S t t r d i aE n t . , v o l . 1 9 , f a s c . l - 4 , d e z e n t b r od e 1 9 7 6

3r5

New or InsufficientlyKnown African Crane Flies. V.
(Diptera: Tipulidae)

C h a r l e s P . A l e x a l l cel r
Departritentof Entontology,
Enreritus,University of Massachusetts,
Amherst. Massacltttsetts(With 49 figures)

Dedication to Father Borgmeier
The entomologicalworld was saddenedf rom the death of Fatlter
T h o n r a zB o r g m e i e ro n M a y l l , 1 9 7 5 .I h a d l < n o w nh i n r f o r n l a n y y c a r s
and was privileged to have becn able to publish ttttmerouspapers on
the family Tipulidae in the Revista de Entontologia ( 1931-1951) and
its successor,Studia Entomologico,of both of which he had beelt
the founder and editor over the nrany years. Additional to thescaccomplishments,Father Thonraz is rcco.qnizedas having been an
outstanding insect taxononristand f urther was one of the very few
such studentswho had gaincd recognitionas being a leading atrthority
in two major orders of insects,the Diptera and the Hyntenoptcra.
M r s . A l e x a n c l e ra n c l I l r a d t h e g r c a t p l e a s u r e a n d p r i v i l e t e o f
h a v i n g h a d F a t h e r T h o m a z a s o u r g u e s t i n A n r h e r s td t r r i n g m i d - A p r i l1945 and we never have forgotten him and his nrany fine attributes.
I am deeply indebtedto Father Kenrpf for the opportunity to dedicatc
the present paper to the rnenrorvof Father Borgntc'ierin thc preslnt
m e m o r i a lv o l u m eo f S t u d i o .
Charles Paul Alexander

The precedingpart IV of this series of papcrs was
publishedin Studia Entomologica,volunte18, Novembert 9 7 5 .
of theIn the presentpaper I am continuingthe discussion
many speciesof crane flies that were collectedin Nigeria by
JohnThomasMedlerand Mrs. JaneAnn Medler.The importanceof theserich materialswas indicatedin Part III and in Part IVof the present series of papers and these accountsmay beconsultedby other workerson African crane f lies. The Medlers
returnedto the United Statesin August 1975,thus concluding
their many years of collectingand study of the insect f aunaof Nigeria. I wish to expressmy deep appreciationfor theextensiveseries of Tipulidae that they secrlredand for theprivilegeof retaining the numeroustypes of the new species
that they found.

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Alexander,A f r i c a nC r a n e F l i e s .V .

Tipulinae
l. Nephrotoma(Nephrotoma)kernpli sp. n.
Size relatively large, wing of ntale about 18.5 mffi; thorax blackenctl.
patternedwith yellow on tlre postnotum,mediotergiteand pteroplcuritc;
wings strongly darkened, cell M' petiolate; abdomen black, only tlrt,
ottter dististylesand internal organs of the hypopygiunryellowed; nrAlt'
Itypopygiumwith the small tergite polished black, the posterior l'rorrlera v e r y s h a l l o w s a u c e r ,o n e i t h e r s i d e o f m i d l i n e w i t h a l o w s p i n u l o s cttrbercle; outer dististyle long and slender; inner dististylc witlr outcr
hasal lobe a powerful black spine; eighth sternite with a sm:rll slenrlt,rvellow nteclianlobe, posterior border with long incun'r.d hlack sctac.

M a I e. Length,about 15 mm; wing t 8.5 nlm; antennaabout
5.5 mm. Frontal prolongationof head yellowed, darkenecl
anteriorly; palpi with basal segment obscure yellow, second
and third black. terminalsegmentdarkened,basal half palcr.
Antennaewith scape brownishyellow, pedicelbrow, f lagellunr
lllack; flagellar segmentswith a small basal enlargement;
longestverticilsslightly less than the segment.Head yellowecl,
patternedwith brown.
Thorax polished black, with yellowed areas on antcrior
Italf of postnotalmediotergite,pteropleurite,and the antc.rior
dorsopleural
membrane.
Halteresdarkened.Legs with coxaeancl
trochantersblack; femora black, the basesof one pair narrorvly
moreyellowed(all legs detached); clawsat near nridlengthu,itlra long spur. Wings stronglydarkened,cell Sc and the stignra
still darker brown; veins dark brown. Stigma with posterior
portion with about 8 or I small trichia; outer end of cell R;
with about 20 smallertrichia.Venation: Cell M I petiolate,thc
petioleaboutone-haltm or slightlymore.
Abdomenblack, only the dististylesand outer parts of thephallosomeobscure yellow. Male hypopygium ( Fig. l ) n'itlrtergite,t, polishedblack, small, about one-thirdthe lcngth of
the Stlt sternite; transverse,posterior border a very shallou,
saucer,on either side of rnidlinewith a low tubercleprovidecl
with microscopicrougheningsor spinules.Outer dististyle,od,
long and very slender,surface with small inconspicuous
setae,
ortter fourth very narrow; inner style, id, with beak slender,
pale, tower beak very deep, blackened; dorsal crest withposteriorend higher, outer basal lobe a powerful black spinc(subfigure). Phallosome,p, about as shown; apophysesvery

Studia Ent., r'ol. 19, fasc. 1-4, dezernbrode 1976

317

small,extended
into hairlikepoints.Eighthsternite,s, broadestol1 basal half, narrowedoutwardly;border convexlyrounded,flt
tttidlinewith a smallslenderyellowlobe;setaeof centralpostcrior
border long and conspicuor.rs,
black, curved strongly mesaclto
rtteetor crossat midline.
Habitat: Nigeria.Holotype,d , on slide, Obudn, Cattlc
Ranch,SoutheasternState,August19, 1973 (Medler).
I wislr to dedicate this fly to thc menrory of Walter Kcrrrpf who
capably edited Studia Entomologica following the death of Thonraz
Borgmeier.
The present fly is tttost similar in general appearanceto spccics
suclr as Nephrotonn (Nephrotoma) albonigra Alexancler, N. (N.)
nrcbukuensisAlexander, N. (N.) ruwenzoriana Alexander, and N. (N.)
triquetra Alexander, all from Uganda. These species differ chicfly inhypopygial structure, especially the tergite, eighth sternite and inncr
dististyle.The hypopygiaof the variouslisted specieshave been illustrated
i n a p a p c r b y t h e w h i t e r d i s c u s s i n gt h e A f r i c a n s p e c i c s ( R u w c n z o r i
E x p e d i t i o nB
, r i t i s h M u s e u m ,1 9 5 6 ,p . 1 3 5 - 1 6 5f,i g s . l - 3 1 ) .
The enlargementof the genus Nephrotoma to include the fornrer
gcnus ScumboneureOsten Sacken of the Oriental-Australasianrcgions
w a s i n a n e a r l i e r p a p e r ( S t u d i a E n t o m o l o g i c a1
, 4: 271; l97l). In thisit was indicatedthat the venation and hypopygial structuresin thc two
grottps are so sintilar that it was advisableto place thcrn as subgcncra
in tlre oldcr genus Nephrotonta,as is done here.

2. Nephrotoma(Nephrotoma)flavofimbriasp. n.
General coloration of head and pronotunr orange, nrcsonotunryellow
rvith a polishcd black pattern including three praescutal stripes; lcgs
rvith coxae and trochantersorange, fenrora yellowed basally, tips black,nlore extensiveon the fore pair; wings light brown, cell Sc and stignra
darker; basal abdonrinal segnrents yellow, patterned wittr broln,
segntentssix to eight uniformly blackened,hypopygiunr ycllow; nrale
Itypopygiunrwith apical tlrird of the eighth sternitc abruptly ycllow,
including a dense fringe of long incurved setae.

M a I e. Length, about | 0.5-I I nlnt; wing 12.5-l3 mnl;
antennaabout 5.3-5.5 nrm. Frontal prolongationof head ancl
nastlsorange,tlte latter tipped with long black setae.Antennac
witlt scape and pedicel orange, flagellum black; flagellar
scgmentsrnoderatelyincised,the base and outer cnlargernent
strbeqtral
in diattteter,
longestverticilsaboutonc-halfthc segnrcnt,
sltorter on the more proxinral ones. Head orangc; occipitalbrand poorly indicated,anterior end pointed.
Prothoraxorange.Mesonotal
praescutunr
withorange-yellow
thrce polishedblack stripes,the lateralpair 0utcurvedto thc

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Alexander,A f r i c a n C r a n e F l i e s .V .

margin; scutal lobes black, median region pale; scutellunr
yellowishbrown; postnotumlight yellow, posteriorborder ofmediotergite
pale brown, dorsal third of pleurotergite
black, theremainderlight yellow. Pleura with propleuraand mesopleuraorange,pteroplettrite
and meronyellow.Haltereswith stem lightbrown, knob darker brown. Legs with coxae and trochantersorange; fore femora black, basal third yellowed, remaining
femore yellow, tips rather narrowly blackened,more extensive
in one paratype;tibiaelight brown,tarsi darkerbrown to black;claw of male with an erect spine at near midlength.Wings
light brown, cell Sc and stigma slightly darker brown; veinsdark brown. Stigmal trichia varying from about six to twenty;
orrterend of cell Rs with f rom ten to twenty.Venation: Cell M I
in a single specintenvarying from short-petiolate
to narrowly
sessile.
Basal f ive abdominalsegmentswith tergitesyellow, on thefirst incltrdingvirtually the entire segnrent,two to five eaclr
with a nrajor area at posterior border, anterior end morenarrowed,not attainingthe lateralborder;subterminal
segments
blackened
to form a broad ring involvingsegments
six to eight;
eighth sternitewith outer third abruptlylight yellow, remainderof hypopygiurnsimilarlyyellowed.Male hypopygium( Fig. 2)
with posteriorborder of ninth tergite,t, with two broad lobes
separatedby a shallow U-shapedemargination,outer lateralangle of lobe produced,margins of lobes with small black
spinoid setae,about as shown. Outer dististyle,od, long andnarrow,especiallythe outer third, setaeshort and inconspicucxrs;
inner style, id, with lower margin of beak and much of lower
beak blackened;outer basal lobe without blackenedarnrature;clorsalcrestlow, gentlyelevatedbehind,posteriorend precipitousor pointed.Eighth sternite,s, distinctive;dark brown,the outertltird abrtrptlyyellow,includingabundantapicalsetaethat curvt:
mesadacrossthe midline;nredianemargination
with a conspicuous
lobe that bears nulnerollssnrallcryellow setae.Phallosoutc,p,aboutas shown.
Habitat: Nigeria. Holotype, d , Obudu, Cattle Ranch,SoutheasternState,August 17, 1973 (Medler). Paratopotypes,
2 6 6, Marcll 23, 197l; August7, 1973 (Medler).
J'lte nrost sirtrilarregionalspeciesincludeNcphrotonw (Ncphrotorrtu)
latispina Alexander,Kenya; N. (N.) freentani Alexander,Uganda; andN. (N.) subdentataAlexander,Uganda, Urundi, Zaire, as discussedin
the Ruwenzori Report, 1956, cited undc'r the preccding species.The

Studia Ent., vol. 19, fasc. l-4, dezembrode 1976319

presentfly is most readily separatedby hypopygialcharacters,inclttding
the distinctiveeighth sternite,as described.

3. Nephrotoma(Nephrotoma)idiocerasp. n.
Size small (wing of male about 8 nrnr); generolcolorationof head
and thorax orange,the praescutalstripes vaguely indicatcd,their ottter
ends slightly darker; legs with femora dark brown, tibiae and tarsi
brownish black, claws small, simple; wings brownish yellow, ctlstal
border darker brown, stigma and outer radial f ield sonrewltatpalcr
brown; antennaeof nrale distinctive,elongate,nearly as long as tltc
binodose;abdominalseglttents
wing, the flagellar segmentsconspicuously
yellow, banded with brown, including the posterior borders of boththe tergites and sternites, subterminal sternites darker, outer tu,osegmentsuniformly light yellow; male hypopygiunrwith tergite virtuallynornral, posterior arnrature reduced; outer dististyle long and narrow,inner style with dorsal crest high, rounded, outer basal lobe notdeveloped;eighth sternite large, posterior border with two very low
broad lobes provided with relatively sparse long yellow setae; ntedianentarginationsmall, narrow, with reducedvestiture.

M a I e. Length,abouth I I mm; wing 8 mm; antennaabout
7.5 mm. Frontal prolongationof head short and stout, without
nasus,yellow, pale brown; palpi very short, brown. Antennae(Fig. 12, ant.) with scapeobscureyellow, pedicellight brown,
flagellum black; stmcture of intermediatesegmentsdistinctive,
elongate,binodose,the basal enlargementshorter and slightly
more elevatedthan the outer swelling; scape and pedicel very
short; proximal flagellar segment long-cylindrical,with dense
erect pale setae and sparse longer strong erect black bristles;
succeedingsegmentswith erect pale setae,the basal enlargementwith four long black setae, these progressivelysmaller andweaker on the outer segments; outer segntents with theemarginationgradually lost and becoming simple; terminal
notsegmentshort. Head orange,vertical tubercleconspicuous,
emarginate;occipitalbrand large, nacreousbrown.
Prothorax orange.Mesonotalpraescutumorange with threc
vaguely indicatedstripes, the cephalicend of the median area
narrowly more blackened;lateral stripe with a paler brown area
at outer end, this attaining the margin; a further linear more
blackened dash on outer cephalic part of each scutal lobe;
scutum with lobes brownish orange, median area narrowly
yellow; scutellumbrownish orange; postnotal mediotergiteclear
light yellow, the pleurotergite more reddish orange. Pleura
more reddened.Haltereswith stem obscttre
yellow, sternopleurite

320

A l e x a n d e r , A f r i c a nC r a n eF l i e s .V .

yellow, remainderbroken.Legs with coxae and trochanters
yellowl femoradark brown,basesbroadlyyellowed;tibiae ancl
tarsi brownish black; claws snrall, simple. Wings ( Fig. 7)
brownishyellow,costalborder darker brown, includingcells C
and Sc, the slightly more extensiveouter rnarginof radial f ield
paler brown, includingthe stigma and all of cells Rr and Rzi
apical border and outer ends of both Anal cells paler brown.
Longitudinalveins beyondthe generallevel of the cord witlt
ntacrotrichia,
lacking on veins that cornprisecell /sf M2 tltat
are pale and inconspicuous;
stigmaltrichiasparse,two or threc
in number.Venation:Rs slightly longer than basal sectionof
R+*;i cellM1 with petioleaboutone-thirdm; nt-cusomedistancc
before fork of M; cell /sf M2 rectangular,nearly three tilttes
as long as broad.
Abdominalsegmentsyellow, bandedwith brown, including
the posteriorbordersof both tergitesand sternites,darker ancl
ntoreextensive
segrnentson the internrediateand outer sternites,cight and nine uniformlylight yellow.Male hypopygiunr( Fig.
3) with ninth tergite,t, virtuallynormalfor this genus;posteriorborder subtransverse,
the projectinglateral lobessmall, tnediannotch inconspicuous,
each lobe with two groups of unusuallysnlall spinoidsetae,arrangedabout as shown.Outer dististyle,d, long and narrow; inner style, id, small, dorsal crest higlt
and rounded,lower beak broad, shallowlybilobed,blackened;outer basal lobe undeveloped,with about five long setae.
g, outwardlydilatedinto a pale oval blade,nsar
Gonapophysis,base on outer margin with a slender erect spinc. Eighthsternite,s, large, only slightly nrodified; posteriorborder witlt
two veryDroaoroad loD
ve lowlow b
lobes that are provided with relativcly
sparselong yellow setae;medianemarginationsnlall, narr0w,
witlt reducedvestiture.
Habitat: Holotype, 6 , Zaire, Eala, Dccctttbcr1934 ( J.
CongoMuseunr.
Gltesquiere);
The presentfly is quite distinct frt-rtnothcr rcgioltalsltccicsirt tlrc,
clongateantennaeof the nrale,with the f lagellar segntentsdistinctive
as describedand f igured. By nry key to the regional Af rican spccicsof the genus (Ruwenzori Report, 1956, p. 136, 112) tlre fly runs to
Nephrotonru(Nephrotonru)cdwardsaria Alexandcr, of Uganda, whiclr
sirnilarly has very long antennaein thc ntalc lrut with tltcse tltritc
different in confornrationf ront those of the presentf ly, the individual
flagellar segments very long, straight and slender, with the basal
enlargenrents
small to scarcelyindicated.

