PG7000™ Series
Piston Gauges
Reference level pressure standards

The piston gauge’s fundamental operating
principle and excellent long term stability havemade it an indispensable tool in high accuracypressure metrology. As accuracy levels increase,quality assurance requirements intensify andautomation spreads through the workplace,the piston gauge must evolve to continue to fillits essential role in the measurement system.
PG7000, the first truly new, high end pistongauge introduced since the late 1970s, responds
to this challenge.
PG7000 development was undertaken withfour main inter-related design objectives:• Deliver real improvements in fundamental
metrological performance to assure thattoday’s—and tomorrow’s—ever increasing
accuracy requirements can be supported.
• Integrate automated monitoring of environmental and instrument operating conditions
with extensive on-board intelligence toTechnical Data

provide a modern stand alone instrumentthat outputs fully validated reference pressures, real time, through an intuitive operator
interface.
• Reduce—and when possible eliminate—theinfluence of the operator on measurements toassure more consistent performance.
• Improve piston gauge ergonomics for
greater operator satisfaction and increased
productivity.
The PG7000 design objectives were pursued
with the refinement of existing techniques,innovative new design, process improvements
and the thorough application of today's digitaland information processing technologies. The
result is a coherent line of piston gauges thatsets a new standard for both performance andusability, redefining the state of the art in highend pressure metrology.

General features
Integrated piston-cylinder metrologicalmodules
Each PG7000 piston-cylinder is an integrated
metrological assembly that includes the critical piston-cylinder mounting components. Tochange piston-cylinders, the complete module
is installed and removed from the piston gauge
mounting post. All of the mechanical parts that
affect piston-cylinder metrology
are associated with
the individual
piston-cylinder
rather thanbeing common
parts of thepiston gauge
platform. This
unique design
provides many
practical and metrological benefits.

Benefits• Change ranges (piston-cylinders) in seconds, without
using tools.
• Handle and interchange piston-cylinders without exposing critical surfaces to contamination.
• Protect the piston-cylinder from damage due to accidental
shock or impact when handling.
• Improve measurement reproducibility by avoiding frequent assembly/
disassembly of mounting components and assuring that eachpiston-cylinder is always used withthe same mounting hardware, evenwhen used in a different platform.
• Improve piston-cylinder mounting
design by allowing each mounting
system to be optimized for a pistoncylinder size and range rather than
accepting the compromises of asingle, interchangeable mounting
system.
Installing a piston-cylinder
moduleMass loading concentricity
Piston gauge performance is greatly affectedby piston-cylinder verticality and mass loading
concentricity. For optimum performance, thepiston-cylinder axis must be aligned as wellas possible with the acceleration due to gravity
and the mass load must be concentric with thepiston-cylinder axis.
Assuring piston-cylinder verticality andmass loading quality were key PG7000 design
objectives. Piston-cylinder module alignmentis established by the large diameter mating
surface between the mounting post and thepiston-cylinder module. The number of independent parts between the piston and mass load
has been reduced to two (the piston cap and themass loading bell). The piston head is effectively
made part of the piston by machining it after
installation concentrical to the piston within± 20 microns. PG7000 piston-cylinders haveexcellent mechanical characteristics but realizing their exceptional sensitivity and rotation
times would not be possible without the special
attention paid to alignment and mass loading
quality.

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PG7000™ Series Piston Gauges

Mass concentricity

Piston cap

Piston head
Mass loading bell

Mass

Integrated electronics, software andremote interfacing
PG7000 is a modern, digital instrument taking
full advantage of today’s sensor and data processing technologies supported by embedded
software, an integrated local user interface andstandard remote interfaces. Full feature operation is provided directly by the instrument itself
without retrofits, add-on modules or external
computers and software.
The electronics necessary for monitoring all
ambient and instrument conditions and functions
are integrated into the PG7000 platform. The display and keypad for the local operator are locatedon a compact terminal with the look and feel ofother DHI products. The system power supplies
are also contained in the terminal to remove theirheat source from the PG platform.
Embedded software supports extensive onboard functions: displaying individual ambientcondition variables and PG operating parameters—storing and recalling piston-cylinder andmass set metrological data—calculating fullycompensated pressure to mass and mass topressure values including all influences and headcorrections—providing an objective, performancebased go/no go indication of conditions for valid
measurement.

PG platform

Rear connections

PG terminal

Electronics

Cover panel

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Electronics

PG7000™ Series Piston Gauges

Local operator interaction with the PG7000, as withother modern test instruments, is through an integrated
keypad and alphanumeric display not requiring an
external computer or software. The keypad is function
driven allowing rapid, intuitive operation. In addition,
both RS-232 and IEEE 488 interfaces with extensive,
fully documented, ASCII string commands are included forremote communication.

On-board measurement of operating
conditions
PG7000 includes integrated on-board measurement of all the ambient and operating conditions
needed to calculate pressure within tolerance.
These include:• Relative humidity: capacitance sensor on
PG platform rear panel.
• Barometric pressure: internal piezoresistive
sensor or by remote interfacing with any
RS-232 barometer.
• Ambient temperature: platinum resistancethermometer mounted on PG platform rear
panel.
• Piston-cylinder temperature: platinum
resistance thermometer embedded in pistoncylinder mounting post.
• Reference vacuum (PG7601 only): piranni
gauge integrated directly under bell jar
vacuum plate.
The individual measurements can beobserved real time, both locally through the
PG Terminal and remotely over the RS-232 orIEEE 488 interface.
Provision for verification and recalibration of
the on-board sensors is included and supported
by PG7000’s embedded software.

