,'?50

752

751

Ihe Crane-Fliesof South Africa in the NatalMuseum(Diptera: Tipulidae)

BY

Ctarles P. Alexande,r,Universiryof Massachusetts,
Amherst,Massachusettg

Rrrnnrrro rnou
'Axnrr.r ot Er Nerer. Muslurqt Yor. XffI,
Auoustr, 1966

PRINTED BYADLARD & SON, LIUITEDLONDON AND DORKING

Penr 3,

Annalsof theNatal Museum,Yol. XIIIT part 3, issueilAuqust 30th,1956.
THE CR,ANE FLIES OF SOTITH AFR,ICA IN TIIE NATAL MUSEUM

395

The Crane-Flies of South Africa in the Natal Museum(Diptera : Tipulidae).
ByCharles P. Alexander,
L-ni versi t v of ]Iassachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts.
\\'ittr 40 Text-fisures.

INrnooucrroN.
IN the present paper I arn planning to discussthe crane-fliesof the Natal Museum, basedprimarily on the large and important seriesof thesefliessecuredby its
entomologist, Mr. -Brian Stuckenberg. The types of the new and other species
are returned for the museum collection, which may well become one of theleading repositories of these flies. Despite the many scattered collections thathave been made over the past half century, it is evident that very much further
work on these flies remains to be done and that important discoverieswill be
rnade. Coincidentally with the present work f am reviewing the extensive
material taken in South Africa by Dr. Per Brinck and his colleaguesand which
will be discussedin the generalreports of his expedition to South Africa. In thislatter work I am planning to provide revised keys to the crane-fliesnow known
from Africa, south of the Kunene and Zambezi Rivers, or approximately l8osouth latitude.
In the first part T am discussingmaterial taken by Mr. Stuckenbergin Nataland CapeProvince, including somespeciesof unusual interest from the Indumeni
Forest, CathedralPeak Area, Natal, securedin February, 1954. The speciesare
nnmbered and this plan will be followed in the succeedingparts under thisgeneral title, thus providing an idea of the total number of speciesdealt with.
Although a, rather large number of papers have been published that bear
uporl the Tipulidae of the areaunder consideration,three &remore comprehensive
and provide a basis for the further study of the group. Theseare the following :Alexander, C. P. 1917, " The crane-fliesof South Africa in the South' Ann. S.
African Museum (Diptera, Tipulidre). " Parts I and II.
Afr. Mus'.,Vol. 17, 139-184,pls. 10-14 ; and Vol. 18, l8l-230, pls.
3-4 (1e21).
Wood, H. G. 1952. " The crane-fliesof the South-westCape (Diptera,
Tipuloidea)." ' Ann. S. Afr. Mus.', Vol. 39 ; L-327, 105 figs.
Dr. Wood's report is of special interest and value becauseof the excellent
biological studies, including no fewer than a3 life histories of the Tipulidre,
representingthe great majority of all generic groups known from the area. It

396

CHARLES P. ALEXANDER,

is to be hopedthat suchimportant work on the biology and ecologyof the South
African Tipulidre may be continued.
I wish to expressmy thanks to the authorities of the Natal Museurnand
particularly to Mr. Stuckenbergfor the opportunity to proceedwith this study.

PART I.
l. Longurio (Longurio) synductulon. sp.

Text-fig. 6.

Sizesmall (wing, male, 8 mm.) ; generalcoloration grey, the prrescutunrrvith
two intermediate brown stripes; halteres long and slender, knob brorvnish
black ; legsblack, femoral basesbroadly obscureyellow ; wings with a brou-nishtinge, without stigma; l?s longer than -Br, cell Mrlong-petiolate. cell lnrl .4,
narrow ; male hypopygiurn with the posterior border of tergite shallorvl.l'
emarginate,the lobesobtuse ; a single dististyle that divided at near nridlength
into the usual inner and outer styles, the latter without spinous annature.
Male.-Length about 8 mm.; wing 8 mm.
Rostrum black, sparselypruinose above ; palpi blaek. Antennae n-ith scapeand pedicel black ; flagellum broken. Head brown on central portion of r-ertex,
the anterior vertex and broad orbits light grey ; vertical tubercle conspicuous,
its anterior end truncate ; posterior vertex with two ro\r s of black setre,
separated by u median space.
Pronotum brownish grey. Mesonotal prascutuur light broqn. n-ith two
conspicuous dark brown intermediate stripes and small isolated brorvn lateralspots lying behind the pseudosutural fovere ; scutal lobes nrore or lessdarkened ;posterior sclerites of notum light grey. Pleura light gle)-. Halteres long andslender, stem obscureyellou', knob brownish black. I-,,egs
u'ith the coxae lightgrey ; trochanters brownish yellow ; remainder of legs black. the fernoral bases
obscure yellow, on the posterior legs involving about the proxinral thirul,
narrower on the fore and middle legs; claws small, simple. \\'ings rvith &brownish tinge, the costal border and space between the cubital branches
somewhat darker ; obliterative area across the base of cell l.sl JIo relativel.rconspicuous; no differentiatedstigmal area ; veins dark brou'n. \-eins unttsuallv
glabrous, beyond the cord virtually lacking, there being onll- four or file nea,router end of vein Ro*u. Venation 1 Rt*z preserverl ; ^Bslonger than .8, : cell.il[, subequal to its petiole ; basal section of vein Mo rtistinct. perpendicular :eell 2nd -4 narrow.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, sparselypruinose ; basal sternites sorneu'hat
more brightened ; hypopygium yellowish brown. Male hypopl'gium (text-fig.
6) with the tergite, t, large, slightly widened. outwardly, the posterior borderwith a broad and shallow emargination, the lobes low and appearing more orless divergent. Basistyle, 6, short and stout. Dististyle, d, single, the parts
fused on more than the proximal half, the inner style a flattened yellow blade,

TIIE CR,ANE FLIES OF SOLTTH AFRICA IN THE NATAL MUSEUM

397

its base with long retrorse setre but without spines ; outer style subequal in
Iength, with conspicuoussetre throughout the length ; no modified spinelike
setreon the entire style.
Holotype, J, fndumeni Forest, Cathedral Peak Area, Natal, February 3,
lg54 (8. Stuckenberg).
Readily distinguished from the numerous regional membersof the genus by
the structure of the male hypopygium, especially the dististyles, as the basal
fusion and total lack of spines, the latter being characteristic of sornewhat
similar small species, &s Longur'io (Longurio) bonaspei (-Bergrotlt),L. (L.)
uersfeltliWood, and others.
2. Tipula (Acutipu.la)pomposaBergroth.
Ti'pulo potnposeBergroth, l8U8: lint.'Iidskrifb,9: 131),fig. 4 (J hypopygiurn).
'I'ipukt potn.posct
Alexancler,llfl7: Ann. S. Afr. i\[us., 17: 168, pl. 13, fig. 52, pl. l{, fi9. 60 (ihypopygiurn).
Tipuh pont,posu!\roorl, lg52 ; Ann. S. Afi'. Mus., 39 : 44-49, fig. l0 (pupa), fig. I I (j hypopygiurn),
fig. l9 (larva).

Described from Caffraria, Cape Province ; later recorded from Zululand,
Natal, and the Transvaal.
Natal Museum : Natal, fndumeni Forest, CathedralPeak Area, February 3,
1954 (B. Stuckenberg). Oape Province, Grahamstown,October 6-12, 1953
(It. Stuckenberg).
3. Li,monia(Diuanomyia) saturan. sp. Text-fig. 7.
Size large (wing, male, over I rnm.) ; genera,l coloration dark brown :mesonotal prrescutum brou'nish grey with three darker brown stripes, therelatively narrow central vitta faintly divided at anterior end by " pale line :wings strongly infuscated, stigma darker ; Sc short,,Sc, ending shortly before
origin of .Bs, cell lst M, closed; rnale hypopygium with the ninth tergite
shallowly emarginate ; ventral tlististyle very large, more than twice the basistyle ; rostral prolongation flattened, cleaver-Iike, the two spines placed close
together on the face ; redeagusunusually broad, the simple apical lobe verysmall.
Male.-Length about 8'5 mm. ; wing 9'5 mm.
Rostrum and palpi very small, brownish black. Antennae black throughout :flagellar segmentsoval, the outer onesmore elongate,shorter than the conspicuous verticils. Head dark grey; anterior vertex n&rrow.
Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotum brownish grey, with three darker
brown stripes, the relatively narrow central one more or less divided at cephalicend by a pale line ; scutal lobes light brown, darker along mesal edge ; scutellum
ancl postnotum brown, the central portion more or less variegated with darker.
Pleura and pleurotergite dark brown. Halteres with stem yellow, knob darkbrown. Legs with the fore cox& dark brown, the others darkened basally, thetips yellow, broadest on the posterior pair ; trochanters yellow; remainder of398

CHAR,LES P. ALEXANDER

legs broken. Wings large, strongly tinged with brown, the oval stigma still
darker ; very narrow and vague darker seams at origin of ,Bs and along cord ;veins brown, Venation ; Sc short, ,Sc,ending just before origin of .Bs,^Sc,near
its tip ; cell lst Mrshorter than vein M a; m,-cuvery closeto the fork of M .
Abdom"tt dark brown, the basal sternites vaguely paler. Male hvpopygiunr(text-fig. ?) with the tergite, t, relatively large, transverse,narrowetl orttwartlly,
the posterior border with a very shallow emargination ; lobes lorv arltl obtttse.
with very long setre. Basistyle, b, with the ventromesal lobe obtuse. I)orstrl
dististyle unusually broad, especially before the long acute terrrtitral spine.
Ventral dististyle , d,, very large and fleshy, its area about two atrd tr,half tirlres
that of the basistyle ; rostral prolongation flattenecl,cleaver-like, the trvo spitres
placed close together on face. Gonapophysis,g, with mesal-apicallobe verv
slender. Aedeagusunusu&lly broad, the simple apical lotle ver.v stnirll.
Holotype, $, Indumeni Forest, Oathedral Peak Area, Nrrtal. Febrtrar.v 3,
1954(8. Stuckenberg).
This large but inconspicuousmember of the subgenusis cpite distinct frotu
all othel regional members in the large size, coloration of the bocl.r'trntl u'itrgs,ofand in the structure of the male hypopygium. The broad wings al'esttggt'stir-eLimoniu (Dicranomyia) lightfooti (Alexander), which has cell J.[, of the u-ings
open. The latter fly may prove to be a speciesof ldtoglocltin,rrather thanpertaining to the present subgenus.
4. Limonia (Geranomyia)gracilipalpis n. sp. Text-fig. s.
Size large (wing, male, 9 mm.) ; rostrum relativel; short. maxillarv palllivery long, apparently 3-segmented; antennretnoderately lotrg, blerckthrotrghout ; generalcolorationof thorax grey, the prrescutumwith a singlerlark btown: halteres
str.ipe, pleura with two short dark stripes on the rnesepistel'nun)
jrrst
befole tilr ;dusky ; femora brownish yellow, with a, vaglle tlarkeneclring
wings weakly infuscated, very restrictedly pattenred u'ith prrle bron'n ; ,Sc
short, Sc, ending about oppositeone-thirclthe length of /?s : ttralehvlloPvgitrrn
sttbetrltratewith the rostral spinesvery slender,placeclnear bascof the llt-r,ttenerl
rostral prolongation.
Male.-Length, excluding rostrum, about 8 mrn.: rving g mrtt.: rostrum
about l'9 mm.
Rostrum brownish black. relatively short, only a little longer than theantennre ; maxillary palpi very long and slender,black apparentlv l)-segmentecl,
approximately one-half as long as the labial palpi beyond their insertion. Antennp black, relatively long; flagellar segmentsoval, with small verticils. Headbrownish grey ; anterior vertex narrow, only about one-half the diameter ofthe scape.
Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotum grey, the prrescutum with a single darkbrown stripe, median in position, lateral stripes barely indicated as a dusky spot

THE CR,ANE FI,IES OF SOTTTII AFRICA IN THE NATAL MTISEUM

399

near suture ; pseudosutural fovea represented by a tiny black impression far
removed from margin and at near one-third the length of the sclerite ; scutal
lobes patterned with dark brown, the median region and posterior callositiesof the lobes paler. Pleura and pleurotergite gre/, the former with two narrowancl inconspicuousbrown stripes, one on ventral part of the anepisternum, theother near the lower portion of the sternopleurite. Halteres cluskv, the base ofstem restrictedly yellow. Legs with the coxreyellow, the fore pair dark at base ;trochanters yellow ; femora brownish yellow, narrou'ly and indistinctly
darkened just before apex ; tibire and tarsi light brown. \Vings weaklv infuscated, very restrictedly patterned with pale brown, including the o.r'alstigrrra
and very narrow searnsover cord and outer end of cell lsl M, ; veins pale brown,
C antl Cu ntore yellowed. \/enation : Sc relatively short, ,Sc, ending about
opposite one-third to one-fourth the length of fis, Sc, a short distance from its
tip; cell ls/ Mrabout as long as the distal sectionof vein Jl41s
i ln-cu verv close
to fork of M.
Abclomen brown, including the hypopygium except for the yellow ventral
clististyle. Male hypopygium (text-fig. S)with the tergite, f , narrowly transverse,
the posteriorborder with a U-shapednotch, the lobesbroadly obtuse. Basistyle,b, small, the ventromesal lobe large, obtuse. Dorsal dististyle a strong cun'ed
rod, narrowed very gradually into a long straight spine ; ventral dististyle, d,small, its area subequal to that of the basistyle : rostral prolongation subpendulous, flattened, terminating in a small point : rostral spines two, placed
rather close together near base of prolongation, straight, the inner spine frorn& very low basal tubercle, the other almost sessile.Gonapophysis,g, with thetnesal-apicallobe blackened,gently curved to the acute tip, the conc&vemargin
microscopically denticulate. .lEdeagusrelatively slender, the apical lobes small
and obtuse.
Holotype,$, Grahamstown,Cape Province, October 15, 1953 (B. Stuckenberg). AllotopotUge,?, November 8, lgb2.
The presentfly is quite distinct from other regional membersof the subgenus,
i ncluding Limonia (Geranom,yia)rubrithorar (Alexander) and L . (G.) subimacul,o,ta(Alexander),differing especially in the coloration of the body and wings, and in
the structure of the palpi and male hypopygium.
5. Antoclw (Orimnrgula)indumeni n. sp. Text-figs. l, 9.
Size large (wing, male, 7 mm. or more) ; antennreshort ; general colorationof body dark brown ; antennre, legs and knobs of halteres dark brown ; wings
with a strong blackish tinge, the veins beyond cord unusually glabrous ; malehypopygium with two dististyles, the outer style terminating in an acute spine,
the surface with abundant delicate setulre.
Male.-Length about 5-5'2 mm.; wing 7-7.2 mm.; antenna about I mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennre black throughout, short ; flagellar

