Vol.
small

of N.

these workers
coecusof N.

Workersleonardi

1971

1, January,
followedN.

nigrescens,and Labidus

wheeleri),1967).

andstone,

workers

44, No.

chemicalN.

opacithorax,

in the
from

the

103
trails depositedN.

pilosus,laboratorysamecolonyharrisialso=(

et al.,(Watkins,
werebystrongly

attracted to secretions deposited by a queen of N. nigrescens(Watkins
and Cole, 1966). On 10 June 1968, Watkins
observed a few workers of
N. leonardi traveling in a weak nocturnal raiding column of N. opaci
thoraxat Waco,McLennanCo.,

Texas.

LITERATURE CITED

-,
-,

-.

T.
1955. Die wanderameisen
der neotropischen
Borgmeier,(Hym. Formic
regionStud. Entomol.
idae).
(1)3:1-716.
W. M.
1926.
ants.
Some new Neotropical
33:97-107.
Mann,
Psyche1942.
The
ants of the UnitedStates belonging
to Eciton
Smith, M. R.
legionaryAmer. Midi.
Natur.
27:537-590.
subgenus Neivamyrmex
Borgmeier.
A new species of Neivamyrmex
1968.
FormicWatkins,J. F., II.
(Hymenoptera:from Louisiana.
Entomol.
Soc. 41:528-531.
idae)
J. Kansas
and T. W. Cole.
1966.
to secretionsof army ant workers
The attractionof their queens.
Texas
J. Sci. 18:254-265.
T. W. Cole and R. S. Baldridge.
1967.
studies on interspecies
Laboratory
trail following
and trail preferenceof armyants(Dorylinae).
J. Kansas
Entomol.
Soc. 40:146-151.
W. M.
A decade1903.
of Texan
Formicidae.
10:93-111.
Wheeler,
Psyche1915.
to the NorthSome
additions
Americanant-fauna.
Bull. Amer.
Mus. Natur.
34:389-421.
Hist.

NEW SPECIES OF CRANE FLIES FROMTROPICALAMERICA.
P.

Charles
Universityof Massachusetts,

VII1

Alexander
Amherst,

Mass.

01002

Abstractnew

Seven(Lipophleps)andfourdestitutus,

species of crane flies are described,
G.
(L.) platyphallus,
carsiostyla,
from(Eumicrotipula)
Brazil,TipulaGonomyia(Paralipophleps)
aitkeni,

three
and

from Panama,
GonomyiaG.
(L.)
spinolateralis;
Heliusbelemensis,(Helius)and G.
helotos.
(Lipophleps)

In the present report I am describing further eriopterine crane flies
from Panama,received from my friend and former student, Lt. Col.
Gordon Field, together with further materials
from Belem, Para, Brazil,collected by my long-time friend, Dr. Thomas H. G. Aitken of theBelem Virus Laboratory of the Instituto Evandro Chagas.
I am deeply
1
Diptera:
Journalof

Tipulidae.
theKansas

Accepted
Entomologicalfor publication
SocietyJuly30,

44:103-110.

1970.
January,

1971.

104

of

JournaltheEntomologicalKansasSocietyindebted to Drs. Field and Aitken for the privilege of retaining the types
are ofof the novelties
in my personal collection. The latter materialsAof collection.
somewhat special interest because of their method
letter from Dr. Aitken explains this.
the so-called Disney
past year we have been using
traps to collect phlebais merelyThis
R. H. L., Bull. Ent. Res.,
1966).
(see Disney,
56:445;a caged bait animal
inserted
in a square
treatedaluminumtray withare operating
15 centimeters
above
in the center of the tray. We
these
openingother
the forest
to the phlebotomines
floor. Additional
the traps catch numerous
some interestingfrom the oil
Theinsects are removed
includinginsects,
tipulids.
havea few drops
to which
into a Petri dish of salineof Teepol( a detergent). . . Thearea
to alcohol.
after which
been added,
collecting
they are transferredon the propertyof the agri
is secondary
forestshaded,(Cato Forest),
denselye Experimentacao
de Pesquisas
cultural
IPEAN
Agropecuarias(Instituto
institute,of the city of Belem.
The
do Norte)only
traps operate
just on the outskirts
from late afternoon
until about 7:30 a.m."overnight,"Thisotomines
castor-oil

The Disney
andtrap materials were collected between February
The
April, 1970, and include an unusual variety of species of Tipulidae.
to the Limoniinae,of these are small flies belonging
great majority
one of whichwith only two representativesof the Tipulinae,
is described at this time. It is of further interest that a considerable pro
portion of the materials are females with only a few species being rep
resented by males,
the most conspicuous being Polymera(Polymera)wascompleted,afrom April
collected
second shipment with materials
1970 was received from Dr. Aitken, and will be studied

throughlater.

