yellow,the outertarsalsegmentsinfuscated;wingswitha weak brownishtinge,stigmaa little
withthe tergiteverydeeplynotched,thedarkerbut diffuse;male hypopygium
a slender
innerdististyle
fimbriate;largelobeswiththeirmarginsconspicuously
pale blade; gonapophysisappearingas a darkenedbispinousplate, the outerspine long and slender,its tip pale.
d. Length,about4.3-4.5mm.;wing,4.6-4.8mm.; antennae,about3.5 mmt.
Rostrumpale yellow;palpi brownishblack. Antennae (male) elongate,basal threesegmentsyellow,succeedingsegas shownby the measurements;
mentschieflydark brown;flagellarsegmentswithbasal portionlong-oval,theouter half of each narrowedinto a slender glabrousstem; longestverticils
shorterthanthe segments.Head above brownishgray.

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH

67

reddishcleareryellow.Mesonotum
Pronotumobscureyellow;pretergites
palingto yellow.Pleuraand
pruinose;sidesof praescutum
yellow,sparsely
knobweakly
Haltereswithstemyellow,
cleareryellow.
pleurotergite
somewhatinfuscated.
Wings(Fig. 43)
darkened.
theoutertarsalsegments
Legsyellow,
and costal fieldssomewhat
tinge,the prearcularwith a weak brownish
palerin theverydiffuse;veinsbrown,
stigmaa littledarker,
moreyellowish;of cells abundantand welldistributed
morebrightenedareas.Macrotrichia
over virtuallythe entirewing.Venation: R2+3 and R2 subequal;cell M2 openof basal sectionof M3; m-cucloseto the forkof M; veinby theatrophy
2ndA verygentlysinuouson its outerfourth.
yellow.Maleand hypopygium
pale brown;sternites
Abdominaltergites
9t, verydeeplynotched,
the large
hypopygium(Fig. 46) withthe tergite,
fimbriate
theirmarginsproducedinto long, conspicuous,
lobes flattened,
setae; base oflobes,withconspicuous
includingpoints;surfaceof tergite,
Outerdististylea stoutsubovalblackened
palemembrane.
notchwithrestrictedinsetaethatare arranged
lobe,the outersurfacewithabundantappressed
id, a slenderpale
rows,as in thegroup.Innerdististyle,moreor lessdistinct
Phallosome
withthe chief
longerthanthe outerdististyle.
blade,somewhat
blackplate,the outerangleproas a flattened
gonapophysis,g, appearing
innerincurved;
ducedintoa slenderblackrod,the acutetip pale,slightly
blackspine;mesal
straight
caudadintoa powerfulangleof plateproducedaspinulosepointsor roughenings;
edge of platenearbase withnumerous
Aedeagusweakly
bifidat apex.
smallslenderoutergonapophysis.
ParaJuly26, 1945 (G. F. Knowlton).
Holotype,8, Mt. Timpanogos,
types,8', Beaver,8,000ft.,June25-26,1942 (C. P. Alexander);onebroken
8', LoganCanyon,SpringHollow,July5, 1943 (DarrellR. Maddock); 1e', on slide,MoscowMt., Idaho,July25, 1920 (R. C. Shannon).
is Ormosia(Ormosia) cockerelli
The mostsimilarspeciessuperficiallythepresent
flyin theyellowcolor(Coquillett,1901),whichcloselyresembles
in thestrucof themale,differing
ationof thebodyand elongateantennae
allyappearsto be 0. (O.) pugettureofthemalehypopygium.
The nearestof theensisAlexander,
by the structure
1946,whichis welldistinguishedhypopygium.
(Doane, 1900).-Beaver,8,000ft.,June
Ormosia(Ormosia)fusiformis
215-26,
1942;Mt. Nebo,Bear CanyonCamp,August14, 1943 (K); SettleJuly26, 1945(K).
mentCanyon,
June18,1943(K); Mt. Timpanogos,
1943.-CedarBreaks,10,000ft.,
Ormosia(Ormosia) opifexAlexander,
stream,June25, 1942(M. M. Alexander).
alongsmallmountain
1943.-Beaver,8,000 ft.,June
Alexander,
Ormosia(Ormosia) spinifex
stream.
25-26,1942;sweptfromColoradobluesprucenearmountain
1945.-Mt. Nebo, July5, 1945
Ormosia(Ormosia)tetonica
Alexander,(Harmston).
Erioptera(Psiloconopa)angularis(Alexander,1917).-The typewas
end of GreatSalt Lake,Septakennearthemoutllof BearRiver,northern
Wetmore.
Otherrecords:Circleville,
tember16, 1914,by Alexander
July9,

68

THE

AMERICAN

MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

June28, 1945
1945 (K); Howell, August 26, 1942 (K & Peay); Junction,
May 4, 1945
City,
Lake
Salt
VanDuzee);
C.
(M.
1926
21,
May
Saltair,(K);(Harmston).
The species is still poorlyknownand some furtherdescriptivenotes aresupplied.Wings (Fig. 47) yellowishgray,slightlypaler at base; verysmall
to scarcelyevidentbrownclouds at originof Rs, along cord and over outer
limits:Cell 1st M2
end of cell 1st Mg. The venationvarieswithinsurprisingmaybe closedor open by theatrophyof the basal section of vein M3;
while usually shorterthan,R2+3?4,
r-mis, in some specimens,:>7
fullythree47
timesthislength.

41

od

b
-ds id\; Ui.
t.^(Xf p\ lL I

1i(Psiloconopa)
Figs.47-50. 47. Erioptera
venation;48.
Alexancler,
C.angularis
Eriopfera(Psiloconopa)hardyisp.
-dn., venation;49. Erioptera(PsiloAlexander,maleangularis
X! uconopa)
50. Eriopfera(Psilojv
hypopygium;pa) hardpisp. n., male hypo50
Ocono

5

pygium.

z

%

f}

7

(Symbols:b, basistyle;d, dististyles;
od, outerdististyle;.)id,?innerb-.: dististyle;.
p, phallosome).

49(Fig. 49) with the outer dististyle,od, profoundly
Male hvpopygium

bifid,both armsblackened,the outerone longerand more slender,its inner
crenulateor roughened;innerarm shortand broad,its
edge microscopicallyid,outer face similarlybut even more delicatelycrenulate.Inner dististyle,a long slenderarm,at near midlengthbent at a rightangle or slightlymore,
the tip darkenedand acute; beforeapex with a few scatteredpale acutespinous points.Gonapophysesappearingas flattenedpale basal plates, eachproducedapicallyinto a slenderblackenedrod or spine, gentlycurved,thetoothedor crenulate.Phallosome,p, appearingas amarginmicroscopicallyflattenedcentralplate, at apex producedinto two genitaltubes.

