Studia Entomologica,
vol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembrol97l

Undescribed or little-known Tropical
American Tipulidae (Diptera)C h a r l e sP . A l e x a n d e r

Editdra Vozes Ltda., Petr6polis,Rio de Janeiro,BrasilStudia Ent., vol. 74, fasc. l-4, novembrol97l

225

Undescribedor little-known Tropical American Tipulidae(Diptera) Part IV
CharlesP. Alexander,A m h e r s tM
, assachusetts(With 43 text-figures)

The precedingpart under this title was publishedin Studia. At this time I am
10, December1967
volumeEntomologica,
speciesf rom Panama,Brazil and Argentina,the great
describing
majority having been collectedby Lt. Col. Gordon Field andin Panamaduring 1953and 1954,the materialsfrom
associates
The latter
Chiriquiin the extremewestbeingof particularinterest.
are from El Volc6n, altitude about 4200 feet, andspecirnens
CerroPunta,at 6200 feet,with a few furtherspeciesfrom otherare in the AlexanderCollectionthroughstations.Thesenraterials
A snrallnumberof speciesare fronrof the collector.
the kinclness
Argentinaand Brazil, 3S discussedin the text.
Tipulinae

I . Tipula ( Microtipula) luteidorsata sp. n.
[ ) o r s u m o f h e a c l a n c l n r e s o n o t u mc o n s l ' l i c t i r t t r slllye l l o w , t h e s i c l e s
b r o r v n ; a n t e n n a e u ' i t h f l a g e l l a r s e g n r e n t sb i c o l o r e d ; w i n g s i n fu s c a t e d ,prearcularf ielcl,cells C anclSc, ancl the stigma darker brown; conspictlous
whiteneclareas before sti.qma and across base of cell /sf Mr, Rr -,atrophiecl;abdominal tergites narrowly obscure orange yellow meclially.
sides brorvnish black, sternites brownish yellow, basal segmentsclearer
yellow; ovipositor with valves short, cerci yellow with obtuse tips,
h y p o v a l v a et r i a n g u l a r i n l a t e r a l o u t l i n e , s t r o n g l y d a r k e n e d .

L e n g t h a b o u t 1 3 l n n l . ; w i n g 13 n l m . F r o n t a l
F e m a I e.
prolongationof hcacl shorter than the rentainder,light yellow
above,inciudingthe nasus,more infuscatedbeneath;palpi brown,basal segmentmore yellowed.Antennaervith scape and pedicel
very pale yellow, third and fourth segments slightly darker
segmentsbicolored,yellow, basal enlargements
yellorv,succeeding
darkened,terminal segmentblack. Head with front and anteriorvertex very light yellow, genae cinnamon brown.
Pronotalscutunrlight yellowmedially,sidesbrown.Mesonotum
almost uniformly yellowed, brown laterally, including the borderof the praescutum, more narrowed on sides of scutal lobes,
parascutella,and the interpostnotalsuture. Pleura light yellow.
Halteres with stem light brown, knob dark brown. Legs withcoxae and trochanterslight yellow; f emora light brown, tibiae
slightly darker, especiallyoutwardly, tarsi dark brown. Wings
l5

226

Alexander,T r o p i c a lA m e r i c a nT i p u r i d a e( l v )infuscated, prearcular field, cells c and Sc, and stigma
conspicuously
darker brown, outer endsof cellsR2 and R3 slightly
infumed; veins light brown, darker in the patterned areas,
including the anterior cord; whitened marks before stignra andacross base of cell Is/ Mr, stightly invading cells R ancl Ms.
Venation: R, - z atrophied; petiole of cell M 1 long, about twothirds the cell or three times m; m-cu on M4 producinga shortperpendicularbasal section of the latter vein; cell 2nd A
relativelybroad.
Abdominal tergites medialry obscure orange yellow, sides
more broadly brownish black; sternitesbrownish yellow, thebasal segmentscleareryellow. Ovipositorwith valvesshort, cerci
more yellowed, tips obtuse, hypovalvaeshorter, triangular inlateral outline, margin strongly darkened.
Holotype, g , El Volcdn, Chiriqui, panama, altitude 42OO
feet, at light, April 4, lg14 (Gordon Field).
In the nature of the wing pattern the present fly is most similar
to Tipula (Micr.o.tipula)spinicauda Alexandir, likewiie from panama,
this differing evidentlyin the blackenedantennaeancl in the colorationof the thoracic dorsum. Various other membersof the subgenushave
the costal brlrder of the wing darkened,sonreu'hatas in itt. present
fly, all differing in the coloralion of the botlv antl appenclages.

2. Tipula (Microtipula) obstinata sp. n.
Generalcolorationof th,oraxyellow, praescutumand scutumobscureorange; wings pale yellow, patterned with light and darker brownabdomen orange yellow *ittr a subterminallark brown ring; matehypopygium with the outer dististyle a slender yellow rod that is
P.nl at a right angle at near two-thirds the length, apex truncatetl;
beak of inner dististylestraight, slender.

AIa I e.
L e n g t h a b o u t 1 2 n r n r . ; v v i n g 1 2 m m .; a n t e n n aabout 4.5 lttlll. Frontal prolongationof heacl obscure vellow,
palpi slightlydarker.Antennaewith scapebron,nishyellow,pedicel
and f irst f Iagellar segment light yellou', succeedingsegnrents
bicolored,yellow, the small basal enlargernent
brownish black,outer segmentsmore uniformly darkened.Head light brown.
Mesonotalpraescutumand scutum obscureorange, unpatterned,posteriorscleritesof notum and the pleuracleareryellow.
Haltereswith stenryellow, the small knobs slightly darker.Legs
with coxae and trochantersyellow; remainclerof legs broken.
Wings pale yellow, conspicuously
patterneclrvith light brown,
including the prearcularf ield, costal borcler,ancl outer radial
cells; darker brown seamson vein R*- ,,, m-cu, ancl outer medial

Studia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembro lg?l227

veins; veins light brown, darker in the patternedareas,Cu moreyellowed.Venation: Basal sectionof R+- s long, straight,reducing
r-ffi, basal sectionof vein stronglyarcuated;cell Mr from about
trvo to three times its petiole;m-cu closeto midlengthof Ms-o.
Abdomenchiefly orangeyellow, subterminalsegmentsdark
brown to form a conspicuousring; hypopygiumyellowed.Malehypopygium(Fis. l) with ninth tergite,l, broad,posteriorborderwith a shallow V-shaped emargination,the broad lobes withnumerousblack spinoid setae,those of disk and outer lateralangleslight yellow. Proctigerfeebly sclerotized,
without spinous
points. Regionof ninth sternite,gs, betweenthe basistyleswith
a broad depressed-flattened
yellow plate,its apex nearly truncate.
Basistyle,b, with an obtuse darkenedlobe, not roughenedor
corrugatedas in various. allied species.outer dististyle,d, a
slenderyellow rod, bent at a right angle at near two-thircls
its length,apex truncate,at point of angulationwith a blackened
flange; inner style broader,similarly angulated,the long beakstraight and slender,lower beak small, apex obtuse; regionof dorsal crest with a group of long btack setae.Eighth sternite,
8s, only slightly narrorvedoutwardly, apex very broad, nearlytruncate,with long yellow setaethat are concentrateclr)h either
sicleof midline.
Holotype, d , EI Volcdn, chiriqui, pananra,altitude 42oo
feet, April 4, lg54 ( Cordon Field) .
The present fly is generally similar to certain regional
species-thethat have the wing pattern and venation approximately.ur'., alldifferingamog themselves
in hypopygial,"trucirire,
especiillythe basistyleand both dististyles.Such speciesinclucleTiputtt (Microtipuia)intemperata
A l e x a n d e r ( E c u a d o r ) . T . ( M . ) j i v a r o n i s A l e x a n d e ri p e r u ) , T . ( l V . )l i c h y a n aA l e x a n c l e (r v e n e z u e l a )a, n d s o m e o t l r e r s .
Limoniinae, Limoniini

3. Limonia (Caenoglochina)
lotax sp. n.
Size large (wing of male about 0.5 mm.); general coloration of
mescnotttm polishecl yellow and brownish black; antennae relativety
l o n g , f l a g e l l a r s e g m e n t ss t r o n g l y n o d u l o s e ; w i n g s w i t h S c l o n g ; m a l ehypopygium with tergal lobes conspicuous,setiferous; mesal face of'complexbasistyle with two
lobes; dististyle with rostral region antl
posterioraextension with numerous blackeneclspicules.

N I a I e.
Length about 5.7-6 nlm.; wing 6-6.2 mnl.;
a n t e n n aabout 2.3-2.5nlm. Rostrumbrown; palpi darker brown,t e r m i n a lsegmentslender,longer than the penultimate.
Antennaeof nrale dark brown; flagellarsegmentsstrongly nodulose,the
15.

228

Alexander,

TropicaAl m e r i c a nT i p u l i d a e( l V )terminal stems about one-third as long as the swollen bases,
terminalsegmentlong, nearlyone-halflongerthan the penultimate,narrowedvery graduallyto the nearly acute apex. Head brown.
Pronotumbrownishblack. Mesonotalpraescutumyellowed,
with a blackenedcentralstripe that ends some distancebefore
suture;scutallobesextensively
brorvn,centralareamoreyellowed;
scutellumdark brown, parascutellamore yellorved;postnotum
yellow.Haltereswith
brownishyeliow.Pleurapolishedbror.vnish
Legs with fore coxaedark brown,
stem yellow,knob infuscated.
remainingcoxae and all trochantersyellorv;fenroraand tibiae
mediumbrown, tarsi darker.Wings stronglytinged with brown,:
costalregionand stigmaslightlydarker;veinsbrown. Venation
Sc long, Sct ending shortly before f ork of Rs, slightly shorter.
than Sr, ; m-cu at f ork of M.
Abdominaltergitesbrownishblack, sternitesyellowed.A4ale
hypopygium(Fig. 5) large.Ninth tergite,t, with posteriorborderwidely separatedlobes that areconvex,with two conspicuous
providedwith very numerouslong setae,their puncturesvirtuallycontiguous.Basistyle,b, with two conspicuouslobes on mesal
face, outer one very irregular,proxintal lobe long, its basenarrowed,lnore than the outer half expandedinto a head thatbears abundantvery long setae.Dististyle,d, very contplex,its
body largerthan a long-ovalouterlobc; rostralrcgiondiagnostic,
darkened,
includingthe largerbeakand a snrallposteriorextension,
each. n'ith numerous blackened spicules. Gonapophysis,g,flattened,outer end nlore narrowed,terminatingin a microscopic
depressedp, a conspicuous
point.Aedeagus,o, slender.ProctigEt,
f lattenedlobe that is providedrvith abundantsetae,the outerones more darkened.
Holotype,6, on slide,El VolcSn,Chiriqui,Panama,altitude
42OOteet, April 4, 1954 (Gordon Field). Paratopotypes,
6 6,
April 7-20, 1954.
Limonia (Caenoglochina)Iotax is quite distinct f rom all otherknown species in the hypopygial structure, 3S described. The mostsimilar such species include L. (C.) pugnax Alexander (Surinam) andL. (C.) somnifica Alexander (Ecuador). The various parts of the
hypopygium are extremely complicated and may best be interpreted by
the figure provided.

4. Limonia (Caenolimonia)distantia sp. n.
Size relatively large (wing of male 6-7 mm.); general colorationoI thorax light yellow, pronotum with a narrow dark brown central

r
c
e

fr

d

Studia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembro 1971229

line that barely extendsonto the praescutum;antennalflagellum- uld
the halteresyello*; legs yellow, tarsi darker, femur with a relatively
narrow darkenedring at near th,ebasal third, outer two-thirdsuniformly
yellow; wings light yellow, restrictedlypatterned with dark brown'
in cells; male hypopygiumwith rostralcrossveins
without supeinumeraryspines of clististyleat near midlength of the prolongation,the apexof latter slender.

r
t
d
e

v

on
ral

Length about 6-6.5 mm.; wing 6-7'5 mm';
M a I e.
Length about 7 mm.;
antennaabout 1.2-1.4mm. F e m a I e.
lving about8 mm. Rostrumand palpi black,the former exceedingin length one-half the remainderof head. Antennaewith scapeand pedicel light brown, f lagellumyellow; proximal flagellar
ones rounded,outer fiveoval, intermediatesegmentstransversely
outrvardly,terminalsegment
ntore lengthened
oval, progressively
Head Iight brown
about one-thirdIonger than the penultintate.
to grayishbrown, the narrow anteriorvertex light grayCervicalregion clark brown. Prothoraxlight yellow, notumwith a narro\,vdark brown centralstripe.Mesothoraxlight yellow
with a narrow darkened
with faint greenishtinges,praescutunt
medianline at extrenrecephalicend. Haltereslight yellow.Legs
with coxae ancl trochanterslight yellow; femur yellow, with anarrow brorvnring about twice its length beyondthe base andat near one-thirclthe length of the segntent,the ring broadest
and most intenseon fore legs, narrowerand paler on posterior
pair, in cases obsoleteon posterior legs; tibiae yellow, tarsi
brown,darkeroutwardly.wings (Fig. 2) light yellow,prearcularand costal tield to the wing tip more saturatedbutter yellow;
restricteddark brown nrarks include tip of Sc, confluentwitha seam over basal deflectionof Rs, stignral area as a narrow
seamover R2 anclfree tip of Sc2 cord, outer end of cell I st M2,
seamon outer third of vein 2nd A; a further
ancla conspicuous
spot at tip of Rsi veinsyellow,brown in the patterned
nticroscopic
areas, vein Cu dark saturatedyellow. Venation: Sc short, in
virtual alignmentwith the perpendicularand sometimesspurredcrossveinsin cells; cell /sf Mzbase of Rs; no supernumerarynearly twice he distal section of Crr; m-cu close to fork of
M, in casesslightly beforeor beyond.
Abdomenyellow throughoutor with outer segmentsweakly
more darkened.Male hypopygium(Fig. 6) with posteriorborderof tergite, t, convex, very shallowly emarginate,lateral angles
extendedinto long points. Basistyle,b, with ventromesallobe
relativelysmall, oval, lower mesalface of style with severallong
dark setae.Dorsal dististyle,d, with apex narrowedinto a long

230

Alexander,T r o p i c a lA m e r i c a nT i p u l i d a e( l V )slender spine; ventral style relatively small, its area subequal
to the basistyle,rostral prolongationwith the two relativelyshortspines placed close together at near midlength, outer end of
prolongationslender,nearly three times the length of a spine'
Gonapophysiswith mesal-apicallobe narrow. Aeadeagus,Q, atapex terminatingin two very small lobes.
Holotype,6 , Cerro Punta, Chiriqui,Panama,altitude 6200
feet, takenat light over a stream,April 20, 1954 (Gordon Field)'
12 g 6 , with the types; paratYPe'
Allotopotype,9 . Paratopotypes,
6 , El volc6n, chiriqui, altitude 4200 feet, April 4, 1954.
The most similar species is Limonia (Coenotimonia)galbipes
A l e x a n d e rf r o m E c u a d o r ( s t u d i a E n t o m o l o g i c al 0, : 2 8 8 - 2 8 9 , f i g . 3 ;l96Z) which likewise has the legs chiefly yellow r,r'ith-the very narrowscarcelyevident darkenedring placed-tttis shortly before the tip of femur'
latter speciesshould be corrected.
An error in the descriptionof
galbipeswith L. (c.) brachl'csnthaAlexander,the final
In comparing-t.idr" brachycantha,
in the almost
which cliff ers evidently"brachycantha,line in part
uniformlyyellow legs". Ttre intendedand correctreadingis
from *tli.t'r gabi;es differs evidently in the almost uniformly yellow
t.c.,"pale 28g. In other ipecies of the subgenus the le.gs
legs"ur". patterned wiitr, brown or black. All previously described species
are listed in the 1967 paper cited above'
The paratype male'of the present fly, El Volcan, is smaller thanthe others of the series and in one wing only there is an adventitious
crossveinin cell R3 placed f ar distad.