June

pulchricornis

Alexander.

After

the

presentpaper

new species
belemensis,
dark brown
Mesonotal
praescutum
yellow with three conspicuous
the postnotal
stripes, pleura yellow, patterned with brown, especiallykatapleurotergite;
legs black, femora with a yellow subterminal ring;by darker, cell C
variegatedwhitened,wings without macrotrichia,
uniformly darkened except at outer end.
Female.
Length about 10.0 mm; wing 9.5 mm.
from alcoholic material.
Head with frontal prolongation
Described
and palpi brown. Antennae with scape and pedicel brown, flagellum
Tipulapaler.

Head(Eumicrotipula)brown.

Pronotum brownish yellow. Mesonotal
praescutum obscure yellow
laterally, disk with three conspicuous dark brown stripes, lateral pairshort, interspaces narrow; scutum yellow, each lobe with a single large
brown area, scutellum light yellow with a narrow pale brown central
brownish yellow, anapleurotergite
line; postnotum with mediotergite
conspicuously dark brown. Pleura yellow, patyellow, katapleurotergite
terned with brown, including anterior anepisternum
and more con
andventralmeron, dorsopleural
sternopleurite
region clear
spicuously
yellow. Halteres with stem yellow, knob brown. Legs with coxae yellow, restrictedly patterned with pale brown, trochanters yellow; femora

Vol.

44, No.

1971

1, January,105

with extreme base yellowed, proximal half brown, outer end black with abroad light yellow subterminal ring slightly narrower than the blackened
apex; tibiae and tarsi uniformly black. Wings with ground whitened,withpatterned

conspicuously

anddarkerbrown,

more

extensive

along

costal border, including all of cell C excepting outer end; cell Sc yel
lowed, with four brown areas slightly less extensive than pale yellow
ground; remaining brown pattern paler, involving all cells, slightly lessextensive than ground; darkenings before cord including anterior prearcular field, a postarcular area in bases of cells R and M, and slightinto cell R; paler brown washes inextensions of subcostal darkenings
all other cells before cord, beyond latter the color darker, especially inradial field and along medial veins beyond cell 1st M2; veins in groundareas yellow, darker in patterned parts. Macrotrichia
of wing veins
Ri+2 atrophied;relatively short; no trichia in wing cells. Venation:ofpetiolecell M\

about

twice

distal section of Cu?.
Abdomen brown, variegated
of

ders

m-cu

m;

very

about

oblique,includingby yellow,

two-thirdsbor

the posterior

segments.

Holotype,
female, in alcohol, Catu Forest, Belem, Para, Brazil, in
1970 (Aitken).
Disney trap, March,
Of the approximately
25 small-sized known species of the subgenus,
the present fly ismost similar to Tipula (Eumicrotipula)legitima Alex
The latter species has the wing pattern much lessander, of Paraguay.
contrasted and the trichia of the wing veins unusuallylong.
HeliusThoraxandyellow(Helius)brown;

new species

destitutus,
legs

extremeyellow,tips

offemoradark

ened; wings yellowish
restrictedly patterned with brown;subhyaline,
base of Rs and outer end of vein R2+s atrophied; abdominal segments
brown, apices broadly yellowed.
Female.

about

Length

5.5 mm;

4.5

wing

mm.

on slide in Canada balsam. Rostrum
Type mounted
yellow, only
about half length of remainder of head and shorter than yellowed palpi.
Antennae brownish yellow, short, only slightly longer than head; prox
imal flagellar segments nearly globular, outer ones progressively
longer,terminal segment slender, slightly exceeding
the penultimate.
Headbrown.

Pronotum yellow. Thoracic
dorsum yellowed anteriorly,
scutellum
and postnotum brown. Pleura yellow below, more infuscated dorsally.
remainder of legs yellow, ex
Legs with coxae and trochanters yellow;
treme tips of femora darkened. Wings yellowish subhyaline, restrictedly
patterned with brown, including darker stigma and pale brown seams
at cord and in basal half of the cell Cu; veins yellow, slightly darker
in the clouded areas. Venation:
Anterior branch of Rs (R2+s) atrophiedbeneathstigma,larly atrophied;