PG terminal display of ambient conditions
1

3

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PG7000™ Series Piston Gauges

4

1. Barometric pressure
2. Ambient temperature
3. Ambient relative humidity
4. Local gravity

PG terminal display of piston behavior

Monitoring piston behavior
Precise information on piston behavior is
indispensable to achieving best performancewith a high accuracy piston gauge. Piston position and fall rate are important to assure thepiston is at the proper point in its stroke andfalling at its natural rate. Piston rotation ratemonitoring, though frequently ignored, is also
very important to assure consistent operating
conditions and detect possible piston-cylinder
contamination.
PG7000 measures and provides real time
indication of:• Piston position• Piston drop rate
• Piston rotation rate
• Piston rotation deceleration
Piston position is measured on the LVDT principle with a ring on the inside of the massloading bell acting as the armature. Rotation
rate is measured optically using a sensor in themounting post which detects the movement of anotched ring on the inside of the mass loading
bell. Both measurement systems are completely
non-interfering. They have no influence on thefree movement of the piston in any axis.

2

1

3
1. Rotationr rate
2. Rotation deceleration
3. Position
4. Drop rate2

4

Ready/not ready indication
PG7000 simplifies operation with a “ready/not
ready” indication to provide the operator witha clear “go/no go” indication of when an intolerance measurement can be made.
The ready/not ready indication is based on
testing for a variety of operating conditions
including piston position, piston fall rate, piston
rotation rate, piston rotation deceleration, piston
temperature rate of change and vacuum reference (when applicable). A “ready” condition isindicated when all conditions fall within specificlimits. If any condition is outside of limits, notready is indicated with the responsible condition identified. The limits for the various “ready/not ready” criteria can be customized by theuser if desired.
The “ready/not ready” feature assures thatmeasurements are made under consistent conditions without requiring the operator to monitor
multiple variables independently and/or makesubjective judgements and decisions.

PG terminal main run screen
1

2

3

4

5

6

1. Piston too low (not ready)2. Rotation rate too low (not ready)
3. Current defined pressure
4. Absolute mode
5. Piston position
6. Current mass loaded

Piston near-float detection
Traditionally, one of the most tedious aspects ofoperating a piston gauge is adjusting pressure
to float the piston. The procedure is delicate
because the piston will lift, suddenly andwithout warning, only at the exact pressure
corresponding to the mass loaded on the piston.
Finding that point without overshooting requires
slow and very cautious pressure control.
PG7000 makes it easier to float the piston(whether controlling pressure manually or automatically) with a piston preloading system thatprovides advance warning that the pressure
is near the point where the piston will leaveend of stroke. The preload is applied by springloaded end of stroke stops. The spring force isequivalent to about a 2 kg (4.4 lb) load on thepiston. The preload causes the piston to begin
moving away from end of stroke before thepressure under the piston is equivalent to themass loaded on the piston. The early movementof the piston is detected by PG7000 and visualand audible warnings that the piston is about toleave end of stroke are provided. The preloading system only affects the piston when it is at
end of stroke, it does not interfere with the freemovement of the piston when it is floating.
The piston preload system provides advancewarning of piston float making it easier tooperate a PG7000. The spring loaded stops also
provide cushioning to dampen the impact when
the piston reaches end of stroke to reduce wear
and tear on the instrument.
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PG7000™ Series Piston Gauges

Spring loading system detail
Mobile endof stroke stop

PreloadspringDown

UpIntelligent piston rotation
In high performance piston-cylinders, the piston
must be rotated to operate properly.
The rotation sets up centering forces thatkeep the piston aligned in the cylinder assuring a uniform annular gap and the piston’s
freedom and mobility. For the most repeatablepressure measurements, it is important that therotation rate be consistent. In addition, whenmeasurements are made, no drive system can be
engaged as it would contribute parasitic forces
and unquantifiable errors.

Rotation mechanism not engaged

Rotation mechanism engaged

PG7000 is the first commercially available
piston gauge to provide monitoring of rotation
rate and decay in rotation rate. These measurements, coupled with PG7000’s internal logic,
are used to assure that pressure readings arealways made within rotation rate and decay inrotation rate limits. This relieves the operatorof rotation rate monitoring responsibility andreplaces subjective operator judgement with
objective measurement.
In PG7000 platforms, the rotation stimulus
may be provided either manually or by anoptional motor drive. In most cases, manualrotation is adequate as PG7000 piston-cylinders
require only occasional rotational acceleration and the rate of rotation monitoring systemassures that measurements will be made withinproper limits.
Motor driven rotation, when needed, isprovided by a patented system that engages anddisengages intelligently, depending on current
rate of rotation, to maintain the rotation rate
within limits. Unlike conventional piston drive
systems, drive contact never occurs randomly

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PG7000™ Series Piston Gauges

Storage and shipping containers
An important, but often overlooked, aspectof a high performance piston gauge package
is its storage and shipping. Certain elements
may only be used occasionally and recertification, particularly of the piston-cylinders
and masses, is likely to require regularshipping off-site. In many cases, in-houseshipping facilities are not aware of the needfor special treatment of metrological items andare not properly equipped to package themadequately.
For PG7000 piston gauges the storingand shipping aspect has been carefully
considered and addressed. The packaging
provided for the piston gauge platform andmass set are heavy duty, weather proof,
molded transit cases with custom inserts.
These cases provide optimum protection andcan be reused many times. PG7000 pistoncylinders modules are delivered in compact
PVC bullet cases that are virtually indestructible. They provide a convenient short term
storage vehicle ensuring the module is always
protected when not mounted in the pistongauge. The bullet cases also provide excellent
shipping protection.

Complete PG7000 system in shipping cases

or without warning. The rotation system canengage with the piston in any position anddoes not significantly affect its position or theset pressure. A warning is provided when
the rotation system is about to engage andwhile it is running. An override is available sothat engagement will occur only on operator
demand.