Studia Ent., vol. 19, fasc. l-4, dezembrode 1976

321

4. Nephrotoma(Nephrotoma)mabelanasp. 11.
Size large (wing of male about 15 mm); head yellow; ffiesorotum
chiefly black, restrictedlypatternedwith yellow, pleura chiefly yellow;
wings infuscated,cell Sc and the stigma darker brown; no trichia in.r* T

Fig. 2.
Fig. 1. Nephrotomo (Nephrotoma) kempli sp. n.; male hypopygium.
Nephrotoma (Nephrotomo\ llavotimbrfa sp. n.; male hypopygium. - Fig. 3. Nephrotoma
Nephrotoma (Nephrotoma)(Nephrotoma) ldiocera sp. n.; male hypoplgium. 1Fig.4.
Fig. 5. Nephrotoma (Nephrotoma) mambila
mabelana sp. n.; male hypopygium.
Fig. 6. Nephrotoma (Nephrotoma) megacantha sp. n.;
sp. n.; male hypopygium.
(Symbols, Male hypopygium, b, basistyle; d, dististyle;male hypopygium.
g , g o n a p o p h y s i s ;i d , i n n e r d i s t i s t y l e ; o d , o u t e r d i s t i s t y l e ; p , p h a l l o s o m e ; s , 8 t hsternite; t, gth tergite).

322

Alexander,A f r i c a nC r a n e F l i e s .V .

cells; cell M' broadly sessile; abdonten with basal five scgtttcttts
extensivelyyellow, their apicesblackened,segntentssix and seven black,outer segnrentsbrownish black and yellow, ntale hypctpygiunrwitlt
llosterior border of tergite senticircular,with two narrow blades; inncr
tlististyle with beak long-oval, outer nrargin with a dense brush oflong yellow setae; outer basal lobe subtriangular,producedinto a rodthat ternrinatesin two spines; eighth sternite broadestbefore nridlength,
apex with two low truncatedlobes, r,estitttreshort and sparse.
-t"-....

"

M a I e. Length, about 16 nlm; wing I 5 ntnl; antennaabottt
5 nlnr. Frontal prolongationof head yellowed;palpi pale brown,
secondsegmentdarker. Antennaerelativelyshort, as shown bymeasurenrents;
scapeyellow, pediceland flagelltrnrclark brown;
small;
f lagellar segmentssubcylindrical,the basal enlargentents
vcrticilsshorterthan the segments.Head brownishyellow.

Pronotumabovedark brown,moreyellowedon sides.Mesonotal praescutumchiefly brownishblack, hunreralregion restricteclly
yellow; posteriorscleritesof notunrbrownishblack, parasctttella,sides of rnediotergiteand lower half of pleurotergiteyellowed.
Pleura yellow. Halteresbrown. Legs with coxae and trochanters
yellow,remainderof legs dark brown. Wings stronglyinfttscated,cell Sc and stigma dark brown; veins still darker brtlwn,
cspecially the more anterior ones, Ctt, and the ottter radial
branches.Stigma and wing cells without trichia. Venatitln: Scrr
and origin of Rs in alignment,the latter subeqttalto the basal
sectionof R+* ; i cell M I broadly sessile; basal scctiotrof M.,
about two-thirds the oblique m.
Abdomen with tergites bicolorecl,ycllow ancl clark brown,
the latter including the apices; the yellow and brown pattern
subequalon segmenttwo, the dark color progressivelyreclttccd
outwardly, on f ifth tergitc not reaching the lateral angles;
proxinral two sterniteslight yellow with narrow brown arcas
ol1 posterior borders, smallest on secclndsegnrerrt;sternitcs
three and four clear yellow, the posterior incisttre narrowly
clarkened; segments six and seven black; segnrent eigltt
variegatedbrownishblack and ycllow; stemiteswith lllore tltalt
the outer half yellow, tergiteschiefly dark, the latcral borclcrs
and a smaller apical central spot yellowed, nintlt scgntcnt
yellowed. Male hypopygium ( Fig. 4) with ninth tergitc, t,
in outline;posteriorborder roundecl,at sttnlmitwitlt
scnricircular
two slender erect lobes or narrow blades that are slightly
broader than the median interspace,inner ntarginsand apcx oflobcs with nticroscopicblackened pegs. Outer dististyle, oel,Studia Ent., vol. 19, fasc. l-4; dezembrode 1976

323

unusuallylong and narrow; inner style,id, complexin structure,
as shown, includinga long-ovalbeak with the base or necknarrowed,outer marginof the enlargedpart with a densegroupof long yellow setae,lower margin of neck with a small erect
the inner anglerod; outer basal lobe complex,subtriangular,
produced into a narrow rod that divides into two spines(subfigure). Phallosome,p, with straight blackened rods
subtendingthe shorter aedeagus,the apophysesas shown,the outer ends producedinto a yellow rod. Eighth sternite,s, broadest before nridlength,the apex with two very low
truncate lobes that are separated by a shallow rnedianemargination,
vestitureof lobes pale, short and sparse.
Habitat: Nigeria.Holotype,d , on two slides,showingthe
wings and body; Obudu,CattleRanch,SoutheasternState,5000
feet,August19, 1973 (Medler).
This attractive speciesis nanred for Mabel Marguerite Alexander,
nry dear wife and co-workeron the Tipulidae,co-authorof the Neotropicaland Oriental Catalogues.For a record of the nunrerousother speciesof crane flies that have been named in her honor, see Transactionsof
the American EntomologicalSociety, 96: 318; 1970. The majority ofthese species are narned nrurgarita, using the nriddle given nante, as
above.
The only approxinratelysimilar regional species is Nephrotonta(Nephrotoma) fulani Alexander (Studia Entonrologica,17l. 386-388,fig.
4. ntalc ltypopygiunr; 197.1)f ronr the same general locality. The twoflies are most readily told by their hypopygialstructure,especiallythc
different tergite and inner dististyle,?s shown.

5. Nephrotoma(Nephrotoma)mambilasp. n.
Mesonotuntchiefly black, variegatedby yellow on the nrediotergite
a n d p t e r o p l e u r i t el;e g s b r o w n i s h b l a c k ; w i n g s p a l e b r o w n , t h e s t i g n r a
itnclcells C and Sc darker brown; abdominaltergitestwo to four brown,each segntentwith a yellow discal area, this decreasingin size on theouter segntents;male hypopygiunrwith tergite ternrinatingin two large
flattenedconvolutedblades that are provided with snrall black spicules;
inner dististylewith dorsal crest conspicuous,
outer basal lobe without
blackenedarntature;eighth sternitewith posteriorhalf broadly triangular,
ternrinatingin a very small obtuse point, the vestituresparse.

M a I e. Length,abouth12 mnl; wing 12 mm; antennaabout
5.5 mm. Frontal prolongationof head brownish yellow; palpi
brown. Antennae with scape brown, proximal end narrowly
yellowed; pedicel obscure yellow; flagellum brown, segnrents
cylindrical with slightly developedbasal enlargements,verticils

short, less than one-halfthe segment.Head chiefly yellowed.

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A l e x a n d e r , A f r i c a nC r a n eF l i e s .V .

.

Thorax chiefly black, anterior two-thirds of posnotal
yellow. Halteresnot apparent
and the pteropleurite
mediotergite
on slide mount. Legs with coxae and trochantersblack;remtinder of legs brownish black; claws with a small pointat near midlength.Wings pale brown, prearcularf ield, cells C
and Sc, and the stigma darker brown: veins dark brown'
Stigma with about twelve trichia, with f rom about twelve totwenty slightly longer ones in outer end of cell Rs. Venation:
Rs short, only slightly longer than the basal sectionof R+* ,,;about one-tfuirdto one-fourthm; m-cu
cell Mt short-petiolate,
beforethe fork of M.
Abdomendistinctivelypatternedwith yellow and brown;basaltergiteuniformlybrown; tergitestwo to four brown, witha discal yellow area, tergites five to nine brown; proximal
sternitesbrown, sternitestwo to fottr chiefly yellow, narrowly
marginedlaterally and posteriorlywith brown, outer sternites
more uniformlybrown. Male hypopygium(Fig. 5) generallyas
in tricincfa,differingin details.Ninth tergitP,t, yellow,terntinatingby a U-shaped
flattenedbladesseparated
in two largeconvoluted
spicules,the bladeswith relativelysparseblackened
emargination,
as shown.Outerdististyle,od, long and slender,the distal fotrrth
inner style, id,narrow,vestitureyellow,relativelyinconspicttotts;
posteriorly;outerbasal
precipitouswith dorsalcrestconspictrous,
lobe small, entirely yellow and without spines; lower beakblades.Eighthsternite,s,formedby two blackened
scoop-like,broad, posteriorhalf broadly triangular,terminatingin a verysmallobtusepoint; vestituresparse,longerand moreconspictlotls
along apicalborder.
Habitat: Nigeria.Holotype,6 , mountedon slide, Obudu,
State, 5200 feet, August 7, lg72
Cattle Ranch, Southeastern(Medler).
The name, nnmbila, is that of a native Nigerian tribe of tltis
region.
The most similar species is Nephrotoma (Nephrotonta) tricincta
Alexander,of SoutheastAfrica (Nyasatand,MozamblgY.).The general
structure of the hypopygium-Sth is niuch the same, differing in details.
sternite is characteristicof a sntall group
The conformationof ttreof allied species,reaching an extrentein N. (N.) triquetra Alexander,of Uganda. There are slgnificant differencesin coloration,partictrlarly
the thorax and abdomen.

Studia Ent., vol. 19, fasc. l-4, dezenrbrode 1976

325

6. Nephrotoma(Nephrotoma)
megacantha
sp. n.
P r o n o t u m , m e s o n o t u ma n d t h o r a c i c p l e u r a c h i e f l y p o l i s h e d b l a c k ,witlt conspicuousyellow areas on anterior two-thirds of mediotergite
a n d o n t h e p t e r o p l e u r i t ea n d p l e u r o t e r g i t e ;h e a d o r a n g e ; h a l t e r e s a n d
l e g s b l a c k ; c l a w s o f m a l e w i t h a s p i n e ; w i n g s i n f u s c a t e d ,p r e a r c u l a r
and costal fields darker, cell M, shortpetiolate;abdomen black, proximals e g m e n t sw i t h t h e n a r r o w b a s e s g r a y p r u i n o s e ; m a l e h y p o p y g i u n rw i t hapex of tergite a shallow saucer bearing two spiculose lobes; innerdististyle with a powerful black spine at the outer posterior angle;
eighth sternite large, with a snrall terminal lobe, all with very longconspicuousetae.

M a l e . L e n g t h ,a b o u t 1 5 m r n ; w i n g 1 2 . 8 m m ; a n t e n n aabottt 5.5 mm. Palpi brownish black. Frontal prolongationof
head aboveorangeyellow,very lightly gray pruinose,the outerend and relativelyshort nasusblackened,
the latter tipped withblack setae.Antennaewith scapeyellowed,narrowly darkened
at apex, pedicel dark hrown; f lagellunrblack. Head orange
with a darkenedarea on anterior vertex adjoining the eye;occipitalbrand pale brown, triangular,anteriorlynarrowedto
a slenderpoint.
Pronotttm and cervical sclerites blackened. Mesonotal
praescutumuniformly polished lrlack, humeral region very
restrictedlyyellow, more conspicuouson the lateral projectionof the pronotalscutellum;posteriorscleritesof notum polished
black, anteriortwo-thirdsof mediotergiteyellow. Pleura black,with a light yellow Y-shaped area on the pteropleuriteand
pleurotergite,with a smallermarking on the dorsal meron, allsuch areasconfluentor virtuallyso. Halteresblackened,extremebase of stem dull orange. Legs with coxae and trochanters
black; remainderof legs brownishblack, femoralbasesnarrowly
yellowed;claws of male with an erect spine at near midlength.
Wings infuscated,cell C darker, prearcularfield, cell Sc, andthe stigma still darker; veins dark brown. Stigma with two
small trichia,outerend of cell R; with about a dozen.Venation:
Rs and basal sectionof R+* ,, subequal;cell M 1 short-petiolate,this about one-fourthto one-third m; m-cu at or close to theorigin of vein M 4.
Abdomenblack, proximal segmentsbasally narrowly morepruinose; hypopygium with tergite blackened.sternites andpleurites paler brown, styli and internal structuresyellowed.
Male hypopygium ( Fig. 6) with ninth tergite, t, transverse,
posteriorborder with a low saucer that includestwo lobes
separatedhy a narrow notch, the lobes with relativelysparse

326

Alexander,A f r i c a nC r a n e F l i e s .V .

spinules and setae. Outer dististyle, od, long and slender,
especiallythe outer fourth; inner style, id, with dorsal crest
elongate,sloping graduallyalmost to apex of style; lower beakentirelyblackened,unusuallydeep, outer lobe a powerful blackp, with very slenderdelicatepale spinesthat
spine.Phallosome,
Eighth sternite,s, very largc,
appear to representgonapophyses.
sheathing,graduallynarrowedoutwardly,apex with two rottnded
lobes bearing very long strong black setae that are directed
mesad, in the emarginationwith a large yellow lobe bearing
numerousshorter yellow setae.
Habitat: Nigeria. Holotype, 6 , Obttdtt, Cattle Ranclt,
S o u t h e a s t e rSnt a t e ,A u g u s t l 7 , 1 9 7 3 ( M e d l e r ) .
By my key to the regionalspeciesof Nephrotomain the Ruwenzori
Report, 1956,cited earlier in this paper, the presentfly is ntost similar
to variotrs species described fronr Uganda, including Nephrotoma
Alexander,and(Nephrotoma) albonigra Alexander,N. (N.) mobukensi.s
N. (N.) triquetra Alexander,all having the hypopygial details qtrite
distinct f rom the present f ly, especiallythe enlarged blackenedspineon the inner dististyle,dS describedand figured.

7. Tipula (Acutiputa)tigon sp. n.
Size large (wing of fentale28 mm); head with palpi brownish
black, ternrinal segment alnrost entirely light yellow; antennaeyellow;
legs with femora brownish yellor,r',tips narrowly dark hrown; tibiae
brownish yetlow, tarsi black; wings brownish yellou', restrictedly
patternedwith darker brown, especiallyover the anterior cord in bases
and over veins m-cu and distal sectionof _Ctr-,;R.sof cells R.a and R,,"aboutone-halflonger than Rg*,r; cell /.sf Al.- iarge,
long and Straight,
petiole of cell M t and m sttbeqttal.

