sr 2

ORIENTALINSECTS
vol. I

NOS.3&4

DECE}|BERt96T

publlshedbY
FOR THE STUDYOF ORIENTALINSECTS
THE ASSOCIATIONC/O DEPARTTENTOF

uNrvERs'Ilrg,lr.
zooLocY,?ftolll
March1968

Vol. l, Nos.3-4

ORIENTAL TNSECTS

December,1967

NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWNINDIAN CRANEFLIES(TIPULIDAE,DIPTBRA) I
By CharlesP. Alexander
U.S.A.
39 Old TownRoad,Amherst,Massachusetts,
New Indian speciesof the tribe Limoniini, chiefly the genus
Assrnlcr.
Limonia are described. These are: Orimarga (O.) pachyrhyncha, Limonia(Afrolimonia) indra, L.(L.) submurcida, L. (Goniodineura)magnisiva, L, (Dic'ranomyia) amblymorpha, L. (D.) pristomera, L. (Geranomyia) deccanica, andL. tigriventis.

During the past two decadesthe number of speciesof Indian
Tipulidaevirtually has tripled, the increasechiefly being due to thecollectionsthat had beenmadeby Dr. FernandSchmidin manypartsof
havebeendescribedby
the countrybetween1953and 1961. The species
chieflyin the PhilippineJournal
the writerin a numberof publications,of Sciencebut also in the Annals and Magazineof NaturalHistory,Societyof
and Transactionsof the Royal Entomological
Proceedingsof the AmericanEntomologicalSociety,EntomoLondon, Transactions
Society,and thelogical News, Bulletin of the BrooklynEntomological
Journalof the New York EntomologicalSociety.To this dateonly a few
in detail,includingPhyllolabisof the Orientalgenerahavebeendiscussed(Alexander,l96la,in literaturecitedat conclusionof theOsten-Sacken
Skuse(Alexander,
Brunettiand Rhabdomastix
paper),andDasymallomyia
I964a). Severalother major groups have been discussedin detail,
Curtis,some in papers still in press,includingthe generaDolichopeza
TipulaLinnaeus, NephrotomaMeigen,LintoniaMeigen,OrimargaOstenSacken,GonomyiaMeigen and MolophilusCurtis. As the study of thisof thenearscompletiona detailedconsideration
vast seriesof specimens
variousgenerais proposed.
The basicwork on the Tipulidae of India was by Enrico Brunetti,
who describedsome240speciesfrom this area. A recentlistingof theseand their synonymyis available(Alexander,1963).In thepresent
species
pport I am describingand figuringcertainIndian speciesof the tribeinLimoniini,chieflyin the major genusLimoniathat had beendiscussed
earlierpapers(Alexander,1964b,1965).
My sincerethanksareextendedto Dr. Schmid for the privilege ofseriesof Orientalcraneflies.
studyingthis unparalleledl.

sp. nov. (Fig. 3)
Orimarga(Orimarga)pachyrhyncha,

Generalcolorationof thorax light brownish-grey;rostrum black,unusuallylong and stout,only a little shorterthan remainderof head;