Advanced pressure generation andcontrol components
In day to day operation, the operator’s maininteraction with a piston gauge based pressure
calibration system is with the pressure generation and control components. These are used
constantly, both for the large pressure changes
between increments and to perform the fineadjustments needed to float and refloat thepiston. Over the years, the ease of use and reliability of these components will weigh heavily
in the system’s value as a calibration tool.
The central role of pressure generation andcontrol components in meeting PG7000’s objectives was recognized at the start of the PG7000
development process and stayed at the forefront.
All PG7000 pressure accessories were designed
specifically for their application, searching out
ways to increase the efficiency and ergonomicsof piston gauge operation.
PG7000 introduced fully automated gas pressure control in a bench top piston gauge system
which, coupled with PG7000’s other intelligent
features, leaves only loading and unloading
masses in response to system prompts to theoperator.
A manual gas pressure controller is alsoavailable. It is compact in size to facilitate
system setup and features custom, soft grip
valve knobs—not just a detail if you are the one
using them day in and day out.
OPG1, the hydraulic pressure generator/
controller for PG7302, breaks new ground in oil
piston gauge operation. With a perfect balance
between the benefits of automation and thepracticality of direct operator control, it setspressures effortlessly, precisely and very
quickly, eliminating the pumping andscrew press cranking for which oil
piston gauges were once notorious.

OPG1 Hydraulic Pressure Generator/Controller

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MPC1 Manual Pressure Controller

PG7000™ Series Piston Gauges

COMPASS® for pressure main run screen

COMPASS® for Pressure calibration
assistance software
COMPASS for Pressure calibration assistancesoftware takes PG7000 to the next step in automating calibrations.
Since PG7000 on-board electronics andsoftware handle all the basic metrological andsystem monitoring aspects of PG7000 operation,
COMPASS is not required to operate the system
and make accurate measurements. COMPASS
concentrates on optimizing the broader application of PG7000 in a calibration laboratory.
COMPASS sets up device under test (DUT)
records, defines and associates test procedureswith DUTs, runs tests, acquires reference andtest data, produces standard and custom calibration reports. All instrument, DUT and test
data is collected and stored in standard delimited files that can be easily downloaded to otherapplications.

A unified solution from vacuum to500 MPa
From its inception, the PG7000 line of pistongauges was designed to cover the complete
range of pressure from very low absolute anddifferential in gas, up to 500 MPa (75 000 psi)in oil. While several piston gauge platforms
and specialized accessories, may be needed tocover different ranges and media, a consistentuser interface and operational principles aremaintained throughout the line. In most cases,
complete gas and oil calibration capability canbe achieved with just two PG platforms, four
piston-cylinder modules and one mass set. This
provides consistency from system to system
which facilitates operation and training. Operators do not need to learn and operate several
completely different systems to cover the fullpressure range. Maintenance costs are reducedby minimizing the number of metrological elements to be supported.

PG7302™ Platform
Oil pressures from 100 kPa to 500 MPa (14.5 to 75 000 psi)

PG7302™

PG7302 is recommended for covering gauge andabsolute pressure with oil as the pressurized
medium. Absolute mode is supported by automated measurement and addition of atmosphericpressure using PG7302’s internal barometeror any external barometer supporting RS232
communications. To cover gas pressures under
11 MPa (1 600 psi), see PG7102 and PG7601. For
information on covering gas pressures greaterthan 11 MPa (1 600 psi), please contact DHI.

Putting together a PG7302 system

Features
Includes all PG7000 standard features and the following:• Special provisions for oil operation including a spent oil run
off tray and a purging system to remove air under the piston
during piston-cylinder module installation• Motorized piston rotation is optional (rotation rate monitoringand “ready/not ready” indication are always includ­ed)

Other optional accessories available

A typical PG7302 calibration systems consists• RPM4-A0015 Reference Pressure Monitorof:Interfaces directly with PG7302 to provide• PG7302 Platform
higher accuracy barometric pressure readings• Piston-Cylinder Modules: see information on
than the PG7302 on-board barometer (seePG7302 piston-cylinders and the ranges that
RPM4 brochure). Recommended for operation
they provide when combined with PG7302
in “absolute by addition of atmosphere” mode.
mass set choices• COMPASS® for Pressure: Applications software• Mass Set: 35, 40, 45, 55, 80 and 100 kg massfor IBM compatible PC that interfaces withsets are available
PG7302 to support DUT records, running tests,• Pressure Generation/Control Component
acquiring data, and maintaining calibration
Choices available for PG7302 include:
records and generating reports, as well as- OPG1-30000 Hydraulic Pressure Generator/
providing enhanced operational monitoring
Controller: power assisted pressure generadisplays.
tion and control to 200 MPa (30 000 psi)(see OPG1 brochure)- 5:1 Intensifier Option: extends OPG1-30000
pressure generation range to 500 MPa(75 000 psi). Also specify intensifier interconnect kit.

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PG7000™ Series Piston GaugesPG7102™ Platform
Gas pressures from 2 kPa to 11 MPa (0.2 to 1 600 psi)

PG7102™

PG7102 is recommended for covering gauge
Featuresand absolute pressures above atmosphere withgas as the pressurized medium. Absolute mode
Includes all PG7000 standard features and the following:is supported by automated measurement and• Lower cost, simplified gas operated platform does not include
addition of atmospheric pressure using PG7102’s
vacuum reference capability.
internal barometer or any external barometer• Motorized piston rotation is optional (rotation rate monitoring
supporting RS-232 communications. PG7102
and ready/not ready indication are always included).
does not cover absolute or gauge pressures
below atmospheric pressure. To cover absoluteand gauge pressures near and under atmosphere and/or for best accuracy on absolute• Interconnections Kit: to connect the PG7102
pressures under about 1 500 kPa (200 psi), useto the pressure generation/control component
PG7601. For information on covering gas presand provide a quick-connector test consures greater than 11 MPa (1 600 psi), pleasenection. P/N 400985, PK-7000-PPC/MPC,
refer to the PG7202.
Interconnections kit.

