')'lP

L4
at[Reprinted from Psxcrr, Vol. XXI, No, 1]

NEW OR LITTLE-KNOWNNEOTROPICAL(7'I PU LI D,E, DI PT ERA.)HEXATOMINIBy Cnes. P. Ar,rxlNoBn,
Ithaca, N. Y.r
The following species were included in collections received forstudy from the American Museum of Natural History (Mr. Grossbeck); United States National Museum (Mr. Knab); Cornell
University (Dr. Bradley); and the Muzeu Rocha (Seflor Rocha).
I express my sincere thanks to the above-named gentlemen forthis and other favors received from them. The present paper
deals with Lhe Hexatomini, an extensive tribe of crane-flies, whichreaches its maximum of specific development in the tropics. The
study of these forms was conducted as research in Systematic
Entomology at Cornell University under Dr. J. Chester Bradley,
to whom I am indebted now, as before, for advice and manv valuable suggestions.
t EutomologicalT-aboratory, Cornell Uuiversity

34

PsYche[,\:bruarY

Eriocera Lacquart.
de la Coquille; Zo-iJl';r)' 20; l' 9'
Voyage1830. CalopteraGuerin;vol' I' pt' l; p 7'l'1838. ErioceraMacquart; Dipt' Bxot';
Coquille; Zodl ; vol' 2' pL' 9; p' 987'
Iatl'
Vo1'age1838. EaaniopteraGuerin;N{us ; vol' I' p' 7t]'
PterocismusWalker; List Dipt Brit'it*t.
l S S 0 . A l l a r i t h m i a L o e r v;Be r n ste in u n d Be r n ste in { a u na'Jr'l }tl 'Nederl lrrrl'; vrl' l1' p' ll'
OligomeraDoleschall; Naturk' Tijds' v'
iaiz.
Sci' Phil'; p' 2l'9'
Nat'
Acad'
Proc'
Sacken;Osten
Ari'henica
itio.
pl' 3' Iig' l'
p'
123;
Fr';
Ent'
1859. Pltyseuaniatsigot; Ann' Soc'
32' pt' 1' p' 3d' Iig' tl' V'
vol'Jahrb;
Zodl'
1912. And'roclosmaEtd"'1"it';E r i o c e r a i s o n e o fth e d o n r in a n tg e n e r a o fth e cr a llc- fly fi rrrrl l r'i ngivenbelorv is based on a sttr(lyNeotropical countries. The kcy
a careful considcratiorr ofof ,p""i-".rs of many of the specLs andbe supplclrrc*led
horvever'descripiions' It: should'
ifr"'*isi""lpossible'is
this
UV t'ft" original description $'herever
A Key Io tlrc l{eotropical SpeciesoJ Eriocera'or yellowish cross-bands' or r-ings light col1. \Yings dark colored with hyaline" I""""o r e r l v ' i t h d ar kcr o ss- b a n d s ""so' in color' not crossnearlyor
uniform'ornot'coloredWings, whether dark'l s
" "banded.
species; length'
cross-bands'[small
clark
three
'
with
.9
g. fV;e. fight-colored""'tri Jasci al al l dderr""( P o r to Rico .)8mm.l.
" 3'with hyaline or yellowish cross-bands
W"g, at"f.
"ol.red not rerl or yeliow"" " " '4
colored,'3. Heacl dark"s
" "H;;;1'ellowish or reddish
rvith the basal third and a ring at the secondput";"{"-o"u
wings
the
of
Base
4.
segments bright yellow; head- with-a
third yellow; fi"'t fott" abtlominal
braconidesllnd'r""'"
yellowish-grey bloom' (Colombia')-' exception of the apical segthe(withabdomen'tigt'
au"tt;
Base of the rvings(Guatemala') ' ' ' 'magnifi'ca' sp' n'ments of the I ) and head entirely black''6"
coloreddark
5. Tip of the wing
yellow
apicalanhavingofappearancetheTip of the wing pale giving the wing
' 'perpulchra' sp' n'cross-band' (North Brazil )whose distal edge
band'
hyalinenarrow'
6. Wings pale brov'n *ithl-oi""utely
spot [antennr bright brownstigmal
brownishasmall
cortl;
theis limited bywith three greyish brown stripes;
ish-yellow; tho"u"i" io"tu- brownish-yellow
brown on a ochraceous-yellow
quarter
apicalandthird
middlefemora with"airgulatiuentrisDnd't(Colombia')'"g".""at.
:"stigma not distinct ' '7
wider;
usuallyth"withwings darker b"o*r,"ross-band
p 338; 1885.
r Roder, V. von; Stett. Entomol Zeitung; vol 46'
p 47' ( l B ) ; 1912.
ti " i ." i " i " ,G.:Z ool.Jahr buch; vol 32,pt \!E n d e rl e i n , G.; I c.; p 47,48 ( f' ct) ; 1912'

