目次

Table of Contents

1．はじめに …………………………………………… 2

1．Introduction……………………………………………3

2．大型事故傾向 …………………………………… 12

2．Large Claims Trends …………………………… 13

2 - 1.

船員クレーム …………………………… 20

2 - 2.

貨物損害 ………………………………… 26

2 - 3.

衝突 ……………………………………… 28

2 - 4.

座礁 ……………………………………… 30

2 - 5.

火災 ……………………………………… 32

2 - 6.

港湾設備・漁業施設損傷 ……………… 32

2 - 7.

油濁事故 ………………………………… 34

2 - 1.

Crew Claims ……………………………… 21

2 - 2.

Cargo Damages ………………………… 27

2 - 3.

Collisions ………………………………… 29

2 - 4.

Groundings ……………………………… 31

2 - 5.

Fires ……………………………………… 33

2 - 6.

Damage to Harbor Facilities and Fishing2 - 7.

Oil Spills ………………………………… 35

Facilities…………………………………… 33

3．Large Claims Cause Analysis and Countermeasures
3．大型事故原因分析と再発防止対策 …………… 38
3 - 1.

乗組員関係 ……………………………… 38

3 - 2.

……………………………………………… 39
3 - 1.

Crew Claims…………………………… 39

貨物損害 ………………………………… 42

3 - 2.

Cargo Damages ………………………… 43

3 - 3.

衝突 ……………………………………… 44

3 - 3.

Collisions ………………………………… 45

3 - 4.

座礁 ……………………………………… 50

3 - 4.

Groundings ……………………………… 51

3 - 5.

火災 ……………………………………… 54

3 - 5.

Fires ……………………………………… 55

3 - 6.

Damage to Harbor Facilities and Fishing3 - 6.

港湾設備・漁業施設損傷 ……………… 56

3 - 7.

油濁 ……………………………………… 60

Facilities…………………………………… 57
3 - 7.

Oil Spills ………………………………… 61

4. 事故例紹介 ……………………………………… 64

4．Case Studies ……………………………………… 65

4 - 1.

船員クレーム …………………………… 64

4 - 1.

4 - 2.

貨物損害 ………………………………… 70

Crew Claims ……………………………… 65

4 - 2.

Cargo Damages ………………………… 71

4 - 3.

Collisions ………………………………… 79

4 - 4.

Groundings ……………………………… 83

4 - 5.

Damage to Harbor Facilities and Fishing4 - 3.

衝突 ……………………………………… 78

4 - 4.

座礁 ……………………………………… 82

4 - 5.

港湾設備・漁業施設損傷 ……………… 86

Facilities…………………………………… 87

5．おわりに ………………………………………… 90

5．Conclusion ………………………………………… 91−1−tion
1 Introduction
As ships have grown larger in recent years, maritime accidents, such as damage to Harbor facilities, collisions, and groundings, have also become larger and more expensive. As you know, there have been unprecedentedly catastrophic accidents
recently, such as the grounding and sinking of large passenger ships, the driving of large passenger ships onto coral reefs,collisions between large ships, and the like.
In this paper, we analyze the trends and causes of large claims handled by our Club over the seven year span between 2007
Policy year (hereafter referred to as “PY”) and 2013PY, and present countermeasures which can be used to reduce theincidence of these accidents. Large claims involve multiple stakeholders, so it requires a significant amount of time to resolve
them. This is why some of the large claims which have occurred recently are not included in this analysis. It is therefore
important to note when comparing insurance compensation amounts that this analysis does not necessary reflect the mostcurrent trends.
Trends over the last seven years for ocean-going vessels and coastal vessels are described below.

Ocean-goingvessels

Graphs 1 and 2 show, for each PY, the total number of ocean-going vessel accidents between
2007PY and 2013PY, and total insurance claim pay-outs and forecast insurance claim pay-outs(hereafter referred to as "insurance money"). Insurance money of $100 thousand or more arepositioned as "large claims ", and are indicated in yellow on the graphs.

