地震工学ニューズレター Vol.2 No.１

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B.F.スペンサー教授へのインタビュー
B.F.スペンサー（ノートルダム大学）

インタビュア：
西谷章（早稲田大学）

スペンサー教授（ノートルダム大学）とのインタビューを掲載します。同教授は、2001 年の第 1 回地震工学研究
発表討論会のさいに招待講演を行うなど、日本の多くの研究者の方々との親交を持っています。この記事は、ス
ペンサー教授の来日機会を利用した面談、およびメール通信によるインタビューをもとに構成したものです。日本
語訳にすると微妙なニュアンスの違い等も生じますので、英語のままとします。
スペンサー教授には、非常に多忙の中、大変好意的にこの企画に協力して戴きました。多くの時間を費やして、学生時代のこと、研究分野のこと、中国語のことなどを話してもらうことができました。この場を借りて、スペンサー
教授に御礼申し上げます。
NISHITANI (N): Thank you for joining us, Dr. Spencer. You are
the very first person for JAEE Newsletter interview program.
Perhaps you are one of the most well-known foreign
researchers among Japanese earthquake engineeringresearch community. Speaking of our personal relationship, I
first met you in Hawaii in 1993, when the first international
workshop on structural control was held. Since then, we have
had many opportunities to get together. Nearly ten years sincethat time. Time passes so quickly.
Let's get started. To begin with, I would like to ask you about

your academic background. According to my understanding,you obtained the Ph.D. degree in Theoretical and Applied
Mechanics (TAM) at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign(UIUC). There are only few similar departments in Japanese
universities, I suppose. Could you speak to us about the field of
theoretical and applied mechanics, in particular focusing on therelationship with earthquake or civil engineering?

SPENCER:Engineering mechanics is the basic study of fluids and solids
and how they react to applied forces. With roots in physics andmathematics, engineering mechanics provides the basis for all

地震工学ニューズレター Vol.2 No.１

JAN/FEB/MAR/APR 2002of the mechanical sciences: civil engineering, materials scienceand engineering, mechanical engineering, and aerospaceengineering. As such, having my M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in
Theoretical and Applied Mechanics provided me with a very
versatile background.

N: I know you were a very good student while you were in
graduate school at the University of Illinois. When I visited Prof.
Bergman at the Urbana-Champaign campus, I found your namein certain plaque listing the names of certain students. Why wasyour name on this plaque?
SPENCER:I was an instructor teaching courses such as statics, dynamics,
and mechanics of solids to undergraduate students for five of
my eight semesters as a graduate student at the University of
Illinois. The enrollment in these classes ranged from 47 to over
100 students. In recognition of my classroom performance, theDepartment made me the 1985 recipient of the J.O. Smith
Award as the Outstanding Young Teacher in Engineering
Mechanics and placed my name on this plaque.
N: What kind of research did you do in your doctoral thesis at
the University of Illinois?

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SPENCER:My research as a graduate student focused on computational
stochastic mechanics, and in particular on determining thereliability of a randomly excited hysteretic oscillator. The
solution of a large class of physically motivated problems
arising in stochastic dynamics is facilitated by appropriate
modeling of the system such that its response process is
Markovian. The reliability of an oscillator with hysteretic
restoring force can be viewed as a first passage problem inrandom vibration, which can be posed as the solution of the
backward Kolmogorov equation, the formal adjoint of the
Fokker-Planck equation. For this problem, the backward
Kolmogorov equation is an elliptic-parabolic initial-boundary
value for which general solution is unavailable. My doctoral
research addressed the computational solution of this partial
differential equation using an upwinded finite element method
and was published by Springer-Verlag in a monograph entitled
Reliability of Randomly Excited Hysteretic Structures.
N: Your thesis supervisor was Prof. Larry Bergman, who is oneof my very good friends as well. What was he like as thesupervisor? Do you think that you are the same kind of
supervisor as he was? One thing that seems to Japanese very

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unusual regarding the relationship between doctoral students
and thesis supervisors is that most of former Ph.D. students calltheir former supervisors by their first names, after getting thedegree. Did you feel some hesitation when you first call Prof.
Bergman "Larry"?

