The AmericanMidlandNaturalistof NotreDame, NotreDame, Indiana
PublishedQuarterly
by The University
VOL. 51JANUARY, 1954

No. 1

of NorthAmerican
Recordsand Descriptions
Crane-Flies(Diptera)'
Part IX. The Tipuloideaof Oregon, I
CharlesP. Alexander
Amherst
Universityof Massachusetts,

General Accountin outline,its extremeeast-west
The stateof Oregonis roughlyrectangular
wicdthbeing380 miles,its greatestlength,as measuredalong the 124thmeridian 280 miles. It includes96,699 square miles,of which 1092 are water.
The stateis boundedon the northby Washingtonand, in largepart,by the
ColumbiaRiver;on the east by Idaho, withthe Snake River,a major tributaryof the Columbia,formingmorethan one-halfof this boundary;on thesouth it is boundedby the statesof Nevada and California;on the west by
thePacificOcean.
The Cascade Range dividesthe state into two unequal parts,the western
thirdincludingthe WillametteValley and the Coast section,the easterntwothirdsthe extensivebut sparselypopulated plains-plateauregion. Physiographically,the state has been subdividedinto eight more or less natural
regionsor provincesthat are definedfurtheron charactersof climate,soil,
biota,and otherfeatures. From westto east theseregionsincludethe Coast;
SouthernOregon; WillametteValley; Cascades; Deschutes-Columbia;Blue
Mountains-Wallowas;SoutheasternLake; and the Snake River. As regards
thecrane-fly
fauna,certainof theseareasare muchmoreimportant
thanothers
and are discussedin moredetail.
The Coast Region.-This includesthe Oregon Coast Range,comprisedof
low rollingmountainsthathave a mean elevationof less than 2,000 feet,thehighestpoint (Marys Peak) attaining4,097 feet. Betweenthe mountains
and the ocean lies the narrowPacificcoastalplain wherethe westernfoothillsof the rangeleave only a narrowmarginof plain, or, in places,actuallyjut
intothe sea as rockyheadlands. Many streamsrise in the Coast Range andflowwestwardinto the Pacificwhileothersfloweastwardinto the WillametteRiver,as discussedlater under the WillametteRegion. In the south,tworivers,the Rogue and the Umpqua, originatein the westernslopesof the Cas1 The preceding
partunderthisgeneraltitlewas publishedin THE AMERICAN MIDNATURALIST 42: 257-333,1949.

LAND

at theconclusion
Referencesin thetextreferto thebibliographyof thegeneralaccount.
In the reportthe author'sname has been abbreviatedto the initial"A" following
zecordsof specimens.M. M. Alexander-Mrs.CharlesP. Alexander.
I

2

THE

AMERICAN MIDLAND

NATURALIST

51(1)into the Pacific.
cades and completely
traverse
the Coast Range,flowing
Peck (1941) in hisstudyof plantdistribution
dividesthepresent
regioninto
all wellfourareas,a southandnorthcoastand a southand northmountain,
ofdistribution
in thehigher
distinguishedbypeculiarities
plants.
Numerousand veryimpcrtantcollectionsof crane-flies
havebeenmade
throughout
theCoastRegion,including
theCoastRange,particularly
bythe
Fenders,
butwithsmallerserieshavingbeentakenbyAlbright,
Davis,Macnab,Post,Scullen,Townes,and others.Of particularsignificanceare thecollections
madeby Professor
JamesA. Macnab,assistedby co-workers
andformerstudents
at Linfield
College,in an areaon SaddleMountain,
in northeastern
LincolnCounty(Macnab,1945;Dirks-Edmunds,
1947). Extensive
seriesof theseflieshavebeentakenbyFenderat GunaldoFallsand at High
importantseriesof crane-flies
taken
Heaven,in YamhillCounty.The highly
by Fenderon PeavineRidge,in theeasternfoothillsof theCoastRangein
YamhillCounty,
moreproperly
areh-ereconstrued
as fallingin theWillamette
Regionandwillbe discussed
thereunder.
fromtheCalapooyaMountains
The Southern
OregonRegion.-Extends
in Lane and Douglascounties
to the California
stateline,lying
southward
chiefly
betweenthe Coast Rangeand the Cascades,including
the complex
mountainmassformed
bythecloseapproximationor unionof theCascades,
Coast Range,KlamathMountainsand the Siskiyous.The sectionlying
between
EugeneandRoseburg,
a distanceof some50 milesin length
byfrom10 to 20 milesin width,
whilenotconsidered
as being"CoastRange"bythe
localinhabitants,
according
to Fenneman(1931: 419,435,459-460)is quite
comparable
in its altitudeand reliefto a largepartof the OregonCoast
Rangeand is placedbyhimin thesamephysiographic
section.Peck (1941)
recognizes
twoseparate
theSiskiyousof thesouthcoastalareaand
districts,
the Rogue-Umpqua
area lyingmoreinland. The Tipulidaeof thisregion
are but littleknown,the chiefcollections
havingbeen made at Ashland,
GrantsPass andMedford,
and in theSiskiyou
NationalForest.
of theWillamette
The Willamette
Region.-Thisis comprised
essentially
Valley,a roughly
rectangulartrough,nearly180 milesin length,
extending
fromtheColumbiaRiverin thenorthto theCalapooyaMountains,in widthextendingsome60 milesfromtheCascadesto theCoastRange. The region
is drainedbytheWillametteRiverand itstributaries,
a totalarea
includingof some11,200squaremiles,producing
themostimportantcomagricultural,
mercialand industrial
partsof the stateand withapproximately
two-thirds
oftheentire
population.
The westernsome60slopesof theCascades,withits foothills,
comprisepercent
oftlletotalareaof theWillametteBasin. This is traversed
bymanyand streams,
someof thesevalleys
deepvalleysthathavebeencutbyglaciers
thewestern
beingfully1,000feetin depth. The CoastRange,forming
bounwindsfromoffthe
daryof thebasin,obstructs
partof themoisture-bearingof therange,largequantities
Pacificbutbecauseof theaveragelowheightofmoisturereachtheWillametteBasin. At thelowerend of thevalley,theCalapooyaMountains
theWillametteRiverfromthatof theUmpsepartte
streamsin boththequa Riverto thesouth. Numeroustributary
originate
thelatter.The MiddleFork
CoastRangeand in theCascades,particularlyRiverrisesin a smalllakenearthesummitof theCasof theWillamette
nearEugeneunitingwith
cadesat near6,000feet,flowing
northwestward,

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

3

ofapproxtheCoastFork,in itscoursedropping
some5,600feetin a distancemostof the principal
imately90 mites. Similarsteepslopescharacterize
in theCascades,fromnorthto souththeseincluding
tributaries
thatoriginate
theClackamas,
Molalla,Santiamand McKenzieRivers.Most of theCoaston theeastslopeof themountains,
Rangetributaries
are shorter,
originating
andlentering
theWillametteRiverfromthewest. Fromnorthto south,thechiefofthesearetheTualatin,Yamhill,Luckiamute,
Marysand LongTom
flatwhilesloping
Rivers. The floorof theWillametteValleyis generally
gentlyto theriver'smouth,whereit uniteswiththeColumbiasometwelve
milesabovePortland.Severalhillsriseabovethecomparatively
levelvalley
butnoneexceedsa fewhundredfeetin height.The mainchannelof theriverfollowsa meanderingcourse,withmanyoxbows,sloughsand overflow

as commonlychannels,fouildin alluviai
valleys.Thevalleyanditstopography
andclimate
havebeendiscussed
indetailbyBrands(1947).
in theNumerouscollectionsof Tipuloidea
havebeenmadeat stations
severaltheactualbanksoftheWillamette
fromvalley,including
byFenderRiver
in thevicinity
ofthespeciesof Dayton,certaincharacteristic
yielding
ofthebanks
andmargins
ofmajorstreams.
Otherimportantstations
valleytheleading
centersofCorvallisandEugene,includeeducational
particularly
theformer,
where
theentomologists
oftheOregon
andstudents
StateAgriculturalof thesefliesduringCollegehaveamassed
considerable
collections
pastyears.Likewisein thevalleyarethebeautiful
included
SilverCreek
Fallsin MarionCounty.Moreto thenorth,homeof theMcMinnville,
Fenders,
whoarecitedconstantly
throughout
thisreport,
andForest
Grove,
Colecollectedvariouswhere
species('ColeandLovett,1921),aresimilarlv
themostimportant
typicalvalleystations.Furthermore,
singlestation
discussed
inthispaper,
PeavineinYamhill
Ridge,
ontheeastern
slopesCounty,oftheCoastRange,
Feneerhasmademostnoteworthy
wherein
discoveries
manygroupsofinsects(Fender,1948)is construed
as falling
inthisregion,
as discussed
inmoredetailhereinafter.
TheCascade
Mountains.-Under
thediscussion
ofthestateofWashingtoninthepreceding
thissametitle(Alexander,
partunder1949)thegeneralfeaturesof theNorthern
Cascadeswereoutlined.In Oregon,therange'
completely
traverses
thestatefromnorthto south,therepassingintoCalifor-

niawhereit terminates
nearLassenPeak. In Oregon,virtually
theentire

rangeis comprised
oftheMiddleCascadeMountains,
wheredistinct
evidencesof crustal
areshown,
in thenorth,
upliftparticularly
additional
to andcontrasting
withthegradualaccumulations
ofvolcanic
andesitic
lavasbywhich
theSouthern
Cascadeshavebeenbuiltup. On thenorthernboundary,thein forming
itsgreateast-west
Columbia
River,
gorge,
hascutthroughthousandsof feetof lava. The generalcrestlevelof theOregonCascadesis
between
5,000and6,000feet,thissurface
beingstudded
at infrequentintervalsbytowering
extinct
volcanoes,
thesummitsof thehigheronesbeing
or evenprovided
permanently
snow-covered
withglaciers.Fromnorthto
south,
thechief
peaksoftheCascades
includeMountHood (11,253feet),highestpointin Oregon;MountJefferson(10,495feet);MountWashington(7,769feet);theThreeSisters(NorthSister,
10094feet;MiddleSister,
10,053feet;SouthSister;
10,354feet);MountThie!sen(9,178feet);ancient
MountMazamaanditsrelict,
CraterLake(6,117feet);and,in thesouth,.
MountMcLoughlin(9,493feet).

4

THE

AMERICAN MIDLAND

NATURALIST

51 (1)

Collectionsof ripuloideain the Oregon Cascades have been verynumerous and of extremeinterest,The majorityof thesehave been takenin thevicinitiesof Mount Hood and CraterLake, as detailedlater (under "Collectsectionof the Cascades is less accessibleanding Stations"). The intervening
recordsare availablefromstahencenot as well knownbut some interestingtions along the North Santiam River,South Santiam River,Metolius River,
DeschlutesRiver,CenturyDrive out of Bend, vicinityof the Three Sisters,
and along the crestof the Cascades near the headwatersof the Middle Forkof the WillametteRiver,the vicinityof Odell Lake, and at beautifulSalt
Creek Falls.
SoutheasternLake and Snake River Regions.-The
Deschutes-Columnbia,
easternslopes of the Cascades mergeinto the greatinteriorplateau that lies
betweenthemand theBlue Mountainsin the east. Drainage fromthe eastern
slopes of the Cascades is chieflyinto the DeschutesRiverand thencenortheast the JohnDay and Umatilla Rivers
wardintothe Columbia. Still fart-herof thestateand likewiseflownorthintothe Columbia.
originatein the interiorThis greatbasalticplateau is formedby the Columbialava flowwhichfurther
occupiesmuch of Idaho and easternWashington,includinga total of about
100,000squaremiles,in placeswitha thicknessexceeding4,000 feet.
have been made in the easternCascades,
Extensivecollcctionsof crane-flies
at Tumalo Creek,near Bend; on the Metolius River,and along
particularly
the Hood Riveron the easternslopes of Mount Hood. All such collections
actuallypertainto the Cascadean fauna and show few or none of the Great
part ofBasin and RockyMountain elementsthat formsuch a characteristic
as discussedlater. East of thethe biota of the Blue Mountains-Wallowas,
Cascades, the 'ColumbiaPlateau seems to supportrelativelyfew species ofTipulidae, except on the higherand damper mountainswhere there is a
coniferousforest,as on the Ochocos. To the southeastthe plateau merges
into the Great Basin and certainof the speciesof Tipulidae so far discovered
RockyMountainand Great Basin forms. This part ofhereare characteristic
Oregon comprisesthe SoutheasternLake Region,with numerousdry,semipermanentand permanentlakes. The isolatedSteens Mounltainshave produced veryfew speciesof Tipulidae but this may well be due to insufficientcollecting. These ruggedmountainsconstitutea boldly tiltedupliftjutting
above the plain of lava.
The Snake RiverRegion is similarlyverypoor in Tipulidae but is still
known. It includesa narrowstripalong the easternboundary
insufficientlyof the state,consistingof an open basalticplateau averagingsome 3,500 to
4,000 feet in altitude,with low mountainsand narrowrivervalleys. Theof the Columbia,formsits greatcanyonalong
Snake River,a majortributary
halfof tne easternborderof Oregon,reachinga maximumdepth
the northernof 5,500 feetoppositethe Wallowa Mountains.
of the flora,subdivideseastern
Peck (1941), workingon the distribution
Oregon intofiveareasthathe termsthe ColumbiaRiver,Yellow Pine, Bunchgrass,Sagebrush,alndLake Sections. The Yellow Pine includesa zone fringing the easternbase of the Cascades,westernbase of the Blue Mountains,andchainslyingwithin
the lowerslopes and summitsof variousshortnmountainlackingin the SteensMountains.
the GreatBasin territory,
Region.-This includesan area of approximately
Blue Mountain-Wallowas
interOregon,containingthe exceedingly
20,000 square milesin northeastern

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

5

by Fenneman(1931:
estingBlue and WallowaMountains.As indicatedare conWashington
in Oregonand southeastern248), theBlueMountains
tiguouswiththe NorthernRockyMountainProvincein Idaho, being
therefromonlyby the canyonof the SnakeRiver,a distanceof
separatedabout15 milesfromrimto rim.
ranges,of severalseparate
are actuallya composite
The Blue Mountains
one of thesebeingtheElkhornRidge,westof BakerCity,wherethemost
knownfromtheentireregionhavebeenof crane-flies
collections
important
Statakenby Mr. JamesH. Baker,as discussedlater(under"Collecting
havebeenmaterials
fromtheBlue Mouuntains
important
tions"). Further
close
takenat andnearLangdonLakeandon theUpperWalla Walla River,passinto
stateborder.NorthofthistheBlueMountains
to theWashington
or virtuallyto the SnakeRiveropposite
extremesoutheastern
Washington,
Lewiston,
Idaho.
an islandof some25
WallowasinclucOe
The moreruggedand imposing
theBlueMounbythesea of basaltcomprisingsurrounded
milesin diameterof non-volcanic
massis chiefly
rocks,including
tainPlateau. The mountainthe Wallowasare
limestone
and slate. In topography,
quartzite,
granites,
thatmanyRockyMounandit is wellknown
muchliketheRockyMountains
tainspeciesof plantsand animalsoccurhere. The peaksof therangeareby steepcirquesand deeplycut canyons.The
sharpand jagged,separated
small
peaksarejustover10,000feetin height.Therearenumerous
highestduringthe
streams,
particularly
mountainlakesthatgiveriseto torrential
water.This
abundantsnowandiceprovide
monthswhenthemelting
summerin Juneand
LostineValley,wherewe collected
is wellshownin thebeautiful
later. On the easternbase of themountains
in August1948,as discussed
lake,Wallowa,at about4,400feet.
liesthelargest
withclimateof Oregonis likethatofWashington,
Clin2ate.-The
generalin thewestern
thirdof thestate,eastof the
muchof therainfall
occurringon theexceptingdryto semi-desert,
beingunusually
Cascadesthe country
rainsbutwindsbringabundantwesterly
mountains.The prevailing
higlherrainsfallon theslopes
littlepassestheCascades. The heaviest
comparatively
fromnearthecoastto nearthesummit
increasing
facingtheocean,in generalin amountin thevalleysoftheWillamoftheCoastRange,thence
decreasing
on thealtitudes
to certain
againincreasing
ette,Umpquaand RogueRivers,
thereis a rapid
slopesof thisrangeand eastward
Cascades. On theeasternon theBlueMounin precipitation,
withtheamountagainincreasing
decreasereachesnearly130 inchesat sometains. The annualaverageprecipitation
PacificSlope stations(as Glenora,TillaniookCo.), fallingto less than8partsof thestate(as Umatilla;Harper,Malheur
inchesin thedryeasternis seasonal,showing
HarneyCo.). Precipitation
Co; Lake Co.; Andrews,ofin thegreatpreponderance
typeof climate
influencesof theMediterranean
in winteroverthatof summer.West of theCascades,44 percent
rainfall24 in spring,and 27 in theautumn;eastof the
5 in summer
fallsin winter,
27 in spring,
12 in summerand 24 infallsin winter,Cascades,37 percent
theautumn. Snow seldomtails on the coastalareas and rarelypersists,
severein thisregard.The average
winterof 1948-49havingbeenunusuallytocoastalstations
annualsnowfall
rangesfromlessthanone inchon certain
morethan40 feetin theCascades.
rangesfromabout560 Fahr.in thelower
The meanannualtemperature

6

THIE AMERICAN MIDLAND

51(1)

NATURALISTSnake RiverCanyonin extreme
northeastern
Oregonto about38 in the
Cascades(not including
thehighest
points,fromwhichno records
are available). January
minimum
temperatures
normally
rangebetween12 and 40
withthegreatest
degrees,
extremes
overthehigheasternplateau.
occurring
Julymaximum
temperatures
normal1y
rangebetween
65 on the middleandsouthern
coastalstations
to 95 in theSnakeRiverCanyon. The greatgorgeof the ColumbiaRiverpermits
the transfer
of continental
air massesinto
western
Oregon,particularlyin thewinter,producing
lowertemperatures
thanwouldotherwise
be thecase.
The following
stationsare selectedfromthe detailedstaterecordsas

givenby Wells, in Climateand Man (1941: 1075-1086).

StationTemperatures(in Fahrenheitdegrees)

Jan.
av.
Baker
24.9
Corvallis
39.3
CraterLake
26
Forest Grove
37.4
MountHood-Govt.Camp -_30.3
Hood River-32.9
McMinnville38.9
39.7
SalemWallowa-24.4

July
av.
65.6
65.9
56.6
66.1
56
67.3
66.3
66.6
65.4

Precipitation(in inches)

Max.

Min.

Jan.

July

Annual

104
106
100
108
96
106
110
108
108

-24
-14
-20
-15
-16
-27
-24
-6
-38

1.09
6.63
9.66
7.42
12.28
4.78
7.00
5.61
1.78

0.44
0.32
0.59
0.37
1.52
1.17
0.38
0.39
0.59

10.69
40.06
58.29
45.88
84.81
30.06
42.15
37.24
16.81

Bioticand PhysicalProvinces.-Dice (1943) recognizesfourof his biotic
provincesin the state. The heavyconiferous
coastalforest,called by him theOregonianand hereintermedthe Vancouveran,occupiesthe 'Coast,the formerlywooded WillametteValley, and the Middle Cascades,the dividingline
beingplaced at The Dalles on the ColumbiaRiverand thencesouthwardjusteast of the crestof the Cascades. From the south,the Californianprovince
extendsintothestate,in thesouthwest
lyinginsidethecoast and includingthe
valleysof the Rogue and Umpqua Rivers,extendingnorthwardin the Cascades to near Crater Lake. The dry easternplateau is occupied by the
Palusian provincein the northeast,includingand encirclingthleBlue andWallowa Mountains. The more extensivesoutheasternpart of Oregon
includesthe greatsagebrushcoveredplains of the Artemisianprovince,GreatBasin countryextendingas far west as the Cascades where it meets the
Vancouveranand Californianprovinces,as described. The local distributionof the Tipuloidea in Oregon substantiatesthe limitsof the provincesas
definedby Dice.
Fenneinan(1931) recognizesthreephysiographicalprovinces,the PacificBorderProvince,includingthe OregonCoast Range sectionin the northand
the KlamathMountainsectionin the south. The Cascade-SierraMountains
Provinceextendstheentirelengthof the statealong the Cascades. The entire
easternpart of Oregon is occupiedby the Columbia Plateaus Province,withfourof the fivesectionsoccurring
withinthe state,the Walla Walla Plateau
in the northwest,
Blue Mountain in the northeast,Payettein the southeast,and Harnieyin thesouth.

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

7

In similarmanner,Mulford,in Van Dersal (1938) classifiesthe stateon
the basis of plant-growthand soil regionsand climaticprovinces. From west
to east in Oregon the plant growthregionsincludethe North PacificCoast;
WillametteValley-PugetSound; Cascade-SierraNevada; a veryslightintrusion of the Columbia RiverValley in the extremenorth;a major northward
extensionof the GreatBasin-Intermontane
regionin the southeast,and a comparable major arm of the Snake River Plain-Utah Valley in the northeast,
the last enclosingan isolatedisland of the NorthernRockyMountainsregion
thatincludestheBlue Mountainsand theWallowas.
Peck (1941: 10-30) recognizesno fewerthan nine areas based upon theof thehigherplants,providinga shortdiscussionand detailedlists
distributionof thecharacteristic
plantspeciesof each of these. T'he areasare the Northern
Coast; NorthernCoast Mountain;WillametteValley; Rogue-Umpqua;SouthernCoast; SouthernCoast Mountainand Siskiyou;Cascade; EasternOregon;Blue Mountain,includingthe Wallowas.
Life Zones.-The most detailed accountof the life zones of the entire
stateis thatprovidedby Bailey (1936: 11-53,coloredmap, figs.1-6,showing
the distributionof the zones on Mounts Hood, Jefferson,
Three Sisters,McLoughlin,WalIowas and Steens Mountains). Five of the Merriamzones
are representedin Oregon, the lowest being the Upper Sonoran (Upper
Austral) whichoccupiesthe low valleyseast of the Cascades, west of themountainsincludingthe valleys of the Rogue and Umpqua Rivers. The
Transitionzone includesthe highervalleys and foothills,showinga morehunmidsub'divisionin the valley foothillsand on the Coast Ranges west of
the Cascades. The Canadian zone formsa widebelthigherin the mountains,
whiIletheHudsonianzone occupiesa narrower
belton thehigherpeaks,extending to timberline. The highestzone, the Arctic-Alpine,
is much restricted
in area, includingthe treelesssummitsof the highestpeaks. As regardsthe
Tipulidae,the mostimportant
zones are the humidportionsof the Transitioni
and Canadian, with fewerspecies occurringin the Hudsonian and Upper
Sonoran.
CraterLake National Park.-A detailed surveyof the life zones of thevicinityof CraterLake has been givenby Wynd (1941). This shows that
onlythreezones are present,the Transitionbeingfoundin the lowestportionsof the Park to about 5,500 feet;the Canadian fromabout 5,500 to 6,250 feet,and the Hudsonian from 6 250 feet to the highestaltitudesin the Park
(Mount Scott, east of Cloudcap, 8,938 feet). As shown by Wynd, theupper limitsof these zones range from1,200 to 2,500 feethigherthan thezones on Mount Rainier,Washington,some 275 miles to thecorresponding
north(Alexander,1949: 261).
General Survey of the Tipuloidean Fauna of Oregon
The accompanyingrecordincludes317 species of Tipuloidea as determined to this time, Of)egonhavingby far the largestlist of these fliesas
knownfor any westernstateor Canadian province,withthe singleexceptionof California. It appears certainthat when fullyknown,the Oregon list
will exceed 400 species. Numerous additionsmay be expectedfrom thenorthand south,but especiallyfromthe east,wherevariousspeciesrepresenting the RockyMountainand GreatBasin elementsshouldbe foundto occur.

8

THE

AMERICAN MIDLAND

NATURALIST

51(1)listedaboveareof thevariouszoneson thesix mountains
The altitudes(adaptedfromBailey).
givenherewith
Upper limit
NE slopes

Upper limitSW slopes

Mountain

Zone

MountHood(Base level
500 feet)

SonoranTransition
Canadian
Hudsonian
Arctic-Alpine

1,000 feet
4,000
3,000
6,000
5,000
7,000
6,000
(Summit-i 1,253 feet)

Mount Jefferson SonoranTransition(Base level
Canadian
1,500 feet)
Hudsonian
Arctic-Alpine

2,000
4,500
3,500
6,500
5,500
7,500
6,500
(Summit-10,495 feet)

Three Sisters
Peaks(Base level1800 South
3500 North)

SonoranTransition
Canadian
Hudsonian
Arctic-Alpine

4,800
4,500
7,000
6,000
8,000
7,000
(Summit,South Sister,10,354 feet)

Mount McLoughlin (Pitt)(Base level
1,400 South
4,000 North

SonoranTransition
Canadian
Hudsonian
Arctic-Alpine

2,500
3,500
5,000
5,000
7,200
7,000
8,200
8,000
(Summit-9,493 feet)

Wallowa
Mountains(Base level
3,000 South
1,500 North)

SonoranTransition
Canadian
Hudsonian
Arctic-Alpine

3,500
2,800
5,800
4,800
8,000
7,000
9,000
8,000
(Summit,Sacajawea Peak, 10,033 feet)

SteensMountains(Base level
4,500 South
4,000 North)

SonoranTransition
Canadian
Hudsonian
Arctic-Alpine

5,000
4,200
7,000
6,000
8,500
7,500
9,000
8,500
(Summit-9,354 feet)of twospeciesof the so-calledis the occurrence
interest
Of particularofwhichare amongthemostgeneralized
Tanyderidae,
Crane-flies,
Primitive
Psyall livingDiptera. Actuallythisfamilybelongsto the superfamilyisas beinga crane-fly
chodoideabut sinceit has alwaysbeenconsidered
areand Trichoceridae
The Ptychopteridae
includedhereforcompleteness.
thegreatin thestate. In theTipulidaeproper,
wellrepresented
unusually
genusTipula,largestsinglegenusin the fauna,includes68 species. The
faunas,includestheof northerna groupcharacteristic
smalltribe'Pediciini,
also thestateof Washington,of 39 species(compare
highnumber
unusually
45. Ashave43 species,theHexatomini1949). The Limoniini
Alexander,
Tipulidae
zone, the small-sized
the northtemperate
is usual throughout
in species,the95
are themostnumerous
to thetribeEriopterini
belongingfauna.
a thirdoftheentire
nearlyherelistedincluding

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

9of theVerymanyof thespeciesof Tipulidaein thestate,particularly
bioticarea,asof theVancouveran
are characteristic
Cascadesand westward,1949).
paperunderthisgeneraltitle(Alexander,
in thepreceding
considered
do notcrosstheCascadesto theof suchformsevidently
A largepercentage
partin thenorthern
do crossthemountains
numbereastbuta considerableof theirrangeand some,at least,occuras fareastas FlatheadLake and theMontana.
Dividein westernContinental
andthe abovetypeof distribution
considers
Hatch (1949: 16) briefly
wherevariousspecies,ofto casesin the Coleoptera
furthercalls attention
acrossNorthAmericafrom
whicha feware listedby name,rangeentirely
beingfootof theCascadeswhileapparently
statesto theeastern
theAtlantic
to thewestandso reachthePacificcoast.
theirrangefarther
unableto extend
shows
list,a totalof317 species,
oftheTipuloideaofthepresent
An analysis
ferof thistype,thesebeingNephrotoma
onlythreehavinga distribution
and L. (D.) piscataquis.Thirteen
gracilis
Limonia(Dicranomyia)
ruginea,
speciesextendfromthe Atlanticstatesto the Pacific,thesebeing
further
Limonia(Rhipidia)
Tipula (Lunatipula)dorsimacula,
Diazo;masubsinuata,
L. (Geranomyia)
L. (D.) humidicola,
halterata,
L. (Dicranomyia)
lecontei,(Phycayuga,Limnophila
diversa,Ula paupera,Dicranota(Rhaphidolabis)
Erioptera(Trimicra)pilipes,var.,Ormosia
lidorea)claggi,Pilariaimbecilla,
It should
and Molophilus(Iolophilus) perflaveolus.
(Ormosia)manicata
range,occurring
be notedthatsomeoftheabovehavean evenmoreextensive
intoMexicoor beyond.A
southward
also in Eurasiaor,in cases,extending
theBlueor
statesto either
fromtheAtlantic
groupof speciesextends
furthersuch
or both,but not beyondthisgenerallongitude,
WallowaMountains,
Tipula (Lunatipula)macrolabis,
Trichoceragarretti,
includirig
crane-flies
L. (Discobola)
cinctipes,
L. (Metalimnobia)
Limonia(Limonia)tristigma,
and L. (Dicranomyia)
L. (Rhipidia) fidelis,annulata,
morioidef.A small
groupof formsextendfrointheAtlanticto the valleyof theWillametteRiver,thatis,havecrossedtheCascadesbut,as knownto thisdate,havenot
Limonia(DicranofthePacificcoast. Thislistincludes
thecounties
reachedL. (D.) longipennis,
L. (Geranomyia)
L. (D.) iowensis,
omyia)brevivena,
Erioptera(Erioptera)dyari,E. (E.) septemtrionis,
Ula elegans,communis,and E. (Symplecta)cana. Here againit shouldbe notedthatsomeof thehavea muchwiderrange,beingfoundalso
speciesin thelasttwocategories
onthePacificcoastseemsto be a question
in-Eurasia,andtheirnon-occurrence
thanactualdistribution.
offurthercollecting
rather
The apparentreasonforthe failureof manyeasternNorthAmerican
wouldseemto be theof theRockyMountains
Tipulidaeto pass westward
in theregions
aridor semiaridof theGreatBasinand otherextensive
barrieronwest. The developmental
stagesof mostTipulidaeare verydependentor absence
bythepresence
influenced
is greatly
andtheirdistribution
moisture
ofwater.
century.
datesonlyfromthepresentof Oregoncrane-flies
Our knowledge
only
Diptera,1905,recorded
Aldrich,in his Catalogueof NorthAmerican
byDoanedescribed
and T. usitata,twospeciesoftheseflies,Tipulaalbofdscia
in 1901fromCorvallis.The basiclistof theDipteraof Oregonis byColeofspeciesare recorded,and Lovett(1921) wherea totalof 953 determined
all suchspedies
which50 fallin theTipuloidea,as heretreated.Virtuallyin theweretakenbyCole at ForestGroveandHood Riveror werecontained

10

THE AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST

51 (1)

earlycoliectionsmade at and near Corvallisby Chamberlin,Lovett,Moulton
and otherearlyworkersat the State Agricultural
College. The presentwriter
was responsiblefor tne identificationsin this list and despiteof crane-flies
insufficientare surprisknowledgeof the faunaat the time,mis-determinations
inglyfewin number(DicranomyiastigmataDoane becomeslibertodesAlexander;DicranoptychasobrinaOsten Sacken becomesstenophallusAlexander;
Linnophila cressoniAlexanderbecomes L. vancouverensis
Alexander). It
maybe notedthatin thislistthe recordsforNephrotomacalifornica(Doane)
and Tipuila californicaDoane (Nos. 26 and 35) actuallyreferto a single
species.

During the 1930s and later,importantadditionsweremade by Professor
H. A. Scullen and associatesat the State AgriculturalCollege. The great
developmentin our knowledgeof the state fauna came duringthe present
decade and chieflywithinthe past fiveyears. Mr. KennethM. Fender,towhommuch of the successof the presentrecordis due, has devoteda greatamountof timeto the collectionof severalthousandspecimensof theseflies
throughout
the state. In 1946, 1947 and 1948, Mrs. Alexanderand I spentconsiderableperiodsof time in Oregon and added numerousrecordsto thelist,as describedmorein detaillater. Various otherentomologists
and collectors have added to our knowledgeof the group and these are listed later
under"Collectorsand Localities"and underthe Acknowledgements.
COLLECTING STATIONS

CertainlocalitieswhereMrs. Alexaniderand the writerhave collectedin
personare discussedherewith.In 1946, we werein Oregon betweenAugust
1stand 9th,fromthe 7thto the9th campingat variousstationson theMount
Hood Loop withFenderand Macnab. In 1947,betweenJuly11thand 19th,
we again campedon the Mount Hood Loop withFender. In 1948, a considerablepart of the entiresummerwas spentin the state. BetweenJune24th
and July5th,the Blue Mountainsand Wallowas werestressed,fora part of
the timewithBaker. From July29th to August 9th, a tripdown the Cascades fromMount Hood in the extremenorthto the Siskiyousin the southwest,and thenceinto California,in companywithFender,provedto be oneof themostenjoyableand successfultripswe have everhad. BetweenAugust
16th and 20th,we again returnedto the Blue and Wallowa Mountains,inorderto securethe late-seasonTipulidae. At thistimewe did some collecting
in theOchoco Mountainsand in theJohnDay countryin eastern-Oregon.
A few selectedstationshavingmorethan usual interestare consideredin
somedetail.
COAST RANGE: SADDLE MOUNTAIN, "BOYER"

An area of humidconiferousforestin the Oregon Coast Range,locatedon tne northside of Saddle Mountain,in northeastern
LincolnCounty,at an
averagealtitudeof 1,400 feet. The stationis reachedfromHighway 18,
beingabout six milessouthof the highwayand some six mileswestof Grand
Ronde. The name "Boyer," often used in conjunctionwith this survey,
refersto a filling-stationon the highwaynear the road into the station.-A
detailedstudyof the ecologyof the area was made by ProfessorJamesA.

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

11

Macnaband students
between1932 and 1938. The actualsurvey
was conductedforsomefiveyears,duringwhichperiodweekly
visitsweremadetothearea. In morerecentyearsthewholestudyareawas badlyde-forested.
The following
briefaccountis adaptedfromthemoredetailedrecords
publishedbyDirks-Edmunds(1947) and Macnab(1944).
The forest
canopyof theareaat thetimethesurvey
wasmadewas composedofDouglasfir,Pseudotsuga
mucronata
Noble(Raf.) Sudw.,withfewer
fir,AbiesnobilisLindi. Western
hemlocks,
Tsugaheterophylla(Raf.) Sarg.,
formedan understory,
varying
fromsmriall
saplingsto maturetreesof some
150feetin height.The shrublayerofthecommunity
consistedof speciesof
huckleberry,
Vaccinium
ovalifolium
Smithand V. parvifolium
Smith,withsalal,Gaultheria
ShallonPursh,Oregongrape,Berberis
nervosaPursh,andsome devil'sclub. The herbaceous
was principally
seasonalin its
growthappearance,
munitum
includinig
swordfern,
Polystichum(Kaulf.)Presl.,woodrush,Luzutaparviflora(Ehrh.) Desv., falsesolomonsseal, Smilacina,
sp.,
TrilliumovatumPursh,Maianthemum
bifoliumkamtschaticum(Gmel.)
Jeps.,Clintoniauniflora(Schult.) Kunth.,fairybells,Disporumoreganum
Listerasp., vanillaleaf, Achlystriphylla(Wats.) B. & H., twayblade,(Smith)DC, DentariatenellaNutt.,cool-wort,
Tiarella'sp., Oxalisoregana
Nutt., AMIoneses(L.) Gray,withoccasionalsaprophytic
orchids,
uni-flora
Corallorhiza,
sp. The forestfloorand prostraterottinglogs werecarpetedby mosses,thetwomostcommonspeciesbeingRhytidiadelphus
loreus(L.
Hedw.) Wainst.,and Hylocomium
splendens(Hedw.), the groundmat
6 cm. in thickness.The Tipuloidearecorded
averagingapproximately
fromthearea totalsome30 speciesthatare listedthroughout
thisreportunderthenameSaddleMountain(Boyer).
WILLAMETTE VALLEY AND EASTERN FOOTHILLSOF THE COAST RANGE: PEAVINE RIDGE

As has beenindicatedelsewhere,
thesurveyof theTipuloideaof Peavine
Ridge,as conducted
byFender,hasprovedto be of mostunusualinterest
andvalue. Beforecollectingof theseflieson theRidgewasbegun,therecorded
listof speciesfromall Oregontotalledapproximately
70 and it is of interest
to notethatfromPeavineRidgealoneFenderhas taken134 speciesof Tipuloidea. The reasonsforthisvirtuallyunparalleledlocallistresultfromthe
andcareofthecollector
havebeentaken
diligenceand thefactthatspecimens
almostdailyovera periodof severalyears,rendering
thelistunusuallycomplete. The totalareastudiedtotalsscarcely
morethanfiveacresand it is mybeliefthatthepresent
listof crane-flies
maybe thelargest
everrecorded
fromso limited
an area.
fromFender'sbasicaccountof Peavine
The following
accountis digested
Ridge(1948). The Ridgeforms
theeastern
baseoftheOregonCoastRange
in Yamhill'County,
almostdue westof McMinnville.The surveyarea
fora distanceofaboutfourmilesin a general'
extends
direction
fromextendingOver thisdistancea totalof fivemajor
the southeast
to the northwest.
stations,
numbered
1, 2, 3, 3A and4 wereestablishedbyFender.All of thewithsmallwater-courses,
withthe exceptionof 4, are provided
stations,anfactorin theconsideration
ofthepresent
importantgroupof flies.
210 feet: This has thelargeststreamof anyof theStation1; elevation

12

TIHE AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST

51(l)1

areasselectedbuteventhisdriesup inspotsduring
warmsummers.
particularly
The dominant
treeis Oregonash,FraxinusoreganaNutt.,withbroad-leaf
maple,Acermacrophyllum
Pursh,andOregonoak,QuercusGarryana
Dougl.,
as subdominants.
The shrublayeris composedofOregongrape,13erlargely
berisaquifolium
Pursh. A fem
Pursh,and salmonberry,
Rubusspectabilis
layerof swordfem,and variousrushesis present.Waterhemlock,CicutaDouglasii(DC) C. & R.,andgrasses
aboundinthieherblayer.
Station2; elevation
600 feet:Ratheropen,mostofthetreesbeingyoung,thearea!having
beencutoverabout1914. Oregonashandwillows,
Salix,sp.,
arethedominant
trees.The mostabundant
arewestern
shrubshazel,Corylus(A.DC) Rose,poisonivy,RhusToxicodendronL., and salmon
californica
berry.Brake,Pteridium
aquilinum
pubescens
Underw.,snow'berry,
Symphoricarposalbus (L.) Blake,and swordfern,comprise
mostof the fernlayer,
withgrasses,
St. Johnswort,Hypericum
L., waterhemlock,andperforatum
thecommonthemajority
monkey-flower,
Mimulusguttatus
DC, composingof theherblayer. Two smalltemporary
at thisstation,
streams
converge
forminga smallmeadowland.
Station3; elevation
605 feet: This is onlya shortdistance
fromStation
2, yetconditions
are verydifferent.
A smallpermanent
springrisesin the
middleof thearea. The predominant
treesare Douglasfirand broadleaf
maple. Salmonberry
and willowsare themostabundarit
withsword
shrubs,fern,
giantchainfern,Woodwardia
fimbriata(J.E. Smith)andOregongrape
thefernlayerandspeciesof Umbelliferae
dominating
theherblayer.At thisstationthefirst
encroachment
oftheDouglasfirsubclimax
forestis foundandprovidesthebestexample
ofthisforest
typein thearea.
Station3 A; elevation
980 feet:Smallestof thefiveareas;closeto theroadfromwhichit is concealed
byoverhanging
firbranches.Althoughsmall
insize,thishasbeenoneofthemostproductive
ofthestations.OregonaIder,
AlnusrubraBorng.,
and broadleaf
mapleare thedominant
trees. Important
shrubsincludethesalmonberry,
evergreen
blackberry,
Rubuslaciniata'Willd.,andstinkcurrant,
Ribesbracteosum
Doual. The moreimportant
mem'bersofthefernlayerincludethegiantchainfernand thebrakefern. The herb
layeris chiefly
chokedout but thereis one patchof westernwildginger,
AsarumcaudatumLindl.,withoccasionalsmoothwoodlandviolets,ViolaglabellaNutt.,andwestern
trillium.
Station 4, elevation1,085 feet: A dry station,cut over about 1916 but

nowcomingbackto a standof youngDouglasfirand Oregonoak. The
shrublayeris composedlargelyof snowberry,westernhazel,and veryyoung
Oregonoak. Brakeferncomprises
thechiefconstituentof the fernlayer.
The herblayerincludes
grasses,Englishplantain,
Plantagolanceolata
L., andheal-all,Prunellavulgaris
L. Relatively
fewTipuloidaehavebeentakenhere,
thisbeingexplainable
in largepartbythelackof freewater.
On August6, 1946,I accompanied
Mr. Fenderon his ruralmailrouteout of McMinnvilleand so was able to visitand inspectall of theabove
stations.Fromsucha briefexamination
described
it wouldseemquiteimpossiblethatmorethan130 speciesof crane-flies
couldoccupysucha restricted
area. This studyby FenderindicatesclearlythatwhilePeavineRidgeis
unusuallyrichin various
insectgroups,
includingcrane-flies,
theremustremain
unlimited
numbersof comparable
areas throughout
the PacificNorthwest
awaiting
studyandthepatient
careand attention
suchas hasbeendevotedto

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

13

theRidgebyFenderoverthepastseveral
forentomology,
years.
Unfortunately
withability,
thereareveryfewpersons
enthusiasm
and couragepossessedbyKennethMark Fender,to whomI expressmy deepestthanksforhaving
madetheOregonlistof Tipuloideawhatit is today.
The impressive
listof 134 speciesof crane-flies
fromthePeavineRidge
stationsincludesmorethan40 percent
of ali speciesnowknownfromthe
stateand thisproportion
willprobably
be maintained,
sinceit seemscertain
thatstillfurther
speciesofthesefliesremain
to be discoveredat theestablishedstations.Fromothernotdistantas McMinnvilleandHighHeaven,localities,
variousfurther
specieshavebecntaken,someof whichwillbe foundto occur
on theRidge. A considerable
numberof speciesof Tipuloideadescribedbywerebasedoriginallythewriter
eitherwhollyor in parton Fender'sPeavine
Ridge materials.These includeBittacomorphella
Trichocera
fenderiana,
T. (L.) fendere,T. (L.) macnabi,hyaloptera,
Tipula (Lunatipula)diabolica,
D. stenophallus,
Dicranoptycha
melampygia,
Paradelphomyia(Oxyrhiza)
deprivata,Cladura (Cladura) nigricauda,
Lipsothrixfenderi,Gonomyia(Gonomyia)percomplexa,
Erioptera(Psiloconopa)irata,Ormosia(Ormo0. (O.) pleuracantha,
0. (O.) upsilon,
Tasiocera(Dasymosia) furibunda,
lophilus)squiresi,Molophilus(Molophilus)oregonicolus,
and M. (M.)
suffalcatus.
CASCADES:MOUNT HOOD

As indicatedearlier,in our owncollecting
veryparticularattention
wasof MountHood alid to CraterLake NationalPark.
devotedto thevicinity
A smallgroupof stations
are chosenas beingrepresentativeof manyothercomparable
onesthroughout
theCascades.
The stationsin thevicinityof MountHood wherecollecting
has been
withFender,are as follows:BarlowPass, 4,160
done,mostlyin company
feet;Bear'Creek,1,400;BearSpringsForestCamp,Wapinitiacutoff,
3,200;
BeaverCreek,1150;Clackamas
Lake (Oak GroveForkof Clackamas
River),
3,300;Cloud Cap Inn, 5,985;Eagle CreekForestCamp,300; Govemment
Camp,3,870;Hood RiverMeadows,
4,480-4,500;
Horsethief
Meadows,3,400;
Iron Creek,4,400; KellyCreek,Wapanitia'Cutoff;
PolallyForestCamp,
3,000;RobinHood ForestCamp,3,560;SahaleFalls,4,575;Sherwood
ForestCamp,3,100:StillCreek,3,600-3,800;
TillyJaneForestCamp,5,600-5,700;
Wapanitia'Cutoff.The variouswaterfalls
along the ColumbiaRiver,allhaviligan approximate
altitudeof 100 feetat the base,includeHorsetail
Falls,Multnomah
Falls,OneontaGorgeandWahkeenaFalls.
Bear Creek (Faubion); elevation1,400feet: Throughout
the Humid
and intotheCanadianzone of thePacificNorthwest
Transitioni
are foundlow-lyingareaswherewestern
skunkcabbageand Oregonalderaredominant.
Such areasare of unusualinterest
as regards
theirTipulidfaunaand well
repaydetailedcollecting
and study.As representativeof suchareas,theone
hereindicatedis discussed.In thelow swampy
land adjoining
BearCreekoccursa rankdense'growthof westernor yellowskunkcabbage,
Lysichitum
amnericanum
St. John;witha sparseopenforestcoverconsisting
chieflyofOregonalderand vinemaple,Acercircinatum
Pursh. Associatedherbsincluderankgrowthsof ferns,withsomehellebore,
Veratrum,greathedge
nettle,StachysciliataDouglas,and variousothers.On the moreelevated14

THE AMERICAN MIDLAND

NATURALIST

51 (1)of theareagrowsalal and Oregongrape,withhunmocksand dryer
margins
associatedincludingherbs,
woodsorreland Maianthemurn.Scatteredaroundtheswampmargins
horrida(Smith)Miguel.
area fewdevilsclub,Olopamix
Tipulidaein thisareaareverynumerous,
as shownby theaccompanying
list, Thosespeciesthatare especiallycharacteristicof,thoughnotnecessarily
restricted
to,thehabitatare indicatedby an asterisk(*). Ptychoptera
sculleni'. P. townesi,Bittacomorphaoccidentalis,Diazosma subsinuxa, Tipu'a,

7. (Lunatipula)megalabiata,*(Bellardina)aspersa, T. (B.) pacifica,
T.
(Hesperotipula)streptocera,
L. (L.) scioLimonii (Limonia) bistigma,*
phila,*L. infuscata,
L. (Discobola) eiegans,*L. (Rhipidia)lecontei,
L,(Dicranomyia) particeps,Pedicia (Tricyphona) aperta,P. (T.) bicomata/,
P. (T.) constans,*P. (T.) unigera,Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis)xanthosoma,
D. (Plectromyia)cascadia,Limnophila(Prionolabis) indistincta,*
L. (DenL. (Phylidorea) euxesta,L. (P.) rubida,*L.
drolimnophila)alboma,nicata,*
occidens,Ulomorphasierricola,Ormosia (Ormosia) bucera,*0. (O.) decussata,* 0. (O.) fusiformis,
Molophilus (Molophilus) perflaveo!us.*In virtuallysimilarplant associationsat higheraltitudes,as at Still Creek
and RobinHood ForestCamps, additionalspeciesof Tipulidae restrictedtothesehigherlevelsare foundand have been discussedlaterin the reportunder
the species concerned. Elsewherein the westernskunk cabbage associations
throughout
the PacificNorthwest,
studiedin detailby us fromwesternWashingtonsouthwardintonorthern
California,crane-flies
such as Paradelphomyia(OxyrhiZa) deprivataand Ormosia (Ormosia) profundawere found to be
especiallycharacteristicof such habitats.
Hood River Meadows; elevation4,480-4,5G0feet: As representativeofthe highalpine meadows,the unusuallyinterestingarea on the southeastsideof Mount Hood, knownas theHood RiverMeadows,is discussedbriefly.A
streamof mediumsize flowsthroughthe open meadowsthat are overgrownwithgrassesand sedges,togetherwithscatteredclumpsof shrubbywillows.
Characteristic
herbsin bioom in Julyand August,at the time of our visits,
includedhellebote,VeratrumvirideAit., abundantgreenand whitespeciesof
Habenaria orchids,Caltha leptosepalaDC, Pedicularisgroenldndica
surrecta(Benth.) Piper,Dodecatheon,and numerousothers. Along the streamandon adjoiningdryerbanks grow alpine fir,inountainhemlockand some pine.
The meadowsextendhlighup onto the slopesof Mount Hood and collections
have been made for a distanceof nearlyone mile or to the Clark Creek
crossing.