ler4l

Alemnder-Nea

or Little-kno.un Neotropical Het(domini

7. Legswith the tibire, atleasttheposteriorones, withabroadrvhitering.
Legs without whitc bands.

gE. . . . . . .g

8. Thorax uniformly black; [heacl and base of ..rt"rrl*urrif."-f"U"",yellow;'rving band yerlor'; anar ceils a rittle ress brown""rdrrnl
than rest of the brownbandl . (ts raz i l .).....tc ni opteraW i ed.,Tlmraxuniforml"v black, <iors.m v.ry faintly stripecr, preurre sooty-brow';'ot[abdomen black; a scoriaccous,bl.ish-brack band at the base of each segment]. (B raz i l .).....c amtrLari a\y i et),.u
9. Femora banded rvith l,ellorv rings on a darker ground;flarge, g, length, lg mm.;head I'cllov'ish-ora'ge;
first antennar segrnent brorvn; abdomi" *iil, ,"gments 2, 3, 4 and the terminal ones ycllorvish_orange,
thc others black].
(Braz i l .)........fas c i ata Grerl
Femora not banderl
yelrorv rings; legs yeilou-, bro.vn or brack usualry'-ith
da rk eni ng tow ard theti ps of the s c grnents .
...........10
10. Antennrc crrtirely orange; flarger; Q,length 15 mm.;wing_bandspale yellowJ.
(B raz i l .).....n.tf,c orni s Mac q.r
Antenna with only the scapc orange, flagellum brown;
fsmaller; g less tha'nl 2 mm' l '.........1rll' Thoracic dors.m blackish-grey trir.ittate with brack;
bancl
and
anar celrs[wingyellorvishl. (Ilrazil.)...melanaqa yiied.e
Thor ac i c dors um nc i thc r greJ .,nor tri v i ttate w i th bl ac k .
.........1g
12' Abdomen black, at base of each scgment a shining,scoriaceous,bruish-brackband. fThis species is also inclutlcd in couplet g;
Wieclemann t]oes not
mention rvhite tibiar bands, but specimenswhich Schiner
detcrmined as being
ca mi nari a had w hi tc on the ti bi :e]. (IJ raz i l .).....c ami nari a\$ec f.r
Abdomi'al segments e, S, an<l sometimes 4, with atleast the cauclal margins
whitish; bases of the segments usualry reddish. (Northcrn
S. Ameri"ca.). longi..styla Alex. ( : er y thr occphala Fabr. preocc.,)
l3' Abdomen m.stly yellowish or yelrowish-brown, usuaily
rvith a black bancl before the ti p. ....
..........t4
A bdo men mos tl y bl ac k or bl ac k i s h.
... ........96
14. Front al tuberc l e bl ac k orbl ac k i s h.
Frontal tuberc l ey el l ow i s h orreddi s h.

............15.:................18

15' Thorax red betv'een the pronotun and the suture,with a dark median rine;[abdominal segments 6 and 7 black; wings pale brownish; d, length,;mm .]. (Mex i c o.)....mes oc anthaO.S .toThorax y el l ow orreddi s h-y el l ow ,w i thoutadark medi anl i ne..........._...16
I Wiedemann, J.; Aussereur. zweifl.
fnsekt; vol. I, p. 2g; (Limnobia); lg2g.
0 Wiedemann, J.; l. c. vol.
I, p. Bl; (Linnobio) : lSZg.
;
0Guer i n, F. C . ; Y o y a g e d e l a C o q u i l l e . ;2o6l.;tol.2,pt.2i
p . 2 8 7 ; p l . 2 0 , l . 2 ; (E o a n i o p t e ro )i
1830.
7 Macquart, J. Dipt. Exot.;;
vol. 1, pt. 2; p. lZ6, lZ7 ; (Cylindrotono) 1g38.
;! Wiedemann, J.; Aussereur. zweifl.
Insekt; vol. I, p. b4g; (Ltnnobia); lg2g.
r Fabricius, J.; Syst. Antliar.; p.
Bl; (Tiputa); l8Oi.
rc Osten Sacken, C. R. R.; Biologia
Centr. Americana; Dipt.; vol. I; p. 10; lgg6.

36

PsgcheIFebruary

16. Antenne with flagellum light yellow; tltor.}x uniformly yellow; [abdomenwith segments 3-? with bxrwn spots; wings browuish, lighter-colored in theinterior of the cellsl. (Mexico')' ' 'flaaida Yt/ill't
spots
or stripes. . . . l7
lateralyellowblack
withthoraxorblack;
Antennre brownl?. Antennre black; a large black spot on mesonotum above each wing; abdomen' 'brunneipes Will'tz
black excepting segments l-4 and 9. (Nfexico.)
Antennre brov,n; a short black stripe on each side of the rnesonotum; abdominal
segments l-4 with a narrow posterior black band; remaining segments
black excepting their yellowish bases' (Mexico ). . . . . 'uillistoni Alex. (:/oscinla Will') preocc't!
lg. cell lst Mz far out toward the I'ing-margin, so that cz' beyond this cell isthat portion of fi, between cross-vein r and Sc" very
shortcr than CurlM";
thin, indistinct; [antenne of the d very long, filifomr, twice as long as the" ' ' 'nlaoocero' sp' n'body]. (Eastern Brazil.).
Cell lst Mz n€&rer to the wing root, so thal Cu beyond this cell is as long
Rt between r and 8c, equal to the remainder ofor longer than Ca,fllf,;""19'23'
R ' i n t h i ckn e ss; [a n te n n r eo f th e kn o wn d ' sshort] '""'
points whichlg. Males with the frontal tubcrcle produced into slender horn-like(Bolivia.)
are directed laterad; [abdomen with a subterminal black band].
cornl,gera, sp, n.
" " " "20Males (as kno*n) with the frontal tubercle normal
g 0 . N o c o n s p i c uo u sb la cksu b a p ica lb a n d o n th e a b d o men;sti gmal spotconspi cu o u s . ; u e n g th a b o u tlg m m ;win g 1 7 m m .].( Br itis hGui ana-E asternB razi l .)kaieturensis, sp, n,
A conspicuous sub-apical dark brown or black bantl on the abdomen " ' ' " ' "91
Scr]' (Ecuador')
91. Larger species;[length, 20 mm'; rving, 18 nm'; [Sc' longer than.ohausiana F'nd.t'
Smaller species [length, 15 mm' or less] .
99. Antenne brown; body coloration dull brownish-yellov"
Antennre yellow;