SPENCER:
Although not the case at all universities in the US, in our
department at UIUC, all of the graduate students called thefaculty by their first names. However, hearing other students
call Larry by his first name was very strange. It took a few
months to become accustomed to this practice.
Regarding Larry's style as a supervisor, I believe that I speak
for all of his former graduate students in saying that he is a truly
excellent mentor. Although he never stated it, as opposed to theresearch itself being the "product" of his labors, I believe that
Larry views the "product" as being his students. Of course, toeffectively educate students, one must teach them how to
conduct high quality research, but in my experience, the focus
is on the student. I benefited tremendously from working with
Larry at UIUC and have tried to emulate this style as asupervisor in my subsequent career as a faculty member atNotre Dame.

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N: After receiving your doctoral degree, you joined the facultyof civil engineering at the University of Notre Dame. What madeyou go to the field of civil engineering? You could have chosena field other than civil engineering.
SPENCER:As you know, my undergraduate degree is in mechanicalengineering. I also worked for the General Motors Corporationin Detroit for several summers learning about vehicle vibration
problems. My graduate studies also focused on vibration
problems, with an emphasis on randomly excited systems.
Many disciplines conduct research on such topics. Indeed,
upon graduation from the TAM department at UIUC,
opportunities were available in aerospace, mechanical, and civilengineering. However, the most advanced research in the areaof probabilistic mechanics was being conducted in civilengineering. At the same time, the research and educational
opportunities offered at the Department of Civil Engineering at
the University of Notre Dame seemed too attractive to pass up.
I think that I made the right decision to join the ranks of the civilengineers!
N: Speaking of your research career, as you mentioned

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minutes ago, your initial research was in computational
stochastic mechanics. Subsequently you conducted researchwith regard to problems in fatigue and fracture reliability, active
control of structures, and now magnetorheological (MR)damper-related semiactive control. What would you pick up as
your best five or ten papers, if possible?
SPENCER:I am not sure if the following papers are the "best", but they are
the ones that I like the best.
Computational Stochastic Mechanics
B.F. Spencer, Jr., Reliability of Randomly Excited Hysteretic
Structures, Lecture Notes in Engineering (series editors: C.A.
Brebbia and S.A. Orszag), Vol. 21, Springer-Verlag, 1986.
B.F. Spencer, Jr. and L.A. Bergman, "On the Numerical Solutionof the Fokker-Planck Equation for Nonlinear Stochastic
Systems," Nonlinear Dynamics, Vol. 4, pp. 357-372, 1993.
Fatigue and Fracture Reliability
B.F. Spencer, Jr. and J. Tang, "A Markov Process Model for
Fatigue Crack Growth," Journal of Engineering Mechanics,
ASCE, Vol. 114, No. 12, pp.2134-2157, 1988.

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Active Structural Control
B.F. Spencer, Jr., M.K. Sain, C.-H. Won, D.C. Kaspari Jr. and
P.M. Sain, "Reliability-Based Measures Of Structural Control
Robustness," Structural Safety, Vol. 15, pp. 111- 129, 1994.
S.J. Dyke, B.F. Spencer, Jr., P. Quast and M.K. Sain, "The Roleof Control-Structure Interaction in Protective System Design,"
Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, Vol. 121, No. 2, pp.
322-338, 1995.
S.J. Dyke, B.F. Spencer, Jr., P. Quast, D.C. Kaspari, Jr., and
M.K. Sain, "Implementation of an Active Mass Driver Using
Acceleration Feedback Control," Microcomputers in Civil
Engineering: Special Issue on Active and Hybrid Structural
Control, Vol. 11, pp. 305-323, 1996.
Smart Damping (Semiactive Structural Control) using MR
Fluid Technology
S.J. Dyke, B.F. Spencer, Jr., M.K. Sain and J.D. Carlson,"Modeling and Control of Magnetorheological Dampers for
Seismic Response Reduction," Smart Materials and Structures,Vol. 5, pp. 565-575, 1996.

