,6?
From lftc Arners em Medeznw or Nen nr. Erenoar,[br. lf, vol. xii. p.7%, Nooernber
1946.

NEW OR,LTTTLE-KNOyNTTPULIDE(DIPTERA).-LXXVI. NEOTR'OPICAL SPEOIES.

734

Dr. C. P. Alexandoron

Neus or little-known Tipulidre (Diptera).-LXXVI.
Neotropical Species. By Cnenl,ns P. Ar,nxerqDnR,
State College,Amherst,
Ph.D., F'.R.B.S.,Massachusetts
U.S.A.
Nlassachusetts,
Ar this time I am consideringa seriesof crane-flies,chiefly
in the genus Holorusia Loew, from Ecuador and Peru,
where they were collected by my friends and correspondents, Messrs. F. Martin Brown, David Laddey,
Wiiliam Clarke-Macintyre, Pedro Paprzycki, and Felix
Woytkowski, to whom virtually all of our recent
records and collections in this family have been due.
I am deeply indebted to all of the above mentioned
gentlemenfor their continuedinterest in theseflies. The[ypes of the novelties are preserved in my personalcollection.
Holorusia (Holorusia)uniatra, sp. n.
Allied to lassula; antennreyellow, the outer four or fivesegmentsinfuscated ; flagellar segmentsnearly cylin.drical,
the terminal one about,three-fourthslonger than the penultimate; dorsopleuralregion broadly yellow, the dorsal
pleurites infuscatecl; femora brownish yellow 1_ith anearly terminal blackened ring ; wings broad, fulvous,
restrictedly patterned with dusky and with a single
blackenedspot at origin of .Es; fis a trifle longerthan veitl
the tips
Rs i ovipositor with cerci compressed-flattened,obtuse; hypovalvrevery short and obtuse.
Male.-Length about,19-20mm. ; wing 24'5-25'5mm. ;antennaabout 4'3-5 mm.
Eemale.-Lengthabout 23 mm. ; wing 27'2X 7'6 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head reddish brown, sparsel.ypruinose above, especiallybasally ; nasus elongate,withabundant black setre; palpi brownish black. Antennrc
yellow, the terminal four or five segments infuscated;flagellar segmentsnearly cylindrical, only the outer two
wi[h verticils ; terminal segment' about three-fourths
longer than the penultimate. Head greyish brown, more
intense on the anterior vertex and on posterior orbits ;a narrow darkened vitta on the vert'ex.
Pronotum and cervical region clear light yellow, thescutum conspicuously darkened medially. Mesonotal

ne?Dor little-kwwn Tiputidre.

735

prrcscutum chestnut brown, with four slighi;ly darker
brown stripes that are again bordered by slightly darker
brown ; scutum similarly coloured, the areas narrowly
ringed with darker brown ; scutellum brown, with an&rrow rnedian darker line ; mediotergite reddish brown,
sparsel.y pruinose. rvith a capillary median brown line
and indications of darker areason the sidesof the sclerite ;pleurotergite chiefly goldenyellow, the posterior trvo-thirdsof the anapleurotergite more darkened. Pleura with thedorsopleural region light vellow, more widened behind.
boredred beneath b.y a brown stripe that extends from theccrvical regionbackwardsover the esepisternumon to thepteropleurite, on the more ventral pleurites somewhat
paler. Halteres with stern rveakly infuscated, the baseobscurc vellou' ; apex cf knob paling to obscureorange.
Legs with the coxreyellowed,the fore pair more infuscated ;ti'ochanters greenish vellow, the fore pair elongated;femora obscure brownish yellow, with a nearl.y terrninal
blackened ring, subequal on all legs, preceded by aslightl.v clearer vellow annulus ; tibire and tarsi brownish
yellou', the terminal tarsal segments more blackened.
Wings broad, rvith a strong fulvous or brou'nish fulvous
tinge. vaguel.r'patterned with dusky and clearer yellow
area,s,t,he latter best-evidencedin the bases of cells Cz
ancl lsf A ; prearcular field, outer end. of cell Ist M
margina,ltips bf outer medial, cubital ancl anal veins, antdthe anal bordor narrou-l.r' rnargined rvith dusky, theposterior enclof nracsomewhat more distinctly darkened;axillar"r' zrngleclusk;r; a single small blackened spot over'origin of -Bs: veins yellow. the origin of -Es more infuscated. Venation: -Rsa trifle longer than.Br; cell TstJ)[,
pointecl at outer end : petiole of cell M t a little morethan one-halfzn,.
Abdominal tergites reclclish bro$'n, darker laterallv ;stemites vellow, the posteriorportions of the intermediatesegments a trifle darkened. Ovipositor with the cerci
castaneous,compressed-flattened,the tips obtuse ; hypovalvre Yer")'short and obtuse.
Hab. Peru ( Avacucho,Huanta).
Holotrype, ?, Yanamonte, Ayacucho, in fog-forests,
altittrde 3000-4100metres, October 6, l94l (Woytkou;ski\.
Paratopot'11pes,l,i, I !. September8, lg4l : paratypte,| 3,
Huanta, Huanta, 3800metres,April 18, l94l (Woytkowslci).

736

Dr. C. P. Alexandetran,

Holarusia (Holorusia) uniatra is most, nearly allied to
H . (H .)flauicornis Alexander and II . (H .) lnssulnAlexander,
differing especially in the broad wings, with distinctive
pattern and venational details, and in the structure of theovipositor. The male specimenswere receivedtoo late forinclusion in this description.
Holorusia (Holorus,ia)chimborazo,sp. n.
Antennre with outer flagellar segments brownish black,nearly cylindrical rvithout verticils ; Mesonotal prrescutum with four dark grey stripes, the intermediate pairnarrowly bordered by darker brown ; pleura striped
lbngitudinally u'ith yellow and brov'n ; femora brownish
yellow, witir a narrow, nearly terminal black ring ; claws(male) with outer tooth replaced by u low flange ; wings
light brown, restrictedly patterned with darker brown andyellowish subhyaline areas ; macrotrichia on veins -8, andRn*u; male hypopygium with posterior border of tergite
shallowly emarginate, the actual border without setre;outer dististyle narrowed to the apex ; gonapophyseswith
numerous long setre.
Male.-Length
about 20 mm. ; wing 22.5mm. ;anterrna about 5 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head light grey above, including
the elongate nasus, the sides more infuscated ; palpi u'ithbasai three segrnerrtsyellow, the terminal one abruptly
blackened. Anterurre moderately long ; scape, pedicel
and basal two-thirds of first flagellar segment yellow, theremainder of organ brownish black ; llagellar segments
nearly cylindrical, the endsof each segmenta little oblique,the apex not produced on ventral face, asinflauicornis andallies ; verticils lacking, pubescenceshort and abundant.
Heacl above rich brown, rvith a continuous central grey
vitta over the entire length.
Pronotum infuscated above, more greyish ;'ellow onsides. Mesonotal prrescutum with the ground-colour
medium brown, with four dark grey stripes, the intermediate pair narrowly bordered by darker brown ;humeral and lateral regions of prrescutum dark brown ;scutum chielly dark brown, the posterior portions of thelobes somewhat paler ; scutellum chiefly dark brown ;mediotergite light grey pruinose, extensively patternedwith brown. Pleura striped longitudinally with yellow

T{pulida.
newor LifrIe-knoura

737

and brown, the former occuilying the dorsal porbions, thelatter including a,narrower brownish black stripe immediately beneath the pale &re&,this extending from the propleura to the cephalic margin of the pteropleurite, thencemuch paler ; still more ventrad a second paler obscureyellow stripe, the ventral sternopleurite and meral region
grey. Halteres infuscated,the extreme baseof stem pale,
the a,pex of knob obscure yellow. Legs with the coxrc
grey, the anterior faces more infuscated ; trochanters
yellow ; femora obscure brownish yellow, with & narrow
but conspicuous nearly terminal black ring ; tibia
obscure yellow, tips narrowly darkened ; tarsi obscureyellow, the outer segmentsblackened; claws (male) withbasal tooth present, the outer one replaced by t long low{lange. Wings with a light brown ground, restrictedly
patterned with darlier brorvn and yellowish subhyaline ;prearcular field infuscated ; stigma and tm?U spots atorigin of .Es and posterior end of m-cu d.arker brown 'basal portion of ceil Cu, darhened; paler are&sin outei
ends of cells .8, and Mr, near basesof cells 2nil M.r^ ,n,ne&r the margin on either side of vein LstA, and in cell
LstA near vein Znd,A; veins brown, more yellowed in the
costal field. Macrotrichia on veins fia and outer portionof distal sectionof Raasi no stigmal trichia. Venation :-Essomewhatmore than twice nu,-cu; m and petiole of cell
Jlf , subequal; cell .8, constrictedat mid-lengt'h,about onehalf as wide as near base.
Abdorninal tergites chieli.y dark brown, the lateralborders light grey ; sternites a little more reddish brown,
the posterior lateral portions grey ; hypopygium, especially the appendages,yellow. Male }ypopygium- with thenirith tergite transverse, its caudal border with a very
shallow .rotch, the lobes low but broad ; sete unusuallysparse,especially-from close to the border, there U-u:tg-awide
these, particularly at and adjoining theur"u freernid-line. Outer dististyle broadest'at nea,r mid-length,
thence tapering to the narrowly obt'usetip, prgvided _with
normal setre, the margins not denticulate. fnner dististyle with the beak obliquely truncated at aPeI, lower !9"kurretrmore obtuse, separatedfrom the beak by a shallow
notch ; dorsal crest low and obtuse, the setre pale,
relatively short, and sparse; a,reas of blackened _pegs
relatively restricted but numerous, the pegs very short.