400

CHAR,LES P. ALEXANDER

segments oval, the outer two subequal and a trifle longer. Head dark grey;
anterior vertex broad.
Cervical region and pronotum brownish black, pronotal scutellunl obscureyellow. Mesonotal prrescutum with the disk dark brown, the narrow lateralbord.ersgrey ; posterior sclerites of notutn dark brown. Pleura clark brown,\raguely pruinose, especially on the dorsal sternopleurite ; dorsoplerrral lllernbrane dark. Halteres with stem dusky, narrowly yellowed at base, knclb tltr,rkbrown. I-,egswith all coxre and trochanters brownish testaceous; t'ettrtr,itrderof legs dark brown, the femoral basesnot or scarcely paler : cltru-srritlr tlrree
conspicuous spines, the outermost longest. Wings (text-fig. I ) u'ith a strollg
blackish tinge, -Esand basal section of -lln*uvaguely seametlwith clarker : r'eins
brown. Wing veins very glabrous,lacking beyond cord except fbr lrr ertentletl
series on the distal section of vein Ro*u. Venation : Anteliot' lrt'irtlch of' -Bs
delicate and tending to be subevanescent; cell Jly',front tu-o atitl orle-half tcr
nearly three times its petiole : m,-cuits own length or lnore llefore the fork of'
M ; cell 2nil A very broad.
Abdomen, including hypopygium, dark brown, spalselr' prttittose: llasalsternites vaguely more brightened. Male hypopygiurn (tert-tig. 1r) u'ith thetergite, f, narrow, transverse,its width approximateh' tltt'ee titttes the length :posterior border truncate to very slightly enrargina,te,the (ttttt't' ltrteral tnat'gitrs
more sclerotized,glabrous ; posteriorpart of tergite wit]r l)ttlllel'otlssetr. extending more cephaladon the lateral parts. Proctiger darkenecl,settti-or-al.the apex
brbadly obtuse, with long pale setre (apex only show-uin figure). Basistvle. b,
slender,rrnmodified: setreof outer face long and spalse. of' tltt' itrtret'sttr{aceternrinating
shorter and retrorse. Dististyles, d, two, the outer rnofe sclet'otiz.etl.
in an acute spine, the outer surface almost to tip u'itlr alrttntlattt erect palesetar.trvisteclor
setulre; inner style a little longer and.broader,with cottslticttotts
shirreclat near two-thirds the length. Gonapophysisttt'utsttirllvsinrple.appearing
as a lengthenedblade, its tip obtuse. ,iEdeagtrsslentler'.
Holotype, J, Indumeni Forest,,Cathedral Peak Area. Natal. February 3,
1954(B. Stuckenberg).Paratopotupes,266.
This speciesis quite distinct from the smallerantl paler .4ntocha(Orimarguln)
transuaalia(.Llexander)describedfrom the Transvaal. lrttt't' r'eeordedfrom Cape
Province by Wood. With the continued.accessiotrof'tttttttet'oltsllew species,itis evident that the supposeddistinctions betweetrthe sttbgetreraAntocha zltrd
Orimargulnarc so slight as to be virtually non-existent irtrd the two grortpsare
maintained as separatefor convenienceonly.
n. sp.
6. Limnophilomyia stuclcenbergi'fert-figs. 2, 10.

Thoracic dorsum brown, the prrcscutum with three nlore brownish yellow
stripes, pleura more yellowed ; antennre of male elongate : legs brown, thetarsi and narrow tips of the tibire snowy white ; wings with a strong blackish

THE CR,ANE FLIES OF SOUTH AFR,ICA IN THE NATAL MUSEUM

4OI

suffusion; cell lst M, present,rectangular in outline, nearly twice as long as
wicle; male hypopygium with the tergal lobesshort and broad, nearly as longas wide ; dististyleenlargedat basc,curvedoutwardly, with a low onter flange;
redeaguswith an appendage.
Male.-Length about 6-6'3 mm.; wing 6'5-7'2 rnrn. ; antenna about
5'5-Omm.
Ivernale.-Length about 7'ir nrrn. : wing 7'lJ tntn.: antenna aborrt :J'2 ttlur.
Il,ostrum brown ; palpi black. Antennrc of ma,leelongate, a little shorter
than the body, of the feruale much shorter : scape ancl pedicel testaceotls,
flagelltrm back; flagcllar segments of male vcry long cylindrical, a,ll with
abundant, erect verbicillate set,rethat are nearly twice as long as the diameterof the segment ; in female, verticils sparse but long a,nd cotrspictrotts,theabundant normal setrc rnuch shorter. Head dark brownish groy : antcrior
vertex of rnale reduceclto a narrorv strip.
Pronoturn reducecl,brown. Mesonotum brown, the clisk ahnost cot'eretl lt,\'
three lnore brownish yellorv stlipes ; postnotum ancl pleura lllorc tlbscttrr:
yellow. Halteres with stcnr brown, pale at base, knob tlark brown. Legs rvith
the coxae ancl trochanters yellow ; femora brown ; tibirc brown, the narrow
tips and the tarsi snowy white. Wings (text-fig. 2) with a strong blackishslffusion, the stigma not or scarcely darker ; veins brown. Venation : ^5'c,cnding shortly beyond fork of -Bs,,Sc,at its tip ; -8, some distance before fork,
preserving nn element Rr*, that r-aries fi'om about one-half to fully the lengthof Rr; cell lst Mrpresent, rectangular, being slightly lessthan twicc as long as
wide ; lTL-cILat or beyond the folk of M,, the maximutu distance abotrt as
figured ; anal veins strongl.y con\rergent opposite the arculus.
Abdominal tergites black, the sternites obscureyellow, the posterior bortlers<lf the intermediate segments rnore darkenecl ; subterrninal segtneutsttuifornrly
lllackened to form a narrow ring : hypopygiutn obscure yellow. Ovipositor rvith
the cerci very slender',only slightly ctrrved. Malc hypopygiurn (text-fig. l0)
with the tergite, t, distinctive, the lobesshort and broad, only a little longer thanwide, the otrter apical angle slightly produced, glabrous, the inner part of eachlobe with abundant delicate setre. Dististyle, d, dilated at base,the outcr twothirds narrowed and curved to the acute tip, tho otrter part with a long flange so
as to appear more or lcss groovecl. /Xdcagus, o, beneath with a long cloublc
clavifrrrm appendage.
Holotype, J, fndumeni lrolest,, Clathedral Pcak Area, Natal, Febrtrary li,
1954 (B. Stuckenberg). Allotoptotype,,f, with type. Paratopotllpc, I ?, withtype.
f take great pleasurein naruing this interesting fly lbr Mr. Blian Stuckenllerg,
rvho has added materially to our knowledge of the South African Tipulitlrt. The
only other known regional member of the genus is LimnoTthiLontyialctcteitarsus(Alexander), of the Cape Province and Cape Peninsula. This differs fronr thepresent fly in the restricted arnount of whitc on all lcgs, the short sttbcluadratc

CHAR,LES P. ALEXANDER,

cell lsl M 2, position of vein -8, beyond the fork, and especially in the structureof the male hypopygium, notably the tergite, dististyle, and phallosome.
f proposed Limnophilomyiain lg2l as a subgenusof LimnophilnMacquarf,,
based on a broken specimen from the south-west Cape, described as Limnophila(Lirnnophilamyia) lncteitarsis. Wood (1952) clarified the systematic position of
the fly through securing abundant materials of the adult and partictrlarly byhis discovery of the larva and pupa. From the latter, when conrpared with
Roger's recent,discovery in North America of the immature stagesof Lipsothritsyluia (Alexander), it becomes evident that Limnophilomyia anrl Lipsothrir
are allied though still amply distinct. The true systematic position of thesetwo
genera,remains very much in question, though for the present I arn letaining
them in the tribe Eriopterini. They seemunquestionably to be anrong the mostancient known types of the family.
From Wood's description and figures of the male hypopygiunr of Limnophilomyio lacteitarsisit is known that in this species the tergal lobes are very
long and nanow, almost one-half as long as the slender basist.r'les.their tips
obliquely truncated, the lobes narrower than the deep U-shapetl enrarginationthat separa,testhem ; dististyle very long and slender, tapering to the narrowas itr the present
obtuse tip ; redeagusvery large, curved, without a,na,ppendtr,ge.
fly. Both Wood and I had interpreted vein R2 (the radial crossveinas originallyconsidered)as being lacking in the genotype, but actuallv it is nrore or lesspreservedthough very faint. When best indicated it appearsir,sa senri-atlophiedelement lying short'ly beyond the fork of R, 2 + B+ 4.
In addition to the two South African speciesdiscussetlubor-e.three othersfrom Tanganyika and Uganda have been described by the rvriter atrtl are uow inpress.
7. Elephantomyia (Elephantomyia) pleurolineata n. sp. Text-figs. 3, ll.
Size large (wing, male, 9 mm.) ; rostrum black, subequtr,lin length to body ;mesonotum light brown, patterned with dark brown, including a rtredian stripe
on prescutum and paired spots on scutellum i pletrla buff1'. with a rrory
conspicuous brownish black dorsal stripe ; Iegs dark brorvu ; wings weakly
infuscated.,restrictedly patterned with still darker brown: tnale hypopygiumwith the outer dististyle small, conspicuously forked at tip; gona,pophysis
slender ; redeagusunusually simple.
Male.-Length, excluding rostrum, about 8'5 rnn.: u'ing I mm.; rostrum
about 8'5 mm.
Femnle.-Length, excluding rostrum, about 10 mm.: u-ing 9'5 mm.
Rostrum black throughout, elongate, subequal in length to remainder ofbody (tip broken in the unique female). Antennre with scapeancl pedicel black ;first flagellar segment obscure yellow, the remaining segnreuts passing frompale to dark brown. Head gre/, the front and anterior vertex paler grey ;anterior vertex a little broader than the diameter of scape.

THE OR,ANEFLIES OF SOUTH AFR,ICA IN THE NATAL I\TUSEUM 403

Pronotum light brown, the sides black. Mesonotum light brown, conspicuously pattterned with dark brown, including a median stripe on prrescutum thatstarts as a narrow point at the cephalic borcler, widened and shallowly forked
behind, the arms crossingthe suture and involving the tnesalparts of the scutalIobes ; scutellum buffy, with two circular brown spots ; rnediotergite lightgre/, thc margins narrowly rnore infuscated. In the allotype, bhe prrescutttmis
patterned a little clifferently, including a median stripe that becotnes obsolete
at near three-fourths the length of the sclerite,connecteclwith thc lateral stripesthat cross the suture behind. I'leura ancl pleurotergite buffv with tl, vct.yconspicuousbrownish lrlack dorsal stripe extending from the proplettt'abackwarcl
passing beneachthe root of the halteres to thc abdonren. Haltc,r'eswith stetu
obscureyellow, knob infuscated. Legs with the coxre and trochanters yellow:
femora clark brown, the basesrather narrowly more yellowed : tibire and tarsi
dark brown ; segmentsof legs with conspicuouserect setae additional to thenormal shorter ones. \Vings (text-fig. 3) weakly infuscated, with a darker browtr
pattern, including the oval stigrna and conspicuousseams over the cord antl
outer end of cell lsf Mzi veins clark brown. Venation : Branches of Bs gentlv
divergent, cell R, at margin about one-third more extensive than cell ,E ; celllst M, short-rectangular ; nt-cu beyond fork of M, the distance variable, themaximum condition about as figured.
Abdominal tergites obscure yellour, very broadly margined laterally ancl
posteriorly with brown or black ; seventh and eighth segmentsmore unifornrly
clarkened ; sternites more uniformly pale ; hypopygium obscure yellow. Male
hypopygium (text-fig. I I ) with the basistyle, b, short and stout, on basal half ofmesal face with a low lobe that bears about a score of strong black bristles.
Outer dististyle, rl, small, slencler,cleeplyforked at outer end ; inner style stout,
weakly bent beyond midlength, narrowed to the obtuse apex. Gonapophysis astraight slenderrod, the tip acutc. ,iEdeagus,a,,unusually simple, appearing as
sinrtous rod of moderate length.
a gently
Hol,otrlqt€,
3, Grahamstown, Cape Provincc, Octobet 24, 1953 (B. Stuckenberg). Allotopot?lpe,?,with the type.
-A.mongthe regional forms, the present fly requires comparison only with
Elephantomyia (Elepluantomyia)IuteipenruisAlexander and E. (8.) montana,
Alexander, differing from all speciesin thc very conspicuous pleural stripe andin the structurc of the male hypopygium.
Gentts Gnophomyia Osten Sacken.
(.irtoplrcntyilrOsten Sacken, 1859 ; Ploc,. Aeatl. Nat. Sei. Philadelphia, 1859 : 223.

Subgenus ldiognophom,yian. subgen.
(ienerally as in the typical subgenus. Meron moderately large, about aswicleas the cliameterof the coxa. Legs with abundant flattened scales,additional
to the normal setr Wings with Sc relatively short, Sc, ending about opposite

404

CHARLES P. ALEXANDER

the fork of -Bs,Bc, very long, approximately as long as cell Ist Mr. Ovipositor
with the valves very short and blunt. Male hypopygium with the basistyle on
mesal face with a lobe bearing a,group of spine-like setre.
Type of the subgenus.-GnophomyiacapicolaAlexander (South Africa).
Other included species: Gnophomyia breui,cellulaAlexander ((Formosa) ;G. comstocld.Llexander (south-westernUnited States) ; G. ignaua (Alexander)(Cape Colony) ; G. lnterospinosaAlexander (Japan) ; (]. uanitas Alexander'(Malaya). The essentialcharactersof the group include the scaly legs, the very
reduced ovipositor, and the structure of the male hypopygium.
The presenceof scales or greatly flattened sete on the legs of Tipttlidrc
has been noted in various groups, but the taxonomic significancc, is only
now becoming appreciated. In the present group the charactet' is \reryconspicuousand contrasts sharply with the condition in typical (inrtphomyia
and in the subgenusEugnophornyiaAlexander. It shotrld be notc<l that thesescalesare supplementary to the normal setreand to the microtrichia, tlncl are notmodifications of the latter. They are evidently clelivetl frottr trortttal -*etrcby
progressiveflattening, in the extrernc case being apploxiuta,tely ft-rttrtiutes aslong as broad.
capicolaAlexancter. Text-lig. {.
8. Gnophomyia(Id,iognoptltontyia)
Gnoplrcnyia capicolaAlcxander, 1934 ; I)neycl. IJnl,ornol.,I)iptcra, 7 : i7-.-rS.

