The Horticulture Journal
Instructions to Authors
3. Journal & Ethics Policies

1. Aims and Scope
2. Manuscript Types
3. Journal & Ethics Policies
4. Peer Review Process
5. Copyright, Open Access and Fees
6. Manuscript Submission
7. Manuscript Preparation
8. Accepted Manuscripts
9. Contact

Hort J. upholds the highest standards in scholarly publishing. Before submitting a manuscript to the journal,
authors must ensure that they have read and compliedwith the journal’s policies. The journal reserves the rightto reject without review, or retract, any manuscript that
the Editor believes may not comply with these policies.
The responsibilities of the journal’s authors, editors,
reviewers and publisher regarding research and publication ethics are described in full below.
Materials previously published in extension bulletins,commercial magazines, etc. will be examined carefullyby the Editorial Board to prevent duplication on receipt
of a copy of the publication in question together withthe manuscript. Publication of abstracts in the Annual
Meeting of the JSHS, however, does not preclude a later
publication of a full report in the Journal.
Submission to the journal implies that the manuscript
has not been previously published (in part or in whole, in
any language), is not in press, and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
Authors must inform the editors if any related manuscripts are under consideration, in press or publishedelsewhere, including on preprint servers.
If authors choose to submit their manuscript elsewhere
before a final decision has been made on its suitability
for publication in Hort. J., they should first withdraw itfrom the journal.

1. Aims and Scope

The Horticulture Journal (Hort. J.) is an international
journal published quarterly by the Japanese Society for
Horticultural Science. Its aim is to deliver new scientificand technological information to horticultural scientists
worldwide. Hort. J. publishes articles based on original
research, as well as reviews by society members.
Hort. J. covers research on fruits, vegetables, andornamental plants grown in temperate and subtropical/
tropical regions. Manuscripts on both basic and appliedresearch in a wide range of horticulture-related fields,such as crop production, physiology, propagation, genetics, breeding, phytopathology, postharvest biology, storage, transportation, and protected horticulture, but not ongardening and landscape architecture, will be considered
for publication. Research papers featuring novel technologies and methodologies are welcome; however, theresearch results should be of significance to horticulture.
Papers focusing on only basic plant science researchwithout any direct contribution to horticulture are outside the scope of Hort. J.

3-1. Submission and membership
The journal welcomes manuscript submissions from
authors based anywhere in the world. However, the firstor corresponding author must be an individual (or student) member of the JSHS. Non-members may be coauthors but are urged to consider membership.
Submission of a manuscript to the journal implies that
all authors: have approved it, warrant it is factual, haveagreed to its submission, and have the right to publish it.

2. Manuscript Types

The journal welcomes two manuscript types, both ofwhich are subject to peer review.
2-1. Articles
Articles are full and comprehensive reports describing
original research.

3-2. Originality
Submission to the journal implies that the manuscript is original work. The journal may use Crossref’s
Similarity Check software to screen manuscripts forunoriginal content. By submitting a manuscript to thejournal, authors agree to this screening. Any manuscriptwith an unacceptable level of unoriginal material may berejected or retracted at the Editors’ discretion.

2-2. Reviews
Reviews are invited by members of the Editorial Boardor submitted by individual members of the JapaneseSociety for Horticultural Science (JSHS). Reviews present novel or unique overviews of recent or importantdevelopments in the field. They must be insightful andaddress the question(s) of interest using appropriate andfully presented evidence; exhaustive general summaries
will not be published.

