MINISTRY OF FORESTRYFOREST DEPARTMENTMYANMARAND
COMMON FUND FOR COMMODITY (CFC)AND
INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGINIZATION (ITTO)

Study on Utilization of Plantation Teak Pre-project
CFC/ITTO 73 FT PPD 68/03 Rev.2 (I)ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
During the implementation period of the pre-project “ Utilization of Plantation Teak”, the
CFC/ITTO Project PPD 68/03 Rev.2(I),tireless efforts have been provided by technical staff
members of the Forest Research Institute, Yezin, who examined various properties of plantation
teak in this book. Most of the information provided in this handbook was investigated by thestaffs of the wood utilization Division, Forest Research Institute and their efforts were greatly
appreciated.
It is a great honor to express our appreciation and gratitude to U San Lwin, the Director
General of the Planning and Statistic Department, Ministry of Forestry and Chairman of the
Project Steering Committee (PSC) who is responsible for the successful implementation of the
project. Invaluable thanks are due to U Soe Win Hlaing and U Aye Myint Maung, the past andpresent Director General of the forest Department. Who had provided invaluable guidance anddirectives successful implementation of the project. We are greatly indebted to Dr. Nyi Nyi
Kyaw, Director of Forest Research Institute, U Khin Maung Oo, Project Manager, U Win Kyi,
National Consultant of Timber Utilization, U Mehm Ko Ko Gyi, National Consultant of project
proposal formulation for their guidance in the pre- project.
Lastly, almost honor and appreciation the work of Dr. Tetra, the project manager of theInternational Tropical Timber Organization must be mentioned, who had supervised the projectand provided unremitting effort and continuous guidance in the successful implementation of
the project.

Khin May Lwin
Research Officer
Forest Research Institute
Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction

1

14-Years Old Plantation Teak

3‐7

20-Years Old Plantation Teak

8‐12

25-Years Old Planation Teak

13‐17

30- Years Old Platation Teak

18‐22

Introduction
Among world teak, Myanmar
teak, special and in a class of its own,
has become renowned since the mid
eighteen century. It has been known tobeexceptionallysuitableforshipbuilding,veneer,highclass
furniture&
construction
works,
especially for decorative joinery.
Teak is recognized as one of themost valuable premium woods in theworld. Naturally inherited desirable
wood characteristics such as lightness
and durability, hardness and stability,straight
grain
andworkability,
beautiful grain pattern and golden
colour, and termite resistant etc, aremajor attributes to teak to be a
versatile timber for various usesThe
governmentistakingmeasures to introduce the marketoriented economic system in the nation
for national development. In theprocess, in order to contribute towards
the development of the private sector
as well as the perpetual existence andsustainable development of timber
extraction, the Ministry of Forestry ismaking efforts for enabling thenational entrepreneurs to run teakfarming by their own.
The oldest teak plantation had
been established in Myanmar about in
year
1700.
Teak
plantations
established up to 1906 totaled 24,282
ha (Anon, Forest Department 1999).
The establishment of teak plantation
over an area of 324,000 ha will havebeen completed at the end of the 40year rotation.
At the end of 2008,
special teak plantations amounted to89,100 ha.
In fact, teak plantation in
Myanmar has originated with “Taungya” method in modest scales with thecompensatory concept since 1856.
However the extensive plantation
programme has been set since 1978
with an annual target at 80,000 acresof which about 40 percent is forcommercial species, mainly teak. In
light of farsighted view towards market
economy, Myanmar has step up to theemergence of private owned forest
plantations. As for teak plantation, a
total of 20,500 acres for 11 Companies
has been permitted and commenced
establishment since 2006. Receiving
the growing interests of entrepreneurs
to invest in this lucrative business,further thousands of acres are under
the process for permission.
In Myanmar, as the earliest large
scale teak plantations have not yet
reached harvestable size, domestic
wood-based industries and timbermerchants who have traditionally dealt
with large diameter size of natural teakare still lack of experience dealing withsmall diameter size of plantation teak.
General public perception in thedomestic market is also that propertiesof teak wood from plantation grown are
inferior to that of natural grown.
Plantation teak could not match
old growth teak in terms of market
prices.
The best quality plantation
CFC/ITTO 73 FT PPD 68/03 Rev.2 (I)1teak price is lower than even that of
the lowest grade old growth Myanmar
teak (Keogh, 2008).
This is due
primarily to high sapwood content andhigh juvenile wood content in thetimber obtained from the trees ofyoung teak plantations. Sapwood
content, juvenile wood content andgrowth rate are some of the basic
properties in assessing the wood
quality, especially for the timbers
obtained from the trees of young forest
plantations.
Teak is commonly accepted as
one of the most durable wood species
in the world. It was recorded that onsome dry sites, it had lasted for morethan 700 years. In contact with theground, it can remain serviceable formore than twenty-five years because of
the natural preservatives present in
the heartwood. The extractives present
in the heartwood are believed to bemainly responsible for teak durability.
However, it is without a doubtthat the quality of teak extracted fromplantation cannot compare with thequality of teak extracted from naturalforests. Fast growing and high yielding
forest plantations are becoming animportant source to increase wood
productivity. For fast growing species,
a relative short rotation period and thewood quality may be lower than
expected. For outdoor construction,
variation in durability is still of great
importance.
Young teakwood is produced
from thinning & final felling at the endof short rotation. Mature teak wood (tobe cut about 60-80 years of age)
mainly consist of heartwood, while
younger one consist of bigger portion ofsapwood. About 10 years old teaktrees consists of 70% sapwood, whileat 20-30 years of age the wood almost
has 50% of heartwood.
Specific gravity of teak wood islower in young teak. Yudodibroto(1985) reported that specific gravity ofteak was as low as 0.48. The
mechanical strength of wood will belower at about 30% on average.
Trees harvested in shorterrotations and thinning trees havehigher proportion of juvenile andtension woods, generally characterizedby shorter fibers & elements, small
diameter and thinner cells with higher
fibrile angle.
Some properties of plantation
teak of different ages have been done
during ITTO/CFC pre-project “Studyon utilization of plantation teak” which
are
basic
requirements
totheutilization potential of plantation teak.
.