5. Limonia (Dicranomyia) brunneistigmasp' n'
Oeneral colorationof thorax yellow, patternedvvith polishedblack
areas ttr,atappear brownish gray fiom a very heavy pruinosity; halteres
yeffo*; wingi light yellow,."theoval brown stigma ugty conspicuotts,
with posterior border of tergite conv-ex'
veins yellowl *ui. hypopygium
butat midline with a 5n1uffihutlo* emargination,tergal setae longapex of dorsal dististylea long slender spine;
pale and inconspicuous;rostralventral dististylelarge, about tour times the basistyle,with two
spines.

M a I e. - Length about 5-6 mm.; wing 5-6.8 mm.; antenna
about 0.8-0.9mnl. Rostrumbrown, palpi darker.Antennaewith
scape black, pedicel brownish black, f lagellum light brownish
yeliow, outer segmentsonly slightly darker; flagellar segments
oval, progressiveiylonger and more slenderoutrvardly,subequalin length to their verticils.Head gray'pronotum darkenedmedially, sides light yellow. Mesonotal
praescutumyellow with three stripes that appear brownish graybu., a polishedblack ground; scutum yellow, centersof lobes
and lateral parts of suture similarly black and heavily pruinose,
median region and posterior angles yellow; scutellumbrownish

Studia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembro l97l

231

yellow; mediotergite
gray, obscureyellow medially,parascutella
chiefly
blackened,less heavilypruinose.Pleura and pleurotergite
metapleuralmorereddened,brorvn,dustedwith gra!, sternopleurite
area yellow. Halteresyellow. Legs with trochantersand coxae
yellorv, remainderof legs broken. Wings light yellow, veinsovalslightly darkeryellow; no patternexceptingthe conspicuous
brown stigma.Longitudinalveinsbeyondcord with macrotrichia.
Venation:Sc, ending a short distancebefore origin of Rs, Sc,
removed; Rs and basal section of R+- s subequal,both gently
curved; cell /sf M2 subequalin length to distal sectionof M:tim-cu close to fork of M.
Abdominaltergitesobscurebrownish yellow, especiallyon
bases,darkeroutwardly,sternitesobscureyellow; outer segments,
includingthe basistyles,brown, the ventral dististylesyellowed.
Male hypopygium( Fig. 7) with posteriorborder of tergite, t,convex,at midline with a small shallow emargination;tergal
Basistyle,b, small, its area
setaelong and pale, inconspicuous.
aboutone-fourthor lessthat of the ventraldististyle;ventromesal
lobe large, only a little less than the body of the style. Dorsal
dististyle,d, a gently curvedsickle,its apex a long very slendershort,outermargin
spine;ventralstyle fleshy,rostralprolongation
before midlengthwith two approximatedspinesthat are aboutg, withone-thirdlonger than the apex beyond.Gonapophysis,
lobe a short curved spine,its tip acute.Aedeagus,
mesal-apicalo, broad, the genital tubes approximated,ending at apex.
Holotype,6 , El Volc6n, Chiriqui, Panama,altitude 4200
feet, April I 3, lg54 ( Gordon Field) . Paratopotype,6 .
differs from all other presently
Limonia (Dicranomyia)brunneistigma
known Neotropical species by the yellow wings with conspicuously
darkenedstigma.

6. Limonia (Dicranomyia) submulsasp. n.
Allied to mulsa,'size large (wing about l0 mm.); disk of mesonotal
praescutumwith three confluent black stripes; femora brownish yellow,
tips narrowly clear yellow; wings weakly infuscated with a darker
brown pattern inclucling two major areas along cord; cell M4 at wing
margin very extensive; m-cu longer than distal section of Cut; malehypopygium with apex of the dorsal dististyle narrowly obtuse, ventral
style very large and f leshy, spines of rostral prolongation on lower
margin near apex, each spine extendedinto a hairlike point; gonapophysis
with mesal-apicallobe unusually slender.

tVta I e. - Lengthabout7.5-8mm.; wing 9-10 mm.; antenna
Length about 9-10 mln.; u'ing
about 1.8-2 mm. F e m a le.

232

Alexander,T r o p i c a lA m e r i c a nT i p u l i d a e( l V )l0- I I mm. Rostrum and palpi black. Antennaeblack; f lagellar
segmentsoval, outwardly becoming longer, terminal segment
longest, verticils shorter than the segments.Head dull grayish
black.
Pronotal scutum large, black, scutellum pale. Mesonotal
praescutumwith disk extensivelycoveredby three confluentblack
stripes,humeraland lateral bordersobscureyellow; scutal lobes
blackened,median region and the scutellum obscure yellow;
postnotumbrown to black. Pleura chiefly dark brown, the meral
regionmore yellowed.Haltereswith stem yellow, the small knobs
brown. Legs with fore coxae blackened,remaining coxae andall trochantersyellow; f emora brownish yellow, tips narrowly
cleareryellow; tibiae and basitarsiobscureyellow, outer tarsal
segmentsbrownish black. Wings ( Fig. 3 ) weakly infuscated,with a darker brown pattern, including the oval stigma andextensivepaler brown clouds over the cord, interruptedat Il4 toform two separateareas; a conspicuousdarkening in cell M
adjoiningvein Cu; veins light brown. Venation:Sct ending about
oppositeorigin of Rs, only a little shorter than the latter vein;
cell M 4 at margin very extensive,subequalto or more extensive
than the conrbinedcells M2 and Ms; m-cu longer than distals e c t i o no f C u r .
Abdominal tergites ancl hypopygiumdark brown, sternites
obscure yellow. Male hypopygiurn ( Fig. 8) with tergite, t,
relatively long, gently narrowed outwardly, lobes low, withnumerous long pale setae, their small circular punctures
Basistyle,b, small, its areaapproximatelyone-fourthconspicuous.
that of the ventral dististyle;ventromesallobe placed far distad
near outer end of mesalface. Dorsal dististyle,d, a small curved
sickle,tip obtuse;ventralstylelargeand tleshy,rostralprolongation
small, the two spinesplaced on lower margin near apex, eachspineslightlysinuous,extendedinto a hairlikepoint.Gonapophysis,g, with mesal-apicallobe unusuallyslender.Aedeaguswith apex
scarcelyproduced.

altitude
Argentina,
Catamarca,
Holotype,d, North Aconquija,
I 700 meters,October2, I 968 ( L. E. Pena). Allotopotype,I ,20 6 I , on nine pins, taken
pinned with type. Paratopotypes,
with the types.
The most similar speciesis Limonia (Dicranomyia)mulsa (Alexander),described from Peru, which has the venation of the medial field of
the wing much as in the present fly. There are i'mportant differencesin the hypopygia of the two species, including the tergite, rostralprolongation of the ventral dististyle, and the gonapophyses.

Studia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembro1971

233

7. Lirnonia (Geranomyia)aneura sp. n.
Size small (wing of male to about 5 mm.) ; rostrum about one-h,alf
the remainderof body; general coloration of thorax dark brown-,posteriors c l e r i t e sp a l e r ; l e g s a n d k n o b s o f h a l t e r e sb r o w n ; w i n g s a l m o s t u n i f o r m l ybrown, stigma vaguely more darkened, Sc short, cell M, open byatrophy of m; male hypopygium with ventral dististyle very large;
rostral spines subequal in diameter, the outer one about three-fifths
as long as tlte inner.

Length,excludingrostrum,about 4.3-4.5 mm.;A{ a I e.
wing 4.5-5 mm.; rostrumaloneabout 2-2.5 mm.; antennaabout| .l -l .2 mnl. Rostrumbrownishblack, long, about one-halfthe
remainderof body, labial palpi paler outwardly,maxillary palpi
black. Antennaeblack; f lagellar segmentsoval with truncatedapices,terminalsegmentaboutone-halflongerthanthe penultimate.
Head brownishblack.
Cervical region brownish black. Pronotal scutum brown,
scutellumand pretergitesobscureyellow. Mesonotalpraescutum
and scutal lobes dark brown, central region of scutum paler;scutellumand postnotumpaler brown. One of the paratypeespecimens
shows indicationsof more reddishbrown praescutal
stripes.Pleuradark brown,posteriorscleritesand the pleurotergite
more yellowed.Haltereswith stenr yellowed,knob dark brown.
Legs with coxae and trochantersobscureyellow; remainderoflegs almost uniformly dark brown; femoralbasesvery narrowly
pale. Wings ( Fig. 4) almost uniformly brown, the oval stignta
only vaguely more darkened;veins brown. Venation:Sc short,
Sc1endingalmostoppositeorigin of Rs in type,in otherspecimens
slightly beyond;cell Mz open by atrophy of m, cell MB a little
shorterthan its petiole;m-cu at or shortlybeyondthe f ork of M.
Abdominaltergitesand the hypopygiumdark brown, sternites
slightly paler. Male hypopygium(Fig. 13) with posteriorborderof tergite,t, very shallowlyemarginate,the lobeslow and obtuse.
Ventral dististyle,d, very large, at least four times the basistyle;rostral spines subequalin diameter,the outer one f rom about
three-fif ths to two-thirds the length of the inner. Gonapophysis,g, with mesal-apicallobe slender,the tip acute.
Holotype, 6, El Volcdn, Chiriqui, Panama,altitude 42OO
2 6 6, May
feet,May ll, 1954 (GordonField). Paratopotypes,
lt-12, 1954.
f

s
rl

234

Alexander,T r o p i c a lA m e r i c a nT i p u l i d a e( l V )Limonia (Geranomyia) an€urd is unique among American speciesof membersof the subgenusin the open cell M, of the wings. The
most similar species is L. (G.) disparitisAlexan-cler,f rom Mexico tir
Panama, with cell /sf M2 present and with the hypopygial structure
differing in details, especiallythe greatly reduced outer spine of therostrum of the ventral dististyle.I have one specimenthat was assigned
to this latter specieswhere cell Me- of th,e win.q is open as in thepresent fly but which certainly is distinct in hypopygial characters.
Other regional species with uniformly darkened wings and with cell/s/ M,, present include L. (G.) cerberus (Alexander),L. (G.) contorta
Alexan-der,and some others, all larger than the present fly and with
distinctivehypopygia.

8. Limonia (Geranomyia) monorhaphidiasp. n.
Ceneral colorationof mesonotumbrown, praescutumwith four morec i n n a m o nb r o w n s t r i p e s ; l e g s d a r k b r o w n , t a r s i s l i g h t l y p a l e r b r o w n ;wings strongly darkened.stigma short-oval,darker brown, S., ending
about opposite midlength of Rs,' male hypopygium with the dorsal
dististyle a slender curved sickle, ventral style very large and fleshy,
its area about four times that of the basistyle; rostral prolongation
with a single spine f rom a large basal tubercle; gonapophysiswith
mesal-apicallobe narrowedto an acute point; apex of aedeagusbilobed,
each lobe produced into a slender pale spine.

