r B A " - : : r I oNs}dE\AI ZFAIANDVOL U M E

55,

pp.

INSTITUTE,
6 4 r-660.

of New Zealand.
Studieson the Crane-flies,

Tipuloidea.
Part I : OrderDipera,Superfamily

BY

CHARLES P. ALEXANDER,
Dcpartrnentof Entomology,Ma$achuretb Agricultural Cotlege,Amherrt, Massachuretts,U.S.A.

ISSUED

28TH

AUGUST'-W ELLI NG T0N'
lf,

A.

G.

$XINNEI'.

N' 2 . :GOVI]IiN[IUNT

L924.

1924.

PIiIN'f

l Ti.

641

Studi,es on the Crane-fl,'iesof New Zeal,and,: Part 7-Order
Superfamily Ti,pul,o'il1,ea.

Diptera,By Cnari,r,osP. Ar,pxeNonn, Department of Entomology, Massachusetts
U.S.A.
Agriculiural College,Amherst, Massachusetts,
Communicatedby J. W. Campbell.
l.Read,belore the .Philosophical, Institute oJ Canterburg, ith December. 1923 ; receiaeil bg
Eclitor, 15th December, 1923 : issued separu'teig, 28th August, 1924.1

INrnooucrros.
Tsn crane-flies, or Tipuloiclean flies, are well known to all entomologicalstudents and collectors in New Zealand.,passing often under the vernaoularname of " daddies" or " daddy-long-legs." The designationof the southern
Maori for these insects would seem to be te-tatau-o-te-whare-o-Maui,or, translated, " the door of the house of Maui," a dcrivation which is
not readily explainable (Beattie, Iran's. N.Z. Inst., vol. 52, pp. 53-77,
1920). The general appearanceof many of the groups and speciesin the
Dominion is very striking-as, for example, the magnificent orange-andblack species oI Macrom,astin, the green species of the same genus, theabundant species of Gynoplisticr',the large and showy Cerozodiae withflabellate antennae in the male sex, and the relative abundance of speciesoI Tanyderus, a very primitive genus which elsewherehas proven excessively uncommon. Our knowledge of the Tipuloidea of New Zealand.
received its greatest impetus upon the publication in the last volume ofthese Transact'ionsol Edwards's revision of the species,in which all of thespeciesand data availableat the time of writing the paper (1921)are mostcapably presented.
The great increase in our knowledge of these flies during the past few
years has rendereclit advisable to publish a seriesof papers upon this generalsubject in which the more involved genera can be revisealand figured, thedetailed lists of speciesfor the various provincesanil districts given, the cranefly fauna of the two Islands critically compared, and similar data presented.
In the present article the writer wishes to out'line the stagesin the historicaldevelopment o{ our knowled.geof the crane-flies of the Dominion, and to
append a bibliography of the papers relating to these flies that have been
published to date. Moreover, since a great number of the species thathave been describedhave been based upon a single sex, or even upon asingle specimen,it now seemsd.esirableto diagnoset'he opposite sex of certainof these species and to designate an allotypic specimen. These allotypes
are discussedin the concluding portion of this paper.
CnnoNor,oercar,Dnvsr,opMENToF oun Kuowr,EDGEor rnn Cnexn-rr,vor Nnw Zoar,aNo.
n'eur.I-e.
l{ever has the knowledgeof the crane-fly fauna of a country beenilevelopecl
more rapid.ly and efficiently than has that of New Zealand during the past
half-clozenyears. This is due largely to disinterested collecting of virtually
all of the entomological students of the country. At the end of 1918 theentire known Tipuloidean fauna of New Zealanil consistedof but fifty-sevenspecies; the total number now known to the writer is more than 350, andadditions are constantly being made.

642

Transactions.

G. V. Hudson, veteran student of the insects of the Dominion, and himself
the authprity for several species of New Zealand crane-flies (1892, 1895,
1913c, 1920c),* supplied the greater part of the nraturial for the first serious
efiorts to make this fauna known. A small part of this material, together
with additional specimens collected by Helms anrl llutton in the South
Island, became tle property of Osten - Sackcrr, txrt worc, unfortunately,
Iargely undescribed by this pioneer student of cranr'-flics, thtr 6nly species
that he nrade known from this abundant matcrial lx:,ing'l'rttrqderusforc'ipatus(1880), Cerozodiapilumosa (1887), and Discobola dolt,nti,and I). rrtnrsta (1894).
The next Hudson collection was turned over to 0aptain Ii'. W. Hutton,
and made the subject o{ the first comprehcnsivereport orr tlrtrsr'flics (1900).
The total number of species recognized by Hutton at t,lris tirrrc rvas fortyfour, of which twenty-five are described as new in this palrt'r. Other
crane-flies described from New Zealand before thc beginning ol lhc l.wcnticth
century are few in number. The entomological collerctions ol 1,lr('\,oyageof the " Astrolabe " included no Tipulidae and very fcw l)irrtclrr, rrrost ofwhich are wron gly det er m ined in t he r epor t . A [ e w s c a l l , 'r , 't l s l ) r '( 'i . sw {'r edescribed by Walker (1848, 1856), bascd largoly on tlrc collccl,iorrsrnadc
bv Dr. Andrcw Sinclrir ncar AuckLrrrrl in llJ4l-r. Sclrirrcr (ltt(il{) <;apably
discu sscd th tr collt r c t ionsr r r lr lt , lr y t lr c t ' r r lor r r o l o g i s l ,osl l , l r r , t , x 1 x 'r l i l i o no f
thc Anstrian frigatc " Novara,." Nowicki (lil75) rlt'sr:rilx'tllris Muttotttustir
hol,ochl,ora,
collected by Edwards, and long sunk as :r syrr()nyr) of LI . n'ilri,rlis(Walker) but now known to be distinct. Butler (1875) addcd thc di'ss1i1)1i6rl
ol Dicronomyia fumipennis, based on a manuscript description by Whitc.
Hutton (1881) described Mauomast'ir uu,lpina, while in the same year
Westwood characterized Gynoplistia wakef,eldi. In 1882 Mik published an
excellent account of the Diptera collected in the Auckland Islands in 1879
by Krone. Kirby (1884) described several additional species collected by
Sinclair.
In 1902 Hutton characterized four additional Tipuloidea, increasing his
list to forty-eight.
Lamb (1909) described the crane-flies from the subantarctic islanils collected by Hudson (1909). Alexander (1920) reported
upon the Osten - Sacken collection of crane-flies kindly submitted by Dr.
Walther Horn and now in the Berlin-Dahlem Museum.
At about thissame time Hudson sent to the British Museum a large portion of the duplicatesof his fine collection of these flies, which were reported upon by Edwards(1923e) in a paper that the present, writer would chatactetize as being themost valuable review of this group of flies that has ever appeared. In thispaper Edwards recognizes a total of 159 species, of which ninety-two aredescribed as new. Seven additional species were supplied by Hudson anddescribed by Edwards later the same year (1923n).
Subsequent collecting in the Dominion has demonstrated that Hudson's
collections, as studied by Edwards, were exceptionally rich in large andmedium-sized species, but that the small and obscure forms were not sowell represented. Thus the genrs Molophi,lus, oI which only flve species
were known to Edwards, now includes more than fifty species, and bids fair
to become one of the largest genera in the Islands. The great increase in
our knowledge of these small and medium-sized forms came subsequently
to 1920, when Mr. Thomas R. Harris, in the North Island. and Mr. James'W.
Campbell, in the South Island, and others, became interested in collecting
these flies.
* Dates in parentheses refer to the bibliographv.

Jr,rxaxopn.

Stulies on the Crune-f,ies of l{ew Zeulatul.

6,'lji

The many lesser subsequent collections have been described in the seri.sof papers by the writer cited in the bibliography (Alexander, l92l-"23).
M. Andr6 Tonnoir's coliections (i921-23) have not yet bcen recorded irr
print.
DpscnrprroNoF ALLorypIC

SpEciIMENs oF NEl,rr Znlr.axo

0nexn-rr,tos.