CFC/ITTO 73 FT PPD 68/03 Rev.2 (I)2Plantation Teak Wood
Quality
14-Years Old Plantation Teak
General characteristics of thewood
Sapwoodandheartwoodconsist of
57.04 % and 42.96 %respectively; heartwood golden yellow
turning pale brown, dull, odour
present, strongly and characteristicallyscented when fresh;
growth ring
distinct; sapwood 4 rings and averageheartwood 6 rings respectively; poresmedium-sized, visible to the naked eye.

Microscopic characters
Vessels:
Ring porous wood; 6 16/mm², moderately few to moderately
numerous; solitary 73 %, in radial
multiple of 2-4 and 27%; solitary poresrounded or oval, mean tangential
diameter 124.46 µm (range 35.88252.41µm),
fine-texture,
mediumsized; mean length 318.78 µm (range
117.88 – 445.88 µm), moderately
short; perforation plate sample, end
walls transverse or oblique , one end
or both end tailed; intervessel pits
alternate, 5.31 µm, small, oval or
elongated in shape; reddish-brown
gum
depositspresent;tylosesabundant,
Fiber:
Medium-sized, mean length1044.06 µm (range 461.25-1701.50µm); mean fiber width 23.36µm(range14.38-32.5 µm), mean fiber wall
thickness 4.36 µm, (range 2.5-7.19µm), thin-walled; septate; libriform;
slit-like.
Rays: Heterogeneous; 3-4 cell wide,(mostly 4); 5-10 /mm tangentially,
widely space to fairly close; meanheight of multiseriate rays is 585.70µm (range 102.39-1601.56 µm), very
low,; mean width 35.92µm (range
17.94-55.09µm), moderately fine,and 5-72 cells high; ray vessel pitting
3.63 µm in diameter, small, oval orrounded or elliptical in shape.
Axial parenchyma:
Abundant,
paratracheal parenchyma connecting
vessel pores forming
5-11 seriate bands, initial andconfluent.