bocly coloration ;'ellow and black'

92(Peru'). .peruoxana, sp. tl.
(1\fexico-Costa Rica').....-.zonataO.S .t:

23. Females (as known) without a subapical black band on the abdomen; [length

Eastern Brazil')kaieturensis, sp. n.
the abdomen 24
band
on
or
blackishblackasubapical
rvith
Females (as known)
wings tinged with
9.1. Mesonotum uniformly redclish-yellow; [antennre brorr-n;
ol'solelo \Yill'to(Honcluras.)
brownishl.
" " '25"'"
Mesonotum longitudinally striped.
with black; Sc'
25. Scape of the antehnrc yellow; legs yeilorv, segments tipped.t":')'-'*:::
longer and more conspicuous than Sc, (i"15:I
25-28 mm.; wing, 20-21 mm.]'lgr4l

Aleran:lcr-Neu

or Little-knotn

NeotronicoJ Hemtomini

37

Scape of the antennrc brownish-black; legs blackish-brown except base of fore
. .tou'nsendi,sp. r-.
femur; Scr shorter than Scr. (Meiico.)
96. C ol or metal l i c bl ue w i th head orange"red. (P anama.)........l as s eps i O. S .rr.......97
C ol ornot metai r. bl ue.
.........98
97. Thorac i c prres c utumred.....
Thorac i c pres c utumbl ac k ...
.........99.hamorrhoa O. S.tt
98. Frontal tubercle red; scutellum black. (Mexico.)
Frontal tubercle black; scutellum red. (Guatemala.).erythraa O. St............30
99.Frontal tuberc l eoranE e..
Frontal tubercle black
30. Abdominal segments 3-5 with basesred dish. (Mexico.) . . . . . . .gracilis O. S.zo
Abdominal se€{mentsaltogether black. (Colombia.). .macquarti Endtr
31. Wings luteous, blackish toward the tips. (South America.) chrgsoptera Y'{a.lkz,......32
W i ngs mos tl y bl ac k i s h.
32. Wings brown, darker along costa; cells uniform; wings not reddish-yellow at
bas i s . (\Iex i c o.).......preti os aO,S .z t
Wings brown, either reddish-yellow at base or else with hyaline in some of thec el l s ...
..........33
33. Wings a little reddish-yellow at base. (Brazil.).......ni graN i ed:t*'Ti'*l:l ::-::i:i:::T:nl":i'inlii::':::i:,9"Jll,lffi1r,lThe follorving speciesare not included in the above key:
Penthoptera fuliginosa Schiner;26 (Colombia) shining pitchblack; femora with a broad yellowish-red ring immediately beyond
the base; head, antenne and palpi black; wings tinged with brown,
more saturated on costal margin. Osten Sacken, (Studies on
Tipulidre, pt. 2, p. 224), suggeststhat this is an Eriocera.
Limnobia f,aaiceps Wied. ;21 (Brazil) thorax and abdomen black,
forehead fiery yellow; antenne black. Venation (Pl. 6 b; fig. 10)
like Eriocera but cell .82very short.

(British Guiana

u Williston,S.: BiologiaCentr' Americana;(suppl; Dipt ; vol' I); p 227; 1900'
rzWilliston,S.; l. c., p. 227;pl.4, fie. 5; 1900.
tiWilliston, S.;1.c., p. 226;pI.4, fi9. 10; 1900
vo l.3 2 ' p t 1 ; p ' 4 5 ' 4 6; fi g A t; 1912'r r E n d e r l e i nG.;Z,o iil-Ja h r b u ch .;It OetenSachen,C. R. R.; BiologiaCent Amer'; Dipt ' vol l' p 10; 1886'
10Williston,S.; BiologiaCent. Amer.;Dipt'; vol l (suppl); p 227; 1900

Eriocera magnifica

sp. nov.

Dark brownish-black including the head; wings dark with a broad pale yellow
postmedian band.
17Osten Sacken, C. R. ; Biologia Cent. Amer.; Dipt. ; vol. I, p. f3; 1886.
u Osten Sacken, C. R.; ibid.; p. 11.
ttOsten Sacken, C. R.; L c.
ro Osten Sacken, C. R.; l. c.; p. 12.
rt Enderlein, G.; Za|. Jahrb.; vol. 32, pt. I; p. 45i 1912.
2rWalker, F.; Insecta Saundersiaua; vol. I; p. 438; (Limnobi,a)i 7856,
tr Osteu Sacken, C. R. R.; Biol. Cent-Amer.; Dipt.;vol. I, p. 12; 1886.
2aWiedemann, J.; Auesereur. zweifl. Insekt.; vol. I, p. 27; (Limnobia); La28.
rtWalker, F.; Iusecta Saundersiana; vol. I, p. 439,44O; (Limnobia); 1856.
It Schiner; Reiee Novara; p. 42. (Pmthoplua);
1868.
r? Wiedemonn, Ausrereur. zweifl. Inrekt; vol. I, p. 550i (Linnobia); 182a.

