',{';''

ffi[ CNAilE.FIIESOFPUERT()RICO(DIPTTRA)Charles P. Alcrander,
Mas sachu scI ts State CoI lcge, A tnhersl, Mq,ssachuselh.

Rclrint

ifrotnol thcDcputnent
fho Journrl
et Agi,culturco[ PuatoRico
Vol. XVf , No. 4, October,ry32.
Pages j47-jE7,

The
Journal0lthoDepartment
0lAgriculture
OF

PIJEFITO

FIIOO

Pqblishedofeachycar.
Quarterly:Jtnuary, April, July and OctoberMsr.vrrr,pVor,. XVI

lf. CooK,

ItDrroR

Oor'our:n 1932

No. {.

THE CBANE.FLIES OF PUEBTO BICO
(Diptera)

Massachus.r,SLfi"rJHl-';i1l,Ti"il"Lassachusetts
INTRODUCTION

At the suggesti<lnof my friend, I)r. i\1. D. Leonard. I have prepared the follorving brief account of the Tipulidae of Puerto Rico.
Although mueh has been done in the collection of specimens.still
further work will unquestionably add materially- to the subjoined
record. The follolving is the plan of the present report:
I. llistorical Aceount.
lI. Distribution of Genera and Subgenerain the Greater Antilles.
IIT. Keys to the Subfamilies, Tribes. Subtribes, Genera and Subgenera of Tipulidae knbwn from the Greater Antilles.
IV. A record of the Tipuli,{ae knorvn from Puerto Rico, with keys
and brief diagnosesof the speeies.
V. A list of the Tipulidae known from the Greater Antilles.
A very few speeiesand subspeeies,not only from Puerto Rieo,
but ft'om other islands, are described at this time in order to eomplete tle data. All types of these novelties are preserved in myeolleetion.
During the progress of this survey of Neotropieal Tipulidae invaluable eo-operationhas been received from many persons and institutions. f here wish to aelarowledgethe kindly help 'of the following. who have heen of espeeialserviee in adding to our frag'Westrnentary knowledge of the Tipulidae of the
Indian Islands.
Cuba: JuliSn Acufla. Joseph Bequaert, S. C. Bruner, J. G. Myers,
A. Otero. G. C. Rowe. P. D. Sand.ers. Hispaniola: II. Ir. Dozier,J. G. Myers. Jamaica: G. C. Cramptbn,C.C. Gowdey,J.G. Myers.
Puerto Rico: Charles Bates, W. A. Ifoffman, W. T. M. Forbes, M.
D. Lreonard.
fn addition to the above, the collections of the American 1\[u-seurr. u-ith additional material securedby Grossbeckin Jamaica, antl
by Lutz. H. E. Crampton. l\futehler and others in Jamaica ancl Puerto
347

318

THE JOURNAIJ Op TIIE DEPARTIIENT OF AGRICULTURE Or P. R.

Ric'o; the British Museum material, through the kindly interest of
Dr. X'red. W. Edwards; and the United States National Museum,with early specimenstaken by Busck, Schwarz and' Richmond, shouldbe mentioned.
The rich Antillean collections in various American institutions
are due almost entirely to the efforts of the above men, here gratefully acknowledged. tr'rom the follOwing aceount, it will be seenthat the collections mad.eby I\fessrs.Acufia, Rrnner, G. C. Crampton,
Gowdey, Hoffman, Lreonard and Myers are by far the largest andmost important.
I rvish to thank mY old-time friend ancl co-worker on the TiPulidae, Dr. I\Iortimer D. I:eonard, for much kindly help and advice
at frequent lteriods in the Past quarter centurSr.
I. HrsronrcAr, i\ccouNT
TJre first Tipulidae ever taken in Puerto Rico rvould appear to
5e those now preserved in the Berlin l\Iuseum, colleetecllrreviously
to 1850 b5' Iloritz, and,described.by Loew in 1851 (l,intonta ((leranomyia) rufescens and. Tonorhina fragilis) ancl b1- Osten Sacken in1887 (Brachyprem,nounicolor and Helius albitar.si's). Still later. Dr.
Juan Glncllach collectedin various parts of the islarrtl.his rnaterial
forming the basis for the important l)aper b.r- \'on Rticler in 1885
lonqipennis }lacquart)'(Heratoma tdfasciata and,fuIeEistocero,Slbsequent to the Spanish-Americarl\yar ancl the transference ofPuerto Rico to the United States, various officials frbm the UnitedStates National Museum (August Busck in 11199.Charles W. R'iehmond in 1900) macLecollectiotrsof insects in Puerto Rico, these inTrenclnding a few speeiesof Tiltnliclae (DolichopezaTtortorCcemsis,'WOrld 'War.
antepohlia niueitarsis). During the period of the
expedition und.er the joint auspicesof the Neu' York Aeademl- of
Sciencesand the Arnerican Jluseurn of Natural History macle extensive collectionsin Puerto Rico ancl other islanclsof the Antilles. theinsects being taken ehiefly bv I'Iessrs. H. E. Crampton, I''tttz and
IVlutchler,and. being discusseclin detail in the comprehensivereporthy Curran (Scientific sun'ey of Puerto Ricb and the \rirgin Islands,
Flies, 1rp. 1-118. 39
uLl. 11, part 1. Insects,Dilttera or trvo-lvinged.
figs.; 1928). This recorclsa total of 11 speciesof TiPuliclae. During this same general period, a few speciesof Tipulirlae rvere collected by i\Ir. R. H. Van Zwaluwenburg ancl rvere settt b;' him to
the Unitetl States National l\{useurn (inclucling Ile.,ratonruot'ellifera).
Wolcott (InsectrePortoricensis. Journ. I)ept. Agr. Puerto Rico. r'ol.

THE

CRANE-FITIESOF PUERTO

RIC,IO349

7: 1-313 , !923) record.ed.9 species of Tipuliclae from the island.
fn more reeent years the present writer has described a number of
additional speciesof Tipulidae, these being record.edin the present
report. The total number of speciesof this family now known from
Puerto Ric'o is 31, to which number many additions will surely bemade as a result of future collecting. The mountainous region embraced in the Luquillo National Forest, culminating in El Yuaque,will surely yietd additional species,some of which wiII be end.emic.
This particular part of the island is bf unusual interest, s€veral species a.pparently being restricted to this region.
II. DrsrnrBUTroNor GnNnRAAND SuscnNpne
rN THE Gnuargn ANrn r,ns
The accompanying table will show the present distribution of thegenera and subgenera of crane-flies in the islands.
Genus and Subgenus

Eispaniola

Tipulinae
Nephrotoma.
Tipula.
- trIegistomastix.....
DolichopezaB r a c h g p r e m n a . .... .
Megistocera.
Limoniinae
Limonia-Limonia. . .
- Discobola.
- Neolimnobia.....
- D i c r a n o m a i a ... .
- Rhipidia.
- Geranornyia....
Helius-Eelius. . . ..
Orirnarga-Ori.marga.
- DiotrephaE piphr agma- Epi'phragma.
Polgmera-Polgrnera.
Shannonornltia.
. .. .
Atarba-Atarba.. . . . .
Eetatoma-Eriocera.
Elephantomg
i a-E lephantomUi a. . .
Gonomvia-Gonomyia.
- Progonomvia.....
- PtiLostena- Lipophlepr......
T euchoI abis- T euchoI abis .
.....
Trentepohlio-Pararnongoma.
Rhabdomastit - Sacandaga .
Erioptera-Empeda...
- Mesocuphona.
..
Totorhina-Tororhina.

From this list, it will be seen that of the 30 groups, Cuba has
27, Jatnaiea17, Puerto Rico 16 and Flispaniola \2. The marked deficiency in the case of the last-named.major island is surely a resultof eolleeting rather than an actual conditi'on. The non-occurrence

360

tlEE JOIIRNAIJ OF TEE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUBE OF P. B.

of sue^hconq)icuous elements as Brachgprernna and, Megnstocerain
Jamaica is noteworthy.
Of the above, the sole endemic group is the subgenus Megisto'one being confined.to Puerto
mastia, known only from two species,
Rico, the other to westem Cuba. This subgenusfinds its near allyin the subgenus Oropeza Needham, widely distributed in eastern
North America, and. must surely have been derived. from the north.
The two speciesof Nephroto'Itua(femugineo Fabr., var.) and Tipula(tudouiciuna Alex.) in Cuba are forrns that also occur in the southeastern United States, and have certainly invadecl the island fromthe north. Of the l-rimoniinaein the islands, Discobola, Sa,candnga,
Gonarngia s.s. and Ptilostena are evidently derived from the north.
Megtistocera,Brachgpremna, I{ eolimnobia, Rhipiclia, Geranom,yia,
Helius, Orimarga s.s., Diotrepha, Polymera, Atarba, Progonomyia,
ona and. T ororhina,
Li,pophteps,Tetrcholabis,Trentepohlia, Mesocg'phon the other hand, all seemto be derivatives from the south, in allcaseseither having the greater part of their present clistribution inCentral or S'outh America, or, in the ease of larger groups, having
the great majority of the known species,insofar as thel' exist in the'World.
Newoccurring in the Neotropics. The origin of someof theother groups, as limonin, s.s.,Dicranomllia, Eriocera, and possibly
a few others. is uncertain, as the grolrps in question are virtuallycosmopolitan. Lintonia s.s.,however, is eviclentll' still another Neotropical element.insofar as it is representerlin the Antilles by memgroup (basist.qkrfa
Alex.. holi'marri'\lex.), members of the aTtica,fa
bers of whieh have extended their range northrvard of the islands
into X'l'orida. Some of the species of Dicranonlllia are northern
forms that are isolatedat higher altitudes on the tnountainsof PuertoAlex.) or else are wiclespreadcoastal
Rico and.Hispaniola (as di,o-isa
forms with a vast range in tropieal and subtropical America (asd,istansO. S.). The Cuban reticulata, h'orvever.is a member of agroup of charaeteristicNeotropical speciesof the subgenus. The 8
speciesof Eriocera in the Greatcr Antilles form a highly characteristic group that are more nearly related to speciesin Middle andSouth Ameriea than they are to the more sombre species of theNorth.
III. Knvs 'ro rrrn SusrAMrLrES,Tnlnns, Sunrnlnns, GpNpn,rAND SuscpNnRAor. Trpur,torn KwowN Fnou
qno GnnATERAxul,l,ns
1. Terminal segrneut of maxillary palpus elongate, rvhiplash-like; nasus
usually clistinctl antennae usuallv rvith lii segttrents; wiugs rvith ^9ct
usually atrophied; veiu Cu, constricted at rn-ut,, the latter usually atTHE CRANE-FLIES OF PUERTO R,ICO

361(Figs. 1-3) ; bocly-sizeusually large.
of close to fork of M" *.
2---------(rreur,rNen)-------Terminal segment of maxillary palpus short; no tlistinct nasusI antennae usually u'ith 14 or 16 segrnentsl n'ings With 8c, present; vein' Cu'
the latter placectfar before the fork ofstraight, not constricteclat m,-str,,
M"*n, usually at or closeto fork of ll{ (Figs.4-5, 10-19), in Orinn;rg1u'(Fig. 9) far before the fork ctf M; botly-size small or medium
6------(r,rlt,oNrrNen)(trrrrr,rN.l'n)
2. I-,egs unsually long ancl filifonn; wings n'ith vein R, * , atrophiecl antl
with 8c, close to origin of -E.s(Dolichopeza, Fig. 3) i when -E' * z ispreserved(Brachyprenrn4.,Fig. 2, Megistocero,Fig. 1), vein sc is very
long, 8c, reaching C as a clistinct element some distance beyond the fork
3of -Es ancl cell gnil A is very narrow--preservetl
antl
Legs of normal stoutnessfor the family; rvings n'ith -Et * z
with 8c of rnod.eratelength, 8c, being atrophied before the fork of 8s
and Sc, e'ncling at or before micllength of -E.s; cell ?nil A of normal
5
wiclthor
3. Antennae 8-segmentecl; wings with origin of vein Mr usually opposite
even basacl of that of M, * ,i F, * , angularly }ent at near mitllength
Wietl'--MEGISrocnn'r'(Fig. 1)
Antennae with 1"1or nlore segnrents; u'ings rvith origin of vein .trf. tlistaclof that of vein ,lf, * 2, usualll' far be1'o1d: fr. * , straight or nearly4so, not angulatect4. \['ings with vein R, * rpale, perpendicu]ar to R, f ,; -Eselongate, strongly
O. S.
arcuated at origin; cells of t'ing glabrous (Fig. 2) BRAcEYPRETINI
Wings with vein R, * , atrophiecl; l?s short, transverse,sirnulating a crossvein; apieal cells rvith rnacrotrichia (Fig. 3)------DOLICHOPEZA :T[EGIS1loI[AST'TX AIEX.

5. Itrings with Bs short ancl oblique in position, shorter than m-cu; cell M'
sessile oI very short-petiolate; vein .&f. arising opposite or basacl oforgirr of trL, { ,; bocly coloration highly polishetl, orange ancl yellorv------NDPHRoToMA Meigwings with -Es elongate, exceeding nt-clLi cell M, petiolate 1 vein M,
arising clistacl of origin of M, ! "; bocly-coloration gray pruinose (io-TTPULA l,innregional fonns)(lIuoxtIx,iti )6. Wings lvith the free tip of ^9c, often present; veins -8" and -Es fused tomargin, oulv two branches of Bs being present I antennae usually with
7
14 (Lirnoniaria) or 16 segments. (Lirnoniinini)------Wings rvith the free tip of Sc, atrophiecl; veins .8n ancl -Ilo separate, theformer usuallr transferued. to the upper ltranch, Bt * ,r, to form atlistinct elentent 3, * ,* . i usually 'with three branches of -Es present(Figs. 10-19, 14, 17-18) ; in local fauna, exceptions itt Atarba, Elephantonyia (Fig. 13), Teu,cholabis (Fig. 16), some Gonnmyia (Fig.
15) and Tororhi'na (Fig. 19), rvhere i?. is capturecl by -E, *., as abovel--- 15antennae usually rvith 1,6 segments--

352

TEri JouRNALoF TrrE DEpARTMENT oF AcRrcur,TURE

oF p. R.

7. Wings (Fig. 5) with vein R, lacking. (Heliaria)________Hnlrus St. Farg.
'Wingswith vein .E, present----r----_
8'Wings8.
with m-cu three or nrore times its orvn length before the fork ofg
M (Fig. 9): antennae 16- segmentecl. (Orimargaria)______
wings

wit}r- m,-cu close to or beyond the fork of trt, if placed. before, thedistance not or scarcely exceeding the length of the vein itself (Fig. a);antennae 14-segmented. (Lirnoniaria) ----______ l09. wings with three branches of M reaching margin, cell Jr,, being present;
m-cw beneath ls.-------:---___---_oRr\rARG-\:
orilMAMiA O. S.
wings

(Fig.

9) lvith two branches of. M reaching rnargin, cell M, beinglacking; m-cu far before origin of 8s.------oRrlr{Rc-\:
DrorREpEA o. s.
10. Supernumerary crossveins present in either eell J?' or ,/,sl ,l of t-iugs---- 11
No supernumerary crossveins in either of the cells rneutiolred----- ----- I2
11. Wings with Sc short, Scr ending opposite or before origin of fts; :r supernumerary crossvein in cell As--------------LtftoNr--\:\r:or,rtrN,oera Alex.
\\tings rvith Sc long, ending about opposite the ffolk ofl -Il.s; :r sul)ernurtrerarv crossvein in eell 1,st .1, eonnecting thr-. Aual r-eins neal theirouter end.s-----_________LrfrONI.\:DISCOBOITA
O. S.
12. Mouthparts, and especially the labial palpi, lengthened, the rostruur thus
formed much longer thau the renraind.er of head. au<l usually about aslong as the eombined heacl anrl thorax--------LrNoNra:
cEnAN,onyre l{al.
Mouthparts, with the labial palpi, not notably lengthened, shorter thanrernaind.er of heacl-______ lB
13. Autennae of urale strougly subpectinate, of fernale less rnarkedly so----__LrMoNr-\nnrrror.r Meig______ 14

Antennae sirnple iu both sexcs----14. Wings with 8c short, .Sc, ending opposite or before origin of .Rs.
_LIlrro\r,\: DICRANO,rrrIl Steph.
Wings ( !'ig. 4) rvith Sc long, 8c, ending beyond nridlcugth of .lis._____

1b.
ri;;r;;;;;;;;,*. G;;;;;il;---------------::]:ll:ll]":':I'li

Tibial spuls lacking. (Erioptcriui)--__- __________
Zz
16. Antennae rrith not nrole than 1-qsegrncuts(He-x:rtr.rurirria)_---_-..-_III.:.\.\TO]T,\:

ER,IOCER,A MACq.