198

ORIENTAL INSECTS

Vol. 1, Nos.3-4

haltereslight yellow; wings, including the veins, strongly yellowed,
trichia of outer radial and medialveinsabundant,forming almost continuous series, crowded outwardly; male hypopygium with basistyle
simple,both dististyleselongate,slender.
Male and Female.'Rostrumblack,unusuallylong and stout,exceeding
the palpi and nearlyequalin lengthto remainder of head; palpi black.
Antennaedark brown; flagellar segmentsoval, verticils inconspicuous.
Head brownish-grey;anteriorvertexbroad.
dorsopleuralmembrane
Thoraxalmostuniformlylight brownish-grey,
paler. Halteresclearlight yellow. Legswith coxaebrown; trochantersobscureyellow; remainderof legslight brown. Wingsstronglyyellowed,
the pre-arcularand costal fields paler yellow; veins deeperyellow,theshort trichia black. Macrotrichia of outer radial and medial veinsabundant,forming almostcontinuousseries,vein ^Itrwith about25 trichia,
Rr+aabout 60, M+sand Ms eachabout50,Mt about 25, at outer endsof the seriesthe trichia more crowdedand tendingto be in pairs. Venaabout one-half longerthan Rzi m-cu
tion : Rs sborter than Rzrjt .Rr+z
oppositeone-fourthRs, about six times its own length before the forkof M; vein2ndA long.
Abdominal tergites brownish-black,sternitespaler brown. Male
hypopygium(Fig. 3) with the basistyle,b, simple,without modifiedlobes,
surfacewith very long pale setae. Both dististyles,d, elongate,nearly as
long as the basistyle; baseof outer styledilated,the outer two-thirdsa
narrow blade that terminatesin a long black spine;inner style slightly
shorter,the diameterof the outer fourth subequalto that of the outerstyle at the samepoint, the more dilatedbasalpart with very long palesetae. The phallosomeof the uniquetype male is not clearlydescribablebut differsin certaindetailsfrom thoseof other generallysimilarspecies.
Length..d, about l0 rnm,wing 6.8 mm, antennaabout 1.1 mm;?, about9 mm, wing 6 mm.
Dikchu, 70lm, 9. v. 1959,Coll. Schmid.
Holotyped, Srczurra:
Allotopotype$, pinnedwith type.
Distributron.' Sikkim.
The most similar regional speciesare Orimarga(Orinnrga)asura
Alexanderand O.(O) tenuistylaAlexander, which dift'er in the moFe
slenderrostra, trichiation of the wing veins,and in the detailsof themale hypopygium,particularlythe outer dististyleand phallosome.
2. Limonia(Afrolimonia)indra, sp. nov. (Figs.t,4)
Allied to imperspicua;generalcolorationof thorax obscurefulvousyellow ; knobs of halteresdark brown ; legs light brown ; wings tinged
with brown, the oval stigma darker brown ; male hypopygium with

CR'ANEFLIEs
1967 ALExANDER: NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWNINDIAN

199

prolongation
tergitevery large,posteriorborderstronglyconvex; rostralin position;of ventraldististylelong and slender,spinestwo, subbasal
at apexproducedinto divergentoval lobes.
aedeagussegment
Mule.. Rostrumshort,brown; palpi dark brown, terminal
oval' more
slender. Antennaedark brown; basal flagellar segments
penultimate'distal
elongateoutwardly,terminalsegmentnearlytwicethe
very long
half narrowed; lowerfaceof flagellarsegmentswith a singleof the segment'seta that is about two and one-halftimesthe length
Headdark brown; eyesverYlarge'
pronotumnrry rrull, brownl pretergitesyellow. Mesonotumand
dorsopleuralregion
pleura almost uniformly obscure-fulvous-yellow,
Haltereswithstem
narrowlydarker;vestitu;eof notumshortandsparse'
Legs with coxae
dusky,baserestrictedlyyeltowed,knob dark brown.
femoralbases
and trochantersyellow; remainderof legslight brown,
eachwith a strongvague|ypaler,.u,,i ,lightlydarkerbrown; clawslong,point at nearmid length'
erect spine at baseand a smallerappressedbrown; veryvague
Wingsifig. l) tingedwith brown,stigmaoval,darker
endof cell lst M';
narrow darkeninit ^, origin of Rs,cordand outerveinsbeyond
veins brown, those beyondcord darker. Longitudinal
includingalso the outergenerallevelof originoi Rt with macrotrichia,
long, sc, ending
ends of both uout veins. venation: sc relatively
nearits tip; ttee tip ofabout oppositetwo-thirds Rs, the subequalSc,
alignment;cell /st M, slightlylongerthan^sc,and R2nearlyin transverse
subequalto distalsecdistal sectionof M*z; m'cu cloie to fork of M,
tion of Crzr.
yellowed'hypopygium
Abdominattergitesbrown,proximalsternites
the tergite, t, latge,cleareryellow. uate hypopygium(Fig. a) withto very
subtruncate
posterioi border tttongiy convex' cephalicmargin
in back of posteriorslightlyconvex; a row of uUouta dozenlong setaeon eithersideof midline' Basistyle'b' withborder,moreconcentrated
Dorsaldististyle' d'&ventromesallobe relativelynarrow' tip obtuse'to the acutetip;
slendergently curved rod that narrows graduallyrostral prolongation
ventral style somewhatsmallerthan the basistyle,closelyapproximatedvery long and slender,near its base with two
spinesshorter than the
curvedspinesfrom a singlesmalltubercle,theof style relatively
prolongationbeyondthem; accessorylobe on faceg, longGonapophysis,
short, tipped *itn a singlevery longbristle.
tip slightly recurved'
triangularin outline,narrowedoutwardly,extreme
tubescontiguous'apex
Aedeagus,a, broad, pale, the enclosedgenitat
producedinto divergentoval lobes'
Length:3,aUout7.5mm,wing8'5mm'anlennaabout2mm'
Dikchu,701m,9' v' 1959'Coll' Schmid'
Holotyped', Sr**rrra:
Distributfon.' Sikkim.

