On New or tittt,:-Ic+wwn Tipulida~.

.31~'~ODEL, ~{..

I:}38.
'" Die L a t m > r t i - N ~ d ~ i c h l e n
you Troekau bt Obcrfrankml.",lahrb. Pr+,~s, <~'~,<d. Lml<:tes~msI, Iviii.(1937).
pp. 631-665, pls. li.--iiii,
MODEl,, 1{,. and I(UHN, O. 1935. " \Veiiere .Beilri},ge zm' Kem~t,ll}8 desfrfinkiseben Callovimns.'
Zentralbl. f. Min. c~ie. Abt. g ,No. 12, pp. 468483.
Ngu~rAY~, M.
1871.
" Die Ccphalopoden-Fauna der Oolithe yon
FJalin bei K r a k a u . "Ahhandl. Geol. ]~.eiebsanst., v. Haft 2,
p. 40, pl. xiv., fig. l.
SeATH, L . F .
1913.
" O~) Jurassic A m m o n i t e s from Jebe[ Zaghua.n(Tunisia)."
Qua,rt. ,[ourm Geol. See. lxix. p. 55g, p[. lii..
fig. 3.
1927-1933.
" P~evision of the ,Jurassic Cephalopod F a u n a ofK a c h h (Cut.eh)." Mere. Geol. Surv. India, Pal. Indiea, N.8. ix.
no. 2, p a r t s i.-vi., pp. 945, pls. cxxx.
~--.
t939.
" The A m m o n i t e Zones of l.he U p p e r Oxford Clay ofW~rboys, Huntingdonshir¢<"
Bull. G'eol. Sm'v. Ot.. Britain,,~m. l, pp. 82-98, pls. vi.-vii.

XXXVII.--N<'w or little-k+wwn Tipulidae (D@tertO.-L X X X I V . Oriental-At<atra'a.sia+~ Species. By CHAgLES
P. AL~XA~DER, Ph.D., F.]~.E.S., University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Massachusetts, U.S.A.
LN the present paper I am describing further novelties
Dora eastern China, most,]y from the Kuatnn Districtof Fukien ]?rovinee and from the mountainous interior of
Kwangtung. The village of Ta-ehu-lan, frequently citedin this series of reports, lies on the slopes of the Kuatun:~[ountains in Shaowu Hsien: close to the border of Chin>gan Hsien wherein Kuatun itself is located. I wish to
express my appreciation to Messrs. Chao, Fu, Heitfeld,
Maa, and TJnkham for their continued aid in making
known the rich Tipulid fauna of eastern China. Except
where indicated to the eontraw; the types of the novelt,ies are preserved in my personal collection.

Longm'io (Longm'io) hir,~'utistybt.s, Sl). n.
Size large (wing, male, 20 r a m . ) : general coloration,)rg~nge, the pr~eseutum with further deeper orange stripesof distinctive arrangement; wings dark fulvous, more
intensely so along the costa] border; stigma oval, darker
brown ; male hypopygium with. the inner dististyle unusually hairy, the vestiture black and more or less retrorse :outer taee of style with three widely separated })lackspines,432

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Male.--Length about 26 ram. : wing 20 ram.
Frontal prolongation of head orange; nasus black,conspicuous ; palpi brownish black. Antennae dark brown,
the basal half of scape yellow ; outer flagellar segments
slender, cylindrical, with long conspicuous vertieils. Headorange.
Pronotum orange. Mesonotal praescutum with tile disk,~range, with fln'ther fulvous-orange stripes of peculiar
atrrangement, o~l the cephalic half of the sclerite there being
two such stripes that are confluent at the midline, ending
as points at near midlength of the sclerite, the sublateralstropes then beginning and continuing to the suture;
median area of posterior half of prmseutum much palerorange yet differentiated against the ground; posterior:;clerites of notum yellow, each seutal lobe with two fulvous areas, the more posterior one elongated; posterior
third of mediotergite darker. Pleura variegated yellowish, orange and brown, the last colour surrounding theanterior spiracle and around the wing-root, withpaler clouds on the anepisternum and dorsal meron ; theclearest yellow includes the dorsal sternopleurite andventral meral areas. Ha lteres dark brown. Legs withthe ooxae orange, darker apically; trochanters liverbrown : remainder of legs darkened, femora pale brown,
more yellowed basally, the tips narrowly dark brown:
tibiae brown, the tips and the tarsi passing into black;claws (male) toothed. Wings broad ; ground-eolour darkf,flvous, even deeper and more saturated at base andin costal region; pa.ter brown clouds over cord andespecially in cells M, Ca, and the Anals, in cell M
ineh~ding most of the cell excepting the outer end;
both AnM cells with paler central areas; stigma oval,
still darker brown ; veins dark brown, paler in the basMand costal fields. Venation: Rs moderately areuated,
subequal to the more nearly straight R2~_:~; M3+ 4 about
two-thirds as long as the second section of M~+~ ; petioleof cell M~ nearly three times m.
Abdomen only moderately lengthened, as comparedwith the female sex of chaoianus; tergites bicoloured, thebasal rings light "yellow. the posterior ones .fulvous, thelatter colour increasing in amount on the outer segments,
the yellow correspondingly reduced; segments eight and~fine black: sternites fnlvo~.q on posterior ring, the sides

New or little-known Tipulidoe.

433

of basal ring grey pruinose, each sternite with a broadb}~ekened area that is more or tess biseet.ed by the tra,nsverse impression. Male hypopygium with the dististyles
mmsuMly hairy, especially the inner one where the vestilure is black and more or less retrorse ; three strong spines
in a longitudinal row on lace of style, these widely separated, the outermost a trifle larger.
Hab. China (Fukien).
Holotype, ~, Ta-chu-lan, altitude 1500 metres, May
19~S (Jo~eph Fu).
The closest described, relative of this fly is Longurio(Lonyurio) fulvus Edwards, which differs in the smallersize, slightly different pattern of the thorax and wings,
and in the structure of the male hypopygium, especiallyof the inner dististyle. L. (L.) chaoianvs Alexander differs
particularly in the coloration of the body, espeeiMlyof the thorax and abdomen, in the venation, and in ~11
details of the male hypopygium.

