Reprinted

from

Bur,r,nrrN oF THE BRooKr,rrN Emromolocrcrlr,
Voi. XXII, No. 1, pp. 56-64. Febluaty, 7927

Sotrrr,:r,r,,Lt'cb.,
1ei!7 Bulletin of the Brooltlyn Entomological, Society

57

Subgenus Epner.re Schiner.
UNDE S CRIBE D
S PE C IE S OF T H E GE N U S LIM_
NOPHILAFROM EASTERN NORTH AMERICA(Tipulidae, Diptera).
Penr II.
By Cuenres P. Ar-rxnNDER, Amherst, Mass.l
The first part under this generai title was published in thisBurtnux in t926. In the present article, additional speciesof
the subgenera Ephelia and Phylidorea are described. As bcforc,
the species are included in the very extensive series of Nearctic
Tipulidae collected by Professor J. Speed Rogers, to whom thetypes have been returneti :xcept in the casesindicated in the text.
Part of the type-material of Litnnophila (Ephelia) i,rene was collected in Ontario and was sent to me by Mr. Curran. I wish to
express my sincere thanks and appreciation to the above-mentioned entomologists for their kind co-operation in this study.
Subgenus Lesror,rRsrrx Osten Sacken.
Limnophila(Lasiomastix)

macrocera suffusa n. subsp.

Entirely siiltar to typical ?ne.crocera(Say), differing in thefollowing r ega rd s :Flagellar segments slightly more elongated. Wings withthe dark pattern much more extensive, especially the markings in cells R and M which here completely cross the cells
as more or less parallel-sided areas, restricting the groundcolor to smail spots that are smaller than the dark markings;
cells C and Sc darker; anal cells more suffused. In the
Georgia paratype, the wing is greatly suffused, the groundcolor being reduced to a few scattered pale spots on the disk.
Abdomen somewhat shorter, the individual segments being
correspondingly abbreviated; tergites brown, margined laterally and caudally with brownish black.
Habitat : Southeastern United States.
Holotyfe, 6, Gainesville, Alachua Co., Florida, February 28,
rgzz (!. S. Rogers); No. r7. Paratopotype, t, with the tlpe;
3, April 2, rg22; No. 39. Paratype, ?, Waycross, Georgia,
M ay 8, r gr t ( J . C . R ra d l e y ).
l Contribution from the Department of Entomology, Maqsachusetts Agricultural College.

The discovery of two additional undescribed speciesoL Ephelia
brings the total number from Eastern North America to six.
The chief characters for the separation of the species lie in thedetails of structure of the male hypopygium, especially of theouter dististyle. The accompanying set of figures will serve toshow the differences in the shape of the dististyle in the six species under consideration.
Kay ro rHE SpECTESoF E,prrELrArN EASTERNNoRTH Auanrce.
(Based chiefly on the male sex.)I.

Wings unmarked. (Hypopygium, Fig. r). ... johnsoni Alex.
Wings spot t ed,or spot t edand clouded wit h br own . . . . . . - . 22

Wing-pattern restricted to the vicinity of the veins, there
being but a single dark cloud in cell znd A at the end of.......3
veinzndA. . . .
Wing-pattern more abundant, there being one or more darkclouds in cell znd. A proximad of the one at the end of. . . . .. .. .4
vein zn, d A.
Wings broad; male hypopygium with the outer dististyle powerfully constructed, r,r'ith a large, broad-based lobe on thebasal half of t he out er m ar gin ( Fig. 2) . . . . . apr ilina O . S.
lVings narrower; male hypopygium with the outer dististylelong and narrow, with a slender spinous lobe on outer half
irene n. sp.
of outer margin (FiS. f )lVing-pattern abundant, with numerous dots and clouds inthe cells, including a series of three or four clouds in cell
znd A; male hypopygium with the outer dististyle widened
distally (Fig. S)
vernata n. sp.
Wing-pattern more restricted, with only one (in abnormal
instances two) clouds in the outer end of cell znd A; malehypopygium with the outer dististyle narrowed distally. . .5
Male hypopygium with the tip of the outer dististyle prolonged
into a slender lobe that is bifid at apex (Fig.4).

M;i";yp"pysil,'*iir,*," ."t", dir;il;i;;::fil3t{lLif";
simple acute apical spine (F-ig. 6). ... ... serotinella Alex.

