N. A. F.46.-10.

Issued June 20, 198.

Psges 150-169. Plates X-XI.

DIPTERAOF THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.
ALASKA(TIPULIDAE AND R,IIYPHIDAE)
By

CHARI,ES P. ALEXANDER,
DEPARTMENI OF ENTOMOLOCY.
MASSACEUSETTS AGBICULTURAL COI]I]EGIE.

Separatefrom Nonrq Auonrclu Feur.re No. 46, Bureauof Biological Survey, U. S. Department of Agriculture,"A Biol--ogicalSurvey of the Piibilof Islandsf Ahska."

wAsHlXqtoi

I oovEiixErt

pBttTtxo oFFtcE ! tuDI"TEAA.
Suborder Orthorrhapha,Division NEMATOCERA.
Families TIPULIDAA and RHYPHIDAE.
By Crrenlns P, Ar,nxlNurn, Dcpartment of Entomology,
trIassachusetts Agricultural CoUege.
(I']lates X and XI.)

Our knowledge of the crane flies of the Pribilof Islands is due
Iargely to the collectionsmade by G. Dallas Hanna on the island of
St. George and by Alvin G. and Elsie G. Whitney on the island of
St. Paul, previous collectionsyielding very fragmentary data. In
E. A. Schwarz's list' the following records for members of thisfamily of flies occur:
Trichocera sp. A single specimencollected by tr'Ir.Barrett-Hamilton. To thisor an allied speciesI am inclined to refer the " gnet " mentioned by Mr. IXllioti
which " flits about in large swarms, but it is inoffensive and seeks shelter iu
the grass."
Tipulid. A single larva from Mr. Barrett-Hamilton's collection from St. Paul
indicates a larger species than the Trichocera just mentioned.

The abovematerial was determinedby the late D. W. Coquillett;additional specimensthat were collectedby Mr. Elliott in 1895were
found a,mongthe undetermined material in the United States National Museum and will be found recorded under Ti'pula whi.tneyi
on a later page.
The crane fly fauna of theseislandsis similar to that of many otherwind-swept islands,in the large number of specieswith the wings so
atrophied that the flies are incapable of flight. The relatively large
number of speciesthat seemto be confinedto the Pribilofs is partly
accountedfor in this manner. The Alaskan Tipulidae namedby Mr.
Coquillett and now contained in the National Museum have been
compared with the Pribilof material and were found to represent
quite a difrerent fauna, somecomparisonsto which are noted in later
pages.
The notes of the collectors of the material are quoted under their
original numbers.
r Scbwarz, !i. A., Llst of inseets hltherto known from the Pribilof!\rr Seals and f'ur-s€al Islanals, Part 3, pp. 550-552, 1899.
4583&-23

Islanals: Report on159

Iratnily

IIIIYI'HIDl\I!.

Genus ?'ricltocero l{eigen
Trichocera(1303)'

sp.

Numerous specimensof these crane-flieswere included in the collection, but the systematic conclition of thc speciesof the genus issuch that it is impossibieto identify the insects at this time. st.
GeorgeIsland, June 14, 1914; St. Paul Island, Sept' 30, 1911' Mr'
Whitney's note on his number 168 follows:'cSpring 1914. 12 gnats (?) flying in a srvarnrby tlrc lrrbolatory,
St. Paul fsland."Family TIPULIDAE.
Subfamil5' I:rMNoBrrNAE.
Tribe Pediciini.
Gews TricAplnnu'letterstedt(1840).

gt' rrll 1' (' .)ncilvcl plt r r r r it csvt r r '. yslr or t lt t t r l st <lt t t rt lr c ot t t er f n<'er vit hlnllnLl.olls pnle ltairs, tlie inner facc with numerous blnck spicule.sl
appcndages trvo, the dorsal appendage a ctpitate lobe on a \rerysliort pedicel, the head "with numerous black spicules and a ferv longyellow hairs; ventral appendage a flattened blade-iike subchitinizedarm; ninth sternite narrow, the caudal margin rvith the median portion straight but siightly ilenticulate at the ends.
Holotype, 6 , St. George Island, Bering Sea I June 10' 1-914(I{anna). 6(Lot-number 13. Found near a pool in Sphagnum bog,
r rest of villase.tt
Therebu little doubt but that this insect is a ilegenerate species"onof T'ricypllona with the fused portion of i'eins Il,*o of the wings
very extensive, and many details of the venation considertbly atroThe insect is named in honor of the colphied or hypertrophied.
lector, G. Dallas llanna.
Subfamily Trt'uLrNAn.