F e m aI e. Wing about 28; antennaabout 4 mnl; nraxillary
palpi 'about 5.5 mm. Frontal prolongationof head brownislt
yellow, restrictedlymore darkenedlaterally at base; nastts
elongate.Palpi with three proximalsegmentsand extrentebaseof fourth brownish black, remainderof latter light yellow.
Antennaeyellow throughout,shorterthan the palpus,as shown-above; f lagellar segmentsslightly shorter than their verticils.
Head brownishyellow; anteriorvertex relativelynarrow.
Legs with femora brownish yellow, tips narrowly darkbrown; tibiaebrownishyellow,tarsi black; claw of fentalesmall,patterned
simple.Wings (Fig.8) brownishyellow,restrictedly
with brown at and near cord, cell Sc light brown; stignrawith
outer end brown, proximal half whitened,delimitedby a palevein-like element (in figtrre indicatedby dots); a darkened

S t u d i a E n t . . v o l . 1 9 , f a s c . 1 - 4 , d e z e m b r od e 1 9 7 6327

clorrdin cxtremebasesof cells Rg and Rs, at cord, m-cu anddarkenedon botlt
tlre distal sectionof Cu, more conspicuously
sides of the veins; veins brownish black, in prearcularandcostal f ields paler brown. Costal trichia very abundant,short;more scatteredblack trichia on vcins Sc, R and Rr i vein R+, nwith scatteredtrichia,more numerousat near midlengtlt;sparsc
triclria on vein M , * r, with a few on m. Venationabotrt asshowni Rs long and straight,about one-halflonger than the
gentlyarcuatedRz*si R:r nearlyone-thirdRg; cell Ist M2 large;m and petioleof cell M1 subequal;cell Mt broad; distal sectionof Cu, and m-cu subequal,the latter shortly before the forkof Ms ..a.
Outer abdominal segmentsbrownish yellow. Cerci andhypovalvaerelativelyshort, subequalin length and diameter.
Habitat: Nigeria. Holotype, I , mottntedon slide, Obttdtt,
State,March 23, lg71 (Medler).
Cattle Ranch,Southeastern
The specific nanle, tigon, is that of a native people of Nigeria.
The f ly is rnost readily told f rorn other large-sizedregional menrbers, alpi ando f t l r e s u b g e n u sb y t h e d e t a i l s o f c o l o r a t i o no f t h e a n t e n n a e p
w i n g s , a n d i n t h e v e n a t i o n .T h e n r o s t s i m i l a r o f s u c h s p e c i e si n c l u d e-I'. (A.)
angolana Alexander,
Tipula (Acutipula) hantu Alexander,Zaire;
A n g o l a ; a n d T . ( A . ) u r u n d i a n a A l e x a n d e r ,U r u n d i . T h e n t a l e o f t l t e
p r e s e n tf l y w h e n d i s c o v e r e ds h o u l d p r o v i d e f u r t h e r d i s t i n c t i v ec h a r a c t e r s .

8. Tipula (Acutipula)yoruba sp. n.
S i z e l a r g e ( w i n g o f n r a l e 2 3 n r n t ); h e a d d a r k b r o w n ; a n t e n n a c
s h o r t , f l a g e l l a r s e g m e n t sw i t h v e r y s m a l l v e r t i c i l s : m e s o t h o r a xm e d i u m
hro'wn,praescutumand scutunrpatternedwith dark brown; legs brownish
y e l l o w t o l i g h t b r o w n , f e n r o r a lt i p s d a r k e r b r o w n ; w i n g s l i g h t b r o w n ,cell Sc and stignra clark brown; R.s short, about one-half R, * ,; ntale
hypopygium with tergite only slightly narrowed distally, apex with asmall rounded emargination,the lobes low; basistyle with a grotrp ofvery long delicate setae; .outer.
dististyle narrow, inner style long anclas t o u t , a p g x e x p a n d e di n t o' a d ,o n i t r s f a c es u b r e c t a n g u l abr l a c k e n e dh e-likervith two cilrved spines,at bases approxinr.ated
an anchor;
to appearb a s e o f s t y l e w i t h n t o d i f i e dl o b e s ; e i g h t h s t e r n i t eu n m o d i f i e d .

M a le. Lengthabout 22 mm; wing 23 mm; antennaabout
2.6 mm. Type preservedin alcohol,mountedin balsam;bodycolorationdescribedin generalterms only. Frontal prolongationof head and palpi dark brown, the incisuresof the latter pale.
proximalAntennaesmall, shorterthan the palpi, l2-segmented;
flagellarsegmentscylindrical,the outer ones long-ovalto oval,
terminalsegmentslender;verticilsof segmentsunusuallysnrall,Head dark brown.
only about one-thirdthe segments.

328

Alexander,A f r i c a nC r a n e F l i e s .V .

light brown,
Pronotumlight brown.Mesonotalpraescutumwith threedark brown stripes,scutallobessimilarlydarkened;scutellum and postnotum light brown, mediotergitedarker
posteriorly.PIeura yellowed, mesopleurapatterned with darkbrown. Halteressmall, brown. Legs with coxae and trochantersbrownishyellow; femora light brown, tips darker brown; tibiae
and tarsi brownishyellow; claws of male long and slender,
with an acutebasal spine and a subequalstouterpoint at near
one-thirdthe length.Wings light brown, cell C and prearcttlar
field yellowishbrown; cell Sc and the small stigma dark brown;a very narrow brown seam over the anteriorcord, the enclosed
veins appearingstout; remainingveins dark brown to brownish
black. Costaltrichia very small,abundant.Rs short, about onehalf R, , r, Rz short,about one-thirdRg; petioleof cell M I andm subequal; m-cu shortly beyondtwo-thirdsMs * q.
Abdominal tergites light brown, sternitesmore yellowed,
includingthe eighth sternite,dark brown. Maleouter segments,
hypopygium(Fig. 13) with ninth tergite,f, only slightlynarrowed
thedistally, apex broad, with a small roundedemargination,
lobes low; tergal vestiture short and abundant,as shown.
Basistyle,b, on mesal face with a group of very long setae,
the extensiveposteriorones directedcephalad.Outer dististyle,d, narrow,apex obtuse,vestitureshort; inner style,d, distinctive,
as shown,long and stottt, the blackenedapex slightly enlarged
into a subrectangularhead, on face with two strong ctlrved
black spinesthat appear anchor-like;other armatureabout asshown; outer basal lobe with long erect yellow setae. Eighth
ied. Phallosome,sterniteunmodif
P, a straight daggerlikepoint,
the base more dilated.

Habitat: Nigeria.Holotype,6 , mountedon two slides,Ile6, Fashola,Ife, WesternState,August1974(Medler).Paratype,
CattleStation,WesternState,October22, t974 (Medler).
ic name,Yoruba,is that of a regionalnative
The specif
people.
Other large-sizedregionalmembersof the subgenus(wing of male
20 mm or moie) includeTipula (Acutipula)angolanaAlexander,Angola;
T. (A.)
fulani Alexander,Nigeria; T. (A,) gahoonensisAlexander,'Cameroon;T. ( A.) langi Alexander,Zaire; T. ( A.) tigon sp. n''
Gabon,
Nigeria; and f . ( A.) urundianaAlexander,Zaire, all with tlre maleuni'.nnu. and hypopygial charactersquite distinct f ront those of theother membersof
f resentfly. The antennae,?S described,differ from
bttt
itt. subgenusin the very reducedvestitureof the flagellarsegments,
it upp.ir. advisableat the presenttime to place the fly in Acutipula
until more is known about it and allies.

Studia Ent., r'ol. 19, fasc. l-4, dezenrbrode 1976

c

329

,{

14

r5

Fig. 8. Tipula
FiS. 7. Nephrotoma (Nephrotomal idioc_era p. n. ; venation.
(Acutipulal tigon sp. n.; venation.
Flg. 9. Limonia (Achyrolimonia) perarcuato
Fig. t0. Limonio (Achyrolimonia) recurvons (Alexander);sp. n.; venatlon.
venation.
Fig. I l. Limonia (Afrollmonta\ abuduensissp. n. ; venatlon.
Fig.
Flg. 13. Tipula
12. Nephrotoma-(Nephrotoma) ldiocera sp. n.; male antenna.
(Acutipula) yoruba sp. n.; male hypopygium.-_Flg. 14, --Limonia (Achyrolimonial
jerarcuata
Fig. t5. Limonia (AchyTsliaonial-atrichopterasp. n.; male hypopygium.
Fig. t6. Limonia (Achyrolimonial
Alexander: male hypopygium.
recurvans(Alexander); male hypopygium.- (Symbols,onf, antenna;male hypopyglum,a , a e d e a g u s;D , b a sl styl e ; d , d l stlstyles;g, gonapophysis;P, phallosome;s .8ths te r n i t e ; l , g th te rg i te ).

330

A l e x a n d e r , A f r i c a nC r a n eF l i e s .V .

Limoniinae
Limoniini

9. Limonia (Achyrolimonia)perarcuatasp. n.
General coloration of head and thorax black, praescuttttttchicfl5'y e l l o w ; a n t e n n a eb l a c k , f i r s t f l a g e l l a r s e g m e n ta b r t r p t l y w h i t e , f l a g e l l a r
verticils very long; legs brownish black, claws with a single very long
brrlu'tt
basal spine; wings whitened,with an extensivevery conspicttotts
p a t t e r n ; s p a r s et r i c h i a i n o u t e r w i n g c e l l s ; A n a l v e i n s s t r o n g l y a r c t t A t e ,c e l l s C u , I s t A a n d 2 n dA a t m a r g i n n e a r l y e q u a l i n e x t e n t ; a b d o t l t e nchiefly- orange, ninth segnrentand hypopygiunrblack; nlale lrypopygitrrlt
witfu ventromesallobe of basistyle terminating in a lobtrle' r'entral
tlististyle witlr rostral prolongation a long slender rod, in the axil at
its ha.sewitlr a long tubercle tipped with a long straisht spinoiclscta,
with a sltorter seta at near nridlengthof the ttrbercle.

M a le. Length,abottt6 mm; wirrg 6 mnl; antennaabottt
1.3 mm. Rostrumand palpi brown, tltc latter short, terminal
segnlentelongate.Antennaewith scape and pedicel[rrownislt
black f irst f lagellar segmentabrtrptly whitc, with a slc'ndcr
basal ancl a short stouter apical pedicel;remainingsegments
black, segmentstwo and three subglobular,with short apical
pedicels; f our to six more oval, the remainingsegmentslon$,
the terntinal one longest, about one-third more tltan the
all flagellarsegmentswith long verticils,incltrding
penultimate;
one very long bristle,the longeston segntentsnear nridlengthof the organ, this fully two and one-halttimes the segment.
Head black.
chieflyyellow,the sidc's
praescutum
Thorax black,mesonotal
clarker.Halteresbrown. Legs with coxae and trochanterslightbrown; remainderof legs brownishblack, fentoralbaseslnorc
yellowed,especiallythe posteriorpair; claws long and very
near basewith a singlevery long slenderslightlycttrvecl
slencler,spine.Wings ( Fig. 9) with the grotlndwhitened,cellsM r, Ctr1
and I st A. cloudedwith pale brown; a very heavyand conspicttotts'equalin degreeto the grouncl
dark brown patternthat is aboutcolor; cell C chiefly brown, pale at eitlter end, outer part ofcell Sc more extensivelywhitened;bases of cells R and M
extensivelybrowh, the arculus narrowly whitened; ottter twothirds of wing with the brown pattern nlore extensivc,
with outer ends of veins 1'rrown,nlore elongatc
subreticulate,brown
on the posteriorones; a strbretictrlated
and conspicgous
bypatternf rom the base of R.s to the wing apex' interrtrpted

S t u d i a E n t . , v o l . 1 9 , f a s c . 1 - - 1 ,d e z e m b r od e 1 9 7 6331

subequalground areas,the largestof theseon the outer thirdof cell M, cell M 1 chiefly pale; veins brown, slightly paler intlre ground areas.Sparsetrichia in cells Sc1 to M r, distributed
about as figured.Venation:Sc long, Sc, shortly before outcr
end of Rs, Sc, near its tip; R:r far retracted,less than one-half
thc gently arcuatedRr , :]i cell Is/ M2 subequalto distal sectionof M r+2i m-cu closeto fork of M; distal ends of Anal vcins
vcry stronglyarcuate,the cells unusuallybroad, ss shown,cells
Ctt, I st A and 2nd A along posteriorborder subequalin cxtent.
Abdominaltersitesoranse,sternitesslightly more yellowed;
ninth scgnlcntanclhypnpygiunr
abruptlyblack.Male hypopygium( FiS. 14) with the tergite,t, transvcrse,posteriorborder veryslightly enrarginate,lobes very low, cephalic nlargin nearlystraight; setae very sparse, with about ten on each lobe.
Basistyle,b, with setae of outer face very sparseand weak,mesalf ace with a row of about six strong setae;ventromesal
lobe laree, ternrinatingin a snrall lobule that is tipped withseveralsetae,margin of lobe on outer portion with very longsetae.Dorsal dististyle,d, a long slendernearly straight rod,
point;
the apex slightly dilated,ternrinatingin a microscopic
ventral style small, its area less than one-half that of thebasistyle;rostral prolongationa long slenderrod, in the axil
at its base with an elongatetubercletipped with a very longspinoid seta, with a shorterstraight bristle at near midlengthof the tubercle.Gonapophysis,.9, darkened,mesal-apicallobe
stout, terminatinglaterallyin a snlall point. Aedeagus,o, witlt
penistubescontiguous.
Habitat: Nigeria. Holotype,6 , o l l slide, Owena, Forest
WesternState,Septembert g 74 (Medler): east of IleReserve,
Ife, betweenOndo and Akure.
O t h e r E t h i o p i a n s p e c i e so f A c h y y 6 l i m o n i ah a v i n g t h e w i n g s l t e a v i l v
patternedsomewhatas in the presentfly includeLimonia (Achyrolimonia)
l e u c o c n e n t i sA l e x a n d e r , N i g e r i a , Z a i r e ; L . ( A . ) p o t h o s A l e x a n d e r ,Tanzania; L. (A.) ltotnia Alexander, Rhodesia; and L. (4.) recedens( A l e x a n d e r ) ,C a m c r o o n ,a l l d i f f e r i n g a m o n g t h e n t s e l v e si n c o l o r a t i o no ft h e b o d y a n d w i n g s a n d i n h y p o p y g i a l c h a r a c t e r s .I n t h e p r e s e n t f l y
t h e w i n g c h a r a c t e r so f t r i c h i a i n t h e o u t e r c e l l s a n d t h e v e n a t i o t to f
the Anal field slrouldhe enrphasized.

9 A. Limonia (Achyrolimonia)atrichopteraAlexander
Lirnonia (Limonia) 'atrichoptera Alexander; Rev. Zool. 'Bot. Afr., l9: 342-343; 1930.
Limoniq (Aletalimnobia) atrichoptera Alexander; British i\lus. Nat. Hist. Rurvenzori
1 .. rExpedition t934-35,vol. l, nv 7: 203; 1956 (in key).

332

Alexander,A f r i c a nC r a n eF l i e s .V .

Holotype, a 9, was from Kasai, Zaire. The present materials arefrom Obudu, Cattle Ranch, SoutheasternState, Nigeria, September l,
1974,Medler, and from Owena, Forest fteserve,Western State, Nigeria,
September1974 (Madler).
The male hypopygiumis shown (Fig. l5). In the type female andin most specimensof the present series the femora are unitorntly
blackenedbut in one female from Obudu these are distinctly riltged
with yellow. Trichia in the wing cells reduced in numbers, especiallyin the stigmal region, in cases to one or two trichia, with scatteredpuncturesin cells Sc, to Rg in the type and other specimens.
Limonia (Achyrolimonia) oligotricha Alexanderand L. (A.) trichoptera
Alexander likewise belong to this subgroup of Achyrolimonia, allfrom typical membersof the subgenusin the conforntation
clistinguishedof the apex of the aedeagusin these species,as shown in the figures.
-see L. (A.) perarcuata Alexander (Fig. 14) and L. (4.) recurvans
Alexander(Fig. l6).

I B. Limonia (Achyrolimonia)recurvans(Alexander)
Dicranomyia recurvans A l e x a n d e r ; B u l l . t \ l u s . H i s t . n a t . ( P a r i s ) . 1 9 1 9 , n e 7 :6 O 9 - 6 1 0 ;1 9 1 9 .
Limonia recurvans Alexander; B r i t i s h I t u s . N a t . H i s t . R u w e n z o r i E r p e d i t i o n 1 9 3 { - 1 3 5 ,vol. l, ne 7 (in key), 2O1; 210 (wing;; 195d.