Transverse section

200

Tangential section

100

Radial section

100

CFC/ITTO 73 FT PPD 68/03 Rev.2 (I)3Qualitative characters
Growth rings

Distinct

ColourPale golden brownto dark golden
brown

Luster

Dull

Grain

Straight
orinterlock grained

TextureFine totextured

Odour

Distinct

Porosity

Ring porous

coarseQuantitative characters
Vessel No/mm2

6-16Vessel diameter

124.46

Vessel length318.78Fiber length1044.06

Fiber width

23.36

Fiberwall
thickness

4.36

Lumen width

14.38

Multiseriate
heightray 585.70

Multiseriate
width

ray 35.92

Multiseriate
high

ray 5-72

Ray/mmtangentially

5-10

CFC/ITTO 73 FT PPD 68/03 Rev.2 (I)4Some Physical Properties
Shrinkage ( Green to Oven Dry)

Moisture content%

12.0

Middle

93.6

12.0

Top

85.7

12.0

Base

0.368 2.15

4.98

7.48

Average

92.2

12.0

Middle0.274 2.32

5.19

7.47

Top

0.259 2.42

5.38

7.39

Average 0.300 2.3

5.2

7.45

Specific gravity
Green

Radial %97.2

Longitudinal%

Base

Volumetric%

Air Dry

Tangential %Green

Air Dry

Base

0.535

0.585

Dimensional stability

Middle

0.507

0.552

Base

2.33

Top

0.513

0.559

Middle

1.88

Average

0.518

0.565

Top

1.76

Average

1.99

Density ( Kg/m3)
Green

Air Dry

Base

1056

655

Middle

978

618

Top

951

615

Average995

629

CFC/ITTO 73 FT PPD 68/03 Rev.2 (I)5Some mechanical properties

Air Drying

Static bending (Nmm-2)

Quick Drying Test

MOR

95

Initial Check

1

MOE

9578

Deformation

1

FS@PL

58

Internal Check

1

Initial DBT ( ˚C)

60

Axial compression (Nmm-2)

Initial WBD ( ˚C)

5

MCS

44

Final DBT ( ˚C)

85

FS@PL

36

Initial moisture 86.9
content %Side compression (Nmm-2)
FS@PL

12

Estimated
Drying(days)

3-4
Time

Schedule Code

D44/W44

Hardness (kN)
Side

1.5

End

2.9

Natural Durability
Average MC%
Average
lost%

52.56

weight 5.642

Durability class
Description
Durability

2of Durable

Chemical Properties
CFC/ITTO 73 FT PPD 68/03 Rev.2 (I)6Ash content%
Heart

Alcohol/ Benzene Soluble %
Sap

Heart

Sap

Base

2.167

2.783

Base

10.736

7.861

Middle

1.581

2.279

Middle

9.047

7.004

Top

1.385

1.958

Top

8.568

6.913

Average

1.711

2.340

Average

9.450

7.259

Hot Water Soluble %Heart

Lignin Content %
Sap

Heart

Sap

Base

5.706

6.907

Base

27.80025.980

Middle

5.767

6.644

Middle28.48026.720

Top

5.668

6.247

Top

29.28027.340

Average

5.714

6.699

Average28.52026.680

1% NaOH Soluble %Cellulose Content %

Heart

Sap

Heart

Sap

Base

13.52812.397Base

47.90147.989Middle13.14111.765

Middle48.23248.154Top

13.06411.700Top

49.04448.227

Average

13.24411.954

Average48.39248.123

CFC/ITTO 73 FT PPD 68/03 Rev.2 (I)720-Years Old Plantation Teak
General characteristics of
the wood. Sapwood and heartwoodconsist of
65.02 % and 34.98 %;heartwood golden yellow turning
reddish- brown, dull, odour present,
strongly
andcharacteristicallyscented when fresh; growth ring
distinct, sapwood 7 rings andaverageheartwood
10
rings
respectively; pores medium-sized,
visible to the naked eye.