Length,excludingrostrum,about 7 mm.; wing
6.5-7 mm.; rostrum alone about 4 . 3 - 4 . 5m m . F e m a l e .
Length, excludingrostrum,about 8 mm.; wing 7 mm.; rostrum
M a I e.

about 5 mm. Rostrunlvery long, approximatelytwo-thirds thewing, black throughout.Antennaebrownishblack to black. Headbrownishblack, anteriorvertex very narrow, slightly pruinose.
Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotal praescutum with f our
cinnamon brown stripes, the ground darker brown, including
a median vitta and more extensivehumeral areas; scutal lobes
dark brown, the narrow midareaand scutellumobscureyellow;
postnotumcinnamonbrown. Pleuramediumbrown, more yellowed
ventrally.Haltereswith stem brown, knob brownishblack. Legs
with coxae and trochantersobscureyellow; remainderof legs
dark brown, tarsi paling to yellowish brown. Wings strongly
darkened,stigma small, short-oval,slightly darker brown; veinsbrou'n. Venation: Sc' ending about oppositemidlength of Rs,
Sc, slightly removed; supernumerarycrossveinirr cell Sc far
distad, beyond midlengthof Sc; cell /s/ M2 subequalto distal
section of Ms; m-cu close to fork of M.
Abdomen dark brown, including hypopygium. Male hypoposteriorborder with
pygium (Fig. 14) with tergite,t, transverse,
conspicuouslobes provided with long black setae. Basistyle,b,ventromesal
aboutone-fourththe areaof the largeventraldististyle,

l

(

t
t

t:

S

b

A
sl
d;
bc

Studia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembro lgTl

235

lobe unusuallylong, with very long light brown setae. Dorsal
dististyle,d, a slendergently curved sickle, narrowedto a longspine; ventral style with rostral prolongationsmall, at its basewith a larger tubercle that bears a single spine, this about
one-third longer than the tubercleitself. Gonapophysis,g, withntesal-apicallobe narrow, flattened,narrowed to an acute point.
Aedeagus,o, with apex bilobed, each lobe produced into aslender pale spine.
Holotype,6, El Valle, Panama,altitude2000 feet, December
23, 1953 (Gordon Field). Allotopotype,9 . Paratopotype,2 6 6,
Decernber22-23, 1953.
Other Neotropicalmembersof the subgenushaving strongly darkened
wings without pattern exceptfor the stigma includeLimonia (Geranomyia)
c e r b e r u s ( A l e x a n d e r ) , L . ( G . ) c o n t o r t a A l e x a n d e r ,L . ( G . ) i n fa m o s a
A l e x a n d e rL, . ( G . ) h e t e r o x i n h a
A l e x a n d e rL, . ( G . ) l a c h r y , m q l i(.As l e x a n d e r ) ,
(
G
.
)
p
e
n
t
h
e
r
e
s
L.
( A l e x a n d e r ) ,L . ( G . ) t u r b i d o ( A l e x a n d e r ) ,a n c l s o m e
o t h e r s , a l l d i f f e r i n g i n d e t a i l s o f c o l o r a t i o n ,v e n a t i o n .a n c l h y p o p y g i a l
s t r u c t t t r e .T h e o n l y o n e o f t h e a b o v e h a v i n s a s i n q l e r o s t r a l s p i n eon the ventral style is infamosa. of SoutheasternBrazil, quite distinct
from tlre present fly in the details of the hypopygium.

9. Limonia (Rhipidia) alampetis sp. n.
Ceneral coloration of thorax dull orange, pleura with, a conspicuous
brownish black longitudinal stripe; antennae of male with sevenbipectinatesegments,dark brown throughout; wings uniformlv brown,
unpatternedexcept f or the vaguely darker stigma, Sr., ending about'black,o p p o s i t em i d l e n g t h o f R s , ' a b d o m i n a lt e r g i t e s b r o w n i s hsternitesb i c o l o r e dy e l l o w a n d d a r k b r o w n ; m a l e h y p o p y g i u mw i t h p o s t e r i o rb o r c l e rof tergite very shallowly emarginate, rostral prolongatirjn of ventral
dististl'lewith two long spines,th€ apex beyonclshort and very obtuse.

M a I e.
L e n g t ha b o u t 5 . 5 - 6 m m . ; w i n g 5 - 6 m m . ; a n t e n n aabout 2-2.2 mm. Rostrumand palpi dark brown. Antennaedarkbrown throughout; in male with seven bipectinate flagellar
segments,the longest branchesto nearly twice the segments;
first flagellar segmentsimple, tenth with a single short branch,
the eleventhmerelyprotuberant,terminalsegmentelongate,simple,
narrort'edto the slender apex; vestiture of segmentsrelatively
short and inconspicuous,
as comparedwith eliona. Head dark
brorvn.
Pronotum dark brown, central area of scutum orange.
l\{esonotumdull orange, praescutumwith indications of threeslightly darker brownish orange stripes, lateral borders narrowly
darkened. Pleura brownish orange above, clear light yellow
beneath, central part with a very conspicuousbrownish black236

A l e x a n d e r , T r o p i c a l A m e r i c a nT i p u l i d a e ( l V )longitudinalstripe extendingf rom the cervical region to baseof abdomen.Haltereswith stem dusky, knob dark brown. Legs
with coxaeand trochantersclear light yellolv; remainderof legs
light brown, tarsi not further darkened.Wings uniformlysuffusecl
with brown, stigma only vaguelydarker; veins brown. Venation:
Sc, ending nearly oppositemidlengthof Rs, Sc, near its tip;
m-cu shortly beyond f ork of M.
Abdominaltergitesdark brown to brownishblack, sterrtites
bicolored,yellow, posteriorbordersnarrowly dark brown, outer
uniformlybrownishblack. Male hypopygium( Fig. 15)
segrnents
with tergite, t, relatively long, narrowed outwardly, posterior
rnodification
bordervery shallowlyemarginate;no well developed
lobe stout, outerof the proctiger.Basistyle,b, with ventromesal
tace with abundantlong setae.Dorsal dististyle,d, a stout gently
curvedblackenedrod, the tip acute;ventral style snrall,its arca
less than that of the basistyle;rostral prolongationbcyond thetwo long spinesshort and very obtuse,lcss than one-half thelobe
g, lvith tttesal-apicallength of the spines.Gonapophysis,
point.
blackened,straight,the tip a nticroscopic
Holotype, 6, El Volc6n, Chiriqui, Pananta,altitude 4200
severald 6 ,f eet, April 4, I 954 ( Gordon Field) . Paratopotypes,
April 4-20, 1954.
In the Neotropicalfauna there are about eight previouslydescribecl
speciesof the subgenusthat are of medium size and have the wings
uniformly darkenedand unpatternedexcept for the stigmal area. These
speciesare Limonia (Rhipidia) aspitota Alexander ( Ecuador), L. ( R.)e'lianaAlexander (SoutheasternBrazil), L. (R.) eremnopteraAlexancler(Ecuaclor,Peru), L. (R.) illuminataAlexander(Peru), L. (R.) melanorio
Brazil),Alexander(Peru), L. (R.) procterigericaAlexander(South,eastern(R.)
Alexandertiresias
L. (R.) sprucei Alexander (Ecuador), and L.
illuminataand proctigerica(Peru). Oi the above,aspilota,eremnoptera,h a v e a m o r e o r l e s s d e v e l o p e dp r o c t i g e r a ls c a f f o l d i n gt h a t i s l a c k i n g
i n t h e r e m a i n i n gs p e c i e sa n c l l i k e w i s ei n t h e p r e s e n tf l y . A l l o f t h e s especiesare sepirated alnong themselveschiefly in details of colorationa n d i n t h e s t r i r c t u r eo f t h e a n t e n n a ea n c l m a l e h y p o p y g i u mT. h e s p e c i e smost similar to the present fly is eliana.

10. Helius (Heliue) quadrivenasp. n.
Size relativelylarge (wing of male about 6 mm.); generalcolorationof body dark brown; legs brown, tarsi extensively snowy white;wings weakly infuscated,stigma pale brown, veins .Re-O uld \r -,extensively lused to produce the effect of four veins issuing tromcell /sf Mzi male hypopygium with. dististyles terminal or virtually
So, with ti'o production ol the basistyle; outer dististyle unequallyappearingas small blackened
bidentate;phaliosomewith gonapophyses
curved horns, aedeagusshort.

Studia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembro l97l

M a le. -237

Lengthabout5-6 mm.;'wing4.6-6mm.; antenna

about 0.9-1.1 mm. Rostrumshorter than the remainderof head,dark brown; palpi brown, terminal segmentlong and slender,
nearlyequalto the combinedremainingsegments.
Antennaebrown,
short, less than twice the length of the rostrum.Head dark brown.
Thorax almost uniformly dark brown, the region of thesuture,posteriorproducedanglesof the scutallobes,pleurotergites
and posterior pleural scleritesmore brownish yellow. Haltereswith stem brownish yellow, knob brown. Legs with coxae darkbrown, trochanterspaler; femora dark brown, tibiae slightly
paler; basitarsibroadly brorvn proximally, the outer third andremainderof tarsi snowywhite.Wings (Fig. 9) weakly infuscated,stigma elongate,pale brown; veins darker brown. Venation:
Sc, endingjust before f ork of Rs, Sc, closeto its tip ; vein Rq-n
extensivelyf used with M 1-z to obliterater-ffi, the distanceonly
a l i t t l e l e s s t h a n t h e b a s a l s e c t i o no f I I r - r , t h e r e t h u s a p p e a r i n g
to be four veins issuirrgfrorn cell 1s/ Mil m-cLtat near twothirds IlIs-+.
Abdomen,including hypopygium,dark brown. Male hypopygium (Fig. l5) with the dististylesvirtually terminal,the apical
productionof the basistylevery slight. Outer dististyle,d, very
unequallybidentate,the subternrinalspine short and straight,
axial spine strongly curved. Phallosome,p, with gonapophyses
appearingas small blackenedcurved horns; aedeagusstrongly
recurved,about twice as long as the horns of the apophvses.
H o l o t y p e , 6 , E l V o l c 6 n , C h i r i q u i , P a n a n r a ,a l t i t u c l e4 2 A 0
f e e t , A p r i l 4 , 1 9 5 4 ( G o r d o n F i e l d ) , P a r a t o p o t ; - p c6s 6,.
O t h e r r e g i o n a l m e n r b e r so f t h , e s e n u s h a v i n g t h e v e n a t i o n a b o u t
as in the present fly inclucle Helius (Hclius) quadrifidus Alexander(,\{exico) and H. (H.) tetracradus Alexander (Flonduras),these having
the dististylessubterminalin position and with f urther differencesin
tlre structure of the outer dististvle and phallosome.

I 1. Orimarga (Diotrepha) quinqueluscasp. n.
General colorationof thorax yellow, pleura clearer yellow; haltereslight yellow; femora whitened,tips abruptly black; tibiae white, extreme
base and apex black; wings yellowed, unpatterned except for f ive
pale brown clouds on disk, outer veins with trichia; male hypopygium
rvith both gonapophysesslender, aedeagus massive, blackened,with aconspicuouslateral arm.

M a I e.
Length about 8.5 mm.; wing 5 mm. Rostrum
obscureyellow, mouthpartsbrown, palpi black. Antennaelight

238

Alexander,T r o p i c a lA m e r i c a nT i p u l i d a e( l V )brown (outer, segmentsbroken). Front, anterior vertex andnarrow posterior orbits light yellow, posterior parts of headlight brorvn.
Pronotum brown. Mesonotumalmost uniformly yellowish
brown, praescutunrwith a vague more darkened central line,
darker and narrower in front; sides of notunt and the pleurawith a vague pale brown
cleareryellow, centerof mesepisternum
darkening.Haltereslight yellow. Legs with coxaeand trochanters
yellow; fepora whitened,tips abruptlyblack,tibiaewhite,extreme
base and apex blackened;tarsi white, outer segmentsweakly
darkened.Wings yellowed,unpatternedexceptfor five pale brown
clouds at origin and f ork of Rs, Rr, r-m and m-cu; veins very
pale brown, scarcelydarker in the clouded areas. Macrotrichia
o n v e i n s R s a n d d i s t a l e n d s o f R+ - s , M t - z a n d M B . V e n a t i o n :Rr -r nearly three times Rr, the latter in transversealignment
with r-m.
Abdomenlight brown above,sternitesmoreyellowed,seventhand eighth segmentsdarker brown to form a ring, hypopygium
light brown.Male hypopygiumwith dististylesonly slightlyfusedbasally,distalfourth of outer style narrowedinto a slenderspine.
slender;aedeagusnrassive,with both gonapophyses
Phallosonre
lateral arm, broad at base,bent
blackened,with a conspicuous
at a right angle into a clarkenedrod.
H o l o t y p e ,J , C e r r o P u n t a ,C h i r i q u i ,P a n a t n aa, l t i t u d e6 2 0 0f e e t ,a t l i g h ta b o v en r o u n t a isnt r e a mA, p r i l 1 9 ,i 9 5 4 ( G o r d o nF i e l d ) .
Other regional speciesthat have the coloration of the legs generally
as in the presentfly and with trichia on the outer u'ing veins include
the sub.genotype.Orimarga (Diotrepha'y mirabilis (Osten Sacken) andO. (/).) setosivena sp. n. These differ from the present fly in the
w i n g p a t t e r n a n d e s p e c i a l l yi n h y p o p y g i a l s t r t t c t t t r e .