Long~*rio (Longurio) qua.drinigr~1, sp. 11.
Body almost uniformly orange, the terminal four abdominal segments black ; wings obscm:e yellow, cells C and
Sc brown, this eolour continued distad around the tipof the wing ; stigma dark browl~, relatively small ; innere~d of cell R:~ in virtual transverse alignment with cellR~; male hypopygium with the outer dististyle obtuse~t tip ; inner dististyle relatively short and broad, with a~eries of seven or eight strong spines along the face.
Male.--Length about 21 n nn. ; wing 15.5 ram.
Frontal prolongation of head orange, nasus black;pa|pi brownish black. Antennae with scape orange, pedicel
brown : flagelhun broken. Head deep orange.
Thorax a.lmost m~iformly orange-yellow, the prm,scutumwith indications of four more fulwms stripes and eachscutal lobe with two weakly inNscated markings; sentellum pale yellow. Pleura. orange. Halteres with thestem brown, the apex of knob a little paler. Legs
with the eoxae and trochanters orange; remainder oflegs black. Wings with a deep obscure yellow ground,cells C and Sc brown, the eotour continued around thewing tip to vein Cv ; stigma dark brown, much smaller
than in hirsutistylus ; veins brown, narrowly seamed with
Ann. & Mat. Nat, Hist. Set, 12. Vol, it.
28

434

Dr. C. P. Alexander o~t

paler brown, broadest in cell M adjoining vein Cu. Venation: R~+ 3 relatively short, about one-half longer thanR~+ 2 ; inner end of cell R a in virtual transvdrse aligmnent
with cell R 5 ; petiole of cell M 1 only a little longer than m.
Abdomen with basal five tergites orange, the basal
rings more orange-yellow ; outer ibur abdominal segments
black, the basal ring of the sixth segment more nacreous ;basal sternites orange, segments two to five, inclusive,
each with a pair of brown spots, much paler on segment
five. 5lale hypopygium with the outer dististyle more
obtuse at tip than in hirsutistylus ; inner dististyle shorter,
the outer margin more incised, the beak shorter andstouter ; a series of seven or eight strong spines in a single
row along face of style; set~e of style black, virtually
as long and conspicuous as in hirsutistylus.
Hab. China (Fukien).
Holotype, ~, Ta-chu-lan, altitude 1500 metres, July 4,1943 (Joseph Fu); Alexander Collection through Chao.
This fly is readily told from the related regional species
by the coloration of the abdomen, no other Chinese species
having this number of blackened terminal segments.
Most of the species have two such segments while Longurio (Longurio) chaoianus Alexander has the entire
abdomen, including the hypopygium, generally pale incolour. The male hypopygium of the present fly is distinetive.

Longurio (Longurio) congestus, sp. n.
Size small (wing, rome, under 14 ram.); general color~tion fiery orange, the terminal two abdominal segments
black ; wings brownish yellow, the costal border narrowly
more darkened; a vague dusky cloud over the anterior
cord ; male hypopygium with the inner dististyle sparsely
hairy, the spines few in number, gronped on a slightly
more elevated part of the style beyond midlength ofo~lter face.
Male.--Length about 16-17 ram. ; wing 12-].2.5 ram.
Female.--Length about 15-19 ram. ; wing 12-]4"5 ram.
Frontal prolongation of head very short, orange ; nasns
elongate, tipped with black; palpi brownish black. Antenna~ with scape yellow, pedicel brown, flagellmn black:segments with long verticils. Head orange.

New or little-]cnown Tipulidae.

:135

Thorax uniformly orange, virtually unpatterned. Halt,eres iufuscated, the base of stem narrowly paler. Legs
with cox~e and trochanters orange; remainder of legs
dark brown ; claws (male) toothed. Wings with a brownish
yellow tinge; costal border, including cells C and Sc,
deeper brown, the colour continued distad to the wing
tip ; stigma oval, somewhat darker brown ; a vague dusky
cloud over the anterior cord; veins brown. Venation:
Rs arcuated to angulated and weak-spurred at origin;
R2+:~ straight or virtually so, shorter than R,s; petiole ofcell M~ long, exceeding two-thirds the cell.
Abdomen orange, each of the subbasal sternites withan oval brownish black mark on each ring, on sternite
two on the posterior ring only; intermediate sternites
with these spots smaller and paler, on the outer segments
lacking ; terminal two segments, including genitalia, black.
Male hypopygium with the inner dististyle only sparsely
hairy; spines three to five in number, the outermost
all grouped on a slightly more elevated part of the stylebeyond midlengt,h of outer face.
Hub. China (Kwangtung).
Ho~otype, ~, west side of Sam Kok Shun, lmng Moon
District, June 5, 1938 (Tzs Hal); purchased from E. I~.
Tinkham. AIlotopotype, ~, pinned with type. Parato)~o(~p<;,~', ~ , with the types; paratypes, 3 ~ , Chen Wo
Tung, Lung Moon District, June 3, 1938 (Tsz Hai).
The most similar described regional species is Longurio(Longurio) fldw.es Edwards, which is larger, with adifferent wing pattern and witht he male hypopygium,
particularly the inner dististyle, qnite differently armed.

C.tenacroscelis laticellula, sp. n.
Belongs to the brobdignagius group; size large (wing,
male, 36 ram.); mesonotal prmscutum with the disk
chiefly occupied by four brownish grey stripes; pleura
light yellow with a dark brown dorsal stripe; femora
brownisb yellow, the tips blackened; wings pale brown,
the costal border more suffused; male hypopygium with~he tergite narrow, the caudal margin with a deep andnarrow U-shaped notch, the lateral lobes broader, parallelsided, t;heir tips obliquely truncated; inner dististyle
simple: eighth sternite with divergent marginal lobes.
28 +

436

])r. C. P. Alexander on

M a l e . - - L e n g t h about 30 ram. ; wing 36 ram. : antenna
about 4.5 ram.
Frontal prolongation of head dark cinnamon brown,
narrowly brownish black beneath; nasus distinct, shortand stout.
Antennm with scape and pedicel obscureyellow, flagellum light brown; flagellar segments simple,
cylindrical, the outer segments progressively shorter;
vertieils short and inconspicuous. Head above light grey
pruinose mediMly, infuseated on sides.
Cervical sclerites and pronotum light yellow, the scutumwith a small brown central spot. Mesonotal prmscutumwith the disk chiefly occupied by four brownish grey
stripes, the intermediate pair separated b y a pair ofdelicate blackish vittse that become paler and fi:nallyobsolete behind; posterior interspaces brownish grey,
the anterior interspaces and lateral margins of the stripes
dark brown; lateral prseseutal borders broadly lightyellow; posterior sclerites of notum chiefly brownish
grey, each scutal lobe with a more reddened spot ; parascutella yellow; lateral borders of mediotergite testaceous
yellow. Pleura and pleurotergite light yellow, with anarrow but conspicuous dark brown longitudinal stripe
extending from posterior portion of head to the wingroot and dorsal pleurotergite, gently widened behind.
galteres infuscated, the base of stem narrowly brightened,knob dark brown. Legs with all eoxse and trochanters
yellow ; femora brownish yellow, the tips rather narrowly
blackened and feebly enlarged ; remainder of legs obscurebrownish yellow, the tarsi passing into brownish black:claws (male) toothed. Wings with a brownish tinge,
the costal border more suffused, including also the prearcular field, the darkening involving about the proximal
halves of cells R and M; stigma brown ; a nm:row brown
seam over m - c u ; veins reddish brown to brown. Venat, ion :Petiole of cell M~ a little longer than m; m - c u at near
three-fifths Ma+4; cell Ma unusually broad, n~-cu being
as long as or slightly longer than the distal section of C~ ~.
Abdomen with the basal tergites obscure reddish
brown medially, with broad darker brown sublateral
stripes that widen, behind, the central pale vitta becoming
narrower and more obscured ; lateral, tergal borders grey ;basal sternites yellow; outer segments, including hypopygium, more uniformly darkened. Male hypopygimn wit}lNew or gittle-knotct~ Ttpuhda ~.

