Low-GWP HFO
Refrigerants Enabling
Higher Energy
Efficiency Heat Pumps

Opteon™ XL20 (R-454C) thermodynamic and safety profiles make it highly
suitable for residential and commercial HP deployments in building renovationand new buildings. A multi-year study presented at JRAIA Symposium outlines
how specific equipment optimization measures can enable high energy efficiency
gains and capacity improvements vs alternatives.

Introduction&'(')*)+',-./,(+01,
In the European Union, heating and cooling in buildings accountfor a significant 40% of total energy consumption, a sector still
predominantly powered by fossil fuels. Heat pumps emerge!"#$%&'()*%&+","#)'-&.%$- /&0"1)$0-$-*$# .+'(')0'12 $,'-3&4.$0$1.)&("#--'-"# 0"12*$ %.)). 3&5*)0$ (")*$#$ /&%.21.&)$+ (*,6'1.#&*,-#'0'$)/&
as the vanguard as we shift towards decarbonized, electrified(*#*) ,$0-*) %.,$)*.+. ,'7$#"/&)'-&.%$- 0"%%"+" %.21.&$#")&8*') *#1. 3&9*10&
6'6$##.'%($#+'$- $1'%3&5*)0$ $)-3&:'6.%*) .&-$,,*) 3
heating.
;$,,$1-$)8*$ <.7'-.1-&%"#7' -#')-'8*$ )$1$0-*) $-&1$-*) $-&%.,$)*.+. =.%$)&.0&-*#(') $2$)-.) 3&;#"'1&(<.#$-#.&
1"1*%%> ($+$ 3&
4.*#') $-&"#0'3&!"#$%&'()*%&+","# )'-&.%$- /&0"1)$0-$-*$# .+'(')0'12 $,'-3&4.$0$1.)&("#--'-"# 0"12*$ %.)). 3&5*)0$ (")*$#$ /&%.21.&)$+ (*,6'1.#&
Notably, an average heat pump, with a seasonal coefficient*,-#'0'$)/&(*#*) ,$0-*) %.,$)*.+. ,'7$#"/&)'-&.%$- 0"%%"+" %.21.&$#")&8*') *#1. 3&9*10&
6'6$##.'%($#+'$- $1'%3&5*)0$ $)-3&:'6.%*) .&of performance(SCOP) of 3.5, can slash CO2 emissions by-$,,*)
3about 70% <.7'-.1-&%"#7'
compared to traditional
oil and gas
boilers.
This;$,,$1-$)8*$-#')-'8*$ )$1$0-*)$-&
1$-*) $-&%.,$)*.+. =.%$)&.0&-*#(') $2$)-.) 3&;#"'1&(<.#$-#.&
1"1*%%> ($+$ 3&
4.*#') $-&is particularly crucial
renovating
existing buildings,"#0'3&!"#$%&'()*%&+","#in)'-&.%$- /&0"1)$0-$-*$#.+'(')0'12where$,'-3&4.$0$1.)&("#--'-"# 0"12*$ %.)). 3&5*)0$ (")*$#$ /&%.21.&)$+ (*,6'1.#&*,-#'0'$)/&(*#*)efficient,$0-*) %.,$)*.+.
,'7$#"/&)'-&.%$0"%%"+"%.21.&$#")&8*') *#1. 3&9*10&
6'6$##.'%($#+'$- $1'%3&5*)0$ $)-3&:'6.%*) .&integrating
heating systems
poses
uniquechallenges.
-$,,*) 3
Backgroundand Motivation;$,,$1-$)8*$<.7'-.1-&%"#7'-#')-'8*$ )$1$0-*) $-&1$-*) $-&%.,$)*.+. =.%$)&.0&-*#(') $2$)-.) 3&;#"'1&(<.#$-#.&
1"1*%%> ($+$ 3&
4.*#') $-&"#0'3&!"#$%&'()*%&+","# )'-&.%$- /&0"1)$0-$-*$# .+'(')0'12 $,'-3&4.$0$1.)&("#--'-"# 0"12*$ %.)). 3&5*)0$ (")*$#$ /&%.21.&)$+ (*,6'1.#&
Opteon™ XL20 (R-454C) has emerged as a notable refrigerant*,-#'0'$)/&(*#*) ,$0-*) %.,$)*.+. ,'7$#"/&)'-&.%$- 0"%%"+" %.21.&$#")&8*') *#1. 3
in the industry, particularly for its performance in higher
9*10&6'6$##.'%($#+'$$1'%3&5*)0$ $)-3&:'6.%*) .&-$,,*) 3&;$,,$1-$)8*$ <.7'-.1-&%"#7' -#')-'8*$ )$1$0-*) $-&1$-*) $-&%.,$)*.+. =.%$)&.0&
temperature
lifts.
This
mildlyflammable(A2L
flammability
class)-*#(') $2$)-.) 3&;#"'1&(<.#$-#.&
1"1*%%> ($+$ 3&
4.*#') $-&"#0'3
hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) based refrigerant, with a low global
warming potential (GWP) of 148, is proving to be effective in
specific conditions, especially in air-to-water (A/W) heat pumps
operating at low ambient temperatures.

