@944ir;,

NEW OR LITTLE-KNOWN TIPULID^|S T'ROM EASTERNASIA (DIPTERA), PART r
By Cnenr.ns
P. Ar,nxeNnnn
Of Amhent, Maasachu*etts'
TWO PLt\ltS

In the present paper, undescribed species of crane flies fromvarious parts of China and Japan are considered. The paper
is based to a large extent upon a very interesting series fromChe-kiang, China, where they were collected by Mr. E. Suenson, in the hills south of Ning-po, halfway to Nimrod Sound.
The Japanese species include material from Hokkaido taken by
Messrs. Satoru Kuwayama and Matsuji Hori; from Honshiu andShikoku, kindly submitted by Messrs. K. Takeuchi and C. Harukawa; and a species from Taiqlan included in larg:e series ofTipulidae sent to me by Doctor Shiraki. I wish to express mysincere thanks to all of the above-mentioned entomologists fortheir kindness in collecting these fragile flies. The types ofthe species are preserved in my collection through the interestof the various collectors.
LIMONIINE

Ilicranomyia para,rnoriosp. nov.
Belongs to the mori.o group; antenne black throughout; thoracic pleura heavily pruinose; male hypopygium with the dorsal
dististyle an acutely pointed cylindrical rod; ventral dististylewith the rostrum bearing a single long pale spine.
Male.-Length, about 4 millimeters; wing, 6.8.
Female.-Length, about 6.2 millimeters; wing, ?.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antenne black throughout, theflagellar segments oval. Head black, the anterior vertex silvery.
Thorax shiny black, the pleura with a conspicuous microscopic gray pubescence that appears like a bloom, especiallyon the sternopleurite and the cephalic portion of the pteropleurite. Halteres yellow" the knobs dark brown. Legs with thel contribution from the Departmentof Entomology, Massachusetts Agrieultural College.
363

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The Phili.ppine Journat of Seienca

wzacoxe yellow, the fore coxe with the basai half dark brown; trochanters obscureyellow; femora ye[owish brown, the fore femora more uniformly darker, the posterior femora paler, withthe tips relatively narrowly darker. Tibia and tarsi brownish
black. Wings (Plate 1, fig. 1) with a faint brownish tinge, thestigma oval, darker brown than the ground color; veins darkbrown. Venation: Sc, endingoppositethe origin of Rs, Sc, very{ar jlom its tip, at about two-thirds the length of Sc;' Rs tong,
in alignment with
Ir*, ; tip of R, very faint. In the female, Sc,
ends just beyond thb
brigin of Rs.
Abdominal tergites brown, the caudar margins of the basal
segmentsbroadly obscureyellow; outer segmentsmore uniformly
darkened,including the hypopygium; basal sternites extensivery
obscureyellow. rn the female,the basal sternites are bicolorous,
the tergites more uniformly black, only the caudal margins of
the segmentsbeing dark brown instead of black. MalJ hypo_pygrum (Plate 2, fig.1) wittr the basistyles,b, relatively
small,
the ventmmesal lobe setiferous. Dorsai dististyle, dd, -slender,
the extremetip suddenlynarrowed into an acute point. ventral
dististyle, ad, fleshy,larger tha4 the basistyle; rostrum slend,er,
provided with a single long pale flattened spine arising fromashort squat base,the spine longer than the rostrum be-yondit;
basadof this spine is a small tubercrethat is otherwise u-narmed.
Gonapophyses,
gt,narrow, dark browa. .lEdeagus,o, broad, thebase setiferous. The dorsal dististyles are like those of theordinary type of the mori,o Soup, but the ventral dististyleis more like that of the aberrant D. psetd,omorzoAlexander(easternAsia).
Habitat.-China (Che-kiang).
Holotype, male hills south of Ning-po, May 1, tgZS (8. Sercnson). Allotopotype, female.
Antocha(.Antooha)conf.uentasp. nov.
General coloration brownish gray, the ventral thoracic pleurites lighter gray; rostrum obscureyellow; antenne dark brown
throughout; wings with a dusky tinge; cell 1st M, open by theatrophy of m.
Male.-Length, 5 to 5.5 millimeters; wing, 6 to 6.8. Rostrum
obscure yellow, the palpi dark brown. Antenna dark brown
throughout; flagellar segmentsoval with a conspicuouswhitepubescenee. I{ead dark gray.

,r,sAl,eao,nder:Tiryfide

B6E

Mesonotumdark brownish gray without evident stripes; posterior sclerites of the mesonotumsomewhatpaler. pleura dorselly grayish brown, the sternopleurite and pteropleurite lightgray pruinose. Halteres brown, the base of the stem narrowly
pale. Legs with the coxa and trochantersyellow; femora brownish testaceousto darker browit, the segmentsoutwardly passing
into darker. 'Wings (Plate 1, fig. 2) with a faint dusky tinge;
gfigma barely indicated, pale brown; veins pale brown. Macrotrichia restricted to the apical half of vein Ro*u and the apicaltwo-fifths of veins Mr*, and M.. Anal angle irei.y conspicuous.
Venation: r lying oppositeor just beyond the level of r-m; eelllst M, openby the atrophy of m; m-cu about one-third its length
before the fork of M.
Abdomen dark brown, including the hypopygtum; sternites
1 to 4 with a median yellow stripe. Male hypopygium (plate2, fig,2) with the caudalmargin of the ninth tergite, t, unequallytrilobed, the broader lateral lobes provided with larger seta,
the small, low median lobe with a lesser number of small seta.
Basistyles, b, relatively short and stout. Dististyles, d, fusedbasally, the outer style chitinized, gently curved to the subacutetip, the apical portion carinate; inner sfyle subequalin length,
fleshy, provided with numerous small seta. Gonapophyses,gt,
small and slender, the two taken together appearing lyriform,
each apophysisgently sinuous. .?Ddeagus,o, broad.
Eabitat.-China (Che-kiang).
Ilolotype, male, hills south of Ning-po, May 1, Lg25 (Suenson). Paratopotypes,3 males.
The presmt fly shows features of resemblanceto the genus
Ori,margula Mik and tends to break down the distinctions between the two genera. Despite this point of contact, I consider
that the two genera are sufficiently differentiated. Antocho isessentially r{olarctic in its distribution, with numerous species
in eastern Asia and a lesser number elsewherein the Nearctic
and Palearctic Regions. A few speciesoccur farther south but
then only at higher altitudes in the Himalayas and the mountainsof the East Indian islands. Ori,marguln, on the contrary, isessentially Paleotropical in its distribution, with only the genoffie, alpigena Mik, and the small fly describedhereinafter as
O. fl,aaellasp. nov., oecurring in the llolarctic Region. In the
Tropics the genus shows a great distribution in the Ethiopian
Region, and again in Australia, occurring:as far south as Tas-