Erioptera (Psiloconopa) bispinigeraAlexander,1930.-Logan Canyon,
above Tony Grove,August 12, 1943 (K & Maddock).
Erioptera(Psiloconopa) gaspicola (Alexander,1929).-Beaver, 8,000 ft.,
June26, 1942.
Erioptera (Psiloconopa) hardyi sp. nov.-Allied to angularis;generalcolorationyellow,patternedwithdarker;antennaewithscape yellow,pedicel
and flagellumbrown;mesonotalpraescutumwith threelight brownstripes,
the cephalicportionof the broad centralstripemoreblackened;halteresyellow, the tips narrowlyinfuscated;wings broad, grayishsubhyaline,with afrom1st A,
diverging
pale brownpattern;vein2nd A nearlystraight,
restricted

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH69

at nearfurculawitha smallblackened
malehypopygium
sinuous;thetipbarely
outexpanded
blackened,
innerdististyleof mesalfaceof basistyle;
midlength
blackened
as conspicuous
appearing
gonapophyses
smooth;thesurface
wardly,platesor blades,thetipsobtuse.
about5.3-5.5mm.;wing,5.4-6mm.
c6. Length,
withscapeyellow,pedicelandand palpilightyellow.Antennae
Rostrumtheouterto short-oval,
subglobular
segments
brown;basal flagellar
flagellum
smaller.Head aboveyellow,thecenterof vertexand
fouror fivebecoming
eyesof malelarge.
occiputmoredarkened;
withthepale yellow.Mesonotalpraescutum
and pretergites
Pronotumobscureyellow,the disk withthreelightbrowninterspaces
veryrestrictedof thebroadcentral
cephalicportion
moreorlesspruinose;
thesurface
stripes,lightyellow;pseudoregionand lateralmargin
hlumeralmoreblackened;
stripesuturalfoveaedarkbrown;centralportionof scutumyellow,crossingthe
grayareas,
eachscutallobe withtwobrownish
sutureontothepraescutum;aparascutella
yellow,sparselypruinose,
one larger;scutellum
the anteriorgray,brownishvariegatedwitlhbrownon ventralportion;mediotergite
trifleyelyellow;pleurotergite
portions
half,the anterolateraldarkeron posterior
patPleurayellow,conspicuously
low, its ventralportionmoreinfuscated.
andventralsternopleurite
ternedwithbrown,especiallyon anepisternum,
yellow;meron.Halterespale yellow.Legs withthe coxae and trochanterstheamountsubequalon all legs;
infuscated,femorayellow;thetipsnarrowly
black,the basesless evibrownish
tibiaeobscureyellow,the tipsnarrowlyof tarsidarker.
dentlydarkened;basitarsiyellow,the tips and remainder
pale brownwitha restricted
Wings (Fig. 48) broad,grayishsubhyaline,
includingsmallspotsat originof Rs and Sc2; R2; tip of vein
pattern,
R+2, and overcordand outerend of cell Ist 'M?; broadbut less distinct
duskywashesin outerendsof bothAnal cells.Venation:Sc2 farfromtipof
thanveinR3; cell
Sc,, aboutoppositeoriginof Rs,thelattera littleshorter
to one-halfthanveinM4; m-cuaboutone-fourthshorter
1stMg closed,a trifle
fromdivergingits lengthbeforetheforkof M; vein2ndA nearlystraight,
thecellbroad.
sinuous,vein1stA, thetipbarely
obscureyellow,witha vague darkercentralstripe;
Abdominaltergites(Fig. 50) withcleareryellow.Male hypopygium
and hypopygium
stemites
witha smallblackon mesalfaceat nearmidlengthb, slender,
thebasistyle,ascabrous.Outer dististyle
its armsunequal,microscopicallyened furcula,butnotmuchlonger,
expandedlargerblade.Innerdististylescooplikeflattened
blackened,moreor less producedintotwo lobes,theirmargins
outwardly,
blackened
as conspicuous
Phallosome,p, withtheapoplysesappearingsmooth.
platesor blades,the tipsobtuseor subtruncate.
d6.
Paratopotype,June28,1945(G. F. Knowlton).
Holotype,6, Junction,
who
Hardy,
for
Dr.
D.
Elmo
this
distinct
to
name
fly
I am verypleased
oftheDipteraof theState.The
to ourknowledge
hasaddedmostmateriallyfromErioptera(Psiloconopa)angularis(Alexander,1917),
speciesdiffers
inof thebodyand wingsand in thevenation,in thedetailsof coloration

70

THE

AMERICAN

MIDLAND

39 (1)

NATURALIST

thecourseofvein2ndA andthewidthof thecell.The malehypopycludingin thetwoflies(Figs.49, 50).
gia arequitedifferent
1914.-HuntingtonCanyon,
Erioptera(Psiloconopa)lucia Alexander,
1, 1945 (Edmunds& Mulaik),1 6, 1?, cell 1stM2
6,000ft.,Septemberof mounsummit
Orangeville,of m in bothspecimens;
openbytheatrophy
6, 1945(K).
tainsto thewest,10,000ft.,September
orillustrated(Fig. 54) has not beenadequately
The malehypopygium
slender,
Innerdististyleoutwardly.
widelyexpanded
Outerdististyledescribed.
pointthatis bentat a rightangle
in a singleblackened
at apexterminating
as blackened
rods,justbeforeapexg, appearing
to theaxis.Gonapophyses,
ofapophybeaklike
spine;surface
lateradintoa strong
on innerfaceproduced
variesinteeth.The venation
theouterface,withmicroscopic
sis,especially

52~
56

53
d%~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

54

55

57

Alexander,venation;52.
Figs. 51-57. 51. Erioptera(Psiloconopa)neomexicana
sp. n., venation;53. Erioptera(Psiloconopa)
Erioptera(Psiloconopa)telfordi
malesinawavasp. n., venation;54. Erioptera(Psiloconopa)luciaAlexander,
male hypoAlexander,
55. Erioptera(Psiloconopa)neomexicana
hypopygium;
57. Eri(Psiloconopa)peagisp. n., malehypopygium;
pygium;56. Erioptera
sp. n.,malehypopygium.
optera(Psiloconopa)sinaawava
g, gonapophysis).
(Symbols: b, basistyle;d, dististyles;