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B.F. Spencer, Jr. S.J. Dyke, M.K. Sain and J.D. Carlson,"Phenomenological Model for Magnetorheological Dampers,"
Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, Vol. 123, No. 3, pp.
230-238, 1997.
B.F. Spencer, Jr., S.J. Dyke, and H.S. Deoskar, "Benchmark
Problems in Structural Control - Part I: Active Mass Driver
System; Part II: Active Tendon System," Earthquake
Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 27, pp. 1127-1147,
1998.
G. Yang, B.F. Spencer, Jr., J.C. Carlson and M.K. Sain,"Large-Scale MR Fluid Dampers: Modeling and Dynamic
Performance Considerations," Engineering Structures, Vol. 24,
pp. 309-323, 2002.

N: And what is your recent research interest?
SPENCER:My research interests continue in the use of MR dampers forprotection of civil infrastructure systems. A tremendous amountof progress has been made since we started working with the
Lord Corporation on this research topic in 1994. Last year saw

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the first full-scale implementation of MR dampers for civilengineering applications achieved. Nihon-Kagaku-Miraikan, theTokyo National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation,
has two 30-ton, MR Fluid dampers installed between the 3rd
and 5th floors. The dampers were built by Sanwa Tekki using
the Lord Corporation MR fluid. Currently being retrofitted withstay-cable dampers, the Dongting Lake Bridge in Hunan, China
will constitute the first full-scale implementation of MR dampers
for bridge structures. Two Lord SD-1005 (www.rheonetic.com)
MR dampers are being installed on each cable to mitigate cablevibration. Seeing this research come to fruition has been
extremely gratifying.
Most recently, my students and I have expanded our research
to include structural health monitoring. Although structural
health monitoring and condition assessment for civilengineering structures is still a relatively young field, it holds
great promise. Similarly, structural response control has
revolutionized the way that buildings and bridges can respondto dynamics loads. Combining these two technologies together
offers even more opportunities. We seek to develop an
integrated system, including appropriate hardware, software,and networking components for acquisition and transmission of

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the data, as well as development of new diagnostic methods.

N: I heard that you are going to move to the civil engineering
department at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign inthe coming August. How many years have you spent atUniversity of Notre Dame? Please tell us about what the
University of Notre Dame is like. For instance, how many
students are there? How many faculty members? How many
departments in the College of Engineering? How much are thetuition and fees? The University of Notre Dame is in South
Bend, Indiana. What is South Bend like?
SPENCER:
Effective fall of 2002, I will join the faculty at the University of
Illinois. The decision to leave Notre Dame was difficult, as you
might imagine. My entire career, almost 17 years, has beenspent at Notre Dame, and I've enjoyed nearly every moment.
Founded in 1842, Notre Dame is a Catholic University offering
undergraduate, graduate and professional programs to 11,000
students. Notre Dame's research programs cover a broad
spectrum of disciplines and build upon her long-establishedreputation for excellence in undergraduate education. The
aerodynamics of glider flight and the transmission of wirelessmessages were pioneered at the University, and the formulae

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for synthetic rubber were discovered at Notre Dame. The
campus is truly beautiful, with two lakes on campus and thefamous "Golden Dome". In 2000-01 Notre Dame's regularfaculty numbered 736 full-time and 355 part-time. Founded in
1873, the College of Engineering has 105 teaching andresearch faculty members in five departments: Aerospace andMechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Civil
Engineering and Geological Sciences, Computer Science andEngineering, and Electrical Engineering. There areapproximately 1000 undergraduate and graduate students in
the College. The undergraduate tuition, room and board for one
academic year is approximately $31,000.
South Bend, with a metropolitan area of nearly 250,000,
combines the lifestyle of a smaller community with the culturaland economic attractions found in much larger cities. Housing
costs and the overall cost of living are quite low. South Bend's
economic base is a stable mix of large and small industries witha highly developed retail, health care, and service economy.
There are two "Fortune 500" companies in the area.

N: You should have a lot of memories regarding your life in
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most memorable experiences at the University of Notre Dame?