Antennae rvith nrore than 14 segurents---____----_- L7
17. Wings (I'ig. 13) rvith onlv tl'o brarrches of r?s presentl vein.Ii, lacking- 18
Wings (Figs. 10-11, 14) t'ith thrr.e branches of Ils presentl vein .8,
preserved________ 19
18. Rostrunr elongate, exceecling one-half the length of remain<ler of body;wing (I'ig. 13). (Elephantouryaria)--------------ELEI'rrANroMyr.c.
O. S.
Rostrum short ancl inconspicuous, not exceeding the rernainder of head.
(Atarbaria)--------__-_--ArAnse O. S.
19. Apical cells of n'iug with macrotrichia. (Limnophilaria)___sFrANNoNor\ryrAAlex., part.
Ceils of n'ing glabrous--------------20
20. A supernumerary erossvein in cell C of the hand.sonrelypatternecl rvings(I'ig. 14). (Epiphragrnaria)---EpTpHRAcMAO. S.

TIIE

CRANE-FIJIESOF PIIERTO

353

RICO

No supernumerary crossvein in cell C; wings plain or only sparsely----- 2L
spotted'Wings(Fig. 10) with cell 7st M, open by atrophy of rn; cell M' presentl
2t.
male with elongate nocluloseantennae. (Polyrneraria)----------POLY}IERA:

I''OLYMENE.WiEtI.

Wings (Fig. 11) with cell l.st M" elosed, in cases u"here open, eell M,
lacking l antennae of both sexes short, not nodulose. (Limnophilaria)-----sHANNoNoMyA

Alex., part.

22. Rostrurn very long and slender, approximately one-half the entire bocly or
longerl setae of legs profounclly bifid; wings (Fig. 19) with a single
branch of Rs reaehing rnargin. (Toxorbinaria)-----------TOXORHTNI:TOXoR.HTNA Lw.

Rostrum short, not exceeding the remaind.er of heacll setae of legs simple;
rvings with tu'o or three branehes of .Es reaching margin (Figs. 15-18)- 23
Tn-o lrranches of Rs reaeh the'rving-margin (Figs. 15-16).
(Gonomyaria) 24----- 25
Three branches of -Rs reach the wing-margin (Ii'igs. 17-lS)(Fig.
\Yings24.
16) rrith.R, present, close to fork of -E.s; 8c usually long,.Sc, ending beyoncl origin of -I?s.--------TEUCHoLABIS: Tnucuollrrs O. S.
Wings (Fig. 15) 'rvith -6',lacking; Se short, ,Sr',ending opposite or before- . -(io^\orryr,\: r,rpclur,Eps Bcrgr.
origin of fi.s.---\trings (Fig. f7) l'ith vein -R, fuserl rvith -11,-f-- to folrn tlrc cutin: ct'phalicr
f a c e o f e e l l l . * t f [ r , r - , n t l r u s r ' l ' l i t t , r : r t , , :r ' l r , n l l t n ' . l , t ' r r t t r . l r t o' sf J /' l ' r ' r , i r t t . l r o l r l i r r|r i : rr e a e h t h e m a r g i n ; v e i n : r r i - l v l r ' . r 's l r o r t . I-------iill.\'l'l'.1'Oll l.l '. :l'.\il-\\t(J\(;O.\l .\Bruil.

Wings (fig. 18) s'ith vt'in /i,, entirell' rlistinct t'rorrr .l/, 1.. lreiug s('|itra t e d b y t h e r - n t e r o s s t e i t r : t l r r t , t ' l r r : r t t t ' l r cosf . l / r ' r . : r e thh t ' r r r ; t t g i n : ' r ' i t r-- 26lrtd A of nornral leugth---':,-Wings with eell 1l* short, vein -P" beiug shorter thrtu the petiole of cell
27
(Fig.
t'ell
Wings
18) rvith cell .P,,dcep, vein -R, longer than the petiole of-- 30
F r , s l r o r t e s ti t P r o g o n o m y i a - - - --- 28
2 7 . \\rings rvith vein -R. laeking
nlrpnoe O. S.
Wings rvith vein E, present. (Ilriopteraria)-------ERroprERA:
9 8 . Wings rvith 8c long, 8c, extending to about opposite or beyond mitllengthof R.si nt-au'at or be1'ontl.the fork of -ilf; troehanters elongate. (Eriop--RHABDorrAsrIx: sACANDeca Alex.
teraria)
Wings u'ith Sc short, not extending to beyoncl micllength of -Rs; if 8c isrelatively long (Pti,lostena), nt-cl.t,lies rnore than its otrr length befort:--------29
tlre fork of M; trochanters short. (Gouornyaria)
lleforeofM.----------fork
9 9 . Wirrgs rvitlr nr-etr,nlore than its orvn length---_-GONO}IYI-I.:

PTILOSTENE BCTgT.

Wings rvith mr-r:aat or very closc to fork of .If.---c'oNoMYrA: coNoMYra Meig.
3 0 . Wings lvith veins -8, ancl -E* tlivergcnt, unequal in length, I?' being about
one-half of -En; cell R" at margin" soure three or four tiutes as rvide as--coNoltYIA:
PRocoNoI[Yru Alex.
cell 1i.. (Gonomyaria)-----\l'ings (Fig. 18) t'ith veins -R, and l?, rtearly equal in length, or with -E
exeeeding three-fourths the length of -R., the veins extencling generally
ccll -R. at ntargin wicler
parallel to one auother to the n'ing-nlargin;
frESocYPr{oNAO. S.
than eell Rr. (Eriopteraria)-------------nRI'oPTERA:

354

TrrE JouRNAr, oF THE DEpARTMENT oF AGRrcur,TURE oF p. R.

IY. A Rsoom op rHE TIpur,rDAEKNowN Fnou Punnno Rrco,-Wrrrr
Knys AND BRrEF DucNosns oF rHE SpECTES
Subfamily Tleur,rN,rn
Megistocera longipennis (Macq.)(Fig. 1)

1838. Tipulalongipemrfs Macq.; Dipt. exot., 1, pt. l:57, pl. 5, fig. 1.
'Wulp;
Notes Irel'den
lfus., 727;
1885. Tipula tenuis van der
Tijdsch. voor Ent., 23 z 85, pl. 4, fig. 7.
Frontal prolongation of heacl brorur, the nasus clistinct; palyri blaek. Antennae 8-segmentecl,short in both sexes; scape ancl peclieel 1'ellorv. flagellurn black;frst flagellar segrnent shorter than the seeond, the rernaindt,r grtdu:rlly tlecreasing in length outwarclly. Heacl brownish gral
the anterior vcrtex antl front
yerylarge, on dorsurn separatecl lrl tlre n:lrr'ow anteriormore yellowish; eyesvertex that is only about one-thirtl lvider than the diarnt'ter of tht'scaperi on
ventral surface of heacl the eyes are broadly holoptic.
I!{esonotal praeseutum chiefly coverecl by four conflueut light bron'n stripes,
the lateral pair somewhat darker bron'l; lateral marghrs of 1'111e5(uturnbroadly
buffy. Pleura bufry-yellon', vaguely rnarked on anepisternurrr rrnd c()xae bygrayish brown areas. Legs long and filiform, brorm, the tarsi deepening tobrownish black. Wings (Fig. 1) whitish subhyaline, highll- iridtscent; stigma
dark brorvn. Venation: Vein Mn usually arising opposite or lr:rsacl of originof Mt 1r;
Rr * r angularly bent at proximal end of stignr:r. Abdornen d,ark
brown, the tergites variegaterl sublaterally with obseure 1't'llorr' lrrcas.
Male.-Length
about 11-13 nmr.; rving 15-17 nrru.
Fe,male.-Length about 1,+-17 mm.; rving 16-19 nrur.

'One of the two largest Tipulidae in the Greater Antilles, theother being Brachyytrernnau,nicolor O. S. The venation rradily suffices tb distingrish the present fly from all others. The head andthorax of the single American species are nearly glabrous whereas
in the males of the two Old World forms, the bodf is provid.ed.witha dense pale vestiture. tr'urthermore, the antennae of both Old
World speciesare enormously lengthened, rvhereasthe organ is shortin both sexes of the present fly.
Ranges from northern Florida, southrvarcl through the Antilles
and on the mainland into Brazil and Paraguay.
Puerto Rico: Recorded.by von ll,ijder (Stett. Ent. Zeitg., 1885:
338, as Tipula).
Brachypremna unicolor O. S.

(Fig. 2)

1887. Branh,gprernrnr,
unicolor O. S.; Berlin. Ent. Zeitschr., 31: 239240.
1912. BrachgprernnaumicolorAlex. ; Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soe.,20:235236, pl. 16, fig. c (wing).
Mesonotal praeseuturtr lightbrorvn, rvith narro\y, llrore or less interrupted

THE CRANE-FIJIESOF PUERTO RICO

355

blackish stripes, the usual three stripes being representecl only by marginal
rlarkeningsI each lateral stripe tlouble, the meclian vitta triple by a dark capillary median line. Pleura pale. Legs with the femora yellorv, the tips nanowly
dark brown; renrainder of legs brown, the tarsi brownish black.'Wings (Fig.
?) unusually long and. narrow, subhyaline, the small stigma dark brown; apexof wing and vague searnsaloug certain of the longitutlinal veins brown. Vena'
tion: The species difrers frorn all other mernbers of the genus in having bothveins -8, * s antl En * u arise directly from the entl of tris, obliterating the basal
section of the latter; cell 7st &t" unusually short, roughly triangular in outline;
m-eu,in alignment with the basal section of M' * ".
Abctominal tergites dark brown, the ba,sesand lateral portions of the inclivitlual segmentssom.ervhatpaler; sternites pale, with an almost continuous medianline of black dashes.
Male.-Length about 1,2-17 mm.; rving 16-22.5 mrn'
Eemate.-Length about 16-19 mnr.; wing 18-21 rnrn'

This conspicuous crane-fly is widespread throughout the Greater
Antilles, elsewherebeing reeorded.only from the island of Grenada,Lesser Antilles.
Puerto Rico: Described from the island, based on three malespecimenstaken by I'Ioritz. I have no other records from PuertO
Rico. although the speciesis commonl)' taken in Ouba and llispaniola.
It. might be expectedthat Broch!lpr('ntnatlispellens(Walk.). thecommonestancl'most rviclell' clistrillutecl tlretnberof the genus' Nould
occur in the Greater ,\ntilles, sinee it ranges frotu the Carblinian
zo11eof the eastern llnited States, southrvard on the continent toArgentina, occurring on the island of Trinidatl but nou'here else in
the West Indian islands.
The present fly may be readily told from all other North American members of the genus by the I'ong, rrerY narrow wings that havethe peculiar venation above described,and by the unvariegated legs.

Dolichopeza (Megistomastix) portoricensis (Alex.)(Fig' 3)1912. lllegistonuastirportoricensis Alex. ; Psyche, 19: 63-66, Pl. 5.
1931. Dotr,ch,opeza(Megistoma,stir); Alexander, Philippine Journ.
Sci., 46 z 270.
Antennae ( g ) very long, alnrost trvice the length of the entire horly. General coloration of bocty light brorm, the thoracic pleura paler. fregs brown.
Wings (Fig.3) light grayish brorvn,'r,rith a darker stigmal are:r; eonspieuous
maerotriehia in cells of u'ing beyoncl level of cortl (intlicatetl in figure by clots).
Male.-Length about 5 rmn.; rvi[g 7.5 mm.; antenna about 9.5 rnm.

The present fly is the smallest Tipuline speciesin the island. It
is readily told by the apically hairy wings, rvith a peculiar venation, and by the greatly elongated antennae of the male sex.

356

TrrE JouRNAL oF Tr{E DEpARTMENT oF AGriIcurrTURE oF p.
B.

Endemic in Puerto Rico. Known only from the mountainous
country of the Luquillo National Forest. Type, a 3 , EI yunque,altitude 2800 ft., February 20, 1900 (c. w. Richmond). Type-lo.
cality, a t November18, rg2s (Am. llus. Nat. Hist., No. F bll3 A).
(Besidesthe three Tipuline genera above recorded from puerto
Rieo, two other genera, I{ephrotoma and Tipula, have been taken
elsewherein the Greater Antilles.)Subfamily I_rnroNrrNAE
Tribe LrMoNrrNr
Subtribe l-rimoniaria
The only included genusin this subtribe is ltirnonla lleigen, which
is now held to include approximately a sc'oreof subgenericgroups
that until comparativelyreeently were consideredto be valid genera(as, for example, Limonia, Discobolo, Dicranomyia, Rhipiclia andGero,n6rnyia,
in the loeal fauna). For a detailed.cliseussionof thereasbnsfor relegating these groups to a minor status, a paper by
the present writer may be consulted (Alexander, philippine Journ.
Sci., 40:239-248; 1929).
Subgenus timonia I\[eig.
Limonia (Limonia) hoffmani Alex.

(Figs. 4, 6)

L927. Limonia h,oftmaniAlex. ; Journ. N. y. Ent. Soc., BE:268-266.
General coloration obscure brownish yellorr, the praescutum with three clarkbrown stripes. Antennae black; flagellar segrnents or-al, rvith short apical
peclieels. Legs dark brolrr, the tips of the femora narrol-lv obscure yellow.
Wings (Fig. 4) with a faint dusky tinge, the oval stigma clarker brown. Male
hypopygiurn (Fig. 6) rvith the single dististyle elongate, attached near micllength,
its outer lobe obtuse, setiferous, the inner lobe a loug slencler point, gra6ually
narrorved to the acute tip.
Male.-Length about 45-6 mnr.; rving -1.5-5.5 mm.
Female.-Length about b-6 nrnr.l rving 5-5.5 nun.

Endemie in Puerto Rieo. Typu, a 6 , L'quillo National Forest,
May 10-13, 1927 (W. A. Hoffman). 1 6, El yunque, lg00 feet,February 11, 1930 (n[. D. rreonard). 1 t, Las Cruces,1800 feet,
March 28, L930 (M. D. Leonard). 1 g , yauco-I-rares,in mbuntains,
resting on coffeeleaves (Sein and -Woleott).
The closestally is another Antillean species,Z. (L.) basistglata
Alex., of Jamaica.

