2024 年度

奨学生入学試験

英
注

意

事

語

（試験時間

60 分）

項

1

試験開始の合図があるまで，この問題冊子の中を見てはいけません。

2

この問題冊子は，29 ページあります。

3

試験中に問題冊子の印刷不鮮明，ページの落丁・乱丁及び解答用紙の汚れ等に気付いた場合は，手を挙げて監督者に知らせなさい。
解答用紙には解答欄以外に次の記入欄があるので，それぞれ正しく記入し，マー4

クしなさい。
試験コード欄・座席番号欄①

試験コード・座席番号（数字）を記入し，さらにその下のマーク欄にマークしな
さい。正しくマークされていない場合は，採点できないことがあります。
氏名欄②

氏名・フリガナを記入しなさい。
5

解答は，解答用紙の解答欄にマークしなさい。例えば，

10と表示のある問いに対して 3 と解答する場合は，次の（例）のように解答番号10 の解答欄の 3 にマー
クしなさい。
（例） 解答
番号
10
6

解

欄

         

問題冊子の余白等は適宜利用してよいが，どのページも切り離してはいけませ
ん。

7

答

試験終了後，問題冊子は持ち帰りなさい。

─ 1 ─

─ 2 ─

─ 3 ─

英

語

各大問の英文や図表を読み，解答番号

1

～

37

にあてはまるものとして最も適当な選択肢を選びなさい。

第1問
ＡYou look at the chart below in your science textbook while reading the following
4-day weather forecast.

Types of Precipitation (extract)
DrizzleFreezing Rain

A light rain of tiny water droplets which Raindrops that freeze on contact withare uniform and close together. Unlike surfaces such as roadways, cars andfog, drizzle falls to the ground.
plants, forming a thin layer of ice.
Hail

Sleet

Ice balls that fall during a thunderstorm. Raindrops that fall through colder air andSome hailstones are tiny, but others can be freeze into transparent ice pellets before
as large as baseballs.
reaching the ground.

─ 4 ─

4-DAY WEATHER FORECAST
November 1st

Heavy rain and strong winds are likely all day. Thunderstorms with hail are
possible.

November 2nd
Drizzle in the morning, changing to rain or sleet in the afternoon.
November 3rd
Fair, occasionally cloudy and generally dry. Calm winds are expected all day.
November 4th
Foggy early on, then cloudy, with a high chance of showers all day.

According to your textbook, the word “precipitation” means

問1

問2



any form of water that falls from the clouds to the ground

any visible mass of water droplets suspended in the air

slow-moving ice sheets found in high mountain valleys



the movement of air across the atmosphereOf the four types of precipitation,drizzle

freezing rain



hail



sleet

2

─ 5 ─

1

.

is the only one that is not frozen.

問3

You like outdoor activities and plan to go fishing in early November.
Judging from the 4-day weather forecast,fishing.

November 1stNovember 2nd

November 3rd

November 4th

─ 6 ─

3

is the best day to go

（下 書 き 用 紙）

英語の試験問題は次に続く。

─ 7 ─

Ｂ

You happen to click on a link to the advertisement shown below, which attracts yourattention.

New Support Cushion DX

A quick and easy solution to problems with your uncomfortable chairs or
car seats. New Support Cushion DX guarantees maximum comfort,
relaxation and coolness.

BUY 1
GET 1 FREE

FREE
DELIVERY**24-hour Express Delivery Service is available for an additional fee of $5 perorder. Orders must be placed by 3 p.m. Monday – Friday.
Item #

Product Name

29871

New Support
Cushion DX

Quantity Price
1+1

$12

Color

Size

Gray, Blue, Black

Width 20" x
Depth 20" xHeight 5"

Special Features:● The silicone gel inside the cushion absorbs excess body heat to create a
cooling sensation.
● A honeycomb structure allows air to flow through the cushion and release
heat.
● The cushion retains its shape, supports your body, and prevents back pain.
● The cushion ﬁts in a machine-washable and non-slip cloth cover.

─ 8 ─

You, your mother, and your two brothers all like this cushion, so youʼve

問1

decided to get one each. If you order using 24-hour Express Delivery Service,
how much will you pay in total?



$24



$29



$48



$53

4

Based on the above information, which of the following is not true about

問2

this product?

５The cushion comes with a cloth cover which can be washed at home.



The cushion helps you stay cool, especially in the hot seasons.



