Project for
New Component Development in
Fisheries Cooperation

Overseas Fisheries Consultants Association（OFCA）

Project for
New Component Development in Fisheries Cooperation

I. Introduction

The Overseas Fisheries Consultants Association (OFCA) is an association that was established withthe aim of contributing to the effective promotion of overseas fisheries development projects. This isdone by strengthening the cooperation system for fisheries development projects overseas, as well as
improving the quality of overseas fisheries consulting-related engineers.
In the three-year period from FY 2006 to FY 2008, OFCA has implemented the “Project for New
Component Development in Fisheries Cooperation” as commissioned by the Fisheries Agency of theJapanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
For this project, verification and feasibility studies were conducted for three critical issues ininternational cooperation for fisheries in developing countries. This took place in Africa, Oceania andthe Caribbean Region with the aim of developing and introducing new components for international
fisheries cooperation from Japan.
This document was created to report the results of this project, as well as to provide the promotion ofawareness targeted both domestically and overseas.

II. Project Outline
1. Project goals:
With the technical innovation and resource management of recent years in the area of fisheries,
as well as the changes in distribution of marine products and consumer spending patterns, thesituation surrounding the global fisheries industry is changing. Within this change, the requests
from developing countries towards Japan for fisheries cooperation are becoming more diversified
and complex. However, as there have not been any actual cases of implementation in developing
countries through fisheries cooperation thus far of the components that have been requested,
it is difficult to include them in the cooperation. Additionally, as we have seen the difficulty ofmaintaining and managing the equipment and materials that have been provided in the past, it istherefore necessary to develop cooperation components with emphasis on ease of maintenanceand management, as well as durability.
Thus, for this project, the required cooperation components were developed, and practicality wasverified through feasibility studies for these challenges faced by the developing countries that arebuilding a close relationship in the fishing industry with Japan. Information is provided not only forfisheries cooperation personnel from Japan, but also for the developing countries. With the aim ofcontributing to future international cooperation from Japan in the area of fisheries, a project withthe following three components was implemented.

2. Contents for feasibility studies• Fishing management system:
In the Republic of Senegal, a feasibility study using a Vessel Monitoring System ( VMS) was
conducted and a cooperation component for fishing management systems was developed.
• Functional maintenance of fishing port:
In Saint Lucia, to relieve the problem of sand accumulation in the fishing port, a feasibility study
for sand accumulation prediction using observed values gained from weather satellites was
conducted.
• Maintenance of fishing port environment:
In the Federated States of Micronesia, a photovoltaic system was introduced with the purpose of
reducing existing power usage in fisheries-related facilities, and a feasibility study was conducted.

Saint Lucia
Republic of Senegal
Federated States of MicronesiaIII. Results of Feasibility Studies
Fishing management system:
1. Background
For a nation rich in marine fishery resources, it is possible to allow foreign fishing vessels to use
their surplus resources. It is also possible to promote the fishing industry in their own country bycollecting fishing fees from these foreign fishing vessels. In these countries, the management andsupervision of not only domestic commercial fishing vessels, but also of these foreign fishing vessels
has become an issue. Presently, many countries have implemented a Vessel Monitoring System (VMS)
that uses satellites for the purpose of keeping track of the operational status of fishing vessels.
However, in some countries, fishing management and monitoring activities using VMS and othermethods are insufficient. Because of this, their current state is one in which illegal fishing, by vessels
from both their own and foreign countries, has become a problem. In addition, even in countries
that have implemented VMS, if its usage methods or choice of equipment is inadequate, effective
fishing management is not being performed. Also, if foreign fishing vessels that want to fish inthat country’s waters are forced to make new equipment investments, it will impede that fishing,
resulting in ineffective use of resources. Recently, methods have continued to be developed inwhich VMS is used to collect data on the marine environment and fishing grounds for research.
The necessity for the creation of fishing management systems continues to rise for the purposeof the sustainable and effective use of global marine resources. Thus, in order to examine thedevelopment of components to answer these issues, feasibility studies were conducted in the
Republic of Senegal on a system that keeps track of the operations of fishing vessels using VMS.