TIIE

CITANE-}-LIES OF PUEII,TO }iI('O

ts'7(The subgenusDiscobola is not found in Puerto Rico. A new
species,Limonia (Discobola) gowileyi, from Cuba and Jamaica, isdescribedlater in the present report).
SubgenusNeolimnobia Alex.
Limonia (Neolimnobia) diva (Schin.)1868. Limnobia (Ii,uaSchin.; Novara Reise, Dipt., p. 46.
1928. Dicranomgio,(Neolim,nobia)diua Alex.; Dept. Sci. and Ag".
Jamaica, Ent. Bull. 4. Catalogusfnsectorum Jamaicensis,
pt. 3 z20-21.
L929. Limonia, (I{eolimnobia) diua, Alex. ; Philippine Journ. Sci.,
10 z 239-244.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae chiefly darh brorvn I incisures of theflagellar segrnents restrictecllv pale. Heacl velvety-black in front, paler on theposterior genae.
Mesonotal praescutunr rvith the ground-color blackish, the three usual stripes
more bronrrish yellow, the median one becoming blackish on its posterior half ;scutellum andl metlian region of scuturn yellorv pollinose; scutal lobes extensively
bronrrish black on mesal portion; cephalic portion of postnotal mecliotergite
broaclly blackenecl nrecliallv. Pleuur chiefly vellorv pollinose. Ilalteres yellow.
Femora yellorv, hanclsomelvbanclecls'ith bro*nish black: fore ancl rniclcllefemorawith tlvo brown rings, posterior femora n'ith three sueh rings I remaintler oflegs obscure orange. Wings pale ,vello\r, more saturated yellorv on preareularantl costal regions, with an abunclant reticulate or muscoitl pale brown pattern,
appearing as transversely parallel zigzag lines in rnost of the cells, more approximatecl ancl subconfluent to form broken bancls before the level of originof Rs antl along the corcl; veins yellorr. Venation: A supernumerary crossveinin cell -Er.
Male.-Length'Widely

about 6-8

mrn.; rving 8-10mm.

distributed throughout the Greater Antilles, in the mounin nbrthern South America, in Central
tains. Elsewhere'\^ridespread
America and Mexieo.
Puerto Rieo: El Yunque, Luquillo National Forest, altitude 1800
feet, February 11, 1930 (M. D. Leonard).
The peculiar banding of the femora ancl the reticulate wings
with a supernumerary crossveinin cell Ru, serve to define the present speeies. The fly bears a clrrious superficial resemblaneeto somespeeiesof the Ilexatomine genus Epipltragma. The relationships
existing betweendi'"^aantl sbmeother allied Neotropieal membersof
the subgenushave been discussedin the Alexander 1928 paper, above'
cited.

368

TEE JouRNAt/ oF TrrE DEpARTMENT oF acRrcuIJTURE oF P. B.

Subgenus Dicranomyia Steph.
Of this abundant and widespread group, only three species havebeen taken. in Puerto Rico. Elsewhere in the Antilles a few additional speeiesare found, but the subgenusis by no means as extensive arrd cJraracteristic as is Gera,nontyia.
A KHT

TO THE PITER,TO R,ICAN SPECIFA'Wingsrvith cell M, open by the atrophy of m,; -Bs very short, less thanrn-crl; 8c short, Sc, ending before the origin of Rs a distance about
equal to the entire length of the latter---- ------brcait:ena torrirla subsp.n.
Wings rvith cell 7st M, closed; .Ils tlistinctly longer than m-c'tr; Sc longer,2^9c,errclingopposite or only a little before the origin of .8s.---9. General eoloration of thorax broln, rvith a spars€ pollinosity I praescutum---d'istans O. S.
rrith three darker stripes---1.

General eoloration of thorax yellow, the praescutum without distinct---ilwisa Alex.
stripes--.--

Limonia (Dicranomyra) brevivena torrida subsp. n.
Close tb typieal breuiuena O. S. itt venation and hypopygial characters, differing chiefly in the details of botly-coloration.
Antennae rvith the seape light yellon'. Heacl with the rostrum, from andanterior vertex yellorv, the posterior vertex bro'lvnish gray.
l\{esonotum r-ellotv to brownish yello*', the praescuturn lvith three elearlytlefinerl dark l:rolvn stripes, the uredian one not reaching the suture behind, thelateral stripes erossing the suture and extending to the alrdotttetr. gradually
eonverging hehinrl to leave the eentral portions of tht seutunt, scutellutn antl
postnotal nrediotergite narrol'lv palc. Pleura palt' r'ellott', the ventral sternopleuritc restrictetllp' darkenecl.

Hahitat.-Puerto Rieo.
Ilolotl'pe, alcoholie 6 . Prterto Real. \'ieclttesIs.. at light, September 25-27, 1931 (If. D. Leonarcl). Allotopotl'pe. alebholie I . Paratopotypes, a ferv alcoholie 6 9.
The thoraeic pattern is cluite different from that of Inore northern specimensthat seem to he t1'llical of breui'"-eno,s.s.
timonia(Dicranomyia) distans (O. S . ) ( F i g . 7 )1859. Dicranom,yiad,istansO. S.: Prot'. Aead.Nat. ScinPhiladelphia,
18592211.
1869. DicranomAia distans O. S.: flon. Dipt. N. Amer., 4:67-68.
General coloration brourr, 'rvith a sparse goklen-yellow pollen. Mesonotal
praescutum 'with three darker stripes. Flagellar segments nearly globular.
Ifalteres short. Wings u'ith a faint brom tinge, the stigma scarcely inclicatecl;
veins brorvn. Venation: Sc, encling about opposite the origin of Bs, 8c, someTIIE

CRANE-FLIES OF PUERTO RICO

tlistance from its tip so that 8c, alone is nearly equal in length to m,-cu; cell
7st M" closetl.
Male hypopygium (Fig. 7) readily clistinguisheclfrom all similar forms by
the presence of 3, or more rarely 4, straight spines on the rostral prolongationof the ventral dististyle.
Male.-Length about 4.5 nrm l 'lving 4.5-5.5 uun.
ft'6m6ls.-length about 5.5-6 nrn.; rving 5.S-G nun.

A commonspeciesin the southernUnited States,occurring much
farther south on the mainland, reaching its southern lirnit in Paraguay; Puerto Rico.
Puerto Rico: Puerto Real, Vieques Is., at light, September2527, 1931 (nf. D. Leonard). Rio Piedras, February 1L9BZ(M. D.
I-ieonard).
Limonia (Dicranomyra) divisa Alex.

(Fig. 8)

1859. Dicranontyiaili',^ersaO.
S.; Proe.Aead. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
1859:212, name preoccupied.
1929. Limonia (Dicranomyia)diuisa AIex.; Philippine Journ. Sci.,
4 0: 2 4 7.
Gcneral eoloratiotr of bocll' 1'cllorr. IIead rllrrkened. ,\nttnrrat pale Itronm,
the basal segtrtt'trts paler. Ilaltcres u'ith tht' knolrs da,rkened. \\'ings rvith afaint brownish tinge, the oval stignra sliglrtl'r' darkt'r. \-t'n:rtiou: Sc, ending
shortly before the origin of -Es, ,\e. sonre distirncc floru its tip, ^\r., alone suboqual to or longer than nt.-r,u; cell 1st M, closc.cl. Il:rle hr.pop.vgiuur (Fig. 8),
distinctive in structure, the rostral prolongation of the rentral dististyle being
cleeply ancl conspicuously bificl at apex, rvhile the basistyle has the ventro-mesal,
Iobe very large and cornplicated by lobules aucl groups of ron's of setae of various
shapes and sizes.
Male.-Length
about 3.5-4 mnr.; u'ing 4-4.b mrn.

Eastern North Arnerica, recurring in the rnountains of Ilispaniola
and Puerto Rieo.
Puerto Rico: El Yunque, 1800 feet, February 11, 1gB0 (M. rr.
L,eonarcl). The sarne, altitude 2000-3500feet, Mareh zg, 1gB0 (I\[.
D. Leonard).
Subgenus Rhipidia Meig.
Besides the eommon and widespread dotnestica, discussedbelow,
trro other species of Rh,ipidli,ooecur in the Greater Antiiles and may
be found in Puerto Ricb. L. (8.) schwarz'i (Alex.) is widely distributed in the southeastern United. States and. West Indian islands.
It. is readily told from ilomestica by the numerous brown dots in alleells of wing and by the broad pale yellow border to the mesonotal
praeseutum. Both of these flies belong to the so-called ilomestiea

360

THE JOURNAI, OF TrlE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE OF P. R.

group, having the antennae of the male merely subpeetinate. A(AIex.) is known fromsecondregional species,-t. (R.) str,bcostalis
Jamaica and Central Ameriea. This fly belongs t'o a very different
group of Rllipiili,a and,may readily be distinguished by the conspiciuouspale yellow posterior tarsi. For a more detailed account, consult a paper by the writer (The Crane-fliesof Jamaiea. Dept. Sei.
and Agr. Jamaica,Ent. Bull. 4zt9-29; 1928).
timonia (Bhipidia) domestica (O. S.)
1859. Rhipid,ia domestieoO. S. ; Proc. Aead. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
1859; 208.
O. S.; Mon. Dipt. N. Amer.. 4, pl. 3, fig.
1869. Rhipidi,a dom,estieo
5 (male hypopygtum).
1912. Rhi,piilio,domesticaAlex.; Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soe.,8: 15-16,
pl. 1, fig. g (wing).
1919. Rhipidia domesticaAlex.; Crane-fliesof New York, part 1.
pl. 32, fig. 40 (wing).
Antennae subpectinate,appearing moniliform; segmentsblaek, with the penultimate ancl antepenultimate (]9th ancl 13th) segments ahruptlv pale yellow.
Eeatl tlark graY.
Mesonotal praeseuturn rvith the stripes clark bros'n, the interspaees rvith agoltlen-yellow pollen. Legs obseure yellorv, the tips of the femora ancl tibiae'Wingssubhyaline, the eenters of most of the cells streakecl
weakly darkenecl.
gray:a seriesof abnut fire rlarker spots along the costal
longituflinallv rrith paleborrler of wing; stigmal area rinc-like. rvith a pale eenter. Venation: Sc,
sonle clistaneebefore the fork of M,
encling;lust lrc'foremicllength of l?'s: ?71-r?t,ll-crritself.
in easesthe tlistnneeexeoeclillq'
7f ale.-Lensth about 4.5-6 nlrrl.: rsing 5.5.-7 mm.
Temale._T.rcngtha'hout 6-6.5 mm.; rring G-7 mm.

'Witlell-tlistributed throughout the southern Unitecl States.from
the Carolinian zone sonthward throughout the Antilles and on the
cbntinent to Argentina.
Pnerto Rieo: nlanati. June 27-29, 1915 (A.X[.N.H.). Santuree,
April 4, 1930 (If. D. Leonard). Rio Pieclras,l\fareh 12, 1930 (M.
D. I-,eonarcl). CoamoSprings llotel, at light, April 4, 1930 (i\I. D.
Leonard). Puerto Real. Viequesfs., at light, September25-27, 1931
(1\I.D. Leonarcl).
The flv is readily tolcl by the eolorationof the antennae,the two
subterminal segmentsbeine pale yell'ow, eontrasting abruptly withthe blaekenedremainder of the organ. L. (R.) scltwarzi'has a somewhat similar' antennal pattern, but is readily distinguishedby theeolorationof the wings and thorax, as cleseribedabove.

TIIE

CRANE-FIJIES OF PUERTO RICO

361

Subgenus Geranomyta Hal.
Rather numerous speciesof Geranomgia,occur in Puerto Rico.
In addition to these forms, which are keyed and discussedbelorv,
a few other speciesare known from the other Antillean islands andmay be found in Puerto Rico. Elsewerein the Neotropics,the subgenusis represented.
by a host of species.
The lalvae of the known speciesare chiefly membersof the hygropetric associationsfound on the wet faees of cliffs, at margins
of streams and in similar places. The adults suek the nectar ofvarious flowers by means of their long conspicuousbeaks. The only
other crane-fliesin the fauna lvith elongaterostra arc Elephantom,yia
and Tonorhina, in which the entire frontal region bf the head isdrawn out into a fiIiform structure, with the reduced mouthparts at
the extreme tip. fn Geranomyia,however, several structures takepart in the formation of the rostrum, the longest and most conspicu'ous elementsbeing the paired. labial palpi.A KEY IO THE PUERT\) RICAN SPECIES
1. Wings unmarketl, except for the stigmal spot rvhen this is present--Wings rvith a restricterl dlrk patteln, irr addition to the stigrnal alea----2
6

2. Sc, encling opposite the origin of Bs.---Sc, ending tlistinctly bel'oncltlrc origin of -8.s,alrout opposite ouc-fifth to
one-thirrlthe length of thc lcin------

35

3. Fore tibiae rvith the tips hlaekened.ancl slightly enlargecl-4----t'ufescens (Lw.)
I'ore tilriae not blackene<lor enlargecl at tips-,|'

4. Male hypopl'giurn rvith the spines of the rostral prolongation of the ventral
clististyle exc:'r.dingtwice the length of the prolongation alone; gonapophyseslvith llrt: mesal-apicallobe distinctly bidentate at apex-___{_____
tibiati,s (Lw.)
Ifale hypopygiui,r rvith the spines of the rostral prolongatiou of the ventral
dististl'le shot",cr, a iittle longer than the prolongation itself ; gonapoplivses with rr:crely a lateral flange on the mesal-apicallobe----- nyersiana Alex.
5. General coloration gre)'r the praeseutum rvith a median blackish stripe;
rostrunr short, approxirnately one-third the length of the botly--------------ctrtereinota (Alex.)life
grecn,
palingpale
General coloration into yellorv or grecnish yello'w
in cleaclspecirnens.:rostrum elor-rgate,exceedingone-half the length of---uit'escens (Lw.)
the botly
6. \\:ings with a vlrv restrictecl clark pattern; apex of wings be,voncllevelf stigrna and tips of the Anal veins rvithout dark markings; fore tibiae
not darkenetlat tips--------subrecisa sp. n.
Wings t'ith the tlark pattern more extensive, inclutling cloucls in the apicaleells ancl at enrls of both Anal veias I fore tibiae conspieuouslyblackenecl--antillarum Alex.
ancl enlargecl at tips------

362

TEE JOITBNAL Orl TEE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICUITURE

OF P' R'

timonia (Geranomyia) antillanrm AIex'1929. Limania (Geranomg'in)antil,LarurmAIex. ; Journ. N. Y. Ent'
Soc.,37: 395-396.
gray stripes, the lateral
Mesouotal praescuturn rvith four bro*-nish gray tobrorm to black'pair usually clearer gray than the intermediates, the interspaees
fenrora yellow,
Pleura buffy-gray, variegatecl rvith dark brolln. Legs with thecspecially thtr
darkened,
wigr a broatl bros'n subtemrinal ring; tips of tibiae
rvith a restricted" fore tibiae which are sliglrtly srvollen and blackened.. Wings
its proximal end
dark brorvn pattern; arca, orer origin of -8s narrow, oblique,edge not or ]rut
l.ving over end of vein Sc; stigrnal area shallorv,its posteriorcaurlal margins of,rigt tty passing cauclaclof vein l, *r. Abdomen brorvn, thethe segtuentsnarron'lv 1rale.
7 '5-8 mm';Male.-Length, exclutling rostruur, about 7-7.5 utm.; s'ing
rostrum about 3 nlrn.
Femalc.-Length,
rostrum about 3.9-4

excludiilg

rostruttt,

about

8-9

llull.;

lvitrg

7'3-8

lllur';

llllll.