This is one of the richestareas forTipulidae in the entirestate. In theaccompanyinglist, the asteriskindicatesspecies particularly
characteristicof
this particularhabitat. Ptychopteralenis,P. sculleni,Bittacomorphella
fenderiana,*Tipula (Yamatotipula) spernax,Tipula (Trichotipula) rusticola,*
T. (Arctotipula)plutonis,*T. (Oreomyia) pseudotruncorum,
Cylindrotoma
occidentalis,*C. splendenspdllescens,Limonid (Limonia) bistigma,L. (L.)
sciophila,*L. venusta,L. (Dicranomyia) fulva,Pedicia (Pedicia) parvicellula, P. (Tricyphona) aperta,*P. (T.) biconwta,*P. (T.) constans,P. (T.)
cascadensis,*P. (T.) diaphana,P. (T.) smithae,Dicranota (Polyangaeus)
maculata,D. (Rhaphidolabis)cayuga,D. (R.) integriloba,
D. (R.) xanthosoma, D. (Plectromyia)reducta,*Limnophila(Phylidorea) claggi,*L. (P.)
euxesta,*L. (P.) nycteris,*L. (P.) olympica,*L. (P.) snoqualmiensic,*
L. occidens,*Ulomorphasierricola.* Erioptera(Mesocyphona) melanderi-

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

15

ana,*E. (Symplecta)cana,Ormosia(Rhypholophus)
0. (Ormohoodiana,sia) albertensis,*0. (O.) onerosa,*
Molophilus(Molophilus)falcatus,M.
(M.) kulshanicus,
AM.(M.) rainierensis.
Sahile Falls;elevation
4,575feet: Closeto theHood RiverMeadowson
thesoutheast
side of MountHood, on theEast Forkof Hood River,.he
ethereal
SahaleFalls has cuta smallgorgewheresomeunusuallyinteresting
northern
Tipulidaehavebeentakenby Fenderand thewriter.It maybe
notedthatwhilecollecting
on thewetclifffacesimmediately
at thefalls,,
aof theascaphidfrog,AscaphustrueiStejneger,
specimen
was taken,resting
amongthe soakingherbage. The characteristic
crane-fliesof the habitat
Limonia(Dicranomyia)halincludeTipula (Yamatotipula)continenta[is,*terata,L. (D.) humidicola,*
Pedicia (Tricyphona)
Ellipteraastigmatica,*
sinithae,*Dicranota(Dicranota)astigma,*D. (Rhapidolabis)integriloba,
Phyllolabis
fenderiana,*
Limnophila(Phylidorea)claggi,L. teto,nicola,*
Erioptera(Hesperoconopa)dolichophallus,*
Ormosia(Rhypholophus)paradise,a*0. (O.) onerosa,0. (O.) proxima,*
Molophilus(Molophilus)
M. (M.) suffalcatus.
perfiaveolus,*
CASCADES:SALT CREEK FALLSSalt Creekis a majortributaryof theMiddleForkof theWillametteRiveron thewestern
slopesoftheCascades. AboveMcCredieSprings,
at anapproximate
altitudeof between
3,800and 4,000feet,arethefineSalt Creek
Falls,witha dropof286feetintothegreatgorgeformedat theirfoot. Small
lateralstreamlets,
as wellas theslopesof thegorgeabovethemainstream,
werecarefully
sweptforinsectson July14, 1947,and againon August7,
1948,thelatterin company
withFender. As before,
themostcharacteristic
speciesareindicatedbyan asterisk.Bittacomorphd
occidentalis,
Tipula (Bellardina)aspersa,T. (Schummelia)
subtenuicornis,*T. (Yamatotipula)conLimonia(Limonia) bistigma,*
L. (Geranomyia)diversa,*L.
tinentalis,*L. (D.) halterata,*(Dicranonzyza)
gracilis,*
Ellipteraastigmatica,*
Pedicia(Tricyphona)
P. (T.) townesiana,*
aperta,P. (T.) unigera,
Ornithodes
harrimdni,*
Ula (Ula) paupera,Dicranota(Polyangaeus)maculata,
D. (RhaD. (Plectromyia)
phidolabis)t.anthosoma,*
reducta,Paradelphomyia(Oxyrhiza) pacifica,Dactylolabisnitidithorax,*
Limnophila (Prionolab--s)
L. (P.) indistincta,*
antennata,
L. (P.) vancouverensis,
L. (Dendrolimnophila) albomanicata,
Ulomorphavanduzeei,Gonomyia(Gonomyia)percomplexa,Ormosia(Ormosia) albrighti,*
Molophilus(Molophilus)perM. (M.) spiculatus.
flaveolus,
CASCADES:CRATER LAKE NATIONAL

PARK

The striking
physicalfeaturesof CraterLakehavebeendetailedin various
paperscitedin theReferences,providedlater(Anon.,1941,1942;Applegate,
1939;Atwood,Jr.,1935;Bailey,1936;Diller,1902;Williams,1941;Wynd,
1936, 1941).

The stationsin thevicinityofCraterLakewherewe havecollectedareas
follows:Atnie Springs,6,000-6.015
feet;Castlecrest
Garden,6,800;Cold
SpringForestCamp,5,900;LakeRim,7,075;LakeShore,6,177;LostCreek,

16

THE AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST

51 (1)

5,900-6.00);Po!e BridgeCreek,3 milessouth of Annie Springs,5,900; Park
Headquarters,6,500; Vidae Falls, 6,500.
We camped at CraterLake for shortperiodson threesuccessiveyears,
August 1-4, 1946; July11-13,1947, and August 7-8, 1948, the last in comin snowfalloverdifferent
winters,
panywithFenc:er. To showthe differences
it maybe indicatedthatin August 1946,thetrailto thelake shorewas blocked
by snowdriftsand was impassibleon the dates in question. The nextyear,
the trailto the lake was open and we wereable to descendto
beforemid-July,
the lake level.
rich in Tipulidae
Two areas in the Park were found to be exceptionallyand wereselectedforspecialstudy.
boggyarea adjoinCastlecrestGarden; elevation6,800 feet. A restricted
ing the road a shortdistancebelow the rim of CraterLake. The area supports scatteredshrubbywillowsand rathernumerousspecies of herbaceous
beingmostconspicuouson the dates whenthe collections
plants,thefollowilngof Tipulidae weremade: Dicentraformosa(Andr.) DC, Spiraea densiflora
Nutt., Viola MacloskeyiLloyd,Pedicularisgroenlandicasurrecta,and Mimulus Lewisii Pursh. Only a few Tipulidae were found but these were very
commcn,includingTipula (Arctotipula) plutonis,*Pedicia (Tricyphona)smithae,* Gonomyia(Gonomyia) bihamata,* and Erioptera(Mesocyphona)
nmelanderiana.*
Pole CreekMeadows; elevation5,900 feet: An open hillsideslopinggradually down to Pole Creek,withnumerouscold springsformingsmall ramifying rillsthatflowintothe main stream,the wholeformingan extensiveboggy
meadow. Great beds of an aquatic or semi-aquaticmoss carpetthe ground,
witha furtherrank growthof herbsof many species,includinginterspersed
EquisetumarvenseL., Habenaria dilatata (Pursh) Hook., Polygonumbistortoides Pursh, RanunculusGormaniGreene,AconitumcolumbianumNutt.,
DodecatheonalpinumGreene,Mimulus guttatusDC, and Senecio trianguhigherland includesmounlarisHook. The treegrowthon the surrounding
tain hemlock,Tsuga Mertensiana,shasta fir,Abies magnificashastensisLemmon,and lodgepolepine,Pinus contortaMurrayana(Balf.) Engelm.
so farConsideringthe relativelysmall numberof species of crane-flies
discoveredat CraterLake, the followinglist of speciesfoundon the meadows
occidentalis,*Diazosma
is surprisinglv
iarge. These include Bittacomorpha
T. (Arctotipula)plutonis,*subsinuata,Tipula (Yamatotipula) continentalis,
Pedicia (Pedicia) parvicellula,var.,* P. (P.) magnifica,P. (Tricyphona)
aperta,* Dicranota (Plectromyia) reducta,* Limnophila (Elaeophila)
aldrichi.L. (Phylidorea) claggi,L. occidens,*Gonomyia (Idiocera) sbannoni G. (Gonomyia) bihamata,Erioptera (Mesocyphona) melanderiana,*
E (Psiloconopa) rainieria,*Molophilus (Molophilus) colonus,* and M.
(M.) rainierensis.*
It maybe notedthatspecimensof the Pedicia parvicellulawerefoundthat
fromthe saturatedmosses. The noon-daytemhad evidentlvjust emrerged
peratureof thewaterat thistime,August3, 1946,was 400 Fahr.
Bi.uE MOUNTAINS

Collectionsof Tipuloidea have been made at variousplaces in thesemountains,chieflyby Messrs. Baker,Davis, Lane, Scullen,Sperry,and the writer.

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

17

Lake,
wherethesefliesweretakenareas follows:Anthony
The chieflocalities
4,690;LangdonLake (TollgateP.O.), 4,970;Lime,2,225;
7,000feet;Granite,
LittlePhillipsCreek (Elgin, 2,665,to LangdonLake, 5,000); Mosquito
PineCreek,4,500;SpringCreek,3,900;UpperWalla Walla
Creek,Whitney;
River,1,450.
of Baker;
SpringCreek,WhitmanNationalForest;14 milesnorthwest
fromofftheslopes
streammountainflowing
elevation
3,900feet. A beautiful
the40 acreestateof Mr. and Mrs.JamesH.
of theElkhorn
Ridge,crossing
and boggyspotsalongthe creekprovide
Baker. Smallerlateralstreamlets
here
idealhauntsforTipulidae. We stayedat theBakercabinand collected
seriesof thesefliesweretaken
June24 and 28, 1948,and further
betweentheseasonsof 1948and 1949by theBakers,to whommymost
throughout
As a resultof this,ourforthisco-operation.
sincerethanksare extendedmayfaunaof thissectionof theBlue Mountainsof thecrane-fly
knowledge
as beingsatisfactory.
be consideredTHE

WALLOWAMOUNTAINS

rangehave s)een
mountainof thismostattractive
The physicalfeatureshavebeentakeninclude
wherecrane-flies
indicatedearlier.The chieflocalities
3,750;French
4,500feet;Enterprise,
ChiefJosephMountain,
thefollowing:
Mountain,
4,500;
Camp,LostineValley,5,500;Lazy T. Ranch,ChiefJoseph
JoInsonPark,WallowaRiver,2,750;Lostine,3,360;LostineValley,4,5005,600;WallowaCreek,4,675;WallowaLake,4,410.
ofcrane-flies
weremadebyus aiongtheinletofWallowaLake
Collections
weretakennearthespringof
in lateJune1948. Most of thesespecimens
Staat theWallowaFalls Generating
thePacificPowerand Light'Company
Area,tion,and alongthe trailto Ice Lake in the Eagle Cap Wilderness
AugustWallowaNationalForest.FromJune30 to July2, andagainbetween
LostineValley (Lake Creek
18 and 20, 1948,we campedin thebeautiful
10, 1949,Johnand
and FrenchCamps). BetweenJuly1 and September
all of thistimebeingstaGraceSperrywerein theWallowas,forvirtuallyA
nearEnterprise.
Mountain,tionedat theLazyT Ranch,on ChiefJoseph
fortheJohnSperryfromcollecting
prevented
aftermid-Julyseriousaccident
Gracecontinued
butduringthisperiodof convalescence,nextseveral-weeksof theTipulidae. The totalcollections
includingof insects,
thecollecting
to thestatelistand I am mostgrateful
haveaddedsomefinerecords
Sperrysin ourstudiesof WesternAmerican
co-operation
to themforthiscontinued
alongthecollected
Tipulidae.On June28, 1948,Lane,Bakerand thewriterof WallowaLake,whileon July26, 1949,
trailto Ice Lake and thevicinity
alongthetrailto AneroidLake to an altitudeof
Bakerand Lane collected
takenin theWallowasappearto
crane-flies
morethan7,000feet. The firstbe thosecollectedby Scullenat AneroidLake in July1926 (as recorded
oregonica).
underPrionoceraof Tipuof theknowncollectors
Collectors
and Localities.-Asummary
taken
thetext,specimens
herewith.
Throughout
loideain Oregonis provided
by Mrs.Alexander
bytheletter"F"; thosecollected
byFenderareindicatedthemoreimportant
indicatesby theletter"A". The asterisk
and thewriter
collectors.

18

THE

H. G.
Aitken,--Thomas
Albright,Kenneth
Ray
Albright,
Aldrich,JohnM.
*AlexanderCharlesP.
Mabel M.
*Alexander,*Baker,JamesH.
Barber,Don
Bell, JohnW.

Bock,J. F.

Bohart,George
HaroldBowerman,
Bruce,R. F.
Burrill,AlfredC.
Chamberlin,Willard J.
*Childs,Leroy*Cole, FrankR.
*Davis, JohnE.
Dice, Lee R.
Dimmick,R. E.
JaneC.
*Dirks-Edmunds,*Dyar, HarrisonG.
Epper,F.
*Fender,DorothyMcKey

AMERICAN MIDLAND

NATURALIST*Fender,KennethMark
Ferguson,George
Frewing,D. K.
Gardner,R.
Gentner,L. A.
Gillespie,D. G.
Glover,Frederick
Gray,K.
Hammond,D.
Hach, D. W.
Hill, LauraJames,MauriceT.
Kimmey,F. E.
Kincaid,Trevor
Knowlton,
GeorgeF.
Lanchester,H. P.
Lane, MertonC.
Larson,N. P.
Lovett,A. L.
Macnab, JamesA.
Malkin,Borys
Maris,Zelna
May, Irene I.
Melander,Axel L.

51 (1)

Miller,Leo
Morrison,HerbertK.
Mote, Don C.
Motley,Lee
Osborn,Muriel,Post, RichardL.
Rieder,R. E.
Roaf,James
Ross, Marshall
Sargent,M. J.

Schuh,J.

: Scullen,HermanA.
Shattuck,Velma T.
Shaw, FrankR.
Shelford,VictorE.
Shotwell,A.
Sipe, E. P.
:Sperry,Grace H.
"Sperry,
JohnL.
Taylor,D.
Thorne,HarryW.
_Townes,
HenryK.
Townes,M.

Wilcox,J.

in
havebeencollected
wherecrane-flies
and localities
The variousstations
wherealtitude,and approximate
withtheircounty
Oregonare listed,together
havebeentakenfromtheAmerican
thisis known Manyof thealtitudes
GuideSeriesvolumeson "Oregon"and "MountHood," citedin theRefer-ences. Cert2inof the attitudesof places visitedby us have been taken orby altimeter.
confirmed
Agate Beach, LincolnCo., 125 ft.
Albany,Linn Co., 215 ft.
AlbrightRanch, Dayton, Yamhill Co.,
160 ft.
Alsea, BentonCo., 1,245ft.
AmityHills, Yamhill Co., 500 ft.
Aneroid Lake, Wallowas, Wallowa Co.,
7,500 ft.
Annie Springs,CraterLake, KlamathCo.,
6,000 ft.
AntelopeMt., HarneyCo., 6,500 ft.
AnthonyLake, Blue Mts., Baker Co.,
7,000 ft.
Archer'sCamp,Creswell,Lane Co., 535 ft.
Ashland,JacksonCo., 1,900 ft.
Aurora,Marion Co.
Austin,Blue Mts., GrantCo., 4,080 ft.
Baker,BakerCo.. 3,440 ft.
Baker Creek Valley, McMinnville,Yamhill Co.
Bald Mt., YamhillCo.
BalloonTree Trail, Blue Mts.,Union Co.,
5,000 ft.
Ba'rlowPass, Mt. Hood, ClackamasCo.,
4,160 ft.
Bear Creek, Mt. Hood, Clackamas Co.,
1,400 ft.

Bear Creek,SiskiyouNat. For., Josephine
Co.
Bear Springs Forest Camp, Mt. Hood,
Wasco Co., 3,200 ft.
BeaverCreek,Mt. Hood, ClackamasCo.,
1,150ft.
Beech Creek ForestCamp, Malheur Nat.
For., GrantCo., 4,500 ft.
Bend, DeschutesCo., 3,550 ft.
Big Creek,Coos Co.
Big Meadow, N. SantiamHighway,Linn
Co., 3,460 ft.
Bly, KlamathCo., 4,355 ft.
Bonneville,
MultnomahCo., 50 ft.
Boyer,see Saddle Mt., LincolnCo.
Brookings,
CurryCo., 130 ft.
BrookMeadow,sw of The Dalles, Wasco
Co.
Canby,ClackamasCo., 155 ft.
CannonBeach,ClatEopCo.
Carlton,WillametteValley, Yamhill Co.,
225 ft.
Cascade Head Expt. For., Siuslaw Nat.
For., TillamookCo.
Cascadia, S. SantiamHghway,Linn Co.,
800 ft.
CastlecrestGarden,CraterLake. Klamath

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

19

Co., 6,800 ft.
Fern Ridge Reservoir,
Lane Co.
Castle Rock,TillamookCo.
Fish Lake, Steens Mts., Harney Co.,
Cave Junction,
Josephine
7,000 ft.
Co., 1,350 ft.
Charleston,
Coos Co.
Florence,Lane Co., 10 ft.
ChetcoR., CurryCo.
ForestGrove,WashingtonCo., 195 ft.
Chief Joseph Mt., Wallowas, Wallowa FortKlamath,KlamathCo., 4,185 ft.
Co., 4,500 ft.
FremontNat. For., Klamath-Lake
Cos.
Chintimini(Marys Peak), Benton Co., FrenchGlen, SteensMts., HarneyCo.
4,097 ft.
Chitwood,270 ft.
Gales Creek,Wilson R., WashingtonCo.
ClackamasLake, Hood Nat. For., ClackGlenada,Lane Co.
amas Co., 3,300 ft.
Gold Beach,CurryCo., 70 ft.
Clear Lake, Hood Nat. For., Wasco Co.,
GrandRonde,Polk Co., 335 ft.
3,300 ft.
Granite,Blue Mts., GrantCo., 5,500 ft.
Cloverdale,TillamookCo., 25 ft.
GrantsPass, JosephineCo., 950 ft.
Cloud Cap Inn, Mt. Hood, Hood River Gunaldo
Falls, SourgrassCreek,YamhillCo., 5,985 ft.
Co.
Cold Springs For. Camp, Crater Lake,
KlamathCo., 5,900 ft.
Happy Valley, McMinnville,Yamhill Co.
Coos Bay, Coos Co., sea-level
Harris Beach State Park, CurryCo., seaCoquilleRiver,Sitkum,Coos Co.
level.
Corvallis,BentonCo., 225 ft.
Hazel Creek,near Dexter,Lane Co., 990
CraterLake, KlamathCo., 6,177 ft.
ft.
Creswell,Lane Co., 535 ft.
Cultus Lake, DeschutesNat. For., Des- Hemlock,TillamookCo.
chutesCo., 4,670 ft.
HendersonBridge,Yamhill Co.
High Heaven, Yamhill Co.,
Dayton,Yamhill Co., 160 ft.
Hillsboro,WashingtonCo.
Deer Creek,McMinnville,Yamhill Co.
Hood CravenCabin, Saddle Mt., Lincoln
Dell Creek,WillametteR., Lane Co.
Co., 3,000 ft.
Deschutes River Guard Sta., Deschutes Hood River,Hood RiverCo., 155 ft.
Co., 4,635 ft.
Hood River Meadows,Mt. Hood, Hood
Devils GardenCamp, CenturyDrive,DesRiverCo., 4,480-4,500ft.
chutesCo.
Honeyman(JessieM.) State Park, Lane'
Dexter,Lane Co., 990 ft.
Co.
Dixie, GrantCo.
HorseshoeLake, Blue Mts., 7,500 ft.
DutchflatTrail, AnthonyLake, BakerCo., HorsetailFalls, MultnomahCo., 100 ft.
7,100-7,850ft.
HorsethiefMeadows, Mt. Hood, Hood'
Dutchman's Flat, CenturyDrive, DesRiverCo., 3,400 ft.
chutesCo., 6,100-6,300ft.
House Rock For. Camp, S. Santiam,Linn
Co., 1,600 ft.
Eagle Cap WildernessArea, Wallowas, HuckleberryMt., Crater Lake, Klamath
Wallowa Co., 5,000 ft.
Co., 6,000 ft.
Eagle CreekForestRes., ClackamasCo.
Humbug Mt. State Park, CurryCo., seaEagle Creek For. Camp, MultnomahCo.,level.
300 ft.
Huntington,
Baker Co., 2,110 ft.
EdmundsRanch, High Heaven, Yamhill HurricaneCreek,Wallowas,Wallowa Co.,.
Co., 700 ft.
5,200-6,000ft.
Eel CreekFor. Camp, Coos Co.
Elgin,Blue Mts., Union Co., 2,665 ft.
IllinoisR., SiskiyouNat. For., Josephine
Elk Creek,SiskiyouNat. For., Josephine Co., 950 ft.
Co., 1,600 ft.
Independence,
Polk Co., 170 ft.
Elk Lake, CenturyDrive, DeschutesCo., Indian Ford, DeschutesNat. For., Des-4,900 ft.
chutesCo., 3,240 ft.
Elk Lake, Marion Co., 3,850 ft.
Enterprise,
Wallowas,Wallowa Co., 3,750 JohnsonPark,Wallowa R., Wallowa Co.,,ft.
2,750 ft.
Eola Hills, Yamhill Co.
JordanCreek,Wilson R. Highway,TilEugene,Lane Co., 425 ft.
lamookCo.
Joseph,Wallowas,Wallowa Co., 4,400 ft.
Faubion,Bear Creek,Mt. Hood, Clacka- JungleCreek, Odell Lake, Klamath Co.,.
mas Co., 1,400 ft.
4,800 ft.

20

THE AMERICAN MIDLAND

Juntura,MalheurCo., 2,955 ft.
Kelly Creek, Wapinitia Cutoff,Wasco
Co., 3,200 ft.
Lake-o-Woods(Lake of the Woods), KlamathCo.
Lake Trembley,Chitwood,Linn Co., 270ft.
LangdonLake, Blue Mts., Umatilla Co.,
4,970 ft.
Langlois,CurryCo., 90 ft.
Lazy Creek, Odell Lake, Klamath Co.,
4,800 ft.
Lazy T Ranch, Wallowas, Wallowa Co.,
4,500 ft.
Lee's Camp, TillamookCo.
Lime,BurntCreek,BakerCo., 2,225 ft.
LittleAntoneCreek,Blue Mts., BakerCo.
Little DeschutesR., DeschutesNat. For.,
KlamathCo.
Little Phillips Creek, Blue Mts., Union
Co.
Lost Creek,CraterLake, KlamathCo.
Lostine,Wallowa Co., 3,360 ft.
Lostine Guard Station, Wallowas, Wallowa Co., 4,700 ft.
Lost Prairie,WillametteNat. For., Lane
Co., 1,150 ft.

NATURALIST

51 (1)

Ochoco ForestCamp, Ochocos,CrookCo.,
4,000 ft.
Odell Lake, KlamathCo., 4,760-4,790ft.
OneontaGorge,ColumbiaR., MultnomahCo., 100 ft.
Co.
OregonCaves, Josephine
Oswego,ClackamasCo.
PacificCity,TillamookCo.
PantherCreek,McMinnville,Yamhill Co.
PeavineRidge,Yamhill Co., 210-1,085ft.
Pedro Mt., BakerCo., 3,500 ft.
Pendleton,Umatilla Co., 1,070 ft.
Peoria Ferry,BentonCo.
Philomath,BentonCo., 280 ft.
Pine Creek,Baker Co., 4,500 ft.
PistolR., CurryCo.
Polally For. Camp, Mount Hood, Hood
RiverCo., 3,000 ft.
Pole Creek Meadows, CraterLake, KlamathCo., 5,850-5,900ft.
Pratum,Marion Co.
PrincessCreekFor. Camp, Odell L., KlamathCo., 4,760 ft.
Prospect,JacksonCo., 2,600 ft.
Redwood Ranger Station,Cave Junction,
Co.
Josephine
Rieth,Umatilla Co.
River Island For. Camp, Metiolus R.,
Co., 3,000 ft.
Jefferson
Rivers Edge For. Camp, near Westfir,
Lane Co., 1,000 ft.
RoaringRiverFish Hatchery,Marion Co.
Robin Hood For. Camp, Mount Hood,
Hood RiverCo., 3,560 ft.
Rock Creek,Corvallis,BentonCo.
Rogue River,JacksonCo.
Roseburg,Douglas Co., 480 ft.

Malheur National Forest,Grant Co.
Malone Spring For. Camp, Rogue RiverNat. For., KlamathCo., 4,150 ft.
Marion Creek,Linn Co.
Marshfield,
Coos Co.
Marys Peak, Coast Range, Benton Co.,
4,097 ft.
Marys River,BentonCo.
McCredieSprings,Lane Co.
McMinnville,Yamhill Co., 115 ft.
Saddle Mt. (BoyerStation), LincolnCo.,
Meadow Lake, Carlton,YamhillCo.
1,400 ft.
Medford,JacksonCo., 1,375 ft.
State Park, ClatsopCo.
Merrill Creek, N. Santiam Highway, Saddle Mountain
Sahale Falls, Mount Hood, Hood River
Linn Co.
MetoliusR., DeschutesNat. For., Jeffer- Co., 4,575 ft.
Salem. Polk Co., 170 ft.
son Co., 2,600-3,000ft.
Milton, Blue Mts., Umatilla Co., 1,275 SalmonRiver,nearBoyer,Polk Co.
Salmon River, Mount Hood, Clackamasft.
Co.
Wallowaft.
Minam,
Co., 2,700
Sand Lake, TillamookCo.
*MosquitoCreek,Whitney,Baker Co.
4,815 ft.
MossyRock ForestCamp, Ochocos,Crook SantiamPass, DeschutesCo.,
Salt CreekFalls, Lane Co., 3,800 ft.
Co., 4,000 ft.
Schweitzer
Creek,near Westfir,Lane Co.,
Mount Angel,Marion Co., 165 ft.
1,000 ft.
MountMcLoughlin,JacksonCo., 9,493 ft.
Seaside, Clatsop Co., 16 ft.
MountainCreek,WheelerCo.
Shady Dell For. Camp, Lane Co.
Muddy Valley, McMinnville,Yamhill Co.
MultnomahFalls, Columbia R., Multno- SherwoodFor. Camp,MountHood, Hood
RiverCo., 3,100 ft.
mah Co., 100 ft.
ShevlinPark, Tumalo Creek,Bend, DeschutesCo., 3,610 ft.
'Neskowin,TillamookCo., 17 ft.
SilverCreekFalls, Marion Co., 800-1,000ft.
O'Brien,JosephineCo., 1,475 ft.

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEA

SiskiyouMt., JacksonCo.
Sitkum,CoquilleR., Coos Co.
SourgrassCreek,Yamhill Co.
Sparks Lake, CenturyDrive, DeschutesCo., 5,450 ft.
SpencersButte,Eugene,Lane Co.
Spring Creek, Blue Mts., Baker Co.,
3,900 ft.
StarrCreek,MalheurNat. Forest.
Co., 1,700 ft.
State Line Creek,Josephine
Steens Mountains,Harney Co.
Still Creek,MountHood, ClackamasCo.,
3,600-3,800ft.
Store Gulch For. Camp, Siskiyous,JosephineCo., 1,190 ft.
Summit,BentonCo., 650-750ft.
SummitLake, WillamettePass, Lane Co.,
5,120 ft.
SunshineShelter,Three Sisters,DeschutesCo., 6,000 ft.

OF OREGON

21

Trout CreekFor. Camp, WillametteNat.
Forest,Linn Co., 1,245 ft.
Tumalo Creek, Bend, Deschutes Co.,
3,610 ft.
Vale, MalheurCo.
Vernonia,ColumbiaCo.
Vidae Falls, CraterLake, Klamath Co.,
6,500 ft.
Viento,Hood RiverCo., 140 ft.

WahkeenaFalls, MultnomahCo., 100 ft.
Wallace Bridge,Polk Co., 200 ft.
Walla Walla R. (Upper), Blue Mts.,
Umatilla Co., 1,450 ft.
Wallowa Creek,Wallowa Co., 4,675 ft.
Wallowa Lake, Wallowa Co., 4,410 ft.
Wapanitia Cutoff,Mount Hood, Wasco
Co.
WarnerLakes, Lake Co.
Middle ForkWillametteR. Lane
Westfir,
TahkenitchLake, Reedsport,Douglas Co.
Co. 1,000 ft.
The Dalles, Wasco Co., 95 ft.
Wheeler,TillamookCo., 50 ft.
Three Creek Lake, Three Sisters Area, Whitney,Blue Mts., Baker Co.
DeschutesCo.
WildhorsePrairieLookout,CurryCo.
Three Rivers,TillamookCo.
Wildwood For. Camp, Ochocos, Crook
Tierra del Mar, TillamookCo., sea-level
Co., 4,500 ft.
to 50 ft.
Willis Creek,N. SantiamHighway,Linl
Tilly Jane For. Camp, Mount Hood,
Co.
Hood River,5,600 ft.
Willowdale,Marion Co., 240 ft.
Todd Lake, Century Drive, Deschutes Wilson River,TillamookCo.
Co., 6,100 ft.
Wood Hop Yard, WillametteR., Yamhill
Tollgate,LangdonLake, Blue Mts., UmaCo.
tilla Co., 5,000 ft.
LincolnCo., 15 ft.
Yachats,
TombstoneMeadows, S. Santiam Highway,Linn Co.
Zena, Eola Hills, Yamhill Co.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The partsof threesummersthatMrs. Alexanderand I have spentin Oregonhave
yieldedseveralthousandspecimensof crane-flies.
The outstanding
seriesof theseflies
takenat all seasonsand overa periodof manyyearsby Mr. KennethMark Fenderhas
provedeven .nore importantand has added numerousspeciesto the Oregonlist. An
expressionof deepestthanksand appreciation
to Mr. Fenderseemsmostinadequatewhen
weighedagainstthe amountof timeand labor thathe has devotedto the collectingoftheseflies. Furthetacknowledgements
are made to all othercollectors
but particularly
tothosein the precedinglist whosenamesare precededby an asterisk.Special thanksare
extendedto Messrs.JamesH. Baker,FrankR. Cole, JohnE. Davis, JamesA. Macnab,
HermanA. Scullen,and JohnL. Sperry,and to Mrs. Grace H. Sperry. I have beenprivilegedto studythe collectionsof the Oregon State Agricultural
College, Corvallis,
throughthe kind interestof Professors
Don C. Mote and Herman A. Scullen,and of
the United States National Museum,throughthe late Dr. JohnM. Aldrichand Dr.
Alan Stone. And veryespeciallydo I expressmy continued
thanksand appreciation
toMrs. Alexander,camp-mateand loyalhelperin mystudieson thecrane-flies.
REFERENCES
ANON.

1939-Mount Hood National Forest. U.S.D.A. ForestServiceMap; descriptionand figureson reverse.
1940-Oregon, end of the trail. Amner.
Guide Series,pp. 549, ills., maps (Binfords& Mort,Portland).

22

THE

AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST

1940-Mount Hood-a& Pearce).

51 (1)

guide. Amer.Guide Series,pp. 132, ills. (Duell, Sloan

1941-A bibliographyof National Parks and Monuments
westof the Mississippi
River,2: CraterLake National Park, pp. 1-26; OregonCaves National Monument,pp. 1-2.
1942-Crater Lake National Park, Oregon. National Park Service,pp. 1-16, 4
figs.,map.
(VARIOUS AUTHORS) 1941-Climate and Man. 1941 Yearbook of Agriculture.
U.S.D.A., pp. 1248; Oregon,pp. 1075-1086,7 maps,by EdwardL. Wells.
ALEXANDER,CHARLES P. 1949-Rccords and descriptionsof NorthAmericancrane-flies(Diptera). Part VIII. The Tipuloidea of Washington,1. Amer. Midl. Nat.
42: 257-333,65 figs.,(254 species).
APPLEGATE,ELMER I. 1939-Plants of CraterLake National Park. Ibid. 22: 225-314,
3 pls. (about 570 species).
of NorthAmerica,pp. 536.
provinces
ATWOOD, WALLACE W. 1940-rhe physiographic
5 col. maps,1 insertmap,281 figs.
ATWOOD, JR., WALLACE W. 1935-The glacial historyof an extinctvolcano,Crater
Lake NationalPark. Journ.Geol. 43: 142-168.
BAILEY, VERNON 1936-The mammelsand life zones of Oregon. North American
Fauna 55: 1-416,52 pls., 102 figs.;P1. 1 a col. map showinglife zones (discussionof lifezones,pp. 11-53).
BENSON, G. T. 1930-The treesand shrubsof western
Oregon. Contrib.Dudley Herb.,
StanfordUniv. 2: 1-170,map; plantzones.
BRANDS, M. D. 1947-Flood runoff
in theWillametteValley,Oregon. U.S.D.I., Geol.
Surv.; Water-supply
Paper 968-A: 1-60; contourand isohyetalmaps of the valley.
COLE, F. R. AND A. L. LOVETT 1921-An annotatedlist of the Diptera (Flies) ofOregon. Proc. CaliforniaAcad. Sci., (4) 11: 197-344,54 figs.(briefdiscussionof lifezones,pp. 201-202).
DICE, LEE R. 1943-The bioticprovincesof NorthAmerica,pp. 78, map.
of CraterLake National Park. U.S.
DILLER, J. S. 1902-The geologyand petrography
Geol. Surv. Professional
paper3: 1-167.
DIRKs-EDMU NDS, JANE C. 1947-A comparisonof bioticcommunitiesof the cedarhemlockand oak-hickory
associations.Ecol. Mon. 17: 235-260,10 figs.(a comparis6nof Saddle Mountain,Oregon,withWhite Heath, Illinois).
FENDER, KEN NETH M. 1948-Systematicentomology
in the PacificNorthwest.Proc.
Ent. Soc. BritishColumbiafor 1947, 44: 1-2 (basic accountof PeavineRidge,
Oregon).
of westernUnited States,pp. 1-534, 173
FENNEMAN, NEVIN M. 1931-Physiography
figs.,1 pocketmap.
GORMAN, M. W. 1920-The floraof Mount Hood. OregonOut of Doors 1: 64-96(283 speciesof higherplantsabove2,000 feet).
in the PacificNorthwest,
HATCH, MELVILLE H. 1949-A century
of entomology
pp. 43,9 pls. (portraits).
Loew.
LOVETT, A. L. 1915-Tipulid workin prunewood. Ctenophoraangustipennis
OregonStatebienn.croppestand hort.Rept. 2 (1913-14): 166-169.
MACNAB, JAMES A. 1945-Faunal aspectionin the Coast Range mountainsof northwesternOregon. Univ. Nebraska,Dept. Zool. pp. 1-15 (thesisabstract;mainthesisstillunpublished;considers
Saddle Mountain,Oregon).
MATTHES, FRANCOISE. 1931-Crater Lake (on reverseof topographic
map of Crater
Lake National Park).
of nature. Amer.Mag. of
MERRIAM, J. C. 1933-Crater Lake: a studyin appreciation
Art 26: 357-361.
sketchof the plant regionsof Oregon. I.
PECK, MORTON E. 1925-A preliminary
WesternOregon. Amer.Journ.Bot. 12: 33-49,ill.
1925-The same. II. The Cascade Mountainsand eastward.Ibid., 12: 69-81.
1941-A manualof the higherplantsof Oregon,pp. 1-866,90 figs.,frontispiece,
1 map showingplantareas (Binfords& Mort,Portland).
of sphagnumbogs in North America. Bot.
RIGG, GEORGE B. 1940-The development
Review6: 666-693.
SHELFORD, VICTOR E. AND COLLABORATORS 1926-Naturalist'sGuide to the Americas,
1-761, 16 figs.(maps). Oregonby ThorntonT. Munger,William E. Lawrenceand Howard M. Wight,pp. 181-193.

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

23

W. D. AND C. R. SWARTZLOW 1936-Mount Mazama: Explosion versus collapse. Bull. Geol. Soc. America 47: 1809-1830.
VAN DERSAL, WILLIAM
R. 1938-Native
woody plants of the United States, theirerosion-controland wildlife values. U.S.D.A. Misc. Publ. 303: 1-362, 14 pls., 2
pocket maps.
WILLIAMS, HOWEL 1941-Crater Lake, the story of its origin, pp. 1-101, 10 pls., 9figs.; col. frontispiece(showing Mount Mazama before its destruction).
WYND, F. LYLE 1936-The introducedflora of Crater Lake National Park. Torreya 36:
SMITH,-

5-6.

1936-The flora of Crater Lake National Park. Amer. Midl. Nat. 17: 881-949.
1941-The botanical features of the life zones of Crater Lake National Park.
Ibid. 25: 324-347, 11 figs., including map showing life zones (discussion of life
zones, pp. 327-341).

Systematic Account
TANYDERIDAE

Protanyderus
margaritaAlexander,1948.-Blue Mts.: Upper Walla Walla River,
above Milton, 1,275 ft., July4, 1948 (A); a single specimensweptfromvegetation
alongriver.A characteristic
RockyMountainand GreatBasin species.
Protanyderus
vipio (Osten Sacken, 1877).-Willamette Valley: Dayton, on gravelbar in WillametteRiver,April 17, 1949 (DorothyMcKey-Fender);South Fork ofMarysRiver,April 25, 1940 (Fred Glover); an alcoholicfemalein OregonState AgriculturalCollegeCollection.Knownhitherto
onlyfromcoastalsectionof California.
PTYCHOPTERIDAE

Ptychoptera
lenislenisOsten Sacken,1877.-Coast: Deer Creek,May 6, 1945 (F);
PacificCity,May 23, 1948 (F). WillametteValley: Pe.avine,Sta. 1, May 2, 1946 (F).
Aurora,June20, 1925 (Melander); Dayton,WillametteRiver,April 24, 1949 (F);
Summit,650 ft., June 8, 1929 (Scullen). SouthernOregon: Ashland-Lakeof the
Woods, June 12, 1945 (F). Cascades: Hood River,June5 (Cole); Mount HoodHood RiverMeadows,4,480 ft.,July31, 1948 (F), small,approachingthe race coloradensis;Still Creek,3,600 ft.,July17, 1947 (A & F).
Ptychoptera
leniscoloradensis
Alexander,1937.-Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,
May 23, 1949 (Baker).
Ptychoptera
pendulaAlexand.er,
1937.-Blue Mts.: Mosquito Creek,Whitney,June
19, 1949 (Ilah Baker). A characteristic
RockyMountainspecies.
Ptychoptera
sculleniAlexander,1943.-Coast: Alsea Mt., May 23, 1931 (Scullen),types;Bald Mt., July19, 1942 (F); High Heaven, August6, 1946 (A & F); Jessie
M. HoneymanState Park, August 12, 1948 (F); Salmon River,near Boyer,August
12, 1948 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 3, July1, 1947, July2, 1949; Sta. 3A,
September10-24, 1945, September13, 1948 (F), Silver Creek Falls, August2, 1948
(F). SouthernOregon: State Line Creek,1,700 ft.,August9, 1948 (A & F). Cascades: Mount Hood-Bear Creek, 1,400 ft.,August 1, 1948 (A & F); Bear Springs,,
3,200 ft.,August8, 1946 (F); Hood RiverMeadows,4,480 ft.,July31, 1948 (A &F); HorsethiefMeadows,3,400 ft.,July18, 1947 (F); Still Creek,3,600 ft.,July17,
1947, July31, 1948, (F). Cascadia, August 11, 1924 (Scullen), types;Big Meadows,
August3, 1948 (A); Lost Prairie,August3, 1948 (F); TombstoneMeadows,August
17, 1947 (F & Albright);MetoliusRiver,August3, 1948 (A & F).
Ptychoptera
townesiAlexander,1943.-Coast: Gunaldo Falls, June30, 1949 (F);High Heaven, June22, 1945, August6, 1946, May 4, 1947, July12, 1949 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, June4-11, 1946, May 1-22, 1947; Sta. 3, May 14-20,
1947, May 11, 1948 (F), Happy Valley, May 12, 1946 (F); Silver CreekFalls, July8, 1949 (F & Davis). Cascades: Mount Hood-BearCreek, 1,400 ft.,August 1, 1948
(F); BeaverCreek,1,150 ft.,July16, 1947 (A & F); Still Creek,3,600 ft.,July17,
1947 (A & F). Hazel Creek,WillametteRiver,990 ft.,July15, 1947 (A).
Bittacomorphella
fenderianaAlexander,1947.-WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1,
May 24, 1947; Sta. 3A, May 15, 1946, type;May 5-26, 1945, August22, September
17, 1946, typematerial;May 5-19, 1947, May 12-24,September9-13, 1948, July9,
1946; Sta. 3, August22, 1946, June29, 1948 (F). Albrights,
Dayton,September19,
1946 (F), typematerial.Cascades: Mount Hood-Bear Spiings,3,200 ft.,August8-9,
1946 (A & F); Hood RiverMeadows,4,480 ft.,July31, 1948 (A & F); Horsethief

24

THE

AMERICAN MIDLAND

NATURALIST

51 (1)

Meadows,3,400 ft.,July18, 1947 (A); Robin Hood Camp, 3,560 ft.,July18, 1947
August5,000 ft.,August,7, 1946 (A); Wapinitiacutoff,(F); streambelowtimberline,
7, 1946 (F).
sackeni(Roder, 1890).-Coast: Alsea Mt., May 26, 1934 (SculBittacomorphellalen). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 3, August22, 1946,July2, 1949; Sta. 3A, May
October 12, 1946, May 5, 1947, June8, 1948 (F).
26-June5, 1945, May 15-June,
Albrights,Dayton, September19, 1946 (F). Cascades: Mount Hood-At 3,000 ft.,July29, 1921 (Melander). Cascadia, August 12, 1924 (Scullen); Hazel Creek,990
ft.,Tlily15, 1947 (A).
occidentalisAldrich,1895.-Coast: Saddle Mt. (Boyer), September
Bittacomorpha1, 1937 (Macnab). Cascades: MountHood-BearCreek,1,400 ft.,July16, 1947 (A);HorsethiefMeadows,3,400 ft.,August9, 1946, July18, 1947 (A & F). Hood River,June3, 1917 (Cole); Cascadia, August12, 1924, June30, 1939 (Scullen); Salt Creek
Falls, July14, 1947 (A); MetoliusRiver,August3, 1948 (A & F). CraterLake-Pole
CreekMeadows,5,900 ft.,August3, 1946 (A).
ANISOPODIDAE

Anisopusalternatus(Say, 1823).-Willamette Valley: Corvallis,May 25; Albany,
May 2; ForestGrove,April 20 (Cole).
TRICHOCERIDAE(There has been muchconfusionin the use of familynamesin Biologywherethein formssuch as -cera,-cerus,-ceros,and'.the like.
typegenusof the familyterminates
forthe presentgroup,whileothersuse
Thus certainauthorsuse the name Trichoceridae
to Dr. L. W. Grensted,of OxfordUniversity,
The case was submitted
Trichoceratidae.
forhis opinion,whichhas now been pubGreekscholarand entomologist,
distinguishedMonthlyMagazine 84; 280-281; 1948. From this it appears
lished in Entomologist's
thatGreekwordsthathave been Latinized,as in the presentcase, and withthe ending-cera,shouldbe treatedas above,and the correctname forthe presentgroupis Trichoceridae).
Diazosma subsinuata(Alexander,1915).-Coast: Harris Beach State Park, August
11, 1948 (F); Wheeler,July24, 1949 (F). Cascades: Mount Hood-Bear Creek,Au-.
gust 1, 1948 (F); BeaverCreek,July16, 1947 (A); ClackamasLake, 3,300 ft.,August
8, 1946 (F); Hood Riverside at 3,000 ft.,July29, 1921 (Melander); Eagle Creek
July1, 1917 (Melander). MetoliusRiver,August3, 1948 (A & F);
ForestReservation,
Prospect,May 27, 1921 (Dyar). CraterLake-AnnieSprings,6,000 ft.,August1, 1946;
Pole CreekMeadows,5,900 ft.,August3, 1946 (A). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900
ft.,June25, 1948 (A), August29, 1948 (Baker). Wallowas: LostineValley, 5,500 ft.,
August 19, 1948 (A).
(Osten Sacken, 1877) .-Coast: Agate Beach, March 27,
Paracladuratrichoptera
1949 (F); Boyer,May 9, 1949 (F); Castle Rock, March 31, 1949 (F); Gales Creek,
September5, 1948 (F); High Heaven, May 4, 1947 (F); EdmundsRanch, April 1I
1949 (F); Gunaldo Falls, June30, 1949 (F); Hemlock,April 5, 1949 (F); Jordan
August12, 1948 (F); SourgrassCreek,
5, 1948 (F); Lake Tahkenitch,
Creek,September
May 17, 1948 (F); Tierra del Mar, May 13, 1949 (F); Wallace Bridge,March 14,
1946 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, October3, 1945, April 15, 1946, May
22, 1947; Sta. 3, November8, 1945, March4-April26, 1946; Sta. 3A, April 17-May3,
October 1-12, 1946, May 5-19, 1947, April 27,August30, September13, 1948 (F).
ForestGrove,December,January,February(Cole); Silver Creek Falls, May 9, 1948
(F).
Trichoceraannulata Meigen, 1818.-Coast: Peavine, withoutstation,October 10,
the World,
1945; October21, 1946 (F). A Europeanspecies,widespreadthroughout
in cases,at least,throughcommerce.
Trichoceracolei Alexander,1919.-Coast: Agate Beach, March 27, 1949; Sand
Lake, April 12, 1949 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, February2, 1947; Sta.
3, October10, November8, 1945, February12, March 9, April 4, 1946, March 12,1947 (F). ForestGrove,November11, March 20-26 (Cole), types;Hillsboro,April 1(Cole), types.
TrichoceracolumbianaAlexander,1927.-WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 4, March
recordsof this speciesamongundeter18, 1947 (F). There are undoubtedlyfurther
minedmaterials.