Described from Keiskammahek, Lenye Forest, Lra,ltel'rovince, altitude
3,000ft., June 15, l92l (H. K.Munro).
Natal Museum : Natal, Lions Bush, N<lttinghanr, Atrgust 1), 1954 (8.
Stuckenberg).
The seasonalrange a,s given above indicates that the fly is adult at the
beginning and end of the cold or winter season.
9. Gonomyia (Lipophleps)sulplturcLloidcsAlexander.
Gonomyilt ((ionomyiu) sulplwelloides .t\lexander, lggl ; Atur. S. Afr'. Mus., 18 : 197-198, pl. 3,
fig. ll (r'enation).

Described from Kranskop, Natal, taken in November', 1917, by Ii. H.
-Barnard. Transvaal, Florida, Decetnber,l1)18(I'!. W. Tucker).
Natal Museum : Natal, Indumeni !'orest, Cathedral I'eak Alca, I"cblttary li,
1954(8. Stuckenberg).
n. sp. Text-figs. i, l:1.
I0. Erioptera (Eriopttera)celestissinua
Head and mesonotum polished black, the ventral thoracic plctrlites andsternopleura polished yellow ; knobs of halteres large, black ; fetllora obscureyellow, vaguely darker at tips ; wings dark brown, variegated by two pale &reas
along costal border and two others at posterior rnargin ; male hypopygiurn withthe outer dististyle a relatively short club, the apex with rows of abundant
spinulre; inner dististyle angularly bent to the acutc tip ; gonapophysis

THE CII,ANE FLIES OF SOTITH r\FRICA IN THE NATAL IIIISEUM

405

Tnxr-nrcs. l-ll.

3

7

8

10

11

12

| . . l t t t o c l u t ( ( ) r i t t t r t r g u . L , ti )t t r l u . t t t . ic, t tn . s l ) , ; r ' t . r r a t i o n. ) . L i t n t t o p l t i l r t t ttrt i r t . s t u c k e r t l n r , l i
rr. slr. ; r-enirtion. il. Elcplr111116111t1irt
I,F)leltlttrtttotttryitt)lleu,roli,tteutrtll. sp. : t'erration.
1. ('ittopltonrryio\Idiorlttoplnnrtlilt) crrlticol,t.\lexrrncler: r'enrr,tion. 5. llriollerrt (.Erio1tttra) aalssli.s.siltrtn. sp. ; r-etration. li. Lottrlttrio (l,ottgttrio) syttdrrettlhrn. sl). ; rualt'
I r r ' 1 - r o p y g i r t r n .i . L i t t t o t t i t r ( I ) i e r t t t t o n r y i , r ) s u t u r ( t n . s p . ; m a l e h y p o p y g i u r r r . f i .
Litttottirr ((lerutrcntyial graciliprrl1rl.rn. sp. : urrrle hvl'lopygirrrn. ll. ^4tdoclut(Orirnttrlprkt)i t t c l t t t t t e r trit . s p . ; r n a l e h y p o p v g i r u n . 1 0 . L i t t t t r o l t l t i l . , t t t t r l is, rtr t c k e t t l t r r y lni . s p . : r n a l c .
lrypcrp5'giurrr. Il. Elepltatttotttuirr(Eleplrrtttotrtyirt) pleu,rolitteaturl. sl).: nrtrle hypopygiurn. 12, ILriopteru (Eriopterrt) cclestissil)l(rrr. sp. ; rnale hypol.ry'girrrn.
(I{lpopygial sym}:ols: n, rctleagus; D, basistyle; d,, distisl,yle;g, g<lnapophysis; 1, $th torgile.)\'0L. XIII'

I"\R'I ii.

28

406

CHAIT,LES P. ALEXANDER

at apex with a long
appearing as a simple horn ; adeagus deeply bifrd, each arm
recurved.flap.
Male.-Length about 4 mm'; wing 4'6 nm'
black. Antenn* dark brown, the scapedarker : flagellar
Rostrum rrri p*lpi^shorterthan the verticils. Head' polished black : anterior
segmentslong-ov^al,vertex narrow, about twice the diameter of the scape.
pronotum and. mesonotum polished black, this colour a,lso ilrYotving thepleu'tr', i.cl*tling thedorsal pteropleurite and. anepisternun ; remainder of
ab'ulltlr' Prlishedsternopleur&, meron, ventral pteropleurite and. nretapleura
rvith co.s'pictrous
yetlow^. Halteres with stem yellowl knob very large, black,rlrsct''e .yellow,
vestiture. Legs with all coxre and trochanters yellow ; ferrora
scttr' : tibitr'e ancl
vaguely darkir at, tips, the colour obscured by scales antl
segtneutsda'k
basitarsi obscure yeil|w, the tips narrowly darker : otrter tarsill
Wi'gs (test-fig' 5)
brown ; legswith conspictrousscales,ad.ditionalto the setie.
iti'eils. irtclutling two
chiefly'dari. brown, v-ariegatedby four majol pale yell,*'
catrtltr'rlto vein '&/ ;"lo.rg costa, the first ;usi before origin oi,Rt, exteurling('to Ii')r'k of J'[' narrorved
second area triangular in outline, e"Iending fronr
rrreas.in o.ter
posteriorry ; alon! the posterior border with trv' s.raller Pirlevei. )rt,l A, this i'cltrding
end of ce\rcuadjJining vein rst Aand at mic[ength ofof rnemt'ettrtr,iuclet
parts of both urrut ."UJ; cells O ancl Sc rnorc yellowetl thrttt
at outer encl of the clarlit'r blou-n stignra,; veinsbrane, including a small spot
^yetlowin the pale areas. \-etrrrti'tr : ll, a'cl -Er*t
and macrotrichla brown,"ittltotts'.
subequal; nx-cuat fork of M ; rreir Znil A strongly(text-tig' l2)
lrr'Pop.r-girtrtr
Malc
black.
hypopygium,
Abdomen, includingrrr)e\ {i'inged with
with the tergi te, t,broad.ly proai,."a medially, thc t.u'cirtest'le. '/' tr t't'lirti'el.y shortlong setre. Dististyles two, nearly terminal ; cltrtt't'
stvle sltolter' twisted andclub, its apex with rows of abunclantspinulre; itltlcr
rvith severtr'lshort setre'angularly-bent, narrowed.to an actrte point; uPe\
phallosome with the gonapophyses,g, a,ppearingrrs sir'Ple cu'r'ecl horns, thetrrttr lotrg tlncl sletrder
long acute apicesblack-ened-./Edea guJ,'o,dl.ply tritia. etr,chwith an elongate recurved flaP.
l'l' tlf'-):i' (13'sttrckenHolotype,$, Grahamstown,cape Provitlce,octollelberg). Allotopotllqe,?,February 5, l9{13' .
cnrirtr Alexander'
The most ,i*iiu,1"regional .pl.i"* is Erioptr:rrt(l)rit'ptt:t'rr).f c-tl,t'irti'tt ,f the botlyof the eastern Transvaal, whicli differs in ati tleta,ils
hvpoPr-gitttn'
and wings and, especially,in the stluctule of thc uralc
PART II.
speciesof Tipulidre
In this second.part I have described solne interestiug
F,rest, CjathedralPeak
taken by Mr. B. Siuckenberg,chiefly in the Inc1urtietti
I atn indebted to Mr'
Area, Natal, with a few others from the Cape Proviuce'
p. Graham, who securedsorneof the i'teresting material
stuckenberg and to Mr.

THE OR,ANE }'LIES OF SOUTH AI'R,ICJAIN THE NATAL I{USEUM

407

uow under consideration. The types of the novelties have been returned fordeposition in the Natal Museum.
ll. Longurio (Longurio) stuckenbergin. s1t. Text-fig. 22.
Males fully-winged, females subapterous: antennrc short in both sexes;
wings of male brown, conspicuouslystreaked longituclina,ll.vrvit,h white : malehypopygiurn with the dististyles fused for nearly the basal half', long ancl slencler:ortter style without spines, forked at apex.
Male.-Length about l0-ll rnm.; wing lo.5-ll nlrn.: antenna about
1 . 5m m .
Female.-Length about 8.i-r-9mrn.; wing 2 mru.
Male.-Frontal prolongation of head relatively long, nearly erpal to lenrainder of head ; nasus short ancl broacl to scalcel.y indica,ted, rvith rrnrrsrrally
strong black setre; prolongation grey above, light brown on sitles : palpi black.
Antennre short, brown to brownish black, ll-segmented: flagellal segmentswith short verticils. Heacl light gre;l, with yague indications of a, capillar';'darker line on vertex: r'ertical tubercle low, directed forward o\rer the antennalbases,the apex obtuse to truncate.
Pronotal scutum grel, scutellunr yellow. Mesonotal prrescutumwith margins
light grey, the disk with four brown stripes, the intermediate pair darker onanterior half, the posterior parts a,nclthe broad lateral stripes paler brown ;posterior scleritesof notum light grey, parascutella yellow. Pleura and pleurotergite clear light grey; dorsopleural rnembrane more yellowed. Haltereselongate, stern brownish yellow, knob infuscated. Legs with the coxre andtrochanters clear grey ; femora reclclishbrown, gradtrally darkened otrtwaldly.
the tips brownish black ; tibire brown, passing into black ; tarsi black; claws
small and simple ; legs of male distinctly longer and rnore slender than those of
the female. Wings normal, dark brown, conspicuouslystreaked longitudinallys'ith whitish, most of the pale colour being on the central third of wing, r'irtuallv
reachingthe apex in cells,Euand Mt i further white stripes in cells Cu and lst A,
rvith a small prestigmal spot ; white areasin all outer medial cells ; r'eins brown.
]facrotrichia on veins RB, fi4+b, Mr, M, and Mr. Venation; fis longer thanfrr*, : Ry2 entire ; cell Mrvariable in size, from subequal to about twice its
petiole ; cell Ist Mrlarge, subequalto or exceedingvein Mrbeyond it, with tn-clL
just before mid-length of vein Msn+: cell 2nil A n&rrow basally, rnore broadenedon outer half.
Abdomen grey, the basal tergites nrore yellowish grey ; basal sternites palebrou-n, succeedingones darker ; hypopygiunr brownish yellow. Male hypopygitrrn (text-tig. 22) with the tergite, t, suberect, transverse,the posterior bordernearlv tnrncate, the median area farther produced into two srnall lobules,
separated by u tiny median notch ; surface of tergite with long setrescatteredover rnuch of the surface,lacking on the cephalic fourth. I3asistyle,b, elongate,sirnple. Dististyles, d, long and slender, nearly two-thirds as long as the basi-

408

CHARLES P. ALEXANDER,

in lengthstyle, fused on nearly the proximal half, the outer free parts subequala,nd.more or less oppo.ubf" to appear chelate : outer style without blackened
spines,as are to*rIlott in the g"ttr,*, conspicttouslyforked near-apex' 'lEdeagus'o, fro^ a complex phallosome,the free portion long and slentler.
Iemnle.-Differs conspicuouslyfrom the male in the subaptelotts condition
and.the shorter legs. Antenna apparently with the outer trn'oor tlrree segtlrents
more or less fusef,. Wings long and. narrow, the outer half more expanded;
general coloration dark brown; venation qlite distorted.
Holotupe,J, Grahamstown,cape Prt-lvince,March :J0, l1)5:|([1. strrclien" Assot.r'pt"
t'ith
I
'36',
Paratopohlpes,2Q,
typ".
berg). AliotopotAPe,?,with"--li- Sttrclienl)erg.
ciatld with tfre ptant Et,qtropap'pusrhinocerotis
to rt'hotn
The present hy is deiical"alo the collect,or,Mr. lJ. Sttrcketrlret'g.
much of our ,"."it knowledgeof the crane-fliesof Natal is chrt'. StrPerficiallv,
tliffers in
the fly is much like Longuri,ojonesa(Alexandcr), of Zulrtla,ntt,s'liichandthe elongate antennreof lhe rnale and in all cletailsof colora,tiotr.r-ctrtt,tiotr,
structnre of the tnale hypopygiuut.
'l'c\t-lig' l;'altiart:a11.sP.
(1'riclrcdolichopeza)
12. Dolichopezahearl andSize mediurn (wing, male, f .i-rmm.) ; general cololu,tiott.t'elkrtr'.
stlipetl u'ith
mesonotumpatterned with brown; pleura.yellow, cotrsl'licttottslv
cle&mbrown ; wings with a brownish tinge, pattcrned with clrrllierirritl u-itlt
f<I:kscoloured areas ; abunclant macro[richiu itt outer u'ing cc'lls: nletlial
themoderately deep; male hypopygium with thc ninth telgite highlv archc'd,
withposterior Uord", narrowly ,turgit.d with black; r'eutra,llctlse t'onrplete,rnore
lrltr,cketlecl,
i, ,.o* of spines; outer dirtirtyt" snall; inner style nrnssivt'.
or less trilobed.
Male.-Length about I mm.; wing 9.5 tnm.; atttettltatrlrotttiJ ttttlt.
Ferruale.-Lengthabout l0-10'l-rmYn.; wing l0-ll llrrlr.
Frontal proloigution of head. light yellow, narrou'h' tlalketretl la,terally ;segttreut'n&susd.istinct, with long yellow setae; palpi obscure yello$-. tet'tttitrtrl
blackened.. Antennre ."I"iiv"ly short ; scape ancl pecliccl cletrl liglrt vellow ;tlecreasbasalflagellarsegmentsbrownishblack, the tips restrictctllv vcllou-.thisllecorniug
irg in amount on the outer segments,beyond.thc thirtt or l'ottrth
bftts'tr ilt'c&son sides
un"iformlybrownish black. H"u,d yellow, with conspictrorts
yellorv ; aof the p6shrior vertex, the broad central area anrl rlrlffo\t' orbits
vertex.
srnall brownish black spot adjoining the eye on side of the Poste'i<-rr
pronotal scutum yilo*, with three brown &reas,scrttelltttrtrllore yellowed.
prrcsctttum
Mesonotumbuffy yeiltw, conspicuouslypatterned rvith tlir,r'kllrown ;by brownish
with three dark"brown stripe., th" median one extensivelv tlivided
brown :
yellow, entire at posterior end; humeral region variegated with paler
atlentral area of ,.ntrr*, most of scutellum and the nrecliotergite excepting
dorsally'
the sides greyish testaceous; pleurotergite chielly pale, infuscatedTHE CRANE FLIES OF SOITTH AFRICA IN THE NATAL MUSETTN{