3"

&'(')*)+',-./,(+01,!"#$%&'()*%&+","# )'-&.%$- /&0"1)$0-$-*$# .+'(')0'12 $,'-3&4.$0$1.)&("#--'-"# 0"12*$ %.)). 3&5*)0$ (")*$#$ /&%.21.&)$+ (*,6'1.#&*,-#'0'$)/&(*#*) ,$0-*) %.,$)*.+. ,'7$#"/&)'-&.%$- 0"%%"+" %.21.&$#")&8*') *#1. 3&9*10&
6'6$##.'%($#+'$- $1'%3&5*)0$ $)-3&:'6.%*) .&-$,,*) 3;$,,$1-$)8*$ <.7'-.1-&%"#7' -#')-'8*$ )$1$0-*) $-&1$-*) $-&%.,$)*.+. =.%$)&.0&-*#(') $2$)-.) 3&;#"'1&(<.#$-#.&
1"1*%%> ($+$ 3&
4.*#') $-&
Due
to
these
uniquecharacteristics,
heat
pumps
equipped
withThis
advantageis
morepronounced
whencomparingthe"#0'3&!"#$%&'()*%&+","# )'-&.%$- /&0"1)$0-$-*$# .+'(')0'12 $,'-3&4.$0$1.)&("#--'-"# 0"12*$ %.)). 3&5*)0$ (")*$#$ /&%.21.&)$+ (*,6'1.#&
Opteon™
XL20
are frequently
for .renovation
applications
theoreticalcoefficientof performancecapacity.&*,-#'0'$)/&(*#*),$0-*)%.,$)*.+. chosen,'7$#"/&)'-&%$- 0"%%"+"%.21.&$#")&8*')*#1. 3&9*10&
6'6$##.'%($#+'$$1'%3&5(COP)*)0$ and$)-3&:'6.%*) of-$,,*)
3that allow maintaining existing radiator heater and include
Opteon™ XL20 with other refrigerants, such as R-290, based on;$,,$1-$)8*$-#')-'8*$ )$1$0-*) $-&1$-*) $-&%.,$)*.+. =.%$)&.0&-*#(')fluid$2$)-.)
3&;#"'1&(<.#$-#.&
1"1*%%>($+$on3&
4a.*#')$-&
sanitary hot<.7'-.1-&%"#7'
water preparation.
reference
properties(REFPROP)
calculations
simple"#0'3&!"#$%&'()*%&+","# )'-&.%$- /&0"1)$0-$-*$# .+'(')0'12 $,'-3&4.$0$1.)&("#--'-"#
0"12*$
%.)).
3&
5
*)0$
(")*$#$/&%.21.&)$+(*,6'1.#&
refrigerant circuit. This adds up to the easier system design and
One of theadvantagesof Opteon™
XL20
its compatibility*,-#'0'$)/&(*#*)key,$0-*)%.,$)*.+.
,'7$#"/&)'-&.%$-is0"%%"+"%.21.&$#")&8*') *#1. 3&9*10&
6'6$##.'%($#+'$- $1'%3&5*)0$ $)-3&:'6.%*) .&installation
practices
related
to
the
lower
flammability
rating ofwith3simple rotary compressors with a wide operating envelope.
-$,,*)
this refrigerant.
;$,,$1-$)8*$<.7'-.1-&%"#7'-#')-'8*$)$1$0-*) temperatures$-&1$-*) $-&%.,$)*.+.
=.%$)&.0&-*#(') $2$)-.) 3&;#"'1&(<.#$-#.&
1"1*%%> ($+$ 3&
4.*#') $-&These compressors
are capableof handlingup to"#0'3&!"#$%&'()*%&+","# )'-&.%$- /&0"1)$0-$-*$#.+'(')0'12
0"12*$heat%.)).pumps
3&5*)0$(")*$#$/&%.21.&)$+(R-454C)(*,6'1.#&65 °C at an evaporator
temperatureof -30 °C
and up to$,'-3&4.$0$1.)&("#--'-"#
75 °C atCommercially,
utilizing
Opteon™
XL20*,-#'0'$)/&(*#*) ,$0-*) %.,$)*.+. ,'7$#"/&)'-&.%$- 0"%%"+" %.21.&$#")&8*') *#1. 3
an evaporator temperature of -10 °C or higher. They are readily
have achieved up to 15% higher efficiency compared to
9*10&6'6$##.'%($#+'$- $1'%3&5*)0$ $)-3&:'6.%*) .&-$,,*) 3&;$,,$1-$)8*$ <.7'-.1-&%"#7' -#')-'8*$ )$1$0-*) $-&1$-*) $-&%.,$)*.+. =.%$)&.0&
available in the commercial market.
systems using R-410A , today representing one of the standard-*#(') $2$)-.) 3&;#"'1&(<.#$-#.&
1"1*%%> ($+$ 3&
4.*#') $-&"#0'3
HFC solutions broadly adopted for these applications. This
These operating conditions allow domestic heating systemenhancement in efficiency not only underscores the potential ofdesign to exclude hybrid configurations with additional electric
Opteon™ XL20 in heat pump applications but also aligns with theheaters, leading to a reduction in equipment complexity andgrowing demand for energy-efficient refrigeration solutions.
energy consumption and, ultimately, increased system efficiency.