366

The phitippf,ne loumal of Setence

re26

mania. It is probable that future collecting
will add much to
our knowledge of these two genera.
Orina,rgrlaflavellasp. nov.
General cororation obscure testaceousyerlow;
rostrum obscure yellow; antenne indistincfly
bicolorous; rr"ra tilii sitvery
gray; wings subhyaline, theveins pale.
Fernate.-Iaugth, aboutB.Eto S.Zmittimeters;.
trum obscure yellow; basal segments patpi wing,4.b. Rosofolslure vettow,
the terminal segmentspassinglnto
brown. Antenna with thescapal segmentsobscure_yellow;flagellar
segmentslnaistinctty
bicolorous,the basesof the inaiviauar
segmentspare, the apiees
more infuscated, tbe amount of darkeoingl".i*rirrg- on tt
outer segments. Ilead tight silvery gray.
"Thorax obscure testaceousyellow, the pteropleurite
withav_aguedarkening Halteres pale. Legs
with the coxa and tro_
chanters yellow; remainder of tfr. legs pale,
only the terminal
tarsal segments fain,y darker. wings
subhyaline, the veins
pale' Macrotrichia on the distar three-?ourtrt.
ofn _."ia ur*r.

atl of M, except
the base,anaanoui;i; ;;ru;tiliJa

vein Mn' venation: r-m shorter than",on*the basal sectionofr proximad
on
at
anout
its
own
*.*r;
lenethbeyond4*,lf_"-p,the end of Rs; celrrvr,.abouttwiJ; its petiole; m--cuvery obrique,about two-thirds to three_fo"*fr"li, own length before thefork of M.
Abdomen obscureyellow, the lateral marginsof the tergites
slightly darker.
Habitat.-'Chiua ( Che_kiang).
Holotype, female, hills south of Niug-po,
May l, 1gZ5 (&nnson). Paratopotype, 1 female.
0rinargula flavellafuscolineatasubsp.
nov.
Femal,e.-Length, about 4 millimeters;
win& 4.g. Generally
similar to the typical form, ditrerG
as follows:
Antenna somewhat longer, the- flagelum
uniformly darkbrown. Mesonotal prescutum yellow*itt,
U""Ja, con_spicuous,dark brown, median" """vjust before thethat ends
suture,the posteriol"t"ip"
p"r"-endteetty tifia. Silil-l;"rir""mediallg the lobes infuscated;scutellum concolorouswith themedian area of the scutum; postnotal
mediotergite pale, moredarkened behind. preura y"tttowistr-iestaceous,the anepister-rr,EAlenand'er: TiPulids

36?

Habi,tat.-...-China( Che-kiang).
Ilolotype, male, hills south of Ning-po, May L, L925 (Su'ensoz).
[otophilus velvetursP. Dovhead
General coloration light gray, the pleura dark brown;
halterestheoflnrobsblue-gray;yellow, the center of the vertex
iart; iegs dark brown; abdomendark brown, the hypopygium
proprr""; oiter lateral angle of basistyle of male hypopygium
longed into a slender setiferous lobe'
Male.-Length, about 4 millimeters; wing, 5'2' Rostrum andprlpi frowniih black. Antenue short, the basal segments
yeliowish, the terminal segments passing into brown; flagella'r
seements oval. Head obscu"" y"U"w, the vertex exteusifelyof thefiri"-g*v, this color reaching the posterior lateral angles
eyes but the occipital region remaining pale'
pale yellowPronotum pale dorsally. Lateral pretergites very
bloom' theblue-grayaprescutumwithish white. Mesonotal
fovea
pseudosutural
narrow brown interspacesindicated behind;prescutum
theofton"""ulate pitJ dark; lateral margins"oa
the fovee narrowly yellowish; scutum dark, pruinose;
behindscutellumdark,thecaudalmarginnarrowlybrownishyellow;
dark brown. pleura dark brown. Halteres browtr,
p"ri""t"*brown,
ihe knobs dark brown. Legs with the fore coxa darkthemiddleandposteriorcoxapaler;trochantersbr.ownishyelyellowish' thelow; remainder of the legs dark brown' Wings
costal region brigfrier yJUo*; anal angle narrowly darkened;yell-owish,the macrotrichia pale brown. venation: Prox""i"*ima le n . lo f c e llR , l y i n g f a r b a s a d o f e i t h e r c e l l R * o r R u , t h eof Mr*.;
t*o t"tt." subequal in ieneth; m-cu near midlength
vein2dAelongate,sinuous,endingaboutoppositethecaudalof the slightlY oblique m-cu'
end---Abdo*"r,dark brown, the hypopygium brownish yellow:
Malehypopygrum(Plate2,fig.11)withtheouterlateralanglleof
trre basi-stvle,b, protluced caudadinto a slender lobe, setiferous
mesal
except tor ttre restricted acute apex which is chitinizpd;
lo b e -o f b a s is t y l e v e r y b r o a d a n d f l a t t e n e d , t b e m a r g i n w i t hnotch ofabundant erect sete. Dististyles two, lying in thethebasistyle;outerdististyle,od,flattnned'theapexnarrower't h e d is t a t t h irdw i t h a n a p p r e s s e c t v e l v e W p u b e s c e n e e ; i n n e rof the style with . ."ri"r of microscopicconical rougheni""c"into
irrgrl iorr"", dististyle, id, broad at base' prolonged caudad$ila::*iff;,,"?:J,T"HT"XBeti1llrr""J"ilii,i'.r,968