A considerable number of the crane-flies described by Hudson, Hutton,
Edu'ards, Alexander, and others were represented by one sex only, somctimes by a single specirnon. It is very desirable that t'he opposite sex
be rnade known, especially in the nurnerous cases where the descriptions
rvcre based upon the female. In the present paper the writer describes
the unknown sex of certain of these species. many of which have norv
For the type o{been found to be widely clistributed in'the Doninion.
this opposite sex the rvriter uses Muttkowski's t'erm " allotype " (Bull.
Pub. Mus. Milwaukee, vol. 1, p. 10, 1910). Certain Arnericam entomologists, especially those connected 'with the National lluseum, have rccently
maintained that a specimen to be an allotype must be selected from the
Muttkowski's
original series of specirnens, either co-types or paratypes.
original description states, " If the protolog describes only a holotype male,The
the flrst female subsequently described is to be callcd the allotype."
following year Muttkowski (Ann. Ent. Soc. Arner., vol. 4, p. 207,l97T) restated
his opinion of an allotype, and made it clear that this type may be based
Since
upon material collected at any subsequerrt date to that o{ the type.
this definition exactly fits thc corrtlitions rnct in the present paper, thervriter can see no need for thc ternr " ncallotype," proposed as a substituteterm by thc above-mentioned entomologists.
In the following descriptions the Tillyard nodification (Proc. Lintt.
Soc. N.S.W., r'ol. 44, pp. 533-718, 1919) o{ the Courstock-Needham systcnr
of lring-venation is used. The terminology of the parts of the male hypopygium is that o{ Crampton (Trans. Ent. Soc. Anr,er'.,vol. 48, pp. 207-25,
1923). The figures of hypopygia are made {rorn specimens cleared anrl
mounted on slides. Allotypes described in the present, paper are preservedin the wriicr's collcction'.friboLrrrNosrrsr.
Dicranomyia

fasciata Hutton.

Hutton, Trarts. N.Z. Insf., vol.32, p.34.
1900. Di,cru'nomy'ia'fasc'ictta
1923. D'icronomyia fasc;,ata Hutton: Edwards, ibiil'., vol. 54, p. 277.
Hutton's type, a fernale, was {rom Christchurch : Edrvards had nrr
The speoies is widely distributed in the Southadditional rnaterial.
Island (Canterbury, Westland, Otago, Southland), rarer in the North
Island (Ohakune, Wellington).
Length, 6 rnm. ; wing, 9 mm.
Allotype.-y.
Antennae black throughout ; flagella'r
Rostrum and palpi dark brown.
segments oval, terminal segment more elongate. Head brown, gr('-\''Mesonotal praescutum grey with thrct
pruinose, especially anteriorly.
brown stripes more or less confluent, anterior ends of lateral stripes bt'rrl,laterad to margin of sclerite, restricting ground-colour to humeral trianclls
and a small lateral spot' before suture; seutellum da,rk, caudal tttrrrgirr
greenish-testaceous. Pluera brown, grey-pruinose. Halteres btorvrr, lr,rsr'
of stem broadly greenish-testaceous. Legs dark brotrn, thc cr.ixtrrrs1rt,rs,'l.ypruinose, trochanters more greenish, tibiae and tarsi ltassing into lrl;rr'li

6+4,fr,pxlNoon.-Studies

Transact'ions.

Wirrgs groyish sublryalinc with extensive palc-lrrrrurr r,rrr'liirrgs,tlur morec orrsPictu rttsllri r t g il1, or igin o{ Rs , c om pic t c i " ' 1 t ; r r , , 't s i t r gr , , 'l l l t ; a t 'sligrn rr,; tlorrg colt l at x l out c r ent l of c ell ls t M r ; s l i g l r l l r ' 1 , ; r l , 'rr , l o t r d sa tt,ru ls of lon gitu c linal v c ins , t t t os t ex t ens iv e in a r t a l c t 'l l s . \ 'r 'r r r r l i o t :t S c ,cndirig a short distance be1'ond origin of Rs, this distatuu' sliglrtll v:rrirlble,
Sc, just before this origin; lr,-cu shortly before the forl< ol' \'1. i\lrrlotrtt'tr
dark brown, posierior margins of ouier sternites indistinclll prrl,'; lrypot:rtclL
pygium dark. Male h5'popygium (fig. 1) with basistyirs c1'lirr,lrir,rrl.
with squat hemispherical lobe on mesal {ace at base, this lobr'l,t'rrrrirurlingin small tubercle set' with a pencil of setae ; mesal face of irlsisl,i'1,, lrrovided with nunlerous very long porverful setae. Ventral distisl.ylr, sitrr;rL',a fleshy lobe unprovided rvith a rostrum; dorsai disiistyh a verv sl,rrrlrgll'
curved chitinized hool<. Gonapophyses with nlesal apioal anglc tr, slightlv
crrrr.ed, {eebly bifid, chi'r,inizedrod.
r\llotylrc, 3 , Git'norchr', Otag-o.a.ltitudc l,2t)0 ft. ; 4th Januarv, l1)2il(0. O. l'enu;ir:lt).
Dicranomyia

aegrotans Etlrvards.

1923. Dicranonlyia aegrota?i,sEd$'ards. 'l'rrr.tts. N.Z.
pp. 280-81, p1. 27, fig. 22 (rving).

Itnt., r'ol. J'r4,

Ed'rvards's typc rvas based on the female specirnen lrcntiorit,rl, buf not'l'hedescribed, by Walkcr (List Di.pt. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, p. 45, 1848).
type-locality is unknown. Widely distributed in both Islands.
Allotype.-6.
Length, 6'5 mm. ; wing, 8'3 mm.
Similar to female, difiering as follows : Basal flagellar segrnents pr-ri}Iesonotal praescutum with very
{orm, outermost, passing into oval.
broad and distinct medium brown stripe, lateral stripes paler and ill-defined.
confluent internall,v ivith rnedian stripe; scutal lobes rvith dark centres.
Pleura heavily light grey. Legs with feniora rather unifonnly dark brown,
tibiao and basitarsi a littie paler.
Wings as described for femaie ; baseof cell 2nd A strongly infuscated, coloration following distad aiong vein Cu.
Venation: Sc, ending just beyond origin of Rs, Sc, sorne distance frorn
its tip and very short, Sc, alone about equal to ?l?-czr; Rs nearly threetimes basai deflection of Ra+s; cell lst M, norrnaliv open by atrophyoI m. Abdomen dark browr, including the hypopygium.
Male hypopy$um (fig. 2) characteristic of the species. Basistyles with the mesal
apical angie produceci caudad into siender fingor-like lobe that terminates intrvo iarge setae and one or two smailer ones ; mesal face of basistyle very
densely seiiferous, Dististylc single, simpie. base enlarged, mesal face at
apex produced into conspicuous, chitinized, slightly curved rostrum bcaring
tu'o long spines just before nrid-leirgth, these spines directed strongly basad.
Gonap_opysespale, mesal apical angle produced caudad into short black
curvecr sprne.
Allotype, 3 , Ohakune, Wellington, altitude 2,060 {t. ; 15th October,l92l (T. R. Hanis).
Dicranomyia

repanda Edivards.

1923, Diuanomgin repanrla Edrvards, Trotts. N.Z.
p. 278, pl. 27, fig. 17 (wing).

Inst., r-o1. 54,

Edwards's types consisted of three males-tl-o taken by Hudson near
'Wellington,
the third by Dr. Andrerv Sinclair and mentioned but noton the Crone-flies of NcLu Zc,ilrrtrt[

u l.l'l'lrisdescribed by Walker (List Dipt. Brit. Mus', vol. 1, p. 57, 1848)'
very distinct and hancisornecrane-fly is widely dis'"ributed in both Islir,n'ls.
Length, 10'5 mn. ; wing, 13'4 mm.
Allotype.-Q.
Diffcrs lrour male oni-t' iir the foilowing respects : Basal segrnolt ()lMesonotal praescutrttrr
scaDe concoiorous rvith reuainder of antenna.
ahnost covercd by four nearly confluent black stripes, interspaces fainil.ypruinose; lateral rnargins of praescutlm reddish-brorvn. Pleura hcavily
covered v,'ith microscopic iight-grey pubescence that appears like a bloorrrLegs u.ith the brown femoral ring
Haltercs ochreous, knobs dark brown.
Abdominal tergitcs
subequal in cxtent to the orangc apex beyond it.
Ovipositor witlr
dark-brown, paler sublaterally ncar base of segnents.
gcnital segrnent obscure orartge; terga]-valves relatively srnali but straigJrt,
sternal valves ending near tnicl-letlgth of tergal valves.
lst Octobet, 1921.
Allotype, $, Ohakune, \\ieilington, aititude 2,060ft.;(T. R. Haruis).
Dicranomyia nigrescens Hutton.
Huttou, Trans. Ii.Z.Itisf., vol. 32, p. 34
l9OO. Dicrattonryia nigresca'rzs
Edt'ards, ;biil., vol. 54,
1923. Dicranotnyia nigrescems Hutton:
PP. 281-82Cointiron in parts ol
Iluttorr's type, a fetlale, rvas frorn \\rellington.
Canterbury and Oiago.
Allotype.-- g . Length, about 7 tillr. ;-rving, u'5.mtir. _. ^,Agreeing cl,oseiy .*-ith Hutton's brief description, difiering chiefly irr
sexual charactcrs.
Iledian area of scuturl a little paier tharr rernainder of rnesonoturn.
Femoral bascs narro\,r.ly aird indistinctly paler. Stigma scarcely darker
than rerna,inderof wing. Sc, ending opposite origin oJ Rs, Sc, alone shortcr
than m-cu; Rs arcuated ai origin, about trvice the basal deflecbion of
R,+. i ce l l 1 st M " sh o r i - r o cta n g u l a r , sh o r tn r th a r r a ttl ' o f ve i n s i ssu i n g{rorn"it: til-cu at or close to fork of I\[. Abdornen brownish-black, includMale h1'popygium (fig. f)- wltn ninth tergite
ing hvpopygium.
-{istinctt"varea ncar caudai margin with abundant setae. Basistyles
biiobcd-, ii.[iu.rsmall, iresai face of each produced into conspicuous stout lobe. Ventral
dististyle large and fleshy, mesal face produced into short rostrum arrnerl
with trvo subiequal erect spines, situated not far from base. Dorsal disti.style a gently. curved spine that narr-ows gr-adually into-an acute point'
Gonupoplyr"s with mesal apical angie produced caudad into a gentll'
curved lobe.
Allotype, ;1, Gienorchv, Otago, aititucle 1,200 ft' ; 4th January, 1923
(C. C. Fenwick).
Discobola gibbera Edu'arrls.
t923. Di,scobolaEibbera Edu'ards, Trans. I{.2. Ict'st.' vol.54, p. 286,
Pl. 28, fig. 29 (rving)'
Edwartls's type, a female, rvas from -Tisburv-, Southland,-collected irr
The fl1- has since been take' in the Provinccs .f
19lb by philpdtt.
Wellington, Westland, Canterburl', and Southland.
Length, 8'5 mm..; rving. 9^'5mm.
Al,lotype.-|.
Gene,raliy similar to fcDralc, difiering as follows : uedian are:r,of pnr,,scutum broadly dark brown, widening behind and suffusing postrrrior
Mesopleura almost entirely sliinv blacl<. Alxl,rsclerites of nesonoturl.
ninal tersites brownish-black, caudal llargin distinctlv, trttrliillt irr('it,rrrt)trl