3-3. Authorship
Submission to the journal implies that all authors haveseen and approved the author list. Changes to the author
list after manuscript submission—such as the insertionor removal of author names, or a rearrangement of author
12order—must be approved by all authors and the editor.
Authors are encouraged to consider the International
Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)
Recommendations on ‘Defining the Role of Authors andContributors’. The ICMJE recommends that authorshipis based on four criteria: making a substantial contribution to the conception or design of the work, or theacquisition, analysis or interpretation of data for thework; drafting the manuscript or revising it critically forimportant intellectual content; approving the final version of the manuscript for publication; and agreeing to
be held accountable for all aspects of the work. Any contributor who has met all four criteria should be an author
on the manuscript. Contributors who do not meet all four
criteria should not be authors of the manuscript but may
be included in the Acknowledgements section instead.
3-4. Data falsification, data fabrication and image
integrity
Authors must not falsify or fabricate data. Authors
may digitally manipulate or process images, but only
if the adjustments are kept to a minimum, are applied
to the entire image, meet community standards, and areclearly described in the manuscript. All images in a manuscript must accurately reflect the original data on which
they are based. Authors must not move, remove, add orenhance individual parts of an image. The editors reserve
the right to request original, unprocessed images fromthe authors. Failure to provide requested images may
result in a manuscript being rejected or retracted.
3-5. Reproducing copyrighted material
If a manuscript includes material that is not under theauthors’ own copyright, the authors must obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) to reproduce it.
If a manuscript includes previously published material, the authors must obtain permission from the copyright owners and the publisher of the original work to
reproduce it. The authors must cite the original work intheir manuscript.
Copies of all reproduction permissions must be
included with the manuscript when it is first submitted.
3-6. Availability of data and materials
Authors must disclose the source of publicly available
data and materials, such as public repositories or commercial manufacturers, by including accession numbers
or company details in their manuscript, as appropriate.
Authors may make their own data and materials available in Supplementary Material, or by linking from theirmanuscript to relevant community-recognized public
databases or digital repositories. All data sets must be
made available in full to the editors and reviewers during
the peer review process and must be made publicly
available by the date of publication. Authors commit topreserving their data sets for at least three years from thedate of publication in the journal.

The journal encourages authors to grant reasonable
requests from colleagues to share any data, materials andexperimental protocols described in their manuscript.
3-7. Animal/human experimentation
Authors of manuscripts describing experiments
involving humans or materials derived from humans
must demonstrate that the work was carried out in accordance with the principles embodied in the Declarationof Helsinki, its revisions, and any guidelines approvedby the authors’ institutions or ethics committees. Where
relevant, the authors must include a statement in theirmanuscript that describes the procedures for obtaining
informed consent from participants regarding participation in the research and publication of the research.
Authors of manuscripts describing experiments
involving animals or materials derived from animals
must demonstrate that the work was carried out in accordance with the guidelines approved by the authors’ institution(s).
3-8. Specimen collection
Manuscripts describing the collection of archaeological, geological, paleontological or botanical specimens or samples should include detailed information on
their provenance and collection methods. Authors must
include a statement in their manuscript describing therelevant ethics guidelines, local laws and collection permits under which the research was conducted.
3-9. Clinical trial registration
The journal adheres to the International Committeeof Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) policy on Clinical
Trials Registration, which recommends that all clinical
trials are registered in a public trials registry at or before
the time of first patient enrollment as a condition of consideration for publication. Manuscripts describing clinical trials must include the registration number of the trial
and the name of the trial registry.
3-10. Reporting guidelines for clinical research
The journal requires authors to follow the EQUATOR
Network’s Reporting Guidelines for health research.
Study types include, but are not limited to, randomized
trials, observational studies, systematic reviews, casereports, qualitative research, diagnostic and prognostic
studies, economic evaluations, animal pre-clinical studies and study protocols.
3-11. Author competing interests and conflicts ofinterest
Hort. J. requires all authors to disclose any competingor conflicts of interest. A conflict of interest exists when
there are actual, perceived or potential circumstances that
could influence an author’s ability to conduct or reportresearch impartially. Examples of potential conflicts ofinterest include financial association or relationship with3
a company in the form of employment, consultancy,
stock ownership, board membership, or grants or otherfunding. The existence of a conflict of interest does notpreclude manuscript submission and publication in Hort.
J. However, the corresponding author must declare, on
behalf of all the authors, whether or not a conflict ofinterest exists in the footnotes or Acknowledgements
section of the manuscript. Upon publication, the Editorin-Chief shall request the authors to state the source andnature of the conflict. If there are no competing interests,
the authors shall state “No conflicts of interest declared”
in the footnote.
Authors should list all funding sources for their workin the Acknowledgements section.
3-12. Confidentiality
The journal maintains the confidentiality of all unpublished manuscripts. By submitting their manuscript to thejournal, the authors warrant that they will keep all correspondence about their manuscript (from the Editorial
Office, editors and reviewers) strictly confidential.
3-13. Self-archiving (Green Open Access) policy
Self-archiving, also known as Green Open Access,enables authors to deposit a copy of their manuscript inan online repository. The journal encourages authors oforiginal research manuscripts to upload their article to an
institutional or public repository immediately after publication in the journal.
3-14. Long-term digital archiving
J-STAGE preserves its full digital library, including
Hort. J., with Portico in a dark archive (see https://www.
portico.org/publishers/jstage/). In the event that thematerial becomes unavailable at J-STAGE, it will be
released and made available by Portico.

