?ron fic Armrg ArD Xroernvl or Nrltner. Ennory,
Sor.ll, Yol. i. p. 386, April1938.

NEW OR, LITTLE-KNOWN TIPULIDJD(DIPTERA).-LrV. NEOTBOPTCAL gPECrEg.

336

Dr. C. P. Alex andetonI{ ew or little-lcnownTipulid n (Diptera).-LlV. i/e ot ropicalSpuias. By Cnnnr,nsP. Ar,nxlNDER,Ph.D., F.R.E.S..
MassachusettsState College,Amherst, Massaehusetts.

U.S.A.

Ar this time f am describing a series of crane-fliesfronr
the Oriente of Ecuador, collected by Williarn ClarkeMacintyre and his native collectors, the famil.y of Elias
Velastegui. Most of the specimensweretaken at Abitagua
on the Rio Pastaza, evidently a very prolific localitv forthis group of Diptera. The referenees citecl belorv*
give an idea of the conditions obtaining in this partof the Oriente. I &m greatly indebted to llr. ClarkeMacintyre and collectors for the opportunit.v of stud.ving
this extensiveseriesof Tipulidre. The types a,represervedin my collection.
t Chapman, Frank M. "The Distribution of Bird-life in Ecuador."
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. l.r. pp. l-784 (1926).
Shelford, Yictor E. (andothers). 'Naturalist's Guide to the Americas,'pp. 662-674(1926).
Spruce, Richard. 'Notos of a Botanist on the Amazon and Andes'(1908).

new or little-lcnnutn,
Tipulidre.

337

T.q,NypREMNA
Osten-Sacken.
1886. Tanglprem,ne,osten-Sacken,Biol. centrali-Americana, Dipt. i.
l9'
P'
LruoNroD's, subgen.nov.

Characters as in the typical subgenus, differing asfollows :-Antennre l3-segmented; segmentssimple, withlong verticils. Claws toothed. Wings (fig. I ) with
distal section of vein Rr*, entirely atrophied so the radial
field is almost exactly as in the genus Limonia (compare
fig*. I and I ; l?s long, arcuated, about three times?n-c'tL. Microtrichia present in most cells beyond corcl,
especiallynear veins ; in basalcellslacking or virtually so.
Type of subgenus, Tanypremno (Lirnoniod,es) sulTthurella,sp. n. (Neotropical).
The present fly is somer+,hatsintilar to the subgenus
Tantlprernnodes
Alexander (type, leucoplaea,)
in the complete atrophv of r-ein B r-_r,but diff'ers eonspicuouslyin
the sinrple antennrc ancl great reduction in number ofnricrotrichia in the cells before eord of rving. The venation of the radial field is amazingly like that of speciesof the genusLimonia Meigen,and there can be no questionof the homologiesof the veins. This shou'sthat the distal
end of the main radial vein consistsof the free tip of Sc,
and that the atrophied element is Rr*r. The rnethodsby which this peculiar condition has been attained havebeen discussedby the present writer in various papers,
the most recent being in the section on the Tipulidre in
Curran's ' Families and Genera of the North American
Diptera,'pp. 38-39 (1934).
T anyprernn&(Limoniod,e;)sul,phurell,a,sp. n.
General coloration of notum chestnut-brown; pleura
rvith a transverse darkened girdle ; front wide, silvery ;legs with the genua restrictedly brightened ; tibial tips
narrou'ly u'hitish ; outer tarsal segments dirty white ;u'ings sulphur-yellow,the stigma not or scarcelydefined ;abdominal segments ringed rvith yellorv at near midlength.
Male.-Length about 14-15 rnm. ; u'ing ll-12 mm. ;antennreabout I mm.
Frontal prolongation of head very short, black ; palpi
black. Antennre with the scape and pedicel yellorv,
flagellum black. Front and anterior vertex wide, conAnn,, & Ma,yt.y'f, Hist, Ser, 11, l/ol. i,
22

338

Dr. C. P. Alexanderon

spicuously silvery ; posterior sclerites of head abruptl;'
d-arkbroivn, the genrepaling to yellow.
Pronotum obscure yellow. Mesonotum almost uniformly chestnut-brown, the prrescutum darker brownon siies before suture ; prrescutal setre very small andred.ucedin number ; scutallobes darker brown ; scutellum
paler, more testaceous brown ; meq-ohrgite brown, thei,nterior third. darker. Pleura yellow, conspicuously
banded.transversely with dark brown, including a -complete girdle on mesepisternum, including the dorsoand sternopleurite ;ileural" membr&ne, anepisternlm,
the _propleuraand theileurotergite similarly darkened,
Halteresiteropl"o-rit" remaining-of the_ground-colour.
bro*ii*h black throughout. Legs with the coxre andtrochanters greenishtestaceous; femora restrictedlv ptrle
basally, th; remainder black with the extretne tiPfgreenisit white ; tibire black, the extreme bases atrtl
greenish white, this more extensive orr
Itigtrtty wid.er tips
-nasitar_si
black, the outer ends aucl I'epoit.riot legs ;inaind.er of tarsi dirty brownish white, most conspic'uous
on fore legs. wings (fig. 1) with a strong.sulphur-.t'ellttutinge; *iig*u scaicely-indicater;lby a faint darkening :-caseswing-tip nirrowly darkened ; veins black.
inStrong macrotiichia on distal ends of veins beyoncl c'ortl.
Venat-ionas d.iscussedunder the subgenus; Srr etrtile_;
cell lsf MrIarge, widest &crossbase; petiole of cell 'llr
subequal tb or-shorter than nx ; nx-cu at near tu'o-thirtls
the length of Mr*o. In one paratype -specinteltr-ttt inboth *irg* is obliterated by a relativel.y long fttsiotr ofveins R n*uand M '*''
innrorrred- theth segtnentsbro*'.islr
Abdomen elongate, tricoloured,
black apically, m-orereddish basally, with a narro\r-.nrol'eyellowiJh to nacreous tittg -at near mid-lelgttr : hypopygium dark brown. Male_hypopygiY- tu*rtltthe tergite
i.t|ti""ly extensive,the caudlf marqrn broadly emarginate.
Basistyl6 elongate. Outer dististyle a little longer.tharr
the inner, nariowed to a, slender apex. frurer tlististl'leelongate, terminating in a slender beak that is shaped-orJ or less like aofruning-knife ; surface of stvle u'ith
about twenty-five conspicuousblack spinoussetre'Hab. Ecuador (Oriente).
Holotupe,6, Abitagua, altitude 1200 tttetres, April 3.,
l9.37(MacintYre).

new or little-lcnnwnTipulida.

339

P_aratopotypes,
Sd?, April 4-18, lg3?.
Tanyprerwur(Limanioilas)sulphurellais very different

from all members of the genus so far described. The
radial sector is longer and more arcuated than in anv
other known species.

Venation of Tipulida from Ecuador.
{ig. I .-Tonyprentna (Limoniodes)sulphurella,sp. n.
ella) ery stallin'o,sp. n.
Ilg. ?.- T anyprenbna(T anypre nt.n
Fig. g.-Tqnypfrnryg (Tanyprennta)corboniper,sp. n.
Fig. +.-Linwnia (Limonia) uelasteguii,sp. n.
Fig. 5.-Protohelius cisatlanticu,s,sp. n.
Iig. 6.-Hesatoma (Eriocera)patens,sp. n.
Fig. Z.- E lephantomyia (E lephantomyina) supernurneraria Alexand er.
Fig. 8.-Trente,pohlia (Prornanllomnlmi,rabilis, sp. n.
Ter.rypnnlfNnr;ra, subgen. n ov.