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH71

being
the open or closedcell 1st M2, as discussedabove,bothconditions
aboutequallycommon.
Alexander,1929.-Beaver,along
Erioptera(Psiloconopa)manitobensis
in riveroverarvense
BeaverCreek,6,500ft.,sweptfrombedsof Equisetum
flowpools,June27, 1942;KanabCanyon,May 5, 1943 (K); ProvoRiver,May 5, 1943(K).
nearUtah Lake,July10, 1945(K & Telford);Rockville,
1919.-Beaver,8,000 ft.,
Alexander,
Erioptera(Psiloconopa)margarita
June27, 1942,August12, 1943 (K); BeaverCanyon,7,200 ft.,July12,
July15, 1945 (K); Maple Canyon,
1945(K & Telford);BeaverMountain,
June12, 1943 (K & Telford);Nephi,August14, 1943 (K & Maddock);
SevierRiver,at Hatch,June23, 1942;Zion NationalPark,WeepingRock,May 5, 1943(K), June21, 1942.
(Alexander,1943).-Sevier River,
Erioptera(Psiloconopa)megarhabda
thisas beingan Ormosiabut
considered
nearHatch,June23, 1942.I formerly
seems
the presentassignmentof the male hypopygium,
fromthe structure
morenearlycorrect.
1914.-Beaver,7,000ft.,
Alexander,(Psiloconopa)microcellula
Erioptera
June27, 1942;LoganCanyon,LodgeForestCamp,4,800ft.,June30, 1942;
MonteCristoCanyon,August25, 1938 (K & Hardy); Wolf CreekPass,
July24, 1945 (K)>.
August1929.-Richfield,
Alexander,(Psiloconopa)neomexicana
Erioptera
Salina,July11, 1943(K); Zion NationalPark,
unknown);
9, 1929 (collector
WeepingRock,June21-22,1942.
(Fig. 55) ofis shown(Fig. 51). Male hypopygium
The wingvenation
apicallybeyondthebases
b, notproduced
Basistyle,conformation.
distinctive
blade,at apex roundeda smallblackened
Outerdististyleof thedististyles.
obtusepointsor spicules;beforeapexon outer
withnumerous
and provided
theof approximately
erectspine.Innerdististylewitha conspicuous
marginouterportionwith
same length,pale or withthe apex weaklyinfuscated;weaksetae;outermarginbeforetheobtusetip witha low flange.
numerous
blade,thetipacute.
g, a simpleblackened
Gonapophysis,coloraErioptera(Psiloconopa) peayi sp.nov.-Alliedto lucia; generalbrowncenwitha broadgrayish
thepraescutum
yellow,reddishtionof thorax
thesuture;headgray;halteres
notreaching
behind,tralstripethatis narrowed
wingsgrayish
thetipsweaklydarkened;
and tibiaeyellow,
pale yellow;femora
yellow;cell1st M2 closed,small,thesecoindsectionof veinM1+2 onlyabout
withtheinnerdistimalehypopygium
as longas theoutersection;
one-fourth
intothreeblade,themarginproduced
in a nearlyglabrous
styleterminating
aslong,appearing
gonapophyses
spines,themostbasalone largest;
blackenedspinulae.
blackened
withabundant
horns,thesurface
blackenedstrong
6. Length,about 5 mm.;wing,5.5 mm.
black.Antennaedarkbrownthroughout;Rostrumyellow;palpibrownish
Head gray.
oval,withlongverticils.
segments
flagellar
verypale yellow.Mesonotumreddish
chieflyand pretergites
Pronotum
stripethatis narbrowncentrala broadgrayish
withthepraescutum
yellow,moreyellowed.
obsoletebeforethesuture;scutellum
becoming
rowedbehind,

72

THE

AMERICAN

MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

Halterespale yellow.Legs withthecoxae
Pleurareddishyellow,unmarked.
yellow;femoraand tibiaeyellow,thetipsweaklydarkened;
and trochanters
andyellow,theprearcular
black.Wingsgrayish
tarsipassingintobrownish
veinsbrownish
indicated;cleareryellow;stigmascarcely
costalfieldsslightly
fields.Venation:Cell 1stM, closed,small,yellowto yellowin thebrighter
as long as the outersection;thesecondsectionof M-1?2aboutone-fourth
beyondtheforkof M; Anal veinsdivergent,
its lengthm-cuaboutone-third
straight.
2ndA virtually
yellow.Maleand hypopygium
brown,the sternites
Abdominaltergites
withexpanded,moderately(Fig. 56) withthe outerdististyle
hypopygium
in aboutfourrowsat andspicules,arranged
elongateappressedblackened
withconspicuous
thebasalportion
elongate,
backfrommarginInnerdististylesomeverylong;outerhalfa morenearlyglabrous
palesetaeolnouterportion,
spines,themostbasal one
blade,themarginproducedintothreeblackened
as a stronghornthat
appearingg, long,blackened,largest.Gonapophysis,
spinulae;blackened
withabundant
totheacutetip,itssurface
narrows
gradually
withtheaxis,not bentlateradalignment
apicalpointin directlongitudinal
as in lucid.

EmeryCo., nearsummit,
Holotype,6, Mountainswestof Orangeville,
6, BeaverCanyon,
Paratype,
6, 1945(G. F. Knowlton).
10,000ft.,September
7,200ft.,July12, 1945 (G. F. Knowlton).
inKnowlton
W. E. Peay,whohas aidedProfessor
NamedforProfessor
Utah Tipulidae.The mostnearlyrelatedspeciesincludeErioptera
collecting
1914,
1930,E. (P.) lucia,Alexander,
Alexander,(Psiloconopa)bispinigera
conspicuously
1914,all of whichdiffer
Alexander,and E. (P.) microcellula
The singlemostnearlyrelatedof the male hypopygium.
in the structureof whichis shownforcomparispeciesappearsto be lucia,thehypopygiumson (Fig. 54).
genErioptera(Psiloconopa) sinawava sp. nov.-Alliedto dorothea;
well-defined
withfourrelatively
brownishgray,thepraescutum
eralcoloration
haltereslong,darkbrownthroughout;stripes;antennae(male) moderately
and weaklydarkened;pale yellow;femoraobscureyellow,the tipsnarrowly
gray,withbrownand brownish
patterned
gray,conspicuously
wingsyellowish
cell1st M2 unspurred,
beingthecostalseriesofmarkings;
patterntheheaviest
male
thebasalsectionof M3, vein2nd A almoststraight;
mnaboutone-halfthe outer halfa massivestructure,
witheach gonapophysis
hypopygium
toothed.
the mesalfaceconspicuously
heavilyblackened,
about4.5-5mm.;wing,5-6mm.
6 . Length,
long,darkgrayishpruinose;palpi black.Antennaerelatively
Rostrum
witha denseerectwhite
long-cylindrical,
segments
flagellar
brownthroughout;gray.
Head brownish
pubescence.
gray,brownishchieflyyellow.Mesonotum
obscuretestaceous
Pronotum
the humeralbrownstripes,
well-defined
withfourrelatively
thepraescutum
foveaeextensive,
yellow;pseudosutural
palingto obscureand lateralportions
pits black,againstthe ground;tuberculate
pale reddish,littleconspicuous
patterned
vaguelysclerites
levelwiththefoveae;posterior
lyingon a transverse