4. Peer Review Process

A journal manuscript number will be assigned to eachnew manuscript. Always refer to the journal manuscript
number in all correspondence about the manuscript andproofs. The acceptance of manuscripts for publication in
the Journal is based on the review process undertakenby the Editorial Board. The author(s) will usually berequested to undertake revisions after peer review, andfinal acceptance may depend on the extent and natureof the revisions. A manuscript’s acceptance will be cancelled if it is not returned within one month of the noticefor revision. If the manuscript is not returned within twomonths, the manuscript will be considered withdrawn.
4-1. Editorial and peer review process
The journal uses single-blind peer review. When amanuscript is submitted to the journal, it is assigned to
the Editor-in-Chief and Senior Editor, who perform initial screening. Manuscripts that do not fit the journal’s

aims and scope are rejected without review. The remaining manuscripts are assigned to a handling Editor who
undertakes an initial assessment and, where relevant,assigns two or more reviewers to assess each manuscript. Reviewers are selected based on their expertise,
reputation and previous experience as peer reviewers.
The deadline for submission of the reviewers’ reports
varies by article type.
Upon receipt of the reviewers’ reports, the Editor
makes the first decision on the manuscript. If the decision
is to request revision of the manuscript, authors have one
month to resubmit their revised manuscript. The Editor
may send revised manuscripts to peer reviewers for their
feedback or may use his or her own judgement to assess
how closely the authors have followed the Editor’s andthe reviewers’ comments on the original manuscript.
The Editor then makes a recommendation to the
Editor-in-Chief on the manuscript’s suitability for publication. The Editor-in-Chief is responsible for making thefinal decision on each manuscript.
The members of the Editorial Board act in advisory
roles, providing feedback as reviewers and making
suggestions to improve the journal. In cases where the
Editor-in-Chief is an author on a manuscript submitted
to the journal, a member of the Editorial Board is responsible for making the final decision on the manuscript’s
suitability for publication.
4-2. Reviewer selection, timing and suggestions
Reviewers are selected without regard to geography and need not belong to Hort. J.’s Editorial Board.
Reviewers are selected based on their expertise in thefield, reputation, recommendation by others, and/or previous experience as peer reviewers for the journal.
Reviewers are asked to submit their first review within
3 weeks of accepting the invitation to review. Reviewers
who anticipate any delays are asked to inform the
Editorial Office.
When submitting a manuscript to the journal, authors
may suggest reviewers that they would like included inor excluded from the peer review process. The Editor
may consider these suggestions but is under no obligation to follow them. The selection, invitation and assignment of peer reviewers is at the Editor’s sole discretion.
4-3. Reviewer reports
It is the journal’s policy to transmit reviewers’ comments to the authors in their original form. However, thejournal reserves the right to edit reviewers’ comments,
without consulting the reviewers, if they contain offensive language, confidential information or recommendations for publication.
4-4. Acceptance criteria
If a manuscript satisfies the journal’s requirements
and represents a significant contribution to the publishedliterature, the Editor may recommend acceptance for4publication in the journal.
Articles in Hort. J. must be:･ novel and original･ aligned with the journal’s scope･ descriptions of technically rigorous research･ appropriately structured and of high English quality･ important additions to the field･ of high interest to the journal’s audience
If a manuscript does not meet the journal’s requirements for acceptance or revision, the Editor may recommend rejection.
4-5. Editorial independence
As the publisher of the journal, the JSHS has granted
the journal’s Editorial Board complete and sole responsibility for all editorial decisions. The society will not
become involved in editorial decisions, except in casesof a fundamental breakdown of process.
Editorial decisions are based only on a manuscript’s
scientific merit and are kept completely separate fromthe journal’s other interests. The authors’ ability to pay
any publication charges has no bearing on whether amanuscript is accepted for publication in the journal.