12. Orirnarga(Diotrepha) setosivenasp. n.
General colrlration of mesonotum hr,'rvn. sitles of praescttturny e l l o w e c l ; l e g s w h i t e , a p e x o f f e m o r a c r i n s l ' t i c u o u s lbyl a c k , b a s e a n d
t i p o f t i b i a m o r e n a r r o w l y b l a c k ; w i n g s w i t h p r e a r c u l a ra n d c o s t a l f i e l d s
light yellow, remainder weakly darkened; longitudinal veins beyontl
corcl with abundant trichia; male hypopygium u'ith both gonapophyses^
obtuse at tips, aedeagus moderately sclerotized, broadly depressetlflattened, apex conspicuouslyemarginate.

wing 5-6.5 nlnl.;
M a I e.
Length about 9-9.5 r11r1'1.;
Length about 9.5-10
abdontenabout 7.5 ntm. F e m a I e.
mm.; wing 6.5-6.8 mm. Rostrum and palpi brownish black.
Antennaewith scapebrown, remainderdarkerbrown. Head gray.

a

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Studia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembrolgTl239

Cervicalsclerites
dark brown; pronotumpalebrown.Mesonotal
praescutumwith disk light brown, sides yellowed; scutal lobes
dark brown, central region and posteriorscleritespaler brown.
Pleura brownishyellow, with a vague clarkerlongitudinalstripe,
ntetapleuralregion darkened.Halteres with stem pale yellow,
knob weakly.darkened.Legs with coxae and trochantersyellow;
f emora whitened,tips conspicuouslyblack, tibiae white, baseand apex more narrowly black; tarsi white, terminal segmentdark brown. wings ( Figs. 10, I r ) with prearcularand costal
regionslight yellow, remainderweakly darkened,includingthe
outer radial f ield; veins light brown, more brownishyellow inthe brightenedareas.Longitudinalveinsbeyondcord with abunclant
trichia, includingR, -r, Rr-n, outer sectionof Ro_u,M, _z andM B. Venation: sc long, sc, ending f ronr about one-third tonearly midlengthof the very long Rs; R, _, very variable inlength,r s l r B r ' I rfrom
I' r u m ssubequalu o e q u a l Ito
o K
o n
Rz
2 tto
nearlye a r l y tthreeh r e e ttimes
i m e s tthis
his length(in the holotypeand other specinrens); vein R2 shortly prgxinracl
of r-m; m-cu tar basad,first sectionof M only about one_thircl
the length of secondsection.
Abdonren very long and slencler,black, including the
hypopygiunr.A'lalehypopygiurn( Fig. 17) with outer distisryle,d, very slightly longer than the inner, the latter with relatively
sparsestout setae.Phallosome,p, with the lateral gonaprtphysesr)r interbasesshort, very slightly narrowed outwardly; inner
aprlphyses,g, longer, tips broadly subtruncate,rnicroscopicallytrlothed.Aedeagusntoderatelysclerotizecl,
broaclly clcpresseclilattenecl,
apex conspicuously
enrarginate..
H o l o t y p e ,d , E l V o l c d n ,C h i r i q u i ,p a n a n l a ,a l t i t u d e 4 2 0 0f e c t , A p r i l 4 , 1 9 5 4 ( G o r d o n F i e l c l ) .A l l o t o p o t y p e 9, , A p r i l 7 ,I 954. Paratopotypes,d g , April 4, I 954. paratype, d , Cerro
Punta, Chiriqui, altitude 6206 feet, at light above niountain
Strc'tnt,April 20, 1954 (Gordon Fielcl).
( l t h e r s p e c i e so f t h e s u b g e n u st h a t h a v e t h e w i n g s a n d l e g s
much
as in the present fly include the subgenotype, Orimarga (Diotrepho\m i r a h i l i s ( O s t e n S a c k e n ) ,w h , i c hh a s t h e o u t e r u ' i n g v e i n s w i t h c g n s p i c u o u strichia as in this species but with the hy'popygium quite distinct.
e s p e c i a l l l 't'h e l o n g s l e n d e r a e d e a g u s .O . ( D . ) a t r i b a s i s ( A l e x a n d e r ) a n c lO. (D.\ luteipleura Alexander have the teg pattern much the samebut the outer wing veins are glabrous or virtually so ancl the detailsof the hypopygia are distinct.

210

Alexander,T r o p i c a lA m e r i c a nT i p u l i d a e( l V )13. Orimarga (Orimarga) transversalissp. n.
General coloration of body brown; halteres dark brown; legs
yellow; wings tinged with brown, vaguely patterned with darker brown,
prearcular f ield yellowed; macrotrichia of veins very sparse, restricted
t o t h e o u t e r v e i n s ; e l e m e n t sc o m p r i s i n gt h e c o r d i n v i r t u a l t r a n s v e r s ealignment, including the free tip of Sco and all elements of theanterior cord.

Sex uncertain. Wing 5.3 mm. Rostrumand mouthparts
brorvn, the former nearly one-third the remainderof head.
Head browu.
Thorax almost uniformly mediumbrown, the dorsum veryslightlydarker,praescutum
and scutallobesvaguelygraypruinose.
Halteresdark brown, the extremebase of stem paler. Legs withcoxae and trochantersyellow, the remainder virtually of thesarne color. Wings ( Fig. 12) tinged with brown, with vague
slightly darker cloudsover the cord and m-cu,'anteriorprearcularfield and the costal region pale yello''v,margins of outer raciial
cells weakly darkened;slightly nrore rvhitenedareas at fork of
M and in outer end of cell Ri,, veinsbrolvn,paler in the prearcularf ield. Costa with very sparse trichia on proximal third, nrorea b u n d a n t o u t w a r d l y ; t r i c h i a o f v e i n s v e r y s p a r s e ,i n c l u d i n g a
s h o r : ts e r i e so n R r , l o n g e r a n d m o r e a b u n d a n to n v e i n R n -u a n do u t e r e n d s o f a l l n r e c l i abl r a n c h e sV. e n a t i o n :E l e n r e n t sc o n r p r i s i n g
t h e c o r c l i n v i r t u a l t r a n s v c r s ca l i g n n t e n t ,i n c l u d i n g t h e f r e e t i p
o f S c , a t c o s t a a n c la l l o t h c r i ' c i n s b a c k t r - rt h c f o r k o f M ; v e i n s
R r - r a n d b a s a l s e c t i o no f X I r - r v e r y s h o r t t o v i r t u a l l y l a c k i n g ;Mr-r and M 4 subequal; m-cu about oppositc'niicllengthof /?s.
A b d o n r e nb r o w n , t h e s t e r n i t e ss l i g h t l y p a l e r ; o u t e r s e g m e n t s
broken.
Holotype, Sex? Grajahu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, April 20,
1 9 4 0 ( L o p e s a n d O l i v e i r a ) . P a r a t o p o t y p ea, b r o k e n s p e c i r n e n ,sex uncertain.
T h e m o s t e v i d e n t c h a r a c t e r sf o r t h e s e p a r a t i o no f t h i s f l y f r o m
r e l a t e d s p e c i e sa r e i n t h , e v e n a t i o n ,p a r t i c u l a r l y t h e v i r t u a l l y t r a n s v e r s e
a l i g n m e n t o f t h e v e i n s t h a t c o m p r i s et h e c o r d . T h e m o s t s i m i l a r f l yis Orinnrga (Orimarga) perpallensAlexander,of Jamaica,which differs
in details of venation and vein trichiation. The discoveryof better
preservedmales of the presentspeciesshould reveal clistinctivehypopygial
characters.

Hexatomini

14. Austrolimnophila (Limnophilella) multipicta Alexander
Austrolimnophila (Limnophilella) multipicta Alexander; Rev. de
4 3 3 - 1 3 4 ,f i g . 3 ( v e n a t i o n ) ; 1 9 3 9 .

Entomologia, t 0 :

I

(

I
I

a

I

i

:

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I

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Studia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembro l97l

241This attractivef ly has been known only f rom sdutheastern
Brazil (Sao Pauloto SantaCatharina).The presentrecordfrom
Argentinais basedon the f emalesex but there appearsto be
no doubt concerning
the identification.
Argentina:Alpachiri,Tucuman,altitude1000meters,October
I , 1968 ( Luis E. Pena).
15. Shannonomyiadilatistyla sp. n.
Generalcolorationof body brown or brownishgray; antennaebrown;n'ings uniformly light brownish yellow, prearcular and costal fields
c l e a r e rp a l e y e l l o w ,s t i g m a o n l y v a g u e l yi n d i c a t e d ;R z - B _ 4l o n g , s u b e q u a l
t r r o r e x c e e d i n gR s ; m a l e h y p o p y g i u mw i t h o u t e r d i s t i s t y l ee x p a n d e do u t w a r d l y ,a p e x o b l i q u e l yt r u n c a t e ,o u t e r p o i n t b l a c k e n e d ;g o n a p o p h y s e sunusuallylarge, very strongly curved, extendedinto needlelikepoints.

Lengthabout 6.5 mm.; wing 6.8 nlm.; antenna
M a I e.
a b o u t 1 . 2 m n r . R o s t r u m ,p a l p i a n d a n t e n n a eb r o w n , t h e l a s t
short; f lagellar segmentsoval, the more proxintal ones withlorver f ace slightly produced,normal vestiture very short anddelicate.Head brown.
Thorax damagedin availablematerial,the dorsumapparently
light brownish gra!t more yellowed posteriolly above and on
the pleura. Halteres whitened, apex of knob infuscated.Legs
with coxae and trochantersyellowed,remainderbroken. Wings( Fig. l8) almost uniformly light brownish yellow, prearcularand costalfieldsclearerpale yellow,stigmaonly vaguelyindicatecl;
veins brownishyellow. Longitudinalveins beyondcord and distale n d so f R s , b a s a ls e c t i o no f C u 1 a n d 2 n d A w i t h t r i c h i a .V e n a t i o n :R , - r - n l o n g , s u b e q u a tl o o r e x c e e d i n gR g ; R z v e r y f a i n t , a t o r
before the radial fork; cell /sf M2 subequalin length to vein
M s m-cu oppositeor just beyond one-third the length of cell.
Abdominaltergitesdark brown, sternitespaler brown, eighthand ninth segmentsmore yellowed; styli of hypopygiumbrown.
Male hypopygium ( Fig. 20) with outer dististyle,d, expanded
outwardly, the apex obliquely truncate, outer point blackened;p, with gonapophyses,
inner styleslenderon outer half. Phallosome,g, unusuallylarge, very strongly curved,extendedoutwardly intoa long needlelikepoint; aedeagusslender,base not convoluted,
subtendingscleritesconspiquous.

Borac6a,S5o Paulo,Brazil, luly 22,
Holotype,d, Sales6polis,
l9l7 ( Rabello,Dante and TravassosFilho). Paratopotype,Sex?
r6

242

Alexander,T r o p i c a lA m e r i c a nT i p u l i d a e( l V )In its virtually unpatternedwings the presentfly suggestsspecies
such as ShannonomyiaerubescensAlexander and S. paraguayensis
Alexander,differingfrom all regionalspeciesin the hypopygialcharacters,
especiallythe outer dististyleand gonapophyses.

16. Shannonomyia
exilostylasp. n.
C e n e r a l c o l o r a t i o n o f t h o r a x i i g h t b r o w n ; a n t e n n a eo f m a l e v e r y
l o n g , a b o u t t w o - t h i r d s t h e w i n g , f l a g e l l a r s e g m e n t se l o n g a t e - c y l i n d r i c a lwith abundant erect elongate setae, the Iongest about three times thediameterat their point of insertion;wings light brown, stigma smalt,
brown, very inconspicuous; male hypopygium with outer dististyleunusuallyshort, about one-third longer than the inner style.

M a I e.
Length about 5.5-6 mm.; wing 4.8-5 mm.;
antennaabout 3-3.6 mm. Rostrumbrownishblack, palpi black.
Antennaeof male elongate,about two-thirds the wing, darkbrown; f lagellar segmentsvery long-cylindrical,
with abundant
erect unusually long yellow setae, the verticils not clearly
differentiatedf rom the setae; longest setae about three times
the diameterof the segment.Head brownish gray.
Thoracic dorsum almost uniformly light brown, virtuallyunpatterned,pleura more yellowed. Halteres with stem pale,knob weakly darkened.Legs with coxaeand trochantersyellow,
remainderbrown. Wings ( Fig. 1I ) light brown, prearcularandcostalregionsmore saturated;stigma sntall and inccnspicuous,
brown; veins brown. Macrotrichiaon longitudinalveins beyond
generallevel of origin of Rs, lacking on certain elementsas
Rr-s-+ and proximal sectionsof M, -r, in holotypepresentbut
sparseon Rs, lacking in the paratype.Venation:Sc, ending
shortly before fork of Rs, Rz_s_+relativelylong, about threetimes the basal sectionof Rs; vein R+ long, generallyparallelwith Rr throughoutits length,cell Rs at margin very extensive,
nearly four times Rzi m-cu at or near one-thirdto midiengthof Ms-+.
Abdominaltergitesdark brown, basal sternitespaler brown.
Male hypopygium( Fig. 2l) with the outer dististyle,d, very
short,only about one-thirdlongerthan the inner style,unequallybidentateat apex,innerstylewith severalerectto slightlyretrorse
setae. Aedeagusrelatively small, only moderatelyf lattened;
gonapophyses,g, with outer spine long and slender.
Holotype, 6 , El Volcdn, Chiriqui, Panama,altitude 42OO
feet,at light, May 13, 1954 (GordonField). Paratopotype,male,
at yellow light, May 12, 1954.

Studia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembro1971

243

The chief distinguishingcharacterof the presentfly is the unusuallylong male antennaewith dense erect setae on the f lagellar segments.
The most similar single speciesis Shannonomyiadampli Alexander,ofsouthern Mexico which has the f lagellar setae even longer and more
conspicuousthan in the present fly and with the hypopygial structure
distinct. Other specieswith the antennaesomewhat the same but withstrong macrotrichia in the outer wing cells include S. myersiana
A l e x a n d e r ,o f J a m a i c a ,a n d S . o l s s o n i ( A l e x a n d e r ) ,o f P a n a m a .

17. Shannonomyialipernes sp. n.
General coloration of th,orax buff y, praescutumwith three slightly
more darkened stripes, with a capillary darker brown central line;
antennaewith setae of f lagellar segments moderately long, pale andknobs of halteresdarkened;legs yellow, tarsi and extreme
inconspicuous;
tips of tibiae light brown; wings brownish yellow, stigma small andinconspicuous;male hypopygium with aedeagus slightly compressedflattened,gonapophyseslong and slender.

Lengthabout5-5.3mm.; wing 5-6 mm.; antenna
M a I e.
'7
L e n g t ha b o u t m m . ; w i n g
a b o u t 1 . 2 - 1 . 4m m . F e m a I e .
6.5 mm. Rostrumbrown, palpi dark brown.Antennaewith scapelong-oval
and pedicelyellow,f lagellumbrown; f lagellarsegments
rvith truncated ends, setae of moderate length, pale andFront and central area of vertex light graY, theinconspicuous.
sides light brown.
Pronotumlight brown, pretergitesyellow.Mesonotumalmost
uniformly buffy brown, praescutumwith three slightly darkened
stripes,with a capillarydarkerbrown centralvitta, narrowerbut
evidenton scutumand scutellum,postnotumdustedwith gray.
Pleurabrownishyellow. Haltereslight yellovr',apicesof knobs
light yellow;
Legs with coxaeand trochantersslightlydarkened.
remainderof legs yellow,extrernetips of tibiaeand outer tarsal
segmentsIight brown. Wings brownishyellow, prearcularand
pale
costalfields clear yellow, stigma small and inconspicuous,
brown; veins light brown. Macrotrichiaon longitudinalveins
beyond generallevel of origin of Rs. Venation:Sc relatively
long, Sc, ending a short distancebefore fork of Rs; Rz close
to outer f ork of Rs, Rs strongly upcurved;m-cu f rom about
one-fourthto near midlengthof Ms-+.
Abdominal tergites brown, sternites paler, subterminal
brown. Malesegmentsdarker; hypopygiumyellowed,appendages
emarginate,hypopygium( Fig. 22) with tergite,t, conspicuously
fobes glabrous,obtuse.Outer dististyle,d, narrow, the slenderapical spine black; inner style about two-thirds to three-fourthsg, lOngand
as long as outer.Phallosome,P, with gonapophyses,
16.