2. Feasibility studies
2-1. Activities in the Republic of Senegal
In the Republic of Senegal, the Supervision and Protection Bureau, which oversees the supervision,monitoring and control of fishing vessels, uses an Argos-capable system to display the position ofships. All commercial fishing vessels that operate within Senegal, both domestic and foreign, arerequired to be equipped with the Argos system.
With this system, problems include the inability to accommodate Inmarsat-equipped fishingvessels, and difficulty in determining illegal operations due to the low degree of accuracy of map
information. In addition, there is a potential demand for fishing vessel location information to
be used effectively by the Maritime Bureau for fishing management, etc. However, the relevant
information was only available for use within the Supervision and Protection Bureau.
In order to answer these issues, it was decided that a system that could accommodate both Argos
and Inmarsat, as well as display more detailed map information would be installed at both theSupervision and Protection Bureau and the Maritime Bureau, and the efficient use of fishing vessel
location information would be examined.
In the project implementation period spanning over three years, in addition to the dispatching ofJapanese engineers four times, Senegalese counterparts were invited to Japan where they received
training at the Japan Fisheries Information Service Center, the Fisheries Agency, and the Japan Coast
Guard. In the final year of the project, workshops were held for relevant personnel from Senegal,
and also in Guinea where a report on the feasibility studies conducted in Senegal was presented.

Argos Satellite

Argos Satellite

Patrol ship
Supervision,
control, rescue

Patrol ship
Supervision,
control, rescue

SENATEL

Substation 1
GMDSS
Substation
2

DPM

formation
athering forolicymaking

MS
al

Substation 1
GMDSS
Substation
3

DPSP
DPM
ServerGMDSS
Information
Fishing vessel
operations
gatheringfor monitoring,
marinerescuepolicymaking

ELSA
Argos
information

SENATEL

Substation 1
GMDSS

Substation
3

Substation2

Substation
2

DPSP
ServerDPM
Information
gathering forpolicymaking

GMDSS

Fishing vessel operations monitoring,
marine rescue

Substation 1
GMDSS
Substation
3

META
Wireless data

Argos
information

Substation2

Substation
3

DPSP
DPSP
DPM
Information
GMDSS
GMDSS
Data
transmission
gatheringfor
Data transmission
policymaking
Fishing vessel
operations monitoring, Fishing vessel operations monitoring,
marine rescue
marine rescue

ELSA
Wireless data

Inmarsat Satellite

Patrol ship
Supervision,
control, rescue

SENATEL

Chart 1. Concept chart of VMS conditions in Senegal

Concept chart of VMS
conditions in Senegal

Inmarsat Satellite
Argos Satellite

Argos Satellite

Argos
Inmarsat
information
information

META

Inmarsat
information

Chart 2. Concept chart after feasibility studies

2-2. Outline of VMS and types of devices
VMS is a system in which the movement and speed of ships can be monitored. The location, speed,
Concept chart after
direction and other navigational data isConcepttransmitted
througha devicechart after
feasibility
studies mounted on the ships to an
feasibility studies
onshore monitor via satellites and landlines, simultaneously displaying information for multiple
vessels. By using this system, illegal operations can be monitored, and measures for safe operations
are made possible for efficient fishing management. Currently, the Inmarsat system and Argos
system, which go through different satellites, arethe two main types in operation.
• Inmarsat systemI nmarsat uses four stationar y satellites tooffer a communications service reporting shipto -ship distance and ship -to -land distance.
Characteristics of this system are that although
the installed equipment is costly, it can provide
continual communications and data exchange
between ships and land stations. In addition,
while telecommunications costs are incurred byboth the ships and land stations, these costs are
Chart 3. Inmarsat VMS terminal installed on ships
relatively low.

• Argos system
Argos is a data gathering system that was developed
for research purposes, including environmental studies.
Its satellite moves around the polar orbit as it collects
data transmitted from various types of sending devices.
Characteristics of this system are that while equipment
and maintenance management costs are low, it cannot
provide continual transmission. Additionally, the speed
at which information is acquired changes with theposition of the satellite.

Chart 4. Argos VMS terminal installed on
ship

There are several types of VMS software, which displays information about the position of ships on
a computer screen. For small-scale systems, there is software that runs on one computer, and alsoa type that displays ship information on multiple terminals. One VMS software that runs on a single
computer and was used for this feasibility studies is META, from the French company CLS. META has
the following functions.
• VMS data from Argos and Inmarsat satellites is received via the internet.
• The position, speed and direction of each ship are displayed on an onscreen map.
• Setting an area on the map, an alarm goes off automatically when registered vessels enter andleave the set area.