tt46

Ar,oxaNoen.-Stuclies on the Qrane-fies of l{ew Zeala,ntl.

g,dbMel-n Hvporvote
on Spnctng ol Norv Zlar,l.No Cne..lo-turs,
Ftg.
F lg.
l. Dioranomyi,a fasciata Hutton.
ll. Anryshineurus subfahr,uisAlexander"
2. D. aegrotans Erlwards.
l?-. A. .fatuus (Hutton).
3. 1). nigrescens Hutton.
13. Aphrophil,a neozelandica (Edwards)4. Di,scobolagibbera Edwards.
11. Pol,ygmori,ct,nigrocirwl,a (Ddwards).
5. M olophihts cnt ciJerus Alexander.
15. Limno,phil,el,laserotina ( Alexander).
6. M. pulcherrimas Edu.ards.
16. llgno'plisti,a pedestris Edwards.
7. XI. partu.lus Alexander.
17. G. arthuriarza Edrvards.
8. M. Tthilpotti Alexander.
18. Atarha tiridicolor Alexander.
9. A'rnph,i,neuru,slzorzi Edwards.
19. ,1. f.Iicornis Alexander.
10. Gonomyi,a nigrohalterata Edwards.
20. Eleph.anton gio ze.aland,ica Edwards..
Explelrerrora, aodeagus.
b, basistvle.
d, distisiyle.
f, interbasal process.

oF SyMBols.

i.d., inner dististl'le.
17,gonapophy'se.
1.b., lelt basistyle.
l.il,, lef t clististl4e.

647

648

Ar,nxeronn.-Studies

Transactirtns

649

dististyle relatively slender, apex bifi.d, lateral arn dilated into a bladc,
mesal arrn a gently curved obtuseiy rounded lobe. Basal dististyle conspicuous, appearing as a broad flattened blade, apex {eebly expanded intr-r
spear-shapedstructure, Iateral margin of head thus {ormed lvith a seriesof about a dozen acute and slightly recurved teeth; this appendage isdarkened, though not blackened, except on basal third which is pale.
Aedeagusrelatively short and stout, apex suddenly narrowod.
Allotype, 6f, Ohakunc, Wellington, altitude 2,060ft. ; 10th October,l92l (T. R. Hami,s).

diffusely obscure yellow ; str:rnites similar, but dark areas more confined
to sides of sclerites. Ilalc hypopygiurn (fig. 4) with ninth tergite feebly
emarginate caudally, median area without setae. Basistyles about as iongas ventral dististy'le, mosai face produced caudad into cylindrical lobe thainarrows gradually to a,pex, wbich is slender and attenuated. Ventral
dististyle moderaiely llcshy, rostrurri bcaring two chitinized projections,apical.one more spine-like_butbearing two tiny sotae,the othei piojection
subapical,feebly expandedat apex; what rray rcl)rcsentdorsal distist;'leis a small, almost straight rod at basc of outer face of ventral style.
Gonapophysesslcndcr, apical angle produced into a long, feebly sinuous
point, the two apophvsestogether appearinglyriform.
Allotypc, g, Governor'sBay, Christchurch,Canterbwy; 27th November,
1922 (J. F. I'opley).

Molophilus pulcherrimus Edwards.
1923. Molophilus pulcherrinius Edwards, Trans. N.Z. Inst., vol. 54,
p. 295, pl. 28, fig. 45 (wing).

Tribe Enroprenrur.
Molophilus multicinctus Edwards.
1923. Molophilus multic'inctus Edwards, Trans. N.Z. Inst., vol. b4,
p. 295.
lldwards's types, males without exact data, collected by Wakefield in
1q8q. The fly is one of the commonestand most widely distributed speciesof the genus in the Islands, having been taken in Wellington, Westland,
Canterbury, and Otago.
All.otype.-Q. Length, about 4 mm. ; wing, 4 mm.
Difiers from male only in sexual characters. Antennae brownish-black
wiih shorter flagellar verticils. Mesonotum dark brown, sides of pronotum
pale yellow. Felioral annuli yellowish,white, other rings puie-white;basitarsal ring occupying little more than half lengtlt of segment.
Ovipositor wil,h trrrgal_valves elo_ngate,acicular, rather sirongly upcurved,
tips acute; sternal valves straight.
.Westland;
Allollqe, 9, Coal Creek Track, Greymouth,
13th n'ebruar,v,
1923 (T. R. Harri,s).

on the Crane-f,i,esof liew Zealand.

II

Edwards's type, a female,taken at Wellington in Decemberby Hudson.
This beautiful littie crane-fly is now known to be widely distributed inboth Islands (Auckland, Wellington, Nelson,Westland, Canterbury,Otago).
Allotype.-f,. Length, 3'2 mm. ; wing, 4 mm.
Generallysimilar to description of female, differing as follorvs: Scutal
lobes with dark centres; soutellum shiny brownish-black. X'ore femora
dark, except at extreme base, densely coveredwith appressedblack setae
so fore femora appear black in contrast with other legs. Abdomen darkbrown, hypopygium brorvnish-ochreous.llale hypopygiurn (fig. 6) withbasistylesrelativc'ly stout, each terminating in chitinized beak that bears asmall shoulderbefore apex. Outer dististyle chitinized, deeply bifid, outerbranch weakly toothed at apex. Basal dististyle a stoui, ahnost straight,
chitinized rod that terminates in a powerful spine directed laterad, mesal
face before this spine with abundant appressedspinulae; a small spine
on lateral face of style near two-thirds length. Aedeaguslong and slendcr,
alrnost straight, gradually narrowed to acutc apex.
Allotype, d, Mount Ruapehu, Wellington, altitude 4,500ft. ; 27tll
n'ebruary, 1922 (T. R. Hanis).

t
Molophilus cruciferus Alexander.

Molophilus parvulus Alexander.

1922. Molophi,lus cruc,iJerzsAlexander, Ann. Mag. NaL Hist. (g),vol. 9, p. L47.

1922. Molophilus paraulu.sAlexander, Ann. Mag. Iiat. Hist. (9),vol. 9, p. 146.

. 1'!" -typ", a female, taken by Miller in Thermal Springs region,
Auokland.
Thc fly is now known to occur in parts of Auc[land-and
trVellington- This species,as well as the three following, belong to a large
and difficult aggregation of New Zealand crane-fliesl,ha1 I have called t[eplagiatus grortp. The members are separated chiefly upon combinations
ol size and coloration, venation, and the details of structure ol the male
llpopygium, especiaily the shape of the basal dististyle, although the outerdististyie, apical spine of the basistyle, and the aedeagusfurnish additional
details.
Allotype.-9. Length, about 3.6 mm. ; wing, 4 mm.
Difiers from female chiefly in sexual characters. Pleural region damaged
in the yniqxe type, very conspicuous,dorsal pleurites covered by broad
bro-wnish- black longitudinal stripe, ventral pleurites and mesosternum
yellowish, silvery pruinose. Male hypopygium (fig. 5) as in plag,iatusgroup ;-Outerapical bcak of basistyle a moderately elongate chiainized spine.