38

Psyche[Februaryd, Length, L[ mm.; wing, 12.4 mm.; antennre about 3.8 mm.
F o r e l e g , fe m . 7 .6 m m .; tib ia , 9 .7 m m .; ta r sus 1, 4.9;2-5,4.1 mm'
Middle leg, fem. I mm.; tibia, 9.6 mm.
Hind leg, fem. 9.8 mm.; tibia, ll.8 mm.
9, Length, 2l mm.; r'ing, 16.3 mm.; antenne about 5 mm.
Fore leg, fem. 9,9 mm.; tibia, 10.6 mm.; tarsus, 8.'4rnm.
1\Iiddle leg, fem. ll.4 mm.; tibia, 10.9 mm.
Hind leg, fem. 12.8 nm.; tibia, l3 mrn.
d, Rostrum and palpi dark brorvn; antennee, trvo basal segments brown; flagellum very dark brownish-black. Front, vertex and occiput deep brown. I'rontal
tubercle moderately broad, deeply notched.
Thoracic dorsum dark brownish-black rvithout distinct stripcs; pleurte morebrownish. Legs and haltcrcs dark brorvnish-black.
Wings (fig. ?) brown with a broad light yellow band slightly beyond the middle,
its outer margin just distad of thc cord.
Abdominal tergum, basal half shiny, apical half dull black.
9, similar to d
but larger and the genital segment reddish. Paratype paler and evidently newlyemerged; same place and date as the allotype.
April 5.
Holotype, f .
Trece Aguas, Cacao, Alta Yera Paz, Guatemala,.
(Schwarz and Barber.) Allotypc, Q same localit;.' and collector as the d,April 9. Paratype, I with the allotypc. Types in the U. S. Nat. Mus' Coll,
Paratype in the author's collection.

rer4l

Alerander-N

eu or Little-knoun N eotropical H exatomini

39

brown, basally, darkening to brownish-black on the knob. Legs: coxa and trochanters dark brorvn; femora dull brownish-yellow, tip broadly dark brown, an
indistinct broad darker metlian band; tibir and tarsi brown, the forrner lighter
colored basally.
Wings: pale light yellow; a broad brolvn basal band filling in the space fromslightly beyond cross-vein b to beyond the origin of fi"; a second brown band fillingin the space from the cord to the tip of R', down to the end of Cu'. Venation (seefig. 8): Sc rather short, ending opposite cross-r'ein r-m beforc the middle of lil+ri
cross-vein r about equal to that portion of R, proximad of it; i?s long,
Abdominal tergites reddish-brown, segments 6-? rather darker, brown; segments
8-9. reddish. Sternites rcddish-brorvn.
Ilolotype, Savannah, North Brazil. August 22, 1911. (Crampton.) Typ"in American Museum of Natural I{istory.
Eriocera longistyla Alex.
Syst. Antliar.; p. 3l (non T. erythroTipula erythrocephalalabricits;
cephala DeGeer. 1776).
1821 . Limnobia tythrocephala \Yiedemann; Dipt. Exot.; vol. 1, p. 17.
1828 . Limnobia erythrocephalaWiedemann; Aussereur. zrveifl. Ins.; vol. I, p. 30.
1838 . Cglindrotoma erythrocephala}lacquart; Dipt. Iixot.; vol. I, pt. L, p. 67.
1866 . Driocera erythrocephalaSchiner; \'erh. Zoijl. bot. Ges. \\'ien.; r'ol. 16, p.
ooo

1805.

Erioceraperpulchrasp.nov.

1868. Eriocera erythrocephalaSchiner; Novara Reise; Dipt.; p. rl1.
1869. Eriocera erythrocephalaOsten Sacken; Ilonographs Dipt. N. Am.; vol. 4;
p. 248.
As I lrave shorvn elservhere,the Tipula ergtlrocephala of Irabricius is homonynous
with DeGeer's specics and I have renamed it as above.
I have before me fir'e specimens of this handsome little form, as follows:(Crampton')(l) c/, Waratuk, Upper Potaro R.; July 15, l9ll.
(Crampton.)(2) d, Upper Potaro R.; July 17, l9ll.
(Lutz.) (in cop.)@) e 9, Tukeit, Llpper Potaro R,; July 2d, l9ll.
(Lutz.)(5) 9, Tukeit, Llpper Potaro R.; July 2.1,l9ll.

