BULLETIN AND MEMOIBS
OF

The. American Museum of Natural History

Article II.

Fnexr E. Lurz, Editor
The following are the more recent papers on h*vpntpBRATE
Orders should be addressed, Library, The American MuZooroet.
seum of Natural History, 77th St. and Central Park West, New YorkCity.
139. Descriptionsand Recordsof Coccide. By T. D. A Cockerell,1915,
pp. 423-428,3 text figrtres.
Bullbtin, XXXIV, Art. 13, -By
Charles W. Leng, 1915, Bulletin,140. List of Caiabidre of'Florida.'
XXXIV, Art. 19, pp. 555-601.
l4l. Exrrerimenis with' Drosophila ampelophilo Concerning Natural
Seleetion. B-vFrank E. Lutz, 1915.XXXIV, Art. 21. pp' 605-624.
L42. Ants Collected in British Guiana by the Expedition of The American
Museum of Natural History During 1911. By William Morton
1916,Bulletin, XXXV, Ari. 1, pp. 1-14.
Wheeler,'Noteworthy
Brazilian Muscoide Collected by {Cflqt
L43. New and
H. Smith. By Chailes H. T. Townsend, 1916, Bulletin, XXXV,
Art.2, pp. 15-22.
144. Parasitii Muscid Larva Collected from the African Elephant andthe White Rhinocerosby the.CongoExpedition. By J. Requaert,
1916.Bulletin, XXXV, Art. 21, pp.377-387,3 text figures.
145. The Ceosraphic Distribution of Bombid:e (Hymenoptera), withNotes on Certain Speciesof Boreal America' By Frank E' Lutz,
1916,Bulletin, XXXV, Art. 26, pp. 501 5!1, 2 text figures.146. Descriptive Cat:ilozueof West Indian Cicindeline. By Charles W.
Leng and Andrew J. Mutchler, 1916,Bulletin, XXXV, Art. 361pp.
681-698, PI. xrr, 5 text figures.
147. Three New Specids of Evaniida. By Charles T. Brues, 1916,
Bulletin. XXXV. Art. 39. rtrt.7L7120,1 text fisure.
148. New Speciesof the Bee Geriri*-,{ndrenoin The Ameriean Museum of
Natiral History. By Henry L. Viereck, 1916, Bulletin, XXXV'
l.rt. 42. pp.729-732.
149. Insects of Fiorida (Part IV. Lepidoptera). By John A. Grossbeck(Edited by Frank E. Watson), 1917,Bulletin, XXXVII, Art. 1, pp.
l-147, I text figure.
150. New Acarina. Part Il.-Descriptions of New Speciesand Varieties
from Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohjo. - By H' E. Ewing,
1917,Bulletin, XXXVII, Art. 2, pp. 149-172,Pls.-r-w:- -l5l. Supplementto Preliminary'List of the Coleopteraof the West Indies.
By Charles W. Leng and Andrew J. Mutchler, 1917' Bulletin,
XXXVIL ATt. 5, pp. 191-220.
J. Smith'
152. SecondPapirr on Bririiiian Muscoidea Collected by_H-erb_ert
By Chailes H. T. Townsend, 1917, Bulletin, XXXVII' Art. 6, pp.
22t-?33.
153. New Speciesof Beesof the Genus Andrena,from Equatorial Africa,in The American Museum of Natural History. By Henry L.
Viereck, 1917, Bulletin, XXXVII' Art. 7, pp' 235-239.
I54. Contributions t6 our Knowledge of the Bec Genus Perdita Smith. By
Henrv L. Viereck, 1917,Bulletin, XXXVII, Art. 8, pp. 241-242.
155. Notes on West Iidian Syntomida and Arctiidee (Lepidoptera).
By Wm. T. M. Forbes, 1917, Bulletin, XXXVII, Art. 14' pp.
339-345, 5 text.figures.
156. Effect of Humidity 6n Pupal Duration and on Pupal Mortality of
DrosophilaampelophilaLoew. By Adolph Elwyn, 1917,Bulletin,
Art. 15, pp. 347-353, I text figure.
fXXVlI,

10c.
45c.
15c.
l5c.
10c.
10c.
20c.
20c.
10c.
10c.
$1.25
50c.
25c.