SPENCER:My best memories of Notre Dame derive from working closelywith so many excellent colleagues and students at the campus.
N: May I go to the next subject, which is in regard to University
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign? What is the official name of
the civil engineering department? In these days, many of civilengineering departments in the US appear to change thenames such as the Department of Civil and GeotechnicalEngineering, the Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, and so on. Are there a few departments in the U.S.
that have still maintained the conventional name of"Department of Civil Engineering?" How many faculty members
are there in the civil engineering department at University of
Illinois? Are there many professors doing researches about
structural dynamics or control over there?
SPENCER:
Some universities, such as Washington University in St. Louis,
still keep the name "Department of Civil Engineering." At the
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the offical name ofthe department is the Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering. The Department was founded in 1871 and has

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53 full time faculty members in the areas of environmental,
structural, construction, transportation, hydraulic, andgeotechnical engineering. The faculty's activity in structuraldynamics and control iscurrently limited, but I am pleased to
say that Prof. Nicholas P. Jones has accepted the position as
Department Head, effective this fall. His background andexpertise in wind engineering will be a welcome addition to the
Department.

N: You will become the Newmark Professor of Civil Engineering
there. What is the official title of this position? Most ofearthquake engineering related researchers know the name of"Newmark." How do you feel about being named to thisposition?
SPENCER:The name of my position is the Nathan M. Newmark Professorof Civil Engineering. I am deeply honored to have been
awarded this position, which carries the name of such an
outstanding researcher and engineer.
N: We Japanese do not have such kind of professor system
and are not familiar with it. So, we are wondering who and how
to decide or choose, etc. Could you give us some information地震工学ニューズレター Vol.2 No.１

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about the system like this?

learn to speak Chinese so fluently in such a short time?

SPENCER:
Some of the endowed professorships/chairs can be awarded toanyone in the university; however, the Newmark Professorshipis only for a faculty member in the Department of Civil andEnvironmental Engineering. Generally speaking, a donor will
give a certain amount of money to the University to establish an
endowed professorship/chair. A committee is formed toevaluate potential candidates for these position and makerecommendations to the University administration. At UIUC, theProvost makes the final decision regarding who will be awarded
the endowed professorships/chairs. In addition to the title, mostof these positions also provide a small research fund.

SPENCER:
While on an airplane returning from Japan in 1998, I struck up aconversation with a man sitting next to me about theimportance of children learning a second language, andcommented that the choice of which language was not obvious
for a native English speaker. He suggested that Mandarine
Chinese was the obvious language, since it is spoken by 20%of the world's population. He also noted that if one can read
Chinese characters, then communication is also facilitated withJapanese and Korean people. While I did nothing at that time,
the comments of this man stuck with me.

N: Recently I happened to know that you speak Chinese quite
fluently. I know you have had a very nice relationship with
Chinese structural control community. So, it would be
convenient for you to speak Chinese language. That is quite
understandable. But when I heard you speaking Chinese, to befrank, I was very much surprised. Your Chinese sounds like toogood, even though I do not speak or understand any Chinese
language at all. One of my Chinese friends said to me that yourpronunciation of Chinese was extremely good. How did you

After a workshop I organized in Guangzhou, China in 1999,
Larry Bergman and I took a short vacation to the ancient
Chinese city of Xi'an. It happened that on the last day of theworkshop, the USA had accidentally bombed the Chinese
Embassy in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. During this time, thesituation was rather tense, but because I had purchased a
Chinese phrase book for this trip, we were able to get bywithout any big problems. This experience gave me theimpetus to start studying Chinese. After deciding to learn thelanguage, I was fortunate to be able to retain the wife of one

地震工学ニューズレター Vol.2 No.１

JAN/FEB/MAR/APR 2002of the postdocs in our department as a tutor. This, of course,pressured me to keep up with my lessons. I have found theentire experience to be not only rewarding and useful, but also
a good way to relax in the evening. I hope that in the future I
will have the time and opportunity to learn Japanese as well.

