ON THE FAUNA OF IRELAND.

245

Report on the Fauna of Ireland : Div. Invertebrata. Drawn up, at therequest of the British Association, by WILLIAM THOMPSON, Esq.,
President of the Natural History and Philosophical Society of Belfast.
Introduction.
IN the former portion of my Report on the Fauna of Ireland, laid before themeeting of the British Association at Glasgow in 1810, the Vertebrata only
were included*. In the continuation now presented, are all the native speciesof Invertebrata—Mollusca, Crustacea, Cirrhipeda, Annelida, Foraminifera,
Entozoa, Echinodermata, Acalepha, Zoopliyta, Amorphozoa—excepting Insecta and Infusoria, using the former term in its widest sense.
For the whole of the information in some departments I am indebted toothers : of a portion undertaken by myself, I have only yet obtained a superficial knowledge. A want of unity will be observable throughout in the treatment of the various subjects, the most obvious point of which to some naturalists will be in the nomenclature :—the first names bestowed on the species,
which according to the just rule of priority (see British Association Rulesof Nomenclature) should be those used, could only be partially ascertained
within the allotted time.
This Report does not embrace so comprehensive a view as I originally contemplated with respect to widely-extended comparisons, and the causes which
seem to operate on the distribution of the various classes, &c. of Invertebrata, but as now given, it may afford data to others better qualified to do
justice to that subject. It will in its present state only have a value in recording the species indigenous to Ireland, and ofiering a comparison between themand those of Great Britain, but this is not unimportant with regard even to
the general geographical distribution of species. The European Fauna, it
need scarcely be observed, could not be perfected without that of Ireland
being known, which latter is again especially interesting, in consequence of
our island being within its latitude the extreme western limit to which all the
species included in it range that are peculiar to the eastern, or in other words,
are not found in the western hemisphere.
The Fauna of Ireland, compared with that of Great Britain, exhibits thefalling off of species westerly compared with that island, which again on its
part (though not treated of here) presents a similar falling off westerly compared with the opposite shore of the continent. An example may be necessary in explanation, and the most striking will be selected, though the subjectmatter belong to the former part of this Report. Thus, of the class Reptilia
there are in
BELGIUMt. GREAT BRITAIN.
Order Sauria.
Lacerta
AnguisIRELAND.

3 species... 2 species (same as Belg.)... 1 species (same as Brit.).
... 0„
1 „ ... 1 „* The species of Vertebrata since added to our catalogue are-Turdus Whitei, Eyton, Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. xi. p. 78.
Pycnonotus chrysorrhaus, Swains. See present volume.
Cuculus glandarius, Lin., Ann. Nat. [list. vol. xii. p. 149, and present volume.
Glareola pratincola, Lin. (sp.) See present volume.
Naucrates Actor, Cuv. and Val. See present volume.
The Lepus Hibernicus and L. variabilis are now proved to be of the same species(see present volume) : respecting the animal provisionally called Mus Hibernicus nofurther information has been obtained.
t According to the excellent Faune Beige' of De Selys-Longchamps.

246

REPORT-1843.
BELGIUM.

GREAT BRITAIN.

IRELAND.

Order Ophidia.
ColuberNatrixViperaOrder Batrachia.
Rana
Bornbinator .
Hyla
Bufo
Salamandra
Triton

2

1
2

71
IP

•

2
3

,,

1

)1

2
1
4
22

...

.t. ,

),

,,
15

•

•

• •

•

0

fJP

1

IP

1

*

PP

.• . 0 „0
2... 0 ,,. 3* ,,
.t1P

• ••

PP

0 f

11

0
(same as Belg.)... 0
1 species (same as Brit.).
00(same as Belg.)... 1 .0,
0(same as Belg.)... 2
1,

. ..

PP

PP

,j,

5

It appears therefore that the deficiency of Ireland compared with GreatBritain in the Reptilia, is much upon the same scale as that of the latter island
compared with Belgium.
There is not any island of similar extent to Ireland, and in like mannersituated with respect to other lands, with which to compare it. The islands of
New Zealand within temperate latitudes in the southern hemisphere may however be mentioned as possessing of indigenous Mammaliat, Bats alone, of which
one species has been described ; and no Ophidian reptiles. " Throughout thepresent Report (to quote from the former portion) it must be borne in mind, thatall species found from the Channel Islands in the south, to the Shetland Islandsin the north, are included in the fauna of Great Britain, and that within the
degrees of latitude over which it extends, Ireland occupies but one-third. Ireland is comprised within four degrees, while the Shetland Islands range nearly
six degrees further to the north, and more than two degrees to the south the
Channel Islands are situated. The Fauna of Great Britain also extends overten degrees of longitude, while that of Ireland is limited to half the number."
The physical geography and climate need not be dwelt on here, as in thecase of the Mammalia Terrestria, Ayes, and Reptilia, as the land Mollusca
and Annelides only will be directly affected by such influences. The freshwater Mollusca, Crustacea, Annelida and Amorphozoa will be affected, butless directly, by the physical geography, taken in connection with the mineralogical structure of the country ; as will the marine species in some degree,by the nature and quantity of the residuum brought by rivers to the sea.
The physical geography of the bottom of the sea will have a powerful effecton the marine Invertebrata of all kinds, even greater than that of the dry landon its animals. According to the configuration and depth, to the mineralogical character of the rocks, the vegetation, &c., shall we find particular families, genera, and species. Even where the configuration and depth are similar,
the oozy, sandy, gravelly, or rocky bottom, will have each its peculiar animals.
It has not been thought desirable, as in the Report on the Vertebrata, totreat distinctly of every species, as to its being common or rare, &c. ; but in* Rana Scotica and Triton Bibronii, of which so little is known, either as to distribution or otherwise, are not enumerated.
t In Mammalia, Belgium has two genera—Crocidura and Cricaus—not found inGreat Britain, in which are four—Rhinolophus, Talpa, Myoxus, Arvicola—unknown
to Ireland. De Selys-Longchamps believes Belgium to be the most northern limit of
the genus Crocidura, and states that it is not met with in Holland or Denmark.
1: The species is Vespertilio tuberculatus, Forster. J. E. Gray in Deiffenbach's
New Zealand, vol. ii. p. 181. According to the Report of the United States' Exploring
Expedition, publislfed in the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal for January 1844
none of the Pacific Islands, including New Zealand, contain any native Mammalia
except Bats," p. 32.
itON THE FAUNA OF IRELAND.

247

stead, to leave this to be indicated by the tabular mark of distribution, although it may often prove unsatisfactory. Thus, species which have beenfound but once on each side of the island are marked as conspicuously undernorth, east, west and south, as those which are abundant round the coast.
But naturalists will not be deceived by this ; none will imagine that because
Eulima subulata exhibits the same number of asterisks as Rissoa u/vee, thatthe species are equally plentiful ; but all will know that the former, thoughwidely distributed, is found in extremely limited numbers, and the latter inabundance where they respectively occur. Nor, was it deemed necessary inso brief a summary, to give the authorities for the occurrence of the various
species ; but reference is made throughout to the works in which all the details
published respecting them will be found.
MOLLUSCA.
Catalogues of the testaceous Mollusca of Ireland, elaborated during theresidence of their respective authors in this country, were drawn up about thesame time by Capt. Brown and Dr. Turton*, in which they were aided by thecollections of Mr. O'Kelly of Dublin, Dr. Thomas Taylor (species contributed
by Miss Hutchins of Bantry), Mr. Samuel Wright of Cork, Mrs. Clewlow, Dr.
McGee, Dr. McDonnell, and Mr. Templeton of Belfast t. Mr. Templeton,
before and after the period of their researches, was silently noting down for
future publication all that he could learn upon the subject, but, stationary
at his country residence, he was less favourably circumstanced than either of
those gentlemen, by whom various parts of the country and coast werevisited. Their inquiries, directed to a single branch of natural history,
were naturally more productive in that one department than his, whose survey embraced the whole Flora and Fauna of Ireland, for the illustration ofwhich he was diligently collecting materials. To Bryce's Tables of Simple
Minerals, Rocks and Shells,' found in three of the northern counties, Mr.
Hyndman contributed a few hitherto unnoticed species. The native Mollusca, more especially of Youghal and Dublin, have been effectively collected
and studied by Mr. Robert Ball, aided by his sister Miss M. Ball ; as havethose of Limerick and Miltown Malbay, on the western coast, by Mr. Wm.
Henry Harvey ; those of Cork by Mr. John Humphreys, and those of thenorthern shores by Mr. Geo. C. Hyndman. A few species of the highest
interest from the northern province have been obtained by Dr. J.L. Drummond,as have some from the southern by Dr. Geo. J. Allman. The extensive andbeautiful collections of Mr. T. W. Warren and Dr. Farran of Dublin, moreparticularly of species from the neighbouring coast —the richest in Ireland—
have rendered most important aid towards an elucidation of the subject.
The Ordnance collection has contributed in so far as the comparatively poor
coast investigated could afford. Mrs. Hancock has rendered essential service
by assiduously collecting the species of the western shores, at Ballysodare
in the county of Sligo, and Bundoran in the county of Donegal, and transmitting them to Belfast, where they came under the inspection of Mr. Hyndman and myself.
* Capt. Brown's memoir was dated from Naas Barracks, Ireland, Aug. 20, 1815,
and read before the Wernerian Society of Edinburgh on the 16th of December in thatyear (see Wern. Mem. vol. ii.). Dr. Turton's appeared in the Dublin Examiner,or Monthly Miscellany of Literature, Science and Art,' in July 181G. In thesubsequent works of these authors additional Irish species were described : all in thefollowing catalogue that are noticed by them only e. unknown to my correspondents
and myself) are marked as on their authority.
t At a subsequent period, the collection of James Rose Clealand, Esq. of Bangor in
the county of Down, contributed some interesting species to Sowerby, &c.

248

REPORT-1843.

Those who have given attention to the Testaceous Mollusca generally have
hitherto been alluded to. The native land and freshwater species exclusively have been well studied by the Rev. Benj. J. Clarke, Mr. Edward Waller, and the Rev. Thomas Hincks (late of Cork). Several other naturalists
and collections might be named, but those enumerated are among the principal.
The species added to our Fauna from the preceding sources and from personal investigation, have been noticed in Additions to the Fauna of Ireland,'published in the ' Annals of Natural History' (vol. v. vii. xiii.) ; in vol. v. a
description of Linaneus involutus, and a contribution on the Mollusca NudiTunicata will be found : in vol. vi. is a catalogue of the
branchia andland and freshwater Mollusca.
Although I had some time since with considerable labour brought together
in manuscript all that has been published on the Irish Mollusca, and looked
over all the collections possible, I have critically studied a small portion onlyof the subject. Without the aid therefore of my scientific friends, Mr. Alderof Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Professor Edward Forbes, the Mollusca as awhole could not have been undertaken. In the Gasteropoda Nudibranchia
and the marine Testaceous tribes their assistance has been most valuable.
Some naturalists will consider the number of British species alluded to in
the remarks on the different Orders much under what it should be. This
arises from my adoption of the British list, as expurgated by the two distinguished malacologists whose aid has been alluded to. A number of species
which have from time to time been introduced without sufficient evidence areomitted ; a number more are reduced to mere varieties ; and species figured
or described in such a manner as not to be understood by the best informedon the subject, are unnoticed.
In the Classes and Orders, Rang's ' Manuel des Mollusques' is chiefly folDistribution.
lowed.
W3

Class CEPHALOPODA.

002

Sepia officinalis, Lin., Lam*
„ rupellaria, Fer. & D' Orb. ? (I.)-t
Loligo vulgaris, Lam.; Sepia loligo, Lin
sagittata, Lam. var.
subulata, Fer. & D' Orb. var. L (I.)
var. 2.
media, Lin. (sp.)„ EblanEe, Ball (I.)...
Octopus vulgaris, Lam.
Eledone octopodia, Penn. (sp.) ; Sepia octopodia, Penn. ; Octopus octopodia, Flem.
PP

PP

IP

JP

ff

Sepiola Rondeletii, lasso; Sepia sepiola, Lin.
Rossia Oweni, Ball (I.)
Jacobi, Ball (I.)
Spirula australis ; Naut. spirula, Lin.

...

* It has been considered sufficient throughout this Report simply to indicate thenorth, east, west and south. The Mollusca of the following localities have been inureor less investigated :—North, Coasts of Londonderry and Antrim.—East, Counties
of Antrim, Down, Louth, Dublin, Wicklow.— West, Bundoran, co. Donegal ; Ballysodare, co. Sligo ; Birterbury and Roundstone bays (Dr. Farran) ; Clifden, Killery
and Clew bays, &c., (R. Ball, E. Forbes, G. C. Hyndman, W. T.) in the counties of Mayoand Galway ; Miltown Malbay, co. Clare.—South, Bantry Bay, Youghal, Cork harbour.
1- (I.) throughout the Report denotes species known as Irish, and not as British.

249

ON THE FAUNA OF IRELAND.

The larger native Cephalopoda were noticed in the old county histories,
and a few additional species have been briefly indicated by myself in theProceedings of the Zoological Society' (1834), p. 31, and in the Annals ofNat. Hist.' vol. v. p. 10. Mr. R. Ball, in bringing before the Royal Irish
Academy a notice of a new species of Loligo (L. Eblane) on Nov. 30, 1839,
announced the other indigenous species of that genus*, and on the 10th ofJanuary, 184.2, described before the same Society two new species of Rossia,
and noticed all the Irish species of Cephalopoda of which he was cognisant.
These are published in the Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy of that
date. An Eledone in my possession, from Belfast bay, though closely allied.
to E. octopodia, seems to be distinct. Octopus vulgaris is given on the authority of Templeton only, who remarks that it is " not uncommon," an expression which, taken in connection with the omission of Eled. octopodia fromhis catalogue, leads me to believe that this latter was probably the species
meant. If the Octopus vulgaris be included, the Irish list contains all the
British species excepting Eledone Aldrovandi, described by Mr. Macgillivray
within the present year in his 'Mollusca of Aberdeenshire.' Five of the
Irish Cephalopoda—Sepia rupellaria, Loligo subulata, L. Eblane, Rossia
Oweni, R. Jacobi—are not known as British species.
Distribution.

•
Class PTEROPODA.

Hyalxa trispinosa, Cuv. (Anim. King. by Gruff. vol. xii. Mollusca, pl. 3.
f. 7.) (I.)? Peracle Flemingi, Forbest ; Fusus retroversus, Flem.

O

z p-4

O

•

•

•

•

• •

•

•

•

No species of this class can be noted with certainty as taken on
the coast of Great Britain, it being doubtful whether the Peracle
Flemingi belong to the Pteropoda. This species is only known
as Irish from some specimens being found by Mr. Hyndman inshell-sand collected by Mrs. Hancock at Bundoran, on the coast of
Donegal, in the summer of 1840. Of 11:yalea trispinosa, a single
example with the contained animal was found by Mr. R. Ball on
the beach near Youghal, county of Cork, some years ago, and at
the same time with three species of the pedunculated Cirrhipeda,(A. lavis, A. sulcata, A. fascicularis) a Spirula australis, and an
Ianthina communis. The Anatife were attached to the mast of avessel, and in their " tangled mass" the Hyalcea and Spirula occurred.
Class GASTEROPODA.

Order Nucleobranchiata.
Sagitta Britannica, Forbes? Report in present volume

This order was fi rst introduced to the British Fauna at the present meeting by Professor E. Forbes, who a few years since obtained examples of it in
the Frith of Forth and British Channel in a species which he has named
Sagitta Britannica. About the same time, Dr. G. J. Allman obtained similar
Mollusca (of which he made drawings) on the coast of Cork, but whether
they be of the same species is uncertain.
* Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, vol. i. p. 362, where L. Eblance is well
figured.
t Sec his Report in present volume.

250

RE PORT-1843
Distribution.

Class GASTEROPODA.
Order Nudibranchiata.

z

O

c/2

Doris tuberculata, Cur. ; D. argo, Penn.
3
repanda, Alder L• Hancock, Ann. Nat. Flist. vol. ix. p. 32
bilamellata, Lin.; D. verrucosa, Penn.
affinis, Thomp. Ann. N. H. vol. v. p. 85 (I.)
3
Thomp. MSS. (I.)
muricata, Mull. Thomp. Ann. N. H. vol. v. p. 86
aspera, Ald. 8r Hanc. Ann. N. H. vol. ix. p. 32*•
pilosa, Cum ; D. nigricans, Nem
3
3
sublawis, now. Ann. N. H. vol. v. p. 87 (I.)
3
Goniodoris nodosa, Mont. (sp.)
33var. G. Barvicensis, Johnst. (sp.)
3elongata, Thomp. Ann. N. H. vol. v. p. 88 (I.)
IP
3
Polycera quadrilineata, Mull. (sp.)
3
3 3
3
typica, Thomp. Ann. N. H. vol. v. p. 92 (I.)
PP
Hanc. Ann. N. H. vol. ix. p. 33
ocellata, Ald.
PP
3
citrina, Ald. Ann. N. H. vol. vi. p. 340
PP
cristata, Ald.
„
11
PI
3
Euplocamus cJaviger, Mull. (sp.)
syn. E. plumosus, Ann. N. H. vol. v. p. 90
3
E. pulcher, Mag. N. H. vii. p. 490. & Ann. N. H. vii. p. 480
Tritonia Hombergii, Cuv.
3
plebeia, Johns. Ann. N. H. vol. i. p. 115„
arborescens,„3var. T. lactea, Ann. N. H. vol. v. 88 .
Melibcea fragilis, Forbes ; Malacol. Monensis**
coronata, Johnst. ; var. M. ornata, Ald. Hanc. Ann. N. H.
„
vol. ix. 34
Calliopea ? bifida ; Doris bif., Mont. Linn. Trans. xi. p. 198. t. 14. f. 3 ;Thomp. Ann. N. H. vol. vii. 480
Eolis papillosa, Lin. (sp.)
33
Zetlandica, Forbes, Athenaeum, 1839, p. 647
11P
Cuvieri, Lam., Johnst. Ann. N. H. vol. i. 120. pl. 3. f. 9-11
coronata, Forb. Athen. id.
PP33▪ pallida, Ald. 8r Hanc. Ann. N. H. vol. ix. p. 35
(I.)
xiii.
vol.
• alba,1P
3
PP
Farrani,
(I.)
11
11
PP
3
PP
11
Drummondi, Thomp.; E. rufibranchialis t, Ann. N. H. vol. v. p. 89 ( I • )
PP
? I•
3
Proctonotus mucroniferus, Ald. 8j Hanc. Ann. N. H. vol. xiii. (I.)
Alderia amphibia§, Allman, MSS. (I.)
Twenty species of Nudibranchia were recorded as Irish in 1810 II, a number
•

•

•

•

•

•

•

• •

0

*

•

• •

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

• •

•

•

•

•

•

equal to that known to be British in 1828,when Dr. Fleming's 'British Animals'* " (sp.)" throughout the Report denotes the specific name, and it only, to be thatof the author quoted.
-t- Mr. Alder, after an examination of the specimens so designated, considers thatthey are not the true E. rzffibranchialis: I have therefore proposed the above name, asfrom the sketches and minute description of the species in Dr. J. L. Drummond's
journal, it has become properly understood.
I The species of Eolis not named was dredged at Donaghadee in May 1813, by
Dr. Drummond, but unfortunately a description was not made out at the time of its
capture. The specimen on being submitted to Mr. Alder was stated to be cedainly
distinct from any of the preceding and to come nearest in form to his E. concinna
and E. vittata, though probably distinct from either of them.
§ Alderia is a new genus of Dr. Allman's, as Proctonotus is of Messrs. Alder andHancock.
11 Annals Nat. Hist. vol. v. p. 84 et seq., and vii, p. 480.