4"

&'(')*)+',-./,(+01,

Project Targets

Exploring the optimization potential for heat pumps using
Opteon™ XL20 (R-454C) involves a multifaceted approach. It’sessential first to identify the system parameters that exert a!"#$%&'()*%&+","# )'-&.%$- /&0"1)$0-$-*$# .+'(')0'12 $,'-3&4.$0$1.)&("#--'-"#
0"12*$%.)). on3&5*)0$(")*$#$/&%.21.&)$+capacity(*,6'1.#&*,-#'0'$)/&
major
influencetheenergyefficiency
andof the heat(*#*) ,$0-*) %.,$)*.+. ,'7$#"/&)'-&.%$- 0"%%"+" %.21.&$#")&8*') *#1. 3&9*10&
6'6$##.'%($#+'$- $1'%3&5*)0$ $)-3&:'6.%*) .&-$,,*) 3
pump. These parameters determine the overall performance and;$,,$1-$)8*$ <.7'-.1-&%"#7' -#')-'8*$ )$1$0-*) $-&1$-*) $-&%.,$)*.+. =.%$)&.0&-*#(') $2$)-.) 3&;#"'1&(<.#$-#.&
1"1*%%> ($+$ 3&
4.*#') $-&effectiveness of the heat pump in various environments.
"#0'3&!"#$%&'()*%&+","# )'-&.%$- /&0"1)$0-$-*$# .+'(')0'12 $,'-3&4.$0$1.)&("#--'-"# 0"12*$ %.)). 3&5*)0$ (")*$#$ /&%.21.&)$+ (*,6'1.#&
1,2*,-#'0'$)/&(*#*)Efficiency,$0-*) %.,$)*.+.
.%$-with
0"%%"+"%.21.&$#")&8*') *#1. 3&9*10&
6'6$##.'%($#+'$- $1'%3&5*)0$ $)-3&:'6.%*) .&The XL20
Project ,'7$#"/&)'-&
conducted
an established
The idea of creating a simulation tool was introduced to-$,,*)
3
testing institute using a simulation model, was crafted using
streamline this process. This tool would facilitate system;$,,$1-$)8*$ <.7'-.1-&%"#7' -#')-'8*$ )$1$0-*) $-&1$-*) $-&%.,$)*.+. =.%$)&.0&-*#(') $2$)-.) 3&;#"'1&(<.#$-#.&
1"1*%%> ($+$ 3&
4.*#') $-&Modelica programming language in the Dymola dynamic modeling
optimization
by simulating
different
scenarios
and"#0'3&!"#$%&'()*%&+","# )'-&.%$- /&0"1)$0-$-*$# .+'(')0'12 $,'-3&4.$0$1.)&("#--'-"#
0"12*$%.)). 3&5*)0$(")*$#$/&%.21.&)$+conditions,(*,6'1.#&laboratory
Validatedwith Opteon™
XL20 (R-454C)
reducing
the needfor extensive laboratory
Not only.&*,-#'0'$)/&(*#*)environment.
,$0-*) %.,$)*.+.
,'7$#"/&)'-&.%$- 0"%%"+"%.21.&$#")&8*')*#1. 3&9*10&
6'6$##.'%($#+'$$1'%3&5*)0$testing.
$)-3&:'6.%*)
refrigerant,
this
model
is
reshapinghowwedesignpowerful,-$,,*) 3
would this approach significantly cut down on development time,
efficient heatpumps, particularly
systems$-&
needing
to%.,$)*.+.
work;$,,$1-$)8*$<.7'-.1-&%"#7'-#')-'8*$for)$1$0-*)
1$-*) $-&=.%$)&.0&-*#(') also$2$)-.)
3&;#"'1&(<.#$-#.&
1"1*%%> ($+$ 3&
4.*#') $-&but it would
be cost-effective.
"#0'3&!"#$%&'()*%&+","# requirements,)'-&.%$- /&0"1)$0-$-*$#$,'-3&4.$0$1.)&("#--'-"# 0"12*$ %.)). 3&5*)0$ (")*$#$ /&%.21.&)$+ (*,6'1.#&
under tighter thermal
like those.+'(')0'12
in renovated*,-#'0'$)/&(*#*),$0-*)%.,$)*.+.
,'7$#"/&)'-&.
%$0"%%"+"%.21.&$#")&8*')*#1.
3
The tool’s ability to model and predict system performance underbuildings.
9*10&6'6$##.'%($#+'$- $1'%3&5*)0$ $)-3&:'6.%*) .&-$,,*) 3&;$,,$1-$)8*$ <.7'-.1-&%"#7'-#')-'8*$)$1$0-*) for$-&1$-*)$-&%.,$)*.+.
=.%$)&.0&
varying conditions
is importantenhancingthe efficiencyof-*#(')$2$)-.)
3&
4.*#') $-&"#0'3
In thispaper,3&;#"'1&(<.#$-#.&
we explore how1"1*%%>the choice($+$of refrigerant
andheat pumps using Opteon™ XL20 (R-454C), ultimately leading todesigning their pathways is vital for a heat pump’s performance.
more sustainable and economically viable heating solutions.
Our extensive testing demonstrates the steps to boost energy
efficiency, moving us towards a future where heat and watersupply are more sustainable than ever.
5"Project Scope&'(')*)+',-./,(+01,
The XL20 Efficiency Project, undertaken at a recognized•

Finally, Series D examined the performance of R-454C in
combination with a modified internal heat exchanger (IHX),
which was optimized based on simulation results.