Head reddish; frontal tubercle notched; wings yellow with two brown bands.
c/, Length, 20.8 mm.; wing, 16.6 mm.; abdomen about 16 mm.;
Antenne 3.2 tntt.
Middle leg, femora, 10.4 mm.; tibia ll mm.; tarsus 8.3 mm.
Hind leg, femora, 11.8 mm.; tibia 13.6 mm.; tarsus about 8 mm.
c/, Rogtrum and palpi dark brown. Antennre, segments 1-2, orange-yellow;
segment 3, yellow basally, passing inlo dark brown at the tip; remaining segments
dark br<,wnish-black. Front, vertcx and occiput bright orange, rather obscured
posteriorly. Frontal tubercle very broad, truncated in front and broadly notched.
Pronotum very dark brown, Mesonotum, prrescutum, medially broadly dull
chocolate-brown with three narrow darker lines, one median, the other two on thesides of the broad median band, these dark vitta becoming indistinct behind; sidesof the sclerite anterior to the pseudosuture brighter, orange; sides of the prrescutum
behind, dark colored; scutum, scutellum and postnotum dark brownish-black.
Pleurrc dark brown, rather lighter colored on the ventral sclerites. Halteres, stem

I am including a few additional details in regard to measurements and coloration:d, Length, 9.1-10.3mm.; rv i ng, 9.9-10.4mm.
mm.; w i ng, 10.3-10.9mm.
9, Length, 10.8-Il
First and second antennal segments of the same bright orange color as the dorsumof the head; flagellum o{ antennre and the palpi dark brown.
Mesonotal pr€scutum dark brown covered with a thick yellowish bloom which isless intense on the cephalic margin of the sclerite; three broad dorsal stripes, very
indistinct.
The thoracic dorsum, r'ien-ed with the naked eye, appears pearlyyellow; scutum and scutellum similar to the prascutum; postnotum darker brown,
less pruinose. Wing shown in fig. 6.
Abdominal tergites, segment I very dark bror-n, only the extreme margin orange;
segment 2 light orange-yellorv, with a dark brown postmedian band; segment 3
orange, more yellowish on the anterior and posterior margins; segment tn, darkbrownish-black, anterior quarter orange; segments 5-7 deep black, 8 and hypopygium orange. Sternites about as in the tergites; the lateral line dark on Znd and

In its blackish head, rnagnif'caagreesmost closelywithbraconides
Enderlein (Zodl. Jahrb., vol. 32, pt. I; p. 47; fig. 81; l9l2) ofColombia; the remaining species rvith banded wings have thehead conspicuously orange or yellovr. Braconides difiers very
notably in its pale wing-basis, light bloom on the head, different
leg-pattern, etc.

40

Psychele14l

IFebruary

Eriocera macrocera sp nov.

;)

Frontal tubercle of the male produced into long, slender points; abdomen wittr asubterminal black band; general c'olor yellow.
d, Length, 12.8 mm.; wing ll.6 mm.l antenna nearly 4 mm.
Middle leg, femora, 8.2 mm.; tibia, 8.8 mm.
Hind leg, femora, 9.4 mm.; tibia, 10.7 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark, blackish; antennm, first two segments brcwnish-yellow;
ttrird bright yellow; remaining segments dark brownish-black. Front bmwnishyellow; vertex and occiput brownish-yellow, greyish near the eyes; frcntal tubercle
Frontal tubercle extended into two elongate, pointed
brighter, orange-yellow.
tubercles.
Pmnotum prolonged into rather long obtuse points at the antero-lateral angles,
brown. Mesonotum, prascutum, median line tamy;
a large, dark brown stripe
beginning near the cephalic margin, narrowing behind and gradually csnvergitrg
to near the suture. To either side of this, near the middle of the sclerite, begins a
Seutumbroad stripe which runs to the suture; ground color of the sclerite yellow.

broken.
Holotype f . Songo, Bolivia.
in author's collection.

(Received from Staudinger-Bang-Haas). Type

Eriocera kaieturensis sp. nov,

The only South American Eriocerd., so far described, with elongate antenne in the male. From the related Northern species,
E. longicornfs Walk., it differs in its reddish head and body-color.
The type-specimen is not at hand and a more detailed description
will be given later.
Erioceracornigerasp.nov.

41

largely brown, tawny in the middle; scutellum and post-scutum tawny; postnotum
tawny. Pleuree yellowish-tawny; sternum light yellow. Halteres tawny, knohs
rather darker. Legs brownish-yellow, scarcely darker at the apices of the segments.
lVings: cells C and Sc tinged with yellow, rest of wing greyish; stigma very indistinct, rounded. Venation (seefig. 3.). Sc ra Lher long, ending just beyond the levelof cross-vein r-m; Sczlonger and much stronger than Scr which is reduced in sizeand simulates a cross-vein (asinzonata O. S.); R" very long, nearly straight; Rr+along; cross-vein r oblique, inserted on Rr just beyond the fork.
Abdominal segments f-5, light yellow; 6 ? deep brownish black; hypopygium

3rd segments, The last specimen listed above ( I ) is similar but the abdominal
tergum has the basal three-fourths of segments l-3 almost black, the apical quarteryellowish. The 9, in cop, has the first abdominal tergite black.
The specimens are in the American Museum of Natural History with the exception of specimen No. 2, in the author's collcction.