Microscopic characters
Vessels: Ring porous wood; 4-14/mm², few to moderately numerous;
solitary 72 %, in radial multiple of
2-5 and 28%; solitary poresrounded or oval, mean tangential
diameter 161.10 µm (range 33.31353.63µm), medium-textured,medium-sized;
mean
length336.51µm(range140.94494.56µm),
moderately
short;
perforation plate sample, end walls
oblique or transverse, one end or
both end tailed, intervessel pits
alternate, 3.13µm, small, roundedor
oval;
reddish-brown
gum
deposits present; tyloses present,
Fiber: Medium-sized, mean length
1086.60 µm (range 458.69-1447.81µm); mean fiber width 14.68µm(range 16.25-34.56 µm), mean fiber
wall thickness 4.38µm, (range 2.57.5µm), thin –walled; septate;libriform; slit-like. Wavy fibers andhelical thickening were found in 20year-old plantation teak.
Rays: Heterogeneous, 3-4 cell wide,(mostly 4), 3-7/mm tangentially, widely
spaced to normally spaced, meanheight of multiseriate rays is 484.06µm (range
110.19-1091.63 µm),
extremely low, mean width 50.13 µm(range 25.63-72.77µm), mediumsized, and 5-44 cells high, ray vessel
pitting 3.75 µm in diameter, oval orrounded in shape.
Axial parenchyma:
Abundant,
paratracheal
parenchyma
connecting vessel pores forming 3-9
seriate bands, initial and confluent.

Transverse section

200

Tangential section

100

Radial section

CFC/ITTO 73 FT PPD 68/03 Rev.2 (I)8Qualitative characters
Growth rings

Distinct

ColourPale golden brownto dark golden
brown

Luster

Dull

Grain

Straight
orinterlock grained

TextureMedium to coarse
textured

Odour

Distinct

Porosity

Ring porous

Quantitative characters
Vessel No/mm2

4-14Vessel diameter

161.10

Vessel length

336.51Fiber length

1086.60

Fiber width

24.68

Fiberwall
thickness

4.38

Lumen width

15.96

Multiseriate
heightray 484.06

Multiseriate
width

ray 50.13

Multiseriate
high

ray 5-44

Ray/mmtangentially

3-7

CFC/ITTO 73 FT PPD 68/03 Rev.2 (I)9Some Physical Properties
Moisture content%

12.0

Middle

101.3

12.0

Top

92.9

12.0

Average

95.3

12.0

Specific gravity
Green

Volumetric%

91.0

Tangential %Base

Radial %Air DryBase0.335 2.5

5.0

8.17

Middle0.213 2.60

5.10

7.86

Top

0.229 2.99

5.63

7.29

Average 0.259 2.7

5.2

7.77

Longitudinal
%

Green

Shrinkage ( Green to Oven Dry)

Air Dry

Base

0.625

0.694

Dimensional stability

Middle

0.568

0.689

Base

1.99

Top

0.581

0.640

Middle

1.96

Average

0.591

0.674

Top

1.93

Average

1.96

Density ( Kg/m3)
Green

Air Dry

Base

1199

778

Middle

1147

699

Top

1123

717

Average1156

731

CFC/ITTO 73 FT PPD 68/03 Rev.2 (I)10Some mechanical properties

Air Drying

Static bending (Nmm-2)

Quick Drying Test

MOR

103

Initial Check

1

MOE

10484

Deformation

1

FS@PL

61

Internal Check

2

Initial DBT ( ˚C)

60

Axial compression (Nmm-2)

Initial WBD ( ˚C)

5

MCS

48

Final DBT ( ˚C)

85

FS@PL

40

Initial moisture 100.20
content %Side compression (Nmm-2)
FS@PL

13

Estimated
Drying(days)