Tricyphona hannai, n. sP.

Male, length about 7.7 mm'; wing, 5.8 mm.
Rostrum and palpi very short, dark brown. Antennae short, dorkbrown, first segmentabout half again as long as the second;flagellum
short, of an indeterminablenumber of segments,the basal segments
greatly enlarged,thencetapering to the apex; the terminal. segments
very small, more or lessfused, and provideclwith long verticils I eyes
small, hairy; head with the front and vertex broad, dark brorvn,
with a grayish yellow Pollen.
Pronotum prominent I thorax dark brown with a grayish-yellow
pollen; halteres long, nore or less flattened and twisted, the knob
not prominent I wings considerably atrophied both in iength andwiLlth, the venation considerably degenerated(see pl. 10, fig. 1) ;the color is light brorvn, the disk darker anteriorly; the costa is
incrassatedand provided with severalranks of stout hairlike bristles;
Ets elongated,straight, in a line with fr4*6,which is forked at theape;i,nl and Ru being separateat the wing-margin; Rr*, indistinct
otr it. terminal portion I cross-veinr-m elongate,prominent; media
with only the upper branch clearly defined,this branch apparently
unforked; cubitus well developed,dark brown, well defined; twoanal veins, the second very long and straight I some of the veinswith strong hairs or hairlike bristles on them, a group_of about nr,cin the stigLal region, about six along Rr*"i a considerable seriell
on the apical portion of Rn*, and on Rn and -Ru,'about twelve on
the upper branch of M, others on the forks of Cu, and about nine,
evenly spaced,on the secondanal vein.
Abdomen dark brown, with sparselong, yellow appresseclhairs;
caudal ancl lateral margins of the segmentspalerl hypopygium (seePl. X, fig. 6) with the ninth tergite rather broad, the caudal margin

Tribe Tipulini.
Genus Tipula Linnaeus (1758).
'Iipulawhitneyi,n. sP.

Male, length 13-14mm.1 wing, 2.8-5.5mm.
Female, length 19-22 mm.1 wing, 2.5-3 mm.
Itrontal prolongation of the head moderate in length, gray, nasus
indistinct; palpi dark brorvn. Antennae dark brownish-black, thosegmentso{ the flagellum very siightly constricted beyond the enlarged baseI the segmentscoveredwith a short, dense,gray pubescence.
Ifead clear whitish gray rvith a distinct impressedmedian line.
Pronotal scutum light gray rvith a narrow median brown vitta.
Mesonotalpraescutumand scutum clear light gray without apparent
darker markings of any kindl scutellum and postnotum brorvnish
gray with a narrow brown median vitta; pleura brorvnish gray;halteres short, yellowish brown, the knob darker brown; legs withthe coxaeprominent, light gray, with numerouslong pale hairs; trochanters reddish brown I femora and tibiae reddish bro'rvn,tippedwith dark brown; tarsi dark brown to black; wings extremelyreduced
in both sexes,in some specimensa little longer than in others, one
male having the right wing twice as long as the left wing; in most
specimensthe wings extend about to the tip of the first abdominal
segment; wings light brown, the costal margin very greatly incrassated,the region immediately behind the costawith an abundanceof short bristles; venation (seePl. X, fig. 2) indistinct, distorted. but
traceable.
Abdomen varying from brown to reddish brown, with a broad,dark brown dorso-medianstripe; first tergite largely dark brown;