institute specializing in energy analysis in Germany, represents
a significant stride in refrigerant efficiency research. The!"#$%&'()*%&+","# )'-&.%$- /&0"1)$0-$-*$# .+'(')0'12 $,'-3&4.$0$1.)&("#--'-"# 0"12*$ %.)). 3&5*)0$ (")*$#$ /&%.21.&)$+ (*,6'1.#&*,-#'0'$)/&
project’s
core
involvedaseriesofcomprehensive
laboratory(*#*) ,$0-*) %.,$)*.+. ,'7$#"/&)'-&.%$- 0"%%"+" %.21.&$#")&8*') *#1. 3&9*10&
6'6$##.'%($#+'$- $1'%3&5*)0$ $)-3&:'6.%*) .&-$,,*) 3
tests,
each
designedtoevaluate
different
aspectsofrefrigerant;$,,$1-$)8*$ <.7'-.1-&%"#7' -#')-'8*$ )$1$0-*) $-&1$-*) $-&%.,$)*.+. =.%$)&.0&-*#(') $2$)-.) 3&;#"'1&(<.#$-#.&
1"1*%%> ($+$ 3&
4.*#') $-&performanceundervariousconditions.
"#0'3&!"#$%&'()*%&+","# )'-&.%$- /&0"1)$0-$-*$# .+'(')0'12 $,'-3&4.$0$1.)&("#--'-"# 0"12*$ %.)). 3&5*)0$ (")*$#$ /&%.21.&)$+ (*,6'1.#&*,-#'0'$)/&(*#*) ,$0-*) %.,$)*.+. ,'7$#"/&)'-&.%$- 0"%%"+" %.21.&$#")&8*') *#1. 3&9*10&
6'6$##.'%($#+'$- $1'%3&5*)0$ $)-3&:'6.%*) .&-$,,*)
3
Each test series focused on a specific refrigerant;$,,$1-$)8*$<.7'-.1-&%"#7'-#')-'8*$ )$1$0-*) $-&1$-*) $-&%.,$)*.+. =.%$)&.0&-*#(') $2$)-.) 3&;#"'1&(<.#$-#.&
1"1*%%> ($+$ 3&
4.*#') $-&and certain
conditions:"#0'3&!"#$%&'()*%&+","# )'-&.%$- /&0"1)$0-$-*$# .+'(')0'12 $,'-3&4.$0$1.)&("#--'-"# 0"12*$ %.)). 3&5*)0$ (")*$#$ /&%.21.&)$+ (*,6'1.#&*,-#'0'$)/&(*#*),$0-*)%.,$)*.+.
,'7$#"/&)'-&.%$-HFC
0"%%"+"%.21.&$#")&8*')*#1. 3&9*10&
6'6$##.'%($#+'$- $1'%3&5*)0$ $)-3&:'6.%*) .&• Series
A used
R-407C,a commonlyusedrefrigerant,and-$,,*)was
3 conducted with enhanced measurement equipment toensure precision.
;$,,$1-$)8*$<.7'-.1-&%"#7' -#')-'8*$ )$1$0-*) $-&1$-*) $-&%.,$)*.+. =.%$)&.0&-*#(') $2$)-.) 3&;#"'1&(<.#$-#.&
1"1*%%> ($+$ 3&
4.*#') $-&"#0'3&!"#$%&'()*%&+","# )'-&.%$0"1)$0-$-*$#.+'(')0'12$,'-3&4.$0$1.)&("#--'-"# 0"12*$ %.)). 3&5*)0$ (")*$#$ /&%.21.&)$+ (*,6'1.#&• Series B was designed
as a/&
drop-inreferencefor R-454C,*,-#'0'$)/&(*#*),$0-*)%.,$)*.+.
,'7$#"/&)'-&.
%$0"%%"+"%.21.&$#")&8*')*#1.
3
a reference refrigerant known for its low global warming
9*10&6'6$##.'%($#+'$$1'%3&5*)0$ $)-3&:'6.%*) .&-$,,*) 3&;$,,$1-$)8*$ <.7'-.1-&%"#7' -#')-'8*$ )$1$0-*) $-&1$-*) $-&%.,$)*.+. =.%$)&.0&
potential.
-*#(') $2$)-.) 3&;#"'1&(<.#$-#.&
1"1*%%> ($+$ 3&
4.*#') $-&"#0'3• Series C consisted of two separate experiments:

6"•

C1 involved replacing the compressor with R-454C.

•

C2 incorporated an adapted superheat control with thesame refrigerant.