The types, fernales,were from Ohakune,taken in November, 1920, byHanis. I have not seenthis speciesexcept from this locality.
Allotype.-9. Length, about 2'8 mm. ; wing, 3'4 mm.
Base of R2a3 ver/ faint to atrophied. llale hypopygium (flg.7) rvith
apex of basistyle produced into long slenderchitinized spine, surroundingbase of which are numerous small setae rvhioh pass into larger setae orlface of style. Outer dististyle relatively short and stout, bifid at apex,
lateral arm a conspicuousflattened blade, apex dilated and truncatc,
extreme outer ansle weakly toothed ; mesal or inner arm an acute curv()dspine, apex acutS; basal"half of this style pale. Basal dististyle palu,
only apical third blackened,tapering gradually to acute gently curved tip,
before apex with sparse appresseddenticles.
('l'. R.
Allotopotype,d, Ohakune,altitude 2,060ft.; lst Decernber,7922
Harris).
fnset-Crane-flies.

650

Ar,sxlNlnn.-Studies

Tramsactions.

1922. AmphineurussubfatuusAiexander, Ann. Mag. Not. Hist. (9),vol. 10, pp. 87-88.

1922. Molaphi,l,usphilpotti Alexander, Ann. Mag. I{at. Hist. (9),vol. 9, pp. 145-46.

i

Amphineurus (Nothormosia) horni Edu'ards.
L923.Arnphineunt horni Edwards, Trans. N.Z. Inst., vol. 54, p.294'
pl. 28, fig. 44 (wing).
Edwards's type, a female, was from Wellington, collected by Hudson.
The fly is very common, occurring in both Islands (Wellington, Canterbury, Otago).
All,otype.-g. Length, about 2'8 mm. ; wing, 5 mm.
Difiers frorn female chiefly in sexual characters. Head dark grey.
Antennae elongate, longer than body, dark btown, siapal segments a
Iittle paler ; flagellar segments fusiform, near mid-length o{ each withnumerous elongate erect verticils. Mesonotum greyish-brown, sides ofpraescutumsomewhatdarker; pseudosuturalfoveaeelongate,shiny black.
Halteres dark brown, base of stem conspicuouslyochreous. Legs withcoxae and trochanterstestaceous; femora brown. Abdomen dark brown,
genital segment brighter brown. Male hypopygium (fig. 9) with ninth
tergite heaviiy chitinized, appearing as two clivergent chitinized horns.
Basistylesrelatively stout, outer apical angle proilucedcaudad into slender
digitiform setiferous lobe nearly as long as longest dististyle. Whatappears to be a basal dististyle, but may be an interbasal process, is along, sinuous, heavily-chitinizedrod, directed caudad, apex acute. Outerdististyle complex, longest element a pale elongate blade arising from anenlarged base whose surface appears squamose,at its base with a small
curved chitinized appendage,apex expandeil into truncate hatchet-shaped
blade, outer margin with acute spine (thumb). Aedeaguspale basally,strongly bent before apex, subtended on either side by flattened bladelike gonapophyseswhich terminate in a slender black spine ; viewed
dorsally or ventrally, apical third of each gonapophyse more blackened
than base ancl bent strongly mesad so tips are nearly contiguous on
median line.
Allotype, S, Ohakune, Wellington, altitucle 2,060ft. ; 3rd November,1921 (T. R. Harris).

651.Amphineurus (Nesormosia)subfatuus Alexander.

Molophilus philpotti Alexander.

The types, females,rvere taken in the Province of Nelson by Philpott.
The speciesoccurs in both Islands.
Length, about 3'7 mm. ; wing, 4'4 mm.
Allotype.-}.
Very similar to female, difiering chiefly in sexual characters. Antennae
short, flagellum dark brown. Abdomen more uniformly brownish-yellow
than in type. Male hypopygium (fig. 8) with apical spine of basistyle
relatively short and only feebly chitinized, not blackened. Outer dististyle very much as in M. cruciferus, I'he stem stouter. Basal dististylepale, only extreme tip darkencd, apex suddenly narrowed and provided
with sparseappresseddenticlesthat passinto small setaebasally. Aedeagus
long and slender,straight.
Allotype, d, Mount Ruapehu, Weilington, altitude 3,700ft. ; 6th
January, 1922 (M. I{. lYatt).

on the Crctne-f,iesof ]{ew Zealand.

il

il

The. type, a female, was taken at Ohakune, Wellington Province, by
Harris. The fly is known only from this province.
Al,I,otype.-9. Length, about 5 mm. ; wing, 7 mm.
Agrees closely with t'ype female, differing only in sexual characters.
Male hypopygium (fig. 11) with ninth tergite (t) squarely truncate, deeply
split medially by a narrow incision, surface and margins of lobes finely
spiculose, lat'eral shoulders more spinous. Basistyles with asymmetricaldistist'yles, as in subgenus. Right basistyle (r.b.) produced apically intolong curved black spine arising from an enlarged setiferous base ; the single
dististyle of this side (r.d.) an irregular darkened blade, the surfaee withsmall scattered setiferous punctures and bearing a small glabrous winglike projection. Left basistyle (1.b.) is produced apically into a verystrongly clavate fleshy lobe not unlike that found in A. fatuua but is
extended into a weak spine. Dististyles of left side two in number, theoutermost (o.d.) a chitinized rod, apical half slender, strongly burved andbearing a hyaline setiferous membrane in its concavity ; second or innerstyle (i.d.) an acicular rod, sparsely hairy especially on mesal face nearbase, apex very feebly dilated. Gonapophyse(g) a pale-yellow blade that
gradually narrows to apex, swface densely setiferous. Aedeagus(a) nearly
as in ,4. fatuus, narrowed immediately before apex.
In ,4. (N.) fatuus (Hutton) (fig. 12) the asymmetry is less marked,
apical lobes of basistyles(b) being nearly alike on the two sides; dististyleof right side (r.d.) is bifid, the two arms closely appressed,the obtuse
arm with t'iny setiferous punctures. The two dististyles of left side very
dissimilar in shape, the outermost (o.d.) heavily chitinized, narrowed intoa beak that is bent strongly upon itself and acutely pointed ; face of
this style with a seriesof comb-like teeth or pegs; seconclor inner style(i.d,.) at acicular rod profoundly bifid, the two arms unequal. What
Edwards describesas the aedeagusseemsrather to be a gonapophyse(g),the other being much reduced. The true aedeagus(a) is very similar tothat found rn subfatuus. Ninth tergite (l) has lateral lobes long, obliquely
truncat6, margins and apices of lobes smooth.
Allotopotype, g, Ohakune,Weilington, altitude 2,060ft. ; 22nd November, 1922(7. R. Hani,s).
The degree of asymmetry in male hypopygium of the two species of
Nesormosiais very surprising, being somewhat more marked in subfatuus
than in fo,tuus because of the conspicuous difierence in apical lobes ofbasistyles. Frorn specimens of su.bfatuusreceived from Mr. Hudson andcollectedat the time ancl place of capture of the type of,4. (1[.) niueinerais
Edwards, I am strongly of the opinion that the latter name must beplaced in the synonymy oI subfatuus.
.Gonomyia (Lipophleps) nigrohalterata Edwards.
1923. Gonomyia(Li,pophleps)nigrolta,lteraloEdwards, Trans. N.Z. Inst,.,vol. 54, p. 290, pl. 28, fig. 38 (wi"g).
Edwards's type, a female, was taken at Auckland in September,1906,
bv Wesch6. The flv is irot' uncommon in the central and northerrr
portions oi t'he North Island.

652Transactions.