251

ON TIIE FAUNA OF IRELAND.

appeared. Since the latter period the British catalogue of species belonging
to this beautiful order of Mollusca has been greatly augmented by the labours
of Dr. Johnston*, Mr. Edward Forbest, Mr. Alder , and Mr. Hancock, andabove all by the two latter gentlemen, who, studying the subject conjointly,
have by the very complete and philosophical manner in which their investigations were conducted, thrown the greatest light upon the order Nudibranchia.
The number of British species now known is sixty-five §, of which twentythree have been met with in Ireland ; to these latter are to be added eleven
species unknown as British, making the number of Irish altogether thirty-four—of these eleven, two constitute new genera, and the remaining nine are,with the exception of the Doris muricata of the Zoologia Danica,' believed
to be new species and are indicated in the preceding catalogue by the initial" (I.)" All of the British genera but two—Eubranchus and Calliopeall—
have been procured on the Irish coast ; the former is known only from its
occurrence in one instance to Mr. Forbes in the Isle of Man ; the latter was
as a British genus announced for the first time at the present meeting: upon
the Irish coast only the new genera Proctonotus and Alderia have been obtained. The genus Proctonotus, together with two new species of Eolis andseven species known as British, but not hitherto as Irish ¶, were added to ourcatalogue by Mr. Alder last autumn during little more than three days' examination of, the Dublin coast : within a similar time about equally good results
have been obtained by Mr.Hyndman and myself in another locality, Strangfordlough; instances which show how much may be done in the Nudibranchia within a very limited period. Mr. Alder (who in conjunction with Mr. Hancock is
engaged in a monograph of the whole of the British species belonging to thisorder) having expressed a desire to examine my specimens noticed in the fi fth
and seventh volumes of the Annals of Natural History,' they were at once
placed in his hands. This has unexpectedly proved serviceable to myself on
the present occasion, as I have had the benefit of his revision of what had
been written on the Irish species. Mr. Alder's information on the subject so
far surpasses my own, that his opinion has been implicitly followed throughout the preceding catalogue with respect to what are good species, what only
varieties, &c.
Distribution.
Class GASTEROPODA.
Order Inferobranchiata.
Pleurobranchus plumula ; Bulla plum. Mont? membranaceus ; Lamellaria memb. Mont.

O

O

Co

• ••

•

•

•

Are the British species of the order Inferobranchia.
Class GASTEROPODA.
Order Tectibranchiata.
Aplysia depilans, Lin„ punctata,* Annals Nat. Mist. vol. i.
f Annals Nat. Hist. vol. v. p. 102 et seq.; Malarologia Monensis, Report, British
Association, 1839, p. SO.
Annals Nat. Hist. vol. vi. ix. xiii.
§ Messrs. Alder and Hancock have contributed about twenty-five species to thisnumber within the last two or three years.
11 Mr. Alder marks Doris bifida, Mont. (which has been obtained in Belfast bay)with doubt, as belonging to this genus. Montagua he considers not to be genericallydistinct from Rolls. Calliopea dendriiica—the British species —is described in Annals
Nat. Hist. for Oct. 1843.
¶ Two of these species, obtained by Dr. Geo. J. Allman on the coast of Cork in
August 1842, have been forwarded to me since the preceding was written.

252

REPORT-1843.

Distribution.
Class GASTEROPODA.

U) z

Order Tectibranchiata.
Bulla lignaria, Lin.
• akera, Mont.
• hydatis, Lin., Don.
Cranchii, Leach; B. striata, Brown..
umbi l icata, Mont.
diaphana, Turt. ; Diaphana pellucida, Brown, Illus.
cylindracea, Pen., Mont.
truncata, Adams., Montobtusa, Mont.
hyalina, Tart
• pectinata, DAL,. ; B. scabra, Mull. Zool. Dan.
Bullcea aperta ; Bulla aperta, Lin., Montpunctata, Adams, (sp.)
catena, Mont.,
•

3

PP
PP

PP
PP

PP

••

0••

PP

(sp.)

PP

?*

(1.)

• ••

•••

•••

• ••

In this order are six British species of Bulla (the rarest, four ofthem being late additions), which have not a place in the Irish
catalogue :—one species included only in the latter is believed
to be new. Elysia viridis (Aplysia viridis, Flein., Brit. Anim.),a singular species discovered by Montagu in Devonshire, is theremaining desideratum.
Class GASTEROPODA.
Order Pulmonifera Inoperculata.
Fain. Limacidce.
Arlon ater, Lin., (sp.)„ hortensis, Fey.
Geomalacus maculosust, Allman (I.)
Liniax maximus, Lin.; L. cinereus, Drap.
arboreus, Bouchard 1.„
flavus, Lin., Drap., ; L. variegatus, Fer.
agrestis, Lin.
carinatus, Leach; L. Sowerbii, Fer.
gagates, Drap.1: (I.)
Testacellus haliotideus, For.
PP

3

..

1

PP

.3

PP

Fain. Helicidce.
Vitrina pellucida, Mull. (sp.)
Helix aspersa, 1iull.
„ hortensis, Lister
nemoralis, Lin.
arbustorum, Lin.
pulchella, Mull.
fusca, Mont.
fulva, Mull.

•••

...

PP

70

3

PP

*

The species to which specific names are not applied are unknown as British, andcannot be identified in the many works referred to ; all of them have been seen by
Mr. Alder, and are unknown to him, as are the few which have been seen by Professor Edw. Forbes to him also. They, together with the species to which manuscript
names have been applied, will be described in the Annals of Natural History.
See Proceedings of Section Zoology and Botany at Cork Meeting, present volume.
t See Annals Nat. Hist. vol. vi. p. 204 and 205, and same work, vol. xii. (November 1843) article by Rev. B. J. Clarke, " On the species of Li nazi found in Ireland."253

ON THE FAUNA OF IRELAND.

Distribution.

Class GASTEROPODA.
•

Order Pulmonifera Inoperculata.

7.4

O

z

Fam. Helicida.

En CO
En

CO

0
C/2

PC
41

Helix aculeata, Mull.
lamellata, Jeff. ; H. Scarburgensis, Bean.
* 3
PP3,, granulata, Alder. ; H. hispida, Mont.
hispida, Mull.
3
JP*.
var. sericea, Mull.
var. concinna, Ay
3 3
4
rufescens, Penn., Mont
3
PP,, pisana, Mull. ; H. cingenda, Montvirgata, Mont. ; H. variabilis, Drap.
PP
caperata, Mont.; H. striata, Drop.
PP
ericetorurn, Mull.
3
PP
rotundata, MO.; H. radiata, Mont.
3
PP
* 3
3
,, umbilicata, Mont. ; H. rupestris, Drap.
*
pygmeea, Drap..
PP
3I, alliaria, Miller
ii, cellaria, MO. ; H. nitida, Drop* 3pura, Alder.
PP,, nitidula, Drop.
radiatula, Alder.
lucida, Drap.
p,
excavata, Bean3
PP
„ crystallina, Drap.
3
Succinea putris, Lin. (sp.) ; S. amphibia, Drop.
3 3 3
Pfeifferi, Rossm. ; S. gracilis, Alderff
3
Bulimus obscures, Mull. (sp.)
acutus, Bruy.; B. fasciatus, Penn. (sp.)„
33lubricus, MO/. (sp.)„
3
3 3Achatina acicula, Lam.
Pupa umbilicata, Drap
3
„ Anglica, Fer. (sp.)
33„ marginata, Drop.
3 3
Vertigo edentula, Drap. (sp.)
3pygmwa, Fer.
IP
substriata, Jeff: Gray's ed. Turt. Man. ; V. sexdentata, Turt.
,,
3 3
3
Man
...
„
palustris, Leach; V. septemdentata, Fer. ..
3„pusilla, Mull. ; Pupa vertigo, Drop3
angustior, Jeff. ; Pupa vertigo, Mont.
„
3
Bakea perversa, Mont. (sp.)
3
Clausilia bidens, Mull. (sp.)
3nigricans, Pult., Dillw. (sp.) C. rugosa, Drop.
PP
3
3
3
•••

• • •

• • .

•••

e ll •

Fame Auriculadce.
Carychium minimum, Mull.
Acme fusca, Boys L Walker (sp.) ; Auricula lineata, Drop
Auricula denticulata, Mont. (sp.) ; A. personata, Desh., Lam
bidentata, Mont. (sp.) ; Fer.
PP
alba, Mont. (sp.)
PP
fusiformis, Tart. (sp.); Vol. fusiformis, Turt. Conch. Pict. p. 251
Of

Fam. Limneadce.
Limneus auricularius, Mont. (sp.)
one
species,W.
T
pereger, Mont. (sp.)
involutus, Harvey, Ann. N. H. vol. v. p. 22. pl. 1 (I.)
1.0
stagnalis, Mont. (sp.)
PP

254

REPORT-1843.

Class GASTEROPODA.
Order Parnonifera Inopereulata.
Fam. Lintneada.
Limneus palustris, Mont. (sp.)
truncatulus, Mull. (sp.) ; L. fossarius, Mont. (sp.) ; L. minutus, Drap„glaber, Mull. (sp.) ; L. elongatus, Drap.
Amphipeplea glutinosa, Mull. (sp.)*Ancylus fluviatilis, Mull., Drap.
„
lacustris, Mull., Drap.
Physa fontinalis, lktont. (sp.)„ hypnorum, Mont. (sp.)
Planorbis corneus, Mont. (sp.)
albus, Mid/. ; P. hispidus, Drap
Nevis, AlderPl
imbricatus, Mull. ; P. cristatus, Drap
PP
carinatus, Mull.
PP
mnbilicatus, Mull. ; P. marginatus, Drap
Pf
vortex, Mull.
spirorhis, Mull. ; P. vortex, 13 Drapffnitidus, Mull. ; P. fontanus, Mont. (sp.) ; P. complanatus,
Drap.
contortus, Mull.

Distribution.
.4J

4.;

O

1-2
0
tI2

z
3

3

• • •

3

3 *
• •

• •

3
3
3

3
3

3

3
3
3

3 3
3
3 *

3

3

*

3

*

3

3

3

3

* * * *The Pulmonifera of Ireland being treated of very fully in the sixth
volume of the Annals of Natural History, it need only be stated here, thatthe British catalogue contains nineteen speciest, which are not in the Irish,
and the latter three, which are not in the former. These are Geomalacus
maculosus, Lirnax gagates, and Limneus involutus; the Limax arboreus,
though unpublished as a British species, is not included, as I have found it tobe as common in Ayrshire and the Isle of Wight, as in Ireland. The genericforms which have not a place in the Irish catalogue are Azeca and Segmentina.
Class GASTEROPODA.
Order Pulmonffera Operculata.
Cyclostoma elegans, Mull. (sp.)

33This is the only British species of the Order. A single specimen of the Gyclostonza productum is stated by Dr. Turton to havebeen found by himself in the west of Ireland. Manual Brit.
Land, &c. Shells, p. 91.
Class GASTEROPODA.

Order Pectinibranchiata.
Fam. TUrbinidee.
Eulima polita, Pull., Mont. (sp.)
3 3 3 3subulata, Don. (sp.) ; E. bilineata, Jelf.
3
3
distorta, Phil. (sp.) ; Melania distorta, Phil. (I ?)ff
3 3* I have been enabled to include the Ample. plutinosa since this Report was sent topress, through the kind attention of Mr. Wm. Andrews of Dublin, who favoured mewith specimens collected by him last summer in the canal near that city.
t In this number, two species are included which have not been found northward of
the Channel Islands; the others are partially distributed in England, and two or three
only reach so far north as Scotland.
+ Mr. Alder thinks E. polita of Macgillivray's Aberdeenshire Mollusca may be thisff

species.

255

ON TIIE FAUNA OF IRELAND.

Distribution.

Class GASTEROPODA.
Order Pectinibranchiata.
Fam. Turbinidce.

•0z

Eulima ? Jeffreysii. (Gen. Parthenia?)
Parthenia (Lowe) decussata, Mont. (sp.) ; Turbo, Montelegantissima, Mont. (sp.)
indistincta, Mont. (sp.)
fulvocincta, Thomp. (sp.) ; Turritella indistincta, Flem.
unica, Mont. (sp.) ; Turbo, Mont.
nitidissima, Mont. (sp.) ; Turbo, Mont.
ascaris, Tart. (sp.)
glabra, Leach, (sp.) ; Alvania glabra, Leach, Brit. Mus. *Turritella terebra, Lin. (sp.)
Truncatella Montagui, Lowe; Turbo subtruncata, Mont.
?
Paludina vivipara, Mull.
*tentaculata, Lin. (sp.) ; P. impura, Lam.
Littorina communis ; Turbo littoreus, Lin.
*
ccerulescens, Lin. (sp.) ; Turbo petrzea, Montrudis, Mont. (sp.)
tenebrosa, Mont. (sp.)
var ? saxatilis. Bean*
neritoides, Lam. ; Nerita littoralis, Linn
Lacuna puteola, Tart.
pallidula, Don., Mont. (sp.)„*
crassior, Mont. (sp.)„*
quadrifasciata, Mont. (sp.)„
one*
Turbo vinctus, Mont. ; T. canalis, Mont
Rissoa cimex, Lin., Don. (sp.) ; R. crenulata, Mich.?
calathisca, Laskey (sp.)
striatula, Mont. (sp.)
punctura, Mont. (sp.)-t
Harvey i, Thomp. (I.)
costata, Adams., Mont. (sp.)*
parva, Mont. (sp.)
rufilabrum, Leach; R. violacea, Desm. ?
reticulata, Mont. (sp.)
semicostata, Mont. (sp.)
Bryerea, Mont. (sp.)1.• (on Brown's authority)
striata, Adams., Mont. (sp.)
labiosa, Mont. (sp.)
ventricosa, Mont. (sp.)
auricularis, Mont. (sp.) (on Turton's authority)? ulwe, Penn., Mont. (sp.)? subumbilicata, Mont. (sp.)*
interrupta, Adams., Mont. (sp.)
rubra, Adams., Mont. (sp.)
vitrea, Mont. (sp.)
nivosa, Mont. (sp.) (on Turton's authority)
unifasciata, Mont. (sp.) (on authority of Turton's Catalogue of}Irish Shells)
rupestr is, Forbes*
cingilla, Mont. (sp.)
alba, Adams., (sp.)
BalliEe, Thomp. (I.)
IP

PP

7P

IP

(1)
; 11

z

U)

*

11

*

yy

PP

PP

PP

•••

•••

*
3 •

(sp.)

77

*
*
*

PP

*

PP

PP

./P

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP
PP

PP
PP
PP

PP

PP
PP

••

•

*

11
PP
PP

PP

•••

•••

•••

*

* " Possibly a worn T. ascaris," Alder.
Obtained in a subfossil state by the Rev. D. Landsborough in Ayrshire.
Brown, referring to Turbo Bryereus as described and fi gured by Montagu andDonovan, mentions one specimen having been found at Portmarnock.

256

REPORT

1843.
Distribution.

Class GASTEROPODA.

.dt

Order Pectinibranchiata.
Fam. Turbinidee.

tal

4
t°

g
7;

2 4 3 .53

Rissoa semistriata, Mont. (sp.) ; R. tristriata, Thomp. Ann. Nat. Hist.
* ••• * *vol. v. p. 98. pl. 2. f. 10„ dispar, Mont. (sp.) ; Turbo ziczac, Mat. 8f Rack. (on authority
*
*
•••
4
of Turton and Brown)*„ glabra, Brown, Illus. ; R. ? albella, Alder••• * *
„ decussata, Mont. (sp.) (on Turton's authority)
3
Odostornia pallida, Mont. (sp.)* 3unidentata, Mont. (sp.)
4g? * *
plicata, Mont. (sp.)* * 3spiralis, Mont.
**in *interstincta, Mont. (sp.)
cylindi ca, Alder,)obliqua, Alder? (I.)...
Skenea depressa, Mont. (sp.)„ seipuloides, Mont. (sp.) (on Turton's authority)
Valvata piscinalis, Mull. (sp ) La»t. ; V. obtusa, Brard
istata, Mull. ; V. spirorbis, Drap.
...
P.1

PP

(sp.)

Pi

••.

II

*

•

•••

•

•••

*

*

3

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

•••

*

*

*

*

*

3

*

4

*

+

*

4

4

3

-4

*

*

*
*

*

*

PP

*
•

PP

*

*

3

*

4

*

* ?