200

ORIENTAL INSECTS

Vol. l, Nos. 3-4

The molt similar species is Limonia (Afrolimonia)
imperspicua
Alexander,of Luzon, which differs chieflyin the detairsof hypopygial
structure,particularlythe tergite,ventraldististyleandaedeagus.The
subgenusAfrolimoniaAlexander(Trans.Amer. ent.,soc.,
9l: 4g_49;1965)hasnumerousEthiopianspecies
with fewerin the orientalRegion.
The structure of the mare hypopygiumapproachesthatof Libnotes
Westwoodbut the venationis almostexactli as in the typicalsubgenus
LintoniaMeigen.
3. Limonia(Limonia)submurcida,sp. nov. (Fig. 5)
Allied to murcida; generalcoloration of thorax obscureyellow,
prescutumwith a centralbrown stripe; pleurayellowed,
with a broad
dark brown longitudinalstripe; regs rig-htbrown wings
very faintry;
suffused,
stigmasubcircurar,
dark brown,cell 1srM, subrectangular,sub_equal to the distal sectionof veinMs; proximalabdominal
segments
bicolored,basalrings yellowed,apicesbiown; malehypopygiumwith
posteriorborder of tergitenearlytruncate;basistyle
wiitr ventromesal
lobe verylarge,producedinto a slenderblackened
glabrous
rod,distisryle
only about one-fourththe basistS,le,with very long setae,body small,rostralprolongation
verylong.
Male.' Rostrummoderatelylong, brownish-black; palpi
black.
Antennal scapedark brown; remainderbroken. Front
light grey,
posterior vertex dark brownish-grey,with long
black setae; headbroadlyholoptic,eyeslarge.
Pronotum brownish-yellow,pretergiteslight yellow.
Mesonotalprescutumpolishedobscureyellow with a lightbiown centralstripethat widensbehind,scutallobessimilarlydarkened,prescutal
borders
and central region of scutumbroadlyyllto*; scutellum
dark brown,
posteriorborderandparascutella
yellow; mediotergite
yellowish-brown,
pleurotergiteyelloweddorsally,the katapleurotergiie
brown ; mesonotal
vestiturelong and erect, brack. pleura-yellowed,witha broad darkbrown longitudinalstripethat includesihe cervicalregion,propleura,anepisternumand pteropleurite,narrowed behind. Halteres
broken.
Legswith fore coxaedark brown, remainingcoxaeand
all trochanters
yellow; remainderof legsyelro'ish-brownt; rightbrown; crawsrong
and slender,with a straightspinecloseto base. wings very
faintly
suffused,stigma small, subcircular,dark brown veins darkbrown.
;
l'ongitudinalveinsbeyondgenerallevel of originof Rswith
numerous
black trichia, includingalso the end of 2nd A, vein Ist
A grabrous.
venation : sc long, scr endingshortrybeforefork of Rs,
sc, nearits tip ;cell Ist Mz subrectangular,slightly widened outwardly,subequalin
lengrhto distalsectionof vein Ma i m and basalsectionof
Ms subequal,1967