~37

the tergite narrow, tile caudal border with a deep andnarrow U-shaped notch, the much broader |ateral lobes
parallel-sided, their tips obliquely truncated with' theouter angles farthest produced: seta~ of tergite longest
beibre the lobes but not fbrming distinct brushes; set~eof the lobes short, sparse and pale. Outer dististyle broad,the tip very obtuse, the length not exceeding two andone-half times the greatest width. Inner dististyle aaearly simple straight rod that is expanded on outer
third into a slightly developed decurved head, the tip
obtuse and without points. Eighth sternite with very
conspicuous marginal lobes that are slightly divergent,clothed with dense long brownish yellow setm.
Hab. China (Kwangtung).
ttolotyl)e, ~, Chen Wo Tung, near Sam Kok Shan,
Lung Moon District, June 3, 1938 (T,sz Hal) ; purchasedfrom E. R. Tinkh~m.
Among the various regional species, the present fly~ppears closest to Ctenae~'oscelis herculeanus Alexander,
differing from this and from all other described species
by the quite distineg male hypopygium, partieularly~he tergite and inner dististyle.

Tipula (Oreomyza ) subnata, sp. n.
Size relatively large (wing, rome, ] 9 mm.) ; mesonotal
pr~escutum yellow with four stripes that are borderedby darker; antennae with basal three segments yellow,
the succeeding segments bieoloured ; femora obscure yellow,
the tips blackened; wings yellow, the preareular andcostal fields bright yellow, the surface marbled withbrow~; male hypopygium with the basistyle produced
c~udad into a powerful arm, posterior end of inner dististyle produced into a slender tail-like blade; ninth ster~fite beneath with a strong brush of blackened set,~e oneither side of the midline.
Malc.--Length about 17 ram. ; wing 19 ram. ; antenna
about 5 ram.
Frontal prolongation of head moderately long, exceeding one-half the remainder of head, brownish yellow
above, darker on ventral halt'; basal two segments of
pMpi obscure yellow, outer segments broken. Antenna~(male) relatively long; basal three segments yellow, succeeding segments bieoloured, yellow, the relatively small

438

Dr. C. P. Alexander onbasal enlargements brownish black; longest verticils subequal in length to the segments. Head with anteriorvertex yellow pollinose', with a small brown spot at summit of the entire vertical tubercle ; head somewhat morepruinose behind, darker on the sides.
Pronotum obscure yellow, variegated with brown.
Mesonotal prmscutum with the interspaces yellow, thedisk with four stripes, the intermediate pair brownish
grey in front, separeted by a broad grey central virtu;
lateral stripes dark grey, the anterior end narrowly bordered by brown; scutum brownish grey, each lobe withtwo brown spots; scutellum brownish grey, more brightened basally, with a darker central line, parascutellapale ; mediotergite chiefly yellowish grey pollinose. Pleurg
and pleurotergite chiefly yellowish grey; dorsopleural
membrane buffy. Halteres with stem obscure yellow,
base of knob d~rk brown, apex obscure yellow.
Legswith eoxm yellow, sparsely grey pruinose; trochanters
yellow; femora obscure yellow, the tips blackened,
the amount subequal on all legs, including about the
distal eighth~ tibim yellow to brownish yellow, the tips
narrowly and weakly more darkened ; tarsi brown ; claws(male) toothed. Wings with the ground yellow, the prearcular and costal fields clear bright yellow, especiallycell Sc ; a pale brown marbled pattern, the chief darkenings as follows : Post-arcular in bases of cells R and i~1 ; asmall oval spot at origin of R s ; cord and outer radial
field; basad of cord with other extensive pale brownwashes in outer end of cell M, outer half of cell 1st A ,interrupted by two pale spots, and a spot at midlengthof cell 2nd A which is otherwise yellow; veins brown,
yellow in the brigbtened fields. Venation: Sc,~ endinga short distance beibre fork of Rs, in alignment with thestraight R2+:~ ; R~+~ entire, yellow ; cell 1st M~ relatively
long; petiole of cell 3I 1 a little longer than m ; m-c,~ atnear three-fourths M:~+4.
Abdominal tergites yellow, the basal segments slightly
trivittate with brown, the central stripe very pale, sublateral stripes darker, nal~owly broken at the posteriorborders of the segments, the extreme lateral borders
yellowish grey, sternites yellow; seventh to ninth segments blackened. Male hypopygium with the suture
between the tergite and sternite deep ; suture of basistyleNew or little-k'l~own Tipulidm.
complete. Ninth tergite large, the dorsal surface divided
into two halves by a pale median furrow; each outer
lateral angle produced caudad into a blackened point,
the tip obtuse ; a more vent.ral pale median lobule. Entire
outer end of basistyte produced eaudad into a vel;v longand powerful arm or blade, the tip weakly dilated, trnn-cated to obtuse. Ninth sternite on either side of midlinc
behind the basistyle with a strong brush oi' pencil of
blackened setm, directed ventrad and caudad. Outerdististyle elongate, approximately six times as long as
the greatest width, provided with very long setm.
Inner dististyle with the beak a black compressed-flattened cleaver-like blade ; opposite end of style produced
into a more slender tail-like blade, the tip obtuse ; dorsal
crest very low ; at base of style o1' on the adjacent portion(~f the basistyle with a further slender curved rod, on its
outer half with several long pale set~e.
Hab. China (Fukien).
Holotype, c~, Ta-chu-lan, altitude 1500 metres, May
I 8, 1948 (Joseph Fu) ; Alexander Collection through Chao.
There are rather nmnerous regionM species having
tt ~omewhat comparable body and wing pattern, including Tipula (Oreomyza,)arisa~ensis Alecander, T. (0.)
foliacea Alexander, and various others. The male hypopygium of the present fly is entirely distinctive.