Characters as in the typical subgenus,differing asfollows :-Anteru:rrc lO-segmentedin both sexes,elongate
in male ; flagellar segmentscylindrieal, with abundant
22*

340

Dr. C. P. Alexandet on

erect,sete scatt'eredover the entire segment,exceedingin length the sparseverticils. Tibial spurs on all legs ;claws toothed. Wings (fiS. 2) without microtrichia on
basal four-fifths of wing, present in outer ends of cells
beyond cord. Venation : ,Sc,preservedi R*zatrophied,the combined vein .8, and R, weakly angulated, in alignment with the short transverse free tip of Scr; .Es short
but longitudinal in position, a little more than one-half
Rr*r; cell lsl Mrlarge, irregularly pentagonalto hexagonal, widest oppositer-m; vein Cur lying far from Aur.
Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite transverse, thecaudalmargin truncate or convexly rounded,not notched.
Inner dististyle oval to subcircular in outline. Ovipositor with relatively short fleshy cerci, u'ith setre
scattered over the entire length.
Typ" of subgenus,Tanyprernna (Tanypremnella,)cryssp. tr.,tallina, sp. n. (Neotropical). T. (f .) tuansfa,sciata,
likewise belongshere.
This new subgenericgroup is closest to the subgenus
Limoniodes, differing especially in the l0-segmented
antennre,which are of an unusual length for a member ofthis genus. Both groups have Rr*, atrophied, but thepresent fly shows the point of departure representedb.ya slight angulation where nr and nz unite. The great
reduction in number of microtrichia on the wing-surfac'eof both of these groups is not found in the five otherstrbgeneriegroups now placed in Tanyprern?La.
(Tanypremnella)crysta,lline
T anyltrernn,e,. sp. n.
General coloration yellowish brown. the pleura with
an ill-defined transverse brown girdle ; antennre (male)of moderate length, between one-third and one-fourth
the length of body ; wings crystal clear, the tip weaklv
darkened ; r-rn elongate ; abdominal tergites eonspicuouslybicoloured.
Male.-Length about 9-10 rnrn.; wing 10.5-ll.I'rnull. :antennaabout 2'5-g mm.
Female.-Length about 9 mm. ; wing I I nrrn. : antenna
about 1'2 mm.
X'rontal prolongation of head short, yellou-ish brorvn ;nasus distinct ; palpi dark brown. Antennre rnoderately elongate in male, short in female, &s shown bynew or little-krwwnTipulidre.

341

measurements; scape and pedicel .yellow, flagellunr
black ; flagellar segments gradually decreasing in length
outwardly,the last shortest. Head dark grey, the centreof anterior vertex and posterior border of occiput more
blackened; head beneath light yellow.
Pronotum moderately darkened. Mesonotal prrescutum yellowish brown, u'ith indications of three slightly
darker brown nitidous stripes ; scutum and scutellum
dark brown the parascutella and postnotum a little
paler. Pleura and pleurotergite yellou', the mesepisternum with an ill-delimited brown transversegirdle,
occupying the dorsopleural membrane and anterior
portion of the anepisternumand sternopleurite. Haltereselongate, black, the base of stem restrictedly pale. Legs
with the coxre and trochanters vellorv ; f'emora darkbrown ; tibirc brou'nish black. the tips broadly snowywhite, narrorvest(about clistal seventh or eighth) on fore
legs. u,idest (about distal fburth or fifth) on posterior
pair ; basitarsi brownish black, on about the distal
fburth (fore legs) to half' (posterior legs) snowy-white, theremaining segments similarly whitened. Wings (fig. 2)
almost crystal clear, the tip weakly darkened, the colour
produced, in part at least, by the microtrichia ; the large
stigma and cell 8c dark brown ; veins black. Macrotrichia numerous and well distributed on longitudinalveins beyond cord. Venation : as defined under the
shortly before fbrk of M r*e, the position
subgenus; nl,-cLt,
slightly variable ; r-rn elongate. fronr trvo-thirds thelength to subequalto basal sectionof R n*u.
Abdominal tergites conspicuous bicolorous, brownish
black, ringed on basal third or more u'ith yellow, theamount of the latter decreasingon outer segments,least
on segmentssix and seven ; segmenteight entirely blacl<;
hypopygium yellow ; sternites more uniformly yellou',
only the intermediate segments bicoloured. Male hypopygium rvith the caudal margin of' tergite truncate on
central portion, the sides broadly rounded.
Hab. Ecuador (Oriente).
Holotype,6, Abitagua, altitude 1200 metres, April 20,
1937 (Macintyre). Allotopotypta,?, pinned with type.
several,chiefly 66, April 2-21, 1937.
Paratopotypes,
This handsorne fly requires comparison only u'ith thespeciesnext defined.

342

Dr. C. P. Alexanderoz

T ctnyprenxna(Tanypremnella)transfasciafa,sp. n.
Mole.-Length about 9 mm. ; wing 10.2mm. ; antennre
about 6.5mm.
Differs ftom T. g.) crystallina,sp. n., as follows :Frontal prolongation of head orange, the nasus very
short and obtuse. Antennrevery long, in male exceeding
two-thirds the length of body: &sshownby the measurements, the segments gradually decreasing in length
outwardly. Head ora,nge-yellow,vaguely darkened medially behind.
Pronotum larger, couspicuouslydark brown rnedially,
abruptly pale yellow on sides. Mesonotunr brightyellowish-brown. Pleura pale yellow, with a very
conspicuous,clearly delimited, dark brorvn girdle. extending from the lateral borders of the prrescuturnbefbre
the suture, occupying the entire mesepisternumand
rnesosternum. Femoral tips narrowly and abruptly
darkened. Wings lessdarkenedapically ; r-rn obliterated
or virtually so by approximation and punctiform contact
of vein Rn*, with Mr*r. Male hypopygium with thecaudalmargin of tergite more broadly truncated.
Hab. Ecuador(Oriente).
Holotype,6, Jatun Yacu, altitude 700 nretres.Mu,r.ch1937(Macintyre).
Tanyprernna(I'anyprernno,)
curboni
pes.sp. n.
Generalcoloration of mesonotumobscureyellou', theprrescutum with four brown stripes; scutal lobes extensively blackenedi pleura yellow, with a narrow transverse brown girdle ; tibia and tarsi uniformly black ;rvings with a brownish yellow tinge, cells C and,Sc more
suffusedyellorv ; stigma and conspicuousseamson cord
dark brown ; fts gently arcuated ; cell Sr, at rnargin
relatively rvide, the free tip of Sc, and vein .8, beyond it
subequal; cell lsl M rwide; abdominaltergitesbicoloured,
the basal half yellow, the outer half brown ; subtemrinal
segmentmore uniformly darkened.
Male.-Length about 18 mm. ; wing 14 rnnr.
Female.-Length about 22 mm. ; wing 14.5nlln.
Frontal prolongation of head yellow. short. rvith
distinct nasus; palpi black. Antennrervith scapeyellou',new or little-lcnownTiPulidre.