7-8
Time

Schedule Code

D44/W45

Hardness (kN)
Side

1.55

End

2.9

Natural Durability
Average MC%
Average
lost%

86.49

weight 5.301

Durability class
Description
Durability

2of Durable

CFC/ITTO 73 FT PPD 68/03 Rev.2 (I)11Chemical Properties
Ash content%
Heart

Alcohol/ Benzene Soluble %
Sap

Heart

Sap

Base

3.449

3.262

Base

17.56414.247

Middle

2.941

2.923

Middle16.35013.031

Top

2.584

2.480

Top

15.96412.876

Average

2.991

2.888

Average

16.95913.385

Hot Water Soluble %Heart

Lignin Content %
Sap

Heart

Sap

Base

6.504

6.544

Base

31.24029.080

Middle

6.439

6.136

Middle32.78030.540

Top

6.174

5.796

Top

32.88030.880

Average

6.372

6.159

Average

32.30030.167

1% NaOH Soluble %Cellulose Content %

Heart

Sap

Heart

Sap

Base

16.66914.721Base

49.12749.511

Middle16.22514.014

Middle49.10249.763Top

15.85513.660Top

49.77350.280

Average

16.25014.132Average49.33449.851

CFC/ITTO 73 FT PPD 68/03 Rev.2 (I)1225-year- old plantation Teak6.25 µm), thin- walled; septate;libriform; slit-like.

General characteristics of
the wood

Rays:
Heterogeneous; 2-4 cellwide, (mostly 3- 4), 4-8 /mm
tangentially, widely spaced tonormally spaced; mean height ofmultiseriate rays is 543.62µm(range 123-1224.88 µm), very low;mean width 39.88 µm (range 19.2260.22µm), moderately fine, and 656 cells high, ray vessel pitting
4.06µm in diameter, small, roundedor oval in shape.

Sapwoodandheartwoodconsist of 43.95 % and 56.05 %respectively;
heartwood dark
reddishbrown,
black
stripepresent,
dull,
odour
present,
strongly
andcharacteristicallyscented when fresh; growth ring
distinct; sapwood 8 rings andaverageheartwood12
rings
respectively; pores medium-sized,
visible to the naked eye.
Microscopic characters
Vessels: Ring porous wood; 5-14/mm², moderately few to moderately
numerous; solitary 79 %, in radial
multiple of 2-5 and 21%; solitarypores rounded or oval, meantangential diameter
145.64 µm(range 30.75-307.50 µm), finetextured,medium-sized;
mean
length 243.03 (range
84.56386µm), very short; perforation
plate sample, end walls oblique ortransverse, one end or both end
tailed; intervessel pits alternate,4.69 µm, small, rounded in shaped;
reddish -brown gum deposits
present; tyloses present.
Fiber: Medium-sized, mean length
919.49 µm (range 438.19-1449.69µm); mean fiber width 23.89µm(range 15.63-32.50µm), mean fiber
wall thickness 4.20µm(range 2.5-

Axial parenchyma:
Abundant,
paratracheal
parenchyma
connecting vessel pores forming 37seriate bands, initial and confluent

Transverse section

200

Tangential section

100

Radial section

CFC/ITTO 73 FT PPD 68/03 Rev.2 (I)13Qualitative characters
Growth rings

Distinct

ColourPale golden brownto dark golden
brown

Luster

Dull

Grain

Straight
orinterlock grained

TextureFine totextured

Odour

Distinct

Porosity

Ring porous

coarseQuantitative characters
Vessel No/mm2

5-14Vessel diameter

145.64

Vessel length

243.01Fiber length

919.49Fiber width

23.89

Fiberwall
thickness

4.20

Lumen width

15.09

Multiseriate
heightray 543.62

Multiseriate
width

ray 39.88

Multiseriate
highray 6-56

Ray/mmtangentially

4-8

CFC/ITTO 73 FT PPD 68/03 Rev.2 (I)14Some Physical Properties

Shrinkage ( Green to Oven Dry)

12.0

Volumetric%

Middle

63.4

12.0

Base

0.280 2.40

4.40

7.00

Top

50.0

12.0

Middle0.240 2.70

5.20

7.29

Average

61.5

12.0

Top

0.250 3.00

5.30

8.64

Average 0.257 2.7

5.0

7.64

Air Dry

Radial %

71.2

Green

Longitudinal%

Base

Tangential %Moisture content%

Specific gravity
Green

Air Dry

Dimensional stability

Base

0.604

0.671

Base

1.83

Middle

0.574

0.633

Middle

1.93

Top

0.557

0.612

Top

1.76

Average

0.578

0.639

Average

1.84

Density ( Kg/m3)
Green

Air Dry

Base

1036

752

Middle

936

708

Top

885

686

Average952

715

CFC/ITTO 73 FT PPD 68/03 Rev.2 (I)15

Some mechanical properties

Air Drying

Static bending (Nmm-2)