Allotype.--9. Length, about 4.5 mm. ; wing, 5'5 mm.
Agrees closely with female. Rostrum scarcely brightened. Scutellum
bright yellorvi postnotumdarkenedon posteriorhalf. Pleural stripe narrowextendingfrom cervicalscleritesto postnotum. Abdominal
but conspicuous,
tergites dark brown, sternites and hypopygium obscure yellow.' Male
hypopygium (fig. 10) with basistyles relatively small, apex of each producedcaudadin blunt, setiferouslobe. Dististylestwo-one a blunt,.fleshy,
setiferous lobe that' terminates in a powerful fasciculate seta, the othermore chitinized,with a short acute black spinenear mid-tength,this spine
shorter than the apex of style beyond it. Gonapophysesslightly asymmetrical, long and slender. Dististyles of one side broken, and it cannot
be stated whether or not the hypopygium is asymmetricalas in the relateil
G. (L.) l,ongispinaAlexander.
Allotype, S, Taumarunui, Auckland; 24th Decembet, 1922 (f . R"
Hatis).
Astelobia rufa (Hudson).
1895. Tipula nr/tr Hudson, I'rans. N.Z. Inst., vol. 27, p.294.
1900. Gnophontyiarufa Hutton. ibid., volr 32, p. 39-40, pl. 4,
fig. 13 (wing).
L920. Gnophom,yi,aru,fa Hutton: Hudson, ibid., vol. 52, pp. 32-33,
pl. (col.) 1, figs. 7-9 (larva, pupa, adult).
1923. Gnophonty'io(Astelobia,)ru,fa Edwards, ibid., vol. 54, p. 298,.
pl. 28, fig. 48 (wing).
types,
males, were taken in dry forest near Wellington.
Hudson's
Although Edwards discussedthe femalesex, he did not designatea specimen
as allotype.
Allotype.-Q. Leng-tli, 28 mm. ; wing, 19.3mm.
Characters as in male, differing only in sexual characters. Tergal
valves of ovipositor long anil slender, acutely pointed, strongly upcurved
beyond mid-length.
Allotype, 9, Wilton's Bush, Wellington; 15th November, 1908 (C. 7.
Hud,son\.
Describedfrom a perfect specimenin my collection, received throughthe kindness of Mr. Hudson.
Aphrophila neozelandica(Edwards).
L923. Gnophomyia (Aphroph'ila) neozelan
ilica Edwards, T r ans. I,{.2.
In s t.,v o l .5 4 , p .2 9 8 , p I.2 8 , fig.47 (w i ng).
Edwards's type is a female, taken at Otira Gorge by Hudson. The
speciesis widely distributed in both lslands, being known {rom Weilington,
Nelson,Westland, Canterbury,and Otago.
Length, 6'5 mm. ; n'ing, 11.5mm.
Allotype.-!.
Agrees closely u'ith female. Flagellar segrnents cylindrical. Femora
paler basally. Abclomen purplish-black, extreme caudal margins of segments indistinctly paler, this better marked on subterminal segments.
Male hypopygium with basistyles relatively stout. Single dististyle (fig. 13)
is a broad, flatteneil blade, apex terminating in two acute teeth and amore obtuse lobe ; caudal or outer margin on basal third is denselyprovided
with coarseblack setaedirected strongly basad; surfaceof blade likewise
provicled with setae and microscopicsetulae. Base of aedeagusdensely
set with conical spinulae.
Allotype, 4f, Glenorchy, Otago, altitude 1,200ft. ; 4th January, 1923
(C. C. Fenwick).

Ar,nxeNorn.-Studies on the Crane-f,i,esaf New Zealand,.

653

Tribe HnxerourNr.
Nothophila fuscana (Edwards).
1923. Ulom,orpho,
fusca,naEd'n'ards,Trans. N.Z. Inst., vol. 54, p. 305,
pl. 29, fig. 54 (wing).
Edwards's type, a male, l'as talien near Wellington in April. The
speciesoccurs in both lslands, flying latc in the season.
Allotrlpe.-Q. Length,1l mm. ; wing, 11'3rnrn.
Very closeto rnale,diliering chiefly irr sexualcharacters. Head greyisir-brown. Praescutalstripes confluent,. All tergitcs margined cauclallywith
buff. Wings {ullv developed,as in male. Ovipositor with long, slender,
gently upcurved tr-.rgalvalves.
rlllotype, Q,\\rellington; April, L922(G. V. Hudsott).
Nothophila nebulosa(Edwards).
1923. Ulomorpha nebulosaEdwards, Trans. N.Z. Inst., voI. 51,
pp.304-5, pl. 29,fig. 53 (wing) ; pl, 33, fig. 143(hypopygiun).
Edwards's tvpes, males, were from near Wellington, taken in Aprii by
Hudson. Like the precedingspecies,the fly is a characteristiclate-summer
or fall species,but so far has not been taken cxcept in the near vicinity cf
the City of Wellington.
Al,lotype.-Q. Length,about 12 mm. ; wing, 12.7lrm.
Generailysimilar to the male,di{iering as follorvs: Wings fully developed,
as in male. Ovipositor rvith tergal valves as in precedingspecics; sternalvalves stouter than tergal valves, short and nearly straight.
Allotype, 9, Wilton's Bush, Wellington ; 20th April, 1922 (G. V.
Hud,son).
Polymoria nigrocincta (Edwards).
L923. Li,mnoph,ila nigrocincta Edwatds, Tratzs. Irl.2. Inst., vol. 54,
pp. 312- 313,pl. 29, f ig. 59 ( v'ing) .
Edwards's type, a female, was taken at Wainuiomata, Weliington, rl
December,1920,by Hudson. The fly is widely distributed in both Islands(Wellington,Nelson,Canterbury,Otago, Southland).
Allotype.-Q. Length, 10 mm. ; wing, 11 mm.
Generaliy similar to female, difiering chiefly in sexual characters.
Antennae relatively short, about as long as thorax alone, scapeancl basal
segment of flagellum ochreous, flagellum brownish-black. Scutal lobes
conspicuouslydark brown. Abdomen dark brown, the hypopygium obscureyellow, lobes of ninth tergite brownish-black. Male hypopygium (fig. 14)
with ninth tergite produced medially, emarginate posteriorly, lateral lobes
triangular, hairy. Basistyles relatively stout ; dististyles two, both small ;outer dististyle a small flattened blade that terminates in curved blackenerl
spine,margin of blade setiferous; inner style much longer than outer, basirenlargedand"provi<ledwith coarsesetae,distal portion slender,apex obtusely
rounded, surface with microscopicsetulae. Interbasal processchitinized,boomerang-shaped,
narrow outer end subacute at, apex. Aedeaguslong
and narrow, basal trvo-thirds with lateral wing, slenderapical third gently
curved. Gonapophysesappearing as very large flattened blades, alnrosl.
transparentin mount's,outer apical angleproducedcaud.adinto morc slcrrtlrr
lobe that is obliquely truncated at apex.
Allotype, J, Ohakune,Wellington, altitnde 2,060ft. ; l2ttr Novtrnrl,,rl,7921 (T. R. Hanis\.

Lii(iJ-r5

Transact.ions.

Ar,oxexonn.-Sturlies on the Crane-fliesof New Zeulatul.

Limnophilella serotina (Alexander)'L922. Lim,nopluiluserotina Alexander, Insec. Inscit. Mensf., vol. 10,
pp. 202-3.
The type, a female, was taken in the-Riccarton (Deans).B-rrsh,Christchurch, Canterbury, in April, 1922, by Gourlay. The fly is known only
from Canterburyand Westland'
Allotype.-$. Length, 11 mm.' wing, 12'4 mm.
Generally similar to female, but of more delicate, ethereal build, not,unlike .t. dilicatula (Hutton), which I consider to be closelv allied.
Charactersas in female, di{Iering as follows : Antennae of moderate
Iensth, about as long as combined head anil thorax; scapal segments
och-reous,flagellum dark brown, basal segments a trifle paler. Abdomen
reddish-brown with dark-brown subterminal ring that includes segments 7
and 8. Male hypopygium (fig. 15) with basistyles rolatively -stout, withsparserelatively short setae; dististylestwo, united at extremebase; outerslvle dilated into a wing on basal half, surface with microscopic setulae,
apical halt more narrowed and terminating in setiferous beak, before apex
oir outer margin with a broad flattened.glabrous tonth ; inner style a little
shorter, of nearly uniform width throughout, apex obtuse' Gonapophyses
appearing as conspicuousdivergent horns. Aedeagusshort and stout, theapex bifid.
"
Allotype,g, Punakaipe,Westlantl; 21th Febnrary,1923(T. R. Hami's).