Iateral nrargins o{ the scleritesbroadly, caudal margins vory lrilrrowly, pale; sternitesgrayish brown; hypopygium (seePl. X,fig. 7)
with the ninth tergite (see Pl. XI, fig. 13) prominent, the caudal
margin with a broad U-shapedmedian notch which is notched again
by a smaller W-shapedincision; the laternl lobesare broadly truncated,with the caudal margin shiny, tumid; ninfh pleurite large,
complete,situated on the dorso-caudalface of the ninth sternite, theventral inner angle clothed rvith numerouslong pale yellorv hairs;
pleural appendagestwo, the outer appendagea slender, cylindricalfleshy lobe that is clothed 'n'ith comparatively short hairs I innerprojecting cephalacl
pleural appendagelarge, prominent, compressecl,
as a narrowed lobe 'rvhichoccupiesthe notch of the tergite I near theapex it is split into a srnaller lobe which is deflectedlaterad; ninth
sternite 'with a broad U-shaped notch on the caudal half ; on the
ceplialic half the margins of each side are approximatedbut noteighth sternite with thecontiguous,the meclianarea membranaceous;caudal margin simple, unarmed.
The female is similar to the male but the dorso-medianabdominal
vitta is often interrupted on the basal third of each segmentl thelvings are still shorter, extending to just beyond the baseof the firstabdominal segmentI valves of the ovipositor (see pl. 11, fig. 21)very long ancl slender,the tergal valves slightly divergent, enlarged
basally, thencegladually narrorvedto the tip; sternal valves shorter,
complessed,the apices rather blunt.
Holotype, 6, St. George Island, Bering Sea; June 12, LgI4
(Hanna); lot 16. Allotype, 9, topotypic; lot 27,,June 16, 1914.
Paratypes,35 6 ts, 9 's, as follorvs: 18 6 's, 8 9 's, topotypic, June 12
trr July 8, 1914 (Hanna);lots 16, l7)27) 30,41,46149r52,and55.
1 6, Otter fslancl,July 3, 1913 ('!Vhitney); lot 60. 1 6, 1 9, St.
Paul Island, June 10, 1913 (Whitney) ; lot 40. 2 I's rvith the last,June 1, 1-914;lot 170. 1 6 , bred from pupa, rvith the last, June,
1914;lot L86. 1 6,1 9 (gravid), St. Paul fsland, July 10,1895(H. W. Elliott). 1 6, rvith the last, July 72,1895;IJ.S. Nat. Mus,
Acc. No. 30147.
The accompanying collectors' notes with the abo'i'elot numbers
are as follows:
IIanna: Lot 16. n'ound crawling over grass of high beach lands, not seen
near bogs or on top of high l)ills; lot 30, torvard East Rookery from villagenone seen with rvings developed; lot 41, uplands toward Staraya Artel Rookery;lot 46, from toward East Rookery; lot 49, toward Zapadni---damaged byc.vanide; lot 52, from toward Zapadni Rookery,
Whitney: Lot 40. In grass, one at Kitovi and the other on Reef Peninsula;lot 60, Otter Island (6 miles from St. Paul).

This fly is named in honor o{ the collector of certain of the paratypes, Mr. Alvin G. Whitney.

'l'ho pullu,l skin {rcm which orre of the paratypes was bred wascollectedabout June 1 and the adult fly emergedearly in June. The
following noteson the exuvium are included:
Length about 21.5mm I diameter about 5 mm.; prothoracic breathing horns very short, finely crenulated;.abdominal tergites with thecaudal half of each segmentbearing four blunt tuberclesin alignment I the eighth segment with a fleshy tubercle on each side; ninth
tergite (seePl. Xf, fig.23) with the c,audalmargin deeply conca\re;the lateral angles wrinkled; tergal valves very elongated, blunt attheir apicesI sternal valves shorter; caudal half of sternite five (seePl. XI, fig. 2q with four subacutefleshy tubercles on each side of
the median line; sixth sternite with three similar tuberclesI seventh
sternite with two similar tubercles; eighth sternite with six large
tuberclesI leg pads ending about at the baseof abdominal segment
four; wing pads ending just beyond the baseof segmentthree.
Tipula pribilofensisr

n. sF.

Pls. X and XI.