Knorvn from aII four major islancls of the Greater Antilles.
Plerto Rico: coamo springs Hotel, at light' April 4, 1930 (M.
D. Leonard) ; the same, April 10, 1930 (w. T. 1\'I.Forbes).
This species is allied to and has been confused with the mol"enorthern ,. (G.) rostrata (say). From this latter species,it difters
espeeially in its larger size, subterminal darkened' rings on femora,,ru""onu." rvings, rvith a slightly different pattern' and in the cletails<ill the male hYPoPYgium.
Limonia (Geranomyia) cinereinota (Alex')cineyeinotaAlex.; Ent. Nelt's. 212 407-408,pI' 14,1f)1:J.Gerrntontllin,
fig. 4 (u'ing).
Alex.: Proc. Aeacl.Nat. Sci. Phita1f)16. (]ct.lltont!tiu,d6ntinqensis: 490-491.
tlelPhia.11)16
R o s t r r u l 5 l 1 p r . t . : l s s h o ' r v nl r ) ' t l t t ' t t t c : t s u r c t t r t ' t r t . l l e a c l l - r l a c k , e n c l o s i n g a
J[esorrotal pr:ttscututtt grll]-, rrith n lrroacl blackish mediansilvery trialglt'.
line. Legs rvitl t|e fenrorll olrscure ltlltr'tv; tilriat'arttl tarsi passing to brow-n.
Wings nearlv h"valiue, the stigrrr:r snrall ittttl rt'lativelf iuclistinct. Venation: Se,with thc
enclilg a5out opposite one-foulth the length of Fs. \[ale hypopygium
prolongatioil
Rostralsetiferous.
eonspicuousl"vlateral lolles of the ninth tergite
placetl at and beforeof the ventral dististylc, elongate', tlre trro rostral spines
about
equal to the basal:ttlistance
rnicllength, separated flonr one anotlter bv
longcrtubercle 9f one I spines unequal, tltt' outer alrout one-third to one-halfthan the inner sPine.
excluding rostrunr, about 5-5.5 mm.; wing 6.5-7 mm.;Male.-Length,
rostrum about 1.8 ttrm.
exclutling rostrutrt, about 5.5-6
Female.-Length,
rostrum about l-.6 mm.

rnrn.; rving 5.5-Zmm.;

THE CRANE.FLIES OF PUERTO IT,ICO

3tr3

Northern South America, northward in the Antilles to Puerto
It,ico and llispaniola.
November19, 1925 (A.II.N.H. No. F
Puerto Rico: l\,Iameyes,
5114A). Rio Piedras,March 12, 1930 (M. D. Leonard). I-:uquillo
National tr orest, IIal' 10-13, 7927 (w. A. Iloffman). El Yunque,
L,uquillo,altitude 1800 feet, February 11, 1930 (n'I. D. I-reonard).
Limonia (Geranomyia) myersiana Alex'
myersianoAIex'; Jolrn' N' Y' Bnt'
1929.I''i,monia(Geranontyia')'Soc.,37: 397-398.
rvith three narrow
Genernl eoloration pale brorvn. Ilesonotal praescutum
Wings faintly
yrale brorvn stripes. Tips of fore tibiae eonspieuousl;-blackenecl'
Sc short,
Venation:
iinged, unmarkecl exeept for the oval, pale brorvn stigma.
hypopygium rvith thesc, ending opposite or shortly before origin of -R.s.Male
the outer eclge
rncsal-apical lobe 0f the gonapophyses slelder, gently curvecl,
in tibialis'
hearing a small flange. Dorsal clististyle considerably longer thanmrrr.;
5.3-6
rving
excluiling rostrum, about 4-4.5 nrrn.;
Ifale._Length,
Iostrunl about 2.3-9.7 ntrtr.

Knou'n onll' frorn Culla ancl Puerto Rico'
Puerto Rico : El Ylnr1ue. Lurluillo National l'ot'est. altituc'le180()
feet, February l-1. 1930 (IvI. D. Leonard).
l,I' thr:
Allied to L. (C.) ti.biulis (L,rv.). l'et rvell-rlistinguishccl
structure of the male hYPoPYgium.

Limonia (Geranomyia) rufescens (Irw.)
lgirl.

AporosantfescensLrr.; T,,inn.Ent.. 5:396-397, figs. 9-12.

the thoracie
General coloration of bodv reclclish 1'ello'rv, more intense on
stripes,d()rsurn. I\{esonotal praeseutum l-ith three brorn'nish lllack longitutlinal:tntl
femoraTips
ofthe 'reclian one trroader. Knolrs of halteres infuscated.
at tips'tihiae slightly tl.arkenecl, but the fore tibiae not enlargecl or blackenecl
Wings with a grayish brolrn suffusion; stigrna large, brou-n'
exclucling rostrutn, about 5 mrn'
Fematc.-Length,

Known onl.v frotn Puerto Ricq: Loewts original type, cbllectecl
hv Moritz.
There is great uncertainty as to the iclentity of this species'
I.6\\-p's cleseription ancl figJuresinclieate that the fore tibiae are rtot
6lackeneclat tips. otherwise the fly is ahnost exactly like lvhat wehave identified as r. (C.) tibialis (I-rrv.). The only fly that answers
thc 4escriptibn given by Loew that has been diseoveretliu the Antilles is .tibiatis and it is possible that the two speeiesare identical.
Horvever. since Loew distinctly figures ,'ufescensas having the fore
legs ytresentin his type, it seemsaclvisablefor the present to retain
nies(ens as being distinct from tibialis.

364

TrrE JouRr\iArr oF TrrE DEpARTMENT or. AGRrouI/TURE oF, p. R.

T.imonia (Geranomyia) subrecisa sp. n.
Allied to recisa; general coloration of mesonotum light brown,with a pale yellow central stripe that is further split 'on praescutumby a median brown vitta; femora with a narrow pale brown subterminal ring; wings with fl, v€ryr restricted. dark pattern; Scr ending opposite origin of .Es; a supernumerary crossvein in eell Sc;
male hypopygium with the rostral spines arising from small toscarcely evident tubereles; gonapophyseswith the mesal apical lohes
u'ider than in recisa.
tr[ale.-l'ength,
about 1.8 urnr.
ITemale.-Length,
about 2 mrn.

exclucling rostrum, about 5 rnm.;

rving 5.3 mm.:rostrur:r

exclucling rostrunr, about 6 mur.I

rving 5.5 mrn.;

roslrum

Deseribecl from aleoholic speeimens.
Rostrum relatively short, dark brown, the extrerne tips of the labial palpi
pale. Antennae brown throughout;flagellar segrnents oval. Ilead darli gr:-r.v,
with a narrow silverl,' )ine.
Pronotum brourr. Ifesonotum light brorvn, traversed. by a palc yellorv eeutral
vitta extencling the entire length of the notunr, rvicler on the praescutunr aud
here enclosing a tlarker brourn rnedian vitta;
on posterior sclerites the pale
eentral vitta is narron'ly marginetl with clarker. Pleura chiefly testaeeous brorn'n.
Halteres pale, the knobs infuscatecl. Legs t'ith the coxae and troehanters vello'w:
femora vellow, the tips somen'hat clearer yellorv, precerled bv a narror\- palebrorm ring; tibiae antl tarsi bro'n-nish yellorv. Wings gr:rlish subhyaline, *,itha verr restricted. browrr pattern, the nrost evirlent areas being three in number,inelucling the stigma, antl sutall eloucls :rt the sul)ornuurelary erossvein in cell Sc
and over the origin of ll.s ancl ti| of Sc; eortl verv vaguely seametl with brown ;veins broul.
\rcnation:
Sr', err4ing opposite origin of n.s, Sc, at, its tip;asupernurrrerarv erossvein .just bevond nritllength of eell Sc: m-cu elose to forkof M; eell lntl ,1 nArro\\'.
'r'ellorr, r'arie.g'ated hv tlarker broun, the latter chiefly on
Ab<lotnen brollish
the lateral a.nrl eaudal portions. lIale h1'popygium with the caudal margin of
tergite strongly eurarginate, the lobes l'ith strong setae. Basistyle relatively
stnall, the ventro-mesal lobe large. Dorsal dististyle a gently curvecl rotl, its
apex sucltlenly narrowed to a point. Ventral clististyle large anrl fleshy I rostralprolongation slender, the two slender rostral spines placert close together nearbase of prolongation rvhich they exeeed in length; spines arising fronr very snrall,searcely evident tubercles. Gonapophyses with the mesal apieal lobe rvider thanin recisa.

Habitat.-Puert'o Rico.
Holotype. alcoholic 6 , Puerto ReaI. \rieques Is.. at light, September 25-27, 1931 (l[. D. I-:eonard). Allotopotype, a]eoholie 9.
Li,monia (Geranont,yia)subracisais most nearly allied to L. (C.)
recisa,'\lex. (i\,Iexico-El Salvador) in the shbrt Sc, in conjunetion
l'ith the wing-pattern an.l general structtrre of the male hypopygiunr.

TIIE

CRAhIE-FLIES OF PUERTO R,I(IO

It differs most decisively in the narrow cell 2nd A of the wings andin genitalic structures, as the red'uced'basal tubercles of the rostralspines of the ventral dististyle and in the broader apical lobes of
the gonapophyses.
Limonia (Geranomyta) tibialis (Lw't
1851. Aporosa tibiahisIrw.; Linn. Ent', 5: 397-398'
yellow,
Itostrum long, black. General coloration of mesonotum light brownish
meclianthethe praescuturn with three nar.row but clistinct cla^rkbrown stripes,
tips of the
stripe longest, narrorr,ed behintl. Legs chiefly obscure yellow, thefore tibiae
femora lYeakly infurled; tips of tibiae narrorvly darkened, of thetheslightly srvollen and intensely blackenetl. Wings with a sancly suffusion,'Es, Sc, at its.ti!,rra a little darker. Venation z 8c, entling opposite origin oflong andtip. Male hypopygium rvith the rostral spines of the ventral dististyle
bitrtlstraight, tlivergeni, each arising from a small basal tubercle' Gonapophyses
at apices.
Male.-Length, exclucliug rostrum, abgut 4.5-5 rulrl.; rving 5-55
rostrum about 2.8-iJ mnr.
Female.-Length, exclutling tostrutn, about 5.5-6 nrn.: rving 5'5-ti
rostrum about 3-.3.5 lurlt.

mrn';
urut';

Originally described frbm Rrazil. llow ktrown to have a v?rst
rang€ in the Neotropics.
Puerto Rico: Puerto Real, Vieques Is., a.t light. September 2r't27, 1931 (NI. D. I-ieonard.).

Limonia (Geranomyira)virescens(Lw.)
Lw. ; Linn. Ent., 5: 398.
1851.Aporosauirescens
General coloration of entire insect pale green, facling in tleath to yellow,
but usually with persistent green tints on some parts of bocly. Antennae black;flagellar segments subglobular. Mesonotum without markings' Wiugs nearly
tryitine, the stigma pale brown. \renation: Sc, encling some clistance beyontl
origin of Bs.
Mate.-,Length, exclucling rostrum, about 4 mm.; wing about 5 mm.1 rostmm
about 2.8 mm.

Described.from the islancl of St. Thomas,Virgin Island, collected
b1 lforitz. The reference of the Puerto Itican specimensto airescensis rend.eredsomewhattloubtful becauseof inability to study thedetail of strlctlre of the male hypopygilm of the t.r-pe' A small
arc non' known
number of alliecl speciesof small green Qsv'Qnolttyia
from lliddle America.
Puerto Rico: TrlS Cruees.altitucle 1:100feet, llarch 28, 1930(]t. D. I-reonard)

66

TEE JOURNAIJ oF THE DEPARTMENT oF AGR,ICUI,TURE oF P. R.

Subtribe Heliaria
The only included genusin this subtribe ts Hel,i,usst. Farg., richin speciesand occurring in all regionsof the 'World. In the Greater
Antilles, two speciesoccur, with one in puerto Rico.
Ilelius (Helius) albitansis (O. S.) (tig. b)
1887. Rhantph'id,inalbitursis o. s.; Berlin. Ent. Zeitschr.,81: 184.
General coloration rather dark brown, the pleura paler, more yellowish. Bostrum about one-thircl longer than the remainder of head, brownish. Antennnae
black throughout; verticils eonsiderably ionger than the segrnents. Legs clarkbrown, the <listal half of tarsi *'hite or rvhitish. \Ving (Fig. b) with a strong
blackish tinge, the elongatestigma even darker brorvn. Venation: Sr:, en6ing before termination of 1ls, Sc,at its tip i r-m very short or obliterated by the fusion ofveins R, * , and M' | ,,1 cell lsl tr[, rarge, roughly pentagonal or hexagonal in
outline, the longest elements being the tlvo sections of tr[, ! "; lr-ar at near
mitllength of the cell. Abdonren, inclucling flre hypopvgium, black.
Male,-Length about 6-T mm.; wing 6.5-2.5 nrnr.
Female.-I.'ength about 6.5-.8 mm.; rving 6.b-g.b nrrn.

The speciesis rviclely distributed in Central anrl northern SouthAmerica.
Puerto Rico: The type, a d , rvastaken in puerto Rico by Moritz.
Lrrtluillo National Forest, ntay 10-18. 1927 (w. A. Hoffman).
Helius albitursis is reatlily told l:p' the dark colbration of the body
antl lvings. in conjunction rvith the u-hite feet. In the present fauna,
the only other cr€lne-flr'having this general size and appearance isTrentepohlia, (Parantongome) nit,eitarsis (Alex.), a very different
fly. The Jamaicatt Heltt.s ('t'('perAlex. is rvell-distinguisheclfrom
albitarsis by the venation. notably the small cell ist IIz ancl consetluent full rleveloltruentof the ,,-?r,crossvein.
(No representatir-esof tlre genus or-tmarg,ao.,S., sole Arnerican
genus in the subtribe Orimargaria, have yet been taken in puertoRico. Both the t.rpieal subgennsand Diotrepha O.S. are found in
Cuba and it seenlshighll- probable tltat Oritlxun!]a (Diotreplm) ntirabilis (O.S.) l-ill be fountl to occur in Puerto Rico. It is readily
told by the ver.v remarkable venation (Fig. g), notablS' the basal
position of m-cu. The fly is an elongate insect. grayish, witJr long'rvhite legs, the femora rvith broadly
blackenecltips, the tibiae morenarrowly so. A ne'vvCnban melxber of the t.vpical subgenus is described later in the present report.)
Tribe FlaxeroulNr
The Hexatomine crane-flies are not strongly represented in the
Greater Antilles. rn Puerto Rico, three genera occur. Elsewhere

T1IE

CRANE-}'LIES

OF PUERTO

RICO

367

in the islands, a felv additional groups are found (Upiphra7ffia,
Atorba, Eleplrnntorrtyio). Eftiphragmo includes medium-sized torather large crane-flies with the wings hand.somelybanded and" variegated rvith brou'n and with the femora variously ringed. with yellovr
ancl clark brorvn or black (FiS. 14). EleTthantomyia, is readily
told by the greatly produced fr'out, the only other local crane-fly
with slrch a tylre of rostrum being the Eriopterine genus Tororhina
which is reaclily told from all other crane-flies by having a single
branch of Bs reaching the 'lving margin (compare Elephantomyia,
fig. 13 and Tororldna, fig. 19). Aturba has many species in the
Neotropics ancl representatives lnal' \rell be expected t:o occur in
Puerto Rico.
Subtribe Polymeraria'Wied.,
fncludes in America ouly the genus Polynteraa large andeminently characteristie genus in the Neotropics, with nlore than ascr'oreof described fonus. Tu'o sllecies range northward- into thesoutheastem lJniterl States. u'hile trvo otlrers occllr in the Greater'
Antilles. Of these. onlv qenicul,utuhas been taken in Puerto Rico.
Polynt'era obscuru llactl. has lreerr forrnrl in C1uba.tltencc ranging
southward over nost of South Aruerica.

Polymera (Polymera) geniculata Alex.

(FiS. 10)

1915. Polymera genieu.lataAlex.; Insee. Inscit. l\[enst., 3:106-107.
Flagellar segments of male binocloseI brorvnish black, the second to sixth
segments narrorvly antl inclistinctly paler at incisures. Legs brown, the genua
pale. the conspieuouspale femoral tip prececleclby a d.arker bronm ring; extrenre base of tibia sirnilarlr pale; tarsi brown, the posterior tarsi of a slightly
paler shaclethan the remaining tarsi. Wings (Fig. 10) u'ith l?, *, about twice-R. a.lone,basal section of .8, slightly arcuated, a little longer than r-rtt; 'm'cat.just beyond the fork of M; eell .lf' shallorv.
Male,---I'ength about -1 lun.; x'ing 4.8 mrn.: anttnna allout 7-8 mItr.

Knolvn only from Puerto Rico. Type, Carolina, altitude 100 feet,in crab-holes under rocks, September LL, 1914. A second speeimenrras reared b1- W. A. Ifoffman from a pupa taken Febmary 20. 1927,
in an eclclyof a rapidlr' flowing rocky stream at Barranquitas, rvhere
it rras assoeiatetlrvith larvae of a speciesof Di.ro; the adult emergerl
Felrrrrar'1'21. 1927.
Subtribe l-:irnnophilaria
The vast subtribe Limnophilaria is represented in the Greater'oflntilles n1l1' bv several cliversespeeie-s SftQnnonom?liar\lex.

