570
Reprinted from ANxeLS oF rHE ENronolocrc,r,r.SocrBrv cr AupRrc.r
Vol. XXXIX, No. 1, March, 1946

ST{IDIES ON THE CRANE-FLIES OF MEXICO

Prnr VIII'(OrderDiptera,SuperfamilyTipuloidea)
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER
Amherst, Massachusetts

In the present report I am describing various interesting crane-flies
from Mexico, almost all received from my long-time friend and colleague, Dr. Alfons M. Dampf. These rich materials were chiefly captured by Dr. Dampf, with the assistanceof certain of his co-workers
and inspectors, as didcussedunder the individual species. I am very
deeply obliged to Dr. Dampf for the privilege of retaining the typespecimensof these novelties in my personal collection.

Tipula Linnaeus
Tipula (Trichotipula)religiosasp. n.
General coloration of thorax opaque reddish brown, the praescutal
stripes poorly differentiated against the ground; antennae with basal
three segments yellow, the outer flagellar segments uniformly darkbrown, with poorly defined basal enlargements; knobs of halteres darkbrown; femora and tibiae yellow, their tips narrorvly darkened; wings
brownish yellow, the prearcular and costal fields, with vein Cu, lightyellow; stigma pale brown; macrotrichia of outer cells of rving sparse;
Scz ending about opposite midlength of -Rs, Scr weakly preserved; mand petiole of cell Mr subequal; abdomen vellow, the tergites with abrown median stripe; subterminal segments darkened; male hypopygium with the beak of the inner dististyle elongate, its apex obliquely
truncate; lower beak well developed, separated from the beak by abroad U-shaped emargination
Male.-Length about 14 mm.; wing, 13 mm.; antennaabout ?.8 mm.
Female.-Length about 16 mm.; wing 14 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head brown to brownish yellow; nasus
elongate; palpi brown. Antennae with basal three segments yellow;
succeedingtwo or three segments brown, the outer ones dark brown;
ffagellar segments with basal enlargements poorly developed; verticils
a little shorter than the segments. HeaC with center of vertex brownish gray, the front and ortits grayish white; vertical tubercle low, entire.
Pronotum brown, sparsely pruinose. Mesonotum opaque reddish
brown, the praescututal stripes very poorly differentiated against the
ground; intermediate stripes separateCby a narrow to capillary darker
brown median vitta, longer and heavier in female. Pleura and pleurotergite more testaceousyellow, sparsely pruinose; dorsopleural memrThe preceding part under this general title appeared in these Arr.us (Vol.
XXXIII,
140-161, 1940). Contribution fronr the Iintomological Laboratorv,
MassachusettsState College.
119

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Societyof Americo,[Vol. XXXIX
Annals Entomologicalbrane buffy yellow. Halteres with stem brown, narTowly more yellowed at base, knob dark brown. Legs \Mith the coxae testaceous,sparsely pruinose; trochanters yellow; femora and tibiae_yellow, thetips nirr6wly and weakly darkened; tarsi passing__intoblack; claws(male) tooth-ed. Wings wittr a strong brownish yellow sufiusion, theprearcular and costal fields clear light yellow; stigma pale.brown, aiittt. darker than the ground; obliterative areas before stigma andacross ce1l /sl M2; veins brown, the veins in the prearcular and costal
fields, as well as Ca, yellow. Sparse macrotrichia in stigml and incells Rs to Ma, inclusive, somewhat more abundant in male. Venation:
Scz ending about opposite midlength of Rs, Scr weakly preserved; Rs
relatively-long, obliquei fir+z entire; inner end of ce1l /sl l[2 pointed,
lying baiad oicell ftu; Mr+' short, subequal -to r-m; m a1d petiole ofiell-Mrsubequali m-cu on Mq shortly beyond the perpendicular otigil.
Abdominil tergites yellow, the seiond and succeedingsegmentswith
a brown median stiipe, itigtrtty more intermpted on the narrow glabrousbasal rings; sternitea yellow; subterminal segments more infuscated toform a irore or less distinct subterminal titg; hypopygium yellow.
Male hypopygium with the caudal margin of tergite with a. deep
V-shaped nbiJh, the broad lateral lobes obtusely rounded; notch andmesal edge of lobes margined with retrorse blackened spinous setae.
Outer diitistyle dusky, moderately broad, the tip obtuse. Inner
rvitli the beak elongate, its apex obliquely truncate, the lower
dististyle-more
acute and blacfened; lower beak widely _separatedfrom
angle
thJ beak by a broad U-shaped emargination, blackened and continued
across the iace of style as a narrow flange; face of style near this produced portion with a small darkened lobe; dorsal crest of style withnumerous relatively short black spinous setae and abundant erect longyellowbristles.
'H.tsrrAr: Mexico D. F., 1921 (receivedthrough an exchangewith
Dr. William G. Dietz). Holotyfe & and Allotype 9.
The only near regional alljr-is Tipula (Trichotipula) ,aplectaAlexander, whiih is entirely diffeient in the coloration of the body andwings, and, especially, in the stmcture of the male hypopygium, particularly the very reduced inner dististyle.

Limonia Meigen'
Limonia (Limonia)tragicasp. n.
General coloration black, including most of the thoracic notum andpleura; anterior vertex reduced to a narrow strip; halteres black, thebur" of stem restrictedly pale; wings with a brownish tinge, conspicuouqly
patterned with dark biown; Scr ending about opposite three-fourths the
iength of Rs which is square at origini cell lst Mz longer !h"l vein M42
beltnd it; m-cu close to fork of . M, longer than the distal section of
Cq: abdomenblack.
Female.-Length about 8 mm.; wing, 8.5 mm.
Rostmm and palpi black. Antennae with scape and ped-icelblack;flagellum broken. Head black, sparsely pruinose; anterior vertex
redlced to a linear strip, at narrowest point only about as wide as tworows of ommatidia.