spurremaining

about

inner end of cell

as

long

1st M2asr-m,arcuated,

base

basal

of Rs

simi

section

of

106

of

Journal

about

M1+2

one-halftheKansaslongerthan

EntomologicalsecondSocietym-cu

section;shortlybeyondfork ofM.
Abdominal
segments bicolored, brown, apices yellow, more exten
sively so on outer segments. Ovipositor with cerci very long and slender, subequal in length to stouter straight hypovalvae.
inHolotype,
female, on slide, Catu Forest, Belem, Para, Brazil,
Disney trap, April, 1970 (Aitken).
In its general appearance
the present fly is most similar to Helius
in details of coloration,
rubicundus(Helius)differing(Alexander),especially of the abdomen, and in the venation, as described. This venation appears to be normal since the described condition is virtuallythesame on both wings of the type.
Gonomyia(Paralipophleps)
aitkeni, new speciesfeatures as in pleuralis and allies, structure of male hypopygium entirely distinct; phallosome with each gonapophysis
unequally
bispinous,
including a long outer spine and a shorter, more basal one;ventral plate consisting of two separate blades, each with the innerapical angle produced into an acute blackened spine.
GeneralMale.

5.0-5.5

about

Lengthmm;wing

3.2-3.5mm.

Female.

Length about 5.0 mm; wing about 3.5 mm.
on slides in Canada balsam. Rostrum
and palpi
Types mounted
brown. Antennae of male with scape and pedicel light brown, the latter
two flagellar segments
remainder
very large; proximal
light yellow,
dark brown; flagellar verticils excessively
long, the longest from morethan one-third to nearly one-half the entire flagellum; in female verticils
shorter but comparatively
long for this sex. Head brown.
Prothorax brown. Mesonotum
anteriorly chiefly brownish yellow,
behind patterned with darker brown. Pleura brown with a broad con
spicuous whitened
longitudinal
stripe, with subtending narrow darker
lines. Halteresfore coxae pale basally,withtips brown,
pale. Legs
remaining coxae darkened basally, paler at tips, trochanters brown;
remainder of legs brownish black. Wings
stigma oval, dark
yellow,brown;

narrowbut

evident

paler

brown

seams

over

cord

and

outer

end

of cell 1st M2,
the color including veins, remaining veins yellowed.
Venation:Sc1 ending a short distance before origin of Rs; m-cu shortly
before fork ofM.
Proximal abdominal
outer segtergites brown, darker posteriorly,
ments

paler

on

centralparts;

sternites

pale,

posteriorborders

narrowly

but conspicuously
brownish yellow. Male hypobrown; hypopygium
pygium with apical lobe of basistyle short-oval, with very long setae;
inner spine of style single, sometimes appearing unequally bifid by anarrow apical split. Dististylesubquadrate, with a small blackened
spine, inner apical angle with the usual two fasciculate setae. Phallosome with aedeagus extended
terminal spine; gon
into a blackened
a long outereachincluding
distinctive,
unequally
bispinous,
apophyses

Vol.

44, No.

107

1971

1, January,spine from a long yellow base and a shorter spine more cephalad in
the inner
ventral plate consisting of two separate blades;
position;
apicalofangle

Holotype,

each

producedon slide,

male,

into
Catu

an

acute

blackened

Forest,spine.
Para,

Belem,in DisBrazil,ney trap, April, 1970 (Aitken).
female, on slide. Para
Allotopotype,1970.
topotypes, males and females, on slides, February-April,
I take pleasure in dedicating this particularly distinct species to Dr.
student of the virus transmission of diseases by
Aitken, distinguishedarthropods, especially in the American tropics. This is the most distinctof the approximately
twenty species of the subgenus so far discovered,the male hypopygium being entirely different from all others.
new species
Gonomyia(Lipophleps) carsiostyla,
to the manca group; size small (wing of male 3.3 mm);
Belongs
mesonotal praescutum dark gray, patterned with yellow, posterior scle
rites of notum and the pleura extensively yellowed; male hypopygiumwith dististyle terminal, very small, slightly broader than long, unarmed
for setae; aedeagus
exceptvery
spinoid gon
long, no developed
genital chamber with a large semicircular yellow cushion
apophyses;
provided
Male.

with

very

Lengthnumerous
about

Rostrumsetae.

strong
3.5

mm;

black.

mm.

3.3

wing

Antennaewith scape light yellow,
yellow, palpi
enlarged pedicel black;segments
flagellum black,long-cylindrical,
verticils very long. Head gray.
Pronotumand pretergites
alpraescutum
light yellow. Mesonotal
most uniformly dark gray, humeral region very restrictedly
yellow;
scutal lobes dark gray, narrowly yellowed behind, central region pale;scutellum blackened basally, broadly yellow behind; postnotum yellow,
brown. Pleura yellow, episternum, meron,posterior half of mediotergite
and ventral half of sternopleurite
light gray. Halteres with stem yellow, knob weakly darkened. Legs with coxae yellowed, fore pair darker;
trochantersobscureyellow;remainderofslightly

darker,prearcularbrown,

stigmavery

yellow;veins

brown.

tance

beforeoriginVenation:of Rs

subequallegs

Sc relatively
to vein

Set;

dark

brown.