Holotype, 9, Los lslands, Isle of Tamara, Guinea.
Allotype,d, on slide.Rostrumvery short, brown; palpi with proxintal
segmentsreduced,the ternrinal one very long, dark brown. Antennae
wiitr scape dark brown, pedicel abruptly whitened, flagellunt ligltt
brown; proximal two or three segmentsshort-oval,the outer segments
progressivelyoval to more elongate,with very long verticils tlte ltlngcst
iUout two and one-half times the segment; terminal segment elongate,
narrowed outwardly, about one-third longer than the penultinlate.Headdark brown.
Thorax chiefly dark brown, restrictedly brightened on posterior
postnotumand pleura. Haltereswith stem pale, knob large, dark brown.
Legr with coxai dark brown; trochantersbrownish yellow; femora lightbrown, paler basally; tibiae light brown, bases narrowly whitened,nlore
evidentin the holotype;tarsi pale brownish yellow, outer tarsal segments
brown; claws slender,strongly curved, with a long subappressedspirre
at near midlength and a more powerful darkened basal spine. Wings(FiS. l0) whitined, with a very abundant dark brown pattern that
includes major areas at origin of Rs,' an X-shaped figure completell'crossing the wing from the end of Sc and vein Rz in costal region
and Cu at posterior border, together withto the ends of veins M4-endsof all veins, those at p_osteriorborderlarge marginal spots at
farfer; numeroussmall brown dots especiallyin cells C and I[, morc'
spaise elsewhere.No trichia in wing cells as in perorcuata.Vcnation:
R' ,, long, subequalto last sectionof Rr i crossveinm oblique to vcr)'
gdnliy arcuated; cell 2nd A long and ielatively narrow. For patternth. iigure of the wing in the RuwenzoriReport above cited may beconsulted.
Abdomen black, membraneand apices of segmentstwo to scvcll
whitened to produce narrow bands, outer two segments uniformll'
darkened.Male hypopygium (FiS. l6) with the tergite, t, transverse,
posterior border witn broadly rounded lobes with thickened margins,Studia Ent., vol. 19, fasc. l-4, dezenrbrode 1976

333

setaerelativelysparse,short. Basistyle,b, having tlre ventronresal
lobewith very long setae,body of style with setaeshort and sparse.Dorsal
dististyle,d, a slenderstraightrod, the small apex with a lateralpoint;
ventral style relativelysmall, its area about two-thirds that of thebasistyle;rostral prolongationelongate,gently curved,with two separate
spines,the basal one from a long tubercle,the slightly shorter andstouter outer spine at near one-third the length of the prolongation
front a very small to scarcelyevidenttubercle.Gonapophysis,g, withmesal-apicallobe short, narrowedto a short blackenedpoint. Aedeagus,
a, with penis tubes contiguos,their aperturessubterminal,the apex
an obtuselobe.
Allotype, 3 , on slide, lle-lfe, WesternState, Nigeria,August lg74
(Medler).

10. Limonia (Afrolimonia)obuduensissp. n.
Generalcolorationof thoracic dorsum brown, sides more yellowed;
legs with femora brownish yellow with a broad dark brown subterminal
ring; wings whitened,with a restrictedbrown pattern that is restricted
to the veins; a complete darkened band fronr stignra to terminationof vein Cu; Sc long, Sr, about opposite five-sixth the length of Rs;
cell /sf M, large, m-cu at fork of M; abdomen yellow, segmentsthree
to seven each with a narrow transversebrown band on proximal half;
ovipositorwith cerci small, very slender.

F e m a I e. Length,about 8.5 mm; wing I mm. Rostrum
and palpi dark brown, terminalsegmentof latter slender,about
one-halflonger than the third segment.Head dark brown.
Pronotumdark brown, paler laterally.Mesonotalpraescutum
dark brown medially,posteriorscleritesof notum brown. Pleura
yellowed,variegatedwith pale brown.Halteresbrown,knob large.
Legs with coxae and trochantersyellow; femora brownish
yellow with a broad dark brown subterminalring, the narrowapex clear light yellow; tibiae and tarsi light brown. Wings(Fig. l l) with the groundwhitened,
cellsC and Sc light yellow;
a restrictedbrown pattern,with major areas at h and arcularregion, origin of Rs, and the stigma, the last confluentwitlr
a broad seam at vein R, *, and the cord; more restricteddarkeningsat tip of Sc and the outer end of cell /sf Mz, apexof vein 2ndA darkened;narrow brown seamsin outer radial
and medial veins; extensiveseamsat outer two-thirdsof vein
Cu with smalleronesat endsof Anal veins;othersmallwashesin
cells M and Cu; costal cell with about seven or eight small
brown dots; veinsyellow in the ground,brown in the patternedareas.Venation:Sc long, Sct about oppositefive-sixthRs, Sc:llonger, near the apex; cell /sf Mz large, outer medial cells

334

Alexander,A f r i c a n C r a n e F l i e s .V .

relativelysmalli Mt * + more than twice M +; m-cu at or close
to distalsectionof Cuy
to fork ol M, subequal
Abdonrenyellow, segmentsthree to seveninclusivewitlt anarrow transversebrown band on proximal halt of each segment,
outer two segntentsyellow. Ovipositor with cerci very slender,
needlelike,much smaller than the hypovalvae.
Habitat: Nigeria. Holotype, I , on slide, Obudu, Cattle
State,Augtrst7, 1973 (Medler).
Ranch,Southeastern
Other, generally sinrilar Ethiopian species with a contparable wittg
and leg pattern include Linrcnia (Alrolimonia) ditior Alexander, Uganda,
Tanzania, Mozambique,Rhodesia; L. (A.) irrorata (Enderlein), LIganda,(Alexander), Nigeria,
Rhodesia, Transvaal; and L. ( A.) nJra.saen.si.sMalawi, Rhodesia,.all . differing anrong tltentselveschiefly in the wingllattern.

I 1. Limonia (Afrolimonia) trunculata sp. r'r.
Head blackened; thorax yellow, pronotunr and praescutuntnredittlly
brownish black; femora yellow, with a broad nearly terntinal hlackened
ring; wings yellow with a very sparse dotted brown pattern in thecells before cordi nFcu shortly before fork of M; ntale hypopygitrnrwitlt
tergite on posterior borcler nearly truncate, the plate gradtrally narrrlwed
anteriorly to appear senricircular; rlorsal dististyle very slender, apcx
bent into a spine.

M a l e . L e n g t h ,a b o u t 8 m n l ; w i n g 9 . 5 n u l l ; a n t e n n aa b o t t t
1.7 mm. Rostrum and palpi brownish black, terminal palpi
segntentslender. Antennaebrownish black; flagellar segntents
oval, outer ones, especiallythe terminal, elongate; verticils
relatively sltort, only slightly exceeding the segntents.Head
blackened.
Pronotumabove brownishblack, sides yellowed.Mesontttttttt
yellow, praescutumwith a central black stripe on nearly tltc
anterior half. Pleura yellowed. Halteres with stem brownislt
yellow, knob brown. Legs with coxae and trochantersyellow;
femora yellow with a broad nearly terminal blackenedringi
tibiae obscureyellow, tips more narrowly darkened;tarsi obscttre;
yellow, outer segmentsbrownish black; claw long ancl slencler
outermostspine long, the more basal oncs progressivelysntaller.
Wings yellow with a very sparse dotted brown pattern tltat
includesthe cells before cord, the outer radial and medial cells: Sct ending abottt
ahnostwithout spots; veins brown. Venations
oppositetwo-thirdsRs, Sc, slightly longer; outer radial branclte
moderatelydecurved;cell Ist M2 slightly less than cell 2nd Mti
m-cu shortly before the fork of M.

S t u d i a E r t t . ,vol. 1.9,fasc. 1.4, clezelnbrode 1976

335

Abdonren yellowed, proximal tergites slightly darkened
rncdially.Male hypopygiunr( Fig. I 9) with the tergite, t,distinctivein outline,posteriorbordernearlytruncate,the plate
broadeston outerfitth, graduallynarrowedto appearsemicircularanteriorly;posteriormarginwith a row of f ive very long setae
removed f rom the border, the outermost slightly smaller.
Basistyle,b, with ventromesallobe relativelysmall, the apex
and lower nrarginwith very long setae,the longestexceeding
the lobe. Dorsal dististyle,d, slender,very gently cttrved,tip
stronglybent into an acute spine; ventral style smallerthan
the basistyle,narrowedoutwardly,the outer nrarginand.apex
lobule long and slender,withrvith very long setae;accessory
a single very long terminal seta; rostral prolongationlong
and slender,spines elongate,placed close together at base,g, triangularin outline,extendedcaudadinto a
Gonapophysis,long spine.Aedeagus,o, terminatingin two otttspreadknobs.
Habitat: Nigeria. Holotype, 6 , on slide, Ile-lfe, Wcstern
Statc, August lg74 (Medler).
Generally sinrilar species include Limonia (Alrolintonia) nyasaensis(Alexander),Malawi, Rhodesia;L. (A.) oligospilotaAlexander,Ethiopia,
Kenya, Zaire; L. (A.) ontnifulva Alexander,Rhodesia;L. (4.) poecila( A l e x a n d e r )C
, h a n a ; a n d L . ( A . ) r h a n t e r i a( A l e x a n d e r ) ,U g a n d a ,K e n y a ,Z a i r e , T a n z a n i a ,N i g e r i a , a l l d i f f e r i n g a n r o n g t h e n t s e l v e si n d e t a i l s o fcoloration of the body, wings and legs, and in hypopygial structttre,
especiallythe outline of the ninth tergite and apex of the aedeagus.
The most sinrilar species appears to he nyasaensiswhich has the
hypopygialdetails nrost as in the presentfly.

12. Limonia (Eurhipidia) citricolor sp. n.
S i z e s t n a l l ( w i n g o f n r a l e 4 m n r ); h e a d d a r k b r o w n ; a n t c n t t ao f
r t t a l e w i t h f l a g e l l a r s e g r n e n t sl o n g - b i p e c t i n a t et;h o r a x a n c l a b d o l t t c n
etltttost.uniforntly yellow; knobs of halteres brownislr black; wings
s u b h y a l i n es,t i g n r al a r g e ,o v a l , d a r k b r o w n ; n r a l eh y p o p y g i u nw
r ith dorsald i s t i s t y l es l e n r l e r ,s l i g h t l y e x p a n d e do u t w a r d l y ,t e r m i n a t i n gi n a s p i n e ;rostral spines of ventral dististyle relatively long, at suntntitof a' small
tuberclenear base of prolongation.

M a I e. Length,about3.5 mnr; wing 4 mnl; anteunaabout| .2 mm. Rostnrmsmall, obscureyellow; palpi black. Antennae( nrale) with tlagellar segnrentsone to nine long-bipectinate,outer tltreesegnrents
sirnple,tcrminalsgmentlong, subequalto
the combinedprecedingtwo segments;
branchesof f irst flagellar
segmentonly slightlylongerthan the segment;longestbranches
at midlengthof f lagellum,the outer two slightly shorter;each336

A l e x a n d e r , A f r i c a nC r a n eF l i e s .V .

branchedsegmentwith two very long setae near bases of the
branches.Head dark brown.
Pronotumand cervicalscleritesyellow.Mesonotalpraescutum
and scutal lobes light brown, posteriorscleritesmore yellowed.
Pleura orangeyellow. Haltereswith stem pale, knob brownish
black. Legs with coxae and trochantersyellow; remainderoflegs broken. Wings subhyaline,costal border slightly moreyellowed;stigma large, oval, dark brown. Certainveins beyond
cord with trichia,includingRr, R+*s, outersectionof Mr *t and
My Venation: Sc, ending oppositeorigin of Rs, Sc, retracted;
cell Mz open by atrophyof m; m-cu shortly beyondfork of M.
Abdomenlight yellow.Male hypopygiunr(Fig. 20) with thetergite,t, transverse,
posteriorborder very slightly emarginate.
Dorsal dististyle,d, slender,slightly expandedoutwardly,apex
extendedinto a spine; ventral style with rostral prolongation
short and stout, apex obtuse;rostralspinestwo, relativelylong,placedat summitof a small tuberclenear base of prolongation.
Aedeagus,a, terminatingin two lobes.
Habitat: Nigeria. Holotype, 6 , Benin, Nigerian Institute
Oil Palm Research,NIFOR, Middle Western State, April l,1975(Medler).
The presentfly is quite distinct fronr other African speciesof thesubgenus Eurhipidia in the general yellow body coloration. darkened
wing stignta, and in details of structure of the male antenna andhypopygium. The subgenus Eurhipidia Alexander (Trans. Anter. Ent.
Soc., 9l : 53-58; 1965) includes relatively numerous species in the
Oriental and Ethiopian regions,including Madagascar.

Limonia (Lasiolimonia)subgen.n.
Closest to TricholimoniaAlexander, differing especiallyin hypopygial characters,including both the aedeagusand
gonapophyses.
Femora yellow, with four narrow dark brownbands that are subequalto their interspaces.
tigripes: Limonia ( Lasiolimonia
Type of subgenus)
Alexander (Cameroon,Nigeria). Other included species-L.
( L.) oligotricha Alexander, Zaire, Uganda; L. ( L.) marlieri
Alexander,Zaire. The hypopygiumof the three includedspecies
are figured- oligotricha ( Fig. 2l) ; marlieri ( Fig. 22) ; tigripes( Fig. 23).

Studia Ent., vol. 19, fasc. l-4, dezembrode 1976

337--;;--=.-:-_--.}----

A,

\"l

r9.

t,

W
?5

r7'
26

2t+

FiS, 18. Helius (Helius) medleri
Fig. 17. Dicranoptycha ibo sp. n.; venation.
sp. n.; venation.
F i g . 1 9 . L i m o n i a ( A fr o l i m o n i a ) t r u n c u t a t a s p . n . ; m a l ehypopygium.- Fig. 20. Limonia (Eurhipidia) citricolor sp. n.; male hypopygium.
Fig. 21. Limonia (Lasiolimonia\ oligotricha Alexander; male hypopygiunr.
Fig.
22. Limonia (Lasiolimonia\ marlieri sp. n.; nrale hypopygium.
Fig. 23. Limonia(Lasiolimonia) tigripes Alexander; male hypopygium.- Fig.24. Helius (Hclius) medleri
sp. n.; male hypopygium.
F i g . 2 5 . H e l i u s ( H e l i u s l m o r o s u s ( A l e x a n d e r;) r n a l c(Synrbols,
hypopygium.
Fig. 26. Diuanoptl,slrs ibo sp. n.; male hypopygium.
llale hypopygiunr,a, aedeagus;b, basistyle; d, dististyles; g, gonapophysis;id, inncr
dfstlstyle; p, phallosome; t, 9th tergite; vd, ventral dististyle).

13. Limonia (Lasiolimonia)marlieri sp. n.
M a I e. Wing 14-15 mm. Legs generallyas in the othermembersof the subgenus,
especiallyin the four relativelynarrow338

Alexander,A f r i c a n C r a n e F l i e s .V .

clark brown femoralbancls.Wings with the ground light ycllow,
pattcrned with palc brown in virtually all cclls excepting
C, Sc and R; darker brown areas at f ork of Rs and bcyoncl
tlre arculusin the basesof cclls M ancl Cu; paler brown washes
in cells, larger and occupyingnrost of the arca in cells beyoncl
ccrrdand in the cubital and anal f ielcls;small clark bror,vnspotsat origin of Rs ancl over Str,' veins cttntprisingthe cord andouter end of cell I st M 2 very narrowly seanteclwitlt dark brown;veins dark brown, paler in the yellowedgrounclarcas.Abtrndantsmall trichia in stigma and in ottter ends of cells Sc, to
Mr inclusivc,arranged in linear groups, lllorc abundant ancl
than in the other nrcntbersof thc subgentts.Legs
conspicuoLls
gencrallyas in other allied species,especiallythe fottr relatively
narrow dark brown f entoralbands.
(1,rlltlch as
Male hypopygium(Fig. 22) with the clististyles,g, terntinatingin a tlattenedin the other species.Gonapophyses,'
gently curvecl blade; aedeagus,Q, distinctive; apex narrowed,
tmncate. It should be noted that the position and angle of thespines of the rostral prolongation as ntounted on nticroscope
slidcs ntay vary in different individtrals.
Habitat: Holotype, 6 , Zaire, Mont Mttlti, Riviere Isale,North Kivrt, July 29-31, 1955 (G. Marlier).
Itcrntbwe,
T 6 e s p e c i e si s n a m e d i n h o n o r o f t h e c o l l e c t o r ,G . M a r l i c r , o f l l t e
friqtre Centralc (l'R.S.A.C.).
l n s t i t u t p o i r r l a R e c h e r c h eS c i e n t i f i q u ec n A'l'crvtteretr.
Type in the Mttsee Royal du Ct-rnggBelge,rl3 A. Limonia (Lasiolimonia)tigripes Alcxattcle
Linrcnia ( IlIt'tatintnobiu) tigripes Alcxandcr; Proc'
17: ltl-19; l9{8.