of Christchurch,as discussedin the appendedaccount, indicates that l.hr.
tvpe-locality is very probable. The fly has not been taken elsewherc.
Allotype.-9. Length, 14 mm. ; wing, 2'5 mm.
Charactersas in female, difiering as follows: Antennae 16-segrnentcrl,
formula being 2 +2+ 8*4;
basal pectinatesegmentsin spiral aliglment ; pectinationsshort, the longest about three times length of segmerrlthat bears it. I{ead light grey, centre of vertex sufiusedwith dark brown.
Mesonotal praescutum pale brown, anterior end of median stripe andposterior encls of lateral stripes better indicated, brown, the latter passingon to scutal lobes; median area of remainder of mesonotumlight grey.
Pleura dusted with grey. Wings rudimentarl', yellowish, more infuscater{
outwardly, without distinct pattern. Abdomen reddish-brown, tergites
with slightly clarker median stripe and with dark-grey sublateral margin ;sternites largely dark grey. Hypopygium rcddish. Male hypopvgiurl(fig. 16) with basistrrlesimple, stout, mesalfacc with abundant setae; mesal
face at basewith smoothhenriovateblack lobe. Outer dististyle a flattenecl
blade, broadest at basc, apcx on outer margin proclucedinto consprcuous
black spinc, remainder of apex squarely truncated, not projecting beyon<lspine, margin weakly serrulate ; outer dististyle without setae; innerdististyle slender,inner or mesal face near midJength bulging and provided
with setae,apex beyond this base slightly bent, provided with numerous
setigerouspunctures and with a short stout, spinousseta on inner margin.
Gonapophysesslender, betore mid-length bent strongly upon t'hemselves,tips weakly expanded. Aedeagusslender,straight, baseililated, apex bifid.
Allotype, 6f, L)hristchurch,Canterbury, altitude 30 ft. ; l8th October.
1921(8. S. Gotwl,ay).
This is the onlv speciesol Gynoplistia so far describedin which both
sexesare nearly apterous. I am greatly indebted to Mr. Gourlay for theaccompanyingdiscussionof the conditions under which theseflies were found.
" This little lot is the result of one half-hour's collectins at the localitv
indicatecion the labels in the bottles. The flies are fairlv plentiful on a
hot clay,and are not only like harvest-spiilers(Phalangiidae)iir appearance"
but are also similar in thcir movements, each having the same peculiar
springy gait. They delight in hanging on tall grass-blades
without a movement, basking in the sun. Associatedwith this speciesto-day were twoother Tipulidae, the relat'ive abundance of the three being indicated by thefollowing fi.gures: Gynoltlistia,pedestris,50 per cent. ; Li,mnoplt,ilaskusei.
35 per cent.; Holorusia, notsarae,15 per cent. In their breeding-grounds
the soil is a rich, black, peaty humus, and though wet is not slimy. The
river (Avon) flows through the centre of the city and the locality is about
five minutes' walk from the Square. This is the only localitv from which
I have collecteclthis species[to-which was later add.edJohnson'sn'ish-pond,
Opawa, Christchurch-a single male on 12th n'ebruary, 7922), and thispartioular stretch is about 100yards long by 2'5 yar<lsin width at its broadest
point, so they seemto have a limited range. I Jravenot observedparticularly
whether thev are to be found in other similar placesalong the river, but no'
doubt this will be the case."--(E. S. Gourlay).

654

Cerozodia paradisea Edwards.
parad,iseaEdwards, Trans. N.Z. Inst., vol. 54,!923. Cerozod'i,ap. 328, Pl. 30, fig. 93 (wing of $).
Edwards'stypes, males,were from the vicinity o{ Lake Wakatipu, OtagoThe fly is known only from Otago and.Southland'.
Aliotype.-Q. I:ength, 25 mm. ; wing, 3'8 mrn.
Charactersas in male, rlifiering as lollows : Antennae 26-segmented,
terminal two segmentsclosely united and possibly to be interpretecl as beinga singlesegment; flagellarsegmcnts1--13with distinct branches,the longest
abool onelhalf longer than segmentsthat bear them ; flagellar-segment14
protuberant,on lo*er face but not otherwise produced. Head yellowishirey pruinose. Praescutalstripes three, Iight yellow, interspacesbrown;,"oi"lio* and postnol;umlight grey. Halteres ochreous,knobs dark brown.
Legs with coxae light-grey pruinose; legs with femora dark brown, tibiae
anf, tarsi paler brJwn, terminal tarsal segments infuscated. Wings rudi
light brown, costal margin near base' and outer edge, darker
mentary,'Veiation
tlistorted. Ovipositorwith basalshielclvarnished,yellow,
brown.
with longitudinal oblique brown markings. Tergal valves of ovipositor longand slender,gently upcurvecl.
Allotype,k, Iir..i.t Range, near Lake Manapouri, Southlancl,altitude
4,000ft.-;- lst to 7th January, 1923 (S. Lindsay)Gynoplistia pedestris Edwards.
L923. Gynoplistia lted,estrfsEdwards, Trans. N.Z. Inst., vol. 54,
p. 317.
Edwards's type, a female,lacked exact data, but, since.it was collectecl
bv Wakefield, .rias presumably from Canterbury. The iliscovery of thisfly in large numbersby Campbell and Gourlay within the limits of the City

Gynoplistia sackeni Alexander.
L92O.Gynoplistia saclrcni Alexander, Insec. Insci,t. Menst., vol. 8,
pp. 125-26.
The type, a male, was collectedat Wellington in June, 1895,by Hudson.
This interesting specieshas been taken only in the Province of Wellington.
The fly appearsto bo a characteristicwinter and early-springspecies.

liltT

Transactions.

Ar,oxeuonn.-Stud'ies on the Crane-flies oJ' llera Zutkr,lt.rL.

Length, 14 rnm. ; wing. 4 mm.
Allotype.-Q.
Antennae
Female differs frorn rnale chiefly in sexual characters.
16-segmented, basal eight flagellar segments with short branches, thelongest not exceeding segment that bears it; lower face of ninth flagellar
segment slightly produced. Basal segment of scape sparseiy pruinose ;second segrnent pale brown; flagellum black throughout'. Mesonotal praescutum bufiy, the colour largely concealed by three siightly darker stripes;
remaining sclerites of mesonotum more pruinose. Wings greatly atrophied,
as indicated by above measurements, being long and slender, strap-like, darkbrown with base more yellowish. Ycnation distorted but recosnizabie.
Tips of femora and tihiac narrorvlv infrrscatcdi tarsi largely brown.
Abdomen more or less pruinosc, caudal margins of segments brighter
brown. Ovipositor rvith valves verv long and slender, especially the gently
upcurved tergal valves.
Allotype, Q, Ohakune, \l'ellington, altitude 2,060 ft. ; 30th September,
l92I (T. R. Ha,rris).

Gynoplistia arthuriana Edwards.
L923. Gynopt'istioarthuriairraEdrvards, Trarts' N.Z. Inst.. vol. 1-rl,
p. 319,pl. 30, frg.75 (wing)'
Edwards's type was from Arthur's Pass, Canterbury, at 3,000.tt.,r't'tlected by Hudson. The speciesis known only frorn this generalregion'
Al.lotype.-|. Length, l1'5 rnrn.; wing, 10 mm.
Charactersas in ferlale, dillering as follou.s: Antennae 17-segnie[tctl,
basal pectinate branches being in spiralthe formula being 2f2f8f5,
alignment; longest branchesbetrveentliree and four times-the length ofsegLents that 6ear ihem. Hea<i greJ', vertex suffusedwith rich brown.
MEsonotalpraescutumrvi'"hmedian stripe almost concolorouswith groundcolour, naigined lateraliy with brown; lateral stripes.distinct. Abdomen
dark brownlbasal laterai region of individual tergites lighter brown. IIale
hypopygium (fig. 17) vrith-caudai margin of ninth tergite. very feebly
mediali-y. Basistyles relativelv short and stout-, simple, mesal"oo"#."
face groovecl,adloining margins and apex on mesal face denselyprovided
rvith lons coarsesetaeihat 6ecotle small to obsoleteon outer face at baseof sclerit"e; a srnail pale unarrnedtubercle on ntesaiface of scleriteat baseouter dististyle a llattened blade; sonle distance before apex oD outerface with a small black tooth; apex gentiy serruiateto crenulate; innerdististyle shorter, just beyond mid-length gradually na-rrowedto slender
feebly" setiferous apex. Gonapophysesclosely subtending small curved
aedeagus,eachapophysetrifld at apex.
All'otype, d, dtiia Gorge,Westland ; tOttr January, 1920(J. W. Campbell')'

656

Gynoplistia fuscoplumbea Edu'ards.
Edwards, I'rans. lt .2. Inst.. vol. 54,
1923. Gynoplist'ia fu.scopl'u,mbea
p. 318, pl. 35, fig. 165 (hypopygium).
Edwards's type, a tnale, was from Wellington, collccted by Hudson.
The fly is well distributed in ihe Province of Wellington.
Al,iotype.-J. Length 15 mm. ; wing, 11 rnm.
Generally similar to male, difiering as follolvs : Antennae 17-segmented,
basal nine flagellar segrnents wit'h short branches, the longest scarcelv
exceeding in length st'gments that bear thcm ; basai segment of scapeheavily pr'.rinose; sccond segment ochreous at apex ; flagellum with
branches biack. Rostrum and head grey, veitex infuscated on eitherside of paie median line. Praescutal stripes fairly rvell tleflned. n'emorai
subterminal pale rings faint to nearly obsolete. Wines fully developred,more yellowish than in rnale; w-ing-tip scarcely infuscated. Ovipositor
lvith valves very long and slender, tergal valves gentlv upcurved.
Allotype, !, Ohakune, Wellington, altitude 2,060 ft.; 2nd December,1922
Taken in coltu,la with male and pinned toget'her.
{T. R. Hamis).
Gynoplistia incisa Edwarcls.
1923. Gynopli,stia incisct' Edwards, Trans. N.Z.
pp.318-19, pl.35, fig. 166 (hypopygium).

Inst.,

vol.