4-6. Appeals
Authors who believe that an editorial decision
has been made in error may lodge an appeal with the
Editorial Office. Appeals are only considered if theauthors provide detailed evidence of a misunderstandingor mistake by a reviewer or editor. Appeals are considered carefully by the Editor-in-Chief, whose decision is
final. The guidelines of the Committee on Publication
Ethics (COPE) are followed where and when relevant.
4-7. Confidentiality in peer review
The journal maintains the confidentiality of all unpublished manuscripts. Editors and reviewers will not:1. disclose a reviewer’s identity unless the reviewer
makes a reasonable request for such disclosure
2. discuss the manuscript or its contents with anyone
not directly involved with the manuscript or its peer
review
3. use any data or information from the manuscript intheir own work or publications
4. use information obtained from the peer review
process to provide an advantage to themselves oranyone else, or to disadvantage any individual ororganization.
In addition, reviewers will not reveal their identity to
any of the authors of the manuscript or involve anyone
else in the review (for example, a post-doc or PhD student) without first requesting permission from the Editor.
4-8. Conflicts of interest in peer review
A conflict of interest exists when there are actual, perceived or potential circumstances that could influencean editor’s ability to act impartially when assessing amanuscript. Such circumstances might include having
a personal or professional relationship with an author,
working on the same topic or in direct competition with
an author, having a financial stake in the work or its publication, or having seen previous versions of the manuscript.
Members of the journal’s Editorial Board and reviewers undertake or are asked to declare any conflictsof interest when handling manuscripts. An editor orreviewer who declares a conflict of interest is unassigned
from the manuscript in question and is replaced by a new
editor or reviewer.
Editors try to avoid conflicts of interest when inviting
reviewers, but it is not always possible to identify potential bias.
4-9. Errata, corrigenda and retractions
The journal recognizes the importance of maintaining
the integrity of published literature.
A published article that contains an error may be corrected through the publication of an Erratum. Errata andCorrigenda describe errors that significantly affect thescientific integrity of a publication, the reputation of theauthors, or the journal itself. Authors who wish to correcta published article should contact the editor who handled
their manuscript or the Editorial Office with full detailsof the error(s) and their requested changes. In cases
where co-authors disagree over a correction, the Editorin-Chief may consult the Editorial Board or external peer
reviewers for advice. If a correction is published, any
dissenting authors will be noted in the text.
A published article that contains invalid or unreliable
results or conclusions, has been published elsewhere,or has infringed codes of conduct (covering research or
publication ethics) may be retracted. Individuals whobelieve that a published article should be retracted areencouraged to contact the journal’s Editorial Officewith full details of their concerns. The Editor-in-Chief
will investigate further and contact the authors of the
published article for their response. In cases where coauthors disagree over a retraction, the Editor-in-Chief
may consult the Editorial Board or external peer reviewers for advice. If a Retraction is published, any dissenting authors will be noted in the text.
The decision to publish Errata or Retractions is madeat the sole discretion of the Editor-in-Chief.
4-10. Editors as authors in the journal
Any member of the journal’s Editorial Board, including the Editor-in-Chief, who is an author on a submitted
manuscript is excluded from the peer review process.
Within the journal’s online manuscript submission andtracking system, they will be able to see their manuscript
as an author but not as an editor, thereby maintaining theconfidentiality of peer review.
A manuscript authored by an editor of the journal issubject to the same high standards of peer review and5editorial decision making as any manuscript consideredby the journal.
4-11. Responding to potential ethical breaches
The journal will respond to allegations of ethicalbreaches by following its own policies and, where possible, the guidelines of COPE.