Tipula (Oreomyza) ina~quifurca, sp. n.
Mesonotum grey, the pr~escutum with four dark brownish grey stripes; antennae with scape and pedicel paleyellow, the basal flagellar segments weakly bicoloured;femora with an obscure yellow ring before the blackened
tip ; wings yellow, marbled with pale brown ; male hypopygium with the upper tergal lobes pale, finger-like ; apicalrod of basistyle yellow, forked near apex into two unequM spines.
Male.--Length about 16 ram. ; wing 18 ram. ; antenna
about 3"3 ram.
Frontal prolongation of head yellow above, dark brownon sides and beneath: nasus conspicuous; palpi darkbrown. Antennw~ with scape and pedicel pale yellow;
first flagellar segment brownish yellow, succeeding segments dark brown, the spaces of the more proximM
segments pale to produce a weakly bicoloured appearance ;440

Dr. C. P. Alexander o nbasal enlargements of segments of moderate size ; longest
verticils a trifle shorter than tile segments. Head above
yellow, more pruinose behind, the posterior vertex witha capillary brown vitta.
Mesonotum with the ground colour grey, the prmseutumwith four dark brownish grey stripes, the intermediate pair
separated only by a vague pale capillary line that is better
indicated behind ; borders of stripes, especially the inner
margin of the lateral pair, still darker; posterior sclerites
of notum grey, the scuta] lobes darker grey; scutellum
with a narrow dark central line ; post notum greyish yellow
pollinose. Pleura of type crushed, apparently chiefly
grey pruinose ; dorsoplem:al region yellow. Halteres withstem obscure yellow, knob brownish black. Legs withthe coxse pale, grey pruinose : trochanters yellow - femora
yellow banally, passing into brown, the tips brownish
black, preceded by a subequal clearer yellow ring; tibize
and tarsi dark brown: claws (male) toothed.
"firings
yellowish, marbled with pule brown ; stigma still darker
brown ; cells C and Sc uniformly yellow, the latter a trifle
more intensely so; cells beyond cord chiefly pale brown
except for a poststigmal yellow band and a brightening
in outer end of celt Rs ; basad of cord the yellow and pale
brown area a.re subequal in extent, the ]a.tter including
a postarcular mark and zigzag bands at level o~ originof Rs and at the cord ; veins brown, R~+~ and Sc moreyellowed. Venation : Rs' about two and one-half times
m - c u ; R~.+2 entire; petiole of cell Mt and m subequal;m - c u at fork of M.
Abdomen with the basal segments brownish yellow,
the tergites broadly pale brown medially; sublateral
stripes less distinct, broken: lateral terga] margins grey
prumose; outer fbur segmenbs, inclnding hypopygimn,
uniformly blackened. Male hypopygium with the ninth
tergite in the form of a dorsal plate that terminates in
two pale finger-like lobes, these and the caudal emargination between provided with abundant relatively shortsetze ; ventrad oI these on either side with a broader andmore flattened glabrous plate, the margins blackened.
Apex of basistyle on outer angle with a small blackened
spinous point, the corresponding inner angle with a slender arm, at apex na~Towing at a right, angle into a blackened point. Outer dististyle large, not quite a~: long as

New or ltttle-known Tipulid~e.

441

the inner style, provided with abundant relatively short
black setse. Inner dististyl e chiefly blackened, appearing
as a little-modified, slightly curved plate that narrows
gradually to the stout beak, the lower beak lacking; atbase of style and evidently arising separa.tely is a longyellow rod, dilated at base, thence sin uo,~sly narrowed,
terminating in a long straight black spine, with a muchsmaller point on margin back from the tip ; outer surfaceof rod with scattered long pale setm. Eighth sternite
simple.
Hab. China (Fukien).
Holotype, ~, Upper Kuatm~, altitude, 6000 feet, May
I, 1948 (Joseph Fu).
The present fly is so similar to Tipuh~ (Oreomyza) distifurca Alexander, of the Punjab, india, that the two may
well be found to represent races of a single species having
an mmsually wide range. The chief distinctions lie inslight details of coloration and strnctures in the malehypopygium.

Pedicia (Tricyphona) tachulanica, sp. n.
Size relatively small (wing, male, S ram.); generalcoloration grey, the pr~eseutum with three brown stripes ;wings with a strong brownish tinge ; petiole of cell R~ very
:short ; cell I st M~ long ; rome hypopygium with the caudal
margin unequally trilobed, the lateral lobes longer andnarrower; ventral face of basistyle with a slender lobe
that is tipped with numerous blackened pegs; dististy]ea long slender sinuous rod.
Male.--Length about 8 ram. ; wing S ram. ; antenna~bout 1 ram.
Rostrum brownish grey ; palpi dark brown. Antennae(male) 15-segmented, short, as s h o w n by the measurements, brownish black throughout ; ~lagcllar segments
subcylindrical, shorter than the vertieils.
Head darkgreyish brown" anterior vertex tumid.
Thorax chiefly grey, the prmscutum with ~hree brown
stripes, t.he broad median one narrowly hordered bystill darker brown; centers of scutal lobes infuscated.
Pleura blackened, grey pruinose ; dorsopleural membranedusky. Halteres elongate, the stem yellow, knob broken.
Legs with the eoxm light grey pruinose; trochantersobscure yellow ; remainder of legs brownish black. Wings

442

Dr. C. P. Alexander o,n,with a strong brownish tinge, the stigma not or scarcely
differentiated; a vague dusky streak in cell R, crossing~'-m into the base of cell Ra ; veins brown. Venation : Sc,~at near three-fifths the distance between arculus and originof Rs, the latter relatively long, only a little shorter
than Re+ 3 and only slightly areuated at origin; vein R 2
slightly oblique, a little less than Rl+e; ~-m beyond
midlengt.h of R4+,~, the petiole of cell R4 t,hus very short,less than one-half r-m ; cell lst 21t~ long, with m on vein
M 2 more than one-half its own length beyond base ; m-ca
beyond midlength of M:~+j : cell 2nd A relat,ively narrow.
Abdomen elongate, brownish black, including hypopygium. Male hypopygium with the tergite transverse,
the median region produced into a low lobe t h a t is provided with coarse setm, the lateral lobes much longer
and more slender. Basistyle at apex produced into a
stout lobe that is set with numerous blackened pegs;
on ventral face of style with a conspicuous more slenderlobe, its apical margin likewise provided with comparable
pegs: interbase a slender spine from ~n expanded hase,the latter with a few microscopic set~e. Dististyle a long
slender sinous rod, strongly bent near base, the remainder
nearly straight, the tip obtuse.
Hab. China (Fukien).
Holotype, d~, Ta-chu-lan, ~ltitude 1500 metres, March
28, 1948 (Joseph Fu).
This very distinct fly seems most nearly related to
species such as the Japanese Pedicia (Tricyphona) optabills Alexander and the western Nearctic P. (T.) uniffera
Alexander, differing from all known species in the structure of the male hypopygimn, particularly the hasistyleand dististylc.

Dicranota ( Eudicranota ) ci,rc,ipunctata, sp. n.
General coloration pale whitish yellow; mesonotumwith six marginal black spots, four of which lie on thepr~escutum; legs whitened, the tips of the femora andtibiae narrowly dark brown; wings whitish subhyaline,with a very restricted dark pattern; R,s a ngulated atorigin ; cell M 1 about three times its petiole ; m-cu nearly
one-half its length beyond the fork o f M ; abdomen obscureyellow, vaguely patterned with brown.
Female.--Length about 6 ram. ; wing 6.2 ram.

New or tittle-known Tipulida.