Quick Drying Test

MOR

111

Initial Check

1

MOE

11272

Deformation

1

FS@PL

69

Internal Check

1

Initial DBT ( ˚C)

60

Axial compression (Nmm-2)

Initial WBD ( ˚C)

5

MCS

51

Final DBT ( ˚C)

85

FS@PL

43

Initial moisture 88.30
content %Side compression (Nmm-2)
FS@PL

13

Estimated
Drying(days)

3-4
Time

Schedule Code

D44/W44

Hardness (kN)
Side

1.85

End

3.3

Natural Durability
Average MC%
Average
lost%

37.97

weight 5.947

Durability class
Description
Durability

2of Durable

CFC/ITTO 73 FT PPD 68/03 Rev.2 (I)16Chemical Properties
Ash content%
Heart

Alcohol/ Benzene Soluble %
Sap

Heart

Sap

Base

1.748

2.097

Base

12.2878.450

Middle

1.552

2.070

Middle

9.848

7.966

Top

1.462

2.055

Top

9.352

7.860

Average

1.587

2.074

Average

10.496

8.092

Hot Water Soluble %Heart

Lignin Content %
Sap

Heart

Sap

Base

6.780

7.284

Base

27.82026.900

Middle

6.760

7.176

Middle28.48026.960

Top

6.724

6.415

Top

30.16027.220

Average

6.755

6.958

Average28.82027.027

1% NaOH Soluble %Cellulose Content %

Heart

Sap

Base

14.96613.808Middle14.792Top
Average

Heart

Sap

Base

51.45251.982

13.414

Middle51.82951.99514.29413.223

Top

52.03152.43814.68413.482Average

51.77152.138CFC/ITTO 73 FT PPD 68/03 Rev.2 (I)1730-year- old plantation Teak
General characteristics of
the wood
Sapwoodandheartwoodconsist of 24.04 % and 75.96 %respectively, sapwood pale yellow,
heartwood dark golden- brown,dull, odour present, strongly andcharacteristicallyscentedwhen
fresh;
growth ring distinct,
sapwood 10 rings and averageheartwood 16 rings respectively;
pores medium-sized, visible to thenaked eye.
Microscopic characters
Vessels: Ring porous wood, 4-18/mm², few to moderately numerous,
solitary 73 %, inradial multiple of 2-5 and 27 %;solitary pore rounded , meantangential diameter 146.01 µm(range33.31-302.38µm),
fine-textured,medium-sized,
mean
length294.38µm (range
125.56 –356.26µm),
moderately
short;
perforation plate sample, end walls
oblique or transverse, one end or
both end tailed, intervessel pits
alternate, 5 µm, small, rounded oroval in shape; reddish -brown gum
deposits present; tyloses present.
Fiber: Medium-sized, mean length1069.02µm(range604.751517µm),
mean
fiber
width
23.33µm (range 16.25-31.25 µm),
mean
fiber
wall
thickness

4.01µm(range 2.5-5.62 µm), thinwalled, septate, libriform, slit-like.
Rays: Heterogeneous,
2-5 cellwide, (mostly 3),
4-9 /mmtangentially, widely spaced to fairly
close, mean height of multiseriaterays is 568.98 µm (range 1231224.88µm), very low, mean width
45.97µm (range 20.5-69.19 µm),
medium-sized, and 6-66 cells high,ray vessel pitting 5 µm in diameter,rounded or oval in shape.
Axial parenchyma:
Abundant,
paratracheal
parenchyma
connecting vessel pores forming 3-9
seriate bands, initial and confluent

Transverse section

200

Tangential section

100

Radial section

CFC/ITTO 73 FT PPD 68/03 Rev.2 (I)18Qualitative characters
Growth rings

Distinct

ColourPale golden brownto dark golden
brown

Luster

Dull

Grain

Straight
orinterlock grained

TextureFine totextured

Odour

Distinct

Porosity

Ring porous

coarseQuantitative characters
Vessel No/mm2

4-18

Vessel diameter

146.01

Vessel length294.38Fiber length1069.02

Fiber width

23.33

Fiberwall
thickness

4.01

Lumen width

15.12

Multiseriate
heightray 568.98

Multiseriate
width

ray 45.97

Multiseriate
highray 6-66

Ray/mmtangentially

4-9

CFC/ITTO 73 FT PPD 68/03 Rev.2 (I)19Some Physical Properties

Shrinkage ( Green to Oven Dry)