5. Copyright, Open Access and Fees

Articles published in the journal submitted on or after
April 15, 2023 are fully Open Access and use a Creative
Commons (CC) license. These licenses allow for users toreuse and build upon the material published in the journal without charge or the need to ask prior permission
from the publisher or author.
Published articles submitted to the journal for review
before April 15, 2023 are freely available from the journal website under the stated copyright provisions oneach article.
5-1. Copyright and licensing
The JSHS requires authors to assign the copyright of
all Reviews and Articles published in the Journal to the
JSHS. Articles are made Open Access under a Creative
Commons BY-NC or CC BY license, as detailed
below, and made freely available online at the journal’s
J-STAGE webpage.
Authors can choose the Creative Commons license
CC BY-NC 4.0 (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0
International). This license allows users to share andadapt an article, non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given.
If authors are required to comply with their funding
body’s relevant policies, they can apply to the JSHS for
the CC BY 4.0 (Attribution 4.0 International) license to
be applied to their accepted article.
5-2. Publication Fees
The summary of fees in the journal is presented below:
Articles (up to 6 pages): JPY 10,000
More than 6 pages: JPY 13,000 per excess page
Reviews (up to 7 pages): JPY 10,000
More than 7 pages: JPY 13,000 per excess page
Proofreading fee: JPY 10,000
Color printing fee: JPY 75,000 per page
Authors must pay the relevant publication fee and,if color printing is desired, a color printing fee. These
fees must be remitted without delay at the request of theManaging Accountant of the JSHS. No fees are charged
for Reviews solicited by the Editorial Board.
Color figures appear in online articles free of charge.
Authors must request this service and submit the relevant files upon acceptance of their manuscript.
5-3. Reprints
Reprints can be purchased upon request. The fees forthe reprints and their covers must be also defrayed without delay at the request of the Managing Accountant of
the JSHS. If the relevant charges are not remitted, theacceptance and publication of the manuscript will becancelled.

6. Manuscript Submission

All manuscripts must be submitted via the journal’s
online submission system, Editorial Manager: https://www.editorialmanager.com/jjshs/default.aspx.
The
original or revised manuscript text may be uploaded asa Microsoft Word file. Figures may be submitted separately in several other formats.
If you encounter any problems with online submission, please contact the Editorial Office at the details
provided in the Contact section.

7. Manuscript Preparation
7-1. Format and Style
Manuscripts should be prepared in MS-Word orequivalent. Text should be 25 lines per sheet and linenumbered, every five lines, in the left margin. Only 12
point “Times New Roman” and “Symbol” fonts should
be used for text.
Manuscripts should, in general, be arranged in thefollowing order: 1) Title page containing Title, author
name(s) and affiliation(s), mailing address of corresponding author(s), 2) Abstract, 3) Key Words, 4) Maintext (Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results,
Discussion, or Results and Discussion), 5) Literature
Cited, 6) Tables and Figures, 7) Abstract in Japanese,
author name(s), and affiliation(s) (if Japanese authors areincluded). 8) Supplementary Material (if any). Place the
Acknowledgements after the Discussion.
Use italics in the by-line addresses, in secondary
headings and for scientific names of organisms. Use bold
letters for main headings. Literal quotations and words
giving a special meaning should be enclosed with double
quotes.
Figure legends should be typed on a separate andnumbered sheet and be placed immediately following
any tables.
Arabic numerals should be used in all cases except the
beginning of sentences. For technical terms, refer to the
Horticultural Terminology manual edited by the JSHS.
In principle, Romanized Japanese in the Hepburn styleshould be used.
7-2. English standards
Manuscripts should be written in clear, grammaticallycorrect English. Authors who are not fluent in English
are strongly encouraged to have their manuscript
checked by a fluent English speaker or by an editing service prior to submission. If a manuscript is not clear due

6
to poor English, it may be rejected without undergoingpeer review.
7-3. Cover LetterA cover letter must be included which includes thetitle of the manuscript and the contact details of the corresponding author. Authors should summarize the aims
and outcomes of their work and how and why the work is
appropriate for publication. Details of any relevant consent and/or ethics approvals, and other such items must
be included in the cover letter.
7-4. Title page
Manuscript title, author name(s), affiliation(s), andmailing address(es) should be typed on the first page ofthe manuscript.
The date when received for publication, identifications of the paper as part of serial numbers, or part of an
institution’s Journal series, sponsorship by any fund, orpresentation of the paper at the Annual Meeting of the
JSHS should be indicated in footnotes on the title page.
Indicate the corresponding author with superscript of *and state as “* Corresponding author (E-mail: xxxxx@
yyy.zz).” in a footnote. If an author(s)’s institution(s)change, indicate with a superscript of ** and state the
new institution in footnote on the title page.
7-5. Title
The title should describe the content of the article
briefly but clearly and is important for search purposesby third-party services. Do not use the same main title
with numbered minor titles, even for a series of papers
by the same authors. Do not use abbreviations in the title,
except those used generally in related fields. Capitalize
the first letter of all words except articles, prepositions,and conjunctions.

