2023/10/3

25th International Wood Machining Seminar
October 4-7, 2023, Portmesse Nagoya, Japan

Keynote Presentation

Achievements, present situationand future prospectof wood machining technology

Achievements, present situation and future prospectof wood machining technology

1. Short review of R&D 2012-2022
2. 4 Topics related wood machining
3. from “Mokkiten Japan 2023”

Yoshihisa Fujii
Professor emeritus, Kyoto University, Japan

from our bookshelf“Is research activity really declining?”

Literature related on wood machining 2012-2022
More than 3000 articles published
Holzforschung,European Journal of Wood and Wood Products
Journal of Wood Science,

121 Papers

121 papers on wood machining 2012-2022 were found12023/10/3

Topic 1 “cutting” as core subject
1. Literature survey

Other resources
1. Technical reports

Wood cutting mechanism [1-7], Sawing [8-20]
Milling [21-23]

from companies, institutions, societies…

2. On line information

2. In IWMS25

Website, SNS,

9 orals on “cutting” and “sawing” by
Orlowski, Mellqvist, Matsuda, Goli, Cool,
Jaquemod, Asaka, Shirazi, Hausmann
4 posters on related topics byFujimoto, Hernandez, Takamura, Sandak….

huge amount of info. produced byresearchers and engineers are available.

Experimental analysis of cutting process using DIC method

Experimental analysis of cutting process using DIC methodx(L)y, normal
5%
tensile

工具

Digital image

5%
tensiley, normal

0%

0%
Comp.

Matsuda(2017)

Strain in normal direction

y, normal

Comp.
-5%

DIC

工具y(T)

Cutting angle

shear

-5%

shear
vinyl chloride
plastic, homogenous

Woodbrittle, heterogenous

Matsuda(2017)

Simulation of cutting process, Previous papers

depth of cut

Cutting angle

Depth of cut

30°

40°

50°

60°

70°

80°

R. Fischer (2000)

90°

0.3

R. Pfeiﬀer(2015)
0.2

Normalforce

0.1
0.05

Simulation of green wood millingwith discrete element method

Metal cutting simulation(mm)compression

tensionMatsuda(2017)22023/10/3

Application of FEM to cutting process

Simulation of cutting process using FEM
Basic concepts

3.

3 phases of analysis
Contact analysis between two sub-models,
tool and workpiece
Chip generation by criteria of fracture,elimination and reproduction of nodes
Chip deformation

1.
2.
3.

analysis conditionStep by step analysis (repetition of calculation)
Material property (anisotropic)
Non-linear (elastoplastic, large deformation)

1.

Force
Steel plate2.
lateraldirection

FE-analysis of lateral compression of wood
having annual ring structure

2D Simulation of cutting processby advanced contact analysis
with yield criteria

Add minutedisp. /loadNo

Check contact
generation

Deformation

Yes

Calculation ofReaction force
Stress/strain analysis
Yield criteria
Yes

No

Element elimination

StressCutting angle
30°35°

Stress in cutting direction

Cutting simulation using FEM

Depth of cut 0.07mm

40°

Stress in normal direction

0.14mmLong.

Normal.

0.21mm0.28mmShear

Influence of cutting angle

Depth of cut 0.2mm,Clearance angle 5°

Influence of depth of cut

Cutting angle 35°
Von Mises stress32023/10/3

Stress intensity factor andcrack propagation at crack tip in cutting
cutting tool
using DIC image

crack tip

depth of cut: 40 μm

100 μm

2D Simulation of cutting process
based on fracture mechanics
Minute Disp.

depth of cut: 113 μm

0.21700.1860
500.12400.09300.06200.03

10KI [MPa·m1/2]

0.15

crack propagation length(Δa) [μm]320 pixels
200pixels ROI

Reaction force TKIc, J-Integral
Stress distribution
at crack opening

00.00
190

240

050

100

150200250

travelled length of cutting tool [μm]Simulation of cutting process
based on fracture mechanics

Topic 2 “tool wear”
1. Literature survey [28-32]>wear in process of wood-based materials,
such as PB, MDF and laminated wood

Crack propagation > mode 1

2. In IWMS25

Pressing by rake face > mode 2

3 papers by
Nasir monitoring of toolIida monitoring by cutting noise,
Sandak evaluating by optical 3D vision method

3D dimensional cutting > mode 3

Topic 3 “surface quality and roughness”
1. Configuration by

Topic 4.1 “quality control and production system”
1. Literature survey [61-66]

mechanism of processing, knife marks…
processing conditions, tool wear…
anatomical features, cellular structure of woodscanning in sawmill,yield improvement by dry and rip (SDR) technique,log sorting and sawing patterns for large-diameter logs,
digitalization of small and medium sized sawmills,
feasibility of log scanning using CT method.
In IWMS 25
related 3 papers by Fredriksson, Kortuem, Ji

2. Should be discussed in relation to
next coming processes, adhesion, painting...

3. As for laminated wood based panels,performance of edge banding machines.
In IWMS 25, 3 papers by Asaka, Moanda, Binninger

2.

4

2023/10/3

Topic 4.2 “NDT for quality control”
1. Literature survey

2.

Inspection and monitoring system in industry

NDT technologies in general [77-80],
acoustic and vibration method [81-94],
electromagnetic waves [95-112],
imaging of wood [113-121]In IWMS 25
7 papers by Schajer, Böhm, Zeng, Kobori, Huang,Kurata, Ma,
Fagus-GreCon GretenGmbH & Co. KG

ARGOS SOLUTIONS AS

Innovativ Vision AB

Features of Japanese Woodworking Machinesfrom Mokkiten Japan 2023
153 exhibitors
Sawing machines
Plywood machines
Woodworking machines
others ”

Features of Japanese Woodworking Machines
1. Sawmill machines

With carriage

1. Sawmill machines
2. Plywood production system
3. Pre-cut machines
4. Tools
5. Machines for various woodworking

Features of Japanese Woodworking Machines
2. Plywood production system

Twin bandsaw machine

Twin band saw with log scanner
Kikukawa enterprise, Inc.
Traditional sawing patterns

Sawing pattern for twin band saw

Twin bandsaw machines with log scanning

Meinan Machinery Works, Inc.

softwood plywood

Rotary lathe peeling small diameter soft wood log

52023/10/3

Features of Japanese Woodworking Machines
2. Plywood production system

Features of Japanese Woodworking Machines
3. Pre-cut machines

Inspection apparatus using AI••
•
•
•

•
•
•
•
•

Veneer, plywood and laminated wood
Camera and image data processing
Deep learning
Detection of knot, check, color…
High speed of 100-200m/min

Pre-process of post and beams
Mortise and tenon
CAD/CAMFor all parts of construction
For boards interior and exterior• Exhibited by Meinan, Kikukawa, Taihei, Hashimoto

Features of Japanese Woodworking Machines
4. Tools
exhibited by Kanefusa, …
also by other companies, involving from abroad

5. Machines for various woodworking• sawing, planning, boring, turning, sanding,• molding, routing,• jointing, adhesion, dowel, press,• edge-binding , laminating

Kanefsa corp.
Miyagawa Koki co,ltd.

Future prospect

1. Basic research on wood machining
cutting, sanding, sawing, peeling…
mechanics, machine tools…
efficiency, wear, surface quality…

2. Combination with Info. tech.
IT, IOT, SCM, AI…

3. “Sustainable”
environment, resource, safety, life, economics

6