Mqle.-Length 12.5-13.5 mm.; wing, 10.5-11.5 mm.; a,ntennae
about 5.5 mm.
Female.-Length, 15.5-19mm.1 wing, 1G-11mm.
tr'rontal prolongation of the head rather short, dark brown, witha dark gray bloom; nasusdistinct; palpi short, dark brown; antennao
rather elorrgated,black, the flagellar segmentsbeyond the first deeply
constrictedat their middle; headdark with a dense,dark gray bloom.
Pronotal scutum gray, the scutellum yellowish on the lateral margins, this color becomingconfluentwith the samecolor of the dorsopleural membranesI mesonotum gray, stripes not indicated; sidesof the scutellum and postnotum more yellowish; pleura brownish
gray; halteres rather short, dull yellow, the knobs more brownish I
legs with the coxae gray, trochanters, femora and tibiae brown, thetwo latter a little darkened at their apices; tarsi black; wings semiatrophied, the length little reduced but the width considerablyrestricted so that the venation is much distortedI color of the wings
pale brownish, the stigma distinct, pale brown, not encroachinginto
the baseof cell R, I veins brown I venation as in Plate 10, Figure 3.
A'bdominal tergitos reddish yellow with three indistinct interrupted brown lines, the lateral stripes becoming distinct only on
the apical segmentswhere they sufiuse the entire bases of thesclerites; ninth tergite black; tergites with conspicuoustransverse
punctured areas on the basal half of each sogment,these areas interrupted on the mid-dorsal line; hypopygium (see Pl. X, fig. 8)
with the ninth tergite (seePl. XI, fig. 1a) extensive,the caudal margin with a very broad V-shapednotch. the lateral angles prolonged
caudad as shiny impunctate hornsI pleural appendagestwo; theouter appendagea cotrspicuouselongated fleshy lobe, narrowed atthe base,thence very slightly expandedund tapering gradually ttl
the blunt apex; it is clothed rvith abundant hairs, on the caudtrl facevery long, divergent, on the cephalic and lateral faces short, more
appressedI inner pleural appendagea complex, flattened, chitinizedlobe divided into two lobnles, the ventrai or caudal lobule projecting caudadas a compressedblade that is blunt at the apex, the outerface with about eight short bristles, the inner face witir severallong
pale hairsl the inner or dorsal lobule jutting into the notch of theninth tergite, flattened,compressed,with indistinct parallel grooyes;
the sterno-pleuralsuture is indistinct; at the point where it is usually
located a short, slender, fleshy setigerouslobe; eighth sternite (seepl. 11,fig. 19) producedcaudadas a yery flattened,depressed,medianarm that is shapedlike a spadeI the apex is gently notched mediallyby a broad U-shapedincisionI the cauclal margin of this tongue isfringed with delicate pale hairs.
The female is similar to the male; the antennal segmentssimple
throughout; abdominal tergites dark gray, the caudal margins of
the segmentsbrighter, more yellowish; ovipositor (see Pl. XI, fig.
20) with the last tergite extremely elongated,smooth, shiny black,ehitinized; tergal valves of the ovipositor triangular, lying bothtransversely and vertically, short, acutely pointed from very broadbases,the apices divergent; the dorsal face smooth, light chestnut
brown; the outer face with a prominent median carina running frorn
the base to the apex, the remaining surface of this face with aroughened irregular meshwork of raised lines; the ridges between
the three faces of the valves with numerousfimbriate hairs I sternalvalvesreducedto tiny lobes.
Holotype, 3, St. Paul fsland, June l, 19L+ (Whitney) ; lot 170.
" No 170. About June 1, 1914. 'I'olstoi sand dunes. Crane flies
rvere crawling everywhere at this time and many were mating.
Allotype, I , topotypic. Paratypes,20 6's, 3 9's, topotypic.
Tipula aleutica, n, sp.

