第12回知的財産翻訳検定

１級

化学

標準解答

問1
1. A method of fabricating a dye-sensitized solar cell including a firsttransparent substrate having a transparent electrode thereon, asemiconductor particle layer located on the transparent electrode andcomposed of a porous zinc oxide layer containing photosensitive dyemolecules, a second substrate having a counter electrode thereon, an
electrolyte layer composed of a liquid or liquid-like electrolyte andsandwiched between the semiconductor particle layer and the counterelectrode, and an encapsulant encapsulating the electrolyte layer and fixing
the first and second substrates, the method comprising the steps of:performing electrodeposition on the first transparent substrate byimmersing the first transparent substrate into a solution containing KClfrom 75 mM to 2 M, ZnCl2 from 3 mM to 15 M, and eosin Y from 100 M to130 M, while oxygen is bubbled through the solution, to form a zinc oxide
film on the transparent electrode; andremoving the eosin Y from the zinc oxide film to obtain the porous
zinc oxide layer.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second substrate comprises
the same material as that of the first transparent substrate.

問2[0002]
Petroleum-derived mineral oils have been used as base oils oflubricating oils for their availability. In recent years, lubricating oils havebeen required to be used at a wider range of temperatures, to be compatible
with energy-saving apparatuses, and to have less impact on the environment
than before. Mineral oils, however, cannot fulfill these requirements due totheir insufficient lubricity, heat resistance, oxidation stability,
low-temperature flowability, and biodegradability. To meet therequirements, the mineral oils serving as the base oils of lubricating oils
have been replaced with esters of hindered alcohols called polyol esters(POEs), which show excellent performance in terms of the above properties;

examples of the hindered alcohols include neopentyl glycol, trimethylol
propane, and pentaerythritol.
[0003]
Specifically, lubricating oils for refrigerator oils are required to becompatible with chlorine-free hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants that areextensively used in refrigerators. For example, Patent Document 1
discloses a lubricating oil for hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants that contains,
as a main component, an ester from a polyhydric alcohol having three ormore hydroxyl groups and 15 or fewer carbon atoms and a fatty acid having 2
to 18 carbon atoms.

問3
Comparative Example 3[0056]
CaCO3 (purity: 99.5%) and Co3O4 (purity: 66% to 74%) were mixed ina vessel in a weight ratio of 3:1, and then mixed with CaCl2 serving as a flux
such that the CaCl2 content in the resultant mixture was 90 mol%. The
mixture was placed in an alumina crucible having a height of 70 mm and adiameter of 80 mm. The crucible was covered with an alumina disc tosuppress evaporation of the flux, placed in a muffle furnace in air, andheated at 1173 K for 10 hours. The melt was slowly cooled at a rate of 1 K/h
to 800 K and subsequently subjected to furnace cooling to obtainsingle-crystal flakes. Finally, the flakes were washed with water to remove
the flux. Of these flakes, flakes with the largest quantity had dimensions ofabout 5 mm  5 mm  0.01 mm. At least 50 wt% of the single-crystal flakes
had sizes larger than the openings of a 4-mm sieve defined by JIS Z8801.
Thus, the intended flakes were not obtained.
[0057]The present invention is not limited to the Examples above, and thescope of the present invention is defined by the Claims below.