The phil,ipfine ,Iowtrat of Scdence$zO

a slender cyrindricar rod, the surface
with vague, microscopic
appressedspinula.
Habitat._China (Che_kiang).
malg hills toutrt or Nins:-po, Mav
1, r9z5 (suen"r#lto**
f,rioptera (Xrioptera)harukawaisp.
nov.
Male.-Length, about 4 to 4.2
millimetersi wing, 8.4 to 6.
-Li"i"ntula
Generallv similar to E.
WS
Arexander, differing

ffiil:

thewiaspattern trrJ,aoctureof tt;;d"""aFlagelrar segments.shg-rt"1,
more

with the f;;;;rhypo_ovar. Knobs of the harteresiry"lbroadrypare. wings:*n:l:o._.*S:
narrowe&whitish subhyaline (plate 1, fig.
4) with the brownpattern reduced to very ti"y,po*-lt tU" origin of Rs, Scr,&
tip of R,, and as a vague seam along
the cord, interrupted at
the fork of M; veins browai*n trr"l.
Venation:;;;It"ongty
sinuous;vein 2d AstrongJy ri"ooor,-i"
somecaseswith a strong
kink immediaterv bevond-*iai"o;rr.
Mare hypo'vgium
the aciculargonapophyses
paleirriougrroot. r" -"iiiiiiit" withtn"varlhglvitr blaekenedapicaily.
Habi,ta,t.-J apan (Honstiul.
Holotype, male, Kurashiki,'Okayama_ken,
altitude 12 meters,
April 6, 1925 (C. Earutiauta)-. p"i"topotfpes,
6 males, April
2 to 16, 1926 (Hgyky!);p"i"trpe, male, Gifu, Mino_no_g,kuni, May lg21 (K. Taheu,ch;t:-"The speciesis named in honor of
the collector, my friendProf' c' Harukawa, entomorogistof the ohara Institute for
Agricultural Research,to wholm r
am indebted for numerous
Tipulida from Kurashiki and els".n"""in Japan.
Gonomyia(ptilostena)kuwaya,naisp. nov.
Fetnale.-Leng*r, about b millimefurs_;
wing, 6 to 6.1. Closely(p.)'o"notm"n*xil"*iia!" rriiaiotli,oii."iog;:t?ff$3,:.
size smater. Head grayrsh yetow,
the center of the vertex
darker. Mesonotarprascutum withthe median ;;;stripewell indicated,the raterar stripes.oiourot"t"; ,"ot"r-r,otJs aa"t;scutellum reddish brown, somewhat
testaceous; postnotar mediotergite dark medi"]Iv,.gr"
raung to reddish brown.
Pleura reddish withou-t evident"id";p"iu -i"*.i"ip"s as in sacharinensis.
Ifalteres yellow, the knobs t"ot"o.
with the coxe andtrochanters reddish; femora yelow, passins
into dark brown,

3r,aAl,eranfi,er:Tipulid,e369

this color very extensiveon the fore legs where it includes morethan the distal two-thirds, narrov/er on the hind legs where lessthan the distal third is darkened; tibie light brown, the tips narrowly blackened; tarsi brownish black, the basitarsi paler at
proximal ends. Wings (Plate 1, fig. 5) with a strong yellovdsh
tinge, the costal reg:ionand the spacebetween the branches ofCu lighter yellow; stigrna small; veins dark brownish yellow.
Venation: Sc, ending shortly before midlength of the relatively
short, arcuated Rs, Sc; before the origin of Rs; Rr*, relatively
short and straig:ht, only a little longer than the petiole of cell
2d M"; in saclwlinensts(Plate 1, fig. 6) Rr*, is long and gently
arcuated, nearly twice as long as the petiole of cell 2d M,;
veins R, and R, contiguous at wing-margin, closing cell Rr.
Abdomen with the caudal margins of the tergites very narrowly and indistinctly yellowish, much less evident than insachalinensi,s,Habi,tat.-Japan (Hokkaido) .
Ilolotype, male, Maruyama, near Sapporo, Ishikari-no-kuni,
July 24, L926 (5. Kuwaaama\. Allotopotype, female; paratopotypes, 2 females.
This interesting fly is named in honor of Prof. Satoru Kuwayama, entomologist of the llokkaido Agrieultural Experiment
Station, who has sent me many interesting:Tipulide from Hokkaido and Karafuto. The most evident points in which thepresent speciesdiffers from sachalinercis are the coloration of
the head and thorax, the darkened femora, the strongly flavescent wings, and the venation. The abdomenof the unique male
Wpe was lost before the hypopygium could be studied.
ClailurabiilensBp. nov.
General coloration pale fulvous yellow; tips of the femora
and tibie narrowly infuscated; abdomen bicolored, the caudal
marg:insof the segmentspale, the basesinfuscated; male hypopygium only moderately incrassated,the basisfles stout; dististyle single, stout; each g:onapophysisproducedinto two strong
teeth at apex.
Male.-Length, about 6.5 millimeters; wing, 8.
Femnle.-T'ength, ?.6 milimeters; uring, 9.
Rostrum and palpi obscure yellow, the terminal segments of
the latter a little infuscated. Antenne relatively short, thebasal segmentsyellow, the outer segmentsweakly bicolorous,
the basal portions of the individual segments being a little
darker than tlte tips. Ifead brownish yellow.

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The Phi,lipfine Journnt, of Sei,ence