409

Pleura yellow, conspicuouslystriped with dark brown, the dorsal stripe extending from above the fole cox& to the pteropleurite, lower stripe frorn the fore
.u-*u across the d.orsa,lsternopleurite ; an additional dark mark on the dorsal
pteropleurite beneath the rving root. Halteireswith stenl duskv. pale at base,incrb clark brown, the orrtel half u'hitenecl. I-,egswith the fore coxrc darkened,
renraining coxr and trochanters yellow, the latter rvith a tltr,rk spot otr lower
strrface: fernora obscrrreyellorv; the tips clark brown ; tibire'1ltr,lelrrown, tips
scarcerlyclarkened; tarsi brou'n. \4lings rvith a brorvnish tinge, pattenled rvith
4arke1 brown alcl creilnr-colourerlareas : stigma oval, clark brclrvtl: lltl,l'l'o\\'llr.on'nseanlson anteri<lrand posterior corcls: space llehintl veitr t"tt dttskv :ccrrrspicuouspale &reil,sbr,firre and beyond stigrna ancl across the firll< of -tll :itr otttt't'
vcins dark brown, pn,lein thc olllitera,tiveareas. Abundant tnacrot,richitr,
errrlsof cells Rz fu; -41n,inclusive. \renation I Rvz weakly preserved: nrettitrl
for.lis nrocleratelycleep, cell ,1f, allorrt one-lta,lflonger than its petiole: nt-(tlirlrotrt one-half its length before the for'l<of M.
Abclonen bicolorrretl, tergites clark brown at ends, the broacl central
ring yellou,, this beconring narro\4'eron the outer segtnents,the subterrrliualones infirscated: sternites lnole estensively yellow, their bases narrovt'lY
rlalkencd: hypop"vgiunrobsc:ure),ellorv. Nlale h.ypopygiunr(text-fig. ll-r) with
the ninth tergite, l, archetl,the posterior ]rorclernarrowly margined with black,the lateral enclsof the plate with a f'eu' spines: r,entral ledge rvith a complete
rou'of spines.thc lateral cnds enlargedand with more abundant crowded sllines.
Outer dististyle, d, srnall, dusky, about three tirnes as long as broad : innerst.r'lernassive,blackened.rnoreor lesstrilobecl,v'ith paired outer lobesatrcla Yer'.v
eonspicuouserect basal one. Sheath of rcleagus moderately dilated.
Ilolotry,pe,.J, Tnrhrnreni Forest, ('athedral Peak Area, Natal, February 3.
195.+(B. Stuckenbele). Allotopotllpe,?. Paratopotypo,?.
Readily told fr'ortr other generally sirnilal species,sttcJr as Doliehopeza(7'rtchodoliclrcpeza)
centrosonte,
rt. sp., by the stlucture of the rnale hypupygium.

13. DolicltoTteza(Trichodolich.opeza)catherlralisn.sp.

Text-figs. I6-17.

Size relativel.ysnrall (wing, 8.5 mm.) : mesonotumgrey, with a broad dark
bron'n central stripe orl prrcscrrtum,pleura buffy grey, with an inconspicuous
pale brown pattern : wings gre;l, stignra dark brown; macrotrichia in outerends of cells ft3, Rs ancl X[r: intermediate abdominal tergites yellow, theposterior borders lrrownish bltr,ck: nrale hypopygiurn with the outer d.ististvle
Iong and slencler: inner stvle relatively narrow, the beak short and stout, wibh
trn'oconspicuousdarkened lobes.
Male.-Length aborrt ll mm.: wing 8'5 mm.: antenna about 2'5 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head light yellow on dorsal half, brorvnish black
beneath: nasus srnall but evident, with long black setre: palpi light brown,darker outwardly. Antennre with scapeand pedicel very light yellow, flagellum

410

CHAR,LES P. ALEXANDNR

black; segments in male longer than the verticels. Head brownish grey,
virtually unpatterned or with the orbits slightly clearer grey ; vertical tubercle
produced cephalad, with long black setreon sides.
Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotal prrescutum with the restricted ground
greY, with a broad dark brown central stripe and poorly indicated lateral ones ;posterior sclerites of notum chiefly dark brown. Pleura light buffy grey,
extensively patterned with light brown on the anepisternum, r-entral sternopleurite and meron, the pattern conspicuous. Halteres with stem obscureyellow, clearer basally, knob brownish black, with the apex narrowlv andvaguely pale. Legs with the coxa and trochanters pale ; femora brown,
vaguely pale basally ; tibire and tarsi brownish black, the extreme base of theformer pale. Wings with a faint grey suffusion, variegated by the conspicuous
dark brown stigma, which is preceded and followed by more u'hitenecl are&s:
narrow slightly darker seams along cord ; veins clark. Iielatir-el.y sparse
macrotrichia in outer ends of cells fir, Ru and Mr. \renation : No trace of l,ein
Rr*r; medial forks relatively deep, cell M, about three ancl a half tinres its
petiole ; nx-cunearly its length before fork of M.
Abdominal tergites yellow, the incisures, especially the posterior borders of
the segments,brownish black, more extensiveon outer segnrents,on the sixth toeighth uniformly blackenedto form a ring; basal sternites more extensively
yellow, the posterior margins darkened; hypop)'giunr brog'nish yellow. Male
hypopygium (text-fig.. 16, l?) with the ninth tergite. 1. having the dorsal ledge
narrowly blackened,smooth, the margin vaguely trilo|e{. on either side wiChlong sete ; ventral armature with the lateral lobes slbtriangular, with shortstout blackened pegs, these interconnected beneath as a single row. Outerdististyle, d,, long and slender, at least six or se\-entinres or iorg as broad;
inner style about as figured, relatively narrow, the berrks5o1tand stout with alarge blackenedlobe near its base,with a secondclar.kenerl
lobe near.erbaseof
style. Sheath of redeagusonly moderately cler.elopecl.
Holotype, J, Indumeni Forest, Cathedral I'eak Area. Natal. Februarv 3.
1954(B. Stuckenberg).
The fly differsfrom variousother regionalspeciesthat are llroreor lesssiprilar,
inclrrding Dolichopeza(TrichodolicltoTteza)alttat'({t. 1L sl).. cSiefl.r-i1 the very
distinct male hypopygium.
14. Dolichopeza(Trichod,olichopeza)
centroso?rio
n. sp.

Text-fig. lg.

size relatively-larg9 (wing, male, l0 mm.) r general coloration yellow, theprescutum with four dark brown stripes ; pleura ancl pleurotergite uniformlv
yellow; wings tinged with brown, stigma darker, obliterative areasrelatively
small and inconspicuous; medial forks moderately long : nralehypop.ygiumwitir-urpr.iallythe tergal armature very heavily blackenea ana conspicuour,theventral arms and a shield-shapedcentral mass,

THE CRANE FLIES OF SOIITH AFR,ICA IN THE NATALMUSEUM

4II

Male.-Length about 9'l-rmm.; wing l0 mm.; antenna about 3 mrn.
X'rontal prolongation of head vellow above, including the conspicuous
nasus, the lower half dark brown ; patpi black. Antennre with the scape andpedicel light yellow; proximal flagellar segments vaguely bicoloured, darkbrown, thc tips narrowly reddened, beyond the fourth segment uniformly
clarkened; verticils shorber than the segrnents. Head with the front and low
vertical tubercle yellow ; posterior vertex narrowly pale medially, the sides
broadl,y more ora,ngebrown.
Prnnotal scutum dark brown medially, yellow on sides ; scutellum atrd
pretergites pale yellow. Mesonotal prrescutum buffy, with four dark brorvtl
stripes, the intermediate pair narrow, widened in front, very attenuated behind,separatedby a median vitta that is slightly wider than the stripes at the posterior
end : scutum obscureyellow medially, the lobes chiefly dark brown ; scutellum
and central area of the mediotergite obscure yellow, the sides broadly browtr.
Pleura nnd pleurotergite, together with the dorsopleural metnbrane, unifortnlY
yellow. Halteres infuscated, the base of stem narrowly yellow. Legs with thecox& and trochanters yellow; fenrora obscure yellow, the tips narrowly
brownish black ; tibire brown, the tips rlarkened : tarsi brownish black. Wings
tinged with brown, the pre-arcnlar and costal fields more yellowed; stigma
ov&I, darker brown ; pale areas before and beyond stigrna and at fork of M
relatir.eh' small a4d indistinct ; veins dark brown, paler in the brighteneda,reas. Macrotrichia of outer wing cells abundant. Venation: Rr*z weakly
preserved : rnedial forks of ntoderate length, cell M t a little lessthan three times
its petiole.
Abdomen yellow, rather poorly patterned with brown, more conspicuously
so on the outer segments, the darkenings of the segments chiefly basal, on theouter segments with additional apical darkening, restricting the ground ;hypopygium yellow, the appendagesblack. Male hypopygium (text-fig. 18)
with the armature of the ninth tergite, f , greatly developed,especiallythe ventral
arlns which are large, heavily blackened and set u'ith numerous obtuse
blackened pegs ; in the centra,l part of the genital chamber hanging pendantfrom thc rnidporbion of the dorsal plate is a blackened depressedshield-shaped
structure that bears a single blunt tooth or tubercle. Outer dististyle, d, pale,
relatively long, approximately five or six times as long as broad ; inner style asimple arcuate blade, the concave lower portion heavily blackened, the margin
crenulate or provided with blunt teeth, the most basal of which are large andobtuse ; outer part of style yellowed.
Holotype, J, Grahamstown, Cape Province, October 24, 1953 (8. Stuckenberg).
Most similar to species such as Dolichopem, (Trichodolichopeza)aurantiaca
Alexander, differing in the coloration of the body and wings, and especially inthe structure of the male hypopygium. Particular attention is directed to themedian tergal armature, as described and figured,

412

CIIAR,LES P. ALEXANDETT,

chaka n. sp. Text-figs. 13, 19.
15. Dolichopeza(Trichodolichopeza)
Sizerelatively large (wing I I mnr. or more) ; mesonotalprrescutumwith threebrown stripes, the posterior scleritesand pleura yellow, the latter unpatterned ;wings tinged with brown, stigma dark brown : macrotrichia of outer wing cells
moderately abundant; medial frrrks deep; rnale hypopygiurn with both
dististyles acute at tips.
Male.-Length about f)'5-10mm.: u'ing ll-ll'5 mm.
Female.-Length about I l- I 2 rnnt.: wing I l-l l'5 mm.
Frontal prolongation of hearl yellou' ; nasusshort and stout, with long black
setre; palpi brownish black. Antenna. with the scape and pedicel yellou',flagellum black ; flagellar segmentslongel tltan the verticils. Head with thefront testaceous,the low vertical tubercle light 1'ellou-: posterior part of head
chiefly darkened,the orbits and a vague cetrtral line light grey.
Pronotum yellowish brov'n, somewhat darker rnedially. Mesonotal prresctttum with three vague, more or less confluent brown stt'ipes. the humeral andcephalic portions more yellowed ; posterior scleritesof notuttr nrol'eyellowetl,
in casesslightly infuscated. Pleura and pleurotcrgite obscurevellou'. Haltereswith stem dusky, paler at base, knobs more infuscatecl,ptr,lerin the allotype.
Legs with all coxre and trochanters yellow ; fentora r-ellou'ish brown, the tips
passinginto black ; tibire and tarsi brown ; femoral-tibial gentravery narrowly
pale ; claws (male) with about three strong basal spittes. \\'ings (text-fig. 13)
tinged with brown, the costal and outer cells darker : stigma dark brown,
precededand followed by whitened areas ; obliterative aleit acrossthe fork of
M rclatively small a,nd inconspicuous; very nalro\\' btrru-tt se&mson cord :veins brown. Relatively restricted macrotrichia in orttet't'tlds of cells Rs, R5,
M, andLnd,M, (their position indicated by stipplitg). \-enation : Medial forks
deep, eeTlM, approximately three to four times its petiole: /li-r?f allout onehalf its length before fork of M.
Abdomen variegated obscure yellow and mecliunr brou'n, the basesof thesegments darkened, the broad tips yellow; subtenninal segments more
uniformly darkened : hypopygium obscure yellou'. Ila,le hvpopygiurn (textfig. 19) differing in structure from all previously cle-"cribetltnentbers of thesubgenus,relatively large and tumid, especially on tlte ventral portion. Ninthtergite, l, with the narrow dorsal plate unequally trilotred, the lateral lobes
conspicuous,the central one very low; margins virtuull;' strtooth,setresmall
and insignificant ; lateral arms broad, semiovalin orrtline,u'ith numerousshort
blackened pegs. Dorsal edge of basistyle, b, with strong setatr.Both dististyles,d, pointed at tips,of somewhatsimilar shape,the larger outer style with the apicalpoint shorter. Sheath of redeagus,a, large and conspicttous,blackened, protruding from the genital charnber. Ninth sternite below tlte redeaguswith two setal
pencils.

