Country Report of JapanThe 20th FNCA Ministerial Level Meeting
December 5, 2019

Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Restarting the Nuclear Power Plants in Japan
Promoting the Innovation of Nuclear Technologies
Roundtable for Final Disposal of High‐level Radioactive Waste
Decommissioning of TEPCO’s Fukushima Daiichi NPS
Reconstruction and Regeneration of Fukushima
Formulation of Regional Emergency Preparedness and ResponsePlan
7. Crisis Management Organization in Nuclear Emergency
8. Promoting the utilization of radiation

11. Restarting the Nuclear Power Plants in Japan
Passed NRA Review

Restartedfor the Permission for Changes
in Reactor Installation

9 reactors
In Operation : 7 reactors
Suspended : 2 reactors(Date of Restart)

Tokyo EPCO
Kashiwazaki Kariwa

110３３54

121１３Hokuriku EPCO
Shika
JAPCTsuruga
Kansai EPCO
MihamaKansai EPCO
Ohi

２５６ reactors

110２８12 reactors(Date of Approval)

110２５

110２４

110２９136２２

136２１(2017.12.27)

Not yetAppliedUnder NRA
Review

9 reactors

Hokkaido EPCO 58
Tomari２９58

91

２８９36

PWR

13983

50

４２118118118２７110１３(2016.10.5)(2014.6.10)

118２６52

83

87

87

４４４３３４３３46

118２５３４３３

Suspended

8978

13756

89

AgeABWR

J-POWER
Ohma
Tokyo EPCO
Higashidori
Tohoku EPCO
Higashidori

83

２４１７Tohoku EPCO
Onagawa

7878

78

110

Tokyo EPCO
Fukushima Daiicih

110

110

110

110

Tokyo EPCO
Fukushima Daini(2017.6.6) (2017.5.17)

82

３０56

Capacity(10MkW)

２９83(2013.12.27)

Suspended

83

46110(2014.12.16)(2015.11.5)

34BWR

138116３２Tokyo EPCO has revealed a plan to consider decommissioning all the reactors at Fukushima Daini nuclear
plant(14th, Jun, 2018).

17118２１(2015.8.11) (2015.10.15)

110４０

JAPC
Tokai/Tokai Daini(2018.9.26)(2018.3.23) (2018.6.16)

Kyushu EPCO
Sendai24 reactors(2013.7.8)(2013.12.25) (2018.8.10)

Kyushu EPCO
Genkai

Decommission(2014.8.12)(2016.4.20)

Chugoku EPCO
Shimanealready
decided/predicted to(Date ofApplication)(2018.3.14) (2018.5.9)

Kansai EPCO
Takahama

As of 18th, November, 2019

Shikoku EPCO
Ikata

57

57

89２４(2016.8.12)

54

84

110３２

114２６138１４

Chubu EPCO
Hamaoka(2015.6.16) (2014.2.14)

22. Promoting the Innovation of Nuclear Technologies

Policy & Vision for R&D

Market-oriented technology selection

Private-sector-led
nuclear innovation

Funding support

R&D infrastructureInteraction withregulatory bodies

Human resource
development

33. Roundtable for Final Disposal of High-level Radioactive Waste
G20 KARUIZAWA Ministerial Meeting
Agreement:Launching “the International Roundtable for Final Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste”<Discussion issues>
1) Sharing the experience and knowledge on how to gain public understanding in each country2) Research cooperation and personnel exchange by using underground research facilities<Purpose of the roundtable>
1) To formulate “the basic strategy for intergovernmental cooperation in final disposal”
2) To collect “the best practices of public dialogue activities of participating countries”<The first roundtable>
Date: October 14, 2019
Place: Paris
Hosted by Japan in Cooperation with the OECD/NEA4

4. Decommissioning of TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi NPS (1)-Engineering Process◇ Fukushima Daiichi Decommissioning is a continuous risk reduction activity to protect
the people and the environment from the risks associated with radioactive substances by: Removing spent fuel and fuel debris from the Reactor Building Reducing the risks associated with contaminated water and radioactive waste◇ Safe and steady decommissioning is a prerequisite for reconstruction of Fukushima
Spent fuel(Spent fuel pool)

Fuel that remains after its usage for power generation.
Continuous cooling is needed to suppress the heat

Fuel Debris

Fuel that has melted and solidified by the accident.
Continuous cooling is needed to suppress the heatWater

Radioactive SolidWaste Management

Contaminated WaterManagement

Removing fuel fromthe Spent Fuel Pool

Units 1 and 2
Rubble removal

Unit 3
Installation of fuel removal
equipment

Unit 4
Fuel removal

Storage/Transportation

Units 1-3

Current
progress

Fuel debris
retrieval

Ascertaining of the situation inside the PCV/
consideration of fuel debris retrieval etc