The cushion is not soft enough for those who have back pain.

The cushion is square-shaped and available in three different colors.

─ 9 ─

第2問
Ａ

You are interested in bouldering (rock climbing without a rope). You have founda brochure for a bouldering gym.

Indoor Bouldering Gym

The Front Edge

Open seven days a week, from 10 a.m. to 9 p.m.
Bouldering is a popular hobby these days and it is an easy activity to get started
with, as it can be done alone and does not require expensive equipment. The Front
Edge welcomes climbers of all skill levels — from beginners to experts. Be safe,
have fun, and reach for the top of the walls!
FACILITY RULES:
1. The climbing area is for members aged 15 and older.
2. All members must participate in a safety orientation once a year, before
renewing their membership.
3. Wear a helmet at all times in the climbing area. Helmets are provided at thefront desk at no charge.
4. After climbing, be sure to step down, not jump down, from the climbing wall.
5. Please do not climb, walk, stand, or sit underneath other climbers.
6. Leave the climbing area upon completion of your climb. Stay outside theclimbing area until youʼre ready to climb.
WARNING
Bouldering on any climbing wall may result in a fall. Falling from any height
may result in serious injury.

Members’ Quotes● When I joined The Front Edge in 2022, I had no past experience of climbing and thought
it would be impossible to climb on a vertical wall. I’m thankful to the supportive staff
members who were always with me to teach me the basics of climbing. I decided to join
the gym because it’s just across the street from my workplace. It’s hard to believe there issuch a spacious gym in the middle of the central business district.
（Barbara）● The Front Edge is on the basement floor of a high-rise office building and only a shortwalk away from the busiest area of the city. I’ve been coming to the gym almost every
day since it opened in 1998, and I can climb most of the walls with confidence. I
usually don’t need help from the staff, but I appreciate their presence and attention toeach member.
（Jordan）
─ 10 ─

Which two things are you allowed to do at the gym?

問1

6

Ａ：Enter the climbing area with your 12-year-old brother
Ｂ：Jump down from the climbing wall
Ｃ：Remain in the climbing area after you ﬁnish climbing
Ｄ：Renew your membership after receiving a safety orientation
Ｅ：Use the helmet provided for free by the gym



Ａ and Ｂ

Ａ and Ｃ

Ｂ and Ｅ

Ｃ and Ｄ

Ｄ and Ｅ
From the brochure, you learned that

問2

7

.

advanced climbers are not required to wear a helmet because they

rarely falladvanced climbers donʼt really welcome new members who have noexperience

beginners and advanced climbers need the staff ʼs assistance to different

degrees
beginners are encouraged to climb on weekdays when the gym is not

crowded─ 11 ─

Judging from FACILITY RULES and WARNING, the gym wants you to

問3

8

.

believe that your safety is guaranteed because no climbers get injuredindoors

get used to accidental falls because itʼs part of the climbing experienceknow that bouldering can be dangerous and follow the safety measures
as instructed
try falling from a low height a few times to learn how painful a fall can beOne fact stated by a member of the gym is that

問4

問５

9



itʼs impossible to climb a vertical wall

more climbers come to the gym during the winterthe climbing area is for members aged 15 or olderthe gym opened in the late 1990s.

One advantage of the gym that both Barbara and Jordan mention is
10

.



its cozy atmosphere

its urban locationthe staff ʼs professional appearance

the staff ʼs excellent teaching skills

─ 12 ─

（下 書 き 用 紙）

英語の試験問題は次に続く。

─ 13 ─

Ｂ

You are reading the following article in your school’s newsletter. The article waswritten by your classmate Emma, an exchange student from Canada.