Pls. X and XL

ltrIale.-Length about 13-14 mml wing, 13.5 mm. Discolored bycyanicle.
Frontal prolongation of the head dark brown, short and stbut;
nasus indistinct; antennae dark bror'vn,rather short, the segments
rrot constricted; head dark grayish brown with abundant long palelrairs.
Pronotal scutum grayish brown with abundant long pale hairs;
mesonotalpraescutum gray with blue-gray stripes, these latter indistinctly margined with darl<er; the median stripe broaclcstat the
cephalic end, narrowed at the sutttre, these stripes appearing to bediscolored, probably by the action of cyanidel scutum gray, tholobes blue-grayI pleura dull gray; halteres short, pale yellowish

througlrout; lcgs lvith the coxaedull gray denselycoveredwith Iong
pale hairs I trochanters brown I femora and tibia iight brorvnislr;'ellow, the apices slightly darkened; tarsi dark brown; rvings witha very faint brownisli tinge, the stigma brorvn; r'eins darir brownl
lenation as in Plate 10, Figure 4.
Abdomen brownish gray, the caudal margins of the segments
ringed with paler; hypopygium (see Pl. X, fig. 9) with the ninth
tergite (seePl. XI, fig. 15) moderatelyprominent, the caudal margin
straight across,rvith two lobes, one on either side of the medianline; these lobes pale yellorv, conical, their apices rather acute, therrotch betrveen thern narrowly V-shaped; ninth sterno-pleurite
prominent, the pleural region partially separatedfrom the sternite
by a conspicuousarcuated suture beneath; pleural appendagestwo,
situated far out near the apex of tho sterno-pleurite,the outer appendage pale, prominent, flattened, a little narrowed toward theblunt apexI inner appenclageof a very sirnple structure, a pale.
slightly chitinized lobe whose anterior angle is produced cephalati
as a long subacutelobule, on the outer face near the caudal margin,
a slender, acutely pointed horn directed cephalad; ninth sternito
profoundly incised by a very narrow V-shapednotch, the adjacentmargins pale-pubescent,not approximated; eighth sternite narrow,the caudal margin straight across,unarmed.
('Lot
Holotype, 6, St. GeorgeIsland, Jnne 27, 1914 (Hanna).
49. Toward Zapadni."
This crane fly belongs to the group of perl'ongi,pasJohnson, sulphurea Doane, tenebrosaCoquillett, and lcennicolli Alexander. The
only specieswith which it requirescomparison are cimmeria Speiser,and tenebrosaOoquillett, and this comparisonis given herewith, thenotes and figures being based upon the types in the Unitetl States
National Museum.
'I''i,pula cimmeria Speiser (Dem l(ilimand.iaro, dem Meru Expedition, 10, Diptera. 4, Orthorhapha. NematocerarP. 57r 1909) is
the correct name for Tipula stri'gata Coquillett. Type number 5205,
U. S. National Museum, from Yakutat, Alaska, Juno 21, 1899.colIected by Kincaid.
The type of strigata is a malel antennaerather short, scape dull
yellow, flagellum, dark brown, the segments a little constrictedbeyond the base: Frontil prolongation of the head short, nasusvery
prominent; Wing-venation with the basal deflection of R.ru,
r-rn and the basal deflection of Mr*, almost in a line. Hypopygiumwith the tergite, pleurite and sternite fused in an almost continuous
ring, the pleural suture well-indicated beneath; the tergo-pleuralnotch small, on the caudal margin only; ninth tergite (seePl. XI'
fig. 16) subquadrate,dark brown, with the caudal margin transversely truncated and bearing a pair of median lobes (as in thotephrocephalagroup) I thesc lobes pale, darkenetl tr,t thcir lpiccs,
very closely approximated on the basal three-quarters,the tips more
separated,the apices of the lobes minutely spiculose;the length ofthese lobes is about the same as the length of the tergite; they arefringed on their outer lateral margin with long hairs I ninth pleurite with the suture conspicuousbeneath,broadly U-shaped;the ventrocaudal angle with a tuft of long hairs which are decussateon the
median line beneathI outer pleural appendage (see Pl. X, fig. 12)
large, prominent, pale, fleshy, very flattened, elongate,slightly constricted beyond the base,then expanded,the apex a little pointed;
the outer face with scanty strigose yellow hairs; inner pleural appendagevery large, powerful, bilobed, the outer or caudal lobe short,subrotund, the apex a little truncated, densely and finely pale strigoseon the inner faceI inner lobe flattened,compressod; ninth sternite deeply divided, at the caudal trrgle just behind the suture withon the median line beneath;a sparsetuft of long pale hairs, clccussate
near the baseof the split a densetuft of golden yellow hair; eighthsternite prominent, straight across the caudal margin, unarmecl
with any brush or tuft.
Ti,pul,atenebrosaCoquillett was describedfrom Berg Bay, Alaska;
collectedJune 10, 1899,by Kincaid; type number 5206,U. S. National Museum. The type is a male; the hypopygium has the ninth
tergite (seePl. XI, fig. 1?) large, convex,the caudal margin with aprominent stout lobe on either side of the median line, these separated by a, spaceequal to about one-half the diameter of the lobe;
the apicesof theselobesblackened,minutely spiculoseI caudal margin of the tergite sloping obliquely backward from theselobes; notch
betweenthe ninth tergite and the ninth pleurite quite deep,but notrunning back to the eighth segment; ninth pleurite incomplete,thepleural suture well indicatecl beneath; the pleural region produced
caudad as a blunt triangular arm bearing the appendagesout near
its apexlouter pleural appendage(seePl. X, fig. 11) flattened,subquadrate or slightly elongated,bearing at the baseon the inside theinner pleural appendagewhich is flattened.bilobed, the caudal lobe
a short, blackened,chitinized point; the c,audalface of the lobe on
the basal half is downy pubescentIninth sternite deeply cleft on the
median line beneathbut the adjoining sides.contiguous;eighth sternite prominent, the caudal margin unarmed. Coquillett's description of the hypopygium does not agree at all with the type; theouter pleural appendagesare describedas being nearly twice as longas wide, the lower outer angle considerably prolonged beyond theupper one; this agreesmuch better with the somewhatsimilar Ti.pula
cimmeria, discussedabove.

