CH. P. ALEXANDER .

R."otJr.oJ J.r"riptionc of Me-icah erane:fliec(Drpt Tpulidac)

Sobrctito
ANAIISDE LI\ ESCUELA XACIONAL

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Nrcioa.lRecords and descriptions of Mexican crane-flies(Dipt.

Tipulidae)
Penr I
by

CnenresP. AlexaNDER

MassachusettsState College
Amherst, Mass., U. S. A.

During the past thirty years vast seriesof MexicanTipulidae have beencollected,chiefly through the efforts of Dr. Alfons Dampf as discussedbelow.
As a result of the study of part of thesematerialsmany new specieshave been
defined and very numerousrecordsof distributionhave been gathered.It isplannedto continuethe descriptionof noveltiesin the presentseriesof reports
and at suitabletimes to presentrecordsadding to our knorvledgeof seasonalandgeographicaldistribution of these flies. When sufficient knowledgehas been
derived to warrant the belief that keys to the various generaand specieswill
havea lastingbenefit,suchkeysand summaries
will be provided.It may be af'l-ipulidae
firmed that our knowledgeof distributionof the Mexican
is still onlyin its infancy and that many additionsto the known list will be made. In thepresentpart I have disctrssed
chiefly materialstaken on the Fourth Hoogstraal
M e x i c a nB i o l o g i caE
l xp e d i ti o nof l9- ll, all fr om the Stateof llichoacanan dtaken by I1r. Harrl' Floogstraal,
leaclerancl biogeographerof the expedition,a n d b y t h e e n to mo l o g i st,
IIr. R alphIIaag..\ fes' of the specimens
s' er efr om th e
S c h u l t zco
e l l e cti o nmas, d ei n 1 9 29,
s' hilestill other sar eir om the l) ampfcollectio ns ,the greatmajoritl'of s'hichhavebeentliscusserl
in othcr papersor n'ill be reported
i n t h e f utu re . I n 'i sh to e xp re ssm _\' \' er _\' tleep
thanksto all the entomolcgi s ts
mentioned,who have done sc much to make knos'n the vastl_r'rich crane-fl1'
fauna of Mexico.The types are presen'edin mv collectionof -fipulidaeof theWorld.
D e v e l o p t u t E N To F o u R K N o w L E D G E
o F T H E T r p u r - r n e eo r J l E x t c oNinteenthCentury
What would appearto havebeenthe first crane-flyto be collectedin \lexico
was taken by William Maclure,presumablyin the Fall of 1827, ancldescribed
as Limnobia livida by ThomasSay in 1829.Followingthe collapseof the Owen
-Maclure socialisticexperimentat New Harmony, Indiana, the latter yisited
Mexicoon variousoccasions,dying at San Angel,near Mexico Cit,v,on March
2J, t840.

214

A N A L E SD E L A E S C .N A C . D E C I E N C T A St s r O L O C r c A S\ '.O L . t V

Various collectionsmade in the first half of the century were assembledfor
study by Luigi Bellardi (1859-1862),the most important of thesebeing those ofEttore Craveri, Henri Milne Edwards,Filippo de Filippi, Eugen Truqui, Henride Saussure,and Angust Sall6 (l8ll-1834). A few miscellaneous
specimensin
the British Museum,collectorsunknown,were defined by FrancisWalker.
Collections made in the second half of the century were assembledandstudiedby OstenSackenand Williston, in the BiologiaCentrali-Americana( 18861900).The OstenSackenmaterials(1886) were collectedin Jalapa by Dominik
B i l i m e k ; D u ra n g o ,a t a n a l ti tu de of mor e than 8,000 feet by A.For r er ; on
Orizababy Sumichrast;and in the extremenorth of Sonoraby Herbert K. Morr i s o n 1 . W i l l i sto n 'ssp e ci me n (1s 900) wer e taken chiefly' by,Her ber t H. Sm it h,in Guerrero,Morelos,Orizaba,Tabascoand Vera Cruz.A fervadditionalspecimens
weretaken in Morelosand on Orizababv F. D. Godman.
Twentieth Century
In the courseof his mosquitoinvestigationsat and near Cordoba in lW7
and 1908,FrederickKnab securedseveralspecimensof Tipuliclae,includingone
species,Trentepoblia (Paramongoma) IeucoxenaAlexander, that breeds in the
detritus gatheredin the leaf axils of various Bromeliads.Still later. rourine collectionsmadein Morelosby David L. Crawford includeda few crane-flies.
More recentsmall seriesof theseflies were taken in Guerrerob1' I-. Schultze
in 1929 and by Mr. A. E. Pritchard in June 1915,and in Colima b_r'l1r. L.
Conradt in 1917. The four expeditionsof Harry Hoogstraal ancl colleagues(HoogstraalMexicanBiologicalExpeditions,l9J8-1941)yieldedman_\'nes' species
and recordsof distribution,particularlyin Nuevo Leon and Michoacan.
By far the richestof all collectionsof MexicanTipulidae ever macle,exceeding in numbers all others combinedmany times over, were those securedb1'
Dr. Alfons Dampf and his field workers,assistedby a few interestecl
friendsand
other workers.These serieswere taken from 192) to date on the various field
expeditionsinvestigatingthe plaguesof locusts,black flies and mosquitoesand
involved not only many of the Statesof Mexico, but also the adjoining portionsof British Hondurasand Guatemala.The importanceof the entomologicals'ork of'that
Dr. Dampf to Mexico is so great
it can scarcely'be over-e\aggerated.
Certainly no singleindividual has ever beforemadeso manv important aclditions
to our knowledgeof the insectsof this vast area.
All of the collectionsmade during the presentcenturl' have beenstudiedby
Alexanderand publishedin variouspapers,the first dating from lgl-1.
BBI"r-mpr,
Lurcr.
1859. Saggio di Ditterologia Messicana.Mem. della reale A. delte scienie di Torino, (2)
XIX:201-225.2 pls. Appendix (1ffi2). Ibid., Xl: 200-225) pts.
r- ln a _recent papqr-by the la.te Eugene Mu_rray-Aaron(Ent. Neus, LllI
lJ3-111, 1942), the routefollowed by Morrison in Mexico, is given in some cietail. Aason says: "From there r.r.ecrossedinto the stateof -Sonora,M6xico, collecting somewhataround Nogalesand finally going for a brief trip south to Hermosillo.
of that far off da-v,row more than a half century past, ilorrison later collected
Judging from correspondence
as far south as Guaymas,on the Gulf of California".

A L E X A N D E R ,R E C O R D SA N D D E S C R I P T I O n NOSF M E X I C A N C R A N E F L I E S ( T I P U L I D A E )21,

OsreN SncKeN,C. R.
1886.BiologiaCentrali-Americana.
Insecta.Diptera, l:6-201, pl. l, figs. I-2 (Tipulidae).
Wrr.LrsroN,
S. W.
1900.Ibid., I. Supplement:225-229,pl. 4, figs. ,l-'5 (Tipulidae).
B n s r c L r s r o r T r p u r - r o n n o F M E X r c o D E S c R T B EBDy A m x n N p E nthat I provideat this time a list of papersthat
Dr. Dampf has suggested
describedof Mexico,recordingthe new species
I havepublishedon the crane-fliesof the scatteredrecords
in each.I have done this, hopingthat this assembling
will be helpful to the future studentof this rich area.
Alnxnnngn,CHnnlEsP.
l9l3 a. New NeotropicalAntochini.Psycbe.XX: 40-54.
Toxorrbina centralis Alexander:7'oxorhina (Toxorbina) centralis Alexander.
l9l-3 b. A synopsisof part of the Neotropicalcrane-fliesof the subfamily Limnobinae.
Proc. U. S. Nal. Mus.. XLIV: 481-549.
ErioPtera ( Mesocypbona)knabi Alexander.
Erioptera ( Mesocyphona)immaculataAlexander.
Gnophomyia nugnilica Alexander $ignTalsnxsTa( Austrolinntobia) magnilica (Alexander).
1914.New or little-knownNeotropicalllexatomini (Tipulidae,Diptera). Psyche,XXI:,-45.
Eriocera townsendi Alexander= Hexatoma (Eriocera) townsendi (Alexander).
crane-fly(Tipulidae,Diptera). Ent. News,XXVI:
l9lt. A secondbromeliad-inhabiting
29-30.
: TrentePoblia( Paramongo'ma)leucoxena(Alexander).
Mongoma leucoxenaAlexancler(Tipulidae,Dip1916a. New North Americanspeciesof the genusGonomyiaJVleigen
X
L
\
'
l
l
l
:
)
1
6
)
2
i
.
C
a
n
.
E
u
t
.
,
tera).
Gottotnyia(Gonontyia) mexicanuAlexander.
1916b. h'ew or little-knowncrane-fliesfrurmthe L'nited Statesand Canada:Tipulidae,
Diptera. Part .1. Proc. .4cati.,\'al. Sci. Philadelpl:ia,lt)16: 48G549(reference,
pp.527-528,
figs.90, 9l).
Gonomyia (Gortotnyia)mexicanaAlexander;details of male hypopygium.
1925.Studieson the crane-fliesof Mexico. Part I (Order Diptera, SuperfamtlyTipuloidea). Atm. Ent. Soc. America, XYlll: )41-362'
Dicranomyia praepostera Alexander- Limonia (Dicranontyia) praepostera(Alexander).
DicranornyiaraaidaAlexander- L' (D). ratsida (Alexander).
DicranomyiatricornisAlexander- L. (D.) tricornis (Alexander).
Dicranomyiafilicauda Alexander: L. ( D.) lilicauda (Alexander).
-DicranomyiamelanoceraAlexands1 L. ( D.) melanocera(Alexander).
-Dicranomyiadampli Alexander l" ( D..) ilampfi (Alexander).
Limonia obtusistylusAlexander:Limonia (Limonia) obtusistyla (Alexander).
EIepbantomyia alticola Alexander.
Gonomyia (Gonomyia) tuberculalaAlexander.
MoloPhilusseaerusAlexander'

216

A N A L E SD E L A E S C .N A C . D E C I E N C I A SB T O L O C | C A V
SO, L. tVM olophitus paucispinosas Alexander.
Erioptera ( Mesocyphona) inornatipes Alexander.
Erioptera ( Empedd ocbricauda Alexander.
Erioptera ( Empedil alticola Alexander.
Erioptera ( Empeda) curta Alexander.
Erioptera ( Empeda) tridentata Alexander.
Erioptera ( Empeda) unidentata Alexander.
T ipula moctequmae Alexander.
T ipula aqteca Alexander.
Nepbrotoma dampli Alexander.
1926. Studies on the crane-fliesof Mexico. Part II (Order Diptera, Superfamily Ti'
puloidea).Ibid., XIX: 158-179.
Limonia fissilis Alexander: Limonia ( Lintonia) umbrata (de Meijere).
Rhipidia multilida Alexander: Limonia ( Rhipidid multifida (Alexander).
Rbipidia agglomerataAlexandel_ 1,. ( R.) asslomerata (Alexander).
Helius quadrilidus Alexander.
Orimarga dampt'i Alexander.
Erioptera ( Mesocyphona)aenustlpesAlexander.
Gonomyia ( Gonomyid remota Alexander.
Gonomyia ( Lipopbleps) strigilis Alexander.
Gonomyia ( Lipophleps) latistyla Alexander.
Gonomyia ( Lipopbleps) spittistyla Alexander.
Gonomyia ( Lipophleps) bit'ida Alexander.
Gonomyia ( Lipopbleps) baploa Alexander.
T eucholabisminuta Alexander.
Pilaria rubella Alexander.
Atarba mexicanaAlexander.
Atarba aperta Alexander.
Eriocera pallidipes Alexander-Hexntoma (Eriocera) pallidipes (Alexander).
Rhaphidolabis ( Plectromyia) tergata Alexander: Dicranota ( Plectromyia) tergata(Alexander).
T ipula bellardiana Alexander.
Tipula oreom.ypides Alexander:I'ipula uirgulata Williston (Edwards, auct.).
1927a. Studies on the crane-flies of Mexico. Part III
Tipuloidea).Ibid., XX: 301-118.

(Order Diptera, Superfamily

Limonia iniucata Alexander: Limonia ( Limonia) inlucata Alexander.
l.imonia perllaaeola Alexander: L. ( L) perllaveola Alexander.
Limonia ludibunda Alexander: L. ( L.) ludibunda Alexander.
Dicranomyia exaeta Alexander: L. ( Dicranomyia) exaeta Alexander.
Gonomyia (Gonomyid chiapasensisAlexander.
Gonomyia ( Lipophleps) maya Alexander.
Teucbolabis dampli Alexander.
Erioptera ( Empedd stygia Alexander.
Erioptera ( Empeda) oresitropha Alexander.
Erioptera ( Erioptera) qaadricincta Alexander.
Erioptera ( Eriopterd dampli Alexander.
Erioptera ( M esocypbona)saturafa Alexander.
Erioptera ( M esocypbona)apicinigra Alexander.
Erioptera ( M esocyphona)leucopasla Alexander.
Erioptera ( M esocyphona)modica Alexander.
Rhabdomastix ( Rbabdomastiil isabella Alexander.
Cryptolabis (Cryptolabis) luteiceps Alexander.