1５
According to a recent survey, 75% of respondents in India are willing to trust AI(artiﬁcial intelligence) systems, and this percentage is higher than that of any othercountry surveyed. India is followed by two other BRICS countries: South Africa
and China. The survey shows that China leads South Africa by 10%.
Today, a growing number of individuals and businesses use conversational andgenerative AI systems, most notably ChatGPT. These are believed to have a lotof advantages, including the following:- Content creation becomes faster and easier: Generative AI systems are able towrite long-form texts, compose music, and create images and videos automaticallyand almost instantly. Also, the quality of their work is improving signiﬁcantly all
the time.
- Labor costs can be reduced: Thanks to advanced AI systems, companies canoperate with a minimal workforce and thus cut down on personnel costs in manyof their departments.
On the other hand, there are some controversial issues regarding this cuttingedge technology. Firstly, AI tends to provide incorrect, inappropriate or irrelevant
answers to certain types of questions, which is why some people donʼt trust AI.
Secondly, new content created by AI-based applications may violate the copyrights
or trademarks of organizations or individuals. This is because the work of many
creators or artists is included, often without permission, in the data sets on which
AI is trained. Additionally, certain occupations, such as writers, graphic designers,
video editors and programmers, are threatened by AI systems and may be replacedby them in the near future.
Generative AI affects people in many different ﬁelds. Students are no exception,and school teachers are wondering to what extent students should be allowed touse AI tools for their schoolwork. Personally, I appreciate AIʼs suggestions whengenerating new ideas, but Iʼm not entirely dependent on AI because I donʼt want togive up exercising my own brain and developing my own creativity. I need to thinklong and hard while working on a paper or a project, but I believe thatʼs part of mylearning experience.

─ 14 ─

According to the ﬁrst paragraph of Emmaʼs article, which of the following

問1

shows the countriesʼ rankings from highest to lowest?

China ― India ― South Africa

China ― South Africa ― India

India ― China ― South Africa

India ― South Africa ― China

South Africa ― China ― India

South Africa ― India ― China

11

Which of the following statements best reﬂects one of the advantages of問2

AI systems listed in the second paragraph?

12ʻAdvanced AI systems help companies expand their businesses overseas.ʼ

ʻAI systems seem to be more productive than human creators or artists.ʼ

ʻBasic versions of AI systems are available to the public for free.ʼ

ʻThe latest AI systems make it possible to produce human-like voices.ʼ
Which of the following is not mentioned as an issue regarding AI?

問3

13



A possibility of human workers being replaced by AIDisclosure of personal or sensitive informationPotential violation of intellectual property rights



The quality of AIʼs output being inconsistent─ 15 ─

Which of the following best summarizes Emmaʼs attitude toward AI?

問4

14

問５



She is entirely dependent on AI tools when writing a paper.

She thinks itʼs impossible to compete with advanced AI tools.

She uses AI tools selectively and prefers learning on her own.

She uses AI tools when she is tired from exercising her brain.
Which of the following is the most suitable title for the article?

1５

 Generative AI—a revolutionary technology developed by BRICS countries
 Generative AI—a technology that could do more harm than good to students
 Generative AI—what this innovative technology can do and what to watch
out for Generative AI—why creators and artists oppose the emerging technology─ 16 ─

（下 書 き 用 紙）

英語の試験問題は次に続く。

─ 17 ─

第3問
You are reading a social media post by a food writer about nutritional balance andhealthy eating.
Hi, Iʼm Jack, and Iʼm passionate about cooking and healthy eating. Unsurprisingly,
the composition of your plate plays a crucial role in forming a balanced diet. By
understanding the recommended ratio of carbohydrates, proteins and vegetables,
you can create a well-rounded meal that truly nourishes your body.
Carbohydrates are an essential energy source and should make up a quarter ofyour plate. It is better to eat complex carbohydrates such as whole grains, legumes
and starchy vegetables rather than simple carbohydrates like baked goods, cereal
and yogurts. Protein is vital for building muscle, so make sure this second quarterof your plate is made up of lean proteins such as poultry, ﬁsh, eggs, beans and tofu.
Vegetables are packed with vitamins, minerals and dietary ﬁber. Fill half of yourplate with colorful vegetables like broccoli and cabbage, and fruits like bananas andkiwis.
It is also important to choose healthy fats over unhealthy fats. Avocados, nuts andolive oil provide essential fatty acids and promote a healthy heart. Avoid saturated
and trans fats found in processed foods, as they can increase the risk of heartdisease.
So, now that you know the potential of cooking, you too can create truly nourishingmeals that keep you healthy.
問1

According to Jack, why should we avoid saturated fats?

Because they cause a buildup of fatty acids.

Because they increase your risk of heart disease.

Because they promote greater heart health.



Because they weaken your immune system.

─ 18 ─

16

問2

If you follow Jackʼs advice, what should the composition of your plate look
like?