Putting together a PG7102 system

Other optional accessories available:

A typical PG7102 calibration systems consists of: • RPM4-A0015 Reference Pressure Monitor:• PG7102 Platform
interfaces directly with PG7102 to provide• Piston-Cylinder Modules: see information onhigher accuracy barometric pressure readings
PG7102 piston-cylinders and the ranges thatthan the PG7102 on-board barometer (seethey provide when combined with PG7102
RPM4 brochure). Recommended for operation
mass set choices
in “absolute by addition of atmosphere” mode.
• Mass Set: 35, 40, 45 and 55 kg mass sets are • COMPASS® for Pressure: applications software
available
for IBM compatible PC that interfaces with• Pressure Generation/Control Component
PG7102 to support DUT records, running
Choices available for PG7102 include:
tests, acquiring data, maintaining calibration- 3990-801: manual pressure control up torecords and generating reports as well as
7 MPa (1 000 psi) (see 3990 brochure)providing enhanced operational monitoring- 3990-803: manual pressure control up to
displays.
20 MPa (3 000 psi) (see 3990 brochure)- PPC4: automated pressure control up to
11 MPa (1 600 psi) (see PPC4 brochure)

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PG7000™ Series Piston GaugesPG7601™ Platform
Gas pressures with vacuum reference
from 5 kPa to 7 MPa (0.7 to 1 000 psi)

PG7601™

PG7601 is recommended for covering absoluteand gauge pressures with gas including pressures near and under atmospheric pressure.
PG7601 measurements can be referenced tovacuum by evacuating the bell jar that covers
the mass load. If absolute and gauge pressuresnearand under atmosphere are not required and/or pressure greater than 7 MPa (1 000 psi)is required, PG7102, which does not include vacuum
reference capability, should be considered.

Putting together a PG7601 System
A typical PG7601 calibration systems consists of:• PG7601 Platform• Piston-Cylinder Modules: See information on
PG7601 piston-cylinders and the ranges they
provide when combined with the PG7601
mass set.
• 35 kg Mass Set• Pressure Generation/Control Component
Choices available for PG7601 include:- 3990-801: manual pressure control up to
7 MPa (1 000 psi) (see 3990 brochure)- PPC4: automated pressure control up
to 7 MPa (1 000 psi) (see PPC4 brochure)• Interconnections Kit
Choices available for PG7601 include:- To connect PG7601 to the pressure
generation/control component and provide
a quick-connector test connection
P/N 400985, PK-7000-PPC/MPC, interconnections kit- To connect PG7601 to the pressure generation/control component and provide test
connections and valving for differential
mode operation, P/N 401581, PK-7600-PPC/
MPC-DIF
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PG7000™ Series Piston Gauges

PPC3

Features
Includes all PG7000 standard features and the following:• Supports establishing and measuring a vacuum reference fordefining absolute pressures relative to an evaucated bell jar.
Includes bell jar and integrated vacuum gauge.
• Supports “differential mode” operation to cover positive andnegative differential pressures near zero and at different staticpressures (see Technical Note 9940TN02).

Vacuum pumps and accessories• Vacuum pump and accessories to establish
vacuum under the PG7601 bell jar,P/N 401209, VA-7601-REF (110V) or
P/N 401453 (220 V).
• Vacuum pump and accesories to set pressure
under atmosphere using PPC4 or 3990-801,
VA-PPC/MPC-REF, P/N 400922 (110 V) or
P/N 401160 (220 V).

Other optional accessories available• RPM4-A0015 Reference Pressure Monitor:
interfaces directly with PG7601 to provide
higher accuracy barometric pressure readings
than the PG7601 on-board barometer (seeRPM4 brochure). Required for “differential
mode” operation.
• COMPASS® for Pressure: applications softwarefor IBM compatible PC that interfaces with
PG7601 to support DUT records, running tests,
acquiring data, maintaining and generating calibration records as well as providing
enhanced operational monitoring displays.

PG7000™ Piston-Cylinder Modules
The piston-cylinder defines effective area andis the piston gauge’s principal metrologicalelement. The piston-cylinder’s intrinsic characteristics and how it is mounted and exploited
are the keys to piston gauge performance.
PG7000 piston-cylinders are manufactured
by Fluke Calibration using proprietary production techniques developed specifically for the
PG7000 series. These result in pistons and cylinders whose typical shape is within less than
0.2 micron from ideal geometry. Gas operated
piston-cylinders use large diameters and verysmall annular gaps to minimize gas species andoperating mode effects and to maximize piston
float times. For example, the typical annular gapof a 35 mm gas operated piston-cylinder is lessthan 1 micron. Oil operated piston-cylinders use
small diameters to reduce the quantity of massneeded to cover the typical high pressure range.
All Type 7000 pistons and cylinders are
made of tungsten carbide except the standard
35 mm gas operated piston which is made ofhigh purity ceramic to reduce its mass and thus
its minimum starting pressure. Each PG7000
piston-cylinder is a complete, integrated metrological assembly that includes the critical
piston-cylinder mounting components. Thisapproach improves metrological performance aswell as offering many practical advantages.
All Type 7000 piston-cylinders use free
deformation mounting systems in which thecylinder is allowed to deform under the influence of applied pressure without O-rings orseals along the cylinder length. For the higher
pressure gas assemblies, a new mounting
system designated negative free deformation
has been developed. Negative free deformation
applies the measured pressure uniformally along
the full length of the cylinder. This reduces
deformation under pressure so that piston drop
rates remain low, even at high operating pressures while avoiding the unpredictable strain
points of conventional reentrant designs.