ALEXANDER: NEw AND LITTLE-KNOWN INDIAN CRANEFLIES

201

alignment,m'cu just beyondthe fork of M; anal
in nearly transverse
veinsgenerallyparallelto oneanotherat origin, 2ndA gentlysinuous.
Proximal abdominal segmentsbicolored,especiallythe sternites,
and hypopygiummoreuniyellowed,the apicesbrown, outer segntents
formly dark brown. Male hypopygium(Fig. 5) with the tergite, t,transverse,broadestacrossbase,slightlvnarrowed outwardly,posteriorb,large, includingthe conspicuous
bordervirtuallytruncate. Basistyle,lobe,the total area about four timesthe dististyle;ventroventromesal
mesallobe,broad, the outer angle producedinto a slenderblackened
rod. Dististyle,d, with body very small,subglobular,with very longserae; rostralprolongationlongerthan the diameterof the body' appearg, with mesal-apicaling as a slendergentlycurvedrod. Gonapophysis,
lobe long and slender,erect. Aedeaguslong, narrowed outwardly,
the openingscloselyapproximated.
genitaltubescontiguous,
Length.' d, about7 mm,wing 8.5mm,
Holotype 6, INptn : Perumalmalai(Madras State), l2l9-1372m,
Coll.Schmid.
6.xii.1958,
Distribution: India : MadrasState.
The most similar speciesis Limonia(Limonia)murcidaAlexander,from northernThailand. This differsin slightdetailsof venadescribedtion, especiallyin the medial field, and in the structureof the malehypopygium,includingthe rostralprolongationof the dististyleand the
apexof the aedeagus.
sp. nov. (Fig. 6)
magnisiva,
4. Limonia(Goniodineura)g siva but muchlarger,the wing l0 mm or more ;Closely.resemblin
thorax light yellow,prescutumwith a blackeneddiscal shield,posteriorscleritesof notum blackened,patternedwith pale ; legsobscureyellow,
outer tarsal segmentslight brown ; wings whitened, patternedwith
brown, the more conspicuousareas at arculus, origin of Rs and thestigma.
Male and Female: Rostrum and palpi black,the formerrelatively
slender. Antennaeshort ; scape black, remainder of organ greenish
yellow ; flagellarsegments
oval, the outer oneslonger. Head blackened,dark graypruinose;eyesvery large.
Pronotumabovenarrowly black, sidesbroadly yellow. Mesonotal
prescutumyellow laterally,with a conspicuousblack discal shield that
includesa broad centralstripeand confluentslightly paler lateral areas,
the latter crossingthe sutureto includethe scutallobesand scutellum;a narrow median silvery-yellowline from posteriorend of prescutum
over the mid areasof the scutumand scutellum:mediotergiteblackened,parascutella,pleurotergiteand pleuralight yellow. Haltereswith stem

ORIENTAL INSECTS

Vol. l, Nos.3-4

greenish-yellow,
knob dark brown. Legs with coxaeand trochanters
yellow; remainderof legs obscureyellow, outer tarsal segmentslightbrown. Wingswhitened,the pre-arcularand costalregionslight yellow,
the veins, especiallyc, tinged with green; a restrictedbrown patternthat includesareasat arculus,origin of Rs, reachingM behind,anda narrow seamat cord from r-m to the margin at Cu1not including
Rr+si further seamsat Sc, and the wingtip in cellsR, to Ruinclusive;very small marginalcloudsat ends of longitudinalveins,darkerandmore extensiveon 2nd A, virtually lacking on /st A, axillary bordernarrowlydarkened; veinsyellow,dark brown in the patternedareas.
venation: ,sclong,scr endingoppositer-m,sc, retracted,oppositefork ofRs,thelatter squareat origin i Rr+rnearlystraight; m-cubeyondfork ofM,in casesforminga straightanglewithdistalsectionof Cuy; analveinsdivergentbasally,Ist A sinuous,2ndA bentstronglyto margin.
Abdominal tergitesdark brown, sternitesyellowed, hypopygium
chieflyobscureyellow. Malehypopygium(Fig. 6) wirh tergite,l, nearly
as long as broad,lobesrounded,separated
by a broaderemargination;
apex of each lobe with a concentrationof strong setae,those nearest
the mid line smallerand weaker. Basistyle,b, with ventromesal
lobe
small,with sparsesetate. Dorsaldististyle,d, t powerfulblackened
rod,
bentbeyondmid length,outwardlynarrowedinto a long spine;ventral
style very large and fleshy,its areanearlythreetimesthat of the basistyle; rostralprolongationsmall,darkened,triangularin outline,outerspine strong,nearly equal in length to the prolongation,the second
weakerspinemore basalin position. Gonapophysis,g, with mesal-apicallobe nearlystraight,the narrowedtip blackened.
I*nsth.' d,about 9.5-15.5mm, wing l0-11.5DD, antennaabout
1 . 4 - 1 .m
5 m ; 9 , a b o u t9 - 9 . 5D D , w i n gl 0 - 1 1 . 5m m .
Holotyped, Srcru : Lachung,2623m,2. vii. 1959,Coll. Schmid;
AllotopotypeI , pinnedwith types. Paratopotypes
d, I , with the types.
Bichu,
Paratypes:
2438-2591m,
14.vii.1959;Chumtang,l55lm, 23 vii.
1959; ChumzomoiChoka, in Rhododendrorz
association,3597m,8.vii.
1959;Namnasa,
l.vii.1959,
3048m,
all Coll.Schmid.
Distribution: Sikkim.
Limonia(Goniodineura)magnisivais almost exactly like tr. (G.\ siva
Alexander,differingin the large sizeand unpatterned
femora.Thewings
are at leasttwiceas largeras sfvawith the other parts of proportionate
size. A singlespecimen
hasthe femoral tips darkenedbut all othersof
the type serieshavethe legsunpatterned,
as described.
5. Limonia(Dicranomyia)
amblymorpha,
sp. nov. (Fig. 7).
Allied to lemmonae;generalcolorationof mesonotumdull orange,