THE CRANE FLIES OF SOUTH AFR,ICA IN THE NATAL MTISEUM

4I3

Holotqpe,.J, fndumeni X'orest,Cathedral Peak Area, Natal, February i].
1954(B. Sbuclienbcrg).
AllotopotApe,?.Paratopotypes,ld, I ?.
Dolichopeza(Trichod,olichopeza)chalcais most similar to D. ('I'.) aurantia,crr
Alexanderand someothers,differing decisivelyin the structure of the rnale
Itvpopygium. This is the only member of the subgenusso fi,r describerlin
which both dististylesare acutely pointedat tips.
16. Dolichopeza(Trichodolichopeza)
dorsoTtrojecta
n. sp. Text-fig. 20.
Size rnetlium (wing, male, 9'5 rnm.) : mesonotal prrescuturn buffy, w'ith
three na,rrow bt'ou'n stripes ; pleura obscureyellow, unpatternecl: heatl light
grey, va,riegatedwith clarker on sides of the posterior vertex : basal flagellar
segtnerntsnarrowly pale at tips : wings with brolvn, the stignta clarl<brown :rtracrotrichitl of wing cells nurnerous: r'ein llr*, preservecl: nredial forks
sha,llorv: male hypop.vgium with the ventrolateral prolongrltion of the tergite
producecldorsally into a long slender rocl : outer dististyle \rery snrall, inner.
style cornpact.
Male.-Length about ll'i-rrnm.: wing g.li mm.
Fernale.-Length about g mm.: wing l0 mm.
Frontal prolongatio' of heatl light yellow Abo'e, slightly darker beneath :ltrtstlsttrocleratelVlong, with long yellow setre: palpi liglrt broyt-r,the teplinal
segment blackened. Antennre of moderate length ; scape antl pedicel light
Yellow, basal two flagclla,rsegmentsclark brown rvith the extreme tips paler tollrotlrtce a very va,guellicoloreclappearance,onter segrnentsblack : flagellar
segmentslonger than the verrticils. Front and anterior rrertexyellow. the verticalt,trllercleshallowly notchecl: posterior part of head light brown, r'ariegatecl
u'ith darkel on sides.
T)ronoturnobscureyellow, narrorvly dark brown above and on sides. Mesonotal prresctrttrnrwith the restricted ground buffy, with three ltarrow br.ou,nstripes : central region of scntum and base of scutcllunr pale, the r.ernaincler
lrrou'n : rnediotergite yellow on central portion, the sides pale brown, nlol.e
expancleclbehincl, pleurotergite pale. Pleura obscure yellow, without pattern.
propleura darker : clorsopleuralmembrane clearer yellow. Halteres with sten.ryellow, knob infuscated, the apex narrowly pale. Legs with the coxp and trochanters .yellow, fbre coxr a little darker; remainder of legs brown, tarsi
llassing into black; claws small, simple. \4rings with a brownish tinge, thelarge stigma dark brown, with narrow paler brown seams on anterior ancl
posterior cords ; obliterative areas before and beyond stigma and across forkof M conspicuous; veins brown, pale in the obliterative areas. Macrotrichia ofcells numerous and well distributed, from cell ,8, to Mr, inclusive. Venation:.Esoblique; Rr,, distinctlv preserved,pale yellow; medial forks in type maleshallow, cell M, subequalto its petiole ; m-al about one-third its length before
forkof M. fn the female, rnedial forks d littt" cleeper,cell Mrnearly twice its
petiole.

4L4

CHARLES P. ALEXANDER

Abdomen bicoloured, yellow, the segmentsringed with brown, broadest on
the bases, very narrow on the posterior margins, the broacl intermediate ringof the yellow ground : hypopygium yellow, styli blackened. Male hypopygium(text-fig. 20) with the tergal plate, f, blackened, with a rounded emargination,
the lateral angles very strongly produced ; ventrolateral portions unique, themain body enlarged, pendant,,as normal in the subgenus,but with & lnore
slender elongate arnr that juts dorsad to beyond the level of the tergal plate :all parts with abundant black spinoid pegs. Outer dististyle, d, unttsually small,appearingas a short darkenedclub, its length only about three tinresthe greatest
width ; inner style black, suboval in outline and unusually conrptr,ct.Sheath of
redeagusvery short, near its basewith a pair of flattened lobes that are provided
with densedark coloured setre.
Holol,ype,J, Indumeni Forest, Catheclral Peak Area, Nt-ltal, February 3,
1954(B. Stuckenberg). Allotoptotype,?.
patternofhead and the retention of vein Rr*r.
ofthenaturetheIn thepicticepsAlexander.
the present fly agreeswith Dolichopeza(Tricltodoliclrctpeztt)
hypopygium
which in all other regardsis a very distinct fly. The details <-r1'theof the present fly are peculiar and distinctive.
paruistyla n. sp. Text-figs. 14, 2I.
17. Dolichopeza(Trichorlolichopeza)
Size small (wing, male, about 8 mn.) ; mesonottrrnliglrt brou'n, the prrescutum with four dark brown stripes ; pleura yellow, patterned with medium
brown ; knob of halteres dark brown ; rvings pale brou'nish grel, stigma
darker brown : macrotrichia of cells very reduced, inclucling about six in theouter end of cell J?.,; medial forks moderately deep, cell JI, nearly three times
its petiole ; intermediate abdominal tergites with the baseblown, a,pexyellow ;male hypopygium with the outer dististyle short : inner st.vleproduced into along beak that bears two acute apical spines : no lobes t-rnl-rasalpart of style.
Male.--+ength about 7'5 mm.: wing 8'l mnt.
Frontal prolongation of head above light yellou'. u-hite pruinose. the sides
and lower surface dark brown ; nasns very short. u'ith long pale setre; palpi
black. Antennre with scapeand pedicel yellow: fla,gelltrrnbroken. Front andanterior vertex light yellow ; posterior part of head light grey, infuscated oneither side of the posterior vertex, leaving ground areason orbits and as a central
line : anterior vertex broad, approximately fotrr times the diameter of the scape.
Pronotum yellow, the central area of the scutum dark brown. Mesonotal
prrescutum light brown, with four dark brown stripes, the intermediate pair
only vaguely separated; humeral region slightly darkened; scutum narrowly
pale on central portion, lobes brown ; posterior sclerites of notum brown,
sparsely pruinose, the base of the scutellum with two small darkened spots.
Pleura and pleurotergite, including dorsopleural membrane, yellow, patternedwith medium brown on the ventral parts of anepisternum, sternopleurite andTHE CR,ANE FLIES OF SOUTH AFRICA IN TIIE NATAL MUSEUM

4I5

meron. Halteres with stem obscure yellow, brighter at base, knob dark brown.
L"g* with the coxreand trochanters yellow, fore coxe a little darker ; remainderof legs broken. Wings (text-fig. 14) pale grey, the costal border more yellowed
most conspicuous as prestigmal and poststigmal brightenings ; stigma oval,
darker brown ; obliterative area on disk conspicuous; veins brown, paler in theyellow areas. Macrotrichia of cells very reduced in number, including about six
in cell .Bu,chiefly near outer end (their position indicated by stippling) ; stigma
glabrous. \'enation : Bs relatively long, oblique, exceedingthe basal section of
fin*u; no trace of l?r*r; medial forks moderately deep, cell M, nearh'threetinres its petiole ; nl,-cuabout two-thirds its length before fork of M.
Abdominal tergites variegated dark brown and obscure yellow ; basal
tergite dark brown, the lateral border pale ; intermediate tergites dimidiate,
the base brown, apex yellow, on the outer segments the dark colonr more
extensive ; hypopygium pale. Male hypopygium (text-fig. 2l) with the ninth
tergite, l, small, the central dorsal plate gently emarginate, blackened, with
scattered setre but without spines ; ventral arm extensive, the lateral lobe
narrowed to a point, spinoid pegs numerous. Outer dististyle, d, short, only
about four or five times as long as broad, setre longer than the width of thestyle ; inner style pale, produced into a long beak that bears two acute spines
on the lower margin at apex ; near base of prolongation with a low darkened
Iobe, the extensive basal part of style unarmed, but provided with denseshortyellow setulm and fewer scattered pale setr Sheath of redeagusrelatively short,and not especiallydilated.
Holotype, j, fndumeni Forest, Cathedral Peak Area, I{atal, Febnrary 3,
1954(R. Stuckenberg).
Readily told from other tnembers of the subgenus by the very small size,
great reduction in nutnber of macrotrichia of the cells, and the structure of themale hypopygium, particularly the tergite and dististyles.
18. N ephrotomaedward,siAlexander.
Nepltrotomaedu'ardsiAlexantler, l9l7;
I ion).

Ann. S. Afr. Ifrrs., vol. 17: l?3-17-1,pl. 19, fig.3;i (r'ena-

The type was from Barberton, Transvaal. fnchanga, Natal, March 24, lg51
(8. Stuckenberg); Hilton Road, near Pietermaritzburg, Natal, February lgbO
(P. Graham).
Wings with the stigmal trichia very reduced in number.
19. Tipuln (Acutipula) grahami n. sp. Text-fig. 23.
Allied to znmbeziensis; halteres obscure yellow, knob infuscated ; malehypopygium with the tergal lobes relatively small, only slightly diverging,separated by t notch that is fully as wide as the lobe itself ; inner dististvle

416

CHAR,LES P. ALEXANDER

with the beak relatively short and stout, only moderately produced ; notch ofninth sternite with two groups of setreon either side.
Male.-Length about 16 mm.; wing l5 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head yellow, with abundant short black setre,
longer on the conspicuousnasus; palpi brown, paler at the iucistrres.Antennm
Iyoken at rnidlength, of moderate length, if entire scarcelyreaching the wingroot ; scapeyellow, perlicel brownish yellow; flagellum dark brown : verticils
a little shorter than thc segments.I{ead obscureyellorv : postantettnalirtrpressionsbrown, conspicuotts.
Thorucic dorsum yeilow, bbe prnscubum wibh fottt" lllore orenge-yellou'
stripesthat are scarcelydelinriteclfrom the ground ; posteriorseleritesand pleura
clear yellow : surfacc of thorax glabrous. Halteres with stetll oltscttreyellow,
clearer at base,knob infuscated. Legs with the coxr anrl txrclta,ntersyellow ;
lrln,ckened: tibirc
femora obscureyellou', the tips narrowly but conspicrrorrsly
browni-*hyellou', the tips blackened; tarsi passinginto brou'rtishblack : claws(rnale)with a single strong tooth. Wings broacl,tingerl u'ith pale brorvn, thecostal llorder anclespeciallycell ,Sccleareryellow : stigrttasrttilll.pale brownish
yellow : veins brown, more yellowed in the brightened areas. \'eins beyond
cord rrnusually glabrous\ RE+swith a long seriesof trichia. Venation : r?saborrt as long as the steepnt-cu i Rz+sa little longel than Rr*r.
Abdolrcn yellow, the tergites with conspicttottsstriltes, thc lateral pairnearly continuous,the median one distinct on orttet'half of organ ; subterminal
brownish yellow.
segmentsuniformly blackened to form a ring : h.vl,rop.vgium
but with the rlettr,ilsdistinct. Ninth
Ma,lehypopygium most as in zambeziensis
tergite (text-fig. 23,f) with the lobessmall, only slighth' <livergent,separatedby
a notch that is fully as wide as the lobe itself. Outer tlististyle nruch as inzambezie.nsfs; inner style with the beak relativelv sltort atrrl stottt, only moderatel.y producerl, the tip broadly obtuse; lower berrk ltarro\r-.its upper edge
clarkened; on face of style with further lolres or bltttles. Nirtth sternite with
two groups of setreon either sicle,the outer seriesfrottt a lon- t'otrnrletllobe, theposterior group tltore compact. Eighth sternite tttrartrled.
Holotype, 6, Hilton Road, near Pieternraritzburg. Ntrtal. ,fanuarY l95f)(P, Graham).
Tipula (Acutigtuta)graham,iis named in honour nf the collector of this andother interesting crane-fliesin South Africa. T. (A) zanilnziensistvas describedfrom a specimentaken nea,rthe Victoria Falls, Southem Rhodesia: a paratype
female that was assignedto this species(from Krantz Kloof. Natal, ,fanuary,lglS, taken by Marley) presumably refers to the present fl,1',but the specimen
is no longer available to me for re-examination.
20. Heratomn (Eriocera)prepositon. sp.
Size large (wing, 14 mm.) ; antennm (male) very long, exceedingtwice thebody length; mesonotal prrescutum light gre/, with four conspicuous darkTHE CRANE FLIHS OF SOUTH AFRICJAIN THE NATAL MUSEUM

4I7

brown stripes,interspaceswith long erect pale setre; legs obscureyellow, thetips of the fernora, tibize and basitarsi blackened; rvings relatively narrow,weakly tinged with yellow; stigma and narrow scamso\rer the veins brorvtt:
vein .Bonearly its own length before fork ; cell Id M, narrowly rectangulardark browu.
abdomenbrownishyellow, the first ancl the outer two s;egrnents
Mak:.-Length about l0 mm.;wing about 14 rnm.;antenna,about 25 rnnr.
Rostrum brownish yellow : palpi black. Antennrc (male) very lotrg, morc
than twice the body ; scapeenlarged,brownish yellow ; pedicel very small ;first flagellarsegmentbrownishyellow at base,darkenedoutwardly, the remaining segmentsblack : flagellar segmentsvery elongate-cylindrical,with strong
emergencebristlesthat becomefewer and rveakeron the ottter segrnents.Hearl
light brown, pnrinose; r'erbicaltuberclc\rerylargeand bulbous,entire,yellowish
brou'n, with a pair of confluent dark brown spots at sumtttit.
Pronotum brown. Mesonotalprrescutumlight gref, with four conspicuous
tlalk brown stripes.the intermediatepair narrowly confluetrtbehind ; thoracic
interspaceswith long erect pale setre; scutunrdarkened,ntore ol lesspnrinose;
scutellum testaceous,pminose ; mediotergite brownish yellow on cetrtra,lportion, dark brown on sides; mecliotergiteand pleurotergitewith long erectmetnbranebuffy.
white setre. Pleura dark, heavily grey pruinose; dorsopletrra,lHa,ltereswith stem yellow, knob dark brown. Legs with the coxre a,nrltrochanters obscureyellow : femora and tibire obscttreyellow, thc tips black ;basitarsibrownishyellow, passinginto black ; remainderof tarsi black. Wings
relatively narrow, &s conrparedwith turnidiscapa,with a weak yellow tinge ;ct lls f' ancl Sc a trifle darkenerl; stigma small, brown ; narrorv ancl inconspicrrousbrown seamsover most of the veins, especiallyconspicuousin the
raclial field. Venation : Rz nearly its orvn length before fork ; cell lst M,
narrowly rectangular.
Abclomen brownish yellou', the first segment darker brown; outer two
segnrents,incluclingthe small hypupygitttrt,dalk brown.
Holotype, a broken d, Indumeni l'orest, Cathedral l'cak Arca,, Natal,
Fcbruary 3, 1954(8. Stuckenberg).
Tlre most similar regional species is llexotomct (Erioeera) tumidiscupa
Alexander, ranging from Liberia and t,he Ivot'v Coa,stto Nyasalantl, which isdistinguished by thc coloration of thc body ancl wings and by thc vcnation.