343

pedicelbrownish yellow, flagellum black, the segmentation
poorly indicated. Head yellow, more reddish on orbits ;anterior vertex broad.
Mesonotalprascutum obscureyellow, with four brown
stripes, the internrediate pair sepa,ratedonly Fy * capillary
pale vitta ; pseudosuturalfoverelarge, black ; a circular
black spot at lateral end of suture ; scutum obscureyellow, the lobes extensively blackened; scutellum
yellow ; postnotum pale, the nrediotergite darkened on
central portion. Pleura yellow, with a narrow transverse
brown girdle on mesepisternum,beginning_as& narrow
line neai the pseudosuturalfovere,widenedbelorv,broadeston the sternopleurite ; pleurotergite with a, ventral
darkenitg. Halteres pale, the knobs greenish. Le-gs
with the coxreand trochanterspale; fernoravellow basally'
passinginto brown. the tips narrowly dark brown ; tibire
and tarsi black ; claws relatively small, each with aconspicuous tooth. Wings (fig. 3) with a brownish
yellow tinge, cells C and ,Sc,with the outer radial cells,
inore suffused yellow ; stigma and confluent sea,m'son
cord. dark brown ; Cu and veins beyond cord vaguely
seamed with dusky ; veins dark, yellow in the costal
portion. Venation : .Es gently arcuated, straight ltt
inuaripes; vein -8, beyond the free tip of' Sc, lon$, subequal to the latter element, in inuarip_esv91y short .tu
rrjl 8r, is much narrower ; cell lt, M z wide, at rnidlength bnly a little narrower than long, veitr rrugubgqual
to [he basal section of M, ; 7n-a1at llear trvtl-thirds thelength of vein Mrnr.
Abdominal tergites bicolourecl,the basal half' yellow,
tfte outer half brown. the subtertninal segments lllore
unifbrnly darkened ; sternites lnore unifortnly yellou',especially the seventh stemite in tnale ; hyp.opygiurn
chlefly darkened. Ovipositor with cerci straiglrt, relatively slender.
Hab. Ecuador (Oriente).
Holotype,6, Abitagua, altitude 1200 tnetres,April 20,
1937(Macintyre). Allotopotype,?, April 3, l9-37'
The nearest ally of the present fly is Ta'nyptrenltLu,(Tanypremna) inaaripes Alexander (southern Rrazil),whicf,- d.iffers in the pattern of the mesonotunt,pleura,and. abdomen, and in the wing-pattern and venation,
especiallythe outer radial field and cell Ist M r.

344

Dr. C. P. Alex anderon
Lirnonia (Limonia) macinty,rei,sp. n.

Belongs to the eiseni group ; flagellar verticils of
unusual length ; a bro_adblack dorsopleural stripe ; legs
slender, dark brown to black ; wings tinged with BrowniJhyellow, heavily patterned with brown, tlie areas at arculus
and origin of .Es reaching costa in front ; areas at fork
of ,Scand stigma forming a Y-shaped figure in conjunction
with a conspicuous seam along cord-; Bc long; malehypopyqium with the mesal-apical lobe of gonapophysis
a strongly curved black spine, the tip acute.
Male.-Length about 5-6 mm. ; u'ing b.b-7 mnl.
Femnle.-Length about 5.5 mm. ; wing 6.5 mrn.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennre bl-ackthroughout ;flagellar segments oval, with short apical peclicelJ; .,r"t.ticils unusually lgrg in both sexes,but rnore especially
so in male, nearly one-fourth the. length of the entire
antenna, unilaterally distributed. Head black, the front
and narrow anterior vertex light silvery grey.
Pronotum obscure -yellorv above, daikened laterally.
Mesonotum chestnut-brown, u'ithout distinct markings
excepting the still darker lateral margin of prrescutum,
scutal lobes, and scutellum ; rnediotergitedaik, sparsely
pruinose. Pleura obscure yellou-, rvith a, broad black
longitudinal stripe extending from thc c.erviculregion.
passing through base of halteres to a,bdonren: r-eirtrtr,lsternopleuritelessdistinctly darkenecl,pruinose. Halteres
infuscated, especiallv the knobs, the extrenre base of'stem restrictedly pale. Legs with the coxre ancl trochanters yellow ; remainder of legs long, dark brown to
black. Wings tinggd with brownish yeilbw, with a heavy
brown pattern, &s follows :-Postarcular, reaching costa ;origin of Bs, reaching costa ; fork of Bc and stigma,
these areas converging behind to form a Y-shaped padtertr
along _cord; outer end of cell Lst M, and maiginal spots
at ends of veins fr3, Rn*u,Cu, lst A, and 2nd,A, the-lastlarge ; a, dusky clouding in outer radial and rnedial
fields and as a narrow axillary sean ; a rnore or. lessdistinct brown cloud in cell M adjoining vein C u,; veinspale, darker in the clouded areas. Venatioll : s'c long,
Bc, ending shortly before level of fork of Bs. Sc, near its
tip ; .Es relatively long, angulated to nearly rlq.,ate atorigin ; _nner end of cell lsl M z arcuated, lying far
proximad of that of cell R a ; ?n-c1lclose to fork of IVI.

Tte'wor little-kno'w'rtTipulidrc.

345

Abdorninal tergites black, the incisures restrictedly
paler ; intermediate sternites chiefly obscureyellow, thecaudal margins of the individual segments narrowly
black ; male hypopygiurn black, the small ventral dististyles abruptly white. Male hypopygium with theventrornesal lobe of basistyle relatively large. Ventral
dististyle much smaller than the basistyle, the bodysmall, semioval, the beak broadly compressed,a,sin thegroup ; rostral spinestwo, short and pale, blunt at tips,
placed closetogether on f'aceof rostrum, surroundedby
abundant delicate setulre; at, base of rostrum two
exceptionally long, modified setre. Dorsal dististylelying in notch of the ventral, straight, the apex acutely
decurved. .i0deagus nearly parallel-sided, the apex
rvith mesal-apicallobe a strongly
obtuse. Gonapophyses
curvedblack spine,the tip acute.
Hab. Ecuador(Oriente).
Holotype,C, Abitagua, altitude 1200 rnetres,April 7,
16,1937 (Macintyre). Allotopotype.?. Paratopotype,
April 4, 1937.
I take very great pleasure in narning this distinct
species in honour of Mr. William Clarke-Macintyte,
through whose conscientiousefforts our knowledg. of the
Tipulidre of Ecuador has been vastly increased. From
the other membersof the eisenigroup, including caribaa
Alexander (Oub"),eiseniAlexander(CentralAmerica),and
ind,omita,Llexander (southern Brazil), the present species
is most readily told by the nature of the wing-pattern
and the structure of the male hypopygium,notably of the
gonapophyses.
L'imonia (Limonia) 'uelasteguii,sp. n.

\\

Belongs to the eiseni group ; allied to e,rnu,zonicu;
nresonotal prrescutum reclclish brown, with a clarker'
brown median stripe, the lateral borders restrictedly
darkened; wings patterned with brorvn; abdominal
tergites bicoloured,the usual pattern reversed,the apicesof the individual segmentsbroadly yellow ; male hypopygium with the rostral prolongation slender.
Male.-Length about 7 mm. ; wing 7.8-8 rnrrl.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antenna black throughout ;flagellar segmentslong-oval to subcylindrical, with shortglabrous apical pedicels; longest verticils exceeding

346

Dr. O. P. Alexandet an

twice the length of the segments. Head black, thenarrow front and anterior vertex, together with theorbits, grey.
Mesonotal prrescutum reddish brown, with a darker
brown median stripe, the extreme lateral borders,behindthe pseudosutural fovere, similarly darkened; posteriorscleritesof notum dark brown. Pleura dark brown, themeral region paler. Halteres dusky, the extreme baseof stem ;rellow. Legs with the coxre dark brown, thetips n&rrowly paler ; trochantersyellow ; femora brownish
yellow, rvith a, narrow brown subterminal ring ; tibire
and tarsi brownish yellow, the terminal tarsal segrnents
dark brown ; claws with a slenderappressedpostmedianand a stouter basalspine. Wings (fig. 4) with a brou'nish
tinge ; stigma oval, darlrer brown ; restricted brown
clouds at origin of .Es,along cord and along outer encl of'cell lst M r; veins dark brown. Venation : Bc relatively
long, Sr, ending about oppositetwo-thirds the length of'Rs, Br, nea.rits tip ; .Es angulated to short-spu.rredat
origin ; cell lsl M z about equal in length to vein M sbeyond it ; rn-cu closeto fork of M ; cell 2nd A rclatively
rvide.
halt' to tu'oAbdominal tergites bicolourerl.the ba,sa,ltlark brou'n.tlre upit:es
thirds of the individual segttrents
on outer'yellow, the amount of'the latter cler'reasing
segments; hypopygium chieflr' brou'nish1-ellou-. flale
hypopygium with the dorsal clististylerecltrcerl. \'entral
dististyle with the rostral prolongation prorltrcerlinto ir
u'ith the nresal-apicalllarrow point. Gonapophyses
lobes
Iong, gradually narrowedto an obtusepoint.
Hab. Ecuador(Oriente).
Holotype,3, Abitagua, altitude 1200rnetres.April I.\,
April 2. 1937.
1937(Macintyre). Paratoptotypta,6,f am pleasedto name this distinct fly itr hont-nu'o1'tlrc
family of Elias Velastegui,native collectorsfbr ]Ir. ('ltrrkeMacintyre. The nearest described all;' seenrs to tre
Limonia (Limonia) amnzonica(Alexander)of' Anrazoniarr
Brazil, which differs in the abdominalpattern and in the
structure of the male hypopygium, notablv the ventral
dististyle. The paratype above-mentioneddiffers considerablyin eolourfrom the type, but seemsundoubtedly
to be conspecific. Both individuals shorv the reversalof pattern of the abdomen and agree closely in the

'ne'tDo'r little-lcnown'Ilipulid"t.