443

k o s t r u m and palpi pale yellow. Antenna 15-segmented,
pale yellowish brown; verticils and segments subequalin length. Head pale yellow.
Thorax uniformly pale whitish yellow, the dorsum
variegated around the margin with six black spots ofwhich two lie on either side of the pr~escutum, the third
on the outer end of each scutal ]obe; pleura, with two
t~ea,rly contiguous similar dark areas on the suture
between the anepisternum and sternopleurite. Halterespale, the apex of knob weakly darkened. Legs whitened,
the tips of the femora and tibia narrowly dark brown ;outer tarsal segments weakly infuscated. Wings whitish
subhyMine, the stigma slightly more yellowed, lying
between the transverse veins in cell Rj; ~. very restricteddark pattern, most evident as a deepening in eolour ofthe veins, as tbllows : Sc 2 ; Rs ; cord ; supemnmera4'y crossvein in cell R~ ; Re and outer end of cell 1st M~, the remaining veins paler brown, those in the prearcular fieldlight yellow. Venation: Rs angulated at origin; superuumerary crossvein in cell R 1 just before the end of vein
Sc~ ; cell M~ three times its petiole; cell 1st M e closed ;m-c~, nearly one-half its length beyond the fork of M.
Abdomen obscure yellow, the tergites vaguely patternedwith pale brown, this including the lateral and caudal
borders of the segments, becoming more extensive outwardly, the apex of abdomen uniformly pale brown;
cerci conspicuously darkened.
Hab. China (Fukien).
Holotype, _~, Ta-chu-lan~ altitude 1500 metres, May
27, 1948 (Joseph Fu).
The most similar described species is Dicra't+ota (Eudicranota) dicranotoides Alexander, which has the entire
thorax unpatterned and differs in further details of color:zLtion of the legs and wings. The most recent key to thesubgenera of Dicranota is one b y Alexander, Arkiv fbr
Zoologi, 42A, N o . 2 : 1 7 - 1 8 ; 1 9 4 9 .
Hexatoma (Eriocera) 8uberecta, sp. n.

Size relatively large (wing, male, 16 a m . ) ; generalcoloration black with a grey pruinosity ; prmscutum withthree black stripes, the median one broad; antenna,
halteres and legs brown to black; wings with a strong
brownish tinge, the costal border still darker brown;
stigma dark brown ; veins beyond cord chiefly glabrous

444

Dr. C. P. Alexander o nvein R,~+3+a suberect at origin, about three-fifths R2+ 3 ;R8 in longitudinal alignment with vein R~a; cell M 1
present ; abdominM segments without differentiated basal
rings.
Male.--Length about 15 ram. ; wing ltl ram. ; a.ntenna
about 4.5 mm.
gostrum light brown, relatively short, strongly constrieted at base ; palpi black. A n t e n n a (male) %segmented,
of moderate length, being nearly one third the lengthof body, brown ; first flagellar segment only a little longer
than the second but stouter; flagellar segments threeand four subequal, both longer than the second ; terminal
segment about one-fourth the penultimate; all flagellar
segments with coarse segae distributed over their whole
lengths. Head dark brown, more or less pruinose, thelow entire vertieM tubercle darker.
Pronotum brown. ~Iesonotal praeseutum with theground greyish yellow pruinose, with three black stripes,
the broad median one en.ding some distance before thesuture; posterior selerites of notum chiefly blackened,sparsely pruinose. Pleura, and plem~otergit.e blackened,sparsely pruinose. Halt,eres short, dark brown. Legs
brownish black, co.xee sparsely pruinose. Wings with astrong brownish tinge, the costal border, including cells
C and Sc, with the marginal radial field, still darker brown ;stigma oval, dark brown; veins brown. Veins beyond
cold chiefly glabrous, with restricted series of triehia
on Rl+f~, outer end of R:, ~n.d R4+.~, the medial branches
glabrous. Venation : Scj. ending about opposite one-third
the length, of R.,+3, So., nearly opposite the tbrk of R.~+a.i.~,Sc~ alone thus moderately elongate, approximately onethird R,,+a ; J]~+~ less than twice R:~; l?s long, nearlysqua.re at, origin, in longitudinal atignmel~t with R~;
Re+:~+4subereet, about three-fifths R.~+;;; cell M 1 present,
shorter than its petiole ; m-cu about, one-third its length
beyond the fork of M.
Abdomen dark brown to brownish black, the hypopygium more reddish brown ; segments uniformly opaque,without differentiated basal rings.
Hab. China (Fukien).
Holotype, (~, Kien-o to Feng-lo, May 21, 1941 (f/'. Maa) ;returned to Professor Maa.
The fly superficially resembles ilexatoma, (Eriocera)
cantonensis Alexander and allied species, differing inNew or little-known Tipulidee.

445

the coloration oi the body and wings, the venation andtrichiation of the wing veins.

Hexatoma (Erioccra) celc,~ti,~siv~a, Sl:).1/.
Allied to (~bdominalis ; general coloration velvety blackand orange, the thorax black with at least the seutellum
orange, in the female the yellow pattern of the notum
more extensive ; antennse of male relatively long, approximately three-fourths the wing : legs black throughout ;abdomen moderately dilated in both sexes, segments
two to five orange with their posterior borders black;
subterminal segments uniformly black; genital segmentsof both sexes fiery orange.
MaIe.--Length about 16-20 ram. " wing ] 3-15-5 ram. ;antenna about 9-] 2.5 ram.
Female.--Length M)out 20-22 ram. ; wing 15-1.6 ram. ;antenna about ~.2-4.5 ram.
Rostrum light brown above, darker on sides; palpi
black. A~tenn~e of male 7-segmented= of female t0-segmented, in male elongate, approximately three-fourths
the wing, in female much shorter; antennse dark brown
1.hroughout : ,~]agellar segments of ma]e very long-cylindrical, with scattered slender s:etse throughout the length,
in female the vestiture approximately similar but appearing longer because of the shorter segments. Head black,the centre of vertex obscure deep orange, the amountmore restricted in male ; vertical tubercle entire.
Pronotum medially above deep orange, the sides blackened. Mesonotum deep velvety black, in male with only,
the seute]lum orange, in female with the scutum, s t a t e ] lure and most of the mediotergite of this colour ; vestituresmall and sparse. Pleura and pleurotergite black. Halteresshort, black. Legs black throughout. Wings tinged witho'rev the disk slightly more yellowed- veins yellowish
brown. Veins glabrous, t~hose beyond cord including
restricted series on veins Rj+s, R~, and with one or twotriehia on R:~. Venation: Cell Mj lacking; ~ - c u abont<me-half its length beyond the t0rk of M.
Abdomen relatively widened in both sexes, bicoloured ;segments two to f~ve with ,*he bases orange, the caudal
borders intensely black, the pattern extended farther
cephaled on the sides of the segments and less so on the
median portion : segments six and most of five uniformly
b!aek; genital segment,s in both sexes fiery orange. Ill