1967: NEw AND LITTLE-KNOwNINDIAN cRANEFLIES 203
ALEXANDER

pleurayellowed; anteriorvertexbroad, silvery; wing strongly suffusedwith brown, stigmadarker, Sc long) m-cu shortly before fotk of M ;malehypopygiumwith a small accessorylobule at baseof ventromesal
lobe of basistyle;dorsaldististylea long slendergentlycurvedrod withthe tip obtuse;rostralprolongationof ventralstylewith two unequal
spinesfrom a commontubercle.
Male.. Head of type badly distorted. Antennaeblackthroughout,elongate,with a dense
outerflagellarsegments
enlarged;basalsegments
whitepubescence.Rostrumlight brown; anteriorvertexbroad,silvery,
pruinose.
remainderof headdorsallydark brown,sparsely
yellowed.
Prothoraxsmall; scutumbrolvn,scutellumand pretergites
Mesonotumalmost uniformly dull orange,scutellumand postnotumvaguelydarkened.
slightlydarker. Pleuramoreyellowed,anepisternum
Halteresdark brown, baseof stemyellowed. Legswith coxaeand trochantersyellow; remainderof legs broken. Wings stronglysuffusedwith brown, the oval stigmadarker; veinsdarkerbrown,trichiablack.
Trichiaon longitudinalveinsbeyondgenerallevelof originof Rs,including alsoa few at outerend of vein2ndA. Venation: Sc long,Scl ending
aboutoppositemid lengthof Rs,Scsslightlylonger;freetip ofSczand-R'
pale, in transversealignment,Rr*, beyondthem about as long, with
fivecrowdedtrichia; m-cu shortly before fotkof M, subequalto the
distalsectionof Cq; anal veinsbeyondtheir basesconvergent.
Abdominal tergites brownish-black,sternitesclear light yellow,
hypopygiumdarkened. Male hypopygium(Fig.7) with the tergite,t,posteriorbordernearlytruncate,the marginsthickenedbuttransverse,
lobes,setaerelativelylongand numuerous.Basistyle,withoutdevelopedb, subequalin area to the ventral dististyle; ventromesallobe long,with a low roundedlobuleat its base,setaeof lobe long. Dorsaldististyle,d,alongslendergentlycurveddarkenedrod, tip obtuse; ventral
stylewith rostrumslender,angularlybentat nearmid length;spinestwo,
slightly unequal,from a low tubercle; face of style at base of beakslightlyproduced,providedwith five or six longer setae. Gonapophysis,g, with mesal-apicallobe erect,slightlydilatedat mid length,the small
slender,apexsimple,gentlycurved.
apexslightlyrecurved. Aedeagus
Length.'d, about5.5mm, wing6 mm.
HolotypeJ, Ittolr,: Lifakpo,Kamengin NEFA, Assam,945m,15.v.
196l,Coll.Schmid.
Distribution:India : Assam.
Limonia (Diqanomyia) amblymorphais quite distinct from otherin hypopygialstructure,includingthe
generally
similarregionalspecies
basistyle,both dististylesand the aedeagus.The closestsuch relative
Alexander,from northern
lemmonae
appearsto be Limonia(Dicranomyia)
has a single
lobuleof the basistyle,Thailand,whichlacksthe accessory