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

25

Trichoceragarretti
Alexander,1927.-Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,April 24May 9, 1949 (Baker).
TrichocerahyalopteraAlexander,1949.-Coast: Saddle Mt. (Boyer), February3,
1935 (Dirks-Edmunds).WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 3, March 4, 1946 (F), types.
Happy Valley, April 14, 1946 (F).
Trichocera pallens sp. nov.-Generallysimilarto gracilis,differingin the reddish
browncoloiationof the thoraxand the pale wingveins;male hypopygium
withthe dististylerelatively
short,witha smallbasal hairytubercle.
8. Length,about4.5-5 mm.;wing,5-5.5 mm.
9. Length,about5-5.5mm.;wing,4.5-5.5mm.
Very closelyallied to gracilisWalker, 1848, now generallybelievedto be identicalwiththe Europeansaltator(Harris, 1782), differingin the characters
listedin the diagnosis. Mesonotumreddishbrown,the praescutum
somewhatdarkerbrown. Pleura moreyellowed..Legs brown.Wings grayishsubhyaline,
the veinsdarker,slightly
moredelicate
than in gracilis.Abdominaltergitesbrown,the sternites
withpaler. Male hypopygium
the dististyle
relatively
short,at base on mesal face witha small hairytubercle.Mesal
lobes of basistylebroadlymeetingbut not fusedat the midline;gonapophyses
long andslender.In gracilis,the colorationof the body is dark brownto brownishblack. Male
hypopygium
withthetubercleof the dististyleandmoreslender.
longerHolotype, 8, Saddle Mountain(Boyer), Oregon,September26, 1936 (J. A. Macnab, No. 64). Allotopotype,9, November14, 1936. Paratopotypes,
several d 9,
September29-December
30, 1934; October6-November
24, 1935; September10-November 30, 1936; January,February,October,November,December,1937 (Macnab andassociates). Paratype,d, Carlton-Meadowlake
Road, Yamhill Co., October 13, 1945
(Fender).
TrichocerasetosivenaAlexander,1927.-Coast: Agate Beach, March 27, 1949 (F);Castle Rock, March 31, May 13, 1949 (F); Gales Creek,September5, 1948 (F);
HumbugMountainState Park,August 11, 1948 (F).; JessieM. HoneymanState Park,
August12, 1948 (F); Lake Tahkenitch,
August12, 1948 (F); Saddle Mt. (Boyer), December2, 1933, November10-December
30, 1934, January5, 1935, October25, 1936,
February6, October30, 1937 (J. A. Macnab and associates); South Fork of Chetco
River,Maich 18, 1940 (Post & Ross). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 3, May 6,1945, February12, March 21, April26, September13, 1946, May 7, 1947 (F). Silver
Creek Falls, August 1-2, 1948 (A). Cascades: Mount Hood-SalmonRiver,July30,
1948 (F); HorsetailFalls, August9, 1946 (A); OneontaGorge,July19, 1947 (A).
TIPULIDAE
TIPULINAE

Phorocteniavittalaangustipennis(Loew, 1872) (Malpighia Enderlein).-WillamretteValley: Peavin2,Sta. 1, April 23, May 18, June21, 1946, May 1-22, 19479Sta. 2,
April 26, May 21, 1947; Sta. 3A, May 29-June10, 1945; Sta. 4, June12, 1946 (F).
Corvallis,April,May, to October29 (Lovett); Spencer'sButte,Eugene,April 20, May
25, 1947 (Malkin), reared.Cascades: MountHood-Hood River,May 21, 1929 (D. G.
Gillespie);Tilly JaneCreek,5,600 ft.,July18, 1947 (M. M. Alexander).
Lovett (1915) discussesdamageto prunetreesin Oregoncaused by the larvae of
this species,the chiefdamageresulting
fromrainsentering
the treesthroughthe larval
tunnels.
Holorusia (Holorusia) grandisBergroth,1888 (rubiginosaLoew, 1863; preoccupied
by rubiginosa
Bigot, 1863).-Willamette Valley: Corvallis,June10-11, 1922 (Lovett);
Eugene,June-July
1946 (Malkin); McMinnville,July 15, 1945 (F), June25, 1946
(Macnab). SouthernOregon: North slope of SiskiyouSummit,June9, 1947 (F);StoreGulchForestCamp,SiskiyouNationalForest,1,190ft.,August8, 1948 (A & F).
Cascades: Mount Hood-Hood River,June(Cole); Still Creek,3,600 ft.,July17, 1947
(F); HorsetailFalls, August9, 1946 (A & F). Cascadia,August(Cole); House RockForestCamp, S. Santiam, 1,600 ft., August 2, 1948 (Macnab). Blue Mts.: Upper
Walla Walla River,near Milton,August17, 1948 (A).
PrionoceraoregonicaAlexander,1943.-Wallowas: AneroidLake, 7,500 ft.,July25,
1929 (Scullen); type. In the originaldescription,erroneously
indicatedas beingin theBlue Mountains.
Nephrotomaferruginea(Fabricius, 1805) .- Cascades: Hood River, June 3-15
(Cole); Tumalo Creek,Bend, August 15, 1948 (A). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900

26

THE AMERICAN MIDLAND

NATURALIST

51 (1)

ft.,June7, 1949 (Baker); Baker,3,400 ft.,September12, 1948 (Baker); Dixie, May
18, 1949 (Davis); Ri-eth,Umatilla River,July5, 1948 (A). Wallowas: Enterprise,
3,750 ft.,July28, 1929 (Scullen); Lazy T Ranch, July14, 1949 (Sperry); FrenchCamp,LostineValley,5,300 ft.,July8, 1949 (Sperry).
Nephrotomalugens erythrophrys(Williston, 1893) .-Blue Mts.: AnthonyLake,
7,100 ft., August9, 1929 (Scullen); DutchflatTrail, AnthonyLake, 7,100-7,850ft.,
August8, 1929 (Scullen); NorthPowderRiver,3,800 ft.,June27, 1928 (A); Sprinig
Creek,3,900 ft.,July31, 1949 (Baker). Wallowas: Joseph(Cole auct.). Steen Mts.:
Fish Lake, 7,000 ft.,June25, 1922 (W. J.Chamberlin).
Nephrotomaoccidentalis(Doane, 1908).-Coast: Neskowin,August 13, 1948
(James); Tillamook,September19-21,1949 (Davis).
Tiplula (Bellardina) aspersaDoane, 1912.-Coast: Marshfield,
September14, 1934
(Melander); Neskowin,August13-19,1948 (James), WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta.
3, September13,. 1946, September3, 1947, September11, 1948; Sta. 3A, September
10-18,1945, September17-October1, 1946, September13, 1948 (F). Albrights,
Dayton,September19, 1946 (F). Cascades: MountHood-BearCreek,1,400 ft.,August 1,
1948 (F); BeaverCreek,1,150 ft.,August7, 1946 (A & F); belowtimberline,
5,100ft.,August7, 1946 (A & F). MetoliusRiver,August3, 1948 (A & F); Salt Creek
Falls, 3,800 ft.,August7, 1948 (A & F); Willis Creek,N. Santiam,August17, 1947
(F).
A characteristic
late seasoninhabitantof the alder-skunk
cabbageassociation.
Tipula (Bella7dina) gothicanaAlexander,1943.-WillametteValley: Silver Creek
Falls, on wetcliffnearfalls,950 ft.,August2, 1948 (A & F). Cascades: MountHood,
altitude3,000 ft.,July29, 1921 (Melander). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,June
26, 1948 (A); Pine Creek,4,400 ft.,June25, 1948 (A & Baker).
Tipula (Bellardina) jepsoniAlexander,1945.-Wallowas: Wallowa Lake, July14,
1947 (Davis); 2 smallmales.
Tipula (Bellardina) josephus sp. nov.-Generallysimilarto commiscibilis
Doane,
1912 (Alberta,Wyoming,Colorado,Utah, New Mexico), differing
conspicuously
in theof th, male hypopygium.
structured. Length,about20-21mm.;wing,20-22 mm.
9 . Length,about22-25 mm.;wing19-23mm.
Praescutum
buffy,
the dark graystripesboideredby dark brown,the lateralmargins
broadlydarkened;scutallobeswiththe entirecenters
darkbrown;a narrowbrowncentral
line on scut-Ilumand mediotergite.
Abdomenchieflylightreddishbrown,vaguelypatternedwithdarker.
Male hypopygium
havingthe essentialcharactersof commiscibilis,that is, withthe
ilinthtergitetransverse,
the medianarea broadlymembranous,
the long narrowlaterallobes providedwithdense black setae. Outer dististylea large scoop-likestructure,thewhitenedouterface with few setae, the concaveinnerface with abundantlong black
setae; innerdististyle
relatively
small and inconspicuous.
In commiscibilis.-Ninthtergitewiththe blackenedsetae abundantbut short. Outer
witha sclerotized
dististylebasal plate thatterminatesin a strongspineor hook,directed
laterad;outerend of styleextendedinto a shorthornypoint. Inner dististylea longslenderrod,its base dilatedand providedwithlong setae. Aedeagusa simplerod, without a basal projection.
In losephtus.-Ninthtergitewiththe blackenedsetae denserand muchlonger. Outerdististylewithoutthe sclerotizedbasal armature.Inner dististylerelativelysmall andstout,the outerhalf slightlymorenarrowedthan the base. Aedeaguswitha powerfulbispinouslobe at base of lowermargin.
Ovipositorof josephuswiththe cerciblack,the acutetipspaler. In commiscibilis,
thecercipale brown,the tipsnarrowly
obtuse.
Holotype,8, Lee MotleyRanch,Durkee,August28-30, 1940 (Lee Motley& R. L.
Post); typein Oregon State Agricultural
College. Allotopotype,9 . Par'aopotypes,afew 8 SC,withthetypes.
The speciesis namedforChiefJosephthe younger,leaderof the Nez Perce Indian
warof 1877. The 1,400 miler.etreatof thegreatchiefand his peopleis one of the outstandingeventsin Americanhistory.Josephdied in 1904 and is buriedat Nespelem,on theColvilleIndianReservation.
Washington,
Tipula (Bellardina) pacificaDoane, 1912.-Coast: Alsea Mt., May 23, 1931
(Sctcllen); Brookings,July 9, 1925 (Scullen); Gunaldo Falls, June 6, 1949 (F);Yachats,May 30, 1949 (Davis). Cascades: MountHood-BearCreek,1,400 ft.,August

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

27

1, 1948 (A); North forkof Iron Creek,July30, 1948 (F); Salmon River,July30,
1948 (F). Odell Lake, 4,760 ft.,August6, 1948, in spider'sweb (A).
Tipula (Bellardina) rastristyla
Alexander,1945.-Coast: Gunaldo Falls, Sourgrass
Creek,April27, 1949 (F). HithertoonlyfromSnoqualmieFalls, Washington.
Tipula (Bellardina) subcinereaDoane, 1901.-Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,
May 30, 1948, May 8-9, 1949 (Baker). Wallowas: Wallowa Creek,4,635 ft.,June28,
1948 (M. M. Alexander).
Tipula (Schummelia)subtenuicornis
Doane, 1901.-Coast: Gunaldo Falls, July14,
1949 (F). WillametteValley: McMinnville,July 16, 1933 (Macnab); Silver Creek
Falls, July8, 1949 (F & Davis). Cascades: MountHood-ClearLake, 3,300 ft.,August
8, 1946 (F); Horsethief
Meadows,3,400 ft.,July18, 1947 (A); Still Creek,3,600 ft.,
July16-17,1947, July31, 1948 (A & F). Big Meadows,August3, 1948 (A & F);
N. SantiamHighway,May 30, 1949 (F); Lost Prairie,3,700 ft.,August3, 1948 (A& F); MetoliusSpring,August4, 1948 (A & F); Odell Lake, 4,760 ft.,August6,
1948, restingon treetrunks(A); Salt CreekFalls, 3,800 ft.,July14, 1947, August7,
1948 (A). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,June24-26, 1948 (A), June5-15, 1949
(Baker). Wallowas: Wallowa Lake, 4,410 ft.,June28, 1948 (A).
Tipala (Tipula) carinataDoane, 1901.-WillametteValley: Corvallis,October26November21 (Cole auct.); McMinnville,October20, 1942, at light(Macnab), October
15-28,1945, at light(F).
Tipula (Tipula) spenceriana
Alexander,1943.-Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,
August29-September
19, 1948 (Baker); La Grande,September11, 1948 (Davis).
Tipula (Yamatotipula)cognataDoane, 1901.-Cascades: Odell Lake, PrincessCreek
ForestCamp, 4,760 ft.,August6, 1948 (A); restingon tree trunks.Lobes of ninth
tergiteof male hypopygium
somewhatlongerand moreslenderthan in othermaterial
determinedas being this speciesbut agreeingin otherregards. Wallowas: Wallowa
Lake, 4,410 ft.,June29, 1948 (A).
Tipula (Yamatotipula)colteri
Alexander,1943.-Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,
April8, 1949 (Baker); Tollgate,LangdonLake, June8, 1949 (Baker & Lane).
Tipula (Yamatotipula)continentalis
Alexander,1941.-Coast: Gunaldo Falls, SourgrassCreek,April 27, May 13, 1949 (F); High Heaven, May 4, 1947 (F); Marys
Peak, June1, 1946 (F). WillametteValley: SilverCreek,950 ft.,August2, 1948 (A),July8, 1949 (F). SouthernOregon: Ashland-Lakeof the Woods, July10, 1945 (F).
Cascades: Mount Hood-Streambelowtimberline,
5,000 ft.,July16, 1947 (A); Sahale
Falls, 4,575 ft.,July17, 1947 (A & F); Tilly JaneCreek,5,600 ft.,July30, 1948,
ovipositing
in wet earthat streammargin(Macnab). Salt Creek Falls, 3,800 ft.,July
14, 1947 (M. M. Alexander);SunshineShelter,Three Sisters,6,000 ft.,July12, 1936
(R. E. Rieder). CraterLake-PoleCreek Meadows, 5,900 ft., August 7, 1948 (A).
Wallowas: AneroidLake trail,7,000 ft.,July26, 1949 (Baker).
Tipula (Yamatotipula) edrnundsiAlexander,1948.-Willamette Valley: Peavine,
Sta. 1, April 23, 1946, April 12, 1947 (F). Happy Valley,April 14, 1946 (F). Blue
Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,April 26-May 9, 1949 (Baker).
Tipula (Yamatotipula) near fulvilineata
Doane, 1912 (graphicaDoane, 1901).Coast: Wallace Bridge,May 25, 1947 (Davis); a singlefemale,the male sex neededfor
full identification.
Tipula (Yamatotipula) spernaxspernaxOsten Sacken, 1877.-WillametteValley:
Peavine,Sta. 2, April 16, 1947; Sta. 3, May 2-14, 1945, May 16, 1946 (F). Corvallis,
May 8, 1929 (V. T. Shattuck);April 19, May 5 (Cole auct.); Happy Valley, April
14, 1946 (F); McMinnville,April 18, 1947 (F). SouthernOregon: O'Brien,August
9, 1948 (A & F); Ashland-Lakeof theWoods, June10, 1945 (F). Cascades: Prospect,
May 23, 1921 (Dyar). CraterLake-HuckleberryMt., 6,000 ft.,July15, 1927 (E. P.
Sipe). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,May 9, 1949 (Baker).
Tipula (Yamatotipula) spernaxlanei Alexander,1940.-Cascades: Mount HoodHood RiverMeadows,4,475 ft.,July31, 1948 (A).
Tipula (Trichotipula)dorsolineata
Doane, 1901.-Wallowas: Enterprise,
August 16,
1949 (G. H. Sperry);Lazy T Ranch,4,500 ft.,August24, 1949 (Muriel Osborn).
Tipula (Trichotipula)macrophallus(Dietz, 1918).-Coast: High Heaven, June722, 1945, July12, 1949 (F); Humbug MountainState Park, August 11, 1948 (F);
TessieM. HoneymanState Park, August 12, 1948 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,
Sta. 1, July18, 1946; Sta. 3, July12, 1945, August13, 1946 (F). ForestGrove,July
8 (Cole); Happy Valley,August6, 1946 (F); McMinnville,August 1943 (Macnab),July10-12,1946, June30, 1948 (F). SouthernOregon: StoreGulch ForestCamp, Sis-

28

THE

AMERICAN MIDLAND

NATURALIST

51 (1)

kiyouNationalForest,August8, 1948 (A & F). Cascades: MountHood-Eagle Creek,
July18-19,1947 (A & F), abundantat lights;OneontaGorge,August9, 1946 (A &F). Bend, August5-15, 1948 (A); Metolius-River,August3, 1948 (A & F); IndianFord,3,240 ft.,August5, 1948 (A & F). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,Augulst
18-29,September
26, 1948 (Baker); Pendleton,
July5, 1948 (A); Southforkof Upper
Walla Walla River,1,450 ft.,July4, 1948 (A). Wallowas: JohnsonPark, Wallowa
River,August20, 1948 (A).
Tipula (Trichotipula)repulsaAlexander,1943.-Coast: Gales Creek,Wilson River,
September5, 1948 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 3A, September
9, 1948 (F).
Tipula (Trichotipula)rusticolaDoane, 1912.-Coast: High Heaven,August6, 1946
(A & F). Cascades: MountHood-Hood Riverside,at 3,000 ft.,July29, 1921 (Melander); Hood RiverMeadows,4,500 ft.,July31, 1948 (F). Trout CreekForestCamp,
1,245 ft.,August2, 1948 (F).
Tipula (Arctotipula) bakeriana sp. nov.-Size large (wingover 18 mm.); mesonotalpraescutum
withthe groundcoloryellow,grayon the sides,withfourconspicuous
brownishblack stripes,the intermediatepair separatedby a capillarygroundline; setaeof notumsmall and inconspicuous;pleura and pleurotergite
gray,the dorsopleural
membrane orange-yellow;
legs with tips of femoraand tibiaebroadlyblackened;wingspale
yellow,the prearcularand costal fieldsmore saturated;stigmadark brown;certainof
the veinsseamedwithbrown,moreconspicuous
beyondthe cord,especiallyin the outerradial field;veinsglabrous;Rs about twicem-cu;abdomenbrownto reddishbrown,thetergiteswith a nearlycontinuousdark browncentralstripe,the lateraltergal borders
paler; male hypopygium
withthe tergiteproducedinto two slenderspines;outerdististylerelatively
narrow,morethan twiceas long as broad; innerdististylecomplex,theouterbasal lobe a longslenderspine.
.
about
17-18
8 Length,
mm.;wing,19-20mm.;antennaabout3 mm.
Y. Length,about 19 mm.;wing,20 mm.
Frontalprolongationof head gray,narrowlyorangeon sides at apex; nasus elongate;
palpi black. Antennaerelativelyshort,black, scape gray pruinose;flagellarsegments
short,narrewedoutwardly,
the basal enlargements
scarcelyindicated;segmentssubequalin lengthto the verticils.Head gray,clearergray adjoiningthe eyes; vertexwith anarrowblackmedianstripe,slightly
widenedbehind;verticaltubercleverylow to scarcely
apparent;surfaceof head withshortblacksetae,moreabundanton genae.
Pronotumgray,narrowly
darkenedmedially.Mesonotalpraescutum
withthe groundyellow,grayon the sides,withfourconspicuous
brownishblack stripes,the intermediatepair separatedby a capillarygroundvittathatdoes not reachthe suturebehind;scutum
more obscurebrownishyellow,each lobe with two dark areas, the more anteriorone
smallerbut more intense;scutellumgray,infuscatedmedially;postnotumgray; mediotergitewith the centralportionvaguelymoredarkened;setae of mesonotum
small andijnconspicuous.
Pleura and pleurotergite
gray,the dorsopleuralmembraneorange-yellow;
pleura nearlyglabrous. Halteres withstemobscureyellow,brighterat base, the knob
dark brown. Legs with coxae gray pruinose,with long pale setae; trochanters
gray;,
femorabrownishyellowbasally,withapproximately
the outerhalf blackened;tibiae andbasitarsibrown,passingintoblack at tips,remainderof tarsiblack; claws (male) weakly
toothed.Wings pale yellow,the prearcularand costalfieldsmoresaturated;stigmadarkbrown,moreyellowedat proximalend; mostveinsseamedwithdarker,moreconspicuous
beyondthe cord,especiallyin the outerradial fieldand alongveins'Cu and m-cu;veinsbrown,paler in the brightened
portions,especiallythe prearcularfield. Veins glabrous,
eveniR4?^ withscarcelyany trichia.Venation: Rs about twicem-ctunearlystraight;
R1+? entire;m longerthan the petioleof cell M1; m-cuat or close to forkof M2+4'
Abdominaltergites
brownto reddishbrown,the basal segmentgraypruinose;a conspicuousdarkbrowncentralstripe,not or scarcelyinterrupted
at the posteriorbordersof
segtients;lateraltergalborderspaler; outersegments,
includinghypopygium,
moreextenof male hypopygium
sivelydarkened;ninthtergite
black,the stylifulvous;sternites
chiefly
reddishgray,with a brokendark browncentralstripe,the ar.easappearingas elongate
triangles
thatare widenedbehind. Male hypopygium(Fig. 1) withthe ninthtergite,
9t,
thencegraduallynarrowed;posterior
relatively
small,broadestat near midlength,
borderproducedintotwo long slenderglabrousspinesthat are slightlydecurved,the emarginationbetweenthemU-shaped; surfaceof tergitewithabundantdense black setae. Outerdististyle
relatively
narrow,morethan twiceas long as broad,obtuseat tip, the surface
withscattered
black setae. Innerdististyle,id, complex,the mainblade or beak broadest,

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

29

witha smallerlobuleon outermargin;behindthe base of thisblade witha secondmore
slenderrod-likestructurethat narrowsto a point,the outermarginbeforeapex witha
outerbasal lobe a long slenderspine
spur-likepoint,the innermargindenselyfimbriate;that narrowsgraduallyto an acute point. Aedeagus black,pale at tip, subtendedby
small,weaklyspatulategonapophyses,
g. Eighthsternite
unarmed.Ovipositorwithcerci
nearlystraight,
compressed-flattened,
the tips obtuse;hypovalvaeveryshort,subtriangularin lateraloutline.
Holotype, 8, Spring Creek, Blue Mountains,3,900 ft., April 10, 1949 (J. H.
Baker). All,topotype,YS,pinnedwithtype. Paratopotypes,
3 , 0, withthe types;5Y
Y, April24-May9, 1949 (J. H. Baker).
I takegreatpleasurein namingthisfinespeciesforMr. JamesH. Baker,whosecoop2rationin makingknownthe crane-fliesof easternOregonhas been greatlyappreciated.
Amongthe otherregionalmembersof the subgenusthe flyis most similarto Tipulain all detailsof structure(Arctotipula)semideaAlexander,differingof the male hypopygiumand in othercharacters.
Tipula (Arctotipula)illustrisDoane, 1901 (Prionocerafuscipennis
Loew, 1865, pre-

id

9t

9t
Fig. 1.-Tipula (Arctotipula)bakerianasp. nov.,male hypopygium.
a-aedeagus, b-basistyle, d-cdististyle,g-gonapophysis,i-interbase,id-inner dististyle,od-outer dististyle,p-phallosome,s-sternite,t-tergite,vd -ventraldististyle.
SYMBOLS:

30

THE AMERICAN MIDLAND

NATURALIST

51 (1)

Lake, March
Curtis,1834).-Willamette Valley: Jenkins
occupiedby Tipula fuscipennis
29, 1939 (F. E. Kimmey). SteensMts.: FrenchGlen, June12, 1947 (F).
Tipula (Arctotipula)plutonisAlexander,1919 (absarokaAlexander,1943).-Southern Oregon: Ashland-Lakeof the Woods, June 10, 1945, August8, 1948 (F). Cascades: Mount Hood-Bear Springs,3,200 ft., June 15, 1946 (A & F); Hood River
Meadows,4,500 ft.,June12, 1941 (Lane), July31, 1948 (A & F). Dutchman'sFlat,
Drive,6,100 ft.,August5, 1948 (A & F); MetoliusRiver,June15, 1947 (F).
Century
Garden,6,800 ft.,July 12, 1947 (A); Pole Creek Meadows,
CraterLake-Castlecrest
5,900 ft.,August3, 1946 (A). Blue Mts.: AnthonyLake, 7,000 ft., June 12, 1939
(Lane & Lanchester),June27, 1948 (A & Baker); Granite,5,500 ft.,June21, 1945
(Lane); LangdonLake, 4,970 ft.,July2-4, 1948 (A), July17, 1948 (Lane), June8,
1949 (Baker & Lane); MottetRangerStation,June29, 1939 (Lanchester).
Tipula (Arctotipula)semideaAlexander,1944.-Willamette Valley: Silver Creek(Fig. 2) is shown. Ninth
Falls, May 17, 1939 (Scullen); type. The male hypopygium
small,depressed;caudal marginwitha broad and deep U-shaped
9t, relatively
tergite,9t .::~