1e46lAlexander: Crane-Fliesof fufexico

r2lPronotum broken. Mesonotal praescutum chiefly blackened, thecentral portion more reddish or piceous but not forming an evident:.tlpe; lateral pretergites_and margin of praescutum conspicuously
ligh-t yellow.; scutal lobes blackened, the centers slightly more grayish;
median region of scutum narrowly more yellow pollinose; scuteiludark, brownish yellow pollinose; mediotergite with-the central portion
EIay pruinose, _the cephalic lateral angles restrictedly obscure yellow;
pleurotergite black, sparsely pminose. Pleura almolt entirely- black,with a slightly paler ventral stripe that extends from behind ihe fore
coxaeto the pteropleurite. Halteres black, the baseof stem restrictedlv
pale-. I4Ss-with the fore and middle coxae darkened basally, the tipi
reddened, the posterior coxae more uniformly-Witrgs
reddened; tiochantersreddish _yellow; remainder of legs broken.
rela[ively broad,with a brownish tinge, especially in the basal and costal poitions; aconspicuous dark brown pattern, as follows: Origin of Rs; lork of Sc;
the short-oval stigma;seams over cord and outer end of cell lst Mz; outerradial field, especially the outer ends of cells Rz and R3; cells Rr'to Ms
less evidently darkened before their outer ends, the tips pale; more orless distinct seams to some of the veins, including Cu;-veins brown,
Sc and .R palgr. No stigmal trichia. Venation: ,Sc, ending about
opposite three-fourths Rs, Sczat tip; Rs square at origin; Rz and Rr+z
in transverse alignment; inner end of cell /sl Mz arcuated; cell 1st Mz
longer than vein Myy2beyond it; m-cu closeto fork of M, about one-third
longer than the distal section of.Cur; celt ?nd A relatively wide.
Abdomen black, the caudal borders of the intermediate sternites
narrowly obscure yellow; eighth sternite obscure yellow, more or lessdarkened medially at base. Genital shield of ovipositor dark brown;
cerci slender, upcurved to the acute tips; hypovalvae strong, blackened
basally.
Hnsrrar: Mexico (chiapas). Holotype, g, Finca Prusia, altitudeL,250meters, December4, Ig32 (A. M. Dampf); M. F. 2889.
This very distinct species is readily told from the most similar
regional forms, such as Limonia (Limonia) caribaea Alexander, L. (L.)
horrendaAlexander, and L. (L.) hyperphallus Alexander,by- the colorat_i9nof the body and the pattern and venation of the wings. All of theseflies have conspicuouslypatterned wings but with no dark areasbasad ofthe level of the origin of the cord.

Dicranota Zetterstedt
Dicranota(Rhaphidolabis)
mexicanasp. n.
General coloration gray, the praescutum with three conspicuous
dark brown stripes; antennae l3-segmented, black throughout; haltereswith knobs dark brown; legs dark brown; wings subhyaline, with aconspicuousdark brown stigma; veins beyond cord of unusual length,
the distal section of Ru subequal to or longer than Scr; abdominal
tergites dqrk reddish brown, the sternites more pruinose; male hypopyglum with the lateral tergal arrns appearing as relatively slenderglabrous blades; apical lobe of basistyle and the outer dististyle withconspicuous blackened spines; gonaphyses unusually brobd andexpanded.

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Annals Entomolog'ical
Soc,ietyol America [Vol. XXXIX,

Male.-Length about,6 mm.; wing, 7 mm.
Female.-Length about 6.5 mm.; wing, 7.5 mm.
Rostrum gray;palpi black. Antennae l3-segmented,black throughout; flagellar segmentsoval, the first about one-third longer than thesecond. Head brownish gray, clearer gray behind.
Pronotum groy, broadly but weakly infuscated medially. Mesonotal
praescutumgray, with three conspicuousdark brown stripes,the median
one broad and conspicuous,the laterals narrow and poorly indicated;posterior sclerites of notum gray, the centers of the scutal lobes only
slightly darkened; thorax unusually high and gibbous, especially thepraescutum. Pleura light gray, variegated with darker gray. Haltereswith stem yellow, knob dark brow_n. L"gr with the coxae reddish,gray pruinose; trochanters brownish yellow; remainder of legs darkbrown. Wings subhyaline, the extreme base more yellowed; stigmaoval, dark brown, conspicuous;veins dark brown, those at wing basemore brightened. \renation: Rs gently arcuatedi Rz+a+npreserved,
exceedingr-m; veins beyond cord of unusual length, the distal sectionof R' subequalto or longer than Scr; cell M1 present.
Abdominal tergites dark reddish brown, unpatterned; sternites andouter tergites more pruinose; cerci elongate, yellowish horn color,
restrictedly darkened basally. Male hypopygium with the mediantergal lobe entire, moderately broad, its apex obtuse, provided with
about a score of strong spinous setae; lateral tergal arms appearing as
long, relatively slender,glabrous blades,very gradually narrowed to thestout subacute tips. Interbases appearing as shorter and broader
flattened glabrous blades, the apex truncated, the lateral angle produced into a short strong spinous point. Basistyle with a group oflong conspicuoussetae on mesal face; apical lobe of basistyle relatively
short and stout, provided with about a scoreof blackenedspines. Outerdististyle expanded outwardly, the obliquely truncated apex provided
with more than 30 blackened spines. Inner dististyle longer than theouter, the basal half broad, the distal portion much narrower, its apex
obtuse; surface of style with numerous setae of various lengths. Phallosome with the gonapophysesunusually broad and expanded, themargins rounded, the surface with abundant delicate setulae.
HesrrA,r: Mexico (Mexico State and Federal District). Holotype,6/, Dos Rios, Mexico State, altitude 2,500meters,April 20, lg37 (A. M.
Dampf); M. B. 222. -4llotype, 9 , Desierta de los leones,Federal District, March 29, 1925(4. M. Dampf); M. F. 520.
The closest described relative of the' present fly appears to be
Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) neomericana (Alexander), of the southernand central Rocky Mountains. The present fly has the wings longer
and narrower, especiallythe veins and cells beyond the cord, and withthe praescutum conspicuously trivittate with dark brown. The
structure of the male hypopygium is entirely different in the tu'o species.
This is the first record of occurrenceof the subgenusin America southof the Mexican border.
Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) rostrifera sp. n.
General coloration dark gray; wings subhyaline, the stigma medium
browni Rr+s+rdistinct, at least one-half longer than the basal section