re26

Pronotum yellow. Mesouotum shiny fulvous yellow, themedian area of the prascutum a little darker, the lateral margins
narrowly yellowish; seutellum and postnotum more infuscated.
Pleura yellow. Halteres yellow, the knobs weakly infuscated.
Legs with the coxe and trochanters light yellow; femora andtibie brownish yellow, the tips narrowly but conspicuouslydark
brown; tarsi dark brown, the proximal ends of the basitarsi
paler. Wings dith a yellowish tinge, the stigmal region stilluore yellowish; veins dark. Macrotrichie relatively long andconspicuous. Venation: Sc, ending some distance beyond theorigin of R, Sc, removedfrom its tip to a distanceabout equal
to m-cu; Rs sinuous; r present, variable in position, usually ator before middistance betweeu the fork of Rr*, and the tipof Rr; m a little shorter than the petiole of cel M,; m-cu at or
beyondthe fork of M.
Abdominal tergites indistinctly bicolorous, dark brown, thecaudal margins of the segments paler; on the sternites thisbicolorousappearanceis more clearly indicated. In the female
the brown of the segmentsis largly confined to the cephalicand latepal portions, leaving the median area pale as a moreor Iess distinct median stripe. Subterminal segment of maledark brown; hypopygium pale yellowish browu. Male hypopygium (Plate 2, fi5.6) of the general structure of C. autumno
Alexander, there being a single stout dististyle and the basistyle of moderate length and stoutness. Dististyle, d, broadest
at base. Gonapophyses,gr, appearing as flattened, winglike
plates, the apex (Plate 2, fig.8) bearing two powerful forcepslike teeth, the outer margin of the apophysis microscopicallysetulose. In autumno the apical teeth of the gonapophysis(Plate 2, fr9.9) consist of two weak denticles that lie side byside, the cephalic edge of.the apophysis with a few weak denticles. The gonapophysesof C. ntpponensisAlexander (plate2, fig. 7) are very different in structure.
Habitat.-trapan (I{okkaido).
Holotype, male, Maruyalna, near Sapporo, Ishikari-no-kuni,
October 6, 1923 (M. Hori). Allotopotypg female; paratopo6rlles, 5 malesand females.
Cla,iluram.egeoauila
sp. nov.
General coloration pale pulvous yellow; tips of femora andtibiae narrowly infuscated; abdomenbicolorous,yellow, the caudal margins of the individual segments narrowly infuscated;:r,sAlesand,er:Ti,wlide

37tmale hypopygium very large, nearly globular in form, with two
distisiles.
Mal,e.-Length, about 7 millimeters; wing, 8.4. Basal segments of the antenne yellow, the flagellum broken. Headyellow.
Pronotum yellow. Mesonotumshiny fulvous yellow, without
markings, the lateral margins of the prescutum paler. Pleura
pale yellow. Halteres pale, the knobs darkened. Legs withthe coxe and trochanters pale yellow; femora and tibie yellow,
the tips narrowly but conspicuouslyinfuscated; basitarsi brown,
the tips passing into dark brown, the terminal tarsal segments'Wings (Plate
uniformly dark brown; leg:sconspicuouslyhairy.
1, flg. ?) subhyaline, the costal region very slightly more yellowish; veins dark brown, those in the costal region a trifle
paler. Venation: Sc, endiug just beyond the origin of R,, Sc,
about three times its own leneth from the tip; r atrophied,
indicated only by a weak spur on Rr; inner ends of cells Ro,&, and lst M, in oblique alignment.
Abdomen yellow, the caudal margins of the seguents narrowly infuscated to produce a narrowly banded appearance;
basal tergites with a narrow dusky median stripe. Male hypopygrum very large, the uinth tergite and sternite fused iuto
a globular structure (Plate 2, fig, 5). Region of the ninth
tergite (Plate 2, fi9.4) with a deepV-shapednotch, the extreme
apex of the V with a smaller rounded nof,ch; lateral lobes of
the tergite thus formed extended into acute points; viewed
laterally there are seen to be a secondpair of stouter, more
obtuse lobes of equal length immediately ventrad of the first
pair. Sternal region, s, with a very broad V-shapednotch, themargin with abundant, conspicuousyellow sete. Basistyle, b,
slender, on the ventro-mesalface of eaehwith two lobes. Two
distisfles; outer dististyle, od, shorter, fleshy, the inner edge
udth long erect sete; inner dististyle, id, longer and slenderer,
narrowed distally, the basal portion with conspicuouserect seta,
the apex of the style curved.
H abi,tat.-Japan (Holikaido) .
Holotype, male, Sapporo, Ishik4ri-no-kuui, end of August,1925 (Kuwagama)
Clailura megacaud,ais readily distiguished from all known
species of Cladura by the very large and complicated malehypopygium.

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Th,ePhilippine Journo,l, of Sci,ence

10zo

Ilactylolabirgracilistylussp. nov.
General cororation dark gray; prescutum with four brown
stripes; pleura clear gray; wings of male strongly infumeaf"F,
male hypopygrum with the long slender basistyle-more than
twice the length of the outer dististyle.
Male.-Lenglh, 7.2 millimeters ; wing ?.g.
Female._Length, about 6.g to T millimeters; wing, 7.8 to 7.5.
Rostr"l and parpi dark brown. Antenne black-ihroughout,'the basal segment-slighfly pruinose; flagellar segments oval,
very distincfly separated. Head right blue-gray with a smali
It*v*w *> fuscous spot on the anterior vertex from which a capillary vitta
extendscaudadto the occiput. In the female this capillary line
is less clearly defined.
p1s16f,rrmbrownish gray, elearer graylaterally. Mesonotal
prascutum gray with four narrow dark brown stripes; posteriorsclerites of mesonotumdarker gray. pleura clear gray. Hal_
teres dark brown, the base of the stem narrowry yelow. Legs
with the coxa right gray; trochanters brown, sparserypruinosi;
legs brownish black, the femoral bases only a trifle paler.
Wings (Plate 1, fig. S) with a strong dusky iiog", the sligma
and vdgue seamson the anterior cords still darker; veins Jark
brown, with conspicuousobliterative areas at the end of Rs
and algng the cord. venation: sc, ending immediatery before
the fork of Rs, Se, at its tip i r at tip of R,, and just beyond
midlength of R,; petiole of cell M, equal to ttre cell; m_cu atfork of M; arculus punctiform, veins R, M, and cu -beingapproximated at origin. rn the type mare, in bothwings, veins
M, and M, before the wing margin unite and fuse for a shortdistance back from the margin, forming an elongate-ovalcelr
M,. The type of the related D. tongicau,ilaAlexander, of Japan,
e:&ibits the same peculiarity.
Abdomenof male elongated,dark gray, the hypopyg:iumdark
Male hypopygrum (plate 2, fig. B) with the i"rirtyt",u."yelongate and srender, more than twice as long as the outerdististyle, the latter nearly straight, stout; inner dististyleslenderer, curved.
In the females that are rbferred to this speciesa rather
noteworthy diference in coloration from that in the male isfound. The femora and tibie are light brown with blackened
tips. fire wings are paler with the brown elouds along thecord more evident. cefl lst M, more elongate; ce[ M, o""ying31,sAleaand,er:Ti,pulid,s