~

~~~~9

9s
b-

o-od

---id

Fig. 2.-Tipula (Arctotipula)semideaAlexander,male hypopygium(See fig. 1 forof symbols).
explanation

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

31

their tips obtusely rounded, pronotch, the yellow lateral lobes thin, depressed-flattened,vided with conspicuous yellow setae; ventrad of each la'teral lobe with a shorter andbroader compressed dark-co!oredblade or lobe, lying more nearly vertically,covered with
abundant setae. Outer dististyle, od, broadly flattened,its greatest breadth about onehalf the length. Inner dististyle,id, very simple in structure,with a small blackened
tooth at base, the apex of beak obtuse. The hypopygiumis shown from lateral, dorsal
and ventral aspects.
Mts.: Anthony Lake, 7,100Tipula (Vestiplex) leucophaea Doane, 1901.-Blue
8,650 ft., August 3-4, 1929 (Scullen); Oregon State Agricultural College.
Tipula (Oreomnyza) alia Doane, 1911 (olia erroneously).-Coast: High Heaven,
June 22, 1945 (F); Salmon River, near Boyer, August 12, 1948 (F). Willamette Valley: Peavine, Sta. 1, July 26, 1946; Sta. 3, July 11, 1945, June 26-July 21, 1946 (F).
Fort Klamath, June 25,
Cascades: Mount Hood-Horsetail Falls, August 9, 1946 (A).

1939 (Aitken).
Tipula (Oreomyza) appendiculataLoew, 1863 (derelictaDietz, 1914; gaspensis

Alexander, 1929; stalactoides Doane, 1901).-Blue5, 1949 (Baker).

Mts.: Spring Creek, 3,900 ft., June

dorothea sp. nov.-Belongs to the borealis (unca) group;
TiDula (Oreoniyza)
general coloration of mesonotum light gray, the praescutum with a pair of brown intermediate stripes and II-shaped lateral ones; scutellum with a median dark vitta; mediotergitewith a pair of dark spots on disk; pleura gray, yellowed posteriorly,with a shortbrown stripe on the dorsal pleurites; antennae (male) elongate, black, the scape andpedicel light yellow; femora and tibiae obscure yellow, the tips narrowlyblackened; wings
whitishsubhyaline,conspicuouslypatternedwith pale brown and darker bzrown;abdominal
tergiteswith the lateral and caudal margins broadly yellow, the disk with three darkbrown stripes; hypopygium chiefly dark brown; ninth tergite with posterior border oneither side produced into an unequally bispinous blackened structure;beak of inner dististyle slender, slightly upcurved; dorsal crest with abundant setae, those nearest beaklonger; upper process a flattenedobtuse blade; lower process a broad pale blade, triangularly dilated at near midlength,thence narrowed and paling into membrane; gonapophysis long and slender, tapering to the very narrow beaklike apex; eighth sterniteweakly
trilobed, the broad subtruncatemedian portion with a brush of longer yellow setae.
8. Length, about 15-16 mm.; wing, 14-16 mm.; antenna about 6.5-7 mm.
Y . Length, about 17 mm.; wing, 17 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head light brown on sides, narrowly light gray above; nasus
elongate; palpi with basal two segments dark brown, the remainder paler. Antennae(male) elongate, as shown by the measurements;scape and pedicel light yellow, flagellum
black; basal enlargementsof segments small, verticils much shorter than the segments.
Head light gray, the vertexwith three brown spots, the median one linear.
Pronotum gray, with three brown areas. Mesonotal praescutum light gray, with apair of brown intermediatestripes and fl -haped lateral lines that enclose darker graycenters; posterior sclerites of notum gray, the scutal lobes each with two brown areas,
the more posteriorone more circular; scutellum with a median vitta; mediotergitewith apair of dark spots on disk, the posterior border with two further confluent dark6ned
areas; pleurotergiteweakly pruinose, the katapleurotergitemore infuscated on its margins.
Pleura with the mesepisternumgray, the sternopleuritedarker ventrally,the metepimeronand metapleura pale yellow; a brown stripe on dorsal pleurites,extending from the cervical region,across the propleura and anepisternumto about midwidth of the latter; dorsopleural membranepale yellow. Halteres with stem yellow, knob infuscated. Legs with thecoxae grayish yellow, more or less darkened basally, trochantersyellow; femora and tibiae
blackened; tarsi yellowish brown, passing into brownish
obscure yellow, the tips n-arrowly
black; claws (male) toothed. Wings whitish subhyaline on disk, the posterior borderpale brown; dark pattern heavy and contrasted,including darker areas at arculus, originof Rs and stigma, with somewhat paler brown clouds at one-thirdthe length of cell R,
in outer radial field, and as paired spots on basal half of cell Cu, the spots alternatingwith the white ground areas; veins brown, more brownish yellow in the ground areas.
Venation: m longer than the petiole of cell M1.
Abdominal tergitesconspicuously patterned,the lateral and posteriormargins broadly
yellow, the disk more brownish yellow with three dark brown stripes, the broad central
one conspicuously interruptedat the posteriorborders; sternitesinfuscated medially, paleron sides, the posteriorborders yellow; hypopygiumchieflydark brown. Male hypopygium(Fig. 3) with the ninth tergite,9t, elongate, its posteriorborder on either side produced

32

THE

AMERICAN MIDLAND

51 (1)

NATURALIST

into an uniequallybispinious
blackenedstructure.Outer dististyle,od, relativelybroad,slightlynarrowedoutwardly,the tip subtruncate.Inner dististyle,id, with the beakslender,slightly
upcurved;dorsalcrestwithabundantsetae,thosenearestbeak longerandmiiorebent,the posteriorones shorterbut still long and conspicuous;lowerprocessof
stylea broad blade thatgraduallywidensto beyondmidlength
whereit is moreor lesstriangularly
dilated,thencenarrowedand palingintohyalinemembrane,
the membranous
portionshorterthan the moredarkenedbase; upper processa flattenedblade, its apex
darkened,obtuseto slightlysubacute.Gonapophysis,g, long and slender,weaklyangulated on basal third,thenceverygraduallynarrowedto the veryslenderbeaklikeapex.
Eighth sternite,
8s, with caudal marginweaklytrilobed,the wide subtruncatedmedianportionwitha brushof long yellowsetae,the low laterallobes withmuchshortersetae.
Holotype, , Elk Lake, Cascades,4,900 ft.,August5, 1948 (Fender). Allotopotype,
1 8; paratype,1 ,, Dutchman'sFlat, Three SistersArea, 6,100 ft.,
Q. Paratopotype,
August4, 1948 (Fender).
This interesting
crane-flyis named for Mrs. KennethM. Fender (DorothyMcKeyFender), mostcapable botanistand studentof earthworms,
who has collectedseveralof
the specimensdiscussedin thisreport.The nearestallies are Tipula (Oreomyza) clathrata Dietz and T. (O.) newcomeri
Doane, whichdifferespeciallyin the structureof themale hypopygia.
Tipula (Oreomyza) fallax Loew, 1863.-Coast: Salmon River,near Boyer,August
12, 1948 (F). WillametteValley: Corvallis,April 18-May9 (Cole auct.).
Tipula (Oreomyza) yellowstonensis
Alexander, 1946.-Cascades: Tumalo Creek,

Itij|

j0

/~~~~~~~~~~~od

8s

i.0

-id

8s
Figs. 3, 4.-Male hypopygia:3. Tipula (Oreomyza) dorotheasp. nov.; 4. T. (0.)
of symbols).
bakerisp. nov. (See fig.1 forexplanation

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

33

Bend, 3,610 ft.,August 15, 1948 (A). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,August5,
1949 (Baker). Wallowas: JohnsonPark, Wallowa River,2,750 ft.,August20, 1948
(A).
Tipula (Oreomyza) accurataAlexander,1927 (johannusAleander, 1945) .-Blue
Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft., June24-26, 1948 (A & Baker). Wallowas: Lazy T
Ranch,4,500 ft.,July15, 1949 (Sperry).
Tipula (Oreomyza) bakeri sp. nov.-Size small (wing,male, about 11 mm.);withfournarrow
gray,thevertexwitha centralbrownline; praescutum
generalcoloration
darkeningfromof notumwitha nearlycontinuous
sclerites
entirebrownstripes;posterior
the sutureto the abdomen;pleura clear gray;femoraobscureyellow,the tips vaguelymoredarkened;wingsfaintlytingedwithgray,the centersof the outerradial cells,particularlyR9 and RK, morestrongly
darkened;stigmadarkerbrown;no squamal setae;
black,
brownishchiefly
RK1 entire;abdominalsternites
Rs nearlytwiceas long as R
the tergitesand hypopygium yellowed; male hypopygiuLm with the tergite large, entirely

borderwitha deep and narrowU-shaped notch,the truncatedlobes
pale, its posterior
unusuallyglabrous;basistylenot produced;outer dististyleelongate,with conspicuous
the marginwithfivelobes, the lateralsheathing,
only moderately
setae; eighthsternite
pair of lobes appearingas setiferous
pair low, providedwithsparsesetae; intermediate
four or five longerand stronger;
cushions,with abundantlong setae, the outermost
setulae.
thatis denselycoveredwithmicroscopic
extension
medianlobe a tonguelike
8. Length,about 10 mm.;wing,10-11mm.;antenna,about3 mm.
of head;of head obscureyellow,nearlyas long as remainder
Frontalprolongation
nasus long and slender;palpi brown,the terminalsegmentsomewhatdarker. Antennae
brownishblack; basal flagel(male) withthe long scape yellow;pedicelbrown;flagellum
slightlyindithe succeedingones withthe basal enlargements
lar segmentsubcylindrical,
cated but the segmentsonly feeblyincised;longestverticilsa littleshorterthan thesegments.Head lightgray,the centerof the vertexwith a brownline, the sublateraldarkened;verticaltubercleverylow.
vertexless distinctlyof the posterior
portions
gray,withfournarrowentirebrownstripes,
Pronotumgray. Mesonotalpraescutumnear suture;posteriorscleritesof notumlightthe intermediatepair narrowlyconfluent
fromthe sutureto the abdomen;
gray,witha nearlyentirecentraldarkeningextending
clear gray;scutal lobes each with two unequal brownareas. Pleura and pleurotergite
the knob morestrongly
membranepale yellow.Halteresweaklyinfuscated,dorsopleuralyellow;femoraobscureyellow,the tips
so. Legs withthe coxae lightgray;trochantersdarkof legs yellow,the terminaltarsalsegments
veryvaguelymoredarkened;remainder
brownor brownishblack; claws (male) toothed.Wings faintlytingedwith gray,thedarkened;stigma
centersof the outerradial cells,especiallyRK,and Rq, morestrongly
oval, darkerbrown;veins brown. No stigmalor squamal setae; veins with numerous
withtrichia
long,nearlytwiceR9+?; R1+9; preserved,
trichia.Venation: Rs moderately
on morethan the proximalhalf; cell 1st MS9 narrow;cell M1 deep, its petioleaboutbroad.
one-halfm; cell 2nd A moderately
Abdominaltergitesyellowish,the more proximalones weaklydarkenedmedially;
black,the lateralbordersbroadlymoreyellowed;
darkbrownor brownish
sternites
chiefly
9t, large,entirely(Fig. 4) withthe ninthtergite,yellow.Male hypopygium
hypopygium
borderwitha deep and narrowU-shaped
the posteriorpale, gentlynarrowedoutwardly,
notch,the much broaderlaterallobes truncatedat tips, unusuallyglabrous,especially'lobuLle. Basistyle
9s, a small setiferous
near the margins.Appendageof ninthsternites,
od, elongate,pale,
not at all produced,as in alta, mandanand others.Outer dististyle,onesshorter.Innerdististyle,id,setaeoverthe entirelength,the outermost
withscatteredwiththe beak blackened,twistednear apex, slender,the lowerbeak heavilyblackened,roughened;outerbasal lobe broad,its innermarginknoblike,its surfacemicroscopicallythe mostbasal one largest.Eighthsternite,
withthreestrongsetae frombasal tubercles,
borderwithfivelobes,
posteriorsheathing;
onlymoderately
conformation,Ss, of distinctive
the lateralpair relatively
short,providedwitha few small scatteredsetae only; insidecloseset of setiferous
cushions,each bearingnumerous
the lateralpair lie an intermediate
fifthlobe afouror fivemuch longerand stronger;
set long pale setae,the outermost
setulae.
mediantonguelike
appendagethatis denselyprovidedwithmicroscopic
Holotype,c, FrenchForestCamp, LostineValley,Wallowas, 5,500 ft.,August 19,
1948 (Alexander). Paratypes,a 8, Tumalo Creek,Bend, 3,160 ft.,August 15, 1948
(Alexander); Spring Creek, Blue Mts., 3,900 ft., August 29, 1948, July 31, 1949
(Baker); Austin,4,000 ft.,August10, 1929 (Scullen); Lazy T Ranch,Wallowas,4,500

34

THE

AMERICAN MIDLAND NJ1TURALIST

51 (1)

ft.,August30, 1949 (Sperry); Wallowa Lake, 4,500 ft.,July25, 1929 (Scullen); Antelope Mt., Steen Mts., 6,500 ft.,July6, 1931 (D. K. Frewing).
The speciesis namedforMr. JamesH. Baker,to whomm-ch of our knowledgeof
the crane-fliesof the Blue Mts. is due. The flyseemsto fall in the groupof species
containing
Tipula (Oreomyza) nzandanAlexanderand T. (O.) alta Doane, differinginhypopygialcharactersand in all detailsof coloration.It is likewisequite distinctfrom
T. (O.) accurataAlexander,and variousrelatedforms.
Tipula (Oreomyza) helvocincta
Doane, 1901.-Cascades: SistersArea-ThreeCreek
Lake road, belowBrokenTop Mountain,Todd Lake, 6,000 ft.,August3, 1948 (Macnab); nearDutchman'sFlat, 6,100 ft.,August5, 1948 (A & F).
Tipula (Oreomyza) mandanAlexander,1915 (perexiguaAlexander,1924).-Blue
Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,June24-27, 1948 (A & Baker); Whitney,June19, 1949
(Baker).
Tipula (Oreomyza) pseudotruncorum
Alexander, 1920.-Coast: Saddle Mt.,
(Boyer), June 13, 1936 (Macnab). Cascades: Mount Hood-Hood River Meadows,
4,500 ft.,July17, 1947 (M. M. Alexander);Tilly JaneCreek,5,600 ft.,July18, 1947,
July29-30, 1948 (A & F); Timberline
Lodge, 5,500 ft.,August7, 1946, July16, 1947
(F). Dutchman'sFlat, CenturyDrive, 6,300 ft., August 5, 1948 (A). CraterLakenear Annie Springs,6,000 ft.,August2, 1946 (M. M. Alexander); along Lake trail,
6,300-6,500ft.,July12, 1947 (A). Blue Mts.: HorseshoeLake, 7,500 ft., July26,
1929 (Scullen).
Tipula (Oreomyza) shoshoneAlexander,1946.-Coast: Cascade Head Experimental
Forest,May 23, 1948 (F); Gunaldo Falls, May 13-June30, 1949 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, May 7-29, 1945, May 11, 1946, May 23, 1947; Sta. 2, May
17, 1949; Sta. 4, May 17, 1946 (F). Muddy Valley,McMinnville,May 3, 1945 (F).
Cascades: MountHood-EagleCreek,June15, 1925 (Melander).
Tipula (Oreomyza) tristisDoane, 1901.-WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 2, April
16, 1947 (F). Corvallis,April26, 1908 (Laura Hill); FernRidge Dam, April4, 1947
(Malkin & Shotwell); ForestGrove,May 5 (Cole); McMinnville,April 13, 1947 (F);Philomath,May 13, 1917 (Entermille).
Tipula (Lunatipula) acuta Doane, 1901.-Willamette Valley: Peavine,Sta. 1, May
1945, May 11, 1946 (F). CorvallisMay 24, 1908 (Laura Hill), April 30, 1913
(Roberts),June25, 1929 (Scullen); McMinnville,May 13, 1945 (F); Muddy Valley,
McMinnville,June7, 1945 (F). SouthernOregon: Cave Junction,
1,350 ft.,May 17,
1947 (Malkin).
Tipula (Lunatipula) aequalis Doane, 1901.-WillametteValley: ForestGrove,July
22 (Cole); Salem,May 1-5,1947, reared,June7, 1948 (J. W. Bell).
Tipula (Lunatipula) albofasciaDoane, 1901 (biarmataDoane, 1912).-WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, May 18, 1946, May 22, 1947, June7, 1948 (F). Corvallis,
May 22, 1898 (Kincaid), type. SouthernOregon: Cave Junction,
1,350 ft.,August27,1948 (Bowerman);South slope of SiskiyouSummit,June8, 1947 (F).
Tipula (Lunatipula) armataDoane, 1901 (varia Doane, 1901, Y ). -Coast: HighHeaven, June22, 1945, July12, 1949 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, May
11-24,1946, Sta. 3, June8-July13, 1945, May 24, 1947, June6, 1949; Sta. 3A, June
11-July
13, 1946 (F). Corvallis(Cole auct.); ForestGrove,May 17 (Cole). Southern
Oregon: Northslope of SiskiyouSummit,June9, 1947 (F). Cascades: Mount HoodBear Springs,3,200 ft.,August8-9, 1946 (F); Kelly Creek,June22, 1947 (F); Metolius River,August3, 1948 (A & F); Prospect,May 28-30,1921 (Dyar).
Tipula (Lunatipula) bisetosaDoane, 1901.-Blue Mts.: Blue Mt., July25, 1948
(Davis); SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,August22, 1948, June30, July31, 1949 (Baker);
Pine Creek.4,000 ft.,August22, 1948 (Baker); Pendleton,along Umatilla River,July5, 1948 (A). Wallowas: Johnson
Park,Wallowa River,2,750 ft.,July2, 1948, in denseriverside
thickets(A); Lazy T Ranch,July15, 1949 (Sperry).
Tipula (Lunatipula) calcarata Doane, 1901.-Cascades: Mount Hood-Timberline
Lodge, 5,500 ft., amongmountainhemlock,August7, 1946 (A & F). CraterLake,
withoutexactstation,July29, 1921 (Dyar); Mount McLoughlin,June25, 1939 (Aitken& Bohart).
Tipula (Lunatipula) californica(Doane, 1908).-Willamette Valley: Peavine,without exactstation,May 2, 1946 (F). ClackamasCo., May 15, 1946 (J. F. Bock); Cor25 (Cole auct.); ForestGrove,May 20 (Cole); Medford,
vallis,1897; June2, September

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEA35

OF OREGONMay 20, 1921 (Dyar). SouthernOregon: North slope of SiskiyouSummit,June9,
1947 (F).
Tipula (Lunatipula) diabolica sp. nov.-Size above medium(wing, 8, 16-18mm.); mesonotalpraesc*utum
yellowish
gray,withfourverypoorlydifferentiatedbrownishyellowstripesthat are narrowly
borderedby reddishyellow;antennaewithbasal threesegments
yellow,remainderof flagellumchieflyblack; femorayellow,the tips narrowly
brownishblack;wingswitha weakbrowntinge,restrictedly
withdarkerbrown;
patterned
obliterative
band at cord conspicuous;abdomenyellow,the mediantergalstripenarrow,
sublateralstripesobsoleteor verynarrow;male hypopygiumwith the tergitetumidor
arched,the posterior
portionwitha feeblysclerotizeddorsal marginand a moreheavily
blackenedventralledge, the two marginsseparatedby a thickenedmembranous
area;
lowertergalledge withthreeemarginations
separatedby two acute teeth;innerdististylecomplex,its outerbasal lobe bearingseveralspinouspoints;eighthsternitesheathing,projecting
caudad beyondthe ninthsternite,
the narrowapex fringedwith very longyellowsetae.
(.
Length,about 16-17mm.;wing,16-18mm.;antenna,about5-5.3 mm.
Frontalprolongationof head yellow,sparselylightgraypruinoseabove;nasusdistinct;
palpi withbasal two or threesegmentsyellowishbrownto darkerbrown,the terminal
segmentblack. Antennaewithscape and pedicellightyellow,the firstflagellarsegment
slightly
darkeryellow;succeeding
flagellarsegments
brownishblack,theenlargement
black,
outer segmentsmore uniformly
blackened;flagellarsegmentsmoderatelyincised,thelongestverticils
subequalto thesegments.Head in frontyellow,sparselypruinose,
behinddarkbrown,stilldarkeron the sides of the posteriorvertex.
Pronotumobscureyellow. Mesonotalpraescutum
withthe groundlightgrayor yellowishgray,withfourverypoorlydifferentiatedbrownishyellowstripesthatare narrowly
and insensibly
borderedby reddishyellow,the generaleffectbeingbrownish
yellow;posterior scleritesof notumslightlydarkerbrown,includingthe midregionof the scutum
and the scutellum.Pleura moreuniformly
yellow,verysparselypruinose;dorsopleuralregionlightyellow.Halteresbrownish
yellow,base of stemyellow,knobbrownish
black.

9'8s~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~s

9't\

5

/

Fig. 5.-Tipula (Lunatipula) diabolicasp. nov., male hypopygium(See fig. 1 forexplanationof symbols).

36

THE

AMERICAN MIDLAND

NATURALIST

51 (1)

Legs withthe coxae yellow,verysparselypruinose;trochanters
yellow;femoraand tibiae
yellow,the tips narrowlydark brownor blownishblack, the amountsubequal on allof tarsipassinginto black; claws
legs; basitarsilightbrown,the tips and the remainder(male) toothed. Wings with a weak brownishtinge,the prearcularand costal fields
darkerbrowndeeperyellowor brownishyellow;stigmamediuwbrown;veryrestrictedband at cord
spots at originof Rs, tip of Sc, and over the anteriorcord; obliterativeextending
frombeforethe stigmainto the proximal
relatively
extensiveand conspicuous,veinsbrown,morebrownich
end of cell M.,; niopost-stigmal
yellowin thebrightening;
about one-third
Rs; R1?9 entire;m oblique,narrowing
yellowedfields.Venation: m-ctu
cell 1st M9 at its outer end.

Abdomenobscureyellow,the tergiteswith a narrowbut conspicuousbrowndorsal
sublateralat the posteriorbordeisof the segments;
stripethatis veryslightlyinterrupted
dark stripeslackingor verynarrow,becomingmoreclearlydefinedbeyondthe second
relativemoreuniformly
yellow;hypopygium
tergite;lateraltergalbordersgray;sternites(Fig. 5) with the ninthtergite,9t, entirely
ly large, castaneous. Male hypopygium
area completely
tumidor arched,the mid-dorsal
separatefromthe sternite,conspicuously
dividedby a membranous
portionwitha distinctdorsaledge orline or groove;posterior
ventralledge,
and a moreblackened,heavilysclerotizedmarginthatis feeblysclerotizeddorsalmarginwitha conspicuous
U-shaped
the two-edgesseparatedby pale membrane;
the broad mediannotchU-shaped,
mediannotch;ventralledgewiththreeemarginations,the lateralpair shorterand shallower,separatedby acute blackenedteeth,the lateralbilobudenticlesobtuse. Ninth sternite,
9s, withthe appendagesmall but conspicuously
entirelate, each lobulewithlong crinklyyellowsetae; accessoryscleriteof ninthsternite
and unusuallylarge. Basistyleentire,its posteriorsutureverticaland almoststraight;
point;posteriorborder
upper angle of scleriteproduceddorsad into a slenderfingerlike
not produced.Outerdististyle,od, large,extending
caudad beyondthe apex of the lower
beak of th.einnerstyle,providedwith long setae,certainof thoseon the outermargin
id, withthe beak pale, long and slender;lowerbeak notunusuallylong. Innerdististyle,blackened,subspinous,
separatedfromthe upperone by a U-shaped notch;dorsal crest
unusuallysmall and narrow,elevatedat a strongangle, pale yellow;outerbasal lobe
large,complexand spinous,includinga flattenedscooplikeblade that is producedat
apex intoweaktuberculate
points,an innerlongslenderspineand an outermoreflattened
the loweranglespinous,the upperangie
blade, thetip of the lattermoreor less truncate,
the apex juttingsomedistance
8s, unusuallysheathing,obtuselyrounded.Eighthsternite,withunusualbeyondtheninthsternite;
tip witha shallowV-shapednotchthatis fringed
theirtipsunusuallydelicateand twisted;
ly longyellowsetae,thesemoreor less fimbriate,
on eitherside of this narrownotchwith a flattenedlobe that bears additionalsimilarsetae.
Holotype, ,X, Mount Diablo, Contra Costa Co., California,3,000 ft., April 28,
2 8 8 ; paratypes,
3 8 8 , Alum Rock Park,
1939 (Aitken& Cazier). Paratopotypes,
Alameda Co.,
Santa Clara Co., California,May 5, 1939 (Aitken); 2 8 8 , Livermore,
California,May 1, 1939 (Aitken& Cazier); PeavineRidge,Oregon,Sta. 1, April 30May 11, 1946; Sta. 3, May 24, 1947 (Fender).
from'all othermedium-sizedThis interestingyellowspeciesby the structure
flydiffers
the equallydistinctiveof the male hypopygium,
especiallythe verypeculiarninthtergite,
innerdististyle,and the eighthsternite.I am unable to indicateany speciesthatI canconsideras beingcloselyallied.
Alexander,1945.-WillametteValley: Peavine,
Tipula (Lunatipula) diacanthophoraSta. 3, July21, 1946 (F). Hithertofromthe SierraNevada, California.
Alexander,1950.-Blue Mts.: Beech Creek
Tipula (Lunatipula) dido malheurensis
ForestCamp, MalheurNational Forest,4,500 ft.,August 16, 1948 (A), types;Spring
Creek,3,900 ft.,August20, 1948 (Baker), types.
Tipula (Lunatipula) dorsimaculadorsimaculaWalker, 1848 (angustipennis
Loew,1863) .-Coast: Three Rivers,May 23, 1948 (F); Deer Creek,McMinnville,May 6,1945 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, May 6, 1946, April 21, 1947 (F).
Corvallis (Cole auct.); ForestGrove,April 20-May 10 (Cole). Blue Mts.: Spring
Creek,3,900 ft.,May 2-30, 1948, April 24-May 8, June5, 1949 (Baker); Whitney,
May 30, 1949 (Baker).
Tipula (Lunatipula) dorsimaculashasta Alexander,1919.-SouthernOregon: Ashland-Lakeof the Woods, June10-11, 1945 (F). Cascades: Prospect,May 22-26, 1921
(Dyar) .
Tipula (Lunatipula) fenderi sp. nov.-Size small (wing,male,under 14 mm.);

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEA37

OF OREGON

general coloration buffy gray, the praescutum with four brown stripes, the intermediatepair separated by a slightlywider ground line; wings with a brownishtinge; a conspicuous
cbliterativeband before cord but no post-stigmalbrightening;male hypopygiumwith thebasistyle produced into a long glabrous arm, the tip obtusely rounded; inner dististylewith the dorsal crest low, conspicuouslyribbed, the margin produced into acute blackened
points; outer basal lobe very reduced.
8. Length, about 12-13 mm.; wing, 12-13.3 mm.; antenna, about 5-5.4 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head obscure yellow, more or less pruinose above; nasus distinct; palpi brown, with pale incisures,the terminalsegmentblackened. Antennae (male)
relatively long, as shown by the measurements; basal three segments yellow, the firstflagellar segment a trifle more infuscated; succeeding segments.very vaguely bicolored,
the basal swellings black, the stem dark brown, the outer segments more uniformly
darkened; flagellar segments elongate, moderately incised, the basal swellings small;verticilsshorterthan the segments. Head gray, more yellowed on anteriorvertex.
Pronotum yellow. Mesonotumnwith the ground buffygray, the praescutum with fourbrown stripes,the intermediatepair separated by a ground line of slightlygreater width;
centers of scutal lobes infuscated; scutellum and postnotum more pruinose. Pleura gray,the ventral portions more infuscated but pruinose; dorsopleural membrane pale. Haltereswith stem yellow, knob infuscated. Legs with the coxae and trochantersyellow; femora
yellow, the tips narrowlybrownish black, the amount subequal on all legs; tibiae obscureyellow, the tips more broadly blackened; tarsi black; claws of male toothed. Wings witha brownish tinge, somewhat strongeron outer portion, the prearcular field and cells Sc
and Cu1 more yellowed; stigma oval, pale brown; a small pale brown clouid at origin ofRs; a conspicuous obliterativeband at cord, extending from before the stigma across theproximal half of cell 1st M9 into the base of cell M.,, with a furtherinconspicuousseam
along vein M4 to the posterior margin; no post-stigmalbrightening;veins brown, moreyellowed in the brightened portions. Squamal setae about six in number. Venation:
R1+ long, entire; Rs about three times m-cu; petiole of cell M1 longer than m.
Abdomen obscure yellow, the apex of tergitestwo and thrce weakly darkened; small
lateral darkenings at near midlength of tergite two and subbasal on tergites three andfour; hypopygiumconcolorous with the remainder of abdomen. Male hypopygium (Fig.
6) with the ninth tergite,9t, simple, the caudal margin with a broad V-shaped notch, thelateral lobes relativelynarrow; setulae of margin exceedingly small and delicate. Ninth,id

Fig. 6.-Tipula (Lunatipula) fenderisp. nov., male hiypopygium(See fig. 1 forof symbols).
explanation

38

THE

AMERICAN MIDLAND

NATURALIST

51 (1)

sternite,9s, with the appendage very small, darkened, provided with elongate setae. Basistyle, b, with the suture indicated on its ventral portion; outer end iof style produced
caudad into a long glabrous arm, the tip obtusely rouLnded;basal part of arm with conspicuous setae. Outer dististyle,od, with the outer half irregularlyproduced, darkened.
Inner dististyle,id, with the beak deep, its apex obtusely rounded; lower beak very small,
blackened; outer basal lobe exceedinglyreduced, representedby a low tubercle that bears
a brush of elongate setae; dorsal crest low but conspicuous by about eight flutingsthat
are produced at margin into small blackened spines or points that give a serrate appearance to the style. Phallosome, p, consistingof a central depressed-flattenedorgan, beyond
nidiength with a subtending spine on either side; at base of organ with a strong sickleshaped rod or spine. Eighth sternite,8s, broad, moderately sheathing, its caudal margin
virtually transverse,with a broad low cushion that is densely provided with long yellow
setae.
Holotype, 8, Peavine Ridge, Coast Range, Sta. 3A, June 19, 1946 (K. M. Fender).
Paratopotype, 8, with the type.
I take unusual pleasure in naming this distinct fly for Mr. Kenneth Mark Fender,
to whom much of the success of the present list is due. There are rather numerous
regional species of the subgenus that have the basistyle of the male hypopygiummore orless produced into a lobe or spine. Among such species, the present fly is perhaps mostsimilar to Tipula (Lunatipula) saxemontana Alexander, especially in the nature of thebasistyle. In some other details of structureof the hypopygium it more suggests species
such as T. (L.) atrisumma Doane, but is amply distinct from all previously defined
species.
Tipula (Lunatipula) impudica Doane, 1901.-Eastern Oregon: Juntura, May 26,
1948 (Davis).
Tipula (Lunatipula) lamellata Doane, 1901 (rangiferina Alexander, 1915) .-Cascades: Mount Hood-Hood River side, 3,000 ft., July 29, 1921 (Melander). Metolius
River, August 3, 1948 (A & F); Tumalo Creek, 3,610' ft., August 14, 1948 (A).
Blue Mts.: Spring Creek, 3,900 ft., June 24-26, August 20, 1948 (A & Baker), July
31-August 5, 1949 (Baker). Wallowas: Lostine, 3,375 ft., July 2, 1948 (A); Lazy T
Ranch, 4,500 ft., July 4-8, August 25, September 9, 1949 (Sperry).
Tipula (Lunatipula) leechi Alexander, 1938.-Coast:
Saddle Mt. (Boyer), June 24,~9t

iFig. 7.-Tipula (Lunatipula) macnabiAlexander,male hypopygium(See fig. I for

explanation of symbols).

1954

ALEXANDER:

T1PULOIDEAOF OREGON

39

1938 (Macnab). Cascades: Mount Hood-Horsethief
Meadows, 3,400 ft., August 8,
1946 (A); RobinHood ForestCamp, 3,560 ft.,August8, 1946 (F).
Tipula (Lunatipula) lucida Doane, 1901.-WillametteValley: McMinnville,May7, 1944 (D. & K. Fender). Cascad.es: Mount Hood-Hood Rapids, July29, 1921
(Melander). Indian Ford, 3,240 ft.,August5, 1948 (A); MetoliusRiver,Atigust3,
1948 (A & F). Ochocos: Wildwood ForestCamp, 4,500 ft., August 15, 1948 (A);flyingin somenumbersaboutthe trunksof trees,especiallyPonderosaPine, Douglas Fir,and WesternLarch. Blue Mts.: Spring Creek, 3,900 ft., July25-August22, 1948
(Baker); Beech CreekForestCamp, MalheurNational Forest,August16, 1948 (A).
Tipula (Lunatipula) macnabiAlexander,1939.-Coast: Saddle Mt. (Boyer), June
21, 1932, July 28-August1, 1935, July 30, 1936, April 15, September25, 1937
(Macnab and associates); types. WillametteV'alley: Peavine,Sta. 3, July221,1946,
May 20-30. 1947 (F). Male hypopygium(Fig. 7) withthe posterior
marginof tergite,
9t, producedinto two divergent
black hornsor spines;lowerface of tergalplate witha
small blackenedtoothand a low blackenedflangenear the marginalspines. Limitsof
outerdististyledifficultto determine
in availableslides but apparently
expandedinto ahead at outer end. Inner dististyle,id, with the Leak long and slender;lowerbeak
appearingas a small triangularpointthat is far removedfromthe beak. From theextremebase of the innerstyleor apex of the basistylearises an elongatearm thatterminatesin a narrowrod or spine,in cases, this structureeven broaderon its basal
portionthan shown. Eighthsternite,
8s, stronglynarrowedand sheathing,the gently
emarginate
apex withtwo brushesof long yellowsetae.
I believethatthenearestrelativesof thisisolatedflyare Tipula (Lunatipula) modoc
Alexanderand T. (L.) perfidiosa
Alexander.
Tipula (Lunatipula) macrolabisLoew, 1864 (spectabilisDoane, 1901).-Blue Mts.:
SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,June25, 1948 (A), June30, 1949 (Baker). Wallowas: Above
theLazy T Ranch,5,000 ft.,July6-9, 1949 (Sperry).
Tipula (Lunatipula) megalabiataAlexander,1915.-Cascades: Mount Hood-Bear
Creek,1,400 ft.,July16, 1947 (A); Hood Riverside,3,000 ft.,July29, 1921 (Melander); CloudcapInn Junction,
August9, 1946 (A & F); PolallyForestCamp, 3,000 ft.,
August9, 1946 (A); RobinHood ForestCamp, 3,560 ft.,August8, 1946 (A & F);
Still Cteek,3,600 ft.,July31, 1948 (A & F). MetoliusRivcr,August3-4, 1948 (A& F); Odell Lake, 4,760 ft.,August6, 1948 (A).
Tipula (Lunatipula) olympiaDoane, 1912 (concinnaDoane, 1901; flavomarginata
Doane, 1912).--WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 3, May 20, 1947 (F); Rock Creek,
Corvallis,April 24, 1940.
Tipula (Lunatipula) pellucidaDoane, 1912 (clara Doane, 1901; pyramisDoane,1912).-Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft., May 30, 1948, May 15, 1949 (Baker).
SteensMts.: Fish Lake, 7,000 ft.,July11, 1927 (Scullen).
Tipula (Lunatipula) praecisaLoew, 1872.-WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 3, May
25, 1945, July21, 1946, May 15, 1947 (F). McMinnville,June25-July2, 1946, June
14-30, 1948 (F); PantherCreek,McMinnville,July14, 1948 (F). Cascades: Kelly
Creek,June22, 1947 (F).
Tipula (Lunatipula) puberaLoew, 1864.-Coast: High Heaven, May 4, 1947 (F).
WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, May 18-June
20, 1946, May 22-23, 1947 (F); Sta.
3, May 29, 1946; Sta. 3A, May 29, 1947, June8-9,July14, 1948 (F). Corvallis,May5, 1925; May 12 (Gentner);SilverCreekFalls, July8, 1949 (F & Davis). Southern
Oregon: Cave Junction,
1,325 ft.,August27, 1948 (Bowerman).
Tipula (Lunatipula) retusa Doane, 1901.-Willamette Valley: Peavine, Sta. 1,
April 30-May 11, 1946, May 22, 1947; Sta. 2, May 21, 1947; Sta. 3, May 20-24,
1947; Sta. 3A, June2, 1948 (F). ForestGrove,July22 (Cole); McMinnville,May
30, 1948 (F). SouthernOregon: SiskiyouSummit,June 10, 1945 (F). Cascades:
Mount Hood-OneontaGorge,100 ft.,July19, 1947 (F).
Tipula (Lunatipula) siskiyouensis
Alexander,1949.-Southern Oregon: O'Brien,
SiskiyouNational Forest,1,475 ft., March 24, 1940 (Post, Maris and Ross); type.
Male hypopygium(Fig. 8) withthe ninthtergite,'9t, large,transverse;
caudal border
withfourlobes,the sublateralor outerpair each appearingas a long slenderrod,the tip
obtuse,blackened;intermediate
lobes much shorter,
blackened,theirtips obtuse;margin
betweenthe lobesproducedintoa low pale triangularblade on eitherside of the midline.
Outer dististyle,od, an unusuallysmall pale blade, flattened,
the upperedge withthree
black setae,the remainderof surfaceglabrous.Innerdististyle,id, of peculiarconformation;whatseemsto represent
the normalbeak is slender,straight,
subtendedabove by apale membranousof
dorsal crest;posterior
portion main body of styleproducedinto a

40

THE

AMERICAN MIDLAND

NATURALIST

51 (1)

flattenedblade that is unequally bispinous, the upper arm a strong erect spine, the lower
one a small triangular point; outer basal lobe very conspicuous, appearing as a flattened
blade that is longer than the remainderof style, dilated on basal half and here provided
with numerous long pale setae, thence narrowed into a more slender apical portion, thewhole bent forwards over the main body of style. Gonapophyses, g, paired, each halfterminatingin a long decurved point. Eighth sternite,8s, bearing a flattened lobe or
blade on either side of midline, each with a brush or tuft of very long yellow setae thatare very conspicuously roughened by lateral hairlike projections to produce an unusually
fuzzy appearance.
Tipula (Lunatipula) snoqualmiensis Alexander, 1945.-Cascades:
Odell Lake, Princess Creek Forest Camp, 4,760 ft., A'ugust 6, 1948 (F); restingon tree trunk. Hitherto
only from Washington (Alexander, 1949: 285-286, fig. 9).
Tipula (Lunatipula) splendens Doane, 1901.-Cascades:
Dutchman's Flats, 6,100
ft., August 5, 1948 (F); Metclius River, 2,600 ft., June 15, 1947 (F).
Blue Mts.:
Spring Cre2k, 3,900 ft., July 31, 1949 (Baker); Beech Creek Forest Camp, Malheur
National Forest, 4,500 ft., August 16, 1948 (A). Wallowas: Lazy T Ranch, 4,500 ft.,
September 1, 1949 (Grace Sperry); Lostine Valley, 5,500 ft., August 18, 1948 (A);numerous flyingamong the evergreens.

9t

W

?@W

t.,).'J~r\-id
od~

8son
sp. nov.,male hypopygium(See fig.1 forFig. 8.-Tipula (Lunatipula) siskiyouensis
of symbols).
explanation
Doane, 1901.-WillametteValley: Corvallis,
Tipula (Lunatipuila)unicinctaunicincta
May 25 (Cole auct.). Cascades: Mount Hood-Hood River side, 3,000 ft., July29,
1921 (Melander); Clear Lake, 3,300 ft.,August8, 1946 (A); Eagle CreekForestCamp,
July 18, 1947 (F); Polally ForestCamp, August 9, 1946 (F). Elk Lake, Century
Drive,4,900 ft.,August6, 1948 (F).

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

41

Tipula (Lunatipula) unicincta bifila subsp.nov.-Very close to thetypicalform,
The latter(Fig. 9) has the appendin certaindetailsof the male hypopygium.
differingage of the ninthsternite,
9t, elongate,terminatingin a powerfulreddishspine,thelower surfaceback fromthe spine with
about six powerfulsetae scatteredalong
the length.Phallosome,p, symmetrical,asin unicincta;tips of the inner apophyses
produced into very long slender spines.
Ninth tergitewiththe outerlateralpoints
slender,directedlaterad.
Holotype, 8, Gold Beach, CurryCo.,

9s'~~~~~~~~~~--

July 11, 1925.

Tipula (Lunatipula) usitata usitata
Doane, 1901.-Willamette Valley: Peavine, Sta. 1, May 18, 1946, May 22,
1947; Sta. 2, May 31, 1946; Sta. 3, May
20-24, 1947, June8, 1948; Sta. 3A, May
12, 1947 (F). Corvallis,June 2 (Kincaid), type;Eugene,May 1947 (Malkin);
McMinnville,June1, 1948 (F).
Tipula (Lunatipula)usitataaurantionota Alexander,1945.-Coast: Saddle Mt.
(Boyer), June2, 1934; July21, Auguist
1, 1935 (Macnab), types;High Heaven,(Lunatipula) unicincFig. 9.-Tipula
June22, 1945 (F). WillametteValley: ta bifila subsp. nov., male hypopygium
Peavine, Sta. 2, May 18-31, 1946 (F).
(See fig. 1 for e>.planation of symbols).
McMinnville,July16, 1933 (Macnab).
Tipula (Ltunatipula)vittatipennis
Doane, 1912 (albovittataDoane, 1901). WillametteValley: McMinnville,May 24, 1947 (D. McKey-Fender);Muddy Valley,McMinn'ile, June6, 1945 (F). SouthernOregon: Cave Junction,
1,325 ft.,August27, 1948
(Bowerman);North slope of SiskiyouSummit,June9, 1947 (F). Cascadces:Mount
Hood-EagleCreek,August2, 1921 (Melander).
Tipula (Hesperotipula)fragmentata
Dietz, 1919.-Coast: ChetcoRiver,August 11,
1948 (F); Glenada,June9, 1946 (Malkin). WillametteValley: ForestGrove,May 20,
1918 (Cole).
Tipula (Hesperotipula)streptocera
Doane, 1901.-Coast: High Heaven, June22,
1945, July12, 1949 (F); Saddle Mt. State Park,July24, 1949 (F); Tierra del Mar,
June30, 1949 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, May 2-11, July12, August6,
1946, May 27-June24, 1947; Sta. 2, June27, 1946; Sta. 3, July16-21,1946; Sta. 3A,
June30, 1947 (F). McMinnville,in sksnk cabbage association,May 16, 1945 (F);Muddy Valley, McMinnville,May 22, 1945 (F); SilverCreekFalls, 1,000 ft.,August
1, 1948 (A & F), July8, 1949 (F). Cascades: Mount Hood-BearCreek,1,400 ft.,
July16, 1947 (F); HorsetailFalls, July19, 1947 (A & F); Eagle CreekForestCamp,
July 18, 1947 (A & F). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft., June24-28, July25,
August18, 1948, June5-30, 1949 (Baker).
CYLTNDROTOMINAE

Cylindrotoma
occidentalis(Alexander,1927).-Cascades: Mount Hood-Hood River
Meadows,4,475 ft.,August8, 1946, July17, 1947, July31, 1948 (A & F). Thisdistinctflywas originallydescribedin the genusPhalacrocerabut seemsto be morecorrectlyplaced in the presentgroup. The speciesshowsa surprisingdegreeof variationin venation,particularlyof the medial field. This was shownin the type (Longmire
Springs,Mount Rainier,Washington) and likewisein virtuallyall specimensof thepresentseries(see Alexander,GeneraInsectorum,
Fasc. 187, Cylindrotominae,
pl. 2, fig.
4; 1927). Since the distinctions
employedin separating
Cylindrotoma
and Phalacrocera
are chieflyvenationaland apply particularly
to the medial field,the indicationearlier

42

THE

AMERICAN MIDLAND

NATURALIST

51 (1)

as beingnot morethana subgenus
made thatPhalacrocerashouldperhapsbe consideredseemsjustified.
of Cylindrotoma
splendenssplendensDoane, 1900 ( uncta Coquillett,1900).-Coast:
Cylindrotoma
Saddle Mt. (Boyer), May 6, 1934,June11, 1935, June13, 1936, Juno18, 1937 (Macnib and associates);Castle Rock,May 13, 1949 (F); High Heaven, May 4, 1947 (F);
SourgrassCreek,May 17, 1948 (F). The 1937 Boyerspecimenhas the venationabnorin cell Rr, as in thi extinctgroupCytcrossvein
f:ial,one winghavingan adventitious
the typicalform,havingheavily
taromyia
Scudder. All of the above specimensrepresent
blackenedpraescutalsaripesin bothsexes.
splendenspallescensAlexander,1930.--Cascades: Mount Hood-Hood
Cylindrotoma
RiverMeadows,4,480 ft.,July17, 1947, July31, 1948 (A & F); NorthFork of Iron
Creek,July30, 1948 (F); Still Creek,July16, 1947 (A & F). Big Meadows,North
Santianm,August3, 1948 (A & F); Odell Lake, 4,760 ft.,July14, 1947 (A). Crater
streamon Lake Road above AnnieSprings,6,200 ft.,August2, 1946,
Lake-Alongsnmall
July12, 1947 (A). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,June5, 1949 (Baker); Little
AntoneCreek,4,100 ft.,June27, 1948 (A); Little PhillipsCreek,3,800 ft.,July3,
1948 (A). Wallowas: Wallowa Creek,at Power Plant spring,4,635 ft.,June29-30,
1948 (A); above Lazy T Ranch, 5,500 ft., July 17, 1949 (Sperry); LostineValley
Guard Station,4,900 ft.,June30, 1948 (A). All of the abovehave the dark markingsin the male sex.
of the praescutum
virtuallylacking,particularly
LIMONJIINAALIMONIINI

Limonia (Limonia) bistigma(Coquillett,1905, as bestigma) (tributariaAlexander,1943).-Coast: Big Creek,Sitkum,August 12, 1948 (H. W. Thorne); ChetcoRiver,August11, 1948 (F); Glenada,June9 1946 (Malkin); GunaldoFalls, June30, 1949
(F); High Heaven, June22, 1945, August 6, 1946 (F); Humbug MountainState
Park,August 11, 1948 (F); Saddle MountainState Park,July24, 1949 (F); Tierradel Mar, June30, 1949 (F); Wheeler,July24, 1949 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 3A, July5-9, 1946, June 17, July7, 1947, June24, July 13, 1948 (F).
Silver Creek Falls, August2, 1948 (F), July8, 1949 (F). Cascades: Mount HoodBear Creek,July16, 1947, August 1, 1948 (A & F); Bear Springs,August8, 1946
(A & F); BeaverCreek,August7, 1946, July16, 1947 (F); Cloudcap Inn Junction,
August9, 1946 (F); Hood Riverside at 3,000 ft.,July29, 1921 (Melander); Hood
RiverMeadows,July17, 1947 (A & F); HorsethiefMeadows,August9, 1946, July
19, 1947 (A & F); PolallyForestCamp, August9, 1946 (A); MultnomahFalls, July
19, 1947 (A cr F); Salmon River,July30, 1948 (F); Still Creek,July16, 1947, July
3'1, 1948 (A & F); Wahkeena Falls, September9, 1934 (Melander). Hazel Creek,near Dexter,July 15, 1947 (A); MerrillCreek,N. Santiam,August 17, 1947 (Albright);Odell Lake, August6, 1948 (A); MetoliusRiver,June 15, 1947 (F); Salt
Creek Falls, August 7, 1948 (F); Willis Creek,N. Santiam,August 17, 1947 (F).
(Fabricius,1781).
The speciesis closelyallied to the Palaearcticiripunctata
Limonia(Limonia) sciophila(Osten Sacken, 1877).-Coast: Cascade Head ExperimentalForest,July6, 1945 (Shelford); Castle Rock, March 31, 1949 (F); Chetco
River,March 18, 1940 (Post & Ross), August11, 1948 (F); Deer Creek,McMinnville,
May 6, 1945 (F); Gales Creek,September5, 1948 (F); Glenada, June9, 1946, May
23, 1947 (Malkin); Gunaldo Falls, May 13, 1949 (F); Hemlock,April 5, 1949 (F);High Heaven, June22, 1945, July6, August 16, 1946, May 4, 1947 (F); Humbug
MountainState Park, August 11, 1948 (F); JessieM. HoneymanState Park, AugustAugust 12, 1948 (F); Lee's Camp, September18-25,
12, 1948 (F), Lake Tahkenitch,
1949 (Davis); PacificCity, May 23, 1948 (F); Saddle Mt. (Boyer), September8,
1933, April 27, September22, October26, 1935, May 15, 1937 (Macnab & Dirks);
Salmon River,nearBoyer,August12, 1948 (F); SourgrassCreek,May 17, 1948 (F);Three Rivers,May 23, 1948 (F); Tierra del Mar, May 13, 1949 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,no station,May 5-14,July13, September10, October10, 1945; Sta. 1,
April 30, May 6, 1946, May 1, 1947; Sta. 3, September13, 1946, May 14, July8,
September3, 1947; Sta. 3A, May 3, September17, October12, 1946, May 5, 1947,
Dayton,SeptemAugust30, September13, 1948; Sta. 4, May 2, 1947 (F). Albrights,
ber 19, 1946 (F); Corvallis,April 20, May 28 (Cole auct.); ForestGrove,SeptemberOctober(Cole); Mount Angel (Epper); Silver Creek Falls, May 9, August2, 1948,
July8, 1949 (F). SouthernOregon: State Line Creek,August 9, 1948 (A & F);
Cascades: Mount Hood-Bear Creek,July 16,
Roseburg,April 6, 1930 (I. 14Wi/cox).

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

43

1947, August1, 1948 (F); BeaverCreek,July16, 1947 (A I& F); Eagle CreekForest
July 1, 1917 (Melander); Hood River side, 3,000 ft., July 29, 1921
Reservation,(Melander); Hood River Meadows,July17, 1947 (F); HorsethiefMeadows,August
9, 1946,July18, 1947 (A I& F); OneontaGorge,July19, 1947 (A & F); RobinHood
ForestCamp, August8, 1946 (F); Salmon River,July30, 1948 (F); Still Creek,July
16, 1947, July31, 1948 (A & F). Big Meadows, N. Santiam,August 17, 1947,
August3, 1948 (F); DeschutesRiverGuard Station,August6, 1948 (F); Elk Lake,
CenturyDrive, August 6, 1948 (F); Hazel Cr-eek,near Dexter,July15, 1947 (A);Odell Lake, August4, 1946, July14, 1947, August6, 1948 (A); Trout Creek,August24, 1944 (Knowlton);Tumalo Creek,August15, 1948 (A); Willis Creek,N. Santiam,
August 17, 1947 (Albright). Crater Lake-AnnieSpring, August 1-3, 1946 (A).
Ochoco Mts.: Mossy Rock ForestCamp, August 15, 1948 (A). Blue Mts.: Spring
Creek,June24-26,July25, August29, September12, 1948, June5-30, 1949 (Baker);
variablein size;
LangdonLake, August 16-17, 1948 (A), veryabundantand extremely
North Powder River at 3,800 ft., June27, 1948 (A); Pine Creek,June 30, 1949
(Baker I&'Sperry); South Fork of Upper Walla Walla River,1,450 ft.,July4, 1948
(A). Wallowas: AneroidLake trail, 7,000 ft., July26, 1949 (Baker); Eagle Cap
WildernessArea, 5,000 ft.,June28, 1948 (A); FrenchForestCamp, August18, 1948
(A); HurricaneCreek,5,460 ft., July 11, 1949 (Spetry); Lazy T Ranch, July 17,
September3, 1949 (Sperry); LostineValley Guard Station,June30, 1948 (A). The
speciesis veryclose to the Palaearcticnubeculosa(Meigen, 1804).
Limonia (Limonia) tristigma (Osten Sacken, 1859) .-Wallowas: Lazy T Ranch,
4,500 ft.,July4, 1949 (Sperry), a single 9 . Hithertonot knownfromfartherwest
thanColoredo, Probablyonlyraciallydistinctfromthe Palaearctictrivittata(Schummel,
1829).
Limonia (Metalimnobia) annulus triphaea subsp. nov.-Closest to L. (M.)
of the malein slightdetailsof colorationand structure
annuluscinctipes(Say), differing
hypopygium.
8. Length,about12 mm.;wing,13 mm.
verydark,includingthe head and muchof thethorax,the obscure
Generalcoloration
Head dark. Femorawiththreeand scutummuch restricted.
yellowof the praescutum
distinctdarkenedrings,as in annultUsimmatura(Osten Sacken,1859), the latterdifferof the dististyles.
particularlyof the male hypopygium,ing otherwisein the structure
narrow,the tip a slightlydecurved
relatively
withthe dorsaldististyle
Male hzypopygium
blackenedspine.
May 29, 1948 (Fender). ParatopoHolotype,,, McMinnville,on Fenderproperty,
type,8.
Limonia (Metalimnobia) annulus cinctipes(Say, 1823) .-Wallowas: Trail above
Lazy T Ranch,5,200 ft.,July6, 1949 (Sperry).
Limonia (Metalimnobia)californica(Osten Sacken, 1861) .-Coast: Gunaldo Falls,
May 13, 1949 (F); Saddle Mt. (Boyer), July13, 1933 (Macnab and associates). WillametteValley: ForestGrove,April 20 (Cole). Cascades: Mount Hood-Hood Riverside, 4,000 ft.,June25, 1935 (Melander); Robin Hood ForestCamp, 3,560 ft.,July
18, 1947 (F). Odell Lake, 4,790 ft.,August6, 1948 (F).
Limonia infuscata(Doane, 1900) (adjecta Doane, 1908; nitidiusculaAlexander,
1927).-Coast: Agate Beach,March 27, 1949 (F); Cascade Head Experimental
Forest,May 23, 1948 (F); Deer Creek,McMinnville,May 6, 1945 (F); Gales Creek,September 5, 1948 (F); Gunaldo Falls, May 17, 1948, May 13, June6, 1949 (F); Hemlock,
April 5, 1949 (F); High Heaven, June22, 1945, May 4, 1947, July12, 1949 (F);
Humbug MountainState Park, August 11, 1948 (F); Lake Tahkenitch,August 12,1948 (F); Meadow Lake Road, Carlton,October13, 1945 (F); Saddle Mt. (Boyer),
March 31, October3, 1934, April 27, May 12, July28, August 15, 1935, April 25,
1936, May 22, August 16, 1937 (Macnab and associates);Salmon River,near Boyer,
August 12, 1948 (F); Sand Lake, April 12, 1949 (F); Three Rivers,May 23, 1948
(F); Tierra del Mar, May 13, 1949 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,no station,
April 28-May 31, 1945, on swordfern;Sta. 3A, June 24, August 30, 1948 (F).
Albrights,Dayton, September19, 1946 (F); Happy Valley, McMinnville,April 14,
1946 (F); Silver Creek Falls, May 9, August2, 1948 (F). SouthernOregon:,State
Line Creek,August9, 1948 (A I& F); StoreGulch ForestCamp, August8, 1948 (A).
Cascades: MountHood-BeaverCreek,July16, 1947 (F); HorsethiefMeadows,August
9, 1946 (A & F); Still Creek,July16, 1947 (A & F). Odell Lake, 4,800 ft.,August
Creek,1,000 ft.,August5, 1946 (A); Willis
4, 1946, july 13, 1947 (A); Schweitzer

44

THE AMERICAN MIDLAND

NATURALIST

51 (1)

Creekl,August 17, 1947 (A/bright). Wallowas: LostineValley Guard Station,June30, 1948 (A): Wallowa Creek,4,675 ft.,June29, 1948 (A).
Limonia simulansconcinna(Williston,1893) .-Coast: Marys Peak, June 1, 1946
(F). WillametteValley: OrchardView, McMinnville,May 4, 1949 (F). Cascades:
MountHood-Hood River,June3, (Cole); Hood Riverside at 4,000 ft.,June25, 1935
(Melander); MultnomahFalls, 100 ft.,August9, 1946, July17, 1947 (A (& F). OdelI
Lake, 4,760 ft.,August6, 1948 (F); Salt CreekFalls, July14, 1947 (M. M. AlexanMay 13, 1947 (Albright).
der). EasternOregon: Juntura-Vale,
Limonia venflsta (Bergroth,1888) (duplicata Doane, 1900; negligensAlexander,
1927) .-Coast: High Heaven, Edmunds Ranch, April 1, 1949 (F); JordanCreek,
September5, 1948 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 2, June27, 1946 (F). Cas5,000 ft.,July16, 1947 (A); Hood River
cades: MountHood-Streambelowtimberline,
Meadows,August8, 1946, July17, 1947, July31, 1948 (A i& F); Still Creek,July17,
1947 (A & F). Blue Mts.: AnthonyLake, 7,100 ft.,June27, 1948 (A k& Baker),
Langdon Lake, 4,970 ft.,July3, 1948
flyingin small swarmsbeneaththe evergreens:(A); SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,May 2, 1948 (Baker); WhitmanNational Forest,June
14, 1947 (F). Wallowas: Lazy T Ranch, 4,500 ft., August 29-31, 1949 (Sperry);
LostineValley, 5,500 ft.,August 18, 1948 (A).
Limonia (Geranomyia)communis(Osten Sacken, 1859) (canadensisof authors,nec
Westwood,1835) .-Southern Oregon: Store Gulch ForestCamp, sweptfromwillows
at edgeof IllinoisRiver,950 ft.,August9, 1948 (A).
Limonia (Geranomyia)diversa(Osten Sacken, 1859).-Coast: High Heaven, June5, 1948 (F) WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta.
22, 1945 (F); JordanCreek,September
1, April23, June20, 1946 (F); Sta. 3, July2-16, 1946 (F). OrchardView,McMinnville,May 4, 1949 (F). SouthernOregon: O'Brien,August9, 1948 (F); StoreGulch
ForestCamp, along IllinoisRiver,August9, 1948 (A & F). Cascad-es:Mount HoodHood River,October30 (Cole auct.); Still Creek,July16, 1947 (A & F). Cascadia,
August2, 1948 (A (& F); Dell Creek,WillametteRiver,July14, 1947 (A); Salt Creek
Falls, 3,800 ft.,July14, 1947, August8, 1948 (A & F).
Limonia (Dicranomyia) acerba Alexander,1943.-Willamette Valley: WillametteRivernear Dayton,on gravelbars, April 24, 1949 (F). SouthernOregon: AshlandLake of the Woods, June11, 1945 (F). Cascades: Mount Hood-StillCreek,3,600 ft.,
July16, 1947 (F).
Limonia (Dicranomyia)athabascae(Alexander,1927).-Coast: Coquille River,Sitkum,August5, 1948 (H. W. Thorne); Gunaldo Falls, May 13, 1949 (F); Humbug
MountainState Park, August 11, 1948 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,June 18,
1948; Sta. 1, April 30, June20, July26, 1946, May 15, July3, 1947, May 27, 1949;
Sta. 2, September,
October1945, May 10, July12, 1946, May 22, 1948; Sta. 3, April
26, June26, July2-16, 1946, May 7, 1947, April 20, May 25, 1948 (F). McMinnville,May 7, 1944 (F); Muddy Valley, McMinnville,May 24, 1945 (F). Cascades:
MountHood-BearSprings,August8, 1946 (F); Clear Lake, 3,300 ft.,October7, 1945
(F). Cultus Lake, 4,670 ft.,August 6, 1948 (A); Dell Creek,July14, 1947 (A);
MetoliusRiver,2,200 ft.,June14, 1945, August3, 1948 (A & F); RiversEdge Forest
Camp, WillametteRiver,1,000 ft.,August5, 1946 (A). Blue Mts.: Pine Creek,June30, 1949 (Baker & Sperry);LangdonLake, 4,970 ft.,July4, August 16, 1948 (A);
SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,June24-26, 1948 (A I& Baker); Vale, May 19, 1949 (Davis);
Whitney,June19, 1949 (Baker). Wallowas: LostineValley, 4,900 ft.,June30, 1948;
5,500 ft.,August19, 1948 (A); Wallowa Lake, Tune30, 1948 (A).
Limonia (Dicranomyia)brevivena(Osten Sacken, 1869) .-Willamette Valley: Peavine,no stationnumber,May 31, 1945 (F). Cascades: MetoliusRiver,August3, 1948
(A & F). EasternOregon MountainCreek,near iunctionwiththe JohnDay River,August 16, 1948 (A); Seneca, MalheurNational Forest,June12, 1947 (F); Warner
Lakes, June12, 1947 (F). Blue Mts.: AnthonyLake, 7,000 ft.,June27, 1948 (A);
WhitmanNational Forest,June14, 1947 (F); Whitney,June19, 1949 (Baker). Wallowas: JohnsonPark,Wallowa River,2,750 ft.,August20, 1948 (A).
Limonia (Dicranomyia)citrina(Doane, 1900).-Blue Mts.: Langdon Lake, 4,970
ft.,July2-4, 1948 (A), July17, 1948 (Lane); in marshesat lake margin,abundant
Whitney,May 30, June19, 1949 (Baker).
amongCamassiaand Veratrum;
Limonia (Dicranomyia)fulvafulva (Doane, 1900).-Coast: SourgrassCreek,May
17, 1948 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,May 4, 1945, on swordfern(F). Cascades: MountHood-Hood RiverMeadows,4,500 ft.,August8, 1946 (A); Still Creek,
July16, 1947 (A & F).

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

45

Limonia (Dicranomyia)fulva fulvoidesAlexander,1943.-Blue Mts.: Starr Creek,
MalheurNationalForest,May 30, 1949 (Baker).
Limonia (Dicranomyia)gracilis(Doane, 1900) (halterellaEdwards, 1921) .-Cascades: MountHood-Multnomah
Falls, August9, 1946 (F). Big Meadows,NorthSantiatn,August17, 1947 (F); Salt CreekFalls, 3,800 ft.,August7, 1948 (A); Tombstone
Meadows,SouthSantiam,August17, 1947 (Albright). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900
ft.,June24-26, 1948 (A & Baker); August20, September6, October3, 1948 (Baker).
Lundstrom,
Limonia (Dicranomyia) halterata(Osten Sacken, 1869) (cinereipennis
1912).-Coast: Cascade Head Experimental
Forest,May 23, 1948 (F); Gales Creek,
September5, 1948 (F); Gunaldo Falls, June30, July14, 1949 (F); High Heaven,
June22, 1945, July12, 1949 (F); Humbug MountainState Park, August 11, 1948
(F); Jessi.M. HoneymanState Park,August 12, 1948 (F); JordanCreek,September
5, 1948 (F); Lake Tahkenitch,August 12, 1948 (F); Neskowin,August 17, 1948
(fames); PacificCity, May 23, 1948 (F); Saddle Mt. (Boyer), June21, July29,
1934, August1, 1935 (Macnab and associates);Saddle MountainState Park, July24,
1949 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 3, May 23-29, 1946, May 14, July8,
1947; Sta. 3A, June24, July14, 1948 (F). Albrights,Dayton,September19, 1946
(F); Silver Creek Falls, August2, 1948, July8, 1949 (F); WillametteRiver,below
Dayton,April 24, 1949 (F). SouthernOregon: State Line Creek,August9, 1948 (A& F). Cascades: NlountHood-BeaverCreek,August7, 1946 (A); Eagle CreekForest
Reserve,July1, 1917 (Melander); HorsetailFalls, August9, 1946, July19, 1947 (A& F); MultnomahFalls, July 19, 1947 (F); Oneonta Gorge,July 19, 1947 (A);
Sahale Falls, July17, 1947,July31, 1948 (F); SalmonRiver,July30, 1948 (F); Still
Creek,July31, 1948 (A k& F); Timberline,
at 5,000 ft.,August7, 1946 (A); WahkeenaFalls, September
9, 1934 (Melander). Cascadia. August2, 1948 (F); Dell Creek,
July14, 1947 (A); Hazel Creek,July15, 1947 (A); Odell Lake, July14, 1947 (A);Salt CreekFalls, August7, 1948 (A & F). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,June26, 1948
(A & Baker).
Limonia (Dicranomyia) humidicola(Osten Sacken, 1859) (badia of authors,nec
Walker, 1848; viridicans
Doane, 1908).-Coast: Grand Ronde, March 31, 1949 (F);
Humbug MountainState Park, August 11, 1948 (F); Lee's Camp, September18-25,
1949 (Davis); SourgrassCreek,May 17, 1948 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta.
1, September10, 1945, July3-12, October11, 1946, July2, 1948; Sta. 3, April 26,
May 16, 1946, May 3-14, 1947, May 11, June29, 1948 (F). Happy Valley,McMinnville,June3, 1945, April 14, 1946 (F); SilverCreek Falls, May 9, August2, 1948,
July8, 1949 (F). SouthernOregon: StoreGulch ForestCamp, August8, 1948 (A &F). Cascades: Mount Hood-Eagle Creek,August2, 1921 (Melander), July18, 1947
(F); HorsetailFalls, August9, 1946,July19, 1947 (A & F); MultnomahFalls, August
9, 1946, July 19, 1947 (F); Oneonta Gorge,July 19, 1947; Sahale Falls, July31,
1948 (A); Still Creek,July31, 1948 (A & F); Viento,August 1, 1921 (Melander).
MetoliusRiver,August3, 1948 (A & F). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,April 24, May 9,1949 (Baker); LangdonLake, July2-3, 1948 (A); Pine Creek,4,600 ft.,June25, 1948
(A). Wallowas: LostineValley Guard Station,June30, 1948 (A ); Wallowa Lake,
June28, 1948 (A).
thosefromthe gorgesalongthe Columbia
Certainof the abovespecimens,
particularlyRiver,have the yellowfemoraltipsmuchreducedor entirely
lacking.
Limonia (Dicranomyia) illustrisAlexander,1944.-Coast: Carlton-MeadowLake
road,June5, 1942 (Macnab), types;High Heaven,May 4, 1947 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, May 5, July13, 1945, on swordfern,May 18, 1946; Sta. 3A,
May 5-24, 1947, June8, 1948 (F). Happy Valley, McMinnville,May 12, 1946 (F).
Limonia (Dicranomyia)inhabilisAlexander,1949.-Coast: Three Rivers,May 23,
1948 (F), type. The male hypopygium
is shown(Fig. 10).
Limonia (Dicranomyia) iowensis(Rogers, 1926).-Willamette Valley: WillametteRiver,2 miles south of Dayton, June24, 1948 (F). This is the firstrecordof thespeciesfromwestof theRockyMountains.
Limonia(Dicranomyia)libertoides(Alexander,1912).-Willamette Valley: Peavine,
Sta. 1, April25-May4, 1945, on swordfern;Sta. 2, May 22, 1948; Sta. 3, April 26,
May 16, 1946, May 24, 1947, April 20, 1948; Sta. 4, April 17, 1946 (F). Amity
Hills, April25, 1948 (F); Corvallis,April 18 (Cole auct.,determined
1920 by Alexander as stigmataDoane); Happy Valley, McMinnville,May 12, 1946 (F); Zena, June5, 1948 (F).
Limonia (Dicranomyia) longipennis(Schummel, 1829) (immemorOsten Sacken,

46

THE AMERICAN MIDLAND

NATURALIST

51 (1)

1861) .-Willamette Valley: Peavine,withoutstation,July 12, 1945 (F). McMinn.
ville,November10, 1942, August28, 1948 (F); Woods Hopyard,WillametteRiver,July4, 1947 (F). SouthernOregon: O'Brien, 1,475 ft., August9, 1948 (A). Cascades: Bend, alongDeschutesRiver,August5, 1948 (A & F).
Limonia (Dicranomyia) marmorata(Osten Sacken, 1861) (signipennisCoquillett,1905).-Coast: Florence,February20, 1923 (D. W. Hatch), OregonState Agricultural
College,AccessionNo. 2,620; HarrisBeach State Park.August11, 1948 (F); Neskowin,
August 11-17, 19,48(James), numerousin the intertidal
zone. This is a PacificCoastmarinespecieswhoselifehistory
has been describedby Saunders(Ann. Ent. Soc. America, 21: 521-545; 1928, as signipennis).
Limonia (Dicranomyia)melanderiana
Alexander,1945.-Blue Mts.: LangdonLake,
September9, 1949 (Davis).
Limonia (Dicranomyia) moniliformis(Doane, 1900).-Willamette Valley: Three
miles south of Dayton, along the WillametteRiver,JuLne 3, 1948 (F). Blue Mts.:
Juntura,May 20, 1949 (Davis). Wallowas: Enterprise,
3,750 ft.,June29, 1948 (A).
An unfortunate
confusionin nameshas obtainedin this particularpart of the subgenus,chieflythroughthe inabilityto studythe male genitaliaof certaincriticalspecies.
I now regardthe speciesformerly
called gibsoniAlexander,1929, as being the true
haereticaOstenSacken,1869,widelydistributed
alongthe Atlanticcoastof NorthAmerica. It further
app2arsthatthe paratypefemalesof moniliformis
fromLong Island, New
Yor'-, onA Nant cl-etJI4qnd,MaFsachusetts,
similarlypertainto haeretica,as here restricted.As to whether
brunneaDoane, 1900, likewisefallsin the synonymyof haeretica
is morequestionable.Ail of thesespeciesthatare reprc.ented
by femalespecimensonly
are difficult
to determine.The typeof moniliformis
was fromColorado and represents
the speciesunderconsideration.
It has as a synonym
penicillataAlexanderand numerous
inlandrecordsreportedas beinghaeretica.
Limonia (Dicranomyia) morioides(Osten Sacken, 1860) .-Wallowas: Walloua
Lake, 4,410 ft.,June28, 1948 (A).
Limonia (Dicranomyia) nielsenianaAlexander,1949.-Blue Mts.: Spring Creek,
3,900 ft., September19-October17, 1948 (Baker). The male hypopygium
is shown(Fig. 11).
Limonia (Dicranomyia)particeps(Doane, 1908).-Coast: Coquille River,Sitkum,
August4, 1948 (H. W. Thorne); Grand Ronde,March 31, 1949 (F); High Heaven,
July12, 1949 (F); JordanCreek,September5, 1948 (F); PacificCity,May 23, 1948
(F); Sand Lake, April 12, 1949 (F); Three Rivers,May 23, 1948 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,June18, 1948; Sta. 1, July2, 1948; Sta. 3, July16, 1946, June29,
1948; Sta. 3A, March 26, 1946, June18, 1947, July24, 1948 (F). AmityHills, 500
ft.,April 25, 1948 (F); HendersonBridge,June16, 1948 (F); McMinnville,July2,
1949 (F); PantherCreek,McMinnville,July25, 1948 (F); SilverCreekFalls, May 9,
August2, 1948, July8, 1949 (F). Cascades: MountHood-BearCreek,August1, 1948
(A k& F); Beaver Creek,August 1, 1948 (A & F); Hood River,October26 (Coleauct.); Oneonta Gorge,August 9, 1946 (A & F). Cascadia, August 2, 1948 (F);Trout CreekForestCamp, South Santiam,1,245 ft.,August2, 1948 (A). Blue Mts.:
South forkof Walla Walla River,1,450 ft.,July4, 1948 (A).
Limonia(Dicranomyia)piscataquisAlexander,1941.-Cascades: MountHood, Clear
Lake, 3,300 ft.,October7, 1945 (F). This verydistinctflyhad hithertobeen known
cnlyfromnorthernMaine.
Male hypopygium(Fig. 12) withthe tergite,
9t, transverse,
the caudal marginnearlytruncate,the surfacewith a narrowdarkenedmidline;setigerouspuncturestranslucent,setae long and pale. Proctiger
conspicuous,
undeveloped.Baistyle,b, in total area about
one-third
moreextensive
thanthe ventraldististyle;setae of body of stylesparse;ventromesal lobe large and complex,stout-based,on outermarginwithan irregular
blackened
area, angularlybentat near midlengthand hereprovidedwithseveralstrongsetac; apex
of lobe producedintotwoouterdivisions,the largerone narrowedto a point,the smaller
lowerdivision(not shownin figure)moreobtuse,both providedwithlong coarsesetae.
Dorsal dististyle
blackened,gentlycurved,the outerfourthmore narrowedinto a longacute point. Ventraldististyle,