446

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

thc i)aratype males of this series, the ()range colour of
the abdomen is more reduced: appearing as restricted
patches on the sides of the basal rings of the segments.
Hab. China (Kwangtung).
Holotype~, ~, Sam Kok Shah, Lung Moon District,.)une ]6, ]938 (Hai Tsz). Allotype, ~, Sha Lo Sham Sun
Fung District, ,July 9, 1938 (Hal Tsz). Pa~'atypes, ~',Shek Moon Shui Hau, Sha Lo Sham July 22, ] 938 ; Tung
Sum Tung, Sha Lo Shan, July 17. 1938 (Hal Tsz).
The present fly is related to Hexatoma (E.Hocera~.bdominali,s' (Alexander) and H. (E.) scalator (Alexander),as well as to the western Chinese H. (E.) platyson~a Alexander. All members of the group have the abdomen conspicuously dil~ted and cell M~ of the wings lacking. The
three species listed have the wings nmch more strongly
blackened than is the ease in the present fly. In abdomi~.alis, the tbre and middle t~.mora are yellow, with thet;ips narrowly blackened, the posterior t~morn black;in scalator, the macrotrichia of the wing veins are more
numerous, the abdominal pattern different, and thegenital shield of the female is black. It is unfortunatethat the length of the antennae of the male sex is notknown in the cases of the two species listed ; in the present
fly these are of a length that is most unusual in the entire
genus, where the organ is either short in both sexes orgreatly lengthened in the male.

He.xatoma (EriQc~e~'a) ~os, sp. n.
Size large (wing, male, 16 ram.); general coloration
reddish ()range, the surface opaque; antennae (male)~'elatively short; halteres and legs black: wings broad,strongly blackened, veins virtually glabrous; abdominal
tergites orange, the posterior borders narrowly blackeued, more extensively so on the outer segments.
Male.--Length about 21 mm. ; wing ] 6 × 5 . 7 ram. ;~ntenna about 3.3 ram.
l~ostrum and palpi black, the former very short. Antennae (male) 8-segmented, relatively short; scape ~nd
pedicel dull reddish, flagellum black; flagellar segments
cylindrical, with relatively short inconspicuous verticils.
Head deep reddish ; anterior vertex weakly quadrituberculate, including low lateral tubercles adioining the eyes

New or little-known Tipulidze.

44 7

and a pair of slightly more pointed int, ermediate t.ubereles.
Pronotum deep reddish. Mesonotum uniformly reddish orange, t,he pr~seut,a.1 stripes scarcely differentiatedfrom the ground, split by a capillary more yellowish vitta :pr~eseutal vestiture sparse and inconspicuous. Pleura
deep reddish, the dorsopleural membrane more infuseated.
Halteres short, brownish black. Legs with all eox~ reddish; troehanters dark brown; remainder of legs black,
only the bases of the fore femora restrictedly obscureyellow. Wings broad, strongly blackened, the base andcostal region more so ; veins brown. Veins beyond cord,
excepting R~+z and Rs, virtually glabrous. Venation:
Se 1 ending just beyond level of/?2, 'b'cl relatively short,
subequM to R~ i-.~; R,~,, and R2+a ~.~subequal, longer thanR2+ a ; R,,: about one-half longer than R ; cell M~ lacking ;cell 1st M~ about equal to distal section of vein M a ; m-e~.
~t near two-fifths the length of cell 1st M 2.
Abdomen moderately long, stout, but not dilated asin cbdo~n.i.~ali,~ and allies; opaque orange, the posteriorborders of the segments blackened, very narrow on thefirst tergite, more extensive on the succeeding segments,on the sixth and seventh segments the dark eolour muchwidened, with only the basal rings nm:rowly orange;sternites orange, conspicuous brownish black mediallybehind, the elour involving more than one-half the lengthof the segment, on the third and succeeding segments
narrowly reddened, seventh and eighth sternites uniformly orange ; hypopygium small, dark brown.
Hab. China (Fukien).
Holot?lije, d, Tao-shui, ,Inne 11, 1942 (T. Maa) ; ret.urned to Proie.ssor Maa.
In its broad, strongly blackened wings the present
fly suggests Hcxato~ta (Eriocero) .scalator (Alexander)and other members of the abdominalis group, but therelationship is presumably not very close. In the ~bovementioned species the thorax is chiefly velvety blackwith the scutellum and nearby areas restrietedly orange.
He.~:~tomc~ (Eriocera) fl~acida., sp. n.

General coloration grey, the prmseutum with threemcdimn brown ill-defined stripes; antennae (male) elongate, subeqnal to the body, the flagellar segments with

448

Dr. C. P. Alexander o n

relatively few long scattered bristles: legs pale yellowish
brown ; wings with a weak yellowish grey tinge: virt,lally
unpatterned except tor the pale brown stigma; veins
beyond cord virtually glabrous ; abdomen brownish black,
without differentiated basal rings on the tergites; malehypopygium large.
Ma./e.--Length about 8.5 ram. ; wing .q.a mm. : antenna
about 8-5 ram.
Rostrum light brown; paipi dark brown. Antennm(male) 7-segmented, inelnding a short, terminal one, theorgan suhequal in length to the entire body, brown;
first three flagellar segments each slightly and progressively longer, the fourth more evidently lengthened;vestiture of basal two tlagellar segments sparse, the major
bristles few and scattered ; third and succeeding flagellar
segments with abundant appressed black setae over theirlengths. Head brownish grey : vertical tubercle large andconspicuous, bulbous, entire.
Thorax chiefly grey, the praesentum with three medium
brown ill-defined stripes; posterior selerites lighter grey,
the caudal portion of the mediotergite darker; thoracic
interspaees with scattered erect white setee; dorsoplenra]
membrane dusky. Halteres with stem obscure yellow,
knob darker brown. Legs with the eoxae, dark brown,
pruinnse ; troehanters yellowish brown : remainder of legs
pale yellowish brown, the tarsi not or scarcely darker.
Wings with a weak yellowish grey tinge, virtuallyunpatterned except fnr the short-oval pale brown stigma ;veins hrown, with faint indications of darker sea.ms.
Veins beyond cord, excepting R~+ 2 and R> glabrous;
outer medial veins weM{ to subevaneseent. Venation:Nc~ ending about opposite two-fifths .R,,+a+4, S% alone
subequal to .R~+,, and slightly longer than R 2 ; R2+ a nearly
equM to R~ ~ R~+a+~ straight., nearly three times the basal
section of R s ; Rs long, about equal to the thll length ofRa; cell Ist Mo. shorter than vein M,~; m-cu dose to forkof M, longer than the distal section of (/%.
Abdomen brownish black, the basal tergites vaguely
more reddened on disk; no differentiation of eolonr in
1he tergal rings ; hypopygium large, black.
Hab, China (thlkien).
tIolotype, ,,¢, Nan-ping to Kien-o, ~May 23, 1941 (SP. Maa) :returned to Professor Ms,a,

New or little-known Tipulid~e.