1e461

Ale:cander:Crane-Fliesof .\Iexico

r23

of ,Ru; male hypopygium with the lateral tergal arrns appearing as
glabrous lla,des that narrow to a terminal spine; interbaseappearingas
a flattened blade that is expandedoutwardly and here producedlateradinto a beaklike spine, the apex of the blade with microscopicsetulae;
gonapophysesnarrorv, with from six to eight pale oval punctures
before apex.
Male.-Length about 5.8-Omm.; wing, 6.5-7 mm.
Female.-Length about 6.8 -7 mm.; wing, 7.5-7.8 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae l2-segmented,black throughout; flagellar segments oval, the terminal one about one-half longer
than the penultimate. Head above dark gray.
Thorax light gray, the praescutum with three brown stripes, themedian one broad; centers of scutal lobes darkened. Halteies withstem obscure yellow, knob darkened. L.gs with the coxae gray; trochanters brown; remainder of legs dark brown, the tarsi a liftle paler.
Wings subhyaline, the stigma medium brown, relatively distinct; veinsbrown. Venation: Rs arcuated; Rz+s+a
distinct, variable in length but
at least one-half longer than basal section of -Ru,in casesup to threetimes as long, l?r+sand Rz subequal in length or the latter longer; cell
Mr usually present, lacking in the paratype; n -cu from one-third to
one-fourth its length beyond the fork oI M.
Abdomen dark brown, the sternites somewhat brightened; hypopygium dark brown. Male hypopygium with the median region of
tergite low and obtuse, much lower than in mericana; rateral tergal
arms appearingas conspicuousglabrousblades,broad at base,narrowed
and strongly curved to a long terminal spine; posterior border of tergite
near basesof lateral arms with a group of about a dozen long setae.
Interbasesof distinctive shape,appearingas flattened blades,expanded
at distal end into a subcircular blade, one end of which is produced
laterad into a long straight spine, whencethe specificname; stem with
about four long erect setae from conspicuouspunctures; outer portionof expanded blade with microscopic setulae that are directed toward
the beak, producing a roughened appearance,in casesthese setulae
more abundant and conspicuousthan in others. Apex of basistyle
broadly obtuse, armed rvith four or five pale spinous points. Outerdististyle relatively narrow, parallel-sided,the apex obtuse, provided
rvith more than a score of spines. Inner dististyle large and conspicuous, expandedoutu'ardly, provided with setaethat are longest toward
the apex of the beak. Phallosomewith the subtending apophysesvery
narrow, the obtuse tips vrith microscopicsetulae, the outer portion ofeach blade with about six to eight oval pale punctures.
Hanner: \{exico (\{exico State and Federal District). Holotype.
d, among aquatic plants from Rio Borja, D. F., February 9, 1932
(A. M. Dampf); No. 62-32. Allotopot^tpe,I . Paratopotypes,
6 & I ;
paratype,d, Dos Rios, Mexico State, altitude t,500 meters,April 20,
1937(A. M. Dampf); M. 8.222. The paratype was associatedwith-lntocha (Antocha)monticolaAlexander and Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis)
meticanasp. n.
Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis)rostrifera is quite distinct from all otherregional members of the genus, differing especiallyin the structure of
the male hypopygium. . Tlr" most similar of these speciesare D. (R.)(Alexander).
:nericanasp.n. and D. (R.) neomericana

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Soc'ietyof Arnerica[Vol. XXXIX,
Annals Entomological

Oxydiscus de Meijere
Oxydiscus (Orydiscus) oaxacensissp. n.
General coloration brownish black, only slightly variegated withbrighter; halteres dusky, the knob and base of stem obscure yellow;
win"gsrelatively broad,- grayish yellow, with a restricted but conspicooni dark brown pattern; cell M, present; fn-cu about one-half to twothirds its own lenfth beyond the fork of.M ; male hypopygium with themarginal spine oflhe outer dististyle unusually long and slender.
Male.-I'ength about 4 mm.; wing, 5 mm.
Female.-Length about 4 mm.; wing, 4 mm.
Rostrum and palpi^th6 brownish black. Antennae with basal segments
flagellar segmentssubcylindrical, darker brown.
brownish yellow,
Head dark brown.
Prothorax and mesothorax almost uniformly brownish black, thepraescutum a little more variegated with- paler,^especiallyat and before
i,he suture. Halteres dusky yellow, the base of stem and apex of knob
more brightened. Legs wittr the coxae brownish black; trochantersof legs broken. Wings relatively-broad,obscure fellow; t"-tlttd"twidest opposite'origin of J?s,'grayish yellow, the prearcular.and costal
fields sombwhatcleirer yellow; a iestricted but conspicuousdark brownpattern, includ,ingmarki at origin of Rs, Rz, cofd and outer end of cell
ist Mz, and.fork]f. Mr+r: stigml paler brown, confluent with the darkened.r."* over Rz; veins brown. Macrotrichia of cells relatively sparse,in outer ends of cells Ra to |nd. Mz, inclusive; stigmal trichia present.
Venation: Scr ending just beyond fork of Rs, ,Scra short distance fromits tip, Scr alone ab6tit equai to m-cu; Rs strongly arcu.atedat origin;endsof cells Rr, R, and -/sl Mzin transRz clbseto fork of -Rz+s+r;1nner.r.t." alignment;cell Mr about two-thirds its petiole; ce1l11t MTstrongly
widened-butwardly; rn-cuabout one-half to two-thirds its length beyond
the fork of.M.
Abd.ominal tergites brownish black; central po_rtion_of sternites
somewhat paler br-own; hypopygium paler yellow. Male hypopygiumwith the oirter dististyle ii dpei bearing two conspicuousteeth, witha few microscopic denticles in the axil of the lower or larger spine;.afurther long straight spine on lower margin at near two-thirds thedivergent, pa19, especially on
length. Ae?eaguJ with ventral s-pines_
just
before the short acute tips.
outir half, slightly bulbous
Hesrrnr: Mexico (Oaxaca). Holotyqe,d, Yotao, Sierra de Juatez,
september 15, 1935 (Fr. Reyes); Dampf M. F. 6241. Allotyle, .9.,
ii*e, Sierra de Juarez, altiiude 1,450 meters, August.10, 1935 (A.
Tort)'; Dampf M.-F. 6139. Paratopoty|e, 1 d, -pin"S-a*i-tt ty.pt'
ftris fly is readily told from ali oth-er described New World speciesof the genus by the patterned wings.
Shannonomyia Alexander
Shannonomyia protuberans sP. n.
the praescutum unpatterned;
General coloration clear light gr&f,-flagellai
segments suboval, withantennae brownish black throighout,the lower face slightly more bulging or protuberant than the upper;

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Alexander: Crane-Fliesof tr'Iexico