A L E X A N D E RR
, ECORDS
Ar.ND
D E S C R I P T I O NO
SF M E X I C A NC R A N EF L I E S ( T I P U L I D A E )217

M olophilus obediens Alexander.
M olopbilus I uscopleuralisAlexander.
M olopbilus pennatus Alexander.
1927b. Records and descriptions of Neotropical crane-flies (Tipulidae, Diptera), III.
Journ. N. f. Ent. Soc., XXXV: 265-278.
Geranomyia cerberus Alexander: Limonia (Geranomyia) cerberus (Alexander).
Geranomyia recisa Alexander- L. (G.) recisa (Alexander).
1928. Studies on the crane-fliesof Mexico. Part IV (Order Diptera, Superfamily Tipuloidea).Ann. Ent. Soc.America, XXI: l0l-119.
Tipula Teltale Alexander.
Tipula qotqil Alexander.
Dicranomyia onerosa Alexander: Limonia ( Dicranomyia) onerosa (Alexander).
Dicranomyiaingrata Alexander- L. (D.) ingrata (Alexander).
DicranornyiasubraztidaAlexander: I-. (D.) subraaida (Alexander).
GeranomyiapentberesAlexander: L. (Geranomyia) pentberes (Alexander).
Geranomyiaturbida Alexander- L. (G.) turbida (Alexander).
Geranomyia eurygranrma Alexander: L. (G) eurygranmra (Alexander).
Geranomyiaperlecta Alexander: L. (G.) perlecta (Alexander).
Bpipbr agma or eonyntplra Alexander.
Sbannonomyiantoctequrla Alexander.
Sltannonomyia lentina Alexander.
Limnop hila madida Alexander.
Atarba ( Atarba) amabilis Alexander.
Elepbantomyia lumipes Alexander.
Teucholabis(Teucholabis) cinereicepsAlexander.
Gonomyia ( Gonomyia) debilis Alexander.
Gonomyia ( Lipophleps) peracuta Alexander.
Erioptera ( M esocyphona)quadrilurcata Alexander.
Cryptolabis (Cryptolabis) luscouenosaAlexander.
1910. Records and descriptionsof Neotropical crane-flies('fipulida.', Diptera), VIII.
109-l2L).
J o u r n . N . ) ' . E n t . S o c . .X X X \ ' l l l :Limonia ( G eranomy i a) neop entl:eresAlexander.
Lim onia ( G er anomy i a) b r ev"i sp in z/a A lexander.
Limonia (Geranomyia) viridula Alexander.
Teucbolabis(T eucbolabis)submolesla Alexander.
Gonomyia ( Progonomyia) patruells Alexander.
1918. Studies on the crane-fliesof Mexico. Part V (Order Diptera, Superfamily Tipuloidea). Ann. Ent. Soc. America, XXXI: 3%412.
Gonomyia ( Progonomyia) atr oapicata Alexander.
Gonomyia ( Euptilostena) dampfiana Alexander.
Gonomyia ( Lipophleps)aequidensAlexander.
Gonomyia ( Lipopbleps) baploides Alexander'
Gonomyia (Gonomyia) triaculeata Alexander.
Gonomyia (Gonomyia) microserrala Alexander.
Gonomyia (Gonomyid quaesita Alexander.
Gonomyia ( Gonomyia) subremota Alexander.
Gonomyia ( G onoruyid multispicala Alexander.
Gonomyia ( Gonomyia) acpansa Alexander.

218

A N A L E SD E L A E S C .N A C . D E C I E N C T A SB I O L O G T C A S
V,O L . t V

Rhabdomastix( Rhabdomastix)mexicanaAlexander.
Rhabdomastix ( Rhabdomastiil longiterebraf a Alexander.
Erioptera( Erioptera) laetipleura Alexander.
Erioptera( M esocypltona)fuscodiscalisAlexander.
lll olopbilus( M olopbilus) miraculusAlexander.
(
M olopbilus M olopbilus) ductilis Alexander.
Molopbilus( Molopbilus) sagaxAlexander.
Molopbilus( Molopbilus) lalx Alexander.
Toxorhina(Ceratocheilus)chiapasensisAlexander.
Toxorhina( Toxorhina) trilobata Alexander.
1919.Studieson the crane-fliesof Mexico. Part VI (Order Diptera, Superfamily'Iipuloidea).Ibid., XXXII: 70-90.
Limonia ( Geranomyia) cizticaAlexander.
Limonia ( Geranomyia)uberis Alexander.
Limonia ( Geranomyia)trichomera Alexander.
Litnonia ( Rbipidid sejugataAlexander.
Limonia ( Rbipidid birtilobata Alexander.
Sbannonomyiadampf i Alexander.
Hexatoma ( Eriocera) substolidaAlexander.
Hexatoma( Eriocera)aurantionofaAlexander.
Hexatoma( Eriocerd subgracilisAlexander.
Atarba ( Atarba) scutataAlexander.
Elephantomyia( Elepbantomyia)luteiannulalaAlexander.
( Teucholabis)
patensAlexander.
Teucholabis( T eucbolabis
T eucholabis) perangzslaAlexander.
Gonomyia( Lipopbleps)subinermlsAlexander.
Gonomyia( Lipopbleps)ortbomeroides Alexander.
Erioptera( Etnpedd diaaricata Alexander.
Erioptera( Empedd deludensAlexander.
Molopbilus ( Molopbilus) subsagaxAlerander.
M olopbilus( M olopl:ilus) retrorsus Alexander.
Cryptolabis (Cryptolabis) longiradialisAlexander.
1940.Studies on the crane-fliesof Mexico. Part VIt
T i p u l o i d e a )I .b i d . , X X X I I I : 1 4 0 - 1 6 1 .
Oqodicera(Ocodicera)septemtrionisAlexander.
Tipula ( Bellardina)parrai Alexander.
Tipula ( Bellardind schipmera Alexander.
Tipula ( Lunatipula) boogstraaliAlexander.
Tipula ( M icrotipula) obscuri cincta Alexander.
T ipula t emperata Alexander.
T ipula iovaleonensisAlexander.
T ipula pritc bardi Alexander.
Tipula guerreroensisAlexander.
Litnonia ( Rbipidid gracilirama Alexander.
Limonia ( Rbipidia) graciliramalassulaAlexander.
Limonia ( Rbipidid prolif erata Alexander.
Limonia ( Geranomyia) ortborhabda Alexander.
Orimarga( Orimargd niuefiarsismajusculaAlexander.
Orimarga( Diotrepha)subconcinna
Alexander.
Polymera( Polynera) IeucopeqaAlexander.

(Order Diptera, Superfamil.v

A L E X A N D ERRE, C O R DASN DD E S C R I P T I OONFSM E X I C A N
CRANEF L I E S( T I P U L I D A E ) 2 1 9
Polymera (Polymera) honestaAlexander.
Polymera ( Polymcrd nodulit'era Alexander.
Oxydiscus(Oxydiscus) mexicanus Alexander.
Oxydiscus( Oxydisclts)mexicanas acutissirwts Alexander.
Hexatoma ( Eriocera) plumbeinota Alexander.
Trentepoblia ( Paramongoma) subleucoxenaAlexander.
Gonomyia (Gonomyia) guerreroezsisAlexander.
1941.Recordsand descriptionsof Tipulidae from tropical America (Diptera). Reaista
de Entomologia, Xll: 722-87.
T ipula orirybensis Alexander.
T ipula bilimeki Alexander.

I am includingin this paper the singlespeciesof the family Trichoceridae,"winter crane-flies".
The variousgroupscommonlyreferredcommonlycalledthe
to the superfamily Tipuloidea actually belong to three phylogeneticseries,asseriesfollows: ( I ) Tanyderidaeand Ptychopteridae-Psychodoid; (Z) Trichoseries; (l) Tipulidae, with the threeceridae and Anisopodidae-Anisopodoid
subfamiliesTipulinae,Cylindrotominaeand Limoniinae,Tipuloid series.
TntcHocnRIDAE

Gen. Trichocera Meigen
Trichocera mexicana sp. n.
Irig. l.

Generalcolorationgray, the praescutumwith a more or lessdistinct,more
length,black throughout;halteresblackenedcentralstripe; antennaeof mocleratewith stem white, knob blackened;legs black; u'ings subhl'aline.unpatterned;
uniformlybr ownish
includingh,r ' pop1' gium,r a n R r1 ,;, a b d o men,R r - r . , . s h o r te thblack; male hypopygiumu'ith the ventromesallobes of basistylescontiguousor other ar m atur e.
a n d t r u n c a t eda t mi d l i n e ;d i sti stl 'l eu' ithouttuber cles
-;.t
(
l
i
l'
ing.
0.i m m .; antenna,aboutm m .;
M a l e . - L e n g th , a b o u t
2 . 8- I m m .
Rostrumand palpi black.Antennaeblack throughout,of moderatelengthfor
beyondthe proximalfive or six verya memberof this genus;flagellarsegments
long and filiform. Head gray.
Pronotumand mesonotumchiefly gray, the praescutumwith a more or lessdistinct,more blackened,centralstripe,the usual lateral pair of stripeslacking.
Pleura light gray, the ventral sternopleuriteand meron somewhatdarker gray.
Legswith coxaegray; reblackened.
Haltereswith stemwhite,nob conspicuously
mainderof legsblack, without pattern.Wings (Fig. l) subhyaline,the stigmal
region vaguely tinted with very pale brown; veins brownishblack. Venation:
var iablein lengthand shape,
R r , , n s h o rte rth a n R ,+:r; ce l l l st M" somewhat
in the holotypeas figuredwith inner end slightlylongerand morepointedthan invariable in length, in casesonly
the paratype; cell M, about parallel-sided,

220

V .O L . l V
A N A L E SD E L A E S C .N A C . D E C T E N C I A SB T O L O G I C A S

about one-fourthlonger than its petiole,in others (as figured) fully twice thelength of petiole.
Abdomen,includinghypopygium,uniform brownishblack. Male hypopygiumwith the ventro-mesallobes of basistylescontiguousat midline of body but notforming a completebridge, the apex of each lobe truncated. Dististyle a terete
lobe,without armature,gradually narrowedto the obtusetip. Gonapophyses
longand sword-like.
H abitat.-Mexico ( Michoacan).
Holotype, d, Cerro Tancitaro, altitude 10,800feet, swept from herbs in open
pine forest, July 17, l94l (Hoogstraal lY-29). Paratopotype d, altitude 10,i00
feet, swept from herbs near water, July 18, l94l (Hoogstraal lY-27).
The genusTrichoceraas it occursthroughoutthe Holarcticregionhas alu'a1's
proved to be one of the most difficult taxonomicgroups in the Diptera. It has
at least,rangeentirely arounclthe earth
beenassumedthat certainof the species,in the Holarctic belt whereasothers are very local in their known clistribution.
(Trans. Soc.British Ent., \': lil
By meansof Edwards'skey to the British speciesl9l8), the presentfly runs to T. t'uscataMeigenor T.major Edwards,which havethe male hypopygium entirely different in structure. In the western Nearctic
fauna, the fly more closely resemblesspeciessuch as T. columbiana Alexander,of the northwesternUnited Statesand westernCanada,differing in the generalcoloration,detailsof venation,and structureof the male hypop;'gium.l-he stillinsufficientlyknown T. brumalis Fitch, describedfrom the northeasternL'nitedStates,differs from the presentfly in the coloration,both the u'ings and legs
pale at their bases,as in the westernPalaearcticf. hiemalis
being conspicuously(De Geer) and T. paraa Meigen. The famil,v Trichocericlaeand the genus
Tricbocerahad not previously been recordedfrom l\{exico.
Trpur,roarGen. Tipula Linnaeus
Tipula (Trichotipula)aplectasp. n.
Figs.2,5.
Mesonotalpraescutumwith central portion reddish brown, the lateral regions
conspicuouslyvariegatedwith black and yellow in alternateareas; femora yellorv,
blackened;wings with a yellow tinge, only
the tips narrowly but conspicuously
sparselypatternedwith darker; macrotrichiain outer ends of cells R' R, andM r; male hypopygiumwith both dististylesunusually simple in structure,theinner style long and slender.
Male.-Length, about l2 mm.; wing, 12.5mm.; antenna,about 4.5 mm.
Female.-Length,about l4 mm.; wing, l4 mm.
Frontal prolongationof head relatively short, obscureyellorv, narrorvly'but
conspicuouslydark brown above; nasus distinct, dark brown; palpi brown.
Antennae (male) moderatelylong; basal three segmentsobscure,v'ellou',succeedof the more proximal
ing segmentspassinginto dark brown, the basalenlargements
segmentsa trifle more yellowish; flagellar segmentsmoderately incised; longest

A L E X A N D E RR, E C O R D A
S N D D E S C R I P T I O NOSF M E X I C A NC R A N EF L I E S( T I P U L I D A E ) 2 2 1verticilsa little shorterthan the segments;in the female,antennaea little shorter.
Head in front obscureorange,the posteriorportions brownish yellow, the centerof vertex conspicuously
more infuscated.
Pronotum obscureyellow above, more darkened laterally. Mesonotalpraescutum handsomelypatternedwith reddish brown, yellow and black, the broadcentral disk reddishbrown, includingthe median stripe that expandsbehind toinclude the usual lateral areas; two isolatedblack marks on praescutum,one
at cephalicportion on either side of the median stripe, the secondmark moreposterior,at its cephalicend sendinga narrowline lateradto the praescutalborderwhere it is again expanded;theseblack marks isolatemajor clear yellow areasat the humeralregionand laterally behindthe pseudosutural
foveae;scutallobes
reddish brown, the extreme cephalic-lateralportion blackened,this being a
posteriorextensionof the praescutaldarkening; median area of scutum moreyellowish.Pleurayellow,indistinctlyvariegatedwith more reddishareas,especiallyon the ventral anepisternum,sternopleurite,meron and ventral pleurotergite.
Halteresreddishbrown, the knobsweakly darkened.Legswith the coxaerecidish
yellow; trochantersyellow; femora yellow, the tips narrowly but conspicuously
blackened,
the amount subequalon all legsor a little more extensiveon the fore
pair, involving about the distal eighth on the fore legs,about the distal fifteenthon the longerposteriorfemora; tibiae obscureyellow,the tips narrowly infuscatedto blackened;basitarsiobscureyellow,passinginto black at tips, the remainderof
tarsi black; claws(male) with a singletooth. Wings (Fig. 2) with a strongyellow
tinge, the prearcularand costal fields, togetherwith the stigma, slightly morebrownishyellorv; cell Sc cleareryellow, especiallyon outer portion; veins brownish black, insensiblyborderedby darker; veins of prearcularand costal fietds
more obscureyellou'.Macrotrichiain outer portionsof cells R, to M.,, inclusive(their positionindicatedin figure by dots). Venation:Sc" ending about opposite
one-fourththe length of Rs, the latter shorter and more arcuatedthan m-cu;
petioleof cell M, shorterthan nt; nt-ctt at fork of ht ,, ,, the latter longerthan
r-m; cell Znd A moderatel_yu'ide.
Abdominal tergitesreddish brown, narron'ly borderedlaterally by black;sternitesobscureyellow; subterminalsegments
moredarkened;hypopygiumyellow.
ovipositor with cercistraight,their tips obtuse.Male hypopygium(Fig. 5) with
the ninth tergite,9t, transverse,
the caudalmargin with a broad U-shapednotch,
eachlateral lobe obtusewith a triangular lobule on ventral face,this lobule andthe margin of tergite set with abundant black spinous setae,those at exact
midportion of notch longer and more setoid; spinesof ventral lobulesretrorse.
Dististylesas figured,the inner style,id, unusuallyslender,a little more expanded
and blackenedon basal third, the apex truncated, blackened;outer marginof style with abundantlong yellow setaethat are longer than the diameterofstyle; outer dististyle,od, with abundantsetae;betweenthe two stylesand apparently interconnectedwith both lies a pale yellow flattened blade. Eighthsternite,8s, relativelylarge and sheathing,the caudalborderemarginatebut filledwith hyaline membrane;lateral lobeswith abundantdensesetae.