368

TEE JoURNATJor' TEE DEFARTMENT oF AcnrcurrTrlnp

oF p. B.

Genus Shannonomyia Alex.
1929. Shannonom,giaAlex.; Diptera Patagonia and South Chile, 1:
142-143.
The speeiesof Shannonornuin,are numerously represented in SouthAmerica. In the Greater Antilles, 6 species ha.r'e been disco.r'ered,
there being two each in Cuba, Puerto Rico and Jam aiea. No representatives of the g€nus have yet been taken in Elispaniola but must
eertainly occur. The Antillean species show sorne remarkable tendenciesof venation, notably the shortening of vein ^Scand the reduetion in size of eell Rg of the wings. rn eases,eell 7st M2 is greatly
lengthened (as in leonnrdi, fig. 11). In still other species,the cellis open by the atrophy bf crossvein na (as nr,ryersiana,,Alex.,
nnereaAlex., triangularis Alex.). The Jamaican ^Y.maersiarxcis very remarkable in the elongate antennae of the male sex and in the presence of macrotriehia in the apieal cells of the wing.
A I{EY

TO l.HEPI'RRTO RI(I.\N SPN(-'IES

l. Cell 1st M, of the lr-ings elongate, elosed, exeeeding the veins beyoncl it(Fig. 11) I rvings n'ith a restrietccl brorvn spotted pattern---leonardi, sp. n.
cell lst -tr[" open by the atrophy of nr ; u-ings unurarked, ex(rept for thc
small stigmal alea---.lritn0rtlari.* {lgx.

Shannonomyia leonardi sp. n.

(filg. ll )General eoloration pale vellorv; l'ings 'r-ellpl' rvit[ rr r.estr.iett{ dark broryn
spottecl pattern that is eonfined.to the veins and el'ossvt'ins: ^\r.short,.E, about
one-half n.*.,eell -R, lteing sltort: eell /.sl J/- <.loscrl,lorrg lrrrl nflrrolv, exceeding
anv of the veins belond it.
flale.-Lengthnlrout -l nrnr.: r.,'ing :].H-+ nn)r.
pp21.qlp.-f,ength about ;J rturr.; n'ing ii..1.
Deseribed fronr alcoholic sper.intells.
Il,ostruttr vellttrv: palyri clark bron'u. ,\ntenna.e short in both sexes: seapeand pedicel 1-ellorv; the short, r.r'()\\'dedfl:rgcllar segrtrerrts dark brown. Heatl
pale yellorv.
llesonotal pracscutuut aud scutunr bright vellorv, the rema.inder of rlorsurn
nrore w'hitish 1-ellorr; scutellunr luol'e ur less darkened. Pleura rvhitish yellow.
Halteles pale. Legs rrith the eoxae anrl trochanters whitish; remaind.er of legs
broken. Wings (Fig. 11) 1'ellorr',rvith a restrictecl dark brorvn spotted patteru,
as follorvs: At arc:ulus; oligin of lls; ,Scr, the last t'wo elemcnts sonretimes
confluent; stigrna; eorcl anrl outer cncl of eell lst lfo; margirral sea.rlrson veins
R", M, * ,, Mr, Mo, C,u,.,a.ncl 2ttil A t veins lellow, broun in thc tlarkened &reag.
Venation: Prearcular eells extensile ; Sc unusually short, Sc, ending shortly
lreyontl origin of -R.s,^Srr,il short clistancc f ronr its tip I 1l: sullequal to R, * zi
-Rs of moderate length, angulatecl and rveakll' spurrecl at origin; eell -R, relatively
short, R, being about three-fourths of Ilr*r:cell 7st Mr long and narrow, exeeeding any of the veins bevoncl it; rlr and basal section of M' sultequal1' m-cu beyond
fork of M; vein ?nd zl eurved into ,4nal nr:rrgiu.

TIIE

CRANE-I"LIES

OF PITERTO IiICO

369

Abtlomen brownish yellow, the lateral margins narrowlY darker; hypopygium
pale, only the tips of the outer ilististyle blackenetl'

Habitat.-Puerto Rico.
Holotype, alcoholic 6 , El Yunque, I-:uquillo National Forest, aItitude 1800feet, February 11, 1930 (M. D. Leonard). Allotopotype'alcoholic 9. Paratopotype,alcoholic 6.
I take g1eat pleasure in naming this distinct crane-fly in honorof the collector,Dr. Ilortirner D. Leonard. The speciesis very different from all other describedmembersof the genus' being readilyt'old by the combination of spotted.wings, unusually short Sc andelongate ceII 7st Mz. The medial field is about as in the Cuban S.
Alex., but the other details of venation are quite d'ifm,esophragrno
ferent.
Shannonomyiatriangularis (Atex.)
1927. Pil,ariatriangu,larisAlex.; Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soe..35 270-271.
General e.oloration pale brurrn. IIcatl brou'nislt hla<'l:. paler anteriorly.
FemoraAntelnae with scape ancl pedicel ollscurc vellon'; llagt'llurlt ti:it'li lltorvtl'
pale
and tibiae verv pale brorvn. \Yings gln.r'ish sttblrvrrlitrc,tltt' sttt:lll stignra
otteaildont--tlriltl
iretu't't'tt
browrr. Venation: Sc of rnocleurtcitugtlt, ,\r', t'ttrlittg
as inhalf the length of Rs; cell y'i,,srrrall:rutl tri:tttgul:tr itt outlilre, sottte$'lt:tt'trophylrY
thc(iorirrtrtr/irt:
o|t'ttcell 1.,;l)[2spec:iesof the Eriopteyilc sulrgi,ntrs
forkof -l/. I.tr sotlre specilr:'' ts, cellthe
lrt'r'ond.
of trt,1 rn-cu at or only shortll/.'..
,6, is a little cleeper but iu all cirses originates l-reyontlthc level of veilr
futate.-Length about 4.5 rlun.: n'ing 4-4'5 rtrtn'
psn16l2.-Length about 5 tlttlr.; rving 5 nrnl'

Knorvn only from Puerto Rico and. apparently restricted to thelltountainous sectibn of the L,ucluillo National Forest' Type' l'Iay
10-13. 1927 (W. A. Iloffman). Also at 1800 feet, February 11 and]Iareh 29. 1930 (II. D. I-,eonarcl).
Subtribe llsx-rr'oM-lnn
Tlre subtr:ibeineluclesthe single genus He't:atomcLatr" now eolrsidr.redas |aving three subgenera,olle of rvhieh, Eriocera' Mact1..isfotrrrcl in the Greater Antilles. Er'iocerct.is one of the largest andurost characteristicgroups of crane-{liesin the \\torld. t'ith approximatell' 200 describeclspeciesof Iarge and usuallrr "horv1'flies- These
are most characteristieof the tropies of both hemispheres. In theforrning a somewhat-\ntilles. eight speeieshave now l)een cliscoverecl,
peculiar gtoup. These species are founcl in all four of the maior
islands l-1rt 10 oll(, species ocetlrs in lnore than a single island.

370

TrrE JouRNATJoF THE DEpARTMENI oF AGRTcuLTURuoF p. R.

It is very probable that several additional specieswill be discovered
as a result of future collecting.
The early stages of Edocera are aquatic or nearly so, the large
carnivorous larvae going to dryer land to pupate. The adults sometimes occur in large swarms, usually close to large streams or rivers.
A KEY

1.

TO TIIE

PUERTO RIC:\N SPECIES'Wingswith three darkened bands, the first at the wing-root, the second atorigin of Bs, extencling across the rving and being connected s'ith thebasal band in the Anal cells; rring-apex chiefly dark, rvith tht' eentersof cells R', Ro, ?nd trfz and M, gravish-hyaline; thorax ve]lorvish rvitha grayish blue pruinosity, especially on the pleura and coxae; abclomen
lvith blackish bancls on anterior nnrgins of the segnrents, the incisures
yellorvish_______trifasciata (Riider)
Wings with an interrupted brown pattcrn that is ocelliforur at the originof Rs; thorax light orange, unrnarketll abdomen x'ithout blackish banrls

unifomrrvr';rackened-----j:::::11 trvosegrnents
ocettiferu
Alex'
Hexatoma (Eriocera) ocer;;tJ:l :T :::l']ll,-ll'

1915. Eriocera ocellifero,Alex.; Insec.Inscit. rfenst., B: 10t-10b.
Antennae pale. Heatl dark. Thorax entirely clear light or.lngc. Femora
dull yellow, their apices narron4y dark brown; tibiac and tarsi lrl:rek. Wings
light yellow, rvith cell C d.ark broum: an interruptecl narro\\'dirrk baud along
eorcll an ocellifornr darkening eentering at or.igin of lis: rviug-tip narrowly
ntarginecl with brorvn. Venation: Oell -lll, laeking; X. * " abont one-half longer
than 8r. Abdotnen orange, the terurinal trvo segnrents blaekened.
Male.-I'ength about 1(1.5nlnl.: rving 9.8 rrurr.

Knorvn onll- frout the ttnirlue t]'pe. taken at llayagiiez, Deeember+. 1913, lr]'R. II. \-arr Zl-alurvenhru.g.
norr in the U. S. National
1\[useum.
Hexatoma (Eriocera) trifasciata(Rijder)

1885. Erioaera trif ax'iotrr ltiider; Stett. Ent. Zeitig., 4GBB8.
The detailetl tliaenosisgiverr in the above key ineludes about allthat is knorvn of this fly.
Like the last, is is knou'n from the unique type only, this having
been taken in Puerto Rieo b}' Gundlaeh, whb reports the speciesas
being rare.
The venation of the closell' allied H. (8.) cubensis (Alex.) isshorvn (Fig. 12).
Tribe EnroprnnrNr
Several genera antl subgenerA of this great tribe are founcl in
the Greater Antilles, the most abundant and characteristic groups

THE

37L

CP,ANE-FI-,IES OF PUER'TO RIC'O

f,ui.g Gonomgia,Teucholabisand Erioptera. The small species ofthe subgenusLipoph'l,eps(Gonomyia) are especiallywell-represented
in Puerto Rico'subtribe Gonomyaria
This includes only Gonomyia and Teucholabis in the Antilles.
Of these,only Gonomyio,with a single subgenusLt'pophlepsBergr',
is found in Puerto Rieo. Lipophl,epsis a very extensivegroutr)'rvith
appr'oximately100 described.species,distributed.in all regions of theWorld but especially characteristic of the American tropics. n'Iem'
l-ers of this group are often swept from rank vegetation near water.
The adults, especially the females,are commonly attracted to lights
in the evening and may be found. in housesthe following day.
t\

KEY

TO THEPUERTO RICAN

SPECIES(Basetl. espeeially on male genrtahc characters;
1 . Wings with cell M, open by the atrophy of the basal section of Mr; eostal
border conspicuously rvhitenecl; tibiae china-lvhite, tipptr{ rvith dark--htlo\tltila Alex.
brown (c,inereagroup)
Wings rvith cell 7st M, closed; costal border 1'ellotvor bro'trn, not rvltitenedl
2
Iegs without t'hite coloratiou
I
Wings with the stignal'spot dark brou'n, contrasting strongly lvith rcmainder of wing I male hypopygium rvith the apex of basistyle produced---1tleu'ralfs (Will')
into a slenclerblack spiue. (pleuralis group)lVings wigr the stigrna lacking or scareely eviclent against the ground-colorIr'ale hypopygiurn rvith apex of basistyle rvithout any spinous develop3
rnents. ('manca grouP)
3. Male hypopygiurn rvith a single, entirely fleshy clististyle that is terminal
i1 position I eleurentsof phallosome tlvo in number very loug and. slender,
jutting cautlacl beyoncl level of encl of d.ististyle (Fig. 2L) --bifi,Ii.gero sp. n.
\Lale hypopygium with the tlististyle subterminal in position, the outer lobeof basistyle being more or less produced caudatl into a pale fleshy lobe;
4elernents of phallosome not conspicuously proclucecl (Figs. 22-24)
L tale hypopygium with the dististyle not blackenetl, fleshy, on outer marght
near base bearing a small pale triangular point I outer lobe of basistyleeu5equal in length and general appearance to the tlististyle (fig. :la)-steblernitralis

Alex.

Iale h,vpopygium rvith the outer clististyle a strongly curvecl hook or spine,
entirely blackene<l and sclerotized.,very clissimilar in appearance to the---------5
onter lobe of the basistyle (Figs. 22-23)jOrter lobe of basistyle greatly produced, subequal in length to the very-----Ttroducta -['lex.
long, slender outer dististyle (Fig. 23)-----(bcr lobe of basistyle relativel;' short and stout, rnueh shorter than the(Fig. 22) -bicorn,uta .['lex.
lnrerfullv construeted ht,,rk.like outer distist\'h'372

TEE JouBNArr oF TEE DEpARTMENT oF AGRTcuTJTTIREoF p. B.

Gonomyia (Lipophleps) bicornuta Alex. (Fig. 22)7927. Gonomgia (Lipophkps) bicornuta Alex. ; Journ. N. Y. Ent.
Soc.,35z276-277.
Belongs to the rnarwa group. General coloration brown and sulphur-yellow.
Rostrum and antennae black. Thoracic pleura with a broa<l whitish longitutlinal
stripe. Knobs of halteres yellow. Wings brownish gray, without stigma. Male
hypopygium (Fig. 22) with the basistyle producetl into a short fleshy lobe thatis shorter than the outer tlististyle. Outer tlististyle a powerful blackenecl hook,symmetrical on the two sitles; inner dististyle very small, with a few setae and& single powerful fasciculate bristle. Phallosome symmetrical, the aetleagus
terminating in two pale rountletl blatles. Two entirely tlusky blades, entirely
glabrous, subtend the aetleagusI in atltlition to these there are two shorter lobesof nearly equal width, bearing several weak setae on their apical half.

Endemic in Puerto Rieo. Known 'only from the Luquilto National Forest. Type, May 10-13, Lg27 (W. A. Hoffman). An additional a, El Yunque, altitude 1800 feet, Ii'ebruary 11, 1gB0 (M.
D. Leonard).
Gonomyia (Lipophleps) bifiligera sp. n.

(Figs. 15, ZL)

Belongs to the rnanca group; general eoloration of mesonotum
dark brown, the seutellumyellow; antennal pedieellarge, blaekened;thoracie pleura yellow, striped with dark brown ; legs brownish black;wings grayish, stigma lacking; male hypopygium with the basistyles
very long and slender; a single. entirely fleshy distiityle; elementsof phallosome two in number, very long ancl slender, extending
eaudad beyond the level of the distal ends 'of styli.
Male.-Length about 2.5 mm.; wing 2.8-B mm.
Described from alcoholic specimens.
Rostrum obscure yellow; palpi tlark brown. Antennae brownish black, thepetlicel enlargetl antl more intensely blackenerl. Eeatl obscure yellow in front,
more grayish brown on posterior vertex and occiput, the posterior orbits broa6ly
yellow.
Mesonotum chiefly tlark brown, the scutellum antl posterolateral portions of
scutal lobes yellow. Pleura yellow, with two conspicuous,dark brorvn, longituclinal
stripes, the more rlorsal one widest on anepisternum,narrorveclbehinclto a sutural
marking alcng rentral eclge of pteropleuriteI ventral stripe nrore extensive,
inclutling the sternopleurite and. meral region. Ilalteres rlusky, the knobs paleyellow. Legs rvith the coxae yellorv, the fore coxae darkenecll trochanterschiefly tlusky; remainclerof legs brorvnishblack. \\'ings (rig. 1b) with a strong
grayish tinge; stigma lacking I veins pale bro*rr. venation: Bc, enfling sometlistancebefore origin of 8s, the clistanceon costa bcing nearly equal to .Bsalone;branches of .8s strongly tlivergent.
Abtlominal tergites light brown, the sternites antl hypopygium more yellowish.
Male hypopygium (Fig. 21) with the basistylcs very long anrl slentler, the singlo
tlististyle entirely fleshy, terminating in two stout fasciculate setae. Phallosome

T[I.E ('IiANE-FT)IES OF PUEIiTO RIC{)

373

consisting of two very elongate, slentler structures that ertentl eautlatl beyontl
the level of the tips of the styli; one rod. at apex bears abuntlant short setae,
the seconalstructure more slender, glabrous, very graclually narrowed.to an aeute
point.