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH

73

of thescutallobesand
portions
theposterior
withobscureyellow,including
at thesuture
andpleurotergite
mediotergite
ofthescutellum;
thecaudalbordersclerites
theventral
yellow,yelloworbuffy
Pleuraobscureyellowed.
extensively
Halteresmeronandmetapleura.
sternopleurite,
theventral
iightgray,including
lightyellow;femora
obscurepale yellow.Legswiththecoxaeand trochantersthetipstibiaeobscureyellow,
and weaklydarkened;
thetipsnarrowly
yellow,
gray,conspic.
Wings (Fig. 53) yellowish
withthe tarsi,moreinfuscated.
gray;thedarkerspotsare costal
withbrownand brownish
uouslypatterned
as follows:Arculus;originof Rs; Sc,; cord;tip ofarrangedin distribution,
cloudsat endsof all veinsexcepting
R5 and M1+2; outerend
Rj; marginalin thegraywashes,especiallybrownislhof cell1stM2; palerand lessevident
areas.
in the patternedouterradialand anal cells; veinsyellow,darkened
Venation: Rs shorterthanvein R3; R2+3+4 subequal to or longerthan R2+3;
or less thebasal
m aboutone-halflong,unspurred,cell 1st M2 moderately
2nd A almoststraight.
sectionof M3; Anal veinsdivergent,

thecaudal
laterally,moredarkened
brown,
Abdomenbrownor yellowish(Fig. 57) withyellow.Male hypopygium
narrowlyof thesegments
borders
blades,eachwiththeouterdividedintobroadlyflattened
theouterdististylethebroadloweredgeyellow;nearnotchof thebladeswith
darkened,marginlargeand
thatincludesa strongspine.Innerdististyle
blackening
a furthersetae,some verylong.
providedwithnumerous
widenedoutwardly,
fleshy,the outerhalfheavily
g, appearingas a massivestructure,
Gonapophysis,very
denticles
theoutermost
toothed,themesalfaceconspicuously
blackened,
mass.
themorebasalonesfusedintoa flangelike
smalland appressed,
Holotype,c, Zion NationalPark,WeepingRock,4,500 ft.,June21,
1 c, withtype;1 e, September7,
1942(C. P. Alexander).Paratopotypes,
1943 (G. F. Knowlton).
name,sinawava,is thatof a god of the PaiuteIndiansin
The specific"The Templeof Sinawava",in Zion NationalPark.
Utah; compare
southern(Psiloconopa)dorothea
similarto speciessuchas Erioptera
generally
Although
Alexander,1914, and E. (P.) zukeliAlexander,1940,the presentflyis
I had formerlyof the male hypopygium.
in the structure
distinct
entirelyfromdistinct
IlisiaRondani,
1856,as beingsufficiently
thesubgenus
recognizedof newaccessions
1838,butin thelightof constantZetterstedt,
Psiloconopa
thetwonamesas sepspeciesit does notseemadvisableto tryto maintainbecomHoplolabisOstenSacken,1869is similarly
arategroups.Furthermore,
haveto be placed
and willprobably
to maintainingmoreand moredifficult
thepresent
Edwards,
As has beenpointedoutby Bergroth,in thesynonymy.
themany
andkeepseparate
to define
it is almostimpossible
andothers,
writerin theEriopteraria.
groupsthathavebeenrecognized
yellow,
Erioptera(Psiloconopa) telfordisp. nov.-Generalcoloration
two narrowlineson thepraewithbrown,including
patterned
restrictedly
black;
antennaewithscape and pedicelyellow,flagellum
scutalinterspaces;
verygradyellow,
femorabrownishpatterned;
thoracicpleuranotor scarcely
exceptfor
unpattemed
at tips;wingswhitish
subhyaline,
uallymoredarkenedof basal sectionof
darkerstigma;cell M2 openby theatrophy
theslightly

74

THE

AMERICAN

MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

2nd A
the forkof M; Anal veinsdivergent,M3; m-cuat or just before
withsegments
abdominal
narrow;
thecellrelatively
or evenlyconvex,
straight
yellow.
narrowlyborders
theposterior
about5 mm.;wings,5.2 mm.
y. Length,
and palpiyellow.Antennaewithscapeand pedicellightyellow,
Rostrum
Headsegment.
black;antennabrokenbeyondthe secondflagellar
flagellum
witha narrowdarkbrownyellowbehind;vertex
darkerlightyellowin front,
medianvitta.

lightyellowon sides.Mesonotal
gray,narrowly
lightbrownish
Pronotumbrown
onlyby conspicuous
lightgray,thestripesdifferentiatedpraescutum
endof eachterminattheanterior
halfof sclerite,on theposterior
interspaces
pitsblack,on a transfovea;tuberculate
ingat thelightbrownpseudosturalverselevelwiththefovea;scutallobeslightgray,themedianregionmoretesof eachlobewitha shortbrownmarkthatis ataceous;alongmesalportionof scutal
portions
posteriorof the prescutalinterspace;directcontinuation
yellow,weakly
of notumtestaceoussclerites
lobesclearlightyellow;posterior
partwithcephalichalf cleareryellow,the posteriorpruinose;mediotergite
unpatterned
pruinose,yellow.Pleurayellow,sparsely
darkened;
pleurotergite
andon the ventralsternopleurite
vague darkenings
exceptforexceedingly
pale yellow;
meron.Halterespale yellow.Legswiththecoxaeand trochanters
yellow,cleareryellowbasally,passingverygraduallyinto
femorabrownish
tarsipassingintoblack.Wings(Fig.-52)
brown
at thetips;tibiaelightbrown;no distinct
veryinconspicuous;
darker,thestigmaa trifle
whitishsubhyaline,
andon wing;veinspale brown,thosein the prearcularpatternelsewhere
Venation:Sc1 endingnearlyoppositetheforkof
costalfieldsmoreyellowed.
the lengthof Rs; R2?3?4
Rs, Sc2 farfromits tip,aboutoppositeone-sixthofR5; veinR3 gently
sinuous;cellthanthebasalsection
longeraboutone-half
beforeof basal sectionof M3; m-cuat or shortly
M2 openby theatrophy
or evenly
vein2nd A straightdivergent,
the forkof M; Anal veinsstrictly
narrow.
thecellrelatively
convex,centralmoreof a darker
stripe,withindications
yellow,
tergites
Abdominal
suffusion;and as a subterminalon the moreproximalsegments
extensive
conof tergites
borders
darkened;posteriorfiveand six lessevidently
tergites
theposterior
paler
narrowly
marginsyellow,lightyellow;sternites
spicuously
yellow.
5, Lakota,BearLake,July29, 1945 (G. F. Knowlton).
Holotype,
withProfessor
This speciesis namedforMr. P. E. Telford,associatedandstudyof tlheinsectfaunaof Utah.The nearest
in thecollection
Knowlton
1929,
Alexander,
relativeseemsto be Erioptera(Psiloconopa)neomexicana
It is believed
ofbodyandappendages.
in thedetailsofcoloration
whichdiffers
in thedifferencesof the male sex will revealfurther
thatthe discovery
hypopygia.
June17,
Erioptera(Hoplolabis)armataOstenSacken,1859.-Brigham,alongmargins
1938 (Hardy & Stains);Eden,June29, 1943 (K); Henefer,ofWeberRiver,June29, 1943(K), August30, 1943(K & Telford);KanesJune9, 1938(K & Hardy);Layton,ville,June12, 1937(Hardy); Kaysville,

ALEXANDER:

1948

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH75

at light,May 25, 1939 (K); Nephi, August 14, 1943 (K & Maddock);
Ogden, June12, 1945 (Harmston); Spanish Fork,May 2, 1936 (Hardy), atlight,June9, 1938 (K).
Erioptera (Hoplolabis) maria sp. nov.-Allied to bipartita;mesocoveringthedisk;wingsrestrictedly
withthestripesconfluent,notalpraescutum
patternedwith brown,the outer costal areas larger;cell 1st M2 completely
withthe gonadividedby the spuron basal sectionof M3; male hypopygium
pophysesappearingas black, gentlycurved smoothhorns,the tips acutely
pointed,at base of each major apophysiswith a small straightblack spine.
d6. Length,about 4.5 mm.; wing,5.5 mm.
Rostrumand palpi brownishblack.Antennaewithscape lightbrown,pedicel and basal threeor four flagellarsegmentsobscureyellow,the remainder
brown;basal flagellarsegmentsoval to long-oval,the outer ones more elongate. Head brownishgray.
obscurePronotumbrownishgray,the posteriorportionand the pretergites
yellow.Mesonotal praescutumwith the disk brownishgray,the threeusual
stripesbeing confluent,the humeral and lateral portionsobscure yellow;
pseudosuturalfoveaedark reddishbrown;scutumbrownishgray,witha capillary blackishmedian vitta; posteriorportionsof scutal lobes restrictedly

59
0dij
to ~Figs.
ei d~~~dod
58-62. 58. Erioptera
(Hop-

.Wf//

0g

~l

sp. n., vena~ ~ ~ idlolabis) ~tion, 59.maria
5 /J 1i,- id
Erioptera(Gono-

-

\L

69
60

i

r

myodes)sp. n.,*. /g \.knowltonia(Hes.venation;60.Erioptera,\<
dolichophallus
sp.
peroconopa)
61.
n., male hypopygium;
Erioptera(Hoplolabis)maria

sp. n., male hypopygium;

61 pygium.

62. Erioptera(Gonomyodes)
knowltonia
sp.n., malehypo-

md,intermediate
id, innerdististyle;dististyle;(Symbols:a, aedeagus;b, basistyle;p, phallosome).
og,outergonapophysis;
od,outerdististyle;

76

THE AMERICAN

MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

obscureyellow,vaguelymoredarkenedat base; medioyellow;scutellum
almostPleuraandpleurotergite
yellow.
gray,thesidesbroadly
brownishtergiteof a palerventralstripe,
mediumbrown,withfaintindications
uniformly
Haltereswithstemandmeralregion.
on thedorsalsternopleurite
mostevident
obscureLegswiththecoxaeand trochantersknobbrown.
yellow,yellow;outer
black.Wings (Fig. 59) withthe ground
passinginto brownish
segmentsbrownyellow;a conspicuous
regionclearer
theprearcularyellow,colorgrayish
a seriesof costaldarkenings.
includingmuchas in bipartita,arrangedpattern,cordand outerend of
thoseat cord,tipof R1+2and R3 largerand darker;h,smallerbrownspotsin mostpartsof wings,including
cell 1stMg darker;
veins,
originof Rs, Sc2, cell C abovetheoriginof Rs, endsof longitudinal
theveinsand membrane
and a seriesof smallspotsin cell CuL; elsewhere
withpAlerbrown,mostevidentin thelongitudinallymoreor less streakedof cellsR and 1stA and as seamsalongtheouterradialveins;veins
centers
cell
Venation:Much as in bipartita;
portions.
darkerin thepatterned
yellow,
dividedbythespurfromthebasalsectionofM3, forming
1st M2 completely
cells1stM2, 2ndM2 and 3rdM2; a shortspuron vein2ndA at neartwointocell2ndA.
juttingthelength,
thirdsaand hypopygium
segments
darkbrown,subterminal
Abdomenchiefly
od, black(Fig. 61) withtheouterdististyle,paler.Male hypopygium
triflethesurbroader,ened,dividedintotwooval lobes,theinnerone somewhat
by papillaein brokenrows;outerarmat tip
roughened
facemicroscopicallypale lobe,proid,a short-oval
setae.Innerdististyle,withseveralerectdelicate
Phallosome,setae,thestemglabrous.
p, withthemajor
videdwithnuamerous
as a black,gentlycurvedsmoothhorn,the tip acutely
appearing
apophysis
spine.
blackened
at itsbasewitha smallstraightpointed;Paratypes,
6?.
May 5, 1943(G. F. Knowlton).
Holotype,c, Rockville,
Lake,July20, 1936 (D. Elmo Hardy); Blacksmith
BeaverCanyon,Puffers
ForkCanyon,June12, 1938 (D. Elmo Hardy); Blanding,June10, 1939
Creek,7,200ft.,June28, 1943 (G. F. Knowlunknown);Currant(collector
1, 1945(EdmundsG Mulaik).
SeptemberReservoir,ton);Ferronin honorof Mrs. MaryW. Knowlton,is
namedcrane-fly
This interesting
speciesof Tipulidaein Utah. The most
severalinteresting
whohas collected
OstenSacken,1877,of the(Hoplolabis)bipartita
similar
speciesis Erioptera
particuof
themalehypopygium,thestructureinwhich
differs
States,Pacific
be notedthatcertainspeciesof theIt mayfurther
larlythegonapophyses.
havethegeneral
likewiseas E. (P.) zukeliAlexander,
Psiloconopa,
subgenus
muchthesameand serveto breakdowntheof the hypopygium
structurethesetwosubgenera.
betweensupposeddistinctionsnov.
Meigen;Hesperoconopa,subgenus
GenusErioptera
segments
flagellar
in length,16-segmented;
Antennaeshortto moderateorWingswithSc2 atrophiedprotuberant.
oval or withlowerfaceslightly
short,subequal
withveinSc1 unusuallywhenpresent
preserved,
veryfaintly
withR4, R2+2alignment
to r-mor less; Rs long; R2+3+4 in longitudinalat its origin;R1+2 elongate,exceedingor subperpendicularperpendicularalignment;
R2+3+4;innerendsof cellsR4, R5, 1st M2 and M4 in transverse
cell M2 open by the atrophyof m; Anal veins divergent.Male hypopygium