,\},II.]III(.,\N

Rr ('nenr-l:sP. Ar,rxa.xl)ER.
PH.l).
Pr..lr'r I\r'lhr' <'r'ane-fliescollectetl irr the Belgian C)ongo lty trIes-srs.Ltlug.
Chapin, altl Bequa,ert rvere kindly submitted to me for tleternrination
by Dr. Franl< E.Lutz.
The few specimensincluded repr.esentcinlv Ialgc
ancl rather conspiclrousforms but somc of these were of exceptional interest. The number of species in the collection is seven, tlistributert
in five genera. Our knowledge of thc Tipulidx' of the Oongo is almost
nil, and frrther colleetionsrvill bc arvaitcdwith consirlelableinterest.alrl
anticipation.
The erane-flY fauna of the Ethiopian rcgion exhibits sonre interesting features that I have endeavored to sumrnarize in the appendecl
table. Thc famil.y Tanycleridre and the Cylindrotominm ancl Pediciiniof the Tipulirlre have not been recorded as yct from Africa or its islancls,
anrl the Pt1'chopteridrc are represented only by a single Ptychopteru
fronr the Cape. The Limnobiini (DicranonL!/iaj L,ibnotes),Eriopterini(Erioptera, XIolophilus, Trentepohlict,(]onom,yia),ancl Hexatomini (Limnophila) are well represented in species. The Tipulinre, likewise, arecomnron and irrclude a few curious errdemictypes. Genela that abouncl
in thc Arnerican tropics and in the Orient (Gerano,nryia,Eriocera) arc
here represented by few species. Still others that, in the Neotropicalregion, occur in a variety of forms are here inclicatcd only f1' a few,
of ten non-ty pical, species (Rhipi dia, T euchola.bis, Gnoph omyi a) .
The apparent centers of distribution of some of the genera are
indicated by the abbreviations, as follolvs: E:Ethiopian;
H:Holarct ic; N: Neot r opic;
Nea: Near ct ic; O : O r ient al: P: Palear ct ic;
A: Australasian; *: doubtful genera.
I.

10c.

Cosmopolitan, or nearly so; repr.csentatives occurring inmost of the faunal reEions of the worlrl.
Ptychoptera (H)Dicranomyia
GeranomEia(N)

10c.
10c.
10c
No.

10c,

TIPULID.T L:OLLECTED B\. THI'MUSEUM CONGO EXPI.IDII'ION,

rScientific3.

resrrlts of 'lhe-\rrprirarr

Stitg. Empedn (H)Molophilus (H)Gonomyia (H'1l{trsr:ttnt of \atrrral
1)

Historl'

Corgrr})xpeditiorr.

lintomologr

Jtr r cr icr r ' r tllu se u ,u t o J Na,tuntLIl i tktralJttlL e L itt

Rhantphi'dia (L)Li'mnophila (H)Eriocera (N)ElephantomYia
Ori.marga (N)EriopteroII.

l V ol ' X LIII

Subg. Lei.'poneuro(N)
Subg. Gonontyella(N)Trimi,uaLongurio (81Ti.pula (H)Nephrotom,a(H)'I'ropicopolitan.
'l'rentepohli.a(.O)
Styri,ngo'mYia(E' 0)(.8)
Megistocera

le20l

Alerander, Tipulidu Jront the Belgian Congo

The types of the new species described in this paper are depositedin the collection of The American Museum of Natural History.
paratypes of Lecteria a.fricana are in the author,s collection.
Trpur,ro.ntimnobiine
LrMNoBra Meigen
LimnobiaMrrcev, 1818,System.Beschr.,I, p. g2.
Limnobia

III.

IV.

Oriental and F)thiopian; especially southern and eastern
Africa.
Scamboneura(O)Th,rypticomyia (O)Tipulodina*Libnotes (O)(O)
Ctentcroscelis(O)
Conosia
Neotropical and llthiopian.
Ceratocheilu's

Lecteria

V.

L)enter of Distlibution in tho Australasiarl legiolr'
Habromastir
Ta,siocero
Dol,ichopezrt

VI.

Oenter of Distlibution in the Neotropical region'
AtarbaRhi,pid,i,aTororhina
Teuchol,ab'is
Gno'phom'y'iavII.

center.of Distribution in the [Iolarctic or Palearctic region.
Heratoma (P)Linrnobia (H)*(H)
Ormosia * (H)Aclelphom,tli'a
Ori m a rq u l rr(II)VIII.