2I. Elepltantomtlia(Elephantornyia)oualistigma n. sp.
Size rnediun (wing. female, 0'5 mm. ) ; ger"reralcoloration darli brown,
posterior thoracic pleurites paler; antennre black: lcgs brown : wings with awea,k brownish tinge, stigma broadly oval, darker brorvtr ; ,9c, encling about
opposite four-fifths the length of .Es ; cell R, at rnargin about three-fourths as
extensive as cell .Ilo.

418

CIIAR,LES P. ALEXANDER
Trxr-rrcs. l3-93.

T;1ri.......:1.

I

t

, t

rr.J

20

21

1
22

13. Dolichopteza (Tri'cltod.oliehopezal chalca n. sp.; venation.
14. Doliehopezu (Trichod,olichapezal parvistykt' n. sp. ; venation.
15. Doliclwpeza (Trichod,olichapezal akiq,rca n. sp. ;male hypopygigm:
16. Dolichopeza (Trichad,ol,iclwpezal cathed,ralis n.sp. ; male hypopygium.
17. Dolichopeza (Trichodoliclrcpezal cathedralis n. sp. ; ninth tergite.
lC. Dot;chopeza (Trichad,oliclrcpeza) centrosoru,, n. sp. ; male hypopygium.
lg. Dolichapeza,(Trichodolichnpezal cha,ka n. sp.; male hypopygium.
20. Dolichnpeza (Trichod,olichopeza) d'orsoprojectan. sp. ; male hypopygium.
21. Dolichapeza (Triclwdnlichopezal pawistyla n. sp.; male hypopygium.
22. Longurio (Longurio) sttnkenbergi n. sp. ; malo
hypopygium.
23. Tiptla, (Acutipulal grahnmd n. sp. ; male hypopygium.
(Hypopygial symbols : a, redeagus ; b, basistylo 3 d,, dististylo ;l, 9th tergite.)THE ORANE FLIES OF SOUTH AFRICA IN THE NATAL MUSEUM

4I9

Female.-Length, excludingrostrum, about 6'5 mm.; wing 6'5 mm.; rostrum about 4 mm.
Rostrunr moderately long, nearly two-thirds the wing, black ; palpi
relatively conspicuous.Antennreblack throughout ; flagellarsegmentscylindrical, with elongateverticils. Head grey; anterior vertex narrow, about twothirds as wide as the diameter of the sca,pe.
Pronotum and mesonotumchiefly dark brown, the lateral endsof the pronotal
scutellum,medianregionof scutum and the scutellumtestaceousbrown. Pleura
anteriorly dark brown, the ventral sternopleurite,metapleuraand pleurotergite
paler. Halteres with stem pale, knob infuscated. Legs with the fore coxre
infuscated, remaining cox& testaceousyellow ; trochanters yellow ; remainderof legs brown, virtually uniform throughout. Wings with a weak brorvnish
tinge, the basemore yellowed; stigma broadly oval, darker brown ; veins pale
brown, more brownish yellow in the pre-arcnlarfield. Venation : ^Scrnoderately
long, 8c, enclingabout oppositefour-fifths the length of .Rs,,Sc,a short distancefr"orn its tip ; branches of -Es parallel for more than the basal half, thence
gradually cliverging, cell R, at nrargin about threc-fourths as extcnsivc as cellat,least one-third its length beyond
Rz; cell lsf M rshoft,erthan vein M E; n?,-cu
the fcrrk of M.
Abdomen dark brown, the sternitesa trifle paler'. Ovipositor with the cerci
very long and slender,nearly straight ; hypovalvre also long and straight but
stouter.
Ilolotplpe,?, Saint Helier Estate, near Hillcrest, Natal, Dcccnrbcr20, 195-1(B. Stuckenberg).
(Elepltantomyia)
The most similar regional speeiesinclude Eleph,antornyict
luteipennis
Alexanderand E.(8.) montanaAlexander,which differ in the coloration of the body and wings anclin the venation,especiallythe courseand extent
of the outer radial veins.
I'ART III.
fn continuing the strn'ev of the Tipulidp of South Africa, particularly the
speciesoccurring in Natal, the third part deals with certain of the matenial
securedby Mr. R. Stuckenbergin the Drakensberg,particularly in the Indumenil'orest and in the CiathedralL'eak Area, and also sonrc vcry interesting forms
fronr isolatedpocketsof native forest persistingat l(ranskop and in the Town
Bush at Pietermaritzburg,Natal.
qrmthlnmbicusn. sp.
22. Ctenacroscelis'Iext-fig. 28.

Generalcoloration of mesonotumbuffy, the prrescuturnwith four dark grey
stripes that are narrowly bordered by dark brown, the lateral margins more
broadly infuscated: antennre l2-segmented; tips of fernora broadly darkbrown ; claws simple ; wings obscurebrownishyellow, vaguely patterned with

420

CHAR,LES P. ALEXANDER

pale brown, rnost evident in the outer radial Iield ; cell Mrvery short-petiolate
to virtually sessile; rnale hypopygitrrn with the latoral tergal lobes bt'oad andobtuse : inner dististyle broad, especiallyjust bcyond rnidlength.
Male.-:Length about 18-20 uln. ; wing f9-23'5 nrn. ; antctura about
2'0-3'l mm.
Fenutle.-Length a,bout22 rnm. ; wing 20 mrn.; antenna about 2'5 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head a little shorter than the remainder, grcy
prtrinoseabove, infuscated on sidesand beneath ; nasuslong and conspicuotts:
palpi clarli brown. Antennrc l2-segmented, relatively short in both sexes,[rrrwn, the basal segrnentssomewhat paler brown ; flagellar segmentssttbovtll;
unproduccd; verticils very small and inconspictrotrs.Head grey prttinose, thevcrtex with two pale brown lines ; anterior vertex low and roundedPronotum brownish gre/, more infuscated medially. Mesonotal pi'ascutuur
buffy, with four dark grey stripes that are narrowly bordered by brown, thc
pale rneclianinterspace subequal to the submedian brown lines ; lateral stripes
less evid,ently bordered, lateral margin broadly clark brown, with a short yellorv
linc internally at the suture ; scutum pale, each lobe with two grey areas thatarc more or lcss distinctly bordered by brown ; posterior sclerites of notrtur
whitened, the mediotergitc with & capillary brown central vitta. Pleura
whitened, with a broad brown dorsal area cxtending frotlr the propleura tobeneath the wing root, ; ventral sternopleurite brownish grey. Halteres withstem yellow, knob infuscated. Legs with the coxre whitened; trochanters
yellow; fernora obscure yellow, the tips broadly and gradually dark brown,
nrost, extensive on fore legs, narrowest on the posterior pair ; tibire obscureyellow, the tips nalr"owly darhened; tarsi reddish brown, passing into black;Lluou*simple. Wings obscure brownish yellow, vaguely patterned with palc
l-rrown,chiefly beyond the cord in the centres of cells Rr, R, and R5, the outercnd.of cell lsf Mrandthence along vein Mrto the apex ; lessdistinct darkenings
basarl<rfcorcl, rnost,evident in cell M adjoining vein Ou anclin cell lst A; ccll(-'r1ore brorvnish yellow ; veins brownish yellow, darker brown in the patternetl
areas. Venation : -Bsshorter than celllst Mr; cell Mrshorb-petiolate to virtutr,lly sessile; rn-cu unusually far distad on Mr*^.
Abtlomen brownish yellow, the outer segments rnore infuscated : basal
tergite ancl cephalic half of ninth tergite darker ; rernainder of hypopygiurn
brcillish yellow. Male hypupygittm (text-fig. 2s) with the posterior border oftergite, t, shallowly emarginate,the lobes broad and obtuse. Outer dististyle, d,ctilated on proximal half , intr"t style broad, especially just feyond midlength,
thc apex narrow, truncate.
iototype, J, Catheclral Peak Area, I)rakensberg, Natal, 0,4(X)fb., March3'
t9-93, 1955 (B. Stuckenberg). AllotopotYpe,?. Para'topotype,albouittatus((Macquart),
The present fly is quite distinct from Ctenaeroscelis
t5e only other mcrnber of the genusat present known f rour the African ttraitrland
in the rliagnostic features listecl, especially the sirnple claws, short petiolc ofTHE CTRANE}'LIES OF SOLTTHAFRICA IN THE NATAL MUSEL'II{

421

cell M t of the wings, and the structure of the rnalehypopygiurn,especiallythetergite and inner dististyle. The specificnameis clerivedfr"- the nativ" ru-uof the Drakensberg.
23. Longurio d,rakensbergensis
n. sp. Text_figs. Zl, Zg.
Size small (wing, male, 8 ntnt.) ; generalcoloration buffy brown, the prresctrtunr with three slightly darker stripes ; antennre of male moclerately etngate,
exceeding one-third the length of wing ; wings broad, suffused with brown,
especially at base artd along costa i R*z atrophied ; nl-cu long, arcuated.:male hypopygium with the spines of the inner dististyle about ..r,err or eight innurnber, slightly recurved; redeaguslong and.conspicuous.
Male.-Length about 7'i-rmm.; wing 8 mrn.; antenna about 3.1-3.2lnm.
Frontal prolongation of head brownish yellow; nasus short and blunt;
P-alpirelatively short, brown, darker outwardly. Antennrc of male moderately
elongate, more than one-third the wing; scape and pedicel dark brown,
flagellum black; flagellar segments cylindrical, clothed with a dense whitepubescencethroughout their length; verticils scarcely differentiated from the
pubescence; terminal segment very reduced. Head brown, sparsely pruinose,
especially in front and on orbits ; vertical tubercle scarcely d.eveloped.
Pronotum medium brown. Mesonotal prrescutum buffy brown, with threesomewhat, darker brownish grey stripes that are poorly defined against
the ground; posterior sclerites of notum chiefly butry to tigtrt browri, thepostnotum more yellowed; vestiture of notum lacking or greatly reduced.
Pleura buffy yellow, the propleura, anepisternum and rrentrul rt"rr,opleulite
more brownish grey. Halteres with stem yellow, knob infuscated. Legs withthe fore coxre weakly darkened, remaining coxre buffy; trochanters yellow;
remainder of legs dark brown to black. the femoral basesobscure yellow, narrowest on fore pair where less than the proximal half is included, broadest on
the posterior legs where only about the outer fifth is blackened ; claws simple.
Wings (text-fig. 24) broad, suffused with brown, especially the basal, costal andstigmal regions ; obliterative streak restricted, but involving the outer end ofcell B; veins brown. Veins beyond cord with relatively sparse macrotrichia.
Vcnation : Bc short, ,Sc,ending about opposite one-half to two-thirds .Bs, Bc,
at its tip ; Rr.*, atrophied ; petiole of cell l7l, short, variable in length, theIongest about twice m ; m-cu long, arcuated, on vein M n shortly beyond its
origin ; vein Cu scarcelyshirred at m-cu; distal half of cellZnd, 14,wid.ened..
Basal tergite yellow, succeeding ones passing into black ; basal sternites
obscure brownish yellow, passing into brown ; hypopygium yellowish brown.
Male hypopygium (text-fig. 29) with the tergite transverse, the posteriorborder very gently emarginate ; setre abundant, restricted to the posterior
half of plate, all setre approximately equal in size, directed caudad or slightly
mesad. Basistylc, D, moderately long. Dististyles, d,, interconnected at basevo"L. xIIr, PART 3.

29

422

CHARLES P. ALI]XANDER

with the heak
only ; outer style long-oval with relatively few setre: inner styleconlpressed.-flatten"dl',r"ryobtuse ; "t".i of style with seven ot :tgh,t^:l*111
Iong andretrorse sPines and more abundant elongate setre. A)deagus
consprcuous.
1955 (ts'
HolotYPe,$, Cathed.ralPeak Hotel, Drakensberg, February 19,
Stuckenberg). Paratoltotyqe'6The only approximately similar regional speciesinclude Lon'gurio c'inerecthe coloration
tltorar (Alexandir) and L."rubroni,gra(Alexand.er),which havedistinct, short,antennreand vein 'Br*, preserved'

11'sp'
24. Longurio ni4tho'pod'a'Iert-figs' 25' 30'(ieneral colorationof mesonotutnlight brown, llletttraycllow ; legs with thewings weakly
tibire and tarsi snowy white, the tibial basesnarrorvl.l'tlarkenet[;cell Mr ainfuscated.,unpatterned.except for the oval dark browtl stigma ;I abdomen contrifle longer than its petiole ; ltl-cu at near nricllengthof .&1r*,rfburth dark
spicuousfi bicolourea, tne segmentsvelrow with abo't the 'trter
truncate ort' o*rr ; male hypopygtum with the posterior Sorde' of the tergite
virtually so.
about
Maie.-:Length about 10-10'5 'lll1.: wing l0'5-l I t'm'; antenna
8'5-g mm.
ofl'rontal prologation of head buffy yellow ; palpi dark brown' Antennre
pedicel short,'rale el.ngate, ; shown by the me&surelnents; sca,peand
first enlarged at
obscure y"1lo* ; flagellar segmentselongate-cylindrical, theremainder ofbase to a,ppearu, u, small secondary segrnent,pale in co]<lur.1
over theorgan blall, with an abund.ant ereit white pubescencedistributed
segment
entire segment; verticils virtually lacking, only one or two- to eachposterior
u.rd''er/small, about as long u* th" pubescence' Front yellow, theyellow, the central area of vertex weakly infusfo.tio' ir n"ua more obscurecated; no vertical tubercle.
pronotum brownish testaceous. Mesonotum light brown, the posterior
infuscated,scleritesmore yellowed ; vestiture lacking. Pleura yellow. H-alterespale
the base of stem narrowly yellow. Legs with the coxrc and trochanters
snowy
yellow; femora yellowish b.o*11, slightly darker at the tips ; tibire
on the fore
*hitu, the basesn"arrowlyinfuscated,somewhatmore extensively soclaws ofand middle tibire; tarsi snowy white, terminal segmentinfuscated;formale simple. Wings (text-fig. 25) weakly infuscated, unpatterned except
beyondthe oval d.arkerbroivn stigm;; veins dark brown. Macrotrichia of veins
beforecord short but relatively i,bund.ant. Venation : tsoth Sc, and 8c, ending
Mr alevel of fork of .Es; frt*, well-preserved; anterior cord oblique ; cell
Znil A
trifle longer than its pelitle ; rn-c%at near midlength of Mr*n; cell
narrow.