N: If you did not study Engineering, what kind of field would you
choose to study? Or if you were reborn, would you choose thesame or similar field? Or what kind of occupation would you liketo choose other than university professor?
SPENCER:
Actually, I feel that being a university professor is one of thebest jobs that one can have. You have the opportunity to workwith bright young students and help them mature into
independent engineers. You have the freedom to conduct
research on whatever topic you wish. Your job is basically yourhobby. One has the chance to travel and meet wonderfulpeople such as yourself. I really don't think that I would choose
another path, even if given the opportunity.
N: Thank you for taking your time. I appreciate very much. I

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believe you will get much more successful at your new
university.

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第1回日本地震工学研究発表・討論会報告（その2）土岐憲三（京都大学）

川島一彦（東京工業大学）

中埜良昭（東京大学）

既に一部ご報告しましたが、200１年秋に第 1 回地震工学研
究発表・討論会が開催されています。地震工学ニューズレタ
ー Vol.1 No.4 では、オーガナイズド・セッションを中心とした報告を行いましたが、そのとき掲載できなかった 2 つのオーガナ
イズド・セッションの模様を、オーガナイザーの方から報告します。
■地震災害から文化財を守る[11 月 29 日、14：00～15：45]
報告：土岐憲三（京都大学工学研究科）
発表者： 益田兼房（東京藝術大学美術研究科）
西沢英和（京都大学工学研究科）
山内泰之（独立行政法人 建築研究所）
林 良彦（文化庁文化財部建造物課）
都丸徳治（日本建設コンサルタント）
小林正美（京都大学工学研究科）
1995 年阪神淡路大震災に際しては、多数の地点から火災が発生し、多くの人命財産が失われた。大都市が強い地震動に襲われた際には、こうした火災の発生は必至であるが、たとえば京都の場合であれば、東西南北約 10km 四方の中に多数の国宝や重要文化財があることから、ひとたび強震動見舞
われたならば、極めて多数の文化財が焼失するであろうと考えられる。
当該セッションは、地震の後に発生するであろう火災から、文化財を要する木造建築物への延焼を防止するための対策のあり方を議論、検討するために設けられた。そこで、国宝・重要文化財建造物の防火・防災対策の現状、文化財に関する危機管理システム、歴史的建造物の耐震性能、防火対策としての樹木の利用、京都におけるケーススタディ、火災のための水利システムなどについて研究発表を行った後、聴衆をも交えたパネルディスカッション形式の討論を行った。
こうした分野の研究発表はこれまでの地震工学の分野にはなかったことであり、地震工学、地震防災の分野の裾野を拡げる意味で、意義深いものであった。また、このセッションの成果として、これまでのこうした分野での活動は、京都の国宝などの文化財を守ることに限られていたが、これと平行して、江戸文化としての東京下町のまちなみの地震防災対策にも目を向けるという新しい視点が開けてきた。

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■地震時保有耐力法による構造物の耐震設計(1)〔11 月 30 日 14:00－15:45〕
地震時保有耐力法による構造物の耐震設計(2)〔11 月 30 日 16:00－17:45〕
報告：川島一彦（東京工業大学）、中埜良昭（東京大学）
地震時保有耐力法に関連して，構造部材の耐力・変形性能，
プッシュオーバーアナリシスの適用，耐震設計法，耐震性評
価法等に関して，セッション(1)では６編，セッション(2)では 7
編，計 13 編の発表が行われた．構造物としては，建物，橋梁のほか，地下鉄・原子力発電所等の地下構造物に対する発表も行われた．
橋梁ではＲＣ橋脚の塑性変形能に影響を与える塑性ヒンジ
長や寸法効果，載荷履歴に関する発表と同時に，塑性ヒンジ
領域における変形性能を高めるために，アンボンド高強度鋼材を配置したり，コアコンクリートに高密度にスパイル筋を配置した橋脚のほか，橋脚基部に免震ゴムをビルトインしたダメージフリー橋脚の開発等，新しい高靭性構造が開発されつつあることが報告された．建築物では，ひずみ速度や曲率速度がＲＣ梁の強度や変形性能に及ぼす影響，破壊方式を考慮した耐震壁の耐震設計法，鉄骨梁に緊結されたコンクリートスラ