222

A N A L E SD E L A E S C .N A C . D E C I E N C I A SB I O L O C I C A S\ ',O L . I V

H abitat.-Mexico (Michoacan).
Holotype, d, Pedregalde Tancitaro, altitude 6,186 feet, on a forestedflood
plain, August 14, 1940(HoogstraalIII-D 65). Allotopotype,?, August 15, 1940
( H o o g s t r a aIII-Dl6 5 ).
Tipula (Tricbotipula) aplecta is the first member of the subgenusto be
describedfrom Mexico. It is entirell, distinct from the various Nearctic species
so far described,being closest perhaps to T. (f .) cxtnarronensisRogers, ofOklahoma.The generalcolorationand certain of the detailsof the male hypopygium, as the ninth tergite,outer dististyleand eighth sternitesuggestvarious
speciesof l,'lepbrotomaMeigen, but the speciesis evidently a true Tipula. It
should be affirmed that the various subgenericgroups of Tipula that most'l'richotipula
nearly approachthe virtually CosmopolitangenusNephrotoma^reAlexander,Nobilotipula Alexander,and Nepbrotomodes,subgen.n.
Tipula (Bellardina)larga sp. n.
Irig.4.
Size large (wing, male, over 2i mm.); generalcolorationdark brorvn,thepraescutumwith four stripesthat are narrolvly borderedby darker, the lateralpair more obscured;femora with distal half blackened,the extremetip and anarrow subterminalring yellowish white; wings pale brown, r'ariegatedu'ith
areas,the latter in a zigzagpattern; male h)'podark brown and cream-colored
hornpygium with the basistyleat apex prorluceclinto a small but conspicuous
bilobed rod.
at apex into a long, unequall,r'like point; outer dististyleproclucecl
M a l e .-L e n g th ,a b o u t2 5 mm.; u' ing,27 mm .; antenna,about- l.l mm .
F e m a l e .-.L e n g tha,b o u tJ0 mm.;' wing,2U mm .; antenna,about4 mm .
Frontal prolongationof headgrayish brown above,includingthe long nasus,
the sidesdark brown; palpi brownishblack. Antennaewith the elongatescapecorrugated;pediceland first flagellarsegmentobscureyellow;
brown,transversely
succeedingflagellar segmentsweakly bicolored,their basesrestrictedlydarkened,
Head grayish brown, conspithe stemsyellow; verticils long and conspicuous.
cuouslypatternedwith dark brown, including a median vitta from the vertical
tubercle almost to the occiput, together with equally evident darkeningson
posteriorvertexbehindeyes.
Pronotum buffy laterally, trivittate with dark brown, the median area
broader.Mesonotalpraescutumrvith the ground color dark, the disk rvith four
stripes,the intermediatepair reddishbrolvnwith narrow dark borders,the lateralpair much darkerand poorly differentiatedfrom the ground; scutumdark brown,each lobe with two reddishareas that are borderedby bro*'n; scutellumgray
dark; mediotergite
with a brown spoton eithersideof the midline,the parascutella
pleurotergite
brott'n, the elevatedgray, patternedwith three blackenedlines;
silken yellow. In the female,the intermediatepraescutalstripes
katapleurotergite
reddenedbehind. Pleura light brown
are more grayish,the posteriorinterspaces
brown,patternedwith darker,includingareason the dorsalpleurites,or testaceous
ventral sternopleuriteand the meron; dorsopleuralregion broadl-vbuffy. Halteres

A L E X A N D E R ,R E C O R D SA ^ " D D E S C R I I ' T I O N S
O I : N I E X I C A NC R A N E F L I E S ( T I P U L I D A E )22)with stem obscureyellow, knob dark brown, its apex pale. Legs with the coxae
more or less infuscated,their apices paler; trochantersobscureyellow; femorawith basal half reddish brown, the apical portion black, enclosinga yellowish
white ring, the extremetip similarly pale; tibiae with extremebasewhitened,thefollowing portion pale brown, the distal half darker brown; tarsi dark brown,p a s s i n gi n t o b l a ck. Wi n g s (F i g .4 ) pale br own, var iegatedwith dar k br own andcream-yellowareas in the usual pattern of the subgenus,including a narrow
zigzagpale band at midlength of wing and well before cord; distal half of cellR, pale; all cells at wing margin narrowly but more intenselydarkenedat theveins but interruptedb-vpale centralspots; further irregular pale areasin vicinityof cell I st llI, and in cellsCu, I st A and Znd .4,' veins yellow. Venation: Cell R,
slightly constrictedbefore midlength; inner end of cell lst Mz pointed;?n-cu
on M.t . shortly before fork.
Abdominal tergitesreddish brown with a sublateralblackenedstripe; caudal
and postero-lateralborders of tergitesnarrowly pale; basal tergitesmore blackened;sternitesmorereddishbrown; hypopygiumsomewhatdarkerbrown.Ovipositor
with cerci reddish brown, their tips obtuse.Male hypopygium (Fig. 4) with thetergite,9/, shield-shaped,
the caudal border notchedand toothed,about as shown;the central emarginationat base bearing a small blackenedflange on either sideo f t h e m i d l i ne . B a si styl eb, , a t a p e x pr oducedinto a small but conspicuous
hor n like point. Dististyles as figured, the outer, od, rvith the long slender rostral
portion more or lessbilobed,the enlargedbasal portion with a fringe of powerfulbristles; shorter lobe denselyhairy, the longer one more glabrous.Ninth sternite
with a conspicuousappendage,as common in the subgenus,appearing as two
closelyapplied lobeswith upturned margins.
H a b ' J t at.-Me xi co(Mi ch o a ca n) .
Holotype, d, In pine forest just above Uruapan,on the Uruapan-Apatzingan
road, altitude 5,000 feet, June 20, l94l (Haag) ; Hoogstraal IV-O. Allotype,9, at light, in mountain meadow,Cerro Tancitaro, altitude 7,800 feet, July 3,
l9 4 l ( H o o g s tra a l Y -Z )).
Three speciesin the sugenusBellardina Edwards, l9)1, have been previously
describedfrom Mexico. These include T. (8.) parrai Alexander and T. (8.)
schiqomeraAlexander,both from the mountainsof Chiapas,and T. (8.) craverii
Bellardi,the type of the subgenus.This latter was from an unspecifiedlocality in
Mexico,the type material having beencollectedby Ettore Craveri, of Bra, Cuneo
province, in the Italian Piedmont. The identity of this last-namedspecieshas
never been settled to my own satisfactiondue to inability to study the typematerial. It is certain that there are severalspeciesof the subgenusin Mexico,
togetherwith at least ten to twelve further speciesin the Rocky Mountains andwestern United States to the north. The only course to follow seemsto be tocontinue to treat craaerii as an unrecognizablespeciesuntil some date when alectotypecan be designatedand further studied.From Bellardi's description,his
specieshas the samebody length as the presentfly but with the expanseof wings
considerablyless(53 mm. insteadof about 50 mm.) in male sexof the presentfly.
As regards the type material of craverii, that contained in the de Saussurecol-

224

A N A L E S D E L A E S C .N A C . D E C T E N C T A S
B T O L O G T C AV
SO
. L. rV

lectionis preservedin the Natural History Museumat Geneva,Switzerland;thepresentlocation of the Craveri specimensis unknown.Walther Horn (Uber
Entomologische
Sammlungen,
l%5-1937) makesno mentionof Craverior of thefate of his collection,which, accordingto Bellardi, was particularly rich in
Coleoptera.
It may be presumedto be in the Natural History Museumat Turin,
Italy.
Subgen.Nephrotomodes n.
Nasususually distinct,rarely lacking (auriga). Antennaeof male long tovery long, in most casesone-thirdthe lengthof body or more; scapeunusuallyshort; flagellar segments
only slightly incised,their basal enlargements
small;
verticilsmuch shorterthan the segments.
Vertical tuberclelacking.Vestitureofpraescutumand scutumexceedinglysparseand reducedin size.Claws (male)toetheror simple.Wingswith R, , preserved
or atrophied;Rs short,subequalto
or a little longerthanm-cu,'veinM",,, shortto very short;cell7nd A of moderate
width to very narrow.Cells of wings glabrous,rarely (Ianguidula,myriatricha)
with trichia in outer cells; squamausually naked,rarely providedrvith bristles(eploneand allies).
Male hypopygiumwith the tergite distinct from the sternite,of various
forms,usuallywith a medianas well as lateral lobeson caudalborder; in stillotherspecies,
tergalmarginmerelybilobed;still more rarely the tergiteproduced
into a long compressed
medianblade; from beneaththe tergiteat base,possibll'
a modificationof the anal tube,projectsa conspicuous
medianstructure,in cases
as long as the tergite itself or even longer; this structureusually f lesh-r',incases(smilodon,terribilis) conspicuously
toothedor spinedat apex. Basistvle
usuallywith a blackenedsquamose
lobe on mesalface,this sometimes
entirely
pale or rarely IackingDististyleusuallycomplex.Gonapophyses
simple,usualll'appearingas small flattenedspatulatebladessubtendingthe aedeagus.
Penis
commonlyvdry long and filiform. Ninth sterniteusuallywith a fleshvsimpletomore or less deeply bilobed structurein the notch. Eighth sternitesimple orbilobed;shortto very long and strongl,vsheathing;in cases(smilodonanclallies)
bearingtwo conspicuous
spineson caudalborder.Ovipositorwith valvesusuallyfleshy,the outer facesof cerciwith short setaeto their tips; in cases(didactyla)
the cercimore elongateand sclerotized
but stout.
Type of subgenus:Tipula smilodonAlexander(Neotropical).
group u'ould be necesFor sometime it has appearedthat a new subgenericsary for thosespeciescenteringaroundparisbi,smithi and smilodon,eviclently
representing
a vast host of specieswithin the Neotropicalfauna. Although the'l'ipulavariousspecies
showcertainfeaturespossessedand byby other groupsof
the genusNephrotoma,neverthelessthe sum-totalof characters
appearsto definegroup that will be helpful in delimitingthe genus
a relativelystrongsubgenericin Tropical America.At first sight it appearsthat more than a singlesubgenus
might be involved in the group sincevariousspeciessuperficiallyappearto bequite distinctfrom othersincluded.HoweverI feel that onll' a singlesubgenericA L E X A N D E R ,R E C O R D SA N D D E S C R T P T I O NOSF M E X I C A N C R A N E F L I E S ( T I P U L I D A E )22'group is involved. Certain of the hypopygial characterssuggestthe genus
Nephrotoma,these including the blackenedsquamoselobe on mesal face ofbasistyleand the nature of the eighth sternite.The following speciesseernsafeiy
to be referredto this newgroup:
amoenicarnisAlexander.Argentina, Brazil, paraguay.
auriga Alexander.Ecuador.
almara Alexander.Bolivia.
bilimehi Alexander.Mexico.
cerogamaAlexander.Ecuador.
colombicolaAlexander.Colombia.
ctenopygaAlexander.Panama.
decensAlexander.Peru.
detectaAlexander.Venezuela.
diacantbosAlexander.Peru.
didactyla Alexander.Peru.
eflera Alexander.Peru.
elf eta Alexander.Peru.
' effulta Alexander.Ecuador.
epioneAlexander.Bolivia.
f erociaAlexander.Brazil.
?araguay.
f iebriSi Alexander.
glailiatorAlexander.Brazil.
guata Alexander.Brazil.
guerreroensis
Alexander.Mexico.
gutticellula Alexander.Br azil.
icastaAlexander.Ecuador.
inaequilobalaAlexander.Ecuador.
infida Alexander.Ecuador.
intemperataAlexander.Ecuador.
lagotis Alexander.Brazil.
languidula Alexander.Peru.
laticostata Alexander.Br azil.
Ienta Alexander.Ecuador.
ietalis Alexander.Brazil.
lu"ctit'ica
Alexander.Ecuador.
Iyrit'ormisAlexander.Peru.
macrosterna
Alexander.Guatemala,Honduras.
multimodaAlexander.Colombia.
myriatrichaAlexander.Peru.
nigroaariegata Alexander.Ecuador.
pala Alexander.Brazil.
palaeogama
Alexander.Ecuador.
paloidesAlexander.Brazil.
parishi Alexander.Brazil.
perangustulaAlexander.Costa Rica, Colombia.
perdelectaAlexander.Peru.
perlaticostaAlexander.Brazil.
plumbeitbora.tAlexander.Peru.
pritchardi Alexander.Mexico.
pritchardi glabristyla subsp.n. Mexico.
pr olixisternaAlexander.Ecuador
retrusa Alexander.Venezuela.

,

l

:

t

226

ANALEStJELA ESC.NA(..DE C I E N ( ] I A SB I O L O G I C A SV, O t , . I V

qnmtertAlexander.Brazil.
scbtaarsex-cincta
Alexander.Brazil.
smilodonAlexander.Ecuador.
smitbi Alexander.Brazil.
spiricaudaAlexander.Panama. .
sternobir
sufa Alexander.Ecuador.
subint'uscata
Williston. LesserAntilles.
tancitarosp. n. Mexico.
temperataAlexander.Mexico.
tenuilobataAlexander.Ecuador,Peru.
trinidadensis
Alexander.Trinidad.
trinitatis Alexander.Trinidad.
uropboraAlexander.Colombia,Ecuador.
pnalis Alexander.
Venezuela.