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH

77

theouterstylebearinga
apicalin position,(Fig. 60) withbothdististyles
surfaceof stylewith
lobe or branchon facebeforemidlength;
conspicuous
setulae;innerstyleon outersurfacewithconspicuousabundantmicroscopic
totheouterpairnarrowed
setae.Two pairsof gonapophyses,
erector retrorse
at apex.
thetips,theinnerpairacuteor spatulate1905):
aperta(Coquillett,(Hesperoconopa)
Typeofsubgenus.-Erioptera
WesternNearcticRegion.
Otherincludedspeciesare E. (H.) dolichophallussp. nov.,E. (H.)
1918.
Alexander,
1944;andE. (H.) pilipennis
Alexander,
melanderiof tiedistinctness
Therecan be no questionof at leastthe subgenericbytheshortveinSc1 and thebasic
group,whichis welldistinguishedpresent
All of the speciesthatI haveof themalehypopygium.
plan of structure
andthelarvae
streamsof mountainwerefoundcloseto themargins
collected
aquaticor subaquatic.
are presumably
Alexander,
1905) (mormon
aperta(Coquillett,Erioptera(Hesperoconopa)
1927).--BearLake,nearGardenCity,June30, 1942;LoganCanyon,5,500
Mt. Timpanogos,
ft.,June23, 1926 (J. G. Needham),typesof mormon;
July26, 1945 (K).
Erioptera(Hesperoconopa) dolichophallussp.nov.-Size small(wingwitha singleblackisn
gray,thepraescutumcoloration
about4 mm.); generalmalehypopyin cellsor withtheseveryrestricted;
trichiawingswithout
stripe;blackeneda slender
innergonapophysis
narrow;
giumwiththeinnerdististylefarbeyondthegonapophyses,
extendingrod,thetipacute;aedeaguselongate,
expanded.
thebase conspicuously
about1-1.1mm.
about3.7-3.8mm.;wing,4-4.2mm.;antenna,c . Length,
about5 mm.;wing,4-4.2mm.
?.. Length,
long;moderately
and palpi black.Antennaeblackthrougnout,
Rostrum
passinginto
the outerones shorter,subcylindrical,
segments
basal flagellar
oval.Head darkgray.
gray.Mesonotumplumbeousgray,the praescutum
brownishPronotumpale
Pleuragray.Halteresuniformly
medianstripe.
witha singlebroadblackish
cleareryellow;
yellow;trochanters
yellow.Legs withthe coxae brownish
more,thencepassinginto
femoraobscureyellowon basal thirdor slightly
witha graynarrow,black;tibiaeand tarsiblack.Wingsrelatively
brownishthoseat base paler.
veinsbrown,
ish tinge,thestigmaverypoorlyindicated;to oneor twoscatteredor withtheserestricted
trichia
Cellsof wingswithout
R3, 1stA and2ndA. Venation:Sc1 ending
setaein theoutercells,especiallythanfromitstip,Sc1 aloneshorter
theforkofRs,Sc2 a shortdistancebeyondof m.
r-m;cellM2 openbytheatrophy
erectpale setae;hvpopywithconspicuous
Abdomenblack,graypruinose,(Fig. 60) withthelaterallobuleof theMale hypopygium
giumlightbrown.
id, narrow,
Innerdististyle,broad-based.
slender,od, relatively
outerdististyle,as a slenderappearingthe innermarginnotproduced.Innergonapophysis
microscopto theacutepoint,themargin
graduallyrodthatnarrows
blackened

78

THE

AMERICAN

MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

farbeyondthegonapophyses,
Aedeagus,a, long,extending
icallyroughened.
expanded.
thebaseconspicuously
Holotype,d', GreenMountainFalls,Ute Pass,Colorado,8,000ft.,June?. Paratopotypes,
Allotopotype,26, 1934(C. P. Alexander).
dc?; paratypes,
cd?, Beaver,Utah,8,000ft.,June26, 1942 (C. P. Alexander);KentsLake,
NorthForkof ProvoCanyon,
BeaverMt.,July12, 1945(G. F. Knowlton);
Utah (D. ElmoHardy).
of theReadilytoldfromtherelatedspecieslistedaboveby thestructure
andtheelongate
innergonapophyses
thepointed
particularly
malehypopygium,
aedeagus.
nov.
Meigen;Gonomyodessubgenus
GenusEriopterain thedetailsof venation
especiallydifferingas in Gonempeda,
Characters
Wings (Fig. 59) withSc long,Sc1of themalehypopygium.
and structure
onlya shortdistanceendingbeyondforkof Rs, Sc2 faintbut apparently
itslargeand sprawly,
fromthetip of Sc1; cell R3 Gonomyia-like,removedinnerend acute,R2 a littlemorethan one-halfR2+3; Rs elongate,subequaI in
lengthto the distal sectionof R5; cell 1st M2 closed, m-cuabout one-third

Male hypopygium
its lengthbeyondthe forkof M; Anal veinsdivergent.
d, allat apex;threedististyles,b, notproduced(Fig. 62) withthebasistyle,of peculiarshape,as figured,,the outertwoblackened,in position,
terminal
spine;intermediate
retrorse
intoa long,slightly
at apexproduced
theoutermost
peg;innerstyleonlyabout
blackened
intoa cylindricalstyleat apexproduced
at tip,thebaseswith
pale,moreorlesscultriform
as longas theothers,
one-half
unlesstheseare
apophyses
setae.No well-defined
severallong conspicuoussideofthep, on either
cushions,
hairyphallosomic
byconspicuous
represented
aedeagus.
slender
Type of subgenus.-Erioptera(Gonomyodes) knowltoniasp. nov.:
WesternNearcticRegion.
Gospeciesof thesubgenus
thepresent
flymost resembles
Superficially,of themale hypopygium
1924,but fromthestructurenempedaAlexander,asto thisgroup,nor to the otheralliedsubgenera,
it cannotbe referred
Lioy,Rossi,1848,or EmpedaOstenSacken,1869 (Platytoma
Cheilotrichia
1863).
Eriptera (Gonomyodes) knowitonia sp. nov.-General coloration
wingspalegraystripes;
evident
clearly
withoutgray,thepraescutum
brownishSc2 faint
pale and indistinct;
darker;veinsrelatively
ish,thestigmafaintly
fromthetipof Sc_;cellR3 Gonomyia-like,
onlya shortdistancebutevident,
its
acutelypointedat innerend; cell 1st M2 closed,m-cuaboutone-third
all terwiththreedististyles,
lengthbeyondtheforkof M; malehypopygium
the two outerstylesblackenedand of peculiarand disminalin position,
lobesdenselyhairy.
phallosomic
conformation;
tinctive
about4.5 mm.;wing,4.8 mm.
c<. Length,
brown;palpi darkerbrown.Antennaedarkbrownthroughout;Rostrumin length.
thesegments
exceedingof flagellum
scapeandpedicellarge;verticils
Head gray.