125

wings brownish yellow, stigma oval, very pale brown; cell lsl Mz small,about two-thirds as long as vein M i male hypopygium with the outerdististyle slender, the apex blackened, unequally bifid; gonapophyses
appearing as relatively long, strongly curved hooks.
Male.-L,ength about 6.5 mm.;wing, 7 mm.;antenna about 2 mm.
Rostmm light gray pruinose; palpi black. Antennae moderately
ong, brownish black; flagellar segmentssuboval, with the lower faceslightly more bulging or protuberant than the upper one; verticils
shorter than the segments;terminal segmenta little more than one-halfthe penultimate and much smaller. Head gray; posterior vertex witha vague capillary darkened line; anterior vertex broad, exceedingfour
times the diameter of the scape.
Thorax almost uniformly clear light gray, the praescutum without
pattern. Halteres with stem pale, knob weakly infuscated. Legs withthe coxaeand trochanters obscureyellow, the former sparselypminose;
remainder of legs broken. Wings with a brownish yellow suffusion,thebase somewhat clearer yellow; stigma oval, very pale brown, scarcely
evident against the ground; veins brown, more yellowed in the brightened portions. Venation: Sczat extreme tip of Sc1,the latter ending ashort distance before fork of Rs, this being about one-half longer thanRz+e+r;Rzat fork of Rr+r+r,the tip of R1..2atrophied;cell 1st Mzunusually small, about two-thirds vein M i m'-cuabout one-half totwo-thirds
its length beyond the fork of.M.
Abdomen dark gray throughout. Male hypopygium with the outerdististyle slender, the outer third blackened with the apex unequallybifid. Inner dististyle only about three-fifths as long, gradually narrowed outwardly, the outer surfacewith abundarrt retrorse setae. Eachgonapophysisappearing as a relatively long, strongly curved hook.
Aedeagusrelatively small.
Henrrrr: Mexico (Morelos). Holotype, d, Lagunas de ZempoIe,
altitude 2,800 meters, September2, 1937, in open pine forest, swept
from grassesand Alnus foliage between boulders on rocky hills (A. N{.
D a m p f ) ;M . F . 6 1 8 9 .
Shannonomyia protuberans is undoubtedly closely related to S.
ovaliformis Alexander, from which it differs in the details of structureof the antennae and male hypopygium, particularly the gonapophyses.
Shannonomyia lenitatis sp. n.
Generalcoloration dark gray, the praescutumvirtually unpatterned;
antennae(male) moderately long, about one-fourth the length of body,the flagellar segments with protuberant lower faces; halteres with
infuscated knobs; legs brownish yellow, the tips of femora, tibiae andbasitarsi narrowly darkened; wings with costal border weakly infuscated; stigma brown, conspicuous;cell M2 open by the atrophy of thebasal section of.Msi male hypopygium with the gonapophysesappearing
as long, strongly curved.spines.
M ale.-I'ength about 6.2-6.3 mm. ; wing, 6.8-7 mm. ; antenna about
1.6-1.7mm.
Female.-Length about 6.5 mm.; wing, 6.8 mm.
Rostrum gray; palpi black. Antennae brownish black inroughout,relatively elongate; flagellar segments(male) suboval, with the ventral

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Societyol Arnerica[Vol. XXXIX,
Annals Entomologicalface more bulging, the outer segmentslonger and more slender; segments with J dense erect pubescence;longest verticils unilaterally
distributed, subequalin length to the segments. Head dar\ gfay.
Thorax almost uniformly dark gray, the praescutum virtually unpatterned, pronotal scutellum a little paler brown. Halteres with stem
obscureyellow, knob infuscated. Legswith coxaeilfuscated, pruinose;
trochant-ersobscure yellow; femora brownish yellow, clearer yellow
basally, the tips more infuscated; tibiae and basitarsi obscurgyellow,
the tips darkened; remainder of tarsi black. Wings with -the costal
bordei, anterior cord and vein Cu weakly darkened; outer cells of wi.geven lessevidently infuscated;stigma darker brown, ov31,conspicuous;
remainder of wing whitish subhyaline; veins brown. No macrotrichia
in cells of wing. Venation: Sc1ending about opposite four-fifths Rs,
Scznear its tipl Rs rather strongly arcuated at origini Rz+s+runusuallyshort, only about one-third to two-thirds longer than the basal sectionof Rei celi Mz open by the basal section of. Ma being atrophiedi nl-cu
about one-third io one-halfits length beyond the fork of M.
Abdomen, including hypopygium, brownish black. Male hypopygium with the outer dististyle narrowed and heavily blackened on
b"i"t third, the tip conspicuoullybidentate; outer surfaceat basewith
a low cushion thal is piovided with abundant long setae. Inner dististyle shorter, darkened, gently curved, the outer margin.with a rowof erect to slightly retrorse setae. Gonapophysesappearing-as long,
slender,very slrongly curt'ed spines,gradually narrowed to the acutetips- Aedeigus relitlvely small and slender,the basewith the enclosed
penls
slnuous.
'
Hesrrer: Mexico (Chiapas). Holotype,c/, Sierra Madre, altitude2,000meters,December6, 1932(A. M. Dampf); M. F. 2875. AlloJopoty?e, a fragmentary 9, pinned with tyPe. Paratyp.e.'1-{ Finca
p*ii", altiiude 1,440-7,780
meters,December6, 1932(A. I\{' Dampf);
I\{. F. 2872.
Among the various speciesof the genus that have cell Mz of thewings ope-t,ShannonomyiamyersianaAlexander,.5. orophila.Pvlexander,andJ. friangularisAlexander-havethis openby the_atroptlyof.m tather
than the bisal section of Ms, as in the present fly. The only otherdescribedspecieshaving the cell open in the latter manner is S- cerbereanaAlexander,which is readily lold by the strongly darkenedwings
and the presenceof numerousmacrotrichia in the outer celis.
Atarba Osten Sacken
Atarba (Atarba) religiosa sP. n.
Allied to mexicana;generalcoloration of mesonotumbrown, more orless pruinose, scutellum more brightened; antennae (maie) elongate,
more than one-halfthe length of wing, scapeand pedicelyellow, flage.llum
black; femora infuscated,lheir basesrestrictedly more yellowed; tibiae
the tips narrowly infuscated; "tng! with a very pale
brownish yellow,-zufiusion,
the stigma scircely in_dicated;Sc long,-Sc1ending
yellowish
about oppositemidlength of the long .Rs,'cell-|_slMzrcctangular,approximatelv^one-half the Eistal section of vein Msi ,n-cu nearly opposite
midlength of cell lst,Mz; abdomenbrown, with a still darker brown sub-