738

Dr. C. P. Alexanderon

Gonapophyses appearing as flattened plates, the surface
with numerous long setre,additional to the usual setula ;apicesglabrous,very obtuse.
Hah. Ecuador (Chimborazo).
Holotype, 6, El Calera, near San Juan, altitude 3400
metres, April 22, Lggg (Brown).
From the structure of the antennre ,the present fly
appears to be closestto speciessuch as Holorusia (Holnrusia) lassula Alexander, differing conspicuously in thecoloration of the body, legs and wings, and in the detailsof structure of the antenna, claws and male hypopygium,
particularly the ninth tergite and both dististyles.
Holorusia (Hotor:^;o1juturrm, sp. n.
Size large (wing, female,over 2l mm.) ; generalcoloration of mesonotalpraescutum light grey, rvith four darker
grey stripes that are narrowly bordered. by brown ;antennre with basal segments yellow, the outer ones
bicoloured, narrowly infuscated at base, the tips yellow ;femora obscure yellow, the tips blackened; wings
brownish yellow, restrictedly patterned with dafk brown,
brownish g"uy and yellowish subhyaline ; macrotrichia on
outer radial and medial veins.
Female.-Length about 18-tg mm. ; wing 2L-23'5mm. ;antenna about 3'8-4 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head above obscure testaceous
yellow, conspicuouslydark brown on sidesand again paler
beneath ; nasuselongate,simple, slightly darkenedat tip ;palpi black throughout, the terminal segment relatively
short. Antennae (female) with the proximal five or six
segments yellow, the succeeding segments weakly bicoloured, narrowly infuscated at base, the outer portion
yellow ; terminal two segments uniformly darkened ;flagellar segments nearly cylindrical. Head obscureorange, heavily grey pruinose, with a narl'ow but conspicuousbrown median stripe extending the whole lengthof the vertex.
Pronotum infuscatedmedially, more testaceouson sides.
Mesonotalprescutum with the ground light greY,with fourdarker grey stripes that &re narrowly bordered by brown,
the mesaledgesof the intermediate stripes forming a single
conspicuous median vitta ; humeral and anterolateralnewor little-knoumtipulidre.

739

portions of prrescutum infuscated, the posterior portions
before the suture slightly more brightened ; scutum withmedian area buffy B^rey,each lobe with two darker grey
areas that are ringed with brown ; scutellum yellowish
grey, with a delicate brown median line, parascutella
chiefly pale ; mediotergite yellow, sparsely pruinose,
broadly infuscated on sides and with t narrorv capillarybrown vitta. Pleura and pleurotergite chiefly yellorv, theformer with a narrow longitudinal brown stripe extending
from the cervical region acrossthe propleura and anepi-sternum, becorningobsoleteon the pteropleurite; ventral
sternopleurite more greyish. Halteres with stem yellow,
knob infuscated,its apex slightly brightened. Legs withthe coxrc ancl trochanters yellow ; femora obscureyellow,
the tips rather narrowly but conspicuouslyblackened,theamount subequalon all legs ; tibire and basitarsi brownish
black to black; claws (female)simple. Wings brownish
yellow, restrictedly patterned with dark l:rown, brownish
grey and yellowish subhyaline, the darkest areasincludinga small spot at origin of -Esand a broad se&mover the entire
length of the first section of Cuy, chiefly in cell M, morenarrowed over the distal section of Cu1, and tn-cu ; paler
brown washes in the prearcular field, cells C and Sc,
conspicuously over the basal section of vein M, and as
extensive areas in the outer portions of both Anal cells ;stigma relatively inconspicuous,light brown ; the palest
areasinclude the basesof both Anal cells, two apical lines
in cell lst A, the smaller one adjoining vein lst A, and witha similar line in outer end of cell Cu; pale spots in basesof cells M, and Znd,M r; obliterative areai small andrestricted ; veins brown. Macrotrichia on veins -Br,distal
section of Ra,.s,M L and, in cases,ll[ z. Venation : r?selongate, slightly exceedingtwice the length of nx-cu; cell
-8, only slightly narrowed at near mid-length, the veins at
this point nearly parallel ; nx and petiole of cell M I
lqbequal or the latter shorter ; rn-cu at fork of Mr+4 or on
M oimmediately beyond origin.r
Abdominal segmentsbrown, vaguely more brightened atbases,the proximal tergite with indications of three stripes
9n a, more pruinose ground ; lateral borders of tergites
broadly grey or yellowish grey. ovipositor with valves
long and slender. rn the paratype, the abdominal tergites
are more variegated, yellowish basally, brown apically,7.40

Dr. C. P. Alexa:rdaron

with indications of & more or less distinpt darker med.ian
vitta on the more proximal segments.
Hah. Peru (Ayacucho, Junin).
Ilolotype, ?, Yanamonte, A5'acucho, in fog-forests,
altitude gOOO-4t00metres, August 28, l94l (Woytkowski).
Paratype, ?, Carpapata, Tarma, Junin, altitude 2600
metres, May 1, 1940 (WoYtkouslci).
Holorusia (Holorusia\ juturna is most, similar to species
such as I/. (H.) lassulnAlexander,H. (H.) uniatra, sP.r.,
and other, differing conspictiouslyin the coloration of theantennre and in the pattern of the mesonotum and wings.
Holorusia (Holorusia) calypso,sp. n.
Size large (*ing, female, over 24 mm.) ; antenna
relatively long ; mesonotal prrescutum obscure _yellow,
with four poorly-defined brownish-grey stripes that are
narrowly bordered by brown ; femora brownish yellow,
with a, brown terminal or nearly terminal ring ; wings
broad, greyish yellow, restrictedly variegated with darker
brown ;- a seriqs of strong trichia along the posteriorborder of the stigma.
about 2l mm. ; wing 24'5 mm. ;Iemale.-Length
antenna about' 4'7 mm.
Frontal prolongation nearly as long as rem&inder of head,obscure yellow above, more infuscated on sides ; nasus
elongate ; palpi brown, the third segment and apical thirdof terminal segment obscure brownish 1-ellou-. Antennre
much longer than in juturna, :rith about the proximal six
segmonts pale ; succeeding segments u-eaklv bicoloured,dark basally, the nalrow tips paler ; outer segrnents
uniformly brownish blacli ; basal flagellar segment
elongate, the segments thence graduall;' decreasing inlength outwardly ; proximal three or four flagellar seg:ments with a few scattered small seta near their basal
portion. Head with front a4d anterior vertex_ orangojrelow ; posterior portion of head more infuscated,sparsely pruinose ; a Yague capillary dark line on posteriorvertex.
Pronotum obscure orange, narrowly darkened mediallybehind. Mesonotal prascutum obscure yellow, thehumeral region more orange ; disk with four rather poorlydefined brownish-grey stripes that are very narrowly
and vaguely bordered by brown ; scutal lobes weaklyneu)or little-knoumTipulidre.

\711

infuscated but without distinct pattern ; scutellum andpostnotum brown, sparselypruinose,the former with three
more or less'distinct brownish spots on base, the lateralpair depressed; mediotergite yellowish grey, with a na row
central line ; pleurotergite more yellowed. Pleura anddorsopleural region yellow ; a very restricted brown
longitudinal stripe on the cervical sclerites and propleura,on the anepisternum much paler 'and more diffuse to
scarcely evident. Halteres with stem brownish yellow,
restrictedly clearer;rellowat base,knob infuscated,paler at'
apex. Legs with coxre yellow, sparsely pruinose; trochanters yellow ; femora obscure brownish yellow with abrown ring at apex, somewhat deeper in colour on its
proximal portion ; tibire and tarsi obscureyellow, the tipsof the individual segments very narrowly darkened.
Wings broad, greyish yellow, restrictedly variegated withdarker brown ; prea,rcular field infuscated, cell C lightyellow, cell 8c a trifle darker ; stigma yellowish brown, its. posterior bord.ermore darkened ; the darker brown pattern
includes a relatively small area at origin of .Es,seamsalongveins Cu, m-cu and zrd A, and weaker brown clouds over
the anterior cord, basal section of vein Mr, and lessevidently over the proximal ends of the outer radial veins ;veins brown, more yellowish brown in the brighter
portions. Sparse macrotrichia on vein .E, ; a series ofabout L2 strong trichia in posterior portion of stigma.
Venation : -Es nearly twice n'L4u; veins Rs and Rn*u
only slightly approximated at near mid-length ; vein Rn*udeflected caudad, ending close to *iog tip ; n?,& little
longer than the petiole of ceII M ,; rn-cu before the forkof M r*n.
Abdominal tergites brownish yellow, the intermediate
onessomewhatcleareryellow, darkenedon sidesnear apex;
tergites six to nine more uniformly darkened ; lateral
tergal borders broadly grey pruinose ; sternites more
uniformly yellow.
H ab. Ecuador (Tungurahua).
Holotype, Q, Rio Blanco, near Baflos, altitude 1900
metres,March 1939 (Macintyre).
Although similar in the general pattern of the thorax toHolorusia (Ilolorusia) juturncl, sp.tr., the present fly iswell distinguished b.y the elongate antenna, distinct
pattern of thorax, legs and wings, slight differences in742