The following general notes on the geographical and seasonalranges of these speciesmay be given: L. johnsoni occurs in Ontario, New York and the northern States of New England, flyingBullelin of the Brooklyn Entom.ologicalSociety vot' )'xII
in late May and throughout June. L. aprilina ranges from New
York and New England, south in the mountains to North Carolina, flying in April and Mav. L. irene is known only from partsof Ontario and Michigan, flying from mid-June to mid-Juiy.
L. vernata is known only from the mountains of North Carolina,
flying in April.
L. solstitiali.shas the widest known range of anyof the species,occurring from New York and New lingland, west
to Michigar-r,south in the Appalachians to Tennessecand Georgia.
L. serot'inello is knon''n onlv from the mountains of Tennessee,
flying in early September.
Limnophila (Ephelia) irene n. sp.
il'Iale.-Length about 5.5 mm.; wing, 6-6.2 mm.
Female.-Length, 5.5-6.5 mm.; wing, 7.5-8.5 mm.
Allied to L. (8.) aprilina O. S., differing as follows:Praescutal stripes relatively ill-delimited, straight, theiaterai stripes not confluent with the median one; scutal
lobes dark medially, the rernainder of the mesonotum lightgray. Pleura dark gray. Femoral apices scarcely darkened. Wings narrow. \Ving-pattern as in aprilina, sparse
but conspicuous, confined to the vicinitl' of the veins; aseriesof seven major costal blotches,the first at arculus, thethird at origin of Rs, the fifth at the stigma; last marginal
cloud at end of vein znd, A.
Abdominal segmentsbicolorous, obscure 1'ellow, the lateral
margins narrowly, the caudal margins more broadly, darkbrown. Male hvpopygium with the outer dististyle relatively long ancl narroiv (Fig S);outer margin beyond micllength with a small slender spinous lobe; apex of style beyond this spine broad, the outer margin with numerous snbappressed spines, the largest spine being apical in position,
gently culvecl. Inner dististyle rvith a small tubercle on
nrlter nrargin, this densely plovided r.vith long yellor'r,setae.
H ahi.tat: Ontario, Michigan.
Ilolotype, 6, 11. K. \\/arren Preserve, Berrien Co., Michigan,
J uly 17, r g2o ( J . S . R o g e rs ); N o . 6 9 . A l l o t opotype, 9, N o. 68.
Paratopotype.r,numerous 6 9 , July 7-t8, rgzo; Nos. 16, 18,
2 0, 22, 29, 43, 5 r, 5 4 a n d 6 8 ; J u l y g , rg z z ; N o. 8o. P aratype,
6 , B ot hwell, O n ta ri o , J u n e 1 3 , r9 2 S (G . S . W al l ey), i n the
Canadian National Collection.
This very interesting crane-fly is named in honor of Mrs. J.
Speed Rogers.

[t:b., 1!)27 Bulletin of tlue Brooltlyn Entomologicat Societg
LimnophilaiI(Ephelia) vernata n. sp.

Size srnall (wing under 6 mm.) ; wings with an abundant
spotted and clouded pattern, including a series of pale clouds
along the length of cell znd A; male hypopygium with theouter dististyle compressed,gently widened distally, broadest
just before the tip.
M ale.-Length, 4-4.3 mm. ; wing, 5-5.5 mm.
Female.-Length, 5,3 mm.; wing, 5.8 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark. Antennae relatively long, scapedark brown; flagellum obscure yellow, especially the basal
segments; in cases the flagellum is more uniformly darker
yellowish brown. Head dark brownish gray.
Mesonotal praescutum gray, variegated with narrow brown
stripes and a few dots on the interspaces, the sublateral
stripes narrowly confluent with the intermediate stripes behind the pseudosutural foveae; lateral stripes occupying themargins of the sclerite. Pleura gray, variegated with brown.
Halteres yellow, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxae
gray, variegated with brown; trochanters obscure yellow;
femora obscure yellow, the tips narrowly and indistinctly
darkened; tibiae and tarsi brownish yellow, the outer tarsal
segmentsdarker. Wings subhyaline, abundantly spotted andclouded with brown; a seriesof two or three clouds between
the one at h, and the large mark at the tip of Sc, the secondof these markings at the origin of Rs, the third mark sometimes lacking; largest costal marking the stigmal blotch, confluent with the markings at the fork of R, *abundant pale"ibrown spots and dots in all the cells, including
a series offour or five in cell znd I ; veins darker brown. Venation:
Sc, ending just before the fork of Rs;Rs long, in alignment
with R, * ,; r less than its own length beyond the fork of
R, * ,i cell A,[, about as long as its petiole.
Abdomen reddish brown, the caudal margins of the segments darker brown, the hypopygium somewhat brighter.
Male hypopygium with the outer dististvle (Fig. 5) about
as in Z. (8.) serotinella b:ut gently widened distally, broadest opposite the level of the subapical spine; subapical spine
slender, straight; apical spine a little stouter and gently
cLlrveo.
Hahitat : North Carolina.
Holo\,pe, 6, Guilford College, Guilford Co., April 15, rgr8
(j. S. Rogers) ; No. 46. Allotoltotype, I . Paratopotypes,
2 6 3.