Parallel to these tests, a comprehensive thermodynamic
This comprehensive approach in the XL20 Efficiency Projectmodel was developed and validated. This model simulated
highlighted the potential of different refrigerants in varied
various operating conditions to predict the performance ofsettings and set a benchmark in refrigerant efficiency testing
the refrigerants in different scenarios. These simulations wereand modeling. The project’s findings are expected to significantly
integral in testing )'-&
andvalidating
the laboratory
experiments.
influencetechnologyand )$+
heat(*,6'1.#&*,-#'0'$)/&
pump system!"#$%&'()*%&+","#.%$/&0"1)$0-$-*$#.+'(')0'12$,'-3&4.$0$1.)&("#--'-"#
0"12*$future%.)).refrigerant
3&5*)0$ (")*$#$/&%.21.&(*#*) ,$0-*) %.,$)*.+. ,'7$#"/&)'-&.%$- 0"%%"+" %.21.&$#")&8*') *#1. developments.
3&9*10&
6'6$##.'%($#+'$- $1'%3&5*)0$ $)-3&:'6.%*) .&-$,,*) 3
The laboratory test conditions were meticulously varied to;$,,$1-$)8*$ <.7'-.1-&%"#7' -#')-'8*$ )$1$0-*) $-&1$-*) $-&%.,$)*.+. =.%$)&.0&-*#(') $2$)-.) 3&;#"'1&(<.#$-#.&
1"1*%%> ($+$ 3&
4.*#') $-&examinetherefrigerants’performance
under
different
scenarios.
"#0'3&!"#$%&'()*%&+","# )'-&.%$- /&0"1)$0-$-*$# .+'(')0'12 $,'-3&4.$0$1.)&("#--'-"# 0"12*$ %.)). 3&5*)0$ (")*$#$ /&%.21.&)$+ (*,6'1.#&&'(')*)+',-./,(+01,*,-#'0'$)/&(*#*) ,$0-*) %.,$)*.+. ,'7$#"/&)'-&.%$- 0"%%"+" %.21.&$#")&8*') *#1. 3&9*10&
6'6$##.'%($#+'$- $1'%3&5*)0$ $)-3&:'6.%*) .&-$,,*) 3 Conditions included B0/W55 at frequencies of 30, 50,
70, and
90 Hz for all-#')-'8*$
series, withadditional
conditionsin;$,,$1-$)8*$<.7'-.1-&%"#7')$1$0-*)$-&1$-*)$-&%.,$)*.+.
=.%$)&.0&-*#(') $2$)-.) 3&;#"'1&(<.#$-#.&
1"1*%%> ($+$ 3&
4.*#') $-&Series C2 andsuch
B0/W35, and.+'(')0'12
adaptations
like"#0'3&!"#$%&'()*%&+","#D,)'-&.%$-as/&0"1)$0-$-*$#$,'-3&4.$0$1.)&("#--'-"#
0"12*$ %.)). 3&5*)0$ (")*$#$ /&%.21.&)$+ (*,6'1.#&*,-#'0'$)/&(*#*),$0-*) IHX%.,$)*.+.
,'7$#"/&)'-&.%$- 0"%%"+" %.21.&$#")&8*') *#1. 3&9*10&
6'6$##.'%($#+'$- $1'%3&5*)0$ $)-3&:'6.%*) .&themodified
as per simulation
results.
-$,,*) 3
Refrigeranttypes varied
acrossthe series,
with
SeriesA;$,,$1-$)8*$<.7'-.1-&%"#7'-#')-'8*$)$1$0-*)$-&1$-*)$-&%.,$)*.+.
=.%$)&.0&-*#(') $2$)-.) 3&;#"'1&(<.#$-#.&
1"1*%%> ($+$ 3&
4.*#') $-&"#0'3&!"#$%&'()*%&+","#and)'-&Series.%$- /&0"1)$0-$-*$#.+'(')0'12$,'-3&4.$0$1.)&("#--'-"# 0"12*$ %.)). 3&5*)0$ (")*$#$ /&%.21.&)$+ (*,6'1.#&
using R-407C
B to D employing
R-454C.
*,-#'0'$)/&(*#*) ,$0-*) %.,$)*.+. ,'7$#"/&)'-&.%$- 0"%%"+" %.21.&$#")&8*') *#1. 3Moreover, additional
were included
model
9*10&6'6$##.'%($#+'$$1'%3&
5conditions*)0$ $)-3&:'6.%*).&-$,,*)for3&;$,,$1-$)8*$<.7'-.1-&%"#7' -#')-'8*$ )$1$0-*) $-&1$-*) $-&%.,$)*.+. =.%$)&.0&-*#(') $2$)-.)
3&;#"'1&(<.#$-#.&
1"1*%%>($+$ 3&
4.*#')conditions,$-&"#0'3
validation,encompassing
air-to-water(A/W)
furthering the project’s scope in understanding refrigerant
efficiency in diverse operational contexts.