Dr. C. P. Alexandero'n

venational details, and in the presenceof rather numerous
macrotrichia in the stigma of wing.
Holorusia (Holorusia) f,auogenualis, sp. n.
Size relatively large (wing, male, 22 mm.) ; antennar(male) elongate ; central portion of vertex pale ; mesonotal prrescutum with four reddish-brown stripes thatare n&rrowly bordered b.v brown ; thoracic pleura conspicuously striped longitudinall.y with light yellow anddark brown; femora with subterminal brownish-black ring,
the tips and bases of the tibie abruptly yellow ; wings
medium brown, restrictedly patterned with dark brown,
pale yellow and whitish subhyaline ; macrotrichia on veins-8, and Rn*u; male hypopygium with the posteriorborder of the ninth tergite broadly notched, the vestitureof the lobes pale and normal ; outer dististyle with outerhalf expanded into an asymmetrical head ; dorsal crestof irurer dististyle low and obtuse, with sparse reddish
set're.
Male.-Length about lg mm. ; wing 22 mm.; antenna
about 7 mm.
Iremale.-Length
about 22 mm.; wing 23 mm. ;antenna about 4'2 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head relativelv long, subequalin
length to the remainder, obscure .r'ellow, u'ith a brorvn
lateral line; nasus long ancl slender. tuftect rvith clar:ksetre; palpi obscurebrownish vellow, tire terminal segrnent
uniforml;r black. Antennreof male much lo'ger tla* thatof female ; about the proximal five segm.entsyellow, thesucceeding ones more darkened ; flageilar segments inmale somewhat obliquely truncated at ends, the extreme
base a triflle produced on one side ; in female, segments
more nearly cylindrical, the intermediate ones vaguely
bicoloured. Head in front obscure yellow, on vertex
cinnamon brown, with a conspicuouspale yellow rnedianline ; a small darkened spot on anterior vertex adjoiningeye.
Pronotum dark brown medially, vaguely divided by acapillary pale line ; lateral portions obscure brownish
yellow. Mesonotal prrescutum reddish brown, with fbur'
stripes ,the intermediate pair almost, of the colour of theground, narrowly bordered by darker brown ; lateral
stripes darker but bordered by slightly darker brown ;newor little-knownTipulidre.

743

humeral and lateral portions of prrescutum strongly
infuscatecl ; scutal lobes testaceous brown, vaguely
patterned witlr darker, the anterior portion more yellowed ;scutellum pale yellowish brown ; mediotergite pale brown,
sparselv pruinose, with three more or less distinct brownlines, the central one capillary ; pleurotergite yellow.
Pleura with a broad and conspicuouslongitudinal yellow
stripe on the dorsopleural region and adjoining sclerites,
margined above, before the wing root, by u na row black
streak ; ventrad of the yellow stripe an abrupt dark brown
stripe, narrower or of nearly the same width, extending
from the cervical qegion to the anterior border of thepteropleurite ; ventral pleurites paler brown. Halteres
weakly infuscated, the base of stem and apex of knob
restrictedly obscure yellow. Legs with the coxre obscureyellow, the fore ancl middle pairs a little more darkened ;trochanters y-ellow; femora obscureyellow, with a narrow
but conspicuous brou.nish-black subterminal ring, thenano\r'er apex abruptl;' r'ellorv ; tibire brownish black, thebaseabruptl"v vellou,, in amount slightlv greater than thefemoral tips ; tarsi elorrgate,brown to brownish black ;claws of male biclentate, of female simple. Wings
relativeh' narrow in male, slightly broader in female ;ground-colour medium brown, restrictedly patterned withdarker brown and whitish subhyaline ; cells C and Bc
obscure yellow ; stigma dark brown ; small but conspicuous dark brown clouds at origin of .Bs and posterior
end of nx4u; a paler brown wash over basal section of
M s ; prearcular field and base of cell znd, A strongly
darkened ; small but conspicuous whitened obliterative
areas before stigma and on basal section of M r*r; asimilar whitened streak above the stigma ; small more;,'ellowedareasnear basosof cells M ,, 2nd,M , and M r, andnear outer ends of cells -Euand M r; a, conspicuouspalestreak in cell Cubehind the vein ; small pale marginal lines
on either side of vein Ist A and in cell Ist A before thtermination of vein znd A; veins dark brown, 8c, .E and2nd, A more yellowed. Macrotrichia on vein -Br, distal
haH of. Rnnuand, in cases,very sparsely on M, and M z.
Venation: .Bsnearly twice the short m-cu; nasubequal tothe petiole of cell Mr; nx-cu at or closeto fork of Mr*n
Basal abdominal tergites obscure yellow, the posteriorborders narrowl.y brown, becoming more extensive on the744

Dr. C. P. Alexanderon

outer segments; tergites five to eight with the_margins,
especialty ttt" lateraf angles, more extensively darkened :hypopygium yellow. In female, the segments appear
oi"ltr harker but this apparently is due to internal discolouration. Male hypopygium with the tergite t'ransverse, the eaudal bordef with a broad V-shaped emargination, the lobes colrespondingly widened, the vestiture of
normal elongate setre only.- Outer dististyle p-"1": theclistal half expanded into an asymmetrical heacl,the lower
angle being ito"" produced than the upper one. fnnerdisiistyte riitfr the beak rather narrowly obtuse ; dorsal
crest ielatively low, provided with spa,rsereddish setre;groups of blackenedspiculrcof moderate size. Phallosome
ioittt^tne apophysesbroadly flattened and obtuse, the surface with abundant delicate silken setulre.
Hab. Peru (Ayacycho).
Holotypa, 3, Yanamonte, in fog-forests, altitude 300o4100*"t""*,July 20, 1941(Woytltouski). Allotopotype,?,l, 1941.
September'Holorusia(Holor'usi,a).frtuogenualisis rnost similar toH. (H.) lassula Alexandei, cliffering conspicuouslyin thecoloration of the legs and in all details of structure of themale hypopygium.
Holor'usia (Holorusia) nigrosetoso,sp. n.
close to flaaogenualis; femora dark brown, the tips notor scarcelybrightened ; male hypopygium rvith the ninth
tergite tri,nsve-rse,its posterior border with ? very broad
utt,I shallow U-shaped notch that is provided with abundant black setrethat becomesmore abundant and concentratecl on the unusually small lateral lobes.
about 17 mm. ; wing I9'5 mm' ;Male.-Length
antenna about 4'l mm.
Frontal prolongation of head greyish_yellow,- weakly
clarker on tid"* f nu*ut long and slender ; palpi darkbrown, terminal segment black. Antennre relatively
short, greenish yellow-,the cuter segmelts a little darker ;cylindrical, the _ first w"ith several
flagelia"r ' teg*"nt*sca"tteredsefre on pro*imal third. Head with fron! paleyellow, vertex rich^reddish brown on sides, with a broadconspicuouspale median striPe._
Pionotum rich brown medially above, more testaceous
yellow on sides. Mesonotal prrescutum with four reddish-new or little-lcnownT$ulidec.

745

brown stripes that are narrowly bordered by darker
brown, the humeral and lateral portions more uniformly
dark brown ; posterior sclerites of notum brown, thesiutellum somewhat darker ; mediotergite sparsely
pruinose,with a capillary central dark vitta ; pleurotergite
pale yellow. Pleura with a,, conspicuous pale yellow
longitudinal stripe, chiefly occupying the dorsopleuralregion, restrictedly more darkened above before wing root
and with a conspicuousbrownish-blacklongitudinal stripe
immediately beneath ; ventral pleurites paler brown ;posterior sclerites of pleura clear yellow. 'Halteres withstem brownish yello#, the baseclearer,the knob infuscatedat,base,its tip paler. Legs with the fore and middle coxre
brown, the posterior pair paler; trochanters obscureyellow ; femora dark brown, the tips not or scarcely
brightened ; tibire and tarsi dark brown, the basesof thd
former restrictedly whitened ; claws (male) bidentate.
Wings slightly teneral, evidently with both the venationand pattern much as in flauogenualis.
Abdomen somewhat teneral, dark brown, the tergal
incisionspaler ; hypopygium more yellowed. Male hypopygium.with the ninth tergite quite different from that of
fiauogerutalis,transverso,the posterior border with a verybroad and shallow U-shaped notch, the lateral lobes
correspondinglysmall and rounded ; posterior border oftergite with abundant black setre that become more
numerous and congestedon the lobes to form small tufts
or brushes. Apex of outer dististyle curved strongly to
one side, obtusely rounded. Inner dististyle with thedorsal crest obtuse, with unusually sparse pale elongate
seta.
Hab. Peru (Ayacucho).
Holotype, J, Yanamonte, in fog-forests,altitude 30004100meters,October5, l94l (Woytkoutski).
Although the present fly is closely allied to Holorusia(Holorusia)flaaogenualis,sp.r., I feel that it is distinct
sincecertain important structuresof the male hypopygium
are quite different in the two flies.
Holorusia (Holorusia)monostictuln,sp. n.
Size relatively large (wing, male, over 20 mm.) ;mesonotal prrescutum with the restricted ground buffy,
with four greystripesthat arenarrowly borderedby brown,
the most conspicuousline of the latter being a capillqry
53
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. ll. Vol. xii.