244

Alexander,

TropicaAl m e r i c a nT i p u l i d a e( l V )slender;aedeagus
slightlycompressed-flattened,basalspinebroad,extendedinto a long point.
Holotype, 6 , El Volcdn, Chiriqui, Panama,altitude 4200
feet, at red light, May 20, 1954 (Gordon Field). Allotopotype,several6 6 at red and blue lights,April 13
9 . Paratopotypes,
and May 12-20, 1954.
Shannonomyialipernes is generally similar to other regional species,differing in the .generalcoloration of the body, legs and wings, antennal
length and vestiture, and in the hypopygial detiils. The most similarsuch speciesinclude S. argenticepsAlexander,S. atroapicalisAlexander,
and S. setulicornissp. n.

18. Shannonomyia
microstylasp. n.
General coloration of thorax buffy yellow, the darkened patternm o r e r e d d e n e d ;a n t e n n a ew i t h s c a p e a n d p e d i c e l l i g h t y e l l o w , f l a g e l l a r
segments long-oval, light brown with yellow bases; halteres and legs
y e l l o w ; w i n g s y e l l o w i s h w h i t e , r e s t r i c t e c l l yp a t t e r n e c lu ' i t h b r o w n , , t h e
o v a l s t i g m a d a r k e r b r o w n ; m a l e h y p o p y r i u m u ' i t h i n n e r c l i s t i s t y l ev e r yr e d u c e d ,a p p e a r i n ga s a s m a l l g l a b r o u s b l a r l e t h a t i s a b o u t o n e - f o u r t h
the length of th,e outer style.

M a I e.
Length about 6 nlllt.; u,ing 6.5 ntnl.; antenna
about 1.3 mm.
Rostrumand palpi black. Antennaeu'ith scapr.and pedicel
light yellow, f lagellarsegmentslight brou'n u,ith yellow bases,
outer segmentsmore uniformly yellowed; segnrentslong-oval,
subequalto their longestverticils.Head abovelight silvery gra!tsidesof genaeand posteriorvertex pale brown.
Thorax extensivelypale buffy yellow, praescutumwith threeslightly more reddenedstripes,humeralregion yellowed;centersof scutal lobes reddened;posterior scleritesof notum buffy
yellow,scutellumwith a vaguedarker centralline. Pleurayellow,
slightly darker above.Halterespale yellow. Legs with all coxae
and trochanterslight yellow,remainderof legs uniformlydarker
yellow.Wings yellowishwhite, prearcularand costalf ields clear
light yellow; a restricteddarkerpattern,includingthe conspicuous
oval brown stignia and paler brown seamsat origin of Rs, cordand outerend of cell I st M2; veinsyellow,brown in the patternedareas.Longitudinalveinsbeyondlevelof origin of Rs with trichia.
Venation:Sct oppositetwo-thirdsRs, Scr near its tip; Rz close
to fork of Rz-s-a,ivein RE long, deflected slightly caudad socell Rs at margin is extensive,about three times Rzi m-cu about
one-half its length beyond fork of M.

Abdomenlight brown. Male. hypopygiurh(Fig. 23) with

Studia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembrol97l

245

outer dististyle,d, unequallybifid at apex; inner style greatly
in size, appearingas an elongateblade that is virtually
reclucedrvithoutsetae,its lengthonly about one-fourththat of the outerg, slender,gentlyp, with the gonapophyses,
style. Phallosonte,
curved; aedqagus,e, a relatively broad conlpressed-flattened
narrowed,at its base withthe outer end conspicuously
L'rlade,in lengthto the gonapophyses
a very slendercurvedspinesubequal
but ntore slender.
Holotype,6 , El Volcdn, Chiriqui,Panama,altitude 4200
i e e t , A { a y l l , 1 9 5 4{ G o r d o n F i e l d ) .
I n i t s g e n e r a la p p e a r a n c et h e p r e s e n tf l y i s s i m i l a r t o S h a n n o n o m y i oo r g e n t e c e pAs l e x a n d e ra n d s o m ea l l i e d s p e c i e sb, e i n g m o s t r e a d i l ys e p a r a t e db l ; h y p o p y g i a l c h a r a c t e r se s p e c i a l l yt h e r e c l u c e di n n e r d i s t i s t y l e w h i c hl embers
i s s m a l l e rt h a n i n a n y o t h e r o f t h e p r e s e n t l yk n o w n N e o t r o p i c a mof th,e genus.

setulicornissp. n.
19. Shannonomyia
G e n e r a l c o l o r a t i o no f t h o r a x 5 ' e l l o w e cpl ,r a e s c u t t t ma n c l s c u t a l l o b e s
p a t t e r n e d w i t h l i g h t b r o w n ; a n t e n n a ew i t h s c a p e a n c l p e c l i c e ly e l l o w ,i l a g e l l u m b l a c k , t h e s e g m e n t so v a l , p r o v i d e d w i t h a b u n d a n t d e n s e e r e c t
s e t u l a e ;k n o b s o f h a l t e r e sb r o w n ; l e g s y e l l o w ; w i n g s y e l l o w i s l t b r o w n ,r e s t r i c t e d l yp a t t e r n e c lw i t h p a l e b r o w n ; m a l e h y p o p y g i u m w i t h o u t e r
dististylerelatively short and stout.

Length about 4.5 mm.; wing 5 mm.; antenna
M a I e.
about 1.8 mm. Rostrum dark brown, palpi brownish black.
.{ntennaewith scape and pedicelclear light yellow, flagellurn
black; flagellar segmentsoval, narrowedat ettds,stlrfacelvithabundanterectsetulae,the longestabout one-fourthas long as
ter of the segntentat the point ot
the verticilsor the clianre
nrorebrownishgray behind;
Head light gray anteriorly,
insertion.
anterior vertex broacl, nearly three tintes the diameter ofthe scape.
Pronotum and pretergitesyellow. Mesonotal praescutum
yellowwith threelight brown stripes,eachscutallobe extensively
gi this color,remainderof notumbrownishyellow,vaguelydusted
rvith gray.Pleurabrownishyellow.Haltereslong, stem brownish
I'ellow, the small knob dark brown. Legs with coxae andrrochantersyellow; remainderof legs slightly more brownish
yellow,apex of tibia vaguelydarker;tarsi of type broken.Wings
ycllowish brown, prearcularand costal f ields clearer yellow;
stigma pale brown; narrow paler brown seamsat origin of Rs,
cord and outerend of cell lst M2; veinslight yellow.Longitudinalveins beyond generallevel of outer end of cell /sf Mz with

246

Alexander,T r o p i c a l A m e r i c a nT i p u l i d a e( l V )macrotrichia.Venation:Sc relativelylong, Sc, ending shortly
beyond f ork of Rs, Sc, and Sc, subequal; Rz beyond fork of
Rr-r-n, slightly shorterthan Rl-z ; r-m stronglyarcuated;cell/s/ M2 small, m-cu at near two-thirdsMs_q.
Abdominaltergitesdark brown on sides,moreobscureyellow
on centralparts, sternitesyellow. Male hypopygium( Fig. 24)
with outer dististyle,d, relativelyshort and stout, the apex
unequallybidentate,axial spine stouter;inner stylg about twothirds to three-fourthsthe outer, distal half narrowed,apex
obtuse.Phallosonle,p, with aedeagusrelativelylong, nlore thanbasalhalf only slightlyexpanded,
subtending
basal spinenearlystraight; gonapophyses, g, with base dilated, more than outerh a l f a s l e n d e rs p i n e .
Holotype, 6 , El Volciin, Chiriqui, P ananta,altitude 4200
f eet, at red light, May I 3, 1954 ( Gordon Field) .
T h e o n l y o t h e r r e g i o n a l s p e c i e sw i t h s o m e w h a t c o m p a r a b l ed e n s esetulaeon the flagellar segmentsis ShannonomyinprotuberansAlexander,o f M o r e l o s .M e x i c o . T h i s d i f f e r s i n t h e l a r g e r s i z e , v i r t u a l l y u n p a t t e r n e d
w i n g s , t h e l o n g e r u n i f o r m l y d a r k e n e d a n t e n n a e ,a n d t h e l o n g e r a n dmore slender outer dististyle of the hypopygium.

20. Hexatoma(Eriocera) euryxanthasp. n.
A l l i e d t o s a g a ; m e s o n o t u n tg r a y , p r a e s c u t u mu r i t h t h r e e p o l i s h e d
black stripes; heacl with vertical tubert'le orange; halteres ancl legsb l a c k ; w i n g s c r e a m c o k r r e d ,c o n s l ' l i c u o u s liyr a' t t e r n e c'i* ' i t h c l a r k b r o w n ,i n c l u d i n g t h e p r e a r c u l a rf i e l c l , c o s t a l r e g i o n , s t i g n r a a n d w i n g t i p , w i t hs e a m so v e r c o r d a n d o u t e r e n d o f c e l l 1 . s /M , v e i n s b e h i n d R g l a b r o u s ;a b d o m e ne l o n g a t e ,b l a c k , s e g m e n t st w o t o f i v e i n c l u s i v ec h i e lfy y e l l o w ,each with about the outer third black.

M a I e.
L e n g t ha b o u t 1 5 . 5 n t n l . ; w i n g I 1 m m . ; a b d o m e n
a l o n ea
' b o u t 1 2 n r n r . ; a n t e n n aa b o u t 2 . 7 n l n l . R o s t r u ma n d p a l p ib r o w n i s hb l a c k .A n t e n n a eo f n r a l e7 - s e g r r r e n t esdc; a p eb l a c k a b o v e ,yellowed beneath, pedicel ltron'n, flasellum black; flagellars e g n t e n t lso n g - c y l i n d r i c atlh, e f i r s t e x c e e d i n st h e c o n r b i n e ds e c o n d
a n d t h i r d , t e r n r i n a ls e g m e n ta b o u t t h r e e - f o u r t h st h e p e n u l t i m a t e .
Front blackened; remainder of head above black, sparsely
pruinose,the large vertical tubercle orange, with a narrorv line
extended caudad into the occiput; tubercle appearing bilobed
to form two smaller obtuse elevations.
Prothorax light gray. Mesonotal praescutum with threepolishedblack stripes,their posteriorends dulled by brown pollenthat also involvesthe posterior interspaces,median stripe broadin f ront, laterals outcurved to the margin, humeral region andStudia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. 14, novembro l97l

247

a lateral area before suture gray pruinose; scuturn blackened
on sides and anteriorly near suture, more pruinose behind;scutellum blue graft parascutellaand mediotergiteblackened,
the latter with a basal triangular gray area.Pleura dark brown,
variegatedby patchesof light gray.Halteres black. Legs withcoxaeblack, pruinose;trochantersand remainderof legs black.
Wings f aintly creanncolored,conspicuouslypatternedwith darkbrown, including the prearcularfield, cells C and Sc, and thestigma; further narrowerbrown seamsat wing tip, cord, outereno of cell /sf Mr, and as a seam in cell M along basal halfof vein Cu; veins brown. Veins behind R glabrous.Venation:
Sc, ending oppositer-m; Rr-e-+ subequalto vein Rg; m-cu
shortly beyond the f ork of M.
Abdomen elongate; f irst segment black, succeedingfour
segmentschietlY Yellow with about the outer third of each
blackened,outer segmentsdull black.
Holotype, 6, El Volcdn, Chiriqui, Panama, altitude 4200
feet, April 8, 1954 (Gordon Field).
Hexatoma (Eriocera) eurYxanthais most similar to H. (8.) saga
Alexander,differing especiallyin the heavy darkenedwing Pattern andrnusually broad yellow rings on the intermediateabdominalsegments.

21. Atarba (lschnothrix) polyspila sp. n'
G e n e r a lc o l o r a t i o nb r o w n i s hg r a ) ' , p r a e s c u t asl t r i p e sf a i n t l y i n d i c a t e d ;nnae bicolored, proximal f ligeiiar segments brownish black witlt
ow apices; legs yellow, fore f-emora*ittr a pale brown subterminal
brown on the veins
I; wings yelloi, iestriciedly patternedwith darkwith abundantpale brown spots in cells behindSc, vein RB erect'

Lengthabout 7 mm.; wing 7.8 mm.; antenna
F e m a I e.
t 2.3 mm. Rostrumbrownishyellow, first segmentof palpus
nish yellow, remainderblack. Antennaewith scape' pedicel
f irst segment of f lagellum yellow, succeedingsegments
red, brownish black, apex narrowly yellow, the amountthe latter decreasingon outer segments.Head brownish graY,
x with a narrow dark brown centralline.
Thoracic dorsum almost uniformly dull brown, light graywith four faintly indicatedpalebrown stripes,
inose,praescutumters of scutal lobes similarly darkened;setae of praescutal
pacesvery long, erect.Pleura light graY,vaguelypatterned
iigtrt brown. Haltereswith stem yellow, knob pale brown.
with coxae and trochantersyellow, fore coxae slightly
darkened; remainder of legs yellow, fore femora with

248

Alexander,T r o p i c a rA m e r i c a nT i p u r i d a e( l v )indicationsof a pale brown subterminalring; outer tarsalsegmentsslightly infuscated.Wings ( Fig. 25) with ground yellow, costal
border clear light yellow; narrow dark brown-seamsat originof Rs, cord, outer end of cell 1sl Mr, stigma, and vein Rr,
togetherwith marginal darkeningsat ends of all longitudinalveins exceptingSc,' abundantvery pale brorvn spots in all cells
behindSc and R,, someof the markingsconfluent;veinsyellorv,
brown in the heavily patternedareas. Macrotrichiaon Rs andthe longitudinalveinsbeyondcord, includingalso the outer ends
of basalsectionof Cu, and 2nd A. Venation:sc, endingshorly
beyond one-third the length of Rs, sc, shorily removed; vein
Rs erect; m-cu at or just before the fork of M.
Abdominaltergitesyellowedbasallyand on sides,posteriorborders slightly more clarkened,sternitesand outer segments
light yellow. ovipositor with cerci srender,dark brown, slightly
upcurved;basal plate with very long setae.
Holotype, g , Borac6a, SIo paulo, Brazil,
July 24, tg42
( Rabello,Dante and TravassosFilho) .
The most similar speciesis Atarba (lschnothrix)berthaeA l e x a n d e r ,likewisefrom Southeastern
Brazil,which tlifferseviclentlvin the c o l o r a t i o nof the legs and wings.