pritchardi glabristyla subsp.n
Tipula (Nephrotomodes)
Very similar to the typical form (Guerrero),differing especiallyin the wing
pattern and in details of structureof the male hypopygium.Costal border andstigma of wing more distinctly darkened,brown, forming a conspicuousmargin;
in the typical form more yellorvish brown. Male h;'popygium with the outerdististylestrongly blackened.Inner dististylewith the broad apical blade glabrousor virtually so on distal half. In the ty'picalform the outer dististyleis uniformly
pale,rvhilethe apical bladeof the inner style is differently shapedand is provided
with abundantsetaeto the very apex.
H abitat.-l\{exico ( M ichoacan) .
Holotype, S, Pedregalde Tancitaro, on pine, altitude 6,000 feet, Jurl' 2+,l94l (HoogstraalIV-2). Allotopotype,?, pinned with type. Paratopotypes,2 66,
I g , w i t h t y p e ; I d , a l ti tu d e 7 ,700feet,in damp r avine, June25, lgll ( l,laag) ;H o o g s t r a alIV -l t.
Tipula (Nephrotomodes)
tancitaro sp n.
Figs.3, 6.
General colorationof mesonotumyellow, the praescutumrvith three poorly
indicatedbrownishgray stripes,the median one weakly divided b_r'double capillary brown Iinesi pleurayellow; femora yellow, unmarked;wings u'ith a brownish
tinge, cell C darker brown, Sc more yellow; abdominal tergites ).ellow withconspicuousblack lateral stripes,widened behind, forming a black subterminal
ring on segmentsseven and eight; hypopygium yellow; male h_r'popygium
withthe tergal lobes low, set with short stout setae; distist;'lecomplex,the apex of
rostrum obtuse.
M a l e . - L e n g th , a b o u t 1 3 mm.; wing, ll.5 m m .; antenna,about 4.8 m m .
Frontal prolongation of head brownish yellow; nasus conspicuous;palpi
pale brownish yellow, the elongateterminal segmentdarkened basally, thence
passinginto light yellow. Antennae (male) relativel_r'long;basal three segments
yellow ; succeeding
segmentsbicolored,brownish black, the extremeapex of themore proximal segmentspale; flagellar segmentsrather conspicuouslyincised,ALEX.ANDER
R,E C O R D S
A N D D E S C R I P T I O NOSF M E X I C A I -C R A N EF L I F S ( T I P U L I D A E ) 2 2 7with long ve'rticils.Head buffy yellow, with vagueindicationsof a darker medianline; vertical tuberclelackingor virtually so.
Pronotum brownish gr^y. Mesonotal praescutumyellow with three very
poorly indicatedbrownishgray stripes,the medianone weakly divided by double
capillary brown lines; scutal lobes and region of wing root weakly darkened;scutellum and postnotum clear light yellow. Pleura yellow. Halteres brownish
yellow,knob darkened.Legswith the coxaeand trochantersyellow; femorayellow
throughout;tibiae obscureyellow, the tips very narrowly infuscated;tarsi black;c la w sw i t h a si n g l eto o th .Wi n g s (F i g.3) with a br ownishtinge; cell C som ewhat
darker brown, cell Sc cleareryellow; stigma short-oval,brownish yellow; veinsbrown. Venation: Rs a little longerthan m-cxt.;petioleof cell M, slightly exceeding m.
Abdominal tergites yellow with a conspicuousblack lateral stripe, more
intensein color on the secondsegment,wider posteriorly; a black subterminal
ring involving the seventh and eighth segments;hypopygium yellow. Male
hypopygium (Fig.6) with the tergite,9t, elongate,the caudal margin shallowly
emarginate,each lateral lobe very low, the outer margin with elongateyellow
setae,the caudal portions of the lobes with shorter and denser black setae.
Basistyle before apex with a low lobe bearing four or five strong black setae
and additionalnormal more slendersetae.Dististyle,d, as figured; rostrum shortand obtuse.Ninth sternite with paired pendant pale lobes, as common in thesubgenus.Eighth sternite transverse,the posterior border slightly projecting
unarmedwith lobesor setalbrushes.
H abitat.-Mexico ( Michoacan).
Holotype, d, Pedregalde Tancitaro, on forested flood plain, altitude 6,586
l D 66) .
f ee t ,Au g u s t 1 5, 1 9 1 0(H o o g stra a IIITipula (l{ephrotomodes)tancitaro is readily distinguishedfrom all otherb1'the structureof the male h1'pop1'gium,
allied membersof the subgenus
especially the dististyle.
Tipula nimbinervis sp. n.
Fie. l l.

Belongsto the glapltyroptera group, allied to mocteqltrnae;mesonotumbufdark brown stripes; antennael3-segfy, the praescutumrvith four conspicr-rous
relatively
shortin
sexes;
mented,bothscapeand pedicelyellow, flagellum black;legsblack, onlv the femoral basesrestrictedlybrightened;wings obscureyellow,
the ground color much restrictedby dark borders to virtually all the veins;anterior prearcularfield and costal border heavily darkened;abdominaltergites
yellow, trivittate with black; male h_ypopygiumwith the lobe on caudal marginof eighth sternitenearly three times as long as width acrossbase.
M a l e . - L e n g th , a b o u t 1 5 mm.; wing, 17 m m .; antenna,about 4 mm .
F e m a l e . - L e n g th , a b o u t l 8 - I9 m m .; r ving, 15- 16.5 m m .; antenna,
about 2.5 mm.
Frontal prolongationof head yellowishbrown; nasusdistinct; palpi black.
Antennaerelatively short in both sexesbut longer in male; scapeand pedicel
15

22SANALESDELAESC.NAC.DECIENCIASIJIoLOCICAS,\.oL.lV

proximalyellow,flagellumplack; basalflagellarsegmenta little brightenedat
moderatelyincised;verticilsshorterthan the segments;
end; flagellarsegri-rents
thanfirst flagellarsegment(male) only moderatelylong,subequalto or shorterin front
the combinedscapeand pedicel.Head buffy gray behind,more yellow
low'
and on anteriorvertex;a capillarydark brownmedianline; verticaltubercle
Pronotumdark gray, variegatedwith brown. Mesonotalpraescutumbuffy
entire dark brown stripes;scutumbuffy, each lobe with
with four conspicuous
yellow,in
two dark brown areas;scutellumand postnotumabruptly paler,buffy
withcasesmore distinctlydarkenedmedially.Pleurayellowishgray, variegated
Haltereswith stem obscuredarker gray,especiallyon the ventral sternopleurite.
yellow;yellow,knobdark brown.Legswith coxaelight yellowishgray;trochanters
inl'olving
remainderof legsblack, only the femoral basesnarrowly yellow, notmore than the proximalseventhor eighth of the segment;claws (male) simple'
patternedwith
Wings with the restrictedground color obscureyellow, heavily
seamsto the veins and as a borderbrown,appearingespeciallyas conspicuoLls
andaroundthe entire,"ing, darker and broaderin the anteriorprearcularfieldareasbefore
in costalfield; stigrnapale brown,poorly differentiated;obliterative
posterior
rtigmaand acrossbaseof cell I st M ,even morewhitenedand conspicuous;
SquamaprJurculurfield yellow; veinsbrown,brighterin the last mentionedarea'
In the allotype
naked.Venation:Rs approximatelyone-halflonger than m-cu'
af m' thefemale,the right wing has cell lst M, abnormallyopenby the atrophv
left wing normal.
theBasal abdominaltergitesin male bright yellorv,trivittate with black'and succeeding
outer stripessublateral,the extremebordersgray; on the fourth
the segments;
segmentsthe stripes becomemore extensive,chiefly coveringa medianblack
hypopygiumextensivelybrownishyellow; sternitesyellow,withyellow' the median,irip.. in the female,the entire abdomenis more extensively
cerci very longtergal stripe somewhatpaler and more diffuse.Ovipositorwith
ninth tergite'
and slender,nearly straight.Male hypopygium(Fig. I I ) with thenotch' the broad
9/, extensive,pale, the caudalmargin with a deep U-shaped
beingslightly'
laterallobeswith their posteriorborderssinuous,the lateralportion' d, asDististl'lemore producedthan the mesalpart, all anglesbroadly obtuse.
flattened'its length
figured,the outerdististyleor posteriorlobe of a singlestyle
8s, with aa little more than three times its greatestwidth. Eighth sternite'setae'thewith long, conspicuotts
meCianlobe, flattened-depressed,
conspicuous
lengtha little lessthan threetimesthe width acrossbase'H abitat.-Mexico ( Michoacan)'feet' July
Hototype,d, Cerro Tancitaro,flying againsthouse'altitude6'000?, on pine in pine-alderforest'i, lg4l (Haag); HoogstraalIV-6. Allcttol>otype,
9' Pedregal
altitude7,000feet,June 28, lg4l (HoogstraalIV-12)' Paratopotype'
24' l94l (Haag);de Tancitaro,on ravine vegetation,altitude 6,000feet' Jttne
IV-1.
Hoogstraal
the mocte1uDespitethe verYdifferentwing pattern, I must refer this fly toforms, a1tecaAlexander'
mae subgroupof the genus,includingamong the clescribedA L E . \ A N l ) l ;R . R I : ( - O R D SA \ D

D l : S ( - R I l ' 1 ' 1 0 \ SO I; ! l l : \ l C A \( . R A N Ll : t - l E S( 1 ' l l ' U L I D A E ) 2 2 9*ortrq)*ae Alexander,virgulata \\/illiston (oreomyioidesAlexander)and 4eltale
Alexander.The presentfly differs from the abovemost evidently in the patternof the wings.
Tipula ligulipenicillata sp. n.

Fie.12Belongsto the monilit'eragroup; puncturesof praescutalinterspaces
conspicuous; antennae(male) unusually short, the basal swellingssubglobular,conspicuous; femora obscurebrownishyellow, the tips rather narrowly blackened,
the amount subequalon all legs; wings pale brown, extensivelyvariegatedwith
darker brown and whitish subhyaline,the latter including an incompletepoststigmal band; male hypopygiumwith the eighth sterniteprovided with a flattened median lobe that is provided with conspicuoustufts or pencilsof long
reddishsetae.
M a l e . - L e n g th , a b o u t l , mm.; wing, 16.3 m m .; antenna,about 6.5 mm .
Frontal prolongationof headyellow above,infuscatedon sidesand beneath;palpi brownishblack, the incisuresof the segments
nasuslong and conspicuous;
restrictedlywhitened.Antennae(male) of moderatelength, unusuallyshort fora memberof this group being only a little more than one-thirdthe length of thewing; basal three segmentsyellow; fourth flagellar segmentyellow, the basal
swellingbrownishblack; remainingflagellar segmentsalmost uniform brownish
blackor with the basalknot a little deeperin colorthan the pedicel;basalswellingsof the segmentssubglobular,as in the typical membersof the group; longest
verticils onl1, a little shorterthan the segmentsalone; segmentsprovided with
Head yellowishbrown, the centerof vertex
a short but densewhite pubescence.
with a narrow but conspicuousdark brown median vitta; vertical tubercle
undeveloped.
Pronotum buffy yellow. Mesonotal praescutumbuff"v yellou, with threebrownishgray' stripes,the median one vaguell' borderedbv darker: praescutalinterspaceswith very conspicuousbros'n setigerouspunctures: scutum withmedian portion buffy yellow, the lobes s'ith conspicuousbrou'nishgray areast h a t a r e n a r ro w l yse p a ra tebdy'p a l ergr a) ' m ar gins;scutellumobscur eyellow,then'ith the broad centralportion 1'ellow,the lateralparasbutelladarker; mediotergite
yellow. Halteresrelatively
bordersextensivelyinfuscated.Pleuraand pleurotergite
short, stem dusky, knob weakly inf uscated.Legs with coxae and trochanters
yellow; femoraobscurebrownishyellow,the tips rather narrowly but conspicuously
blackened,the amount subequalon all legs; tibiae brown, the basesrather narrowly brightened;tarsi black. Wings pale brown, extensivelyvariegatedwith
darker brown and rvhitishsubhyalineareas;prearcularfield and cellsC and Sc
uniform yellowishbrown, the latter cell unpatterned;stigma oval, dark brown;
pale areasof disk distributedas follows: An incompletepost-stigmalband fromcostathroughcell Ist M" into extremebaseof Mr; an extensivearea acrosscells
R and M beforeorigin of Rs,' other whitish markingsin basesof cellsR, M, Ctt'and r{ nal cells;outerfifth of cell R" whitened;the darkercloudsincludeespeciallyBO

A N A L M D E L A E S C .N A C . D E C I E N C I A SB I O L O G I C A S\ I,O L . I V

midlength
the outer radial cells,origin of Rs, and seamsalong vein Cu, including-[ipof Rr * "of the vein and again at and near tn-cu,' veins brown. Venation:
presentbut pale; petioleof cell M, shorterthan m; cell lst M" relativelyshort.
trivittate withAbdominaltergitesyellou,,the more basalonesconspicuously
darker, the lateral stripesnarrow, blackened,the median one paler brown, continuous but ill-delimited; basal sternitesyellow; outer segments,including
hypopygium,chiefly brownishblack; ninth tergitewith apicaland centralportions.ontpi.rously yellow.Abdomenprovidedwith abundantlong yellow setae.Malehypopygium (Fig. 12) with the caudal margin of tergite, 9t, gently concave,the outer anglesobtuselyrounded; a median f urrow down the dorsal surface,theadjoiningridgesbut little produced.Basistylewith a suboval,denselyhairy lobe
at base of dististyles.Outer dististylerelatively short and flattened,appressedto the inner style.Inner dististyle,id, as figured; setaeof outer margin variously
modified accordingto the region occupiedbut not forming a continuoriscombg, conspicuously
as in certainallied forms; beak relativelyslender.Gonapophyses,bilobed,each lobe a flattenedplate with obtuselyroundedtips, the outer lobe
broader.Eighth sternite,8s, with the median lobe a flattened long-ovalplate,constrictedat base,obtuseat apex; outer lateral portions bearing a very conspicuous tuft or broad pencil of long reddish setae; surfaceof lobe with a central
seriesof stoutersetae.
H abitat.-Mexico ( Michoacan).
HolotyPe,d, Cerro Tancitaro, in damP ravine, altitude 7,700feet, June 27,
l -1 6 ).
l 9 4 l ( Ho o g stra aIV
The presentfly is readily distinguishedfrom all known membersof theof thelob. ol ,tr. .l*L,l',,t.rnll. "l ilt. t
by thenaturemonitilerasroup"1.

Th erehair-brushes.
hypopygium,here providedwith long and very conspicuous
is no known closeallY.
Tipula michoacanasP.n.
Fig.7, 8

Males fully-winged,femalessubapterous;antennaeof male nearly as long
patternedwith yellow
as body, bicolored;mesothoraxblack, very conspicuously
the notum polishedblack; femora yellow,
on the pleurotergiteand pteropleurite,
the tips abruptly blackened;wings (male) broad,pale brown, vaguelypatterned;
in female,wingsgreatlyreduceto linear strap-likeorgans,the venationdistorted;
abdomenblack,in male with a sublateralyellow stripe,in femalewith additional
yellow brighteningson lateral portions of sternites;ovipositorwith both cerci
and hypovalvaelong and narrow; male hypopygiumwith the inner dististylebearinga long spinousarm on outer margin at base;eighth sternitenear midline
with three closelyapproximatedbrushesof long setae.
M a l e . - L e n g t h ,a b o u t 1 2 - l J m m . ; w i n g , l r - 1 6 m m . ; a n t e n n a l,0 - 1 2mm.
F e ma l e '-L e n g th ,a b o u t 1 5- 17 mm ' ; wing' 5' 5 x 0' 5 mm ; antenna'about
2.9-3 mm.