746

Dr. C. P. Alexanderon

median vitta ; basalflagellar segmentsweakly bicoloured;femora yellow, the tips rather broadly and conspicuously
brownish black ; wings brownish yellow, the prearcularfield and costal border darker brown, eell Cu and stigma
paler brown ; cell Jk/conspicuouslywhitened ; a small butvery conspicuousbrown spot at the point of union of m<uand Cu; vein -8, unusually straight ; male hypopygiumwith the tergal lobes conspicuous,without a median
denticle ; inner dististyle with three separate areas of
blackenedspines.
Male.-Length about 19-20mm. ; wing 22-23'5mm. ;anteruraabout 3'L3'5 mm.
Femalo.-Length about 22 mm.; wing 25 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head buffy yellow, with a,sparse pruinosity ; nasus stout, entire, with abundant
elongate setre; palpi brown. Antenna relatively shortand simple ; basalthree segmentsyellow, succeedingfour
or five weakly bicoloured,pale brown, the apex narrowly
yellow, outer segmentsmore uniformly darkened; intermediateflagellarsegmentswith their basesslightly swollen,
tapering gradually into the more narrowed tip ; terminal
segment elongate, about two-thirds the penultimate.
Head brown, the front and anterior vertex a trifle morebrightened ; posteriororbits very narrowly grey pruinose;
anterior vertex about three times the diameter of scape;no vertical tubercle.
Pronotum above infuscated medially, the remainder
morerbrownish yellow. Mensonotalprrescutumwith therestricted ground buffy, with four grey stripes that are
narrowly bordered by brown, the most conspicuouslineof the latter coJourbeing a capillary median vitta ; lateralborders of intermediate stripes much more vaguelydarkened, the mesal darkened edge of the lateral stripe
again more evident ; lateral prrescutal borders morestrongly infuscated; scutum obscurebrownishyellow, eachlope with two confluent grev areas; scutellum obscureyellow; postnotum pale gref , the mediotergitewith a pale
brown linear central stripe. Pleura light gref, vaguely
patterned with darker grey ; dorsopleural membranemore buffy. Halteresbrownishyellow to pale brown, baseof stem narrowly more brightened. Legswith cox& buffy,
sparsely pruinose; trochanters obscure yellow ; femora
yellow, tips rather broadly ancl conspicuouslybrownish

new or little-knoumTipulidre.

747

black, the amount subequal on all legs, on the fore femora
including about the distal eighth ; tibire and proximal twosegments of tarsi obscureyellow, the tips more narrowly
darkened ; outer tarsal segments dark brown ; claws(male) conspicuous toothed.
Wings brownish yellow
subhyaline, restrictedly patterned with darker brorvn andsubhyaline, the darkest pattern including the prearc'ular
field, cells C and Bc, behind encroachingslightly on cell .B ;stigma and a broad wash in cell Cu paler brown ; a small
but corrspicuousdark brown spot at junction of m-cu andCur; outer radial cells a trifle darker than the ground ;the clearest area appears as a broad whitish streak thatoccgoiesvirtual]v all of cell M and most of cell Cu, ; rreins
brownish yellow, somewhat darker in the infuscated areas.
Venation : .Bs moderately long; less than twice nx--cu;vein -8, almost straight, subequal to n'L-cu; cell Lst M,
short-pentagonal,m longer than the petiole of cell M ,.
Abclominal tergites reddish brorvn, with a rnediandarker brorvn stripe ; lateral tergal borders light grey;
sternites brolvnish I'ellorv : subterminal segments more
uniformly darkened to form a more or less distinct ring ;hypopygium chiefly light .\'ellow. Male hypopygium withthe caudal border of tergite with a deep V-shapednotch,
the conspicuouslateral lobes divergent, their apices andmesal borders with conspicuous strong black setre; nomedian denticles. Outer dististyle obtuse at tip, about
three times as long as broad. Inner dististyle with three
separateareas of blackened spines ; posterior crest rather
strongly produced, provided with strong pale setre.
Hqh. Peru, Ecuador.
Holotype, 6, Huanuco, Huanuco, Peru, altitude 2000
metres,September17, 1937(Woytkowski). Paratypes,I Q,
Huanta, Huanta, Peru, altitude 3900metres,April 5, l94l
(Woytkowslci); I d, El Calere,near San .fuan, Chimborazct,
Bcuador, altitude 3400metres,April 22, 1939(Brown).
The present fly is most sirnilar to species such as
Holorusia (Holorusio) calaicornis (Edwards), differing inall details of coloration and in the structure of, the malehypopygium.
Holorusia (Holorusia) zanlor&,sp. n.
Size relatively small (wing, female, 16 mm.) ; generalcoloration of mesonotum brown, the prrescutum without
53*

748

Dr. C. P. Alexanderoa

clearly-definedstripes; pleura and pleurotergite abruptly
clear light yellow ; legs pale brown ; wings obscurewhitish subhyaline, variegated with pale brown washes
and darker brown &reas,including a large spot in cell Jl,/;cell C infuscated,Sc clearlight yellow ; fts nearly twice aslong as nx-cu,the latter at near mid-length of vein Mg+ai
abdominaltergites conspicuouslypatterned, segmentaone
four, five and eight chiefly yellow, two, three, six and sevendark brown ; ovipositor with cerci conspicuouslycompressed-flattened,the hypovalva very small, their tips
acutely pointed.
Female.-Length about 14mm. ; wing 16mm. ;antenna about 2'9 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head testaceousyellow ; nasus
distinct, dark brown ; palpi brown, the elongateterminal
sggment paling to light yellow at tip. Antennre withscapeandpedicelobscureyellow,flagellumgreenishbrown;
flagellar segments cylindrical, the first about twice
the second; succeedingsegments gradually decreasing
in length; segmentswith sparsescatteredblack verticils.
Head above brownish gt"y, the front yellow ; posterior
orbits clear light grey ; anterior vertex relatively broad,nearly four times the diameter of scape; no vertical
tubercle.
Pronotum light brown medially, paler on sides. Mesonotal prrescutumalmost uniformly light brown, without
clearly-definedstripes; psuedo-suturalfovere small andvery inconspicuous; prrescutal setre short and sparse;
posterior scleritesof notum brown, the scutal lobes nearsuture somewhat more blackened; posterior third of
mediotergitepaler yellow ; parascutellaand pleurotergite
yellow. Pleura, including dorsopleuralmembrane, clear
pale yellow, unpatterned. Halteres with stem brownish
black, the base narrowly but abruptly light yellow ;knob somewhatdarker with the extremetip vaguely pale.
Legswith all coxreand trochanterspaleyellow; remainderof legspalebrown. Wingswith the ground-colourobscurewhitish subhyaline,variegatedwith pale brown washesanddarker brown areas; cell C infuscated,especiallyon basal
portion, cell Sc uniformly pale yellorv ; stigma and arectangularareaat near mid-length of cellM darker brownthan the remainingpattern ; a restrictedpaler brown cloud: nal:row brown seamsab origin of .Es.
beyond a,Tculusnetuor little,-knownTipulidre.

749

along cord, and as very narrow seams over the veins
beyond the cord ; obliterative areas at, cord relatively
conspicuous; veins brown. Venation: .Es about twoand-one-haH times Rr*, or nearly twice rn-cu; Rt+z
unusually short and oblique, a trifle more than one-thirdRs; distal section of Rn*u only moderately sinuous, cell
RB being only slightly constricted beyond mid-length ;cell lsf M z with outer end pointed, na oblique, about
two-thirds the petiole of cell M t; nl,-cu just before
mid-length of Mr*n
Abdomen with first tergite abruptly light yellow,
contrasting with the brown second and third tergites ;tergites four and five again extensively paler, brownish
yellow, with broad yellow borders ; tergites six and sevendark brown, the lateral borders broadly, the posterior
margins more narrowly yellow ; tergite eight chiefly
yellow ; sternites yellow ; genital shield testaceousyellow.
Ovipositor with cerci conspicuouslycompressed-flattened,
the tips narrowly obtuse ; hypovalvre very small, the tips
aeutely pointed.
Hab. Ecuador (Santiago-Zamora).
\
700
Holotype, Q, Zambi, Rio Zamora, altitude
metres,November 2, 1941 (Laddey).
Holorusia, (Holorusia) zamora is most similar to small
speciesthat are allied to H . (H .) lauis Alexander, differingfrom all in the peculiar pattern of the abdominal tergites
and in the details of u'ing pattern and venation. The
structure of the ovipositor provides further distinctive
characters from these speciesin rvhich the female sex is
known.
Holorusia (Holorusia)aeuttstyln,sp.n.
Allied to strongalia ; mesonotal pr.rscutum with four
reddish-brownstripeson a brown ground; antennre(male)of moderate length, basal flagellar segments weakly
bicoloured ; femora obscure brownish yellow, narrowly
dark brown at tips ; wings with an unusually heavy andcontrasted pattern of whitish subhyaline, dark brown andpaler greyish brown ; cell .B only slightly variegated withpaler, the cells beyond cord almost uniformly darkenod ;male hypopygium with the outer dististyle long andslender,gradually narrowed to a short acute spinoustip.