54,

Edwards's type, a rnale, rvas from Wellington, collected by Hudson.
The soeciesoccurs in both lslands.
Length, 16 mm. ; wing. 12 rnm.
Attottlpe.-].
Generally similar to male. Antennae l7-segmented. basal ten flagellar
segments with relatively elongate branches, the longest being about onehalf longer than segment that bears it ; terminal five segments sirnple.
Rostrum brownish-ochreous. Scapal seqments of antennae ochreous; basal
two flagellar segments pale basaliy, apex and branches brownish-black.
Head dark grey, Iighter behind antennal bases. Mesonotal praescututn
rvith lateral stripes very distinct but median stripe barely indicate<i,Subterminal orange
as in male, faintly divided by median dark vitta.
annulus of femur paler and less conspicuous. Wings fully developed;
apex not so heavily infuscated as in male. Ovipositor with tergal va,lves
long and slender, especially the gently upcurved tergal vahzes.
Allotype, !, Ross, Westland; 19th n'ebruary, 1923 (T. R. Ilani's).

Atarba (Atarba) viridicolor Alexancier'1922. Atnrbu' (Atarba) o'irirl'icolorAlexander, Ann. Malt. Not' Hist'(9), vol. 9, p. 308.
The type, a female, was taken by Harris at Ohakunein October, 1921'
The fly is at present"known onlv from this generalregion.
Atiotype.-$. Length, about 5'8 mm. ; rving,7'3 rnm. ; antennae,about
11 m m .
Generally simiiar to female, differing chiefly, in sexual characters.
Antennae very long, neariy twice length of body. elongate-cylindricalflageilar segmentswith nurnerousdelicate erect setaedistributed throughout
thJir lengtJi. Green coloration of body is faded into a farvn-yellow, coxae
remainin! green. Abdominal tergites brown, sternites paie-r; a sub.terrninal
dark-broivi ring. l\Iale hypopygium (flg' 18) with basistyies-verylongand
slender,surfacJ setiferous,especiallymesal face ; immediately before apex
on mesal face .rvith low setiferous tubercle. A single dististyle, this very
remarkable and suggestive of the origin of the doubie dististyii of rnost
Tipulidae; style is"-a pale, curved blide, apex-obtuse, just beyond midIerigth on ouier face ivith a slightly shorter densely spinous lobe; theupi"uruo"" thus presenteil is much as though the trvo _siyli vrere originallya- unit and r-ere- now in processof division. Interbasal processsmall,
as-slender-stronglycurved
palc, apex iruncate. Gonapophyses,appeatin-g
Loros,dir"cteil cephalad,thenCemesad,caudad,and finally laterad in almosta circle. Aedeagusrelatively short, twisted at base,apex obtuse.The ,trot. iid""ly distiibuted Atarbu, (Atarba) f'li,corn'is Alexandcr
exhibits a vety different type of hypopygium (fig. 19). Ninth terrgitc
deeply ernarginate posteriorft, the relatively_slender lateral lobes thus
torried being providedwith long coarsesctae. Basistylesshorte-rand.stou1,cr,
subapicaltribercle more slende-r; intcrbasal processvery small. .Distist-r,lr'

uDd

Transactions.

,deeplysplit, outer arm a slender chitinized rod. apex acute, nargin smoothor nearly so, except at base rvhereis borne a very polrerful bifid spine,witha tiny double spinule in its axil ; inner arm of dististyle subegualin length,
slender,pale, with sparsetiny setae. Aedeaguslong, gently curved upward,
with row of papillae along its face. Gonapophvsesof either side bifid, tipof each arm denselytufted ivith golden spinoussetae.
Allotopotype, g, Ohakune.trYellington,altitudc 2,060ft. ; 13th Novernber,1921(T. R. Harris\.
Elephantomy ia z ealandica Ed r'vards.
1923. El,ephantomg,ia
zealanil'icaEdwards, T rans. N .2. I nst., v oI. 54,
p. 288,pl. 28, fig. 35 (wing).
Edwards's type, a female, was from Lake Wakatipu, Otago, collccteil
in 1906 by Hudson. The fl;' is now known to be wideiy distributed inboth Islands.
Lengt'h, exchrding rostrum, 5'5 mm. I wirrg, 6.5 nnn. I
Allotype.-f.
rostrum alone,about 4 mm.
Similar to female,differing only in sexualcharacters. Medianpraescutal.stripeverv distinct on anterior half of sclerite,becomingobliteratedbehind.
Abclomenwith subterminal dark-brown ring, inchrding segrncnts7 and 8.
Male hypopygium (fig. 20) with basistylesstout, setifcrous,more densely
so on mesal face. Dististyles two, small, outer style a straight slenderheaviiy chitinized rod slightly narrowed. toward a1lex, which is weakly
toothed; inner style a little longer anrl stouter,fleshy,apex slightly curved,
surface setiferous. Gonapophysesalmost transparent in balsam mounts,
curved near mid-length, apex obtuse; besidesthis pair of apophysesare
tu'o other pairs on either side <if base of aedeagus. Aedeagusstout, siigbtly
coiled.
Allotype, ;f, Waipori, Ota,go,altitude 2,000ft. ; 5th December, 1921
\IV. G. Hotaes\.
'I'ribe Trpur,rxr.
Dolichopeza (Dolichopeza)atropos (Hudson).
1895. Tiytla atroTtos
Hudson, Trans. N.Z. ltsf., r'ol. 27, p.295.
t9OO. Dollichoytezaatrolios Hutton, ,ibid,.,vol. 32, p. 24, pi. 3, fig. 1(wing).
atroposEdwards, i,bid..vol. 54, p. 331.
L923. Doli,chopezo
Hudson's unique type, a rnale,was taken at, Terawhiti, near Wellington,
while hovering about a cave (a gold-mining shaft, accordingto Edwards).
Huti,on reilescribedthe unique type. Edwards had not seena specimen.
Allotype.-Q. Length, 15 mm. ; wing, 15 mm.
n'emale agrees well with male, difiering chiefly in sexual characters.
Antennae nearly as long as thorax; basal segmentof scapepale brownishtestaceous; second segment of scape light yellow; flagellum black;flagellar segments each with slight basal swelling provided with shortverticils. Vertical tubercle conspicuous,entire, pale-fulvous, contrasting
markedly with remainilcr of boily. Mesonotalpraescutumwith a slightly
paler stripe on either side of darker rnedian line; short lateral stripes
likewise paler than ground-colour. Ovipositor with short stout valves,
tergal valves straight.
Allotype, Q, Queenstown,Otago; 4th January, Lg23 (C. C. Fazwick).
This is the largest of the four New Zealanil speciesof the genus thus
far clescribed. The fulvous vertical tubercle was not nentionecl in either

Ar,oxelvopn.-studies

on the Crane-f ies oJ Neu Zru'l'utttl'(ihl)

Ilutton's or Hudson's d.escriptions. In order to be certain oI t'ht'irlt'rrtitr''
specimenswcre submitted to Mr. Hudson, who very kindly compart,rl llrt'ttr*itn lir type and reports them identical.
Macromastix submontana Edwards.
Edwarcls, Trants' l{'Z' Inst', vol' ir'l 'L923. Macromclst';n submontorzn''
p. 346.
Edwarcls's type, a fernale, was from Mount Cleughearn, ln the, Hutttcr'
A,n, additiorrl,lMountains, Southlanct, collectecl in 1916 by Philpott.
series from the same general locality was taken in January, 1923, by Stuar'l
Lindsay.
Length, 16 mm. ; wing, 20 mm.
Attotupe.-6.
wilh type female. Antennae short,, biack throughout,closelyAer".irreor,ly -11-s.g:*ented. ; penuli,imate and antepcnultirnate segments small,terininal se-gment largei and nearly twice the lcngth of preceding segment.
The type f"emale, *{i"h i* in writcr's colleotion tlrrough the_ kindness o1
trtr- e'riltpott, likewise has ll-segrnentcd antennae _as given by. Edwards.
Basal half of abilominal tergite 2-decp
Thoracic' setac creamy-whitc.
medially by a ilack longitudirral vitta.
dividednarrowly
fulvous-orange,
cauilalwith
tergiteNinthMale hypop;7gium black, including dististyles.
emarginate.
margin.f,[otype,"6, Hunter Range, near Lake- i\fanapouri, Sout]rland, altitudtr
4,000 ft. ;-1st to ?th January, 1923 (S. I'indsay).
BreLroeRepHr:.
An asterisk(*) irrdicatesthat nervspeciesare describedin the paper'in the osten-sackencollection of
species
Ar,nxr:rnln, c. P., 1920. *LTnclescribecl-lfipulidae),Insec. lnsci't. Menst', vol' E,
Neiv ZealanclCrane'flies(Diptera,
pp. l2l-33.
tgZil *Trvo U'tlescribedTipuloideanFlies frorn Nes'Zealand (Diptera, Tanyderidae,anclllhyphidae),ibid', vol.9' pp. 157-60.
from Nev' Zealand,i,bid,.,vol. l(),_-- 1.922t. *TlhreeUni6scriLed Nematocerou-s-nlies
pp. 146-47.
lgli,;. *UntlescribedSpeciesof Crane-flieslrom Nev'Zealatd., i,biiL.,vol. l{t'-_pp. 198-205.
:nzhl. *Undescribed Speciesof Cra,ne-fliesfrom Nerv Zealaoi, Ann" Ent' 9cc'
Am,er.,vol. 15,PP.223-38.
- , I922n. {N"*, ot'Liitlu-koo*tt Tipulidae (Diptera), YTII, An'n. X[ag' Na't' Hist'{9), vol. 9, PP. 145-60.
*-, Lg22;: nNert o'rLittle-knownTipulidae(Diptera),IX' i'bid-,(9)' vol 9, pp. 297-315'
1922r. *New or Little-knorvn Tipulidae (Diptera)' X, ibid'., (9)' vol. 9, pp' Soit-Z4'---- 1922c. *New or Little-known Tipulidae (Diptera), XI' z:6;d-'(9)' v9l. f.!, pp' 83-9f}'*Nev' or Little-known-Tipulidae-(Diptera), XII' ibid., (9), vol' r{}'---- 1922s.
pp. 557-73.
l92bi. *New or Little-known Tipulidae (Diptera), XIIJ, ibi'd., (9)' vol' 11,-pP. 97-l I l.
1925i. *Nerv or Little'known Tipulidae (Diptera), ]i.IV, ibid., (9)' vol' 11'-PP. 193-208.
192'$. *New or Little-knou'n Tipulidae (Diptera), Xy, ibid., (9)' vol' 12'-PP' 97-l 12.
- - 1921i. *Nerv or Little-known Tipulidae (Diptera), xyl' ibid., (9), vol' 12,
PP. 194-212.
1923;. *UndescribedSpeciesoI Anisopodidaefrom New Zealatd, Insec. Ittsrit.
-Menst.,vol' ll., PP.73-74.
p' )7,
Bu'r,rn, A. G., I8?5e. *'Zoologllof Yoyageo.f" Erebu'" ontl " I'e*or," ItLsects,
pl. 7' fig. 15.
lS7Br. *C"ontri.butionsto the Diptera of Nerv Zealand, Cistttkt, Entottt'oloqiut,--vol. 1, pp. 355--56.