7"

Summary Results&'(')*)+',-./,(+01,
The test and simulation results of the project involving

Coefficient of performance (COP) improvements ranged from
Opteon™ XL20 (R-454C) as a refrigerant in residential heata notable 7% to an impressive 39%, while capacity increases
pump applications have yielded very promising outcomes.
varied between 7% and 49%. This data highlights!"#$%&'()*%&+","# )'-&.%$- /&0"1)$0-$-*$# .+'(')0'12 $,'-3&4.$0$1.)&("#--'-"#
0"12*$XL20%.)).efficacy,3&5*)0$ especially(")*$#$ /&%.21.&)$+buildings(*,6'1.#&*,-#'0'$)/&
Opteon™
in retrofit
where
Range
of
Improvements
byModification(*#*) ,$0-*) %.,$)*.+. ,'7$#"/&)'-&.%$- 0"%%"+" %.21.&$#")&8*') *#1. 3&9*10&
6'6$##.'%($#+'$- $1'%3&5*)0$ $)-3&:'6.%*) .&-$,,*) 3
advanced temperature lift capabilities, such as in air-to-water;$,,$1-$)8*$ <.7'-.1-&%"#7' -#')-'8*$ )$1$0-*)
1$-*) $-&%.,$)*.+. =.%$)&.0&-*#(') $2$)-.) 3&;#"'1&(<.#$-#.&
1"1*%%> ($+$ 3&
4.*#') $-&COP $-&(A/W)
heat
pumps,
arerequired.
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instrumental
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One key takeaway is the profound impact of customizing the
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Opteon™ XL20 (R-454C). By tailoring systems to exploit the
Measurement+7 ...+24+7 ...+27
unique characteristics of R-454C, we observed notable
Measurement + Simulation+13 ...+39+21 ...+49
enhancements in both COP and capacity. This strategy isessential for creating more efficient, cost-effective, andsustainable heating solutions for residential settings.
8"Outlook for Heat Pump Efficiency&'(')*)+',-./,(+01,