Head reddish-yellow; antennre of the c/ twice as long as the body; the section of
Cu' beyond the outer end of cell lst Mr is shorter than the fused portion of Cu' and.
M",d, lVing, length,8.3 mm.; breadth at widest point,2.5 mm. Front, vertex
and occiput bright orange-yellow; antennr very long, brown.
Thorax and abdomen, brown. Wings with a slight brownish tinge; stigma darker
brown, Iarge but ill-defined; veins C, Sc and /i rather yellowish; remaining veinsbrown. Venation (see fig. 4). Costa incrassated between ends of Scr and Rr ;Scr near the tip of Sc'; the portion of B' between Sc, and cross-vein r, delicate,
indistinct; Iis strongly arcuated at origin; Iir+a nearly twice as long as that portion of .Rr before cross-vein r; the portion of Cu' beyond the outer end of cell lst Mr
is shorter tban the fused portion of Cz' and Mr instead of distinctly longer as in all
short-antenned forms known to me; in other words, cell lst Mz (discal) is very far
out toward the wing margin.
Holotype, 6/, Igarape-assri, Par6, Brazil. January 30, 1912. (H. S. Parish.)Type in Cornell Llniversity Collection.

Alemnder-NeuorLittle-l;nounNeotropicalHcratomittihLarge species (wing 17-21 mm.); head yello'rv; thoracic dorsum striped; legr witha broad subapical yellow band; wings with an indistinct yellowish band before thecord, stigma distinct.
6/, Length, about l9 mm.; wing, 17 mrn.; antennrc about 4 Irun.
Hind leg, femur, 11.4 mm.; tibia, 11.5 rnm.; tarsus,7.4 mm.
9, Length, about 25 mm.; wing, 20.8 mm.
Middle leg, femur, ll mm.; tibia, 10.9 mm.; tarsus, 8.9 mm.
Hind leg, femur, 14.3 mm.; tibia, 1i1.8mm; tarsus, 8.3 mm.
cl, Rostrum and palpi brown; antennre short, segments I and 2 bright orange,
remaining segments brown, Front, vertex and occiput bright orange-yellow.
Mesonotal prrescutum light yellowish-bro*'n pollinose nith a broad darker
brown median stripe, broadest in front, narrowed to a point near the suture, thisbroad band including a n&rrow, dark brown, rncdian line; two broad lateral stripesof the same brown color on either side, beginning behind the pseudo'suture, continuing back across the suture onto the scutal lobes; scutum light yellowish-brown,each lobe brown medially, a continuation of the lateral prescutal stripes; scutellum
Pleurre darker brown dorsally, beneath much paler,light brownish-yellow.
y-ellowish. Halteres, stem dull yellow, knob brown. Legs: coxaeand trochantersorange-yellow, the latter with a narrow black line; {emora yellow, darkened at
the tip and indistinctly and broadly darker beyond the middle producing a yellow
subapical band; tibie dull yellow; tarsi dull yellow, each segment tipped with brown.
Wings: of a pale yellow color, this color rather darker, more grefish, beyond thecord and near the base of the wing; stigma conspicuous, but not dark, brown,
Venation as in figure I'
occupying the end of cell,1s, Rr; veins brownish-yellow.
Abdominal tergum, segments rich yellowish-bmwn, darker apically; segments 5
and 6 darker; Iateral margin of the tergites dark brownish-black, produci'g a,dark lateral abdominal line; sternum yellow.
9, Quite as in the d, but larger.
Holotype, d.
Kaietur Falls, Potaro R.; British Guiana. August 8, l9ll.
(Cramp(F. E. Lutz.)
Allotype, 9. Savanna, North Brazil. August90, I9ll.
(Senor D. Rocha.) Holotype andton.) Paratype, 9. Ceara, East Brazil.
Paraty'pe in Muzeu Rocha,
Allotype in Arnerican Museum of Natural History.
Ceare, Brazil.