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ブが柱梁接合部の破壊特性に及ぼす影響が報告された．地下構造物に関しては，応答変位法に基づく地下構造物の損傷評価や長期間実際に使用されてきたＲＣカルバートの繰り返し
載荷実験に基づく履歴特性等が報告された．
地震工学会という場でなければ一同に会する機会のなかったグループの発表であり，最初は質問にもとまどいが感じられたが，一つの質問がでるとそれに関連していろいろな異なる角度からの質疑が交わされた．構造部材にしても，建物，橋梁，
地下構造物ではサイズや形状，配筋に大きな違いがあること，
プッシュオーバーアナリシスの適用に際しても，上部構造に質量が集中している橋梁と質量分布が高さ方向にほぼ均質な建物，地盤の振動に引きずられて変形する地下構造物とでは異なることが認識されるようになった．このように，問題点の所在がわかるようになってくると，解析や実験の方向性も理解できるようになり，発表のバックグラウンドが明らかとなってくる．
まだ各グループの理解には相当の隔たりがあるが，今回の第１回発表・討論会が相互理解に果たした役割は限りなく大きい．
今後，さらに相互理解と相互批判が深まり，各方面でいい意
味の技術の深みと新しい創意工夫がでてくることを期待した
い．

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第3回世界構造制御会議（3WCSC）速報
西谷 章（早稲田大学）

2002 年 4 月 7 日～11 日の日程で、第 3 回世界構造制御
会議（The Third World Conference on Structural Control）
が開催されました。その概要を取り急ぎ報告します。

午後に開かれた IASC 理事会の時点では、400 人を超える参加登録のあることが Casciati 会長から報告されています。
会議運営は完全にイタリア流でした。朝は通常の国際会議

こ の 会 議 は 、 IASC （ International Association forと同様に 8 時過ぎあるいは 9 時丁度のスタートですが、午前のStructural Control）を主催母体とする構造制御に関する世界セッションが 13 時まで行われたあとに、昼休みはしっかりと 2

会議で、4 年に 1 度開かれるものです。IASC の概要について

時間確保されランチに充てられます。そして、15 時からの午後は既に地震工学ニューズレター Vol.1 No.3 おいて紹介しましのセッションは 19 時まで続き、このあと夕食となります。会議

たが、初代会長となる G.W. Housner・カリフォルニア工科大主催の夕食会は 2 度開かれましたが、どちらの夕食もスタート

学名誉教授、2 代会長となる小堀鐸二・京都大学名誉教授のは 20 時過ぎで、終了するのは 24 時近くという具合でした。

リードによって 1994 年に誕生した構造制御の国際学会です。

以下、開催日別に、会議の模様を報告します。

IASC 発足年の 1994 年に、第 1 回の世界会議を Housner
会長のもとで米国パサデナにおいて、1998 年に第 2 回の世■4 月 7，8 日

界会議を小堀会長のもとで京都において開催しています。第会議は 4 月 7 日からとなっていますが、他の世界会議と同3 回となる今回は、3 代目の F.Casciati 会長（イタリア・パビア

様、7 日は参加登録の確認と Icebreak Party のみで、実質的大学教授）のもとで、ヨーロッパ有数のリゾート地のひとつ、イな会議は 8 日の朝の開会式から始まりました。

タリア・コモ湖畔で開かれました。コモは、ミラノ市から自動車

コモ湖畔がリゾート地であるため大人数を収容できる会場

で 1 時間ほどのところにあり、すぐ隣はスイス国境となります。

は限られています。400 人収容可能な大会場である Social

正式な、最終的参加者数は発表になっていませんが、7 日

Theater が確保された 8 日に、開会式と 10 の基調講演がまと地震工学ニューズレター Vol.2 No.1

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めて行われました。
基調講演者とそのタイトルは以下の通りです。

13/18

Y. Fujino：
Structural Health Monitoring in Civil Infrastructures andR & D of SHM of Bridges at the University of Tokyo

T.Kobori：
Past, Present and Future in Seismic Response Control■4 月 9 日

of Civil Structures

9 日は、会場をコモ湖畔随一のリゾートホテル Villa d’Este に

T.T.Soong：Structural Control: Theory versus Practice

移して、2 つの部屋（Pino Meeting Room、Regina Meeting

L.Esteva：Room）を使ったパラレルセッションが、朝の 8 時 30 分から夜

Optimum Damage-Control Policies for Structural

19 時まで、途中 2 時間の昼食をはさんで、以下のようなスケ

Systems under Seismic Risk Conditions

ジュールで開かれました。

J.Rodellar：Complexity Issues of Structural Control
W.D.Iwan：－Pino Meeting Rm.