Tlpuln olascoensls,rr. sp.

Pls. X and XI.

Male.-Length, 1,1-13.5mm.1 wing, 14.5-15mm.
Ir'emale.-Length, 15-18 mm.1 wing, 1,7.5mm.
Irrontal prolongation of the head bluish gray, very short, nasus
indistinct; palpi gray, short I antennae very short, black, with l.
sparsegrayish blooml first segmentelongated,longer than the secand and third together; the flagellar segmentsvery short, slightly
constrictedbeyonclthe basal sr,veiling;head blue-gray with abundant
long hairs, especiallya tuft on the genae.
Mesonoturndall< gray rvith rathcr inclistinct stripes, the medianvitta very broad, rapidly narrorvedbehind; lateral stripes narrow,beginuing behincl the conspicuouspseudosutural foveaeI thoracic
interspaces'n'ith short pale, erect hairl scutum an<l lateral portions of the postnotum rvith abundant erect black hairs; pleura
dark gray, smooth, u, large setigerous area on the mesepisternuur
behind the fore coxae; halteres short, brown, the knobs a littlebrighter; legs rvith the coxae gray, clothed with abundant longyellow hairs; femora yellowish brown tipped 'with dark brown I
tibiae brown tipped with darker brorvn; tarsi dark brown; wings
fully developedin both sexes,strongly tinged with brownish yellow,
the costal cell not different in color from the other cells of the wing;
stigma conspicuous,oval, dark brown; small aleas before the stigma
in cell 1st E, and beyond the stigma in cell 2d R' and the base ofl?, slightly paler I veins dark brown I venation as in Plate X,
Figure 5.
Abclomen dark gray, the segments narrorvly ringed r'vith paleyellowish around the caudai margin; hypopygium (see Pl. X, fig.
10) very inconspicuonsand somervhatconcealed;ninth tergite (seePl. XI, fig. 18) rather prominent, the caudal margin rounded, witha deep,narrow neclian notch I the lateral lobes are thus very bloarl
and somewhatobliqueiy truncated; dorsal snrface of the sclerite
denseiyhairy; ninth pleurite small, complete,situatedon'the dorsocaudal face of the ninth sterniteI outer pleural appenclageshort,clavate. sliglrtly enlarged at the base, the head rounded, clothedu'ith abunclant golden hairs; inner pleural appendagecompressed,
flattenecl,on the outer face clothed with short, appressedgolden
hairs; ninth sternite prominent, with a yery deep median notch
whosemargins are widely separated.
The femaie is generally similar to the male; the ovipositor has
the last two segments exceedingly narrowed as in besselsi,Osten
Sacken and pili,copsAlexander; the tergal valves (seePl. XI, frg.22)
acute but small, tapering graclually from the broad base,the apices
diversent.