449

The present fly superficially resemb]es species such as
Hexatoma (Eriocem) in.~i(.tioa~ Alexander, differing fromthis and other similar forms in the details of colorationand venation. The elongate a,ntenn-ce are quite different
from those of all other similar forms where the male sex
is known.
Hexatoma (Erioccra) carinivertez, sp. n.

General coloration grey pruinose, the prmscntnm withthree confluent black stripes, the restricted interspaces
indicated only in front; head broad, light grey, the anterior vertex with a slight median carina ; antennae (female)
7-segmented, the first flagellar longer than all outer segments combined; wings broad, light brown, the veinsindistinctly seamed with slightly darker brown; Sc 1 and
S% subequal in length ; m ~ u at near mid]ength of M3+ ~;abdomen dark reddish brown, the surface opaque.
Female.--Length about l0 mm. ; wing 11.5X 5 ram. ;antenna about 2.4 ram.
Rostrum short, dark brown; palpi elongate, brown,slightly pMer ~t the incisures.
Antennae (female)
7-segmented, short,, dark brown throughout ; first fiagellar
segment elongate, exceeding all the outer remaining segments together; succeeding three segments progessively
shorter, the terminal segment very reduced, thimbleshaped, scarcely one-fifth a,s long as the penultimate;flagellar segments with long coarse set~e. Head broad,light grey, clearest adjoining the eyes; anterior vertex
bro~d with a low tubercle that is fnrther elevated intoa low median earina that continues back onto tile posterior vertex, becoming lower and finally obsolete behind.
Pronotum black, grey pruinose. Mesonotal prsescutumwith three confluent polished black stripes, the anterior
interspaces and lateral borders more brownish grey;
posterior selerites of notunl black, sparsely pruinose.
Pleura and pleurotergite more heavily pruinose; dorsopleural membrane darkened. Halteres infuscated. Legs
with the cox~e light grey; troehanters n~edium brown:
remainder of legs dark brown. Wings broad, as shownby the measurements; ground-eolour light brown, theveins brown, seamed with slightly darker brown to prodace a vaguely streaked appearance. Veins beyond cord
Ann. & Mat. ~'at. Hist. Set, !2. VoI. ii.
29

450

Dr. C. P. Alexander o~with abundant macrotriehia. Venation : Se I ending opposite midlength of R2+3+ 4, Sc.2 at its tip, subequal to or alittle longer than Sc 1 alone ; Rs nearly three times R2+a+ 4
alone, the latter about one-third longer than the basal
section of R.~; RI+ 2 nearly three times R2; cell 1st M eabout as long as distal seeetion of vein M a ; m-cu at near
midlength of M3+ 4 ; vein 2nd A nearly straight.
Abdomen dark reddish brown, the caudal borders of
the segments very narrowly grey; all segments opaque,without differentiated basal rings ; pleural region darkened.
Genital shield dark ; valves of ovi]~ositor long and slender.
Hab. China (Fukien).
Holotype, 9, Ta-chu-lan, altitude ]500 metres, April
30, 1948 (Joseph Fu).
This fly superficiMly resembles species such as Hexatoma (Eriocera) insidiosa Alexander b u t is quite distinct
from this and all other generally similar plain-coloured
forms, as shown b y the diagnostic characters listed above.
Hexatoma (Eriocera) urania, sp. n.
Mesonotum chiefly polished black, only the restrictedinterspaces more pruinose ; legs uniformly brownish black ;wings dark brown, the Anal cells abruptly paler ; a nearlytransverse white crossband before cord, extending fromR to midwidth of cell Cu ; mor'e obscure yellow marks incell R before and beyond the origin of Rs ; veins beyond
cord with abundant trichia ; abdominal tergites bico]oured,
the basal rings polished nacreous, the posterior borders
velvety black; genital shield bright yellowish orange.
Female. Length about 13 ram. ; wing l ] ram. ; antenna
about 2.5 ram.
I~ostrum and palpi (]ark brown. Antennae of female]0-segmented, brown, the scape even darker; flagellar
segments long-cylindrical, with scattered relatively shol~-.
vertici]s. Head p]umbeous ; vertical tubercle low.
Pronotum light brown. :~iesonotum chiefly polished
black, the restricted prmscuta] interspaces slightly morepruinose; mediotergite somewhat more heavily pruinose.
Pleura dark brown; dorsopleural region darkened. HaL
tcres short, infi~scated. Legs brownish black throughout.
Wings with a dark brown ground, the Anal cells abruptly
paler, more greyish; a nearly transverse narrow whiteerossband before the cord, i t s outer edge at the fork of
Rs. extending from vein R to just beyond midwidth of

N e w or little-known Tipulidse.

451

cell Cu, not attaining the posterior border; m o r e obscureyellow spots in cell R before and beyond the origin of
R~' and in cell Sc 1 beyond vein Sc 2 ; cells C and Sc brownish yellow ; one wing of type shows a whitened spot incell M 4 ; veins chiefly light brown, including those in thewhite band. Veins beyond cord with abundant macrotrichia. Venation : Sc 1 ending almost opposite the nearlytransverse R~, Sc 1 elongate, about twice R2; Rs moderately long, about one-third longer than R; R2+3+4 about
twice R2+ 3 or subequal to R 2 ; basal section of R 5 about
one-hMf longer than R2+3+4 ; cell 1st M 2 smM1, pentagonal,
M3+ 4 nearly one-hMf M~ ; m-cu far distad, at fork of M3+ ~.
Abdominal tergites bicoloured, the basal rings polishednacreous, the posterior borders broadly velvety black,occupying approximately one-half of each segment;
sternites more uniformly dark brown ; genital shield brightyellowish orange ; eerci elongate, horn-yellow.
Itab. China (Kwangtung).
Holotype, ~, Sha Lo Shan, Sun Fung District, July 9,1938 (T.sz Hal) ; purchased from E. 1~. Tinkham.
The most similar species include Hexatoma (Eriocera)ambrosia Alexander, having the legs chiefly yellow anddiffering in still other regards, and the two closely interrelated species H. (E.) hoffmanni Alexander and H. (E.)
terryi (Alexander), both of which have the distal palearea of the wings obscure yellow and snore oblique inposition.
CIadura (Cladura ) .ftdvidor~ata, sp. n.
Me,~onotum clear fulvous, without markings ; antennm
black throughout; head dark grey; legs brown, the femortal ba.~'ts snore yellowed ; wings with a weak brownish
tinge, the stigma slightly indicated.
Female.--Length about 8.5 ram.; wing I0.6 ram.;antenna about 2-2 mm.
Rostrum brown ; palpi black. Antennae black throughout; flagellar segments subcylindrical, subequal to or
longer than the verticils; two segments involved in thefusion-segment, the union complete. Head dark grey.
Pronotum brown, more greyish brown on sides. Mesonotmn clear fulvous, without pattern. Pleura dark brown,
sparsely pruinose, variegated with obscure yellow, especially along the suture between the mesepisternum andmesepimeron. HMteres with stem pale, the base restricredly yellow, knob weakly infllscated, Legs with the fore
29 ~