Structural Response Control Using Active Interaction

8:30- 9:45：Benchmark Activiｔｙ

Between Internal Elements

9:45-11:00：Monitoring, Identification

H-M.Koh：
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Seismic Isolation of

11:30-13:00：Code & Recommendation
15:00-19:00：Reporting from Industry

Bridges
H.Iemura：From Ductility Demand to Damping Demand
C. Lexcellent：－Regina Meeting Rm.
8:30- 9:45：From the Research to the Application

Some Tools for Modelling Shape Memory Alloys,

9:45-11:00：Panel on Funded Research

Thermomechanical Behavior and Some Efficient Use.

15:00-16:30：Panel on Funding Innovative Research

C-H. Loh：Structural Control Research in Taiwan

17:00–19:00：Kobori Panel：Future Perspectives of

地震工学ニューズレター Vol.2 No.1

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Structural Control■4 月 10 日
上記のセッション中の、17 時からの Regina Room での10 日は Villa Oimo に会場を移しました。8 時 15 分から 9

Kobori Panel は、 小 堀 鐸 二教 授 の Honour Symposium

時まで、次期会長となる現 IASC 副会長の R.Skelton 教授（2000 年 11 月開催）のさいの Structural Control に関するパ（UC, San Diego）による全体セッション講演：”After Structural

ネルディスカッションを引き継ぐものです。J.N. Yang 教授（UC,Control–Then What?” が 行 わ れ た の ち 、 Monitoring 、

Irvine）の司会により、Structural Control の将来展望について、Passive Control 、 Active Control 、 Semiactive Control 、

8 人のパネラー：F.Casciati 教授；家村浩和教授；J-M.Ko 教授

Materials & Testing、Applications という大枠に分けられた 6（HongKong Polytechnic Univ.）；B.F.Spencer,Jr.教授（Univ.

つの部屋で、パラレルに研究発表が行われました。各部屋でof Notre Dame）；西谷章；藤野陽三教授；S.Nagarajaiah 準の 10 日のセッション名を以下に挙げます（STS とあるのは、教授（Rice Univ.）；池田芳樹博士（鹿島・小堀研究室）が順に

個人あるいはグループによって提案され、オーナイズされた意見を述べました。大地震への対応を意識した今後のアクテ

Special Theme Session です）。

ィブ振動制御のあり方、具体的な制御機構の例から、将来地震センサがきめ細かく配置されたとして、数 10 秒先の、あるい－Monitoring

は数分先の地震発生が予測可能になったとしたらそれを振動-Structural Health Monitoring (STS)

制御にどう生かすことができるだろうか、という問題まで、幅広-Structural Monitoring (STS)い話題提供がなされました。会場からの質疑を受けて議論を-Monitoring I

行い、最後に小堀教授が、30 年間を想定した制震構造の設-Environment Monitoring (STS)計・保守管理と、100 年間を想定した設計・保守管理は違うの－Passive Controlが当然である、時間のファクタを考慮した構造制御の設計・管-Semiactive Devices for Earthquake Prevention (STS)理の方法を考えるべきであろう、とまとめを行いました。

-New Application of Passive Vibration Control and Base
-Isolation Technologies I (STS)地震工学ニューズレター Vol.2 No.1

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-New Application of Passive Vibration Control and Base
Isolation Technologies II (STS)-Seismic Dissipation Devices－Active Control-Active Control Methods Based on Uncertain Models

Semiactive Control の 2 つの STS（Semi-active Seismic
Isolation お よ び Semiactive Devices ） は 、 ASCE のStructural Control Committee（Chairman: S. Nagarajaiah）の member である H.Gavin 助教授、Nagarajaiah 準教授、

(STS)