BZB

from relatively short to more than twice the length of thepetiole. Halteres more uniformly pale iu color.
H abi,ta,t.-4hina (Che-kiang).
Holotype, male, hills south of Ning-po, May t, L925 (&tnnson). Allotopotype, female; paratopotypes, 1 male, 1 female.
Limnophila(Ephelia) suensorisp. Dov. 'Male.-Lengrth, about 6 millimeters; wiug, 7. Generally
similar to L. (8.) ili,etziantaAlexander (Honshiu, Japan) but
notably larger and with differencesin coloration and structureof the male hypopygrum.
Antenne with the scapebrownish black; basal flagellar segments light yelloq the intermediate segments bicolorous, thebases of the segments being slightly darkened. Prescutal
pattern very similar, but the anterior ends of the intermediate
stripes subobsolete. The black apical riigs of the femora areslightly paler at their extreme tips so that the black annuli
appear narrower and subterminal in position. 'Wings with thesame abundant dotted pattern, the apical fascia (in ends ofcells R, to M,) tending to be brbken into blotches. Venation:
The supernumerary crossveinin cell M lies shortly beyond thelevel of the origin of Rs and opposite the end of vein 2d A.
Male hypopygxumwith the outer distisMe weakly setiferous,
asin di,etzionn,butthe apical hook short and only gently curved.
The differencesbetweenthe speciesconcernid are shown by thedististyles in figures on Plate Z (fie. L4, wbapnil,i,naAlexaucler;
fig. L2, dietzi,anaAlexander; fig. 13, suensowisp. nov.).
H abitat.-China ( Che-kiang).
Ilolotype, male, hill south of Ning-po May 1, L925 (Suenr
son).
This handsomecrane fly is named in honor of the collector,
Mr. E. Suenson,to whom I am indebted for nany speciesof
Tipulida from eastern China.
Genus IBOCf,OPEILABrunetti
7924. Trogloplzdo Bnurnrrr, Rec. Ind. Mus. 26: 99-100.
1926.Esohiomyi.a Ar.nu,Npm, Ann.,& Mag. Nat. Eist. TX 152 78-74.

Brunetti proposed the name koglophi,Ia (as a subgenusof
Limnophila) for a peculiar fly from the Garo Hills, Assam.
The following year, I erected the genus Esakiomgi,o for a Japanese speciesof the same gtoup. There is some question in

374

The phili,p&ne Jotnnal, of

Sciencere2cmy mind as to wh3ttr91 the orthopterangeuus Troglophifus
Krauss.,, having quite the .u-"a.iuation, does not preclude
the use of Troglophi,Ia,g"o"utti,d"rpit" the terrniaation. Ifowever' unt' some agreement isreached as to what constitutes
a preoccupiedname, the genus
asa*tomui ir-Jil*j"inthesynonymy.
As now constituted,
lroglophrZo includes four species,which
oecurin China,Japan,gssam,
no*"o. Thesespeciesmay
be separatedby ttre following "rri.t"""J""r,
1. m-cu some distance before
the fork of M:

endingoppo,itu-ir,",.r""1"1n.-l&#.i:::*t::.*;.1?ri[lff"T,Tm-cu at or close tofork of U; tr"irr--l"t e foog",-.*t"ojiog-thebeyond one-third thetolength ; ;i2. CeIl M, normally nresent; peuultimateiri'u,...-........-._...._.:.-...-..-......__--.-z.
and. ultimate sections of veiu
R, subequal,or tie latter il"*".--'icf,ii)_-,..-.-.. geticornissp. nov.
cell M' lacking; ultimate;Jt;,
about one-harf the-rength"."ti-o-o-ot
the penultimate section-._--.._.-----.._-:--"
3. Sc relatively short, S..
of veins ]ong and con^spi.r*r.--1-J1ry;.)"nal"g-'opil;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;*,-----.rlrcornis (Atexander).
Sc louger, Sc, eading between
one_thiri and one_fourth thelength of
R 4r; macrotrichiaof veins i";;;;d;.
(Borneo.)

Troslophiramonticotais
knownto me

or;;"1::":X'"1:of Mr' Edwardstspaper on the
Bornean"r,"
Nematocera,which was
to have appearedin the s""urukiloseum Journar, vorume 2,part 4, No. g, for lg}4.
Mr. Edwards informs me thatthepaper had not appearedin press
proof sheet suppriesan-_excetent t; th" middle of 1928. The
figure gf t-he wing, indicatinga speciesgenerally.simitar b r.
nitcomts, bit a-rfJ"#J.u, ir_
dicated above. rt is probauretrrai
til description, when avairable, vrill furnish other differ;;of ,ir", structure, and color_
ation betweenthe two species.
characters of Trogtophila may
now be recast as,"rlfr:u".ric
Rostrum very sho_rt. Antenne
elongate,filiform, presumably
16-segmented,
the s'ture betweentrr"-i"rt twosegmentsobsorete
o"1"lr so;- scapat.se.gments
very small, nrJ"ff"il"Lents^o,1elongate-cyrindricar.crothedwith a irto"t ereet pubescenceandinconspicuous u."ii"il..
il;;;
?rte*
broad. pronotum
smat and inconspicuous. Mesonoium
elongate' approximated or .o"tigoo* with the tubercuratepits
at the median rine, Iying
slightly anterior to the leverof trt-"prJuaorutural
fovee. Middle' Sitzber. Akad. \triss. \trien 78 1 (18?9)

6gg.