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PG7000™ Series Piston Gauges

Piston cylinder and module

Piston-cylinder

Piston-cylinder module

Piston cylinder and module

Simple free
deformation, gas

Negative free
deformation, gas

Simple free
deformation, oilPG7000™ Mass Sets
Masses are loaded on the piston and accelerated
by gravity to apply a known force on the piston
against which the defined pressure is balanced.
A complete PG7000 mass set includes main
masses of 10 kg (22 lb) or 5 kg (11 lb) each,fractionary masses in 5-2-2-1 progression from
0.5 kg (18 oz) to 0.1 kg (4 oz) and a trim mass
set with masses from 50 g (1.8 oz) to 0.01 g(.0004 oz). The mass set composition is such thatany desired mass value within the mass
set range can be loaded within 0.01 g(.0004 oz). Different size mass sets and pistoncylinder choices provide flexibility in putting
together a PG7000 system whose ranges best
fit your needs.
All main masses are machined from solid,
non-magnetic stainless steel and adjusted totheir nominal values in the mass without cavities or trimming hardware which can reduce
mass stability over time.
Since loading and unloading masses is oneof the most common operator interactions witha PG7000 system, the individual masses andthe mass set have been designed to maximize
handling convenience. Ample angled lifting
surfaces are provided on the edge of each massand special mass trays are included to assist inorderly mass loading and unloading.
Standard PG7000 pistons are adjusted to amass of 0.2 kg (7 oz). The first mass loaded on
the piston is the mass loading bell onto which
all the other masses are loaded. The mass loading bell is delivered with the PG platform. There
are two different mass loading bells. The 7001
bell is a short bell that fits under the PG7601’s
bell jar. The 7002 bell is a longer bell used on
all the other PG7000 models. The 7001 bell has
a mass of 0.3 kg (10.6 oz); the 7002 bell has amass of 0.8 kg (1.8 lb). Both bells are made oftitanium to minimize their mass.

Mass set on mass tray

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PG7000™ Series Piston Gauges

Mass concentricity

200 mm(7.9 in)
125 mm(5 in)

7001 Short Mass Bell

Mass transit cases

7002 Long Mass Bell

General specifications
GeneralPower requirements

85 V to 264 V ac, 47 to 440 Hz, 22 VA max consumption

Operating temperature range

15 °C to 35 °C (59 °F to 95 °F)

Weight (Instrument platform
with no mass loaded)

PG7102

13 kg (28 lb)

PG7302

13 kg (28 lb)

PG7601

17 kg (37 lb)

PG terminal

1.4 kg (3 lb)

Dimensions (H x W x D)

Instrument platform

36 cm x 40 cm x 35 cm (14.5 in x 15.8 in x 13.8 in)(Height: Top of mounting post with piston-cylinder
module installed for PG7102/PG7302; top of bell jar
for PG7601)

PG terminal

12 cm x 15 cm x 20 cm (4.7 in x 5.9 in x 7.9 in)Microprocessors

Instrument platform

Motorola 68302

PG terminal

Hitachi 64180

Communications ports

RS-232

COM1: Host computer
COM2: External barometer
COM3: Automated pressure controller

IEEE-488.2

Host computer

Maximum pressure ranges

Actual range depends on piston-cylinder and mass set selection.

Operating media

Maximum mass load

Pressure connections

PG7102Gauge: 10 kPa to 11 MPa (1.5 psi to 1 600 psi)
Absolute: 110 kPa to 11 MPa (16 psi to 1 600 psi)

PG7302Gauge: 100 kPa to 500 MPa (15 psi to 75 000 psi)
Absolute: 200 kPa to 500 MPa (30 psi to 75 000 psi)

PG7601Gauge: 5 kPa to 7 MPa (0.7 psi to 1 000 psi)
Absolute: 5 kPa to 7 MPa (0.7 psi to 1 000 psi)
Differential: -90 to 350 kPa (16 psi to 1 600 psi) at linepressure of 15 to 200 kPa absolute (2.2 psi to 30 psi)

PG7102

Gas: air, helium, nitrogen

PG7302

Oil: Di2-Ethyl Hexyl Sebacate (oil)PG7601

Gas: air, helium, nitrogen

PG7102

55 kg (121 lb)

PG7302100 kg (220 lb)

PG7601

35 kg (77 lb)

Test port

PG7102: DH200
PG7302: DH500
PG7601: DH200
Note: DH200 and DH500 are gland and collar typefittings for 6 mm (.25 in) coned and left hand threaded
tube. DH200 is equivalent to AE SF250C, HIP LF4, etc.
DH500 is equivalent to AE F250C, HIP HF4, etc.

PG7601 Only

Bell jar vent port: DH200
Vacuum pump down port: KF25

CE conformance

Available, must be specified

Ambient and instrument condition measurement
Temperature (ambient)

Range: 0 °C to 40 °C (32 °F to 104 °F)
Resolution: 0.1
Accuracy: ± 1

Temperature (piston-cylinder
module)Range: 0 °C to 40 °C (32 °F to 104 °F)
Resolution: 0.01
Accuracy: ± 0.1

Barometric pressure withinternal sensor

Range: 70 to 110 kPa
Resolution: 10 Pa
Accuracy: ± 140 Pa
Barometric pressure can also be read automatically from any RS-232 device
such as DHI RPM4.

Relative humidity

Range: 5 to 95 %RH
Resolution: 1 %RH
Accuracy: ± 10 %RH

Piston position

Range: ± 4.5 mm
Resolution: 0.1 mm
Accuracy: ± 0.2

Piston rotation (rate anddeceleration)

Range: 2 to 150 rpm
Resolution: 1 rpm

Vacuum (PG7601 only)

Range: 0 to 20 Pa
Resolution: 0.01 Pa
Accuracy: ± 0.1 Pa or 10% of reading, whichever is greater

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PG7000™ Series Piston Gauges

Embedded features• Local control with 2 x 20
electroluminescent and 4 x 4function driven keypad.
• Real time (1 second updaterate) display and measurementof ambient (pressure, temperature, humidity) and instrument(piston-cylinder temperature,
piston position, piston drop
rate, piston rotation rate, piston
rotation decay rate) conditions.
• Real time (1 second updaterate) mass to pressure andpressure to mass calculations
taking into consideration allenvironmental and operationalvariables.
• Gas and liquid headcorrections.
• Adjustable mass loading
resolution (0.1 kg to 0.01 g).
• Audible prompts of instrument
status with override capability.
• Interfacing and automatic
exploitation of any externalbarometer (RS-232).
• Storage and one step activationof metrological data on up to
18 piston-cylinder modules
and 3 mass sets.
• Continuous pressure ready/not ready indication based on
measured conditions for valid
measurement.
• Intelligent piston drive system
based on measured rotation
rate with operator alert andmanual override (optional on
PG7102, PG7302).
• Built-in drivers for automatedpressure control components
with override capability.
• Full RS-232 and IEEE-488.2
communications with multilevel commands to set and readall instrument functions.