Chart 5. VMS display screen – simulation of setting a prohibited fishing zone as shown by thesquare marking2-3. Comments at workshops and effects of this project
The following reports and comments were given at the workshops held in Senegal and Guinea.
• In Senegal, since the change of VMS equipment in the beginning of 2007, a deterrent effect inillegal operations has become apparent. In particular, intrusions into prohibited fishing zones,
false reports and illegal operations during closed seasons showed a remarkable decline after thechange in VMS equipment. In 1998, illegal operations were over 30%, but declined to 10% by 2007.
In 2008, there were no confirmed cases of illegal operations.
• Although VMS is effective against illegally operating fishing vessels, on the other hand, fishingvessels that are not equipped with VMS transmitting devices are not monitored as operating illegally.
Therefore, it is necessary to combine VMS with other monitoring methods such as radar, etc.
• VMS is not only useful for monitoring fishing, but by analyzing information on operation locations
and catch volumes, knowledge about the state of resources can also be gained.
• For implementing VMS to small scale fishermen, the costs for installing transmitters on their boats(pirogues) and transmission costs are problematic. However, as a part of safety measures, it isadvisable to track the location of these small scale fishing boats in particular, especially in the caseof an accident.
• This system monitors the fishing activities taking place not only in their own seas, but can also
ascertain fishing trends in international waters and the seas of other nations. This can contributeto joint control activities within areas or between neighboring countries.
By the installation of this system, efficient fishing management is made possible. This includes
deterring illegal operations, improving fishing vessel monitoring efficiency and protecting small
scale fishermen. In the future, by analyzing these information datas on fishing grounds, etc.
is expected to contribute to effective resources management measures and regional fishingmanagement.

3. Requirements for installation of the system
3-1. Electrical conditions
If there are frequent power outages, private generator devices or UPS, etc. should also be installed,
as a stable electricity supply.
3-2. Network environment
To gather data through a satellite, it is necessary to connect the data processing center and theland station via the internet. For this, a high-speed internet connection (ADSL, etc.) is essential.
Additionally, access to an email server (POP, SMTP, etc.) is also advisable.
In the future, the creation of a network with its own server is also possible.
3-3. VMS software
Since ME TA is a software that does not assume the use of LAN or other network , eachconfiguration must be tested separately for data sharing over a network. In addition, there is also
software available for managing multiple fishing vessels on a large-scale network, displaying
marine data as a part of resources management, and linking satellite radar images with shore radar
information.

3-4. Technical requirements
Use of the software that is expected to be installed is not very difficult. A level of computer skill
at which regular Windows applications ( Word, Excel, etc.) can be operated is sufficient. However,knowledge of computer systems management will be necessary if the VMS is further developed in
the future by building a network or managing multiple fishing vessels.
3-5. Information management, etc.
If fishing management using VMS spans over multiple management organizations, it is necessary
to clarify the division of roles among them. Additionally, information gained through VMS may
include important items, therefore, the creation of guidelines regarding the handling of informationis necessary.

Functional Maintenance of Fishing Port:
1. BackgroundIn general, it is difficult to completely avoid sand accumulation in harbors built on shallow sandbeaches, and dredging is necessary to maintain the harbor’s functions. If this necessary dredging
is not performed, the fishing port will cease to function properly, thus limiting the development of
the fishing industry.
Because of this, when building a fishing port on shallow sand beaches, it is critical to consider
the effects of sand accumulation. If future sand accumulation conditions can be predicted when
designing the fishing port, a design can be devised in which effects of sand accumulation arelessened. Also, by predicting maintenance dredging that may be necessary for the harbor in the
future, it can be included in the management plan for the harbor.
However, when predicting the conditions of sand accumulation, the calculations made from actual
measurements taken on-site must be relied upon. Therefore, in locations where there is no existing
data, it is currently difficult to obtain sufficient information.
As data to supplement the calculations made from actual measurements taken on-site, wave
forecasting using meteorological data (Global Spectral Model) and geomorphic change simulations
were performed, with the examination of the usability of these results as a goal for this project.
Feasibility studies were performed at the Choiseul fishing port in the country of Saint Lucia tocompare these simulation results with actual water depth measurements.