Ifabitat.-Puerto
Rico.
Holotype, alcoholie 6, Las Cruces,altitude 1300 feet, March 28,
1930 (M. D. Leonard). Paratopotypes,3 alcoholic 6 6.
GonomE,in(Lipophleps) bifi,ligero,ts allied to speciessuch as G.
(L.) cubana Alex., yet is very distinct in the structure 'of the malehypopygium, notably the two filiform rods of the phallosome.

Gonomyia (Lipophleps) helophila Alex.

(Fig. 20)

1916. Gonomgia (Leiponauro) h,el,oytltil,aAlex. ; Ent. News, 27 :343346, fig. L (wing), 3 (rnale hypopygium).
Alex.; Proc. Acad.. Nat.
1916. Gonomyia (Leiponeurq,) h,el,oph,il,aSci. Philadelphia, 1916:514, pl. 29, fig. 60 (male hypopygrum).
Belongs to thc cincrea group. Antenrral srrape brorvnish black beneath,remainder of organ yellorvish bronrr. Heacl yellorv, l.ith a brorvnish rnark onvertex. Mesonotal praeseutum light gra)'r with four ruore brorvnish stripes.
Pleura dark browu, with two whitish longituclinal stripes. Lcgs with the fore
femora brownish blaek; mitltlle fernora yellow, tipped rvith clark brownl hinclfemora brownish yellow, the tips slightly more darkenecl; tibiae white, the extreme base and slightly broacler apex clark bronrr. Wings rvith costal marginchina-rvhite; remainder of wing subhyaline; stigma oval, brown, prececleclancl
follorvecl by more rvhitish spots. Venation: Sc, encling some clistance before
ongin of I?s. Abdominal tergites brown, their eaudal margins light yellow.
xale h.vpopygium (Fig. 20) with a slencler outer spinous dististyle. Ventral
dirtisty le rvith a blackenetl finger-like lobe on ruargin near base. Dorsal tlististyler @all oval unarmed. lobe.
Male.-Length about 4,5-5.2 mm.; wing 5-5.5 mm.
Ftmale.---I:ength about 4.8-5.5 mm.; rving 5.2-5.8 mm.

'

Bangesfrom Texas,south on continent to Peru; in the Antilles,
Rico and Dominiea.
Puerto Rico: Santurce, l\farch L932 (M. D. Leonard). Cbamo, July 17-79, 1914 (A.I\I.N.H.). Puerto Real, Viequesfs., at.
September 25-27, 1931 (nI. D. I-:eonard).
n fhe onlv local representative of a very extensive group of chiefly
ieal Gonomyire. It is readily told by the open ceII rVgof the
tbgether with the white costal border, and the china-'white

37+

TEE JoURNAIJ oF TIIE DEPAR,TMENToF AGRIcUIJTURE oF P. R.

Gonomyia(Lipophleps) pleuralis (Will.).
1896. Atwba pleuraliswill.;' Trans.Ent. soc. r-ondon1gg6:2gg,pl.
10, fig. 61 (wing).
7912. Gonomy,ia(Leiponeura) TtleuralisAlex. ; Ent. News. ZBz 4lg_
420, figs. B, 4 (male hypopygium).
1916. Gonontgia(Leiponeura) prernal,isAlex.; proc. Acad. Nat. sei.
PhiladelpJria,1916: b16, pl. 26, fig. Z0 (wing).
Mesonotum light brorvnish yellow, marginetl laterally with whitish, thelattercolor separatcd.from the clorsum by a narrow darker line. pleura
almost rvhite,
striped Lrngitudinally rvith dark brotrr. L,egs with the trochanters
an6 fernora
light yellow, the latter rvith a subterrninal brown ring. 'Wings
with a grayish
tinge, tbe costal bord.er na.rrorvly more yellowish; a conspicuous
dark brownstigmal ,trea; region of corcl variegatecl by srnall more hyaline areas.
Abdornenyellow, the segm,:nts bordered by dark brorvn.
Male.-Length about B-B.b nm.; wing .3_B.B rnm.

A wide-rangingspecies,Georgiaand Florida; Berlrudas; sopthward l;hrough the Antilles to British Guiana antl Brazil.
Puerto Ricir: Aguaclilla, January lggg (,\. Ilusck) ti.s.N.nl.
;
coamo springri Hotel, at light, April 4, l gB0 ( II. D. Leonard).
Santuree,r'Iarc\26, 1gB0 (w.A. I-roffrna'): April 19, 1gB0 (I,r. D.
Leonard).
Again the ('nly local representati'e of a ver.v large and widespread group c f tropical Ameriean Go'omf iue. It is readily told
from the 'other loeal Lipophteps by the clark brown stigrnal area.
Gonomyia (Lipophleps) producta Alex. (Fig. 28)
1919. Gononryir,(Leiponeura) TtroduefoAlex.; Journ. N. y. Ent.
Soc.,27 zl?9-14r1.
Belongs to the manca group. General appearance nruch as inbicornuta
Alex., as described. llale h1'poPvgium (Fig. 23) distinctive, notably
the long
slender apical lobe of the basistlle and the very long ancl slend.er,
symmetricalouter clististyle. These latter are of a length and slendernessfoundotherwise
only in C. (L.) proliristuhrsAlex.
Mule.-Length about 2.5-g nurr.;. rving 2.5__3.2nrm.

Known only from Antilua, Lesser Antilles, and puerto Rico.
Puerto Rico: Puerto Real, vieques rs., at light, september 2ir27, L93L (M. D. Leonard).
Gonomyia (Lipophleps) subterminalis Alex.

(Fig. 2a)1927. Gonomyia(Lipophteps)srbterminalisAlex.; Jo'rn. N. y. Ent.
Soe.,35 z 271r_|t76.
Belongs to the nrunea group. Antennae black flrroughout.
Mesonotum
brown, the postnoturn variegated rvith yellorv. Pleura stripecl Jtn
pate brorvn ancl

I

TEE

CRANE-FIJIES OF'PUERTO

375

RIC0

'Wingswith an unusually strong clusky tinge. Abtlomen da,rk brown,
testaceous.
24) with a single,
the hypopygium obscure yellow. Male hlaopygium (fig.
subterminal dististyle that bears a small pale basal triangular point on outermargin near baseI outer portion of clististyle rvith a very powerful subterminal
fasciculate seta. The outer lobe of basistyle ancl the dististyle are generally
equal in fornr and size.
Male.-Length about 3-3.5 lrurr.; lving 3.6-3.8 nrm.

Known only from the mountainous sections of the Luquillo National Forest, Puerto Rico; a very closeally in the Cuban mountains.
Type, a male, Luquillo, I\[ay 10-13, 1927 (W. A. If'offiman), taken
along.the steep rocky sides and on the vegetation along a mountainstream. Other material, El Yunque, 1800 feet, February 11, 1930;
2000-3500feet, March 29, 1930 (M. D. Leonard). Iras Cruces, altitude 1300 feet, March 28, 1930 (M. D. Leonard).
The peculiar strueture of the male hypopygium is very distinetive.
Although only representativesof the subgenus Lipoph,leps have
yet been taken in Puerto Ric'o, three additional subgeneric groups,
Progonomgia Alex., Gonomgial\Ieig. and,Ptilostena Berg., have beentaken in Cuba and are thus regional.
(The genus Teu,cholabfs
O. S. is one of the largest antl most characteristic groups of ltrriopterine Tipulidae, being especially rich in
speciesin tropical America. Several specieshave been found in,
Cuba and Jamaiea but none, as yet, has been taken in Puerto Rico.
The venation of the Cuban Teutholabis ni,grosignato,Alex. is shownn
f ig. 16.)
Subtribe Trentepohliaria

Trentepohlia (Paramongoma,)niveitarsis (Alex.)(Fig. 17)1913. Mongwna niu'eitars,zs
Alex.; Proc. LT.S. Nat. l\[us.,44: 501, pl.
65, fig. 13 (wing).
1928. Trentepohlia (Parantongonxa)near rui,ueitors;sAlex. ; Dept.
Sci. and Agr. Jamaica, Ent. Bull. 4 2 2 5 .
General coloration dark brorvn, including the head ancl appendages. Ilaltereselongate, brown. Legs clark brown, the terminal three tarsal segments white;in cases,the amount of white is more extensive, including all the tarsal segments,
as well as the extreme tips of the tibiae. Wings (fig. 17) subhyaline, the costal
margin and stigma somelvhat darker brorvn; veins dark brotrn.
Male.-Length about 6 mm.; wing a'bout 5 mrru
Psp6l6.-length
about 6.5-7 rrm.; wing 5.5-{.3 rnrn.

Known onlv from the rnountains of Puerto Rico and Jamaiea.
El Yunque, I-,uquillo National Forest, altitude 2850 feet, tr'ebruary25-27, 1900 (C. W. Riehmond); types. One 9, Lruquillo Forest,

376

t'rE

JOITBNAIJ Or. TEE DEPABTUENIOF AOBICUL,TIInE OF P. B.

May 10-13, 1927 (W. A. Hoffman). EI Yunque, altitude 1800 ftet'
f,'ebmary 11, 1930 (M. D. I-,eonard). AIso what appeanssurely torepresent this same species,Cinchona, Blue Mts., Jamaica, July 25,
1926 (G. C. Crampton) ; 1 broken I .
representative
This very eharacteristic fly is the most northerly'World.
It bears a suof the great genus Trentepohlia in the New
perfieial resemblanceto Eelli,us (Hel'itts) al'bi,tarsis(O.S.), which isin reality a very difrerent fly.
Subtribe Eriopteraria
The only representativesof tle extensivegenus ErtoTttera Meig.
in Puerto Rico are members of the subgenus MesocyphonaO. S.,
which reachesits greatest developmentof speciesin the American
Tropics and Subtropics. TWo speciesof Mesocyphonahave beentaken in Puerto Rico, one of which is widespread.throughout eastern
North Ameriea, the other being endemic. In the high mountains ofJamaiea occurs a secondsubgenusof. ErioTttera,Empeda O.S., witha single very distinct species.
A KEY

L.

T\O TTIE

PUERTO BICANSPECIES'Wingsdark brown, with abuntlant whito spots antl tlots in all the cells---caloPtera SaY'Wingssp. n.
--portoriccnsfs
subhyaline, unspottetl--------

Erioptera (Mesocyphona) caloptera Say
1823. Erioptera caliTtteroSay; Jburn. Aead. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
3: 17.
1869. EnoTtteracaloTtteraO. S. : I\[on. Dipt. N. Amer., 4: 161-162'
pl. 4, fig. 15 (male hYPopYgium).
1919. ErioTtterasaloptero.Alex.: Crane-fliesof New York, part 1:
908, pl. 35, fig. 77 (rving).
General eoloration brorvnish yellorr', the praeseutum with two clearly tleffnetl
dark brown stripes. Thoracic pleura stripetl longitutlinally with tlark brown antl
pale. Femora yellow, each rvith trvo brorvn annuli, one medial, the othcr subterminal. Wings brorvnish, nrore saturatecl uear costal border, the entire tlisk
variegatetl by w]rite spots and dots, inclutling somewhat larger areas beyontl
arculus, at origin of 8s, at ^Scr,along cortl, and at tips of veins Bt *, antl .81.
Male.-Length about 3.5 mm.; wing about 3.5 mm.
Female.-Length about 4 mm.; wing about 3.5 mm.

The species cal,o'ptera(originally spellecl ealiptera by Say) is
witlely-distributed throughout the easternUnited States. The Puerto
Riean material here refcrred to caloptera ba,sthe white wing spots

TIIE

CRANE-FITIES OF PUERTO RICO

37'l

somewhat m'ore redueed in area than do specimens of the typicalform from the northern United States.

Puerto Rico: El Yunque,LruquilloNational trrorest,altitude 1800
feet, February 1-1,1930; lVlarch29, 1930 (M. D. I-reonard.).
Erioptera (Mesocyphona)portoricensissp. n. (Fig. 18)
Mesonotal praescutum tlark brown, with three reddish broul stripes; pleura
dark brown, stripetl longitudinally rvith whitish; wings irnmaculate, grayish, thecostal borcler more yellowish; male hypopygium with the phallosome large,
producetl laterally into a conspicuous straight spine on either side.
Mal,e.--I'ength about 2.8-3 mm.; wing 9.8-3 mm.
Describecl from alcoholie speeimens.
Rostrum whitish; palpi blaek. Antennae black; pedicel enlargetl, globular;
flagellum short, the basal segments crowclecl. I{eatl whitish, with a conspicuous,ilark brorvn area on vertex.
Pronotum dark brorrn, paier laterally. Mesonotal praescuturn dark brown
the three usual stripes pale retlclish brown I seutum clark bron'n, the centers ofscutellum whitish; postnotum clark brown. Pleura
the lobes reclclish bronn;rlark brown with a conspicuous white longitudinal stripe in addition to the broad
similarly-coloretl clorso-pleural regionl ventral longitudinal pale line extend.ing
from behincl the fore eoxae to the abclomen,passing beneath the halteres, broaclest
on the pteropleurite. Halteres pale yellow. Legs with the fore antl mitklle
coxae clark brown, the posterior coxae somewhat paler; trochanters pale, especiallythe posterior ones; fore femora with a single subterminal brown "ing; remaining
femora with two such darkened. rings (tho posterior legs are all detachecl in'Wings(fig. 18) grayish,
vials, but the conditiou seems to be as described).
i"'rnaeulate, more darkenecl basalln the costal region conspicuously light yellowl
veins brownish yelloq clearer yellow in the flavoug areas. Venation:
CelJ.M,
open by atrophy of the basal section of Ms.
Abd.omen dark brorm, the ninth segment obscure yellol., the styli again
conspicuously bla<'lienecl. Male hypopygium rvith the clististyles sleniler; outerstyle a nearly straight simple rocl, the inner style bifid nearly to base, its outerarnr longer, the irrrrcr arm shorter and very sleniler. Gonapophvsesappearing as
simple smooth arrr:s that curve gently tou'ard one another, the obtuse tips dusky..
Phallosome large :rnd eonspicuous,tho bocly large with a conspicuouslateral spine
on either side, thcse tlirectecl laterad ancl slightlv cautlacl.

Ifabitat.-Puerto Rieo.
Holotype, alcoholie 6, El Yunque, Luquillo Naticnal Forest, altitude 1800 feet, February 11, 1930 (M. D. Leonard).
Paratopotypes,several 6 I ,1800-3500 feet, February 11-1\[areh29, 1930 (I'I. D. Leonard) ; paratypes, a few broken speeimens,I-:as
Cruces, altitude 1300 feet, Mareh 28, 1930 (M. D. I-reonard).
Erioptera (nlesocyphona) portoricensis is very different from thebther deseribed.speeiesof the subgenushaving unspotted.wings.
(The genus Bhabdomastir Sliuse, subgenusSacandagaAlex., irfound in Jamaica and Eispaniola, but to date not in Puerto Rieo.

3t8

THD JoURNAIT oF THE DEpARTMENT oF AGRIcULTURE oF P. B.

The sole Antillean speeiesis E. (8.) paraa (Alex.), a small brown
fly with grayish wings. The characters given for the genus in the
key will suffieefor the separationof this insect. The only regional
genus with which it might be cbnfused is Gonomgia s.s., which isrnost readily told by the short to very short Sc; in porua,Sc is lotrg,
Scr extending to beyond midlength of Rs.)
Subtribe Toxorhinaria
The only genus in this very pecuiiar subtribe is Tonorhina Lw.,
with a small number of chiefly tropical speciesin both hemispheres.