Entleurie (South Africa,).
Pla,tyli'mnobia
PLtiloneu,ra

LePtoti'Pula
ld'iotiPula11

congoensis, new species

Plate IV, Figure 1
Thorax shiny black and yellowish, the pro- and metapleura yellowl halteres
dark, pale at the base; legs dark; wings yellow, the outer margin broadly infumedwith darker, the veins narrowly seamed with dark brown; abdomen black, thehypopygial region yellowish.
Femnle(?).-Length, about 10.2 mm.1 wing, 12.6 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown, the latter short. Antenne brownish yellow,
the scape above dark brown; flagellar segmentsoval, each with a very long bristle.
Eyes large, the space on the vertex between them very narrow but little wider thanthe diameter of the first antennal segment. rread brownish yellow, the area surrounding the insertion of the antenna brown.
Pronotum dull yellow, above on the mid-line narrowly dark brown. Mesonotal
prescutum shiny; the usual three stripes very broad, black, entirely confluent
behind; the spaceanterior to and behind the lateral stripes yellowish. scutal lobes
black, the median area palerl scutellum light yellow; postnotum black. pleuravariegated yellowish and black; propleura, including the coxe of the fore legs, deep
yellowish; mesopleura, including the coxe of the middle legs, black, e*ruptiog u
restricted dull yellowish area below the wing-rootl metapleura, including the base of
the halteres, pale yellowish, continued onto the mesosternum between the middle
and hind coxe. Halteres dark brown, except the basal third of the stem which isconspicuously light yellow. Legs with the coxe as described above, the hind coxa
black; posterior trochanters blackish, anterior trochanters reddish; femora darkbrown, most intense apically; tibie brown; tarsi dark brown. wings with a strong
yellow tinge, the apical region and the posterior margin tinged with brown; stigma
dark brown, solid; narrow, dark brown seamsalong the cord and the longitudinalveins, more conspicuousalong cz. venation:
terminating opposite the end oI^sc
the sectorl r at the tip of Rr; Bs moderately elongated, a little longer than celllst Mz, angulated and slightly spurred at the origin; basal deflection of czr at thefork of M.
Abdomen black, the hypopygium and the sclerites immediately basad of itorange-yellow. The tip of the abdomen of the unique type is slightly injured and I
cannot determine the sex with certainty but believe that it is a female. The very
narrow vertex suggeststhat the specimen may be a male.

[,
il

L2

Bulletin,Arnerican Museum of Naturul ll'tskrru

H ubitu,t.-Ilel gian Congo.
H o l o t t l p e . ? ( ? ) ; NIe tlje ,' 2 7 ":1 0 ' II.,2 ' 2 5 ' N
Chapin Coll.); S epi . 15-30, 1910.

r1)201l \',r1..\l ,l l lrt ( I o t r.utt
A Lett ru ler,'l' i.p r.tLi.r
le J'r ot n, t he I) eI u'iu,

The American students of the Tipulicle sccrn to havr: less tliflicrrllv
in reconciling the group of specieswith the long subcosta, as tliscusst'rl
above, to the genus Dicronomyia, but among the Europearr lvorkct's
several take a stand similar to that of Dr. Bergroth, especially Edwards
and Speiser. DeMeijere described his D. umbrata (Java) with a longsubcosta and couectly referred rt to Dicranomyia, yet Edrvards latelreferred it to the genusLimnobia. Brunetti describesa variety of fortns
as speciesof Limnobia; those with a short subcosta (tinctineruis,festioa)
are undoubted species of Dicranomyi,a, while his L. indica rvith the subcosta long is, in my opinion, possibly a Dicranontai.a; L. longineruis,on the other hand, is evidently a Libnotes. One of Bergroth's species,
D. uenusta,of western North Arnerica, exhibits a marked variability inthe length of the subcosta, ranging frorn specimensr,vherethe vein ends
opposite the origin of the sector, to others where it extends notably
beyond. The question arises: is this a Dicranomg'ia or a Limnobia,
in the senseof Bergroth? Indeed, what is apparently the same, or a very
closely related, specicswas tlescribed later on by Dr. Williston as Limnobia concinna.
I have stated elsewhere,ancl rnaintain again, that when the faunaof the world is considered, the only characters that are available for'distinguishing Limnobi,a from Dicranomyia are so slight as to be difficultof definition, yet perceptible. In such casesthc student has to depend
Iargely on the habitus of the speciest'orrcerned. This, of coul'se,brings
in intuition and the personal opinion of t,heauthority, but the only othercourse left is to refer all of these genera, Dicranomyi,a, Rhipidia, Peripheroptera, Dapanoptera, Goni,odineura, Libnotes, etc., to L'irnnob'io,.
A somewhat similar condition obtains in the Eriopterini, and here Dr.
Bergroth has deplored the possibility of lumping the complex into one
or few genera. I, likewise. believe that this is to be done only as & lastresort. The constant accessionof exotic Tipulidre has by no means eased
the burden of the taxonomist and the difficulty of exactly defining
genera is even greater than it was a half century ago, at the time of theappearance of Osten Sacken's monograph. Recently the writer has
undertaken a study of the immature stages of the Tipulidre and relatedfamilies. Representatives of over seventy species, including forty
genera and all the tribes and major groups, have been obtained.
A careful study of this material has thrown much light on the subjectof classification, and it seems that its continuance will do muchtoward solving the problem. The results of this study will appear inanother paper.