Piston-cylinder module specifications
GeneralAll piston-cylinders are integrated modules including mounting hardware delivered inindividual shipping and storage bullet cases.
Cylinder material

Tungsten carbide

Piston material

Tungsten carbide

Mounting system

PC-7200-x

Negative free deformation

PC-7100/7600-50, -100, -200

Negative free deformation

All Others

Simple free deformation

Pressure measurement: PG7102/7601

Sensitivity1

PG-7100/7600-10-L
and -10, TC

PC-7100/7600-20

PC-7100/7600-50

PC-7100/7600-100

PC-7100/7600-200

0.02 Pa + 0.5 ppm

0.04 Pa + 0.5 ppm

0.1 Pa + 0.5 ppm

0.2 Pa + 0.5 ppm

0.4 Pa + 0.5 ppm± 2 ppm± 2 ppm± 2 ppm± 3 ppm± 3 ppm± (0.2 Pa + 12 ppm)

± (0.2 Pa + 14 ppm)

± (0.5 Pa + 14 ppm)

± (1 Pa + 20 ppm)

± (2 Pa + 20 ppm)

0.3 mm/min@ 700 kPa

0.5 mm/min@ 1750 kPa

0.7 mm/min@ 3500 kPa

1.0 mm/min@ 7000 kPa

Reproducability2
Uncertainty3
Typical drop rate4
Typical Drop Rate -10, TC4

0.2 mm/min@ 350 kPa

Typical drop rate 10-L4

0.15 mm/min@ 350 kPa

Pressure measurement: PG72025
Sensitivity1

PC-7202-100

PC-7202-200

PC-7202-500

PC-7202-1

PC-7202-2

2 Pa + 1 ppm

4 Pa + 1 ppm

10 Pa + 1 ppm

20 Pa + 1 ppm

40 Pa + 1 ppm

Reproducability2
Uncertainty3
Typical drop rate4± 2 ppm± 3 ppm± 3 ppm± 3 ppm± 4 ppm± (2 Pa + 20 ppm)

± (3 Pa + 20 ppm)

± [7 Pa + (18 ppm+0.15 ppm/MPa)]± [15 Pa + (20 ppm+0.15 ppm/MPa)]± [30 Pa + (30 ppm+0.15 ppm/MPa)]0.10 mm/min@ 5 MPa

0.15 mm/min@10 MPa

0.20 mm/min@25 MPa

0.25 mm/min@50 MPa

0.50 mm/min@100 MPa

Pressure measurement: PG7302
Sensitivity1
Reproducability2
Uncertainty3
Typical drop rate4

PC-7300-100

PC-7300-200

PC-7300-500

PC-7300-1

PC-7300-2

PC-7300-5

2 Pa + 1 ppm

4 Pa + 1 ppm

10 Pa + 1 ppm

20 Pa + 1 ppm

40 Pa + 1 ppm

100 Pa + 1 ppm± 2 ppm± 3 ppm± 3 ppm± 3 ppm± 4 ppm± 6 ppm± (16 Pa + 18 ppm)

± (16 Pa + 20 ppm)

± (20 Pa + 20 ppm)

± (25 Pa + 25 ppm)

± [40 Pa + (25 ppm+0.04 ppm/MPa)]± [100 Pa + (35 ppm+ 0.04 ppm/MPa)]

0.02 mm/min@ 5 MPa

0.04 mm/min@ 10 MPa0.10 mm/min@ 25 MPa

0.2 mm/min@ 50 MPa

0.40 mm/min@ 100 MPa

1.0 mm/min@ 250 MPa

Sensitivity: the smallest variation in input detectable in output. Sensitivity is given as a full uncertainty (2a) at k=2. k=1 value is obtained by dividing each part by the square root of 12.
Reproducibility: combined long term stability of piston-cylinder effective area and masses.
Typical pressure Measurement Uncertainty: All relevant sources of uncertainty under typical operating conditions are identified, quantified and combined following the “Guide to theExpression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM)”. DHI Technical Note 7920TN01 (latest revision) documents the detailed uncertainty analysis for each platform, piston-cylinder andoperating mode, and can be used to derive uncertainty in pressure in a user’s specific conditions. Uncertainties are for manual mass loading. The use of AMH improves uncertainty forsome ranges.
4
Typical drop rate: typical drop rate at the pressure given.
5
PG7202 is a PG7000 platform designed for high pressure gas measurement to 100 MPa. See PG7202 brochure.
1
2
3

14 Fluke Calibration

PG7000™ Series Piston Gauges

Ranges and technical characteristics
Ranges for gas operated piston-cylinders for PG7102 and PG7601
Designator

Pressure tomass (/kg)

Minimum pressure

Maximum pressure

PG7102/7601(piston only)

PG7102
PG7601(piston and bell) (piston and bell)

35 kg (77 lb)

40 kg (88 lb)

45 kg (99 lb)

55 kg (121 lb)

(kPa)

(psi)

(kPa)

(psi)

(kPa)

(psi)

(kPa)

(psi)

(kPa)

(psi)

(kPa)

(psi)

(kPa)