347

structure of the male hypopygium. The paratype shows
the femoral tips uniformly darkenedand the wing-patternmuch heavier and more extensive, especiallythe &reas
at origin of Bs and along the cord.
sp. 11.
Protoheliuscisatlantic'us,
General coloration brownish black ; antennre (male)
about one-ltalf the length of bod;t ; legs black, the tarsi
paling to yellou' ; wings with a strong blackish tinge ;Rr*oatrophied ; nl-cu closeto fork of M.
Male.-Length about 6 mm. ; wing 7 mrn. ; antennre
about 3 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennre about one-half'
the length of body, I5-segmented,black throughout;flagellai regrnentscylindrical. beyoud the first subequalin length ; eaeh segrnentu,ith short strotrg verticillate
setre befbre mid-length. Head brownish black ; eyes
large.
Mesonotttnrdark brou'n. the scutellurnand posterior
portion of'scutultra little paler. I'leura brown. Halteresdark brown, the baseof stem obscureyellow. Legs withthe coxreand trochanters brownish yellow ; femora andtibire black ; tarsi paling to yellow ; claws simple.
Wings (fig. 5) with a strongblackishtinge ; veinsbrownish
black. Macrotrichia on veins beyond cord, more sparseand scattered on M 4. Venation : Sr, ending about
opposite four-fifths the length of .Bs, Sr, sgme distancelrom tip ; .Bs straight, in alignment with the long basal
sectionof Raasi Rr*, atrophied; B, pale but distinct,
strbequalin length to Rr*r; inner end of cell lsl ll[ zarcuated so 'r-m is beyond mid-length of the cell ; veins
isstringfrom cell lsf M,long ; m-culcloseto fork of M .
Abdonlen, including hypopygium, brownish black ;surface of abdomen with conspicuousereet setre. Male
hypopygiurnwith the dorsal dististyle blackened,cttrvetl,
wi[n I small lateral spine on Iower margin at point ofourvature; ventral dististyle more slender and a, little
longer,yellow, with a long blackenedlobe tlu basalfburthof lower face, this provided with about fbur verJr longconspicuoussetre.
Hab. Ecuador (Oriente).
Hol,otypa,
6,Abitagua, altitude 1200rnetres,November6,
1936(Macintyre).

348

Dr. C. P. Alex andero,rr

The disc_overyof a speciesof the genus protoheliusut
the New world is of exceptionalinteiest, the two species
hitherto described,P. issikii Alexand.erand p. tiniohnmi
Alexander,
Frirg lto- eastern Asia. The present fly
is of unusual significancein that it illustrates fhe *unnerin which the venation of the genasHelius may have been
derived from rnore generaliied,types by th; successive
atrophy of veins Rr*, and Rz. This ij weil illustrated
Alexander (Lower Oligocene:
hy. th" genus Electrolabis-be*,Baltic Amber) which seems und.oubtedlvto
theancestral t.ype from which Protohetiushas Suur derived.
rn.the old World. speciesof the grnrrr, both Rrr+randthe
free tip .of Bc, urJ preservedt," but in the present fly
one of these elementshas atrophied.. I um i-nterpretingthe persistent vein as being the free tip of Sc2,and thuiassumethat Rr*, has entirely atrophied. If should be
noted further that vein B, is paler and weakerthan usual,and is evidently in processof atrophy.
Heratomn (Eriocera)Ttatens,sp. n.
size srnall (r,ving,-male, o mm.) ; antennre (male)
relatively long, exceedingone-half'the length of body imesonotum-polishedblack, the pleura and pleurotergite
obscure.yellow ; halteres clarli trrou'n, t*-ir.g, u,it[ rubrown tinge, ullmarkecl; abundant macrotric]riuon allouter veins-of wlng ; cell B, short : cell lsl ^lf, open bv
atrophy 9f basalsectionof Mr: abclominaltergitesur.il
hypopygium black.
Male.-Length about 5.b rnnr.; u'ing 6 nun. ; antennre
3 mm.
Rostrum short, brown ; palpi black. Antennre T-segrnented,relatiy.l{ -lotg, exceedingone-half'the length if'
body, arownish black throughout ; flagellar segments
gradually decreasingin length outwardlt, the fiist exceedingin length the succeedingtwo combined; terminal
segmenta small oval button ; flagellar segmentswith ir
short dense ergc! pubescenceand slightl/ Ionger, rnor.c)
decumbentverticils. Head polisheddaik bro*n-; anteri.,r.
vertex wide.
* Alexanderr_c. P., " crane-flieg of the Baltis
Amber (Diptera).',_Bernstein-Forschungen,.ii.
58-q.9,
trgs.
68,
69,
(lg3l).
Z0_pp.
" N-ew
Alexandor,
C.
P.,
or
littlelknownf
Tipulidre^-**xr,. frorn Easternasi* JDipte_ra).-rr."
Philippine Journ. sci.
pp. 466-46g,
pl. i. fig. 5, 5 a (1928).

newor little-knownTipulidre.

349

Mesonotumpolished black ; prrescutalsetrevery spa,rse
to almostlacking. Pleura,includingpleurotergite,obscureyellow. Halteres dark brown. Legs with the coxreand
trochanters obscure yellow ; femora obscure yellou'
passinginto brown ; tibire yellowish brown ; tarsi black.
Wings (fiS. 6) with a brownish tinge, unpatterned ;stigma lacking ; veins brown. Abundant macrotrichia
on all longitudinal veins beyond cord, on the entire
length of .Bs,distal half of M and distal end of Cu. Venation : Bc long, Sc, ending shortly before fork of the long
frs ; frr*, present, longer than Rr*, and two-thirds
Rrrr*n,cell .8, thus relatively short ; cell LstM, open bya,trophyof basal section oI'M, ; rn-c,llshortly beyond thefork of M.
Abdonrinal tergites black ; sternites dull black, thecaudal margins of the segmentssolnewhatpaler ; hypopYgium black.
Hab. Ecuador (Oriente).
Holotype,d, Abitagua. altitude 1200 metres, April 5,1937(Macintyre).
Heratoma (Eriocera) patens is very different from allof the numerous Neotropical members of the subgenus
so far discovered. The open cell lsl M z is found elservhereonl.vin the Australian 11. (8.) aperta (Alexander).
Osten-Sacken.
Er,npnANToMYrA
1859. Eleplmntornyia Osten-Sacken, Proc. Aead. Nat. Sci. Phila'delphia for 1859, P. 220.
Er,npgnNToMYrNA, subgen. nov.

s.s., differing especiall;'Clharactersas in Elephant,omyio,in the venation (fig. 7). A strong supernumera,rycrossvein in cell Br, connectingwith vein ,8, shortly before tipof latter ; r-nx connectingwith Bs a short distance before
its fork. Tibial spurs lacking.
Type of subgenus, Elephantomyia_(Elephnntomyina,)
ernurnera,ria^llexander (Neotropical).
slt,pE lephantomyi a (E lephantomyinn) lup ernt cmera r i a
Alexander.
lg2l , Elephantorn-yia su,pernutneraria Alexander,
Sai. Philadelphia for 1921, pp. 60-61.