3r,s

Aleaanl,er: Tieulide375

and posterior co:re closely approximated. Tibial spurs slender.
wings with sc ending opposite or slightly beyond the fork of
Rs, Sc, at the tip of Scr; r on R, far removed from the tip ofRr; cell M, present (seti'corni,s)or lacking; m-cu before (caoer'
ni,cola) or close to the fork of M; anterior arculus present.
Longituclinal veins of wing with macrotrichie almost to wingbase. Male hypopygrum of simple structure; distiswles two.
Ovipositor entiiely fleshy, the base cylindrical, the tiny tergal
valves lying transversely, each terminating in a small spinous.
point.
Genotype, Li,mnophi'In (Trogtophil,al canetn'icola Brunetti(Oriental Region).
Troglophila sef,iconris8P. nov.
General coloration light brownish yellow; head grayrsh
brown; antenne of male fully one-half longer than the body;wings with a faint brownish tinge; penultimate and ultimate
sections of vein R, subequal or the latter a little long:er; cell
M,-Mate.-I'ength,normally present; m-eu at or close to the fork of M'
3.8 to 4.5 millimeters; wing, 5'3 to 5'5; antema, 6 to 7.
Femnle.-Length, 4 to 4.5 millimeters; wing, 5'1 to 5'8; antenna, L.9 to 2.
Rostrum obscure yellow; basal segment of palpus brownish
yellow, the remaining segments dark brown. Antenne setiio"*, dark brown throughout; in male l5-segmented' the firstflagellar segment shorter than the second, the second shorter
than the third; beyond the third the segments gradually decreasein length to the end, the terminal segment elongate, approximately as long as the penultimate and probably the result of
fusion of two segtnents. In the female the antenne are indistinctly 1&segmented, the elongate terminal segment being
weakly divided at near two-thirds the length' I{ead grayrsh
brown.
Pronotum infuscated. Mesonotum light brownish yellow, thelateral margins of the prescutum somewhat paler; pseudosuturbl fovee pale. Pleura testaceogs yellou', the dorsal pleurites
slighily infuscated. Halteres,pale brown, the base of the stem
narrowly yellow. Legs with the co:<e and trochanters yellowish
testa.ceous;remainder of legs pale brorvn, the terminal tarsal
segments darker. Wings (Plate 1, fig. 9) with a faint browntinge; veins slightly darker brown. Macrotrichie present on

376

Th,e Philippine

Jou,mal, of Sci'ence

rszs

basesof M, Cu, and 2d A; Cu, without trichie as in all lmown
Tipulida. Venation: Sc relatively short, Sc, ending about opposite one-thirdthe length of Rr*r, Sc, at its tip; in a few cases
Se is shorter, ending mord nearly opposite the fork of Rs;
peuultimate sestion of vein R, shorter than or subequalto theultimate section,cell 2d R, thus being very deep; cell M, normally present,small; in a few casescell M, is lacking but in such
instancesthe tip of vein Mr*, is asymmetrical,with usually theanterior of the branches (M,) preserved,the posterior branch(M,) being atrophied or with only a marginal trace present;
m-cu close to the fork of M; cell lst M, rectangular, gently
widenedoutwardly; cell 2d A broad.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, somewhat paier laterally;sternites obscure yellow.
Habi.tat.-China (Che-kiang).
Holotype, male, hills south of Ning-po, May 1, 7925 (Sumson). AllotopoWpe, female; paratopotypes, 6 males and f+'nrales.
TIPULINE

0ropezdshirakiellasp. nov.
Female.-Length, 12 to 13 millimeters; wing' 11 to 11.5.
Generally similar to O. candi'dipesAlexander (Honshiu. Japan),differing especially in the antenna and coloration.
Antenne much shorter. Flagellar segxnentsbeyond the firstbieolorous,the basal portion of each segment dark brown, thedistal portion paler, the terminal segmentspassing into uniform
brown. Prascutum with four stripes; the median vitta ofbroadly divided by a line of the ground color. Legs
cand;i,itipes
with the fore and middle tibie strongly infuscated, the narrowbase and broader apex of each snowy white; posterior tibie
entirely snow white; all tarsi white. Wings with the groundcolor more saturated, especiallythe costal region which is strongly infumed; prearcu}ar cells largely dark; white presflgmal andpoststigmal spots very conspicuous. Abdominal tergites darkbrown, the basal rings of the individual segmentsslightly paler;sternites obscure testaceous yellow, the caudal margins of thesegxnentsa little darker.
Habitat.-Taiwan.
Ilolotype, female, Tarnaru (Rato), August 31, 1928 (T. Shiralci,\. ParatopotyPe, female

Alenander: Tipulid"e

,r,8

877

This handsomeOropeaois named in honor of Prof. Tokuichi
Shiraki, entomologist for Formosa, to whom I am greatly indebted for many kind favors.
Tipula aciferasp. nov.
Belongsto the annnilicornisgroup; size very small (wing lessthan 10 millimeters) ; antenne (male) elongate, bicolorous;
mesonotal prescutum brownish yellow with three brown stripes,
tte median stripe paler in front and split by a capillary brownvitta; pleura dark brown; male hypopygium with the median
lobe of the tergite cylindrical, gradually narrowed to the blunt
tip.
Mole.-T'ength, 8 millimeters; wing, 8.5; antenna, about 4.2.
Female.-Length, 10 millimeters; wing:, 9.
Frontal prolongation of the head short, brown, the nasus very
short; palpi dark browu. Antenne elongate in the male, if
bent backward extending about to one-third the length of theabdomen; first scapal segpent obscureyellow, the secondsegment light yellow; flagellum bicolorous, the second flag:ellar
segment and tlrose following with the basal enlargement darkbrown, the remainder of each segpent yellow. In the female
the antenne extend about to the wing root. Eead graJaslt
brown, more yellowish anteriorly.' In the female the anteriorvertex is split by a distinct capillary blackish vitta, the posterior
orbits narrowly pale.
Pronotum dark browu. Mesonotal prescutum brownish yellow with three brown stripes, the lateral stripes entire, themedian stripe entire only at the caudal end, the anterior end
becoming subobsolete,the margins and a capillary median line
remaining dark brown; scutum brownish testaceous,the centersof the lobes dark brown; scutellum testaceous, the surface
more or less pollinose. Pleura dark brown. Halteres yellow,
the knobs dark brown, their apices paler. Legs witb the coxr
brown basally, the apieespassinginto obscureyellow; trochanters obscureyellow; fore femora dark brown, the bases narrowly obscure yellow; middle and bind femora brownish yellow,
the tips rather narrowly infuscated; tibie and tarsi dark brown.
In the female the femora are more extensively and unifomly
darkened. Wings (Plate 1, fig. 10) rrith a faint brown tinge;
cells C and Se slightly darker; stigma oval, dark brown; narnow
darker seamsalong Rs, the cord, and veirls R**u, Cu, and 2d A;
221{88---8