Toxorhina (Toxorhina) fragilis Lw.

(Fig. 19)

1851. Tororhina fragili,s lrw. ; Linn. Ent., 5: 401402, pl. 2, fi'g. 16(antenna),L7 (entire insect), 18 (vena.tion),22 (head).
Thorax {[ark brown, somewhatpruinose; praescutum rvith a dark gray medianstripe but with lateral stripes not elearlv eviclent; extreme lateral margin ofpraeseutum ahnost rvhitish. Antennae brorvnish black. Femora bright brown,darker toward tip; tibiae somewhat brighter, rvith clarker tips. Wings with afaint gr.ayish tinge; stigrna laeking; veins of costal region brownish yellow,
the tlthers darker brorut. Abdornen bron'rr, the incisures darker.
Loew ts type, a female, rvas taken by Moritz in Puerto Rico. Unfortunately
no material agreeing entirely rvith the above tliagnosis has ever been taken andit seems probable that the clarkening of the tips of the femora and tibiae offragi,tis is less evident than is implied by Loew's description. I have shorrn thevenation of Tororhina (Toaorhina\ centrali,sAlex., (Fig. 19), the commonest
species in the northern part of South Ameriea.. The flr' tltat seetns elosest to
fragiti.s, speeimens of which I have seeu from Cuha and Ilispaniola, but notfrom Puerto Rico, is relativeiy small.
Male.-T'ength, exelutting rostrurn, ahout 6..i nrnr.: rvinE 6 mm.1 rostrurn
about 5 mm.
KXOWN FROM EHE\'. A T:IST OF TI{E TTPI:T,TN.TB

Gnn.trrn '\xtll,ms
TIPL-LIN.\E

I{e'phrotonro,sp. (ferru,gineaFabr., var.); mss. record. Cuba, Hispaniola.
Tipltla (Ti,pttla) lomaieert.esAlex.; Dept. Sei. & Agr. Jamaiea.Ent.
Bull. 4: 27-28; 1928. Jamaica.
Alex.; mss. record.. Cuba.
Tipu\a (Tipula) htcl.ot:ici'ona(Atex.); J'ourn. N. Y. Ent.
DolnchoTteza(MeEi,sto'mustir)eu,ben-sis
Soe., 36:4748; 1928 (Megistotno,stin). Cuba.
Dolich.opeza(Megistomastin) portori,censis(Alex.) ; Psyehe, 19: 6566; 1.91^2(Megistomustir). Puerto Rico.

TIIE CRANE-FIJIES OF PUERTO RICO

3?9Brachypremno u,nicolorO. S.; Berlin. Ent. Zeitschr., 31 : 239; 1887.
' Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico.
Megistoceralongipennis (Nlacq.); Dipt. exot., 1, pt. l:r,t7; 1838
(Tipula). Cuba. Ilispaniola, Puerto Rico.
LI1!I.ONIINAE

Limoniini
Iiim,on,ia,(Li,monia) basistylofa Alex.; Dept. Sci. & Agr. Jamaica,
Itrnt.'Bult. 4:19-20; 1928. Jamaiea.
Limonio, (Limo'ruia)caribua sp. n.; this paper' eonclusion. Cuba.
h,offmaruiAlex. ; Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 35 z 265Limoni,a (Li,morui,a.)266: 1927. Puerto Rico.
J,imon'i,a (Limon'i,a) XwnruicensisAlex. ; Ibid,., 342223-224; 1926.
Jamaiea.
Lim,onia (Discoboto) gowde'Visp.n.; this paper, eonclusion. Cuba,
Jamaica.
diua (Schin.) ; Novara Reise,Diptera, p. 46;
Linuonia (Neol,inr,nobia)
1868 (Ltmnobia) . Cuba, Jamaiea, Puerto Rico.
Limonia (Dicranomu'itr) breriuena ton'ida subsp.n.; this p a p e r.
Puerto Rico.
Limoni,a (Diwanomgi,a)distans (O.S.); Proe. Aead. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1859:211; Del., 1859. Puerto Rieo.
Iimoni,a (Dicranom,Ai,a)iliui,saAlex.; Philippine Journ. Sci., 402247;
1929. Ilispaniola, Puerto Rieo.
Iimonia (Dieranomgia) reticulata (Alex.) ; Canad. Ent., 442334-'
335; 7912 (Furcwnryia) . Cuba.
ontn (.Dicranom,!!ia)trinita,lis Alex.; Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 39:
ll0-111: 1931. Cuba.
(O.S.) ; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philania, (Rhi'pidi'a) clomest'iea.
delplria, 1859: 208: 1859 (Rhipitd,ia). Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
Puerto Rico.
ta (Rhipidia) schuarzi (Atex.) ; Bull. Brooklyn Ent. S'oe..8:. lL14 : l9L2 (Rhi$cli'a). Cuba, Ifispaniola, Jarnaica.

(Alex.) ; Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., 60,
i"a (Rh,ipi(l:i,a)su"bcostalis
25 : 31: 1922 (Rhipicli,a). Jamaica.

ia (Geranomgia) antillarunr, Alex.; Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soe.,37 :; 1929. Cuba, Ilislraniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico.
(Gerenoilpfio,)cinereinofa,(Alex) ; Ent. Nern's.24:407-408;(Gerunontyia\. Hispaniola. Puerto Rico.
( ( J e n t n o n t r l i r t )c u b u n n A l e x . ; J o t t r n . N . Y . E n t . S o c . , 3 7 2
7: l!)2!). Cjuba.

380

TEE JouRNAr-,oF TrrE DEpARTMENTop AcBrculTrrRE or' p. R.

rti'mon'in (Geranomgia) d,om,i,ngensds(Alex.) ; proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia,1916:490-491; 1916 (GeranomAio). See L. (G.)
cinereirwta (Alex.)
Lhmon'ia(Geranamgia)intermeilia (IMalk.) ; List Diptera Brit. Mus.,
L: 47; 1848. (Ltmrwbia). Jamaica.
Lirnnt'i,a (Gerannmyia) mgers'tano,Alex. ; Journ. N. y. Ent. Sbc., 87:
397-398; 1929. Cuba.
Limonia (Geranonvyia)rostrata (Say), Antillean referenceserroneous, see,. (C.) antil,larurmAlex.
rtimowi,a(Geranomain)ruf escens(rrw.) ; r,innaeaEnt., b: Bb6; lgbl
(Aporosa). Puerto Rico.
rtf,monia(Geranmngia)subrecisasp.n.; this paper. puerto Ric'o.
Limoraia (Geranomgia)subuirescens.Llex.; Journ. N. y. Ent. Soe.,
3 8 : 1 1 2 ; 1 9 3 0 .C u b a .
Limonia (Geranomg'ia)tibiatis (r-,,w.); r,innaeaEnt., s:Bg7; lgbl
(Aporosa\. Cuba, Jamaica,Puerto Rico.
Iimonin (Geranomy,in)u'i,rescens(Irw.) ; Ibid., 5:B9g; lgb1 (AWrosa). Puert'oRico.
Helius (Helius) al,bitarsis(o.S.); Berlin. Ent. Zeitsehr.,81:1g4;
1887 (Rhamphidi,a). Cuba,Puerto Rico.
Heliu; (Eelias) ueper Alex.; Journ. N. y. Ent. soc., B4:22b: 1926.

Jamaica.
ori'marga (orimarga) cubensissp.n.; this paper, conelusion. L'luba.
orimarga (Di,otreph,a)flauicosta (Alex.) ; Dept. Sci. & Agr. Jamaida,-Ent. Bull. 1:23; 1928 (Diotrepha). Jamaica.
Ori,nrarga (Diotrepha) mirabilis (O. S.) : Cat. Dipt. N. Amer.. Ed.
2; 27,28; 1878 (Diotreplm).
Ilexatomini
Eprphrogma busckf Alex., Proc. U. s. Nat. llus.. 4lzil}-s4l:
1g18.
Ifispaniola.
Ept'phragrna cubercscs
Alex.: Journ. N. y. Ent. Soc.. B7z 408404:
7929. Cuba.
Polgmera (Polymera) genie.ulataAlex. ; rnsee.Insr:it. I\{enst.,B: l0&I07; 1915. Puerto Rieo.
Polgmera (Polgmera) obscwa Macq.; Dipt. exot., 1, pt. 1 : 6b; 1g3g.
Cuba.
shannonorngiabreaicul,aAlex. ; Journ. N. y. Ent. soe., Bg: l1B-114:
1931. Cuba.
shannonomyia leonardi sp. n.; this paper. puerto Rieb.
Sh,annonomgia
mesophragma.tlex.; Jouru. N. y. Ent. Soe., 86 :52_'
53; 1928. Cuba..

TEE

CRANE.FIJIESOXI PIIERTO

RI@

381

Shannonom\ia mllersianoAlex. ; Ibid.,39 : 112-1L31; 1931. Jamaiea'
ShannonanlAianncreo (Alex.) ; Proe. U. S. Nat. Mtts., 442544'-545;
1913 (Li,mnophila). Jamaica.
tnangrularr's(Alex') ; Jbum' N' Y' Ent' Soe', 352270;
Sh,annonornaia
1927 (Pilaria). Puerto Rico.
Atarba (Atarba) angustipennisAlex. i lbi(I,., 36 t 57 ; L928. Cuba'
Henatoma(Eriocera) acufioi (Alex.); Ibid.,5F57; 1928 (Eriocera).
Cuba.
Heratoma (Eriocera) et-herea (Alex.) ; Ent. News, 27 z 346; 1916
(Eri'ocera). Hispanioia.
Heratoma (Eri,ocera) bru,neri (Alex.) ; Jburn. N. Y. Ent. Soc', 36:
55-56; 1928 (Eriocera). Cuba.
Heratoma (Erioctera) crom,ptoni(Alex.) ; Dept. Sci. & Agr. Jamaica,
Ent. Bull. 4 z 23-24; 1928 (Eriocera) . Jamaica
Heratoma (Eriocera) cubensis(Alex.) : Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.,34:229-230; 1926 (Eriocera) . Cuba.
;
Heratoma (Eriocera,) dontingensis(Alex') ; Ent. News, 27 z:146-347
1916 (Eriocero). IlisPaniola.
Heratoma (Eriocera) ocellifera (AIex.) ; Insec. Inscit. I'Ienst., 3:104-106; 1915 (Err'ocera'). Puerto Rico.
Eeratoma (Eriocera) tri,fusciata (Riider) ; Stett. Ent' Zeitg', 56:
338; 1885 (Ert'ocera). Puerto Rico.
Elephantunyia westruoodiantill,arum subsp'n' ; this paper, conclusion. Cuba, IlisPaniola.
ErioPterini
PhiIGonomgia (Progonornryia) slossonnAIex. ; Proe. Aead' Nat' Sei'
adeljhia, 1914:588-589; L914; Ann. So. Afriean Mus., L7:152;
1917. Jamaica.
Alex.. Journ. N. Y' Ent' Soc" 34:
Gonomyia (Gononuyia)brea'i,cula225-226; 1926. Cuba.
Gonom,yia(Gonam,yia)breuissimaAlex. ; Ibi(I,.,342227; t926' Cuba'
1928'
Gonom,yio(Ptilostena) angtutissima Alex. ; Ibiil., 36: 57-58:
Cuba.
7927'
Gononryia (ItipophteTts)bicorntr,taAlex. ; Ibiil., 352276-277:
Puerto Rico.
Rico.
Gonomyia (Lipophteqts)hifiLigera,sp.n.; this paper. Puerto
39 :Quwm,yia (Lipophteps) cubana Alex. ; Journ. N. Y. Ent. soc.,
120-121: 1931. Cuba.
27 : 343-345;
Gonontyio.(L,iltopltteps) heloTthiln'Alex. ; Ent' Ne$'s'
1 9 lr ; . P t i e l t o R i e o .

382

TEE JouRNATJ'oF THE DEpARTMENT oF AcRrcurrTUBE oF p. B.

Gonomgia (Lryoph,l,eps)pl,eurali,s(:Will.); Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.on,
1896:289; 1896 (Atarb'a). Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rieo.
Gonomg,ia(Lipophleps) producta Alex. ; Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 27 :139-140; 1919. Puerto Rieo.
Gonom,gia(Li,pophl,eps)pu,er Alex. ; Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., 44:506;
1913. Ifispaniola, Jamaica.
Gonam,gia(Lipoph,l,eps)sandorsiAlex.; Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soe.,39:
l2l-122; 1931. Cuba.
Gonomyia (Li,popltleps)w,\terminalis Alex. ; Ibiil., 35 : 275-276; 1927.
Puerto Rico.
T enrcholabis(T etrc,holabis)bru,neri Alex. ; Ibicl., 34 : 227-228; 1928.
Cuba.
Teuchol,abis(Teucholabis) chalybeiaentris (Lw.) ; \Yien. Entomol.
Monatschr.,5: 33; 1861 (Rhamphidia). Cuba.
Teucholabis(Teucholabis)gowdey,i,Alex.: Dept. Sei. & Agr. Jamaica,
Ent. Bull. 4225-27; 1928. Jamaiea.
gotuileyi nigrotu'tntnal.issubsp.n. ; thisTeu,cholabis(Teu,ch,ol,abis)
paper, conclusion. Cuba.
Teucholabis(Teurholubis)nuAersiAlex. ; Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.,34:
228-n9; L928. Cuba.
(Teueholabis)nebulipemnes
Teu,cholobis,\lex.: Dept. Sci. & Agr. Jamaica, Ent. Bull. 1227; 1928. Jamaica.
Teucholabis(Teucholabis)eigrosiyynata
Alex.: Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.,
39: 118-119;1931. Cuba.
Trentepohlia (Paramongonru) nit e'itarsis( AIex.) ; Proc. U. S. Nat.
IVfus.,44:501; 1913 (Mongoma). Jamaica,Puerto Rico.
Bhabiloma,stir(Socandnga)'pat'
L*a(Alex. ) ; Ibid., 44: 508-509; 1913
(Sacanil,aga). Hispaniola, Jarnaiea.
Erioptero (Mesocgphona)caloptera Say ; Journ. Aead. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,3: L7; 1823. Cuba, Puerto Rieo.
Eri,optera (Mesocgphona)costalis AIex. : Proe. U. S. Nat Mus., 44:517-518; 1913. Cuba.
Erioptera (Mesocgphono)portoricensissp. n. ; this paper. Puerto
Rico.
Eri,optera (Empeila) ngmphfca Alex.; Dept. Sci. & Agr. Jamaica,
Ent. Bull. 4z 2L25; 1928. Jamaica.
Tororhinn (Tonorhina) fragilis I-,w.; Linnaea Ent., 5: 401; 1851.
Puerto Rico.
A few new speciesand subspeciesof extra-Puerto Rican Tipulidae are d.eseribedherewith in order to eompletethe record for the
Clreater Antilles.

TIIE

CRANE-FI,IES

OF PUERTO R,ICO

Limonia (Limonia) caribae&sp. n.