(Lang andThis is a true rnember of the genus Limnobia and perhaps the firstto be clescril)edfrom thc Ethiopian region altirough I'. uni,flaua Iliodel
mav colrectly bc referred herc. The present speciesbears a slight resemblance to forurs like L. 'indigenaOsten Sacken,ctc'
The lather nurnerous specie-qrelerred to this genus by Bergroth,Speiser,Edwards, and others seemrathel' to be referable to Diuanomyia,
Rhipi,di,a and I'i,bnotes. Dr. Bergroth has written sevelal important
papers and notes on tipulid synonynly. While adrnitting many of thesepoints, there are others to rvhich I can by no means agree and it sccms
opportune to speak of one of thcsc norv' In his latest paper on thesubject ('Some Tipulid Synonymy,'Psychel XXII, pp. 54 59, April
1915) Dr. Rergroth, in speraking of thc gerlera Limnobia and Dic'ranomuia, writes as follows: "Alcxanclc'r',scclnceptionof thcse two genera
seemsto be so different florrr thlt of Osten Sackcn and all other authorsthat an explenltion of htx't,lierrlistinguishesthem is mgch to be desirerl."On the contrary, I tirllirtlrLinthat my conception of the limits of
Dicrano.m,tliacorresporrdsvr,rv <,loselyrvith that of osten Sacken, andthat it is Burqroth and sonte 0thcr European writers who deviate fromthat definition. 'I'he rnosl irnpor'ttnt single feature entering into this{iscussion concerns t}xr relritivtt length of 1,hesubcostal vein, it bcing
long anrl cxtcntling filr be.\.onrlthe origin of the sector in Limnobi,a,but short a,ndending about, opposite or bcfo|c the origin of the sector inrnosl specics<'fiDiua'n.omttio. Dr'. Btrrgrclth lus atrlpllt'entlyoverlooked
thc group of species in the gclrus /)icrononzyia (osten Sacken, 18ti9,
Monogr., Smithsonirr,nMiscoll. ()oll., No. 219, pp' 73 76) in which thesubcosta is fulll' as long as in Limnobia. Tlic specicsinclucled by Osten
Sacken, D. prtbipennis, D. globitlrorar, D. raro, antl D. si'mulans, arefrom eastern America, but species in the same category are found inpractically all parts of the world where the genus occurs. ln sornecountries they are mol'e altundant than the specieswith the short subcosta,
but in the Holarctic region are generally very much less common. The
species that Dr. Rergroth would place in Limnobia (D. nebulosa,eiseni, Qloriosa,etc.) are qrlite comparable to the four species listed
above. In Europe, D. pil'ipennis Egger, which is apparently the same as,or very closely related to, D. pub.ipennis,is a common speciesand must
be entirely familiar to Dr. Re|groth, and yet I believe he would hesitate
to refer it. to Limnobzn,,in spite of the length of its subcostal vein'
l{;
tr)

h
(

l.l

Ilulletin Anrerican Museum of NaturaL History
Lrcrrnr.lafricana,

A leau,rtder,'l' ipulid<z lro n t he lle lgiun. (i ortgo

l5

The hitherto known speciesof this genus are Neotropical lrrrl, llrt'
occurrenceof undescribed forms in Africa was menbioned by the writ,cr'some years ago (1913, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XLIV, p. 493). 'fhe lcsemblance of L. africano to species of the tropical American gcnrrs
Psaroruius Enderlein and especially to the genotype, P. obscurus(Fabricius), isstriking and difficult of explanation. In the paper justcited I expressed the belief that the two genera are confluent but thel'seem to be readily separable, the species of Psaroruius having very longtibial spurs while the tibie in Lecteria are entirely.unarmed. The
similarity in venation and general habitus is remarkable.

Osten Sacken

Lecteria Osrnw SecrpN, 1887, Berliner Ent. Zeitschr., XXXI,
Lecteria

1020J
l V r , t .X L I I I

part 2, p. 206.