Proc. Acacl. Nat.

Hitherto known only from the type-rnales, from the
Napo River, Peru, eolleetedJune 8. 1920,brr Parish,

350

Dr. C. P. Alexandeton

xunnle.-Length, excluding rostrum, about g.b mm. ;wing 8 mm. ; rostrum about G mm.
Characters as in male, differing es follows :-Size muchl^arger.^ Wirg* with rn-cu aboul its own length beyoncl
fork of M or at nea,r one-third the length oF cell. Abdominal sternites three to seven, inclusive, each with ala_rgewhitish yellow median spot on clistal half. valvesof ovipositor slender.
Allotype, ?; Abitagua, Oriente, Ecuaclor, altitude
1200metres,April 7, 1987(Macintyre).
Eleplmntomyia (Elephantomyia)subhumilis, sp. n.
Rostrum nearly as long as body ; heacl light grey ;mesonotum almost uniformly brownish yellow ; femrira
and tibire brown, the tarsi paling to yellow ; stigrna-cell
distinct ; ^Bs long, about one-half longer thanlst M r; abdomen obscure yellow, in male darkeneclsubterminally male hypopygium without a dense setiferous
cushion on mesal face of basistyle ; inner dististyle nearlystraight.
Male.-Length, excluding rostrum. about b.b mm. ;wing 5.8 mm. ; rostrum about 5 mm.
Female.-I.,ength, excluding rostnrlr-r,about T lnll-r.;
wing 7 mm. ; rostrunr abotrt fi mnl.
Rostrurn trearl.y &s long as borl.v. ln'ou'nish llla,ck
througlgot. Antennre dark brou'n. the r-er.ticilsverv
long. _Head with the front ancl anterior r-ertex liglit
grey, the posterior vertex a little darker ; anterior vertex
narrow, about equal in r+'idth to the diameter of scape;eyes large.
Mesonotumalmost uniform brownish yellow, unmarked;
setre of prmscutal interspacesrelatively srnall and inconspicuous. Pleura brownish yellow to pale brown. Ha,lteres pale. Legs with the coxre and trochanters yellou',fore coxa a trifle darker ; fernora and tibire brown, theouter tarsal segmentspaling to yellow ; legs with seatteredbristles, more erect and conspicuollson the tibire. Wings
subhyaline,_the_prearcular and basal portions, including
the costal border, light yellow, the outer fields nror.egreyish ; stigma oval, brown ; veins brown, .yellou'in thebasal and costal regions. Venation : Se, ending about
oppositefour-fifths the length of the long -Bs,Sr, nearly
atrophied ; branehes of .Bs generallv par.allel to one

new or little-lcnownTipulidre.

351

another for most, of their length, a little diverging atouter ends ; cell lsl XI, rclatively short and broad, thegreatest width about two-thirds the length ; m,-crl atnear one-third the length of cell Lst M r, longer than thesecondsection of,Cur; cell znd,,/ moderatelywide.
Abdomen obscure yellow, darker laterally ; segment
sevenin male darkened; hypopygium yellow. fn female
the tergites slightly more darkened on posterior portions.
Male hypopygium u'ith the mesalface of basistylewithout
a densecushion of setre,as in humilis. Outer dististylelongerand moreslender,the basenarrow, surfaceglabrous.
fnner dististyle nearly straight, not conspicuouslynarsetm.
rorvedon distal portion,the surfaceu'ith long coa,rse
Hab. Ecuador(Oriente).
Holotypte,6, Abitagua, altitude 1200 metres, April 7,1937(Macint,yre).Allotype,?.
Elephantomyia (Elephantomyia) sutthumil,is is mostsinrilarto E. (8.) hunt'ilisAlexancler'(Colombia),differing
especiallyin the details of venation and in the structnreof the male hypopygium.
sp. n.
Elephantomyia(Elephantomyia)setu,listyla,
General coloration of prrescutumobscureyellow, with& broad, dark brown, median stripe ; rostrum a trifle
shorter than body ; femora and tibire dark brown, thetarsi paling to yellow ; wings subhyaline,the outer cells
weakly darkened; stigma brown ; rn-ar close to midlength of cell lsl M z ; abdomen dark brown, the hypopygium a little brightened ; outer dististyle terminatingin two slenderspines,the surfacewith conspicuouserectsetulre.
Male.-Length, exeluding rostrum, about' 4'5 mm. ;wingSmm.;rostrum4mm.
Rostrum a trifle shorter than body, brownish black
throughout. Antennreblack throughout ; outer flagellar
segmentselongate,with very long verticils. Head dark.
Mesonotalprrescutumobscureyellow, with a broad,dark brown, median stripe ; scutellumdarkenedmediallv
and on mesialportionsof lobes,paler laterallr' ; scutellunr
and postnotum dark brown. Pleura dark brown, theposterior sclerites a little paler. Halteres u'ith stetn
vellou', knob infuseated. Legs rvith cox& clark; troclrantersobscure.yellow; femora ancl tihire darl<brown ;352

Dr. C. P. Alexandetan

tarsi paling to yellow ; tibial spurs not' evident. Wings
subhyaline, the outer cells weakly more darkened ; prearcular region brightened ; stigma long-oval, brown ;veins brown, paler in the basal areas. Venation : Br,
ending about opposite two-thirds the length of therelatively short .Bs; branches of .Es genera,llyparallel to
one another for most of their length ; cell lst M, about
equal in length to the longest vein beyond it ; rn4u close
to mid-length of cell,longer than distal sectionof vein Culi
cell znd,-4 moderately wide.
Abdomen dark brown ; hypopygium a little brightened.
Male hypopygium with the outer dististyle relatively large,
flattened, terminating in a long, slightly decurved spine,with & slightly smaller spine on outer margin at near
three-fourths the length of style ; surfaee of style with
abundant erect setulre. fnner dististvle broacl at hA,se,strongly narrowed on apical third.
Hab. Ecuador (Oriente).
Hol,otype,6, Abitagua, altitude 1200 metres, April 7,1937(Macintyre).
Elephantomyia (Elephantomyia) setu,listyla is mostgenera,llysimilar to E. (8.) hu,rnilisAlexander (Colombia),differingin the patterneclthorax anclin the strttetut'eof tlte
male distist.yles,as the setuloseottter stvle.
Elepthantomyia(Elephantornyia)brunneipertrtis. sl). n.

Size small (wing 5 mm.) ; lnesonottttnunifbrnrlv clarkbrown, unpatterned; legs black. the tarsi paling to rltrrk
brown ; wings with a strong brou'n tinge. the stigrrla
barely differentiated ; branches of .Bs parallel to one
another for their entire length ; rn-ar be.vonrlrtritl-lengthof cell lst M r; abdominal tergites black, sternites
yellow.
Sex ?-Wing 5 mm.
Head broken.
Mesonotumuniformly dark brown unpatternetl. Pleura
chiefly dark. Halteres with stem dusky, knob infuseated.
Legs with coxre and trochanters brownish t'ellou-; remainder of legs brownish black, the tarsi paling to clarkbrown ; femora and tibire with several conspicuotrserect
subspinous bristles, additional to the norllral moredelic-ate a,ppressedsetre. Wings with a strong brorvn
suffusion, the stigma barelv differentiated against the,neu)or iittle-knownTiputidre.

