受験番号：32IPE030

Q1[Claim 1]
A cardiothoracic ratio calculation device for calculating a
cardiothoracic ratio based on a chest radiograph, comprising:a measurement-position estimation unit that estimates a lung'sright end position, a lung's left end position, a heart's right end position,
and a heart's left end position in the chest radiograph; anda cardiothoracic ratio calculation unit that calculates a
cardiothoracic ratio based on the lung's right end position, the lung'sleft end position, the heart's right end position, and the heart's left end
position that are estimated, wherein
the measurement-position estimation unit divides the chest
radiograph into a plurality of horizontal regions and, for each of thehorizontal regions, detects a lung's right end candidate and a lung'sleft end candidate based on pixel values and detects a heart's right end
candidate and a heart's left end candidate based on differential valuesof the pixel values in a horizontal direction, andthe measurement-position estimation unit further extracts aspecific one of the horizontal regions based on a distance between alung's middle point determined by the lung's right end candidate andthe lung's left end candidate and a heart's middle point determined by
the heart's right end candidate and the heart's left end candidate or aratio of the distance to a lung width determined by the lung's right end
candidate and the lung's left end candidate, and estimates a lung's
right end candidate, a lung's left end candidate, a heart's right end
candidate, and a heart's left end candidate in the extracted horizontal
region as the lung's right end position, the lung's left end position, theheart's right end position, and the heart's left end position.
[Claim 2]
The cardiothoracic ratio calculation device according to claim 1,
wherein, assuming that the pixel values are higher as X-ray
transparency is higher, the measurement-position estimation unit
detects a position of a lowest pixel value within a predetermined range

from a right end of the each of the horizontal regions as the lung's rightend candidate, anddetects a position of a lowest pixel value within a predeterminedrange from a left end of the each of the horizontal regions as the lung'sleft end candidate.
[Claim 3]
The cardiothoracic ratio calculation device according to claim 1
or 2, wherein the measurement-position estimation unit detects a
position of a largest differential value in a negative direction between
the lung's right end candidate and the lung's left end candidate in theeach of the horizontal regions as the heart's right end candidate, anddetects a position of a largest differential value in a positive
direction between the lung's right end candidate and the lung's left end
candidate in the each of the horizontal regions as the heart's left end
candidate.
Q2
There is conventionally known technology called blockchain.
This technology is a scheme of synchronizing the same record amonga large number of nodes on a network. When a new record is added
to the existing records, a block that is a unit of record takes over thecontent of a preceding block (a hash) and is sequentially added in achainlike manner. For this reason, this technology is called blockchain.
In general, the term blockchain refers to the structure of a database inwhich blocks are linked in a chainlike manner. However, this term may
be used in a broad sense, for example, to cover a scheme of operating
as a P2P network or a scheme of approving transactions, and thedefinition of this term is not determined at this time. Accordingly, inthe present specification, "blockchain" is used in the former, narrow
sense and "blockchain technology" is used in the latter, broad sense inorder to avoid confusion between them.
Since blockchain technology has many advantages of zero downtime, difficulty of falsification, and low cost, for example, it is beginning
to attract attention not only in virtual currencies including Bitcoin andcurrencies derived therefrom but also as a method of managing

information related to various assets as transactions. For example,Non-Patent Document 1 describes use of blockchain, which can havean important role for establishing reliability, for proof of existence ofvarious documents and proof of identity.
Blockchain technology mainly includes a public node method
and a private node method. The public node method is a method inwhich anyone can participate as a node on a network. Meanwhile, theprivate node method is a method in which only an authorized person
can participate as a node on a network.
Q3<When backfire occurs>
In the burner 100, when backfire R enters from the burnerelement 15, the thermally expandable member 22 is caused tothermally expand toward the inner circumferential side by heat of thebackfire R, thereby forming a thermally expandable member 222 withthe opening 22H blocked.
Consequently, the opening 22H of the thermally expandable
member 222 (22) is blocked, and thus heat of the backfire R and theultraviolet rays L emitted from the flame F produced by the burnerelement 15 are prevented from reaching the flame detection sensor 23.
In the present embodiment, for example, a controller (notshown) is configured to determine that the burner 100 is burningnormally when the flame detection sensor 23 is detecting theultraviolet rays L, and determine that backfire or misfire occurs when
the amount of the ultraviolet rays L detected by the flame detection
sensor 23 is equal to or less than a set threshold (a case where theamount is zero is also included).
As a result, when misfire of the burner 100 occurs and theultraviolet rays L are no longer emitted, when the thermally expandable
member 22 thermally expands and the flame detection sensor 23 stops
detecting the ultraviolet rays L as shown in FIG. 3(B), and when thedetected amount of the ultraviolet rays L is equal to or less than thethreshold, it is determined that misfire or backfire occurs in the burner100.