★★★ ＜第36回知的財産翻訳検定試験【第19回和文英訳】＞ ★★★
≪１級課題 -バイオテクノロジー-≫【問 1】
The normal fetal position during the final stage of pregnancy is one in which
the fetal head is within the mother's lesser pelvic cavity and the trunk ispositioned in the maternal abdomen outside the pelvis. This is referred toas head presentation. However, apart from head presentation, it is said
that abnormal presentations, such as the breech position (a position in which
the fetal pelvis and buttocks are within the mother's lesser pelvic cavity),
occur at a ratio of three to five percent of all childbirths.
As is well-known, the fetus is supplied with nutrition and oxygen via theumbilical cord, which is about 50 cm long, originating from the placenta
attached to the inner side of the uterus and reaching the navel of the fetus.
The breech position accounts for the majority of abnormal presentations, andin vaginal breech delivery, the trunk is delivered (i.e., exits from the uterus
due to the force of delivery) first, and the head, having the maximum
diameter of the fetus, is delivered last. As such, after delivery of the trunk,it may take time for the maternal soft birth canal to dilate sufficiently andfor the head to be delivered. However, during such time, the umbilical cord,
which supplies nutrients and oxygen to the fetus, is squeezed between thematernal birth canal and the fetal head, and oxygen supply to the fetus isdisrupted.
【問 2】
The method of the present invention for increasing the content of amushroom component may further comprise carrying out stalk elongating
cultivation during cultivation of the fruiting body.
“Stalk elongating cultivation” is a method in which the part of the plant thatbecomes the stalk is wrapped with paper so that the stalk will grow tobecome elongated. In the case of mushrooms, the fruiting body is wrappedwith paper during cultivation of the fruiting body or during part of thecultivation period to prevent lateral spreading of the fruiting body and toallow the stipe to grow to become elongated. As for cultivation of enokitake
mushrooms, in general, stalk elongating cultivation is carried out. In thepresent invention, and during cultivation of bunashimeji mushrooms, whenthe free amino acid contents in the pileus and stipe were compared, it wasfound that the stipe had higher amino acid contents of ornithine, arginine,
aspartic acid and the like, which are involved in the ornithine cycle (Figure1). Further, growing the stipe longer to increase the contents of thoseamino acids was considered. In the present invention, stalk elongating
cultivation was also carried out for bunashimeji mushrooms, and the effects
on the components of the obtained mushrooms were examined.
【問 3】(Complementation experiments by genome editing)
Vectors were constructed, by which an NHEJ repair error is to be induced atthe 271st amino acid downstream of the VHIID motif (amino acids 228-232)
of SEQ ID No. 10 in Arabidopsis thaliana, and Arabidopsis (Col-0 strain) wastransformed by the floral dip method. Genome-edited individuals wereselected by RFP fluorescence and sequence reading. Then, from theprogeny of the selected individuals, null segregant individuals, in which themutant allele was homozygous and the vector had been removed, wereselected, and their seeds were collected. The seeds of these genome-editedlines and those of the wild-type (Col-0) control were sown aseptically on 1/2
MS medium and grown for 4 weeks under the conditions of 22°C and 10
hours of light period, and then the phenotypes were compared.
[0203]The genome-edited lines with fixed mutant alleles and the wild type lines
were seeded on the medium, and their phenotypes were compared after 4
weeks of cultivation. The results showed that the genome-edited lines hadlarger plant size compared to the wild type line (Fig. 4). This result is
consistent with the phenotype observed in high-yield Dutch tomatoes.
【問 4】
Claims:1.
An extraction method for preparing an extract from a peanut,comprising an extraction step of preparing the extract using water, ethanol
or a mixture thereof as an extraction solvent in accordance with an expected
physiologically active effect, wherein
the extract is an extract that promotes or inhibits the effect of thephysiological activity; andthe effect of the physiological activity comprises at least one selectedfrom a group consisting of an anti-dementia effect to alleviate or inhibit
dementia, motivation-increasing effect and sleep-improving effect.
2.
The extraction method according to claim 1, wherein in the extraction
step, the extract is prepared using water, ethanol, hexane, or a mixture
liquid thereof as the extraction solvent in accordance with the expected
physiologically active effect.
3.
The extraction method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the peanut
is a peanut with a thin skin.
4.
The extraction method according to claim 1, wherein the peanut is apeanut without a thin skin.
5.
The extraction method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein
the anti-dementia effect, the motivation-increasing effect and thesleep-improving effect are realized by gene expression of nerve growth factor,
and the extract prepared in the extraction step has an effect on the gene
expression of the nerve growth factor.