*

*

*

3

4

••• *

• *

*

*

*

3

*

*

*

••• 4

PP

*

•

•

PP

Cl

4

•

Fam. Trochida.
Neritina fl uviatilis, List., Lin. (sp.) t
Phasianella pulla, Lin. (sp.)
Trochus magus, Lin.
umbilicatus, Monts
cinerarius, Penn.
littoralis, Brown (on Brown's authority)
tumidus, Montpapillosus, Donziziphinus, Lin
exasperatus, Pennmillegranus, Phil. ; T. Martini, Smith.
striatus, Mont. ; T. Montagui
Monodonta ciassa, Mont. (sp.) ; Trochus crassus
Margarita communis ; Turbo margarita, Mont.
Adeorbis § subcarinatus ; Helix subc., Mont.
lanthma communis, Lam. ; „ Ianthina, Lin
exigua, Sow.
nitens, Menke (I.)...
Scalaria clathrus, Penn. (sp.)
clathratulus, Walk. (sp.)
Turtom, Turt.
Trevelyana, Leach
Planaxis lineata, Da Costa, (sp.) ; Bucc. hneatum
PI

PP

PP

*

*

3

.

••

*

011

•••

*

*

*

*

3

PP

4

*

4

*

PP

4

3

••• 3

IP

PP

*

••••••••• *** Noticed by Mr. John Humphreys likewise as found in Cork harbour.
Turton mentions his finding several specimens of Nerita viryinea (Lister, p1.606.
f. 35-37) among the sand at Seafield, in the west of Ireland, on the Atlantic." Conch.
Diet. p. 127.
54e lat. most northern locality.
§ Adeorbis, Wood (S. V.), Annals Nat. Hist. vol. ix. p. 530.
jj A specimen of this shell was found by Mr. Warren at Bray near Dublin, andset eral specimens were obtained by Mr. Hyndman from shell- sand collected at Bundolman, county of Donegal, by Mrs. Hancock. Professor E. Forbes remarks,----" although this shell is called ' Planaxis' I think it is much more probably a Nassa ;especially if the Irish specimens be truly native."

ON THE FAUNA OP IRELAND.
Distribution.

Class GASTEROPODA.
Order Pectinibranchiata.
Fan]. Cerithiada.
Cerithium Pennantii, Monti). ; Ann. N. H. vol. v. p. 12 ; Turbo

A.;

50

•••
0

z

r.C
Tt1
4

•••

•••

•••

JP

3

• • •

3

PP

*

3

*

11

a •

•••

•••

3

••• *

3

•••

*

••• *

*

*

*

*

3

3

3

3*
•••

3

••111

tubercularis, Penn. ; Murex fuscatus, Mont.
tubercularis, Mont. (sp.)
reticulatum, Mont. (sp.) ; C. lima, Lam
costatum, Don., Mont. (sp.)*
Triphoris adversus, Mont. (sp.) ; Murex adv., Mont.; Terebra perversa, Fleur.

•••Fam. Buccinid(et.
Nassa reticulata, Lin. (sp.)
macula, Mont. (sp.) ; N. incrassata„ ambigua, Pult., Mont. (sp.)1:
Purpura lapillus, Lin. (sp.)
Monoceros hepaticus, Mont. (sp.) (on the authority of Brown & Turton)
Buccinum undatum, Lin.
var. B. carinatum, Tart.
Humphreysianum, Bennet (I.)§
fusiforme, Brod. Zool. Journ. v. p. 44. t. 3. f. 3. (I.)
ovum, Turt.
••? (I.)
Fusus antiquus, Lin. (sp.) ; F. despectus,*
corneus, Lin. (sp.) ; Bucc. angustior, Lister3
var. ? F. fenestratus, Turt. Mag. N. H. vol. viii. (E. Forbes)
muricatus, Mont. (sp.)
3
Barvicensis, Johnst.
„ Banffius, Don., Mont. (sp.)
Pleurotoma Boothii, Smith, (sp.) Wern. Mem. vol. viii.
turricula, Mont. (sp.)*
costata, Penn., Mont. (sp.)
septangularis, Mont. (sp.)*
attenuata, Mont. (sp.)*
3
nebula, Mont. (sp.)
rufa, Mont. (sp.) ; Murex chordula, Turt. Conch. Dict.
p. 94. young
linearis, Mont. (sp.)
3
purpurea, Mont. (sp.)
3
gracilis, Mont. (sp.)
sinuosa, Mont. (sp.) (on Turton's authority)
Trevellyanum, Turt., Mag. N. H. vol. viii.
(I.)

}

P1

PP

1P

PP

PP

JP

PP

PP

4

11

3
3

3

PP
PP

3

IP

(I.)
(I.)

Triton erinaceus, Penn. (sp.)
Aporrhais pes-pelecani, Lin. (sp.)

•••

•••

3

3
3
3

3

* This is considered by some naturalists as a doubtful Irish species. Dillwyn was
the fi rst to notice it, and the locality he gave was Bantry bay. I have seen specimens
which were said to be from this locality, and others stated to be from the Waterford
coast, but by whom collected I could not learn with certainty.
t Pyrula carica. Turton was imposed on with respect to this shell having beenfound in the county of Down coast.
I Noticed by Turton as found at Portmarnock (Conch. Diet. p. 16), and by Mr.
John Humphreys (in a MS. catalogue) as obtained in Cork harbour.
§ B. Anglicanum, made synonymous with this in Flem. Brit. Anim., is considered a
distinct species by Mr. Alder, to whom B. Humphreysianum is unknown as British.

1843.

258

REPORT-1843.
Class GASTEROPODA.

Distribution.
• I

Order Pectinibranchiata.
Fam. Involutce.
Cyprma Europtea, Mont.

0z w 3 0

Erato kevis, Don. (sp.) ; Marginella voluta
Tornatella fasciata, Lam. ; T. tornatilis* ••• * ** * * *

* * * *

Fam. Sigctreticice.
Sigaretus perspicuus, Lin. (sp.); Bulla haliotidea, Mont. .
; Lamellaria tent. Mont., Linn. Trans. xi
tentaculatus
PP

Velutina Ixvigata, Lin. (sp.)
otis, Tart.

* * *
•••

Fam. Naticida.
Natica monilifera, Lam. ; N. glaucina, British authors* * ** * * *

Alderi, Forbes; N. canrena, Mont.
? Ann. N. H. vol. v. p. 99. " var. N. Alderi ?" Mr. Alderin litt.
sulcata, Tart. (sp.)
glabrissima, Brown, (sp.) Irish Test. Wen,. Mem. vol. ii. p. 532
pl.-24. f. 12.—doubtful species
nitida, Don. (sp.) ; Nei:. mammilla, Tnrt. (on Turton's authority) • • • *
•••

),

•

PP

•

•

•

•

•

Of about 160 species of British Pectinibranchia, 35 are unknown as Irish ;they are the rarest species, and the greater number of them have been met
with only in a single locality—not one is of common occurrence. About 12
species obtained in Ireland have not a place in the British catalogue. The
British genera unknown as Irish, are Turb0, Delphinula, Stylina, Flem.,
Volva (Ovula?), Volvaria, Dolium, Terebrat, and Assiminea.
Class GASTEROPODA.
Order Scutibranchiata.
Haliotis tuberculata, Lin.t.
Calyptrzea Sinensis ; Patella, Lin.
„
Capulus Ungaricus ;antiquatus ;Mont.
„militaris ;Lin.; F. apertura, young
Fissurella grzeca ;Emarginula fissura ; „Lottia virginea, 4.1/u//, (sp.) ; Patella parva, Mont.
svn. L. pulchella, Farb,, testudinalis, Mull. (sp.) ; Patella Clealandi, Sow.
„ fulva, Mull. (sp.) Zool. Dan. ; Patella Forbesii, Smith
PI

PP

?

1P

•

•

•

3

PP

•••

IP

3

PI

IP

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

The above Scutibranchia include all but three British species,
and which are very rare, viz. Scissurella crispata, found at Zetland
by Dr. Fleming ; Emarginula rosea at Poole in Dorsetshire by Professor Bell ; and Puncturella noachina at Oban, in Argyleshire, by
the Rev. R. T. Lowe.
* T. mainmillatus and T. tuberosissimus, the Brit. species.—Cyclostrenza Zetlandica
comes under the genus Rissoa.
f T. subulata, the Brit. species.
I In Mr. Templeton's journal, the following note appears—" Oct. 24, 1811.
Received a Haliotis tuberculatus dredged up on the county Down shore, near Groomsport." Capt. Brown in his Irish Testacea' mentions on the authority of Templeton,that specimens had been obtained at another locality in the same county. Mr.
O'Kelly states—in Walsh and Whitelaw's Dublin—that " one specimen was found at

Bullock [Dublin coast] and is in the possession of James Tardy, Esq."

259

ON THE FAUNA OF IRELAND.

Distribution.

GASTEROPODA.
O

4)

z
U)
Order Cirrhobranchiata.
Dentalium dentalis, Lin. ; D. eburneum* *entalis, Lin. ; D. labiatum, Brown* * ••• *striatulum, Turt. C. D.
* *semistriatum, Turt. C. D. (on Turton's authority)**
The Dentalium glabrum, Mont., and Dent. trachea, Mont., which comeunder the genus Cwcum of Fleming and Brochus of Brown, have been foundat Miltown Malbay, on the coast of Clare, by Mr. W. H. Harvey, and at Bundoran, co. Donegal. Capt. Brown figures (pl. 1. Illustrations) three speciesof Brochus, which he calls new, from the coast of Ireland, viz. B. reticulates
and B. annulatus, from the county of Down ; B. arcuatus from Bantry bay—at this last locality B. striatus, Brown, occurred to myself. Naturalists seem
not yet to have agreed about the position of this genus ; some make it Annelidan. Mr. Clark of Bath (as I learn from Mr. Alder) proved it to belong to
the Gasteropodoits Mollusca. Philippi brings it—his genus Odontidium—
under Pteropoda.
GASTEROPODA.
Order CYCLOBRANCHIATA.
Patella vulgata, Lie. (var. P. depressa, Penn., Dublin coast)
5'? intorta, Penn. (on Turton's authority.)
pellucida,
lEevis, List. ; P. ccerulea, Mont.
5'„ ? exigua, Forbes ; P. ancyloides, Forbes
Chiton fascicularis, Lin.
marginatus, Penn. Flem. Br. Anim.
ruber, Lin. Flem. B. A.
Flem. B. A.
cinereus,
fuscatus, Brown
MOW. Flem. B. A.
albus, Lin. Flem. B. A.
lxvigatus, Flem B. A.
3
The above species of Cyclobranchict perhaps include all thosepublished that can be given with certainty as British.
O

PP

IP

f f

PP

Nevis,PPPPClass ACEPHALA.
Order BRACHIOPODA.
Terebratula psittacea, Turf.
aurita, Flem.
Crania personata, Sow. ; Criopus anomalus, Flern.
*
Turton mentions a single specimen of " Anomia terebratula" dredged alivein Dublin bay and placed in the museum of the Dublin Society. In August
last, when visiting this collection in company with Mr. Alder, a Terebratula
psittacea (sp.) labelled "Dublin bay," was observed, but whether it was the shell
alluded to by Turton we could not ascertain. On looking over the OrdnanceMuseum we saw a specimen of T. aurita, which was dredged at the entranceof Belfast bay. Crania personata has been brought up from very deep water
off Youghal by Mr. R. Ball, and has been obtained by Mr. John Humphreys
on Pinna ingots, &c., dredged in Cork harbour and off Kinsale. The British
PP* Turton's Dentaliam clausum is advisedly omitted as a species.
s2

260

REPORT-1843.

list contains but one species in addition to those named as Irish
cranium, which is occasionally taken at Zetland.
Class ACEPHALA.
Order LAMELLIBRANCIIIATA.
Div. MONOMYARIA.
Fain. Ostreade.
Anomia electrica, Lin

the Ter.

Distribution.
•
•
Ci)

z

}one species • .

ephippium, Lin.; A. cepa, Lin..
squamula, Lin. ...
PP
undulata, Gm., Mont.
PP
punctata, Turt.
PP
cylindrica, Tart. ; A. cymbiformis
PP
aculeata, Mont.
PP
Ostrea edulis, Lin. ; 0. parasitica, Turt. (young)

O

(f)

frcti

3

PP

3

3

3
••

•

•••

•••

•

4•0

•••

3

• •

•

3

3

Fam. Pectenide.
Pecten maximus, Lin. (sp.)*
opercularis, Lin.
var. P. lineatussinuosus, Turt.
glaber, Penn., Mont.
syn.? P. nebulosus, Brown
lievis, Penn., Mont. ; P. tumidus, Tart. ; P. similis, Laskey,}••• 3
one species ? (E. Forbes)
obsoletus, Penn., Don.
*3
„ varius, Lin. (sp.)**
Lima fragilis, Mont.
*„ tenera, Turt. Zool. Journ. vol. ii.
„ subauriculata, lllont. (sp.)
3

3
3
•••

3

3
•••

•••

•••

3
•••

Div. DIMYARIA.
Fain. Aviculadce.
Avicula atlantica, Lam.t•••

Fain. A/Tat/cc.
Arca Now, Lin.

•••

,1 fusca, Mont. (not Lam.); A. tetragona of authors.
lactea, Lin.?, Mont. (the species marked with doubt by Turton)IPbarbata, Brown, Wern. Mem. vol. ii. p. 512. pl. 24. f. 3. (I.)
Pectunculus pilosus, Lin. (sp.) ; P. decussatus, Turt. ; P. nummarius, Turf
Nucula margaritacea, Lam.; Arca nucleus, Lin.
minuta, Mont. (sp.)
PP
tenuis, lllont. (sp.)..
nitida, Sow. Conch. Illus. f. 20
PP

•••

•••

3
*00

3
044

•••

3
3
3

Fam. Mytilidce.
Mytilus edulis, Lin. ; M. incurvatus, M. subsaxatilis, &c...

3

Crenella decussata, Laskey (sp.) ; Myt. decussata, Mont. ; Cren. ellip3
tica, Brown, Illus.
Modiola vulgaris ; Myt. modiola, Penn.; Mod. papuana, Lam.
3
3tulipa, Lam.
3
* P. jacobeeus is noticed by Turton, &c. as an Irish shell, but I believe erroneously.
t The specimens of Avicula hirundo obtained by Miss Hutchins at Bantry bay and
Mr. Warren at Portmarnock, are most probably this species. Fide Lam. tom. vii. p. 99.
2nd edit.
•

•

261

ON THE FAUNA OF IRELAND.

Distribution.

-5:
0
z

Fam. Mytilicke.
Modiola Gibsii, Leach

•

•

•

-61

0
P4

•••

3

? (I.)

discrepans, Mont. (sp.), not Lam.
marmoratus, Forb. Malacol. Monensis, p. 44 ; Myt discors,,,Mont. (see Lam. vii. p. 23. 2nd ed.)Pinna fragilis, Tart. Brit. Biv....
pectinata,
one species
muricata,
papyracea,

* *

}

3
••

• • •

YY

.1)

PP

• • •

51

•••

•

••

•••

•••

•

•

•

Fain. Unionidce.
Anodon cygneus ; Mytilus cyg., Mont. ; A. cyg. and A. anatina, Drap. ;A. intermedia and A. cellensis, Pfeiff. (one species)
Alasmodon margaritiferum ; Mya marg., Mont.; Unio marg., Drap.

3
3

•••

•••

Fam. Camacade.
Isocardia cor ; Chama cor, Lin. ; I. Hibernica, Buiwer•••

Fam. Conchacea.
Cardium echinatum, Lin.
elongatum, Mont.
nodosum, Mont.
exiguum, Mont.
edule, Lin.
var. fasciatum, Mont.
medium, Lin.
kevigatum, Lin. ; C. serraturn(I.)
Donax trunculus, Lin. ; D. rubra, Tart. Br. Biv. (young)denticulate, Lin. (noticed by Brown and Turton only)„ complanata, Mont.
Tellina punicea, Tart.
fabula., Don.
similis, Sow.
donacina, Lin.
bimaculata, Lin., DWI.*
squalida, Mont. ; T. depressa, Don.
tenuis, Don.
crassa, Penn. ; T. maculata, Tart. Br. Biv.
solidula, Mont.
„ carnaria, Lin., Don. (on Turton's authority)
Lucina radula ; Tell. rad., Mont.
•rotundata ; Tell. rot., Mont.
spinifera ; Venus spin., Mont. ; Myrtea spin., Turt.
„ fl exuosa ; Tell. fl ex., Mont.
Amphidesrnat prismaticum, Laskey (sp.)
Boysii, Tart. Br. Biv.
tenue ; Ligula tenuis, Mont.
? (I.)
Cyprina Islandica ; Venus Isl., Lin.

*

•"

*

PP

PP

•••

*

3*

*

*

*

*

*

3*

3

•••

PP

7P

*

PP

*

*

*

*

3

*

PP

*

?

.3
•

PP

•

*

*

,,

PP

PP

PP
PP

PP

.. .

Yl

PP

* As this species is considered by some naturalists to have been erroneously introduced into our catalogues, it may be stated that Mr. R. Ball has specimens of it collected on the coasts of Clare and Cork, and that Mr. Warren of Dublin obtained one ina living state at Ardmore, county Waterford.
t Montagu's generic name Ligula should perhaps be adopted instead of rimphidesma.

262

REPORT-1843.
Distribution.

w
Fan]. Conchacece.
Cyprina minima ; Venus min., Mont.
triangularis ; Venus tri., Mont. (on Turton's authority)„
Mactra solida, Penn., .Mont.; M. crassa„
elliptica, Brown, Illust.
truncata, Mont.
„subtruncata, Mont.
„stultorum, Lin.
„var. M. cinerea, Mont.
Goodallia triangularis ; Mactra tri., Mont.
minutissima ; Mactra min., Mont. (on Turton's authority)
Lepton squamosum ; Solen squam., Mont.
..
Kellia suborbicularis ; Mya sub., Mont. .
„ rubra ; Cardium rubrum, Mont.
Montacuta substriata ; Ligula sub., Mont.
bidentata ; Mya bid., Mont.
ferruginosa ; Mya fer., Mont.
ovata ; Tellimya ovata, Brown, Illust.
purpurea ; Mya purp., Mont.
Ervilia nitens; Mya nitens, Laskey, Mont. (on Turton's authority)
Cyclas cornea ; Tellina cornea, Lin.
„ lacustris ; Tellina lac., Mull. ; C. calyculata, Drop.
Pisidium obtusale, Pfeif.? Jenyns•
nitidum, Jen. .
pusillum, Jen.
pulchellum, Ten
Henslowianum, Jen. ; Cyc. appendiculata, Turt. Man.
amnicum ; Cardium amni, Mont.; Cyclas palustris, Drap•
cinereum, Alder„
Astarte Damnonke ; Venus Damn., Mont.
Scotica ; Venus Scot., Mont.
„(I•)
Artemis exoleta ; Venus ex., Lin.
lincta ; Venus lincta, Pult.
? undata ; Venus undata, Penn., Mont.
„
Cytherea tigerina ; Venus tig., Lin. (on Brown's authority)
ovata ; Venus ovata, Penn., Mont.
Venus verrucosa, Lin. ; V. cancellata, Lin., Tart. (young)• cassina, Lin.; syn. V. reflexa, Lask., Mont.
• fasciata, D071*
Pennantii, Forb., Malac. Monensis, 52 ; V. rugosa, Penn. ;V. laminosa, Laskey
gallina, Lin.
sinuosa, Penn. (on the authority of Brown and Turton)
(I.)
(I.)
Pullastra aurea ; Venus aurea, Mont.; syn. V. nitens, Turt. ; V. xnea,
Turt., E. Forbes
perforans ; Venus perf., Mont.
vulgaris, Sow. ; Venus pullastra, food, Mont.
decussata ; V. dec., Lin. ...
virginea ; V. Virg., Lin.
var. V. Sarniensis
Venerupis irus ; Donax irus, Lin . .
Petricola ochroleuca, Lam. ; Psam. fragilis, Tart, Br. Biv. (I.)