new species

Plate IV, Figure 2
Coloration brownish yellow or brownish gray, the mesonotal prescutum withnarow, indistinct stripesl pseudosutural fovee conspicuousl legs reddish brownwith the tips of the segments darker; wings pale yellow, deepest along the costa;
pale gray and dark brown spots at the forks and tips of many of the veins; abdomenvery elongate, reddish brown.
Male.-Length, 29-30 mm.; wing, 22-23 mm.; abdomen, 24 mm.; hind leg,
fernur, L3.3mm.; tibia, L2.4 mrr',; tarsus,11.2mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne with the first scapal segment darkbrown, faintly gray pruinose; second segment brown; flagellum pale brownish
yelloW; first scapal segment elongate, as long as the succeedingthree taken together;basal flagellar segmentsrounded or oval, beyond the fourth elongate-oval with long,delicate verticils. Head with the eyeslarge, protuberant; vertex moderate in width;
head strongly narrowed behind, light brownish gray with delicate transverse lines;
an indistinct narrow, median longitudinal stripe.
Mesonotum large. Prescutum brownish yellow, sometimes slightly grayish,
with three indistinct stripes that are narrowly and indistinctly margined with darker;
the middle stripe is bisected by a narrow dark brown stripe; pseudosutural fovere
large, subreniform, dark brown; scutum yellow or slightly grayish, the lobes a little
darker medially; scutellum small, brownish yellow, narrowly brown medially. withnumerous long yello'w hairs; postnotum grayish yellow with a narrow dark brown
median stripe. Pleura browrrish gray. Ifalteres bro.wn,the knobs darker. Legs withthe coxrebrownish gray; trochanters brown; femora and tibie reddish brown, thetips narrowly dark brorvnl two basal segmentsof the tarsi reddish tipped with dark;
apical tarsal segments dark brown; tibie unarmed. Wings pale yellow, thecostal region more intensely yellow; small dark brown seams at r, Scz, baseof /i++s and base of 8s; paler brown seamsat the tip of r?2,fork of Mr+z and lessindistinctly at the ends of most of the longitudinal veins and along Cu. Venation:
8c very long, almost as long as B,' Bs very long, greatly arcuated at its origin andrunning very close to .Rt, even more than is usual in the genus; basal deflection of
Bl*s short, strongly arcuated; 1?zlong, strongly upcurved at the tip; r inserted on Br
near its base and on .Rra short distance from the tip; cell lst M2 elongate,irregularly
hexagonal; petiole of cell Mr a little longer than this cell; fusion of M.t atd. Cur
slight..
Abdomen very long, reddish brown, the lateral margins of the tergites narrowly
dark brown; seventh tergite with a narrow brown or black median stripe; abdominal
segmentswith mrmerous yellorv seta; a narrow basal ring on either side destitute of

Tipulina
MEcrsrocgnl Wiedernanna Wronnlt.rllnr,1828,Aussereur.Zweifl, Ins., I, p. 55.
M egistocer
Megistocera bicauda Sp,,iser'
Megistocerabicauda Srnrsnn, 1909, in Sj6stedt's Kilimandjaro-1\{eru Exped., II,part 10, pp. 53 and 54. Type locality: N{omboin flsambara.
A single female that agrees well with Speiser's description, except
as to the color of the abdomen, which is dark brown above, the basal
tergites wiih a rather bright yellowish brown median stripe whichbecomes obsolete about the fourth segment.
Belgian Congo: Stanleville, 2S" 15' E., 0' 30' N.; February 1915.
(Lang and Chapin Coll.)
TrpuLA Linnausl
Tipula LwNnus, 1758,Syst. Nat., 10th Ed., p. 585.
Tipula dolichopezoides, uelsrlspecies

Plate I\r, Figure 3
Generai coloration dark brown, the prescuturnwithout distinct stripes; pleura
yellow with indistinct brownish blotches; legsdark brown; wings with a brown tinge,
rnost intensealong thc anterior margin to beyond the wing apex; a pale area before
and beyond the stigma and in cell lst Mz: cell lst Mz small, pentagonal; abdomen
banded brown and yellow
Female.-I'ength,about 12 mm.; wing, 11.8mm.; middle leg, femur, 8.3 mm.;tibia,9 mm.; hind leg, femur, 8.6 mm.; tibia,8.7 mm.

seI@.

H abitat.-B elEian Conso.
Holotype,- A; Faradje, 29"+0' 8.,3' -10'N.; January 1913. (Lang anclChapin
Coll.)
Paratopotypes.-& &; January 1913and April 1911.
ParatEpe.-&; Bagboro,29oE., 4o 18'N.; October16, 1911.

rTipula brunettiana,
new name lot Tipula splentlensBnuNorrr, 1912, Fauna British lndia,
Diptera, p. 314 (India); norr TiTtula splendcns Do,\NE, 1901, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., p. 107
U n i t e d S tai c s ) .