1e46lAlexander: Crane-Fliesof tr[exico

r27

terminal ring, hypopygium yellow; male hypopygium with the lateralangles of the appendageof the ninth sternite acute; spines of outerdististyle grouped at and near apex; inner dististyle tmncated at tip,
the upper apical angle more produced; gonapophysiswith abundant
appressedspines; aedeaguslong and sinuous.
Male.-Length about 6.5 mm.;lving, 6.8 rnm.;antennaabout 4 mm.
Rostmm yellow; palpi dark brown. Antennae (male) elongate;scapeand pedicel light yellow, flagellum black; flagellar segmentslongcylindrical, with scattered elongate verticils on the upper face, thelongest less than one-half the segments; an additional erect pale
pubescencethat is about one-third as long. Head brownish gray.
Pronotum and mesonotumchiefly brown, more or lesspminose,thescutellum more brightened, obscureyellow; lateral borders of praescutum and adjoining portion of the pronotum darker brown. Pieura
chiefly reddish brown, more or less pruinose. Halteres with stenr
obscure yellow, knob infuscated. Legs with the coxae brownish yellow, sparselypminose; trochantersyellow; femora infuscated,the bases
restrictedly more yellowed; tibiae brownish yellow, the tips narrowly
but conspicuouslyinfuscated; proximal tarsal segmentsobscureyellow,
the outer segmentsmore infuscated. Wings with a very pale yellow
suffusion,the stigma scarcelyindicated; a narrow and vague darl<enedseam along cord, shown especiallyby a slight darkening of the pale
brown veins; veins of the prearcular field more yellowed. \renation: ^Scr
ending about oppositemidlength of Rs, Sc: somedistancefrom its tip,
Scr a little shorter than rn-cu; Rs elongate,nearly three times rn-cu;
branches of Rs diverging very gradually fror-none another, cell R;r at
margin a trifle wider than at midlength; cell lst M: rectarrgular,approximately one-half the distal section of vein Ms. rn-cu r-rearlyopposite
midlength of cell lst Mt.
Abdomen brown, with a still darker brown subterminalring; hypopygium, excepting the blackened outer dististyle, yellow. Male
hypopygium with the appendageof the ninth sternite conspicuously
emarginate at apex, each outer lateral angle extended into an acutepoint. Outer dististyle straight, terminating in a strong spine, with
about seven or eight smaller spines on the outer face near apex, theoutermost largest; a few smaller spinuleson ventral face at base of theterminal spine. Inner dististyle subequalin length, tmncated at apex,
the upper apical angle somewhatproduced into a point, the lower angle
less evidently so. Gonapophysescovered rvith abundant appressed
spines, the outer ones larger and more conspicuous. Aedeaguslong
and sinuous, the extreme apex expanded,the lower margin with pale
membrane that is more dilated at near midlength of the organ.
Hasrrrr: Mexico (FederalDistrict). Holoty|e, d, Desiertode losleones,August 24, 1930(A. M. Dampf); M. F. 171+.
Atarba (Atarba) religiosa is readily told from -{. (--l ) mexicana
Alexander, the only allied regional speciesso far described,by thecolorationof the body, legs and wings, the details of venation, arrd thestructure of the male hypopygiun-r.

128

Annals Entomological Society ol Americo' [Vol. XXXIX'

Teucholabis Osten Sacken
Teucholabis (Teucholabis)nigroclavariasp. n'
Allied to pabulatoria;size small (wing, male, less than 3.5 mm.);rostrum redaiin, head above gray pruinose;mesonotalpraescutumwith
Ih" alrt dark liver brown, Ihe-literal borders.light yellow; thoracic
pleura with a conspicuoussilvery stripe; halteresdark brown;.femora
i.fn*, the tips conspicuouslyblickened; wings whitish subhyaline,thegly reduced;Scr-endingjust beforeorigin of-Rs; abdomitih;.*...diti;"1 tergites bicolored, dark brown, the. posterior borders yellow,
hypopygl"- black; male hypoPYgium with the basistyle- produced.""a..|"into a stout lobe bul-with no spines;outer dististyle a shortclub, the apex and outer ma]gin with appressedspinules;li".[.".don outer half.
aedeaguscompressed-flattened
Mile.-I'ength about 3.5 mm.; wing, 3.3 mm.
Rostmm t"ddith; palpi dark brown. Antennae black throughout,the scapemore pruinose;flagellarsegments-oval. Head dark, heavily
large'
ogr:aypt',tittot., the occipital regionrestrictedlyre4dened;eyespraescutum
Pionotum dark brown; pretergitesyellow. Mesonotal
with the disk dark liver brown, t[e humeral and lateral portions lightrcutal lobes similarly liver brown; scutellum and ,posteri.or
t;ilr*;
fiotdeti of scutal lobes yellow, parascutelladarkened; mediotergite*ith-..tttral portion dark brown, the.lat-eralqargins and.the plegro'
tergite more ieddish brown. Pleura g.ti"-ny {ark brown, with a diffuse
behindU"i.o"rpicuoui^co*a" more silvery longitudinal itripe extendingfrom of thethepassingbeneath
to the baseoi abdomen,
the forelgotbrown;
reddish
coxae
the
Legs
with
brown.
tr.it"r... Halteres darkbutconnarrowly
tiochanters yellow; femora yellow, the tips rather
spicuouslv blackened, subequal on all legs and including the distal$;;;th dt .Ctfr; tibiae and basitarslyell-ow, !b.. tips narroYJv dark""La; t"."aifrder' of tarsi black. W-rngs.whitish subhyaline, thefield a trifle more yellowed;.stigma exceedinglyreduced,p;;.ri;i
appeanngas a slight seamlying chiefly di*ad of vein Rz,'veinsbrown,veins and on[.tlortion-of C.moreyel1owed. Venation:;ff;;.#ular
short, Scrending just 6eforethe origin o{ R-s,Sc2-onlya -short
S;*rtdistance from its tip; frs-longer than its anterior branch, the latterai.r.tgitrg strongly frbm Rr Soc111Rr at margin is very-extensive,about
int""'titires celThz,. vein Rz just beyond the fork of Rs; cell lst Mz,r.rto*, subrectang.tl"t, only itigtttty widened outwardly, subequal ini""gtfr io the distJl sectionbf vein Mti rn-cu_aboutone-fourthto onenrffi itr rength b"yord the fork of.M; cell?nd,4 relatively narrow, themZrgin of wing-inshirredoppositethe end of vein Znd A.
;il.ri"tAbdominal tergites bicolored, ihiefly dark brown, the posterior
Uo.a"tr yellow, " iittl. more extensiveat the outer angles; sternites""a- r"ti.tt"inal segmentsmore uniformly yellow; hypopYgium con."a rU*lptly blackened. Sternal-pocket nearly circular in;pi;"ilit
about 75
oirtlitr",.t t5" posterioi portion of sternite five, compris_ed-of
tipped with a long black seta. Male-h.ypopygium
small tubercles,-each;f ;;*"ally simplestructure. Basistyleat apexprodueedinto a stout
toUe ttttt bearsieveral long setaebui no spines;mesal.edgeof style*itfr r lo"g low blackened"flange.Outer dististyle a short, entirely1e46lAlexander: Crane-FliesoJ Mexico

r29

blackened club, the apex and outer margin almost back to the basewith conspicuousappressedspinules. fnner dististyle with the apicalportion unusually long and narrow, bladelike, the lower or more basal
tooth very obtuse; lobe near base of style with about four strong setae.
Aedeagus compressed-flattened, the outer half suboval in outline,
produced into a strong subapical spine; surface of blade, and especiallythe margins, with elongate yellow setae, those of the disk shorter andmore sparse.
H.e,errat: Mexico (Chiapas). Holotype,&, Zapote, November L2,
1 9 3 0( A . M . D a m p f ) ; M . F . 1 8 2 1 .
The most similar described species are Teucholabis(Teucholobis)
rninuta Alexander and T. (7.) pabulatoria Alexander, of Mexico andGuatemala, which are likewise among the smallest known membersof the genus. The present fly differs especially in the structure of themale hypopygium, particularly the short blackened outer dististyleand the inner dististyle. The lack of a spine or spinous blade on thebasistyle is exceedinglyuncommon in this great genusbut is a characterof all three specieshere mentioned.