vd, with the main body oval, relativelysmall; rostralprolongation
verylooselyjoined,appeatingas a powerfulfeeblysclerotizedarm that ismoreenlargedat base, the outertwo-thirds
moreslenderand sinuous,the tip obtuse,witha fewstrongsetae; rostralspinesborneon outermarginof the narrowedpart,unusuallylong and powerful,considerably
longerthan the prolongation
beyondthe pointof insertion of the outerone. Gonapophysis,g, withmesal-apicallobe long and slender,black-

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

47

ened, its lateral edge microscopically
toothedor roughened.Aedeagus, a, dlendcr,
blackened.
Limonia (Dicranomyia)vulgata (Bergroth,1888) (ochracea Doane, 1900).-WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, October1, 1945, June20, 1946; Sta. 3, July2, 1946
(F). Cascades: MountHood-BearSprings,3,200 ft.,August8, 1946 (F); Still Creek,
3,600 ft.,July16, 1947 (A). Big Meadows,North Santiam,3,460 ft.,August 17,
1947 (Albright); TombstoneMeadows, South Santiam,August 17, 1947 (F). Blue
Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,July25, August29, October3, 1948 (Baker); Langdon
Lake, September9, 1949 (Davis); LittlePhillipsCreek,2,850 ft.,July3, 1948 (A);
PineCreek,June30, 1949 (Baker S Sperry). Wallowas: Johnson
Park,Wallowa River,
2,750 ft.,July2, 1948 (A); LostineValley,Shady ForestCamp, 5,600 ft.,August 19,
1948 (A ).
Limonia (Dicranomyia)willamettensis
Alexander,1949.-WillamerteRiver,2 miles
southof Dayton,June24, 1948 (F), typz. The male hypopygium
is shown(Fig. 13).
Limonia (Rhip.dia) fidelis(Osten Sac'--en.1859).-Blue Mts.: So2th for'-;of the

vd

10

12

vd

9r

11

1~~~~9t

1

Figs. 10-13.-Male hypopygia:10. Limonia (Dicranomyia) inhabilisAlexander.
11. L. (Dicranomyia)nielseniAlexander. 12. L. (Dicranomyia)piscataquisAlexander.
Alexander(See fig.1 forexplanationof symbols).
13. L. (Dicranomyia)willamettensis

48

THE AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST

51 (1)

Upper Walla Walla River,belowthe plant of the PacificPower and Light Company,
1,450 ft.,July4, 1948 (A).
Limonia(Rhipidia) leconteiAlexander,1940 (Replacementname formaculataMcigen, 1818, preoccupiedby maculataMeigen, 1804).-Coast: Coquille River, Sitkum,
August 5, 1948 (H. W. Thorne); Humbug MountainState Park, August 11, 1948
(F); JordanCreek, September5, 1948 (F); Lee's Camp, September18-25, 1949
(Davis); Saddle Mt. (Boyer) April 21, June2, 1934 (Macnab and associates). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, June20, July26, August6, 1946; Sta. 2, May 6, 1947;
Sta. 3A,.May 4, 1945, on swordfern,July16, August30, September10, 1948; Sta. 4,
April 19, 1947 (F). McMinnville,May 24, 1947, May 26-30,June7, 1948 (F). Cascades: Mount Hood-BearCreek,1,400 ft.,August 1, 1948 (F). Cascadia, August2,
1948 (F). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,August 18-20,September19, 1948, July
31, 1949 (Baker). Wallowas: Above the Lazy T Ranch, 5,000 ft., July9, 1949
(Sperry); Lostine,3,375 ft.,July2, 1948 (A).
Limonia(Discobola) annulata(Linnaeus,1758) (argus Say, 1824; imperialis
Loew,
1851).-Wallowas: Lazy T Ranch,4,500 ft.,August26, 1949 (G. H. Sperry).
Limonia (Discobola) neoelegans nom. nov. (for elegansDoane, Journ.N. Y.
Ins. Lapponica,Diptera,p. 837, 1838;
Ent. Soc., 8: 186, 1900; nec elegansZetterstedt,
nec elegansWiedemann,Aussereur.zweifl.Ins., 2: 617, 1830).-Coast: ChetcoRiver,August11, 1948 (F); GunaldoFalls, June30, July14, 1949 (F); High Heaven, June
22, 1945, August6, 1946, July12, 1949 (F); Humbug MountainState Park, August
11, 1948 (F); JessieM. HoneymanState Park, August 12, 1948 (F); Saddle Mt.
(Boyer), July21, 1935 (Macnab and associates);Saddle MountainState Park,July24,
1949 (F). WillainetteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, June10, July3, 1946, May 15-27,1947;
Sta. 2, May 20, June18, 1946; Sta. 3, June9-25, 1948, July2, 1949; Sta. 3A, May
29, 1947,June2, 1948 (F). HendersonsBridge,May 22, 1947 (F); SilverCreekFalis,
August2, 1948 (F). Cascades: Mount Hood-BearCreek, 1,400 ft.,August 1, 1948
(A & F); Beaver Creek,,1,150 ft., August7, 1946 (A & F). House Rock Forest
Camp,August3, 1948 (A & F).
I am greatlyindebtedto Dr. Alan Stone for informationand suggestions
regardingtlle synonymyof the presentfly and variousothernames that are preoccupiedin the
Tipulidae.
Antocha (Antocha) monticolaAlexander,1917.-Coast: Humbug MountainState
Park,August 11, 1948 (F); JordanCreek,September5, 1948 (F); Lee's Camp, September18-25,1949 (Davis). WillametteValley: SilverCreekFalls, July8, 1949 (F).
Cascades: MountHood-HorsetailFalls, August9, 1946, July19, 1947 (A & F); Oneonta Gorge,August9, 1946, July19, 1947 (A I& F), both sexesrestingand bobbing
on clifffacesbut not ovipositing.Cascadia, August2, 1948 (A & F); DeschutesRiver
Guard Station,4,635 ft.,August6, 1948 (A); LittleDeschutesRiver,August4, 1946(A); MetoliusRiver,June14, 1945, June15, 1947, August3, 1948 (F); Odell Lake,
4,760 ft.,August6, 1948 (A); RiversEdge ForestCamp, WillametteRiver,August5,
1946 (A); Schweitzer
Creek.WillametteRiver,August5, 1946 (A). EasternOregon:
Bly, 4,355 ft.,June13, 1945 (F). Wallowas: Johnson
Park,Wallowa River,2,750 ft.,
August 18-20, 1948 (A); Lazy T Ranch, 4,500 ft., August 24-31, September3-10,
1949 (Sperry).
EllipteraastigmaticaAlexander,1912.-Coast: Gunaldo Falls, June6, 1949 (F);
MarysPeak, June1, 1946 (F). WillametteValley: SilverCreekFalls, 950 ft.,August
2, 1948 (A & F), July8, 1949 (Davis). Cascades: Mount Hood-MultnoniahFalls,
August9, 1946, July19, 1947 (A); Sahale Falls, July17, 1947, July31, 1948 (A &F); Tilly JaneCreek,5,600 ft.,July29, 1948 (A). NorthSantiamHighway,May 30,
1949 (F); Salt CreekFalls, 3,800 ft.,July14, 1947 (A), August7, 1948 (F). Crater
Lake-VidaeFalls, 6,500 ft.,August2, 1946 (A).
Dicranoptycha
melampygia
Alexander,1949.-Coast: High Heaven, July12, 1949
(F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, July3-18, 1946, June19-24, 1947; Sta. 2,
July1, 1948 (F). BakerCreekValley, McMinnville,June14-30, 1948 (F); McMinnville,June14-30, 1948 (F); Zena, Eola Hills, June5, 1948 (F), typematerial.Cascades: MountHood-Hood RiverMeadows,4,500 ft.,July17, 1947 (F).
Dicranoptycha
nigrogenualis
Alexander,1949.-Coast: Saddle MountainState Park,
July24, 1949 (F). Cascades: MountHood-Sahale Falls, 4,575 ft.,July17, 1947 (A),partof typematerial.Blue Mts.: LittlePhillipsCreek,4,000 ft.,July3, 1948 (A).
Dicranoptycha
quadrivittata
Alexander,1919.-Wallowas: Wallowa Lake, July2,

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

49

1949 (Sperry); trailaboveLazy T Ranch,5,000 ft.,July6, 1949 (Sperry). A characteristic
RockyMountainspecies.
Dicranoptycha
spinosissima
Alexander,1949.-Blue Mts.: LittlePhillipsCreek,near
Elgin,2,850 ft.,July2, 1948 (A); partof typematerial.
Dicranoptycha
stenophallus
Alexander,1949.-Coast: HumbugMountainState Park,
August11, 1948 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, June20, July26, August6,
1946, July3, 1947; Sta. 2, May 20, August20, 1946, July11-12, 1945; Sta. 3, July
21, August13, September13, 1946; Sta. 3A, July14-16,1948 (F), partof typematerial. Happy Valley, McMinnville,August 6, 1946 (F); PantherCreek,McMinnville,
July25, 1948 (F); ForestGrove,July8-12 (Cole), determined
1920 by Alexanderas
sobrinaOstenSacken,in error;Independence,
July6, 1934 (N. P. Larson); SilverCreek
Falls, August1, 1948 (A &i F), verynumerous
in openwoodsabovefalls. SouthernOregon: O'Brien,August9, 1948 (A i& F); State Line Creek,August9, 1948 (A & F).
Cascades: Mount Hood-Cloud Cap Inn Junction,
August 9, 1946 (F); Eagle Creek,
300 ft., July18, 1947 (A); Hood Rapids at 3,000 ft., July29, 1921 (Melander);HorsetailFalls, August9, 1946 (A &i F). Blue Mts.: LangdonLake, 4,995 ft.,August
17, 1948 (A); LittlePhillipsCreek,above Elgin,2,850 ft.,July2, 1948 (A), part oftypematerial,
PEDICIINI

Ula (Ula) elegans Osten Sacken, 1869.-WillametteValley: Silver Creek Falls,
1,000 ft.,May 9, 1948 (F).
Ula (Ula) pauperaOstenSacken,1869.-Coast: AgateBeach,March27, 1949 (F);High Heaven, August6, 1946, April 1, july 12, 1949 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, July2, 1948 (F). Cascades: Mount Hood, Salmon River,July30, 1948
(F). Lost Prairie,3,700 ft.,August3, 1948 (F); MetoliusRiver,2,800 ft.,August3,
1948 (A); Odell Lake, 4,760 ft., August 6, 1948 (F); Salt Creek Falls, 3,800 ft.,
August 7, 1948 (F). Blue Mts.: Spring Creek, June 24-26, August 20-29, 1948
(Baker); LangdonLake, 4,970 ft.,July3, 1948 (A).
Ornithodes
haTrimani
Coquillett,1900.-Cascades: Salt CreekFalls, 3,800 ft.,August
7, 1948 (F).
Pedicia (Pedicia) magnifica
Hine, 1903 (as Peditia).-Cascades: MountHood, taken
by H. K. Morrison,in the Bigot Collection(Osten Sacken, 1895). CraterLake-Cold
SpringsForestCamp, 5,900 ft., at light,August7, 1948 (F); Pole BridgeMeadow,
5,900 ft.,August 11, 1935 (GeorgeFerguson). Fort Klamath,August16, 1922 (L. R.
Dice); Universityof Michigan.
Pedicia (Pedicia) obtusaOstenSacken,1877.-WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 3A,
September10, 1948 (F). HithertofromCalifornia.Part of the male hypopygium
is*hown(Fig. 14).
Pedicia (Pedicia) parvicellulaAlexander,1938.-Coast: Lee's Camp, September1825, 1949 (Davis); Saddle Mt. (Boyer), September26, 1936 (Macnab); Tillamook,
September19-21, 1949 (Davis). Cascades: Mount Hood-Hood River Meadows,4,500
ft., July31, 1948 (F); HcrsethiefMeadows, 3,400 ft., August 9, 1946 (F); Robin
Hood ForestCamp, 3,560 ft.,August9, 1946 (Macnab); Still Creek,3,600 ft.,July31,
1948 (A & F). MetoliusRiver,at Lower BridgeForestCamp, 2,600 ft., August3,
1948 (A 4& F); Odell Lake, Lazy Creek,4,800 ft.,August4, 1946 (A); Tombstone
Meadows, South Santiam,August 17, 1947 (F). CraterLake-Pole Creek Meadows,
5,900 ft.,August2-4, 1946 (A), August8, 1948 (A &i F); smallerthan the typicalformand requirefurther
studyand comparisons.Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,
August29, 1948 (Baker).
Pedicia (Tricyphona) ampla (Doane, 1900).-Willamette Valley: Peavine,Sta. 1,
October3, 1945; Sta. 2, Septemnber
12, October5, 1946; Sta. 3, September11, 1948;
Sta. 3A, September18, 1945, September10, 1948 (F). Corvallis,September21-25,
1905; ForestGrove,May 5, October3 (Cole).
Pedicia (Tricyphona)aperta(Coquillett,1905).-Coast: High Heaven,May 4, 1947
(F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 3A, October18, 1946, May 12, 1947 (F). Silver CreekFalls, August2, 1948 (A i& F), July8, 1949 (F). Cascades: MountHoodBear Creek, August 1, 1948 (A & F); Hood River,June8 (Cole); Hood River
Meadows,4,480 ft.,July17, 1947 , July31, 1948 (A i& F); HorsetailFalls, 100 ft.,
July19, 1947 (A & F); HorsethiefMeadows, 3,400 ft.,July 18, 1947 (F); Robin
Hood ForestCamp, 3,560 ft.,August8, 1946 (F); Still Creek,3,600 ft.,October6,
1945, July16, 1947 (F); Streambelowtimberline,
5,000 ft.,July16, 1947 (A). Des-

50

THE AMERICAN MIDLAND

NATURALIST

51 (1)

chutesRiverGuard Station,4,635 ft.,August6, 1948 (A); Dutchman'sFlat, Century
Drive,6,100 ft.,August5, 1948 (A & F); Odell Lake, 4,760 ft.,August6, 1948 (F);Salt CreekFalls, 3,800 ft.,July14, 1947 (MMA); SparksLake, 5,450 ft.,August5,
1948 (A); SummitLake, WillamettePass, 5,120 ft., August 7, 1948 (A); Tumalo
Creek,Bend, 3,610 ft.,August 15, 1948 (A). CraterLake-AnnieSprings,6,000 ft.,
August1, 1946 (A); Pole CreekMeadows,5,900 ft.,July12, 1947, August7, 1948
(A & F). EasternOregon: Seneca, Malheur National Forest,June 12, 1947 (F);
Ochoco National Forest,June14, 1947 (F). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,June
25, August29, September12, 1948 (Baker); LittlePhillipsCreek,4,000 ft.,July3,
1948 (A.); Whitney,June19, 1949 (Baker). Wallowas: AneroidLake trail,7,000 ft.,July26, 1949 (Baker); Wallowa Creek,springat Power Plant, 4,675 ft., June29,
1948 (A).
Pedicia (Tricyphona)bicomataAlexander,1943.-Coast: Bald Mt., July19, 1942(F); Lee's Camp, September18-25,1949 (Davis); Seaside,August7, 1940 (Townles),type. WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, May 18, July26, 1946; Sta. 3, May 16,
June4, July16, September13, 1946, May 3-20, July8, September3, 1947, May 25,
June29, 1948, July2, 1949; Sta. 3A, May 16, July11, September10, October 12,
1945, May 21, July5, September17, October1, 1946, May 5-29, 1947, May 12, June2, August30, September13, 1948 (F). Silver Creek Falls, 800 ft.,August2, 1948
(F). Cascades: MountHood-BearCreek,1,400 ft.,July16, 1947, August1, 1948 (A& F); BeaverCreek,August
7, 1946 (A & F); Eagle Creek,August2, 1921 (Melander); Hood River,June30, 1917 (Melander); Hood River Meadows,July17, 1947(A); Horsethief
Meadows,July18, 1947 (Macnab); MultnomahFalls, August9, 1946,
July19, 1947 (A); Still Creek,July16, 1947, July31, 1948 (F); Streambelowtimberline, 5,000 ft.,July16, 1947 (A). Lost Prairie,3,700 ft.,Auigust3, 1948 (A & F);
MetoliusRiver,2,200 ft., June 15, 1947, August3, 1948 (F); North Santiam,May
30, 1949 (F); Odell Lake, 4,760 ft.,August6, 1948 (A); Salt CreekFalls, August7,
1948 (F); TombstoneMeadows,South Santiam,August,17, 1947 (Albright); Willis
Creek,NorthSantiam,Augast 17, 1947 (F).
Male hypopygium(Fig. 17) withthe ninthtergite,
9t, transverse,
the caudal margin
witha broad U-shapednotch,the muchbroaderlobes verydenselyprovidedwithshorterectsetulae,withstrongpale setaeback fromthemargin.Basistyle,b, at apex produced
into an elongatelobe, narrowedto the obtusetip, the apex back for about one-halfthe lengthof thelobe withconspicuous
retrorse
spines;mesalfaceof stylenear base witha brushof long yellowsetae. Interbase,i, a powerfulsimplerod, stout-based,
angularly
bentat nearone-third
the length,thenceproducedinto a long straightspine. Dististyle,d, elongate,tapering
graduallyto the obtusetip,on outermarginat base witha powerfulcurvedspinethatis aboutas long as thestylebeyondthe pointof insertion.Phallosome,p, withthe aedeagusweakbut relatively
slender,fullytwicethe lengthof the subtending
the latterobtusely
apophyses,
roundedat tips.
Pedicia (Tricyphona) cascadensis sp. nov.-General colorationdark brownish
gray,the praescutum
withthreescarcelydifferentiateddarkerstripes;antennae(male)as long as the wings;halteresunusually
16-segmented,
elongate,approximately
two-thirds
long and slender;wingswith a weak brownishtinge,stigmaslightlydarker;cell M)
closedor openby the atrophyof m; male hypopygium
withthe apex of basistyleflattenedand scooplike;dististyle
dividedintotwolong conspicuousarms.
S. Length,about7.5-8 mm.;wing7.5-8.5 mm.; antenna,about5-5.5 mm.
Rostrumbrownish
black. Antennae(male) 16-segmented,
gray;palpi brownish
elongate, approximately
two-thirds
the lengthof the wing; flagellarsegmentselongate-cylindrical,the outerones graduallyshorter,
terminalsegmentaboutone-halfthe penultimate;verticilsshort,about one-fourth
to one-fifth
the segments,
placed beyondthe middleof
rl&eirlength;segmentswith a shortdense erectpubescence,additionalto the verticils.
Head darkbrownish
gray;vertexbroad.
Thorax dark brownishgray,the praescutum
withthreescarcelydifferentiateddarkerstripes;dorsopleuralregiondusky. Halteres unusuallylong and slender,stemobscureyellow,knobinfuscated.Legs withthe coxae brown,pruinose;trochantersobscureyellow;
temainderof.iegs brownish
black,the femoralbases restrictedly
obscureyellow,evenmore
limitedon the posteriorlegs. Wings (Fig. 15) with a weak brownishtinge,the oval
stigmaslightlydarkerbrown;veinsdark brown.Venation: Rs long,reachingits maximumlengthin the holotype,arcuatedto weaklyangulatedat origin;cell R4 fromonefourthto one-fifth
longerthan its petiole;cell M9 closed or open by the atrophyof m
as figured);m-cuat or a shortdistancebeyondtheforkof M.
(closed in the holotype,

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

51

obscureAbdominaltergites
and hypopygium
dark brown,the moreproximalsternites(Fig. 18) withthe basistyle,b, shortyellow,the outerones darker. MvIalehypopygium
and compact,the outerportionbeyondthe dististyle
producedinto a verythinscooplikeblade, with a shortarflattenedarm immediately
beyondthe dististyle.Interbase,i, astoutstraightrod, its tip acute. Dististyle,d, withtwo verylong conspicuousarms,theoutermrrore
flattenedand subcultrate
in outline.
Holotype,8, Hood River,MountHood, 4,480 ft.,August8, 1946 (C. P. Alexancer). Paratopotypes,
3 , (, July31, 1948 (C. P. Alexander); paratypes,4 ,Island Lake, BeartoothMts., along the Cooke-RedLodge Highway,Wyoming,about
9,000 ft.,July10, 1946 (M. E. Smith).
Pedicia (7ricyphona)cascadensisis readilytold fioniall otherregionalspeciesby the
In its venation,it is mostelongateantennaeof the male and the distinctive
hypopygium.
in the shortantennaeand in thesimilarto P. (T.) glacialis(Alexander),whichdiffers
male hypopygium.
-erydifferent
Pedicia (Tricyphona)constens(1Doane,1900).-Coast: PacificCity,May 23, 1948
(F); SourgrassCreek,May 17, 1948 (F); Tierra del Mar, May 13, 1949 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, May 11-18, 1946, May 24, 1947; Sta. 2, May 31,
1946; Sta. 3, March 9, April 22, 1946, March 12, May 3-30, 1947; Sta. 3A, October
3-23,November8, 1945, October1, 1946, May 5-29,June30, 1947, May 17-24,June
2-8, September10, 1948, May 6, 1949 (F). ClackamasCounty,May 15, 1946 (J. F.
Bock); ForestGrove,March 29 (Cole); Happy Valley, McMinnville,April 14, 1946
(F); Portland,1927 (E. WalleyJones). Cascades: MountHood-BearCreek,August1,
1948 (F); Hood RiverMeadows,July31, 1948; HorsethiefMeadows,August9, 1946
(F); MultnomahFalls, August9, 1946 (A & F); Still Creek,July16, 1947 (A). Lost
Prairie,3,700 ft.,August3, 1948 (A & F); MetoliusRiver,2,600 ft.,August3, 1948
(A k& F). CraterLake-PoleCreekMeadows,August7, 1948 (F). Blue Mts.: Spring
Creek,3,900 ft.,June25, July25, August20-22, 1948,June10-30,1949 (Baker). Wallowas: Wallowa Lake, July3, 1949 (Sperry).
Male hypopygium(Fig. 19) withthe tergite,
9t, transverse,
the caudal marginvery
therebeinga veryshallowmedianlobe and variouslydeveloped
shallowlytriemarginate,sublaterallobes that are furtherseparatedfromthe still morelateralpair of lobes byevenmoreshallownotches;apex of centralpartof tergalmarginmicroscopicallysetulose.
In the lowerfigure,a variationin the tergaloutlineis shown. Basistyle,b, with the
fewblackenedspines,chieflyon the mesal face;
apical lobe veryslender,withrelatively
at base of the lobe witha moreflattened
reddishplate thatis extendedinto a subacutepoint,the surfacewithabundantdensepale setulae. Interbase,i, complex,producedintoa slendercurvedspinewitha small lobule on outermarginnear base; surrounding
theinterbasea darkenedlobe bearinga brushof unusuallylong yellowsetae. Dististyle,d,chieflybilobed,the outerlobe withlongerectyellowsetae,the innerlobe at apex bearing
twostoutblackenedspines. Phallosome,p, withthe aedeagusstraight,
weak,juttingslightly beyondthe apicesof thegonapophyses.
Pedicia (Tricyphona)degenerata(Alexander,1917).-Cascades: CraterLake-Annie
Springs,6,000 ft.,August 1, 1946 (A). Wallowas: AneroidLake trail,7,000 ft.,July
26, 1949 (Baker); Eagle Cap WildernessArea, 5,000 ft.,June28, 1948 (A); Lostine
Valley,5,500 ft.,August19, 1948 (MMA).
Pedicia (Tricyphona)diaphana (Doane, 1900).-Coast: Grand Ronde, March 31,
1949 (F); Saddle Mt. (Boyer), April 27, 1935 (Macnab). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, May 22, 1947; Sta. 3, March 9, May 29, 1946, March 17, April 11, May7-20, 1947; Sta. 3A, May 5, 1947, June8, 1948 (F). Cascades: Mount Hood-Hood
RiverMeadows,July17, 1947,July31, 1948 (A & F). MetoliusRiver,June14, 1945,
June15, 1947, August3, 1948 (F). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,September519, 1948, May 9, 1949 (Baker); Balloon Tree trail,5,000 ft.,July3, 1948 (A). Wallowas: LostineValley, 5,000 ft.,July1, 1948 (A).
Pedicia (Tricyphona) fenderiana sp. nov.-Thorax dull black,the pleurasomemorepruinose;antennaeshort;haltereselongate;wingsweaklygrayishyellow,theMwhat
stigmaalnda seam alongveinCu faintlydarker;cell R4 sessileor short-petiolate,cell 1st
withthe basistyleproducedinto a slenderlobe thatis proM. long; male hypopygiuLm
vided withnumerousblackenedpegs; interbasea stoutflattened
blade, narrowedat tip
intoa daggerlike
point,the surfacewithmicroscopic
setulae;dististylea long slenderrod;of two divergent
horns.
phallosomeconsisting
8. Length,about8.5-9 mm.;wing,9.5-10mm.;antenna,about0.8-0.9mm.
Rostrumand palpi black. Antennaeshort,black throughout;flagellarsegments
oval,thantheverticils.Head brownish
shorterblack,sparselypruinose;vertexbroad.

52

THE

AMERICAN MIDLAND

51 (1)

NATURALISTThorax dull black,the pleurasomewhatmorepruinose.Haltereselongate,stemdirty
white,clearerat base,knobinfuscated.Legs withthe forecoxaeobscureyellow,restrictedyellow;remaincoxaedarkbrown,pale at tips; trochantersly darkenedat base, remaining
yellow. Wings (Fig. 16) witha weakder of legs black,the femoralbases restrictedly
grayishyellowground,the stigmaverypale brown,inconspicuous;a poorlyindicatedlong,anguduskyseam alongvein Cu; wingbase moreyellowed.Venation:Rs relatively
lated and weaklyspurredat origin;r-m at forkof vein R4 5, cell R4 thus sessileor
shott-petioled;cell 1st M9 long,m subequalto or muchshorterthanthe basal sectionof
v in M.; rn-cuat or beyondthe forkof M.
Male hypoAbdomenelongate,brownishblack to black,includingthe hypopygium.
moreorthe caudal rnargintruncated,
9t, transvetse,
pygium(Fig. 20) withthe tergite,
thickened
and dark,ened;
medianless trilobed,the laterallobes withthe marginsnarrowly
no developedarea broader,emarginateat midline,the borderdarkenedand setiferous;

91

\9'

17

14

91

19

/d

p~~~~~~~~~~318b

22

Figs. 14-22.--14. Pedicia (Pedicia) obtusa Osten Sacken, male hypopygium,ninth
tergite. 15-16. Venation: 15. Pedicia (Tricyphona) cascadensis sp. nov. 16. Pedicia (Tricyphona) fendeniana sp. nov. 17-22. Male hypopygia: 17. P. (Tricyphona) bicomata
Alexander; 18. Pedicia (Tricyphona) cascadensis sp. nov. 19. P. (Tricyphona) constans
Doane. 20. P. (Tricyphona) fenderiana sp. nov. 21. P. (Tricyphona) glacialis Alexander. 22. P. (Tricyphona) macrop!hallusAlexander (See fig. 1 for explanation of symbols).

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

53

lateraltergalarms. Basistyle,b, producedapicallyinto a slenderlobe that is set withnumerousblackenedpeglikespinoussetae; at its base and near the originof the dististylewitha small shortfingerlike
lobule; mesal face of basistylenear proximalend witha groupor brushof unusuallylong setae; setae of outersurfaceof stylelong and conspicuous. Interbase,i, a stoutflattened
blade, the tip obtuse,abruptlyproducedinto a
daggerlikepoint;surfaceof blade withsmall setae,theseverynumerousand congested
near apex; neairer
base witha concentrationof longersetae. Dististyle,d, a long slenderparallel-sided
rod, its tip obtuse,the surfacewithscatteredmicroscopic
pale punctures.
Phallosome,p, conisistinghornsthatnarrowintostrongspines.
essentiallyof twodivergent
Holotype,6, in poorcondition,
SourgrassCreek,YamhillCo., in Coast Range,May
17, 1948 (K. M. Fender). Paratopotypes,
4 8 g.
This unusuallyinteresting
speciesis named for the collector,KennethM. Fender,
studentof theNearcticfireflies,
the difficult
Malthodescomplex.The nearest
particularly
ally is Pedicia (Tricyphona)unigeraAlexander,whichdiffers
in the coloration,
venationand structureof themale hypopygium.
Pedicia (Tricyphona) glacialis (Alexander, 1917).-Coast: Saddle Mt., Hood
CravenCabin,.3,000 ft.,September30, 1933 (Macnab). Cascades: Mount Hood-One
milesouthof the Wapinitiacut-off
junction,
August7, 1946 (F). TombstoneMeadows,
South Santiam,August 17, 1947 (F).
Male hypopygium(Fig. 21) havingthe ninthtergite,
9t, withwhat appearsto be alooselyattachednarrowposteriorborderthatis denselysetiferous,
easilytornor broken
fromthe main body of the tergitebehindit. Basistyle,b, producedbeyondthe pointof
insertionof the dististyleas a stoutlobe, the entireouterportiondenselyset withlong
blackenedspiculeswhichpass into stoutsetae morebasad on main body of style;mesal
face of stylewitha low lobe thatis abundantly
setiferous.Interbase,i, a flattened
cultrithan in others,this possiblydue toformblade, in some specimensappearingnarrower
tilting.Dististyle,d, a simpledusky,verybroad based blade thatnarrowsto an obtuse
point,beforemridlength
witha lacuna or clear space,in mostspecimens
the apex of thestylebeyondthispointmorebentor pendant.Phallosome,p, withthe aedeagusrelatively
small,projecting
beyondthe incurvedapicesof the gonapophyses.
Pedicia (Tricyphona)macrophallus
macrophallus
Alexander,1945.-Coast: Humbug
MountainState Park,August 11, 1948 (F); wingsslightlymorepatterned
than in thetype,approaching
the race actaeon;Meadow Lake, June6, 1948 (Albright). Willamette\'ailey: Silver Creek Falls, June23, 1939 (Aitken & Bohart), type;August2, 1948
(A). Cascades: Hazel Creek,nearDexter,990 ft.,August5, 1946, July15, 1947 (A).
Male hypopygium(Fig. 22) verylarge. Ninth tergite,9t, large, producedandnarrowedoutwardly,
the caudal end relatively
narrow,emarginate.Basistyle,b, large,of the dististyle
the apex producedbeyondthe pointof insertion
as a flattened
blade, theapex and marginof whichbearsnumeroussmall black spicules;nearerbase of styleandcloseto the interbasewitha conicallobe bearingseverallong yellowsetae. Interbase,i,a simpleelongaterod, the part of the basistylenear its base witha groupof fourstout
black spines. Dististyle,d, deeplybilobed,each lobe a long slenderarm,the outersomewhat shorter,its tip obtuse,the marginwithrelatvelyfew erectpale setae; innerarm
longer,moresinuous,terminating
in a singlestrongblack spine; at base of forkof thestylewithone further
spine. Phallosome,p, withthe aedeagusunusuallylarge and conspicuous,appearingas a stout,gentlycurvedrod, the apex a littleexpanded,obtuse,thethe gonapophy.
marginat nearmidlength
bearinga slenderlobe; whatappearto represent
ses are oval flattenedplatesat the base of the aedeagus.
actaeonAlexander,1947.-Coast: High Heaven,
Pedicia (Tricyphona)macrophallus
May 4, 1947 (F); Humbug MountainState Park, August 11, 1948 (F). Southern
Oregon: State Line Creek,August9, 1948 (A & F). The type,fromcoastalnorthern
California,is even largerthan the prescntmaterialsbut has the same conspicuously
patfromthatof the typicalform.
ternedwings,givingan appearancequitedistinct
P-edicia(Tricyphona) protea (Alexander,1918).-Coast: Agate Beach, March 27,
1949 (F); Cascade Head Experimental
Forest,May 23, 1948 (F); CastleRock,March
31, 1949 (F); CoquilleRiver,Sitkum,August5, 1948 (H. W. Thorn); Gunaldo Falls,
May 17, 1948, May 13, June6, 1949 (F); Hemlock,April 5, 1949 (F); High Heaven,
May 4, 1947 (F); Saddle Mt. (Boyer), May 6, October12, 1934, March 17, May 19,
1935, April 18-25, 1936 (Macnab and associates);Sand Lake, April 12, 1949; Tierradel Mar, May 13, 1949 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, Juy3, 1947; Sta. 3,
March 21, April 12, 1946, May 3-15, 1947, June4, 1948, May 26, 1949; Sta. 3A,
May 3, 1946,May 12, 1947, May 6, 1949 (F). Happy Valley,McMinnville,April 14,
1946 (F); SilverCreekFalls, May 9, 1948 (F), May 2; 1949 (F & Davis). Cascades:

54

THE AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST

51 (1)

MViount
Hood-BeaverCreek,1,150 ft.,July16, 1947 (F); streambelowtimberline,
5,000
ft.,July16, 1947 (A). NorthSantiam,May 30, 1949 (F); Odell Lake, alongvarious
small streamsflowinginto the lake fromthe north,JLly 13, 1947 (A). Wallowas:
LostineValley Guard Station,4,900 ft.,June30, 1948 (A); Wallowa Creek,springat PowerPlant,4,630 ft.,June30, 1948 (A).
Ped-cia (Tr `cphona) septentrionalis(Bergroth,1888) (sparsipuncta
septentri6nalis
Alexander,1920).-Coast: Sand Lake, April 12, 1949 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, October3, 1945; Sta. 3, April 12, May 5, October11, 1946; Sta. 3A,
October1, 1946 (F). Corvallis,May 14, 1917 (Moulton); Hillsboro,April 1, 1919
(Cole), typesof sparsipuncta;
McMinnville,April 14, 1945, at light (F). Cascades:
Prospect,May 28, 1921 (Dyar).
Pedicia (Tricyphona)septentrionalis
vitripennis(Doan'e, 1900).-Coast: Lee's Camp,
September18-25, 1949 (Davis); Saddle Mt. (Boyer), October 10, 1936 (Macnab).
WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 3, May 3-30, 1947; Sta. 3A, April 12, May 21, 1946,
May 24, 1948 (F). Summit,650 ft.,June5, 1929 (Scullen). Cascades: Prospect,May
28, 1921 (Dyar). This is evidently
onlya colorformof septentrionalis
withthe wings
unpatternedor virtuallyso.
Pedicia (Tricyphona) smithae Alexander, 1941.-Cascades: Mount Hood-Hood
RiverMeadows,4,480 ft.,July17, 1947, July31, 1948 (A & F); Northforkof Iron
Creek,4,400 ft.,July30-31, 1948 (A & F); Sahale Falls, 4,575 ft., July17, 1947,
July31, 1948 (A & F); Still Creek,July16, 1947 (F); Streambelowtimberline,
5,000
ft.,July16, 1947 (A); Tilly JaneCreek,5,600-5,700ft.,July18, 1947, July29-30,
1948 (A & F). CraverLake-SouthRim, 7,100 ft.,August 1, 1930 (Scullen); CastlecrestGarden,6,800 ft.,August2, 1946 (A). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,June
24-26, 1948 (A & Baker).
Pedicia (Tricyphona) townesianatownesianaAlexander,1942.-Cascades: Mount
Hood-Multnomnah
Falls, August9, 1946 (F); RobinHood ForestCamp,3,560 ft.,in wet
swale,July17, 1947 (A). Salt CreekFalls, August7, 1948 (A).
Pedicia (Tricyphona) townesiana majuscula subsp.nov.g. Length,about 11 mm.;wing,11 mm.
Y. Length,about 12-14mm.;wing,11.5-12.8mm.
almostsolelyin the unusuallylarge size.
Very similarto the typicalform,differingAt firstsightthisappearsto represent
distinct
an entirely
speciesbut a carefulcomparison
failsto revealany significant
differences
exceptthe above,whichis verystriking.
Hlolatype, 0 on rlic3e,
Lee's Camp, Coast Range,September18, 1949 (J. E. Davis).
Allotopotype,$ on slide. Paratopotype,a $ on slide;paratype,Y , JordanCreek,Coast
Range,September
5, 1948 (K. M. Fender).
Pedicia (Tricyphona)unigeraAlexander,1949.-Coast: GunaldoFalls, June6, 1949
(F); Harris Beach State Park, August 11, 1948 (F) . SouthernOregon: State Line
Creek,August9, 1948 (A). Cascades: Mount Hood-BearCreek,1,400 ft.,August1,
1948 (F); Still Creek,3,600 ft.,July16, 1947, July31, 1948 (F); Streambelowtimberline,5,000 ft.,July16, 1947 (A). Big Meadows,NorthSantiam,3,460 ft.,August
17, 1947 (F); Hazel Creek,990 ft.,August5, 1946 (A), type;Lost Prairie,3,700 ft.,
August3, 1948 (A); NorthSantiamHighway,May 30, 1949 (F); Salt Creek Falls,
3,700 ft.,August7, 1948 (F).
Dicranota(Dicranota) argenteaDoane, 1900 (montanaAlexander,1920).-WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 2, March 13,1947 (F). Cascades: MetoliusRiver,June14,
1945 (F).
Dicranota (Dicranota) astigma sp. nov.-General coloration
gray,the praescutum
withthreeentirebrownish
graystripes;antennaeshortin bothsexes,12-segmented;
apex
the stigmaonlya trifledarkerthantheof-knobof halteresinfuscated;wingssubhyaline,
crossveinground;RK and the *upernumerary
widelyseperated;cell RK veryshort-petiowiththe caudal borderof the tergite
late to barelysessile,m lacking;male hypopygium
the lateralarmslong and narrow,theirtipsdecurvedintosharppoints;
gentlyemarginate,interbasea long pale blade, the apex obtuse;dististylencarlyas long as the innerapicallobe of basistyle,the tip broadlyrounded.
a. Length,about5.3-5.5mm.;wing,7-7.3 mm.;antenna,about0.8-0.9mm.
9. Length,about6-7 mm.;wing,7.2-8.3mm.
Rostrumgray; palpi dark brown. Antennae12-segmented,
black, the scape more
one aboutone-halflongerthanithe penultipruinose;flagellarsegments
oval. the terminal

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

55

mate and apparently formed by the fusion of two segments. Head brownish gray, theanteriorpart somiewhatclearer gray.
Pronotum gray, more infuscated medially. Mesonotum gray, the praescutum withthree darker brownish gray stripes, the median one entire; scutal lobes weakly darkened.
Pleura gray. Halteres pale, apex of knob infuscated. Legs with the coxae pale, pruinose;
trochantersobscure yellow; remainder of legs brown, the outer tarsal segments darker.
Wings (Fig. 23) subhyaline, the extremebase more yellowed; stigma only a trifledarker
than the gi-ound; veins brown. Venation: Sc1 ending a short distance beyond the suipernumerarycrossveinin Cell R1, the latterwidely separated fromvein R2 so that the second
section of R2+, is approximatelythree times the firstsection or about one-fifthlonger
than Rs; cell R. usually sessile but in cases with a short element R2+3+4; Rs in cases
stronglyangulated beyond origin.
Abdomen dark brown, in female with the genital segment more obscure yellow. Ovipositor with cerci horn-yellow,long and powerful, gently upcurved. Male hypopygium(Fig. 27) with the caudal border of the tergite,9t, gently emarginate,the lateral arms
relatively long and narrow, the slightly dilated triangular head decurved into a sharp
point; surface of tergite with abundant setae. Basistyle, b, with the outer apical lobe
stout, with relatively few setae, all long and slender, the somewhat smaller inner lobe
with numerous blackened spinous setae. Interbase, i, a long pale blade, the outer end
moderatelydilated, the apex obtuse. Dististyle, d, nearly as long as the inner apical lobeof the basistyle, the tip broadly rounded. Phallosome, p, a compact mass, the apex of
the darkened aedeagus jutting slightlybeyond the level of the apophyses, the latter acute,directed laterad.
Holotype, ?, Mount Hood, at timberline,5,500 ft., August 7, 1946 (C. P. Alexander). Allotype, a, Sahale Falls, 4,575 ft., July 31, 1948 (C. P. Alexander). Paratypes,
2 8 8, with the allotype; 9, Horsethief Meadows, 3,400 ft., July 18, 1947 (K. M.

Fender).

The most similar species is Dicranota (Dicranota) tetonicola Alexander, of the north.
centralRocky Mountains, which differsin the details of structureof the male hypopygium,
particularlythe lateral arms of the tergite,interbase and dististyle.

parvella sp. nov.-Size very small (wing, male, 4.5 mm.);
Dicranota (Dicranota)
general coloration brownishgray, the praescutumwith a median brown stripe; wings subhyaline, stigma pale brown, inconspicuous; R9+2+4 fully one-half the basal section of
R9, ; cell M1 present; male hypopygiumwith the median region of tergiteonly moderately convex, lateral tergal arms long; interbase a large and conspicuous blade, its innerapical angle produced into a long spinous point; basistyleterminatingin two unequal lobes.
8. Length, about 4 mm.; wing, 4.5 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae short, black; flagellar segmentsoval. Head darkbrown.
Mesonotum chieflybrownish gray, the praescutum with a broad central brown stripe,
the lateral pair ill-defined. Pleura more brownish gray. Halteres whitened. Legs withthe coxae brownish testaceous; trochantersyellow; remainder of legs brown. Wings (Fig.
24) narrow,subhyaline,the base more whitened; stigma pale brown, relativelyinconspicuous; veins pale brown. Venation: R9+2+4 long, fully one-half the basal section of
R2+3; supernumerarycrossveinand vein R9 relativelydistant from one another,the spaceon R9-,I between them a triflelonger than the basal section of the same vein; R1+2
shorterthan R2; cell M1 short.
Abdomen, including hypopygium,dark brown. Male hypopygium (Fig. 26) with themedian region of the tergite,9t, only moderatelyrounded or convex, provided with coarse
setae; lateral tergal arms long, incurved, the tips feebly dilated. Basistyle, b, at apex
with-two unequal lobes, the larger one with relatively few spinous setae on the apicalthird,the second lobe stouterand a little more than one-half as long, provided only with
scattered setae. Inteerbase,i, large and conspicuous, appearing as a quadrate blade, theinner apical angle produced into a long, nearly straight spinous point. Dististyle, d, anoval ear-shaped blade, provided with scattered setae, some of those at tip larger andmore conspicuous. Phallosome, p, with the central element or aedeagus expanded at apex
into an oval head, the apophyses weakly dilated at tips.
Holotype, 8, Big Meadow, North Santiam, August 17, 1947 (K. M. Fender).
This very small Dicranota is readily told from regional allies, including Dicranota(Dicranota) astigma sp. nov., and D. (D.) argentea Doane, by the small size and by

56

THE AMERICAN MIDLAND

NATURALIST

51 (1)

the structureof the male hypopygium,
the interbase.The similarity
particularly
to Dicranzota(Plec.romyia)cascadicaAlexanderis discussedunderthe latterspecies.
Dicranota(Polyangaeus)maculata(Doane, 1900).-Coast: Agate Beach, March 27,
1949 (F); Cascade Head Experimental
Forest,May 23, 1948 (F); Castle Rock,March
31, May 13, 1949 (F); Gunaldo Falls, May 17, 1948, May 13, 1949 (F); Saddle
Mt. (Boyer), September
20, 1933 (Macnab); Sand Lake, April 12, 1949 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, April 19, May 8, October3-23, 1945, on swordfern;Sta.
3, April 17, May 1, 1946, April24, May 14, 1947, May 11, 1948; Sta. 3A, April 17,
May 6-21,October11, 1946, May 5-19, 1947, April27, May 17, 1948 (F). Archer'sCamp, Creswell,April26, 1942 (Davis); ForestGrove,May 20 (Cole); Happy Valley,
McMinnville,April 14, May 12, 1946 (F); McMinnville,April 19, 1945 (F); Orchard
View,May 4, 1949 (F); SilverCreekFalls, May 9, 1948 (F). Cascades: MountHoodHood RiverMeadows,4,480 ft.,August8, 1946, July17, 1947, July31, 1948 (A &F). Salt CreekFalls, 3,800 ft.,July14, 1947 (A).
Dicranota (Polyangaeus) subapterogyne
Alexander,1943.-WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 2, April 26, 1947 (F), a single 8. When comparedwithmaculata,the relativelysmalldichopticeyesof themale providea character
forreadyidentification.
Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) cayuga (Alexander,1916).-Coast: South forkof the
ChetcoRiver,March 18, 1940 (Post & Ross); Saddle Mt. (Boyer), April 27, 1935
(Macnab); Tierra del Mar, May 13, 1949 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 3,
April26, May 16, 1946; May 20-30, 1947; Sta. 3A, May 19, 1947, June2, 1948 (F).
Silver Creek Falls, 1,000 ft.,May 9, 1948 (F). Cascades: Mount Hood-Hood River
Meadows, 4,480 ft., August 8, 1946, July 17, 1947 (A & F); North Fork of Iron
Creek,July30, 1948 (A); Still Creek,July16, 1947 (F); Tilly JaneCreek,July18,
1947 (A & F). NorthSantiam,May 30, 1949 (F). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900
ft.,August29, October3, 1948, May 9, June30, 1949 (Baker).
Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis)cazieridnaAlexander,1944.-Coast: JordanCreek,September5, 1948 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, May 18, 1946; Sta. 3, July2, 1946, September11, 1948; Sta. 3A, May 23, June30, 1947, June8, September10,1948 (F).
Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) fenderi sp. nov.-General colorationpale brown,thepleuramoreyellowed;antennalscape pale, flagellumbrown;head brownish
gray,paling
to yellowbehind; knobs of halteresinfuscated;legs Urownish
yellow,the outertarsal
segmrents
dark brown;wingswhitishsubhyaline,
unpatterned;
R9?+3+4 present,unusuallv
erect,subequalto r-m;Rs long,squareand spurredat origin;male hypopygium
withthetergitetransverse,
the caudal marginnot produced,at midlinewitha semicircularnotchthat is borderedby a blackenedarea set withnumeroussmall setae fromconspicuous
punctures;basistyleat apex broadlyrounded,with erect spinoussetae; interbaselegshaped; dististyleunequallybifid,the outer arm a small cylinderthat is tipped with
about a dozen blackenedpoints,the innerarm a long straight
blade thatnarrowsto theacutetip.
8. Length,about5.3-5.7mm.;wing,5.7-6.3mm.
9. Length,about7 mm.;wing,6 mm.
Rostrumlightyellow;palpi dark brown. Antennaeshort,apparently12-segmented;
scape pale, remainderof organbrown;basal flagellarsegmentssuboval,the subterminal
ones lengthened;terminalsegmentverysmall; verticilsmuch longerthan the segments.
Head brownish
gray,the posterior
portionobscurebrownish
yellow.
Thorax gibbous,the praescutum
overthe pronotum;dorsumpale
projecting
stronglybrownor brownishbuff,the posteriorscleritesand pleuracleareryellow. Halterespale,knobinfuscated.Legs withthe coxae and trochanters
yellow;remainderof legs brownish
yellow,the outertarsal segmentsdark brown. Wings whitishsubhyaline,unpatterned;
veinspale brown. Venation:Sc1 endingjust beyondthe level of the forkof Rs, Sc9some distancebeforethe originof the latter;Rs unusuallylong,square and spurredat
origin;R2+3+4 unusuallyerect,subequalto r-m,the lattershortlybeforethe forkof Rs;
rn-cuaboutone-fifth
its lengthbeyondthe forkof M.
Abdomen dark brown,sparselypruinose;hypopygium
somewhatmore brightened.
Male hypopygium(Fig. 29) withthe tergite,
the caudal marginnot pro9t, transverse,
duced as in othertegionalmembersof thegenus,at themidlinewitha semicircularnotch,
behindwhichthereis an oval blackenedarea set withsmall setae that arise fromconthe setae directedcaudad. Basistyle,b, at apex broadlyrounded,set
Spicuouspunctures,witha numberof erectto slightly
retrorse
withsomeunusually
spinoussetae,interspersed
long setae. Interbase,i, leg-shaped,the footportionflattened.Dististyle,d, unequally

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEA

57

OF OREGON

one tippedwithabout a dozen shortbifid,consistingof two arms,the shortercylindrical
blade thatnarrowsgraduallyto the acuteblackenedpoints,the innerarma long straighttip. Phallosome,p, small but relativelyconspicuous,the gonapophyses
exceedingthe
aedeagusin length,unequallybispinous,
the outerspinelong and straight.
Holotype, 8, Gunaldo Falls, SourgrassCreek,Coast Range,May 17, 1948 (K. M.
1 8, pinnedwiththe allotype;
Fender). Allotopotype,Y, withthe type. Paratopotype,
1 Y , Saddle Mt. (Boyer), June21, 1934 (Macnab); 1 8, JessieM. Honeyparatypes,
man State Park,August12, 1948 (K. M. Fender); 8, Tierra del Mar, May 13, 1949
(K. M. Fender); 1 8 , SilverCreekFalls, 1,000 ft.,May 2, 1949 (K. M. Fender).
This entirely
distinctflyis namedforKennethM. Fenderwho is chieflyresponsible
for the successof the presentOregon list. Superficially
it most resemblesDicranota(Rbaphidolabis) xanthosomaAlexanderbut the actual relationshipto this species is

23

24

,>

d

25~~~~~~~~~~2
28

d

'

C
A/\>

b

K

d

919t3
bt

X

X

Figs. 23-25-Venation: 23. Dicranota (Dicranota) astigma sp. nov. 24. D. (Dicranota) parvella sp. nov. 25. D. (Rhaphidolabis) uniplagia sp. noiv. 26-32. Male hypopygia: 26. D. (Dicranota) parve/la sp. nlov. 27. D. (Dicranota ) astigma sp. nov.
28. D. (Plectromyia) cascadica Alexander. 29. D. (Rhaphidolabis) fenderi sp. nov.
30. D. (Rhaphidolabis) polymeroidesAlexander. 31. D. (Rhaphidolabis) uniplagia sp.
nov. 32. D. (Rhaphidolabis) xanthosoma Alexander (See fig. 1 for explanations ofsymbols).

58

THE AMERICAN MIDLAND

NATURALIST

51 (1)

remote,as can be seenby comparing
thefiguresof the male hypopygiaof thetwospecies
tFigs.29 and 32).
Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) integrilobaAlexander,1943.-Cascades: Mount HoodHood RiverMeadows,4,480 ft.,July31, 1948 (F); Robin Hood ForestCamp, 3,560
ft.,August8, 1946 (A); Sahale Falls, 4,575 ft.,July17, 1947 (A & F); Tilly Jane
Creek,5,600 ft.,July30, 1948 (A). Wallowas: East Forkof Wallowa River,5,450 ft.,
July15, 1949 (Sperry); LostineValley, 5,000 ft.,July1, 1948 (A); Wallowa Creek,
4,675 ft.,June29, 1948 (A).
Dicranota(Rhaphidolabis)neomexicana(Alexander,1912) .-Coast: Gunaldo Falls,
June6, 1949 (F).
Dicranota(Rhaphidolabis)nooksackensis
Alexander,1949.-Cascades: MountHoodSalmonRiver,July30, 1948 (F). Tumalo Creek,Bend, 3,610 ft.,August14-15,1948(A).
Dicranota(Rhaphidolabis)polymeroides(Alexander,1914).-Coast: Gunaldo Falls,
June6, July14, 1949 (F); Harris Beach State Park, August 11, 1948 (F); HighHeaven,July12, 1949 (F); JordanCreek,September
5, 1948 (F); Saddle Mt. (Boyer),21, 1934,October13, 1935 (Macnab and associates). WillametteValley: Peavine,
Sta. 1, May 23, 1947; Sta. 3, April26, May 23, 1946, May 20, 1947, May 28, June4,
1948; Sta. 3A, October12, 1945, June 11, 1946, May 24, June8, August30, 1948
(F). SouthernOregon: State Line Creek,August 9, 1948 (A); Store Gulch Forest
Camp, IllinoisRiver,970 ft.,August9, 1948 (A). Cascades: NorthSantiam,May 30,
1949 (F); Schweitzer
Creek,near Westfir,1,000 ft.,August5, 1946 (A). Blue Mts.:
SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,June24.26, 1948 (A & Baker); Pine Creek,4,600 ft.,June25,
1948 (A).
Male hypopygium(Fig. 30) withthe tergite,9t, verylarge,slightlynarrowedoutwardly;caudal marginwithfourlobes,the lateralpair shortand stout,the intermediate
lobes slender,tippedwitha few strongsetae; lateralemarginations
shallow,the median
one broadlyU-shaped;laterallobes withstrongsetae,.therowcontinuedacrossthe middorsalregion.Basistyle,b, withtwo apicaLlobes,the outerone shorterand stouter,withlong setae; innerlobe longerbut more slender,especiallyat base, the seta.esomewhat
stouterbut elongate,especiallyat apex. Interbase,i, a largebroad-based
blade, gradually
narrowedto the acutepoint,the outerportionmoreor less twisted.Dististyle,d, a little
longerthanthe innerlobe of the basistyle,stoutat base and herewitha fewsmallsetae,
the outerhalf morenarrowedinto a blade, its apex obtuse. Phallosome,p, with theapophysesprojecting
caudad beyondthe levelof the stoutaedeagus,the apex of the latter
weaklyemarginate.
Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) querula Alexander,1944.-Blue Mts.: Spring Creek,
3,900 it., August29, 1948 (Baker). Wallowas: LostineValley, above FrenchForest
Camp, 5,500 ft.,August19, 1948 (M. M. Alexander).
Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) uniplagia sp. nov.-Generalcoloration
brownishgray,the praescutumwith blackenedstripes;antennaeshort,14-segmented;
wings brownish
yello,v,stigmaand a spot overthe cord brown;cell R. broadlysessile,cell M2 open;

male hypopygiumwith the caudal border of the large tergitebroadly and deeply emarginate, without lateral arms but with a pair of acute spines on ventral surface; dististylea
slender rod that narrowsto the obtuse tip.
8.
Length, about 8.5 mm.; wing, 10.5 mm.; antenna, about 1.2 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae short, 14-segmented,[lack throughout; firstflagellar segment nearly as long as the succeeding two combined; remaining segments
oval, the terminal one aLout one-half longer thin the penultimate. Head brown, thefrontlight gray pruinose.
Pronotum black, gray pruinose. Thorax discolored, evidently brownish gray, thepra.escutumwith black stripes, the median one broad. Pleura dull gray pruinose. Haltefes with stem dirtywhite, the apex of knob more infuscated. Legs with the coxae graypruinose; trochantersobscure yellow; rcmainder of legs black, the bases of the posterior
femora restrictedlymore yellowed. Wings (Fig. 25) brownishyellow, the prearcular andcostal fields slightlydarker; stigma large, brown; a conspicuous brown spot over the anterior cord, especially on r-m and basal section of R5. Venation: Rs relativelylong, angulated and spurred at origin; R1+2 shorterthan R2, the latter transverse: cell R9 broadly
sessile, R4+5 subequal in length to the basal section of R5 and in oblique alignment
with it; cell M2 open, cell M1 present; m-cu more than one-fourthits length beyond thefork of M.
Abdomen dark brownish gray. Male hypopygium (Fig. 31) with the tergite, 9t,

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

59

large, transverse,the caudal border broadly and deeply emarginate,the broad lateral lobes
obliquely truncated,clothed with abundant long setae; nio lateral tergal arms; on ventral
surface near centerof base of each lobe with an acute spine, directed laterad and slightly
outward. Basistyle, b, with two apical lobes, the low outer one with long setae, the slightly larger oval inner lobe with numerous blackened spinous setae at apex; no developed
interbase. Dististyle, d, a slender rod that narrows to the obtuse tip. Phallosome, p, consisting of flattened apophyses, the inner apical angle produced into a spine, the outerangle obtuse; aedeagus bifid.
Holotype, 3, Sourgrass Creek, Coast Range, May 17, 1948 (K. M. Fender).
The only close ally of the present fly is Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) stigma (Alexander), which differsin the venation and pattern of the wings, and in the structureof themale hypopygium,particularlythe tergiteand dististyle.
Saddle Mountain
Dicranota (Rhapidolabis) xanthosoma Alexander, 1944.-Coast:
Cascades: Mount Hood-Bear Creek, 1,400 ft., AugustState Park, July 24, 1949 (F).
1, 1948 (A); Hood Rapids, July 29, 1921 (Melatider), type; Hood River Meadows,
4,500 ft., July 17, 1947 (A); Horsethief Meadows, 3,400 ft., July 18, 1947 (F); North
Fork of Iron Creek, July 30, 1948 (F); Robin Hood Forest Camp, 3,560 ft., July 17,
1947 (A); Still Creek, 3,600.ft., July 16, 1947 (A); Stream below timberline,5,000ft., August 7, 1946, July 16, 1947 (A). Lost Prairie, 3,700 ft., August 3, 1948 (A);Odell Lake, Jungle Creek, 4,800 ft., July 13, 1947, August 6, 1948 (A & F); Salt
Creek Falls, 3,800 ft., August 7, 1948 (A k&F).
Male hypopygium (Fig. 32) with the tergite,9t, transverse;caudal margin generally
truncate,the median area produced caudad into a large depressed lobe, obtuse, the surface
densely covered with strong setae; on either side the tergite produced into a small subiateral point, and at nearly the same place or slightly more laterad with a long slendersinuous rod, its tip acute. Basistyle, b, simple, the only lobe being a small slender rod
that is very inconspicuous. Interbase similarlyvery reduced, appearing as a small triangular blad,e at the extremebase of the mesal face of style. Dististyle, d, single, very large,
occupying the whole apex of the basistyle, appearing as a slightly irregular lobe, theinner or rostral portion slightly more narrowed; outer lateral end furtherdivided into asmall, more sclerotized plate; apex of style at this point with numerous small blackened
spicules, at summit the setae still spinous but longer, on the rostral portion passing into
strong setae; on face of rostral area with about a dozen dark spinous setae of unusual
length; on face of style with a long arm or blade that extends caudad beyond all otherelements of the hypopygium,the apex broadly obtuse, the surface with five or six strong
setae. Phallosome, p, broad, shaped about as figured.
Mount Hood-BearDicranota (Plectromyia) cascadica Alexander, 1949.-Cascades:
Described from Mount Rainier, Washington.
Creek, 1,400 ft., August 7, 1946 (F).
The above specimen is evidently conspecificbut shows slight differencesin the strLctureof the mala hypopygiumthat makle it appear that the type, as originally described andfigured,was somewhat deformed by mountingon a microscope slide. The hypopygiumis
thereforefigured and re-describedfrom the present material.
Ninth tergite (Fig. 28, 9t) with the median region moderatrlyproduced, obtuse, provided with abundant setae; lateral tergal arms long and slender, bladelike, slightlymore
dilated before the subobtuse tip, before the latter on the lower margin with a low flange.
Basistyle, b, with two apical lobes, the outer one more slender, on its apical fourthwith
peglike spinous setae that merge more basally into normal setae; shorterinner lobe stout,with elongate setae. Dististyle, d, very broad, its outer margin convex, the inner one
more nearly straight,the tip obtuse, not emarginate,as indicatrd for the type. Interbase,i, large, broadly dilated just Leyond midlength, thence narrowed into a long slender
blade, the tip acute or subacute; outer margin with a row of dclicate setae. Phallosome,p, with the apophyses small and weak, the aedeagus projectinga little beyond their ends.
The only other regional species of the subgenus having the median lobe of the ninth
tergiLe low and obtuse is Dicranota (Plectromyia) nooksackiae Alexander, and races,
differingin all details of structure of the hypopygium. In its general features, thehypopygiumis more like that of D. (Dicranota) parvella sp. nov. (compare Fig. 26)
which certainly appears to be correctlyplaced in the subgenus Dicranota. This resemblance of the hypopygia of two evidently distinct flies serves to confirmthe belief in avery close relationshipbetween the various so-called subgenera in Dicranota.

Dicranota (Plectromy'a)nooksackiaenooksackiaeAlexander,1949.-Cascades: Big

60

THE

AMERICAN MIDLAND

NATURALIST

51 (1)

Meadow,NorthSantiam,3,460 ft.,August 17, 1947 (F); Tumalo Creek,Bend, 3,61J
ft.,August 14-15, 1948 (A).
Dicranota (Plectromyia) nooksackiae subtruncifersubsp.nov.
c. Length,about4.5 mm.;wing,5-5.2 mnm.
9. Length,about5 mm.;wing,5.5-5.7mm.
Very similarto the typicalform,differing
in detailsof coloration,
venation,and structureof the male hypopygium.
It seemsprobablethat more materialwill indicatethat
two distinctspeciesare involved.Wings withthe stigmapale brown,distinct,entirely
lackingin the typicalform.Venation,as comparedwiththe typicalform,withSc short,endingoppositeor just beyondthe forkof R?+24; Rs shorterand morestrongly
arcuated; cAl R3 long-petiolateby the presenceof veinR,,+'+4, thiselementsubequalto or
longerthan r-m. Male hypopygium
withthe medianlobe of the tergitebroad,its apex
truncated;
lateraltergalarmsmuchas in the typicalform.Interbase,apical lobe of basistyleand dististyle
not greatlydifferent
fromthe typicalform.
Holotype,8, Big Meadow,Notth Santiam,August17, 1947 (K. M. Fender). Allotopotype,
9. Paratopotypes,
7 8 9, withthe types.
Dicranota (Plectromyia)reductaAlexander,1921.-Cascades: Mount Hood-Hood
River Meadows,4,480 ft.,August8 ,19461July17, 1947, July31, 1948 (A 1& F);
NorthForkof Iron Creek,4,400 ft.,July31, 1948 (A); Robin Hood Camp, 3,560 ft.,
August8, 1946 (A & F); Streambelowtimberline,
5,000 ft.,July16, 1947 (A). Odell
Lake, 4,760 ft.,August4, 1946 (A); Salt CreekFalls, August7, 1948 (A). Crater
Lake-AnnieSprings,6,000 ft.,August1-3, 1946; Lost Creek,5,900 ft.,August2, 1946(A); Pole CreekMeadows,5,900 ft.,August3, 1946, July12, 1947 (A); August7,
1948 (A & F).
HEXATOMINIParadelphomyia (Oxyrhiza) deprivata sp. nov.-Size relativelylarge (wing,
male. abou-t6 mm.); mesonotum
almostuniformly
brownishyellow,unpatterned,
pleuracleareryellow;wingsfaintlytingedwithbrown;macrotrichia
of outerwing cells abundant; cell M1 lacking;male hypopygiumwith the basistyleproducedat apex into asclerotized
pointthatextendsa shortdistancebeyondthe pointof insertionof the dististyles;outerdististyle
expandedat tip,withthreeconspicuous
spines;gonapophysis
a longflattenedblade; ventralforkof aedeaguswiththe pairedspinesverylong and slender,
almostsetoid.
8. Length,about5-5.5mm.;wing,5.8-6.3mm.
9. Length,about5.5-5.7mm.;wing,5.5-5.7mm.
Rostrumlightbrown-palpi darkbrown.Antennaewithscap2lightbrown,the remainder of organbrownish
black; outerflagellarsegments
elongate,withlong verticils.Head
darkbrown.
Pronotumbrown.Mesonotumalmostuniformly
Lrownishyellow,unpatterned;
pleuraand pleurotergite
cleareryellow;setae of nota conspicuous.Haltereselongate,infuscated.
Legs withthe coxae and trochanters
yellow;femoraand tibiae obscureyellow,the tips
narrowlybrownishblack,tarsipassingintoblack; tibialspursdistinct.Wings (Fig. 34)
witha veryfaintbrownishtinge,the prearcularand costalfieldsa littlemoreyellowed;
veinsand trich-ia
brown.Cells of wingtip withnumeroustrichia,includingR9 throughM in cells d ancdR, involving
morethanthe outerhalf of the cell. Venation:Sc1
endingjust beforethe ltvel of forkof Rs, SC9 comedistancefromits tip; R 2?+24 indirectalignment
withR2?, the lattershorter
thanR; cell M1 lac'<ing;m-cumorethan
one-halfits lengthbeyondthe forkof M.
Abdomendark brown,the basal sternites
yellowed;hypopygium
yellow. Male hypopygium(Fig. 33) withthe basistyle,b, producedat ap,exinto a Eclerotized
pointthat
extendsonlya shortdistancebeyondthe pointof insertionof the dististyles;
outersurfaceof stylewithscatteredcoarsesetae,moreconcentrated
near the apex, on mesal face thesetaemuchsmallerand interspersed
withsmall lineargroupsof setulae. Outer dististyle,d, slender,expandedat apex,withtwoouterspinesand a stouterlowerone. Inn-er
distito the obtusetip. Gonapophysis
stylebroadestjust beyondbase, thencenarrowed
appearing as a longflattenedmuchexceedingthe aedeagusin length.
blade, the base narrowed,
Ventralforkof aedeagus,v, withthe pairedspineslonigand unusuallyslender,almost
setoid.

Holotype,(, BeaverCreek,MountHood, 1,150 ft.,August7, 1946 (C, P. Alexan-

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

61der). Allotype,9, Bear SpringsForestCanmp,Mount Hood, August8, 1941 (C. P.
Alexander& K. M. Fender). Paratypes,8 8, withthe allotype;numerous8 9S, Prairie
Creek,HumboldtCo., California,August10-11,1948 (C. P. Alexanderi& K. [I. Fender); 1 8, PeavineRidge,Station3A, September10, 1948 (K. M. Fender); ', Humbug MountainState Park, August 11, 1948 (Fender); d, Silver Creek Falls, August
1-2,1948 (Alexander& Fender).
The only otherregionalspeciesof Paradelphomyia
that has cell M1 lackingis theeasternNearcticParadelphomyia(Oxyrhiza) cayuga (Alexander),a muchdarkersp^cies
thathas thedetailsof structureof themale hypopygium
entirely
distinct.
Paradelphomyia
Lake(Oxyrhiza) pacificaAlexander,1944.-Coast: Carlton-Meadow
Road, June5, 1942 (Macnab), types;October13, 1945 (F); JordanCreek,September
5, 1948 (F); PacificCity,May 23, 1948 (F); Saddle Mt. (Boyer), May 9, 1935;
Tierra del Mar, May 13, 1949 (F). 'WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 3, October23,
1945, May 23, July3, 1946, July8, 1947, July2, 1949; Sta. 3A, June5, July13,
October3-12, 1945, May 21, July16, October1-11, 1946, May 12-29,June17, 1947,
Dayton,SeptemJune15, July14, September13, 1948, June27, 1949 (F). Albrights,
ber 19, 1946 (F); SilverCreek Falls, August2, 1948, July8, 1949 (F); WillametteRiver,nearDayton,June4, 1948 (F). Cascades: Mount Hood-BeaverCreek,1,150 ft.,
August1, 1948 (A); HorsetailFalls, 100 ft.,August9, 1946 (A & F); belowtimberline,5,000 ft.,August7, 1946 (A). Cascadia, 800 ft.,August2, 1948 (A & F); Salt
CreekFalls, 3,800 ft.,July14, 1947, August7, 1948 (A & F); Willis Creek,North
Santiam,August 17, 1947 (Albright). Blue Mts.: Spring Creek,3,900 ft.,June25,
July25, August20-29, 1948 (Baker).
badia (Doane, 1900).-Coast: Castle Rock, March 31, 1949 (F);Austrolimnophila
Deer Creek,McMinnville,May 6, 1945 (F); Glenada,May 23, 1947 (Malkin); HighHeaven, June22, 1945, Mav 4, 1947, July12, 1949 (F); PacificCity,pupa in moss,
May 23, 1948, emergedMay 25 (F); Saddle Mt. (Boyer), June21, 1934 (Mvacnab);
Saddle MountainState Park,July24, 1949 (F); SourgrassCreek,Gunaldo Falls, May
17, 1948,June6-30, 1949 (F); ThreeRivers,May 23, 1948 (F); Tierradel Mar, May
13, 1949 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, May 18, June20, 1946, May 1-27,
June19, 1947; Sta. 2, May 26, 1947; Sta. 3, April26, May 29, 1946, May 7-14, 1947,
May 11, June4, 1948, July2, 1949; Sta. 3A, May 15-22,June5-19,July13, 1945, on
swordfern;May 3, July5, 1946, May 19-29,1947, May 24, June2-8, July9-13, 1948
(F). Happy Valley, McMinnville,April 14, May 12, 1946 (F); Silver Creek Falls,
June25, 1939 (AitkenIr&Bohart), May 9, 1948, July8, 1949 (F); Summit,650-750
ft.,June8, 1929 (Sull/en); WillametteRiver,southof Dayton,June4, 1948, April
24. 1949 (F). Cascades: Mount Hood-Horsethief
Meadows,3,4.00ft., Tuly18, 1947
(A k&F); Still Creek,3,600 ft.,July16, 1947; MetoliusRiver,2,400 ft.,June14, 1945,
June 15, 1947 (F); North Santiam,May 30, 1949 (F). EasternOregon: Ochoco
National Forest,June14, 1947 (F). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,June24-26,
1948 (A), May 8, June5, 1949 (Baker).
Dactylolabis knowltoniAlexander,1943.-Cascades: Crater Lake-alongthe Lake
TIrail at 6,300 ft., restingon clifffaces along the path, July12, 1947 (A). Eastern
Oregon: Bly, 4,355 ft.,June13, 1945 (F).
Dactylolabisnitidithorax(Alexander, 1918).-Coast: Coos Bay, May 23, 1947
(Malkin); Gunaldo Falls, June30, July14, 1949 (F); High Heaven, June7-22, 1945,
May 4, 1947, July12, 1949 (F); Saddle MountainState Park, July24, 1949 (F).
\Willameate
Valley: Peavine,Sta. 3, July8, 1947 (F). SouthernOregon: South slopeof SiskiyouSummit,June8, 1947 (F). Cascades: Kelly Creek,June22, 1947 (F);Salt CreekFalls, August7, 1948 (F).
- Dactylolabis
postianaAlexander,1944.-WillamenteValley: Vernonia,April 1, 1938
(K. Gray& 1. Schuh); type. SouthernOregon:OregonCaves,May 18, 1947 (Malkin).
Cascades: McCredieSprings,April 26, 1947 (Malkin).
Dactylolabispteropoecila(Alexander,1921) .-Willamette Valley: Peavine,Sta. 1,
May 5, 1945, on swordfern,April 30, May 2, 1946; Sta. 3, April 26, 1946, April24,
May 3-20, 1947, May 11-25, 1948; Sta. 4, Mav 2, 1947 (F). Corvallis,April 29,
1940 (Don Barber); Marys River,April 18, 1947 (R. F. Bruce); Silver Creek Falls,
May 9, 1948 (F).
Phvtlolabisfenderiana
Alexander,1949.-Cascades: Mount Hood-Sahale Falls, 4,575
ft.,July17, 1947,July31, 1948 (A (& F); partof typematerial.

62

THE

AMERICAN MIDLAND

51 (1)

NATURALIST

latifoliaAlexander,1920.-WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 4, April 18,Ph)yllolabis
1947 (F). ForestGrove,March 28, 1919 (Cole); type.
Male hypopygium(Fig. 36) complexin structureand describablein generalterms
onlybecauseof the conditionof the materialavailable. Appendageof the ninthsternite,
9s, broad,widestacrossthe base, thenceslightlynarrowedat midlength,
beyondwhichit
again widensslightly;apex nearlytruncate,
dividedinto two broad lobes by a narrow
mediansplit;entiresurfaceprovidedwithlong delicatepale setae. Basistyle,b, produced
far beyondthe pointof insertion
into a flattenedof the dististyle
blade thatnarrowsto
the glabrousobtusetip; surfaceof styleat near the level of the dististyle
withdense

~~34

-a
-v

33~~~~~3

r v\
(J(J;

N)

b

m

A

9s

36