378

The Philippine Journnl of Scdence

n26

conspicuousobliterative areas before the cord, extending frombefore the stigma crossingcelr rst M, into thebase of ceu
Mr;
a conspicuouspale spot beyond the stigma in cells 2d R,
anlbase of Rr; veins dark brown, more yellowish just beforethestigma; the veius in the obliterative areas are so pare as
to bealmost invisible, especially the basal deflection of wtr.- venation:- Cell lst M, very small, relatively narro% m being fromone-third to one-harf the length of the basal sectio" oi *r;;cell M, deep; vein_2d A relatively long, extending to about op_
posite two-thirds the length of the first section oi
vein Cu,.
Abdominal tergites obseurefulvous yeilow, the segments
margined laterally and caudally with black, the medianline of thetergites more or less infuscated, restricting the ground color
to the sublateral regions of the sclerites; sternites obscurefulvous yellow, the caudal margins of the segments na*owry
ringed with dark brown, the eighth sternite entirely ilactenea;
hvpopygium light brown. Male hlryopygium with the medianregion of the tergite produced caudad into a slender blackened
cvlindrical rod that na-rrowsgradually to the narrow bl;;-E;.
Habitat.-Japan (Shikoku) .
{lptf'n", male, Mount Ishitsuchi, altitude 1,000 meters, Au_
gust
10, 1925. Allotopotype, female.
TiMa aci,fera is allied to T. insuli,coro,Arexander, T.
ni,rckoensi,sAlexander, and ?. sparsisetaArexander, ditrering inthesmall size and structure of the male hypopygrum. The-fly was
included in some interesting speciestrom shikoku sent tomeby Professor Harukawa.
Tipula cylinilmrtylatasp. nov.
Belongs to the nipponensisgroup; closely allied to T. queru,la,Alexander (Japan), differing in the more elongateantenia
andthe structure of the hypopygium, especiallythe feebly oot.ma
tergite and the long curved outer dististyle.
Mol,e.-Length, about 11 millimeters; wing, 12.8; antenna,
about 4.
Female.-T,ength, about 12 millimeters; wing, 12.
Frontal prolongation of the head crear light y;uow, the parpi
beyond the basal segmentdbrk brcwn; nasus long and slender.
Antenna (male) rerativery elongate, if bent baciward extenaTC t9 beyondthe base of the abdomen; flagellar segmentsuni_
formly blackened. preura with the sternopreuritJ antt anepisternum extensively darkened. wings somewhat darker, thepale areas more elearly delimited, five in number;
namely, pre-3r,BAl,eaand,er:Tipulida

379

stigmal, poststigmal, cell lst M, outer end of cell M, and theouter end of cell lst A near vein 2d A. Venation: Cell 1st M,
somewhatsmaller.
Abdominal tergites bicolqous, dark brown, the basesof thesegmmts obscure yellow, the amount more extensive on thebasal segrnents,this eoloration becoming more restricted behind; basal sternites more uniformly yellow. Male hypopygium(Plate 2, fig. 15) with the ninth tergite, f, simple, the caudal
margin gently notched. Outer distisfles, od, very long andslender,curved mesad,pale throughout, their surfaceswith conspicuouserect sete. Inner dististyles, ,id, viewed laterally simple, the apex produced into an acute point.
Tipul,a quertila has the ninth tergite with a conspicuous
U-shapeclmedian notch, the margin of which is blackened,thebase untoothed; outer dististyle of moderate length only.
H abi,tat:-China ( Che-kiang).
Holotype, male, hills south of Ning-po, May l, L926 (Suensonl. Allotopoffpe, female; paratopofirye, male.
There can be little question that flies of this general Wpe
were the ancestorsof NesopezoAlexander, Mitopezu Edwards,
and through them the remaining Dolichopezaria.
Tipulayamanurianasp. no\r"
General coloration gray, the prascutum with three brown
stripes; antenne bicolorous; wings with a strong brownish
tinge; stigma dark brown; pale areasbefore the cord and including the basal half of cell M; abdominal tergites with brown
sublateral stripes.
Fenale.-Length, 28 millimeters; wing, 23.5. Frontal prolongation of the head dark gray, the nasus elong:ate;palpi darkbrown, the incisures slighUy paler. Antenna wlth the basal
segment elongate, heavily pruinose; seeond segment brown;
flagellar segments bicolorous; first flagellar segment black,obseure brownish yellow at both ends; succeedingflagellar
segmentsblack basally, the apical portion brownish yellow, theamount of black gradually increasing outwardly, the terminal
segments uniformly infuscated; flagellar segments only moderately incisedbeneath; verticils cbnspicuous. Head light grayvertical tubercle obsolete.
Pronotum light gray.. Mesonotalpreseutum clear light graywith three brown stripes, the lateral stripes short and narrow,of a paler brown than the median area; median stripe V-shaped,
the anterior portion being invaded by an acute triangle of the