Fuel debris retrieval

Disassembly ofreactor facility, etc

Consideration of
scenario andtechnologies

Storage/TransportationDesign and constructionof equipment

Dismantlingand othertasks

Extended to 30-40 years

54. Decommissioning of TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi NPS (2)1-1. Generation ofcontaminatedwater,
purification process-Measuresagainstthe Contaminated
Water- and tank storage◇ Water gets contaminated when it touches the damaged reactors and fuel debris inbuildings.
 The level of groundwater outside is controlled to be higher than that of contaminatedwater inside the buildings to prevent the water flowing out of the building.
Groundwater keeps flowing into the buildings◇ TEPCO has been successful in removing most of radionuclides except tritium fromcontaminated water.
 It isALPS
ALPS (Multi‐nuclide
treated water, NOT‐contaminatedwater,
storedequipmentin the tanks.have been used.
retrievalequipment)
andthattheisother Radioactive materials in ALPS treated water are reduced to about 1/1,000,000 (One millionth)
ALPS② Most of the nuclides
except tritium areremoved in this process.
ALPS‐treatedwater③ Treated water isstored in tanks.

Continuous injectionof cooling water① Contaminated water
is sent to purificationequipment such as ALPS.

Fuel Debris
Flow of groundwater

DamagedReactors
at FDNPS

Contaminated Water
Land-side Impermeable wall(frozen-soil wall)

Sub-drain

Sea-side
Impermeablewall

６5. Reconstruction and Regeneration of Fukushima (1)-Environment Radiation【Transition of air radiation dose rate】
The average air radiation dose rate of 1m from the ground within
80km from TEPCO’s Fukushima Daiichi NPS is decreased by approx.
77% since November 2011.

【Evacuation order cancellation status】
・The air radiation dose rate of major cities inFukushima Prefecture are almost the same level as
those of major overseas cities .
・At present, evacuation orders are given to
approximately 2.5% of areas in Fukushima Prefecture.
・People can live normally in other areas.

Decreased byapprox.
77% ※November 2011

October 2018

*This value is calculated from the ratio of the measurement results of the center point ofeach area, dividing the target area into 250m areas. If other comparison methods are used,
the reduction rate may be different.
Source: Adapted from “About measurement result of aircraft monitoring in Fukushima and neighboringprefectures” by Nuclear Regulation Authority

Click here for the latest data
http://radioactivity.nsr.go.jp/map/ja/

7

5. Reconstruction and Regeneration of Fukushima (2)-Food SafetyJapan has the strictest level of standards in the world for managing radioactive contamination of food. Foods exceeding the standards are
not allowed to be distributed.
Japan
Food Sanitation
Act
Derived intervention
levels(DIL) for radioactivecesium(unit Bq/kg)

Drinking water
Milk
Infant foods
General foods

Upper limit for radiation
dosage from food per year
Assumption on theproportion of food supply
that is contaminated withradiation per year

1050
50
100

Codex(CAC)ＥＵUSACODEX STAN
193-1995

Council Regulation

Guidance Levels for Radionuclides
in Domestic and Imported Foods(CPG7119.14)

Infant foods
General foods(Euratom)
2016/52

1,000
1,000

Drinking water
Milk
Infant foods
General foods

1,0001,000
400
1,250

Food
1,200

1mSv

1mSv

1mSv

5mSv

50%

10%

10%

30%

〇 Announcement of results of thorough monitoring of agriculture, forestry, and fishery products prior to shipment.
○ Very few foods have exceeded the upper limit (100 Bq/kg).
○ No rice has exceeded the upper limit since the 2015 harvest.
○ Necessary measures are in place to ensure that foods are not distributed in the market if found to exceed the upper limit.
◆Testing of all rice produced◆State of monitoring by Fukushima Prefecture（August 21, 2018 to October 31, 2018） of agricultural, forestry and fishery products （April 1, 2018 to October 31, 2018）
Proportion of
Proportion
No. ofNo. ofsamplesofsamplessamplessamples
TotalNo.
Total No.
exceedingClassification
exceedingexceedingexceedingsamplessamplesstandard
standard
standard
standard limit
Brown rice
limit
limit
limit
（produced 2018）
Vegetables & Fruits
2,051
00.00%All bags
Livestock products
2,531
00.00%
of00.00%
Cultivated edible plants
rice699
00.00%& Mushrooms
produced
Marine Fishery products
3,422
00.00%
3400.00%〇IAEA recognize that the measures to monitor and respond to issues Inner water-cultivated Fish
Wild edible plants &regarding the radionuclide contamination of food are appropriate.
683
10.15%
Mushrooms
Inland water Fishery724
30.41%
Products86. Formulation of Regional Emergency Preparedness and Response (EPR) Plan
＜National Government＞
Central Disaster
Management Council
Basic Disaster
Management Plan
•Nuclear emergency response
measures taken by the national andlocal governments and electric
power companies are specified.