•
4.1

z

2
•

•

•

..

3

3
3
•

•

•

•

•

3

•••

3

PP

•

•

PP

•••

•

•

•

• •

•

3

J1 1

PP

'JP

PP

•

•

•

•

•

3
•

•

•

?

3

PP

3-

PP

3

3
••

•

PP

PI

•

• ••

•

•

•

••

• ••

3

PP

3

P.P

PP

3
••

11

* Venus dysera of Bryce's Tables, &c. is a variety of V. fasciata.

•

..

•••

263

ON THE FAUNA OF IRELAND.

Distribution.
4.;

4.;
0

z

Fam. Pyloricice.
Corbula striata ; Mya inzequivalvis, Mont.
Sphenia Binghami, Tart. Br. Biv.
Pandora obtusa, Leach, Lam.*
Thracia convexa ; Anatina cony., Tart. Br. Biv
pub.,
pubescens ; „dec.,„declivis ;dist.,„
distorta ;Anatina preetenue,
Mya truncata, Lin. ; Sphenia Swainsoni, Turt., young, E. Forbes„ arenaria, Lin.
Lyonsia Norvegica ; " Mya Norv., Tart., Lin."
Lutraria vulgaris ; Mactra lutraria, Lin.
hians ; Mactra hians, Pult., Don.
„
compressa ; Listera comp., Tart. Br. Biv„
Psammobia tellinella, Lam. ; P. florida, Tart. Br. Biv.
P. costulata, Tart., syn. with lastFerroensis ; Tellina Fer., Mont. ...
vespertina, Tart. ; P. fl orida, Lam. (but not of British au- 1
thors) is the form found in Scotland (E. Forbes)
Solen vagina, Lin.
siliqua, Lin.
syn.? S. novacula, Mont.
ensis, Lin
pellucidus, Penn., Don.
legumen, Lin. . ..
antiquatus, Pult., Don.
fragilis, Pult., Mont.
„ strigillatus ; Psammobia strig., Tart.
Saxicava rugosa ; Mytilus rug., Lin. ; syn. Hiatella arctica, Flem.
PP

PP

0
c/a

•••

?
*
•••

IP

PP

4 GI,

PA

Pf

411

•••

•••

,,

PP

19

Fam. Tubicolce.
Gastrochwna pholadia, Mont. (sp.); Mya phol., Mont.; Gast. hians,
Flem.; Mya dubia, Penn.
•• .
Pholas crispata, Lin,•
lamellata, Turt.
striatus, Lin., Don. ; " conoides, Parsons," Fleni. Br. Anim.
dactylus, Lin•
parvus, Mont.
•„ candidus, Lin.
Teredo bipinnata, Tart.
„ navalis, Lin.
Xylophaga dorsalis, Turt
PO

• ••

•••

•••

*•
• • •

••

•

•••

•••

••

•

About 220 species of Lamellibranchia are included in the British Fauna,of which 155 are Irish : to these, eight only—indicated in the usual mannerin the preceding table—can be added, which have not a place in the catalogue of Great Britain, making the total number of Irish species 163. The
marine species of that island unknown to us are the rarest there, not one of
the many being Common, and nearly all being local and confined to one district.
It is not so with the freshwater species, Uniopictorum, U. tumidus, and Cyclas
rivicola, which are more widely diffused, but at the same time become rare
* Pandora inequivalvis (P. rostrata, Lam.). In Turton's catalogue of Irish Shells
it is stated that specimens said to be from Bantry were shown him, but in his subsequent works (Conch. Diet, and Brit. Biv.) no Irish station is given for the species.

264

REPORT-1843.

towards the north of England, and are not found at all in Scotland. The
generic forms wanting in Ireland are Lithoclomus, Capsa, Panopcea, Galeoma,
Unio, Grenatula, Necera# , all of which, with the exception of Unio, are veryrare :-they have each but one representative British species.
Distribution.
•

0

Mollusca Tunicata.

z

Ascidia mentula, Mull. Zool. Dan. vol. i. p. 6. t. 8. f. 1-4. (Phallusia, Say.)rustica,„p. 14. t. 15. f. 1-5. (Phallusia)
PP
PP
JP
„
p. 25. t. 25. (I.)
venosa,,,PP
PP
prunum,„p. 42. t. 34. f. ] -3
PP
PP
3
„
„
p. 42. t. 34. f. 4-6
conchilega,ypPPparallelogramma,
ii. p. 11. t. 49. (I.)
vol.
PP
PP
3
p.19. t. 55. f. 1-6. (Phallusia) (1.)
canina,
PP
PP
.Pf
PP
aspersa,
p. 32. t. 65. f. 2. (I.)••••••PI
IP
PP.IP
scabra,p. 33. t. 65. f. 3. (I.)
PP
PP
PP
PP
3
orbicularis,„
p. 53. t. 79. f. 1 & 2. (I.)
31
PP
PP
3
echinata,
VOLiv. p. 10. t. 130. f. 1
PP
PP
PP
mammillaris, Delle Chiaje, vol. iii. p. 187. 197. t. 45. f. 14. (I.)
PP
gemina, Templeton (R.) Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. vii. p. 129. f. 24. (I.) 3
PP
anceps,p. 130. f. 25.1
PP
PP
JP
PP
P.,
3
A. prunum ; (I ?)communis, Forbes MSS.
„
Phallusia intestinalis, Say. Mem. p. 169. t. 11. f. 1
3
„ p. 144. t. 2. f. 1. (I.)
Cynthia microcosmus, „*claudicans,„„ p. 150. t. 2. f. 1. (I.).
PP
3Clavellina lepadiformis, Say. ; Ascidia lepad., Mull. Z. D. vol. ii. p. 54. 1*
t. 79. f. 5
Distoma rubrum, Say. Mem. p. 177. t. 3. f. l . and t. 13. (I.)„
variolosum, Gaert. Say. Mem. p. 38. & 178 ?
Aplidium ? (more than one species)
3
Sydneum turbinatum, Say. Mem. p. 239 ;Amaroucium proliferum, Edw. Ascid. Compos., p. 67. pl. 1. f. 3. (I.) ••• 3
Leptoclinum gelatinosum,
p. 83. pl. 8. f. 1. (I.) •••PP
JP
PP
p. 81. pl. 8. f. 2. (I.) • • • 3
maculosum,
,.,
PP
.P.P
PI
asperum,ppp. 82. pl. 8. f. 3. (I.) ••• 3
PP
PP
1.2.
durum,„
p. 82. pl. S. f. 4. (I.) „„Botryllus Schlosseri, Lin. (sp.) Phil. Trans. vol. xlix. p. 449. pl. 14
Leachii, Say. Mem. p. 199. pl. 4. f. 6. & pl. 20. f. 4PP3polycyclus, Say. Mem. p. 47. pl. 4. f. 5 (I.)
PP
3gemmeus, Say., Edw. Ascid. Comp. p. 89. pl. 6. f. 5. (I.)
PP
3bivittatus, Edw. PP
p. 92. pl. 6. f. 7. (I.)
PP
PP
.1P
•••

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

3

3

*

*

3

*

•

•

•

•

•

•

3

In Loudon's Magazine of Natural History, vol. vii. p.129, Mr. R. Templeton described and figured two species of the Moll. Tunicata, and eighteen
more were recorded by myself in the Annals of Nat. Hist., vol. v. p. 93 :-inthe 13th volume of the latter work the additional species introduced here will
be more particularly noticed. My knowledge of the Tunicata not being advanced beyond the identification of the species with those of the authors cited,
the names are given in the consecutive order in which they appear in theirworks, without any attempt being made to bring the species (" simple" Ascidim) under their modern genera. Such of Muller's species as Savigny brought
under certain of his genera have these added within brackets in the accompanying table.
• The introduced Dreissena is not included.

265

ON THE FAUNA OF IRELAND.

So little attention has been bestowed on the Mollusca Tunicata of GreatBritain and Ireland, that it is perhaps unnecessary to draw the usual comparison. More Irish than British species can however be announced. Of thethirteen British simple Ascidians recorded, seven are Irish, in addition to which
are eleven unrecorded as indigenous to the coasts of the large; island. Of
the ten " compound" species published as British fi ve are Irish, to which latter
nine, unnoticed as indigenous to the seas of Great Britain, are to be added :all the species of the preceding catalogue marked (I.) are probably to befound on the British coast. So little of the history or geographical distribution of the Moll. Tunicata is known that the mere record of the species obtained in any locality possesses interest. The greater number of those here
noticed are identical with the species found by Muller on the coast of Denmark ; several, both of the " simple" and " compound," are the same as thoseof France described by Savigny and Milne Edwards, and a few of each division to those procured by Delle Chiaje on the coast of Naples.
Nearly all the species enumerated here were taken by dredging, as were anumber of others (simple and compound) which are still undetermined.
Professor Edward Forbes and Mr. John Goodsir, in the course of theirdredging, have collected many species from various parts of the British coast,a very few of which are yet published.
To take a general view of the Mollusca of Ireland, as exhibited in the preceding catalogue, it would seem, regarding the subject positively, that a respectable knowledge of all the classes and orders has been acquired, and regarding it comparatively, that on the whole the species have been perhaps aswell ascertained as those of Great Britain. The relative difference in thenumber of species (except perhaps in Nudibranchia) will probably hold good
after the closest investigation of the subject in both islands : in the Bivalves
only among the Testacea is the difference very striking. Considering thegeographical position of the two islands, the smaller one being the farther
removed from the great continental coast, the shores of Ireland being only
about one-third the extent of those of the larger island, and what is of moreconsequence, limited to one-third of the degrees of latitude over which GreatBritain with its neighbouring islands (whose fauna it includes) extend, therelative number of species known as Irish is as great as would a priori be
anticipated.
CIRRHIPEDA.
The species of Irish Cirrhipeda known to Brown and Turton were includedin their catalogues of " Testacea." Capt. Portlock, in bringing before theRoyal Irish Academy (Jan. 23, 1837) a notice of Anatifa vitrea, read a listof the native Pedunculated Cirrhipeda, communicated to him by Mr.R.Ball* ;and additional species have been contributed by myself to the Annals of Nat.
Hist. vol. xiii.
Distribution.

CIRRHIPEDA.
0

Cirr. Pedunculata.
Anatifa lxvis, Lam.; Lepas anatifera, Lin.
dentata, Lam. ; var. A. lcevis, 117 T.
striata, Lam. ; Lep. anserifera, Litt.
Pf

Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, vol. i. p. 30.

z

a3- 7'03c0

266

itEpoRT-0-1843.
Distribution.

CIRRIIIPEDA.
arr. Pedun CUlata.

it

O

z

CIO

z

Anatifa vitrea, Lam.; L. fascicularis, Mont.
„ sulcata, Lam. ; L. sul., Mont.
Scalpellum vulgare, Leach; L. scalp., Lin.
Pollicipes cornucopias, Leach ; L. pollicipes, Gmel.
Cineras vittata, Leach; L. membranacea, Mont.
Otion Cuvieri, Leach; L. aurita, Lin.

Cirrhipeda
Balanus costatus, Mont.; B. angulosus, Lam.
communis*, Mont. ; Lepas balanus, Lin.? Bal. sulcatus,„
Brug. Lam.
tintinnabulum, Lin. (sp.)
ovularis, Lam. ; Bal. balanoides, Mont.
rugosus*, Mont.
Wood (sp.), Brown's Illust. pl. 7. f. 22t„ pl. 6. f. 8-10
candidus, Leach,punctatus*, Mont.
„ fistulosus, Brug. Lam. ; B. clavatus ; Lepas elongata, Chem.
Creusia verruca, Leach, Lam. ; Lepas striata, Penn.

•
4.4

•

3

• • •

3

3

• • •

3

• •

3

3

3
3

•

PP

•

•

•

• •

•

3
3

PP
PP

Scoticus,

PP

PP

•

•

3
• •

•

The preceding catalogue exhibits nearly all the species of Cirrhipeda whichhave a place in the British Fauna ; but as these have not been satisfactorily
determined, the usual comparison is omitted. Several of the species canhardly be called natives of our seas, although found living on the bottoms ofships in our harbours, and attached to timber cast ashore ; but by including
them here I only follow British and French authors. Some species, if notnative, have become naturalized to a limited extent, and take up their abodeon the " wooden walls" of our docks, flood-gates, &c. The Coronula diadems,
which has been obtained on the skin of whales killed on the British coast,and the Acosta Montagui, Leach, found imbedded in sponge, cannot be announced with certainty in the Irish catalogue.
CRUSTACEA.
Some species of Irish Crustacea have been recorded in the celebrated
Zoological Researches' of Mr. John Vaughan Thompson, and his other writings t ; by Templeton's catalogue of all the species known to him, publishedin the ninth volume of Loudon's Magazine of Natural History ; by contributions of Mr. Robert Templeton, to the second volume of the EntomologicalTransactions ; and by communications of my own to the Annals of Natural
History, vols. v. (pp. 221 & 255), vii. (p. 482), x. xi. & xiii.
Hyndman and the Ordnance SurThe collections of Dr. Drummond,vey, from the north-east coast; of Mr. R. Ball from Youghal and Dublin ; ofDr. Bellingham (in Syphonostomata) from the last-named locality ; and of• The names of Balanus communis, B. rugosus, and B. punctatus have been applied
to other species on the continent. See Lamarck, vol. v. 2nd edit.
f See correction of B. Scoticus and B. candidus in description of plate 32.
Papers in the Philosophical Transactions, 1835, and Entomological Magazine(vol. iii.), and Museum Catalogue of the Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin :—his wholecollection of Crustacea now belongs to this College, and is exhibited in its museum ;the Irish species are indicated by the initial " I."267

ON THE FAUNA OF IRELAND.

Dr. Geo. J. Allman (Syphonostomota) from the coast of Cork, have, in addition to my own, aided in this department.
I have throughout followed the arrangement adopted in the excellent' Histoire des Crustaces' of Milne Edwards.
CRUSTACEA.
1st Legion PODOPHTHALMATA.
Order DECAPODA.
1st Section Brachyura.
Macropodia phalangium, Leach*
Acheeus Cranchii, Leach
Inachus Dorsettensis, Leach
leptochirus, Leach..
dor hynchus, Leach
Pisa tetraodon, Leach
Hyas aranea, Leach„ coarctata, Leach
Maia squinado, Lair., Leach
Eurynome aspera, Leach
Xantho floridus, Leachrivulosus, Risso, Edw.
Cancer pagurus, Leach
Pilumnus hirtellus, Leach
Pirimela denticulata, Leach
Carcinus mzenas, Leach
Portumnus variegatus, Leach
Portunus puber, Leach; Cancer velutinus
depurator, Leachlividus, Leachcorrugatus, Penn. (sp.)
pusillus, Leacharcuatus, Leach„
Pinnotheres pisum, Leach; P. varians, Leach; P. Latreilli, Leachpinnze ; P. veterum, Leach
Gonoplax angulata, Edw. ; G. bispinosa, Leach
Ebalia Bryerii, Leach
Cranchii, Leach
Pennantii, Leach
Atelecyclus heterodon, Leach
Corystes cassivelaunus, Leach

Distribution.

(,)

3-4
0

z

0
10' ci)

iff
••

• • •

• • •

PP

3
3
•

3

•

3

• • •

of
3

P,

PP

PI

3
••

. .

3

PP

3

Order DECAPODA.
2nd Section Anomoura.
Lithodes maia, Leach
Pagurus Bernhardus, Edw. ; P. streblonyx, Leach
Prideauxii, Leacherinaceus, Thomp. (J. V.) (I.)
Hyndinani, Thomp. (W.) MSS. (I.)„
Cuanensis, Thomp. (W.) MSS. (I.)„
Ulidi e, Thomp. (W.) MSS. (I.)„„
laevis, Thony. (TV.) MSS. (I.)
Porcellana platycheles, Edw.
longicornis, Edw.
OP

.1)

•

•

•••

•

••

••

3

•••

•

•

•

•

3

• For the sake of brevity the names applied by Leach are generally given without
reference to those first applied to the species.

REPORT-1843.

268

Distribution.
Order DECAPODA.
3rd Section Macroura.

co

O

z

Galathea strigosa, Edw. ; G. spinigera, Leach3rugosa, Leachsquamifera, Leachnexa, Embleton, Proceedings Berwickshire Club, vol. i. p. 71.
3
pl. 1
..
Palinurus vulgaris, Leach
Callianassa subterranea, Leach..
Astacus fl uviatilis, Edw. (Introduced to some places.)
Hornarus vulgaris, Edw.
Nephrops Norvegicus, Leach
Crangon vulgaris, Leach
3
Pontophilus spinosus, Leach
Processa canaliculata, Leach .
Athanas nitescens, Leach
Hippolyte varians, Leach
Cranchii, Leach
Pandalus annulicornis, Leach
Palxmon serratus, Leachsquilla, Leach„
3
varians, Leach„„
Leachii, Thomps. (J. V ) (I.)
Pasiphwa sivado, Risso (I.)
?Alauna rostrata, Goodsir, Edin. Phil. Journ. vol. xxxiv. p. 130. pl. 4. ?
3. f. 1
?Cuma trispinosa,
•

.f)

129.