380

The Phili,ppi,ne Journal of Seience

re26

ground color; scutum gray, eachlobe with asingle rarge browu
scutellum
pale
gray;
whitishpostnotar
medioterdte whitr!ot;
ish gray, the median_areavaguely darkened. pleura?ay,
thepleurotergite with_a brown spot or5the tumid ventral-portion.
Halteres brownn the base of the stem paler. Legs
with thecoxe pale, white pruinose; tr.ehauters obscureyetiow; femora
r-eddishbrown, the tips passing into black; tiuil ngni
browu,
tle tins broadly blackened;tarsi dark brown, passinglnto
brack;
tibial spurs very slender; tarsi a litfle longe" trrri -irretibie.
wings with a strong brownish tinge, the base u"ac andsc more yellowish; stigmal region very conspicuous,dark".it* browu;
wfiitish subhyalineareas before the Jord, including ."it, rrt n,,
the outer fifth of R, the proximal half of 1rt M;tn"treme basal portions of cens M, and M*; r".ont conspicuous"oa"*pale wash includesthe entire basal half of"cell M; veins black,brown in the costal region; obriterative areas incruding theendof Rs, and the basalsectionsof veins Mr*r, and M,- ienation:
CelI R, acute at origin, both sections of-iein R, being approx_
imately in alignment; cell 1st M, broad and ample, thi cephalicmargin gently arcuated; the obriterative sectionsihat surroundthe cell subequalin length; m anrl petiole of cell M, subequal.
Abdominal tergites dark gray with a broad sublateralbrownsfripe on either side, the lateral margins broadly, the caudal
marg'ins more narrowly, ocherous;the brown sublateral stripes
are interrupted or nearly so by the conspicuousblackenedimpressedbasal areas at the sidesof the tergites; the graymedianarea of the tergum begins on the third segment and continues
to the end of the abdomen;the brown subrateral stripes become
narrowed behind, obsoleteon the six-th tersite; sternites
brownish g"ay basally,the outer steraites crearergray, the caudar
margins of the segmentsnarrowry and indistincily-pale.
ovipositor
with the basal shields shiny brack; valves brownish horn coror,
all valves smooth; tergal valves slender.
Habi.tat.-Japan (Honshiu).
Ifolotype, female, Kurashiki, Okayama-Ken, along a woodIand brook, altitude 18. meters, May 21, LgZ6 (Hantlcawa).
Ti'wla yamamuriano is apparenfly most closery alied
to ?.
kuzuensisAlexander. It was associatedwith othei u""rJerane
flies at Kurashiki, especiaily with Eri,optera (Itisia) asgmmntlto
Alexander, Pseud,orimnophil,ainconcussa (Alexander),Li'mnophira (Epheria) wbaprtlina Arexander, Ti,puJaitppon"nszs Alexander, ?. gamata Alexander, and ?. orzo Alexander.

er,cAtreroniler: Tipulide381

The fly bears a rather marked superficial resemblanceto ?.
aino bult differs in the wide cell 1st M, and the couspicuouspale
baseto cell M.
I dedicatethis fly to the memory of shdzaburoYamamura, thefirst native Japanesestudent of the Tipulide. I am indebted
to Prof. Teiso Esaki for an account of Yama^urura'slife, of
which a brief summary is given herewith:shozaburo Yamamura was born in either 1893 0r 1894 in
Minakuchi, K6ga-gun, Province of omi, of christian parents.
He studied in the Minakuchi Agricultural and Dendrological
School and graduated therefrom in March, 1912' During his
school days he was one of the leaders of the Minakuchi Boys
Entomological Society, founded in 1910, with more than fifty
members in various parts of Japan. Upon his eraduation, in
1912, he entered Nawa's Entomological Laboratory in Gifu as
an entomological assistant. In April, 1915, he moved to theForestry Inslitute of Keikid6, Keij6, Chosen,where he diecl of
typhoid fever on December5, 1915. There can be no question
tirat in the death of Yamamura, Japaneseentomologylost one of
the most promising of its younger students. Although his
early work was devoted to the Lepidoptera, especiallythe Lithosiida, he later had turned his whole attention to the Tipulide
with the intention of becomingJapan',sauthority on the group.
only his early deceaseprevented his attaining this position.
Yamamura had amasseda large and valuable collection of Ti'
pulide at the time of his death, but this has entirely disappeared. In 1918 and later, through the kind efforts of Dr.
Akio Nohira and Professor Esaki, I tried to locate this collection, which, according to Doctor Nohira, included in excessof
one hundred species,but this search was unavailing' A portrait of Yamamura is given in the Entomological Magazinc(Kyoto) 2 (1916) 64.

AT.EXANDER: TrPULrD4.l

ILLUSTRATIONS
g, sota.
Ct, cubitu;d, diEtigtvL; d4 dolsEl di!fisfle;
tlegead: rl,, aal veiru: D, basirtde;
pophysie; dd, Inner dististyle;14,
nedia; o4 outer dististvtei I?. radlnsi Sc, Eubcosta; t,used: CoDstock-Needhan'Tttlyrral.
Vetationalterminologyrd, ventral ilististyle.
tersite;used: CrrnDto!.J
terminology
Eypopygial

PI,ATE .1
parom'oria sp. Dov.' wing.
Frc. 1. Diatorwmgia
conflilortto sp. nov., wing.
2. Antoaha (Antoalwl
g. Ori.morgulo flmtella, fuscolitwoto Eubsp. nov., wiug.
(Eriopteralhortlcauoi
sp. nov., wing.
4. Erbptera
6. Gonomyia, (Ptilnste'nel lat'woyomni sp. nov.' wiug'
socho,liner',g,is Alexander' wing.
6. Gonornuia (Ptiloetena)
7. Claduro rnegaccvuilo sp. nov.' wing.
8. Dactglolabis gractlistgha sp. nov., wing.
9. Troglophilo seticomiis sp. nov., wing.
lO. Tirula aciferu sp. nov., wing.
PI.ATD 2
Frc. 1. Dicronornyia parf,,nnrio sp. nov., male hypopygium.
2. Antocho (Antoahol confli'enta sp. nov.' male hyaopygium"
3. DactAlolabis grocilistglus 8p. nov.' male'hypopygiud.
4. Claduro ,tuegacou,ile sp. nov., male hypopygium, dorsal.
6. Clailru,ra megocott'cla sp. nov.' male hypopygium' lateral.
6. Cloiluro bid,ens sp. nov., male hypopygium.
7. Cla'ifu.ro nipponensis Alexander; gonapophysis.
8. Cladnra bi.ilnns sp. nov., gonapophysis.
9. Clailura outumrw Alexander; gonapophysis.
lA.' Clad,ura, auturrlnd, Alexander ; tergite.
LL. Molophilus oahsetus sp. nov.' male hypopygium.
(Ephelia'S ilietziotto Alexander;outer dististyle.
12. Limnophiln(Epheliol
suensoni 8p. nov.' outer dististyle.
18. Limnophita(Eptwlia,) subaprilina Alexander;outer dististyle.
74. Lirmophila
sp. aov., male hgnpygium.
t5. Tipula calbtfllostulato
383

lPErLrP. JouBN. Scr., 31, No. g.

AI'axINDla:[PIrtIrP. Jou.N. Scr.' tl'

I:PuLmr.I

No' s'-2/N10"4\ff
PLATE 2.