Wings

andcostalregions

light

long, Sc? ending

a dis

m-cu

close

to

fork

pale

of M.

Abdominal
tergites medium brown, sternites and hypopygium
yellow. Male
with basistyle
hypopygium
long and slender; dististyle
greatly reduced in size, slightly broader than long, terminal; fasciculate
setae slightly unequal, considerably
longer than style, normal setae
about six in number. Aedeagus very long, narrowed gradually
into aachamberwithlong spine; no developed spinoid gonapophyses;
genitallarge semicircular yellow cushion, provided with very numerous strong
setae.

Holotype, male, Fort Gulick, Panama, January
19, 1954 (Gordon
Field).
The species of the subgenus assigned to the manca group have the108

dististyle
Theof

Journaltheof the hypopygium

numerous

speciesareEntomologicalKansasterminal
chiefly

Societyunarmed.

and entirelyin position

are

and

Americantropicalfrom one another almost entirely on hypopygial
structures.
fly and Gonomyia
Alexander,(Lipophleps) minutistyla
show the greatest reduction in size of the dististyle.

separated

The presentof Grenada,

new species
Gonomyia(Lipophleps) helotos,
General coloration brown, pleura patterned with paler; wings faintly
withtinged with brown, stigma slightly darker; male hypopygium
elonlobe with conspicuous
setae; dististylebasistylelong-produced,
in a powerful blackened
gate, terminating
spine or claw; phallosome
with the two developed gonapophyses
shorter than slender aedeagus.
Male.
Length about 3.5 mm; wing 3.0 mm.
and palpi
on slide in Canada balsam.
Rostrum
Type mounted
abundant
withbrown. Antennae
brown; flagellar segments elongate,erect setae, the longest subequal to segments. Head dark brown, paler
anteriorly.
Pronotumpalebrown.

Mesonotum

chieflydarkbrown,

pleuravar

iegated brown and paler. Haltereslight brown. Legs with coxae andremainder of legs broken. Wings
trochanters brown;
faintly tinged
with brown, stigma only vaguely darker; veins pale brown. Venation:
Sc relatively long, Sc? ending a short distance before origin of Rs, Sc2slightly removed; m-cu shortly before fork ofM.
brownish
Abdominal
tergites brown, sternites pale; hypopygium
the
Male
with
yellow.
long-produced apically,basistylehypopygium
lobe subequal in length to body of style, with long setae, those at andnear apex very long. Dististylesimilar on the two sides,
distinctive,
elongate, at apex with a powerful blackened spine or claw from a basal
puncture;outermostusual

ventralorposterior

longerfasciculateandstronger,characteristic

aedeagus

long

pair
and
slender,withofmargin

style

with

subgenus.

two

apophyses,

pale

few

representing

apparentlyof thissetae,
oneof

Phallosometheshorter

the
the
with
one

narrowly darkened at apex, longer apophysis narrowed gradually to apoint; body of phallosome with setae, more numerous but smaller near
outer

end.

Holotype, male, on slide, Catu Forest, Belem, Para, Brazil, in Dis
ney trap, March, 1970 (Aitken).
Several Neotropical
species resemble and are allied to the present fly,
tribulator
the most similar being the larger Gonomyia(Lipophleps)of Peru, differing in details of the male hypopygium,
par
Alexander,
ticularly the dististyle and phallosome. Other less similar species include
the following: G. (L.) dotata Alexander, Peru; G. (L.) lustralis Alex
G. (L.)
ander, Costa Rica; G. (L.) mecophallus Alexander, Honduras;
and G. (L.) secespita
pedica Alexander, G. (L.) petronis Alexander,
all of southeastern Brazil, and G. (L.) subtribulator Alex
Alexander,
ander

and

G.

(L.)

tersa

Alexander,of Peru.

Vol.

44, No.