O
41.)

• •

• •

•

•

• •

3

3

3

•

1.1

4.3

•
4

•

3

•

•

•

„

Order STOMAPODA*.
Mysis spinulosus, Leach ; M. Leachii, Thomp. Zool. Research.
chamveleon, Thomp. (J. V.)
vulgaris, Thomp. (J. V.)
Scorpionura vulgaris, Thomp. (J. V.) Museum Catalogue Royal College 1of Surgeons in Ireland, p. 229
longicornis,,,
maxima,
.,,

3
3

.ff

• •

.0.1

PI

PP

11

PP

•

PP

y)

/.0

),

If

• •

•

• •

•

•

• •

•

•

• •

•

4 • •

• •

•

•

•

3

•

2nd Legion EDRIOPHTHALMATA.
Order AMPHIPODAO
Talitrus locusta, Lair.; T. saltator, Edw.
Orchestia littorea, Leach
Dexamine spinosa, Leach
Gammarus locusta,
fluviatilis, Edw.t
Corophium longicorne, Latr.
Hyperiaff

Order LCEMODIPODA.
Caprella phasma, Latr. ; Cancer phasma, Mont.

• •

Of

* From this to the end of the Crustacea little attention has been given to noting the
distribution of the species on our coasts.
t All my specimens from many localities are of this species as distinguished fromG. puler, Edw. Crust. vol. iii. p. 45 & 48.

269

ON THE FAUNA OF IRELAND.

Distribution.
...;
0

O

Order LCEMODIPODA.
Caprella linearis, Latr.
Proto pedatum, Leach; Leptomera pedata

z ;AI
3

Order ISOPODA.
Arcturus longicornis, Westwood* 3
Idotea pelagica, Leach; I. tricuspidata, fig. only* ; Desmarest, Cons., I
Crust. pl. 46. f. 11
tricuspidata, Edw. ; I. entomon, Leach
PP*,,,, emarginata, Edw. ; I. cestrum, Leachlinearis, Edw. ; Stenosoma lin., Leach
.. •
PY
*
Limnoria terebrans, Leach* **Asellus aquaticus, Oliv. ; A. vulgaris, Lair., Edw.
3
Lygia oceanica, Fab?..
* •• • *Oniscus asellus, Lin.
3 • • • ...
Philoscia muscorum, Latr.
•• *Porcellio scaber, Latr.
*
lwvis, Latr.
„
3
Armadillidiumt vulgaris, Edw. ; Armadillo vulg., Latr.
3
Anceus maxillaris, Lam. ; A. rapax, Edw., vol. iii. p. 196. pl. 33-. f. 12 t*
Spheroma serratum, Leach
Hookeri, Leach••JP
rugicauda, Leachll*
Neszea bidentata, Desm.
*
Dynamena rubra, Leach
Cirolana Cranchii, Leach* 3
iEga bicarinata, Leach3„ tridens, Leach*
Bopyrus squillarum, Lutr.
•

•

•

•

•

•

•

PY

„

§

galatea, Thomp. (J. V.) MSS.II

0 •

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

II •

•

•

•

•

••

3
•

0 •

3rd Legion BRANCHIOPODA.
Order PHYLLOPODA.
Apus cancriformis, Lair.
Branchipus stagnalis, Lair.

Order CLADOCERA.
Daphnia pulex, Mull.
„longispina, Mall.
Polyphemus oculus, Mull.

3* See Edw. Crust. vol. iii. p. 129, note.
Genus established by Brandt. See Edw. Crust. vol. iii. p. 180.
I I have no doubt of the identity of Montagu's Cancer maxillaris, Linn. Trans. vol.
vii. p. 65. pl. 6. f. 2, and Edw. A. rapax, above cited. See remarks on this subject in
Edw. Crust. vol. iii. p. 197.
§ I find a Bopyrus commonly in Hippolyte varians, Leach, but have not yet critically examined it. Two species of Bopyrus—B. hippolyte and B. abdominalis—aredescribed by Kroyer as found in the genus Hippolyte. See Edw. Crust. vol. iii. p. 283,
and Ann. Sci. Nat. vol. xvii. p. 142. pl. 6. 1842.
IJ In Galathea squamifera in Mr. R. Ball's collection there is a species of Bopyrus.

270

REPORT-•-1843.

•

4th Legion ENTOMOSTRACA.
Order OSTRAPODA.

Distribution.
•
4.;

0

z

;r:I
3

Cypris conchacea, Desm.
„ candida, Desm., Baird
3

PP

Cytherea viridis, Latr.
lutea, Lair.

3
3

Order COPEPODA.
Cyclops quadricornis, Latr.; C. vulgaris, Edw. Crust.
longicornis,
IP
,,

3

Cyclopsina staphylinus, Edw. Crust. ; Cyclops minutus, Mull.
Anomalocera Pattersonii, Tempi. (R.), Entom. Trans. vol. ii. p. 34. pl. 5.*

Order SIPHONOSTOMATA.
Argulus foliaceus, Jurine
Caligus Mulleri, LeachtCIsalaris," J. V. Thompson's Catal. Mus. Coll. of Sung. Ireland
PP
C
scombri,"
,,
PP
,,
,,
PS
productus, Mull. .1 • .
Cecrops Latreillii, Leach
Dichelestion sturionis, " Hermann," Edw.

• • •

•

•

•

•

•

•

• • •

0 •

•

0 •

•

3
•

•

•

•

0 •

Order LERNEADA.
Lernea uncinata, Mull.§Chondracanthus cornutus, Guy., Edw.
lophii, Johnst. Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. ix. p. Si. f. 16,,
Entomoda canicula, Thomp. (J. V.) Catal. Coll. Surg.
puellall,„PP
PP
Brachiella salmonea, Tempi. Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. ix. p. 23911
Lerneonema monillaris, Edw
Lernea branchialis, Lin.

•

•

• ••

•

•

•

•

3

•

•

•

e 6

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Order PYCHNOGONIDA.
Nymphum gracile, Leachgrossipes, Lin. (sp.)"
PP
Orythia coccinea, Johnst. Mag. Zool. & Bot. vol. i. p. 378. pl. 13. f. 4-6
Pychnogonum littorale, " Strom." (sp.) ; Edw. P. balwnarum

Of the thirty-six British species of Brachyura, all but six are known as
Irish, and of these, one—Portunus marmoreus—is recorded as such, but the
specimens so named which have come under my observation are P. pusillus(see Annals Nat. Hist. vol. x.); another— Portunus emarginatus —is believed
to be only a variety of P. arcuatus, which is found around our coast. The
other four species are Macropodia tenuirostris, Pisa Gibbsii, Polybius Henslowii, and Pinnotkeres Montagui, all of which were known to Leach as in* Probably a species in its immature state.
Ibid., p. 465.
§ Ibid., p. 495.
See Edw. Crust. vol. iii. p. 450.
n Merely indicated here ; no author's name appended to the species.
Foroculum Spratti is the name applied to a species in J. V. Thompson's Catal.
Mus. Coll. Sung.
** A. species of Ammothea is named A. teruginosa, and marked as Irish in J. V.
Thompson's collection. Mus. Catal. Royal Coll. Surg. Ireland. See Edw. Crust. vol. iii.
p. 534, for genus ilmmothea.

271

ON THE FAUNA OF IRELAND.

habiting only the extreme southern coast of England. One species—Xantho
rivulosus—has a place in the Irish and not in the British catalogue, but Professor Bell informs me that he has seen English specimens.
Of the Anomoura there are five British species, all of which are . likewise
Irish, and to the latter are to be added four or five species of Pagu-rus above
indicated : what the P. erinaceus of Mr. J. V. Thompson is I do not know,
but the four species named by myself are very distinct from each other, andunknown as British : whether they be all undescribed is yet to be determined.
They were taken by Mr. Hyndman and myself when dredging in deep waterin the loughs of Strangford and Belfast.
*
all but seven are recorded as Irish.
twenty-six
Macrourathe
BritishOf
Five of these —Aria stir/tynchus, Gebia stellata, G. deltura, Hippolyte Prideauxiana, and H. Moorii—were known to Leach as from the south of
Devonshire only : Hippolyte Sowerbeei was obtained at Newhaven, near Edinburgh ; Penaus trisulcatus on the coast of Wales. Two species—Pasz:phea
sivado and Palcemon Leachii—have a place in the Irish and not in the British
list.
The Decapodous Crustacea alone, I have critically studied throughout ;consequently, so far only can a particular comparison of the species of thetwo islands be instituted : indeed of the British species belonging to the following orders, from Stomapoda to Pychnogonida inclusive, no proper catalogue is extant, and were those now known brought together and comparedwith the Irish species, the result would, as in the instance of the Annelida,
simply denote how many belonging to each island had been determined, without giving any idea, as in the better studied portions of the Invertebrata, of
the number positively, of each locality, or relatively, of the one island to theother. The undetermined Irish species in my own collection are perhaps
thirty in number.
ANNELIDA.
About one-half of the Annelides in this catalogue were known to Templeton (Mag. Nat. Hist. ix.) ; the remainder, with the exception of a very
few indicated by myself (Annals Nat. Hist. v. 247, vii.482, and xiii.), have been
investigated by my friend Dr. Johnston of Berwick-upon-Tweed, who kindly
undertook to describe the species collected on the Irish shores (Annals Nat.
Hist. v. p. 168 and 305, and vol. xiii.). He has likewise favoured me with avery elaborate manuscript catalogue of all the British Annelides on record
with their numerous synonyma, and which it is but proper to mention, wasdrawn up with especial reference to a comparison of the British and Irish
species in this Report. But, it is to be hoped that this catalogue will serveas the foundation of a work on the subject by Dr. Johnston.
ANNELIDA.
Order 1. APODA.
Tribe Nemertina.
Gordius aquaticus, Lin. 'Borlasia ? alba, Thomp., MSS. (I.)
Linens longissimus, Sow. ; Nemertes Borlasii, Guy.

Distribution.

a0

0)

*

*

* In this number the species published by Mr. Harry Goodsir in the Edinburgh
Philosophical Journal, vol. xxxiv., are not included, as he does not feel certain thatthey should be brought under lliacroura.
t That little trouble has yet been taken to ascertain the distribution of the Irish
Annelides is indicated in connection with the fi rst species named, which doubtless is

not confined to the north.

272

REPORTes1843.
Distribution.
E
0

Order 1. APOD A.

44

4.;

z

Tribe Nemertina.

rel•lMeckelia trilineata ; Carinella trilineata, Johns/. Mag. Nat. Hist. vol.
vi. p. 232. f. 24
Prostoma gracilis, Johnst. (sp.) ; Nernertes grac., Johnst. Mag. Zool
and Bot. vol. i. p. 534. t. 17. f.
lactiflorea, Johnst (sp.) ; Nem. lac., Johnst., Mag. Zool
and Bot. vol. i. p. 535. t. 17. f. 2.
armatum, Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. ix. p. 236. f. 29. (I.)
Planaria vittata, Mont., Linn. Tians. vol. xi. p. 25. t. 5. f. 3.
Zool. Dan. (I.)„
stagnalis, Mull., Temp. (I.)
fusca, Pall. Id

ow•

1.

•

•

•

•

•

SP

Tribe Hirudina.
Phylline hippoglossi, Mull. (sp.)
Erpobdella tessulata, Mull. (sp.)
Glossipoi a complanata, Lin. (sp.)
crenata
one species
PP
tuberculata.
PPhyalina, Mull. (sp.) ; Clepsina hyal., Ann. Nat. Hist. vol.
PPix. p. 15. pl. 1. f. 20
bioculata, Mull. (sp.) ; Hirudo stagnalis, Linn.
Piscicola geometra, Lin. (sp.)
percw, Temp. (sp.) ; Ichthyobdella perm, Temp., Loud.
Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. ix. p. 236. f. 28. (I.)
marina, 7'homp. MSS. (I.)
Pontobdella muricata, Lin. (sp.)
spinulosa, Leach," probably not distinct from last," Dr. J
Hvernopsis sanguisuga, Merr. (sp.) Lin. (sp.)

3
3

3

11

3
•

•

3

•

Tribe Lumbricina.
Nais vermicularis, Mull. (I.)
3
„ serpentina, Mull.
Sty laria lacustris, Lin. (sp.)
3
Tubifex rivulorum, Lain .; Lumbricus tubifex, Mull.
Lumbricus lineatus, Mull.
pellucidus, Temp., Loud. Mag. Nat. Hist. vol.
IAvii p. 131. f. 27. (I.)
one species
Clitellio minutus, Temp., Loud. Mag. Nat. Hist.
PP
vol. ix. p. 235.
omilurus, Temp., Loud. Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. ix. p. 235. (L) 3
PP(I.).
lividus,
•
3
PP
.p)
PP
PP
,,
/I
gordianus, (I.) PI
,,
3
;$
PO
PP
PP
zanthurus, (I.)
PP
PP
P./
.?,
PP
annularis, (I.) PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
P.;
terrestris, Lin.
PP
Cirratulus medusa, Johnst., Mag. Zool. and Bot. vol. ii. p. 71. t.3. f. 7-12
tentaculatus, Mont. (sp.)
PP
Trophonia Godsiri, Johnst., Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. iv. p. 371. t. 11. f. 1-10 3a• •••••

JPI

Order 2. POLYPODA.
Tribe Seipulina.

•

3
•

•

Pectinaria belgica, Pall. (sp.) ; Amphitrite auricoma, Mull.
• •••Sabellaria alveolata, Lin. (sp.)
crassissima, Penn. (sp.)
PI
Terebella conchilega, Pall, (sp.)

3

3

all

1

273

ON THE FAUNA OF IRELAND.

Distribution.

Order 2. POLYPODA.
Tribe Serpulina.

0

Terebella cirrhata, Mont., Linn. Trans. vol. xii.
cristata, Mull. (sp.)
f.1
Sabella reniformis, Tart. (sp.) ; Tubularia penicillus, Mull., Zool. Dan.
t. 89. f. 1, 2.
Linpenicillus,•
one species*
Amphitrite ventilabrum, Penn
„ carnea, Johnst., Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. xiii.
„ tubularia, Mont. (sp.) ; Serpula tubularia, Mont.
Spirorbis communis, Flem. ; Serpula spirorbis, Linn.
*
spirillum, Lin. (sp.)
granulatus, Lin. (sp.)
PIminutus, Mont. (sp.)
conicus, Flem. Edin. Ency. vol. vii p. 68. pl. 205. f. 3.
P)lucidus, Mont. (sp.)*
Serpula vermicularis, Lin.; S. intricata, Lin.; S. vermicularis, Mull., Mont*triquetra, Lin.
•
contortuplicata, Lin.
one species ... *)•contortus, spiralis, perversa of Brown, Illus.
51
serrulata, Flem., Edin. Ency. vol. vii. p. 67. t. 204. f. 8. ; tri*
cuspidata, Sow.
„
vitrea, Fab.?
*
Filograna implexa, Berk. ; Serpula minima, Lam. (Temp.)?
Ditrupa subulata, Desh. (sp.) (I.)
Arenicola piscatorum, Lam. ; Lumbricus marinus, Lin.
• • •

+

•

4

•

e •

•

0 4 •

•

•

•

•

•

0 •

•

•

•

Tribe Nereidina.
Nereis viridis, Johnst., Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. v. p. 171. f. 2.
172. f. 3 and 4
pelagica.10 1
1)174. f. 5 and 6. (I.)...
Dumerilii
.7)
,7)
.1,
11
175. f. 7. (I.)
fucata
f,
1.1
PI
.11
176. f. 8. (I.)
renalis1,„ longissima
178. f. 9. (I.))1
Syllis armillaris, Mull. (sp.)
Phyllodoce lamelligera, Johnst., Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. iv. p. 225. t. 7. f. 1-3
viridis„iv. p. 228. t. 6. f. 11-15
flBebryce peripatus, Johnst. MSS.
Nephtys margaritacea, Johnst., Loud. Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. viii. p. 341. f. 33
Spio calcarea, Temp., Loud. Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. ix. p. 234.
f. 27. (I .0
one species„ seticornis, Penn.
Sigalion boa, Johnst., Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. ii. p. 439.
Polynoe squamata, Johnst., Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. ii. p. 432. and v. p. 307 *•cirrhata
p. 434.
)1
7)
Halitha clava, Temp., Mag. Nat. Hist. Ibid.
1.3
„
vol.
scolopendrina
v. p. 307.
)1
Aphrodita aculeata, Lin.
hystrix, Say.
•

•

•

4 4 •

*

?

*
*

•

Annelida?
Cam pontia eruciformis,Johnst., Loud. Mag. Nat. Hist. vol.viii. p.179. f.18. *According to Dr. Johnston's catalogue, there is in the tribe Nemertina, one
genus-Dalyellia, Flem.-known as British and not as Irish. Of twenty-nine
British species seven are Irish ; in addition to which are four-Borlasia? alba,
Prostontaarmatunt,Plazzaria stagnalis and P. tremellaris unnoticed as British.
* Templeton gives " Serpula filifornas, fi gured in Rees s Cyclop." without further
remark. It is noted as a fossil species in Morris's Catal. Brit. Foss.
1843.

274

REPORT1843.