Over the seven year period from 2007PY to 2013PY there were 25,071 ocean-going vessel accidents and approximately$1,076,377 thousand in insurance money. Of these, 1,208 were large claims, accounting for $869,339 thousand in insurancemoney. As Graph 3 shows, the number of accidents has tailed off since the peak in 2010PY, and in 2013PY there were 3,070
accidents. In 2013PY the number of large claims had fallen to 118. The accident rate (number of accidents ÷ number of entered
vessels at the start of the PY) was 1.50 in 2010PY, but fell to 1.28 by 2013PY, a decrease of approximately 15%. It is possible toconclude that when there is a high number of accidents, many vessel owners create and implement accident countermeasures, sothese falls indicate that these countermeasures have been successful, but by that same token if those countermeasures become
pro forma, it will result in increased accident rates. One cannot allow oneself to be lured into complacency by the fact that accident rates and the numbers of accidents are falling. On the contrary, accident countermeasures must be vigilantly maintained.
The number of large claims fell to 118 in 2013PY, but actual insurance moneys varied significantly by accident. The simple
mean payout over the seven year period was $153,768 thousand but most of that corresponded to large claims.

Numbers of Ocean-Going Vessel Accidents

5,000

4,000

3,000

3,461

3,863

3,779

3,668

3,597

Total：25,071

4,056
3,868

3,522
3,318

3,300

3,320
3,160

3,070
2,952

2,000

1,000

0161

195

182

188

204160

118

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Non-large claims

Large claims(Unit: 1 claim)[Graph 1. Numbers of Ocean-Going Vessel Accidents between 2007PY and 2013PY]−3−

Ocean-Going Vessel Insurance Money200,000

Total: $1,076,377 thou.

191,697

175,000

161,904

163,184

150,000

27,77730,627

34,057

173,340
31,074
131,673

125,000

114,249

100,000

32,370140,33122,85228,28275,00050,000134,127

132,557

81,879157,640

142,266

103,391

117,479

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

25,0000Non-large claims

Large claims(Unit: $1,000）[Graph 2. Ocean-Going Vessel Insurance Money between 2007PY and 2013PY]

Numbers of Ocean-Going Vessel Accidents,Policy-Holding Vessels, and Accident Rates
ClaimsClaims・Vessels

4,500

1.5
1.50

1.49

4,000
3,500
3,000

1.42

1.4

2,500

1.38

1.38

1.36

2,000
1,500

1.3

1,000
500
0

1.28
2,437
2,596
2,737
2,699
2,558
2,449
2,399
3,461
3,863
3,779
4,056
3,522
3,320
3,070
2007

2008

Number of Accidents

2009

2010

Number of Entered Vessel

2011

2012

2013

1.2Accidents Rates per Entered Vessel[Graph 3．Numbers of Ocean-Going Vessel Accidents, Entered Vessels, and Accident Rates perentered vessel between 2007PY and 2013PY]−5−

Looking at the percentage of ocean-going vessel accidents and insurance money corresponding to large claims, while
there were only 1,208 large claims (roughly 5% of the total number of accidents), these accounted for $869,338
thousand in insurance money (roughly 81%).

Percentage of Ocean-Going Vessel Accidents

Percentage of Ocean-Going Vessel Insurance Money

5%

19%

1,208

$207,038 thou.

TotalTotal$1,076,376
thou.

25,071

Non-large claims95%

81%

23,863$869,338 thou.

Non-large claims

Large claims

Large claims[Graph 4．Percentage of Ocean-Going Vessel Accidents and Insurance Money Corresponding toLarge Claims between 2007PY and 2013PY]

Coastalvessels

Below is an overview of the trends for coastal vessels. As with ocean-going vessels,
Graphs 5 and 6 show, for each PY, the total number of coastal vessel accidents between 2007PY and 2013PY, and total insurance money. Accidents involving coastal
vessels with insurance money of ¥10 million or more are positioned as large claims,and are indicated in yellow on the graphs.