Holotype, male, St. GeorgeIslancl,June 14, 1914 (lllnna), Lot
number 17. Allotype, female, topotypic. Paratypes, 2 rnalcs, 3
females,topotypicl 2 females,topotypic on June 16, 1914 (Lot 2i).
((Lot number 1?. In wet places,mostly, but some seen crawlingover grass far from rvater. None seen{lying. Those rvith wings bestdeveloped (the present species) from Spring Creek, Garden Cove.
One seenwith the very fuzzy fly in No. l8 (Bcato'phaga)beneathit1,
apparently both rvere fighting." "Lot number 27. Garden Cove.
Mrs. E. G. Whitney."
Tipula, sp.
Abundant

larvaeo{ an unlinorvn

species of Ti,pulataken

N or th Am er i c a n Fa u n e N c . 4 6 , U S D e p t . A g r. , B i o l o g i c a l S u rv e y .

R .ffi< \ \ \ \ \--\\1ot_

g *ffi t,*

on St.

Paul island July 18-20, 1913. 1\{r. lVhitney's notes on t}re species
are very interesting:N ;'P L A TE

X.

v

-r. v

et

a

No. 77. July 18, 1913. Ileef I'ariule Glountl. 12 lar'\'uc. Abun<l:rnt every"where thele around the roots of grasscs, herbs, and especially uutler beds ofmoss on the roots of rvhich it feetls, killing the lross over considollble areas.
Under such a rnoss bed I found as many as 20 to the square foot. This larva
is found all oyer the island in grassy or rnossy places and all through thesummer season. It nrust be of considerable ecological irnportance because of
its food value to the birds and fo\es. 1'he foxes rvill dig over large areas ofmoss beds to feed on these larlae. Was unable to {ind the species in atlult
form. Could not scem to raise adlults in laboratory by keeping larvae rvith.one of the food plants. It niay possibly be the lnrval forrn of the crane fly,which is very abundant. Colcr not altered by pickling in'alcohol.

The identity of the form with rny of the adult flies knor,vnfrom
the Pribilofs is very doubtful. The large size of the larvae in midJuly n-ould imply a speciesthat emergesat or near the very end of
the grorving season,ancl it seemspossiblethat they beiong to sucha species,as yet unkno$'n.
The fully grorvn larva measurcs29-30 mm. in length and about 5mm. in diameterI the form is plump, color light brownish yellow
without conspicuousdalker markings I hairs a,nd setae sparseI thedorsao{ the thoracicsegmentswith hairs as in Plate 11, Figure 25;
the abdominal segmentsirave six bristles in alignment, the intermediate four being almost evenly spaced,thc outer one being muchthe strongest; the fifth and sixth again are weak and situated close
to the strong bristles (seePl. XI, fig.26). The stigmal field is surrounded by six weak teeth, the dorsal pair closelyapproximated,thelateral pair being latero-dorsal in position; the ventral pair verybroad, the inner face with a broad-triangular black chitinized area.
Stigmata large, separatedby a distanceabout equal to the diameterof one stigma, located ventrad of the four dorsal-lying teeth thatsurround the stigmal field; gills fleshy,not prominent. (SeePl. Xf,
figs.27,28.)
Triryphona glaclnlis Alexander, a\d Ti.pula pri.bitovia Alexander have previously beenrecorded by this author. (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Fourth Ser. 11, pp. 183-184, Noy.,
1921.)-W. r,, M.