In the tribe Hirudina are four British genera unknown as Irish— Udonella,Johnst., Malacobdella, Blain., Tristonza, Cuv., Hirude. Of the eighteen
British species nine are Irish, and in addition to the latter are Piscicola
percce and a new species of Piscicola t which is marine.
In Lumbricina, there is but one genus, Travisia, Johnst., unknown as
Irish. Of the seventeen British species, eight are Irish, to which seven unrecorded as British are to be added.
The tribe Serpulina§ contains one British genus—Othonia, Johnst.—unknown as Irish, but as such only, the genus Ditrupa, Berk.II, is recorded.
Of the fi fty-three British species, twenty-two are described as Irish, in addition to which is the Ditrupa subulata.
Under Nereidina are nine British genera, Eunice, Schweig., Onuphis, Aud.
and Edw., Myriam, Aud. and Edw., Psamathe, Johnst., Ioida, Johnst., Glycera,
Lam., Leucodore, Johnst., Nerine, Johnst., Pholoe, Johnst., not included in the
Irish catalogue. Of forty-five British species, fourteen are recorded as Irish,in addition to which are fi ve undescribed as British, viz. Nereis Dumerilii, N.
fueata, N. renalis, 1V. /ongissima, Spio calcarea (S. seticornis, Penn ? ).
Of doubtful Annelides Dr. Johnston enumerates four species, belonging to
as many genera ; these are Campontia, Branchiarius, Mont., Diplotis, Mont.,
Derris, Adams : the fi rst only is known as Irish.
The whole of the recorded Annelides of Great Britain according to Dr. Johnston's catalogue are 167 species : the number known as Irish is 801i. These
numbers are useful only in denoting the species already known as indigenous to
the respective islands, and give no idea of the number of species inhabiting ourcoasts and inland waters. In a forenoon's search several species might be
added to either catalogue. About one-third of the British species were madeknown by Dr. Johnston, nearly all of which were previously undescribed.
FORAMINIFERA.
The native Foraminifera were included in the catalogues of Irish " Testacea" published by Capt. Brown and Dr. Turton, whose species have nearly allcome under my own observation. The additional species, obtained and determined by Templeton and Mr. W. H. Harvey, were published in the Annals of
Natural History, vol. v. p. 10, and those by Mr. Hyndman and myself willappear in vol. xiii. of the same work.
Distribution.
•

O

O

z W
Spirolina carinatula ; Naut. carin., Mont
Renoidea rotundata, Brown, Illus. pl. 1. f. 14 and 15.
glabra, Brown, Illus. pl. 1. f. 20,21„
f. 16,17"
oblonga, Brown,
11)

• •

C

• I

* As now limited, Hir. medicinalis is the only British species.
t Dr. Johnston has since informed me that lie likewise has an undescribed marine
Piscicola.
t These six are earthworms of the genus Lumbricus (see preceding catalogue)
described by Templeton, with whom I agree in constituting them distinct species, butwhether they be described as such by other authors I am not aware.
§ The genus Lobutula included in this tribe by Dr. Johnston is omitted here, butbrought in under Foraminifera.
D. subulata only is brought under this genus in Dr. Johnston's catalogue.
¶ Many undetermined species are in my collection.
** In the second edition of Brown's Illustrations (of which a few parts are published) the term Renoidea is restricted to oblonga: the Ren. glabra and Ren. rotundata
are placed in D. Orbigny's genus Triloculina.

ON TIIE FAUNA OF IRELAND.
Distribution.

Oz

FORAMINIFERA.

Polystomella crispa ; Nautilus crispus, Lin.
Lenticulina calcar
lvevigatula
depressula.
Nautilus, Mont. with specific......
Nonionina umbilicatulanames here used
Rotalia beccarii.
beccarii-perversus
inflataLobatula vulgaris ; Serpula lobata, Mont
Vermiculum intortum ; Nautilus, Mont.
oblongum, Mont.
*subrotundum, Mont.
1
Lagenula striatula ; Vermiculum str., Mont.
i*
globosa, Flem.
*lxvis, Rem
Nodosaria legumen ; Naut. leg., Lin., Mont.
•
recta ; Naut. rec., Mont.
,2,*
Nautilus pulchella, Temp. Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. v. p. 99. (I.)„
dentatus,
S.
4

1
3

• • •

PP
PP

PP

PP

PP

PI

*

lf

PP

PP

PP

(I.)

i s
*

*

All the Foraminifera of the preceding list, except the two species described by Mr. R. Templeton, are known as British, and include about theone half of those brought together in Fleming's ' British Animals,' in 1828*.
In Brown's ' Illustrations' seven species designated as new are figured :—threeof these have now a place in the Irish catalogue. Mr. Macgillivray has in thepresent year added eight British speciest.
ENTOZOA.
A catalogue of the species of Irish Entozoa known to Templeton appearedin the ninth volume (p. 238-240) of Loudon's Magazine of Natural History. In the second and third volumes of the new series of the same work
conducted by Charlesworth, Dr. J. L. Drummond published a series ofarticles on the subject, and in the fourth volume (p. 240 and p. 343) will befound a paper from Dr. Bellinghang, in which the species of Filaria, Trichosoma, Trichocephalus, Oxyurus and Cucullanus, which had come under
his observation in Dublin, are recorded : also a notice of four species which
occurred to him in the dissection of a sun-fish (Ortharjoriscus mola). A remarkably copious manuscript catalogue of the Entozoa observed by Dr.
Bellingham, has by his kindness been placed in my hands, and I shall give it
just in the order (though much abbreviated)§ in which it has been corn* The " Nautilidee" of that work are all now considered Foraminifera, except
Spirula australis (a cephalopodous mollusk), Orthocera impeiforata, 0. trachea, andO. glabra. The last three come under the genus Ccecum, Fleming, Brocus, Brown,
Odontidium, Philippi.
t In Morris's Catalogue of British Fossils' just published, a great addition ismade to the number heretofore known of the extinct species of Foraminifera.
.1 Dr. B. has likewise published some papers in the Dublin Medical Journal
and Dublin Medical Press on this subject.
§ The notes necessarily omitted here, are the most valuable portion of the catalogue, recording as they do the whole of the various animals in which upwards of 220
species of Entozoa were founT by the author. These notes will be published in thethirteenth vol. of the Annals of Natural History.

276

REPORT

1843.

municated, adding within brackets in their proper places the species noticed
by other naturalists, so as to present at one view the whole of the Entozoa
known as Irish. Dr. Drummond has also contributed several species whichwere not treated of in his published papers. Dr. Bellingham remarks, " Infurnishing this list of the indigenous Entozoa, I wish it to be understood that
I have only inserted the species discovered and examined by myself, with the
exception of two or three forwarded to me by my friends. The classificationis that of Rudolphi, whose names for the species are adopted throughout unless otherwise expressed."
ENTOZOA.
Order CYSTICA.
[Echinococcus humanus, Ed., Temp. M.
Cysticercus fasciolaris.
tenuicollis.
N. H. vol. ix. p. 240.]
Anthocephalus elongatus.
cellulosa.
Temp. Mag. Nat.
granulum.
Hist. vol. ix. p. 240.]
paradoxus, Drum. Charlespisiformis.
worth, M. N. H. vol. ii. p. 655.]1,hydatigena, Pall. (sp.), Temp.
[
rudicornis, Drum. id. vol.
[PP
11
M. N. H. vol. ix. p. 240.]
p. 227.][Coenurus cerebralis, Gm. (sp.), Temp.
M. N. H. vol. ix. p. 240.]
PP

In this Order are a Cysticercus and five species of Anthocephalus undetermined by Dr. Bellingham.
Order CESTOIDEA.
Botriocephalus claviceps.
Tnia expansa.
11
PP
PP
PP
If
1.1
lf
11
11

PP
PP
PP
PP
!JP
PO

PP
Of

pectinata. [Dr. DJ*.
lanceolata [Dr. D.].
cucumerina.
fi licollis.
nasuta.
sphwrophora [Dr. D.].
lwvigata.
cyathiformis.
infundibuliformis.
setigera.
platicephala.
angulata.
lavis.
wquabilis.
tenuirostris.
fi lum.
elliptica.
gracilis.
pusilla ?
farciminalis.
stylosa.

solium.

11

11
PP

Temp. M. N. H. ix. 239.]„
serrata.
crassicollis.
sinuosa [Dr. D.].
inflata.
porosa ?
vulgaris, Lin., Temp. M. N. H.

PP

PP
PP
PP

PP
PP

PP

PP
[

PP

[

.11

latus, Brems.
proboscideus.
infundibuliformis ?
microcephalus.
solidus.
punctatus.
Drum. M. N.
IA
H. new series, ii. p. 574.]
nodosus.
macrocephalus.
turnidulus.
coronatus.
corollatus [Dr. D.].
paleaceus.
auriculatus, Rud. Drum.
MS.]
crassiceps, Rud. Drum.
MS.]

Ligula sparsa.
Scolex polymorphus.
Drum. M. N. H. new[ PPseries, vol. iii. p. 229.][Tetrarhynchus grossus, Rud., Drum.
M. N. H. new series, ii. 571.]
solidus, Drum. M. N.
[ PP
H. new series, vol. ii. p. 573.][Tetrantarus (Temp.) truttx, Temp. M.

N. H. vol. ix. p.239. fig. 32.]ix. 239.]* Species so marked noted in Dr. Drummond's MSS. in addition to Dr. Bellingham's.

ON THE FAUNA OF IRELAND.

277

In this Order are twenty-three species of Teenia and fi ve of Botriocephalus
undetermined by Dr. Bellingham.
Order TREMATODA.
Distoma echinatum.
Pentastoma t nioides.
militare.
Distoma hepaticum.
spinulosum.
[Distoma hepaticum, Temp. M. N. H.
scabrum.
vol. ix. p. 239.]
tumidulum.
contortum.
nigro-flavum*.
oxycephalum.
fulvum.
Zool. Dan. t. 91 ?
clavigerum.
Drum.]
cylindraceum.
Amphistorna longicolle.
macrocephalum.
gibbosum
isostomum.
appendiculatum.
gracile.
rufoviride.
cornu.
globulus.
sphmrula.
reflexum ? Creplin.
Monostoma attenuatum.
excisum.
verrucosumt.
trigonocephalum.
PP

P1

PP

PP

PP

[

.01

PP

P.0

1.0

PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

In this Order are ninety-nine species of Distonia and three of Amphistonta
undetermined by Dr. Bellingham.
Order ACANTHOCEPHALA.
Echinorhynchus angustatus [Dr. D.].
transversus.
acus.
„ Drum. M. N.H. newseries, ii. 515. E. candidus andE. lineolatus, Mull. Zool. Dan.
same as E. acus, Drum. id.]filicollis.
Drum. M. N. H.
new series, iii. 66. E. sphwrocephalus same as E. fi licollis ?
Drum. id. p. 67.]
JP

Echynorhynchus tereticollis.
nodulosus.
strumosus.
striatus ?
versicolor.
Daum. M. N.
H. new series, iii. 65.]
hystrix..
Drum. M. N. H.
„
new series, iii. 63.]PP

In this Order are fi ve species of Echinorhynchus undetermined by Dr.
Bellingham.
Order NEMATOIDEA.
Ascaris lumbricoides.
„ Temp. M. N. H. ix. 239.]
megalocephala, Cloquet.
vesicularis.
inflexa.
constricta.
rotundata.
osculata.
acuminata.
marginata.
triquetra.
mystax.

Ascaris depressa.
ensicaudata.
nigrovenosa.
sacus.
angulata.
vermicularis.
„ Temp. M. N. H. ix. 239.]
obvelata.
maculosa.
dentata.
brevicaudata.
spiculigera [Dr. D.].

* " Two more species of Distoma may be here mentioned ; D. flexuosum fromthe small intestines of a Mole, Talpa Europea, and another (species undetermined)from the oesophagus of the common Snake, Natrix torquata—both Mole and Snake
were brought from England."—Dr. Bellingham.
fi " Monostoma octonatum, found in the small intestines of a Mole (Talpa Europea)
from England, may here be noticed."—Dr. Bellingham.

278

REPORT -1843.

Order NEMATOIDEA.
Ascaris variegata.
obtusocaudata.
labiata.
capsularia [Dr. D.].
heteroiira, Creplin.
cuneiformis.
clavata [Dr. D.].
collaris.
tenuissima.
succisa.
alata, Bellingham, Dublin Medical Press, vol. i. (head figured.)simplex, Rud., Drum. MS.]rigida,crenata, „Strongylus tubifex.
contortus.
retortieformis [Dr. D.].
trigonocephalus.
tetragonocephalus.
suis.
trachealis ; Syngamus trach.,Siebold.
Spiroptera strumosa.
anthuris.
If

51

51
IP

PP

PP
51

PP

51

PP

PP

PP

PP

1)

Spiroptera cystidicola [Dr. D.).
leptoptera.
Cucullanus elegans.
faveolatus.
platessw, Reinh., Drum. M.
N. H. new series, ii. 519.]
marinus, Rud., Drum. MS.][
Oxyurus curvula.
Temp. M. N. H. ix. 238.]„
ambigua.
[„gadi, Temp. ibid. fi g. 31.]
Trichocephalus dispar.
„ Temp. M. N. H. ib.]
crenatus.
nodosus.
Trichosoma obtusum ?
inflexum ?
longicolle.
plica.
Filaria attenuata.
capsularia, Rud., Drum. M. N. H.
new series, iii. 230.][Trichina spiralis, Owen, Allman, Microscopic Journal, vol. ii. p. 94.]
PP

.11

[

1.1

[

PP

„

PP

PP

PP

OP
PP

131

PP

In this Order are nine species of Ascaris, two of Strongylus, six of Spiroptera, nine of Trichosoma, and three of Filaria undetermined by Dr. Bellingham.
The Irish species given in the preceding catalogue so far outnumber the
British species known, that the usual comparison is uncalled for. Dr. Bellingham remarks, " The little attention which these animals have attracted in thesecountries will be apparent from the fact, that in the only works which contain lists of the British species of Entozoa, viz. Pennant's British Zoology,
and Turton's British Fauna, but twenty-eight are described as indigenous,
and four of these are noticed twice under different navies, leaving but twentyfour distinct species ; while in the limited opportunity which I have had, I
have discovered and preserved upwards of 220 species, and several of theseoccurred in six, others in ten, and one species in as many as fi fteen different
animals." The number of Irish species determined by Dr. Bellingham is143* ; of species undetermined, but brought under their respective general-,eighty:--from the many works consulted, but in vain, for these latter, there islittle doubt that the greater portion must be undescribed. Dr. Drummond
too informs me that he has obtained many Entozoa which he believes to benew. The species recorded by Dr. Bellingham t were procured in Dublin ;those by Templeton and Dr. Drummond in Belfast.
* Three species as indicated in a foot note are from British animals.
' Dr. Bellingham has some Entozoa which he cannot refer to any genus, andknows of several species having been obtained in Dublin, which are not included in
his catalogue.
Botriocephalus solidus is an exception, having been found by Dr. G. J. Allman ina Gasterosteus aculeatus taken in the co. of Cork —in specimens of this fish captured
in the neighbourhood of Dublin Dr. Bellingham could never find this Entozoon.

27 9

ON THE FAUNA OF IRELAND.

ECHINODERMATA.
The Irish species of Echinodermata known to Templeton were publishedin the ninth volume of Loudon's Magazine of Natural History, and subsequent additions were contributed by myself to the Annals of Nat. Hist.
vol. v. (p. 99 and 245) and vol. xiii.
Distribution.
•

ECHINODERMATA.
Order PINNIGRADA.—Crinoidecc.
Comatula rosacea, Link. (sp.),m,•••

uJ
•

4.3

z
O
co

•••••••

Order SPINIGRADA.—Ophiuridce.
Ophiura texturata, Lam.
albida, Forbes„
Ophiocoma neglecta, Johns!. (sp.)
Ballii, Thomp.
fi liformis, Mull.
brachiata, Mont. (sp.)
granulata, Link (sp.)
bellis, Link (sp.)
rosula, Link (sp.)
minuta, Forbes

•••

3

•••

3

3

PP
/7

3
•

•

•

Order CIRRHIGRADA.—Asteriadce.
Uraster glacialis, Lin. (sp.)„ rubens, Lin. (sp.)
Uraster violacea, Mull. (sp.)

3

3
3

..I

„ hispida, Penn. (sp.)
Cribella oculata, Penn. (sp.)
rosea, Mull. (sp.)„
Solaster endeca, Lin. (sp.)
papposa, Lin. (sp.)„
Palmipes membranaceus, Betz.
Asterina gibbosa, Penn.
Goniaster Templetoni, Thomp. ••Asterias aurantiaca, Lin.
Luidia fragilissima, Forbes

*

3

3 3
3
•••

3
•••

3

3

*

•••

3

Order CIRRHI-SPINIGRADA.—EChinidCC.
Echinus sphaara, Mull.
„miliaris, Leske ; var. E. pustulatus, Agass.

3
3

Flemingii, Balllividus, Lam. (I.)
Echinocyarnus pusillus, Mull. (sp.)
Spatangus purpureus, Mull.
Amphidotus cordatus, Penn. (sp.)
roseus, Forbes

3

PP

3

3

3

3

Order CIRRHI-VERMIGRADA.—Holothuriadx.
Psolus phantapus, Lin. (sp.).•
Cucumaria pentactes, Mull. (sp.)
communis, Forbes Li• Goodsir
fusiformis, Forbes 8), Goodsir
Drummondii, Thomp. (I.)
Hyndmani, Thomp. (I.)
brunneus, Forbes
lacteus, Forbes 8f Goodsir

3
3
3

•••

•••

3

3

* I• • • *

3•

280

REPORT -1843.

Distribution.
•dOrder CIRRHI-VERmiGRADA•-Ho/othuriadce.

r.

Thyone papillosa, Mull. (sp.)
Portlockii, Forbes (I.)
Chirodota digitata, Mont. (sp.)

Order VERMIGRADA.—Sipunculida.
Syrinx papillosus, Thomp. (sp.)
Sipunculus Bernhardus, Forbes
Pallasii, Thomp. MSS. (I.)
Priapulus caudatus, Lam.
Thalassema Neptuni, Gmrtn. (sp.)
PP...