There were 1,964 coastal vessel accidents over the past seven years, with insurance money of approximately ¥16,602
million. Of these, 243 accidents were large claims, with insurance money of ¥14,363 million. The highest numberof coastal vessel accidents was 361, in 2007PY (49 of which were large claims). This number has been falling sincethen, but, as with ocean-going vessels, accident rates have been rising since 2009PY. As discussed earlier, this may be
because accident prevention measures are becoming routine and pro-forma. As with ocean-going vessels, insurancemoney for coastal vessel accidents vary significantly by the type of individual accident, but were particularly high in2009PY, at ¥4,517 million. In other PY payments were between ¥1,200 million and ¥3,100 million, the majority ofwhich were for large claims. It can be said that insurance money have also been falling since 2009PY. However, looking at the number of coastal vessel accidents and the percentage of insurance money corresponding to large claims, as
shown in Graph 8 below, while there were only 243 large claims (roughly 13% of the total number of accidents), theseaccounted for ¥14,363 million in insurance money (roughly 87%).

−7−

Numbers of Coastal Vessel Accidents
400

Total: 1,964

361

350

328

300

271

269

250

256

236

243

212

222

236

24

21202011

2012

200
150

312

280

232

227

49

48

39422009

2010

100
5002007

2008

2013

(Unit：1Claim)
Large claims

Non-large claims[Graph 5．Numbers of Coastal Vessel Accidents between 2007PY and 2013PY]

Coastal Vessel Insurance Money5,000

4,517
351

4,500

Total：¥16,602 million

4,000
3,500
3,000
2,500

2,529
430

2,000
1,500
1,000

2,099

3,141
254
2,261
406
1,855

4,166

2,887

500
02007

2008

2009

2010

1,204
266

1,598
283

938

1,315

2011

2012

1,352
249
1,103
2013
(Unit: Million yen)

Non-large claims

Large claims[Graph 6．Coastal Vessel Insurance Money between 2007PY and 2013PY]−9−

Numbers of Coastal Vessel Accidents, Policy-Holding Vessels, and Accident Rates
Claims・Vessels

Claims

0.12

4,000
3,500
0.110

3,000
2,500

0.097

2,0000.100
0.091
0.079

1,500
1,000
500
0

3,713

3,616

0.083

0.084

3,230

2,804

3,438

0.10

0.08

2,435

2,320361

328

271

269

236

243

256

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

0.06

0.04

Number of Entered Vessels

Number of Accidents

Accident Rates per Entered Vessel[Graph 7．Numbers of Coastal Vessel Accidents, Entered Vessels, and Accident Rates perentered vessel between 2007PY and 2013PY]

Percentage of Coastal Vessel
Accidents

Percentage of Coastal Vessel
Insurance Money

12 %

13%

243

￥2,239 million

TotalTotal

1,964￥16,602million

claims

88%

87%

1,721
Non-large claims￥14,363 million

Large claims

Non-large claims

Large claims[Graph 8．Percentage of Coastal Vessel Accidents and Insurance Money Corresponding toLarge Claims between 2007PY and 2013PY]

As shown above, while large claims account for only a small portion of all ocean-going vessel
and coastal vessel accidents, their impact on insurance money is extremely large. Decreasing theincidence of large claims, then would greatly improve insurance performance, creating a beneficialsituation for both our members and our club.

For reference, the ocean-going vessel Loss Ratio (insurance money ÷ insurance premiums, hereafter referred to as "L/R") over the past 7 years is 75.9%. This breaks down as 61.3% for large claims and 14.6% for non-large claims. Thismeans that 75.9% of the insurance premiums collected from our members were paid out as insurance money. 61.3%of the collected premiums were paid out for large claims. If the number of large claims were, for example, halved, theoverall L/R would fall to 45.2%. The coastal vessel L/R over the past 7 years is 89.4%. This breaks down as 77.3% forlarge claims and 12.1% for non-large claims. As with ocean-going vessels, if the number of large claims were halved,
the L/R would fall to 50.7%. This again shows the tremendous impact large claims have on insurance money, and theimportance of reducing the number of large claims.
− 11 −