. 'F
. -M
S E X I C A NC R A N EF L I E S( T I P U L I D A E )A L E X A N D E RR.E C O R DA
SN D D E S C R I P T I O ,O

BI

Male.-Frontal prolongationof head brownishyellow; nasusdistinct; palpi
black.Antennaeelongate,almostas long as body; scape,pediceland first segmenl
segmentsbicolored,black, the elongatepedicelsof flagellum yellow; succeeding
yellow, the bicolored nature including all outer segments;basal enlargementsof segmentsrelatively small but conspicuous;longestverticils about one-third
erect pale pubescencewith very conspicuous
the length of segment;all segmentsthat is aboutone-fourthto one-fifthas long as the verticils.Headobscurebrownish
yellow, centerof wide anterior vertex polishedblack; vertical tuberclelacking.
Pronotal scutum black, scutellumnarrowly yellow. Mesonotalpraescutum,
lateral margins
scutumand scutellumuniform polishedblack, the parascutelld,of mediotergiteand all of pleurotergitepaling to obscureyellow; praescutalsetae
virtually lacking, reducedto a few tiny bristles near suture. Pleura with theand sternopleurite,
includingall of the anepisternum
propleuraand mesepisternum,
abruptly yellow,meronpolishedblack. I-lalterespolishedblack,the pteropleurite
pale brown,the baseof stemyellow'.Legswith fore coxaebrorvnishblack, middle
yellow; femora
and hind coxaeyellow,moreor lessdarkenedbasally;trochanters
blackened,yellow, the tips rather narrowly but abruptly'and very conspicuously
the amount subequalon all legs; tibiae obscure1'ellorv,the tips more narrowl)'
blackened;basitarsipale, the outer tarsal segmentsblackened.Wings (Fig.7)
large and broad, with an almost uniform pale brown tinge; cell C pale brown,
Sc light yellow; prearcularfield brownish yellow; linear darker brown washes
in cells R, M and distal end of Znd .4,' stigma virtually lacking, reducedto anarrow seamin radial field; veinsbrown,more brownishyellow in the brighteneo
areas.Squamarvithout trichia. Venation: Rs long, nearly straight, about twice
lst M" relatively
the long m-cu; R. * . entire;petioleof cell M, exceedingm,'cellsmall; cell Znd A rvide.
Abdomenchiefly polishedblack, the tergiteswith most of first segmental'ld
conspicuoussublaterallongitudinal stripes from midlength of segmenttrvo tobaseof five yellow; hypopYgiumblack, the styli yellow. Male hypopygiumwith
the caudalmargin truncateor virtuall,vso, the whole
the ninth tergitetransverse,
median area yellow, the remainderblack. Outer distist;'le a small cy'lindricallobe tipped with very long black setaethat are onl-l' a little shorter than thefrom baseof
lobe itself. Inner dististylerelativelybroacl,the beak blackenecl;
outer margin a long pou,erfulspinousrocl arises,this gracluallynarrowedintoa long acuteblack spine,the surfaceof rod n'ith numeroussetaeand microscopic
the median area with nusetulae.Eighth sterniteslightll' narron'ecloutu'arclly',
merouselongatesetaethat are arrangedin three more or less separategroupsof about twelveto fifteen each.
as in male but nearly flightless,the wings (Fig. 8)
Female.-Characters
reducedto long narrow straplike organs; venation much distorted but clearly
evident. Antennae short; flagellum almost uniform light brown to brownish
Legs proportionatelyshorter
black, varying in intensity in different specimens.
and stouterthan in the male.Abdomenwith lateralportionsof sternitebrightened,
adclitionalto the longitudinalstripe on tergites.Ovipositorrvith all valves red-23?

A N A L E S D E L A E S C . N A C . D E C I E N C I A SB I O L O G I C A SV, O L . l V

dish brown, long and straight; hypovalvae of unusual length and slenderness,:rubequalin length to the cerci.
H abitat.-Mexico ( Michoacan).
Holotype, d, Pedregal de Tancitaro, on forested flood plain, altitude 6,5t16
f e e t , A u gu st 1 4 , 1 9 1 0 (H o o g str aalIII- D 65) . Allotopotype, 9, in copula w i th
type and so pinned. Paratopotypes,14 3 ?, August 11-15, 1940 (Hoogstraal
I I I-D 65, 66).
Tipula michoacanais very distinct from all other speciesof the genusknown
to me. The structure of the male antennaevaguely suggeststhe monilit'era gtoupof the genus but the structureof the male hypopygium seemsto precludesuch
the easternand northern Nearctic
an assignment.In someregardsthe fly suggests'l-iputta(Lunatipula) disiuncta Walker which has full,v developedwings in both
sexesthough exhibiting ^ marked sexual dichroism. The strict subgenericassignmentof the fly must be left in questionuntil more is knorvn of its relatives.
Gen. Dicranoptycha

Osten Sacken

Dicranoptycha harpyia sp. n.

Fie.9, ll
General coloration testaceous1'ellow,unpatterned; antennaelvith basal twosegmentsobscure yellow, flagellum clark brown; legs yellow, the tips of theindiviclual segmentsnarrowly and inconspicuouslydarkened; wings brownish
yellow, the prearcularand costal fields cleareryellow; Rs about one-third longert h a n c e l l Ist M" ; a b d o me no f m ale with a subter m inaldar k br own r ing; m al ehypopygium with the outer dististyle proclucedat apex into a high elevatecl
crest,the beak relatively slender,terminating in an acute,slightly clecurvedpoint.
M a l e .-L e n g th , a b o u t 8 .5 m m .; wing, 7 m m .
F e m a l e . - L e n g t h ,a b o u t 8 - 8 . 5 m m . ; w i n g , 6 ' 8 - 7 m m .
Rostrum buffy yellow; palpi black. Antennae relatively short; scape ancl
pedicelobscureyellow, flagellum dark brown; flagellar segmentsgenerall-l'ol'al
to long-oval, with truncated ends; longest verticils subequal in length to thesegments.Fleaclmedium brown, sparselypruinose;anterior vertex (male) a little
lessthan twice the diameterof scape.
Pronotum and mesonotllmchiefl-vtestaceousyellow, unpatternecl.Pleura atrifle more brownish yellow. Halteres pale yellow, the knobs a trifle darker.
Legs yellow, the extremetips of femora, tibiae, and three basal tarsal segments
very narrowly and insensibly darkened; outer tarsal segmentsmore uniformly
darkened.Wings (Fig. 9) with a strong brownish yellow tinge, the prearcularand costal fields clearer yellow; veins yellow, the macrotrichia a trifle darker.
Venation: Sc, ending shortly beyond the fork of Rs, Sc' ;rt its tip; Rs about
one-third longer than cell lst M"; rn-cu from about trvo-fifths to one-half thelength of cell /s/ Mr.
Abdomen obscureyellow, in male with a subterminal dark brorvn ring involving segmentssix to eight, inclusive; abdomenof female unpatterned.MaleA \ D D E S C R I P T I O NOSF M E X I C A NC R A N EF L I E S ( T I P U L I D A E ) 2 } )A L E X , I N D E RR, E C O R D S
Dh y p o p y g i u m( F i g . l 3 ) rvi th th e o u ter dististl' le,od, of unusualconformation,asfigured; roughly suggestingthe head of a harpy eagle,whencethe specificname.
Phallosome,p, broad ancl massive.
H a b i t a t .-Me xi co 1N {i ch o a ca).nHolotype, 6,l-a N{ajada,altitude 1,200feet, swept from weedsin clearing
a ro u n d j u n g l e p o o l , A u g u st i , l 9 4 l ( Haag) ; Hoogstr aall\t- 34. Allotopotype,?.
Paratopotype,| 9.
Dicranoptychaharpl,ia rs entirely different from the approximatelyfifteen
speciesof the genLlsso far describedfrom the Nearctic region,and likewisefrom
Alexander,
the singlespecieshithertodiscol'eredin the Neotropics,D. costaricensis
from southernCosta Rica. Both of the Middle American speciesare among themost distinctfcrms of the genusin the entire world. The genusis new to the Mexicanfauna.
Gen. Limonia Meigen
Limonia (Dicranomyia)rapida sp. n.
Fig.10,14
Allied to hnabi, cliffering especiallyin the details of structureof the malehypopl,'gium.
Male.-Length, about 7.5 mm.; rving, about B mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black throughout; flagellar segments
oval. Head dark gray; anterior vertex narrow, less than the diameterof scape.
Pronotumand mesonotumgray,the praescutumwith ill-defined,more brownish stripes. Pleura light gray. Halteres with stem pale, knob darkened. Legs
with coxae gray; trochantersobscureyellow; remainderof legs black, the femoral bases narrowly obscure yellorv. Wings (Fig l0) narrow, subhyaline,t h e v e r y s m a l l sti g ma sca rce l yd i ffer entiated;veins dar k br own. Venation: Sc
short,Sc, ending a short distancebeforeorigin of Rs,' rn-cu at fork of M.
Abdomen brownish black, the basal sternitesa trifle brightened; ventral
more whitened.Male hypopygium (Fig. l4) with thedististyleof h;'poplrgir,rm
ud, much stouterthan in hnabi,the length
rostralprolongationof ventral disti5t-yle,
a little more than tu'icethe width at the level of the spines;apex of prolongationspinouspoints; both rostral
irregularly truncate,with two more or lesscleveloped
spinesfrom tubercles,that of the outer spine about one-third the length of thespine. Dorsal dististyle a simple, gently curved rod, narrowed outwardly, theg, with mesal apical lobe
tip producedinto a long black spine. Gonapophyses,
much stouterthan in knabi. ln hnabi (Fig. l5), the rostral prolongationof ventral dististyle much longer and narrower, its length some four or five times
the width at level of the rostral spines; apex of prolongationwith a single
spine, placed near the lower angle; tuberclesof rostral spinessmall, especiallythat of the outer spine. Dorsal dististyle a long powerful curved rod, more org,less dilated at about two-thirds the length, thenceconstricted.Gonapophvses,
rvith mesalapical lobe small and weak'D E L A E S C .N A C . D E C I E N C I A SB I O L O G I C A S\ .' O L . I V
DANALESn4

H abitat.-Mexico ( Michoacan).
Holotype,d, El Soledad,altitude 6,000feet,on pine,July 2, l94l (Hoogstraal

rv-r
).

The differencesfrom Limonia ( Dicranomyia)knabi (Alexander)are listed
above.Mexicanrecordsfor hnabi includethe following:
MoshbiquilRange,Chiapas,altitude2,500meters,July 17, 1925(Dampf;
M. B. l9)). SanCristobal,Chiapas,altitude2,200meters,June I l, 1926(Dampf;
M. B. 164).CerroTancitaro,Michoacan,altitude6,500feet,alongshadypath,IV-ll); altitude7, 800feet,June30, 1941,edgeof pine
July 9, l94l (Hoogstraal
forest(HoogstraalIV-18).altitude7,800feet,July 5, 1941,on grassin mountain(Homeadow(Hoogstraal
IV-17);July 8, 1941,on lupinein mountainmgxalow
ogstraalIV-21).
Descriptionsof the Dampf Chiapasstationsabovementionedare cliscussed
in an earlierpaperby the writer (Ann.Ent. Soc.Amer.,XX:.302,1927).
Limonia (Dicranomyia)insolabilissp. n.
Fie. l6
General coloration brownish gray, the praescutumrvith three conspicuous
dark brown stripes;antennaewith scapeand pedicelbrownishblack, the flagellum
yellow throughout; knobs of halteresbrownish black; femora yellow, the tips
broadly and conspicuoslyblack, the amount subequalon all legs; wings whitish
very heavily patternedwith brown; Sc, ending shortly beyond origin
subh-yaline,of Rs,' rn-cu before fork of M; abdomendark brown.
F e m a l e . - L e n g t ha, b o u t6 . 5 - 7 . 5 m m . ; w i n g , 7 . 5 - 8 . 5 m m .
Rostrum light brown, relatively long, exceedingthe scapein length; palpi
black. Antennaewith scapeand peclicelbrow'nishblack, flagellum abruptly lightyellow; flagellar segmentsoval. Head silverl' gra), in front, darker gr^y onvertex,the latter more or lessdarkenedon central portion; anterior vertex about
one-thirdwider than the diameterof scape.
Pronotum dark brown, sparsely pruinose. Mesonotum brolvnish gray, thepraescutumclearer gray on sides,the disk with three conspicuous,dark brown
stripes; posterior scleritesof notum chiefly dark brown, more or less pruinose.
Pleuragray pruinose,very restrictedlyand vaguelypatternedwith darker.Haltereswith stem yellorv, knob brownish black. Legs with coxae pale brown, sparsely
pruinose; trochantersobscurebrownish yellow; femora yellow, the tips rather
broadly and conspicuouslyblack, the amount subequalon all legs, including
approximatelythe distal seventhor eighth; tibiae obscureyellow, the basesandtips narrowly blackened; basal two tarsal segmentsyellow, the tips narrou'I1'
blackened;terminal tarsal segmentsuniformly black. Wings whitish subhyaline,
heavily and handsomelypatternedwith brown, as follows: A seriesof four costal
darkenings,the last at stigma, these areas much more extensivethan the paleinterspaces,
the secondand third slightly invading cell R behind; broad seams
along cord and outer end of cell /s/ M "; an extensivewash in outer radial fieldand very conspicuous
seamsalong veins M, Cu, distal end of Ist A, vein Znd A,

A L E X A N D E R ,R E C O R D SA N D D E S C R I P T I O \ * S
O F l \ i I E X I C A NC R A N E F L I E S ( T I P U L I D A E )85axillary border and on all outer medial veins back from the wing margin; veins
yellow, darkenedin the patternedareas.Venation: Sc, ending shortly beyond
origin of Rs, in casesto about one-fourththe length,Sc" a short distancefrom
its tip ; m-cu one-half or more of its own length before fork of M ; cell I st M,
subequalto or shorterthan the veins beyondit.
Abdomen dark brown; genitalia, especiallythe valves of the ovipositor,brightened;cerci long and very slender,gently upcurved.
H a b i t a t.-Me xi co (Mi ch o a ca n) .
Holotype, g, CerroTancitaro,altitude8,500feet,in cloudforestby sweeping
shrubs,July 3, l91l (HoogstraallV-2r). Paratopotype,?, altitude 7,800 feet,o n l u p i n e i n mo u n ta i nme a d o w July,8, l9- + l ( Hoogstr aalIV- z1) .
Limonia ( Dicranomyia) insolabilisis entirely different from all other regional
speciesof the subgenus,
being readily told by the colorationof the antennaeandl e g s ,a n d , e sp e ci a l l y,b y'th e u n u sualpatter nof the wings. In some r espectsit
more suggestscertain Palaearcticspecies,as L. ( D.) consimilis (Zetterstedt),(Alexander),and others.
L. (D ) mesosternata
Limonia(Rhipidia)commelinasp. n.
Fig.17,22
Allied to tripectillata;generalcolorationgray, patternedwith brown; antennae (male) elongate,the flagellum bicolored; flagellum with ten tripectinate
therebeingtwo elongatebranchesand a small basalspur; wings heavily
segments,
patternedwith brown on a whitish subhyalineground; male hypopygiumwith
the rostralprolongationof the ventral dististyleunusuallylong and slender,rvith
two long rostral spines.
M a l e . - L e n g t h , a b o u t 6 . 5 - 7 m m . ; u ' i n g , 7 . t - 8 m m . ; a n t e n n a ,a b o u t3 -).2 mm.
F e m a l e.-L e n g th a, b o u t 7 .t - 8 mm .; n ' i n g , 7 . 5 - 8 m m .
R o s t r u ma n d p a l p i b l a ck. A n tennae( m ale) r elativell,elongate;scapeand
pedicel brownish black; f lagellar segmentsbicolored,the basal sn'ellingsand
branchesblack,the elongatepedicelsabruptly white; terminal segmentuniformly
black; first flagellar segmentwith a singlesmall lobule; flagellar segmentstwo
to eleven,inclusive,unequally tripectinate,there being two subequalelongate
branches,with a rudimentarythird spur immediatelydistadof their bases;longest
branchat nearmidlengthof organ,approximatelytwice the lengthof the segment,
the spur about one-sixththe length of segment;spur of last branchedsegment(flagellar segmenteleven) reduced;terminal segmentslightly longer than the
penultimate,simple,narrowedat distal end. In female,flagellar segments
simplyproduced,the longesttubercleabout as long as the segmentalone and approximatel_y
threetimesthe lengthof the shortenedpale apicalpedicelof the segment.
gray,the vertex extensivelypatternedwith black; anterior vertex (male)Headreducedto a narrow strip that is only about one-third the diameterof scape;anteriorvertexof femalevery slightly wider than in male.

