Technical Workshop ‐Voice from Asia for Better Water Quality‐

State of wastewater
management in other
WEPA countries
Tetsuo Kuyama
Task Manager (Water Resource Management)/NRE
Institute for Global Environment Strategies (IGES)

Technical Workshop ‐Voice from Asia for Better Water Quality‐

WEPA (Water Environment Partnership in Asia)

Knowledge Sharing for Solution Finding
Water Environmental
Management
Review(Industrial
WastewaterManagement)

Domestic
Wastewater
Treatment

Tetsuo Kuyama

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

ClimateChange andWater
Environment

17 May 2013 2nd Asia Pacific Water Summit2Technical Workshop ‐Voice from Asia for Better Water Quality‐

WEPA Partner Countries
WEPA consists of partners in

13 Asian countries

1. Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (Sri Lanka)
2. Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (Nepal)
3. Japan (Japan)
4. Kingdom of Cambodia (Cambodia)
5. Kingdom of Thailand (Thailand)
6. Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR)
7. Malaysia (Malaysia)
8. People's Republic of China (China)
9. Republic of Indonesia (Indonesia)
10. Republic of Korea (Republic of Korea)
11. Republic of the Philippines (Philippines)
12. Socialist Republic of Viet Nam (Viet Nam)
13. Union of Myanmar (Myanmar)

Tetsuo Kuyama

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

17 May 2013 2nd Asia Pacific Water Summit

3Technical Workshop ‐Voice from Asia for Better Water Quality‐

Change of Water Use for Domestic and Industrial Purposeswater withdrawal (109 m3/year)
050

100

150

China(2005)
Indonesia(2005)
Japan(2000)
Philippines(2009)
Republic of Korea(2002)
Malaysia(2005)

Country(Year)

Thailand(2007)
Viet Nam(2005)
Myanmar(2000)
Sri Lanka(2005)
Laos(2003)
Nepal(2005)
Cambodia(2006)

200+ 2.9 %+ 5.8 %+ 0.5 %+ 3.9%
nd+ 5.3 %+ 2.5 %+ 1.4 %
+ 6.9 %
+ 5.1 %
+ 2.5 %
‐ 3.5 %
+ 4.0 %

Industrial

Municipal+ XX%, - XX%:
Annual change of waterwithdrawal

Source: FAO, AQUASTAT

Latest water withdrawal for domestic and Industrial purposes andannual change of water withdrawal in WEPA countries
Tetsuo Kuyama

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

17 May 2013 2nd Asia Pacific Water Summit

4Technical Workshop ‐Voice from Asia for Better Water Quality‐

Stakeholders for Wastewater Management• Governmental Sector (Central and Local)• Private Sector/Industrial Sector• Community• Individual person (house owner)

Tetsuo Kuyama

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

17 May 2013 2nd Asia Pacific Water Summit

5Technical Workshop ‐Voice from Asia for Better Water Quality‐

Methodology for Domestic Wastewater Treatment
Centralized
Treatment

Cluster
Treatment

On‐siteTreatment

Wastewatercollection andtreatment system for
more than two
communities(sewerage treatmentplant)

Wastewater collectionand treatment system
for two or morehouseholds but lessthan an entire
community (such ascommunity based
treatment plant)

Treatment system tocollect, treat anddischarge domestic
wastewater fromindividual households
without the use ofcommunity‐wide sewers

Tetsuo Kuyama

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp(such as septic tank,Johkasou)

17 May 2013 2nd Asia Pacific Water Summit

6Technical Workshop ‐Voice from Asia for Better Water Quality‐

Centralized Treatment Coverage in WEPA Countries

Sewerage Treatment
Coverage(Black Water and GreyWater)

80
60

Less than405%

20
Sri Lanka(2010)

Laos(2010)

Cambodia(2010)

Indonesia(2010)

Nepal(2010)

Myanmmer(2010)

Philippine(2010)

Vietnam(2010)

Thailand(2008)

Malaysia(2010)**China(2010)*Japan(2010)

0Korea(2009)

Sewerage Treatment Coverage （％）

100*Chinese data is only for urban area**Except in Saba h and Sawawak
provinceCountry(Year)

Service coverage ratio of sewerage treatment in WEPA countries
Tetsuo Kuyama

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

17 May 2013 2nd Asia Pacific Water Summit

7Technical Workshop ‐Voice from Asia for Better Water Quality‐
General Flow of Implementation/Enforcement for Industrial Wastewater Management
Environmental Awareness of companies/citizens

punishments
Laws, regulations and other legal document to regulate industrial wastewater(permission, registration, EIA, effluent standards, etc)

Application/Submissionforregistration

Approval

Monitoring
and report ofeffluent
quality＋＋Maintain/R
ecord theinfo.

Maintain/

Improvement
planCheck/verificationof report/
effluents

Inspection

record the info.

Maintain/record theinfo.

Guidance tocorrect non‐compliance

Action by
government
Action byindustrial sector

Complaints from local people

Action by citizens

Regulatory Authorities (Organization in charge of enforcement)
Tetsuo Kuyama

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

17 May 2013 2nd Asia Pacific Water Summit8Duplication of laws andregulations/no detail rules/ weakpunishment system against non‐complianceof industries/localpeople
Technical Workshop ‐Voice Low
fromawarenessAsia for Better
Water Quality‐

Registration,
permission ofeffluent
discharge, EIA

Capacity of person in charge inindustrial estates/economic zones is notalways enough to proceed the process

Weakcoordination
betweenagencies
different sector.

Insufficient number
and capacity of personin charge

Insufficient number of staff,
technical knowledge of staff,
facility to monitor

No standard/official
methods tomonitor/measure

No systematicrecording of theinfo.

No monitoring,no reporting

Application/submission

Monitoring
and reporting

Approval

Check/verification ofreport/effluent

Maintain orrecorded theinfo.

punishment

Improvement
plan

Guidance fornon‐compliance＋＋Difficult to know
all targetedindustries areregistered(esp. SMEs)

Weakpunishments

Maintain orrecord the info.

Maintain andrecord theinfo

Uncooperativene
ss of company
inspection

Not enough staff
Action by government

No systematic record
or database

Complaints from local
peopleAction by industries

Duplication of responsibility, weak
coordination, etc.

Regulatory Authorities (governments)
9Tetsuo Kuyama

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

17 May 2013 2nd Asia Pacific Water Summit

Technical Workshop ‐Voice from Asia for Better Water Quality‐
Major Issues identified through Review of Industrial Wastewater Management inWEPA countries• Lack of capacity of staff, equipment, andknowledge in order to implement legal procedure for industrial
wastewater management• Not enough baseline information about industrial
wastewater such as inventory data, data of industry subject toregulation, and data of wastewater quality for enforcement of legal
system to regulate industrial wastewater

Tetsuo Kuyama

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp17 May 2013 2nd Asia Pacific Water Summit

10Technical Workshop ‐Voice from Asia for Better Water Quality‐

Summary• Wastewater Management is important issue in most of Asian
counties but levels of implementation andenforcement are quite different among different Asian
countries.

• Different stakeholders such as governmental sector, privatesector, and community are involved in wastewater management.
• There is not enough baseline information about
wastewater especially in the countries with low implementationand enforcement of wastewater management in order to prepare
appropriate and feasible wastewater management plan.
Tetsuo Kuyama

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

17 May 2013 2nd Asia Pacific Water Summit

11Technical Workshop ‐Voice from Asia for Better Water Quality‐

Thank you for your participation

Tetsuo Kuyama

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp

17 May 2013 2nd Asia Pacific Water Summit

12