2. Feasibility studies
2-1. Understanding wave conditions using Global Spectral Model
We first examined methods of understanding wave conditions at the point of planning, whichis the most fundamental external force when considering measures against sand accumulationin fishing ports. Regarding wave conditions, it is important to understand the characteristics of
the waves that arrive at the beach under normal circumstances including volume, direction andfrequency. Regarding long-term trends in geomorphic change, we have come to understand thatthey are impacted greatly by wave patterns under normal conditions (waves are low in height,
but have a long duration of effect). Meanwhile, it is known that the high waves that come withhurricanes, etc. cause a large geomorphic change in a short period of time. (At the Choiseul fishingport, as an effect of waves from hurricane Ivan in August 2004, a portion of the earth and sanddisappeared. After this, over a period of approximately one year, the speed of sand accumulation
progression within the harbor slowed.) However, this type of geomorphic change is temporary, andin general, including the case of Choiseul, it returns to its former state gradually.
In order to estimate normal wave patterns, wind data is necessary. Provided by the Japan
Meteorological Agency, “Global Spectral Analysis Data” was used for this project. This data is weather(including wind) data that is organized as time-series data for the entire globe, showing various
weather elements including wind direction, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, temperature,humidity level, etc. (Ref. Chart 1) By using this data, it basically becomes possible to estimate thewave patterns at any point in the world. Based on this wind data, wave estimation was performed
using the “one-point spectrum method.” (In the same manner as wave patterns under normal
conditions, wave estimation is possible in the case of large-scale hurricanes as well.)

WIND (m/s)

通年30Collecting/organizing wind data
(global spectral analysis weather data)

25

20

Estimation of waves occurringin the Atlantic Ocean(1-point spectrum method)

Estimation of waves occurring in
the Caribbean Sea

15

10

Wave variation calculation(Waves entering the Caribbean Sea)

5

‑75

‑70

‑65

‑60

‑55

‑50

‑45

‑40

‑35

‑30

10 m/s0Composition of waves

50Chart 1. Average wind distribution in the western
Atlantic Ocean per global spectral analysis weather
data (2002-2006, year-round)

Chart 2. Wave pattern estimation method using global
spectral analysis weather data

2-2. Verifying the applicability of geomorphic change simulation methods
Many numerical simulation models for analyzing geomorphic change have been proposed, but
the true state of geomorphic change is complex, and a method has not yet been established.
Because of this, the geomorphic change simulation model applied here was compared to theresults of continuous depth surveys with the goals of understanding local geomorphic change
characteristics, improving the accuracy of the geomorphic change simulation model, andevaluating its applicability.

10

① Understanding local terrain characteristicsa) Understanding arriving wave patterns by surveying surrounding beaches
By investigating the direction of the sand beach portions of surrounding ocean areas, thedirection of the waves arriving at the target ocean area can be estimated. Furthermore, in addition
to site reconnaissance, it is important to improve reliability by using multiple methods including
aerial photographs, written documents, hearing surveys, etc. By comparing these results, the wave
estimation values found in Section 2-1 were modified and wave conditions that are closer to reality
were set.
b) Understanding the feed source of drift sand
The feed of sediment on the beach consists of the sediment volume that flows down from rivers
and the sediment volume fed into the target seashores (or sediment volume runoff to the outerside). For the target seashores, the shore transport rate is estimated based on the rate of shoretransport calculated with the longshore sediment transport rate formula and the condition of thebeach (ratio of sand beach areas, etc.).
c) Estimating stable conditions for drift sandAt natural beaches, conditions are fundamentally stable. For the coastal shape to change overa long term, there may be a large change in the conditions, including external forces such as thebuilding of structures on the drift sand beach.
However, it is necessary to distinguish between stable conditions and conditions that appear to
be stable on the surface. While sometimes there is almost no longshore drift, there is also the casewhere there is longshore drift, but the income and outgo of feed and runoff sediment is balanced.
Especially for the latter, if structures are built within this range, geomorphic change will occur in thesurrounding areas. Furthermore, if seasonal geomorphic change is also considered, it is necessary tounderstand the state of geomorphic change through on-site surveys.
② Implementation of geomorphic change simulation
Based on the above results, a numerical simulation for geomorphic change will be implemented
to examine the shape of a fishing port with little geomorphic change, while changing the shapeof the harbor. Additionally, this numerical simulation for geomorphic change can contribute to theformulation of countermeasure construction if sand accumulation occurs within the harbor.
a) Applied geomorphic change simulation model
As a computational model for submarine topography change, there is a method called the “powermodel.” This method targets a relatively small area and is suited for predicting the geomorphic
change in the vicinity of structures. For this project, several conditions, including environments andperiods based on actual waves, were set for this power model as a method of making sequential
and continuous calculations for geomorphic change. Furthermore, a continuous calculation model
considering the changes in waves and flow accompanying geomorphic change was also created toincrease the level of accuracy for the calculations. (Ref. Chart 3.)11