353

ground ; veins brown. Venation : ,Sc lotg, {rr endilg
four-fifths the length of -Es, Sc, a,t tiq
about opposite
of' Br, ; hs weakly angulated at origin ; _branchesof.Bs parallel to one another for their entire length ; cell
LstM, about equal in length to ve_rnM s-beyondit ; rn-cu
at neir three-fifths the length of the lower face of celllst M r; cell 2nd,A relativelYnarrow.
Abd.ominal tergites black, sternites yellow ; outerportion of abdomenbroken.
Hab. Ecuador (Oriente).
Holotype, sex ?, Abitagua, altitude 1200 rnetres,
19, 1937(Macintyre).
April
Etephantomyia (Elephantomyia)bru,nneipennisis most'closely related to Il. (8.) hu,milisAlexander, differing iJt
the dlrk colour of the body, the u,lnrostunifbrmly blacklegs, and the strongly itrttuneclrt-itrgs,rvitlr. the stigma
scarcelyindictr,tecl.
'l'nnnr EPoHLre .Bigot,.
1954. TremtepohtiaBigob, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, (3) ii. p. 473.
PnouoxcoMl, subgen.nov.

(-llraracters as in the subgenus Monqoma Westwood,
differing in details of venation. Vein .8, entirely utppltied,
as in Anchimongom&and Plesiomo'ngoma; vein .Eu fusedwith M r*z for some distance beyond the outer end of'cell LstMi, this distance subequal to vein- nx:_giu\ng lhe
superficial- appearance of a vein and cell !1, (fig. 9) ;ceII Au at rnaigin widely open, tlte clistance between Cu,
ancl lsl A greater than the length of the distal sectionof Cur.
rn'irabilis,
I'yp" of subgelltts,'l'renteptohlia(Prorrutngonr,a)sp.
^ n. (Neotropica,l).
The remarhable tly that is made the type of the llew
subgenusPrornongonxais one of the most striking Tipulicta
known to me. The first impressiongiven by the vetratiotrof the insect is that there is but a single brarrch of .Ils
remaining, as in Tororhina Loew, and that the medial
field is four-branched, much as in Limno'phila Maccluart(fig. 8). The true explanation of the veuatiotr is given.ro-detthe subgeneric diagnosis, and has beeu producedby the entire alrophy of vein -8, and the unusual fusion
o1'veins frs and 'fu1L+2.

354

Dr. C. P. Alexandet ort

The seven-subgeneraof Trentepohliaso far defined may
be separatedas follo
6).
l. Vein R, entirely atrophied
Vein R, present4.
2. O4y two outer medial veins, M62 und
M n , p r e s e n t . ( O r i e n t a l . ). .
:....
Art chimong oilm Brunetti.
Three branches of M, Mr+r, Ms, and M ^present3.
3. Veins_Ru and Mr+, fused to opposite thelevel of outer end of cell lsl-Mz; cellCu, elosed by apical fusion of veins Cz,
and Lst A. (Oriontal, Australasian.) . . P lesi,ortwn {lo?tt& Brunetti.
Veins Ro and Mr*rfused for some distancebeyond the lovel of the outer end of cell
lst__Mr, forming a petiole to cell 86;
cell Cu widely open at margin. (Neotropical.) . ..
Pro n cortgo'nbu,
rs u bgen. l rov.
4. Vein and cell M, present ; four veins, R6,
Mr*r, Mr, and Mn, issuing from celllst M,o.
Vein and cell .lk/, lacking ; three voins, .Eu
and two branches of M, issuing fromcell lat M,
6.
5. Cell Cu widely open at wing-margin, thedistance greater than the length of the
distal section of Cur. (Neotropical.) . . N eomong
onboAloxantler.
Cell Ctr, closed at wing-margin, vorynarrowly open only in the Oriental
fl,aaa Brttnetti, the distance less than
one-half the rlistal ser:tiou of C,ur.
(Palreotropical.)-lI o tt,lottta \\'t.st rvoot I.
6. Cell M, open by the atrophy ot' ttt anrl
both sections of vein II, ; cell C'u
closed by apical fusion of veins Cu, arxl
'I' t
let A. (Palreotropical.) . .
ret tepoh I iu l3igot .
Cell lel ll4, closed ; eell Cu open at wingmargin. (Tropicopolitan, chiefly Neotropical.) . . .
P a,ran w ngo| | tu lJrturcrtt i.

Trentepohlia(P,rornongoma)rruiru,bilfs,
sp. n.
General coloration obscurebrownislr yellou' ; I'eurora
testaceous yellorv, the tips narrowly rvhite. pret;eclecl
by a brown subterminalring ; tibire anrl tarsi u'hite. irr
male the tibire extensively darkened on central portiorr ;wings yellow, the stigma dark brown, conspicuous.
Mal,e.-Length about l0 mm. ; wing 9 mm.
Eemale.-Length about 11-12mm. ; wing g-g.J nuu.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennre u'ith scapeand pedicel obscure yellow, flagellum black ; flagellar
segmentsoval, with verticils of moderate length. Front
and the very reducedanterior vertex silvory, the posterior

new or little-lcnownTipulida.

355

vertex infuscated, the genmgrey ; a weak median carina
on posteriorvertex. 'Entire thorax obscurebrownish yellou', rvithout distinct
markings ; dorsal pleural region a trifle darker. Halteres
infuscated, the base of stem restrictedly paler. Legs
with the coxreand trochantersobscureyellow ; remainderof legs long and slender; femora testa,ceousyellow, nearouter end deepeningto form a brown subterminal ring,
the tip abruptly white ; tibire and tarsi white in female,in the male the tibire more infuscated, with the narrow
basesand slightly wider tips white. Wings (fig. 8) witha yellow tinge, the costalportion somewhatmore intensely
so ; stigma small, oval, dark brorvn ; veins yellow.
Venation as describedunder the subgenus; position of
nx-cu slightly variable, from just before to just beyond
the fork of M. fn the type-male the fusion of veins.Buand M*z be.yoncl
cell lst M, is slightlv lessthan in thefemales.
,,\bdominal tergites dark brou'n. the caudal bordersof the segmentsnarron'ly paler brorvn ; sternites more.yellou'ish,especiallyin male. Ovipcisitoru'ith the eerci
elongate,gently upcurved, dark brou'n.
Hab. Ecuador (Oriente).
Hol,otupte,
3, Abitagua, altitude 1200metres,August 15,
1937(Macintyre). Allotopotype,?' April 4, 1937. Paratoytotrlpa,?, April 3, 1937.
Trentepohlia,(Promongoma)mirabi,lfsis so distinct fromall other knorvnmenrbersof the genusthat any comparison
is unnecessary. The most similar speciesin the Neodisjuncta (Alexander).
tropics is 7. (Neom,ongoma)
sultana,sp. n.
Teucholabis(Teucholabis)
Mesonotal prrescutum yellow, varied with black ;head.black ; halteres dark throughout ; femora yellou',
the tips broadly blackened; wings brown, r'ariegatedbefore and beyond cord with crean-yellorv areas; Scrending about opposite two-thirds the length of l?s ;branchesof .Bs parallel to one another for altnost their
entire length ; abdomen black ; rnale hypopygiunr u-ith
the basistyle produced at a,pexinto a, needle-likespine ;outer dististyle profoundl.y bifid ; redeagtrsterminating
in a slenderblack spine.