204

ORIENTAL INSECTS

Vol. l, Nos.3-4

rostral spine,and with the apex of the aedeagus
distinct. It shouldbe
notedthat the originalspellingfor this latterspecies
wasgivenaslemonae
but shouldbe emendedas given. An accountof the typestationand
work of Miss SadieLemmonhasbeenprovidedin anotherpaper(Ann.
Mag. nat. Hist. (12)7 : 593; l!5g.
6. Limonia(Dicranomyia)
pristomert,Sp.nov. (Fig. g)
Sizemedium(wingto about7 mm); thoraxobscureyellow,mesonotal prescutumand scutallobespatternedwith brown; antennaewithouterflagellarsegments
elongate,with long verticils;legsbrown; wings
weaklydarkened,stigmascarcely
indicated;male hypopygiumwith rhe
dorsal dististylecurvedinto a long terminal spine; rostral prolongation of ventral style very small, with two widely separatedspines,
the outer one shorterand stouter; margin of mesal-apicallobe of
gonapophysis
blackened
and toothed.
Male sndFemale.'Rostrumyellow;palpi dark brown,short,terminal
segmentvery small, subglobular. Antennae light brown; proximal
flagellarsegmentsoval, outer segmentselongatebut shorterthan theunusuallylong verticils. Headwith anteriorvertexbrownish-biack,very
narrow, only about one-halfthe diameterof the scape;posteriotpaitof headdark brown.
Pronotalscutumbrown,scutellumobscureyellow. Mesonotalprescutumobscureyellowlaterallyand at the suture,cliskwith threeconfluent light brown stripes; scutallobes brown, centralregionbroadly
light yellow,the color extendedmediallyonto the baseof the scutellum;
remainderof mesonotumlight brown, yellowedlaterally. pleura andpleurotergite
light yellow. Haltereswith stemobscureyellow,Iighter atbase,knob brown. Legswith coxaeand trochanters
yellowed;remainderof legs brown, femoral basesslightly more yellowed;clawslong andslender,with a straightbasalspine. wings very weaklydarkened,stigma
scarcelydifferentiated; veins light brown, trichia black. Macrotrichia
on longitudinalveinsbeyondgenerallevel of Rs, lackingon anal veins
exceptingtheir extremetips. venation: sc1 ending oppositeor justbeyondorigin o[ Rs, ,sc,removed,sc, alone nearlyone-half Rs,nrcu ator shortly beforefork of M.
Abdominaltergitesand hypopygiumbrown, sterniteslight yellow.
Male hypopygium(Fig. 8) with the tergite,t, transverse,
posteriorborder
veryshallowlyemarginate
to nearly truncate; a concentrationof about
l0 setaeon eitherside nearmid length,with aboutfour strongerlateralbristles.Basistyle,b, with ventromesal
lobe relativelysmall,*itn longsetae. Dcrsal dististyle,d, a strongly curved sickle, the outer third
narrowedinto a long slenderspine; ventral style subequalin area to1967: NEw AND LITTLE'KNowN INDIAN cRANEFLIESALEXANDER

205

the basistyle,rostral prolongationvery small, with a stout spine nearbase,and with a secondmore slenderspine at its base,the distancethe two aboutequalto the length of the outer spine. Gonaseparating
pophysis,g, with mesal-apicallobe blackened,especiallythe terminal
point, the marginof the lobe with five or six smallerpoints.
Length.'d, about 6-5.5 ffih, wing 6.5-7 ffiD, antennaabout 1.2'
1 . 3m m ; 9 , a b o u t6 . 5 - 7f f i f f i ,w i n g6 . 5 ' 7m m .
Holotype d, India : Piriyapatna,Mysore State,853m, 14.i. 1959,
Coll. Schmid. Allotopotype?, pinnedwith type. Paratopotlpes.'severalof both sexes,on six pins.Paratypes:Coimbatore,Madras,457m,23'xii'
1958; I d, Honnatlu,Mysore,823m, 20. i. 1959; both sexes'on three
18. i. 1959;both sexes'on one pin,pins,Malbidu,Mysore,244-698m,
8. ii. 1959,Coll. Schmid.
MadhyaPradesh,396m,
Satanwara,
Distribution: India : Madrasand MysoreStates.
Limonia(Dicranomyia)pristomerahas somewhatthe appearanceof
suchas the HolarcticL. (D.) modesta(Meigen)or the New World
species
differing especiallyin hypopygialstrucL. (D.) distans(Osten-Sacken),
appearsto be commonand
ture, notablythe gonapophyses.The species
widelydistributedin southernIndia.
sp- nov. (Fig' 9)
deccanica,
7. Limonia(Geranomyia)
General coloration of mesonotumfulvous-yellow,prescutumwith
threenarrow brownstripes,pleurayellowed,with a weakdorsaldarkened
with a brown costal
stripe; l:gs yellowed; wingsveryslightlydarkened,vein Sc long ; male hypopypattern,with narrowermarkingselsewhere,
gium with ventraldististylebearingvery long widely separatedrostralspines,the outer spinestouter,from a large basal tuberclethat is larger
than the prolongationbeneathit.
Male.. Rostrumrelativelyshort, the labrum about three-fourthsthe
the small terminalsegment
labial palpi;-fused maxillarypalpus3-segmented,
with the second.Antennaedark brown, about equal inpartly-tengththeirverticils.
oval,exceeding
to the labial palpi;flagellarsegments
Head brown.
Pronotumsmall,scutumlight brown,scutellumyellowed. Mesonotal
prescutumobscurefulvousyellowwith three narrow brown stripes,theiateral pair extendedbackward acrossthe suture to cover the scutalwithlobesl;medianregionof scutumand the scutellumtestaceous-yellow
vagueindicationsof a darkercentralline ; mediotergitefulvous, pleurot.igi6 slightlymore yellowed. Pleurayellow,weakly darkeneddorsallyto produce a vague stripe. Haltereswith stem obscureyellow, knob
dark brown. Legs with coxae and trochantersyellow; remainderoflegsyellowed. Wingsvery slightlydarkened,pre-arcularand costalfields