~~~~37d~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

X38

aXg '9~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~U

-a

b

-

39

Figs. 33-39. 33. Paradelphomyia(Oxyrhiza) deprivatasp. nov., male hypopygia.
34. P. (Oxyrhiza) deprivatasp. nov., venation.35. Limnophila(Elaeophila) aldrichi
abruptaAlexander,holotype,venation.36-39. Male hypopygia:36. Phyllolabislatifolia
Alexander.37. Limnophila(Elaeophila) aldrichiabruptaAlexander.38. L. (Elaeophila)bifidaAlexander.39. L. (Elaeophila) shannoniAlexander (See fig. 1 forexplanationof symbols).

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

63

brushesof setae,includlnga seriesof longerones and an outerJobethat bears shiorir
morepowesfulbristles,the two sets obscuringthe base of ths dististylewhichis shownin the figure;basad of the dististyleon the mesal face witha long pendulous
separately
cylindricalsetiferous
lobe that is directedcephalad. Dististyle,d, a broadlyflattenedpale blade,the stemshortanldstout,the surfaceglabrousor virtually
so. Gonapophyses,
g, unusuallyweak and slender,appearingas nearlystraightrods,the tips abruptlypale
and slightlyconstricted.
Limnophila(Elaeophila) aldrichialdrichiAlexander,1927.-Coast: Coquille River,Sitkum,August4, 1948 (H. W. Thorne); High Heaven,july 12, 1949 (F). WillametteValley: SilverCreekFalls, 1,000 ft.,August2, 1948 (A). Cascades: Dutchman's
Flat, CenturyDrive, 6,100 ft.,August 5, 1948 (A I& F); MetoliusRiver,August3,
1948 (F). CraterLake-ParkHeadquarters,6,500 ft.,August2, 1946 (A); Pole Creek
Meadows,5,900 ft.,August7, 1948 (A i& F). Wallowas: LostineValley, 5,000 ft.,
August18, 1948 (A).
Limnnophila(Elaeophila) aldrichiabruptaAlexander,1949.-Cascades: Moult HoodHood RiverMeadows,4,480 ft.,August8, 1946 (A); type. As statedin the originaldescription(Alexander,1949: 310), the venationof the holotypespecimenwas apparelntly abnormal(Fig. 35). The male hypopygium
is shown(Fig. 37).
Limnophila(Elaeophila) aleator Alexander,1945.-Blue Mts.: Mosquito Creek,
Whitney,May 30, 1949 (Baker).
Limnophila(Elaeophila) angustiorAlexander,1919.-WillametteValley: McMinniville,June7, 1945 (F). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,July25, 1948 (Baker);
Pendleton,along the Umatilla River,July5, 1948 (A); Upper Walla Walla River,
aboveMilton,1,276 ft.,July4, 1948 (A); Whitney,June19, 1949 (Baker).
Limnophila(Elaeophila) bifidaAlexander,1921.-Coast: Gunaldo Falls, May 13,
i949 (F); High Heaven, May 4, 1947 (F); PacificCity,May 23, 1948 (F); Tierradel Mar, May 13, 1949 (F). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,June24-26, 1948 (A& Baker); Whitney,June19, 1949 (Baker).
Male hypopygium(Fig. 38) withthe caudal borderof the tergite,
9t, producedinto
twoapproximatedsubmedianlobes thatare denselyspiculose;lowerand poorlydevelopedin a subquadratedarkenedlobe thatis
lobeslyingmorelaterad.Basistyle,b, terminating
denselycoveredwithshortdarksetae; mesa1face of stylenearouterend witha rounded
lob,ethatis providedwithscatteredcoarsesetae; a smallerdarkenedglabrouslobe near
the base of thelatter.Outerdististyle,d, deeplybifid,the outerarmmoreslenderand alittleshorter,
its outerface and tip spiculose;innerarm large,the surfaceand margins
a flattened
withconspicuous
appressedspines. Innerdististylecleaverlike
darkenedblade.
Gonapophys,es,
g, appearingas broadlyflattenedplateswithroundedmargins.
Limnophila(Elaeophila) shannoniAlexander,1921.-Cascades: Mount Hood-HorsethiefMeadows,3,400 ft.,July18, 1947 (A); Tilly JaneCreek,5,600 ft.,July18, 1947
(A). Wallowas: Eagle Cap WildernessArea, 5,000 ft.,June28, 1948 (A).
Male hypopygium(Fig. 39) withthe medianlobe of the ninthtergite,
9t, semioval,
lateral lobes withshortsetulae. Distidenselyset withspinoussetae,the subtriangularin position,the outera darkenedclub thatis expandedoutstyles,d, slightlysubterminal
outersurfaceand apex withmicroscopic
wardly,its apex truncated;appressedspinulaetoproducea scabrousappearance.Innerdististylenearlyas long,narrowedoutwardly.
Limnophila(Elaeophila) superlineata
Doane, 1900.-WillametteValley: Peavine,nostation,May 5, 1945, on swordfern;Sta. 1, April 15, May 2, 1946, April 22, May 1,
1947 (F). Happy Valley,McMinnville,April 14, 1946 (F). SouthernOregon: Sisk<iyou Summit,June10, 1945 (F).
Limnophila(Prionolabis) antennataCoquillett,1905.-Cascades: Salt Creek Falls,
3,900 ft.,August 7, 1948 (M. M. Alexander). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,
June24-26, 1948 (A &i Baker); Pine Creek,4,600 ft.,June25, 1948 (A).
Limnophila(Prionolabis)barberiAlexander,1916.-WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta.
1, May 23, 1947; Sta. 3, May 23, 1946; Sta. 3A, June11, 1946 (F),Male hypopygium(Fig. 40) withthe lobesof the ninthtergite,
9t, low and rounded;entireor withthe borderverygentlyconcave. Outer dististyle,ninthsternited, appearing as a slenderrod, its tip blackenedand providedwitha fewscatteredsetae; at baselobe. Innerdististyleof stylewitha large oval fleshysetiferous
unequallybilobed,theblackenedrod,the tip obtuse. Gonapophysis,
outerlobe a straightg, a simplepale gently
narrow
blade.
curvedrod or very
Aedeagus,a, dilated,varyingsomewhatin size in
different
specimens.
Limnophila(Prionolabis) bohartiAlexander,1943.-Cascades: Mount Hood-Tilly
JaneCreek,5,600 ft.,July18, 1947, July29-30, 1948 (A); flyingabout the bases of

64

THE AMERICAN MIDLAND

NATURALIST

51 (1)

tlees at dusk; wingsof femalesreducedin size; TimberlineLodge, 5,500 ft., August7,
1946 (F & Macnab); sweptfromclumpsof bear-grass,
Xerophyllum.Dutchman'sFlat,
CenturyDrive, 6,100 ft., August 5, 1948 (F); Mount McLoughlin,June 25, 1939
(Aitken& Bohart); types.CraterLake-LakeTrail, on cliffsand banks,6,100-6,600ft.,
July12, 1947 (A ).
Male hypopygium(Fig. 41) withthe lobes of the ninthtergite,
9t,relatively
narrow.
Outer dististyle,d, unusuallysimple,the armatureof outerhalf includinga low darkened flangethatis producedintoone or twobluntteeth;appressedlobe on outerface atbase elongate. Inner dististyle
producedinto a long slenderfingerlike
lobe that bears
severalerectsetae. Gonapophysis~,g, with the stemveryslender,beforetip much expanded,thenceext,ended
intoa longstraightpoint.
Limnophila(Prionolabis)hepaticaAlexander,1919.-Coast: Three Rivers,May 23,
1948 (F). WillametteValley: Archer'sCamp, Creswell,April 26, 1942 (J. E. Davis).
Male hypopygium(Fig. 42) somewhatas in indistincta
but withall featuresaccentuated and exaggerated.Ninth tergite,
9t, withthe lobes closelyapproximated.
Basistyle,b, witha brushof long yellowsetae on outcrapical angle and witha cdensebrushor
close combof yellowsetae on mesal face,withstillothergroupsof setaenear the outerpart of the style. Outer dististylemoredilatedbeforethe shortenedapex. Inner dististyle,id, unusuallyshortand massive,the setal brushunusuallyabundantand dense;
apex of styleveryobtuse. Gonapophysis,g, appearingas a slenderyellowrod, a trifle
moredilatedat near midlength.A massivecentralstructure,bilobed at apex and withthe surfacedenselysetuliferous,
is represented
in indistincta
by a smallerand less developed organ(not shownin figure).
Limnophila(Prionolabis)indistincta
Doane, 1900.-Coast: Gunaldo Falls, July14,
1949 (F); High Heaven, June22, 1945, July12, 1949 (F); Saddle Mt. (Boyer), November18, 1933, June21-28, 1934, July21, August15, 1935, August7-16, 1937, July
19, 1938 (Macnab and associates); Saddle MountainState Park, July24, 1949 (F).
WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, July12, 1946, May 22, 1947; Sta. 3, May 29,
July13, 1945,June7, July2, 1946, June16, 1948, July2, 1949; Sta. 3A, June4, July5, 1946, May 29, June17, 1947, June8, July16, 1948 (F). SilverCreekFalls, July8,
1949 (F). Cascades: Mount Hood-BearCreek,1,400 ft.,August 1, 1948 (F); Beaver
Creek,1,150 ft.,July16, 1947 (A i& F); Robin Hood Camp, August8, 1946 (A &F); Still Creek,July16, 1947 (A & F). Odell Lake, 4,760 ft.,July14, 1947, August
6, 1948 (A); Salt CreekFalls, 3,800 ft.,July14, 1947, August7, 1948 (A & F).
Male hypopygium(Fig. 43) withthe tergallobes, 9t, appearingas flattened
hairy
blades. Basistyle,b, witha modifiedsetiferous
lobule on mesal face. Outer dististyleaslenderglabrousblade, the apex narrowedinto a gentlycurvedblackenedrod. Innerdististyle,id, shortand compact,on outermarginnear base witha brushor pencilof
unusuallylongyellowsetae;a smallgroupof longsetaeon ventralmargin.Gonapophysis,g, appearingas an expandedyellowblade, the outermarginmicroscopically
serrulateor
crenulat,e.
Limnophila(Prionolabis)oregonensis
Alexander,1940.-Coast: Deer Creek,McMinnville, May 6, 1945 (F); Saddle Mt. (Boyer), April 21, May 6, 1934, May 19-26,
1935, May 24, June16-24, 1936, June7, 1937 (Mzcnab and dssociates);Tierra delMar, June30, 1949 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 3, April 28, May 21, 1945,
on swordfern;April 17, 1946; Sta. 3A and 4, April 17, 1946, April 19, 1947 (F).
Cascades: NorthSantiam,May 30, 1949 (F).
Male hypopygium(Fig. 45) withthe tergallobes,9t, relatively
narrow,separatedby
a broadnotch. Outerdististyle,
toothedon morethan the distalhalf ofd, conspicuously
the mesaledge,the numberand size of thepointsslightly
variable;lobe on outerface ofstyleat base lacking.Innerdististyle
withthe outerpartconspicuously
bilobed,the outer
lobe moreslenderand pointed,providedwithlong setae; pendantlobe of styleconspicuois, obtuse. Gonapophysis,g, appearingas a long slenderrod,beforetip strongly
bent,
thencegraduallynarrowedto the blunttip. Aedeagus,a, relatively
small, as comparedwithotherspeciesof the subgenus.
Limnophila(Prionolabis) scaria Alexander,1945.-Coast: High Heaven, June7,
1945 (F); Tierra del Mar, June30, 1949 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 3,
May 24, 1947 (F).
Limnophila(Prionolabis) vancouverensis
Alexander,1943.-Coast: Coos Bay, May
23. 1947 (Mdkin): Glenada,May 23, 1947 (Malkin); Gunaldo Falls, June30; 1949
(F); Saddle Mt. (Boyer), May 27, June21, 1934, June19, July14, 1935, May 24,
July5-13, 1936 (Macnab and associates),determined
earlieras cressoni;part of typematerial.WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, May 4-14, 1945, April 23-30, 1946; Sta.