12.0

Volumetric%

Middle

79.4

12.0

Base

0.280 2.50

5.70

7.71

Top

72.7

12.0

Middle0.206 2.60

5.62

7.57

Average

78.2

12.0

Top

0.209 2.86

5.56

8.07

5.6

7.78

Air Dry

Average o.232

Radial %

82.0

Green

Longitudinal%

Base

Tangential %Moisture content%

2.7

Specific gravity
Green

Air Dry

Dimensional stability

Base

0.565

0.621

Base

2.30

Middle

0.537

0.588

Middle

2.16

Top

0.530

0.579

Top

1.94

Average

0.544

0.596

Average

2.13

Density ( Kg/m3)
Green

Air Dry

Base

1025

696

Middle

957

659

Top

909

649

Average964

668

CFC/ITTO 73 FT PPD 68/03 Rev.2 (I)20

Some mechanical properties

Air Drying

Static bending (Nmm-2)

Quick Drying Test

MOR

93

Initial Check

1

MOE

10241

Deformation

1

FS@PL

57

Internal Check

1

Initial DBT ( ˚C)

70

Axial compression (Nmm-2)

Initial WBD ( ˚C)

5

MCS

43

Final DBT ( ˚C)

90

FS@PL

37

Initial moisture 67.10
content %Side compression (Nmm-2)
FS@PL

10

Estimated
Drying(days)

4-5
Time

Schedule Code

D53/W43

Hardness (kN)
Side

1.25

End

2.6

Natural Durability
Average MC%
Average
lost%

28.52

weight 2.351

Durability class
Description
Durability

1of Very Durable

CFC/ITTO 73 FT PPD 68/03 Rev.2 (I)21

Chemical Properties
Ash content%
Heart

Alcohol/ Benzene Soluble %
Sap

Heart

Sap

Base

1.484

2.188

Base

13.641

9.379

Middle

0.963

1.581

Middle13.652

9.189

Top

1.061

1.334

Top

14.211

9.711

Average

1.145

1.701

Average

13.835

9.427

Lignin Content %Hot Water Soluble %
Heart

Heart

Sap

Sap

Base

6.272

6.300

Base

34.56

31.78

Middle

6.143

6.068

Middle

36.84

34.48

Top

6.198

6.194

Top

39.22

35.56

Average

6.204

6.187

Average36.87333.940

Cellulose Content %1% NaOH Soluble %

Heart

Sap

Base

51.00850.20011.678Middle52.04350.891

13.694

11.399Top

52.59651.80513.81112.351

Average51.88250.969

Heart

Sap

Base

14.11012.975

Middle13.630Top
Average

CFC/ITTO 73 FT PPD 68/03 Rev.2 (I)22CFC/ITTO 73 FT PPD 68/03 Rev.2 (I)23

References

1. U Zaw Win, The Role of Plantation Teak in Myanmar,
MFPTMA, Myanmar, 2009.
2. U Aung Myint, et.al, Production and Marketing of Teak
Wood Products in Myanmar, Myanmar
TimberEnterprise, Myanmar, 2009.
3. U Kyaw Win Maung et.al, Investigation on Sapwood
Contents, Juvenile Wood Content and Growth Rate,
Anatomical Characteristics, Physical and Mechanical
Properties of Plantation Teak at Different Ages, Forest
Research Institute, Yezin, Myanmar, 2009.
4. Daw Cho Cho Win, et.al, Investigation on Natural
Durability and Drying Behavior of Plantation Teak at
Different Ages, Forest Research Institute, Myanmar,
2009.

CFC/ITTO 73 FT PPD 68/03 Rev.2 (I)24

CFC/ITTO 73 FT PPD 68/03 Rev.2 (I)Handbook on Properties of Plantation Teak in Myanmar