PC-7100/7600-10-L

10 kPa

4

0.6

12

1.7

7

1

350

50

400

60

450

65

550

(psi)
80

PC-7100/7600-10, TC

10 kPa

5

0.7

13

2.0

8

1.2

350

50

400

60

450

65

550

80

PC-7100/7600-20

20 kPa

8

1.2

24

3.5

14

2.0

700

100

800

120

900

130

1 100

160

PC-7100/7600-50

50 kPa

10

1.5

50

7.5

25

3.7

1 750

250

2 000

300

2 250

325

2 750

400

PC-7100/7600-100

100 kPa

20

2.9

100

14.5

50

7.25

3 500

500

4 000

600

4 500

650

5 550

800

PC-7100/7600-200

200 kPa

40

5.8

200

29.0

100

14.5

7 000

1 000

8 000

1 200

9 000

1 300

11 000

1 600

Optimal performance starts with the piston and mass bell loaded. PG7601 only accepts a maximum 35 kg mass set (MS-7001-35), or 38 kg if using the AutomatedMass Handler, AMH-38 (MS-AMH-38).

Technical characteristics for gas operated piston-cylinders for PG7102 and PG7601
Nominal diameter

Nominal area

Piston assembly mass

Piston material

Cylinder material

Mounting system

PC-7100/7600-10-L

Designator

35 mm (1.3 in)

980 mm2 (1.5 in2)

400 g (14 oz)

Tungsten carbide

Tungsten carbide

Simple free deformation

PC-7100/7600-10, TC

35 mm (1.3 in)

980 mm2 (1.5 in2)

500 g (18 oz)

Tungsten carbide

Tungsten carbide

Simple free deformation

PC-7100/7600-20

25 mm (1 in)

500 mm2 (.8 in2)

400 g (14 oz)

Tungsten carbide

Tungsten carbide

Simple free deformation

PC-7100/7600-50

16 mm (.6 in)

196 mm2 (.3 in2)

200 g (7 oz)

Tungsten carbide

Tungsten carbide

Negative free deformation

PC-7100/7600-100

11 mm (.4 in)

100 mm2 (.2 in2)

200 g (7 oz)

Tungsten carbide

Tungsten carbide

Negative free deformation

PC-7100/7600-200

8 mm (.3 in)

50 mm2 (.08 in2)

200 g (7 oz)

Tungsten carbide

Tungsten carbide

Negative free deformation

Ranges for oil operated piston-cylinders for PG7302
Designator

Pressure tomass (/kg)

Minimum pressure

Maximum pressure (depending on mass set)

Piston only

Piston and bell

35 kg (77 lb)

40 kg (88 lb)

45 kg (99 lb)

55 kg (121 lb) 80 kg (176 lb) 100 kg (220 lb)

(kPa)

(psi)

(kPa)

(psi)

(MPa)

(psi)

(MPa)

(psi)

(MPa)

(psi)

(MPa)

(psi)

(MPa)

(psi)

(MPa)

(psi)

20

3

100

15

3.5

500

4

600

4.5

650

5

725

8

1 150

10

1 450
2 900

PC-7300-100

100 kPa

PC-7300-200

200 kPa

40

5

200

29

7

1 000

8

1 200

9

1 300

11

1 600

16

2 300

20

PC-7300-500

500 kPa

100

15

500

73

17.5

2 500

20

3 000

22.5

3 250

27.5

4 000

40

5 800

50

7 250

PC-7300-1

1 MPa

200

30

1 000

145

35

5 000

40

6 000

45

6 500

55

8 000

80

11 500100

14 500PC-7300-2

2 MPa

400

60

2 000

290

70

10 00080

12 00090

13 000110

16 000160

23 000200

29 000PC-7300-5

5 MPa

1 000

145

5 000

725

175

25 000200

30 000225

32 500275

40 000400

58 000500

72 500Optimal performance starts with the piston and mass bell loaded.

Technical characteristics for oil operated piston-cylinders for PG7302
Designator

Nominal diameter

Nominal area

Piston assembly mass

Piston material

Cylinder material

Mounting system

PC-7300-100

11.2 mm (.4 in)

98.5 mm2 (.15 in2)

200 g (7 oz)

Tungsten carbide

Tungsten carbide

Simple free deformation

PC-7300-200

7.9 mm (.3 in)

49 mm2 (.08 in2)

200 g (7 oz)

Tungsten carbide

Tungsten carbide

Simple free deformation

PC-7300-500

5 mm (.2 in)

19.6 mm2 (.03 in2)

200 g (7 oz)

Tungsten carbide

Tungsten carbide

Simple free deformation

PC-7300-1

3.5 mm (.14 in)

9.8 mm2 (.02 in2)

200 g (7 oz)

Tungsten carbide

Tungsten carbide

Negative free deformation

PC-7300-2

2.5 mm (.1 in)

4.9 mm2 (.008 in2)

200 g (7 oz)

Tungsten carbide

Tungsten carbide

Negative free deformation

PC-7300-5

1.6 mm (.06 in)

1.9 mm2 (.003 in2)

200 g (7 oz)

Tungsten carbide

Tungsten carbide

Negative free deformation

15 Fluke Calibration

PG7000™ Series Piston Gauges

Mass set specifications
General specifications

Mass set compatibility

Masses (All masses are delivered in molded, reusable transit cases with custom inserts)

Designator

Masses > 50 g
(1.8 oz)

Nominal totalmass

MS-7001-35

35 kg (77 lb)

MS-7002-35

35 kg (77 lb)••

MS-7002-40

40 kg (88 lb)••

MS-7002-45

45 kg (99 lb)••

MS-7002-55

55 kg (121 lb)•

MS-7002-80

80 kg (176 lb)•

MS-7002-100 100 kg (220 lb)•

Masses < 50 g
(1.8 oz)