22. Elephantomyia(Etephantomyia)laticincta sp. n.
_ _ Size large (wing 8 ,rlrl. or more); rostrum subequalin length tolody or wing; mesonotalpraescutumobscure yellow with a central
darkened stripe, pleura yellow with a transverse brown girdle on
mesopleura,
includingalso the middle coxae;femorayellow,tipJnarrowly
preceded
black,
by a subequalclearer yellow ringj-Sc,tarsi clear yellow;
wings strongly suffusedwith brown, ceils C andwith, the rtigru,
more conspicuouslyso; abdomen of male yellowed, segmentssix toeight dark brown to f orm a broad ring; male hypopy[ium with the
gonapophysis
a nearly straight flattenedhorn that narrows to a slender
straight spine.

M a I e.
Length,excludingrostrum,about 8-g mm.; wing
8-8.5 mm.; rostrum alone 8.5-g mm. F e m a I e.
Length,excludingrostrum,about l0- I I mm.; wing 8- 10 mm.; rostrum
alone l0- 10.5 mm. Rostrum light to darker brown, elongate,
subequalto body or wing. Antennaebrown. Head light brown;
anter'iorvertex narrow, especiallyin male, much less than the
diameterof scape.
Pronotum yellow, narrowly brown medially. Mesonotum
obscureyellow with a centralbrown stripe that narrows behind,becoming obsoletebefore suture; posterior sclerites of notum

Studia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembro lg7l

249

brownishyellorvto darker brown. Pleura.yellowwith a narrowtransversebrown girdle on mesopleura, extendingf rom dorsopleural region to the middle coxae. Halteres weakly darkened,base of stem yellow. Legs with coxae yellow except as
described,trochantersyellow; femora yellowed, tips narrowly
but conspicuou.sly
black, precededby a subequal or slightly
broadercleareryellow ring; tibiae bror.vnish
yellow, tarsi clearer
yellow; spurs on middle and hind tibiae, lacking on fore pair.
Wings ( Fig. 26) strongly suffusedwith brown, cells C ancl Sc
more evidently So, stigma darker brown; very narrow brorvn
seamsover cord and outer end of cell /s/ Mr, wing tip slightly
more darkened;veinsbrown.Venation:Sc1 endingnearlyopposite
fork of the short Rs, branchesof the latter parallel to one
anotherthroughout,cell Rz at margin about two and one-halftimes cell Rsi m-cu subequalto distal sectionof Cur, ?t near
midlengthof cell Ist M2; cell 2nd A broaderthan in luteiannulato.
Some specimensthat are assignedto the presentspecieshave
Rs slightly longer and may representa further species.
Abdomenof male with tergitesyellowed,with a narrowbrown
centralline, segmentssix to eight inclusivedark brown to f orm
a broad ring, hypopygium light yellow. In female, abdominal
tergites yellow, the central darkened stripe more continuous,
sterniteswith lateraland centraldarkenitrgs,
the latter extensively
brokento form isolatedspotsat posteriorborder,somewhatmore€xtensivein the paratypes.Male hypopygium ( Fig. 27) rvith
tergal border, t, with two small lobes separatedby a shallow
V-shapedemargination.
Outer dististyle,d, slightly shortc,rthan
the inner style, apex unequallybidentate,axial point stouter.
Phallosome,p, with each gonapophysis
a nearlystraightflattened
horn,broadat base,narrowedto a slenderstraightspine:aedeagus
with penefilum very long and slender.

Holotype,6, El Volcdn, Chiriqui, Panama,altitude 4200
feet, at light, April 4, 1954 (Gordon Field). Allotopotype,9 ,pinnedwith type. Paratopotypes,
May 30, 1954.
6 9, April 2
The colorationof the legs, especiallythe femoral pattern, is much
Gr in Elephantomyia (Elephantomyia')luteiannulata Alexander which
dffers evidently in size, venation, and general coloration, including
lbe thoracic pleura.

zfr

Alexander,T r o p i c a lA m e r i c a nT i p u l i d a e( l V )23. Elephantomyia(Elephantomyia)multizona sp. n.
Size small (wing of male less than 5 mm.); rostrum slightly longer
than the wing; mesonotumand pleura yellow, praescutum,scutellum
dark
and mediotergiteextensivelypale brown, pleura with mesepisternum
girdle; legs brown; wings pale brown,
brown to foim a conspicuous
stigma elongate,darker brown; veins beyond go.rd with macrotrichia;
dimidiate,basal half brown,
tergitesconspicuously
intirmediate-abdominal
apicesyellow, segmenteight dark brown to producea conspicuous.ring;
a gently sinuousnarrow blade
male hipopygiumwith eaih gonapophysisthat narrowsto a nearly acute point, penefilumlong and conspicuous.

Length,excludingrostrum,about 5.5 mm.; wing
M a I e.
4.7 mm.; rostrum about 5 mm. Rostrum nearly as long asremainderof body, brown. Antennaewith scapeand pedicellightbrown; f lagellumbroken. Head light gray, posteriorvertex andocciput pale brovvn;anterior vertex narrow, about one-half thedianreterof scape.
Cervicalregiondark brown, pronotumyellow,slightly darker
with a pale brown
medially.Mesonotumlight yellow,praescutum
central stripe, scutellumand mediotergitelight brown. Pleura
dark brown except posteriorly,f orming
yellow, mesepisternum
a broad transversegirdle. Halteresyellow, knob dark brown.
light yellow,remainderof legs
Legs with coxaeand trochantersbrown, includingthe tarsi. Wings pale brown, stigma elongate,
darker brown; veins brown. Longitudinalveins beyond cord,
including Rs, with macrotrichia.Venation:Sc, ending about
oppositefour-fif ths Rs, branchesof the latter gently divergent'cell Rz at margin slightly more extensivethan cell R+i m-cu
shortly before midlengthof Mz-+, longer than the distal sectionof Cut.
Abdomenwith proximal tergitesyellowed,weakly darkened
bicolored,basal half
medially,tergitesthreeto six conspicuously
brown, apex yellow; tergite sevenbrown with lateral borders
narrowlyyellow,segmenteightdark brown to form a conspicuous
ring; sternitesand hypopygiumyellowed.Male hypopygium( Fig.
28) with outer dististyle,d, short, broad-based,apex unequallyg, a gently
bispinous,axial spine stouter,curved.Gonapophysis,
sinuousnarrow blade, outer end narrowedto a nearly acutepoint; penefilumlong and conspicuous.
Holotype,6, camp Pina, Panama,April 29, 1954 (Field).
There are various other generally similar regional species,the mostsimilar being Etephantomyia (Etephantomyia) cin.ctiventris Alexander,
which differs in hypopygial structure, especially the gonapophlgg-s'. E'(8.) scimitar sp. n.; ttiJ ttte hypopygium generally the same, differing
in details, including the outer dististyle.

Studia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembro1971

251

24. Elephantomyia(Elephantomyia)orthorhabdasp. n.
Size relativelylarge (wing of male 9.5 mm.); mesonotumyellowed,
pronotum and praescutumdarkened medially, pleura uniformly yellow;
wings very faintly tinged with brown, stigma pale brown; abdomenyellowed, tergites with a narrow central brown stripe, segment eight
uniformly dark brown to form a narrow ring; male hypopygiumwith
base of gonapophysisoval, narrorv€d outwardly into a straight spine,
its tip a recurved pale filament.

M a I e.
Length,excludingrostrum,about9.5 mm.; wing
9.5 mm.; rostrum about 8 mm. Rostrumdark brown, slightly
shorter than remainderof body. Antennaewith proximal threesegmentslight brown, remainderdarker brown, elongate,withlong verticils.Head brownishyellow, anterior vertex narrower
than diameterof scape,gray pruinose.
Pronotumyellow, with a narrow dark brown centralstripe.
with a centralbrown
llesonotumyellowedlaterally,praescutum$ripe, darkeston anteriorthird; scutellumand central part ofpale brown, parascutella
yellowed.Pleurauniformly
mediotergite
tellow. Haltereswith stem yellow,knob brown. Legs with coxae
ild trochantersyellow; remainderof legs broken. Wings verylaintly tinged with brown, prearcular and costal f ields more
lowed, stigma long, pale brown; veins brown. Macrotrichia
o longitudinalveins beyondgenerallevel of origin of Rs, present
outer half of 2nd A, lacking on 1sf A. Venation:Sc relativelyg, Scr ending about oppositer-ffi, Scr near its tip; branches
Rs generallyparallel to one another,slightly more approxited on outer third; : m-cu shortly before midlengthof Ms-+.

Abdominaltergitesyellowed,with a narrow brown virtually
inuous central stripe, posteriorbordersof -tergitessix anddarkened,segmenteight uniformly dark brown, sternites

hypopygiumyellow. Male hypopygium(Fig. 29) with bothtyles, d, nearly equal in length, outer style slender,apexp, with baseof eachgonapophysis
ally bidentate.Phallosome,

palef ilament;
into a straightspine,its tip a recurved
narrowed
gus with base narrow, penefilumlong and coiled.
Holotype, 6 , El Volcdn, Chirigui, Panama,altitude 4200
April 6, lg54 (Gordon Field).
Other generally similar regional species include Elephantomyia
omyia) laticincta sp. n. and E. (E.) scimitar sp. n., whichcspecially in coloration of the body and in details of the maleium, particularly the phallosome.

252

Alexander,T r o p i c a lA m e r i c a nT i p u l i d a e( l V )25. Elephantomyia(Elephantomyia)scfunitarsp. n.
Size medium (wing to 7.5 mm.); rostrum of male subequal inlength to remainder of body; thoracic pleura yellow, mesepisternum
conspicuouslybrownish black not involving the mid-coxae; legs withfemora ligh,t brown, apices narrowly darker brown, preceded by aninconspicuousyellow ring; wings faintly infuscated,stigma pale brown;
abdominal tergites light brown, eighth segment darker brown to form
a narrow ring; male hypopygium with each gonapophysislong andslender,narrowed gradually to the obtuse tip; aeadeaguswith penefilumvery long and slender.

M a I e.
Length,excludingrostrum,about5-6 mm.; wing
5.3-7.5mm.;rostrumabout4,5-5.5mm.Female.
about 7.5-8 mm.; wing 6.5-7 mm.; rostrum about 5.5-6 mm.
Rostrumdark brown, subequalto body. Antennae1S-segmented,
brown; fusion segmentof flagellum oval, succeedingsegments
long-oval,verticils very long. Head light gray; anterior vertex
very narrolv.
Prothorax yellow, darkened medially above. Mesonotum
brownishyellow, praescutumwith a central darkening,darkest
at extreme cephalic border, pale behind. Pleura yellow,
conspicuously
patternedwith polished dark brown black, thisinvolving the mesopleuralanepisternumexcept posteriorly,not
Haltereswith stemyellow,clearerbasally,
includingthe mid-coxae.
knob weakly darkened.Legs with all coxae and trochanters
yellow; femoralight brown,tips narrowlydarkerbrown,preceded
moreyellowedring; tibiaelight brorvn,
by a broaderinconspicuous
tarsi paler.Wings f aintly infuscated,costalborder scarcelymore
darkened;stigmalong-oval,palebrown;veinsbrown.Longitudinalveinsbeyondcord with macrotrichia.
Venation:Sct endingsome
distancebefore fork of Rs,' m-cu at or before midlengthof
Ms-Ei cell 2nd A broaderthan in luteiannulata.
Abdominaltergiteslight brown,sternitespaler;eighthsegment
darker brown to form a narrow ring. Male hypopygium( Fig.
30) with long and delicatesetaeon mesalf ace of basistyle,b.
bidentate
Outer dististyle,d, shorterthan the inner,conspicuously
at apex, axial spine strongly curved. Phallosome,P, with
gonapophysis
beyond base long and slender,narrowed to theobtusepale membranous
apex; aedeagusnarrow, penefilumvery
long and slender,coiled.
Holotype, 6 , El Volcdn, Chiriqui, Panama,altitude 42C[
feet, at light, May I l, 1954 (Gordon Field). Allotopotype,I ,pinnedwith type. Paratopotypes,
6 I , April 4 - May 30, 1954.

Studia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. 7-4, novembro 1971

253

In the coloration of the thoracic pleura and femora the present'Elephantomyia(Elephantomyia) laticincta
fly suggests species such as
sp. n. and E. (8.) luteiannulataAlexander,differing in the pattern of
the thoracicpleura, femora,wings, and abdomen,as well as in hypopygial
details, especiallythe phallosome.

Eriopterini

26. Eugnophomyiaincurvata sp. n.
Size large (wing of male I mm.); body and appendagesblack;wings with abundant trichia in outer cells; male hypopygium with
dististyle bifid; phallosomewith aedeagusslender,bent at outer fourth,
apophyses appearing as flattened blades, their apices incurved anddecussateat the midline.