B6

A N A L E S D E T , A E S C . \ A C . D E C I E N C I A SB I O L O G I C A SV, O L . I \ 'Pronotum dark brown, pruinose.Mesonotalpraescutumchiefly gray pruinose,with three more or less distinct brown stripes, the anterior end of the broad
median stripe in casesmore or lessobscuredby pruinosity; posterior scleritesof
notum gray pruinose,the scutal lobes more or less darkened.Pleura and pleurotergitegray pruinose,with a narrow blackenedlongit'udinalstripe extenclingfrom
the pronotum acrossthe dorsal pleurites,becomingobsoleteabove the basesof the
middle coxae. Halteres infuscated,the basal half of stem pale. l-egs u'ith corae
more or less darkened on basal portion, the tips conspicuouslywhitened; trochanterspale; fore femora chiefly blackened,only the basal fourth pale; middle
femora extensivelydarkened,the extremetips restrictedlypale; posterior femora
chiefly yellorv, the tips narrowly blackened,this color involving approximatelyt h e d i s t al te n th ; ti b i a e d a rke n ed,the tips nar r owly blacki tar si passinginto bl ac k .
W i n g s ( Fi e . l 7 ) va ri e g a te dwith whitish subhyalineand br own; usual l y thedark color much more extensivethan the pale; dark areasof costal border deeper
in color, four in number, the last at stigma, all much more extensivethan thesometimesconfluent or virtually so to extensivelypattern the wholeinterspaces,
costal border; clouds of remaining fields of lving vet'y extensivebut paler incolor, greatly restrictingthe whitish, the most extensiveareasof the latter being
especiallyfemales,the dark clouds
post-stigmaland axillary; in other specimens,
are less extensive,in the cells beyond cord, especially,occupying the central
Venation: Sc relatively long,portions; veins dark, paler in the costal interspaces.
enclingabout oppositemidlength of Rs, Sc. at its tip ; m-cu shortll' before forkof M, in casesto nearly one-half its orvn length.
Abdomen relatively short in both sexes,clarl<brou'n, inclr.rdingthe malepaler ; basalster nitesa tr ifle br ightened.
h y p o p y gi u m,i n ca se sth e ve n tralclistist- r ' les
w i thM a l e h y po p yg i u m (F i g . 2 2 ) u ,ith the ninth ter gite.9f , nar r ou' l) 'tr ansver s e,
numeroussetae,two of the discalbristlesbeing much longerand stronger.Basistyle,b, with the ventro-mesallobe more or lesspointed at apex,with about three setae
near the apex longer ancl strongerthan the others; near base of lobe with a closegroup of about five setae arising from conspicuoustubercles.l)orsal dististyle,dd, a moderately curved, stout, black rod, the tip suddenly narrowed, acute.
Ventral dististyle, vd, relatively extensive,its total area subequal to that ofbasistyle; rostral prolongation very long and slender,considerablylonger than
the total length of the clorsaldististyle; rostral spinestwo, arising separatel,l'al
near midlength of the style, each subequalto or a little shorter than the slenderg, with mesal-apicallobe unusual'
apexof the prolongationbeyond.Gonapophyses,
l.y stout, blackened,cultriform. At base of phallosometwo blackeneclkrrobs ofuncertainhomologies,possibly developmentsof the anal tube.
H a b i ta t.-Me xi co 1Mi ch o acan) .
Holotype, d, Cerro Tancitaro, altitude 7,800 feet, at light over a mountainmeadow,July 3, l94l (FloogstraalIV-ZJ). Allotopotype, 9, pinneclrvith type'l 0 3 9 , w i th types; I 6, altitude 8,500feet sweepingshr u bsi n
Pa r a t o p o typ e s,c l o u d f o re st,Ju l y 3 , l 9 'tl (l {o o gstr aalI\/- 25) .
From the few known Neotropical speciesof Rhipidia having the flagellar
segmentsof the male antennaeunequally tripectinate,the presentfly is readily

A L E X A N D E RR
, ECORDSA N D D E S C R I P T I O NOSF N { E X I C A NC R A N E F L I E S ( T I P U L I D A E )B7

distinguishedby the structureof the male hypopygium.Among such speciesit isclosestto .Limonia ( Rhipidia) longurio Alexander of southeasternBrazil, which
differs further in the greatly elongatedabdomenof the male sex,this being shortand normal in the presentfl1'. 1'he specificname, commelina,is a somewhatfarf e t c h e da l lu si o n ,b a se do n th e a ntennalstr uctur e,to the ear ly Dutch botan i s ts ,the BrothersCommelin, three of whom began the study of plants but only two,J . a n d G . C o mme l i n ,a tta i n e drecognitionin the science.The plant genusCo m m . e l i n a( Pl u m.) L ., typ e o f th e spider wor tfam ily, Com m elinaceae,
is saiclto hav eb e e nb a s e do n th e sa meci rcu mstance.
Limonia (Rhipidia) guerrerensissp. n.

;

I

Generalcolorationgra)', the praescutumwith a median brown stripe; femora
y e l l o w , t h e ti p s b ro a d l y b l a cke ned;wings yellowishsubhyaline,with abund ant
pale brown spotsand dots; Sc short, Sc, enclingoppositeorigin of Rs,
M a l e .-L e n g th , a b o u t 6 .5 mm.; r ving,7.5 m m .
Antennaewith scapeand pecliceldark brou'n, the flagellum uniformly pale
to a linear strip, much narrower
brown. Head dark gral'; anterior vertex reclucecl
than in multiguttata.
Mesonotalpraescutumgray, u'ith a very broacl,meclian,brown stripe that
becomesstill clarkerbrown befclrethe suture; lateral stripesscarcelyeviclentgray,shortly bordereclon mesal eclgenear suture b1, dark brown. Pleura gray, lined
more broadly
longitudinally with narro\\' brorvn stripeson ventral anepisternLlm,
and conspicuouslyso on the ventral sternopleurite,meron, and acrossbasesof
the middle and hind coxae.Halterespale. Legswith femora yellow, rather broadly
a n d c o n s p i cu o u sl yti p p e cl w i th black or br ownish black; tibiae vellow, ver ynarrowly tipped rvith clarker; tarsi yellow. Wings yellowish subhyaline, with
abundant pale brown dots and scattered,somewhat larger ancl clarker browns p o t s ,t h e l a tte r i n cl u d i n gfo u r costalar eas,ar r angedas follows: Above ar cul us ;at supernumerarycrossveinin cell Sc,' a common area at tip of Sc and origin of
R s , a n d t h e sma l l sti g ma l a re a ; scar celylar ger seamsalong cor clancl outer e ndo f c e l l I s t M,, a n d a s sma l l ma r ginal cloudsat ends of longitudinalveins; thes m a l l e r d o ts i n cl u d e a l l ce l l s a ncl ar e in par t conflLr ent;r ' eins pale, dar ker i n
the cloudedportions.Venation: Sc short, .Sc,enclingabove the origin of Rs; m-c'LL
j u s t b e f o r efo rk o f M.l n th e p a rat) ' pe,.Sc,extenr lsto oppositeone- fifththe len gthof Rs but the darkeneclspot at its tip lil<en'isecoversthe origin of Rs and it isconsideredas being conspecific.
Ab d o mi n a lte rg i te sp a l e , l i n ecllongitudinallywith dar ker . Male hypopygi um
almostexactly as in multiguttata,'rostral prolongationslenderand nearly straight,
r v i t h t w o l on g sp i n e sth a t a re sl ightly unequal;spinessubequalin length to theprolongation,placedclosetogetherat near two-thirds the length.
H a b i t at.-Me xi co (Gu e rre ro,Chiapas) .
Holotype, S, Chilapa, Guerrero, October 1929 (t. Scbultry). Paratype, 3,l { o s h b i q u i l R a n g e ,C h i a p a s,a l ti tude 2,iA} meter s,July 17, 1925( Dam pf; M. B.
l 9 l ) ; Al e xa n d e rC o l l e cti o n .

BSI A N A L E S D E L A E S C ,N A C . D E C I E N C I A SB I O I . . O G I C A\S' O. L . I V

Closelyallied to multiguttata (Alexander),of southernMexico to Panama,differing especiallyin the short vein Sc, conspicuouslyblackenedtips of thefemora,and the dark ventralpleuralstripethat involvesthe middle and hid coxae.
Gen. Epiphragma Osten Sacken
Epiphragma (Epiphragma) celator sp. n.

Generalcolorationof mesonotalpraescutumgray, the humeralportionsreddened,narrowly borderedlaterally with blackish; antennaelong for the female
sex,the secondand succeedingflagellar segmentsconspicuouslybicolored,brotl'on the outernish black, the apicesyellow, the amount of the latter decreasing
portions,theventraldark brown on dorsal andsegmentsipleura conspicuouslyintermediatesectionyellowishgra!i halteresdark brown; legsyellow, the apicesof the femoraweakly infuscated;wingsgrayishyellow,with a heavy pale brownpattern that is narrowly borderedby darker brown and is in part ocelliform;
Rs angulatedand spurred at origin; abdominal tergites gray, patternedwith
dark brown, the apicesof the tergitesvery narrowly yellow; sternitesobscurebrownishyellow.
F e m a l e .-L e n g th ,a b o u t l 'z.i mm .; wing, ll.5 X J.' 1 mm .; antenna,about
4 mm.
Rostrum brown, yellow pollinose;palpi black. Antennaerelatively long forthe femalesex,indicatingan even more elongatemale organ; scapeand pedicel
bicolored,brownish
segments
dark brown; first flagellarsegmentyellow; succeeding
theblack basally,the tips yellow,more extensivelyso on the proximal segments,
color becomingobsoleteat near midlength of the organ; flagellar segments
cylindrical or subcylindrical,the longestverticils subequalin length to the segdistinct,nonefused.Head gray,the anterior
ments;all fourteenflagellarsegments
vertex variegatedwith dark broll'n.
Pronotumwith anteriorand posteriorbordersof the scutumbuffy, the broadcentralportion dark brown,the scutellummore uniform 1'ellou'.Nlesonotalpraescutum lvith the humeral portions reddish, narrot'ly' bordered laterally withblackish; disk of praescutumchiefly coveredby more or less confluent graystripes,near the sutureshowingindicationsof four short brown stripes,the intermediatepair narrow; anteriorp<lrtionof praescutumslightly infuscated;scutal
lobesgray on anteriorportion,more infuscatedbehind; scutellumobscurebrownish yellow, the parascutelladark brown; postnotumyellowish gray, borderedlaterally and posteriorlywith darker; pleurotergiteyellowish gray, the ventral
portion darkened.Pleura with the dorsal pleurites,including the clorsopleural
membrane,extensivelyand almost uniformly dark brown; ventral sternopleurite
and meron likewiseextensivelydarkened,the broad intermediateportion muchpaler, yellowish gr^y.Halteres dark brown, the base of stem restrictedly'pale.
Legs with the coxaeyellowish gr^y; trochantersyellow; femora 1'ellou',the tips
darkened.Wings*.^t ty infuscated;tibiae and tarsi yellow,the terminal segmentswith the ground color extensivelygrayish yellow; a heavy pale brown pattern

, 4 L E X , 4 N D E RR,E C O R D SA N D D E S C R I P T I O NO
SF M E X I C A NC R A N E F L I E S ( T t P U L I D . { E )89that is in part ocelliform,with completeocellicenteringat origin of Rs and forkof M, * "; a further circulararea centeringat anteriorcord, this with only apartial hyaline area; all brown bandsvery narrowly borderedby dark brown;
stigmadarkerbrown; dark markingsof basalthird of rvingslightlydisconnectedfrom the patternof outer half of wing, the latter very irregularbut the various
to a greateror lessdegree;cell 7nd A with only two darkened
areasinterconnectedmarginalareas,excludingthe one at end of vein; veinsyellowishbrown,darker
alongCu, cordand outerend of cell 1sl M ". Yenation:Rs angulatedand spurredat origin; R, i s i + f rom about one-halfto two-thridslonger than m-cu.
Abdominaltergitesgray, patternedwith dark brown,the latter much broken
into spotsi posteriorbordersof tergitesvery narrowly yellow; sternitesobscurebrownishyellow; subterminalsternitesmore blackened.Ovipositorwith cerci
stronglyupcurved,reddishhorn-color.
H abitat.-Mexico (Michoacan).
Holotype,?, Cerro Tancitaro,altitude 7,700feet, in damp ravine, June27,
l -16).
l 9 4 l ( H o o g s t r a aI V
The nearestrelatives
are Epipl:ragma(Epiphragma)nebulosa(Bellardi)andin the pattern
E. (8.) oreonltmphaAlexander,
both of which differ conspicuouslyof the body, legsand wings.The former fly is still unknownto me exceptfrom
and figurebut evidentlyrepresents
a species
not re-discovered
Bellardi'sdescription
sinceits original captureby August Sall6 betweenlSll and l8J4:. type in the
Bellardicollectionin Turin. Italy.
Gen. Shannonomyia Alexander
Shannonomyiaadumbrata sp. n.
F i g . 1 8 ,2 5