sequently: e.g., 2-(3-chlorophenoxy) propionic acid
(3-CP), phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), thin layer
chromatograph (TLC).
7-9. Units
SI or SI-derived units should be used. More information on SI units is available at the Bureau Internationaldes Poids et Mesures (BIPM) website. Other units,
which can be used where justified include:
Length:m, km, cm, mm, μm, nm
Area:
m2, km2, cm2, mm2, a, ha
Volume:m3, cm3, mm3, L, mL, μL, nL, pL
Time:s, min, h, day(s), week(s), month(s),year(s)Frequency:
Hz, rpm
Mass:
kg, g, mg, μg, ng, pg, t
Pressure:
Pa, N·m−2, bar, mbar, atm, mmHg (onlyfor blood pressure), Torr (only for pressure in vivo), pF
Temperature: K, °C
Work, Calory: J, cal (only for nutritive and metabolic
value)
Electricity:
A, mA; V, mV; Ω; W, kW, mW
Light:
cd; μmol·m−2·s−1; lx, klx; lm
Molar concentration: mol, mmol; mol·L−1 = M, mM, μM;
N (normal)
Radioactivity: Bq, Ci; Gy, rad; R
Miscellaneous: × g, pH, cpm, %, ppm, ppb
Always use abbreviations for standard units as gram(g), milligram (mg), centimeter (cm) and hectare (ha).
That is, avoid using abbreviations without any information. However, in tables and figures, standard abbreviations may be used, if necessary, for format considerations,in addition to those for standard units: e.g., no., wt, ht,
conc, FW, DW, vol.

7-7. Footnotes
Footnotes, if any, should be typed either in the title
page or in a separate sheet (the second page of the manuscript).

7-10. Abstract and key words
The Abstract should clearly express the basic content
of the paper in a single paragraph and should include
the problem addressed, experimental approach, main
results and findings, and conclusions. Abstracts must notexceed 350 words for all article types. Avoid using specific abbreviations. For authors not based in Japan, only
an Abstract in English is required. For authors based inJapan, please supply an Abstract in Japanese and English.
Up to five key words, not already used in the title,
should be also included after the abstract and arrangedalphabetically.

7-8. Abbreviations
Each abbreviation should be defined in parentheses together with its non-abbreviated term when it first
appears in the text (except in the Title and Abstract).
Organic chemicals, enzymes, standard procedures, andother cases, which are abbreviated for the reader’sconvenience, should always be named first in full, withparenthetical reference to the abbreviation used sub-7-11. Text
Headings
Center and capitalize the first letter of each word in
the main headings of the paper and type in bold letters:e.g., Introduction, Materials and Methods. Variationsof these subheadings may be used. Place secondary
headings in italics, if necessary, at the beginning of aparagraph with the first letter of the first word capital-

7-6. Authors
Author details should include the name(s) of theauthor(s) on one line and a concise mailing address initalics below. When multiple authors are from separate
institutions, indicate their respective addresses separately with superscript numbers.