42Psgche[February

The paratype differs from the type c/ and g in having thefirst flagellar segment of the antennte tipped r,vith black, the wings
more unicolorous; and femora u'ithout the broad indistinct yellow
band. I believe that the sltccirnen is merely a variant of thetypical spccics. (Lcngth, alnost 28 rnm.; wing, Zl mm.)
Eriocera peruviana sp. nov.
General color dull brown; frontal tubercle orangc..
c/, Irngth, 11.8 mrn.; rving, 11.2 mm.; antcnnaeabout 2 mru.
Middle lcg, fcrn., 8 mrn.; tibia, 8.8 nrm.
Hind leg, fern., 8.9 mm.; tibia, 10.2 mm.
Rostrunr and palpi ycllowisli, thc latter rathcr more brorvnish. Antenne very
short, bror-n; basdl segments ligliter colored. Frontal tubercle and rcgion immediately behind it rich orange-yellorv; frontal tubercle deeply furrowed. Remainderof front, vertcx and occiput rich brown.
Pronotuni dark brown. I{csonotum, prpscutum, ground color light brownishycllow; cephalic niargin dark brown, continued backrvard as a stripe on either sideof the narrow median line; a short brorvnish stripc on sides; scutum, scutellum
and postnotum brol'nish-yellorv.
Pleurn: ycllorvish-white, a broad darker band
extending from the root of the wings to the ccrvical sclerites.
Halteres lightbrown. Legs: Iight brori'n, uniform. \\'ings:
cells C and 8c brownish-grey,
remainder o{ rvings clearer grey. Yenation (sce fig. S): Sc strong, Scr remote fromtip of Scr; fi,rs rnore or lcss on a ievcl with l?s.
Abdomen dull yellowish brown; sub-tcnninal three segments darker; hypopygrum reddish-brown.
Holotype,(Received from
Callanga, Peru.
d.
Staudinger-Bang-Haas).
T l p e i n a u t h or ' s co lle ctio n .
Eriocera townsendi sp. nov.
Frontal tubcrcle orange-ycllow; scape of antennre dark brown; legs black,9, Icngth, 18 rnrn.; wing, 13.6 mm.
Fore leg, femora, 6.3 rnm.; tibia, 7.3 mm.
Middle leg, femora, 7.8 mm.; tibia, 7.2 mm.
Hind leg, femora, 9.1 mm; tibia, 9.5 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark bron'n; scape of the antennre dark brown, apice ofsegment one pale, silvery; segments 3 to 5, yellowish-orange; remaining antennal
segments darkening to brown. Frontal tubercle moderately prominent and rather
deeply notched, rich orange-yellow; sides of the vertex behind the eyes brown.
Mesonotal prescutum with a broad deep brown median stripe, margined witha narrow deep black line and divided by a narro\!'median line of the same blackcolor; the lateral black stripe is forked near the pseudo-suture, the caudal branchending at the pseudosutural fovea; sirles of the sclerite somewhat brighter brown;
scutum, lobes brown, blacker on the cephalic margin; scutellum and middle lineof the scutum orange; postnotum dark brown laterally, broadly dull yellow medially.
Pleura dark brown. Halteres deep brown, base of the stem a little paler. Legs:
coxe and trochanters deep brown except the fore trochanter which is dull yellow;

19r41

Alexander-New

or Little-kmtn

Neotropical Heratomi,ni

43

fore leg with basal quarter of femur conspicuously yellow, abruptly darkening tobrownish-black; tibia and tarsi dark brownish black; rniddle and hind legs uniformly very dark bro'rvn. Wings almost uniformly bron'n; ceils C and Sc a little
darker colored. \renation: Sc long, Sct much longer and more distinct than Scz;
8r+r rather long, a little longer than R, beyond cross vein r and about three times
as long as Ilr betrveen the fork of Rz+sand r.
Abdominal tcrgum, scguents 1 4, orange-yellow; 5, cxtreme base orange-yellow;
remainder of 5th and 6 and 7, decp velvety-black; genital segment orange. Sternum similarly colored but duller.
Holotype, Q. Sierra N{adre, Chihuahua, Mexico. Hd. R. Piedras Verdes.
Alt. about 7,300 ft. (Coll. C. II. T. Townsend.) Type in U. S. Nat. l\{us. Coll.

This species is closest Lo zonata O. S. but I cannot make thetwo descriptions agree. The basal segments of the antenne intownsenil:iare very dark brol'n; there is more black on the abdomen; the legs are not yellorv (except base of fore femora) but
dark brorvrt. The peculiar course of Sc1 in zonata, apparently
ending in radius rather than in costa does not obtain in the new
species, rvhere Sc1 ends in costa, Sc1 being about tr,vice as long as
Scr'
Erioceraerythraa OstenSacken.
1886.

Eriocera ergthraa Osten Sacken; Biol. Cent. Amer.; Dipt. r.ol. I, p. l1'

One I from Cacao, Alta Vera Paz.
and Barber).

April 12, 1906. (Schwarz

The mesonotal prtscutum shows inclications of tlarker brownish stripes of which
the median is more double. Venation: Sc long, Scr strong, ending about opposite
the fork of Rzrai Sc, *'eak, much shorter than Scr. Iis almost in a line with Rr+r;
8, before cross-r'ein r a little less than one-half of R2+3;cross-vein r a little more than
one-half of R, before it; basal deflection of Cz' under the middle of cell lsJ Mr.
The specimen is in the Lr. S. Nat. Mus. Coll.
Eriocera gracilis Osten Sacken.
1886. Eriocera gracilis OsLer Sacken; Biol. Cent. Amer.; Dipt.

vol. I, p. 19.

One d, Sierra }Iadre, Chihuahua, Ifexico. Hacienda R.
Piedras Verdes. Alt. about ?,300 ft. Coll. C. H. T. Townsend.
Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll.
The mesonotal prmscutal greyish on dorsum, with three black stripes of which
the median one is broadest in front, narrowed to a point near the suture; the lateral
stripes which lie on the sides of the dorsal triangle are connected on the anterior
margin of the sclerite with the median stripe; the sides of the prrescutum ate moreyellowish than the grey dorsal triangle; scutum and scutellum, as well as the
postnotum deep, rich brown.
Venation: Sc rather short, ending far before the44PsgchefFebruary

fork of 8r+r; Sc, much shorter than Sc, but strong, in a line with the cord of thewing; Rr+3 long, as long as R, alone; cross-vein r about as long as that portion of
Rz between it and the fork of Ez+r; basal deflection o{ Cz, as near to the fork of.il/
as to the middle of cell lst Mz.
Penthoptera

Vor. XXI, Pum

Psrcno,19l4.

Schiner.