383(Fig. 25)

General coloration yellow I rnesonotal praescuturn with three brorvnish black
stripes; thoracic pleura trith a broad dorsal black stripe, togethcr rvith areducetl ventral area on the steraopleuritel legs chiefly black; wings faintly
tingecl rvith brolrrish, rvith a restrietecl clatker bronrr pattern; .Bs square andshort-spurredat origin a nt-cu longer than distal seetionof Ctt,; nrale hypopygiunr
with the ventral dististyle bearing a single pale rostral spine; gonapophysesunusually porverful, blackcnecl, the rnesal apical lobe biclentate.
]fale .-T'ength about 5.5 rlun.; rring 6.2 rtun.
Rostr.unr antl palpi black. Antennae black throughout; flagellar segments
elongate-oval, rvith long, unilaterallv arranged vertieils. Heacl with the frons
and anterior verterx sih'ery grayr the posterior vertex darker.
Pronotum obscure yellow, with a narroq clar\ longituilinal line on either
sitle. Mesonotal praeseutunr yellorv, n'ith three brownish blach stripes that are
all more or less eonfluent near their anterior ends; med,ia.nstripe not reaching
the anterior ruargin of sclerite and rnore or less split by a capillary pale vitta;
posterior sclerites of rnesonotunrchieflv pale brotru, the posterior border of thepostnotal mecliotergite clarker, this being the entl of a conspicuous black pleuralstripe. Pleura yellon', with the stripe just cleseribecl,together with a similarintense blackened area on the ventral sternopleurite. Halteres clark brown.
Legs with the coxae and. trochanters light yellow; fernora dark brown, theirbases restrietedlv palcr, the tips narrorvly still clarker brot'n; tibiae ancl tarsi
black. Wings s'ith a faint bro'nnish tinge, the prea.rcular anrl costal regions
more yello.rvish; a restrieted dark bron'n pattern, as follo'ws: Origin of .Es; forkof 8c; along cord and. outer encl of cell -lst Mr; stigma; pale brorvn streaks
in centers of cells B' Br, Ii, and Br; veins btolvn. Venation: Sc, long, ending
just beyoncl mitllength of -Es, Sc, at its tip; -Es nearly square ancl weakly spurrecl
at origin; free tip of Scg aud ft, in transverse aligment ; nx-clt at fork of M,
about one-half longer than the distal gection of Cw.
Abclonriual segrnents dimidiatc, pa;le ycllorv basally, the apical half andnarrower lateral margins d.ark broli'n, the amount of clark increasing on the outer
segments. Ifale hypopygium (FiS. 25) of sontelvhatremarkable structure. Niuth
tergite transverse, the caud.al margin with two rounded lobes. Ventro-tnesal lobeof basistyle ver'1'large. Dorsal tlististyle a slender, nearl.v straight rocl, before
the apex a little s'idened antl genth' eurverl, the tip acute. Ventral tLististylesmaller than thc basistl'le, rvhite, cleeplv divicletl by a tlorsal noteh in which thedorsal dististl'le rests; rostral prolongation a pale, conrpressedblacle, at its basewith a setiferous ar.ea that inelud.t'sa single palc rostral spine. Gonapophyses
very large etnd. porn'erfully eonstructert, the nrt'sAl apieal lobe stout', biclentate.
Aecleagusbroad, eaeh outer apieal :tnglcrl-rcariuga strtall lobt'.

Ifabitat.-Cnba.
Holotype, d . San Bl6s, Santa Clara, Trinidad Mts.. altitude about
7C0 feet. lfa.t it. 1932 (Brrner and Otero).
This ver]' distinct [inuonia r€quires no comparisbn with any described menrbers of the subgenus. The peeuliar structure of the hypopygiun is (prite different frour any of the described Neotropieal
species.

384

TEE JoURNATT oF TrrE DEpARTMENT oF AcR.rcfrI-iTURE oF P. R.

Limonia (Discobola) gowdeyr sp. n.

(Fig. 26)

General coloration yellow antl blaek ; antennal flagellum blaek; apices ofknobs of halteres blackenetl; tibiae narrowly blackened.at bases; wings the usual
ocellate pattern arrangetl i:l fve more or less complete fasciae.
Male.-Length

about 10 mn.;wing 13 mm.

Female.-Length about 9 mrn.; rving 9.5 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae blaek throughout; flagellar segmenta(female) narrowly subcordate, rvith short apieal pedicelsl ternrinal segrnentmore
slender, about one-third longer than the penultimate. Heacl behincl light brown,
more grayish in front.
Pronotum yellowish. Mesonotal praescutum obseure yellorr, rvith five brownlines on posterior half, these inclurling the posterior ends of three more or lesseonfluent discal stripes, together with tlre darher lateral urargins of the sclerite;
scutum yellow, each lobe rvith a ring-like brolvn area; scutellum black, obscureyellorv meclially at base; postnotal mediotergite ehiefly blaekenecl. Pleura greenish yellow, handsornelyvariegatecllvith blaek, inelucling the rnictclleeoxae, sternopleurite and ventra.l half of anepisterlluur, I'rom rvhich last-narnecla black bantl
extends caudacl across the pteropleurite anrl pleurotergite to the postnotal
mediotergite; a rarl'otver incompiete stripe extends cauclatl and dorsad acrossthe meral region, nearly if not quite attaining the haltere; a linear blaek clash
on ura.rgin of clorso-pleural nrembrane. Halteres chiefly black, the base of stem
and base of knob pale. Legs with the coxae yellorv, the micl-coxae black, ascleseribedI trochanters yellorvI femora yellon', slightlv dalkened outrvartlly, thebroad apex abruptly clear light yellorv, enelosing a narro\\' subterrninal black
riug that is a little rrider than the ternrinal yellon' atrnulus atrd strbequalto thebasal pale anuulus; tibiae obseureyellorv, the proxinral etrcljust beyonclbase andpassinginto
ttt'tttinal trrrsitlst'gtrtettts
the apex narrori'lvanclsubr.qualll'hlrrcktrtrcl:
clark l.rrort'tt. \\'ings eleattt-r'ello\r'lllol'o saturatecl at lr:tse aud' in costal region;
extrente base of tving dalkened: tlrt, usu:tl rtct'llatcpattcrtr is arrangetl as fivecross}anfls,eourlrlrteor llearly so, tlre fi I':st:rt basc ancl lrefot'ethe supernumeraryclark fascia broad,erossvein,the latter lf ing in the iirst lxrlc itrtt'rslrttee;secorld.
with the origin of l?s as a eenter': tlrirrl fascia alrtng eord; fourth e,omposedof trvo eoutigu<lusoet'lli, tvith -R: antl outer cntl of eell l.st M, as centersl ouf,er'
most fasrria:rt nirrg-a.pex,broken: tlrt'tltrt't'outer interspacesare occupied.by
dark posterior rnargiual spotr at ends of vcitts 7st A, Cu1 antl tlfn, respectively;
veins yellorv, bror:r in the cloudetl arr'as. \-etuttion : Cell 1st M" long-rectangular,
the second.and thircl seetionsof J.[,{, sulrt'tlttal; ll-ct, just beyond fork of .]4.
Abclominal tergites climicliate, the bases blackenetl, the apiees yellorv; on
proximal segments,the blaek areas ate lnole restrictetl to the lateral portions,on the thirfl to seventh segnrents the lrl:rck bands are continuous and grad.ually
increasing in area on the outer selerites; genital segments obscure yellow.
The allotype urale is rnuch lrurgerthan tlrt' type fcrnale llut seemsunquestionably to belong hert'. ifhe clark band-likc fitseiae of the rvings are lnctre broken.
tr-ith lrore extcnsive pale centers, vet retain the five-bantlecl appeararlce of thetype. Male h;'poplgium (Fig.26) agrecing iu its general features \Yith /,. (D.)
arglls (Say) but differing in several regards. The ventral tlististyle is much
longer, with the outer lobe proclueecl; rostr:rl spines at the base of the prolongation but not arising in hyaline membrane, as in argus; apex of the prolon-

TEE

CR,ANE.FLIES OF PUERTO R,ICO

386

gation extentlecl into a emall sclerotizeal poi:nt. Lobe on mesal face of basistyle
very extensive.

Habitat.-Cuba, Jamaica.
Holotype, 9, Cinehona,Blue Mts., Jamaica,June 1889 (W. Fawcett) ; Brit. Mus. Aecess.No. 89-80. Allotype, 6 , San Bl6s, Santa
Clara, Trinidad. I\[ts., Cuba, altitude 700 feet, December4, 1931 (G.
C. Rowe). Paratopotype,one specimenof doubtful sex, from thetype-loeality.August 2, 1923 (C. C. Gowdey).
The type and paratype are in the British Museum of Natural
History, the allotype in the writer's eollection.
I'imonia (Discobola,)goudeyi is named in honor of the late lVIr.
C. C. Gowdey, former Entomologistfor Jamaica. The speciesis
tlrrite distinct from all other deseribedmembersof Discobola,being
closestto arg,us,yet differing in numerous features of coloration,
wing-pattern and structure of the male hypopygium. The discoveryof this subgenusin the Antilles far tb the south of its lmorvn range
was a highly signifieant one.
Orimarga (Orimarga) cubensissp. n.
General eoloration black; lateral margin of praescutum and a slightlv wicler
stripe on vetrtral pleura silvery: legs black; rvings long-petiolatebasallp'.nearlyhyaiine; R, meeting R, at an obtuse angle, lvith a short spur of .E, * , at the
point of angulation; nr-crrlying far distacl, shortlv before the level of tll outer
encl of -Rs; vein .Znd ,4 short.
Mal,e.-Jtength about 8 nutr.I rring i-) llln.
Rostrum antl palpi black. Antenna.ebroken. Head black, with a liu.irt gray- pruinosity.
Pronotunr and rnesonotunrblaek, the praescuturn narrowly lined Lrterallyu'ith sih'er)'. Pleura hrorm, lvith a, ventral silvery stripe that is a littlc witler
than the praescutal vitta. Halteres broken. Legs lvith the coxae and troehantershorn-eolored; rernainder of legs biack, the extrernefemoral bases paler. Wings
u'ith a, long basal petiole, nearlv hyaline I veins dark bronrr. Costal fringe(rnale) relatively long and clen-sc;rnacrotrichia of veinJ beyond corcl long antl
abun<lartt. Venation: ^Sc,euding oppositeorigin of Bs; free tip of 8c: preserved.l.8, rneeting -8, at an obtuse angle, J?,* , being representetl at this point ofangulatiorr b;' a tinv sirur; r'ein I[" a little less than three times ff, *o i nr-cu
lying far distad, about opposite the outer entl of -Rs antl about one-third that
section beyonclit; vein Zttd I unusually short.
Abdominal tergites brorvnishblack, narron'l.r'bordered latera,llyby yellowish;
tip of abdorneubroken.

Ifabitat.-Cuba.
Ifolotype. 6, Sierra Rangel. Pinar del Rio, August 28, 1929
(Aeuffa and Bruner) .
The long-petiolatewings readily separatethis fly from all allies.

THE JoURNAIT oF THE DEpARTMENT oF AGRTcUTJTURE oF p. R.

3tf6

except O. (O.) niueitarsrlsAlex. (Panama), which is readily told by
the whLitetarsi and position of rn-cxcoppositethe origin of Rs. The
general features of venatibn are somewhatas in O. (O.) wetmorei
Alex. (southern Florida) but the details are quite distinct, especiallythe namow cell 2nd A and the distal position of m-cu.
Elephantomyia westwoodi antillarum subsp. n.

(Fig. 13)

Male.-Length, exclucling rostrum, about 8.5-9.5 nurl.; rving 7-8.5 mn.;rostrum about 8-8.5 nun.
Sinrilar to typieal ute.stwood,iO. $., differing as follorvs: Antenna€ more
uniforrnly infuseated. Mesonotum not or scarcely darkenecl medially; ventral
sternopleurite restrieteclly blackenecl. Wing-apex clistinctly infumecl. Abclomen
almost entirely yellow, the lateral portion of tergites clarkenecl; subterminal
segment infuscated but less so than in uestutooilii sternites three ancl four witha median bron:r spot before caudal nrargin. Male hllopvgium rvith the outerdististyle conspicuously bidentate at apex, the outel spine straighter and more
slend.erthan the curved axial or inner spine.

Habitat.-Cuba, Hispaniola.
Holotype, 6 , Buenos Aires, Trinidad Mts., Cuba, altitude 235(U-2800 feet, May 34, 1931 (Bruner, Acufra and Otero). Paratopotypes,26 S. f have also seenthis from lfispaniola (Haiti), taken
by Dr. J'ohn G. Myers.
The relationship of the present fly to westwooili seenlsbest expressedby a trinomial.
Teucholabis (Teucholabis) gowdeyi nigroterurinalis subsp. n.
Male.-Length 10-11 nrm.; n'ing 8-85 mm.
Close to typical glordeyi Alex., (.Ianraica), differing rnost eviclently in the
broad blaek a.pieesof all tlre fenrora. In the tvpical form, the correspontling
markings are tu.uchllarro\\'er, tlark llrorrn. and. are subterrninal in position.

Habitat.-Cuba.
I{olotype, 6, Sierra Rangel. Pinar clel Rio, January 27-30, 1931
(Acufla and Otero). Paratl'pes.1 6 . RuenosAires, Trinidad Mts.,
altitude 2350-2800feet, Itay 3, 1932 (Rruner and Otero) ; 1 badly
damaged A . San RI6s. Trinidad ltts. (G. C. Rowe).
Expl.,.ts.\TloN

oF PTTATESPI,ATE XLIII

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

t. Megistoceralongipennis (l\,Iaeq.); venation.
2. BrachAprernnaunieolor O. S.; venation.
(Megistom,astir)portori,cerasfs
3. Dol,i,chopeza(Alex.) : venation.
4. Limonia, (Limonia) hoffmani .Llex.; venation.
5. Helitts (Helhr,s)albitarsis (O. S.) ; venation.

THE

CRANE-FLIES OF PUERTO RIOO
PLATE

38?

XLIV

Fig. 6. Li,monia (Limonia) lt'offmant,Alex.; male hypopygium.
Fig. 7. Limonia (Dicranomyia) distans (o.s.) ; male hypopygium.
Fig. 8. Limonia (Dicranomyia) iliuisa Alex. ; male hypopygium.
Symbols: a : edeagus; b : basistyle; d - dististyle ;dd - dorsal dististyle; g: gonapophysis;t - tergite; vd - ventr,al dististyle.
PITATE XI-,'V

9. Orima,rga (Diotreplt'a) mirabilis (O.S.) ; venation.
t0. Polymera (Polym,era') genieulafc Alex.; venation.
ll. ShannonomAia leonardf sp. n.; \'enation.
12. Heratoma (Eri,ocera) cubansis (Alex.) ; venation.
13. Etephantomyia westwooili antillartnn subsp.n.; venation.
PITATE XL,'VI

Fig. 14. Epiph,ro.gma'eubensis Alex.; venation.
Symbols: A - Anal veins; C : Costa; Cu : Oubitus;
I[ - Media ; R: Radius ; Rs - Radial sector.
PLATE XI.,VII15. Gono'myio,(L'iTtophleps)bifiligera sp. n.; venation.
nigrosigna,foAlex. ; venation.
76 Teu,cholabis('I'eu,ch,olo,bis)ni'ueitarsis(Alex.) ; venation.
I7. Trentepoh,lia(Paranlo'ngorno,)
portoricensfssp. n.; venation.
L8. Eri,ogttera(Mesocyph,ona)
19. Tororhina (To:rorluina)centra.lis.,\lex.; venation.
PLATE XIJVIII

20. Gonom.yia (Lipophleps) h,elopldlaAlex. ; male hypopygium.
21. Gonomgia (Lipophleps) bifiligera sp.n.; male hypopygium.
22. Gonomryia (ItipoTthlep's) bicornu,ta Alex. ; male hypopygium.
23. Gonomgia (Li,pophleps) proiltr,ct,aAlex. ; male hypopygium.
24. Gonomgia (Itipophl'eps) subterm,inalis Alex.; male hypopygium.
Symbols : b - basistyle ; d - dististyle ; p : phallosome.
25. Lilmon'ia (Limonio,) cari'brvo,sp. n. ; male hypopygium.
26. Lim,onia (Discobola) gowdeyi sp. n. ; male hypopygium.
Symbolsz a- redeagus; b : basistyle; dcl: dorsal
dististyle ; g - gonapophysisi t : tergite ;vd - ventral dististyle.

PLATE XtilIPLATE XLIV€t
.tt.ti
tat

t

t-'

I

a?

\9

1;'.' ..' '

o

-

3

E

a

I-

I'LATE XLVPIATE XLVI

-t-a

Fl

qJ
a

[-+.

\ a
l

-

EI
I

GT

PLATE XLVII€5-l

PLATE XLVIII

2l

22

23

24
yd

a

-"ta.oa ' a - t '
1
n

!

,
'

l
tg

25
26