M a I e.
Length about 8.5 mm.; wing 9 mnr.; antenna
about2.2 mm. Body and appendiges
dull black,the dorsopleuralmenrbraneslightly paler, brown. Antennaewith proximal f ive
or six flagellar segnrentswith dense erect light setae,shorter
than the sparse verticils, outer segmentselongate,subequal totheir longest verticils.

Wings ( Fig. 3l ) with abundanttrichia in stigmal reglon
and in the cells beyondgenerallevel of outer end of cell I st M2,

muchsparserin outerendsof cellsCu and Ist A (in figure theirposition indicated by stippling). Wings strongly blackened,
especiallythe stigmaand prearcularand costalfields.Venation:
R2 immediatelybefore radial f ork, subequalto Rz- s- 4.
Male hypopygium( Fig. 36) with apical lobe of basistyle,b, long, narrowed to the obtuse tip, the lllargins with longconspicuous
setae.Dististyle,d, bilobed,the longerbladecultrate,outer surfaceof style with conspicuous
long setae.Phallosonle,
appearingas flattenedblades,outwardly
P, with gonapophyses
narrowedinto slenderpoints that are incurved,decussateacrossthe midline;aedeaguselongate,outer fourth graduallynarrowed
and bent at a right angle.
Holotype, 6, S. Cabeceiras,
m'boy Guassu Campos,S5o
Paulo, Brazil, December18, 1940 ( D ' A m i c o ) .
The presentfly is generallysimilar to ott., regionalblack large-sized
species,all differing among themselveschiefly in hypopygial structure.
Such further speciesincludeespeciallyEugnophomyiaf unebris (Alexander),E. luneyea (Alexander), E. melancholica(Alexander) and E. pammelas(Alexander)

254

Alexander,T r o p i c a lA m e r i c a nT i p u l i d a e( l V )pallidistigmasp. n.
27. Trentepohlia(Paramongoma)
Size relatively large (wing about 5.5 mm. or more); generalcoloration of thorax brownish yellow to yellow, praescutumin caseswith a central darkenedstripe; legs pale brownishyellow; wings faintly
tinged with brown, prearcularand costal fields more yellowed,stigma
pale, partially obliteratingthe includedveins; veins Rr-s-u and Rs-*
subequal,veins Rs and R4 strongly divergent,cell Rz at margin about
two-thirds to three-fourthscell Rs; male hypopygiumwith a flattened
dusky blade near proximal end of basistyle.

Length about 5-5.5 mm.; wing 5.5-6 mm.
M a I e.
F e m a I e.
Length about 6-6.5 mm.; wing 6-6.2 mm. Rostrum
obscure yellow, palpi brownish black. Antennae with scapeyellowed, remainder black; flagellar segmentslong-oval, with
abundant short white setulae and sparse black verticils. Headyellow to brownishgray; anteriorvertexreducedto a capillaryline.
Mesonotumbrownish yellow to clearer yellow, praescutum
betterdefinedvaguelymore darkenedmedially,in somespecimens
and widened posteriorly.Pleura clear yellow. Halteresobscureyellow, in some specimens
with the knob more darkened.Legs
yellow; remainderof legspale brownish
with coxaeand trochanters
yellow. Wings ( Fig. 32) faintly tinged with brown, prearcularand costal fields more yellowed;stigma pale, the includedveinspartially obliterated;remainingveins light brown, those of outer
medial field paler. Venation: Rz-s-, and Rs-. subequal,veinsRs and Rr strongly divergent,Rs oblique, cell Rz at marginabout two-thirds to three-fourthscell Rsi m-cu at or close tofork of M; cell Znd A relativelynarrow.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, sternites more yellowed,
especiallythe more proximal ones,hypopygiumyellowishbrown.
Ovipositorwith cerci long and very slender,very gently upcurved
posteriorat outer end. Male hypopygiumwith tergile subquadrate,
border with a narrow U-shapedemargination,the broad laterallobes obliquely truncated,their extreme outer angles narrowly
obtuse.Basistylewith a flatteneddusky lobe or blade at proximal
end of upper f ace, this directed dorsad. Dististyle with beaklong and straight,tip obtuse,lower beak short, very obtuse.
Holotype, 6 , El Volc6n, Chiriqui, Panama, altitude 42OO
feet, at light, April 20, lg54 (Gordon Field). Allotype, 9, Cerro
Punta,Chiriqui,altitude6200 feet, April 19, 1954.Paratopotypes,

d 9 , with holotype;paratypes,6 6, with allotype.

Studia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembro l97l

255

The most similar regional species include Trentepohlia (Paramongona) llavella Alexander and T. (P.) Iongifusa (Alexander) whichhave the venation much the same. Th€ body coloration and especially
the wings appear to separatethe fly from longifusawhich was describedfrom eastern Brazil and which seems to be known only from the typematerial.

GymnaetesBrunetti
G y m n a s t e sB r u n e t t i ; R e c o r d so f t h e I n d i a n M u s e u m , 6 : 2 8 1 ; l 9 l l . T y p e :cyaneus(Edwards), as violaceaBrunetti (Oriental).
S u b g e n u s P a r a g y m n a s t e sA l e x a n d e;r P r o c . L i n n . S o c . N e w S o u t h W a l e s , 1 7: 5 8 3;
1922. Type:l a s c i p e n n i s ( T h o m s o n) ( A u s t r a l a s i a )n.

A single species,perexquisifusAlexander,has been known
f rom the New World. This had been assignedto the above
genus and subgenusbut upon further study is consideredto
representa new subgenusthat is describedat this time.
Subgenus Neogymnastesnew

Characters generally as in the two previously definedsubgenera,diff ering in venationaland hypopygialfeatures.
Wings (Fig. 33) with the radial field distinctive,there beingf o u r r a d i a l b r a n c h e sw
, i t h e l e m e n t sR r , R r - r - n a n d R s i n n e a r l ytransversealignment; Sc long, Sc, ending oppositefork of Rs.
Medial field virtuallyas in the typical subgenus.Legs and various
wing veins with flattenedscales,additionalto the normal setae.
Male hypopygium ( Fig. 37) with basistyle,b, on mesal facewith a group of four or five strong spinoid setae. Dististyles,d, terminal in position, outer style unequallybifid, the lower
arm a flattenedblade, upper arm extendedinto a lobe that istipped with a brush of unusuallylong setae;inner style a narrowswordlikeblade, thesedecussateacrossthe midline. Phallosome,p, a broad depressed-f
lattenedplate, apex convexlyrounded.
Type. - Gymnastes( Neogymnastes
Alexander.
) perexquisitus
Neotropical: SoutheasternBrazil ( Minas Geraes, 56o Paulo,
SantaCatharina).
The present fly is th€ only representativein the New World, theothers being Palaeotropical,chiefly Oriental and Australasian,withfewer species in the Ethiopian and southern parts of the eastern
Palaearcticregions.The methodby which the number of radial branchesof the wing has been reduced f rom the generallizedfour to three intypical Gymnasteshas been consideredin the Alexander 1922 reference
above cited. The venation of the three subgeneranow known is shownfor comparisonwith the present fly (Figs. 33, 34, 35).

256

Alexander,T r o p i c a lA m e r i c a nT i p u l i d a e( l V )28. Teucholabis(Teucholabis)noctula sp. n.
Generalcolorationof body brownish black; femora obscureyellow,
tips black; wings very weakly darkened,stigma small, subcircular,palebrown, Sr' ending about opposite midlength of Rs, cell Mz open byatrophy of basal section of vein M si male hypopygiumwith basistyleunarmed;outer dististylea simple rod, the outer fourth narrowed intoa spine; aedeagusterminatingin a slendercurved spine, lower surface
rvith about ten long setae.

M a I e.
Length about 5.5 nlm.; wing 4 mm. Rostrum
black, relatively long, slightly exceeding three-fourths therenlainclerof head; palpi black. Antennaerelativelyshort, black;proxirnalf lagellarsegnlentsvery short:ovalto subglobular,outersegnrentsslightly longer. Head brorvnishblack.
Thorax alrnostunifornlly brownish black. Halteresbrownish
black. Legs with coxae brownish black, trochantersyellowish
brorvn; femora obscureyellow, tips graduallyand rather broadly
on midleg includingabout the outer fourth, hind legs
blackened,
the outer sixth; tibiae brown, tips and the tarsi black; posterior
tibiae nlore brownish yellow, posterior basitarsi slightly dilatecl
on proximal fourth (fore legs broken). Wings very weakly
darkened,prearcular and costal f ields slightly more whitened;
stigma small, subcircular,pade brown; veins brown. Rs andlongitudinal veins beyond cord with abundant macrotrichia.
Venation:Sc relativelylong, Sc, ending about oppositemidlengtlt
of Rs, Sc, retracted;R2 slightlylongerthan Rrl-B-4tRr-r shorter;
branchesof Rs only weakly divergent,cellsRr and R+ at marginsubequalin extent; cell Mz open by atrophy of basal sectionof Mz; m-cu two-thirds its length beyond fork of M.
Abdomen black. Sternal pocket of segment f ive small,comprisedof relativelyfew setae,none modified.Male hypopygium(Fig. 40) with basistyle,b, lacking a spine. Outer dististyle,d,a simple rod, very slightly expanded at near midlength, theouter fourth narrowed into a slender spineI inner style curved,
outer end slightly expanded,terminating in a short point, atnear one-third the length on the lower or concave part witha small cylindrical lobe that is tipped with few setae.Aedeagus,o, terminating in a slender curved spine, the lower surface ofbody with about ten long setae.
Holotype, 6 , New Taboga Village, Panaffia,DecemberI 1,

1953 (GordonField).

Studia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembro l97l

257

Rather numerousregional speciesof the genus have cell M", ofthe wings open as in the present, all differing in body colorition
and in details of hypopygialstructure.In the latter respectthe species
is similar to Teucholabis(Teucholabis)jocosa Alexanderwhich has the
body colorationdifferent and with cell /sf M,> of th,e wings present.

29. Teucholabis(Teuchotabis)subclarasp. n.
Belongs to the melanocephalagroup; thorax conspicuouslypatternedwith polishedblack and yellow, pleura with light silvery areas; knobsof halteres black; femora yellow with two darkened rings, the inner
one broader,wings subhyalineto very weakly tinted, extremetip darkened,
stigrna darker brown; abdomen dark brown, patterned with, yellow; malehypopygium with basistyle produced into a spine that is bent at ar i g h t a n g l e ; o u t e r d i s t i s t y l ea s i m p l e r o d , i n n e r s t y l e b i l o b e d , o n e a r m
g l a b r o u s ,p o i n t e d ; a e d e a g u sw i t h a p e x p r o d u c e d i n t o a v e r y s n r a l l p o i n t .

M a I e.
Length about l0 mm.; wing 8.2 nlnr. Rostrunr
brownishyellow,palpi dark brown. Antennaeclarkbroll,n;outcr
flagellarsegnrentslong-oval.Heaclbrorvn.
Pronotalscutumorangeyellow,blackened
anteriorly,scutellunr
blackenedon sides. Mesonotalpraescutumwith anterior half
chiefiy polished yellorv, especiallythe hunreral area, mediallywith a chestnutbrorvnstripe,sidesdarker,beforesutureexpancled
into a nrajor black areathat inchidesthe margin,posteriorborcier
broadly yello"v,slightly nrorc brort'nishsublaterally;posteriorscleriteslight ycllovr',each scutal loltc with a single polished
black stripe that reachesthe suture ancl latcral burcler, nrcdianareabroadlyof the ground;rnediotergite
light yellow'or1cephalichalf, brownish black behind, pler-rrotergite
brow'nishblack, tlicinterpostnotalsuture yellowed. Pleura with a lltajor brorvnislr
blackareaon anepisternum,
ventralsternopleurite
nlorecastaneous,the broad intermediateregion Iight silvery, disconnected
f ronta smaller sirnilar area on meron. Haltereswith stem yellow,
knob black.Legs with all coxaeand trochanters
yellowed;fernora
yellow, each r,vith trvo darkened rings, the inner one broader
and paler, especiallyon posteriorlegs, basesof f emora weakly
darkened;tibiae yellorv,base and tip narrowly darkened;tarsi
obscure yellow, outer three segmentsdark brown; posterior
basitarsiwith an elongatemodified sensorypocket at proximal
end. Wings subhyalineto very weakly tinted with yellow, eXtreme
tip darkened;stigma suboval,darker brown; veins brown, costal
field more yellowed,cord ciarker.V-enation:Sc, ending about
oppositeone-thirdRs,'Rz about twice Rt-zi cell lst M2 relatively
small, shorterthan vein M 4.
l7

258

Alexander,

TropicaAl m e r i c a nT i p u l i d a e( l V )Abdonren dark brown, outer segments and sternites
conspicuously
patternedwith yellow, especiallyat and near theincisures,hypopygiumdark brown. Sternal pocket on segment
f ive a compact shield-shapedarea, posterior end narrowed,
anteriorhalf broadly obtuse,without major setae,posteriorpart
with about a dozen strong setae on either side, these directed
mesad,their tips caudad; sternitesix with from f ive to sevenmodified setae on either side of a broad central space,outer
onesstouter,directedmesadand slightlycaudad.Male hypopygium( Fig. 4l) with outer end qf basistyle,b, long-produced,apex
obtuse,lobe at its base beyondmidlengthbent at a right angle
into a strong spine, the inner margin of latter with abundant
yellow setae; margin of mesal flange with about five shorttriangular points and severalstrong setae. Outer dististyle,d,a simple rod that ends oppositeapex of basistyle,terminating
in a glabrouspoint; inner style conspicuously
bilobed apically,
one arm with setae,the other plabrous,pointed.Aedeagus,o,relativelystout, apex producedinto a very small point; ventral
surfacebeforeapex with about 20 long strong setaedistributedin two groups.
Holotype,6, El Volcdn,Chiriqui, Panama,altitude 42W
feet, May 30, 1954 ( Cordon Field) .
Other generally similar regional species include Teucholabis(Teucholabis) atrolata Alexander, T. (f.) homilacanthaAlexander. T.
( T . ) m e l a n o c e p h a l a( F a b r i c i u s ) , T . ( f . ) p e r a n g u s t a A l e x a n d e r , a n dsome others, all most readily separatedamong themselvesby hypopygial
structure and the conformationsof the sternal pockets of the abdomen.