G e n e r a lco l o ra ti o nb l a ck, h e a vily'pr uinoseu' ith light gr ay,; antennae( m ale)elongate,if bent backward extending about to the base of abdomen; knobs ofh a l t e r e sw e a kl y d a rke n e d ; l e g s b rou,nishblack to black, the femor al basesr estrictedly brightened; wings rvith a s'eak brou'n tinge; nbcu. be1'onclfork of M;
ma l e h y p o p y g i u mw i th o u te r d i sti styleblackenedand unequalll'bidentateat apex .
M a l e . - L e n g t h , a b o u t 5 - 5 . 2 m m . ; r v i n g , 5 . 3 . - i . i m m . ; a n t e n n a ,a b o u t
2 . 1- 2 . 2 m m .
F e m a l e .-L e n g th , a b o u t 6 .5 mm.; wing, 5 mm .
R o s t r u m b l l ck, sp a rse l yp ru i nose; palpi black. Antennaeblack thr oughout,
re l a t i v e l ye l o n g a tei n ma l e (F i g . 2 r) , if bent backwar dextendingabout to baseo f
abdomen; flagellar segmentselongate,more or lessfusiform, with truncated ends;
verticils shorter than the segments.Head light gray; anterior vertex wide.
Thorax almost uniform light gray over a blackenedground, the praescutal
stripes poorly indicated to lacking. Halteres pale, the knobs weakly darkened.
Legs with the coxaegray pruinose; trochantersobscureyellow; remainderof legs
brownishblack to black, the femoral basesrestrictedlybrightened.Wings (Fig. l8)
rvith a weak brownish tinge, the oval stigma very faintly darker; prearcular and240a
A N A L E S D E L A r ; S C .N A ( : . D E C T E N C T A S
B I O L O G I C A SV, O r - . r V

costalfields vaguelymore yellowishbrown; veins brown. No macrotrichiain
the lengthof Rs,
cellsof wing. Venation:Sc, endingaboutoppositethree-fourths
Sc, at its tip; R" l'ery faint, a trifle longerthan R, , r, shorterthan or subequalto
t ith R, ,., and Rs; cell lst
R r - r ; R , , , n i n v i r t u a l l o n g i t u d i n aal l i g n m e nw
M, relatively long and narrow, shorterthan vein M, *, beyond it; in somespecimens
this is longerthan in the caseof the holotypefigured; m-cu varying
from abouttwo-thirdsto virtually its full lengthbeyondthe fork of M.
Abdomenblack in both sexes,sparselypruinose,in casesthe more basal
sternitesslightly reddishbrown with their posteriorbordersdarkened.Ovipositor
with the genitalshieldblackened;cerci long and slender,gently upcurved.Malehypopygiumwith the outer dististyleblackened,especiallyat apex, the latterconspicuously
bispinous,
the spinesslightlyunequalin size.Innerdististyledusky,
shorter than the outer style, narrowedoutwardl.y.Gonapophyses
with apicalportion curved,the basemore expanded,the outer margin with a conspicuous
tooth at near midlength.
H abitat.-Mexico ( Michoacan).
Holotype,d, Cerro Tancitaro,altitude 10,500feet, sweptfrom herbs near?, altitude 11,500feet,water,July 18, l94l (HoogstraallV-27). Allotopotype,sweptfrom herbsin open pine forest,July 18, l94l (HoogstraalIV-10). Paratopotypes,| 3, sameas allotype,summit of mountain,altitude 11,800feet,July17, l94l (HoogstraallY-)2); I 9, sweptfrom grassnear stream.altitude 10,600
feet,July 17, l94l (HoogstraalI\/-28). Paratypes,| 3.2 ??, Tancitaro,altitude-1-1).
5,580feet,July 20, 1940(HoogstraalIII-D
The nearestrelativesareShannonomyia
dampfi Alexantlerand S. ov^alif
orm.is,sp. n. The former species,
one of the numerousnen'forms discor,'eredby Dampf
in Chiapas,likewisehas elongateantennaein the male sex but is an altogether
distinctfly; it has even longerantennae,sparsebut evidentmacrotrichiain theouter cellsof wing, and the hypopygialstructure,especiallythe outer dististyleand gonapophysis.
entirelydifferent.The latter fly is describedherewith,differingfrom the presentspecies
especiallyin the much shorterantennae.
ovaliformis sp. n.
Shannonomyia
Fie. 19,26
General coloration light gray, the praescutumwith a median brown stripe;
antennaeshort, the flagellar segmentssuboval, their verticils exceedingthe segments; knobs of halteresdarkened; wings with a strong brorvn tinge, the oval
stigma darker brown; 56, at extreme tip of Sc,; m-cu before midlength of cellI st M r; male hypopygium with the setaeof outer dististyle of unusual length.
M a l e . - L e n g t h ; a b o u t 6 m m . ; w i n g , 5 . 5 m m . ; a n t e n n a ,a b o u t 1 . 5 m m .
Rostrum gray; palpi black. Antennae (Fig. 26) relativel-)'short, black
throughout; flagellar segmentssuboval,with the lower face slightly'more bulging
than the outer one; verticils exceedingthe segmentsin length; compareantennaeof adumbrata ,male (Fig. 25). Head light grayA L E . \ A N D E RR, E ( - O R D A
SN D D E S C R I P ' l ' I O N
OSt ; M E X I C A NC R A N EF L T E S( t ' t p u L I D A E )241

Pronotum and mesonotumlight gray, the praescutumwith a median brown
stripe, the lateral stripesnot or scarcelyevident; centersof scutal lobes weakly
darkened;praescutalinterspaces
and posteriorborderof 'scutellumwith unusuallylong and conspicuousyellow setae.Pleura gray. Haltereswith stem whitened,knob dark brown. Legs with coxae gray; trochantersbrownish yellow; femora
brownish black, the basessomewhatbrightened,in casesmore extensivel-v
so;
tibiae and tarsi black.Wings (Fig. l9) with a strong brown tinge,the ovai stigma
darker brown; veins dark brown. Venation: Sc, ending shortly before levelof fork of Rs, Sc" longer,at its extremetip; R" subequalto R".r; tn-cu before
midlengthof cell lst Mr.
Abdomen,including hypopygium,black. Male hypopygium with the outerdististylemore stronglynarrowedand heavily blackenedon distal half, the apicalpoints short. Setaeof basal portion of style of unusual length, some extending
to beyond the apex of the style itself.
H abitat.-Mexico ( i\t ichoacan) .
Holotype,d, CerroTancitaro,altitude8,i00 feet,su,eeping
in a weedyclearing,A u g u s t2 , 1 9 4 0( H o o g s t r a aIlI I - D 5 5 ) .
Shannonontyiaoaaliformis is very similar in its general appearanceto S.
adumbrata,sp.n., which differs most conspicuously
in the more elongateantennaeof the male, this being from one-thirdto one-halflongerthan in the presentfly,
with the individual flagellar segmentscorrespondinglylengthened (compare
figures 25 and 26).
Gen. Gonomyia Meigen
Gonomyia(Idiocera)hoogstraalisp.n.
Fig.20,2)

I

Generalcoloration gray, the praescutumw'ith four brorvn stripes,the intermediatepair elongate;femcra obscureyellow,the tips dark brown; rvingswhitish
subhyaline,restrictedlypatterned with brown, including a darkened cloud inouterend of cell Rr; veinsR, ,, and R.,,confluentat wing margin or virtually so;male hypopygiumwith the outer dististylesimple,terminatingin a powerfulblackspine; inner dististyle blackened,deeply but unequally bifid; aedeagusvery
slender,provided with scatteredsetaeover most of the length.
M a l e . - L e n g th , a b o u t 5 .5 mm.; wing, 5 m m .
Rostrumand palpi black. Antennaewith the scapedarkenedbeneath,obscureyellow above; pediceland flagellum brownishblacli to black; flagellar segments
long-ovalto subcylindrical,the longestverticilssubequalin lengthto the segments;
terminal segmentlonger than the penultimate.Head dark gra-v,the front more
inf uscated.
.
Pronotum elongate,clark brownish gray, conspicuouslybcrdered laterally
yellow. Meby'pale yellow; anterior lateral pretergitesvery obscuretestacegus

242

TDE
ANALES
L A E S C . N A C . D E C I E N C I A SB I O L O G I C A SV, O L . l Vgray, with four conspicuous
brown stripes,the intermediatesonotalpraescutum
pair extendingfor virtually the wholelengthof the sclerite,wider than the medianinterspace;lateral stripesabout one-halfas wide; posteriorscleritesof notum
gray,the scutallobesand a capillarymedianline on scutumdark brown; posterior
Pleuragray,with a moreor lessdistinctobscuresclerites
more or lessinfuscated.
yellow longitudinalstripe extendingfrom the fore coxaeacrossthe sternopleurite
regionobscureyellow.Halteresand meronto the baseof abdomen;dorsopleural
relativelyelongate,
stemyellow,knob dark brown.Legswith the fore and middle
coxaeyellow,more or lessdarkenedbasally,the posteriorpair more uniformly
pale; trochanterspale yellow; femoraobscureyellow,the tips passinginto darkbrown; tibiae and basitarsiyellow,the tips more narrowlyinfuscated;remainderof tarsi brownishblack.Wings (Fig. 20) relativelynarrow,whitish subhyaline,
the prearcularfield more milky white; stigmaoval, dark brown; a more or lessdistinctbrown cloud in outer end of cell Rr; cord vaguelydarkened,indicatedalmostentirely by u deepeningin color of the veins; veins brown, pale in thebrightenedbasal portions.Venation:Sc relativelyshort, Sc, extendingto justbeyondorigin of Rs, Sc" a little removedfrom its tip, lying just basadof originof Rs,' veins R, * " and R, confluentor virtually so at tips, closingcell R, atmargin' R, _a1+ shorterthan vein Rn; m-cu.nearlytwiceits own lengthbefore
fork of M.
brownish
Abdomendark brown, the sternitesa trifle brighter; h_!'pop)'giumb, producedfar be1'ond
black. Male hypopygium(FiS. B) with the basist_t'le,
the point of insertionof the dististl'lesas an unusuallvlong anclslenderlobe,theas a flattenedod, simple,appearing
Outerdististl'le,apexslightlymoreflattened.
laterad into a powerful,blade,expandedoutwardly',the outer angle proclucecl
gently curved,black spine.Inner dististl'le,id, longerthan the outer, heavily
blackened,unequallybifid, the outer arm a long, nearl)' straight black spinea, long andthat is nearly twice as long as the stouterinner arm. Aedeagus,
unusuallyslender,the tip simple,the basalportion more or lessdilated,beyond
the expandedportion with a few scatteredsetaeover the entire length.
H abitat.-Mexico( Michoacan).
Holotype,3,La Majada,altitude1,200feet,August16,l94l (RobertTraub);
IV-lt.
Hoogstraal
Gonomyia ( Idiocera) hoogstraaliis named in honor of the leader of thevarious HoogstraalExpeditionsto Mexico.The speciesis very different fromand likewisefrom the rathernumerous
Alexander
the CubanG. (1.) angustissima
occurringin the Rocky Mountain regionof the Unitedof the subgenus
speciesStates.As usual in the Tipulidae, the structure of the male hypopygium isdistinctiveof the species.The subgenusldiocera Dale is new to the mexican
fauna.
Gonomyia (Gonomyia) connivens sp. n.

AIIied to remota,'antennaerelativelyelongate,scapeand pedicelyellow,thechieflydark brownf pleurayellowwith a conspicuous
flagellumblack; mesonotum

.tt.t:.t.lttntlx, Rli(.oRI)s A\l)

D L s ( . 1 { l l ' ' l ' l o N So l : , ! l l : \ l c , { \(-RANL l;[-lLS ( lll'L,l-lt)A]:)24)

bro w n i s hb l a c k l o n g i tu d i n a lstri p e ; l egs br ownishblack; wings subhyaline,thestigmafaintly darkened;Sc, endingsomedistancebeforeorigin of Rs, cell lst M,
and the outer dististyle
closed;male hypopygiumwith the apical lobe o[ basist-yle
as long as the r emainderof basistyle;both o f u n u s u all e n g th ,a p p ro xi ma te l.r .' twice
inner dististylebearinga long slenderspineon outer face near base.
M a l e . - L e n g th , a b o u t 4 .i mm.: wing, 4..1m m .
R o s t r u ma nd p a l p i b l a ck.A n te n naeu' ith scapeanclpedicelyellow,flagellum
long and nar r ou' .Fleaddar k.
, segm ents
b lac k ; f l a g e l l umre l a ti ve l l ,e l o n g a tethe
Pronotum yellow, narrou'l,yclarkenedlaterally'.Mesonotumalmost uniform
dark brown. Pleura yellow, w'ith a conspicuousdorsal brownish black stripe
extendingfrom above the fore coxae to the posterior portion of mediotergite.
Hal t e r e sr e l a t ive l yl o n g a n d sl e n d e r ,br ownishblack thr oughout.Legs with theof legs br ownishblack. W ings
c o x a ea n d t r o c h a n te rso b scu reye l l o w; r emaincler
s ub h y a l i n et,h e sti g ma fa i n tl y d a rkened;veins br own. Venatior t:Sc r elatively
short, Sc, ending a clistancebefore origin of Rs about equal to two-thirds thelengthof m-cu, Sc, someclistancefrom its tip; /1, :, _;4rather strongl-varcuated,
oblique; cell lst M" closed:m- cu iusts ub e q u ailn l e ng thto R s,' R ., mo d e ratel,vbeyondthe fork of M.
brighter.I'{ale hypopygium
Abdomendark brou'n.the hypopl'giumsome\r'hat
as longl.r ' twice,
wit h t h e a p i c a ll o b e o f b a si st-r'luen u suallvlong and slendernear
a trifle longer than the lobe ofas the main body of the st-r'le.Outer clistist-l'lebasi s t y l ea n d v e ry' sl e n d e r,a p p e a ri ngas a Lr nifor mlvpale r od. Inner dististylecomplex,bearing an elongatespine on outer face near base,the remainderofs t y l es h o r t e r t, ermi n a ti n gi n a p o w e rfulblack spine,bear inga sm allerpale spinecomplex.
o n o u t e r m a r g i n a t n e a r mi d l e n g th .Phallosom es
H a b i t a t . - l V Ie xi co(C h i a p a).
Holotype,d. Finca Victoria, altitude 900 meters,at trap lamp from 9 P. M.
"Thisr egionu n t i l m o r n i n g ,Ma y'2 9 , l %t (D a mp f) ; M. F. 8+ 2. Dam pf wr ites
is m u c h m o r e v i rg i n th a n F i n ca V e rgel,full of br ooks,r ivulets,bar r ancas,andthe like.-a paradisefor an entomologist".
G. (G.) remola Alexanderand
resembles
Gonomyia (Gonomyia) conniaer?s
allied forms but is entirely distinct from all known Neotropicalspeciesin theand dististyles.
structureof the male hypoplrgium,notablv of the basist-r'leGen. Erioptera Meigen
Erioptera (Empeda) mayanymphica sp. n.