In the arrangement and nomenclature of the preceding catalogue, theexcellent work of Professor E. Forbes on the British Echinoderinata is implicitly followed. The fullness with which the subject is treated in thatwork—to which all the information on the Irish species was contributed*,renders a few words only desirable here on the distribution of the species
as yet unknown to our Fauna.
Of the twenty-nine t species of British " Starfishes "— Crinoidee, Ophiuride and Asteriade—all but fi ve are recorded as Irish. These are Oph.
punctata and Oph. Goodsiri, both of which were first described in Forbes's
Brit. Echin. ; the former has been taken only at Anstruther in Fifeshire ; thelatter there and at Shetland. Astrophyton scutatum and Goniaster equestris
are both very rare, but have occurred at a few localities from north to southof Great Britain. Of Goniaster Abbensis (Forbes, Annals Nat. Hist. vol. xi.
April 1843,) but a single individual has yet been met with, and as its nameindicates, at St. Abb's Head.
Of the eleven species of British Echinide, four are unknown to Ireland,on the western and southern coasts ofbut, one species— E.
the latter island, and unknown as British, makes our number eight. Of thedesiderata, two— Cidaris papillata and Echinarachnius placenta —are extremely rare, and have been taken only in Shetland ; E chinus neglectus there
and in Orkney. Brissus lyrifer (first described in Forbes's Hist. Brit. Echin.)has been obtained only in the estuary of the Clyde.
Of the twelve British species of Holothuriadce, eight are known as Irish, andthree—, Cuc. Drummondii, Cue. Hyndntani and Thyone Portlockii—discoveredon the coast of the latter country and unknown as British, make the Irish species eleven in number. Of our desiderata, two species—Cucumaria hyalina
and Cuc.fucico/a—are known only to Shetland ; Psolinus brevis to the same
locality and the Kyles of Bute ; Cucumaria frondosa to the same and thecoast of Fife.
Of the eight species of British Sipunczdide four are known as Irish, in addition to which is the Sipun. Pallasii, that cannot be announced with certainty as British. Our desiderata are so rare that they have each been obtained in a single locality only on the British coast, namely, Syrinx 211IdUS(with certainty) and Syr. Harveii at Teignmouth in Devonshire ; Sipunculus
Johnstoni at Berwick-upon-Tweed ; Echiurus vulgaris at St. Andrews.
• Four species have since been added.
and Goniaster Templetonit The original descriptions of two species—Oph.
-were drawn up from Irish specimens, and the first Cribella rosea noticed in the British
seas was obtained off the south of Ireland.

281

ON THE FAUNA OF IRELAND.

ACALEPHA.
A catalogue of the Acalepha of Ireland known to Templeton was publishedin the ninth volume of Loudon's Magazine of Natural History ; subsequently
papers on the subject have been published by Mr. Patterson* and Mr. Hyndmant, and some additional species to our Fauna recorded by myself in the
Zoological Proceedings for 1835, (p. 78)t and Annals of Natural History,
vol. v. p. 248. Mr. R. Ball has, from observations made at Youghal and
Dublin, contributed to our knowledge in this department.
Distribution.
•
-111

0

ACALEPHA.
Velella mutica, Lam. ? §

•
.41.2

0

z

••=1=•••

3

••=•1

11,

• • •

emarginata, Thomp. MSS. (I.)
Physalia pelagica, Eschscholtz (not Lam, ria
3
Beroe cucumis, Fabr. (Otho)
fulgens, Macartney*•
Cydippe pileus, Lin
lagena, Forbes
pomiformis, Patterson„* * •••
Alcinoe Smithii, Forbes
Hibernica; Bolina Hib., Patterson (I.)
•
*
••• 3
Melicertum campanulatum, Ehrenb.
Hippocrene Britannica, Forbes
Sarsia tubulosa, Lesson; Oceania? tubul. Sars
Oceania papillata, Mull. (sp.) ; Medusa papil. Zool. Dan. (I.)
Thaumantias hemisphwrica, Mull. (sp.)
pileata, Forbes
Thompsoni, Forbes (I.)•• oEphysa simplex, Penn. (sp.) II•
hemisphwrica, Templeton IT (I.)
Obelia vitrea, Penn. (sp.) ; Piliscelotus vitreus, Templeton? Ocyroe ? cruciata, Temp. (I.)
Chrysora tuberculata, Penn. (sp.) **Aurelia aurita, Lin. (sp.)
3bilobata, Forbes, MS. (I.)
Rhizostoma Cuvieri, Peron; Med. undulata, Penn. ..
* ?
Cyanzea Lamarckii, Peron.
•capillata, Lin. (sp.) ; " C. inscripta, Temp. young" (Forbes)? dEquorea ? radiata, Temp.
? Callirhoe ? dubia, Temp.- (I.)" Medusa scintillans," Macartney
Diphya elongata, Hyndman, Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. vii. (I.)* •••Apolemia ? Gettiana, Hyndman, (I.) MI* Edin. Phil. Journ., Jan. 1836.
Trans. Roy. Irish Acad. vol. xis. part 1.
t Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. vii. p. 164. and vol. xiii.
Physalia pelugica only is here noticed; two fine examples of this species have at
different times been obtained at Youghal by Miss Ball.
§ A species of Velella is not uncommonly found thrown ashore on the north andwest coasts, but being generally in an injured state, its species is uncertain. The
emarginata is in all respects different from, and twice the size of the ordinary
species. It was obtained on the coast of Cork some years ago by Dr. Geo. J. Allman.
II " Probably as Cuvier suggests, some species in a mutilated state." Forbes.
¶ " Perhaps a young state of urelia." Forbes.
** " This and the preceding are badly observed species." Forbes.
tt " Of doubtful position, but apparently a good species." Forbes.
" Probably the fry of some species." Forbes. Lesson names it Thaumantias
lucida, p. 335.
§§ Among shell-sand collected at Bundoran on the western coast by Mrs. Hancock,and sent to Mr. Hyndman, several Diphyte (apparently D. elongata) were met with.
• •

11

• • •

• • •

• • •

11

fl

•

•

• II •

1111This species will be described in the Annals of Natural History.

• • •

282

REPORT-1843.

Professor Edw. Forbes, who has bestowed more attention on the Acalephathan any British author, and successfully studied the species in a living state,
has kindly contributed for my use on the present occasion a catalogue of thenative species, in which those observed by him when dredging in various
parts of the Irish coast are noted: some of these have already been publishedin the Reports of the British Association for 1839 (p. 85, Transactions ofSections), and Annals of Nat. Hist. vol. vii. p. 81. The recorded species ofBritish and of Irish Acalepha are about the same in number ; the latter exclusively (as yet observed) are above indicated in the usual manner : those
known as British and not as Irish, according to Professor Forbes's catalogue,
are the following :—Cydippe Flerningii, Forb.
Rataria (Esch.) pocillum, Mont. (sp.)
Alcinoe rotunda, Forbes Goodsir.
Dianwa? Bairdii, Johnst. Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. vi.
Thaumantias punctata, Forbes, Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. vii.
Sarnica," Cyan ma" coccinea, Davis, Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. vii. p. 234. p1.2. (Gen. Oceania.)" Geryonia" octona, Flem. Brit. Anim. (Gen. Oceania.)
Aurelia gratiulata, Esch.
„ purpurea, Penn.
Cassiopea lunulata, Penn.
" Eulimena" quadrangularis, Flein. Brit. Anim. (probably a Beroe.)ZOOPHYTA.
The Zoophytes of Ireland are well known. In Ellis's British Corallines'
some species from the coast of Ireland are described ; in the ninth volumeof Loudon's Magazine of Natural History a complete catalogue of the native
Zoophytes known to Templeton appeared ; in the 'Zoological Researches' of
Mr. John Vaughan Thompson is a "memoir" (5th) partly upon the subject ;in the Annals of Natural History, vol. v. p. 249, and vol. vii. p. 481, additional
species to the Irish Fauna are given by myself; in vols. vi. vii. and ix. of thiswork Mr. Hassall has very fully entered into the subject; in the Proceedingsof the Royal Irish Academy for 1843*, and in a communication brought before the present meeting t, Dr. Geo. J. Allman has given the results of his
investigation of the freshwater species.
The collections of Dr. J. L. Drummond and Mr. Hyndman from the northand north-east coast ; of Mr. W. H. Harvey (communicated to me in 1834),
Miss Ball, and Mr. R. Ball from the Dublin coast ; of the two last-named
from Youghal (co. Cork) ; of Mrs. Hancock from Ballysodare (co. Sligo), andothers of less extent have added much—in addition to those of the naturalists
who have written upon the subject—to our knowledge of the native species.
To my kind friend Dr. Johnston I am indebted for a manuscript catalogueof the British Zoophytes as known to him at the present time : the nomenclature and synonyma of the following list are taken from it, as are, also, thedata on which the concluding remarks are founded.
The title of this paper is " On the Muscular System of Paludicella articulata andother Ascidian Zoophytes of fresh water."t See present volume.

283

ON THE FAUNA OF IRELAND.

Distribution.

ZOOPHYTA #.

4I
0Order HYDROIDA.
Clava multicornis ; Coryne squamata, Lam.
3?
" capitata ; Echinochorum clavigerum, Hass.
* 3
minuticornis ; Hydra corynaria, Temp.
3
Coryne pusilla, Gcert. ; C. glandulosa, Lam.
3
Eudendrium rameum ; Tubularia ramea, Pall.
3
ramosum ; Tub. ramosa, Lin.
..
Tubularia indivisa, Lin.
3
larynx, Ellis
3
muscoides, Lin.
3
Thoa halecina, Lamx.
3 3 3„ Beanii, Johnst.
3„ muricata, Johnst.
3
Sertularia polyzonias, Lin...
3 3
rugosa, Lin.
•rosacea, Lin.
3 •••pumila, Lin.
3
pinaster, Ellis ; S. margareta, Hass. (TV. T.)
3 3tamarisca, Lin.
3
3
abietina, Lin.
•3
filicula, Ellis
operculata, Lin.
▪
argentea, Ellis
3 3cupressina, Lin.
3
Thuia,ria thuja, Flem3„
articulata, Flem.
41k,
Antennularia antennina, Flem. A. ramosa*arborescens, Hass. (probably not distinct from last.)
Plumularia falcata, Lam.
3 3cristata, Lam
3*pennatula, Lam.
pinnata, Lam,,
3*
setacea, Lam. ; Sertularia Templetoni, Rem. (IV. T.)3 3 *Catharina,,,
3
myriophylluni, Lam.
3frutescens, Flem.
Laomedea dichotoma, Lamx.
3*3geniculata, Lamx.
3 3**gelatinosa, Lamx.
3 3Campanularia volubilis, Lam
3integra,syringa, Lam.
verticillata, Lam
3dumosa, Rem.
**
Hydra viridis, Lin.
3
„ vulgaris, Pall.
3„ fusca, Lin.
3
„ verrucosa, Temp. (Allman makes this identical with H. fusca.)
3
Cordylophora lacustris, Allman. (See present volume.) (I.)
•

•

•

• • •

PP

•

• •

•

•

PP

PP

•

PP

PP

PP

PP

If

•

•

•

•

• •

*

•

• •

*

•

•

•

*

•

•

•

•

•

•

• •

•

•

•

yip

Johnst.

Y.,

•

PP

3

*

.9 ,

P.>

3

*

Order ASTEROIDA.
Virgularia mirabilis, Lam.
Gorgonia anceps, Pall.
*?
Alcyonium digitatum, Lin.
** Before entering on the Zoophytes it may be mentioned that Templeton noticed
ten species of Vorticella in the ninth volume of Loudon's Mag. Nat. Hist. (p. 420),of which three are described and figured as new.

(tlaupoo 'lla0 Va tIT3303'SSDH t'qt!lp•18217101 ‘uiaittuds* * * *
•tuaij•ff ! •isuyof ‘-emip•ss7H ‘siu2!su! •ri* *-pulpy cupp!u.. .ssw ‘tvepund* •••* * * *
ft•isuyof 'tsiatutu!
* ••• * *isuiyof tsoloptin.9'13.1apu-e12.SSIV. 1gUYOf
isuyof ‘S!.1
wino". ‘13S0311J.I3A`uvag gpo4sutior'SSW
SSW tInp1.10CHH 1Sn1d 'SSW tutuolsolpad* *•isuyof 's!uioo!un• pup! ‘VOUp3OD"•ssm- ‘uluuoionlluq •daiia0 ! -ssw wuyof `mEssull* * * *! •;sztvoi- ‘uull-eSti vffeadarT
ssw ‘vo!..rpulliCa* •.. ••• *•utaid- `s!u.too!An3* ••• * *•tq7 ‘vsoinurei* * * *
•2117 `-eso3!tund undatia0* .•• * .
•21077 ‘vvinieds vpvu!auv* * * *
fivaD ‘-eveioaDifet •H •xutryi ceTeDI.T.utilp
maid- `up-einuaTea -eotnoddm* *•luaLi ‘uyein3poi v!utuloN** *x2tn7 ‘u4t3latp -ea4unua• • .
0433IV
151010f ‘-e!iacto* * * *-//tDri ‘VS.I@ASLIVil•?/17 csuad.tas viod!cliv, ! suadias* * -ssoH cuTeincioi! %up,' "(lug -eiodmnj, ! •82/1101 `spvilaq-eu* •.• ••• *-luau "ds!q 13.10d03SM 7g/i7/0/* ‘-emds!li* • .• * *-maw ‘up-e3n.uan uiodo3sm ! •uto7 '-euptcl •eiod!inqnj,* *•ssog ‘quainou "* •.. * *(q-extli•mpg- ‘-opin3Ruap -0 !
* * * *
xzun7 ‘vauinqa* * *•isuyof tv4nuao3 -eas!..r0* • .• * *(1) .sans %;•eultpa uunia3iyad* *.
a.c.tvg (suada.i viiaua2u1
ams 4intre : •splo,9 ‘134watuoi2 •)ireA `• nappy ‘uveopquu* * * *
ams Savuliad `a.taiv,q- (vsuap •g! •lsztyof (uicolicitu! vrypegiamog* .•• * *"-isuyof ‘usoinlsnd* *‘ctuaid- 'uAn
* * * *
•ticalj cqupsuo vpalreA* * * *
•thuou cusoulds -eIreino!saA(11* ••• * *•zio7 '-via2!puai El.rerepas
*

•

•

•

•

II •

*

•

{_aas =

•vaimaiosy dam)* • (1) "09

11

aqva- 'ulnopnv•luau 'sp-ein3psvj vpuu.raoni
smg `srpuulp 'C
smg `U33V W a2 ft
smg 'smog( I) .70.14T cuauP 3° 3•nnyv- ceienp!li•tOE 'd •x! -10A •H •NT •][AT •pnorj •dtual, (u.lapl!.reareat
smy ‘urntuatpuEiciquuasatu v!umv-e!upay ! -q.toj ‘gpinxecu v!stuvpv
snippy-7suyof ‘snaia3 vagluy
sapis `np.uts -em.CtidoSau0
isuyof `uti3no0 srupuvoz•1•1M.

•vai0HINviriaH0•-t7•uotIncipma

'ET/8

T-85

285

ON THE FAUNA OF IRELAND.

Distribution.
•
4=1

0

z

Order ASCIDIOIDA.

Lepralia semilunaris, Hass• *•linearis, Hass. (I.)**
auriculata, Hass.
...
PP•
ventricosa, Hass.
tenuis, Hass. (I.)
PP
assimilis, Hass. (I.)
PP„
ovalis, Hass.*... 4
Membranipora pilosa ; Flustra pil., Lin.
*
membranacea ; Fl. memb., Mull. ; Fl. tuberculata, Johnst
Flustra foliacea, Lin.
*„ chartacea, Gmel.
„ truncata, Lin.
3
„ carbasea, Ellis 8' Solan„ avicularis, Sower.
**„ lineata, Lin.t*
Cellularia ciliata, Pall.
*scruposa, Pall.
•
reptans, Pall.
•*avicularia, Ellis 8' Solan.
PP*
Acamarchis neritina (sp.), Lin.
3
plumosa ; Cellul. plum., Pall. ; Sert. fastigiata, Lin*
Farcimia salicornia ; Cellul. sal., Pall.
*sinuosa, Hass.
PP*
Alcyonidium gelatinosum ; Alcyonium gel., Pall.
*
hirsutum, Flem.
3echinatum, Flem.
3 3parasiticum, Flem.
Cycloum hispiuin, Fabr. (sp.) Cycl. papillosum, Hass. ; Flustra ? car*nosa, Johnst. ; Flustra spongiosa, Temp.
Sarcochitum polyoum, Hass.
*
Cristatella mucedo, Cuv.
Alcyonella stagnorum, Lam.
Plumatella repens, Lam.
**emarginata, Allman (I.)
PP
fruticosa, Allman (I.)
Fredericella gelatinosa ; Plumat. gel., Flem., Johnst.
sultana ; Tubularia suit., Blumen. " Identical with F. ge•••latinosa," Allman
dilatata, Allman (I.) (See present vol. or Annals, vol.xii p.331.) • • •Paludicella articulata, Gervais (I.)
4
• • •

•

*

."

*

•

•

PP

..,

3;

?

3

•••

4I••

3

• ••

4 •

•

••

•

•••

•••

Of the Zoophyta Hydroida there are fi fty-two British species, five of which
are not recorded as Irish : of these, three are each from a single locality—.
Corymorpha nutans, from Shetland ; Sertularia Evansii, Yarmouth, andknown only to Ellis ; Laomedea obliqua, south of England ? The others are
Sertularia pinnata, of which nothing positive can be said, owing to the confusion in which the species is involved ; Sertularia nigra, noticed on the east
coast of Great Britain and in Cornwall. Cordylophora lacustris, a freshwater
species discovered in the vicinity of Dublin by Dr. Geo. J. Allman, and forthe reception of which he has constituted a new genus, has not been met within Great Britain.
Ireland is very deficient in the Zoop. Asteroida, three only of the eight* The preceding seven Lepralic have not been examined by Dr. Johnston.
t Flustra distans, Hass. not a veritable species.

286

REPORT-1843.