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOMDEA OF UTAH

79

Meverypale yellow,conspicuous.
gray;pretergites
Pronotumbrownish
pseudogray,withoutclearlyevidentstripes,
brownishconotalpraescutum
againsttheground;evident
largebutscarcely
relatively
foveaereddish,suturalthelevelof thecephalicbetweenpitsblack,placedaboutmidway
tuberculate
foveae,separatedfromone anotherborderand thepseudosuturalpraescutalof notumsclerites
posterior
aboutequal to theirowndiameter;
by a distancea littlemoretestaceous.
portionof scutellum
gray,the posterior
brownishwithoutsetae. Haltereswithstemwhitish,
gray,entirely
Pleura brownish
brown;trochanters
Legswiththecoxaepale testaceous
darkened.
knobweakly
Wings (Fig.
of legs yellow,brokenbeyondthe basitarsi.
yellow;remainderand costal
prearculardarker;tinge,tlhestigmafaintly59) witha pale grayish
againsttheinconspicuous
veinspale, relatively
moreyellowed;
fieldsa trifle
on veinsbeyondcordand on distalendsof primaryground.Macrotrichia
veinsbasadof cord,mostnearlylackingon 1stA. Venation:As givenunder
diagnosis.
thesubgenericMale hypopygium
moreyellowish.
thehypopygium
Abdomenpalebrown,
underthesubgenus.
(Fig. 62) as described& D. R.
Holotype,6, Mt. Nebo, August14, 1943 (G. F. Knowlton
Maddock).
flyformygood
I takeverygreatpleasurein namingthisverydistinct
partourto whomwe owe in greatest
GeorgeF. Knowlton,
Professor
friend,of theTipulidaeof Utah. This smallobscureknowledge
satisfactoryoresent
it mucnresembles
speciesof theinterest.
Superficiallyflyis of exceptional
1924,(Gonempeda)burraAlexander,
suchas Erioptera
subgenus
Gonempeda,
distincttype
Alexander,
1943,butis an entirelyand E. (G.) yellowstonensis
withanyothersin our fauna.
thatcannotwellbe confused(Alexander,1916).-Bluff,Auempedoides
Erioptera(Empedomorpha)gust 30, 1942 (K & Peay); GreenRiver,April23, 1943 (K & Wood);
6, 1943 (K); Moab, August21, 1942 (K & Peay);
Hurricane,
September
May 5, 1943(K); SpanRockville,
underwillowshadealongtheVirginRiver,
ishFork,at light,June9, 1938 (K); Ten Mile,EscalanteDesert,June1936
of PriceRiver,June14, 1945
(Tanner);Woodside,in wetareaalongmargin(Amer.
ofthisinteresting
flyis givenelsewhere(K). A moredetailedaccountMidl. Nat., 35: 527-529;1946).
1787).-Benjamin,June21, 1945
Erioptera(Trimicra)pilipes(Fabricius,
August5, 1943
June28, 1945 (K); Brigham,(K & Telford);Bloomington,
August26, 1942 (K);(K); Callao,August7, 1945 (K); East Promontory,
Leeds,August8, 1942 (K & Peay); Ogden,October13, 1945 (Harmston);
May 18, 1944,
St. George,May 18, 1944,June28; 1945 (K); Washington,
Jtne27-28,1945 (K).
Erioptera(Symplecta)cana (Walker,1848) (hybridaand punctipennis.-AmericanFork,June15, 1937(Hansen); Avorin earlier
literature)
records
Canyon,July24, 1942 (K); BearLake, Ideal Beach,July18, 1945 (K);
BearRiverCity,June12, 1945 (K); Beaver,May 16, 1945,June27, 1945
June10, 1938(K), June16,(K), July11, 1945(K & Telford);Beaverdam,

80

THE

AMERICAN

MIDLAND

NATURALIST

39 (1)

1945 (Telford); Benjamin,June21, 1945 (K & Telford); Benson,June23,
1945 (K & Nye), July5, 1943 (K & Telford); Bothwell,June 22, 1938
(D. E. & A. T. Hardy); Brigham,June 24, 1944 (W'ood); BrighamCanyon, August 1, 1942 (K); Cache Junction,
April 27, 1938 (K & Hardy);
Callao, August 7, 1945 (K); Cedar City, May 28, 1938 (K & Sargent);
Clarkston,April 8, 1938 (K & Hardy); Corinne,May 24, 1945 (K); Cornish, May 31, 1938 (Hardy); Cove, April 27, 1938 (K & Hardy);
Draper, May 10, 1939 (K); Eden, June4-8, 1938 (K & Hardy); Elberta,
June2, 1938 (Hansen); Fairfield,
August 10, 1942 (K & Peay); Fish Springs,
August 8, 1945 (K); Gandy, August 8, 1945 (K); Garfield,May 25, 1945
(K); Garland, June 10, 1938 (K & Hardy); Hatch, June 28, 1945 (K),
August 9, 1942 (K & Peay); HuntingtonCanyon,September1, 1945 (Edmunds); H-untsville,
June 14, 1938 (K & Stains); Hurricane,September7,
1943 (K); Hyde Park,June4-13, 1938 (Hardy & Stains); Hyrum,June6,
1938 (Hardy); Junction,June 28, 1945 (K); Kanab Canyon, May 5, 1943
(K); Kanesville,June 16, 1937 (Hardy); Koosharem,July 10, 1943 (K &Telford); Lehi, May 10, 1945 (K); Lewiston,April 7, 1938 (K & Hardy);
Liberty,May 21-June4, 1938 (K & Harmston); Loa, July3, 1938 (K &Harmston); Logan, April 20-September26, 1938 (K & Hardy); Logan
Canyon,June30, 1942,July4, 1945 (K), August 7, 1938 (Hardy); Magna,
June30, 1945 (K); Midway,August 14, 1943 (K & Maddock); Mill Creek
Canyon,June24, 1938 (K & Hardy); Mt. Nebo, August 14, 1943 (K &Maddock); Nibley,July28, 1938 (K & Harmston); Ogden, April 24, 1943
(K & Maddock), May 25, 1939 (K), June 12, 1945 (Harmston); Payson,
April 22, May 8, 1938 (K); Pleasant Grove,June22, 1937 (K & Hansen);
Providence,July28, 1938 (K & Nye); Richfield,June28, 1945 (K); Richmond,June17, 1938 (K & Nye); Roy,June16, 1945 (K); St. George,May
22, 1919 (collectorunknown);Salem, September18-23,1943 (K); Salt Lake
City, June10, 1945 (Edmunds & Mulaik), August 21--September
21, 1939(Rees); SardineCanyon,May 24, 1938 (Hardy); Scipio, May 31, 1945 (K);Slaterville,June16, 1945 (K); Spanish Fork,June8, 1938 (K); August 10September21, 1943 (K); Syracuse,June 10, 1938, July16, 1939 (K); Mt.
Timpanogos,July26, 1945 (K); Tooele, August 22, 1937, on goldenrod(Hansen); Virgin, May 18, 1944 (K); Wellsville,June 14, 1938 (Hardy& Stains), August 10, 1938 (K & Harmston); Wolf Creek Pass, 9,400 ft.,July24, 1945 (K), Woodland,July24, 1945 (K); Woodruf,July24, 1943 (K& Maddock); Zion National Park, near Zion Lodge, May 5, 1943 (K).
Erioptera(Erioptera) septemtrionis
Osten Sacken, 1859.- AmericanFork
Canyon,July26, 1945 (K); Bear Lake, Ideal Beach, August 13, 1939 (K &Harmston); Brigham,June 17, 1938 (Hardy & Stains); Eden, August 30,
1943 (K & Telford) ; Ephraim Canyon, near summit,September6, 1945
(K); Garden City, August 10, 1939 (K & Harmston), August 21, 1942
(K, Roberts& Wood); Hayden, May 23, 1945 (K & Harmston); Heber,August 14, 1935 (K & Maddock); Honeyville,June 16, 1945 (K); Huntsville, August 21, 1942 (K, Roberts& Wood); Little Valley, near Vernon
Creek,June18, 1943 (K); Logan, at light,August 3-September
30, 1938 (K,Hardy & Nye); Logan Canyon,June 18, 1945 (K), June30, 1942; Medon,