Nuclear Regulation Authority
Nuclear Emergency
Response Guidelines•Specialized and technical mattersconcerning nuclear emergency
response measures are specified.

＜Prefectures andMunicipalities＞
Prefectural Disaster ManagementCouncil and Municipal Disaster
Management Council

Regional Disaster
Prevention Plans andEvacuation Plans
Relevant local governments develop
regional disaster prevention plans andevacuation plans based on the Nuclear
Emergency Response Guidelines andBasic Disaster Management Plan.

Support

Regional Nuclear Emergency
Preparedness Committees

Nuclear Emergency
Preparedness Council◆ Placed by the Cabinet Office in 13
regions where nuclear power plants arelocated.

• Consists of all members ofReport & the Cabinet and Chairmanof the Nuclear Regulation◆All relevant ministries and agencies
including the Cabinet Office and nuclearapproval Authority(Chairperson: Prime Minister )regulation authority and relevant local• The Council, as part of thegovernments which formulate the plans,
central government,
participate in.
approves measures,◆It compiles measures in emergency
including local evacuation
situations, including local governments’plans, that are concrete
evacuation plans in their areas andand reasonable inconfirms that they are concrete andemergency situations in thereasonable in the light of Nuclearlight of Nuclear Emergency
Emergency Response Guidelines.
Response Guidelines etc.

SupportCabinet Office（Nuclear Disaster Management Bureau）

Secretariat

Support for local governments by National government
Financial assistance for protection facilities, materials and equipment etc.

＜Support for Local Governments by National Government ＞• National government is involved in the formulation of plans from the very beginning. The national government soundly supports local governments. For
instance, it resolves problems regarding provincial areas together, such as support for people requiring assistance and securing of evacuation destination,evacuation means, and evacuation routes, etc.
• National government supports local governments to acquire materials and equipment needed in case of emergency situations with subsidies from thenational government.
• Support for relevant private bodies on a national level, such as cooperation requests, is implemented.
• The Plans are confirmed and supported continuously, and are improved and strengthened based on results of exercises.

97. Crisis Management Organization in Nuclear Emergency[NationalGovernment]<< Prime Minister'sOffice >>* Report the status
if necessary.

<< ERC in the Secretariatof Nuclear Regulation
Authority >>NuclearRegulation
Authority

Nuclear Emergency Response Headquarters
Director-general: Prime Minister
Vice director-generals: Chief Cabinet Secretary, Minister of theEnvironment, Minister of State for the Nuclear Emergency
Preparedness, and Chairman of Nuclear Regulation Authority
Members: State Minister of Cabinet Office, Parliamentary Vice-Minister ofCabinet Office, Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary for Crisis Management etc.
PM’s office team, Secretariat,
Nuclear Emergency Response Headquarters
Director-General for Nuclear Disaster Management Bureau (ChiefSecretariat), key staff members of the Cabinet Office, Secretariat ofNuclear Regulation Authority, etc.

Expertiseandtechnicalknowledge

ERC team, Secretariat, Nuclear Emergency
Response Headquarters
Deputy Director-General of the Nuclear Regulation Authority
Key staff members of the Cabinet Office, Secretariat of Nuclear
Regulation Authority, etc.

<< On-site measures >>Coordination(e.g. J Village)
Self-Defense
Forces, etc.

Cooperation<< Off-site measures >>[Urgent area]

Logistic support
siteRelevant
Ministries andAgencies
Coordination

Nuclear facility emergency
response center(Nuclear power company head office)Cooperation

Nuclear Regulation Authority employees
Supervision,support, etc. for theoperator

Nuclear site
(Self-recovery of the plant)

Local nuclear emergency
response headquarters(Off-site center)
Director-general: State-Minister ofCabinet Office(or Parliamentary Vice-Minister)
Deputy Director-General, Cabinet
Office, etc.

Coordination

Localgovernments
Cooperation<< Joint Council for Nuclear Emergency
Response >>Evacuation orders and support for residents

Outside power plant(Protection of residents)

10

8. Promoting the Utilization of Radiation

 The commercial applications of radiation have been
increasing over the past 10 years, especially in healthcare
and medical science.

11Source :created by Japan Atomic Energy Commission “White Paper on Nuclear Energy 2018”

Thank you