R.

Ent.

Soc'

Lottdon, scr'

B,C,a u t e r o o n , J z r n t t a r y3 1 , l t ) 3 f t ( J . 4 .
Type, female, Minrbr-rnrinrbo
Reis).
Length about I nlnr; wing I nllll; autenna itbottt 2.1
A l l o t y p e , 6 ,'geneiallyas in the type female, differing ilt h1'Pop1'cial
tllllt. Charicters
details. Wings *ittl triihia of cells greatly redttced in nttntbers, thefernale with about 10, the allotype ttrale with only 'l or 5
holotypesuch irichia in the stigmal region; cells Rr, and R., sinrilarly rccittced
in nunrber,the fornrer cell with a row of about 25 trichia on tltt ottter
third.
Male hypopygium (Fig. 23) with the pltallostlnte, incltrdins botlt
tlre aetleagus,a, and the gonapophysesdistinctive.Aedeagus ver)' broadbasally, outwardly gradually narrowcd, apex laterally prodtrced inttr
conspicuouslobes; penis tubes contiguous,apicesprotruding. Gonapophises,g, uiry broacl, the narrow blackenedapex produced laterad into it srttall
spine.

Studia L,nt.,I'ol. 19, fasc. l-4, dezembrode 1976

339

Allotype, 6, Obudu,Cattle Ranch,SoutheasternState, August 19,
1973(Medler).
The leg pattern in this fly and the other membersof the subgenus
prcsentlyknown,as listed under the subgenus,is unusuallystriking andnoteworthy,especiallythe yellow femorawith four narrow brown rings
that are subequalin area to the yellow interspaces,
the outer darkring the narrowest.

14. Helius (Helius) medleri sp. n.
Ceneral colorationof the entire body yellow; rostrunr short, about
one-half the antenna or remainder of head; halteres and legs clear
yellow to brownish yellow; wings yellow, prearcular and costal fields
clearer yellow, stignra lacking; veins of and beyond the cord withtrichia; radial branches strongly divergent, cell R"-Roat margin vcry
broad, more than two and one-half times celli cell /sf M,
rectangular,longer than vein M i m-cu at or shortlyieyond the forfi
of M; ntale hypopygiunrwith jnner dististyle at micllengthof outcr
ntargin with a sntall cluster or crown of three blackenedspines, thelarger ones curved; outer dististyle at apex unequally bifid, thesubterminal spine acute; phallosomewith apex of aedeagus coiled;gonapophysiswith a long straight nrarginal spine.

M a le. Length, about 6.5-6.8 nltn; wing 5.5-5.7 mm;
rostrumabout0.4-0,45mm; antennaabout0.9-1.0mm. Rostrunr
short, about one-haltthe antennaor the remainderof head,light yellow, includingthe palpi. Antennaebrown; proximalf lagellar segmentsoval, the outer ones progressively
srnaller;segmentssubequalin length to their verticils.Head brownish
yellow.
Thorax uniformly light yellow. Haltereswith stem yellow,
knob very slightly darker. Legs with coxae and trochanterslight yellow;fenrorapale brown,basesnarrowlypaler; remainderof legspalebrownishyellow.Wings (FiS. l8) yellow,prearcularand costalfieldsclearerlight yellow,stigmanot indicated;veins
light brown. Longitudinalveins beyondcord and origin of Rs
with trichia,moresparseon the elements
comprisingcell lst M2.
Venation:Branchesof Rs divergentoutwardly,cell Rs at margin
very wide, more than two and one-halftimes cell Rzi cell /sf
M2 rectangular,
longerthan vein M+; m-cu at or shortlybeyond
fork of M.
Abdomen chiefly yellow, posterior borders of the more
proxinralsegmentsbroadly pale brown. Male hypopygium(Fig.
24) as shown.Basistyle,b, without a tubercleon mesalface.

340

A l e x a n d e r , A f r i c a nC r a n eF l i e s .V .

Outer clististyle,d, slender,pale, narrowed gradually to tlte
darkenedunequallybifid apex, apical point obtuse,subterrninal
sping acute; inner style distinctive,basal half broader,apcx arod, outer nrargin at near rnidlengthwitlt aslenderclecurvecl
tubercletipped with tltrec blackenedpoints, two being largcr
ancl decurved.Pfiallosomewith aedeagus,Q' coiled at apex;
gonapophysis,
S, dilatedat basc,apcx nlore narrowlyexpattdecl,
nrarginat near ntidlengthwith a long straight spinc that isabout one-halflonger than the apex beyondit'
Habitat: Nigeria. Holotype, d , Benin, Nigerian lnstittttc
NIFOR,MidclleWestcrnState,April l, 1975
Oil PalrnResearclt,(Medler).Paratopotype,6, nlountedon slidc.
This interesting-utspeciesis nanretl in ltonor of Dr. Jolrrr Tlto-tnas
nlany new and intcresting Nigerian crane flics.
Mctller, discoverer
tt is rea<lilytold fronr othei regionalspeciesby the hypopygialstructttrc,
cspeciallyitt. inner tlististyle,?s described.All otltcr spccieslack tlrc
rnarginaiclustcr of spincs occurring in tlrc llrescnt fly.

l4A. Hetius (Helius) morosus(Alexattdcr)
R h a m p h i d i a n r o r o s aA l e x a n t l e r ; A n n . J f l a g . N a t . H i s t . , ( 9 ) 6 : 2 3 - ' 2 4 ; t 9 2 l r 'Type, fetnale,Sierra Leone,October 1904 (Maior F. Snritlr); [iritish
M u s e u n t( N a t u r a l H i s t o r Y ) .
The nrale scx was unknown. A specintenf roltt L,rin-Odo,WcsternState,Nigeria, February 20, 1970 (J. T. Medler) is describcdAS allotvltc.
Allotype, 6 , Length about I nlm; wing 7 mm; rostrtttttand antcnna
about I mnr. ClraractJrsgenerallyas in the holotypefentale,as described.
Rostrunr antl antennaeJubequaiin length, about one-half longer tltan
6e maxillary palpi. AntennaCwith the basal flagellar segntentsttboval,
iegnrents progressivelylonger, subequal to their longcst
succeeding-terminal
segment cylindrical, about one-fifth longer than theverticils;
penultintate.
in tltc(Fig. 25') nrost as in .sttbntnrostt.s
Male hypopygium'ofconfornration ihe basistyteand dististyles,differing evidentlv in thc
phaltosonre.Basistyle,b, with nresal face extended into a long lobc
with numerousstrong setae.Outer dististyle,d, a ncarly straightfrovided-blackenedg,'rod, tip sinrple. Phallosonte,p, with the gonapopltyses,
tlistinctlybifid, iniluding a longer inner arm and a shorter nlorc pointetl
lateral extension;aedeagus,a, simple.
Tlre nrost similar speciesis Hetius (Hclius) sttbmoroslts(Alcxantlcr,
t 92l ), known f rorn Canreroonand Nigeria. This ltas the hypopygiurrr
generally as in the present fly, differing in details, especialll'of the[hallosonre, including the simple gonapophyses.In submorosus theiostrurl is shorter tlian in the prescnt tly, about two-thirclstltc lengtlt
of the antenna.

Studia Ent., vol. 19, fasc. l-4, dezembrode 1976

34r

ibo sp. n.
15. Dicranoptycha
Size large (wing of male 9.5 mm); prothorax and anterior thirtlo f p r a e s c u t u m l i g h t y e l l o w , r e n r a i n d e r o f t l t o r a x c l t i elfy b r o u ' n ;abdonrinalsegmentsbicolored, dark brown, bases of segntentsyelltlrv,
subterntinalsegments darker brown, lrypopygiunryellow; legs yellow,
extreme tips of fenrora brown; wings liglrt brownish yellow, cells C
and Sc clear light yellow, including the veins; Rs and cell /.sl trl..
s h o r t ; m a l e h y p o p y g i u n rw i t h o u t e i t l i s t i s t y l e n a r r o w , t c r n t i n a t i n g i r lan acute spine.

M a I e. Length,about I mm; wing 9.5 mm. Rostrumancl
palpi light hrown. Antennaewith scape and pedicel brown,llagellummore yellowed;f lagellarsegmentssltorterthan theirkrngestverticils.Head light brown.
Prothoraxand anterior third of praescutumlight yellow,
rerrtainderof mesonotumand the mesopleura
almost uniformly
brown; scutellum yellow, narrowly, darkened medially;
pleurotergite yellow; mediotergite chiefly hrown, vaguely
patternedwith yellow. Legs yellow, extreme tips of femora
lrrown. Wings ( Fig. l7) light brownishycllow, cells C and
Sc clcar ligltt yellow, includingvein Sc; no stigmal darkening;rcnlainingveinspale brownishyellow.Longitudinalveinsbeyoncl
generallevelof cordwith abundanttrichia,basadof cord the veinswith the exceptionof C and R glabrousor virtuallyso. Venation:
Rs short, slightly less tlran three times the basal section of
about one-thirclthe distal
R* , ,r; cell /sf M2 short-rectangular,
sectionof M r * si m-cu shortly beyondfork of M.
Abdominal segments bicolored, dark brown, bases ot
proxinral segmentsyellow, broader on the sternites; outer
segmentsnlore uniformly infuscated,segmentssix to eightclarkerbrown, their posteriorborders very narrowly yellow;
Irypopygiumyellow. Male hypopygium ( Fig. 26) with outerclististyle,d, small,narrow,terminatingin an acutespine; innerstyle with basalhalf dilated,outer marginproducedinto a lobe,
outer half of style a paddlelike blade, its apex ohtuse.
Conapophysis,.9, complex,iS sltown, the outer part a longf lattenedpale blade. Aedeagus,e, sltort, clarkened,the outer
sheathconspicuous.
Hallitat: Nigeria. Holotypc, I , on slicle,Ilc-lfe, Western
S t a t c ,J u l y 1 9 7 3 ( M e d l e r ) .
DicronoPt)'chaiho is named for a regional nAtive people.lt is mosl
similar to D. luteipes Alexander,differing in the coloration of the bodyand legs, the wings, antl in hypopygial differences, especially thedististyles.

342

A l e x a n d e r , A f r i c a nC r a n eF l i e s .V .
Hexatomini(Catolimnophila)subimperitasp. n.
t 6. Pseudolimnophita
Size medium (wing of female 9.5 ntnt); general coloration ofmesonotal praescutum cinnamon brown, with darker brown pattern,posteriorscleritesof notunr paler brown; pleura brownish black, r'aguel]'
lined with paler; halteres brownish black; legs with fore coxae
brownish black, remaining coxae white, their bases narrowly brownish
hlack; femora brownish yellow, tibiae and tarsi clear yellow; wings
light brown, extensivelypatterned with darker brown, including seriesof small brown spots in the subcostal and cubital fields; cell R at
nrargin more than one-half as extensiveas cell R:r; abdominal tergites
clark-brown, sternitesuniformly paler brown.

F e m a I e. Lengtlt,about l0 mm; wing 9.5 mm. Rostrttm
brown; palpi black, all segmentssubequalin length.Antennae
with scape brown, darker laterally,pedicel brownisltyellow;
flagellum broken. Head very strongly narrowed posteriorly;
vertexlight grayishbrown; anteriorvertexwith a darkenedspot
betweenthe eyes; posteriorvertex with a linear pale brown
area,narrowedbehind.
Pronotal scutunrobscureyellow with a nledian triangulardarker area, scutellum pale yellow. Mesonotal praescutttnr
cinnamonbrown, anterior border with a semicircularbrown
area, the ends obtuse,disk broadly cinnamon,lateral borders
pale yellow; on anteriorhalf with a submarginalbrown area,
broader lrehind,with two small subcircularntarks at suture;
central area with a very delicatecapillary line; scutum lightbrown, each lobe with a pale wrown spot behind the stttttre,
lateral borders more yellowed; scutelltrmbroad, pale brown;
mediotergitecinnamonbrown, posteriorborder more yellowed.
Pleurachieflybrownishblack,vaguelylined with paler. Halteresbrownishblack. Legs with fore coxaebrownishblack, remaining
coxae white, their bases narrowly brownish black; trochanterswhitened;femorabrownishyellow, tibiae and tarsi clear yellow,
outer two tarsal segmentslight brown. Wings (Fig.27) lightbrown, extensivelypatternedwith darker brown, grottnd colorof anterior border restrictedlyyellowed;seriesof small brownspots in subcostalfield and behind vein Cur, with larger
darkenedareasat origin of Rs, fork of Sc, and the large stigma;
costal cell with three dark marks before origin of Rs, slightly
smaller than the interspaces,beyond Rs the cell with threesmallerbrown areas;vein Cu with about ten brown marks that

S t t r d i aE n t . , v o l . 1 9 , f a s c . l - 4 , d e z e m b r od e 1 9 7 6

3.r3

paler brown areasat
are more extensivethan the interspaces;
veins,smallerat the wing apex; stigma
endsof all longitudinallarge, brown; cells with paler brown clotrds; veins brown,
blackenedat cord and adjoiningveins.Venation:Rs angulated
at origin, base of Rz* snn arctlated; cell Re at margin morethan one-halfas extensiveas cell Rz, petioleof cell M r short,abotrtone-halfthe secondsectionof vein M t * 2.
Abdominaltergites dark brown, sternitesuniformly paler
ottter ends
brown. Ovipositorwith cerci very long and slendc'r,
slightlyupcurved.
Habitat:Nigeria.Holotype,I , Ikoya,WesternState,January.
1975(Medler)(Calolimnophila)
The nrostsirnilarregionalspeciesis P.seudolimnophiladiffering especiallyin details ofimperito Alexancler,of th. Canrnreroon,t:olorationof the tlrrlracicclorsunrancl the wings and in the venation.

sp. n.
l7 . Pilaria perelongata
Size snrall (wing of nrale about 4.6 ntnr); general coloration ofthorax brownish yellow, pleura clearer yellow; antennaeof ntalc very
lr-rng,approxirlately four-fifths the length of the wing; flagellar segments
l v i t h a b u n d a n t e r e c t l o n g s e t a e o v e r t h e i r e n t i r e l e n g t h ; h a l t e r e sb l a c k ;legs dark brown; wings nrediunrbrown, stigma long and narrow, its
posteriorborder with a linear row of six trichia; vein S.' ending abotrt
olrposite three-fourthsRs; cell M1 subequal to its petiole; abdonten
rlark brown; ntale hypopygiunr having the outer dististyle with ottter
c n d s l i g h t l y d i l a t e c l ,a p e x a s l e n d e r d e c u r v e c sl p i n e ; i n n e r s t y l e r e l a t i v e l v
n a r r o w ; g o n a p o p h y s e sa p p e a r i n g a s c u r v e d b l a d e s t h a t a r e t t n e t l t t a lo n
the two sides.