1954

ALEXANDER:

OF OREGON

TIPULOIDEA

65

3, April 22, May 16, 1946; Sta. 3A, M&Iay29, 1947; Sta. 4, May 2, 1947 (F). Corvallis, April 29 (Cole auct.), determined by Alexander as cressoniin Cole List (1921);
Dayton, Willamette River, April 24, 1949 (F); Low Pass Summit, April 13, 1947
(Malkin); Silver Creek Falls, June 23, 1939 (Aitken& Bohart); part of type material.
Cascades: Elk Lake, Marion Co., 3,850 ft., July 3, 1938 (M. C. Lane), part of typematerial; Prospect, May 22, 1921 (Dyar), part of type material; Salt Creek Falls, 3,800ft., July 14, 1947 (A ).
Limnophila(Dendrolimnophila)albomanicata(Alexander,1945) .-Coast: Gunaldo
Falls, July 14, 1949 (F); High Heaven, July 12, 1949 (F); Jessie M. Hioneyman State
Park, August 12, 1948 (F); Wheeler, July 24, 1949 (F). Willamette Valley: Peavine,

-d
-d

40

41

X

id~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Idid~~~~~~~~~~k--91jt-

42

~~~~
~~43

91

44

X

b

-a

4

45 9
Figs. 40-45.-Male hypopygia:40. Limnophila (Prionolabis) barberiAlexander.
41. L. (Prionolabis)bohartiAlexander.42. L. (Prionolabis)hepaticaAlexander.43. J.
Doane. 44. L. (Phylidorea)rubidaAlexander.45. L. (Priono(Prionolabis)indistincta
labi.s) oregonensis
Alexander.46. UlomorphaaridelaAlexander,holotype,venation(Seeof symbols).
fig.1 forexplanation

66

THE AMERICAN MIDLAND

NATURALIST

51 (l)

Sta. 3A, July5, 1946, June17, July7, 1947, July9, 1948 (F). SilverCreek Falls,
1,200 ft.,August2, 1948 (A & F). Cascades: Mount Hood-BeaverCreek, 1,150 ft.,
August7, 1946, July16, 1947, August 1, 1948 (A & F); Still Creek,3,600 ft.,July
16-17,1947 (A &- F). Salt CreekFalls, 3,800 ft.,August7, 1948 (F).
Limnophila(Phylidorea) claggi Alexander,1930.-Coast: Gunaldo Falls, June30,
1949 (F); PacificCity,May 23, 1948 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, May
23, 1947; Sta. 2, June1-19,1945, May 10, 1946, April 26, 1947; Sta. 3, May 16-29,
1946, May 7-30, 1947, June4, 1948, June6, 1949; Sta. 3A, May 21, June11, 1946,
May 19, 1947,June2-30, 1948, May 24, 1949 (F). Happy Valley,McMinnville,April
14, 1946 (F); McMinnville,June14, 1948 (F); SilverCreekFalls, July8, 1949 (F).
SouthernOregon: Ashland-Lakeof the Woods, June11, 1945 (F). Cascades: Mount
Hood-Hood RiverMeadows,4,480 ft.,August8, 1946, July17, 1947, July31, 1948
(A I&-F); HorsethiefMeadows,3,400 ft.,July18, 1947 (F); Sahale Falls, 4,575 ft.,
July17, 1947 (A & F). Odell Lake, 4,760 ft.,July13, 1947 (A). CraterLake-Pole
Creek Meadows, 5,900 ft., August 3, 1946 (A). EasternOregon: Ochoco National
Forest,June14, 1947 (F). Blue Mts.: SpringCre2k,3,900 ft.,June24-26, 1948, May
22, June15, 1949 (A & Baker); Pine Creek,4,900 ft.,June13, 1947, June25, 1948
(Baker); Balloon Tree Trail, 5,000 ft.,July3, 1948 (A). Wallowas: Wallowa Lake,
4,410 ft.,June28, 1948 (A).
Limnophila(Phylidorea)euxestaAlexander,1924.-Coast: High Heaven, May 4,1947 (F); PacificCity,May 23, 1948 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, May
22, July13, 1945, May 24, June20, 1946, May 15-23, 1947; Sta. 2, June18, 1946,
May 21-26, 1947; Sta. 3, May 29, June26, 1946, May 14, 1947, June25, 1948, July2, 1949; Sta. 3A, May 21, July5, 1946, May 5, June17, 1947, May 12-24,June30,
July14-16,1948 (F). McMinnville,May 24, 1947 (F); SilverCreekFalls, August1,
1948 (A & F). Cascades: Mount Hood-Bear Creek,1,400 ft.,August 1, 1948 (F);
Hood River,June30, 1917 (Melander); Hood RiverMeadows,4,480 ft.,July17, 1947,
July31, 1948 (A & F); Still Creek,3,600 ft.,July16, 1947 (A t& F). Kelly Creek,
June22, 1947 (F); MetoliusRiver,2,600 ft., July15, 1947, August 3, 1948 (F);Prospect,May 23, 1921 (Dyar); typematerial.
Limnophila(Phylidorea)flavipilaDoane, 1900 (as flavapila).-Willamette Valley:
PantherCreek,McMinnville,July14, 1948 (F).
Limnophila (Phylidorea) nycterisAlexander, 1943.-Southern Oregon: AshlandLake of the Woods, June10, 1945 (F); SiskiyouSummit,June 10, 1945 (F). Cascades: Mount Hood-Hood RiverMeadows,4,480 ft.,July31, 1948 (A). Blue Mts.:
SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,June24-26, 1948 (A & Baker).
Limnophila(Phylidorea)olympicaAlexander,1949.-SouthernOregon: Blue Creek,
SiskiyouNational Forest,August 9, 1948 (F). Cascades: Mount Hood-Hood River
Meadows,4,480 ft.,July17, 1947, July31, 1948 (A & F). Elk Lake, CenturyDrive,
4,900 ft.,August5-6, 1948 (F).
Limnophila(Phylidorea)pacalisAlexander,1949.-Blue Mts.: LangdonLake, 4,990
ft.,July17, 1948 (Lane); August17, 1948 (A); types.
Limnophila(Phylidorea)rubidaAlexander,1924.-Coast: High Heaven, August6,
1946 (A & F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 2, August6, 1946; Sta. 3, June14,
July2-16,August13, 1946, July8, 1947, July2, 1949; Sta. 3A, July12, 1945, August
12, 1946, July24, August30, September13, 1948 (F). Silver CreekFalls, 1,200 ft.,
August1, 1948 (A I& F). SouthernOregon: State Line Creek,August9, 1948 (A &F). Cascades: MountHood-BearCreek,1,400 ft.,August 1, 1948 (F); BeaverCreek,
1,150 ft.,August7, 1946 (A); Still Creek,3,600 ft.,July31, 1948 (A I&-F). Marion
Creek,August 17, 1947 (Albiight); Prospect,May 23, 1921 (Dyar), type; Willis
Creek,NorthSantiam,August17, 1947 (Albright).
The male hypopygium
is shown(Fig. 44).
Limnophila(Phylidorea) snoqualmiensis
Alexander,1945.-Coast: Charleston,June23, 1948 (Macnab). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, May 31, June5, 1945, May
2, June10, 1946, May 22, June24, 1947; Sta. 2, May 31, 1946 (F). Cascades: Mount
Hood-Hood River Meadows,4,480 ft., August8, 1946 (A & F). ClackamasLake,
3,300 ft.,August8, 1946 (A & F). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,June24, 1948
(A).
LimnophilaoccidensAlexander,1924.-Coast: High Heaven, July 12, 1949 (F);
Wheeler,July24, 1949 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, June4, July3, 1946,
May 22, June19, 1947; Sta. 3, May 16, July16, 1946,May 24, July1, 1947,June1629, July14, 1948, July2, 1949; Sta. 3A, June11, July13, September17, 1945, June
19, July13, September24, 1946, June30, July7-24, 1947, June8-24,July9-16, 1948,

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

67

June27, 1949 (F). SilverCreekFalls, 800 ft.,August2, 1948 (A & F); WillametteRiver,southof Dayton,June4, 1948 (F); Zena, June5, 1948 (F). Cascades: Mount
Hood-BearCreek,July 16, 1947, August 1, 1948 (A & F); Hood River Meadows,
July17, 1947, July31, 1948; HorsethiefMeadows,July18, 1947 (F); Robin Hood
ForestCamp, 3,560 ft.,August8, 1946, July17, 1947 (A & F); Still Creek,July16,
1947, July31, 1948 (A & F); Tilly JaneCreek,5,600 ft.,July29, 1948 (A & F).
Dutchman'sFlat, CenturyDrive, 6,100 ft.,August5, 1948 (F); Marion Creek,August
17, 1947 (Albright);MetoliusRiver,2,600 ft.,June15, 1947 (F). CraterLake-Annie
Springs,6,000 ft.,August1-3, 1946 (A); Cold Springs,5,900 ft.,August7, 1948 (A& F); Lost Creek,August2, 1946 (A); Pole CreekMeadows,5,900 ft.,August'3, 1946
(A), July12, 1947 (A). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,June24-26, 1948 (A),July25, August29, 1948, June5, 1949 (Baker); Balloon Tree Trail, 5,000 ft.,July3, 1948 (A). Wallowas: AneroidLake Trail, 7,000 ft.,July26, 1949 (Baker); Enterprise,4,200 ft.,June29, 1948 (A); Lostine,July2, 1948 (A); Wallowa Creek,4,675
ft.,June29, 1948 (A).
LimnophilatetonicolaAlexander,1945.-Cascades: Mount Hood-Sahale Falls, 4,575
ft.,July17, 1947, July31, 1948 (A & F); in smallswarmsoverstreambelowthe falls,
5,000 ft., July 16, 1947
restingon bouldersin streambed; Streambelow timberline,(A); Tilly JaneCreek,5,600 ft.,July18, 1947,July29, 1948 (A I& F); flyingin small
swarmsat sunset. CraterLake-AboveAnnie Springs,6,200 ft.,August2, 1946 (A);sweptfromlow herbagealong stream.Wallowas: AneroidLake Trail, 7,000 ft.,July
26, 1949 (Baker).

(OstenSacken,1859).-Coast: High Heaven,Julie22, 1945 (F).
PilariaimbecillaSta. 1, May29,July3, 1946(F).
WillametteValley:Peavine,
Alexander,
1924.-Coast:PacificCity,May 23, 1948 (F). WilPilariamicrocera
lametteSta. 1, May27, July3, 1947,July2, 1948;Sta. 3, June20-21,
Valley:Peavine,
3, 1946,May29, 1947(F). Cascades:
July16, 1946,May 14, 1947;Sta. 3A, Octobercutoff,August7, 1946 (F); StillCreek,
MountHood-OnemilesouthoftheWapinitia
River,August4, 1946 (A);July16, 1947,July31, 1948 (A & F). LittleDeschutes
May23, 1921(Dyar),
2,600ft.,August
3-14,1948(A & F); Prospect,
Metolius
River,
3,900ft.,June15, 1949 (Baker).
type.BlueMts.: SpringCreek,
June27 (J.M. Aldrich);
1927.-Coast:Marshfield,
UlomorphaaridelaAlexander,
type.The wingis shown(Fig.46).
western
speciesor forms
in thisgenus
The relationships
betweenthevarious
existing
themselves
bythepresence
arestillnotfullyunderstood.
areseparated
among
The species
lackin aridelaandnigrodorsalis,or absence
ofcellM1 ofthewings(cellM1 preserved
praescutalor lack of blackened
and vanduzeei)and in the presence
insqin sierricola

stripes.

1949.-Coast: GunaldoFalls,June30, 1949
Alexander,
nigrodorsalis
Ulomorpha
Sta. 3,
Valley:Peavine,
September
19-21,1949 (Davis). Willamette(F); Tillamook,May 29, July16, 1946,June18,July1, 1947,September
10, 1948,June6, 1949;Sta.
3,200ft.,August8,
3A, May 29, 1947 (F). Cascades:MountHood-BearSprings,
990 ft.,August5, 1946(A).
nearDexter,
1946(A); Hazel Creek,
have the praescutalSome of the specimens
stripespalerthanin othersand thus
themoresouthern
Alexander(as Peavine,Sta. 3,
quinque-cellula
Ulomorpha
approach
June16, 1948).
1918.-Coast:HighHeaven,August6, 1946,Julysierricola
Alexander,
Ulomorpha
Sta. 1, June10,July18, 1946,May
Valley:Peavine,
12, 1949(A I&F). Willamette
22-27,1947;Sta. 3, May 29, June13, 1946,July8-12,1947,June25, 1948,July2,
River,June4, 1948 (F). Cascades:
1949;Sta, 3A, June15, 1948 (F). Willamette
July17,
Creek,August1, 1948 (A I& F); Hood RiverMeadows,
MountHcod-Bear
August9, 1946,July18, 1947( A I& F); MultMeadows,
1947(A & F); Horsethief
nomahFalls,August9, 1946 (F); OneontaGorge,July19, 1947 (A); Still Creek,
3,600ft.,July16-17,1947(A & F); belowtimberline,
5,000ft.,August7, 1946(A &River,2,600ft.,August3, 1948(A & F); OdellLake,August4, 1946
F). Metolius
River,1,000ft.,August5, 1946 (A); Tombstone
Creek,Willamette(A); Schweitzer
August17, 1947(Albright).BlueMts.: SpringCreek,3,900
Meadows,
SouthSantiam,ft.,June25,July25, 1948(Baker);SouthForkoftheUpperWalla Walla River,1,450
ft.,July4, 1948 (A).
1920.-Willamette
vanduzeei
Valley: SilverCreekFalls,
Alexander,
Ulomorpha
Oregon:StateLineCreek,1,700ft.,August7, 1948
August2, 1948 (A). Southern

68

THE

AMERICAN MIDLAND

NATURALISTF1 (1)(A & F). Cascades: Odell Lake, JungleCreek,4,800 ft.,August6, 1948 (F); Salt
CreekFalls, 3,800 ft.,August7, 1948 (A).
Hexatoma (Eriocera) austera (Doane, 1900) (obscura Williston,1893).-Coast:
Castle Rock, May 13, 1949 (F). WillametteValley: WillametteRiver,near Dayton,
on gravelbar, April 17, 1948 (DorothyMcKey-Fender);associatedwithProtanyderus
vipio. Wallowas: Johnson
Park,Wallowa River,2,750 ft.,July2, 1948 (A); Five miles
east of Minam,Wallowa CanyonFount,2,700 ft.,July21, 1929 (Scullen).
Hexatoma (Eriocera) eriophora(Williston, 1893).-Eastern Oregon: Grant Co.,
July1, 1914 (W. 1. Chamberlin).Blue Mts.: AnthonyLake, 7,100-8,650ft., August
4, 1929 (Scullen); Upper Walla Walla River,August17, 1948 (A).
Hexatoma (Eriocera) scu4lleni
Alexander,1943.-Coast: High Heaven, August 6,
1946 (A); a singlewingcaughtin a spider'sweb close to stream.Cascades: Cascadia,
800 ft., August 15, 1924 (Scullen), type; North Santiam,near summitof highway,
August17, 1947 (KennethAlbright).
Hexatoma (Eriocera) solor Alexander,1943.-Coast: MountAlsea, August8, 1932
College.
(JamesRoaf), type;OregonState Agricultural
Hexatoma (Eriocera) velveta(Doane, 1900).-Willamette Valley: Corvallis,May
28 (A. L. Lovett); Happy Valley, McMinnville,May 12, 1946 (F); Summit,650 ft.,
June23, 1929 (Scullen).
ERIOPTERINI

americanaAlexander,1917.-Coast: Carlton-Meadow
Crypteria
Lake Road, October
13, 1945 (F); Saddle Mt. (Boyer), September
29, October29, 1934, October30, 1937
(Macnab and associates). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, September18, October
12, 1945; Sta. 3, November8, 1945, October16, 1946; Sta. 3A, October1-18, 1946
(F). MountAngel,165 ft. (F. Epper); type.
Cladura (Cladura) macnabiAlexander,1944.-Willamette Valley: McMinnville,
October3, 1936 (Macnab); type.
Cladura (Cladura) nigricauda sp. nov.-General colorationof thoraxreddish
the fusion-segment
brown,variegatedwithdarker;antennae12-segmented,
elongate,withninefreesegments
beyondit; wingswhitishsubhyaline,
withweak darkenedseams alongveinsCu and 2nd A; Rs strongly
arcuatedat origin;R2+3-4 aboutone-halflongerthan
R1+'; outer abdominalsegments,includingthe hypopygium,
black; male hypopygiumwith the tergallobes almostglabrous;gonapophysis
verylarge,unequallybispinous,theaxial spinelargest.
8. Length,about6-6.5 mm.;wing,7-7.5 mm.; antenna,about 1.3-1.4.
Rostrumbrown,pruinose;palpi dark brown. Antennae(Fig. 48) dark brown,thescape weaklypruinose;12-segmented,
therebeing nine segmentsbeyondthe fusion,thelatterevidentlyof whichthe last is indicatedby an incomplete
composedof fivesegments,
Head darkgray.
suture,theothersonlyby thesetal arrangement.
Pronotumpale brown,moreyellowedon the margins,the surfacesparselypruinose.
Mesonotumreddishbrown,the praescutumwith a conspicuousdarkerbrownmedianstripe;scutallobeswithdarkenedcenters;scutellum
darkenedmedially;mediortestrictedly
tergitedark brown,the marginsand the pleurotergite
yellow. Pleura yellow,restrictedly
darkenedon the anepisternum
and again on the ventralsternopleurite.
Halteresuniformof legs yellow,thely pale yellow.Legs withthe coxae and trochanters
yellow;remaindermoredarkened,tarsipassinginto black; legs
tips of both femoraand tibiaerestrictedly
relatively
long and slender,onlymoderately
hairy;no tibialspurs;clawslong and slender.
the prearcularfield and vein Sc morewhitened;
Wings (Fig. 47) whitishsubhyaline,
weak darkenedseams along veinsCu and 2nd A; veinsbrown,paler at and near thearcuatedat origin;R9?04 aboutone-halflongerthan-wingbase. Venation:Rs strongly
froma triflelongerthanits petioleto abouttwicethislength;mR2,3; cell M1 varying
its lengthbeyondthe forkof M.
cu oblique,aboutone-fourthalmostuniformly
Abdomendark brownishgray,the hypopygium
black. Male hypopygium(Fig. 49) withthe tergite,
9t, havingthe lobes small, separatedby a low Vshapednotch,almostglabrous.Basistyle,b, slender,withoutthe conspicuous
apical lobe
foundin bradleyiand macnabi.Dististyle,d, arcuate,graduallynarrowedto the obtuse
isabundant
withblackenedor
tip which set
spinulae;concave mesal face of stylewith
conspicuous
long erectsetae,thesesmall and littleevidenton the outerface. Gonapophy-

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

69

sis,g, veryconspicuous,unequallybifid,the axial spinelargest,incurved,
the smalllateralspineaboutone-thirdas large.
Holotype,8, PeavineRidge,Station3A, October12, 1946 (K. M. Fender). Paratopotypes,
8 8, October1, 18, 21, 1946 (Fender).
The mostsimilarspeciesare Cladura (Cladura) macnabiAlexanderand C. (Pterochionea) bradleyi(Alexander), whichdifferveryconspicuously
in the structureof themale hypopygium
and likewisein the antennae.These two speciesfurther
differamong
themselvesin variousdetailsof structureof the male hypopygia,
as follows:C. (C.)
rnacnabi.-Tergallobes Ecarcely
evident;gonapophysis
verysmall and simple,broadestat
base, narrowedand becomingpaler at outerend, finallyproducedinto a long slenderspine; apex of dististylewitha groupof verysmall shortspinouspoints. C. (P). bradleyi.-Tergitewith a concentrationof long black setae on the lobes, formingdistinct
tuftsor brushes;gonapophysis
appearingas a broad flattenedplate, the outermargin
wvith
microscopic
denticles,of which two are larger;at base of phallosomewith two
furtherstrongslenderspines.
It is becomingincreasingly
difficultto separatethe two suppofedsubgeneraCladura
Osten Sacken and Pterochionea
Alexander,and it will probablybe foundnecessaryto
abandonthe lattergroup.
Cladura (Cladura) oregonaAlexander,1919.-Coast: Lee's Camp, September18-25,
1949 (Davis); Saddle Mt. (Boyer), October14, 1933, September22, 1935, September
10, 1936 (Macnab and associates). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 3, October3-12,
November8, 1945; Sta. 3A, October 1-12, 1946 (F). ForestGrove,September30(Cole); type. Cascades: MountHood-ClearLake, 3,300 ft.,October7, 1945 (F).
Cladura (Pterochionea)bradleyi(Alexander,1916).-Cascades: Still Creek,3,600
ft.,October6, 1945 (F).
ChioneamacnabeanaAlexander,1946.-Coast: Wilson River,TillamookBurn,2,125
ft.,February8, 1946 (Macnab); type.
LipsothrixfenderiAlexander,1945.-Coast: Chetco River,August 11, 1948 (F);
JessieM. HoneymanState Park,August 12, 1948 (F); Lee's Camp, September18-25,
1949 (Davis). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 3, September18-23, 1945; Sta. 3A,
September18-October12, 1945; October1-12, 1946, September10-13,1948 (F); types.
Albrights,Dayton, September19, 1946 (F). Cascades: TombstoneMeadows, South
Santiam,August 17, 1947 (F).
Lipsothrixnigrilinea(Doane, 1900).-Coast: Gunaldo Falls, June6, July14, 1949
(F); High Heaven, July12, 1949 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, June17,
July3, August6, 1946 (F). SilverCreekFalls, LowerSouth Falls, 800 ft.,August2,
1948 (A & F).
Gonomyia(Idiocera) brookmani
Alexander,1944.-Blue Mts.: LittlePhillipsCreek,
above Elgin,2,850 ft.,July2, 1948 (A).
Male hypopygium(Fig. 50) withthe apex of the lobe of the basistyle,b, extended
into a pale acute point. Three dististyles,d, or arms,the two heavilyblackenedones
broadlyunitedbasally,the outerstyleor arm stouter,its apex truncate;innerarm more
slender,bispinousat apex; innerdististylea broadlyexpandedpale triangularblade, provided with long conspicuoussetae. Aedeagus, a, elongate,pale, the apex a recurved
slenderpoint. In the presentspecimen,
the acute pale tip of the lobe of the basistyleis
not clearlyvisible.
Gonomyia(Idiocera) coloradicaAlexander,1920.-Cascades: Tumalo Creek,near
Bend, 3,610 ft., August 15, 1948 (A).
Gonomyia(Idiocera) gothicanaAlexander,1943.-Cascades: Trout Creek Forest
Camp,South Santiam,1,245ft.,August2, 1948 (A).
Gonomyia(Idiocera) lindseyiAlexander,1944.-Blue Mts.: MosquitoCreek,Whitney,-June19, 1949 (Baker). Knownhithertoonly fromthe unique type,Modoc Co.,
California,
5,000 ft.,July1922.
There are slightdifferencesin the male hypopygiaof the two knownspecimensand
theseare shownin the accompanying
drawings.In the type (Fig. 52), the apex of thelobe of the basistyle,b, is broadlyobtuse. Four dististyles,d, or majorbranchesof thesame,the longesta relatively
narrowstraight
blade, the tip acute,at nearmidlength
bearing a strongblack spine; next longestor second stylea simpleblackenedrod that isstrongly
constricted
or sinuousat near onle-third
the length,the tip subacute;thirdstylea broadlyflattenedpale blade, subequalin size ancdshape to the lobe of the basistyle,providedwith pale setae; fourthstylea slenderpale rod, the acute tip pointedand

70

THE AMERICAN MIDLAND

51 (1)

NATURALIST

blackened.Aedeagus,a, slender,entirely
pale, theapex a shortcurvedhook. The secondor Oregonspecimen(Fig. 53) has the outerlobe of the basistyle,b, narrow;thirddististyle,d, narrower;
apex of fourthstylemoreextended,and thelateralspineof the second
thestylestouter.Because of this insufficientmaterial,it cannotbe statedas to whether
above represents
normalvariationwithina singlespeciesor whetherdistinctraces are
involved.
Gonomyia(Idiocera) shannoniAlexander,1926.-WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta.
3A, June7, July2, 1946, June24, 1948, July12, 1949 (F). Cascades: CraterLakePole CreekMeadows,5,900 ft.,August3, 1946, July12, 1947 (A); August7, 1948
(A & F).
Male hypopygium(Fig. 51) withthe outerlobe of basistyle,b, a fleshypale lobe,
the tip broadlyobtuse. Two dististyles,d, theouterone a largecomplexblackenedstructureshapedaboutas figured,
includinga broadlyflattenedouterarmwiththe apex trun-

47 \;

<

9

4 4

41

49

5

b

52~~~~~~~~551~~~5

Figs. 47-53.--47. Cladura (Cladura) nigricaudasp. nov.,venation.48. C. (Cladura)
nigricaudasp. nov.,antenna.49-5,3.Male hypopygia:49. Cladura (Cladura) nigricauda
Alexander,holotype.51. G. (Idiocera)
sp. nov. 50. Gonomyia(Idiocera) brookmani
shannoniAlexander.52. G. (Idiocera) lindseyiAlexander,holotype.53. G. (Idiocera)of symbols).
lindseyiAlexander(See fig.1 forexplanation

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOMDEA OF OREGON

71

cated,and a basal elongateslenderspine,the marginbetweenthesetwo pointsfurther
point;disk of stylebroadlyexpanded,providedwithmicroproducedinto a triangularsimilarin shape and appearanceto the lobe of thegenerallyscopicsetae. Innerdististyle
pale blade, its apex obtuse. Aedeagus,a, narrowedbasistyle,appearingas a flattenedoutwardly,
the apex a spinouspoint.
Gonomyia(Gonomyia) aciculiferaAlexander,1919.-Willamette Valley: Peavine,
withoutstationnumber,May 21, 1945 (F). SouthernOregon: Store Guich Forest
Camp,sweptfromwillowsalongthe IllinoisRiver,-August
9, 1948 (A & F). Cascades:
Westfir,1,000 ft.,August5, 1946 (A).
Gonomyia(Gonomyia) bihamataAlexander,1943.-Willamette Valley: Peavine,
Sta. 1, June24, 1947; Sta. 3, July16, 1946; Sta. 3A, May 23, 1947 (F). Cascades:
Mount Hood-TillyJaneCreek,5,600 ft.,July18, 1947 (A). Dutchman'sFlat, 6,100
ft.,August5, 1948 (A & F). CraterLake-AnnieSprings,6,000 ft.,August 1, 1948
Garden,6,800 ft.,July12, 1947 (A); Pole CreekMeadows,5,900 ft.,(A); Castlecrest
July11, 1947, August7, 1948 (A). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,June24-26,
1948 (A & Baker); AnthonyLake, 7,100 ft.,August7, 1929 (Scullen); Lime, Burnt
River,2,400 ft., June24, 1948 (A); Whitney,June 19, 1949 (Baker). Wallowas:
Wallowa Creek,at spring,4,675 ft.,June29, 1948 (A).
Alexander,1925).Gono'myia(Gonomyia) flavibasisAlexander,1916 (tuberculata
WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 3, May 14, 1947; Sta. 3A, August6, 1946, June15,
July14, 1944 (F); OrchardView,McMinnville,May
July24, 1948 (F); McMinnville,
July14, 1948 (F). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,
4, 1949 (F); PantherCreek,McMinnville,
3,900 ft.,June 15, 1949 (Baker); Upper Walla Walla River, 1,450 ft., August 17,
1948 (A).
Alexander,1945.-Coast: Coquille River,SitGonomyia(Gonomyia) percomplexa
kum,August5, 1948 (H. W. Thorne). WillametteValley: Peavine,June6, 1945 (F),type;Sta. 1, June10, July3, 1946, June19, July3, 1947; Sta. 3, June17, July16,
1946; Sta. 3A, May 21, July5, 1946 (F). McMinnville,PantherCreek,July14, 1948
(F); SilverCreekFalls, July8, 1949 (F); WillametteRiver,5 milessouthof Dayton,
June4, 1948 (F). Cascades: Mount Hood-PolallyForestCamp, 3,000 ft.,August9,
1946 (A); Salt CreekFalls, 3,800 ft.,August7, 1948 (A).
Gonomyia(Gonomyia) poliocephdlaAlexander,1924.-WillametteValley: Peavine,
no station,June1, 1945 (F), McMinnville,May 9, 1945 (F). Cascades: Trout Croek
ForestCamp, South Santiam,1,245 ft.,August2, 1948 (A). Blue Mts.: Upper Walla
Walla River,1,450 ft.,July4, 1948 (A). Wallowas: JohnsonPark, Wallowa River,
2,750 ft.,July2, 1948 (A).
Gonomyia(Gonomyia)virgata Doane, 1900.-Coast: Eel CreekForestCamp, Augusti1, 1948 (F); Gunaldo Falls, June6, 1949 (F); PacificCity, May 23, 1948 (F);
Wheeler,July24, 1949 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, June20, 1946; Sta.
3, June13, July2, 1947, June4, 1948; Sta. 3A, October1, 1946, May 29, 1947 (F).
Alexander,1927).
Rhabdomastix(Sacandaga) fascigerAlexander,1920 (subfasciger-Coast: ChetcoRiver,August11, 1948 (F); Coquille River,Sitkum,August2, 1948
(H. W. Thorne); High Heaven, July12, 1949 (F); Humbug MountainState Park,
August 11, 1948 (F); Saddle MountainState Park, July24, 1949 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,no station,May 16, 1945 (F). Cascades: Mount Hood-BeaverCreek,
1,150 ft.,July16, 1947 (A); MultnomahFalls, 100 ft.,August9, 1946 (F).- Cultus
Lake, 4,670 ft.,August6, 1948 (A); Tumalo Creek,Bend, 3,610 ft.,August15, 1948
(A). Blue Mts.: Upper Walla Walla River,aboveMilton,1,275ft.,July4, 1948 (A).
Rhabdomastix(Sacandaga) leonardiAlexander,1930.-Blue Mts.: Little Phillips
Creek,2,850 ft.,July3, 1948 (A); Pendleton,along Umatilla River,1,070 ft.,July5,1948 (A). Wallowas: HurricaneCreek,5,460 ft., July 11, 1949 (Sperry); Johnson
Park,Wallowa River,2,750 ft.,August18, 1948 (A).
Rhabdomastix(Sacandaga) setigeraAlexander,1943.-Coast: JordanCreek,Wilson
River-,
September5, 1948 (F); Lee's Camp, September18-25,1949 (Davis). Generally
similarto the type(Gothic,Colorado) but even largerand withthe detailsof venation
are verysimilarin bothlotsof specimens.AttenThe male hypopygia
different.
slightly
tubercleson the caudal marginof the innertion is called to the prominent
setigerous
dististyle.
Rhabdomastix(Sacandaga) trichophora
Alexander,1943.-Cascades: Cascadia, 800
ft.,August2, 1948 (F); Dutchman'sFlat, August5, 1948 (A); Tumalo Creek,Bend,
3,610 ft.,August 15, 1948 (A). CraterLake-AnnieSprings,6,000 ft.,August 1, 1946
(A).
(Cryptolabis)bisinuataDoane, 1900 (pachyphallusAlexander,1943).Cryptolabis

72

THE AMERICAN MIDLAND

NATURALIST

51 (1)

Coast: HumbugMountainState Park,August 11, 1948 (F). EasternOregon: Ochoco
ForestCamp, Ochoco Mts., 4,000 ft.,August15, 1948 (A). Wallowas: JohnsonPark,
Wallowa River,2,750 ft.,August20, 1948 (A).
Cryptolabis(Cryptolabis)retrorsa
Alexander,1950.-SouthernOregon: Store Gulch
ForestCamp, SiskiyouNational Forest,950 ft., August9, 1948 (A e& F); in great
numbersalongmarginsof IllinoisRiver,sweptfromwillow,alderand ash; typematerial.
Erioptera(Gonempeda) burraAlexander,1924.-Coast: Castle Rock,May 13, 1949
(F); Tierradel Mar, May 13, 1949 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, May 8,
June 1, 1945, April 23, May 2, 1946, May 10, 1949; Sta. 3A, May 3, 1946 (F).
Muddy Valley, McMinnville,May 9, 1945 (F). SouthernOregon: Ashland-Lakeof
theWoods, June10, 1945 (F). EasternOregon:MalheurNationalForest,Seneca,June
12, 1947 (F); Ochoco NationalForest,June14, 1947 (F). Blue Mts.: Whitney,June
19, 1949 (Baker). Wallowas: JohnsonPark, Wallowa River,2,750 ft.,July2, 1948
(A).
Erioptera(Empeda) alicia Alexander,1914.-WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 3A,
May 16, 1945, May 12-15, 1946 (F). ForestGrove,June3, (Cole); Grand Island,
WillametteRiver,June5, 1949 (F); Happy Valley, McMinnville,May 12, 1946 (F);
HendersonBridge,June 16, 1948, May 22, 1949 (F); PantherCree!<,McMinnville,
May 23, 1949 (F).
Male hypopygium(Fig. 54) withthe outerdististyle.
d, muchas in otherspeciesof
the subgenus,unequallybilobed at tip, the outerarm elongate,the shorterinnerone
darkenedat apex and producedlateradinto a small acute spine. Inner dististyleof
unique conformation,very broad-based,the outer apical angle producedinto a very
powerful,strongly
sinuousarm Lhatgraduallynarrowsintothe acutelypointedblackened
tip.
Erioptera(Mesocyphona)distinctaAlexander,1912.-Blue Mts.: Mosquito Creek,
Whitney,
June19, 1949 (Baker); SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,June15, 1949 (Baker).
Erioptera(Mesocyphona)dulcis Osten Sacken, 1877.-WillametteValley: Peavine:
Sta. 1, July12, 1946; Sta. 3, July2-16, September13, 1946, june 12, July8, 1947,
June29, 1948,July2, 1949; Sta. 3A, July11, September18, October17, 1945, July5,
August6, 1946, May 29, June17, 1947, July9-16, August30, September13, 1948,
June27, 1949 (F). SilverCreekFalls, August2, 1948 (A & F). SouthernOregon:
O'Brien, 1,475ft.,August9, 1948 (A & F). Cascades: Mount Hood-Belowtimberline,
5,000 ft.,August7, 1946 (A); Still Creek,3,600 ft.,July16, 1947 (A & F); Summit
Meadow, June29, 1947 (F). MetoliusRiver,2,600 ft.,August 3, 1948 (A & F).
Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,June24-27,July25, 1948, June15, 1949 (Baker);
Pine Creek,June30, 1949 (Baker & Sperry). Wallowas: Enterprise,
4,200 ft., June29, 1948 (A).
Erioptera(Mesocyphona)melanderiana
Alexander,1944.-Cascades: Mount HoodHood RiverMeadows,4,480 ft.,July17, 1947, July31, 1948 (A & F). Odell Lake,
Lazy Creek,4,800 ft.,August4, 1946 (A). CraterLake-Castlecrest
Garden,6,800 ft.,
August2, 1946 (A); Pole CreekMeadows,5,900 ft.,August3, 1946, July12, 1947(A), August7, 1948 (A & F).
Erioptera(Erioptera) dyariAlexander,1924.-WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 3,
September
27, October23, 1945, May 23, July21, September13, 1946 (F). Cascades:
MetoliusRiver,River Island ForestCamp, August4, 1948 (A). Blue Mts.: Spring
Creek,3,900 ft.,August10, 1949 (Baker).
Ertoptera(Erioptera) orcgoniensis
Alexander,1920.-Coast: Grand Ronde, March
31, 1949 (F); High Heaven,EdmundsRanch,April 1, 1949 (F); Saddle Mt. (Boyer),
April 11, May 2, 1937 (Macnab); Sand Lake, April 12, 1949 (F); Tillamook,March
26, 1919 (A. C. Burrill),type;Wallace Bridge,March 31, 1948 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 3, February12, 1946, April 13, 1949 (F). Happy Valley,McMinnville,April 14, 1946 (F).
Male hypopygium(Fig. 55) withthe dististyles,d, nearlyterminal,
the outerstylelarge,blackened,on outerface at near midlength
witha low lobe, the apex broadlyflat.
tened and providedwithparallel rowsof spinoussetae. Inner dististylea simplerod,
aboutthe apical thirdexpanded,witha strongseta at apex; surfacenearlyglabrous,theface of the expandedportionwithmicroscopic
setulae. Gonapophysis,g, on slides eachappearingas a triangular
blacklened
blade, the tip acute,the blades divergent.Aedeagus
small.
Erioptera(Erioptera)septemtrionis
Osten Sacken, 1859 (subseptemtrionis
Alexander,
1920.-WillametteValley: Peavine,no station,April 19, May 4, 1945 (F). Happy

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

73

Valley,McMinnville,April 14, 1946 (F); SilverCreekFalls, May 9, 1948 (F). Southern Oregon: O'Brien, 1,475 ft.,August9, 1948 (A & F). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,
3,900 ft.,July15, 1948, May 9, 1949 (Baker); LittlePhillipsCreek,2,850 ft.,July2,
1948 (A); South Fork of Upper Walla Walla River, 1,450 ft., July4, 1948 (A).
Wallowas: Enterprise,
4,200 ft.,June29, 1948 (A); Lazy T Ranch,July11, August28,
1949 (Sperry).
Erioptera(Symplecta)cana (Walker, 1848) (All AmericanrecordsforhybridaMeigen, 1804, and punctipennis
Meigen, 1818).-Willamette Valley: Peavine,June 18,
1948; Sta. 3, July12, 1945, April 20, 1948; Sta. 3A, May 3, 1946 (F). McMinnville, Fenderhome,November10, 1942, Aptil 14, May 15, 1945, May 26-29, 1948,
chiefly
at light(F); Corvallis,May 29, (Cole auct.); WillametteRiver,3 milessouthof
Dayton,June3, 1948 (F). SouthernOregon: Ashland-Lakeof the Woods, June 10,1945 (F). Cascades: Mount Hood-Cloud Cap Inn Junction,
August 9, 1946 (F);
Hood River,June8 (Cole); Hood RiverMeadows,July17, 1947 (A & F); Polally
ForestCamp, 3,000 ft.,August9, 1946 (F); Robin Hood ForestCamp, 3,560 ft.,July17, 1947 (A); TimberlineLodge, 5,500 ft., August7, 1946 (A). Cascadia, 800 ft.,
August2, 1948 (A & F); Devils Garden,CenturyDrive,August5, 1948 (A); Metolius River,August3, 1948 (A & F); Tumalo Creek,Bend, 3,610 ft.,August14, 1948
(A). CraterLakePark Headquarters,6,500 ft.,August2, 1946 (A). EasternOregon:
Bly,4,355 ft.,June13, 1945 (F); FremontNationalForest,June12, 1945 (F); French
Glen, June 12, 1947 (F); MountainCreek,August 16, 1948 (A); Ochoco National
Forest,June 14, 1947 (F); Warner Lakes, June 12, 1947 (F). Blue Mts.: Spring
Creek,3,900 ft.,June5, 1949 (Baker); Huntington,
June17, 1939 (Knowlton);Lime,alongBurntRiver,2,400 ft.,June17, 1939 (Knowlton),June24, 1948 (A); Pendleton,July5, 1948 (A); StarrCreek,MalheurNational Forest,May 30, 1949 (Baker);
Upper Walla Walla River,August18, 1948 (A); WhitmanNational Forest,June14,
1947 (F). Wallowas: AneroidLake Trail, 7,000 ft.,July26, 1949 (Baker); Enterprise,
4,200 ft.,June29, 1948 (A); Lazy T Ranch,July13, August28-31, 1949 (Sperry);
LostineValley, 5,000 ft.,July1, 1948 (A).
Erioptera(Trimicra)pilipes(Fabricius,1787), var.-Coast: Langlois,June22, 1939
(Knowlton); Neskowin,August 17, 1948 (James). WillametteValley: Henderson
Bridge,June16, 1948, May 22, 1949 (F).
Erioptera (Psiloconopa) bispinigeraAlexander,1930.-CaEcades: Tumalo Creek,
Bend, 3,610 ft., August 15, 1948 (A). EasternOregon: Malheur National Forest,
Seneca, June12, 1947 (F); Ochoco National Forest,Tune 14, 1947 (F). Blue Mts.:
SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,June25, 1948 (A). LittlePhillipsCreek,2,850 ft.,July3, 1948
(A); Whitney,June19, 1949 (Baker). Wallowas: Eagle Cap WildernessArea, 5,000
ft.,June28, 1948 (A); Lostine,3,375 ft.,July2, 1948 (A).
Erioptera(Psiloconopa) carbonipes
Alexander,1929.-WillametteValley: Henderson
Bridge,2 mileswestof Amity,June16, 1948, May 22, 1949 (F).
Eriopteia (Psiloconopa) irata Alexander,1949.-Coast: Eel Creek Forest Camnp,
August 11. 1948 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, April 23, July26, 1946,
June19, 1947 (F). Happy Valley,McMinnville,April 14, August6, 1946 (F); HendersonsBridge,May 22, 1949 (F); PantherCreek,McMinnville,July14-25,1948, May
23, 1949 (F). Cascades: Hazel Creek,near Dexter,July15, 1947 (A); Westfir,1,000
ft.,August5, 1946 (A).
Erioptera(Psiloconopa) manitobensis
Alexander,1929.-Blue Mts.: Dixie, May 18,
1949 (Davis); Lime, BurntRiver,2,400 ft.,June24, 1948 (A); Pendleton,Umatilla
River,July5, 1948 (A); Upper Walla Walla River,above Milton, 1,275 ft.,July4,
1948 (A ).
Erioptera(Psiloconopa) megarhabda(Alexander,1943) .-Cascades: Cascadia, 800
ft.,August2, 1948 (A & F); TroutCreekForestCamp, 1,245 ft.,August2, 1948 (A).
Blue Mts.: LittlePhillipsCreek,2,850 ft.,July2, 1948 (A).
Erioptera (Psiloconopa) rainieriaAlexander, 1943.-Cascades: Dutchman's Flat,
6,100 ft.,August5, 1948 (A & F); LittleDeschutesRiver,August4, 1946 (A); Odell
Lake, Lazy Creek,4,800 ft.,August4, 1946 (A). CraterLake-LostCreek,5,900 ft.,
August2, 1946 (A); Pole CreekMeadows,5,900 ft.,August3, 1946, August7, 1948
(A). EasternOregon: Bly, 4,355 ft.,June13, 1945 (F).
Erioptera(Psiloconopa) shoshoneAlexander,1945.-Willamette Valley: WillametteRiver,nearDayton,on gravelbars,April 17, 1949 (F). Wallowas: Johnson
Park,Wallowa River,2,750 ft.,August18, 1948 (A).
Erioptera(Psiloconopa) unduligeraAlexander,1945.-Eastern Oregon: Bly, 4,355
ft.,June13, 1945 (F); type.

74

THE

AMERICAN MIDLAND

51 (1)

NATURALIST

Ersoptera(Psiloconopa) zukeli Alexander,1940.-Blue Mts.: Upper Walla Walla
River, 1,450 ft., July4, August 17, 1948 (A). Wallowas: JohnsonPark, Wallowa
River,2,750 ft.,July2, 1948 (A).
Erioptera(Hesperoconopa)dolichophallus
Alexander,1948.-Cascades: MountHoodHorsethiefMeadows,3,400 ft.,July18, 1947 (F); Robin Hood Camp, 3,560 ft.,July
18, 1947, alongmarginsof the Hood River(F); Sahale Falls, 4,575 ft.,July17, 1947,
July31, 1948 (F); Salmon River,July30, 1948 (F); Still Creek,July16, 1947 (A &F). MetoliusRiver,2,600 ft.,June14, 1945, August3, 1948 (F).

dd

p

W