750"

Dr. C. P. Alexanderon

Male.-Length about 17 mm. ; wing 18 mm. ; antenna
about 5 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head brown, the long conspicuous nasus darker ; palpus with basal two segments
black, the third and base of fourth brown, the apex of thelatter faling to obseure yellow. Antennre moderately
long, aJshown by the measurements; scapobrown, pedicel
brownish yellow ; basal flagellar segtrents weakly bicoloured, dark brown basally, the apex obscure brownish
yellow, on the basal segmentsincluding about the outerhalf or less, the outer segments more uniformly darkbrown ; flagellar segments subcylindrical, a trifle constricted at, near mid-length, the surface with an abundant
short dense pubescence; one or trvo short setre on outer'face
at apex ; terminal segmentsa little more than onethird the length of the penultimate and much more slender.
Head light yellow on front, behind the antenna brown,,stiller darker brown on the posterior vertex.
Pronotum infuscated medially, paler on sides. Mesonotal prascutum with the ground brown, with four more
reddish-brown stripes, the median dark line only a little
narrower than the darkenings of the interspaces; scutum
dark brown, each lobe slightly variegated with more
reddish brown ; scutellum obscure reddish yellow,
restrictedly more darkened at base, parascutella darkbrown ; mediotergite brown, the precipitous posterior
portion obscureyellow. Pleura and pleurotergite yellow,
the dorsopleural membrane weakly darkened ; pleurotergite slightly pruinose. Halteres brownish black, thebase of stem narrowly vellow, the apex of knob vaguely'
more brightened. Legs with coxreand trochanters yellow;
femora obscure brownish yellow, the apex narrowly clarkbrown ; tibire paler brown ; tarsi brown ; claws (male)bidentate. Wings with an unusually heavy pattern ofwhitish subhyaline, dark brown and palet greyish brown ;whitish areal restricted to the basesof cells Cu, lst A andznd A, an area at near one-thirdthe length of cell M and anoven more extonsive one at two-thirds the length; a large,
more whitened prestigmal area ; in cell "E with a linear
streak near the cephalic portion, extending almogt to theorigin of .Es ; ceilsbeyond cord almost uniformly darkened,
including lsf M z; the basal portion of cell fir *t!h a small
paler spot ; a najor darker a,reain basesof cells R and M ;'newor little-lcnownTipulidre.

751

at near mid-length of cell M adjoining vein Cu; and as
conspicuousseams over nl,-cuand adjoining veins ; cell
Bc uniformly dark brown, much darker than cell C ;stigma concolorouswith the darkened cells beyond cord
but narrowly ringed and delimited by incomplete darker
lines ; veins dark brown, paler in the obliterative portions.
Venation : ,Bs long, about, twice rl-cu; cell -8, strongly
constricted at near mid-length; celllsf M z relatively
small, pentagonal; rn4u at near two-thirds Msaa i petioleof cell Jy', just over one-half the length of the cell.
Abdominal tergites dark reddish brown, the posteriorborders a trifle darker ; lateral margins paling to obscureyellow ; sternites more uniformly yellow ; subterminal
segmentsmore darkened, forming a more or less distinct
ring ; hypopygium obscurebrownish yellow. Male hypopygium with the caudal border of tergite trilobed, thelateral lobes triangular in outline, subacute at tip, theirmesal margin with numerous flat blackened spines thatare more or less cultrate in shape; median tergal lobe
shorter,obtuse,pale, without armature. Outer dististylelong and slender,gradually narrowed outwardly, the apex
a short acute spine. Inner dististyle with the beak short
but relatively slender; dorsal crest conspicuous, its
posteriorportion almost a right angle; surfaceof style withunusually numerous blackened peg-like spines, arrangedin three more or less distinct groups.
H ob. Bcuador (Santiago-Zamora).
Holotype, 6, Zlumbi, P"io Zamora, altitude 700 metres,
November9, l94l (Ladd,ey).
Readily distinguishedfrom all other speciesof the genus
with heavily patterned wings, with the exception ofHolorusia (Holorusi,a)strangali,aAlexander, by the sUructure of the male hypopygium. From the latter it differs
in the coloration of the body and wings and in the detailsof hypopygial structure, especially.the two dististyles.
Holorusia (Ilolorusia) uistifera, sp. tr.
Allied to sinuosa; antennre very short ; mesorrotal
prrescutumbrownish grey, with four inconspicuousbrown
stripes that are borderedby slightly darker brown ; wings
whitish subhyaline, very heavily and conspicuously
patterned with dark brown ; male hypopygium with thetergite notched, with a small median lobule at base of

752

Dr. C. P. Alexanderon

emargination, the lateral lobes large ; inner dististyle onouter third with an elevated crest that is set withblackened points.
about 19 mm. ; wing 20'5 mm. ;Male.-Length
antenna about 2'3 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head relatively short, less than
the remainder, dark brown ; nasus very long and conspicuous ; basal three segmentsof palpi brownish blaek,
the incisuresrestrictedly pale ; terminal segmentelongate,
brownish black subbasally, the outer three-fourths paling
to yellow. Antennre unusually short ; scapedark brown,
restrictedly paler at tip ; pedicel and flagellum obscurebrownish yellow ; flagellar segments subcylindrical ;verticils relatively conspicuous,particularly on the outer
segmentsand on the outer facesof the others. .Front andanterior vertex yellow, posterior vertex more infuscated ;a somewhat depressedarea on anterior vertex, extended
into a point between the anterrnal fossre.
Pronotum light brown. Mesonotalprrescutumbrov"nishgref, with four inconspicuous brown stripes that arebordereo by slightly darker brown ; scutal lobes similarly
infuscated, the central area darh grey ; cephalic lateralborders of scutal lobes and adjacent margins of the suture
velvety black, more extensive on sides, the scutal lobes
immediately behind this slightly more brightened ; scutellum light brown, with a capillar.v black median line :parascutella more brownish grey' ; mediotergite broun.
strongly protuberant behind mid-length ; pleurotergite
dark brownish grey, the lower or cephalichalf of the katapleurotergite yellow. Pleura chiefl;' gref ish t-ellow, thedorsal portions of the mesepisternumand adjacent parts ofthe dorsopleural membrane weaklv infuseated. Halteresbrownish yellow, brighter at base,knob darkened, paler atapex. Legs with coxrc testaceous, sparselv pruinose ;trochanters yellow ; femora obscure brorwrish y-ellow,thetips narrowly brownish black, tibire and basitarsi lightbrown ; remainder of legs broken. lVings whitish
subhyaline,'very heavily and conspicuouslvpatterned withdark brown, about as in sinuosa; dark areasat baseand at
one-third the length of cells ,B and M complete, isolating
the ground areas, these further broken by u brown seamalong vein M, intnrconnecting the varioui brown areas inthis field ; outer radial field, excepting cell .Bu,chiefly dark

'nelaor little-knownTipulidrc.

753

brown with more brownish-yellow centres; outer t'wothirds of cell -Euwhitened ; antestigmal pale band conspicuous,extending from costa to the baseof cell LstM ,;centre of cell M , and basesof cells M, and M o rcstrictedly
pale ; outer endsof cellsCu, LstA and 2ru1A broadly paler
brown, the proximal portions whitenbd,very extensivelyin
cell Cu, broken by an arcular darkening in the anal field ;cell C y'ellow,4arrowly darkenedat both ends,cell Sc morebrownish yellow ; veins dark brown. Veins beyond cordand behind vein .8, glabrous. Venation : vein -8, strongly
arcuated ; vein Rn*u very sinuous, narrowing cell R, at
ne&r mid-length.
Basal abdominal tergites reddish brown, restrictedly
patterned with darker brown, including a capillary medianline and broader sublateral darkenings; distal half oftergite two and succeedingssegments more uniformly
dark brou'n, with indications of a still darker central area,
posterior borders of outer segmentsbecoming somewhat
paler ; lateral tergal borders broadly pale ; sternites darkbrown, on outer segmentsthe posterior borders broadly
yelllow. Male hypopygium with the tergite extensive,thecaudal margin with a broad notch, the lat'eral lobes
triangular, conspicuous; at baseof notch a small, weakly
emarginate median lobe, the margins of all lobes with aborder of blackened spinous seta. Outer dististyle
relatively nariow, simple, the outer third narrowed to theobtuse apex. Inner dististyle complex, the outer third
more or lessseparatedfrom the baseby u constriction, thesurfacoof the outer portion with a raisedridge or low crest,
both the outer and central portions of style rvith numerous
small blackenedpoints.
Hab. Bcuador (Santiago-Zamora).
Holotype,6, Mayaico, Rio Nangarico, altitude 1000
'metres,November16, l94t (Laddey).
The most similar species is Holorusia (Holorusia)
sinuosaAlexander, which.differs especiallyin the coloration and in the structure of the male hypopygium, particularly of the ninth tergite and inner dististyle.
Nephrotanna,ca,cuminis,sp. n.