British species having been found upon our coast : two of these eight— Gorgonio placomus, noted as from Cornwall (Ellis), and Isis hippuris, from theeast of Scotland and Orkney—are considered by some authors as doubtful
British species. The others are Pennatula phosphorea, for which the only
localities particularized in Johnston's British Zoophytes are on the eastern
coast of Scotland* ; Gorgonia verrucosa from Cornwall, Devon, " Scotland; "Gorgonia lepadifera from Shetland and Aberdeenshire.
There are twenty British species of Zoophyta Helianthoida, including Capnea sanguinea, discovered in the Irish Sea near the Isle of Man by Professor
Edw. Forbes. Nine of these have not been noticed on the Irish coast, andon the British, one only of the number has been found in more than a single
locality, viz. Lucernaria campanulata, obtained at Torbay and Berwick. The
others are the Capnea already mentioned ; Turbinolia borealis and Actinia
intestinalis from Zetland ; Anthea Tuedia and Actinia saxatilis from Berwick ; Act. biserialis from Guernsey ; Ilicctnthus Scoticus from Loch Ryan.
The Actinia margaritifera and Act. coccinea found on the coast, of Ireland,
are unknown to the British catalogue.
The British species of Zoop. Ascidioida may be reckoned ninety-three in
number-, after several species described as distinct have been made synonymous with others previously known ; of these, twenty-eight have not yet
been recorded as Irish :—several are yet unpublished as British. On theother hand, eight known as Irish have not a place in the catalogue of GreatBritain ; three are LTralice described by Mr. Hassan ; the Pedicellina echinata of Sars ; Pluntatella emarginata, Plum. fruticosa and Fredericella dilatata of Allman ; Pahtdicella articulata of Gervais t. Of the Irish desiderata
seventeen species are each from a single British locality—Beania mirabilis
and Flustra Murrayana from Scarborough ; Tubulipora penicillata, T. deflexa, T. trahens and T. hyalina§ (described by Mr. Conch), from Cornwall,
which is the only locality for Retepora reticulata. Tubulipora truncata,
Cellepora lavis, and Flustra setacea have been obtained at Zetland. Pallas's habitat for Notamia bursa—" mare Anglicum"—should probably bemore strictly a limited locality. Lepralia trespinosa is from Berwickshire ;Cellularia Hookeri from Torquay ; Eschara fascialis, Isle of Wight ; Lepralia reticulata, Aberdeen. The remaining species respecting which localities
have been published, are Cellepora Skenei, east coast of Great Britain, &c.,
from Northumberland to Zetland, and lately dredged off the Mull of Galloway by Capt. Beechey, R.N.; Retepora cellulosa, Shetland,Fulah and Scarborough ; Eschara foliacea, Sussex and the south coast of England.
AMORPHOZOA.
A catalogue of the Irish Sponges known to Templeton was published in
the ninth volume of Loudon's Magazine of Natural History, and a few* A specimen once brought to me from Belfast market was stated to have beenfound among haddock sent from Glasgow, and most probably captured on the west
coast of Scotland.
t Included in this number are two of Delle Chiaje's species from Sana island, on
the Scottish coast, noticed by myself in the Annals of Nat. Hist. (vol. x. p. 20), andthe seven last-named species of Mr. Hassall in the preceding catalogue, all of which
require to be further studied with the view to ascertain whether they be really new
or only synonymous with species previously described —indeed, the Berenicea, Cellepore and Lepralice require a thorough revision.
A highly interesting paper on the anatomy of the species, by Dr. Geo. J. Allman,has been published in the Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy for 1843.
§ I have not seen the descriptions of these species of Tubulipora.

287

ON THE FAUNA OF IRELAND.

additional species were noticed by myself in the fi fth volume (p. 254) of theAnnals of Natural History. More recently, the native species obtained by Mr.
Hassall, myself and others, and those procured by Wm. McCalla, collector
to the Royal Dublin Society, were placed in Dr. Johnston's hands for description in his work on the British Sponges which appeared in 1842. They are
fully treated of there, with the exception of one species, the Grantia lacunosa(which I obtained in Strangford lough in July 1838) being accidentallyomitted. The names in the following list are those adopted in the work justmentioned.
Distribution.

AMORPHOZOA.
4.;Class ANIORPHOZOA ) Blainv.--Sponges.

4ta

0

z
•••

0

41
•.

Tethea lyncurium, Lam.
3
Halichondria oculata, Pall. (sp.)
3cervicornis, Pall. (sp.)...
Montagui, Flem.
ventilabra, Lin. (sp.)
simulans, Johnst. (I.)
3cinerea, Grant (sp.)
3fucorum, Esper (sp.)
panicea, Pall. (sp.)
3xgagropila, Scouter, Johnst. (I.)
incrustans, Esper (sp.)
3saburrata, Johnst. (perhaps not distinct from last, Johnst.
3
Sponges, p. 197.) (I.)
1
areolata, Johnst.
serrata, Grant (sp.)
3celata, Grant (sp.)
sanguinea, Grant (sp.)
hirsuta, Flem
suberea, Mont. (sp.)
mammillaris, Mull. (sp.)
carnosa, Johnst. (I.)
Spongilla fluviatilis, Pall.
3
Spongia pulchella, Sow.
3
„ , limbata, Mont.
3
Grantia compressa, Fabr. (sp.)„
lacunosa, Bean, Johnst
3„
ciliata, Fabr. (sp.)...
3„botryoides, Ellis and Solan. (sp.)„
fistulosa, Johnst.
3„
nivea, Grant (sp.)
coriacea, Mont. (sp.)„
Dysidea fragilis, Mont. (sp.)„?
papillose, Johnst.
3
•

•

•

•

•

•

• •

• •

•

•

• •

Class LITHOPHYTA*.
Corallina officinalis, Lin.
3 3 *Jania rubens, Lamour., Lin. (sp.) ..
* *Halimeda opuntia, Lamour. Pall. (sp.)
Nullipora polymorpha, Lin. (sp.) ..
* * *
...
„
fasciculata, Lam. (sp.) (I.)„
agariciformis, Pall. (sp.) (I.)
Of the fi fty-one species of Sponge found in Great Britain, twenty-seven* Now referred to the vegetable kingdom.

288

REPORT-1843.

have been met with in Ireland, and 5 species—Haliehondria simulans, H. agagropila, H. saburrata, H. carnosa, Grantia fistulosa ; all described as new—being indigenous to the latter island only, make our number thirty-two. The
most common Halichondria thrown ashore on the north-east coast of Ireland
are H. fitCOrltin and H. panicea: on the Dublin coast the latter is in thehighest perfection. H. suberea is not uncommonly dredged from deep water.
Spongilla fluviatilis is found in several localities in the north, and both inswiftly-flowing and still waters.
Grantia compressa and G. ciliates are common on Alga around the coast,as G. botryoides is in the north.
Of the twenty-four British Sponges unknown as Irish, the following species
are recorded but from one district or one locality—Geodia Zetlandica andTethea cranium, Shetland Isles—Halichondria hispida, H. ranzosa, H. plumosa, H. fruticosa, H. aurea, H. conus, H. rigida, H. perlevis ; Spongia
lavigata and Pachymatisma Johnstonia from the south of England : of theseten species, seven rest on the authority of Montagu alone. Halle& aculeataand H. virgultosa are from Scarborough (Mr. Bean) ; Halich. albescens andHalisarca Difjardinii from Berwick and its vicinity (Dr. Johnston) ; Hauck. sevosa from the Isle of Man (Mr. E. Forbes) ; Spongilla lacustris fromthe adjoining counties of Angus (or Forfar) and Fife; the remainder are
palmata found in the Orkney and Shetland Islands, the east andsouth of England ; Halich. Columba, Icolmkill and Brighton ; Hulick. infundibulum, northern islands of Scotland and Cumbrae ; Halich. coalita,
east and south Great Britain ; Ilcclicla. ficus, Scarborough and Isle of Man ;Grantia pulverulenta, Devon and Zetland.
Of the eight British species (or forms considered as such) of Lithophyta,
four are known as Irish, and in the catalogue of the latter, two new species—
Nullipora fasciculata and N. agariciformis—are included, thus making thenumber altogether six. Corallina officinalis, Jania rubens, and Nullipora
polymorpha, are abundant round the coast. Of the four British species unknown as Irish, three— Corallina elongata, C. squamata and Jania corniculata—have been found only in the south of England ; Nullipora calcarea there,
and also on the west coast of Scotland : this last is considered by Dr. Johnston to be merely a state of N. polymorpha.
Conclusion.
The progress made in the portions of the Invertebrata of Ireland embraced
in this Report has been indicated under the respective Classes. It is considerable in all, and exhibits, from the circumstance of our Fauna being about
equally investigated with that of Great Britain, a fair comparison with thelarger island*. Much still remains to be done in every department withreference to mere species, and to their distribution. The manner in which
the various marine species are found associated together ; the relative depths
considered in connection with their mineralogical character; the many influences affecting the distribution of species, are subjects of inquiry, for the studyof which the coast of Ireland offers a rich harvestt. Accurate observations
on the habits and general economy of the species are always valuable. The* More attention has been bestowed on the Mollusca Nudibranchia, Foraminifera
and Annelida of Great Britain than on those of Ireland, where on the other hand the
Mollusca Cephalopoda, Moll. Tunicata and Entozoa have (as to species) claimed more
attention.
-f The natural history of Ireland exclusively being alluded to, the all-importantquestions of structure and physiology are not mentioned, as they can be studied inevery country which the species inhabits.

ON THE FAUNA OF IRELAND.

289

following is a brief summary of the departments in which the greatest additions to our knowledge as to species, &c. may be anticipated :—MoLLuscA,
Orders Nudibranchiata and Tunicata generally ; Cephalopoda—as evinced by
Mr. R. Ball's discoveries in one locality ; Pectinibranchiata—minute speciesof the families Turbinide and Buccinide ; Lamellibranchiata —in the species
not to be met with on the beach, but only to be obtained by dredging.
CRUSTACEA generally, excepting the order Decapoda. CIRRIIIPED A, withrespect to the various forms assumed by each species. ANNELIDA generally,
land, freshwater and marine : the testaceous species of the tribe Serpulina,
though as to their mere number the best known, much require rigid analysis.
FORAMINIFERA generally. EcHINODERMATA, the families Holothuriade
and Sipunculicke. ACALEPHA generally. ZOOPHYTA ; in Hydroida, the soft
species or those which do not form horny cases, as the genera Clava, Hydra,&c. ; the Helianthoida generally ; in Ascidioida, the genera Tubulipora andLepralia, in reference to the extent of form assumed by the respective species.
AMORPHOZOA or Sponges generally. ENTOZOA generally —tracing the forms
assumed by the respective species from birth to their adult. state, &c.
The chief collections of objects illustrative of the Zoology of Ireland are
the following. In Dublin there are of public collections, the Ordnance Museum, Phcenix Park, good in various departments of Vertebrata and Invertebrata ; the Royal College of Surgeons Museum, in which Mr. J. V. Thompson's
collection of Crustacea is preserved ; Trinity College, containing the late Mr.
Tardy's fine collection of Insects, added to by Dr. Coulter ; Natural History
Society, Zoophytes, &c. ; Royal Dublin Society, Vertebrata and Invertebrataof private collections there are in the metropolis Mr. R. Ball's, very rich inthe various branches of Vertebrata and Invertebrata ; Miss M. Ball's, Insects
chiefly, and Shells ; Mr. Warren's, very fine in Shells and Birds ; Dr. Farran's,also very fine in Shells, and good in Birds ; Dr. Bellingham's, in Entozoa ; Mr.
Egan's, in Insects ; Dr. George J. Allman's, in freshwater Zoophytes and Mollusca Nudibranchiata ; Mr. O'Kelly's, in Shells *. In Belfast, the Museum of
the Natural History Society contains a general collection of Vertebrata andInvertebrata, including the late Mr. Templeton's ; Mr. Hyndman's collection
is rich in Mollusca, Insects, &c. ; Mr. Haliday's very rich in some orders ofInsects ; Dr. Drummond's in Entozoa and various Invertebrata ; Mr. Patterson's in Insects ; my own in various departments, Vertebrata and Invertebrata.
In Cork, Dr. Harvey has a good collection of Vertebrata, as Mr. Clear has of
Insects ; Mr. Humphreys, of Shells ; Mr. Samuel Wright, of Shells, &c.: Mr.
Samuel Green of Youghal has a good collection of the eggs of native birds.
In Limerick, Mr. Wm. Henry Harvey has a good collection of land, freshwater and marine Shells. In the county of Tipperary Mr. Robert Davis, Jun.
of Clonmel, has a collection of Birds, and of the Eggs of Birds, the best in
Ireland : the Rev. Thomas Knox of Toomavara has a good collection of Birds,
as Mr. Edward Waller of Finnoe has of land and freshwater Shells : the late
Mr. Hely had an extensive collection of the Insects of his district. Dr. Burkittof Waterford has a large collection of Birds. Mr. John Vandeleur Stewart ofRockhill, Letterkenny, county of Donegal, has an extensive collection of Mainmalia and Birds :—the Rev. Benj. J. Clarke, now of Tuam, of land and freshwater Mollusca :—Mrs. W. J. Hancock of Lurgan, of Shells, &c., from two localities on the western coast. The collection of Irish Shells formed by Capt.
Brown now belongs to Lady Jardine, and that of Dr. Turton is in the possession of Mr. Jeffreys of Swansea.
* This collection having been formed previous to the publication of the cataloguesof Dr. Turton and Capt. Brown, is frequently referred to by them. Mr. O'Kelly
states that it was from him Dr. Turton fi rst imbibed a taste for conchology : the genus
Kellia was dedicated to him by this author.

1843.

290

REPORT-1843.

Finally, it should be stated that the various Classes of the Vertebrate andInvertebrate animals of Ireland contained in this and the former Report are
not treated of for the first time. They were all studied by JOHN TEMPLETON, and catalogues of the species they embrace, with the exception of Mollusca (omitted only because others had written on it), were published fromhis manuscript by his son (who is likewise most favourably known to zoologists) in the ninth volume of Loudon's Magazine of Natural History, and in
the first volume of the same work conducted by Charlesworth : the former
volume contains the Invertebrata ; the latter, the Vertebrata.
The only portions of the Animal Kingdom as displayed in Ireland andnot included in this Report (two parts), are Insecta (including Mjriapoda,
Araehnoida, &c.) and Infusoria. That the Insecta have not been altogether
neglected, the following summary, kindly contributed by Mr. A. H. Haliday,
will show. This distinguished entomologist remarks,—" My catalogue, which has lain untouched for several seasons, contained ofnamed and described species—" Coleopera, about 950. A good many of these from Mr. Tardy's MSS.,
and as his health for some years previous to his death had not allowed him tofollow the progress of science, the additions from this source may require
some revision.
" Some particulars as to Irish Coleoptera are given in Entomologist, Annalsof Nat. Hist. vol. ii. Entom. Magazine, vol. iv.
" Strepsiptera, 2 species.
" Orthoptera, about 50. See Ent. Mag. vol. iii. iv.
" Hemiptera, under 150. The order very little examined yet.
" Diptera, about 1050. Annals Nat. Hist. ii. & iii. Zool. Journal, v. Ent.
Mag. i. iii. iv.
" Hymenoptera, about 1100. Annals Nat. Hist. ii. Ent. Mag. 1-5. F.
Walker, Monographia Chalciditum ; A. H. Haliday, Hymenoptera Britannica.
" Lepidoptera, about 450, chiefly from Tardy's MSS. and collection, and requiring revision, as they bad fallen into confusion. I had the liberty of availing myself of these from the late possessor, Dr. Coulter.
" Thysanura, about 22, collected by me. See Templeton in Trans. Ent.
Society, vol. i. p. 89.
" Neuroptera, about 70.
" Total number of Irish Insects known, about 3850.
" Some additions in each I owe to \V. Clear, Esq., and the collections, &c.
of the late G. Hely and — Hafield, but I suppose nine-tenths of the whole(except Lepidoptera) were taken near Belfast ; so that independent of thenumbers unexamined and unnamed the selection affords no clue to the numbers of Irish Fauna. I have had opportunity however to judge that the southof Ireland does not afford the same increase of forms which we find in thelike change of latitude in Great Britain.
" Stephens and Curtis both give, scattered throughout their principal works,
information about the insects found in Ireland. There are also a few detachednotices elsewhere which I cannot just now refer to."To the above from Mr. Holiday it may be added, that some species foundin the north of Ireland are incidentally noticed in Patterson's volume on the' Insects mentioned in Shakspeare's Plays ;' and that in Mr. Denny's work
entitled Anoplura Britannica,' the Irish species are included. Mr. Robert
Templeton, in addition to the Thysanura already mentioned, has published a

PROVISIONAL REPORTS AND NOTICES.

291

list of the Myriapoda* and Arachnoidat. The Infusoria have been little
attended to: some native genera and species placed by some authors in the
Animal Kingdom are described in Harvey's Manual of the British Algae
others of a similar nature have been brought before the Microscopical Society of Dublin by Capt. Portlockl: and Mr. David Moore §. Dr. Geo. J. Allmanli has likewise exhibited to that Society a few species of Infusoria, which
it is unnecessary to name here.
In concluding this Report, it may be permitted me to state that no one
can be more sensible than myself of its numerous imperfections. With thehope of diminishing their number by a more extended time, I was desirous ofits postponement for another year, but it was urged that a Report on the
Fauna of Ireland should be brought forward at an Irish meeting of the Association, and to this consideration I at length waived my desire for a longer
period of preparation.

PROVISIONAL REPORTS AND NOTICES OF PROGRESS IN
SPECIAL RESEARCHES ENTRUSTED TO COMMITTEESAND INDIVIDUALS.

Report on the Results of the Discussion qf the Meteorological Observations made at Plymouth and Devonport at the request of the
Association. By WM. SNOW HARRIS, F.R.S.
THE great mass of the results which these observations necessarily involved
had precluded the possibility of completing a full report, such as would be requisite for the pages of the next volume of the Association : the necessary
documents are, however, sufficiently complete to insure this report for the
next meeting.
The first series of observations were those deduced from Mr. Whewell'sanemometer, by which a result has been arrived at not dissimilar from thatlaid before the Meeting at Manchester, viz. the existence of a sort of tradewind or current of air from south to north, in the place where the observations were made : this was exemplified by large typographical delineations of
the aerial currents by lines proportional to the velocity and direction forgiven times laid down for the years 1841 and 1842.
Mr. Harris made some observations on the nature and capabilities of this
instrument, and the results which might be expected from it in deducing thegreat annual movements of the atmosphere.
The result of the discussions of the observations with Osler's anemometer
were next brought under consideration, which being regularly tabulated anddiscussed, indicated a mean hourly intensity of the wind in an order similar* London's Mag. Nat. Hist. ix.
t Id. and Zool. Journ. vol. v. p. 400. A singular parasite obtained on a Grey
Seal (Halichorus gryphus) killed on the Dublin coast by Mr. R. Ball, has been investigated by Dr. Geo. J. Allman, who brings it under Arachnoida and constitutes a
new genus—Haiarachne—for its reception. He proposes to call the species Halar.
halich ri: it will be described in the Annals of Natural History.
Microscopic Journal, vol. ii. p. 6.
§ Id. vol. i. p. 159.
11 An interesting paper on Fossil Infusoria from the county of Down was publishedby Dr. Drummond in Charlesworth's Magazine of Natural History, vol. iii. p, 353.

U 2