Gonomyia Meigen
Gonomyia(Gonomyia)megarhopala
sp. n.
General coloration dark Eray, the praescutum with three brown
stripes; rostmm and antennae black; halteres elongate, stem yellow,
knob infuscated; wings relatively narrow, strongly tinged with brown;,n-cu closeto the fork of M; male hypopygium with the outer dististylea very conspicuous clavate dark-colored structure having a slenderpale stem; spinesof aedeagusweak, straight.
Male.-Length about 6 mm.;wing,7 mm.
Fernale.-Length about 6.5 mm.; wing, 7 mm.
Rostmm and palpi black. Antennae black throughout, relatively
long; flagellar . segments elongate-oval, longer than the verticils; adensepale pubescenceon flagellum. Head gray.
Pronotum dark brownish Bray, restrictedly obscure yellow on sides;
pretergites pale yellow. Mesonotum gray, the praescutum with threebrown stripes, the scutal lobes with brownish centers; posterior-lateral
portions of scutal lobes yellow; scutellum brownish gray, the posteriorborder reddish yellow; postnotum gray. Pleura obscure yellow, conspicuously striped with gray, the more dorsal stripe extending from thecervical region across the propleura and anepisternum to the pteropleurite; lower stripe occupying the ventral sternopleurite and meral
region; posterior sclerites, including the pteropleurite, metapleura andmost of the pleurotergite of the yellow ground. Halteres elongate,stem yellow, knob dark brown. Irgs uith the coxaegray pruinose, thetips paling to yellow; trochanters obscure brownish yellow; remainderof legs broken. Wings relatively narrow, with a strong brownish tinge,
the oval stigma brown; veins dark brown. \:enation: Sc relatively
short, Scr ending about opposite one-fifth to one-sixth Rs, Scz at its
extreme tip; vein Rq at apex deflected strongly toward the wing apex,
cell Rs at margin correspondingly wid.e; basal section of Ru reduced;
cell -/sl Mz shofie' than the veins beyond it: m-cu close to the fork of.M.

130

Annals EntomologicalSocietyof America [Vol. XXXIX,

Abdomen brownish gray, the caudal and lateral borders of the intermediate tergites narrowly yellow; sternites more uniformly dark brown.
Male hypopygium with the apical lobe of the basistyle relatively small,subequal in length to the inner dististyle. Outer dististyle a very_long
slender-stemmedclub, nearly three times as long as the lobe of thebasistyle, the expanded portion darkened, the stem pale; club more or
lesstmncated at apex, provided with conspicuoussetaeexcept along theouter border. fnner dististyle with a slender curved blackened spine
and a shorter, more fleshy body that bears the usuat fasciculate setae,
these separate at origins, the outermost from a tuberculate base,Aedeagu- a simple darkened blade, its apex a decurved point; subtending spines unusually small and rveak, straight, slightly unequal
rn slze.
Hesrrer: Mexico (Morelos and Mexico State). Holotype, &,Lagunas de Zempole, Morelos, altitude 2,800 meters,- September 2,
193J, in open pine forest, swept from grassesand Alnus foliage between
boulderson rocky hills (A. M. Dampf); M. F. 6189. Paratypq a broken
g, Ajusco, Mexico State, altitude 3,500 meters, M"y 10, 1925 (A. M
Dampf); M. F. 549.
Ginimyia (Gonomyia) megarhopalais very_ distinct_ from otherregional species,especially in the structure of the male hypoplgigT..
In the lat1er regard, it somewhat suggeststhe more northern G. (G.)
filicauda Alexander but is entirely distinct.
Gonomyia (Gonomyia) bifurcula sp. n.
Allied to bifurcifer; general coloration of mesonotum dark brown,
the scutellum obscure yellow; pleura and pleurotergite brownish yellow
or light brown; wings with a weak brownish tlnge, s.tigpa scarcely
indic-atedi Rz+a+aa little longer than Rs, the latter in longitudinalalignment with Ru;m-cu at near one-third the length of cell 1st Mz; male
hyFopygium with the two dististyles terminal in position,. the innerstyle-ftofoundly bifid; outer dististyle slender, microscop.icallydenticulaie on outer face at near midlength; phallosome terminating in two
btackened, unequal sPines.
Male.-I'ength about 4.5 mm.; wing, 5 mm.
Head broken. Pronotum infuscated; pretergites obscure brownish
yellow. Mesonotal praescutum and scutum ve-rY dark brown, thesurface sparsely pruinose; praescutal borders paler brown; s_cutellum
chiefly obscure yellow, the base restrictedly darkened; mediotergite
dark bto*tt, spaisely pruinose; pleurotergite brownish yellow. _ Pleura
light brown, the dorsopleural membrane more yellowed.- Halteresre"latively long, brownish black, the base of stem narrowly . yellow.
brown, trochanters darker; remainder ofLegs wifitr the coxae yellowish-withthe prearcular fielda weak brownish tinge_,_legi broken. Wings
pJler; stigma scarcely indicated; veins brown. Venation: ,Scrending
bpposite origitr of Rs, the latter shorter than Rz+r+nwhich is strongly
aicuated at origin; Rs in alignment with Rui Rr about three times Rr;cell /st Mz\ond slightly widened outwardly, subequll 4length to vein
M l beyond it; rn-cu about its own length beyond the fork of. M or atnear one-third the length of cell lst Mz'
Abdomen brown, [he hypopygium more yellowish brown. Male