356

Dr. C. P. Alexanderon

Male.-I'ength about 6 mm. ; wing 6 mm.
Femnle.-Length about 5'5 mm. ;' wing 5 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black, the former about equal inlength to remainder of head. Antennreblack throughout ;flagellar segmentsoval. Head black.
Pronoturn yellow. Mesonotal prrescutum vellow, inmale with three relatively small isolated black spots,
representing the anterior ends of the median and lateral
stripes ; in female the black colour much more extensive,
consisting of three confluent black stripes, restricting the
ground to the humeral region ; scutum yellorv in male,the cephalic-lateral angles restrictedly blackened, infemale the lobes chiefly black ; scutellum and nrediotergite obscure yellow. Pleura yellow, unmarked inmale, in femalewith a transverseblack girdle that occupies
the entire mesepisternum. Halteres infuscated. Legs
with the fore and middle cox& and trochanters yellow ;posterior coxre and trochanters black ; femora yellow,
the tips broadly blackened, more extensively so on fore
legs and to a greater degreein fernale than in male ; tibire
brownish vellow, restrictedly darkened at both ends ;tarsi blacli. Wings variegated brou'n and crealn-yellou',the dark colour incltrding tlre prea,rcular region. c'ells
C and ^9c,a band at cord. and the entire u-ing-ti1lllevotrtl
level of outer end of cell lst M,. tlre tu-o latter a,r'erlsinterconnectedat anterior and posterior u'iug-nrargirrs: a,darkcloud at end of vein 2nd,4.and another ineluclingtlre lra,sal
third of cell Cu ; a u'eak eloud at origin of' r?.s: r-eitrs
areas. \-enation:brown, paleyellow in the cream-coloured
Bc relatively long, Br, ending about opposite tu'o-thirds
l?s ; Rz from one-half to about its o\\'n length beyond
fork of .Bs,transverseto oblique ; branchesof' .R"parallel
to one another for almost their entire length. r:ell R, atmargin thus very extensive; cell lsl lI , suberlual tolongest vein beyond it, longer in female ; m-(tt shortlv
beyond fork of M.
Abdomen, including hypopygium, blacli. ]Iale. lt.r'popygium with the basistyle produced at apex into a needleIike spine ; faee of basistyle rvith a n€Lrro\r-blacl<enedflange. Outer dististyle profoundly bificl, both anns long,simple, the inner arm shorter, terminating in a shortspine with numerous setrearountl its base ; outer arltl a
little longer, with long coarsesetrc.tlre apex short-spitrous,new or little-lcnownTipulidre.

357

fnner dististyle complex, bearing a slender lateral arm
on outer margin at base; apex of main arm of stvle
bidentate by a shallorv notch. .&deagus relativel.\'broad. tenninating in a slenclerlllach splne.
Hab. Ecuador (Orietrte).
Holotype,d, Abitagua, altitude 1200 tnetres, April 19,
t 937 (Macintyre). Allotopoty'pe,Q.
su,ltanais closest to T. (T.)
Teucholabis(Teuchola,bis)lata Alexander (Penr), cliffering in details of colorationof the head, thorax, legs.and abdomen.
q,,sp. n.
i s1ti,nis (7'ettr hrI rt bi s) Iony1
T en,cholab: general t:olot'tttiotr black, theAllied to t ri,fasaia,trt
pronotum obscure,lrt'ou'trisltvellou- ; knobs of' haltet'es
yellou' ; posterior f'enrora entirel.v llltr,ck; rvings u'hitish
subhyaline,triftr,sciateu'ith bt'ou'rt.the outer banclapical ;abdonren. incltrcling hvpop.vgiunr.black ; basistyle u'ith
apical spine snrtr,ll: ottter clististvle elongate, at nearrnicl-length clilated autl strongl.v setiferous, the apex
lrroduced into a, long glabrous spine ; redeagusat a,pex
producedinto two triangular flange-likepoints.
Male.-Length about 5'5 rnrn. ; wing 5'3 mm.
Rostrum about equal to rernainder of head, black ;palpi black. Antennre black throughout ; basal flagellar
segments oval, the outer segments short and erorvclecl.
Head black.
Pronotum and pretergites obscure brownish yellou-.
Mesonotum uniformly polished black, the prrescututtr
u'ith sparse erect setre. Pleura black, the dorsal sternopleurite and meral region u'ith a sparse grey pnrinositr-.
Halteres with stem black, knob pale yellorv. Legs u'ith
the coxreand trochanters black ; fore and middle femorawith about the basal half brownish yellow, the clistal
half black ; posterior femora entirely black : tibia'
brou'nish blacli, the tips blackened ; tarsi black. \\'ings
rvhitish subhyaline, heavily patterned u'itlr brort'tr. tls
follows :-Cell Bc ; a narrow band at level of' origin of.Bs and fork of Be, in cell (.!u extencledsottrert-ltatlllore
basad; a,narrow band at corcl.cleepestin stigrtralregion.
paler at posterior end of band : u'ing-tip lrroadll'darkened,
the colour extending back as fa,t'as level of ottter end ofcell I sf M z. the extretne ltase of' cell ]I .t pale ; veinsbrown. scarcelyda,l'kerin tlte clottclcrlpot'tiotrs. \'enation :358

Dr. C. P. Alex andet on

Bc relativuly^rlort, sr, ending about oppositeone-third
the le-ngthof.frs,
somedislancefrori iip' ; fis nearly,,sfastraight on basal half, thence arcuated; rn-c,u,about

twice Rz+s+q.ibranches of .Es generally parallel to one
another or with anterior branctri, tittle arcuated.on basal
nltt,.slightly widening cell l?, at that_point ; cell lst IW,
relatively_long ; rn4A abouf one-half its length beyond
fork of M.
Abdomen, incllding^ hypopygium, black. Male hypopygium wit!
-sping of basislyle subterminal, relatilvily
small, broad-based,narto*eL rapidly into a slenderspine ; flange on face of basistyle Llaciened, the ma.gir,
with about six or seven irregular denticles. outerdististyle_elongate, narrowed at- base, swollen at near
mid-Iength,the distal third directly proiongedinto a long,"dilu,t"dslender, nearly_straight, glabrou*"riirr, ;centralportion with abundant long co&rsesetre,at near its baselitlr 1 .*l"sle curved_spine. rnner dististyle simple, thebeak bidentate. ,CIdeagusat a,pex prod"ucedinto trvo
smir,_ll_triangularfl ange-likepointsl
Hab. Ecuador(Oriente).
^!!to!!/_pe:6, Abitagua. altitucle 1200 metres.April 4.
I937 (Macintyre).
is \-er.\.
. rl its general ?ppuarancethe plesent sPer.ies
similar to Teueholabi.s(Teuchotalt;i1
trifasciittrtliprlerleiri.
differing-espect-utly
in the eoloratioriofihe legsantl str.ucbureof the male hyPnp.)'gium,
notablv of tfue''spilegf'tlre
basist.yle,the oute' clististyle,anclthe rdeag's.
T eucholabis(Teucholabis)
nigropostiea.sp. r.
Allied t'o trdfuttlly;_ qe_neTal
colorationof hearl.thorax,
and abdomenpolishedblack ; pronotum above obscureyellow ; knobs of halteres pale-yellow; legs black. thebasesof the fore and middle femora yeliou-.'il,e posteri.r
femora uniformly black ; wings whitish subhr-aline.rvit'
three dark brown bands,the basal one narro\r-.
'arallels1d1d; {r, enclingabout opposite one-fourth the t."gti,of J?.s; Rz.at fork of Bs ; m-ctcat fork of LI : 'rale rrv[uplgium_withthe spineof basistyleshort,spike-like; o,.i",
dististyle_simple,.
apex -not _spinous; *du*gu* at apex
prq{u_cedlaterad into a long biackenedspinel
Male.-Lerrgth lbout b.b mm. ; wing i.b ,rr,r,.
Female.-Length about b mm. ; win! 4.b r''r.

new or little-kno'umTipulidre.