M a I c . L e n g t h ,a b o t t t 5 n l l l l ; w i n g 4 . 6 m m ; a n t e n n aa b o u t
3.5 nlm. Rostrunr light l'lrown, palpi clarker brown, ternrinal
segment slightly lcss than thc conrbined second and tltird
segnrents.Antcnnac ( FiS. 30) rvith scape yellowed, remainder
dark brown; antennavcry loflg, about four-fifths the length tlf
wing; flagellar segrnentsvery long-cylindrical,with abtrndant
erectlong setacover the entirelength,with a still longersubbasalllristle on outcr tace; terminal segntentsmall, abottt one-fourth
the penultimate,u,ith two long ternrinal bristles. Hcacl darkl'lrown.
Thoracic clorsunrrrnifrtrmly brownisltyellow, plettra clearer
yellow. Halteresblack. Legs with coxae and trochantersyellow;
f o r e a n c lm i d d l el e g s p r e s e n th, i n d l e g s m i s s i n g ;l e g s d a r k b r o w n ,Wings (FiS. 28) mediumbrown,
tarsi not or scarcclybrightenecl.

344

Alexander,A f r i c a nC r a n e F l i e s .V .

stigma long and narrow, darker brown, extremeposteriorborderwith a linear row of six trichia; prearcularfield more whitened;veins brown. Longitudinalveins beyond generallevel of originof Rs with trichia, lacking on Cu; very sparsescatteredtrichia
over almost the entire length of vein /sf A. Venation: Sc,
ending about opposite three-fourthsRs, Sc, near its tip; Rs
in longitudinalalignmentwith Rz* z n+i Rz* s shorterthan Rz;
cell M, subequalto its petiole;m-cu at near midlengthoI Ms*a.
Abdomen dark brown, outer segments darker. Male
Itypopygium ( Fig. 33) with the tergite, t, slightly produced
posteriorly into a very low broad lobe, margin straigltt.
f)ististyles,d, about as shown; outer style, od, slightly dilated
at outer end, apex a slenderdecurvedspine; inner style, id,
relatively narrow, broadest at midlength. Gonapophysis,g,appearingas curved blades, the right hand one larger andstouterthan the left. Aedeagus,e, relativelyshort.
Habitat: Nigeria. Holotype, 6 , Ikoya, Western State,
Janrrary1975 (Medler).
The most similar regional speciesis Pilaria sordidipesAlexander,of Nigeria,where the nrale sex still is unknownto me. lt differs front
the presentfly in the dark chestnutbrown mesonotumand the brorvnish
hlack abdominaltergites, as well as in venationaldetails. All other
African specieswhere the male sex is known differ in the short antcnnaewith cluitedifferentflagellar vestiture.

I 8. Medleromyiadestituta sp. n.
General coloration of thoracic dorsum medium brown, witlrout
stripes, pleura uniformly yellowish brown; legs brownish black, tarsi
chiefly white; wings strongly darkened,veins blackened;no modifietl
setuliferouspocket in cell R,,, at least in the female sex; r'ein R*
moderatelycun'ed, cell Ro broad; abdominal tergites tlarl< hrown,sternitesobscurebrownishleltow.

F e m a I e. Length,about 8.5 mm; wing 7.5 mm. Rostrum
obscureyellow; palpi black. Antennaewith only the scapc ancl
pedicelpreserved,black. Head dark brown to brownish l'llack,
restrictedlyyellow behind the antennalfossae; anterior vcrtcx
llroad.
Prothoraxvery small in relationto size of head, brown.
Mesonotalpraescutumand scutum almost uniformly nrediunr
brown, witltout stripes or other pattern; pseudosuturalfoveac
clongate,transverse,virtually concolorius;no tuberculatepits;

S t r r d i aE n t . , r ' o l . 1 9 , f a s c . 1 - 4 , d e z e m h r od e 1 9 7 6345

darker brown, pleurotergite
scutellumand posnotalmediotergite
paler brown. Plcura ahnostunifornrlyyellowishbrown, without
pattern.Halteresslender,black. Legs with coxaeand trochanters
yellowishbrown to obscureyellow; femoraand tibiae brownish
black; proximalpart of basitarsibroadly blackened,outer end
and remainderof tarsi white. Wings ( Fig. 29) strongly
darkened,stigma darker brown, long and narrow, restrictedto
pocketNo modified setuliferous
vein Rt * zi all veinsblackened.
in cell Rs as in nigeriona.Venation: Vein Rs less strongly
broader.
crlrved,cell Rz correspondingly
Abdominaltergitesdark brown; sternitesobscurebrownislr
yellow, posteriorborders of segmentsslightly more darkened,
nlore conspicuouson the proximal segments.Ovipositorwith
ccrci brown, apices paler, elongate, powerfully constrrlcted,
slightlyupcurvedto the nearlyacutetip; hypovalvaereduced.
Habitat:Nigeria.Holotype,g , Ikoya,WesternState,January
1 9 7 5( M e d l e r ) .
Medleromyiadestitutadiffers strikingly from the genotypeMedleromyio
nigeriana Alexander (Studia Entomologica,17: 117-418; 1974) in thelack of a setuliferouspocket in cell RB of the wings and likewise in
the details of coloration, including the strongly darkened wings withblackenedveins. At the present time only a single spccimenof eachspeciesis known, representedbv the two sexes.

Eriopterinit 9. Limnophilomyia(Limnophilomyia)medlerianasp. n.
Size small (wing of male about 6 nrm); general coloration of
cntire body dark brown; antennaeof nrale elongate,flagellar se'gments
long-cylindrical,with abundant short setulae; legs brown, outer tarsal
segments whitened; wings almost uniformly dark brown, cell M,
apparently open by the atrophy of m; male hypopygium with terga-llobes slender,sternunrwith a suboval nredianlobe, laterally with dense
black spinules; basistyle with mesal face expanded, provided witlt
ahundant long yellowed setae; dististyle slender, outer fourth morenarrowed, before apex of outer margin with a long erect spine, its
t i p g e n t l y c u r v e d ; a e d e a g u sw i t l r l a t e r a l s p u r s h o r t , p a l e .

M a I e. Length,about 5 mm; wing 6.2 mm. R<lstnrman(lpalpi dark brown. Antennaeof male elongate(brokenat tentlt
segment,remaininglength 2,8 mm), dark brown; all f lagellar
segments
long-cylindricalthroughout,
withoutbasalenlargements;
vestiturevery abundant,short, the longestabout one-fourthto
one-fifththe diameterof segnrent.
Head dark brown.

346

Alexander,A f r i c a nC r a n e F l i e s .V .

Thorax (as mountedin balsamon slide) almostuniformly
dark brown. Halteresbrown. Legs with coxae and trochanters
yellowish brown; remainderof legs brown, tarsal segments

'e
4\'
il
))

A

S 1
/('

,r-wFig.
Fig. 27. Pseudolimnophila (Calolimnophila) subimperita sp. n.; venati0n.
Fig. 29. Medleromyia destituta sp. n.;2tl-. Pilaria perelongata sp. n.; venation.
venation. -- Fig. 30. Pilaria perelongatdsp. n.; male antenna, basal 7 segmenls.
Fig. 32.
(Limnophilomyia)- nigripennis sp. n.; venation.
Fig. 31. Limnophitomyia-stuckenbergiana
Fig. 33. Pi.laria. perelon.g,ata
sp. n.; venation.
Eignophornyia
Fig. 3.1. Limnophilomyia (Limnophilomyiq) llavidulasp.- n.; mile hypopygium. Fig- 35. Limnophilomf ia (Limnophilomyia\ medleriana
sir. n.; male hypopygium. FiC. 36. Limnophilomyia (Limnophilomyia), ni.gripennis
sir. n. i male h'ypoily[iunr.
( S y m b o l s , I V t a l eh y p o p y g i u m , a , a e d e a g u s ; b , b a s i s t y l e ;s i r . n . i m a l e t r-ygf,i o f i y g i u m .tergite).
gonapophysis;-p, phillosome; s', gth sternite; t,9thd, dististyles;

S t r r d i a E n t . , \ ' o l . 1 9 , f a s c . 1 - 4 , d e z e t t t l t r od e 1 9 7 6

3-r7

whitened.
Wings virtuallyuniformdark brown,costalregionvery
slightlymore darkened;veinsbrown.Longitudinalvcirtsbeyoncl
generallevelof cord and Rs with trichia,includingalso a few
on outerend of M. Venation:Rs in longitudinalalignmcntwitlt
basal sectionof Ru, the latter ntore than one-halfR3,.:ii R:
the ltasal section
at fork of Rz,B+4tR, *z slightlyexceedingof Rsi cell M2 apparentlyopen by atrophyof m (wings baclly
damagedon slide); m-cu at fork of M.
(Fig.35) larsc.
Abdomendark brown.Male hypopygitrm
Tergite, f, with posterior border produced into two rclativcly
narrow divergentarms, their apices narrowly olltuse, posteriorborder V-shaped. Sternite, s, narrow, median area witlt adistinctivestructure (as shown, subfigure); transverse,sttboval,
spinules.
outer lateralanglesdarkened,with abundantmicroscopic
Basistyle,b,large, mesalface expanded,darkened,with abtrndantvery long yellow setae;mesalface of body of style with a sinsle
row of long black setae,the outer ones smaller.Dististyle,d,about two-thirds as long as basistyle,appearingas a slendcr
gently curved blacle,outer fourth morc narrowed,shortly beforc
apex of outer ntargin with a long erect spine, its tip gently
crlrved, the spine about twice as long as the apex beyond.
Aedeagus,o, with lateral spur short, pale, the ottter portionof the organ about three tinres as krng, slendcr,apex sliglttly

dilated.
Habitat: Nigeria.Holotype, 6 , on s l i d e , O b u d t r , C a t t l cRanch, SoutheasternState, 5200 feet, Septcntller l , l { 1 7 4(Medler).
This distinct fly is nanreclfor John and Jane Mecller wlto ltal'e
added greatly to our knowledgeof the insects and f lora tlf Nigeria.
rs of tltc
The speciesis best distinguishedf ronr other regional ttrelttbeg e n u s b y h y p o p y g i a lc h a r a c t e r si,n c l u d i n gt h e t e r g i t c , s t e r n i t e ,b a s i s t y l t r
and dististvle.

20. Limnophilomyia(Limnophilomyia) flavidula sp. r1.
Generalcolorationof entire body yellow; antennaeof ntale elongate,
flagellar segmentslong-cylindrical,the vestiture short, less tlran the
diameterof the segment;wings pale yellow, veins only slightly darkcr
than the ground; male hypopygiurnwith tergal lobes very broad, apices
o b l i q u e l yt r u n c a t e ;p h a l l o s o n r leo n g e r t h a n t h e d i s t i s t y l e ;a e d e a g t t sw i t l tarnrs subeclualin length,the lateral one very slender.

M a I e. Length,about 6 mm; wing 6 mm. Types ntounted
on slidesin balsam.Rostrumand palpi pale brown. Antennae

348

Alexander,A f r i c a n C r a n e F l i e s .V .

of male elongate (broken at seventh segment); flagellar
segmentslong-cylindrical;vestituredenseand very delicate,very
short to microscopic;longestsetae about one-half to two-thirds
the segment;antennadark brown. Head yellowed.
Thorax and abdomenyellow to pale brownishyellow.Haltercs
and legs yellow, terminaltarsal segmentsslightly ntore wltitened.
Wings pale yellow, veins only slightly darker than the ground.
Male hypopygium(Fig.34) with lobes of ninth tergite,t, verylrroad, separatedby a U-shaped emargination;apices of lobes
obliquely truncate, with relatively f ew inconspicuoussetae.
Basistyle,b, with vestitureof outer face abundantbut pale ancl
mesal face nearly glabrous. Dististyle,d, abottt
inconspicuous,
one-half as long as basistyle,gently ctlrved otttwardly, apex
Q, longer tltan
subtruncateto very slightly emarginate.Aedeagtrs,
the dististyle,lateralarm unustrallylong and slender.
Habitat: Nigeria. Holotype, 6 , on slide, Obttdtt, Cattle
Ranch, Southastern State, 5200 feet, September I , 1974
(Medlcr).
Limnophilomyia (Limnophilomyia)flavidula is readily told b)'tlrc
yellow colorationof the body and wings, in antennalvestittrre,flnd in
the hypopygialstnrcture,especiallythe tergal lobes,styli and phallosontc.

21. Limnophilomyia(Limnophilomyia)nigripennissp. 11.
Generalcolorationof body dark brown; antennaeof rnale elongatc,
with long black verticils;
proximalsegmentsof flagellumlong-cylindrical,
wings strongly blackened,cell M) open by atrophy of m, m-cu at orclose to fork of At; male hypo-pygiumwith tergal lobes hroad nntl
flattened,mesallywith long black setae; mesal face of basistylenearly
glabrous; dististylea slender blade, the apex a sntall point; aedcltgtts
with arms unusuallyshort and stout.

M a l e . L e n g t h ,a b o u t6 m m ; w i n g 5 m m . R o s t r t r ma n d p a l p i
ctark brown. Antennae of male elongate (broken at fotrrtlt
segment),dark brown; proximal two flagellar segmentslongcylindrical,with unusuallylong black setae,the longest nearly
twice the diameterof segment.Head dark brown.
Thorax dark brown, apparently paler laterally. Haltcrcs
clark brown. Legs with coxae and trochantersbrown; remaindcr
of legs broken.Wings ( Fig. 3 t ) strongly blackened,especiallyin costal region, including celts C and Sc and the ottter radial
f ield in cells Rr, Rz and Rsi veins darker brown, with long

Studia Ent., vol. 19, fasc. l-4, dezembrode 1976349

black trichia.Trichia on longitudinalveins behinclR, including
heavilylight gray pruinose.
also the outer ends of Rs, M and the extrenteouter end of
lst A. Venation:Rz shortlybeforethe radial tork; cell M2 opcn
by atrophyof m; m-cu at or closeto fork of M.
Abdornendark brown throughout.Male hypopygium(Fig.
36) with the lobes of ninth tergite, t, appearing as broadf lattenedsubtriangularblades,inner portionsand posteriorenclof tergite with long black setae.Basistyle,b, with mesal facenearlyglabrous,with only a few scatteredsetae.Dististyle,d, a
slenderblade, slightly wider on outer half, apex a very small
ptrint. Aedcagus,u, with both arms unusuallyshort and stout,
as sltown.
Habitat: Nigeria. Holotypc, 6 , oll slide, Owetta, Forest
Reserve,WesternState, September1974 (Medler).
The present fly is distinct in thc cnlorationof thc botly attd rvings
and in the details of hypopygial structure,especiallythe dististylc antl
phallosonte.
For discussionsof the genus Lintnophilomy,isAlexander,see the two
papers by the author, Ruwenzori Report, p. 335-338; I956, coverlng
the tropical African species,and South African Aninral Lifc, l0: -102-405;
196-1,treating the South African fauna.