In summary, this third party independent research on
Opteon™ XL20 (R-454C) conducted by this recognized German
institute represents
a significant
milestonein sustainable!"#$%&'()*%&+","#)'-&.%$/&0"1)$0-$-*$#.+'(')0'12$,'-3&4.$0$1.)&("#--'-"# 0"12*$ %.)). 3&5*)0$ (")*$#$ /&%.21.&)$+ (*,6'1.#&*,-#'0'$)/&
heatingtechnology.
This
study
confirms
thehighpotentialof(*#*) ,$0-*) %.,$)*.+. ,'7$#"/&)'-&.%$- 0"%%"+" %.21.&$#")&8*') *#1. 3&9*10&
6'6$##.'%($#+'$- $1'%3&5*)0$ $)-3&:'6.%*) .&-$,,*) 3
low GWP HFO
refrigerants-#')-'8*$
like R-454C
for residentialheat;$,,$1-$)8*$<.7'-.1-&%"#7')$1$0-*)$-&1$-*) $-&%.,$)*.+. =.%$)&.0&-*#(') $2$)-.) 3&;#"'1&(<.#$-#.&
1"1*%%> ($+$ 3&
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pump applications,particularly
in renovation.+'(')0'12
contexts requiring*,-#'0'$)/&(*#*) ,$0-*)lifts.
%.,$)*.+. ,'7$#"/&)'-&.%$- 0"%%"+" %.21.&$#")&8*') *#1. 3&9*10&
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1"1*%%> ($+$ 3&
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success in achieving"#0'3&!"#$%&'()*%&
+
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3&
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improvements through systematic testing and simulations*,-#'0'$)/&(*#*) ,$0-*) %.,$)*.+. ,'7$#"/&)'-&.%$- 0"%%"+" %.21.&$#")&8*') *#1. 3&9*10&
6'6$##.'%($#+'$- $1'%3&5*)0$ $)-3&:'6.%*) .&paves the way for future advancements in heat pump-$,,*) 3
efficiency.
;$,,$1-$)8*$ <.7'-.1-&%"#7' -#')-'8*$ )$1$0-*) $-&1$-*) $-&%.,$)*.+. =.%$)&.0&-*#(') $2$)-.) 3&;#"'1&(<.#$-#.&
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This study
a guiding frameworkfor future
heat%.21.&$#")&8*')pump*,-#'0'$)/&(*#*)serves,$0-*)as%.,$)*.+.
,'7$#"/&)'-&.%$0"%%"+"*#1. 3technology, highlighting
the5criticalrole
of innovative
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andcollaborative
researchinaddressing
thechallengesof-*#(') $2$)-.) 3&;#"'1&(<.#$-#.&
1"1*%%> ($+$ 3&
4.*#') $-&"#0'3
energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. The insights
and methodologies developed here lay a solid foundation
for the next generation of heat pump systems, contributing
significantly to the global effort to reduce carbon emissions andachieve a more sustainable future.