17

Eat a Balanced Variety of Foods
（A）
25％
50％
（B）
25％









（C）

(A)

25%: broccoli, cabbage, apples and bananas(B)

25%: poultry, ﬁsh, eggs, beans and tofu

(C)

On the side: whole grains, legumes and starchy vegetables(A)

25%: poultry, ﬁsh, eggs, beans and tofu

(B)

25%: whole grains, legumes and starchy vegetables(C)

On the side: avocados, nuts and olive oil(A)

25%: poultry, ﬁsh, eggs, beans and tofu

(B)

25%: whole grains, legumes and starchy vegetables(C)

On the side: baked goods, cereal and yogurts(A)

25%: poultry, ﬁsh, eggs, beans and tofu

(B)

25%: whole grains, legumes and starchy vegetables(C)

On the side: broccoli, cabbage, apples and bananas

─ 19 ─

第4問
You are a college student reading an article written by Kelly, who studies economics atthe same college as you.

Investing Money
Have you ever thought about investing money but gotten lost in complex vocabulary
and theories? Weʼve all been there, so here is an easy to understand, step-by-stepguide to being a better investor.
First, you should think about whether youʼre a defensive or an enterprising investor.
A defensive investor wants to sit back and watch their proﬁts grow without muchwork, while an enterprising investor wants to take action, regularly reviewing
and changing their investments. Both styles can gain rewards. It just depends
on how much time you want to spend.
After youʼve found your style, you should decide how much money you want toinvest each month and share that between reliable and speculative investments.
Reliable investments are safer and should make up 90% of your investments. They
are made up of safe, but not very profitable, bonds＊１ and slightly riskier stocks.
Bonds are issued by the government, hence their reliability, while stocks areissued by companies, but even the most successful companies are at the whimsof the market＊２.
It is advised to split your reliable investments 50:50 between bonds and stocks,
but we often have to rebalance, or change that ratio. When the economy is doing
well, we can lean 75:25 towards bonds because a strong economy equals greater
proﬁts. However, if the economy is struggling, and stocks are cheaper, we should
lean 75:25 towards stocks. Itʼs important to always keep at least a 75:25 ratio ineither bonds or stocks for stability.
The ﬁnal 10% of your investments, not used for reliable investing, is for speculative
investments and should go into new markets. A good example of these would be
cryptocurrencies, which are high risk, high reward investments.
So, there you have it. You know where to begin with investing. Just remember,regardless of your style, the final step is dedicating time to reviewing andrebalancing when markets change.
Kelly Sheen (September, 2022)＊１

bonds: 公債＊２

at the whims of the market: 市場に左右されて

─ 20 ─Put the following steps (  ～  ) into the correct order that they are

問1

recommended.
18

→

19

→

20

→

21



Choosing reliable and speculative investments



Deciding how much money and how often to invest



Deciding which type of investor you areReviewing and rebalancing your investments
Based on the article, you learned that Kelly

問2

22

.

believes a defensive investor can earn more proﬁt than an enterprising

investor

believes it is best for everyone to focus on ﬁnding new markets to invest inrecommends buying stocks when the economy is struggling



recommends investing 90% of your total savings in the stock market
If youʼre following the advice in the article, you should

問3

23

.



avoid being a defensive investor if you want to make moneyrebalance your investments when markets changeregularly change the ratio of reliable to speculative investments



wait until the economy is doing well before investing─ 21 ─

第５問
In your English class, you were asked to find an inspirational story and present it to theclass. You have chosen the following story and have made a draft of your presentation notes.
Hadi Albarado grew up with her father, Peter, in a small town in Kazakhstan.
They did not have much money growing up, but she never wanted to let people
know that. The image she presented to people became very important to her.
Unfortunately, during her adolescence, her skin became marked with acne andmarks. She knew it took just seven seconds to make a first impression when
meeting someone new, and that is why she couldnʼt like her own skin, which wasin poor condition. From videos she had seen, she came to idolize Liana Stanwyck,
a popular actress from Russia, for her ability to capture a roomʼs attention withher dazzling smile. Hadi felt she might be able to do the same, but she lacked selfbelief.
In order to ﬁnd a way to feel conﬁdent in her own skin, Hadi tried countlesscosmetics that promised miracles but delivered only disappointment. She
decided to take matters into her own hands. With the little money her father
could support her with, she embarked on a journey of creativity, transforming
her humble kitchen into a laboratory. She experimented with various naturalingredients and concoctions＊, tirelessly researching the properties of herbs,
oils and other elements known for their skincare benefits. Through trial anderror, she began formulating her own cosmetics, free from harsh chemicals andartiﬁcial additives.
Days turned into weeks, and weeks into months, as Hadi carefully crafted
her skincare recipes. Finally, she struck gold. Her home-made creations worked
wonders on her own skin, revealing a newfound radiance she had longed for. Filledwith excitement and hope, she shared her creations with her closest friend, Natalia.
To her delight, Natalia was amazed by her own results. Word spread like wildﬁre,and soon people from all corners of the town sought her natural skincare remedies.
Encouraged by the positive feedback, Hadi made a life-changing decision.
With the unwavering support of Peter and Natalia, Hadi decided to turn her
creative passion into a business. Above all, Hadi knew that the ﬁrst impression
customers had of her product would be everything. She carefully crafted theperfect packaging that would present the image she wanted: something sleek,clean and free from unnecessary blemishes, just like her skin. She grew an
online following and took part in small-scale, grassroots marketing until she had
enough of a customer base to open a pop-up shop.
The day arrived for Hadi to unveil her business to the world. Excitement
tingled in the air as customers gathered outside her pop-up shop in a local cosmetics
store. As the doors swung open, she imagined herself, like Liana Stanwyck,
about to unveil a new invention to the world. To her astonishment, her entire
stock sold out within hours. The reception exceeded her wildest dreams, and it─ 22 ─