246

ORIENTAL INSECTS

Vol. l, Nos. 3-4

cleareryellow; holotypewith a relativelyrestrictedbrown costalpatternthat includessix smallareas,the first at the supernumerarycross-veinincell Sc, secondat origin of Rs, third at tip of Sc, all areasbarelyentering
the radial cells; stigmalarealargest,oval,appearingas a circularspotincell Rr; in the paratypethe costaldarkeningsmore extensive,involving
cell R but not reachingveinM; furthersmallerdark spotsmore distallyat endsof veinsRs and Re+si very narrowseamsovercord,outerend ofcell Ist Mr, and as smallmarginalspotson vein M, to 2ndA inclusive;
veinslight brown, scarcelydarker in the patterned areas;costal fringeof male short; longitudinalveins beyond cord with trichia,including
also Rs and outer end of M. venation: sc long, Sc, ending about
oppositefour-fifthsRs, Sc, nearits tip; cell Ist M2long,gently widened
outwardly,subequalto distalsectionof M*z; m-cuabout one-third its
Iengthbefore fork of M.
Abdominal tergitesbrown, sternitesmorebrownish-yellow.Malehypopygium(Fig. 9) with the tergite,t, transverse,
posteriorborder witha broad emarginationthat is subequalin sizeto the laterallobes,thelatterwith numerouslong setae. Basistyle,b, with ventromesallobe
relatively small. Dorsal dististyle, d, a stronglycurvedrod, the outer
third narrowedinto a verylong slenderspine; ventralstylelarge,its areafrom abouttwo and one-halfto nearlythreetimesthat of the basistyle,the setaesmall; rostralprolongationsmall,with two long spines,including a verylong hair-likeouterbristlefrom an enlargedbasaltuberclethat
is larger than the rostrum itself, secondspinefar basad,almostas longas the outer bristle but more delicate. Gonapophysis,g, with mesalapicallobeerect,outerend slightlycurvedinto a slenderpoint. Apexof
aedeagusbilobed.
Length,excludingrostrum,about 6.5-7DD, wing 6-7 mm, rostrum
about2-2.2mm.
Holotypeg, INore: senbaganur,MadrasState, 1676-rg}rm,3. xii.
1958,Coll. Schmid. Paratopotypes
3 d J with rype. paratypeJ, perumalmalai,Madras,l2l9-1372m,6.xii. 1958,Coll. Schmid.
Distribution: India : MadrasState.
The most similar regionalspeciesis Limonia(Geranomyia)
semistriata(Brunetti), differing very evidently in the hypopygialstructure,particularlythe spinesof the rostralprolongationof the ventraldististyle.
8. Limoniatigriventris,sp. nov. (Fig. 2)Size medium (wing of female 7.8 mm); head black; mesonotum
dark brown or black patterned with orange, disk of prescutum
and scutal lobes with dense microscopicshallow pits; pleura yellow,
anepisternum
blackened;legsbrownish-black,posteriortarsi extensively,