~~~~~~~~~bw

54~~~-

56

9t

W~~

58

t-

57

tI9t

A

b-

~

~~~~~

60

Figs. 54-60.-Male hypopygia:54. Erioptera(Empeda) alicia Alexander. 55. E.
Alexander. 56. Ormosia (Rhypholophus)oregonicaAlexander.
(Erioptera) oregonensis
57. 0. (Rhypholophus)hoodiana Alexander. 58. 0. (Ormosia) albrightisp. nov.
59. 0. (Ormosia) bucerasp. nov. 60. 0. (Ormosia) curvataAlexander(See fig.1 forof symbols).
explanation

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON75

Erioptera(Hesperoconopa)pilipennisAlexander,1918.-Cascades: Hood River,June2, 1917 (throughCole); type.
Ormosia (Rhypholophus)bifidariaAlexander,1919.-Cascades: Mount Hood-TimberlineLodge, 5,500 ft.,August7, 1946 (A & F); amongmountainhemlockand limberpine,sweptfrombeds of beargrassand Calochortus.Dutchman'sFlat, 6,100 ft.,August
5, 1948 (A). Blue Mts.: AnthonyLake, 7,000 ft.,June27, 1948 (A & Baker).
Ormosia (Rhypholophus)fumata(Doane, 1900).-Coast: High Heaven, July 12,1949 (F); Saddle MountainState Park,July24, 1949 (F). Cascades: Tumalo Creek,
Bend,3,610 ft.,August15, 1948 (A). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,August29,1948 (Baker); LangdonLake 4,990 ft., August16, 1948 (A).
Ormosia(Rhypholophus)hoodianaAlexander,1944.-Cascades: MountHood-Hood
River,July29, 1921 (Melander), types;Hood RiverMeadows,4,480 ft.,July17 1947
(A & F).
Male hypopygium(Fig. 57) withthe outerdististyle,d, large,its loweranglegreatly
estendeAand narr
owed, the surface,especiallyof the ouiterangle, coveredwith scalesarrangedin parallel rows. Inner dististylenarrow,gentlycurved. Gonapophyses,g,
appearingas two strongplatesthatforma virtuallycontinuous
straightangle,the outerarms blackened,bispinous,the mesal portionproducedinto a stronglycurvedslenderhook. Branchesof aedeagus,a, short.
Ormosia(Rhvpholophus)oregonicaAlexander,1944 (fugaxAlexander,1946).-WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 3, September10-18,1945 (F), typesof fugax. Cascades:
Hazel Creek,near Dexter,August5, 1946 (A); Willis Creek,North Santiam,August
17, 1947 (F). CraterLake, 6,400-6,600ft.,August29, 1930 (Scullen), typeof ore-gonica.

Male hypopygium(Fig. 56) withthecaudal marginof the tergite,
9t, deeplynotched.
Outer dististyle,in size,d, broadlyexpanded,the two apical lobes not greatlydifferent
providedwithunusuallyabundantand denseblack spinoussetae. Innerdististylea relativelybroad flattenedblade. Gonapophysis,g, bispinous,the outerspine slenderandsimple(fugax) or unequallybispinous(oregonica);innerspinelonger,strongly
bentnearbase. Branchesof aedeagus,a, relatively
short.
Ormosia (Rhypholophus)paradiseaAlexander,1920 (garrettiAlexander,1926).Cascades: Mount Hood-Sahale Falls, 4,575 ft.,July17, 1947 (F); Tilly JaneCreek,
5,600-5,700ft., July18, 1947, July29-30, 1948 (A & F); abundant,swarming,incasesverycloseto banksof meltingsnow.
Ormosia (Rhypholophus)suffumataAlexander,1943.-Blue Mts.: Spring Creek,
3,900 ft.,September6-19, 1948 (Baker). Wallowas: LostineValley, 5,500 ft.,August
18, 1948 (A).
Ormosia(Ormosia) absarokaAlexander,1943.-Willamette Valley: Peavine,no station,May 5, 1945, on swordfern(F). Cascades: Mount Hood-TillyJaneCreek,5,600
ft.,July29, 1948 (A); Timberline
Lodge, 5,500 ft.,July16, 1947, sweptfromfirandmountainhemlock(A & F). CraterLake-AnnieCreek,6,000 ft.,August1, 1946 (A);Lake Trail, 6,200-6,600ft.,July12, 1947 (A). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,
April 26, 1949 (Baker); AnthonyLake, 7,000 ft.,June27, 1947, sweptfrombeds ofAllium and Saxifragain boggyarea (A & Baker); LangdonLake, 4,970 ft.,July2,
1948; a singleverylargespecimensweptfrommarshvegetation(A).
Ormosia (Ormosia) albertensisAlexander, 1933.-Cascades: Mount Hood-Hood
River Meadows,4,480 ft.,August8, 1946 (A & F); Robin Hood Camp, 3,560 ft.,
August8, 1946 (A & F). LittleDeschutesRiver,August4, 1946 (A); Tumalo Creek,
Bend, 3,610 ft.,August 15, 1948 (A). CraterLake-AnnieCreek,6,000 ft.,August 13) 1946 (A). Wallowas: AneroidLake Trail, 7,000 ft.,July26, 1949 (Baker).
Ormosia (Ormosia) albrighti sp. nov.-Belongs to the similisgroup;thoraxvery
pale buffyyellow;antennaeelongate;wingsgrayishsubhyaline,the veins pale brown,
relatively
cell Me open by the atrophyof the basal sectionof M ,; An-il
inconspicuous;veinsconvergent;
male hypopygium
witha singleverypowerfulblackenedhornon mesal
face of basistyle;phallosomerelativelyof a blackenedcentralplate,eachsmall,consistingouterlateralangleof whichis producedintotwoslenderspines.
8. Length,about5 mm.;wing,5.8 mm.
Rostrumand palpi brown. Antennaewithscape and pedicel yellow;firstflagellarof antennabrokenbut it is evidentthatthe organis
segmentelongate,brown;remainder
elongate.Head abovedarkgray.
Thorax verypale buffyyellow,only a littledarkerthan the pretergites.
Haltereswithstempale, knobveryweaklydarkened.Legs withthe coxae and trochantcrs
yellow;

76

THE AMERICAN MIDLAND

NATURALIST

51 (1)

remainderof legs obscureyellow,the femoraltips moredarkened.Wings grayishsubhyaline,the stigmalregiondarker;veinspale brown,relatively
inconspicuous.Venation:
Cell M9 open by atrophyof basal sectionof M.; vein2nd A sinuouson morethanthe
cuterthird.
(Fig. 58) withAbdomen,includinghypopygium,
mediumbrown. Male hypopygium
the caudal marginof tergite,9t, broadlyemarginate,
the lobes obtuse. Mesal face ofbasistyle,b, bearinga singleverypowerfulblackenedhornfroman expandedbase, thehornsdirectedcaudad and slightlyoutward. Outer dististyle,d, relativelylong, witha paleabundantblackenedscalelikesetae over most of theirlength. Inner disltistyle
blade, blackenedand acute at apex. Phallosome,p, relatively
small, as comparedwith
the hornof the basistyle,consistingof a blackenedcentralplate,the outerlateralangle
producedcaudad into two slenderspines,the outer and less curvedone pale at tip.
Aedeaguslongand slender,verystrongly
bentnear apex.
Holotype,8, Salt CreekFalls, 3,800 ft.,July14, 1947 (C. P. Alexander);on wet
rockyledgesalongtrailto the footof the falls.
I am pleased to name thisflyfor Mr. Ray Albright,to whomI am muchindebted
for variousinteresting
Oregon Tipulidae. The closestrelativeis Ormosia (Ormosia)
male hypopygium.
furibunda
sp. nov. whichis readilytold by the quitedifferent
Ormosia (Ormosia) bucera sp. nov.-Allied to leptorhabda;thoraxalmostuniformly
brownishyellow,scarcelypatterned;
wingswitha strongfulvousbrownsuffusloh;
cell M2 open by the atrophyof m; male hypopygium
withthe tergitebroad,the caudal
bordertruncate;outerdististylea flattened
scooplikestructure,
its apex broadlytruncate;phallosomewitha depressedceintral
plate whoseouteranglesare producedlateradinto
strongspines; apophysesappearingas 'evenlargerspinesthat are directedmesad andcaudad.
a3. Length,about4.5-4.7mm.;wing,4.7-5 mm.
Rostrumand palpi brownish
black. Antennaebroken.Head darkbrown.
Thorax almostuniformly
brownishyellow,scarcelypatterned;pseudosutural
foveaepale, tuberculatepitsmoreevident,reddishbrown.Pleura somewhatcleareryellowthan
the dorsum.Haltereswithstempale, knob infuscated.Legs withcoxae and trochanters
yellow,remainderof legs brownish
yellow.Wings witha strongfulvousbrownsuffusion,
the prearcularand costal regionssomewhatcleareryellow;stigmalregionpale brown,veinspale brown,morebrownishyellowin the brightened
fields. Venainconspicuous;tion: R 2+3+4 longerthan basal sectionof R5; cell M2 open by atrophyof m; m-cu
aboutone-fourth
its lengthbeyondtheforkof M; Anal veinsdivergent.
more yellowed;hypopygium
Abdominaltergitesbrown,the sternites
yellow. Male
hypopygium(Fig. 59) with the tergite,9t, broad, slightlyexpandedoutwardly,thethoseof the sides
caudal bordertruncat?,
withveryshortand inconspicuous
fimbriations,its apex
longerand more evident. Outer dististyle,d, a flattenedscooplikestructure,
truncate,the surfacewith rows of blackenedspinoussetae,some of whichare larger
that narrowsabruptly
and more conspicuous.Inner dististylea broad-basedstructure
into a long straightrod, the tip obtuse;lowersurfacewithscatteredsetae,includinga
largerone near tip. Phallosome,p, havingthe depressedcentralplate withits outeranglesproducedlateradinto strongspines;on eitherside of the phalloEomewithevenlargerspinesthatare directedmesadand caudad.
Holotype,,, BeaverCreek,MountHood, 1,150 ft.,August7, 1946 (C. P. Alexana broken,3 July16, 1947 (Alexander& Fender); paratypes,& ader). Paratopotype,
Bear Creek,1,400 ft.,August1, 1948 (C. P. Alexander).
in
Most nearlyallied to Ormosia(Ormosia) leptorhabdaAlexander,1943, differing
the detailsof structureof the male hypopygium.
Ormosia (Ormosia) curvataAlexander,1924.-Coast: Grand Ronde, March 31,
1949 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 2, March 21, 1947 (F).
Male hypopygium(Fig. 60) withthe tergite,
9t, large,its appendageelongate-triangular in outline,the base narrow,the apex witha narrowmediansplit; outerthirdof
the basal half withfewerbut largersetae. Basistyle,b,lobe withabundantfimbriations,of the dististyles.Outer dististyle,d,slightlybeyondthe point of insertion
projectingof a scooplikebase and an extendedouterpart that narrowsinto a strong
consisting
as a stoutaim, its outermarginbeyond
curvedhook. Inner dististylelarger,-appearing
witha long acute black spine; lowermarginof apex beyondthis pointwith
inidlength
pale membrane.Gonapophysis
black,unequallybispinous,the outerspine a small acute

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

77

point. Aedeagus,a, unusuallysmall and weak,especiallythe slenderapex, the latteratbase witha flattenedplate thatis extendedintosmalllateralpoints.
Ormosia (Ormosia) davisi sp. nov.-Belongs to the similis group, allied tounicornis;
male hypopygium
withthe outerarmof the outerdististyle
a curvedblackrodthat bears two or threestrongappressedspines;innerarm short-stemmed,
the apex abroadlyflattened
blade thatis extendedintotwo powerfulspines;innerdististylea longslenderrod, at nearmidlengthof outerface bearingan erectspine.
8 . Length,about4.5 mm.;wing,5.2 mm.;antenna,about 1.1 mm.
Rostrumand palpi black. Antennaeshort,black; flagellarsegments
withlongverticils
and a shorterabundantwhitishpubescence.Head darkbrown.
Thoracicnotumalmostuniformly
dark grayishbrown,the pretergites
not brightened;
postnotum
and pleuraslightlypaler. Halteresyeilow. Legs withthe coxae pale brown;
trochanters
yellow;remainderof legs brown,femoralbases obscureyellow,broadeston
the posterior
legs. Wings tingedwithbrown,the prearcularfieldmoreyellowed;stigma
dar'er brown;veinsbrown,thoseat the base pale. Venation:R2?,+ subequalto veinR2;
cell M2 open by the atrophyof basal sectionof vein M.; Anal veins divergent,vein
X2ndA virtuallystraight.
Abdomendarkbrown.Male hypopygium(Fig. 63) withthe medianlobe of tergite,
9t, elongate,narrowedat base, gentlywidenedoutwardly,
the apex bilobedby a mediannotch (this probablybroaderthan figured,
due to deformation
on slide). Basistyle,b,
at apex producedinto a stoutlobe. Dististyles,d, subterminal,
the outerone profoundly
bilobed,theouterarma curvedblackrod thatbearstwoor threestrongappressedspines;
innerarmshort-stemmed,
the apex a broadlyflattened
blade thatextendsintotwopowerful spines,as figured.Inner dististylea long slenderrod, at near midlengthof outerface bearingan crectspine,the apex of the stylebeyondthis pointmoremembranous,
especiallyon the lowerhalf. Gonapophysis,g, terminatingin two unequal spines,theaxial one muchlongerand stouter.
Holotype,8, SilverCreekFalls, 1,000 ft.,July8, 1949 (K. M. Fender).
This interesting
Ormosiais namedfor Mr. JohnE. Davis, to whomI am indebted
for severalinteresting
Tipulidae frommanypartsof Oregon. It is closestto Ormosia(Ormosia) unicornissp. nov., which differsin the details of structuLreof the malehypopygium,
particularly
the entireouterarm of the outerdististyle.
Ormosia (Ormosia) decussataAlexander,1924.-Coast: Cannon Beach, August 6,
1940 (Townes); High Heaven, July12, 1949 (F); Salmon River,near Boyer,August
12, 1948 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,no station,September18, October12, 1945;
Sta. 3A, July24, 1948 (F). SilverCreekFalls, August2, 1948 (F). Cascades: Mount
Hood-BearCreek,1,400 ft.,August1, 1948 (A). MetoliusRiver,August3, 1948 (AF).
Ormosia(Ormosia) defrenata
Alexander,1948.-Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,
August29, 1948 (Baker). Wallowas: LostineValley, above FrenchForestCamp, 5,500
ft.,August 19, 1948 (A).
Ormosia (Ormosia) divergens(Coquillett,1905) .-Cascades: Mount Hood-North
Fork of Iron Creek,4,400 ft.,July31, 1948 (A). Wallowas: Springat PowerPlant,
Wallowa Creek,4,675 ft.,June29, 1948 (A); HurricaneCreek,5,460 ft., July11,
1949 (Sperry).
Ormosia (Ormosia) flaveola (Coquillett,1900).-Coast: High Heaven, April 1,
1949 (F). WillametteValley: SilverCreekFalls, May 9, 1948, July8, 1949 (F).
Ormosia (Ormosia) furibunda sp. nov.-Belongs to the similisgroup; generalcolorationof the thoracicdorsummediumbrown;antennae(male) elongate,nodulose;
wingswithcell M2 openby atrophyof basal sectionof M3; vein2nd A strongly
sinuouson outerthird;male hypopygium
withthe phallosomeconsistingof two pairsof heavily
blackenedrodsor apophyses,
thesmallerinnerpair bearinga slenderlateralbranch;outerp6rtionof aedeagusstrongly
sinuous.
Length,about4.5-5 mm.;wing,5.2-6mm.;antenna,about3-3.5mm.
a.
Rostrumand palpi brown.Antennae(male) elongate,nearlytwo-thirds
as long as
the wing;scape and pedicelobscureyellow,flagellumbrownishblack; flagellarsegments
swollenbasally,narrowedon morethan the outerhalf; longestverticilsunilaterally
disa trifleexceedingthe segments.Head darkbrown.
tributed,Thorax mediumbrown,withoutevidentpattern;lateralpraescutalbordersand thepleuramorebrownishyellowto obscureyellow. Halteres pale, knobsweaklydarkened.
Legs withthe coxae and trochantersobscureyellow;remainderof legs yellow,the tarsi

78

THE AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALiST

51 (1)

intodarkbrown.Wings (Fig. 61) witha weakbrownish
passinig
tinge,the stigmadarker
brown;costal borderslightlymore infuscatedthan remainderof ground;veins brown.
Venation:Cell M2 opcnby atrophyof basal sectionof M,; vein2nd A strongly
sinuouson outerthird.
Abdomen,includinghypopygium,
darkbrown.Male hypopygium(Fig. 62) withthe
9t broad,the caudal marginwitha broadV-shapednotch,thelaterallobesbroad.
tergite,Outer dististyle,d, small,the setae or setoidspinesthat formthe vestitureverysmall.
Innerdististyleobtuseat tip. Phallosomne,p, complex,comprisedof two pairs of gonapophyses,theseheavilyblackened,the outerpair larger;innerapophysesbearinga small
lateralbranchthatbecomespale on its outerhalf. Aedeagus,a, slendsr,straighton morethanthe basal half,the outerportionstrongly
sinuous.
Holotype,8, PeavineRidge,Station3A, July5, 1946 (K. M. Fender). Paratopotypes,2 8 d; 1 8, June27, 1949 (K. M. Fender).
Ormosia(Ormosia) furibundais readilytold fromall otherregionalspecieshaving
elongatenoduloseantecnnae
in the male by the structureof the hypopygium,
particularly
the complexphallosome.In its generalappearanceit is nmost
like 0. (O.) decussata
Alexander,0. (O.) longicornis(Doane), and 0. (O.) pugetensisAlexander,yet is:ntirely
distinctfromall.
Ormosia(Ormosia) fusiformis(Doane, 1900).--Coast: Saddle Mt. (Boyer), October 26, 1935 (Dirks-Edmunds).WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, June20, 1946,
May 22, June24, 1947; Sta. 2, April 26, 1947; Sta. 3, July2, September13, October
28, 1946, May 3, 1947, May 25, June29, 1948, June6, 1949; Sta. 3A, July12, October 10, 1945, May 15, June19, October3-18, 1946, May 5-23,June17, 1947, July16,
September10, 1948; Sta. 4, April 19, 1947 (F). Happy Valley,McMinnville,May 12,
August6, 1946 (F); McMinnville,May 16, 1945, on skunkcabbage(F); SilverCreek
Falls, July8, 1949 (F). Cascades: Mount Hood-BearCreek,1,400 ft.,August 1, 1948
(A & F); Still Creek,3,600 ft.,July16, 1947, July31, 1948 (F); WapinitiaCutoff,
August7, 1946 (F). Indian Ford,3,240 ft.,August5, 1948 (A & F); MetoliusRiver,
2,600 ft., August3, 1948 (A e& F); Willis Creek,August 17, 1947 (Albright). Blue
Mts.: LangdonLake, 4,990 ft.,July2, 1948 (A); LittlePhillipsCreek,2,850 ft., July3, 1948 (A); Upper Walla Walla River,aboveMilton,1,275 ft.,July4, 1948 (A).
Ormosia (Ormosia) gerronis sp. nov.-Belongs to the similisgroup;mesonotum
reddishbrown,dorsalpleurites
the moreventralones yellowed;antenweaklyinfuscated,nae (male) of moderatelength;wingswithcell M. open by atrophyof basal sectionof
O,,Anlalveinsconvergent;
male hypopygium
havingthe phallosomeconsistingof a central blackenedrod at near midlengthproducedlateradinto short-triangular
blackenedspines.

8 Length,about5 mm.;wing,5.5 mm.
Rostrumbrown;palpi black. Antennae(male) withscape brownishyellow,the succeedingthreesegmentsdark brown,the remainder
broken;basal two flagellarsegments
long-fusiform,
withlong verticils;
the organ,whenentire,evidently
reachingbackwardat
leastto base of abdomen.Head darkbrown.
Pronotumlightbrown,the scutellumand pretergites
pale yellow. Mesonotumchiefly
reddishbrown,the humeralregionof praescutum
a littlemore brightened;
praescutumwithindicationsof threedarkerstripes,the medianone deeperin front.Dorsal pleurites
and ventralhalfof pleurotergite
the ventralpleuritesand dorsopleural
weaklyinfuscated,membraneyellow.Halteresinfuscated.Legs withthe coxae and trochanterspale yellow;
remainderof legs brownto darkbrown.Wings witha weak brownish
tinge,the stigma1
regionstilldarker;veinspale brown.Venation:Sc1 endingnearlyoppositeR.; R2 3+4
aboutone-halflongerthanthe basal sectionof R, ; cell M2 open by the atrophyof basal
sectionof M<,; Anal veinsconvergent.
Abdomen,includinghypopygium,
dark brown. Male hypopygium(Fig. 65) with
the-caudal marginof tergite,
9t, witha shallowU-shaped notch,the laterallobes relativelybroad,truncatedat tips,the outermarginnarrowly
dusky. Basistyle,b, on mesal
face withtwo unequal spines,the morecaudal one larger,directedbackward,the small
slenderanteriorspine directedmesad and then caudad. Phallosome,p, of distinctive
form,consistingof a centralblackenedrod,at nearmidlength
essentially
producedlateradintoshort-triangular
blackenedspines;centralproducedportionbeforeapex witha small
subterminal
spineon eitherside.
Holotype,8, HumbugMountainState Park,August11, 1948 (K. M. Fender).
Most similarto Ormosia(Ormosia) hepiacanthaAlexanderand 0. (O.) nonacantha
sp. nov.,differingin thedetailsof structureof the male hypopygium.
-chiefly

ALEXANDER:

1954

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

79

Metolius River, 2,600
Ormosia (Ormosia) hallahani Alexander, 1943.-C3scades:ft., June 14, 1945 (F).
Ormosia (Ormosia) hispa Alexander, 1945.-Willamette Valley: Peavine, Sta. 1,
June 4, July 3, 1946, May 15-27, June 19, 1947; Sta. 2, June 4-27, July 6, 1946; Sta.
3A, June 11, 1946 (F). McMinnville, July 2, 1949 (F); Panther Creek, McMinnville,
May 23, 1949 (F).
Male hypopygium(Fig. 64) with the tergite,9t, very large, pale, scooplike, profoundly divided into two halves by a deep notch, the inflexed margin of each half with two
lobes or denticles. Both dististyles,d, of approximatelythe same size, the outer pale, its
surface with delicate setulae; inner style a darker rod, its apex obliquely obtuse, the surface with scattered microscopicpunctures. Phallosome, p, conspicuous, consisting of two
elongate narrow ribbonlikeblades that jut far beyond the other elements, gradually narrowed into needlelike points; in addition, a heavy blackened central mass, consisting ofa ribbed centralplate that is forked at tip, on its lower margin with a very high similarly
ribbed crest or flange, in slide mounts directed laterad, as figured,the margin erose or
irregularlytoothed; two furtherdarkened rods near base of phallosome, the upper one

61~~~~~~~~~~A

63

04

62

(~~~~~~~9t~

~

~ ~

9

67
91

64

Figs. 61-67.-61. Ormosia(Ormosia) furibunda
sp. nov.,venation.62-67.Male hypopygia:62. Ormosia(Ormosia) furibunda
sp. nov. 63. 0. (Ormosia) davisisp. nov. 64.
0. (Ormosia) hispa Alexander.65. 0. (Ormosia) gerronis
sp. nov. 66. 0. (Ormosia)
Alexander (See fig. 1 forexplananonacantha
sp. nov. 67. 0. (Ormosia) perspectabilis
tionof symbols).

80

THE AMERICAN MIDLAND

NATURALIST

51 (1)

ribbedor roughened.
withtheblackenedspinouslobe microscopicallylarger.Gonapophysis
AlexOrmosia(Ormosia) manacata(Doane, 1900) (deviata Dietz, 1916; fuscopyga
ander,1924).-Coast: High Heaven, July12, 1949 (F); TahkenitchLake, August5,
1940 (Townes). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, April 23, June20, July3-18,
1946, May 15, 1947, July2, 1948,June6, July7, 1949; Sta. 3, May 7, June19, July
17, September10-12, 1945, September13, 1946, July8, 1947, July2, 1949; Sta. 3A,
July14, 1948 (F). McMinnville,May 30, 1948, July2, 1949; Muddy Valley, McMinnville,May 9, 1945; PantherCreek,McMinnville,July25, 1948 (F). SilverCreek
River,Dayton,April 24, 1949 (F). Cascades:
Falls, August2, 1948 (F); Willarmette
MountHood-ClackamasLake, 3,300 ft.,August8, 1946 (A & F); RobinHood Forest
Camp, 3,560 ft.,August8, 1946, July17, 1947 (A & F). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,
3,900 ft.,June 24, September19, October 17, 1948, June 15, 1949 (Baker); Upper
Walla Walla River,nearMilton,1,275 ft.,July4, August18, 1948 (A).
Alexander,1919).-Coast: High
Ormosia(Ormosia) modica(Dietz, 1916) (stylifer
Heaven, June22, 1945 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, May 2, June4, July
1, 1946,May 15-22,1947, May 22, June2, 1948; Sta. 2, May 26, 1947; Sta. 3A, May
23-29, June30, 1947, June 15-30, 1948, June27, 1949 (F). ForestGrove,June 3
HendersonsBridge,May 22, 1949 (F); McMinnville,skunk(Cole), typeof stylifer;May 16, 1945, May 26-29, 1948, July2, 1949 (F); Muddy Valley,cabbageassociation,
McMinnville,May 9, 1945 (F); WillametteRiver,southof Dayton,June4, 1948 (F);Zena, June5, 1948 (F).
pale reddishbrown;
Ormosia (Ormosia) nonacantha sp. nov.-Generalcoloration
tinge;cell M, open by atrophy
antennae(male) elongate;wingswitha weak brownish
withtwostrongblack spineson mesal face ofof basal sectionof M,; male hypopygium
of fivelong blackenedrods or spines,includingtwo pairsbasistyle;phallosomeconsistingof apophysesand thecentralaedeagus.
3 mm.
8. Length,about4.5 mm.;wing,4.5 mm.; antenna,-about
black. Antennae(male) dark brownor brownish
Rostrumand palpi brownish
black,
withthe body or wing; flagellarsegmentsfusiform,
two-thirds
elongate,approxiniately
gray.
whitesetae. Head brownish
unusuallylong outspreading
Thoracicdorsumalmostuniformly
pale reddishbrown,the cephalicportionof praemoredarkened;pleuracleareryellow.Halteres
scutumveryvaguelypruinoseand slightly
pale yelyellow. Legs withcoxae and trochanters
the base of stemnarrowly
infuscated,of legs broken.Wings witha weak brownishtinge,the prearcularand
low; remainder
costalfields,withthe stigma,a triflemoredarkened;veinsbrownishyellow. Venation:
R2 subequalin lengthto R2?3; cell M2 open,by atrophyof basal sectionof M3; m-cu
the distal
its lengthbeforethe forkof M; Anal veinsslightlyconvergent,
aboutone-fifth
thirdof 2nd A sinuous.
(Fig. 66) withmediumbrown.Male hypopygium
Abdomen,includinghypopygium,the laterallobe
the caudal marginof tergite,
9t, witha broadand shallowemargination,
thusformedunusuallynarrow.Basistyle,b, on mesal face withtwo strongblack spines,of fivethe morecaudal one stouterand slightlymorecurved. Phallosome,p, consisting
as beingthe aedeagus;thelong blackened rods or spines,the longestbeinginterpreted
fourspinesare paired (a singlepair shownin figute),the ventralspinelonger,remaining
all acuteat tips.
moreslenderand slightly
curved,theupperspinesstraight,
Holotype,8, HumbugMountainState Park,August11, 1948 (K. M. Fender).
Amongthe variousspeciesof Ormosiahavinga pair of spineson each basistyleof
Ormosia(Ormosia)
the presentflyis closestto the moresouthern
the male hypopygium,in
conspicuously
Alex.anderand 0. (O.) heptacanthaAlexander,differingburneyensirof thephallosome.
thestructure
Ormosia(Ormosia) onerosaAlexander,1943.-Cascades: Mount Hood-Hood River
Meadows,4,480 ft.,July31, 1948 (A); NorthForkof Iron Creek,July31, 1948 (F);
Sahale Falls, 4,575 ft.,July31, 1948 (A); Tilly JaneCreek,5,700 ft.,July30, 1948
(A & F). Dutchman'sFlat, 6,300 ft.,August5, 1948 (F); Elk Lake, 4,900 ft.,August
6, 1948 (A). CraterLake-PoleCreekMeadows,5,900 ft.,August7, 1948 (A).
Alexander,1944.-Coast: Saddle Mt. (Boyer),
Ormosia (Ormosia) perspectabilis
September29, October13, 1934, October6, 1935, September20, 1936 (Macnab andassociates);types.
narrowedintothe
Male hypopygium
9t, broad-based,(Fig. 67) withthe ninthtergite,
lobes withconspicuous
apical lobe whichis deeplynotchedby a roundedemargination;setae and fimbriations,the outerends of lobes paler and moremembranous.Basistyle
rod thatis extended
withthelateralapophyseson mesalface,b, appearingas a sclerotized1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

81

into two unequal black spines, the small more cephalic one closely appressed to the
mnajorspine. Remainder of phallosome, p, a depressed-flattenedplate that t?rminiatesin
an acute point, on lateral margin of the plate with a small blackened lobe. Outer dististyle, d, small, its outer apical portion blackened and provided with microscopic,appressed
points, the apex below this pale and membranousto present a notched appearance. Innerdististyle much larger, terminatingin a conspicuous black outer spine and a slightly
shorterpale fingerlikelobe that bears a few microscopicpunctures.
pleuracantha sp. nov.-Size relatively large (wing, male,
Ormosia (Ormosia)
over 5.5 mm.); general coloration dark plumbeous gray; antennae (male) relatively
elonigate;wings with a brownishtinge, the stigma darker brown; cell M 9 open by atrophyof basal sectionof M,; vein 2nd A sinuous on more than the outer third; male hypopygiuumwith the tergiteonly shallowly emarginate;mesal portion of basistyle with a blackened
bispinous plate; outer dististyleblack, bispinous; gonapophyses appearing as small yellow
blades that narrow to the acute tips.
S. Length, about 4.6-5 mm.; wing, 5.6-6 mm.; antenna, about 2.3-2.5 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antcnnae (male) relatively long, approximately one-halfthe length of body, black throughout;flagellar segmentselongate, more narrowed at theends, especially the outer end; iongest verticilsof the intermcdiatesegments a little lessthan twice the segments. Head dark gray.
General coloration of thorax dark plumbeous gray, the prae.cutal stripes very poorly
indicated; pretergitesobscure yellow; pseudosutural foveae blackened. Halteres yellow,
the knobs weakly more darkened. Legs with the coxae testaceous yellow; trochantersyellow; remainder of legs obscure yellow, the tips of the femora and tibiae a little moredarkened; tarsi brown. Wings (Fig. 68) with a brownishtinge, the stigma darker brown,
preceded and followed by somewhat paler areas; costal border, except before the stigma,
infuscated; prearcular field more yellowed; veins stout, brown, yellowed in the prearculararea, Venation: R2 a little longer than R.,+3; cell Mg open by atrophy of basal sectionof Ml ,; vein 2nd A sinuous on more than the outer third;
Abdomen, including the hypopygium,black. Male hypopygium (Fig. 69) with thetergite, 9t, extensive, the caudal border only feebly emarginate, with low pale laterallobes that are densely provided with delicate silken setae, with strongeryellow bristles
mnorebasad, the latter decussate at the midline. Basistyle, b, with the mesal face bearing
a blackened bispinous plate, the outer spine about one-half longer and somewhat stouter
than the cephalic one. Outer dististyle,d, a heavily blackened bispinous plate. Innerdististylelarger, pale yellow, the membrane without sensory pores, such as are found inmany species of the similis group. Gonapophysis, g, appearing as small narrow yellow
blades that narrow to the acute tips; aedeagus even smaller, narrowed to the apex.
Holotype, 8, Peavine Ridge, Station 1, June 20, 1946 (K. M. Fender). Paratopotypes, 8 d;, June 20-26, 1946, June 24, July 3, 1947 (Fender); paratype, 5 , State Line
Creek, southernOregon on California border, August 9, 1948 (C. P. Alexander).
This fly is entirelydistinctfrom the other described species, differingespecially in the
structureof the male hypopygium,particularlythe tergite,basistyle, and the dististyles.
Superficiallyit most resembles species such as Ormosia (Ormosia) lanuginosa (Doane).
Pacific City, May 23, 1948
Ormosia (Ormosia) profunda Alexander, 1943.-Coast:(F).
Male hypopygium (Fig. 70) with the tergal lobe, 9t, profoundly bilobed by a relatively narrow median-split, the entire surface of the lobe with long scattered setae fromconspicuous punctures. Basistyle, b, produced slightly beyond level of point of insertionof the dististylesas a short slender lobe. Outer dististyle,d, pale, its surface with delicate
setulae, unequally bilobed by a deep marginal notch, the longer blade narrowed to thetip. Inner dististyledark-colored,irregular in outline, the outer half more expanded, atnear midlengthwith a small darkened point or tooth; outer margin roughened by numerous wartlike tubercles. Gonapophyses appearing as curved black hooks, as in the manicata group. Phallosome, p, yellow horn color, consisting of two equal narrow blades,
acute at tips, and a shorter flattened central lobe, the apex of which is microscopicallyfimbriateor roughened.
Mount Hood-HorsethiefOrmosia (Ormosia) proxima Alexander, 1924.-Cascades:
Meadows, 3,400 ft., July 18, 1947 (A 1& F); Sahale Falls, 4,575 ft., July 17, 1947,
July 31, 1948 (A & F). Wallowas: Wallowa Creek, 4,635 ft., June 27-28, 1948 (A).
Male hypopygium (Fig. 71) with the tergal lobe, 9t, widened outwardly, the apex
bilobed. Outer dististylea darkened blade, expanded outwardly,the margin usually fourtoothed, in cases merely three-toothed.Inner dististyle,d, larger, the outer apical angle

82

51 (1)THE AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST

producedintoa sharppointor spine,the loweranglependant,bilobedat tip. GonapophyCis, g, unequallybispinous,the innerspine much longerand stronger,
gentlycurved.
Aedeagus,a, verylong and slender.
The most similardescribedspeciesis Ormosia (Ormosia) fragmentata
Alexander,
1940,of northern
Korea.
Ormosia (Ormosia) pugetensis
Alexander,1944.-WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta.
3, September13, 1946 (F). Cascades: Mount Hood-Still Creek,3,600 ft., July 17,
i947, July31, 1948 (A).
Ormosia(Ormosia) subcornuta
Alexander,1920.-Coast: Grand Ronde,March 31,
1949 (F); Wallace Bridge,March 31, 1949 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 2,
March 21, 1947 (F). ForestGrove,March 20-26, 1919 (Cole), typematerial;Hillsboro,April 1, 1919 (Cole), type. Cascades: Westfir,1,000 ft.,August5, 1946 (A).
Male hypopygium(Fig. 74) withthe outerdististyle,d, a strongly
bispinousplate,the extremesof armaturein variousspecimensbeing shown,in the more accentuatedcases withthe discal spine long and slender,in othercases so reducedas to be barely
visible. Innerdististyle
withthe spine lyingfar distad,only a littlemorethan its own
lengthbeforethe tip. Phallosome,p, complex,about as figured(only threeelementsof thewholestructure).
shown,or one-half
The presentflyis wide-spreadover the Vancouveranregion. The RockyMountain
Ormosia(Ormosia) sentisAlexander,1943, presumably
represents
a geographicrace ofthisspecies.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~d

b

9

7'70

72

-9t

74

sp. nov., venation.69-74. MaleFigs. 68-74.--68. Ormosia(Ormosia) pleuracantha
hypopygia:69. Ormosia (Ormosia) pleuracantha sp. nov. 70. 0. (Ormosia) profunda
Alexander.71. 0. (Ormosia) proxima Alexander.72. 0. (Ormosia) upsilon Alexander.
73. 0. (Ormosia)

unicornissp. nov. 74. 0. (Ormosia) subcornuta Alexander (See fig.

1 forexplanationof symbols).

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEA83

OF OREGON

Ormosia (Ormosia) unicornis sp. nov.-Belongs to the similis group,allied todavisi; thoraxalmostuniformly
dark brown,the humeraland lateral portionsof thepraescutum
morereddened;wingswith a brownishtinge,the stigmadarker;cell M.
openby atrophyof basal sectionof Mj; male hypopygium
withthe outerdististylebifid,
its outerarm a strongcurvedblack horn,the innerarm a long sinuousblackenedrod
thatbearsa stronglateralspikeat nearmidlength.
S. Length,about4 mm.;wing,4.6 mm.
Head broken.Thoraxalmostuniformly
darkbrown,the humeraland lateralportionsof the praescutum
morereddened.Halteresyellow.Legs withtheforeand middlecoxae
dark brown,the posteriorpair obscureyellow; trochanters
yellow; remainderof legs
broken.Wings witha brownish
tinge,the stigmadarkerbrown;prearcularfieldslightly
more yellowed;veins brown,more brightenedin the prearcularfield. Venation: Sc1
cndingoppositeor just beyondR9, Sc9 about oppositetwo-fifths
the lengthof Rs; cell
M2 open by the atrophyof the basal sectionof M.,; m-cusinuous,at the forkof M;
vein2nd A sinuouson outerthird,theveinsweaklyconvergent.
Abdominaltergites
and hypopygium
darkbrown;basal stemitesmoreyellowed.Malehypopygium(Fig. 73) withthe tergite,
9t, producedinto a narrowspatula,the apex ofwhichis slightly
emarginate
and withmorethanthe outerhalfdenselysetuliferous.
Outer
dististyle,d, bifid,the outer-arma strongcurvedblackenedhorn;innerarm a long,very
strongly
sinuousblackenedrod, verygraduallynarrowedto the terminalspine,on theface at nearmidlength
beatinga further
strongspike. Innerdististylea longnarrowarm,on outermarginat near two-thirds
withan erectblack spine; apical thirda
the letngth
flattenedpaddlelikeblade. providedwith numeroussmall setiterousnunctures. Gona-a1675~~~~~~~~~-

C,~ ~

-

Figs. 75-77.-Male hypopygia:75. Tasiocera (Dasymnoloph:lus)miserandaAlexander. 76. 7'. (Dasymolophilus)squiresiAl^xander. 77. T. (Ddsymolophilus)subnuda
Alexander(See fig.1 forexplanationof symbols)

84

THE AMERICAN MIDLAND

NATURALIST

51 (1)

pophysis,g, unequallybispinous,the irnerspine long and slender,gentlycurved,theouterspineless thanone-halfas long,straight.
Holotype,8, Westfir,
oniMiddle Forkof the WillametteRiver,1,000 ft.,August5,
1946 (C. P. Alexander);typeassociatedwithOrmosiasubcornuta
Alexander.
The closestally of this flyis Ormosia (Ormosia) davisi sp. nov., whichdiffersin
A furtherrelatively
slightcharactersof the male hypopygium.
ally is 0. (O.) tricornis
Alexander,of the coastalredwoodbelt of northern
California,whichsimilarlydiffersin
hypopygial
characters.
Ormosia (Ormosia) upsilonAlexander,1946.-Coast: Gales Creek,Wilson River,
September5, 1948 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine: Sta. 3, September
24, October11,
1945 (F); types.
Male hypopygium(Fig. 72) withthe tergite,9t, conspicuously
to form
emarginate
two apical lobes,theirapices withabundantroughenedsetae. Outer dististyle,d, a flattened scooplikeblade, its outer surfacewith microscopicroughenings.Inner dististylelarger,broadestat midlength,
wherethe innermarginis producedinto a reflexed
blackened spine,the apex of the stylebeyondthis pointstrongly
narrowed.Phallosome,p,of a largelyriform
centralplate,each lateralaim bispinous;lateralgonapophyconsisting
ses consistingof slenderblackenedhooks.
Tasiocera(Dasymolophilus)miseranda
Alexander,1950.-Coast: High Heaven,May
4, 1947 (F); SourgrassCreek,GunaldoFalls, May 17, 1948; Tierradel Mar, May 13,
1949 (F); typematerial.Male hypopygium(Fig. 75); the allied moresouthernTasiocera (Dasymolophilus)subnuda(Alexander) is shownforcomparison(Fig. 77).
Tasiocera (Dasymolophilus)squiresiAlexander,1948.-WillametteValley: Peavine,
Sta. 1, April 15, 1946 (F), types;May 1, 1947; Sta. 2, May 26, 1948, May 17, 1949;
Sta. 3, May 16, 1946, April 30, May 3-14, 1947, May 11-25,1948; Sta. 3A, May 1522, 1946, May 12.19, 1947 (F). Male hypopygium(Fig. 76).
Molophilus(Molophilus) colonusBergroth,1888 (comatusDoane, 1900).-Coast:
Saddle Mt. (Boyer), April 27, 1935 (Macnab). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 3A,
October3, 1945, September9, 1948 (F). McMinnville,May 30, 1949 (F); Silver
CrcekFalls, May 9, 1948 (F). SouthernOregon: Malone SpringForestCamp, August
8, 1948 (A). Cascades: Mount Hood-Hood River,October1 (Cole). Tumalo Crieek,
Bend, 3,610 ft., August 15, 1948 (A); MetoliusRiver,August 3, 1948 (A & F).
CraterLake-PoleCreek Meadows, 5,900 ft.,August7, 1948 (A). Wallowas: Enterprise,4,200 ft.,June19, 1948 (A).
Molophilus(Molophilus) falcatusBergroth,1888.-WillametteValley: SilverCreek
Falls, July8, 1949 (F). Cascades: Mount Hood-Hood RiverMeadows,4,4801ft.,July17, 1947, August8, 1948 (A 6&F); North Fork of Iron Creek,July30, 1948 (F);
Still Creek,3,600 ft.,July17, 1947 (A & F); Streambelowtimberline,
5,000 ft.,July
16, 1947 (A). MetoliusRiver,2,600 ft.,June14, 1945 (F); NorthSantiam,May 30,
1949 (F). Wallowas: Wallowa Creek,4,675 ft.,June29, 1948 (A).
Molophilus (Molophilus) harrisoniAlexander, 1945.-Eastern Oregon: Malheur
National Forest,Seneca,June12, 1947 (F). Blue Mts.: Lime,BurntRiver,2,400 ft.,
June24, 1948 (A); Pendleton,Umatilla River, 1,070 ft.,July5, 1948 (A); Rieth,
Umatill6River,July5, 1948 (A); Upper Walla Walla River,above Milton,1,275 ft.,
July4, 1948 (A); Whitney,June 19, 1949 (Baker). Wallowas: JohnsonPark, Wallowa River,2,750 ft.,August18, 1948 (A).
Molophilus (Molophilus) kulshanicusAlexander,1949.-Cascades: Mount HoodHood RiverMeadows,4,480 ft.,July17, 1947 (A), part of typematerial;Tilly Jane
Creek,5,700 ft.,July30, 1948 (A).
Molophilus (Molophilus) neofalcatus nom. nov. forsuffalcatus
Alexander,Can.
Ent., 78: 159; 1946; nec subfalcatusAlexander,Rev. de Entomologia,11: 906-907;
1940).
Coast: High Heaven, May 4, 1947 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine, no station,May 3-16, 1945, sweptfromswordfern(F), types;Sta. 2, April26, 1947; Sta. 3,
April 13, 1949; Sta. 3A, April 17, May 21, 1946, April 25, May 5-19, 1947, April 27,
June2, 1948, May 6, 1949 (F). Happy Valley, McMinnville,April 14, 1946 (F).
Cascades: Mount Hood-Sahale Falls, 4,575 ft.,July17, 1947 (A); Still Creek,3,600
ft., July 17, 1947 (F). Metolius River,June 14, 1945 (F), part of type material.
Molophilus (Molophilus) nitidulusAlexander, 1944.-Eastern Oregon: Ochoco
Mountains,June14, 1947 (Albiight). Wallowas: JohnsonPark,Wallowa River,2,750
ft.,July2, 1948 (A).
Molophilus(Molophilus) nitidusCoquillett,1905.-Coast: High Heaven, June22,

1954

ALEXANDER:

TIPULOIDEAOF OREGON

85

1945, May 4, 1947 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, May 11-24,June4-20,
1946, May 22-23, 1947; Sta. 2, June18, 1946; Sta. 3, May 15-21,June19, 1945, May
16-29, 1946, May 3-30, 1947, June4-16, 1948; Sta. 3A, May 23, 1947 (F). Forest
Grove,May 4 (Burrill); Happy Valley, McMinnville,May 12, 1946 (F). Cascades:
Mount Hood-Hood River,June2 (Cole auct.); North Fork of Iron Creek,July30,
1948 (F).
Molophilus (Molophilus) oregonicolus
Alexander,1946.-WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 2, April 16-26, 1947 (F), abundant;Sta. 3, June2, 1945, type;Sta. 3A,
May 12, 1947 (F). Superficially,
Tasiocera (Dasymolophilus)squiresi
muchresembling
Alexander.
Molophilus (Molophilus) paulus Bergroth,1888.-Coast: Saddle Mountain State
Park,July24, 1949 (F). Cascades: Mount Hood-Horsethief
Meadows,July18, 1947
(F); Lost Prairie,August3, 1948 (A).
Molophilus(Molophilus) perfiaveolus
Alexander,1918 (auricomusAlexander,1926).
-Coast: Castle Rock,June6, 1949 (F); Coquille River,Sitkum,August2, 1948 (H.
W. Thorne); GunaldoFalls, July14, 1949 (F); High Heaven, May 4, 1947, July12,
1949 (F); HumbugMountainState Park,August11, 1948 (F); Saddle MountainState
Park,July24, 1949 (F); Three Rivers,May 17, 1948 (F); Tierra del Mar, June30,
1949 (F); WillametteValley: PeavineSta. 1, May 26, June1, 1945, April30, July18,
1946,May 22, July3, 1947; Sta. 3A, June19, July5, 1946, May 29, June12-17,July7, 1947 (F). Happy Valley,McMinnville,May 12, 1946 (F); HendersonBridge,June
16, 1948 (F); SilverCreekFalls, August2, 1948, July8, 1949 (F); WillametteRiver,southof Dayton,June4, 1948 (F). SouthernOregon: State Line Creek,Augua 9,1948 (A & F). Cascades: Mount Hood-BearCreek,July16, 1947, August 1, 1948
(A &i F); BeaverCreek,July16, 1947 (F); Polally ForestCamp, August9, 1946 (A& F); Sahale Falls, July 17, 1947, July31, 1948 (F); Still Creek,July 16, 1947
(A (& F). Big Meadows,NorthSantiam,August3, 1948 (A & F); Dbll Creek,July
14, 1947 (A); Hazel Creek,Dexter,July 15, 1947 (A); MetoliusRiver,2,600 ft.,
August3, 1948 (A); North Santiam,May 30, 1949 (P); Salt CreekFalls, July14,
1947, August7, 1948 (A f& F); Tumalo Creek,Bend, August 15, 1948 (A). Blue
Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900 ft.,June24-26, 1948 (A), June 15, 1949 (Baker); Little
PhillipsCreek,2,850 ft.,July3, 1948 (A); North PowderRiver,3,800 ft.,June27,
1948 (A); South Fork of Upper Walla Walla River, 1,450 ft.,July4, 1948 (A);
Whitney,June19, 1949 (Baker). I now considerMolophilusauricomusAlexander,ofthe southeastern
withthe presentfly. This typeof
United States,as beingsynonymous
discontinuityof distribution
is foundin otheranimals,such as the roach,Cryptocercus
punctulatus
Scudder.
Molophilus(Molophilus) rainierensis
Alexander,1943.-WillametteValley: Peavine,
no station,September
24, October10, 1945; Sta. 3A, August20, September17, October
12, 1946, September9, 1948 (F). SilverCreekFalls, 800 ft.,August2, 1948 (A &F). Cascades: MountHood-BearSprings,3,200 ft.,August8, 1946 (A); Hood River
Meadows,4,500 ft.,July17, 1947 (A I& F). Big Meadows,NorthSantiam,August3,
1948 (A & F); MetoliusRiver,2,600 ft.,August3, 1948 (A & F). CraterLake-Pole
CreekMeadows,5,900 ft.,August3, 1946, August7, 1948 (A).
Molophilus(Molophilus) rostriferus
Alexander,1943.-SouthernOregon: AshlancL
Lake of the Woods, June10, 1945 (F). EasternOregon: Bly, 4,355 ft.,June13, 1945
(F); FremontNational Forest,June12, 1945 (F); MalheurNational Forest,June12,1945 (F). Blue Mts.: AnthonyLakes, 7,000 ft.,June12, 1939 (Lane & Lanchester);
MottetRangerStation,June29, 1939 (Lanchester);LangdonLake, 4,970 ft.,July3-4,
1948 (A), June8, 1949 (Baker & Lane); exceedingly
abundanton marshvegetationnear lake margin.
Molophilus (Molophilus) sackenianusAlexander, 1926 (distilobatusAlexander,
1945>.-Coast: Boyer,May 9, 1949 (F); GunaldoFalls, May 17, 1948, May 13, 1949
(F); High Heaven, May 4, 1947, July12, 1949 (F); Saddle MountainState Park,
July24, 1949 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,no station,September10, 1946; Sta.
1, May 27, 1947; Sta. 2, April 26, 1947; Sta. 3, May 14, 1947; Sta. 3A, June 19,
1946, June2, August30, 1948 (F); Dayton,April 20, 1947 (F); Silver-CreekFalls,
May 9, August2, 1948 (A & F), July8, 1949 (F); WillametteRiver,near Dayton,
April24, 1949 (F). Cascades: MountHood-HorsetailFalls, August9, 1946 (A 1&F).
Indian Ford,3,240 ft.,August5, 1948 (F); House Rock ForestCamp,August3, 1948
(A).

86

THE

AMERICAN MIDLAND

NATURALIST

51 (1)

Molophilus (Molophilus) spiculatusAlexander,1918.-Coast: Coquille River,Sitkum,August4, 1948 (H. W. Thorne); Humbug MountainState Park, August 11,
1948 (F). WillametteValley: Peavine,Sta. 1, April23, May 2, June20, 1946; Sta. 2,
June 15-27, 1946; Sta. 3, May 24, 1947; Sta. 3A, June 19, July5, 1946 (F). McMay 13, 1945 (F); Muddy Valley, McMinnMinnville,in skunkcabbageassociation,
Meadows,3,400 ft.,Julyville,May 22, 1945 (F). Cascades: Mount Hood-Horsethief
18, 1947 (F); Still Creek,3,600 ft.,July17, 1947 (A & F). MetoliusRiver,August
3, 1948 (A); Salt Creek Falls, 3,800 ft., August 7, 1948 (A & F); Tombstone
Meadows,SouthSantiam,August17, 1947 (Albright). Blue Mts.: SpringCreek,3,900
ft.,June24-26, 1948 (A & Baker). Wallowas: AneroidLake Trail, 7,000 ft.,July26,
1949 (Baker); HurricaneCreek,5,460 ft.,July11, 1949 (Sperry); Lostine,3,375 ft.,July2, 1948 (A); Wallowa Creek,4,410 ft.,June28, 1948 (A).