aGeneral coloration black and yellow, the former colour
including three prrescutal stripes, the lateral pair entirely

754

Dr. C. P. Alexanderon

polished, curved laterad to the border of sclerite ; flagellar
segments beyond the first uniformly blackened, moderately incised ; occipital brand broad and conspicuous;
knobs of halteres yellow ; wings with a faint yellowish
tinge, cell Sc and the stigma brown, the latter withtrichia ; abdomen reddish, in male variegated with black
to form a subterminal ring ; male hypopygium with theouter dististyle strongly narrowed outwardly ; innerdististyle with the beak pale, slender ; eight sternite with
its apex scarcelyemarginate, the median region provided
with long setre and produced into a broad membranouslobe.
Male.-Length about 10.5-l I mm. ; wing 9'8-10'2mm.;
anteruraabout 3.L3.5 mm.
Female.-Lengthabout 12mm. ; wing ll mm.
Frontal prolongation of head light yellow, narrowly
darkened medially above, including the long nasus ;palpi with basalthree segmentstestaceousyellow, terrninal
one blackened. Antenna with sca,pe yellow, pedicel
weakly infuscated ; first flagellar segmentyellowish brown,
remainder of flagellum black ; segmentsrather strongly
incised. Head orange, more yellowed on front andposterior orbits ; vertical tubercle conspicuous,with a verysmall brown spot near summit and with still another spoton either side adjoining border of eye ; occipital branddark brown, conspicuous,more or lessshield-shaped,withboth ends pointed.
Pronotum medially broadly sulphur vellow, brownish
black on sidesand on propleura. Mesonotumlight yellorv,
conspicuouslypatterned with black, the prrescutumwith
three stripes ; lateral pair bent laterad to the border ofsclerite, entirely polished ; median stripe entire, notcrossing tho suture behind; lateral stripes crossing the.suture onto the scutal lobes where each unites withtwo confluent' scutal &re&s; remainder of scutum
yellow ; scutellum black, parascutella yellow ; mediotergite with a conspicuous l-shaped black marking,restricting the yellow areas to the antero-lateral portions ;pleurotergite chiefly black, the callosity of the katapleurotergite yellow. Pleura conspicuously variegatedlight yellow and black, the latter on the ventral sternopleurite, ventral anepisternum, on suture between thelatter and the pteropleurite, and on meron; dorsopleural
membrane yellow. Halteres with stem reddish brown,new or little-knoumTipulida.

,oo

the base of knob more blackened, its apex light yellow.
Legs with the fore and posterior coxre reddish, more
blackenedat baseor beyond,the mid-cox& more uniformly
yellow ; trochanters reddened; femora yellow, the tips
blackened, somewhat more gradually and extensively soon the fore legs ; tibire obscure yellow or brownish yellow,
the tips more blackened; tarsi black, only the proximal
portions of basitarsi restrictedly paler ; claws (male)
toothed. Wings with a faint yellowish tinge, cell 8c andstigma brown ; stigma with several trichia. Venation :Rs nearly oblique, only a little longer than the basal
section of Rn*r; cell M I narrowly to more broadly
sessile; nx4u a short distance before origin of M u.
Abdomen reddish, variegated with black, including
triangular median and lateral areason posterior portions of
the individual segments,more extensiveon outer segments
to form a blackened subterminal ring (in male), therestricted remainder of hypopygium reddish yellow ;sternites reddened, the subterminal rirg less extensive,
involving segment'sevenand baseof eight ; in female,thedarkenings not forming a ring. Male hypopygium withthe lateral tergal lobes broadly oblique, with numerous
blackened spinous points. Outer dististyle with nearly
the outer half strongly narrowed to a subacute point.
Inner dististyle with beak pale, relatively narrow ; lower
beak blackened; dorsal crest low, glabrous ; extreme
posterior enclof style with a small stout blackenedspinous
point. Gonapophvsespale, appearing as gently curved
clubs, the lower face with a few pale spirious points.
Eight sternite transverse,narrowed posteriorly, the apex
subtruncate, not evidently emarginate, provided with
abundant long yellow seta, the median region somewhat
further produced into a membranouslobe that is directed
more ventrad.
Hab. Ecuador (El Oro).
Holotypa, 6, Pinas, Morro Morro, altitude 1200 metres,
July 2l , I 94I (Ladd,ey). AllotopotApe, ?, pinned with
type. Paratopotypes,I d, I ?.
The present fly is quite distinct from other regional
species such as Nephrotorna alleni (Alexander) and lf.
medioliguln ALexander,differing not only in the details ofbody coloration but especially in the structure of themale hypopygium, particularly the outer dististyle,inner dististyle, gona,pophysesand eight sternite.

756

Dr. C. P. Alexanderon

Limonia (Dicranarnyia\ contristans, sp. n.
Allied to jorgenseni; general coloration grey, theprrescutum with three black discal stripes, in addition to
the blackened lateral borders ; anterurreblack throughout ;femora yellow with a blackened, nearly terminal ring ;male hypopygium with the outer dististyle narrowed atapex into a long straight slender spine ; gonapophyses
with mesal-apicallobe a simple slender black spine.
Male.-Length about 6-6.5 mm. ; wing 6.5-7 mm.
Female.-Length about 6.5-7 mm. ; wing 7-8 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennre black throughout ;basal flagellar segmentssubglobular, the succeedingones
passing through obal to elongate oval, the segmentsrvithvery short, glabrous apical necks ; terminal segment alittle longer than the penultimate ; longest verticils
unilaterally distributed, exceedingthe segmentsin length.
Anterior vertex and a, similar continuation on to theposterior vertex clear gre/, the sidesof the posterior vertex
more blackened, sparsely pruinose ; anterior vertex
slightly wider than the diameter of the scape.
Pronotum blackened, sparsely pruinose ; pretergites
narrowly obscure yellow. Mesonotal prascutum gref,with three brown stripes, in addition to wider and more
conspicuous black lateral borders, the humeral region
more recldened; median stripe narrowed behind, in cases
not reaching the suture ; posterior sclerites of noturu
chiefy grey, more or lessvariegatecltrith clarker; posteriorborder of scutellum more recldened. Pleura blackenecl,
more or lesspruinose,especiallva longiturlinal stripe acrossthe dorsal sternopleurite. Halteres black, the base ofstem restrictedly more brightened. L"g* rvith the forecox& darkened, the remaining coxr€ paler. rnore or lesspruinoso ; trochanters obscure .r-ello*': femora I'ellow
with a blackened, nearl;,' terminal ring ; tibia and tarsi
brown, the outer segmentsof the latter more blackened.
Wings with the ground-colour of the baseand cephalic half
whitened, of the apical and posterior regions more
infuscated ; a conspicuous darker brown pattem,
especially on the cephalic half, contrasting with thewhitened ground, including six major &reas,the third atorigin of -Es, continued distad along .Es in cell -E ; fifth
area stigmal, the fourth a smaller isolated prestigmal spot ;new or little-lcnournTipalidre.

tolsixth darkening in outer radial field, paler on its apicalportion; other darkenings include seams over cord-andouter end of cell l,sf{ r, spots in centresof cells Ruto M n,
inclusive, and a darkening at end of vein 2nd,A-; veinsbrown, paler in the costal field. Venation : Bc, ending
opposite the origin of .Es,rSc,at its tip ; .Esangulated andshort-spurred at origin ; rn-c% some distance before thefork of M, in extreme casesequal to its own length.
Abdomen, including hypopygium, black ; posteriorborders of sternites v€r5r narrowly pale. Male hypopygilm wilh the caudal margin of tergite rather weakly
notched. Basistyle with the ventromesal lobe stoui,simple. Dorsal dististyle stout, abruptly narrowed into a
I_org straight slender spine. Ventral dististyle a small
fleshy lobe, the pale portion smaller in area than the moredarkenedrostral prolongation ; spinesseparated,the outerone a little shorter than the more basalone. Gonapophysis
with mesal-apicallobe a simple slenderblack spine,-theouter margin of the apophvsis before the spine
microscopicallvserrulate.
Hab. Peru (Huanuco,Avacucho).
Holotype, j, Huanta, Huanta, Ayacgcho, d,ltitude
3800 metres, April 14, l94l (Wogtkowski).-Allotopotype,?, altitude 3900 metres, April l, lg4l . Paratopotypes,
geve_ry,Id?, April l-17, l94l ; paratypes, I d, Aynu,
L_1Mar, Ayacucho, altitude 2400 metres, April 30, ig+t
(Woytkowski); I d*, Huanuco, Huanuco, altitude 9000
metres,April l, l94l (Woytkowski).
The only nearly related speciesso far made known isLimonia(Dicranomyia) jorgensenf (Alexander) of
Catamarca, Argentina, which differs in the structure of
the male hypgpygium, particularly of the dorsal dististyleand gonapophysis,and in slight details of coloration andvenation.
i
Limonia (Rhipidia) banosensis,
sp. n.
General coloration light grey pruinose, the prrescutum
variegated wlth more r.eddish-brownstripes ; antennre(male)unusually simple, the flagellar segmentsonly a little
produced_; _*i"gs whitish subhyaline, resirictedly
pa-tternedwilh broryn; no dark spot at near mid-length ofcell Sc : abdomen dark brown, the centres of the outertergites paler ; male hypopygium with the tergal lobes
closeJyapproximated, separatedonly by r small mediannotch, provided with a concentration of conspicuousblack758