1l

10

Bulleti,n American Museu,mof Natural History

19201

tVol. XLIII

Frontal prolongation of the head short, brownish yellow above, the sides darker
brown; n&sus represented only by a few stout hairs. Palpi moderately elongated,dark brown, paler at the joints. Antenne with the scapelight yellow; firsf flagellar
segment elongate, yellow; remaining segments brown, the basal portion a little
darker; flagellum with long verticils. Head broad behind, dark brown, the front
and the anterior portion of the vertex yellowish.
Mesonotum dark brown without distinct stripesl abundant long black hairs on
the interspaces. Pleura dull yellow, indistinctly marked with brown, the mesopleura
largely dark; a dark area on the mesosternum between the middle and hind coxae.
Halteres slender, dark brown, the extreme base and apex paler. Legs with the coxee
and trochanters yellow; remainder of the legs dark brown. Wings with a slightbrown tinge; the costal region, including the wing apex, dark brownl broad brown
seamsalong the cord and lessdistinctly along the Iongitudinal veins; a pale obliterative area before and beyond the oval dark brown stigma and another completely
filling the small cell lst Mz. Yenation: .Rsshort, gently arcuated, only a little longer
than flz*ai .R2long, persistent, bisecting the outer obliterative area; cell lst M2very small, pentagonall cell Mt long-petiolate, the petiole about equal to fir*si
fusion of Cur and MtIq rather extensive, beginning at the fork of M.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, excepting the broad basal and lateral margins.
Sternites yellow, the segmentswith the posterior margin rather broadly ringed withbrownl a narrow sub-basal transverse band of brown. Female ovipositor rather
large, with a long dorsal basal shield, castaneous; the tergal valves elongate,slender,
divergent apically, with the tips rounded; sternal valves a little shorter, compressed,
the tips subacute.
H abitat.-Belgian Congo.
Holotype.- 9; Stanleyville,2S"15'E., 0'30'N.; February 1915. (Lang andChapin CoIl.)0

I

Plate IV, Figure 4
General coloration dark brown; pronotal scutum narrow and very high; arounded dark brown spot on the margin of the prescutum at about midJength;
scutellum yello'w; wings brownish gray, a brown seam along r-m and the basal
deflection of Ctrr; abdomen reddish brorvn, with a dark brown lateral stripe.
Female.-Length, about 18.5 mm.; wing, 19.5 mm.
Frontal prolongation of the head elongate, dark brown above, paler, reddish
yellow on the sides; nasus elongate, slenderl palpi dark brown. Antenne with thescape brownl first flagellar segmeht elongate, dark brown, the base a little paler;remainder of the flagelium broken. Head dark brown.
Pronotum dark brown, the scutum highly projecting. Mesonotal prescutum
yellowish brown, brighter arrteriorlyl a narrow indistinet median brown linel arounded blackish spot on the lateral margin of the prescutum at about midJength17

and just behind the pseudosutural fovee; scutum dark blackish brown, the centersof the lobes yellowish brownl scutellum yellowish brownl postnotum similar, thebasal third dark brown. Pleura dull yellowish brown, the region near the anterior
spiracle more cinereous; a dark brownish black area on the lateral regions of thepostnotum behind the wing-root. flalteres elongate, dark brown, the knobs brighter
reddish. Legs with the coxe and trochanters dull yellowish; femora and tibia
reddish brown, the tips dark brownl tarsi dark brown, Wings with a strong brownish gray tinge, the costal region more brownish; stigma dark brown, narrow; anarrosr brown seam alongr-m and the basal deflectiot ol Cut. Venation: .Rsshorter
than -Bz+r; .B2present but weak and ceII R2consequentlysmall and with its inner end
acute; l?s short, straight; cell lsl M2 large, ample.
Abdominal tergites reddish brown, a little brighter basally; lateral margins of
the segmentsbroadly blackish, producing a dark lateral stripe; an indistinct blackish
median spot near the base of the segments; sternites yellowish. Female ovipositor
with the tergal valves very lopg and slender, the inner margin at the base fringed
with long hairs; sternal valves short, compressed,pale yellow, the tips broadly
rounded.
H abitat.-Belgian Congo.
Holotgpe.- I ; Avakubi, 27" 40' 8., l" 20' N.; Oct, 4-8, 1909. (Lang andChapin Coll.)This species is closest to T. jocosa Alexander (Cape Colony) in thepeculiar venation, but cell .Rr is srnaller and with its inner end evenmore acute, while cell 1st Mz is comparatively small.
TipulaThis small species curiously suggests the genus Oropeza Needham,
but is apparently a true Ti,pulct. Its resemblance to certain African
species of Dolichopeaa, belonging to the subgenus Trichodolichopeza
Alexander, is also noteworthy.
Tipula langi, new species