1863. Penthoptera Schiner; Wiener Entomol. Monatsschr.; vol. 7, p. ep\.
1869. Penthoptera Osten Sacken; Monographs Dipt. N. Am.; vol. 4, p. e56,
A Keg to the American SpeaiesoJ Penthoptera.
I' Small (r'ing less than 8 mm.); mesothoracic preescutum with the ground color
obscured by a greyish or bluish pruinosity, dorsal stripes not distinct;
metatarsi of the legs white; cell Mr of the wings present, i. e., Mr and. Mt
separate at the wing-margin.
(Eastern U. S.) .
. . .albitarsis O. S.t
Large (wing more than 9 mm.); mesothoracic prascutum yellowish with four
shining blackish marks; metatarsi of fore and middle legs more or less brown;
cell ,41' of the wings lacking, i. e., M, and M, fused to the wing-margin.
(Guatemala,). .conjuncta, sp. n.

2dA

S

The new species described below is a typical member of thegenus Penthopter& as defined by Osten Sacken (Monographs,
l. c., p. 256,257). It agrees with albitdrsis O. S. of Eastern North
America, and ch'irothecataScop. of Central and Southern Europe,in its snowy-white tarsi, a character not yet found in Eriocera,so far as I can discover. It differs from these two species, andcomes closest Lo cimicoides Scop. of Central and Southern Europe
in the lack of. cell Ml of the wings; from the last-mentioned species,
it differs in tarsal and body-coloration, etc.
Mr. F. W. Edwards2, in his recent comprehensive paper on the
Seychelles Tipulidre, has questioned the generic validity ofPenthoptera. The group is, indeed, founded on rather trivial
characters, but these, as defined by Osten Sacken, are numerous
and apply very well to the typical group of species. Penthoptera
fuliginosa Schiner, the only form ever described by the founder ofthe genus was considered by Osten Sacken to be a species of
Eri.ocera. In case Penthoptera is reduced in rank, Schiners /zlfginosa will require renaming.
Penthopteraconjunctasp.nov.
Thoracic dorsum yellowish with four dark marks; tarsi whitel cell .ilfr absent,tr, Length, 9.5 mm.; wing, 9.8 mm.
L Length, 10.6mm.; wing, l0 mm.
Alexander-NeotropicalrOeten Sacken, Monographs, vol. 4, p. 257,258.
See Needham, 23rd Rept, N. y. Ststc
Eatomologist for 1907, plate 12, figure f, for photo of wing.
rEdwards, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond.; 2nd *ries, Z&logy; vol. 15, pt.2; Sept. 1912. Tbe
Percy Sladen Trust Expeditioa to the Indian Ocean in lg0$-No.
14-Diptera,
Tipulide; p,196-2141'pl. lG-l1.

HexatominiIV.

rer4l

,::
t:;

#"

ffi
*

#

1
tr

ffi
ffi
;ti

Alerandn-New

m Little-hrcun NeotropfualHexatomirti

45

Rostrum and palpi brown; scape of antenna light yellowish-brown, the basal
segment slightly darker than the second segmen! flagellum broken' Front,
vertex and occiput dark-colored, thickly bluish-grey pruinose. Frontal tubercle
prominent, not notched'
Mesonotum yellowish-brown, shiny, a narrow deep brown line on eit'her side of
the pseudosutural region, nar-the broad dorsal median portion, beginning above
rowing behind and ending before the transverse suture: a large rounded brownspot on the sides of the sclerite before the transverse suturel scutum, scutellum
and postnotum yellowish-brown with a faint greyish bloom; a rounded darker
Pleurre very light yellow, a large
brown spot on the lateral lobes of the latter.
rounded brown spot on the mesopleurre underneath the wing-root and less distinct. spots.on the propleure and cervical sclerites forming an interrupted dorso'pleuralband, Halteres deep brown. Legs: coxrc and trochanters light yellow; femora
yellowish-brown, extreme tip darker brown; tibie brown; fore metatarsus brownon basal two.fi:fths, remaining portions of fore tarsi pure white except the last
segment which is brownish; middte leg, with the basal third of the metatarsus
Wings: subhyaline or slightly
brown; metatarsus of the hind legs entirely white.
Venation, seetinged wittr darker, especially toward the tip; veins dark brown'
figure 2.
Abdominal tergum with the segments dark brown; segmen{' I pallid at base,darker apically; extreme margin of segments 2-{ pallid; 7-8, not pale at tip;d trypopygium reddish-brown; sternites dull yellow.
(Dr' G' Eisen')
Patalue, Guatemala, Central America. 700 ft'
Holotype, d.
Allotyae, 9, with the type. Received at the National Museum, January 6' 1903'
Type in U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll.; allotlpe in autbor's collection.
EXPLANATION

OF

PLATE

IV.

The figures are all drawn to scale by means of a pro;ection microslope''
sp. nov.; wing.
Fig. l. Eriourakaidurensis
Fig. 2, Penlhoptera coniuncta sp. nov.; wing.
Fig. 3. Eriocera corni,gera sp. nov'; wing.
'
Fig. 4. Eriocera macrocera sp. nov.; wing.
Big. 5. Eriocera pnuuiana sp. nov.; wing.
Eig. 6' Eri.ocera longistgla Alex; wing.
Fig. ?' Eriocera ma4ni.fica sp. nov.; wing.
Eig. 8. Eriocua perpulcfua sp. nov.; wing.