Dr. C. P. Alexander anseta ; basistyle with a small lobule at baseof ventromesal
lobe ; rostral spines three, arising close together at near
mid-length of the prolongation, the latter subacuteat tip.
Male.-Length about 6'5 mm. ; wing 7'5 mm.
Rostrum brownish grey ; palpi black. Antennre withscape and pedicel black ; only five flagellar segments
remain, theseunusually simple and but slightly produced,
the distal end abruptly na rowed into a glabrous stem, t'he
lower face very slightly bulging ; flagellar segmentsdark
brown, paler at base and, especially,the whitened apicalstems. Head dark brown, presumably pruinose in fresh
specimens.
Pronotum chiefly dark brown. Mesonotal prrescutum
light grey pruinose,with three more reddish-brownstripes,
the lateral pair very poorly indicated ; humeral region andlateral ends of suture more yellowed ; scutal lobes darkbrown, the median area more pruinose ; scutellum
infuscated basally, the apex obscureyellow ; mediotergite#ey, pleurotergite paler, except on ventral portion.
Pleura grey, striped' longitudinally with dark brown.
Halteres obscureyellow, the baseof stem narrowly yellow,
knob infuscated. Legs with coxre infuscated, especiallythe fore and middle pairs ; trochantersyellow ; remainderof legs broken. Wings whitish subhyaline, with arestricted pale brown pattern that is suggestive of
including small Spots at arculus, origin of -Bs
d,omestica,
and fork of Bc ; stigma pale, encircled by slightly darker
brown ; very narrow and vague seams over cord, outerend of cell lsl M z and as a seam in cell M adjoining
vein Cu ; preareular and costal fields somewhat morb
yellowed, including the veins, the remaining voins brown ;no darkened washes in centres of cells and no darkeningat mid-length of cell ,Sc, basad of origin of -Bs, &s indomestica. llenation : Sc relatively long, Sc, ending justbeyond mid-length of .Es, ,Sc, near its_tip; -Es-straight,
approximately twice as long as -Br_*,; freg tip of Sc, _and
E, in transverse alignment ; cell lsf M z subequal it
length to vein M n; m-cu at or immediately beyond thofork of M.
Basal abdominal tergites dark brown, the sternites
somewhat paler ; outer segmentswith the centres of thedisks much paler ; hypopygium chiefly yellow. Male
hypopygium *ith the tergite semicircular in outline, thenew or little-knownTipulida.

759

entire posterior border strongly rounded, with a, verysmall median notch, the lobes thus closely approximated,
pfo_vid9dwith long conspicuousblackened set*^. Basistylewith the ventromesal lobe blackened, relatively short, iheapeT subtruncate ; on posterior margin at 6asu with amuch smaller lobule that is tipped with several long set&.
Dorsal dististyle relatively long and slend.er, the" outer
third curved, the tip acute, the outer end of style extending
tg leyond t-he margin of the ventral dististyle. ventra]
dististyle relatively small, its total area about one-f,ourth
greater than that of the basistyle ; rostral prolongationstrong ; - spines three, shorter than the plolongation,arising close together at, or just beyond mid-length-of the
prolongation, the latter subacute at tip. Goni,pophysis
with mesal-apicallobe blackened,erect.
Hab. Ecuador (Tungurahua).
_Holotype,6, Baflos, altitude lg00 metres, July, 1986
(M acintyre).
, Although it superficiall.y resembles Limonia (Rhipid,ia\
domestica_(osten Sacken) and other allied forms-, thepresent ny i* quite distinct, differing particularly in the
structure of the antennre, details of wing patt"ern andvenation, and in the structure of the male hypopygium,^
especially the tergite, dorsal dististyle aha vJntral
clististyle.
Atarba (Ischnothrir) capitella, sp. n.
General coloration of thoracic' notum pale brown, thecentral area of prrescutum obscureyellow ; antennre(male)elongate, slightly exceeding the wing in length, theflagellar segments with long-outspreading vertici"ls; legs
dark brown to brownish black ; wingJ with a ,t"orrgbrownish tinge, the prearcular and costal fields more.vellowed; stigma small, darker brown ; sc short, veirr
ftn-short _a1derect, rn<u at near mid-length of the small
cell .lsf M q;
-male hypgpygium with th; spines of theninth sternite
lo-"g and slender, decurved ; eighth sternite
with its caudal border produced into an entiie transverse
lobe, the caudal border of which is subtruncate to weakly
convex, provided with microscopic setulre.
Male--Length about b'b mm- ; wing b mm. ; antenna
about 5'5 mm,

760

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Rostrum yellow ; palpi brownidh black. Antenna(male) slightiy longer lhan the wing ; scape and pedicel
yel-yobscure yellow, flagellum .black; flagellar s_egments
elongatelcylindrical, with long outspreading verticils
scatlered bver the entire length of the segments,withinterpolated shorter setreof lessthan half this lelgth ; thelonge^stverticils are shorter than in seticornis but much
longer than in geminotn; punctures of the major setre.puiset and lesscrowdedthan in geminata. Head obscurebrownish yellow.
Pronotum brownish yellow. Mesonotal prrescut'um
with the central portion obscureyellow, the sides a trifle
more clarkened; posterior sclerites of notum apparently
clarker, but this region of body not clearly visible _in thetype. Pleura obscure yellow. Halteres infuscated, baseof-stem yellow. Legs with the coxre broivnish yellow ;trochanters yellow ; remainder of legs dark brown tobrownish black, the femoral bases restrictedly morebrightened.; tibial spurs very short, _less than thejnsuriounding setre, apparently a trifle longer- thangeminata. Wings with a strong brownish . tinge, the; stigma small,irearcular and costal fields more y_ellowed
harker brown than the ground ; veins dark brownsomewhat paler^sc brown in the brightened costal field.
short, sc, ending just beyond the origin of
venation :-Es,,Sc"exactl.voppositethis origin : -Bsrelatively lon$,
strong\' anguiated bevond origin ; vein -R, short anderect,-u tittt" exceedingthe distance oll margin between
the [ip. of veins Rr*, and --8, ; -vein --Bnsubequal.toRr*r*i; cell tsl Mrrectangular, relatively small, shorterof the veins beyond it, with nx-cu at nearth;;'ury
mid-length.
Abdoiren weakly bicoloured, brown, the incisures,
particularlv the bases, somewhat Pul91; hypgpyqi"Tbrownish yellow, the outer dististyle blackened. Male
hypopygium with the outer_dististyle a gently arcuated"od, i[J upi.al point searcely larger than the subapicalspines; orite" m^arginof style with_abundant appressedtieth, iho*" near the basemuch smaller. Inner dististyleobtuse'strongly" narrowed outwardly, the tip narr-owly
Spine"s of ninth sternite long and slender, strongly
dirrergent and decurved, closely approximated at bases,
thence narrowed tp the acute trp!. Appendageof eighthsternite a transversesuboval lofe, appearing more or less

new or little-knoumTipulidm.

761

capitate, its guter margin subtruncate r.,oweakly eonvex,
provided with microscopic sotula.
Hab. Peru (Junin).
__Holotype, J, _Satipo, Jauja, altitude 900-900 metres,
Muy 29, l9a0 (Paprzycki).
+lth-91_ghthe shape of the lobe of the eighth sternite isquite different,- the_p_resent.
fly is evidentl.v mor" closely
related to Atarba (Ischnothrir) gerninataAlexander than ii
is to certain other speciesthat have this lobe entire, theseincluding .A. (I .) integriloba,Llexander. Comparisorr,swithgeminata have been given in the above descri-ption.
Atarba (Ischnothrir) digitifero, sp. n.
- Allied to geminata; antennre of rnale long, exceeding
the wing ; longest setp conspicuous; mesonotum more or
less-pruinose,the priescuturn with three brown stripes, themedian one especially distinct ; wings very pale brown,
stigma oval, mediurn brown ; l?s anguiated beyond
origin ; male hypoirygium with the outer distist.yle hJving
large and relativell few spinous points along the outerface ;- appendage
9{ eight[ sterniie pale, prJduced into
two slender finger-like lobes.
Male.-Length about o mm..; wing 6.b rnm. ; antenna
about 7 mm.
Rostrum light brown, sparselypruinose ; palpi brownish.,
black. AnterrntB (rnale) elongale, exceediirg the wing;
scape and pedicel brownish_ yellow, Ilagellum blacf, js-egmentsverv elongate-cylindrical ; verticils abund,ant,
distributed over the entire segment, the longest more orless unilaterally arranged ; longest setp ruu"iy four times
the diameter of segment opposite the point-this ofinsertion, in
gerninnta approximately three tirnes
length. Headabove grey, the occipjt"J region a little more br{ghtened.
Fronotum reduced, brown, sparsely pruinoie. Mesonotal prrescutum obscureyellow.on sid-es,^darker
medially,
the surface more or less
with
three
brown stripes,_pruinose,
the central one especially distinct ; scutellum testa.uio,
yellow ; mediotergite light grey pruinose. pleura andpleurotergite _ testaceous yellow, sparselv pruinose.
Halteres broken. Legs with the .o*i und trdchanters
yellow ; remainder of legs pale brownish yellow, theterminal tarsal segments a little darker ; tibial spurs alittle more than one-half as long as tlie surr6u'din! setre.