22. Eugnophomyia
sp. n.
stuckenbergiana
Sizc largc (wing l0 nrrn); entire body black, head above lightgray pruinose; halteresblack; legs with trochantersand fetttora yellow,
tibiae and tarsi black; femora and tibiae with abundant very longand conspicuouserect setae; wings dark brown, with large white areas,
including a narrow transverse band before cord; wing base notycllowed

M a le. Lengthabout l0 mm; wing l0 mm; antennaabout
4 mm. Female.Length about I I mm; wing l0 mm; antenna
about 4.5 mm. Rostrum black; palpi light brown. Arttennae
rvith scape yellow, darker above, pedicel light yellow; f irst
f lagellar segment yellow basally, outer half slightly darker,
r':mainingsegmentsdark brown to black, flagellarsegmentstwo
and threeslightlyyellowedbasally;flagellarsegmentslong-oval,
shorterthan the longestverticils.Head black, the broad vertex
Thorax black, praescutumand scutal lobcs ltighly polished,posteriorscleritesof notum and the pleura sliglttly pruinose,
medianregionof scutumpaler. Pleurapolishedblack. Halteresblack. Legs with coxae black, trochantersabruptly yellow;

350

Alexander,A f r i c a nC r a n e F l i e s .V .

fcnrora ycllow, extrcmc tips blackened,nrore extensiveon the
postcriorpair; tibiae and tarsi black; femora and tibiae with
abundantlong erect setae,theseexceedingthe diameterof thesegnrents,on the yellow f emora the setaesomewhatpaler thantltose on the darkenedtibiae; tarsal vestitureshorter,especiallyon the outer segments;claws slender,simple.Wings ( FiS. 32)
clark brown, the basenot yellowed,conspicuously
patternedwith
white areas, as follows: a nearly completeband before cord,
extendingf rom R to posteriormargin, narrowly interruptedby
a seamalong vein Cu; basad of cord with major areas in cell
R bcforc origin of Rs; marginal areas in both Anal cells, in
2nd A with a brown spot at near midlength;beyond cord thecclls alnrostuniformly brown, with nrajor white marginal areasin cells MB and M+i small white markingsnear midlengthof
cells R+ ancl 2nd Mr, more conspicuousin the holotype;veinsbrown, slightly paler in the white band before cord. Venation
abotrt as shown for the allotype specinten;MB* + subequalto
M +i vein R9 at fork of R, *,,* + in holotype,in allotypeslightly
lnore distant,leavinga sltort clementR, * r.
Abdonrenuniformly black, with abundantlong erect black
setae.
Habitat: South Africa. Holotype, 6 , Town Buslt,
Pietermaritzburg,
Natal, November 1959 (Brian and Pamela
Stuckenberg); type in Natal Museum, Pietermaritzbttrg.
Allotopotype,9, with type.
This attractive speciesis nanred for Brian and Pamela Stuckenbcrg
who have added materially to our knowledge of the Tipulidae of South
Africa ancl Madagascar.The nrost sinrilar speciesis Eugnophontyiaturneri(Alexander), Rev. Zool. Bot. Af r., l9: 358-359,f ig. 23 (wing) ; 1930,
of Pondoland, Natal, which similarly has the fentora yellowed andwith the wing base darkened,as in the present fly. This is a sntaller
fly with the details of coloration and leg vestiture quite distinct front
tlte present fly.

23. Gonomyia(Lipophleps)boki sp. n.
G c n e r e r lc o l r t r a t i o nd a r k b r o w n , ' r e s t r i c t e d l yp a t t e r n e d w i t h y c l l o w ;knobs of halteres darkened;legs with femora light brown, with a broad
subternrinaldark brown ring; wings light brown, costal f ield yellow,
stignra darker brown, cell R.r present; male hypopygium with twtr
dististyles,the outer one a long slender rod, inner style shorter, about
one-half as long, terminatingin two straight blackenedspines; phallosome
complex,lateral arnrs producedinto short blackenedincurvedarms, central
projectionslonger, halter-shaped.

StucliaEttt., r'ol. 19, fasc. l-4, dezembrode 1976

351

M a I e. Length about 5 ntnl; wing 4 nlln. Rostrttmand palpi
clark brow. Antennaewith scapc and pedicel darkenedabove,
paler beneath,tlagellum light brown (outer segmentsbroken).
Head chiefly dark brown.
Pleura chiefly dark brown, pleura varietated with paler.
Haltcres with stem palc, knod brown. Legs with coxae andtrochantersbrown; fenroralight brown with a broad sttbternrinal
clarkbrown ring, about three tinresas extensiveas the pale apex;t i b i a e l i g h t b r o w n ; t a r s i b r o k e n .W i n g s ( F i g . 3 7 ) l i g h t b r o w n ,stigma darker brown; costal f ield light yellow, nlore extensive
before and beyond the stignra; cord vaguely seatttedwith palehrown; vcins light brown. Venation: Cell Rs present,small; vein
Rs short, about one-tonrtltR+; m-gtt shortly before fork of M.
Abdornen dark brown, vaguely paler literally. Male
hypopygium (Fig. 4l) with two terminal dististyles, d, tlte
outer a long slender rod that exceedsthe basistylein length;
inner style about one-half as long, slightly stottter, apex
forking into two straight blackened spines. Phallosotlle'P,
complex, about as shown; lateral arms produced into short
blackenedincnrvedspines;central projectionslonger, appearing
halter-shaped,the outer ends dilated. The inner structttres,
are not figured.
includingaedeagtts,
Habitat: Nigeria. Holotype, 6 , on slide, Uhontora-Ora,
Middle Western State, November lg74 (Medler).
The specificname, boki, is that of a native Nigerian people.Other
regional speciesof Lipophlepsthat ltave cell R.J of the wings retained
and with the hypopygium having two dististyles, include Gonomvin(Lipophleps) ekiti Alexander, Nigeria, G. (L.) noctahundaAlexander,
Kenya, Nyasaland, Transvaal, Cape Province, and G. ( L.) nyasae
Alexander,Nyasaland,all with the hypopygiumqtrite distinct f ront tlte
p r e s e n tf l y , e s p e c i a l l yt h e i n n e r d i s t i s t y l ea n d t h e p l t a l l o s o n t e .

24. Gonomyia (Lipophleps) edo sp. 11.
Sizc very sntall (wing t-rfnrale lessetltart 3 nutt); generalcoloratiolto[ body dark brown, pronotunr and pleura patterned with wltite;h a l t e r e sa n d l e g s b l a c k ; w i n g s p a l e b r o w n , v e i n s d a r k e r , S t ' e n d i n g
shortly before origin of Rs,' nrale hypopygiunrwith three dististyles,
the outer short, less than one-half the internrediatestyle, its apicalh a l f n a r r o w e c li n t o a s l e n d e r s p i n e ; p h a l l o s o n r et e r n r i n a t i n gi n t w oflattenedyellow blades; lateral nrargin on both sides beyond rnidlengtlt
w i t h a s n r a l lb l a c k s p i n e .

M a I e. Length about 3 rllnr; wing 2,8 mrlr. Rostrunt,palpi
ancl antennaeblack. Head brownish black, sparselypruinose.

352

A l e x a n d e r , A f r i c a nC r a n eF l i e s .V .

Pronotumwhitened,the color continuedbackwardalongtlte sides to the wing root. Mesonoturnbrownish black, very
sliglttly pruinose,sides of scutellunrand parascutella
obscureycllow. Pleura ntedium brown, with an obscure whitened
longitudinalstripe fronr the fore coxae to base of abdomen,
widenedbehind,includingthe dorsal sternopleurite
and rneron.
Halteresblack. Legs with the fore coxaedarker,obscureyellow
or brownishycllow; trocltantersofbrownishyellow; renrainder
legs brownishblack. Wings ( Fig. 38) alnrostunifornrlypale
brown throughout,veins slightly darker brown. Venation: Sc'
ending shortly before origin of Rs, Sc, slightly removedI
remainderof venationas shown;m-cu at fork ol M.
Abdonrendark brown,with vaguenarrow pale lt-rngitudinallincs. Male hypopygium( FiS. 42) with three dististyles,d, tlte
outer, od, less than one-halfthe intermediatestyle, base oval,
outer half narrowedinto a long straight point; intermediatestyle,ntd, long and slender,slightlynarrowedto the obtusetip;
inner style, id, oval, with strong setae, including the usualp, pale yellow,basal
slightlylongerpair of bristles.Phallosome,
two-thirdsbroader,apex irrcludingtwo flattenedyellow blades;
lateral rnargin of style on either side with a snlall blackcned
spinouspoint.
Habitat: Nigeria. Holotype,6, on slide, Unruahia,East
Central State, Cocoa ResearcltInstitutc,ncar Bcnde,April 9,1975(Medler).
The specific name, edo, is that of a native Nigerian tribe. J'lterc
are rather numerousgenerallysinrilar regional rnentbersof the subgenus
that differ f rom one another chiefly in lrypopygial characters,thesc
includingGonontyia(Lipophleps) bata Alexander,G. (L.) ekiti Alexander,
G. (L.) ibo Alexander,G. (L.) iyala Alexander,and sonlc few others.

25. Gonomyia(Lipophleps)iyala sp. n.
G e n e r a l c o l o r a t i o no f t h o r a x d a r k b r o w n , v a r i e g a t e dw i t h p a l c ;w i n g s b r o w n i s hy e l l o w , p r e a r c u l a ra n d c o s t a l f i e l d s l i g h t y e l l o w , s t i g n t a
not differentiated,cell R., lacking; abdontenbrown, ntale hypopygittltt
with three dististyles,thd intermediateone deeply divided, inner styleslender,with scatteredpale setae; phallosonreat apcx with tra'o sntall
pale dclicatespines.

M a I e. Length about 4 mnl; wing 3.3 nlnl. Rostrunrancl
parpi brown, terminalsegmentof latter about one-halflonger
than the subtriangularpenultimatesegnrent.AntennaebrownStudia Ent., vol. 19, fasc. l-4, dezembrode 1976353

pedicelenlarged,about threetintesthe scape;proximalflagellar
segmentdilated, the secondstout, succeedingsegmentslongcylindrical,the proximaloneswith the usualvery long verticils.
Headlight brown.
Pronotumlight brown. Mesonotumdark brown, especiallyand scutum;pleurabrown, slightly stripedwith
the praescutum
pale.Halteresand legsbroken.Wings (Fig. 39) with prearcular

S[/,
4t

nd

'

/

Fig. 37. Gonomyia (Lipophteps) boki sp. n.; _ venation.-;l-!g. :fQ. .Gonomyiu(Lipophleps) edo- sp.
Fig. 39. Gonomyia (Lipophleps) iyala sp. n';- n.; venation.
venation.' Fig. 40. Gonomyia (Lipophleps) perattenuato sp. n.; venalion. =. .Fig. 41. Gonomyia (Lipophlebs) boki sp. n.; male hypopygium
fig. 12.
Gonomyia(Lipoihleps)-edosp.n.;malehypopygiumn.; male hypopygium. -- Fig. .44. Gonomyia (Lipophlep-s)
Qipophleps)' iyaia ip..
-male
(Symbols, Iltale hypopygiu.m,b, basistyle;peiatienuatd sp. n.;hypopygium.
-d,dististyles; g, gonapophysis;id, inner dlstistyle; nrd, middle dististyle; od, outerdististyle;-p, phallosome;f, gth tergite).

354

Alexander,A f r i c a n C r a n c F l i e s .V .

and costalfieldslight yellow,remainder
slightlydarkerbrownislr
yellow,stigmanot evident;veinsbrownishyellow. Longitudinalveins beyondcord with small trichia, lacking on Cu and theAnals.Venation: Sc short, Sc,. endingbeforc origin of Rs, Sc,
near tip; cell Rg lacking;outer branchesof Rs divergent,ccll
RB at margin about three times as extensiveas cell Rzi nt-cu
at fork of M.
Abdomen nrediunr brown, including hypopygium. Male
hypopygium( Fig. 43) with three dististyles,d ; outer style,od, a long slenderspine,narrowedoutwardlyinto a blackened
point; intermediatestyle, ntd, deeplydivided,outer arm a very
slenderyellowspine,narrowedgraduallyto the acutetip, innerarm more than one-half as long, pale, outer end blackened,narrowed and gently curved into a point, provided with a few
small setae;inner style, id, a simple straight rod or lobe, withseveral long delicate setae, especiallyalong lower margin, thefasciculateterminal seta scarcelydifferentiated.Phallosonle,tr),tnassive,apex with two snrall pale delicatcrecurvedspines.
Habitat: Nigeria, Holotype, 6 , on slide, Ile-lfe, WesternState, August 1974 (Medler).
The specific nanre, iyala, is still anotlrer native Nigerian people.
Tliere are a few regional speciesthat have tlre phallosornegenerally
as in the present fly, differing especiallyin the dististyles.The nrost
sinrilar such species is Gonontyia ( Lipophleps) ibo Alexander, aslightly larger fly that differs in the lack of cell R., of the wings andin the hypopygialdetails, especiallythe dististyles.Ttrc larger G. (L.)
calyce Alexander,of the RuwenzoriRange, Uganda, has the venationa n d h y p o p y g i u mg e n e r a l l ya s i n t h e p r e s e n t f l y , d i ff e r i n g i n d e t a i l sof tlre hypopygiunr (see Alexander, RuwenzrlriReport, I 956, p. 331,
fig. 156).

26. Gonomyia(Lipophleps)perattenuata
sp. n.
Size small (wing of ntale 3.5 mnr); generalcolorationof nresonotun.r
light gray pruinose,scutelluntwhitened;pleura blackenedwith a narrow
whitened longitudinal stripe; legs with femora dark brown, extrenret i p s w h i t e n e d ;w i n g s p a l e b r o w n , p r e a r c u l a ra n d c o s t a l f i e l d s p a l ey e l l o w ,d i s k w i t h a p a l e b r o w n p a t t e r n ,c e l l R . , l a c k i n g ;n r a l eh y p o p y g i u r nwith tltree dististyles,the outer and internrediateones elongate,subeclualin length, the outer style with distal half a very long slender spine;
llhallosonrecomplex.

M a I e. Length about 4 tnnt; wing 3.5 mm. Rostrunland

palpi black.Antennaebrownishblack, pedicel,dorsalsurfaceof

Studia Ent., r'ol. 19, fasc. 1-4, dezenrbro
de l976355

scape and proxirnal two flagellar segmentsyellow; f lagellar
segments
with very long verticils.Posteriorvertexlight yellow,
central part extensivelydark brown.
Dorsunt of pronotum whitened, the pattern extendedbackward over the extreme borders of praescutumand
dorsopleuralregion as a narrow whitened band to the wingroot. Mesonotumblack, light gray pminose,scntellumabruptly
whitened,its central basal part restrictedlyblackened.Pleura
blackenedwith a narrow white longitudinalstripe on the dorsal
sternopleuriteand meron extending f rom the fore coxae tobelow the baseof halteres.Haltereswith stem dark brown, knob
chiefly whitened,with a darkenedbasal band. Legs with all
coxae white; trochantersobscureyellow; femora dark brown;
tarsi broken.Wings (Fig. 40) pale brown, prearcularand costal
f ields pale yellow; stigma and a seam over the cord very pale
brown, on either side of cord with very vague pale areas,thecord somewhatdarker; remainingveins pale brown. Venation:
Sct ending oppositeorigin of Rs, Sc, slightly removed;cell Rrlacking; m-cu variablein position,otr one wing of type about
one-third its length before fork, closer to fork on the otherwing.
Abdomcn pale brown, the segments vaguely striped
longitudinallywith darker brown and obscure yellow lines;
hypopygiumbrown. Male hypopygium(Fig.44) with three
dististyles,d, the outer and intermediateones unusuallylong,subequalin length; outer style, od, dilated on basal half, theouter end a long very slender spine; intermediatestyle, ntd,long and slender,the diametersubequalthroughout;inner style,id, attached to base of intermediatestyle, relatively Iong,p, complex,3s shown,broadestat near midlength.Phallosome,wideneddistally,
includinga pair of flattenedpale apophyses,
and a lower pair of apophysesthat terntinate in slender
blackenedpoints.

Habitat: Nigeria. Holotype,6 , Ile-lfe, Western State,
November21, 1974 (Medler).
The ntost similar regional species is Gonontyia ( Lipophleps)
ntilangensisAlexander, w h i c h h a s t h e h y p o p y g i u ms o n t e w l t a ta s i n t h epresent fly but witlt all details distinct. The venation likewise isdifferent, cell RB being present but small.

356

Alexander,A f r i c a nC r a n e F l i e s .V .

27. Erioptera(Erioptera)inusitatasp. n.
Head polished black, eyes of nrale very large; thorax yellow,
patternedwith brown and black, most intenseon the posteriorpleurites;
wings light yellow, with a pale brown pattern before and beyond thecord; abdomen yellow, outer segments darker; male hypopygiurn
distinctive,especiallythe basistyle and inner dististyle.