109

1971

1, January,

new species
Gonomyia(Lipophleps) platyphallus,of thorax light brown,
to the manca
group; coloration
Belongs
pleura striped longitudinally with light yellow; legs brown; wings lightwith dististyleindicated; male hypopygium
brown, stigma scarcely
terminal,very

aedeagus

unarmed;stout,

apex

sinuous,into

dilatedablade.

subtriangular
Male.
Length about 3.5 mm; wing 3.5 mm.
darkened.
Rostrum
light yellow, mouthpartsand pedicel brown;
flagellum of type broken.
vertexanteriorly,
posterior
andPronotum

Antennae with scape
Head obscure yellow

brown.
Mesonotum

whitened.

pretergites

almostuniformly

especiallylight brown, including scutellum; postnotum more yellowed,
Pleura light brown with a narrow longitudinal very lightpleurotergite.
theregion similarly light yellow,
yellow ventral stripe, dorsopleuralstem light
Haltereswithbehind with pleurotergite.
color merging
brown, base yellow, knob weakly darkened. Legs with coxae and tro
remainder brown. Wings
chanters yellowed,
stigmalight brown,
veins
scarcely indicated, prearcular and costal fields more yellowed;
brown. Venation:
Sci ending some distance before origin of Rs, thedistance slightly exceeding Sex) m-cu close to fork of M.
Abdominal
tergites light brown, narrowly yellowed laterally, sternites
and hypopygium more yellowish brown. Male hypopygium with basistyle moderately
long. Dististylesmall, terminal, subcorneal, broadest
at base,normal
face

a

at

apex
setae

very

base.

Aedeagus

subtriangularrounded;
score
of

setae

fasciculate

obtuse;onesubapical

andstout,

sinuous,

twistedits upper

point

acute,

ofaedeagus

very

blade,

snorter

apical,being

sparse,setiferous

cushionsetigerous

punctures;

at

base
no

development

than

about
near

with
spinous

the

tip,

apex

lower parthyaline,ofthestyle,
on mesal

four

about

only

a

apophyses.

Tergite with conspicuous setal brushes on either side.
2,000 feet, December
Holotype, male, El Valle, Panama,
22, 1953(Gordon Field).
Other regional members of the manca group of the subgenus havetheaedeagus

slender,point, not expanded

gradually

narrowed

as in the present

outwardly

to a usually

acute

fly.

new species
Gonomyia(Lipophleps) spinolateralis,
3
of
male
thoracic dorsum light brown,
Size small (wingmm);
patterned with yellow behind, pleura chiefly pale, more yellowish brownventrally; wings light brown, stigma scarcely indicated; male hypopyg
ium with outer apical angle of basistyle produced into a powerful spine
to acute tip; dististyle
narrowing
fleshy, before the two fasciculate
setae on outer margin with a very stout blackened
spine; aedeagus
elongate.

Male.

Lengthabout 3mm; wing 3mm.

110

of

JournaltheKansasEntomologicalSociety

Rostrum pale yellow, palpi black. Antennae with scape and pedicel
brownish black; flagellum of type broken. Head in front light yellow,
dark brown behind.
and pretergites
Pronotum
Mesonotal
praescutum
lightyellowed.
scutum yellow medially,
lobes lightbrown, slightly darker anteriorly;
brown; scutellum behind broadly yellowed, base darkened, parascutellalight brown, pleurotergite
yellowed.
yellow;
postnotal mediotergite
Pleura chiefly pale yellow, more yellowish brown beneath, anepisternum
very slightly clouded with darker. Haltereslight brown, base of stem
coxae
with
fore
yellow,pair slightly darker; trochanters
yellow. Legs
light brown, stigma scarcely
yellow; remainder of legs broken. Wings
indicated, prearcular and costal fields light yellow; veins brown. Vena
tion: Sc short, Sc? ending before origin of Rs a distance slightly greaterthan vein Sc?; m-cu close to fork ofM.
sternites
and hypopygium
Abdominal
yellowed.
tergites brown,
Male hypopygium with outer apical angle of basistyle produced into a
powerful spine narrowing gradually to acute tip, the spine subequal infleshy, before apex on outer margin
length to body of style. Dististylewith a very stout blackened spine, short apical part of style with two
very

stout

fasciculate

setae.

Aedeagus

with

base

remainder

dilated,elongate(outer end broken). No apparent spinoid apophyses.
withconspicuous setal brushes on either side.
gite
male, Fort Clayton, Panama, December
Holotype,
7, 1953
don Field).
Among

the

very

numerous

Neotropical

species

of

the

Ter
(Gor

subgenus

Lipophleps Bergroth, there are only about six that have the male hypointo a powerful spine as in the
pygium with the basistyle produced
are
These
Gonomyia(Lipophleps)
impedita Alex
speciespresent fly.
ander, Mexico; G. (L.) macintyrei Alexander, Ecuador; G. (L.) misera
G. (L.) ta
G. (L.) reyesi Alexander, Mexico;
Alexander, Argentina;
and G. (L.) troilus Alexander, Peru. The
fiensis Alexander, Argentina;
most similar of these species is impedita, which differs in the structure
The spine or blade of the basistyleof the dististyle and phallosome.
differs in conformation in all species listed.