35e

Rostrum black, a little longer than the remainder ofhead ; palpi black. Antennre black throughout. Headentirely polishedblack.
Pronotum obscureyellow above, irfuscated on sides;
atrterior lateral pretergites light yellow. Mesonotum
unifbrrnly polished black, the prrescutumalmost without
setre. Pleura black, with & narrow pruinose longitudinal
stripe beginning behind the fore coxre, passing beneaththe halteres. Halteres blackened,the knobs pale yellow.
Legs rvith the coxre and trochanters black ; fore andmiddle f'emorayellow basally, the tips broadly blackened,
on fore legsincluding nearlv the distal two-thirds ; posteriorf'emora entirely black ; tibire and tarsi black. Wings
whitish subhyaline,with three dark brown bands; firstband at level of origin of' frs, narrow, parallel-sided;
second band at cord, slightly rvider, narrorvest at ne&r
rrrid-length,slightl.ypaler at posterior portion in cellsCu
arrd Ist A ; outer band apica,l,relatively narrotv, leaving
tlre basal third to fourth of cells 2'ncl,
M z and M s pale ;ccll Sc dark throughout ; outer end of' cell LstM rnarrowly
seamed rvith brown ; veins dark brown. Venation :8r, ending about opposite one-fburth the length of thelorrgRz i Rrat frlrk of'.8s,in alignmentu'ith the remainder
of' the anterior cord ; branches of' .Idsnearly parallel toorte another, a little divergent at nea,r rnid-length ; R sstrongly divergent on distal fourth ; cell lsl M z long,subequalto vein M, beyondit ; rru-cuat fork of M .
Abdomen, including hypopygiurn, black. Male hypopvgium with the spine of basistyle short and spike-lilie.
Outer dististyle of'moderatelength, consistingof'a sirnple,
gently curved structure, the entire surf'acewith unusuallylong coarsesetre; apex not spinous. fnner dististyle withbeak bidentate, the teeth separated by u very shallow'
rrotch; a quadrate basal lobe, the apex subtruncate.
,l0deagusat apex producedlaterad into a long blaclienecl
spine.
Hab. Ecuador (Oriente).
Holotype,3, Abitagua, altitude 1200 lretres, April 5,1937(Macintyre).
By existing keys the present fl\' rulls to 'f'euclr,olabts(Teucholabis)
trifasciataEnderlein, dift'eringin the coloration of the legs,the different u'ing-pattem, and especiallyin the structure of the male hypopygiurn.

360

Dr. C. P. Alexanderon
Teucholabis(Teucholabis)
scabroso,
sp. n.

General coloration of rnesonotunr brou'n, rvithout
conspicuous rnarkings ; femora yellow, the tips very
narrowly dark brown ; r,vingsbroad, subh.valine,stigma
clark brown ; Scr ending about opposite mid-length of'/Cs; male hypupygium rvith the apical blade of basistylebispinous at tip ; outer dististyle with the surface unusually rougheneclby coarsesetreancl abundant scabrouspoints.
Male.-Length about 5.5 mrn. : rving 5.5 nun.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennre black throughout ;flagellar segments oval, the verticils nruch longer than
the segments. Head dull brownish grey, restrictedly
brightened behind.
Pronoturn and pretergites pale yellow. Mesonotal
prrescutum brown, without markings, the humeral andlateral portions restrictedly yellow, the interspaceswith
scattered erect setre; posterior scleritesof notum brown,
the scutum behind the suture even darker. Pleura
yellow, with a more or less distinct brown longitudinal
stripe, extending from the fore coxre to the postnoturn,
passingabove root of halteres. Halteres with stenr pale,knob dusliy. Legs u'ith the lbre co\rr and troohantersdarkened, the others yellou': f'enrr-rru,
1'ellou'. the tips
very narrowl.y but distinctly tlu,rk brt-rutr; tibirc .vellou-.
the tips even more restrictedly ctarlieuecl; basitarsi
pale ; remainder of' tarsi clarli broulr ; c'ltuu'stoothed.
Wings broad, subhyaliue, the base sliglrtl.l'rnore yellou';stigma circular, dark brown ; veins pale brou-n, rnore
yellou,ish in the basal portions. Venation : ,Sc, ending
nearly oppositernid-length of the long-Es,,Sr:,sonledistancefrorrr tip ; 1J, suberlualto R21sia, both longer than R*2,
branchesof ./?sgenerally parallel to oue another firr ahnost
the entire length o1'anterior branch, the posterior olle,
fru, thence bent very strongly caudad, ending u,t u'ing-tip
and greatly u,ideningcell Ra i cell lsl M rrelatively llarrow,
subequal in length to vein M o beyond it ; 'nl-crl shorlly
beyond fork of M.
Abdomen dark brown, the caudal margins of the segrnents paler ; hypopygiurn brightened. Illale hypupygium with the apical blade of basistyle short and stout,
flattened, at &pex bispinous, the longer apical spine
directed strongly laterad, outer end of' blade with several

nelDor little-knoutnTipulidre.

361

erect setre; lateral flange of basistyle conspicuously
blackened, the margin entire or merely crenulate, notserrate. Outer dististyle a straight rod, the entire surface
u'ith long conspicuoussetre,interspersedwith abundantscabrous points, producing an unusually roughened
appearancg. Inner dististyle complex, terminating inthree blackenedpoints, two of which are acute blackened
spinous points, the outer beak-like portion a flattened
blade terminating in several teeth of various sizes.
'&deaguspale, the apexproduced into a flattened troughlike point, not markedly produced; ventral surface-of
red.eagus
before the apex with an extensivegroup of longpunctures.
setrefrom conspicuous
Hab. Ecuador(Oriente).
H olotype,6 , Abitagua, altitude I 200 nretres,April Z,
1937(Macintyre).
Teucltolabis(7'eucholabis)
sca,brosa
is ver.y distinct fromall other describedspecies. It is apparently most nearly
related to speciessuch as T . (T .) initia Alexander (Br azili,
yet differs in all details of structure of the male hypopygium.
Toror"hinn(Tororhina) curuata,sp. n.
General coloration brown, the lateral borders of prrescutum conspicuously pale grey ; pleura testaceous
yellow, rvith a longitudinal brown stripe ; wings ochreous,the veins & little darker than the ground ; abdornen
bicoloured,the incisuresdark, the central portion of theindividual segnrentsyellorv; male h,vpop.r'gitrnru'ith theapical spine of' basistyle strongh' c'ulr-er
I : posterior.
portion of'distist.r'le prodttr'erl ittto tl, long llale tail-lilicr

extensiou.
Male.-I.,ength. ext'ltrrlittgt'ostlrrrrr.itlrorrt
wing 5'5 mnr.
Female.-Length. esclutling t'ostt'trrrr.irllout I llult. :u'ing 6 mrn. ; rostrttnt abottt {;',)l)}r)1.
Rostrum black. in f'ertraleexceetlingthe u'ing in length,
in type-male partly cotreealetllretreathlrorlv tlnrl lengtlr,.t.oftain, buC apparentlv proportionatelr- slrr-rrtertl]anin female. Antennre clark brou'n. tlre large peclir.eliu
little brighter, obscureorange. Hearl btrft'r'gre.\-.
Pronotum dark brou-n. ]Iesonotal prcscutunr brou'n,
the lateral borders pale grey, the clisk u'ithout elearly

362

I{eu; or little-knowra
Tipulidre.

delimited stripes ; posterior sclerites of notum brown,veTy sparsely pruinose. Pleura testaceousyellow, witha longitudinal brown stripe across the dorsal sclerites.
Halteres dusky. Legs with the coxe and trochanters
yellow ; _remainder of legs brown, the tibial tips notdarkened. Wings ochreous,the veins a little darker than
the ground. A few trichia on -Bsbut none on its branch.
Venation : rn-cu close to fork of M.
Abdomen bicolorous,the incisuresdark, including bothbase and apex of segments, the central portion or the
segloelt* yellow ; hypopygium pale. Male hypopygiumwith the basistyle terminating in a slenderspine, ttre distal
third curved, much like a shepherd's crook. Dististyleconsisting of a subquadrate blackened strueture, itr"
surface densely spinulose,the outer angle produced into'? lgrg pale_appendagethat is nearly twice as long as the
body of style. Arms of redeagusrelatively short.
Hab. Ecuador (Oriente)
Holotype,6, Abitagua, altitude 1200 metres, April 20,
1937 (IVIacintyre). AllotoTtotype,9.
Tororhina (Tororhina) atraata is quite different fromother described species in the structure of the malehypopygium. The identity of T. (r.) bngicollis Pierre(Venezuela)is very problematical. The figures of thedescriber(Enc5rcl.Ent., Diptera, i. pp. 80-8i, fig*. 6-12l(1924)) are eithor highly inaccurate or else represent a,
type of venatiorr and male hypopygium quite unknou'nin the genus.