452

Dr. C. P. Alexander oncox~e infuseated, the others obscure yellow; trochanters
yellow; remainder of legs brown,femora darker outwardly,
the bases more yellowed. Wings with a weak brownish
tinge, the stigma, region vaguely and diffusely moredarkened; veins brown, those of the preareular fieldyellow. Venation: Scz ending nearly opposite R 2, Sc 2
just before fork of Rs, Sc 1 Mone subequal to m-cu ; //2+~+4
about one-third longer than R2+ 3 ; cell M~ deep, its petiole
subequal to or shorter than m; m-ca about oned~Mf to
two-thirds its length beyond the fork of M.
Abdomen dark brown, the genital segment abruptly
fulvous ; eerei strongly compressed, horn-yellow.
Hab. China (Fukien).
Holotype, O, Ta-ehu-lan, altitude 1500 metres, November 24, 1946 (Joseph, Fu) ; returned to Professor Maa.
The genus Cladura had not been recorded from continental China. The single known Formosan species,
Clad~tra (Cladura) taiwania Alexander, is entirely different in coloration, especially of the mesonotmn.
Gonomyia (Protogonomyia ) chaoi, sp. n.
General coloration uniformly dull black, including
the appendages; wings with a weak dusky tinge, thesmM1 stigma dark brown; male bypopygium with theouter dististyle a slender curved spine; inner dististyle
stout, with a group of long set~e at apex.
M a l e . - - L e n g t h about 5.5-6 mm. ; wing 7-7.5 ram.
Female.---Length about 5.5-6 ram. ; wing 6.5-7 ram.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black t.hroughout.
Head black.
Thorax uniformly dull black, only the anterior lateral pretergites more fulvous and the pleuraslightly more pruinose. Halteres short, black, the baseof stem narrowly brightened. Legs uniformly black.
Wings with a weak dusky tinge, the small elongate stigma
dark brown ; veins brownish black. Venation : Nc I ending
opposite fork of Rs, Sc.) far from its tip, Sc 1 alone approximately three-fifths Rs; petiole of cell 2nd M e shorter
than the arcuat~d r-m ; m-cu at tbrk of M.
Abdomen black, including the genitalia of both sexe,~.
Male hypopygium most like that of conflnenta, especiallythe outer dististyle, which is a slender curved spine inboth species; inner dististyle entirely different in thetwo species, in /;he present fly nmch stouter with a tuft
or group of long setm at apex" in confluenta this style isNew or little-known Tipulidm.

455

very slender, especially outwardly. In tienmuen6'i~', theouter dististyle is a stout blade, quite different irom thecondition found in the present fly and in confluenta.
1tab. China (Fukien).
Holotype, c~, Foochow, grounds of Fukien Christian
University, April 26, 1948 (H. F. Chao). Allotopotype, ~,April 7, 1948. Paratopotypes, 1 ~ with holotype, 2 ~with allotype.
I take unusual pleasure in naming this species for thecollector, Mr. Hsiu-fu Chao, to whom I am indebted formuch help in securing specimens and in correcting the
involved geographical nomenclature of China. At thistime, Mr. Chao is Teaching Fellow in Entomology at
the University of Massachusetts. The nearest relativesof the present fly are Gonomyia (Protogonomyia) con.fluenta Alexander and G. (P.) tienmuensis Alexander,
which are readily distinguished by hypopygial characters, as compared above.

LilJsoth.rix heitfeldi, sp. n.
Thorax almost uniformly dark liver-brown; antennm(male) elongate, exceeding one-third the length of wing,
the flagell~r verticils relatively short and inconspicuous;legs obscure yellow, the extreme tips of femora and tibiae
more darkened; wings with a weak brownish tinge, thecostal border narrowly darker brown ; Rs elongate, nearly
three times R~+3+4, the latter approxi~lately twice thebasal section of R 5, only feebly arcu~ted.
Male.--Length about 7.5 ram. ; wing about s.2 mm.
l%ostrum ~nd pa.lpi dark brown. Antennm (male) elongate ; outer segments broken but when entire the organ
is evidently ~bout 3.5 ram. in length, extending to or
beyond the base of abdomen, dark brown throughout;flagellar segments cylindrical, clothed with a dense whitepubescence, verticils relatively short and inconspicuous.
In ply;to, the antennm are longer, the pubescence of theflagellar segments coarse, the verticils long and conspicuous. Head dull brownish grey, the anterior vertex
more grey pruinose, approximately three times the diameter of scape.
Thorax almost uniformly dark liver-brown, the pretergites restrictedly obscure yellow; postnotmn morepruinose. Halteres infuscated, the base of stem narrowly

454

iV[essrs. C. W. and E. V. Wright onyellow. Legs with the coxm and trochanters yellow, the ibre
coxm slightly darker; remainder of legs obscure yellow.
the extreme tips of femor~ and tibiee more darkened;outer tarsal segments infuscated; claws (male) toothed.
Wings with a weak brownish tinge, the costal bordernarrowly darker brown, including cells C, Sc and thegeneral region of the stigma to vein R3; veins brown,base of Rs and the veins in the stigmal area paler. Vena~
tion : Sc~ ending shortly beyond fork of Rs, S% close to
its tip ; Rs elongate, nearly three times R.~+3+4,the latter
long, approximately twice the basal section of Rs, only
feebly arcuated ; cell 1st M e relatively small, M3+ 4 about
two-thirds vein M4; m-eu more than one-half its length
beyond the fork of M.
Abdomen, including hypopygium, dark brown.
Hab. China (Fukien).
Holotype, ~, Ta-chu-lan, altitude 1500 metres, April
26, 1948 (Joseph Fu).
This interesting crane-fly is named for P~re Ludwig
M. tteitfeld, of Sancta Maria de Fatima, Shaowu, to whom
we are much indebted ibr friendly co-operation in ourstudy of the Tipulidm of Fukien. The genus had not beenfound in eastern China though represented by a few
species in Japan and Formosa, and again in western
China. The present fly is generally similar to Lipsothrix
pluto Alexander, of the high mountains of Formosa,yet quite distinct in coloration and venation.
X X X V I I I . - - T h e Cretaceous Echinoid genera Infulaster
Desor and Hagenowia Duncan. By (~. W. 'WRIGtIT,
M.A., F.G.S., and E. V. Wmc~1~, M.B.E., M.A.

SUMMARY.
Tile Chalk Echinoids of the genera Infulaster andHagenowia are redescribed. Three published species ofInfulaster are regarded as synomyns of the genotypc
species. Two new species of Hagenowia are describedfrom the English Senonian. While InJ:uta~'te~" is held tobe an Echinocorythid of the subfamily Cardiasterinm,
Hagenowia is shown, by certain important structuralfeatures, to belong to tile curious family l~ourtalesiid~eof Loven. The phylogeny of the ibrms considered is also
discussed.