30. Gonomyia(Progonomyia)nigroluteasp. n.
H e a d l i g h t g r a y : t h o r a x b l a c k , s t r i k i n g l y p a t t e r n e dw i t h l i g h t y e l l o w ;l e . g sb l a c k ; w i n g s b r o w n , s t i g m a s t i g h t l y d a r k e r , S . , e n d i n g o p p o s i t e
midlength of Rs,' abdomen black, the pleural membrane light yellow.

F e m a I e.
Length about 8 mltt.; rving 6 nlm. Rostrum
and palpi black. Antennae black throughout. Head clear lightgray, clear light yellow surroundingthe antennal bases.
Pronotal scutum black, yellow laterally, scutellum anddorsopleuralregion light yellow. Mesonotumdark gra!, praescutumwith three more blackenedstripes, humeral region and laterally
before suture with,subequal yellow areas, pseudosuturalfoveae
polishedblack; scutallobesalmost'uniformlyblackened,posteriorly
with a small yellow spot; posterior sclerites of notum black,

with, abase of scutellumslightly more reddened,pleurotergite

Studia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. l-4, novenlbro l97l

259

conspicuousoval yellow area. Pleura black, sparsely pruinose,with a broad yellow longitudinalstripe that includesthe dorsal
sternopleurite,ventral pteropleurite and metapleura. Halteresyellow, knob slightly darker. Legs black throughout.Wings (Fig38) light brown, stigma short-oval,slightly darker brown; veinsdark brown. Venation:Sc long, Sct ending oppositemidlengthof Rs, Sc, removed,Sc1 slightly longer than Rz-s-+i Rz at orjust before fork of R z-s-qi cell 2nd Mz longer than its petiole;m-cu at or close to fork of M.
light yellow.
Abdomenblack,pleuralmembraneconspicuously
Ovipositorwith cerci slender,upcurvedto the acute tips.

Holotype,g , Juquia,S5o Paulo,Brazil, altitude300 nteters,
February22, I 941 ( Lauro TravassosFilho) .
Somewhatsimilar regional speciesinclude Gonomyio (Progonomyia\
destricta Alexander and G. (P.) dolorosa Alexander, separated fromthe present f ly by the bocly coloration.

3 t . Gonomyia (Lipophleps) anduzeanaacestra subsp. n.
Length about 3.5-4 mm.; wing 3.3-3.9 mmM a I e.
R o s t r u n rl i g h t b r o w n , p a l p i a n d a n t e n n a eb r o w n i s hb l a c k . H e a dlight brou'n.
Prr-rnotulnand pretcrgiteswhitened. Alesonotalpraescutunr
and scutal lobe'sclark brt-lwn,central region of scutum ancl thes c u t e l l u mo b s c u r e b r o w n i s h y e l l o u , , t h e l a t t e r c l a r k e r l r a s a l l y ;rlltscurc'
postnotumlight brorvn,anterolatcralparts tlf rrtediotergite
y e l l o w . P l e u r a b r o w n , w i t h a b r o a d u ' h i t e n e dv e n t r a l s t r i p e Halteresrvith stent obscureyellow, knob pale brown. Le.gsrvithc o x a e a n d t r o c h a n t e r sb r o w n i s hy e l l o w , r e m a i n d e ro f l e g s l i g h t
brown. Wings tinged with brown, prearcularand costal fields
stignranot or scarcelyindicated;veinspale brown,
ntoreyellorvecl,
V e n a t i o n :S c , e n c l i n go p p o s i t eo r i g i n o f R s , S c 2 s l i g h t l yr e m o v e d ;fork of M.
m-cu a short distancc'l'reyttrrcl
Abdonrenbrown, hypnpygiurnslightly rnoreyellowishbrown.
Nlale hypopygiunrgenerally as in typical onduzeona,differing
i n c l e t a i l sD
. i s t i s t y l ew i t h i n n e r a n l l b c a r i n gt h e f a s c i c t r l a tsce t a ert,ith apex producedlateraclinto a stout point. Phallosonlewitht h e b l a c k e n e ds p i n e v e r y s l e n d e ' rn , i t h t r n l y t h e b a s e s t o t t t e r .
Hcrlotype,d , EI Valle, Pananra,altitucle2000 feet, Decerttber
2 3 , 1 9 5 3 ( G o r c l o nF i e l d ) . P a r a t o p o t y p e sd,6 , w i t h t h e t y p e ,D e c e r n b e2r 2 - 2 3 , 1 9 5 3 ; p a r a t y p e ,6 , C a r n p B u t l e r , C a n a l Z t t n e ,P a na m a , J a n u a r y2 0 , 1 9 5 4 ( G o r d o n F i e l d ) .
l7i

260

Alexander,T r o p i c a l A m e r i c a nT i p u l i d a e( l V )The general features of the male hypopygiumare much as infrom San Esteban,
described
Gonomyia (Lipaphleps) anduzeanaAlexander,) but diff ering
Venezuela(Jour. New York Ent. Soc.,49z l4l-142; 1941
in details of structure.

32. Erioptera (Mesocyphona)incuruatasp. n'
Allied to whitei, differing in hypopygialstructure.
Length about 2 mm.; wing 2.2 mm. Rostrum,
M a I e.
palpi and antennaeblack. Head dark brown.
Prothorax brownish black, mesothoraxpaler, dark brown,
scarcelypatternedexcept for obscureyellow longitudinalpleuralstripes, the ventral one passing below the light yellow halteres.
Legs with coxaeand trochantersbrown; remainderof legs broken,
Wings (Fig.39) weakly intuscated,veins and trichia darker
brown. Venation: Rr-s-E about one-half longer than the basal
sectionof Rs; m-cu somedistancebefore fork of M; vein 2nd A
nearly straight, the cell narrow.
Abdomen dark brown, hypopygium slightly darker. Male
hypopygium (Fig. 42) generallyas in whitei. Outer dististyle'd, branched at near two-thirds the length, the arms slender,
especiallythe outer blackenedspine, its tip acute,with a slightelevationat near micllengthof lower margin, axial arm narrower
than in whitei. Phallosome,p, including strong spikelikeouterapophyses,the tips microscopicallyspiculose;inner phallosome
including strong incurved spines that are decussateabove thebif urcate aedeagus.

Holotype,6 , Gatun, canal zone, Panama,october 17,

1954 (Gordon Field)
The closest relative is Erioptera (Mesocyphona)whitei Alexander,of Cuatemala,a slightly larger ity with th€ hypopygial.strugqre quitedistinct, as ,iro*n for compirison with the present species (Fig' 43)'

26r

Studia Ent., vol. 14, fasc. l-4, novembro l97l

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Fig. . 2. Li ntoni a
Fig . l . T i p u ta (Mtcro ti p u l a ) o hstinata sp. n. : hypopygium._ Fig. 3. Limonia ( Dicr anomyia) s ubm ul s a(Ca e n o l l m o n i a )d i sta n ti a sp . n .; venation. s p . n . ; v e n a t i o n .- F i g . 4 . L i m o n i a ( G e r a n o m r i a ) a n e u r a s p . n . ; v e n q t i o n .-_ _ F i g . 9 .
Fig. _6. Limoniq
L i m o n i a ( C a e n o g l o c h i n a )l o t a x s p . n . ; m a l e h y p o p y g i u m .
Fig. 7. Lim onia ( D i c r onom y i a)
(Ca e n o t i m i t n i a ) d i sta n ti a sp . n .; m ale hypopygium.
Fig. 8. Limonia ( Dicr anom yia) s ubm ul s ab ru n n e i s t i g m asp . n .; ma l e h yp o pygium .
( E x p l a n a t i o n o f s y m b o l s : a , a e d e a g u s ;b . , b a s i s t y l e ;s'p . n . ; m a l e h y p o p y g i u m .
d , d i s t i s t y l e ; g , g o n a p o p h y s i s ;P t , p r o c t i g e r ; s , s t e r n i t e ; f , t e r g i t e ) .

262Alexander,T r o p i c a lA m e r i c a nT i p u l i d a e( l V )

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Fig.9. Hetius (Hellus) quadrivena sp. n.; venation. - Fig. 10. Orimarga (Diotrepha)setosivena sp. n.; venation, paratype.
Fig. I l. Orimarga (Diotrepha) setosivena
sp. n.; venation, holotype.
Fig. 12. Orimarga (Orimarga) transversalis sp. n. ;venation.
Fig. 13. Limonia (Geranomyia) ane{ra sp. n.; male hypopygium.
F i g . 1 4 . L i m o n i a ( G e r a n o m y i a ) m o n o r h a p h i d i as p . n . ; m a l e h y p o p y g i u m .
Fig. 15.
Limonia (Rhipidia) alampetis sp. n.; mate hypopygium.
Fig. 16. Helius (Helius)quadrivena sp. n.; male hypopygium.
Fig. 17. Orimarga (Diotrepha) setosivena(Explanation of symbols: a, aedeagus; b, basistyle;sp. n.; male hypopygium.
d , d i s t i s t y l e ; g , g o n a p o p h y s i s ;i , i n t e r b a s e ; p , p h a l l o s o m e ; p r , p r o c t i g e r ; f , t e r g i t e ) .

263

Studia Ent., vol. 14, f asc. l'4, novembrol97l

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Fig. . 1.9. Shannonom)'ia
F i g . l t t . S h a n n o n o m y i a d i l a t i s 't:y l a _ -s p . ^ . . n . ;^ . \ ' t l n a t i o niaailatistyta sp. n..; malenig.' .20. S-hannonomf
exilostl,la sp. n.; venation.
hypop1igium..--hig.-it.Shannono.myiaexilost1,Ialp.n.:malelryp^opygium.
via
S h a n n o n o m ' y i al i'pheyrpnoepsysgpf u. mn_. l. m l l e h y f o p y g i u m .
fii.'ff.
f i g . 2 3 . . .S / r o n n o n o m. s c f u l i c o r n f ss p . n ' ;
Z
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a
F
i
g
.
m i c , r o s t l ' l as p . n . ; m a l e.
. , aedeagus; b., basistyle; d, dististyle;*if" t.,f,popv'gium.' (Expianatffi- of symUolE:a
p
h
a
l
l
o
s o m e; t , t e r g i t e) .
p,g,' gdnapophysis;

264

A l e x a n d e ' r , T r o p i c a lA m e r i c a nT i p u l i d a e( l V )2729

25. Atar.ba.(l.schno.thrix)
polyspila.sp. n.; venation.
Fig. 20. Elephantomytru
fig.
(E.l.epha,ntomyia)
laticincta sp. n-.; vehation. - nig.
27. EtephantoViyii-frlipTiiliithtyia)-28.
latic.i.nctasp. n.; male hypopygium.
Etefhantomyia ietrVlr;nroii,iii
lig.
multizona.sp. n.; male. hypopygiu.m.
29.
eteipnantomyiaiEte'p1r;;nroiyiii
orthorhabda sp. n.; .male hypopygium.-_ l!E.
nig. 30. Etephantoiyia'
in,rclpnintoiyio)s c i m i t a r s p ...n :;. ma l e h yp o p ygiup . ( Explanationof symbols: I;, basi s ty l e;'d,di sti styl e ; g , g o n a p ophysis;p€f,, penef
ilumi p, phallosonie).

Studia Ent., vol. 11, fasc. l-4, novembro1971

265

t)

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Fig. 3 1 . E u g n o p h o myi a i n cu rva ta sp. n. ; r ' enation
Fig. 32. Tr en tepohl i a(Para m o n g o m a)p a l l i d i sti g ma sp . n .; venation. - Fig. 33. Gymnastes( Neogy m nas tes )perex q u i s i t u sAl e xa n d e r; ve n a ti o n .
Fig. 34. G) ' m nastes( Par agym nostes)f a s c i penni s( T h o m s o n ) ; v e n a t i o n .- F i g . 3 5 . C y m n a s t e s( C y m n a s t e s )c y a n e a ( E d w a r d s ) ; v e n a t i o n .
Fi g . : J 6 . E u gn o p h o myi ai n cu rva ta sp. n.; male hypopygium.
Fig. 37. G l tm nas tes(Ne o g y m n a s f e s/p e re xq u i si tu ssp . n .; m ale hypopygium .
( Explanation of s y nr bol s :a , a e d e a g u s ;b , b a s i s t y l e ; d , d i s t i s t y l ;e g , g o n a p o p h y s i s p; , p h a l l o s o m e ;v e n a t i o n a l
s y m b o l s ,r - f r , r a d i a l - m e d i a lc r o s s v e i;n R , R a d i u s a n d b r a n c h e s ;S c , S u b c o s t)a.

266

Alexander,T r o p i c a lA m e r i c a nT i p u l i d a e( l V )nigrotuteasp. l.; venation.- Fig. 39. Erioptera
lig;^i_8.:_g^o!:,^Iy.,{lfygofgmyia)( Mesocypnona) tncurvata sp. n.; venation.
F!g. 40, Teucholabis (Teuchotabis)
noctula sp.- n.; mate.hypopygium.T^ Flg.. 4l . T"euchotabis-Ji.
riiiiiotabisj--iilrctara
sp.. n.; male.hypopygiuqt.- -Fig.
42.. Erioptera (Mesocyphohajtnciiaia-Erlopteran.;-- Flg. 43..
(Mesocipnonaj'
wiiiet ari*ano.r;-'mate-b,n1:_
ry.p9pvgium.
hypopygium. (Explanationof sym6ots:- a_, aedeagus; basistyle;J, Oiitistvi.;g, gonapophysis;p, phallosome;-t,terlite;.