Fie.24

I
I)
I

Allied to nymphica; generalcolorationblue-gray,the postnotumand ventral
pleurites vanegatedwith blackish; legs black, the tibiae and basitarsi ringed
u'ith snowywhite; wings with a weak gray tinge, the stigmal darkeningscarcely
q,ith the outer dististyle conspicuouslyblackened,
inclicated;male h_vpopygiumt e rm i n a t i n gi n tw o ma j o r sp i n o u sp o ints,with a sm all peg- likespinein the axil.
l6

244

A N A L E SD E L A E S C .N A C . D E C I E N C I A SB I O L O G I C A S\ .' O L . l \ ' ,M a l e .-L e n g th , a b o u t 1 .5 mm .; wing, 4- 4.1 mm .
Female.-Length, about 4 mm.; wing, 4.8- 5 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black throughout; flagellar segments
long-oval,the longestverticils a trifle exceedingthe segments;terminal segment
about two-thirds the length of the penultimate.Head blue-gray.
Pronotum blue-gray, the posterior portions and very restricted pretergites
more yellow. Mesonotumalmost uniform blue-gray,the praescutumnot or scarcely
patternedwith darker; lateral portionsof postnotumblackened.Pleura blue-gray,the dorsopleuralmembrane yellow; ventral sternopleuriteand meron broadly
blackened.Halterespale yellow. Legs with the coxae and trochantersbrownish
black; femora black; tibiae black with a narrow snowy white ring at near
midlength; basitarsi with approximately the proximal three-fourths similarly
snowy white, the remainderof tarsi black; legswithout flattened scalesas foundin many membersof the subgenus,the segmentscovered with long coarsesetae,
dark-coloredon the blackenedportions,whitish on the pale annuli. Wings with aweak gray tinge,the prearcularand costalfields more whitened;stigmal darkening
very weakly developedto virtually lacking, chiefly limited to a seam along vein
Rr*"i veins dark brown, pale in the br:3htenedbasal portions. Venation: Sct
ending about oppositeone-third the length of Rs, Sc, somedistancefrom its tip,Sc, alone subequalto or exceedingvein R,, the latter oblique in position; m-cuvery close to the fork of M.
Abdomen black, the surface sparselvpruinose,the extreme lateral borders
restrictedlypale; hypop)'giumchestnutbrou'n; genital segmentof female blacke n e d . M al e h yp o p yg i u m (F i g . 21) u' ith the outer dististr ' le.od, conspicuous l youts'arrllv into tu'o major spinous
blackened,the stem narro\\,,the bladeexpancled
points, with a smaller peg-like spine in the axil of the ts'o latter; outer spine
more slender,strongly curved. Inner dististy'le,id, a flattened,paddle-likeblade'H abitat.-Mexico (Chiapas).
H o l otyp e , d , F i n ca Ge rmania,altitude 1,190meter s,June 20, l9) 5, at tr ap
l a m p o n ve ra n d a ,o ve rl o o ki n gvalleys and r ocks,with man- r ' br ooks( Dam pf) ;M. F. 4571.Allotopotype,?. Paratopotypes,severald ?'EmpedaOsten
It is now evident that there are severalspeciesin the subgenr.rs
Sackenwith the general coloration of Erioptera ( Empeda) nt'mpltica Alexander,that is, having the legs black, bandedwith snowy white. Membersof this groupare now known to occur as far to the south as the Peruvian Andes.The present
fly is most similar to nympbica, still known only from the Blue l{ountains, Jamaica. The male sex of nymphica is still unknown but the speciesdiffers fromthe presentfly in the detailsof coloration,as the much larger and darker stigma
of the wing. Edwards (1939) indicatesthat Platytonta Lioy ( l86l) should replace
Empeda Osten Sacken (1869). There is an earlier use of the name Platytoma(Coleoptera,Dejean l8l3) but this is apparently a nomen nudum as there employed. Until any uncertaintyin the matter is definitel-vclearedit seemsbest toadhereto the old establishedname of Empeda.

aALE.YANDER, RECORDS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF ]\{EXICAN CRANI:F L r E S( 1 ' T P U L T D A E )2 4 iGen. Molophilus Curtis
Molophilus (Molpphilus) haagi sp. n.

Fis. 21,27
Belongsto the plagiatusgroup; generalcoloration dark brown, sparsely
pruinose;antennae(male) relativelylong, slightly exceeding
one-halfthe lengthof body; legs brownish black; halteresuniformly pale yellow; wings with abrownishtinge; malehypopygiumwith the basaldististylea strong,gentlycurved,
blackenedrod, terminatingin two strongpoints,the apical spineslightly curved,
the subapicalone more nearly straight; outer margin of style weakly serrulate
and roughened.
M a l e .-L e n g th , a b o u t 1 .5- 5 m m .; wing, 5 - 5.5 m m .; antenna,abou t
2 . 6 - 2 . 9 mm.
F e m a l e . - L e n g t ha,b o u t 5 - r . 5 m m . ; w i n g , 5 - 5 . 7 m m .
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae (male) black throughout,elongate,
exceeding
one-halfthe lengthof body; flagellarsegments
elongate-subcylindrical,
narrowerat the ends,providedwith abundanterect pale setaeadditionalto theeven longer,unilaterallyarrangedverticils; longestvestituresubequalto or exceedingthe segments
in length.Head dark brown, sparselypruinose.
Thorax uniformly dark brown, sparselypruinoseto producea more or lessleadenappearance.
Halteresuniformly pale yellow. Legs brownishblack. Wings(Fig. 2l) with a brownishtinge,the veinsand trichia still darker.\'enation: 11,
variablein position,in casesbefore,in other specimens
beyondthe level of r-m;
m-cu likewisevariable, in somecasesstraight, in others angulatedand spurred.
Abdomen,including hypopygium,brownishblack. I\tale hypopygium(Fig.
withthe beakof ventrallobeof basistyle,27)b, relativelyslender.Outerdististyle,od,with the arms,especiallythe slenderouterone,unusuallylong. Basaldististyle,bd, a strong,gently curved, blackenedrod, terminating in a powerful curved
apicalspine,beforeapexon outer facewith a strongstraightspine;outer margin
with abundantmicroscopicserrulationsalmost to the base,the inner or ventral
margin with fewer,more obtuseroughenings
on outer half. Aedeaguslong andplate,p, glabrous,its apexobtuse.
slender.Phallosomic
H abitat.-Mexico ( M ichoacan).
Holotype,d, Cerro Tancitaro,in damp ravine,sweptfrom vegetation,altitude
7,700feet,July 4, l94l (HoogstraalIV-16 a).Allotopotype,g, pinnedwith type.
Paratopotypes,
20 d 9, on pine, in pine-alderforest, altitude 7,000feet, June 28,l94l (HoogstraalIV-12); in mountainmeadow,at light, altitude7,800feet,July3, l94l (Hoogstraal lV-23); sweepingshrubs in pine-oak-fir forest, altitude8,500feet, July 8, l94l (HoogstraallY-26).
The presentfly is namedin honorof the entomologistof the Fourth Hoogstraal
Mexican Expedition,Mr. Ralph Haag. Among the numerousregionalspeciesit
is closestto Molopbilus (Molophilus) falx Alexander,of Chiapas,differing conspicuouslyin the structureof the male hypopygium,notably of the basal dististyle.

24tr

A N A L I , S , D E L , A E S ( , . \ . A ( - . D E ( , I E N ( , I A S B I O I - O C I ( , A S\,O L . I \Molophilus (ltlolophilus) schultzei sp. n.
Fig. 28

Belongsto the plagiatusgroup; generalcolorationof body blue-black;antennae and legs black throughout; knobs of haltereswhite; wings with a strong
dusky tinge, veins and macrotrichiadarker brown; male hypopygiumwith thebasaldististylea gently curved chitinizedrod that terminatesin a long straightapical spineand a ferv microscopicdenticles.
Male.-Length, about 4 mm.; wing, 4.i mm.
Rostrumblue-black;palpi black.Antennaeshort,black throughout;flagellar
segmentsoval, with verticils that much exceedthe segments.Head dark, witha b l u e p ru i n o si ty.
Mesonotum and pleura dark, heavily covered with a blue pruinosity;
Haltereswith stem obscure
pseudosutural
foveae black, relatively conspicuous.
whitish, the knobs clear white. Legs with the coxae bluish; remainderof legsb l a c l <.Wi n g sw i th a stro n gd usky suffusion;veinsand macr otr ichiadar k brow n.
Venation: R, lying oppositeor just beyond r-m; cell M,, relatively short, vein
M n shortertran hI, , n in paratype,longer in the type; vein Znd ,4 ending before
m-cu.
Abdomen, including the hypopygium,black. Male hypopygium (Fig. 28)
yellow.
with the apical beak of ventral lobe of basistyle,b, compressed-flattened,
two-thirds
Outer dististyle,od, unequallybifi-dat apex,the shorterarm exceeding
the length of the longerone. Basal dististyle,bd, a gently curveCchitinizedrodthat terminatesin a long straight axial spine, before tip with smaller lateralspinesand a few additionalmicroscopicdenticles.
H abitat.-M exico ( Guerrero).
Holotype, 3, Chilapa, October 1929 (L. Schultze). Paratopotype, | 6, in
alcohol.
The speciesis namedin honor of the collector,l\{r. L. Schultze.Molopbilus(Molophilus) scbultqeiis most closelel,allied to M. (,1'1.1seaerusAlexander,
differing especiallyin the structureof the male hypopy'gium.
SUM ARIO
En estanueaaaportac.i}nal estu.diode los Tipulidae de Mdxico, becbaprin'cipalmentesobre materialesprov^enientesde la Cuarta Expedici6n Biol6gica
Hoogstraal,comienqapor dar el autor un detenidoestadodel desarrollodel cono'cimiento de los Tipulidae mexicanos,enumerandolos datos que se obtuvieron
en eI .KX, con las citas bilos conseguidos
durante eI siglo XIX, y seguidamente
bliogrdt'icasa ellos relativas.
Se incluye, a continuaci1n,una lista bdsicade los Tipulidae de hlixico descritos por el autor, y formada por 6stea sugestihndel Dr. A. Dampf, a quiin se
debeIa recoleccihnde una parte muy considerablede los materialesde esta f amiIia conocidosde Ia Repilblica.En estalista aparecenenumeradoslos trabaiostodos

OF MEXICANCRANEFLTES(TIPULIDAE)
AND DESCRIPTIONSALEXANDER,
RECORDS247

dpl autor en quz figuran datos rnexicanos,a partir de l9l) y que llegan hasta 1941.
Se describela Trichoceramexicana,prirner representantede este grapo en
Mixico, siete especiesde Tipula, en cuyo ginero se crea el nueao subginero
qurca il cmresy se da una larga lista de las especies
arnericanas
Nephrotomodes,
ponden; una especiede Dicranoptycha,cuntro de Limonia, una de Epiphragma,
dos de Shannonomyia,dos de Gonomyia,una de Erioptera.y dos de Molophilus.
La mayoria de las especies
lueron obtenidasen la regi6n de Tancitaro ( Michoacdn)por la ExpedicihnBiolfgica Hoogstralcomo queda dicbo; dos especies
proccdende Ia coleccifn Dampf y otra de la del autor.

, 4 / . 8 . \ . 4 , \ Dt ,f R E ( . O R D SA \ D D E S C R I P T I O \ SO F : \ 1 E \ I C A NC R A N E F l I E S ( T I P U L I D A E )

249

2

4

5

0

'l'richocera
xicana sp. n.; r'enation.-ltig. 2. 7'ipula (Trichotipula) aplecta sp. n.,
rrte
Fig. L'[iputa (Nephrotornodes)
tancitaro sp. n.; r'enation.-Fig. 4. Tipula
venation.-Fig. J.
( Bellardina) larga sp. n.: r.enatign and cletailsof male hypopygium.-Fig. 5. Tipula (Tricl:otipula) aplecta sp. n.. male h1'p6pygium.-Fig. ti.'l'ipula (Nephrotomodes) tancitaro
sp. tt.; male h-Ypo1'rYgium.
gonapophysis.
Symbols: a, aecleagus;b, basistyle; r/, dististyle: tld, rlorsal dististyle; 8,

, 4 L E X . 4 N Dn
EeRt ,o n o s . { \ D D E S c R I I , - n oo\ sF } r E \ r ( r A \( . R A \ - E
r t . r E So - r p L t . r D A E )

2tl

9

r0

II

t2

r3
r5

9t

I : i g . 7 . ' l ' i p u l a n t i c h o a c a n as p . n . ; r ' e n a t i o n ,m a l e . - F i g . 8 . 7 ' i p u l a t n i c b o a c a n us p . n . : \ ' e n a t i o n , f e m a l e . - F i g . 9 . D i c r a n o p t y c l : a h a r p l i a' l ' isppu.l an . : r ' e n a t i o n . - F i g . l ( 1 . 2 1 , , , u , , , o( D i c r u n o nintbinert'is sp. n.: male hypopygiunr.
myia) rapida sp. n.: r'enation.-Fig. ll.
-Fig. 12.7'ipula ligulipenicillata sp. n.: male hypopygium.-Fig. l). I)icranoptycltd harpyru
s l ' r .r . r . ;m a l e h y p o p y g i u m . - l r i g . 1 1 . I - i t n o n i a ( D i c r a n o n r y i a ) r a P i d 4 s p . l ' 1 . ;m a l e h y p o p y g t u m .
-Fig. 15. Lintoniu (Dicrartoptt,cba) hnabi (Alexander), male hypopygium.
( S y m b o l s : a , a e , . l e a g u sb: , b a s i s t y l e ; d , d i s t i s t y l e ; d d , c l o r s a l d i s t i s t y l e ; g , g o n a p o p h y s i s ;p , p h a l l o s o me ' . x ' t l, \ ' e n t r a l c l i s t i s t y l e).

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28

Fie. 16. Limonia (Dicranomyia) insolabilissp. n.; r'enation.-Fig. 17. I-imonia (Rhipidia)
cornruelirta
sp. n.; r'enation.-FiS.18.Sl:attnonottt)'iu
adumbrtttasy-t.
n.; r'enation.-Fig. 19..Slrrlrrnouomyiaol"glilortnissp. r't.: r'enation.-Fig. 20. ()onomyia (ltliocera) ltctttgstraali
sp. n.; r.e.
nation.-Fig. 21.Molopl:ilus( Molophilus) l:attgisp. r'r.;r'enation.-Fig.22. Linronia ( Rbipitliu)
c o m n t e l i n as p . n . ; m a l e h y p o p y g i u m . - F i g . 2 ) . G o r r t t u r y i u( l t l i t t c e r a )l : o o g s t r a a lsi p . n . ; m a l ehypopygium.-Fig. 21. Erioptera (Entpeda) ntuyanympl:icasp. r'r.;male hypopygium.-[:ig. 25.
Shannononyiaatlunrbratasp. n.; antenna,male.-Fig.26. Slnnnonttmyiaotalifttrmis sp. n.;antenna,male.-Fig. 27. trlolopl:ilus(h'lolopl:ilus)baagi s1-t.
n.; male hypopygium.-Fig. 2ft.
Molopl:ilus (frlolopl:ilus)scbultiei sp. r'r.,male hypopygium.
(Symbols:a, aedeagus,b, basistyle;bd, basal dististyle;s, gonapophysis;id, inner clististyle;orl. outer dististyle: p, phallosomicplate: /, tergite; z'rl, r'entral distist_r'le.)