9"If you would like to discuss low-GWP refrigerant solutions for heat pump designs and systems for any installation,&'(')*)+',-./,(+01,
contact our team: hans-dieter.kupper@chemours.com!"#$%&'()*%&+","# )'-&.%$- /&0"1)$0-$-*$# .+'(')0'12 $,'-3&4.$0$1.)&("#--'-"# 0"12*$ %.)). 3&5*)0$ (")*$#$ /&%.21.&)$+ (*,6'1.#&*,-#'0'$)/&
References(*#*) ,$0-*) %.,$)*.+. ,'7$#"/&)'-&.%$- 0"%%"+" %.21.&$#")&8*') *#1. 3&9*10&
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1. Fraunhofer Institute
Solar
Systems, ISE.
(2023).$,'-3&4.$0$1.)&("#--'-"#
Chemours R-454C, Analysis
and optimizationof an(")*$#$
R-407C/&%.21.&
brine-to-water
heat pump for*,-#'0'$)/&(*#*)%.,$)*.+.
.%$- 0"%%"+" %.21.&$#")&8*') *#1. 3&9*10&
6'6$##.'%($#+'$- $1'%3&5*)0$ $)-3&:'6.%*) .&the usage
with ,$0-*)
R-454C(Report No.,'7$#"/&)'-&
AN21-1044).
-$,,*)
3
2. Küpper, H.-D. (2023). Energy efficient residential and commercial heat pumps for renovation buildings with low GWP HFO refrigerants. Paper presented;$,,$1-$)8*$-*#(') $2$)-.) 3&;#"'1&(<.#$-#.&
1"1*%%> ($+$ 3&
4.*#') $-&at JRAIA Kobe<.7'-.1-&%"#7'
Symposium. -#')-'8*$ )$1$0-*) $-&1$-*) $-&%.,$)*.+. =.%$)&.0&"#0'3&!"#$%&'()*%&+","# )'-&.%$- /&0"1)$0-$-*$# .+'(')0'12 $,'-3&4.$0$1.)&("#--'-"# 0"12*$ %.)). 3&5*)0$ (")*$#$ /&%.21.&)$+ (*,6'1.#&*,-#'0'$)/&(*#*) ,$0-*) %.,$)*.+. ,'7$#"/&)'-&.%$- 0"%%"+" %.21.&$#")&8*') *#1. 3&9*10&
6'6$##.'%($#+'$- $1'%3&5*)0$ $)-3&:'6.%*) .&-$,,*) 3;$,,$1-$)8*$ <.7'-.1-&%"#7' -#')-'8*$ )$1$0-*) $-&1$-*) $-&%.,$)*.+. =.%$)&.0&-*#(') $2$)-.) 3&;#"'1&(<.#$-#.&
1"1*%%> ($+$ 3&
4.*#') $-&"#0'3&!"#$%&'()*%&+","# )'-&.%$- /&0"1)$0-$-*$# .+'(')0'12 $,'-3&4.$0$1.)&("#--'-"# 0"12*$ %.)). 3&5*)0$ (")*$#$ /&%.21.&)$+ (*,6'1.#&*,-#'0'$)/&(*#*) ,$0-*) %.,$)*.+. ,'7$#"/&)'-&.%$- 0"%%"+" %.21.&$#")&8*') *#1. 3
9*10&6'6$##.'%($#+'$- $1'%3&5*)0$ $)-3&:'6.%*) .&-$,,*) 3&;$,,$1-$)8*$ <.7'-.1-&%"#7' -#')-'8*$ )$1$0-*) $-&1$-*) $-&%.,$)*.+. =.%$)&.0&-*#(') $2$)-.) 3&;#"'1&(<.#$-#.&
1"1*%%> ($+$ 3&
4.*#') $-&"#0'3©2024 The Chemours Company FC, LLC. Opteon™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company FC, LLC. Chemours™
and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company.
"
10