660'l'ransact'ion.s.

f,lrrwrrrns, 1r. U/., lg23A. *A Preliminarv Revision of the Crane-flies of New Zealand(Aniscpodidae, Tanyderidae. Tjpdldee), f'rans. N.Z, Inst., vol.5,1, pp. 26b-853,
text-figs. A-D, pls. 27-28.
1923s. 1'Nerv Species of Crane-flies coliected b1,' NIr. G. V. Hudson in New Zea--land, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hi,st. (9\, vol. ll,"pp. bZS-af.
Haxrrr,rnscr, AN'rorc, 1909. Zur Phylogenie und Fluegelmorphologie der Ptvchopteriden(Dipteren), Ann. Nattr,rhist. HoJmtts. Wien, vol. 2J, pp. zb3-72, pi.2, fig. f3.
F. W., 1918. Notes frorn the Oanterbury College llouniain Biological
Hrr.cuvoonl,
Station, Oass, No. 6, the Insect I'ife, 7'rans. tri.Z. lnst., vol. 50, pp. l3E-44.
HuDsorc, G. V., f892. *Att, ilIententctrgMan,ual ol New Zeclatrd 7)ntonclogy, pp. l-128,
text-figs. 2, pls. (col.) 21.
1895. xOn some Net' Speciesof Tipulae (Daddy-1ong-iegs)found in Nevr Zealand,-'I'ra,ns.N.Z. ltzst., rol.27, pp. 293-95.
1901. On Entomological !-icld-worli in Nerv Zealand, ibid., vol. 3:i, pp. 388-95.
-1907. Notes on the llntomolosv of thc Ilouteburr \ralley, ibi.rl.,vol.3tt, pp. lg7-205.
-1909. Generai Notcs on the llntonolosy of the Subantarctic Islands of New--Zealan<|, li'lte Sttbu,tttutctirlslun,tls ol t\eu: Zeolant!, vol. l, pp. 64, I24, f30-31,
pl. a, fig. I (col. fig. of Zriluscodes aucl;Ian.dicu.s).
1912. Notes on Semialiterous Females in certain Species of Lepidoptera, .UzfM o . M a g ., vo l.4 8 , p p .2 6 9 - 7 5 .
I913A. , Notes on I'lightless Ilemales in certain Species of i\Ioths, with an Attempted-Explanation, T'runs. N.Z. Inst., vo1r.45, pp, 52-57.
1913a. Notes on the flntomology o{ the Ohakune and lr,iaiouru l)istricts, i61d.,-v o l . 4 5 , pp . 5 7 6 7 .
1913c. *On Tipila lteteroganta,a New Species of Crane-fly in New Zealand,, ibiil.,-vol. 45, p. 68.
1920a. Illustrated Life-histories of Nerv Zealand Insects, No. 1, r'6r:11.,vol. 52,-pp. 32-34, col. pl. l.
On some Uxarnples of New Zealand Insects illustratins tho Darwinian--19208.
Principle of Sexria,ISelection, ibid., vol 59, pp. 43I-38
1920c. *I)esci:ipiion of a Nerv Species of Crane-fly from Nerv Zealatd, I.lnt. XIo.
-IIag., t ol. 56, p. 276.
Notes on Collecting in Nery Zealand cluring the Season lg20-21, ibid., voi. 58,-pp. 28-30.
HunsoN,-S'ror,LA. 1922. fnsects observed on a Glacier in Neyr ZealancT,i6icl.. vol, 58,
u. 94.
Htr:ror*,-X'. W., f 8S1. *Clatalogueso.f tlLeNew Zealand Di,,ptera,Orthopttera,Egttzenoptera ;rvith Descriptions of the Species,pp. l-70 (Diptera).
f900. *The Tipulidae, or Orane'flies, of New Zealand, Trans. Ii.Z. Inst., vol.32,-pp. 22-51. pls. 3-4.
1.902. *Adclitions to the Diptera Fauna o{ Ncl'Zealand, i,birl.,vol.34, pp. 179-96.
--.
190i1. Indp-r ltutnqe Notne Zeo.Iandiae,pp. viii f 372.
-Krnnv, W. F., 1384. *Notes on the Diptera of Nel. Zealanrl, T'rans, EnL 9oc. f,ond.
for 1884, pt. 3, pp. 2ii9-75.
Lrrrn, C. Cr+.,1909. xllhe Diptera of the Subantarctic fslands of Nerv Zealatd, Tlte
Bufu.tntnrcticlslands r'f Iew Zealatul, \'ol. l, pp. 124-45, I tigs.
l\ftr<, Josnr,', 1882. xDiptera gesammelt von lfermann Krone aul den Aucklands-Inseln,'l'ehr. zool.-bai.()es. lYien, vol. 31, pp. 195-205, pl. 13.
N')$'rcKr, Mar, 1875. xBeitraege zur Kenntnis der Diptera Neuseelands, llem.. Krakau,er
tol.2, pp. 8-28.
Akatl. Il'i.ssen.gclm{t.,Ostrx-S,rcr<px, C. li. R., 1880. l)ie Tanvderina, eine merkrvurCi.sc Gruppe der Tipuliden,l/erh. zool.-bot.Ges. trlien, r'o1. 29, pp. 517-22.
1886. Studies on llipulidae, pt. I, BerI. Entomol. 7'eitsch., vol. 3(), pp. 153-88.
-1887. Studies on Tipulitlae, pt. 2, i,bid,.,vol. 31, pp. 163-242.
-1894. *Three Trochobolae from Nerv Zealanrl and Tasmania, ibitl., vol. 39,-pp.264 66.
Sc;rrrrn, J. Ii., 1868. * Reise d,erOsterreichischenFregatte " Noaard, " Zool, Theil. Dipte-ra.
p p . 3 7 - 3 8 , 4 tt,1 6 ,4 9 .
Tr,r-vano, R. J., f920. The Insects of \Iacquarie Island,:{astrelas. Anto,rct, Erpecl.,
1911-14, 8c. Repts., ser. C., ZooI., Bot. 5, nt. 8, pp. 5-35, 22 text.figs.
ToNrr-orn, Axnnn, 1922. Notes sur le genre Nemopalpus (Dipt. Psvchodidae), Ann.
Sac.Ent. Bel91.,vol. 62, pp. 125-l)6, pi.
\V.tr,r<nn, tr'naNt--rs,tr948. xl,ist of the Diptera in the British Museum, vol. I, pp. 57-74.
185{i. *Inseata Sauntlersia,na,vol. I, p..f45.
-\\'ps'rlr'ooa, J. O., f 88I. *Notae l)ipterologicao, No. 5, Descriptions of Nev. Species of
Exotic Tipulidae, with an Annotated Summarv of Specie-* belonging to thesame X'amily, previously descrihed, Trans. Ent. Soc.I'ondon for 1881,pp. 362-85,
pls. l7-I9.