7ized. If they are numbered, the arrangement should be in
the following order: 1., 2., 3., ...; 1), 2), 3), ...; (1), (2),(3), ...; i), ii), iii), ....
7-12. Name of commercial products and fertilizers
Use of trade or brand names is not desirable in scientific literature and it should be avoided, especially inthe title. When use is unavoidable, the active ingredient,chemical formula, purity, diluent or solvent, etc. should
be stated clearly in parentheses. The first letter of tradeor brand names should be capitalized.
The preceding clause applies also to the names ofcommercial fertilizers. When giving the amount of mineral nutrients, state clearly whether they are expressed interms of the nutrient elements or their oxides.
7-13. Nomenclature
The scientific name of the genus, species, and subspecies should be given in italics with the authority in romanletters and, if necessary, the cultivar name(s)—e.g.
Diospyros kaki Thunb. ‘Fuyu’—the first time a species
is mentioned in the paper. The scientific names of the
major organisms in the paper should be listed in the title
or abstract. If the authority is listed in the title or abstract,
it can be dispensed with thereafter. Common names ofwell-known crops (apple, tomato, rose, etc.) can be usedin titles. Cultivar name(s) should be enclosed by single
quotes unless they appear in the body of a table or a figure. Cultivar names should be always capitalized. For
the scientific and common names of the horticultural
crops, refer to the List of Horticultural Crops edited by
the JSHS.
7-14. Acknowledgements
This section should be brief. Authors should list all
funding sources for their work in the Acknowledgements
section.
7-15. Literature Cited
The journal uses a modified Harvard reference style.
All publications cited in the paper should be listed in the
Literature Cited section. They should be listed alphabetically with the author name(s), and then chronologically
per author. Use the full article titles, author name(s),names of periodicals etc., even if they appear in the successive papers.
Any manuscripts accepted for publication should belisted in Literature Cited as (In press). Names of periodicals, etc. should be abbreviated as commonly acceptedabbreviation. In book titles, only the first letter of the firstword should be capitalized except for proper nouns. The
issue number of the Journal is not necessary if pagination is continuous within each volume.
Unpublished references should be indicated parenthetically in the paper as (unpublished), (unpublished data),or (personal communication). The citation of onlineonly journals or other online-only literature is limited

to cases where the cited material does not have a printversion, but does have an ISSN, DOI, or ISBN. Citationof web pages should be limited to those with permanentand persistent URLs or identifiers. Online-only journals
literature should be listed in the Literature Cited section,but other internet page should only be listed in the text,
e.g., (Clarivate Analytics ISI Web of Science, https://www.***.**/, April 11, 2022).
Citations in the text should be ordered alphabetically.
Single- or double-authored items should list the authornames, e.g., (Kataoka, 2007; Kataoka and Takamura,2004); items with more than three authors include thefirst author’s surname and ‘et al’, e.g., (Kataoka et al.,
1988, 1991; Yoshida et al., 1998a, b).
Examples of citations in the Literature Cited section
are below:
Periodicals
Forshey, C. G., R. W. Weires, B. H. Stanley and R. C.
Seem. 1983. Dry weight partitioning of ‘McIntosh’apple trees. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 108: 149–154.
Nishizawa, T., H. Toya, Y. Kondo and Y. Shishido. 2004.
Effect of alkalized organic waste application in bed
soil on growth, flesh firmness and calcium concentration in the plant and soil of ‘Prince’ melon. Hort.
Res. (Japan) 3: 39–44 (In Japanese with English
abstract).
Yoshida, M. 2002. White peach, Suimitsuto of
Okayama. Agric. Hortic. (Noko-to-Engei) 57: 210(In Japanese).
Kikuti, K. and E. Taira. 2009. Relationship between nearinfrared rays (NIR) evaluation and sensory evaluation in mango fruit. Agric. Hortic. (Nogyo-oyobiEngei) 84: 614–623 (In Japanese).
Books
Grey-Wilson, C. 2003. Cyclamen. B T Batsford, London.
Hara, N. 1994. Shokubutsukeitaigaku (In Japanese).
Asakurashoten, Tokyo.
Book chapters or multi-author books
Brown, G. E. 1980. Fruit handling and decay control
techniques affecting quality. p. 193–224. In: S.
Nagy and J. A. Attaway (eds.). Citrus nutrition andquality. ACS Symp. Series 143. ACS, Washington,
D.C.
ThesesKraut, C. W. 1974. A study of the nutritional composition of selected carrot varieties. Ph.D. Thesis. Mich.
State Univ., East Lansing.
Bulletins
Jenes, J. G., R. J. Constantin and T. P. Hernandes. 1979.
The response of sweet potatoes to fertilizer phosphorus and potassium as related to levels of theirelements available in the soil. La. Agr. Expt. Sta.
Bull. 722.
Abstracts
Nesmith, A. C. and W. M. Dowler. 1973. Cold hardinessof peach trees as affected by certain cultural practices. HortScience 8: 267 (Abstr.).