THE CRANE }'LIES Otr' SOUTH AFRICA IN THE NATAL MUSEUM

423

Abdomen conspicuouslybicoloured, the segmentsyellow with about theouter fourth dark brown, the amount of the latter decreasingon the fifth andsixth segments; subterminal segmentsmore uniformly blackened ; hypopygium
brown. Male hypopygium (text-fig. 30) with the tergite relatively large, theposterior border truncate or virtually so, thickened ; the dorsal surfaceof theouter three-fourthsof tergal plate with numeroussetre; ventral surfacewith asclerotizedframework, appearingas a narrow sernicircularband. Basistyle, 6,
small. Dististyles, d, fused on about their basal half ; outer style long-oval,
with abundant'setre; inner style subequalin length, extendedinto a flattened
black beak-likepart, the outer surfacewith abundant setre. .l0deagusunusuallysimple.
Holotype,J, Kranskop, Natal, November I I , 1954(B. Stuckenberg). Puratopotype,l teneralJ.
Three species of Longurio in south-easternAfrica, including L. u,fricana(Alexander), L. aspropodaAlexander, and the present fly, form a compact
group, being evidently allied to the more northern L. riedeliana (Alexander).
The presentfly differs from the others in the pattern and venation of the wings,
coloration of the abdomen, and in the details of structure of the male hypopfgium. The coloration of the legsin africanais unknown, but,it seemspossiblethat at least the tarsi are white, as in the other forms. However, in riedeliana,
of Nyasaland, the legs are darkened. 'Ihe various speciesin this group wereformerly placedin the genusHabrom,u,stirSkuse,but it, seernsadvisableto referall suchforms to the more comprehensivegenusLongu,rioLoew, until the mattercan be more thoroughly investigated. It is probable that Habromnslir will befoundtobea synonym of Longurio or, at, most,,to representa subgenusof thes&me.
n. sp. 'Iext-figs. 26, 31.
25. 'l'hawnastoptera
rmtalensis
General coloration of thorax almost uniformly obscure yellow ; antenna:
brownish black ; halteresvery stout, especiallythe knob ; legs yellow ; wings
with a weak brownish yellow tinge, veins pale ; Sc, ending slightly beyond
midlength of -Bs, ^Sc,before the origin of the latter ; basal section of Rn*,
angulated at near midlength : petiole of cell 2nd,M, very short, subequalto
r-m ; rn-cuaboutthree times its length beforethe f<rrkof M ; rnalehypopygiurnwith the dististyle a stout curved hook, the inner or concave edge provided
with strong setre.
Male.-Length about,4'5 mm.; wing 5 nrnt.; antenna about 0'9 mm.
Rostrum obscureyellow ; palpi brown. Antennrebrownishblack, the scapea little paler ; flagella,rsegmentsoval, somewhatshorter than the verticils.
Head brownish yellow ; anterior vertex broad, nearly three tirnes the diameterof the scape
Pronoturn brownish yellow. Mesonoturrralrttostuniforrnly obscurcyellow,
the pleura a little lighter. Halteres pale, the knobs wcakly infuscated ; stern

424

CHARI,ES P. ALEXANDER,

very short, dilated into the exceptionally large knob. Legs with the coxre andtrochanters yellow; remainder of legs pale yellow ; claws long and slender
simple. Wings (text-fig. 26) with a weak brownish yellow tinge, the pre-arcularand costal fields somewhat clearer yellow; veins pale brownish yellow, poorly
visible against the ground. Venation: ,Sc,encling slightly beyond midlength of-Bs, ^Sc,shortly before the origin of the latter so Nc, is very long, exceeding
one-half ,r?s; basal sectionof -Bn*uweakly to strongly angulated,in one wing of
the type conspicuouslyspurred at the point ol' ansulation ; petiole of cell
2nclM, \,ery short, subequalto r-nu; ilL-cuapproxirnately thlee times its lcngth
before the fork of M; cell Znd,A broatl.
Abdomen, including hypopygium, nredium brown. Illale hypopygium(text-fig. 3l) with the basistyle, b, sholt a,nd stotrt,,tho setie concentrateclon
the outer half. Dististyle, d, lrnusnally stout, appearing as a flattened ctrrved
hook, dilated beyond ba,se,on the conca,\'cedge with a row of five strong setm
just back from the terminal spine : & rlore concentratedgroup of five or six
similar setreplaced more basallv at neal rnicllengthof style. Gonapophysis,g,appearingas & stout cun-eclroc[.the apex very clbtuseor truncate.
Holotype, $, Towrr llush, I'ietermaritzburg, Natal, November 2, 1954
(B. Stuckenberg).
This fly is of unustralinterest since the genushad not hitherto been known'I'here are two speciesin Europe and one each infrom the Ethiopian Region.
South India and MindanAo, a,ll differing conspicuously frotu the present fly incoloration, details of venation and in the stmcture of the male hypopygittm. It
may be noted that a speciesfrom Aldabra describedby Edwards as Thaurnasto'p(' Tratrs.Linn. Soc.London,' (2, Zool.) 15 ; 205,pl. 10, fig. 10,
teraald,abrensis
Meigen,subgenusld,iocera
wing ; l9l2), actually belongsto the genusGoruomyia
Dale, and has no closc relationship with the present fly.
26. Limnophila lr,etairan. sp. Text-lig. 27.
Belongs to the Jilnta group ; general coloration of thorax dalk brown,
scarcely patterned ; antennrc black throughout ; legs dark brown, the femoral
bases paler; wings relatively broad, tinged with brown, vaguely patternedwith still darker brown, including the stigma ; cell -llf, small, a little less than
one-half its petiole ; ovipositor with the cerci very long.
Female.-Length about 6'5 mm.; wing 6 x l7'5 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennre black throughout ; basal flagellar
segments oval, the outer ones more elongate, with longer verticles. Headbrownish grey; anterior vertex broad, nearly four times the diameter of thescape.
Thoracic dorsum almost uniformly dark brown, without distinct pattern ;pseudosutural fovere blackened, elongate. Pleura somewhat paler brown.
Halteres with stem pale, especially at base, knob infuscated. Legs with theTHE CR,ANE FLIES OT SOUTH AFR,ICA IN THE NATAL MUSEUM

Tnxr-rros. 24-31.

30

3t

24,^Longurio drakenslterllensisn. sp. ; venation . 25. Longurio niphopod,an. sp. ; vena,tion.
26. Thrwnu$optera nutalensi,s_n.tp.; venation. 27. Limnopirili h"toiro n.sp.; vena,tiorr. 28. Ctenacrosct:lisquuthlunfticusn,sp.; rnalehypopygium. 2g. Longuriod,rakensb^e,rgensis
n. sp. ; male lry-plopygium. 30.
!.ongurio niph64iodon. sp. ; rnale-hypopygium.
31. Thaurtostoptent ttcttalensisrr. sp. ; rnale hypopygiurn.
(Hypopygial syrnbols : n. edeagus ; D, basistyle ; d, dististyre ; t,9th

tergite.)

425

428

CHARLES P. ALEXANDER,

fore coxre darkened, midd.leand.hind pairs more brownish yellow ; trochantersobscure yellow : remainder of legs d.ark brown, the femoral basespaler ; tibial
spurs long and conspicuous.Wings (text-fig. 2?) relatively broad, as compareCwith tnSloto; tu"ntb.ane tinged with brown, vaguely patterned with darker
br.own,including the stigma, pre-arcular and costal regions, and the anterior
eorcl ; r.eins brown. \'enation : 8c, ending shortly beyond the fork of Bs, ^Sc,
shorter, placed near its tip i Rzpale but evident, a little shorter than R*zi'.
cellM rsmall, a little lessthan one-half its petiole n'L-cllshortly before midlengthof cell l.stM r.
Abdomendark brown. Ovipositor with the cerci very long, the tips gentlv
expanded and upcurved.
Holotype, t, Cathedral Peak Area, Drakensberg, Natal, 6,400 ft., March
l9-23, 1955(R. Stuckenberg).
The present speciesis most sinriltr,rto [,,irnnophilanatali,ca n. sp., differingin the clarker coloration, including the body ancl the wing pattern, the latterwith an evident stigmal darkening. The more northern L. su,ffilataAlexander
is similarly related, being distinguished bv the long narrow wings, with thevenational details distinct.
27. L,im,nophilarmtalicctn. sp. Text-figs. 32, 36'
Belongs to the ,filata,group : size small (wing, male, less than II'5 mrn.) :general coloration of thorax mediurn brown, without distinct pattern ; antennre
short, black throlghout, r'erticils of outer segmentsconspicuous; Sc relatively
short, both ^Sc,ancl 8c, ending before the fork r-rf-Rs; vein ,8, obsoleteor virtually so ; vein Bn cleflectedstrongly caudad; cell Mr present, subequalin length
to lts petiole ; rnale hypopygium with the setp of mesal face of basistyle very
long ; outer rlististyle blackenecl,very hairy, narrowed into a slightly curvecl
beak.
Male.-Length about 4'5 tnm.: wing ir'3 mm.: antenna about 0'8 mm.
Rostlrm ancl palpi black. Antennre black throughout, short, as shown by
the measurernents; basal flagellar segmentsoval, with few verticils, the outer
segmentsmore elongate, with conspicuousverticils : terminal segment,about
one-third longer than the penultimate. Head brown.
Pronoturn brown. Mesonotunr medium brown, without pattern ; pseudosltnral fovere relatively large and conspicuous, blackened. Pleura somewhat
paler brown. Halteres with stem pale, knob slightly more darkened. Legs withItt" coxre and trochanters brownish yellow ; remainder of legs brown, thefemora somewhat darker. Wings (text-fig. 32) with a weak greyish tinge,
unpatterned: veins light brown. Venation: Sc relatively short, both Scr and,Sc, before the fork of .Rs; vein -8, obsolete or virtually so ; vein Rn deflected
strongly caudad ; cell -8, thus widened at margin, exceeding cell Rr; r-rn
nr.nrtrd ; cell t\l, subequal in length to its petiole i rn-cu just before midlengthof cell lst M*

THE CR,ANE FLIES OF SOIITH AFR,ICA IN THE NATAL MUSEUM

427

Abdomen dark brown. Male hypopygium (text-fig. 36) with the basistyle,b, relatively stout, the mesalface with very long pale setre. Outer dististyle, d,blackened,subcylindrical,narrowedoutwardly, terminating in a slightly curved
blackenedbeak; surfaceof style with numerouslong pale setre,the longest
approximately one-half the length of the style: inner dististyle subequalin
size, the outer third pale and rnore mernbranous.Gonapophvsis,g, incurved
toward the adeagus,at apex extendedinto u,long acute point.
Holofi1pe,$, Town lJush, Pietermaritzburg, Natal, Novetnber 2, 195-l(R. Stucl<enberg).
\Vhen compared with Li,mnophilalr,etairan. sp., which it tnost closely
resembles,the present fly differs most evidently in the coloration and in thepattern and I'enation of the wings. The male sex of heteiraremainsunknown.
(Id,iocera)
28. Gonom4lia
d,adalusn. sp. Text-fig. 33.
Size large (wing, female, 7'l-rmrn.) : mesonotalprrescutumchiefly coveredby three brownish grey stripes: pleura reddish brown, with a broad paleyellow longitudinal stripe; wings with a conspicuousdark brown pattern :^9c,ending about opposite one-fifth the length of r?s; vein -8, erect, vein -Bn
turned strongly cephalad at urargin: abdornen clark brown, the posteriorbordersof the segrnentsnarrowly yellowed.
Feqn,ule.-Lengthabout 8 tnm.: wing 7'5 mm.
Rostrum brown : palpi brownish black. Antennre with the scape lightyellow, vaguely patterned with brown : pedicel brownish yellow, flagellum
black ; flagellar segmentselongate,slightly exceedingthe verticils in lengbh.
Head above dark brown, sparselypruinose,the anterior vertex more yellowed.
Pronotum infuscated in front, light yellow behind. Mesonotalprrescutum
chiefl.ycoveredby three confluentbrownishgrey stripes,the humeral and lateral&reasyellow; sctrtunrchiefly brownish grey, the medianareaa trifle brightened ;scutellum brownish yellow; mediotergite dark brown, the anterolateral partyellow ; pleurotergitereddishbrown, its posteriorend yellowed. Pleura reddish
brown, with a broacl pale yellow longitudinal stripe extending from the fore
coxp to the base of abdomen, expanded behind to include the pteropleurite
and meron ; dorsopleural membrane pale. Halteres with stem yellow, knob
brownish black. Legs with the coxa whitish yellow ; trochanters yellow ;rernainderof legs yellow, the femoral tips very vaguely more darkened; outertarsal segments brownish black. Wings (text-fig. 33) weakly suffused withbrownish yellow, the costal border somewhat clearer yellow ; a restricted but
conspicuousdark brown pattern, as follows : Origin of -Bs,slightly disconnectedfrom a smaller spot at fork of Sc ; stigma ; cord, including rn-cu; veins .Erand
Ro at margin, fork of Mr*r, and at tip of vein 2nil A; veins brown, the prearcnlar and costal veins yellow. Venation : Sc relatively long, ,Sc,ending about
opposite one-fifth the length of -Bs,,Sc,near its tip ; vein -8, erect, vein Bn