Change rate(m)Incoming wave direction

SW

Wave height

1.0 m

Directional parameter
SmaX

75

Cycle

8 .0 sChart 3. Numerical simulation results (continuous calculation, 1 year later)b) Implementation of depth survey
Using depth surveys, an understanding was gained regarding the submarine topography changethat accompanied sand breakwater extension construction at Choiseul fishing port. The depth
surveys for this project were simplified so that they could be performed easily on-site (Ref. Chart 4.),and were performed using local counterparts.

breakwater

sea surface
BS

Chart 4. Example of a simplified on-site depth survey

12③ Adaptability verification of geomorphic change simulation model and depth survey
results
Regarding the applicability of the above geomorphic simulation model, the results of thesimulation and depth survey were compared. As a result, it was confirmed that although there is aneffect on geomorphic change from hurricanes, the applicability of the above geomorphic change
simulation model is high.

Water depth change rate (m)0.5
Deposit
0.10
0.5
0.01
0.1
-0.01
0.01
-.1
-0.01
Erosion-.50 -0.1-0.5

Chart 5. Comparison with depth survey results (approx. 6 months after sand dike placement)

3. Proposals for the implementation of analysis methods using global
spectral values and simplified maintenance management methods forfishing port functions
With the wave estimation method using the above observed values and with geomorphic
simulation, it has become easier to examine a fishing port shape in which sand accumulation is lesslikely to occur. In the future, by combining analysis methods that use these observed values withthe former methods of analysis that have been used in the past, we can expect an improvement in
the level of accuracy for analysis of the sand accumulation mechanism in areas where there is little
existing data on natural conditions, etc.
In addition, as a general item, if there is a request for cooperation regarding fishing port
construction planning, the requesting country will collect data on wind direction, wind force,
and wave height/length, etc. year-round in the vicinity of the planned site in advance. This
will contribute to the smooth and speedy implementation of the plan, as well as the further
improvement of the system for designing a fishing port in which sand accumulation problems are
not likely to occur.

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After the design and construction of the fishing port, small to mid-sized harbors in particularwill differ in the degree to which sand accumulation in the harbor can be prevented. Therefore,
to maintain fishing port functions, a minimum level of dredging is necessary. For fishing portsthat have the possibility of sand accumulation, government officials should be made aware of thenecessity of fishing port maintenance management.
In accordance with the harbor sand accumulation simulation results, proposals for concrete
methods of fishing port function maintenance should be examined in the future. These proposals
include a plan to use a wharf or landing facility placed behind the breakwater as a path formaintenance dredging equipment for dredging done at the harbor entrance. Additional, there is a
proposal for the installation, from the planning stages, of a seawater exchange system that uses thedifference in water levels from inside and outside of the harbor.

Maintenance of fishing port environment:
1. BackgroundAs an environmentally-caused, region specific problem to the South Pacific Islands, maintaining
an infrastructure for such things as electrical power and drinking water is difficult. This is one factor
impeding the development of the fishing industry, as well as the lifestyles of residents, including
fishermen. Therefore, the development of a cooperation component that was durable and costeffective was required to contribute to the alleviation of this problem.
In this project, and for fishing port facilities that form the foundation of fishing industry
development, feasibility studies were conducted for fisheries-related facilities in Yap Island, theFederated States of Micronesia.

2. Feasibility studies
2-1. Goals
On Yap Island in the state of Yap in the Federated States of Micronesia, the soaring price of crude
oil has pushed electricity costs higher. In the area of fisheries as well, high fuel costs have limited
fishing activities and affect various economic activities on the island, including rising fish and ice
prices.
The Yap Fishing Authority (hereinafter called YFA) is mainly active in the areas of selling ice andfresh fish caught by their boats to the islanders. The ice sold is used for a wide variety of purposes
including small scale fishing on the island, distribution and food preservation, making YFA’s ice
production and sales very important. However, as significantly high electricity costs at YFA have put
pressure on operations, is critical to reduce those costs and return YFA to a healthy operating state,
as well as make improvements in the effective use of marine products through preservation of
freshness.
For this project, feasibility studies were carried out at YFA for the introduction of photovoltaic
power not requiring storage batteries, with the goal of reducing YFA’s electricity costs.