Material

304L non-magnetic stainless steel

FinishEletropolished

Adjusment tolerance± 20 ppm of nominal value

Accuracy of measured values± 5 ppm or 1 mg, whichever is greater

Traceability of measured values

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

Conform to NIST S1

PG7000 mass set definitions
Designator

Nominal total
mass

PG7102 PG7302 PG7601••

Mass set composition
10 kg(22 lb)

5 kg(11 lb)2 kg(4.4 lb)

1 kg(2.2 lb)

0.5 kg(1 lb)

0.2 kg(.44 lb)

0.1 kg(.22 lb)

Trim set
50 g to0.1 g(1.8 oz to.003 oz)

Make upmass1
Piston1

Bell1MS-7001-35

35 kg (77 lb)

—

5

2

1

1

2

1

1

1 [4.5 kg(10 lb)]0.22 (7 oz)

0.3 kg(10.6 oz)MS-7002-35

35 kg (77 lb)

—

5

2

1

1

2

1

1

1
[4 kg (9 lb)]

0.2 (7 oz)

0.8 kg(28 oz)MS-7002-40

40 kg (88 lb)

—

6

2

1

1

2

1

1

1
[4 kg (9 lb)]

0.2 (7 oz)

0.8 kg(28 oz)MS-7002-45

45 kg (99 lb)

—

7

2

1

1

2

1

1

1
[4 kg (9 lb)]

0.2 (7 oz)

0.8 kg(28 oz)MS-7002-55

55 kg (121 lb)

—

9

2

1

1

2

1

1

1
[4 kg (9 lb)]

0.2 (7 oz)

0.8 kg(28 oz)MS-7002-80

80 kg (176 lb)

6

1

2

1

1

2

1

1

1
[4 kg (9 lb)]

0.2 (7 oz)

0.8 kg(28 oz)MS-7002-100

100 kg (220 lb)

8

1

2

1

1

2

1

1

1
[4 kg (9 lb)]

0.2 (7 oz)

0.8 kg(28 oz)Note: The piston and the mass loading bell are not included in the mass set. Piston-cylinders are ordered separately and the mass loading bell is delivered with the PG7000 platform.
1
The make up mass is the first main mass loaded on the piston and bell to reach an even increment of 5 kg (11 lb) or 10 kg (22 lb).
2
PC-7100/7600-10, TC with a tungsten carbide piston has a piston mass of 0.5 kg (11 lb).

Individual masses

10 kg (22 lb)

16 Fluke Calibration

PG7000™ Series Piston Gauges

5 kg (11 lb)

2 kg (4.4 lb)

1 kg (2.2 lb)

Ordering information
Platform

Mass set

Model
PG7302 Oil operated piston gauge
PG7302 Oil operated piston gauge with motorized piston
rotation
PG7302-CE Oil operated piston gauge, CE compliant
PG7302-CE Oil operated piston gauge, with motorizedpiston rotation, CE compliant
PG7102 Gas operated piston gauge
PG7102 Gas operated piston gauge, with motorized piston
rotation
PG7102-CE Gas operated piston gauge, CE compliant
PG7102-CE Gas operated piston gauge with motorizedpiston rotation, CE compliant
PG7601 Gas operated piston gauge, with motorized piston
rotation
PG7601-CE Gas operated piston gauge, with motorizedpiston rotation, CE compliant

Model
MS-7001-35 35 kg mass set, w/4.5kg make up
MS-7002-35 35 kg mass set, w/4 kg make up
MS-7002-40 40 kg mass set, w/4 kg make up
MS-7002-45 45 kg mass set, w/4 kg make up
MS-7002-55 55 kg mass set, w/4 kg make up
MS-7002-80 80 kg mass set, w/9 kg make up
MS-7002-100 100 kg mass set, w/9 kg make up

Standard accessories
Mass loading bell
Reusable molded transit case with custom inserts
Power cord
Instrument dust coverTechnical data report
Adaptor for test connection (depends on model)
Dust cover
Wear subjected parts kit
Bell jar (PG7601 only)
KF 25 plug, O-ring assembly and clamp for reference
vacuum connection (PG7601 only)
Calibration report*

Included
Shipping and storage cases (molded, reusable),
Mass trays, Dust cover, Calibration report*
Standard accessories
Reusable molded transit case with custom inserts,
Mass presentation tray, Dust cover, Calibration
report* Reporting complete technical characteristics and true mass
values traceable to the United States National Institute ofStandards and Technology (NIST).

Fluke Calibration.	Precision, performance, confidence.™

Piston-cylinder module
Model
PC-7100/7600-10-L Gas P-C module
PC-7100/7600-10, TC Gas P-C module
PC-7100/7600-50 Gas P-C module
PC-7100/7600-200 Gas P-C module
PC-7300-100 Oil P-C module
PC-7300-200 Oil P-C module
PC-7300-500 Oil P-C module
PC-7300-2 Oil P-C module
PC-7300-5 Oil P-C module
Included
PVC “Bullet” case
Calibration report (consult DHI about converting existing Type 5000
piston-cylinders for use in a Type 7000 piston gauge.)Standard accessories
Bullet case
Calibration report*

17 Fluke Calibration

PG7000™ Series Piston Gauges

Fluke Calibration
PO Box 9090, Everett, WA 98206 U.S.A.
Fluke Europe B.V.
PO Box 1186, 5602 BD
Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Web access: http://www.flukecal.eu
For more information call:In the U.S.A. (877) 355-3225 orFax (425) 446-5716
In Europe/M-East/Africa +31 (0) 40 2675 200 or
Fax +31 (0) 40 2675 222
In Canada (800)-36-FLUKE or
Fax (905) 890-6866
From other countries +1 (425) 446-6110 or
Fax +1 (425) 446-5716
Web access: http://www.flukecal.com©2010-2014 Fluke Calibration.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
Printed in U.S.A. 10/2014 3031090d_en
Pub-ID 11845-eng Rev 01
Modification of this document is not permitted
without written permission from Fluke Calibration.