428

CIIARLES P. ALI]XANDER,

turned strongly cephaladon outer end, cells,8, and Rnat margin being subequalin extent or the latter slightly more so : m,-c'tlabout twice its length before theforkof M; ashortspurintocell lsl Anear outerendof vein2ndA.
Abdomen dark brown, the posterior borders of the segments narrowly
yellow ; pleural membrane yellow.
Holotype,t, Cathedral Peak Area, Drakensberg,Natal, 6,400 ft., March
l9-23, 1955(8. Stuckenberg).
This large and conspicuousmember of the subgenusis quite distinct fromthe other regional forms having the wings more or less heavily patterned
Alexander, which differs in theinclnding Gonornyia (Idiocera) thomassetiu,no,eolorationof the body, legsand wings,and in detailsof venation. The discoveryof the male sexwill undoubtedly provide further distinguishing charactersin the
hypopygium.
n. sp. Text-figs. 34, 38.
29. Gonsntgia(Lipophleps)elac,ltistos
Generalcoloration of mesonotum dark brownish grel, scutellum brightened
only on extreme posterior border : pleura brownish yellow,with a broad paleyellow longitudinal stripe that is bordered above and beneath by brown ;halteres uniformly yellow ; legs brownish yellow, passinginto brown ; wings
with a weak brownish tinge, the costal region light yellow ; cell .E, very small;male hypopygium with the outer dististyle profoundly bifid, the inner arm
terminating in a long black spine ; inner dististyle elongate ; phallosomepaleterminating in a pale recurved apical lobe.
Male.-I.,ength about 3'5 mm.; wing 4'2 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennre with the scape and pedicel chiefly
yellow, flagellum black ; flagellar segmentselongate,with very long unilaterallv
distributed verticils. Head yellow, the centre of the posterior vertex infuscated.
Pronotal scutum yellow, darkened on sides; scutellum and pretergites
yellowish white. Mesonotal prrescutum and scutum dark brownish grey;
scutellum similar, the extreme posterior border more yellowed ; mediotergite
brownish gref, the lateral borders, with the pleurotergite, yellow. Pleura
brownish yellow above, with a broad pale yellow ventral longitudinal stripe
extending from and including the fore cox&, reaching the abdomen behind,bordered above by r nanow dark brown line; ventral sternopleurite broadly
brown ; dorsopleural membrane clear light yellow. Halteres uniformly paleyellow. Legswith the fore coxrepale, as described,remaining coxrelight brown ;trochanters obscureyellow ; femora obscureyellow or brownish yellow, becoming darker brown at tips; tibire and tarsi brown. Wings (text-fig. 34) with aweak brownish tinge, the pre-arcular and costal fields light yellow; stigma
scarcelydifferentiated ; veins brown, yellow in the brightened areas. Venation :Bc short, both 8c, and ^9c,before origin of .Bs,the latter angulated and weakly
spurred at origin ; cell .8, exceedinglyreduced in size, its marginal extent lessnearly its own length before the fork of M,
than one-half that of eell R" i nx-cuL

THE C]II,ANI] FLIES OF SOIITH AFR,IC'A IN THE NATAL MTTSETIM 429

Abdominal tergites dark brown, the posterior borders and incisures pale :sternites lighter in colotrr : hypopygium brownish yellow, the outer dististyle
blackened. Male hypopygium (text-fig. 38) with the outer d.ististyle,d, deeply
bifid, the otrter arm longest, appearing as a flattened glabrous dark-coloured
blntle that narrowsto an acute tip : inner arm terminating in a long black spine
tha,t is incurved toward the outer &rln, its <lutersurfacewith severalstrong setre:
rttr ottter ttrargin,at baseof the style, with a small oval blade ; inner style longatrcl slender, gradually narrowed outwardly, terminating in two pale setrc,
n'ith a row of long simplebristlesalongthe face. PhallosornE, I',pale throughout,apllearing as .'uroughly triangular stnrcture that terminates in tr,pale r.ecrrrl,etl
apicallobe.
Irolot,tlpe,j, C)athedralPeak Area, Drakensberg,Natal, 6,400 ft., Marc|
l9-23, l9i-r5(R. Stuckenberg).
In the very reducedcell R,,of the wings, the presentfly agreesmost nearly rvith
Clonornryia(LiTtoTthleps)
sulph,urelloirles
Alexander.which has the structure of thetnale h;popygiuttt ntuch more complex and entirely distinct from the present
species.
30. Go'nomtlia(Gonomtlia)gnophoso?n&n. sp. Text-figs. 3l-r,37.
Belongs to the lenellagroup ; general coloration of thorax, inclucling thettresottotalscrrtellunr,rlark brown, the pleur& more pruinose, without a longitudina,lpale stripe ; ilntennre,halteresand legsbrownish black to black ; wingss'ith a strong dusky tinge, cell ,8, large; male hypopygium with the outerdististyle a blackenedrod, provided with unusually long setre; inner dististyleu'itlr the spine of outer face verv long ; phallosomewith two blackenedspines.
Mule,.-Length about 4-4'2 -rr.;- wing b mm.; antenna about 0'B rnm.
Ferrutle.-Lengthabout 4.5 rnm.; wing 5.2 mm.
Rostrttm ancl palpi black. Antennrewith scapeand pedicelbrownish black,the flrr,gellunr
slightly paler : basal flagellarsegrnentsoval, the outer oneslnore
elottgate,with longer verticils. Head dark brown, grey pminose.
'J'horacic
dorstrmdark brown, only the lateral endsof the pronotal scutellurn
antl the pretergitesyellowed. Pleura and pleurotergite blackened,the colour
obscnreclb.y a heavy grey pruinosity : \'ery vague yellowed areason propleura,
extreme dorsal pteropleurite, and the meral region, not forming a stripe as iscorllIlloIl in the genus. Halteres blackened. I-,egswith the coxre pale brown,
trochanters somewhat darker; remainder of legs brownish black to black.
Wings (text-fig. 35) with a strong dusky tinge, the stigma still darker; veinsdark brorryn. Venation : ^Sc,ending approximately opposite the origin of -Bs,
^Sc,cotnmonlv far from its tip, ,Sc,alone about one-third to one-fourth r?s, incaseswith ^5'c,shorter ; cell -R, large and sprawly, at the margin being at least
five times as extensive as cell r?5; ?n-cuclose to the fork of M.
Abdomen dark brown: hypopygium a little paler, the dististyles black.
Male hvpopvgium (text-fig. 37) with the apical lobe of basistyle, b, relatively

430

CHAR,LES P. ALEXANDER,

small, about one-third the length of the outer dististyle, with coarse setre.
Outer dististyle, d, il simple blackened rod, slightly dilated on outer end, theouter two-thirds with unusually long setre, the longest about one-half as longas the style itself ; inner style with the body elongate-oval, narrowed.to the tip
which bears two modified or fasciculate setre; outer face to style beyond basewith a very powerful spine that is longer than the body, narrowed to an acutepoint, with a single strong seta before tip ; face of body of style with about ten
to twelve smaller setre. Phallosoml, p,terminating in an acute point; twosubtending blackened spines, one lnore nearly straight than the other, whicharisesfrom a paler nore expanded base.
Holotllpe, $, fndumeni Forest, l)rakensberg, Natal, March 22, 1955 (B.
Strrckenberg). Allotglpe,Q, Cathedral Peak Area, Drakensberg, March 19-23,
j, with the type.
1955 (8. Stuckenberg). Paratopotype,()onomqia (Gonomyia) gnopthosoma
is quite distinct from the other regionaltnenrlrersof the tenellagroup,including G. (G.)'mim,etica
Alexander, in the coloration antl, especially,the structure of the male hypopygium.
Quathlam,bian. genus.
Rostrurn very reducecl; palpi 4 segmented,the segmentssubequal. Antennre
l6-segnrented,without basal fusion of the flagellar segments,the latter suboval
to subcylindrical. with truncated ends ; longest verticils subequalin length tothe segments. Anterior vertex broad. Cervical region well-developed. Pronotal
scutellum large. Mesonotum moderately flattened; pseudosuturalfovere verylarge, transversely oval, tuberculate pits less evident, lying far forward. Halteres reduced to a srnall oval scale, evidently representing the usual club, thestem lacking. Middle and posterior legs rnoderately separated, about as in
Gnophomyia; legs long and slender,the segmentswith conspicuousappressed
scalesa,mongthe normal setre; no tibial spurs; claws simple. Wings greatly
reduced in both sexes,shorter than the thorax, the venation scarcely evident.
Ovipositor (text-fig. 40) with both cerci and hypovalvre reduced to blunt lobes,
the latter slightly longer. Male hypopygium (text-fig. 39) with the tergite veryna,rrow, with & median ridge or crest, provided with strong spinous setre.
Basistyle virtually simple ; dististyles two, distinctly separated. Gonapophysis
appearing as a pale sirnple blade. ,iEdeagusa short massive blackened structurewith a basal flange.
Tllpe of genus.-Quathlambia stuckenbergin. sp. (Natal).
Superficially, the type and only known speciesmuch resemblesa speciesof
Plntalimnobia Alexander, the only other genus of subapterous Limoniine
Tipulidre known from South Africa. However, from the characters listed it isapparent that it is not closely related to the above, being much nearer to thesubgenusld,iognophomyia,Alexander,of the genus GnophomyiaOsten Sacken, as
discussedin the first part of this seriesof papers (p. +03). By the same token it

THE CR,ANE trLIES OF SOI'TH AFRIC'A IN THE NATAL MUSEL'M

43I

should be elevated to full generic status. Thea,ppearsthat liliognophom,ui,acharactersthat the two grorlpshave in commonare found in the presenceof
on the legsancl in the stmcture of the ovipositor and eggs. Due to thesca,les
reduction in size of wings in the presentfly, venation is unavailablefor comparison. 'lhc structure of the male hypopygium is distinct from that of
ItliognoTthomqiacaTticola(Alexander) artd other speciesreferred to this genus.
Attention is calle<lto the somewhatremarkableeggsfound in Qmthlambia(eomparetext-fig. 40). As extractetlfrotn the abdomensof
andltJiognophontyia
the females,these &rc conspicllousby their great size and apparently also by
their scanty numbers. The surf&ceof the chorionis reticulatedor cross-hatchedb.y lines. to procltrcerliamond-shapedareas. The eggsare pale in colour, conOstenSacken,which are very large, black
trastirrg with the eggsof ('ryTttoln,his
in colour, anrl withottt the reticulate pattern of the presentgroups.
is the native name (Zulu) for the DrakensThe genericname, Quatltlarnbia,
berg Mountains (alternativespellingsinclude Qathlambaand Kwathlamba).
stuckenbergin.sp. Text-figs. 39, 40.
31. Quath,lnntbia
Sizesmall (lengthabout 4 to 5 mm.) ; generalcolorationof thorax brownish
black. the pleura patternerlwith tight,yellow ; halteresgreatly reduced; wings
reduced,shorter than the thorax.
Male.-Length about 4'0-rt'ltmm.; wing about 0'8-0'9 mm.
Female.-Length about 3'5-4'0 mm.; wing 0'7-0'8 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antenna black, scape more pruinose. Headdark grey : anterior t'ertex broad.
Cervical scleritesbrownish black. Pronotal scutum black, the scutellum
and pretergiteslight yellow. Mesonotumbrownishblack, sparselypruinose,thehumeraland lateral portions of prrescutum,posteriorlateral anglesof the scutal
lobes, parascutellaancl a vague spot at base of scutellum yellow. Pleuraconspicuouslypatterned,light yellow and dark brown, the former including thedorsopleuralmembraneancl a broad stripe extending from behind the fore coxa
to the baseof abclomeninvolving the dorsal sternopleuriteand ventral anepisternnnt,pteropleurite,meron and metaplenra. Legs black throughout. Wings
pale yellow, a little deeperyellow basally.
Abclominal tergites dark brown, grey pruinose, in caseswith the posteriorborders of the intermediate segments narrowly and indistinctly yellowed :sternites medium brown : hypopygiurn obscureyellow, patterned with brown,
the styli castaneousto black. In the female,the abdominal tergites are almost
uniformly plumbeousgrey, including the ovipositor ; pleural membraneyellow :sternites similarly darkened,the posterior borders narrowly yellow. Ovipositor(text-fig. 40) with the cerci and other tergal parts very short and.reduced;
h;4lovalvre slightly longer, more sheath-like. Egg* very large, pale, chorion
reticulated. Male hypopygium (text-fig. 39) as describedunder the generic

432

CHARLES P. ALEXANDER'I'Exr-r"rcs.
3l-40.

33

36

38

S2..Limnophikt

nQtali.c.t. *p.-:- r.enation.
ll:(lonont

40
33. Gono,,nyia (Itl,iocera) clcedulusn. sp:

ven&-tion. 34.
qiu (Li poplileps) eluehis.tot'._s.l_).r r Joati..,'. i;j ?iiiirri;"lGonornryiiy
g,nophosomo-.. "t,.; venatiorr.- 36. Linmo,phi'Iu rtutcrlieun. s'. , ,rrrtu"- Sypopygiunr.
37'. (lottotnata (.cly1omuiu)ctttoplLosornr-rn. s.J).: male
J8".'GbiSmyia^t.yP"pygi,rtrt(Lipo'phelps) eloehistosn.
riralehypopygitun.
;stl. giuitit,lolbir, ,stucienberg.,".rir. ;-tiuirziu"r,ta!p.
rnale hypopygium. 40. eiuttiluntbiu
n. sp.-; ovipositor, egg.
(Hypoyrygialsyr^b.ls: Zr,basistyle; d, dististyle; p,phall'some.)

THE CRANE I'LIES OF SOUTH AFR,ICA IN THE NATAL MUSEUM

433

definition. Basistyle,D,with a stout lobe on face,with a,concentrationof strong
setm. Both dististyles,d, apical or nearly so ; outer style glabrous,appearingas
a paddle-like blade, its inner margin with small truncated.teeth separateaU.ynarrow incisions ; inner style with the base dilated, the outer half a strongly
curved blackenedhook, narrowed to the subacutetip, the outer slrface withrelatively sparselong retrorse seta. Gonapophysis,g, appearingas a simplepale
denselysetuliferousblade. Adeagus, &, a massivcblack cylindrical structure,
its apex obtusc, on basal half cxtended into a triangular flange, providecl withtwo elongatesetrc,thc outermost largest.
Holotr17te,6,"The Organ Pipes", CathedralPeak Area, Drakensberg,Natal,
f1,000-10,000ft., in grass on steep slopes,March 20, lgbl-r (B. Stuck-enberg).
AllotoTtot,ype,t, mounted with the type. Paratogtotypes,l0d?.
f take unusualpleasurein dedicatingthis very interestingfly to the collector,
who has addecl so materially to our knowledge of the interesting Dipterous
fauna of Natal. The flies may be confusedwith the generally sirnilar speciesof
Plat,ylimnobia',which
are similarly subapterous,but which are readily told by thecharactersof the antennre,ovipositor and male hypopygium, in adrlition to thelack of scaleson the legs. The virtual loss of the halteresis almost exactly as i1
Plntylimnobia and appears to have paralleled the reduction of the wings in thesamegroups. It is of interest, however,that the Holarctic speciesof the genus
C'hionea
Dalman, with the wings even more reduced,have the haltereslarge andconspicuous. The degreeof reduction of wings in the present fly is aboui as in
categories5 and 6 of Bezzi's arrangement, based on wing atrophy.l
L llezzi, Mario, " Il,iduzione e seomparsadello ali negli insetti Ditteri,"Naturali,' 7 : 85-182, ll figs. ; l916.

'Rivistadi Scienze