14

2-2. Photovoltaic system (interconnected type) outline
Chart1. About the photovoltaic (interconnected type) system

Chart2. Interconnected-type photovoltaic system diagram15

2-3. Detail contents of feasibility studies• At the YFA facility, equipment was installed for an approximately 2.625 kw interconnected-type
photovoltaic power generation system. The amount of power generated through solar power andthe overall electricity used by the existing facility was monitored.

Photovoltaic panels

Protecting device,power conditioner, transformer

Junction box

Display board
Chart3. Actual equipment installed

2.4. Results• The results of a ten-month period of monitoring from mid-February 2008 to mid-December 2008
show that the overall YFA facilities electricity usage was an average of 12,640 kWh per month with
an electricity cost of $2,787. Additionally, the amount of photovoltaic power generated was anaverage of 298 kWh per month.
• Ten months of photovoltaic power generation produced approximately 2.4% of YFA’s overall
facility electricity usage, resulting in a reduction of electricity costs of about $659 (using YFA
electricity cost units).

16

Chart4. Monitoring results

2-5. Optimal scale for this system at YFA• In this system, not only would power generated in excess be wasteful, but could also produce anegative effect on the electrical system. Therefore, the optimal scale for photovoltaic power for
the facility would aim to generate power for daytime electricity consumption at the facility whensunlight is strong and the most energy could be produced. This is thought to be the most effective
method.
• In the case of YFA, the equipment consuming the most electricity during the day is the ice storage
room and office equipment (computers, air conditioner, lights, etc.). The optimal scale for thispower usage is 9.53 kw, and a reduction of approximately 8.7% in electricity consumption for theoverall facility is expected.
(*At YFA, the ice-making machine is run at night, therefore, daytime power consumption is low
compared to nighttime consumption, reducing the optimal scale of this system, as well as theelectricity reduction effects. However, at most ice-making facilities, ice is produced during theday, in which case this system’s optimal scale and electricity reduction effects are expected to begreater.)

3. Installation of this system in other regions
3-1. General conditions regarding the installation of this system□ Environmental conditions:
The solar panel (hereinafter called “panel”) should be facing south in a place that does not
become shaded.

17

The panel should be placed so that is cannot be directly touched, and cannot be damagedby flying objects, etc.
The panel should be placed so that it is not in contact with sea water.
If the panel is installed on a roof, the roof’s structure must be able to support the weight ofthe panel.
The temperature at the place of installation should be less than 90°C.
□ Electrical conditions:
Low occurrence of frequency fluctuations and electrical power variance.
Ability to draw commercial-use electricity from the power plant.
□ Optimal scale:Same scale as peak electric power energy in the daytime.
□ Precautions and installation conditions:
It is necessary to take precautions against lightening, typhoons(wind and flooding from storm tides), sudden natural disasters and salt damage.
3-2. Possibilities for the installation of photovoltaic power at other fisheries-related facilities
and anticipated effects• Regarding the possibility for the installation of photovoltaic power at other fisheries-related
facilities and anticipated effects, installation can be done with the goal of reducing electricity
consumption at new and existing fisheries-related facilities.
• The main locations for installation of this system and the anticipated effects are as follows. For icemaking facilities, seedling production and aquaculture facilities, a stable supply of products andlower selling prices can be achieved with the reduction of production costs for ice and seedlings.
Also, at fish markets and fish landing centers, a reduction in facilities usage fees can also be
anticipated.
3-3. Others• If installing a photovoltaic power system on outer islands, and this system cannot be directly
installed (islands with no power plant, etc.), installation of combined system of private power
generators and photovoltaic power can be considered.
• With the installation of a stand-alone photovoltaic power generator, battery maintenancemanagement and disposal are issues. However, since batteries with improved durability andmaintenance management have been developed, it is necessary to examine the possibility of theirinstallation.
• Many of the island countries in the Pacific Ocean show strong interest in the prevention of global
warming. Implementing projects that reduce oil consumption and CO 2 emissions on the island ofYap, as well as other island nations, hold significant meaning from an environmental perspective.
In addition, taking protective measures for global weather and the ocean environment will be ofgreat use in the advancement of the world’s fishing industry over the long-term.

18

Fisheries Agency
Government of Japan

Overseas Fisheries Consultants
Association（OFCA）

Published by the Overseas Fisheries Consultants Association (OFCA)
Address: Murakoshi Building 6F, 3-21-6 Uchikanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan 101-0047
Telephone: 03-3254-9001
Facsimile: 03-3254-9003