was at that moment that she realized the true potential of her business. Social
media platforms buzzed with testimonials and rave reviews, and before she knew
it, orders poured in from around the country. Months turned into years and Hadiʼsbusiness continued to expand across borders, becoming a global success reminiscentof her idolʼs.
Hadiʼs journey from a poor girl with poor skin to a skincare mogul serves as areminder that our greatest breakthroughs often arise from our most challenging
moments. Her story isnʼt over. After selling her skincare business to a company,
she has become an inspirational speaker and, in her free time, an artist. Regardlessof what Hadi does, rest assured that if you come across her work, it will only takeseconds for it to capture your attention and leave a lasting impact, just like her.
Your presentation notes:

Hadi’s Story○○

About Hadi○

・She grew up in Kazakhstan.

○・She started experimenting with skincare because○.

・She has always had a creative passion.

○

Other important people○

・Liana Stanwyck:○

・Natalia: Hadiʼs best friend and the ﬁrst to be given her skincare product○・Peter: Hadiʼs father who supported her spiritually and ﬁnancially○

Influential events in Hadi’s journey
26

○
○
○

→

27

2５

→

28

→

29

What Hadi realized after her first pop-up shop
30

○

＊

24

○

What we can learn from this story

○

・

○

・In addition to support from friends and family, the inspiration of your○idols will take you far.

31

concoctions: 混ぜ合わせたもの

─ 23 ─

Choose the best option for

問1

.

24



none of the cosmetics she tried solved her skin problems



she always had a lot of enthusiasm for cosmetics and make up



she was a business consultant and saw the opportunity to make money

she was tired of the high prices of cosmetics
Choose the best option for

問2

.

2５



A famous actress Hadi met once in person

A role model whom Hadi aspired to be like

The negative inﬂuence of Hadiʼs personal style

The inspiration to choose the skincare business
Choose four out of the ﬁve options ( ～ ) and rearrange them in the

問3order they happened.
26

→

27

→

28

→

29



Experimented in her kitchen

Ran out of stock on her ﬁrst daySold her business to a company



Sought Peterʼs help

Tried every cosmetic she could─ 24 ─

Choose the best option for

問4

30

.



Her product hadnʼt made a good ﬁrst impression.

Her skincare business has great potential for success.



No matter how creative she may be in the packaging of her goods, it is of
no use.
Whatever the packaging of her products, if they are of good quality, theywill be accepted by many people.
Choose the best option for

問５

31

.



Conﬁdence in your appearance is at the heart of success.

First impressions are important for people and products alike.



Most great success stories begin with poverty.



The only way to guarantee the success of your business is to sell out every
day without having too much stock.

─ 25 ─

第6問
You and your classmates are preparing for a group presentation and making a poster
based on the following article.