Alexander, Tipulide front the Belgian CongoIt$langt rubricepilla,,

new subspecies

Female.-Length, 18 mm.; wing, 17 mm.
Differs from the typical langi as follows: the head is much brighter in color,
reddish, as is also the dorsal shield of the ovipositor. The flagellum is brownish
black, the segmcnts rather elongated and with long verticils. The high pronotal
scutum is broadly yellow medially, the sides dark brown, the mesonotum largely
dark, but the scutellum is entirely yellow. Pleura yellowish, with extensive darkbrown markings including the propleura, most of the mesopleura and the outerface ol the coxre. Abdomen dark brown, especially on the sternites.
H abitat.- Belgian Congo.
HolotEpe.- 9; Medje, 27o 30'F;.,2" 25'N.; Sept. 1-7, 1910. (Lang andChapin Coll.)
Pupa of Tipula Species
A large tipuline pupa was secured by Dr. Joseph Bequaert in the
I3utagu Valley at 2200 meters, western slope of Mt. Ruwenzori.
The
There
specimen was taken in April 1914 from wet moss near a brook.
can be little doubt but that the specimenbelongs to a large species of therestricted genus Tipulo Linnreus but any further determination is impossibleat this time. The fly that would emergefrom this pupa would

18

BulletinAmericanMuseumof
NaturalHistory

lVol.Xl,l.ll

r9201

be almost as large as Tipula abdomiruilts (Say) of northeastern North
America. It would naturally be expected that this might be the pupaof the large and vigorous Ctenacroscelisalbouittatus (Macquart) which
has an extensive range in eastern Africa, but the venation of the wingpad precludes this reference. This specimen may be briefly describedas follows:

Nnpnnororua

illABCof _pupa of Tipltlo Epecies from Mt.
end; C, lateral aspect of the caudal

Ruwenzori.
end.

,4, pronotal

horn;

B,

ventralPupa.-Length, 37 mm.
Width, dextro-sinistral, at the wing-pad, 5.2 mm.
Depth, dorso-ventral,at the wing-paC,5.3 mm.
Pronotal breathing horn, 2.5 mm.
Coloration of the alcholic pupa very dark reddish brown. The specimen wasevidently nearly ready to emerge when it rvas killed.
Labral sheath very broad, transversely wrinkled. Sheaths of the maxillary
palpi strongly recurved at their tips. Pronotal breathing-horns short, equal in
Iength, cylindrical, the tips slightly expanded (Fig. 1,4). The mesonotumis expansive, with about eight prominent but depressedtubcrcles, the anterior four ofwhich extend aerossthe dorsum in a semicircular transverse row; the outermost pairare located just above the root of the wing. Wing-sheaths showing the venation
clearly, vein Rz not dipping strongly toward vein R3; cell Mr petiolate; veinm-eu
short or punetifnrm. 'W'ing-sheathsreacliing the base of the third abdominal segment. Leg-sheaths attaining the base of the fourth abdominal segment, the foretarsal sheaths shorter than the other legs.
AbCominal tergites with a row of twelve small spinesacrossthe caudal marginof the posterior ring, on either side of the median line with an additional slightly
larger spine grouped close to two of the series to form a close triangle. Pleurites
rvith a large spine on the anterior ring and two small spines placed side by side on
the posterior ring. Abdominal sternites with about eleven spines on the posterior
ring, the two outermost on either end o"f the row smr.Il and paired; two widely
separated larger spines on tho basal half of the posterior ring. Female cauda surrounded by ten powerful spines, four being on the sternum of the eighth segment,
two on the pleura of the eighth segment and four larger spines, set close together,loeated at the base of the ninth tergum (Fig. 1 B and C). In addition to the fourll)tergal spines there is an additional long,powerful lobe on either side at the base ol'
the tergal valves, these directed caudad and slightly dorsad. Tergal valves of thc
ovipositor considerably longer than the sternal valves.
Specimen in the collection of the American Museum.