782

Dr. C. P. Alexandor onc

Wings very pale brown, t'he prearcula,r and costal portions
a little more ybllowed ; stigma small, oval, medium brown ;veins brown, more brownish yellow in the brightened
portions. Venation : ,Sc, ending shortly beyond theorigin of .Es, Sc, a short distance beyond this origin ; .Bs
longer than in geminata, angulated beyond origin ; nx-cu
about one-half to two-thirds its length beyond the forkof M.
Abdomen pale brown, with a darker subterminal ring ;hypopygium yellow, the outer distist)'les blackened.
Male hypopygium with the spines of t'he outer dististylelarger and fewer than in geminnta. Appendage of ninth
sternite almost as in geminata. Appondage of the eighthsternite entirely pale, the colour including the base of theplate and adjoining apical portions of the sternite; lobesof the appendage longer and more slender than ingeminatn,separated by a conspicuous U-shapednotch.
Hab. Peru (Junin).
Holotypa, 3, Huacapistana, Tarma, altitude 3600-5400
feet, February 20, 1940 (Woytkowski).
The most similar speciesis Atnrba (Ischnothrir) geminatn
Alexander, which differs in the coloration, the shorter
antennrc of the male, and in the details of structure of themale hypopygium, especially the outer dististvle andappendageof the eighth sternite.
Atarba (Atarba) tungurahuensis,sp. n.
Allied to bulbifera ; antennce(male) elongat'e,black, theincisures of the more proximal flagellar segmentsnarrowly
brightened ; pubescence of flagellar segments subtended.
by small points to produce a scabrousappeara,nce; femora
yellow, ltre tips. narrowly infuscated ; wings woakly
patterned with brown ; male hypopygium with theappendage of the ninth sternite gently concave at' &pex,
the horns slender ; outer dististyle with the spines
relatively few but large, restricted to the expanded outer
third of style ; irunerdististyle blackened ; gonapophyses
without spines; redeagusrelatively long, without lobes or
protuberances.
Male.-Length about 6 mm. ; wing 6'8 mm. ; antenna
about 5 mm.
Iemql,e.-Length about 6 mm. ; wing 6'5 mm.

newor little-knownTipulidre.

76s

Rostrum obscure brownish yellow ; palpi brownish
black. Antennre (male) elongate ; scape and pedicel
obscureyellorv ; flagella,rsegrnentslong-cylindrical, black,the more proximal ones with the ineisures very
restrictedly yellow, including both the bases and apicesof the segments; verticils unilaterally distributed., slightly
exceeding one-half the length of the segments; entiro
surface with a short orect pubescence,the hairs subtended
by small points to produce a,scabrousappearance. Headtestaceousyellow ; anterior vertex relatively narrow, only
a little wider than the diameter of scape.
Thorax reddish yellow, the surface sparsely pruinose,
somewhat more heavily so on the postnotum and pleurs.
I{alteres with stem yellow, linob weakly darkened. Legs
with the coxre and trochantels testaceous yellow ;remainder of legs vellow, th.etips of femora very narrowly
infuscated ; terminal tarsal segmentsblackened; tibial
spurs distinct. Wings grevish yellow, the prearcular andcostal fields, fogether with a line along vein Cu clearlightyellow ; stigma oi'al, rnectiurn brown and relatively
distinct ; a narrow brown se&nr along cord and lessevidently over the outer end of cell LstM r; veins brown,
yeUow in the brightened areas. Venation : ,Scshort, 8c,
ending opposite or immediately before origin of .Es, Sr,a short distance from its tip, ,Sc, alone subequal to or &little gxceeding r-rn; fts shorb, about twice the basal
section of -8, ; branches of -Es generally parallel to one
another, the anterior one very gently sinuous ; cell Ist M,
shorter than vein M n; rn-cu about one-third to one-half
its own length beyond the fork of M.
Abdominal tergites obscure brownish yellow, the lateral
margins more blackened; subterininal segmentsblack, toform a broad ring ; hypopygium yellow. Male hypop.vgium rvith the appendageof the ninth sternito produced
laterad into a slender spine, the apex gently concave.
Outer dististyle clavate, more expanded on outer half, atapex, further produced into a slender porbion that divides
at epex into two subapical teeth ; the expand.edporbionof style with several appressedteeth, the basal two-thirdsof style unarmed. Inner distist.vle longer, slender,
dark-colourecl.throughout. Gonapophysesi,ppearing &s
pale flattened blades,each more or lesstrough-shapedbui
without spines. /0deagus relatively long, only slightly

764

Dr. C. P. Alexanderon

other lobes or
expanded at, apex and without
protubera,nces.
+Hab. Ecuador (Tungurahua).
Holotype, 6, Above Baflos, altitude 2500 metres, May 6,
f939 (Macintyre). Allotopotype, ?, pirured with type
Paratopotype,I Q, pinned with type.
Ata,rba (Atarba) tungurahuensisis closest,to A. (4.)
bulbifera Alexander, which has the vestiture of theantennp somewhat the same and with the wings likewise
weakly patterned. The two speciesdiffer conspicuously
in several details of structure of the male hypopygium,
particularly the appendage of the ninth sternite, theinner dististyle, and the adeagus.
Teucholabis(Teucholabis)aatnyensis,sp. n.
Allied to breuisetosu; general coloration polished black,the thorax restrictedly variegated with paler ; basal
flagellar segmentsmore or lessenlarged,subglobular, withshort pale apical stems ; posterior basitarsi conspicuously
dilated on about the proximal half ; wings whitish sub,.
hyaline, virtually unpatterned except for the stigma ;abdomen polished black, the posterior borders of thesegments, especially the outer sternites, yellow ; malehypopygium with the outer dististyle bearing a large
lateral branch, the entire style conspicuouslvsetiferous;
apex of redeagusproduced into a large flup that bears
several long coarsesetre.
IlIale.-Length about 4'7-5 mm. ; wing 5'5-5'8 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antenna black ; basal
flagellar segments enlarged, subglobular, separated fromoni another by very short abrupt pale pedicels, theseplaced on one sitle of the central axis so _thelpgments areasymmetr:ical; on the seventh or eighth flagellar segments
the stems are lost and the segmentspassinto oval. Headpolished black.
Thoracic notum polished black, the sides of tho
scutullum, pretergites and restricted humeral region of
the prrescutum obscure yellow ;_ very vagg_ebrightenings
along the suture ; posterior border of scutellum testaceous
yellow. Pleura and pleurotergite black, on the dorsal
sternopleuritc and again on !h" metapleura with paler
areasthat are coveredwith a silvery pubescence,producing
a short, sometimes broken stripe. Halteres brownislt

new or little-knou;nTipulidre.

/ oj)

a

black, the apex of knob light yellow. Legs with thecox& brownish black, the tips paling to obscure yellow ;trochanters dark brown ; femora obscurebrownish yellow
basally, the outer portion blackened and somewhat
dilated, thc amounl, of black somewhat greater on thefore legs ; tibire dark brou-n, the tips more blackened'tarsi biart ; posterior basitarsi conspicuouslydilated ori
about the proximal half. Wings whitish subhyaline, thesmall stigma conspicuous,dark brorvn ; basal portion ofcell Sc infuscated ; r'eins dark brown, those in theprearcular field more yellorved. Venation : ,Sc, ending
nearly opposite one-third the length of the arcuated .Bs;
branchesof the latter parallel to one another except near
their tips, n5 thence defiectecl to the wing tip ; celllst M , almost,t,wiceilI n.
Abdomen polished black, the posterior borders of thesegmentsr-ery narrowlv pale vello*', on the otrter sternites
becoming much broader and more conspicuous; hypop1'gium black. Sternal pocket restricted to the fifth
segment,transverse. Male hl'popl'gium with the lobe ofbasisty'lea strong flattened rocl, at its apex deflectedintoa long straight spine. Outer dististyle conspicuous,theprincipal blade acute at tip, on mesal edgebearing a large
lateral branch that is produced directly into a strong
spine, the surface of style with abundant conspicuous
setre, shorter but more abundant on the lateral branch
and axil. ftrner dististyle rvith the main stem an erect
flattened blade, the apex obtuse, on margin before tip
produced into a short blunt point ; lobe at base of styleextensive, more or leissscoop-shaped,the margin with
about five strong setre. A1.rexof adeagus produced into
& large flup that is provitled with several long coarse
setre.
Hab. Ecuaclor(Azua;').
Holotype,3, Cuenca,altitude 2500metres,February 19,
lir39 (F. II. Broun). Paratopotypes,3 dd.
The nearest described ally of this fly is Te'ucholnbis
Alexander, of Peru, rvhich differs
breaiseto.sa(Teucholabis)in slight details of coloration and in the structure of themale hipopygium, especially the outer tlististyle and'adeagus.