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light yellow; wings brown, the oval stigma darker brown; abdominal
segmentsblack,their apicesmore narrowly yellow.
palpi black. Antennaewith
Female.'Rostrumpolishedcastaneous,scape and pedicel dark brown, flagellumblack ; proximal flagellar segments produced slightly ventrad, outer ones elongateoval, beneathwith shortdensewhite setulae,verticilslongerthan the segments.Headaboveblack,the restrictedfront polished,vertexmore opaque; anteriorvertexbroad,nearlyfour timesthe diameterof scape.
Pronotum small and crowded, scutum black, scutellum orange.
Mesonotalprescutumlaterally obscureorange,the disk with a darkbrown shield,lateral borders behind the humeriwith a darker circularspot ; praescutalinterspacessparselypruinose,with densemicroscopic
shallowpits : scutallobes dark brown, microscopicallypitted, anteriorborders yellowed, mid area more pruinose; scutellumdark chestnutbrown, subnitidous;mediotergitewith more than the posterior half
polishedyellow, anterior part brown,the sidesand most of the pleuroventralmarginof the latter yellow. Pleura with
tergitebrownish-black,anepisternumand dorsopleuralmembrane blackened,remainderof
pleurapolishedyellow. Halteresblackened. Legswith coxae and trobasesvaguelypaler;chantersreddish-yellow;femora brownish-black,thetibiaebrownish-black;tarsi of fore and middlelegsbrownish-yellow,
posterior pair with segments
two to four and outer end of basitarsilightyellow. Wings (Fig. 2) tingedwith brown, the oval stigmadarkerbrown.
Macrotrichia on longitudinalveinsbeyondgenerallevel of origin of Rs,
lackingon both anal veins. Venation: ,Sc,ending about oppositeonehalf to three-fifthsRs, Sc, subequal; freetip of Sczand R, pale,in transversealignment, with a subequalspur of Rr+z beyond,providedwith
about three trichia; cell rsr Mz at fork of M; anal veins convergent
basally.
Abdominal tergitesconspicuouslybandedwith black and yellow,
the yellow apices narrower thaninvolvingthe proximal sevensegments,
the black bases; sternites deep yellow, posterior margins broadly
yellowed;genital segmentblack. Ovipositor with valves dull orange;
cerci slender,nearlystraight,hypovalvaelonger.
Length.'about 7.5 mm, wing 7.8 mm, antennaabout2.2 mm.
Holotype ?, INorl : Senbaganur, Madras State, 1676-1981m,
7. xii. 1958,Coll. Schmid.
Distribution: India : MadrasState.
Other regionalmembersof the genusthat havethe wings unpatternpaleinclude
ed or virtuallyso and with the posteriortarsi conspicuously
Limonia aspropodaAlexander, L, Iongivena(Edwards), L. luteipostica
Alexander, L, IuteitarslsAlexanderand some others,all quite distinct
from the presentfly in body coloration,especiallythe abdomen. Some208

ORIENTAL INSECTS

Vol. 1,Nos.3-4

sincethemalesexis
to subgeneraof thesespeciesremain unassigned
unavailable.
LITERATURE CITED
ArexlNpeR, C. P.
l96la. The Himalayan speciesof the genusPhyllolabisOsten-Sacken(Diptera:. Trans.R. ent. soc.Londonll3: 139-153,21figs.
Tipulidae)
l96lb. Newor little-knownTipulidaefrom EasternAsia (Diptera), XLIX. Philip'
pine J. Sci. 90 : 155-214,6 plates with 76 figs. (Dcvelopmentof knowledge
of Indiancraneflies; Schmiditineraries'p' 163)'
1963. Classificationand synonymyof the cranefliesdescribedby Enrico Brunetti
Trichoceridaeand Tipulidae). Rec.Indian(Diptera: FamiliesPtychopteridae,
Mus. 59 : 19- 34.
1964a. New or little-knownspeciesof Asiatic Tipulidae (Diptera).l. Trans.Amer.
ent.Soc.90 : 205-234,34 figs.
1964b. New or little-knownTipulidaefrom EasternAsia (Diptera). LY-Philip'of genusLimonla)pine J. Sci. g3 z 427-478, 4.plateswirh 54 figs. (Discussion
1965. New or little-knownTipulidaefrom Eastern Asia (Diptera).LV[. PhiliPpine
of LimoniaandOrimarga).
J. Sci. 94 :397-434,5 plateswith 4Efigs.(Discussion

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209

4

l. Lintonia (Afrolimonia) indra; 2. Limonia tigrivenlris.
Figs. l-2. Venation of
Figs. 3-8. Male hypopygium of 3. Orimarga (Orimarga) pacltyrhyncha; 4' Limonia(Afrolimonia\ indra; 5, Lintonia (Lintonia) submurcida: 6. Limonia (Goniodineura)magnisiva;
7. Limonia (Diqanomyia) amblymorpha;8. Limonia (Dicranomyia) pristomera; 9- Limonia(Geranomyia)deccanica.(Symbols: a. aedeagus;b, basistyle; d, dististyle; g' gonapophysis;r,9th tergite. All new sPecies).