9st-pl

ffi

w
w

--

\w-

tz

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D E TA I L S

oF CRANEFL I E S(TI P U L I D A E ).

(Explanation on page 169.)

oF I'r,ATEsX exo XI.
lr)xt.t,,rN,n'tloN
I'lllc X.-I)etnils of Crane n'lies (Tipulidae).

No rth A me ri ca n F a una No.46, U. S, Dept. Agr ., Biologlcat S ur v ey .

PLATE XI,

l. \Vlrrgof TricAphonahannai, sp. n.
2. Wlng of Tipula whitneAi, sp. n,
3. Wing of Tipula pribilofensis, sp. n.
4. Wing of Tipula aleutica, sp. n. ; Rr, z, g, r, o:Railial veins; Mr, Mz, 1\Ir:
Medial veins; Cur, Cu,:Cubital veins; 2tl A:second anal vein.
Fig. 5. IVing of Tipula oloscaensis,sp. n,
pleurite;Fi s. 6. Hypopygium of Trdcuphona hannai; dorsal aspect; pl:niuth
d:dorsal appendage; r::ventral appendage.
andIrtg. 7. Hypopygium of Tdpula wh4tnegi'; lateral aspect; 8t, 9t:eighth
ninth tergites ; Ss:eighth sternite,
Fis. 8. Ilylr<rlryglunrof fipula, pribdlofensis; lateral aspect; lettering as ln fig.
7 ; t) st-pl:rrinth sterno-pleurite.
Fig. 0. Ilylxrpygiurn of 'I'it)ula oleutica; lateral aspect; lettering as in figs. 7
and 8.
Ftg.10. Ilypopygium ol Tipula alascaensis; lateral aspect; lettering as in fig,
7; 9s, 9pl:ninth sternite and pleurite.
Fis.-11. ()uter pleural appendage of Tigtttl,atenebrosa Coquillett, lateral aspect.
fi'ig.12. Outer pleural appendage of Tdpula cimlnerda'Speiser; lateral aspect.
lris.
Fi g.
I''ig.
Fig.

Plate Xl.-Details

28

DETA|LS oF CRAflE FLtEs (TtpultDAE).
(Explenation on page169.)

of Crane f,'Iies (Tipulidae).

n'ig. 13. Niuth tergite of Tdpu'Iauhitnelli'; dorsal aspect.
F ig. 14. Ninth tergite of Tipul'a pribilofqnsis; dorsal aspect.
Fig. 15. Ninth tergite of Tipula aleu,ti'ca;dorsal aspect.
Iric. 16. Ninth tergite of Ti'pula cimmeria; dorsal aspect.
Fig. 17. Ninth tergite of Tipul,a tenebrota; dorsal aspect.
F ig. 18. Ninth tergite of Tipul'a aloscd'ensi'g;clorsal aspect.
F ig. 19. Eighth sternite of Ti,pul'a pri,bilof ensds; ventral aspect of the mediau lobe.
Fig.20. Ovipositor of Tiprila pribilofensi's; dorsal aspect.
Fig.21. Ovipositor of TiWI'a whdtnegi'; dorsal aspect.
Itis.22. Ovipositor of Tipula al'ascaensi's; dorsal aspeet.
Fig.23. Pupa of Tipul'a whi,tn'egd; end, of the abdomen, dorsal aspect; 8, 9:
eighth and ninth segments.
F'ie.24, Pupaof TipulawLuitneai;end,of theabalomen,r'entralaspect;5,6,7:
fifth, sixth, and seventh segments.
Fig.25. Larva of Tipul'a sp,; second thoracic segment, dorsal aspect, showing
the distribution of the setae.
Fig.26. Larva of Tipula sp.; fifth abdominal segment, dorsal aspect, showiug
the distribution of the setae,
Fig.27. Larva of Tdmtla sp.; stigpal field, caudal aspect.
Fig.28. Larva of Tipula sp.; stigmal field, clorso-caudalaspect.

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