M a I e. Length about 6 mnl; wing 5 mm. Head withtttouthpartssmall, dark brown, palpus blackened.Antennaewith
scape and pedicel brown; f lagellum broken. Head very large,
upper parts polishedshiny black; eyes gigantic,black; anteriorvertex relativelybroad.
Pronotum concealed by the massive eyes. Mesonotunt
polished yellow; praescutummedially, scutal lobes, scutellum,and central part of mediotergitepolished pale brown. Pleurawith propleurabrownishyellow; ntesopleuratinged with brown,
especiallyventrally,on anepisternum
with a large whitened area
tltat appears to represent a nornral condition, beneath thisnarrowly darkened;posteriorpleuritespolishedblack, including
the metapleura,nleron slightly paler. Haltereswith stem ligltt
yellow, knob brownish black. Legs with coxae and trochanterslight yellow; remainderof legs broken. Wings light yellow,
prearcularand costal f ields more saturatedyellow; disk with anextensivepale brown patternthat includesrnajor subtriangularareas before and beyond the cord, the latter slightly nlore
extensive;veins in the yellowedf ields light yellow ,sliglttly
darkerin the patternedareas.
Abdomenyellowedbasally,outer segrrrents,
includingthe
seventltand renrainingones, blackened,patternedwith yellow,
witlt
includingthe broad lobe of the ninth tergite;hypopygiunr
the styli chiefly yellowed.Male hypopygium( Fig. 45) with thetergite, t, extendedinto large outer lobes that are directed
laterad,their apiceswith abundantshortyellowsetae.Basistyle,b, on mesalface at apex extendedinto an elongatelobe thatterminatesin a strong spine.Outer dististyle,od, straight,theapex a relativelysmall club with very abundantmicroscopicrougheningsand reducedspinulesarrangedin very delicate
parallel rows; inner dististyle,id, distinctive,base enlarged,
clividedinto two anlls that arc longer than the base,tlte largcr
axial arnl with thc outer half expandedinto a lobe, its apex
pale setae; outer arm shorter,with abundantinconspicuous
appearingas a long very slender spine that lies generallyg,parallel to the axial arnl. Phallosomewith the apophyses,

StucliaEnt.. vol. 19, fasc. l-'1, dezentbrode 1976

357

spines,the acutetips black.Aedeagus,
appeanngas long recurvede, with the paired apical points strongly recttrved,as in thesubgenus.
H a b i t a t :Nigeria.Holotype,6 , Ile-lfe,WesternState,Marclt
9, 1975(Medler).
Other regional nrembers of tlre genus having tlre wing patterngenerally as in tfte present fly include Erioptera (Erioptera) angolana
Alexandbr, of Angola, E. (E.) badicincta Alexander, Nigeria, E. ( E-)
bequaertiAlexander,Zaire, and especiallyE. (E.) megolops Alexander,. artictrlar
N i g e r i a , a l l d i ff e r i n g c o n s p i c u o u s l iyn l r y p o p y g i a lc h a r a c t e r s P
atiention is directeit to the hasistyle and the inner dististyle of theprcsent f ly.

28. Erioptera(Meterioptera)beninensissp. n.
S i z e s n r a l l ( w i n g o f r n a l e 3 n r n r ) ; S e n e r t l c o l o r a t i o no f h e a d a n dt l t o r a x c h i e f l y g r a y ; r o s t r u n rl i g h t y e l l o w ; w i n g s g r a y , v e i n s l i g h t b r o w n ;r n a l e h y p o p y g i u n rw i t h i n n e r c t i s t i s t y l ed i l a t e d b a s a l l y . w i t h n l o r e t h a n
t l r e o u t e r h a l f a l o n g s l e n t l e rs p i n e ; p h a l l o s o m ew i t h l a t e r a l a p o p h y s e s
p r o c l u c e di n t o s l e n d e rs p i n e s ,i n n e r a p o p l r y s i ss n r a l l c ' r .

M a I e. Length abotrt 3 nlnr; wing 3.2 mnl. Rostrttntlightyellow, palpi black. Antennaebroken. Hcad gray.
Cervical region blackened.Pronotum light gray. Mesonotal
praescutumdark gray, httmeral region yellowed; three poorly
cfcfined clarker stripes; sctttttm gray, lobes scarcely darker;
scutellumobscureyellow posteriorly,slightly more darkenedinf ront; postnotal mediotergitelight gray with a darker central
fine. Pleura brownish gray with a vagut' paler gray longitudinal
Halteres withstripe on pteropleuriteancl dorsal sternopletrrite.
stem light yellow, knob brownish black. Legs with coxae andtrochantersyellow; rentainderof legs broken.Wings gray; veins
light brown. Venation: R, * s r I abottt one-half longer than basal
section of R:,i m-(u close to fork of M; vein 2nd A sinttotts
at about the ottter three-fottrths.
Abdomen brown, eighth segnlentdarker. Male hypopygiumd, as shown; inner style, id, witlt( Fig. 46) with ttre clististyles,
base dilated,with nlore than the outer half a slenderspine, thenarrow blackenedtip acute. Phallosome,p, with longer lateralapophysesacute at tips, inner apophysesshort and broad, apices
slender.Aedeagtts,Q, profotrndlybifid.
Habitat: Nigeria. Holotype, 6 , Benin, Nigerian Institttte
Oil Pahn Research,NIFOR, Middle Western State, April l,
1 9 7 5( M e d l e r ) .

358

Alexander,A f r i c a n C r a n e F l i e s .V .

Erioptera (Meterioptera) beninensisis most readily told from otherregional membersof the subgenusby the small size, gray wings, andespeciallythe hypopygial structure, including the inner dististyle andgonapophyses.The ntost sintilar regional species is E. (\fl.) nigrospica
sp. n., describedin the presentpaper.
MeteriopteraAlexander (Philippine Journ. Sci., 53: 402-463;lg34)
was proposedas a subgenusbut very possiblymay be found to represent
a valid genus,with strong charactersin antennalstructure,interpolated
modified setae on the legs, and in the hypopygium.There are rather
nunrerousspeciesin the Oriental and Ethiopian regions.

M6

u5

46

.n

\fi"
+8

.a

J\.0

9s /g
4g

Fig. 45. Erioptera (Erioptera'y inusitata sp. n.; male hypopygiunr.
Fis. 46.
Erioptera(Il1eterioptera)beninensisSp.n.;ma|ehypopygiunr.
(Itleteriopteral nigrospic.a -sp. n.; male hypopygium.
Fig. 18. Sty'ringimyia
cerbereana sp.. n.; male.^hypopygium-.
Fig.
4-9.
styringomyia
f urcilera sp. h.;( S y m b o l s , . M a l e _ .h y p o p y g i u m , a , a e d e a g u - s 1h., b a i i s t y l e ;ryalg. .hyp-opygiut.
d , d i s t i s t y l e s jg , g o n a p o p h y s i si;d , i n n e r d i s t i s t y l e ; o d , o u t e r d i s t i s t y l e ; p , p h a l l o s o h r e ;s, gth sternite; f, tergite).

StucliaEnt., t'ol. 19, f asc. 1-'1,tlezentbrode 1976

359

nigrospicasp. n.
29. Erioptera(Meterioptera)S i z e s m a l l ( w i n g o f m a l e a b o u t 3 n r m ) ; g e n e r a lc o l o r a t i o no f h e a d
on slide dark brown; wings brownish yellow, costal
and thoracic cloisurnregion clearer yellow; apical tleflection of vein 2nd A relatively long,i n i i u d i n g a b o g t t h e d i s t a l t h i r d o f v e i n ; m a l e h y p o p y g i u mw i t h t h elateral lpophysis of phallosonredilated on ottter half, the apex ablackenedspine.

M a le. Lengthabotrt3.5 mnl; wing 3 nlm. Female.Length
about 4 mm; wing 3.3-3.4 mm. Mouthpartsand palpi darkbrown. Antennaein male l3-segmented,with ten segments
beyondthe basal f usion segment;in fentalewith two segments
elongate.
segments
involvedin the fusion:verticilsof intermediate
Head brown.
Thoracic clorsttm brown, pleura paler. Halters yellowed.

Legs with coxae and trochantersyellow; remainderof legs
broken. Wings pale yellowish brown' costal region narrowly: Apical deflected
clearer yellow; veins pale brown. Venation
portionof vein 2ncl A relativelylonu, includingabotttthe distal
third of the vein.
Abdomendark brown. Male hypopygitrnr( Fig. 47) about
as figured,the most distinctivefeaturebeingthe lateralapophysis'or interbasewhich has the outer halt dilatedla, of the phallosome
lleneath,the apexextendedinto an acttteblack spine.
Habitat: Nigeria. Holotype, 6 , on slide, Umuahia,East
CentralState,April I l, 1973.Allotopotype'I ' Paratopotypes,
4 9 9 , o n s l i d e s( M e d l e r ) .
Tlre present fly is nrost readily told f rom other Af rican ntembers
phallosome'cliaracters,especiallyof the subgenus by hypopygial-slmilar. thespecies in Nigeria is Erioptera
as described. The most
( Meterioptera) pergracilisAlexander, with tlre lateral apophysesquitedistinct.
StYringomYini
StyringonryiniAlexander; crane-flie-sof New York, Part ll, cornell
Llniveriity-Rgiicultural ExperimentStation, Memoir 38: 957-969; 1920.

30. Styringomyiacerbereanasp. n.
General cotorationof entire body black, head, and praescutttmmore
gray pruinose; legs black, posterior tarsi white, the ottter segntent
iaii..n.o; wings iirongty daikened, especially the anterior border ot
the radial field, with a rtirt<erclouclover r-m; cell 2nd M, sessile;male360

A l e x a n d e r , A f r i c a nC r a n eF l i e s .V .

hypopygiumwith tergite distinctive,narrowed outwardly, terminating
in a broad lobe; sternitewidenedbasally,outer half narrowed.with twoslightly separatedstrong setae;inner lobe of dististyleand the aedeagus
distinctive,as described.

M a I e. Length about 6-6.5 mm; wing 3,6-4 mm.
Female.Length about 6-6.2 mm; wing 3.4-3.6mm. Headand appendages
black, vertexvaguelymore pruinose.
Thorax black, praescutumwith a vague central gray line,
scutal lobes extensivelygray. Halteresand legs black, posteriortarsi whitened,terminalsegmentdark; middletarsi with segments
paler brown, bases narrowly more whitened.Wings strongly
darkened,nlore intenseon cephalicborder of radial f ield; alarge comparabledarkeningover r-nt, especiallyin cell Rr.
Venation:Cell 2nd M2 narrowlyto more broadly sessile; m-cuabout its own length beyondthe fork of M; vein 2nd A curved
to the margin.Costalfringeof malerelativelylong,setaedelicate.
Abdomenblack. Male hypopygium(Fig.48) with tergite,t, distinctive,
terminatingin a broadlobe that is furtherexpanded
at apex,surfacewith abundanterectdelicatesetulae.Sternite,s,broad basally,outer half strongly narrowed,apex entire, with
two slightly separatedstrong setae.Basistyle,b, with an apicalseta f rom a long basal tubercle.Dististyle,d, with outer arm
slender,especiallyon outer two-thirds,at near midlengthwith
aboutf ive delicatesetae,outervestitureweak and smaller;innerstyle with two separatearms, the outer one narrow, apex witha comb of about 20 closely approximatedelongatedenticles;
inner lobe large,triansularin outline,outer margin with a long
black basal lobe and a small obtusetriangularpoint on outermargin; at base of style with a strong yellow spine, curved
outwardly,narrowedto a point, as shown. Phallosome,p,complex,terminatingin two pairedcurvedlobes,their outermost
marginsblack.
Habitat: Nigeria.Holotype,6 , on slide, Benin, Nigerian,
NIFOR, Midle WesternState,April
InstituteOil Palm Research.
7 6 9 , with the type.
I , 1975 (Medler).Paratopotypes,
Stl,Tinnomyiacerbereanais most sinrilar to tlre following Af ricart
species,S. ingranti Edwards, Gold Coast, Nigeria; S. leucopezaEdwards,
Mozambique,Nyasaland, South Africa; S. nigrisoma Alexander, Zaire,
Nigeria; S. ohscuricincta Edwards, Gold Coast; S. solocipennis
Enderlein, Madagascar; S. spinistyla Alexander, Cameroon, Zaire; andS. stuckenbergiAlexander, South Africa, Natal, differing from all in
details of hypopygial structure, especially the tergite, sternite anddististyle.

Studia Ent., vol. 19, fasc. l-4, dezentbrode 1976

361

3l . Styringomyiafurciferasp. n.
Generalcolorationof head and thorax yellow,patternedwith darker;
proximal abdominaltergites brown, wings yellowedat base and anterior
third, renrainderlight brown; a very restricteddarker brown pattern,includingchiefly a darkenedcloud over r-m; cell 2nd M2 petiolate,vein
2nd A curved evenly to margin, without spur; male hypopygium witlt
sternite narrowed into a long stem that forks into slender arms;
dististyle with outer arnl long, slender,with very sparse weak setae;
phallosomea simple rod that terminatesin a blackenedpoint, nearlrase with a pair of darkenedwinglike expansionsand a slender palc.
rod directedoutwardly.

M a I e. Length about 7 mm; wing 5.3 mm. Rostrum andpalpi yellowisltbrown. Antennaewith scape and pedicel lightbrown; flagellar segmentsbrownish yellow, ends slightly paler.
Head trrownisltyellow.
Thoracic dorsum brownish yellow, pattcrned with brown,tlte pleura nrore extensivelyyellowed.Halteresbrownishyellow.
Legs with coxae and trochantersyellow; remainder of legs
broken.Wings with base and anteriorthird yellowed,remainder
light brown; a very restrictedslightly darker brown pattern,chiefly as a vaguelydarkeneclcklud over r-m; veins on anterior
part of wing yellowed, remainderbrown, slightly darker on
r-ffi, distal two-thirdsof Cu and 2nd A. Venation: Cell 2nd Mz
pctiolate,the petiole (Mt ., * r) more than one-third the outerend of cell /sf M 2 ( basal sectionof M s) ; m-cu at near onethird Me* +i vein 2nd A evenlycurvedto nrargin.
Abdominaltergitesone to f ive brown, the posteriorborders
narrowly darker; segmentssix and seven with broad darker
brown posterior borders; hypopygiumyellow. Male hypopygium( Fig. 49) with tergite, t, long, apical fourth more narrowed,
terminatingin a small rounded knob, margin with very dense
short orangesetae.Sternite,s, broad basally,outwardly narrowed
into a long stem, at outer end forking into slenderarms, eachtipped with a subequalblack seta. Basistyle,b, with apical lobe
lrearinga subequalblack spinoid seta; style at base on mesal
face with two long lobesthat bear numerousdark delicatesetae.
Dististyle,d, with three branches,the outer one a long slenderarm bearing three microscopicshort setae placed at intervals
near midlength,with a slightly longer more basal seta nearer
the base on outer margin; intermediate
and inner stylesabout asfigured, each with an apical marginal seriesof short blackened

spines,arrangedabout as shown.Phallosome,p, with the main

362

A l e x a n d e r , A f r i c a nC r a n eF l i e s .V .

body narrowedgraduallyinto a blackenedpoint, near basewitha pair or darkenedwing-like expansions,on margin with aslenderpale rod, directedoutwardly.
Habitat: Nigeria. Holotype, 6 , on slide, Obudu, Cattle
1, 1974(Medler).
State,September
Ranch,Southeastern
Styringomyd.f urcifera is quite distinct from other generally similar
regionalspeciesin the male hypopygialcharactersespeciallythe sternite
and phallosome.In the deeply forked sternite it is most similar to
species such as S. medleriana Alexander, Nigeria; S. serristylata
Alexander,Cabon; and S. variegataEdwards,Uganda,Tanzania.differingin other characters,including the dististyle and phallosome.The latterstructureis more as in S. fulani Alexander,Nigeria, and S. Obuduensis
Alexander, Nigeria, which otherwise are quite distinct in hypopygial
features.