The Circular Economy－ How a New Economic System Is Different fromthe Linear Economy －The linear economy is an economic system which is known for its one-way
ﬂow of materials. In this type of economy, people take raw materials from theearth to make products. After using the products, they are thrown away as
waste. The linear economy was a driving force behind the rapid economic growthof the 20th century, but today it is considered wasteful, inefﬁcient and harmful
to the environment. For example, huge amounts of single-use plastic items are
consumed and disposed of improperly, which contributes to plastic pollution
at sea. Plastic waste takes hundreds of years to break down and continues tothreaten marine ecosystems. In addition, manufacturers demand a constant
supply of raw materials to mass-produce industrial goods, which has caused thedepletion＊１ of natural resources.
As an alternative to the linear economy, a circular economy would aim toachieve economic growth without causing damage to the environment. In a
circular economy, products and materials circulate in two separate cycles: thebiological cycle and the technical cycle. The biological cycle involves biologicalor organic materials, such as wood, plants, cotton and other biodegradable
materials. After products made of these materials are consumed over multiple
lifetimes, the remaining nutrients are returned to the earth to enrich the soil
and restore biodiversity. On the other hand, the technical cycle involves technicalor synthetic materials, such as metal, plastic and glass. Products made of thesematerials are kept in circulation for as long as possible through repair, reuse, remanufacturing and recycling.
A circular economy is based on two fundamental principles. First, potential
sources of waste and pollution are eliminated at the very ﬁrst stage of the cycle.
In a circular economy, products should be designed to be durable, repairable andrecyclable so they can last a long time and generate zero or minimum amounts ofwaste. Product designers need to make sure that biodegradable materials can beseparated from non-biodegradable materials to minimize the risk of environmental
pollution. Secondly, a circular economy seeks to retain the maximum value of
products at each point of their extended life. In the biological cycle, for example, an─ 26 ─

old cotton T-shirt can be reused as a second-hand item. When it becomes worn
out, itʼs shredded＊２ into cotton fibers which will be re-processed into cushionﬁlling, shopping bags and so on. Similar ﬂows of materials can be found in thetechnical cycle. Electronic devices can be repaired if needed, so their lifespan canbe extended. When they reach the end of their useful lives, devices are collected
and disassembled by their manufacturers. Some of their parts can be reused forthe same type of product, while others are recycled into new parts and then used
for other purposes.
Today, many countries, especially those in the EU, are accelerating thetransition to a circular economy to build a sustainable society. However, someindustries still seem to be dependent on the conventional economic system and are
not advancing as fast as they should to integrate circularity into their business
operations. This is mainly because some elements of the circular economy, suchas the longer lifespan and recyclability of products, are not compatible with theirtraditional business models. Although the shift to a circular economy requires
drastic changes and poses new challenges, it will help companies reduce theirproduction costs and improve their customer loyalty in the long run. It is hopedthat more companies will embrace the new economic system and find a way
to strike a balance between sustainability and profitability along their value
chains.
Your presentation poster draft:● Comparison between the two economic systems

Linear Economy
Circular
EconomyBiological Cycle
Technical Cycle

Flow of Materials

Amounts of Waste
Generated

one-wayhuge

cyclicalzero (or minimum)● Two principles of the circular economy
In a circular economy, we

33

and then,34.

● Conclusion
The transition from our linear economy to a circular economy is urgently needed
and

3５

.

＊１

depletion: 枯渇＊２

shred: 細かく切り刻む─ 27 ─

According to the ﬁrst paragraph, which of the following is true?

問1

32

Mass production, mass consumption and mass disposal of industrial

goods are characteristics of the linear economy.
The linear economy is an economic system which is well-known for its



efﬁcient use of resources.
The linear economy turned out to be harmful to the environment in theearly 20th century.
The one-way ﬂow of materials in a linear economy can be stopped orreversed in some countries.
Choose the best options for

問2

問3

33

and

34

.



dispose of used products regardless of their remaining valueeliminate human errors by fully automating production processeskeep products and materials in circulation as long as possible

remove sources of waste and pollution at the stage of product designtransform waste into durable, repairable and recyclable products

According to the last paragraph, which of the following is most appropriate
for

3５

?



makes business sense in the long runrequires long-term investment in factories

will force companies to close some of their brancheswill help companies reduce their personnel costs─ 28 ─

According to the article, which two of the following are true? (The order

問4

does not matter.)

36

37

・

In a circular economy, users and consumers are encouraged to make

the most of already existing products.
A circular economy aims to avoid damaging the environment while

achieving economic growth.
The linear economy aims to achieve economic growth without causing

damage to the environment.
 The linear economy is the main driving force behind the fourth industrial
revolution taking place today.
The two economic systems have some elements in common, such as thelong lifespan of products.

─ 29 ─