Btr,lletin of the Brooklyn l,)ntomological,Society

Feb.,1027 Bulletin of th"eBrooklyn Entomologicul Society

vot. xxII

AIr;vein znd A strongly sinuous;anterior arculus preserved.
Abdominal segments brownish black, the caudal margins
narrowly paler. Ovipositor and genital segment orange;
tergal valves of ovipositor elongated, rather strongly upcufved.
Habdat: Florida.

Limnophila aernata is one of the smallest species of the subgenus so far discovered. In its abundant dotted wing-pattern,
the fly bears a superlicial resemblance to Dicranophraqma.
Subgenus Pnvuoonea Bigot.
Limnophila(Phylidorea)

epimicta n. sp.

Generai coloration of the thorax shiny redclish brown. thepraescutumwith a narrow dark brown median vitta; pleura
largely dark brown; antennaebrownish yellow; legs yellow;
wings tinged with brown, the veins seamed with darker
brorvn; a sparse spotted dark brown pattern, especialll'evident on the cephalic portion of the wing.
Fentale.-Length about ro mm.; wing, ro.3 mm.
Rostrum brown, the palpi dark brown. Antennae obscure brorvnish yellov,r throughout; basal segment of scaperelatively short; basal flagellar segments larger, the outer
segments linear; verticils relatively conspicuous, much exceeding the segments. Head brown, somewhat pollinose.
Mesonotal praescutum shiny dark reddish brown with anarrow dark brown median vitta; lateral stripes indistinct;
scutum dark reddish brown; scutellum brownish testaceous,darker medially; postnotum dark reddish, pruinose medially.
Pleura generally dark brown, this color more evident as atransverse girdle on the anepisternum and sternopleurite, thepteropleurite paler. I{alteres obscure yellow. Legs withthe coxae obscure 1lello'u,',
the fore coxae darker; trochantersobscure yellow; remainder of legs yellow, the extreme tipsof the femora and the terminal tarsal segments darker.
\\rings with a strong brownish tinge, especialll' on the basal
third, the costal region and wing-base brighter yellorn'; longitudinal veins conspicuously seamed with darker brown; alongitudinal obliterative line in cell R, crossing cell rst M,
into cell ,41.; small, still darker bror,r'nspots at origin of Rs;
S c r ; along c o rd a n d o u te r e n d o f c e l l rs t IV ,;I fork of R r* ri
ancl the tip of R, including also r; the trvo last-describedspots form the two ends of the otherwise yellow stigma; tipsof veins Rr, R, and R* , with brorvn spots; veins dark"brown, C and R paler, Sc light yellow. Venation: Sc relatively short, Sc, ending just beyond the fork of Rs, Sc, at
its tip ; .Rs relatively short, angulated and indistinctly spurredat origin i R, * , short, approxirnately equal in length to theslightly more arcllated basal deflection of Rn * ,; r at tip ofR, antl near midlength of the sinuous R.; cell h[, a little
longer than its petiole ; tn-crt beyond midlength of cell z.if

61

Holotype, I , IJniversity of Florida F'arm, Alachua Co., April
12, 1922, at light (Musselwhite). Sent by Professor Rogers.
Lim.noph.ilaepim,ictais an isolated speciesthat seemsto be correctly placed in the subgenus Phylidorea. The wing-pattern isdifferent from any speciesof the genus known to the writer.
Limnophila

I(Phylidorea)

osceola n. sp.