Spencer 教授、西谷によって提案されオーガナイズされたもの-Active Iです。2 つの STS において 10 数 編の論文が発表されました。

-Cable structures

この STS 以外にも、セミアクティブ制御関連の研究発表は少-Active II

なくありませんでした。私自身は、今回の Kobori Panel のパネ－Semiactive Control

ラーとしても、ここ数年はセミアクティブ制御が構造制御におけ-Semi-active Seismic Isolation (STS)る重要なキーワードのひとつであろうと述べましたが、いま米-Semiactive Devices (STS)国では、セミアクティブ構造制御研究がさかんに行われていま－Materials & Testingす。

-SMA Applications I (STS)-SMA Applications II (STS)-Smart Materials for Structural Control (STS)-Piezoelectrics■4 月 11 日
最終日にあたる 11 日も、会場に前日と同じ Villa Olmo が充てられました。朝 8 時 15 分から 1 時間の全体セッションでは、－Applications

昨年 9 月のニューヨーク世界貿易センタービルの崩壊につい-Bridges Iて、調査にあたった地元コロンビア大学の R.B.Testa 教授を-Integrating Structure and Control Design

中 心 と す る グ ル ー プ か ら 、 ”The World Trade Center-Control of Space Robots & Manipulators (STS)Collapses: Structural Aspects”と題する発表がありました。

-Bridges Monitoring

崩壊原因と考えられるような新たな事実が伝えられたわけで

地震工学ニューズレター Vol.2 No.1

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はありませんが、現地での長期にわたる実地調査結果をうけての熱気に溢れた講演でした。1 時間という時間はあまりにも

16/18-Dissipation Devices II & Base Isolation－Active Control

短く、講演者からはもっと話すことができますという思いが、聴-Earthquake Mitigation via Control Algorithm (STS)衆からはさらに話を聞きたいという思いが満ち満ちていまし-Helping the Structural Heritage

た。

-Retrofitting of Historical Building in the Mediterranean

私の個人的なことになりますが、前日の朝、およそ 20 年ぶ
りに、イタリアで再会できた Testa 教授と朝食を一緒にとり、ニューヨークのこと、ニューヨーク訛りの英語のこと、私がいた当

Area (STS)-Active III－Semiactive Control

時のコロンビアの教授陣のことなど懐かしく話をすることがで-Seismic Applications of Semiactive Control

きました。

-Control algorithms toward Semiactive Control

この後、前日と同様の枠組みで 6 つの部屋に分かれて以下のような研究発表のセッションが開かれました。

-MR Dampers-Magnetic-Rheological Fluid Dampers and 3D Isolation
Devices (STS)－Monitoring-Monitoring for Maintenance of infrastructure (STS)-Monitoring II-Damage Detection-Health Monitoring (STS)－Passive Control-Dissipation Devices I-Testing Passive Systems-TMD/TLC－Materials & Testing-Buildings & Bridges Protections: Experimental &Testing Activities (STS)-A Network for structural assessment, Monitoring andControl (STS)-Experimental Facilities (STS)-Experimental Approaches－Applications-Benchmark Problem on Cable-Stayed bridges (STS)地震工学ニューズレター Vol.2 No.1

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-Fiber Optic Sensors in Structural Monitoring (STS)-Elevators/Cranes-Timber Structures
パラレルセッション終了後、18 時 30 分から閉会式が行われ、次回の世界会議が、2006 年に、次期会長となる Skelton 副会
長の地元、米国 UC San Diego で開催されることが発表にな
りました。

17/18

地震工学ニューズレター Vol.2 No.1

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（編集後記）
この号から、ニューズレターも Vol. 2 となります。2002年4月にイタリアで行われた第3回世界構造制御会議の速報も含めた関係上、Vol.2 No.1の月を、1月、2月、3月、4月とさせていただきました。No.2は、5月、6月として発行予定です。
この号には、ニューズレターの継続企画とする予定のインタビューの第1弾として、スペンサー教授とのインタビューを掲載しています。スペンサー教授には、大分時間を費やさせてしまう結果となりましたが、快くインタビューに応じ、さまざまなことを語ってくれました。

（会誌編集委員会・西谷）