19461

Alexander: Crane-Fliesof Mexico

131

hygopygium with the two dististyles terminal in position, the outerstyle a long sinuous blackened blade, its central thircl somewhat moredilated and with microscopic appresseddenticles on the outer margin;outer third or more narrowed into a flattened blade, its tip u.it...
fnner-dististyle bifid, the shorter arrn blackened, expanded at tip intoa scabrous head, including one larger denticle; inner arm elongate,
terminating_in two fasciculate setae of unusual length, approxirnitell:as long as the arm itself, terminal in position. Phallosom-econsistingof a blackened centpal structure, forking into two unequal blackened
spines, the. s.horter one about one-half as long as the other, at apex
bent_at a right angle into a long spinous point.
Hlnrrar: Mexico Lchiapas). Holotype, d, san Antonio Nexapa,
November 20, 1932 (Parra); through Dampf, M. F. 2220. piratopotypes,d &.
, . - r4r: fly. is most similar to the Costa Rican Gonomyia (Gonom,yia)
bifurcifer Alexander, which has the hypopygium of the same g"nlt"istructure but differs in certain important details, particularly the outerdististyle and the phallosome. This latter stmcture hai the two
subequal arrns very long and slender, quite different from the present fly.
Gonomyia (Gonomyia) juarezi sp. n.
Allied to aequoli.t,'generalcoloration of mesonotum grayish brown,
variegated with yellow, the latter including the broad anterior central
portion of the scutum and all but the base of the scutellum: haltereselongate, stem pale, knob darkened; male hypopygium with the outer
lobe of basistyle unusually short and stout, dark-colored, pointed atapex; outer dististyle a small pale setuliferous cushion; innei dististyie
truncated_atapex, bearing a strongly curved blackenedspine; phallosome
complex, bearing three spinesor spine-tipped arrns.
Male.-Length about 5.5 mm.; wing, 6 nrm.
Rostmm obscure brownish yellow; palpi black. Anterrnae rvith
basal_segments brownish black, outer segmerrtsbroken. Head gray;eyes large.
Pronotum and pretergites yellow. Mesonotum rvith disk ofpraescutum almost covered by a dark grayish brown shield, the lateralborders yellow; scutal lobes chiefly grayish brown, extended posteriorly
onto the base of the scutellum, leaving conspicuousyellow areas on th-e
anterior median region of the scutum, posterior portions of scutal lobes
and the broad scutellum; mediotergite chiefly darkened, the lateralborder and the pleurotergite paler, pruinose. Pleura reddish brown,
very vaguely patterned. Halteres elongate, stem pale, knob darkened.
Legs with the coxae reddish yellow; trochanters obscure yellow;
remainder of legs dark brown. Wings with a weak grayish tinge, theprearcular and costal fields somewhat more whitened; stigma very pale
brown; veins brown, somewhat lighter in the paler areas. \'enation:
Scr ending immediately before the origin of Rs, ,Scsnear its tip; Rs
and lRz+g1r
subequal in length; cell lst Mz rectangular, shorter than the
distal section of.Msi rn-cu a short distance beyond the fork of.M.
Abdominal tergites dark brown; sternites more yellowed; hypc-,pygium brownish yellow, the dististyles darker. Male hypopygiumwith the outer lobe of basistyle relatively short and very stout, onlv

132

societyoJAmerica[vol. xxxlx,
AnnalsEntomological1n{ approxiabout two-thirds as long as the remainderof the basistyledark-colored,l.obe.
dlstistyle.;ii"t.if "q""f to ih" tJtat length of the-itr.t on outer face. Outei dististyle a small oval
oointed.at apex,with setae
dististyle larger, truncated at apex and5;;1i;;;r:'.;;hi";.tfre us"al two fasciculite setae;on outer.margin,closetoil;;;;tdg"p.*,-*ith ? powerful,very strongly.curvedFlq:t spine.. Phallosome
recurved""tit"" Jpinous"p-oints,;i"{ir"i"^Gfi;;.includinga .major a long6i".1"".ia rod a'shortdistanceback from tip, this terminatingin
palerblade,its"."t..pi"orls point; t"oi"ptgad.. a somewhitsimilarbut basewith aair..t.d ca"d"d; margin of phallosomenear;;il-ili"t.titt ttti"tler blackenedPoint'"-'Ciriiot ' ffn "i." tOaxaca). Holotype,gf , Yotaq, Sierrade laatez,
p. nn.,S.pt.mber'lb,1935(qt. 1t"vp9);.Dampf
ryI F 624r.
-TiiiJat tis^i;-6-S-Guatemala,andflris ,iii.d d"arious other specigsin-Mexico
Alexandet,G. (G') chiapasensi's
i.r.ruai"g bo"oiyl,i (Go.no*yla)aequafi.s
from all in
if"r*aEr, and ?;. tb I gut rirotitis Alexander, differingouter
lobe ofot tir. "i"rE hypopygiug, particularlv the;i,;;;;llt"
itt" U"tittyle, inner dististyleand phallosome'
Gonomyia(Lipophleps)impedita sp' n'sizerelatively large (wi18.'male, overBelongsto the mancagroup;'ttt.tottotum
dark brownish gray, theo1
4 mm.); g"r.r"i-"orli"ii3"brown, with afigfti yellow; thoracic pleura.gra.y.tsh.
il;;iffi'"hi.nv
brownishblack; wings with a*ttit.io"iitudinal siripe;-1."g-.
;;i";[hii&;, 1rrJ"""t stigma a'fitlle darker than the -ground;Sc1
t;;;;i;i;the length""ai"g U.fot""ohgi" of nr " fiitt"tt.e about equal to one-halfbasistyleof the latter; r""i" li'pop'gium with the outer.angleof thespine;
blackenedinai"to " tti*,-* i1+g that terminates;;"4;;a
of
the
blade
dististyle "tongJtJ,-r"&q"a in length and shape-tothe
slenderunequalspines';;ri;ti"--; ptt"fT"r"i".-i*iri"ating in.-two longmm'
ALtt.-ll,ength about4.5 mm';.wing,4'3
Head
Rostrum "iJ' ;;tpt ;i;"k, Anteinae black throughout'spot'
brownishmorefigh;;;;;U"rti"E, fhe'centerof vertex with aclearlight yellow. Mesonotalpraescutum-n.uvily
Pronotumand pretergites
gray pruinose; scutellumbehindbroadly
and scutu- a"tii Uio*.,dark;light yellow, "r1i9*fy'darkened tt-t.iti"tty at base,parascutella-Taioi"tgite dalli ;t;'*", heavilv-pruinose; pleurotegt-T :Lt-t-flI-yellow'
brown,wittt a conspicqou:yellowish
sparselvpminose. Pleuragrayi"shacrossthe central pleurites,.beginning.behind-i-ttiotnittg#htffit#;iioa"i""t stripe- the dorsal sternoplerrrite,ventral pterothe fore coxae;;dfialteres with stem obscureye1low,knob
pleurite "na- -!^trlpil;.
f,"g.ii'itn the coxaeand trochantersyellow; remainderofi;i;;;;i.J.
tinge, thelegsdark uro*ri'io'fto*"ittt Uracr<.Wings.with i brownish
palebrown,;r-eailbr and.costalfieldsmorewhitened;stigma9va1,yerybrgwn,lh.osei1lhe prearcular*V""rtio" the ground;veins-ending'.befo.re.
5;i;^;He" d"tt".thanthe origin of { lfistance, S',;;ii H;;.
immediately
about equal t"^ r".-ftatf itte ten[th of the lattei; 'n-cu
beforethe fork of-M.
yellow'-oval
Abdominrl ;;it;s dark brown,sternitespaler;.hypopygium
in outline, the outer
M"i; hyfip'gi"*- *ith the basistylesmall,into a powerful iclerotized blade that is longer than;;;i;'it;A;;d19461