1948

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF UTAH

81

August 1, 1942 (K); Midway,August 14, 1943 (K & Maddock); Oakley,
August 15, 1943 (K & Maddock); Ogden, June 12, 1945 (Harmston);
Provo (Hardy); SoldiersSummit,September16, 1943 (K); Mt. Timpanogos,
Glacier Lake (Hardy); Wolf Creek Pass, near summit,July24, 1945 (K);
Woodland, July24, 1945 (K).
Erioptera (Erioptera) villosa Osten Sacken, 1859 (dilatata Alexander,
1924).-Bear Lake, near Ideal Beach, July 18, 1945 (K); Beaver,July11,
1945 (K & Telford); Kamar, July24, 1945 (K); Laketown,July 12, 1938
(K & Harmston); Lakota, at meadowedge, July24, 1943 (K & Aladdock);
Logan Canyon, June9, 1943 (Maddock); Peoa, July24, 1945 (K); Providence,July2, 1943 (Telford); Provo, July10, 1945 (K & Telford).
Erioptera(Mesocyphona) calopteraSay, 1823.-Glendale, July 9, 1943
(K & Telford); Leeds, June27, 1945 (K); Washington,June27, 1945 (K).
Erioptera (Mesocyphona) distinctaAlexander, 1912.-Alton, June 28,
1945 (K); Amalga, May 30, 1944 (K & Stoddard); Bear RiverCity,June
12, 1945 (K); Beaver,June27, 1945 (K), July11, 1945 (K & Telford);
Brigham,May 27-June17, 1938 (Hardy & Stains); Charleston,August 14,
1943 (K & Maddock); Duchesne River,westfork,July24, 1945 (K); Echo,
July24, 1945 (K); Eden, June29-August30, 1943 (K & Telford); Ferron
Reservoir,September1, 1945 (Edmunds & Mulaik); Grover,August 20,
1939 (K & Harmston); Heber, August 14, 1943 (K & Maddock); Henefer,June29, 1942, July24, 1945 (K); Honeyville,June 16, 1945, July31, 1942
(K); Hooper, September3, 1937 (Hardy); Huntsville,June9, 1938 (K &dStains); Hyde Park, June 11-13, 1938 (Hardy & Stains); Hyrum,June 6,1938 (Hardy); Kamar,July24, 1945 (K); Kanab,May 9, 1939 (K e Stains);
Kanosh, June27, 1945 (K); Kaysville,June9, 1938 (K & Hardy); Lakota,
July24, 1943,July29, 1945 (K); Leeds, August8, 1942 (K & Peay); Leeton,
July25, 1945 (K); Logan, August 3, 1938 (K & Hardy); Logan Canyon"
June30, 1942; Mantua, August 1, 1942, September4, 1943 (K); Midway,
August 14, 1943 (K & Maddock); Moab, June13, 1945, September16, 1943
(K); Monte Cristo,August 12, 1943 (K & Maddock); Mt. Nebo, July25,
1942, August 14, 1943 (K); Nephi, June29, 1945, August 14, 1943 (K);Ogden, July22, 1942 (K); Salt Lake City, April 14, 1934 (Rees), June
10, 1945 (Edmunds & Mulaik), June 13-August21, 1939 (Rees); Smithfield,June4, 1938 (Hardy); Spanish Fork,June 14-19,1936 (Hardy), September16-23,1943 (K); Starr,June29, 1945 (K); Three-Lakes,along Kanab
Creek,August 9, 1942 (K & Peay); Mt. Timpanogos,July26, 1945 (K);
Wanship, August 15, 1943 (K & Maddock); Washington,June 27, 1945
(K); Wellsville,July21, 1942 (K); Wolf Creek Canyon,9,400 ft.,July24,
1945 (K); Zion National Park, Weeping Rock, June 21-22, 1942 (M. M.
Alexander),July9, 1943 (K & Telford).
Erioptera (Mesocyphona) dulcis Osten Sacken, 1877.-Logan Canyon,
at light,July23, 1945 (K).
Erioptera(Mesocyphona) eiseniAlexander,1913.-Brigham Canyon,August 1, 1942 (K); Mantua, August 1, 1942 (K); Moab, September15, 1943

82

THE AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST

39 (1)(K); Provo,June8, 1935 (K & Nye), August 3, 1945 (K); Salt Lake City,
August 30, 1945 (K); Zion National Park,4,500 ft.,June21-22, 1942, June
28, 1945 (K).
1888.-Allen Canyon,July24,
Molophilus(Molophilus) colonusBergroth,1943 (K & Maddock); Alton, June 28, 1945 (K); Beaver,June 27, 1945(K), July11, 1945 (K & Telford); BrighamCanyon,September4-13, 1943
(K); Clinton,May 26, 1939 (K); Coalville,July24, 1945 (K); Devils Slide,
Weber Canyon,July24, 1945 (K); Echo, July24, 1945 (K); Eden, June23,
1938 (Hardy & Stains), June29, 1943 (K); Garden City, August 5, 1939
(K); Henefer,June29, 1943 (K & Telford),July24, 1945 (K); Hoytsville,
July24, 1945 (K); Layton,May 25, 1939 (K); Logan, at light.July26, 193&
(K, Hardy & Stains); Logan Canyon,June30, 1942; Mantua, September4,
1943 (K); Monte Cristo,August 12, 1943 (K &dMaddock); Ogden Canyon,
August 5, 1939 (K); Provo, June5, 1944 (K); Salt Lake City, City Creek
Canyon,June30, 1945 (K); Soldiers Summit,June25, 1943 (K); Spanish
Fork, June 8, 1936 (Hardy); Wolf Creek Canyon, July 24, 1945 (K);
Woodland, July24, 1945 (K); Zion National Park,June21-22,1942.
Molophilus (Molophilus) harrisoniAlexander,1945.-Devils Slide, Weber River,fromgrassybanks,June29, 1943 (K & Telford); Echo, June29,
1943 (K & Telford) July24, 1945 (K); Henefer,June 29, 1943 (K &Telford).
Molophilus (Molophilus) perflaveolusAlexander,1918-Logan Canyon,
Lodge ForestCamp, 4,800 ft.,June30, 1942 (M. M. Alexander).
Molophilus (Molophilus) spiculatusAlexander, 1918.--AmericanFork
Canyon,July26, 1945 (K); ArchesNational Monument,September16, 1943
(K); Beaver Canyon, PuffersLake, June 6, 1936 (Hardy); Brigham,June
16, 1938 (Hardy & Stains); BrighamCity,May 25, 1945 (Harmston); Eden,
July1, 1937 (Hardy); Fish Lake, July10, 1943 (K & Telford); Hooper,
August 9, 1937 (Hardy); Logan, July 17, 1938 (Hardy); Logan Canyon,
5,200 ft.,June30, 1942, SpringHollow, August 5, 1943 (Maddock); Ogden,
July 3, 1937 (Hardy); Provo (Hardy); Mt. Timpanogos, July 26, 1945
(Harmston); Wolf Creek Canyon,July24, 1945 (K).