rdFig.- 1 . Details
aspect of the caudal

Alexander, Ti,pulidu Jrom tlrc BelEian Congo

t,
d

tl

rl

MeigenNephrotomaMnrcnx, 1803,Illiger's Mag., II, p. 262.
Nephrotoma

cha,pini, new species

Plate IV, Figure 5
Head orange-yellow, including the frontal prolongation; no dark occipital
markl mesonotum dull yellow .with three broad black stripes; scutellum and postnotum yellow, the apical third of the latter black; pleura yellow, spotted withbrownl wings brownish yellow, the cord indistinctly seamedwith brown; abdomenyellow, transversely banded with black.
Female.-Length, 15 mm.; wing, 12.4 mm.
Frontal prolongation of the head very short, yellow; nasus short with a tuft oflong black hair; palpi dark brown. Antenne with the first segment yellow; second
segment dark brownl flagellum very dark brown. Head rich orange-yellow, duller
on the gena; vertical tubercle rather prominent; no shiny area on occiput.
Pronotum broadly yellow, the sides dark brownish black. Mesonotum dull
yellow with three very broad black stripes that are almost confluent behind, separated only by a very indistinct line of chestnut .brorvnl the space before the lateral
stripe triangular, dull yellow; scutum almost entirely black, the median area paler;scutellum dull brownish yellow, the sides darker; postnoturn yellow, the apicalthird dark brownish black. Pleura yellow, the mesepimeronpaler, almost rvhitish;a large brown spot on the mesepisternumand another on the mesosternum,suffusing
the base of the middle coxe. Halteres dark brown, the extreme base and the knobs
a little paler. Legs with the coxa more or less infumed with brown, darkest on theposterior coxe, which are almost entirely of that colorl trochanters dull yellow;
femora black, the basal portion yellowish, this narrowest on the fore femora, broadeston the hind femora; tibie and tarsi black. Wings with a strong grayish yellow tinge,
costal area a little brighter; stigma brown; the cord and the longitudinal veinsindistinctly seamedwith very pale brown, Venation: Es very short, scarcely longer
than the basal deflection of l?a*ai cell Ml broadly sessile,
Abdominal tergites banded black and yellow, the first tergite and the apicalhalf of segmentstwo to four black, the apical two-thirds of segment five black; all ofsegment six black except a small yellow spot on the sides at the basel segment
seven entirely blackl segment eight yellow, margined with black; segment nine
yellow; ovipositor chestnutl lateral margins of the tergites broadly dark brownish
black; sternites approximately similar to the tergites.
H abitat,-B elgian Congo.
HolotEpe.- 9; Stanleyville,25o 15'8., 0o 30'N.; February 1915. (Lang andChapin Coll.)

BuLLetin Attrcrican, Jluseunt oJ' Nu.turaL II i,sl.ory').(ll V ol ..\l ,l l l

In its banded abdornerr this speciessuggestsN. tigri'na Alexander
of Portuguese East, Africa (1917, Ann. South African Mus., XVII,
pp. 177-179) but in other respccts there is not a great resemblance
between the two.
Nephrotoma ruwenzoriana, new species

Head orange-yellow, the frontal prolongation black above; thorax entirely
blue-black except the basal two-thirds of the postnotum which are orange-yellow;
halteres and legs black; wings strongly infumcd with blackish; abdomen black with
only the last segment reddish.
Female.-Length, 17.5 mm.; wing, 12.8 mm.
Frontal prolongation of the head short, jet black above, reddish yellorv on thesides; nasuslong, slender,black; palpi short, black. Antennre with the first segment
brownish orange; secondsegmentbrownl flagellar segmentsblack. Head orangeyellow, the occiput with a brown triangular mark that runs forward onto the vertex.
Pronotum very dark reddish brown; mesonotum entirely deep blue-black with
only the basal two-thirds of the postnotum bright yellow. Pleura blue-black.
Halteres and legs black. Wings broad, strongly tinged. with blackish, especiallyalong the costal region and on the basal third, whence it, is continued outward alongveins Cu and 2nd ,4,' stigma dark brown; tiJr of the wing darkened, a broad sea,malong the cord. Venation: lls short, straight, oblique; cell Ml rather narrowly
sessile.
Abdomen entirely blue-black, with the exception of the ninth segment and thevalves of the ovipositor, which are yellowish chestnut.
H abi,tat.-B elgian Congo.
Holotype.- I ; Mt.Ruwenzori, 29' 50'8., 0o30'N., on the westernslopein the
Butagu Valley at 3000 m.; April 15, 1914. (J. tsequaertColl.)
Most closely related to N. fuscipennis (.Karcch) frorn Portuguese

1

a

an

j

F]

X
j

'i::
6 r'i

I

Plate IV, Figure6

West Africa (1886, Ent. Nachricht., XII, pp. 52 and 53).
species may be separated by the following key:

I

F
I

t

av

E
RC

e

{s F

I

a

.t

&

i:t
:!f
a:1::

skE
z UUU
!

I
I

FFF
+

9 ri "i.d
.i ti

.;
O

!

ll
4
'9

'7

xda
a9v

The two;Femalewith the scutellumyellowishred; a yellow spot on pleura abovethe
middle coxa; secondand third abdominal segmentsmore or less.yellowish
re d... .
. . . . . . l y '. t u s c i p e n n i s ( K a r s c h ) .
Female with the scutellum black; pleura and abdomen uniformly bluenew species.
blaek. .
. .N. ruruenzori,ana,

o
a
il
q

z

F 6.9

1r s

.3.9E
I -tr
!E:
q;
o

5. ! r
" r,E
'B

.;

EPs
NHS

UUU

FFF
z
ts
j
I

.j6im'
ti bi qi