Size small (wing under 7 mm.); legs obscure brownish
yellorv, the terminal tarsal segments darker; wings with astrong brownish yellow tinge, the stigma indistinct; abdomen
brownish yellow, without a dark subterminal ring.
fuIale.--Leneth about 5.8 mm.; wing, 6.5 mm.
Female.-Length about 6 mm.; wing, 6 mm.
Male. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Basal segment ofantenna dark, the remainder of the organ light brown; flagellar segments passing from globular through short-oval into
oval, the outer segments slender. Head dark gray, clear
silvery-gray in front, u'ith a blackish spot on either sidebehind.
Mesonotum shiny dark ferruginous to castaneous. Pleurawith a sparse pruinosity. Llalteres pale, the knobs a little
darkened. Legs with the coxae shiny reddish ferruginous,
the fore coxae darker; trochanters yellow; remainder of thelegs obscure brou'nish yellow, the terminal tarsal segments
passing into black; Iegs long and slender, especially the hindlegs. Wings with a strong brownish yellow tinge, the baseand costal region clearer yellow; stigma indistinct; veins alittle darker than the ground-color. Venation: Sc, ending
about opposite one-third R, , ,, Sc, at its tip; Rs short; r on
R, at from two-fifths to one-third the length1. cell M, about
equal to its petiole ; m-cxr varying from before to beyond midlength of cell tst IWr.
Abdomen brownish yellorv, without a dark subterminal
ring. Male hypopygium rvith the outer dististyle relatively
short, the tip blackened, shallowly bifid, the outer spine acute.
Inner dististyie shorter, the basal portion broader, the apicalportion gently curved. Branched gonapophyses with thearms of moderate length only, one broader and a little shorter
than the other, both pointed at tips.

Bulletin of th,eBrooklgn EntnmologicalSocietg Tot.xxII
Female. The type fernale agrees closely with the male exc_eptin the non-pruinose head where the bloom is apparently
destroyed by moisture. The general coloration of tfie thorax
is more yellowish and the legs are notably shorter and stouter.
Abdomen dark-colored, probably discolored by eggs within.
Habitat: trlorida.
Holotype, 6, Tallahassee,Leon Co., April 23, rg24 (J. S.
Rogers) ; No. r. Allotgpe, 9, T. 3 S, R. 15 E, Suwannee Co.,
April 28, rg24 0.S. Rogers) ; No. 3.
This very small species suggests L. lu.tea Doane in its generalcoloration but is readily distinguished by the structure of the
hypopygium.
Limnophild(Phylidorea)

persimilis n. sp.

General coloration of the thorax ferruginous; antennal
fragellum yellow; fore femora ( a ) brownish black, thebases obscure yellow; remaining femora brown with thepale bases a little more extensive; in the g the femora andtibiae are uniformly pale yellotv; wings pale yellow, only the
apex very weakly infuscated.
Male.-Length,6.5-7mm.; wing, 6.5-7.5 mm.
Female.-Length, 83 mm.; wing, 7.8-9 mm.
Male. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae withthe first segment dark brown, remaining antennal segments
pale yellow, only the extreme outer flagellar segmentsweakly
infuscated. Head light silvery gray, the vertex behind withan extensive darker area on either side.
Pronotum infuscated above, the sides broadly paler;
Mesonotal praescutum shiny--ferru-ginous to brownish ferruginous, more intense medially, paling into yellowish on thesides; scutellum more J'ellolvish. Pleura and postnotum ferruginous, the color dulled by a very sparse microscopic
pruinosity. Halteres pale, the knobs weakly infuscated.
I egs with the coxae and trochanters pale ferruginous yellow; male with the fore femora brownish black, the basal
quarter yellowish; apex of fore femur narrowly obscure yellow; middle and hind legs brown with nearly the basal third
obscure yellow; tibiae dark brown, their bases paler; tarsi
dark brown. Wings .r,r,itha pale yellowish tinge, only the
apex in cells R, to rst M, weaklv infumed;stigma pale, distinct as a small pale brown spot beyond r. Venation: Sc,much longer than Sc, the latter lying shortly before the forl<of R.s; Rs angulated and spurred at origin ; r at tip of. R,
and shortly before midlength of Rr; tw-cu, shartly beyonci
rrirllensth of cell r.rf II..-