8
Shishido, Y. and Y. Hori. 1978. Retranslocation of
14C-assimilates once translocated into the roots.
Abstr. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. Autumn Meet.: 248–
249 (In Japanese).
Yoshida, T. 1991. Inheritance of immunity of citrus
tristeza virus in citrus. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 60(Suppl. 2): 2–3 (In Japanese).
Yamanaka, M., T. Goto and M. Higashimura. 2010.
Relationship between hang down angle and bending load of cut flower stem in carnation. Hort. Res.
(Japan) 9 (Suppl. 1): 442 (In Japanese).
Patents
Yamazaki, T., S. Murase, K. Suzuki and M. Iwatsuki.
1986. Flower-thinning agent for fruit trees. UnitedStates Patent 4613359.
Online-only journals
Tanaka, A. and B. Suzuki. 2006. ADH gene expressions
during apple fruit development. Apple Res. 2006CF-20. DOI: 10.1029/2005GL024961.
7-16. Tables and Figures
Tables and figures (including photographs) should belabeled and numbered separately with Arabic numerals
according to the sequence in which they are cited. The
first letter of the titles, legends, column and row headings, and explanations should be capitalized. The titles,
legends and explanations should be terminated with aperiod. The same data should not be displayed in bothtables and figures. Place tables, figures, and photographs
separately in order after Literature Cited.
The title of each table should be brief and selfexplanatory such that independent reference to the text
is unnecessary. Information to legends in figures shouldbe also clear and concise. Place the title above the bodyof the table. Avoid the use of vertical lines to separate
columns, and also minimize the use of horizontal lines.
Column and row headings, with footnotes, should be
self-explanatory. Use lower case letters at the end of thealphabet (z, y, x, ...) in superscription to identify tabularfootnotes. However, do not use the superscript of letters in figures, and spell out the abbreviation(s) in thelegend of the Figure to explain. Use lower case lettersat the beginning of the alphabet (a, b, c, ...) or asterisks (*), with explanatory footnotes, to indicate statistical significance at the 5% level and capitals or ** forsignificance at the 1% level. P (probability) and R2(coefficient of determination) should be uppercase anditalic, and r (sample coefficient of linear correlation)
should be lowercase and italic. “Standard deviation ofa sample”, “standard error of the mean of a sample”,
and “not statistically significant” should be denoted by
SD, SE, and NS, respectively.

Figures in digital files can be used as originals for publication. Figures in digital files prepared with Microsoft
and Adobe software are acceptable as well as those in
PDF and EPS formats (font embedding, high resolution).
Resolution required is at least 360 dpi in photographs or
1200 dpi in other figures.
7-17. Supplementary material
Supplementary material adds, but is not essential, toa reader’s understanding of a manuscript. Authors areencouraged to submit supplementary material for onlineonly publication. Only one file in PDF or ZIP format is
acceptable. Supplemental figures and tables must be
numbered as Fig. S1, S2, ... and Table S1, S2, ... in the
manuscript. Supplemental materials shall be subject toexamination. The maximum file size is 50 MB. Please
note that all supplemental materials are not copy-editedor typeset and appear online in their submitted form.
Therefore, authors should ensure that the proper style,terms, units, etc. are used in supplementary materials.

8. Accepted Manuscripts

After acceptance for publication, the manuscript
is proofread by an English editor and returned to theauthor(s). After author checks of the suggested changes,
the final version of the manuscript should be submitted
to the Editorial Office through Editorial Manager.
8-1. Proofs
The first galley proof will be sent to the corresponding
author. The galley should be proof-read carefully, corrected if necessary, and returned via Editorial Manager
immediately upon receipt. Corrections must be limited totypographical errors, and alterations to the text or Tables
and Figures are not permitted. The corrected proof will
be published online as an Advance Online Publication
until the final, copy-edited article is published online.
8-2. Reprints
Order forms for reprints are sent with the proofs tothe corresponding author and should be returned with theproofs.

9. Contact

To contact the Editorial Office or the Editor-in-Chief,please write to:
Email: hortj(at)jshs.jp
Updated: 15 April 2023