Ittb., 1!)27 Bulleti,n of lhe Broohlyn Entomologi.cal Societg
Abdomen obscure yellow, the extreme lateral margins narrowly darker. Male hypopygium of the general type ofL. (P.) consimilis Dietz, cJifrering as foilows: Outer dististyle much broader, oni1, 16. tips weakly infuscated. Gonapophyses slender, the bifid pair with the arms slender, nearly
equal in length, divided almost to their bases. Aedeagus
relatively short, slender, entirely blackened.
Female. In the female. the femora and tibiae are uniformly pale yellow, the tarsi passing into dark brown.
Habitat: Indiana.
Holot"v,pe, 6, llanover, Jefferson Co., June 2, rg22 (J. S.
Ii oger s) ; No. 7o. Allot opot ype, ?. Par at opot ypes, 36 6, r g.
This specieswas first sent to me as Z. (P.) lwtea Doane, which
it resembles rather cloself in general appearance but is readily
separated by the structure of the hypopygium. The holotype isretained in the writer's collection.
Limnophila (Phylidorea) adustoides n. sp.
)Iale.--Length, g-g.S mm. ; wing, r r mm.
Female.-Length, ro-r4 mm. i wing, ro.5*r3 mm.
_ Bearing a strong superlicial resemblanceto L. (P.) adwsta
O. S. but more closelv related to L. (P.) awripennis Alex.
and allied forms, in the structure of the male hypopysium.
;\ntennal flagellum light yellow, the basal r.g-int -o-f thescape dark brown. Nlesonoturn and pleura shiny ferruginous. Legs with the femora vellow, narrorvly tipped *ith
black; tibiae yellowish brora'n, the tips narrowly darkened;tarsi passing into black. Wings with a strong yellow suffusion, . the base and costal margin clearer yellow ; wing-tip
broadly darkened; stigma oval, dark brown, well-defined ; avery narrow brown seam along the cord; the space between
the branchesof Cu suffused with brown; veins obscure yellow, clearer vellow in the costal and basal portions, daiker
along the cord. Venation: Rs angulated and short-spurredat origin; r at near two-fifths the length of Rr; cell rst M,
small. Abdomen obscure brownish yellow, with a subterminal black ring in the male; hypopygium dark ferruginous. Male hypopygium r,vith the outer dististyle nearlystraight, the apical split shallow, the outer spine small.
Branches of the forked gonapophyses black, unequal inlength. Aedeagus black, slender, about as long as or only
a little longer than the forked gonapophyses.
Habitat : Indiana, Tennessee.

Bulleti.n of the Brooltlyn Entomological Societg vot.xxlr
Holotype, 6, Allardt, FentressCo., Tennessee,altitude r,65o
feet, at light, June 6, rgz4 (J. S. Rogers); No. 3. Allotopotype,9, June 3, r924i No. 73. Paratopotypes,9 9 I , J:uneg-26,
r9z4; Nos. 39,8,5r, 55, 56, 58, 66 and.72, Paratypes,r t,
May 2g-3o, rg22 (1. S. Rogers);
4 9 9, Scott Co., Tennessee,
Nos.4, 5 and 7;1 6, r 9, ClearFork, near Burrville,Morgan
Co., Tennessee,
altitude r,2oo feet, at light, June r9, ryzz (J. S.
Rogers); No. 6; t 9, Hanover, JeffersonCo., Indiana, June 3,
rgzz (J. S. Rogers); No. 7r.

/r/./*">tt//IIU ,,r.t

/r
zJ

Fig.4

r'-^
(/

L,/

Fig.

/!
/r.'

Fis.6

ExpreNetroN oF THE Tnxr:-Frcunps.
Outer dististyle of male hypopygium of speciesof the subgenus Ephelio in Eastern North America. All drawings madeto scale.
Fig. r. Limnophila (Epltelia) joh.nsoni Alex.
Fig. z. L. (8.) aprilina O. S.
Fig. S. L. (E.) irene n. sp.
Fig. +. L. (E.) solstitialis Alex.
Fig. S. L. (E.) aernata n. sp.
Fig. 6. L. (E-) .rerotinellaAlex.