Alexander: Crane-FliesoJ Mexico133

the style itself, the basal two-thirds glabrous, the distal portion narrowed to an acute blackenedspine, the margin back from the tip moreor less concave and provided with microscopic setulae, these latter
continueddown the margin of the bladeto oppositethe point of insertionof the dististyle. Dististyle elongate, nearly as long as the blade of
the basistyle and having nearly the same general outline, narrowed tothe apex which bears a single seta, with other scattered setae on the
distal four-fifths; fasciculate bristles on margin of outer third, theirlength exceedingthe width of the style opposite their point of origin.
Phallosometerminating in two long spinous points, the shorter one
almost straight, very acute, its surface with scattered microscopic
setulae;longer spine from a dilated base,gently curved, very gradually
narrowed to the acute tip, the surfaceglabrous.
Hesrrer: Mexico (Oaxaca). Holotype,&, Cacalotepec,Sierrade
Juarez,November14, 1935(Fr. Reyes);Dampf M. F. 6239.
In the ,nancagroup of the subgenus,among those forms having thedististyle of the male hypopygium subterminal in position, numerous
species have the outer projecting lobe of the basistyle fleshy andsetiferouswhile fewer specieshave this lobe more or lessmodified into asclerotized spine or blade. Such species in the Neotropical fauna
includeGonomyia(Lipophleps)bispinosoAlexander,G. (L.) borburatana
Alexander,G. (L.) diacanthophora
Alexander,G. (L.) macintyreiAlexander, G. (L.) miseraAlexander,G. (L.) orthomeraAlexander,G. (L.)
orthomeroides
Alexander, G. (L.) reyesi sp. n., and G. (L.) senaria
Alexander. Among these species,the present fly is most similar tomacintyrei (Ecuador) and senaria (Peru), differing conspicuouslyfrom
both in the structure of the basistyleand, especially,of the phallosome.
Gonomyia (Lipophleps)reyesi sp. n.
Belongsto the rrancagroup; sizesmall (wing, male,dnder 3.5 mm.);general coloration of thorax pale to medium brown, without pattern;
legspale brown, the outer tarsal segmentsdarker; wings with a brownish
tinge; Sc short; male hypopygium with the outer lobe of basistyle aslenderblack rod, terminating in a short acute spine,back from the tip
with numerous delicate setulae; dististyle relatively long, the two
fasciculate setae unequal in size, terminal in position; phallosome
consistingof a very long and powerful median rod, strongly sinuous,its
tip prolongedinto a straight blackenedspine.
Male.-Length about 3 mm.;wing,3.2-3.3mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black, the verticils of malevery long. Head with the anterior vertex and broad orbits obscureyellow, the central region of vertex pale brown.
Pronotum and pretergites yellow. Mesonotum almost uniformly
pale to medium brown, the posterior border of scutellum narrowly
obscure yellow. Pleura medium brown, with no clearly indicatedpattern. Halteres weakly infuscated. Legs with the coxae andtrochanters pale yellow; remainder of legs very pale brown, the outertarsal segmentsdarker. Wings with a brownish tinge, the prearcularand costal fields pale yellow; stigma very pale brown, barely indicatedagainst the ground; veins brown, those at the wing base a little paler.
\renation: Scrending beforeorigin of Rs a distanceabcut equal to two-134

Societltof Atnerica[Vol. XXXIX,
Annals Entomologicalthird.s to three-fourths the length of the latter i m-cxcshortly before.thefork of M.
--Abdomen brown, the hypopygium yellorv. Male hypopygium withthe outer lobe of baiistyle a sl6nderblack rod, slightly sinuous at base,;i;; ;|g; two-thirds straight, terminating in a short acute spine; before;h; ;pil. and for a distaice back from_tip. with abundant microscopic
r.tnii. that becomemore sparsetoward midlength of the lobe. Distiriyi" "U"ut three-fifths as long as the spirre.of basistyle and more thani*i." as broad; fasciculate selae unequal in size, one about twice as". tfr" other, both placed at apex of style. Phallosomeentirelr';i;;gi"Uio"r, consisting.sr"triially of _a"-e1vlong and powerfui median rod'
fiattened and stroigly sinucus, the tip produced into a long _straight
6il.f."".a- -Hiutt^i' spine; at"bise of the major-iod rvith a small oval pale b1ade.
Mexico (Oaxaca). HolotyPe,d, San Cristobal,altitude
150meters,December13, 1937(A. M. DagRf); iM F. 6362. Paratopotypes,4&&, December13-19,1937;NI q 6q6-2'q-l35'-"'I'ulnpt""red.to name this distinct.fly for Mr. FranciscoReyes,oneof Doctor Dampf's most efficient inipectors. Like the preceding
species,the present fly belongs to the aggrega.tionof forms that havetil. atriitig.-of the mlle hypSpygium subierminal in position and withthe outer iobe of the basisiyte-"tl biotonged into a spinous rod or blade.
i,ho." fbrms listed under the precedilg
distinct fromil ir ;;tl."iteifiehng particglarly in the lobe of the basistyleand the powerful$;"r,cintral'rcd. of itre phalloro-e. As in the casein various other-species.t i;irpirleps, the suture of the dististyle is poorly developed,indicatinga paitiai fusion with the basistyle.
Gnophomyia Osten Sacken
Gnophomyia (Gnophomyia)monophaeasp' 11'
General coloration dull black, the anterior pretergites c.onspicuously
Vellow; head pruinose in front, rvith a small, simple.vertical.tubercle;
bi f,"it.tes brownish black; wings with a weak brownish tinge,t;;il""ri"grt"d bV a conspicuousdarker broivn cloud over the anterior cord;
nirft?* and-straight,subequalto Rz+,r+ribranchesof Rs long, extendingwithone anbther; cell 1s;tMz elongate-rectangular,;;";;;iltparallel?om-cu at midlength.
Femole.-Le-"gth about 7.5 mm.; rving, 7.3 mm.; antenna about
2 . 9m m .
Rostrum and palpi brownish black. Antennae with scape.and
p.ai."i dark brown, flagellum brownish black; scape relatively short,i; the fiist flagellar segment; flagellar segments elongate,ilb;A;J
midlength; longest verticils
o. .iigrrtly-swollen"before,"u.iri"a;.a"in
tgqnila].segment about four-fifths"*."6ai"g the segm"-trtt length;
Head duil black, the front p-ruinose;aoitfr"-p"nultimate.
;il;];E1ir-"n siinple ".ttiiuf tubercle; anterior vertex broad, about three times
the diameter of the scaPe.
Pronotum darkened'above; pretergites conspicuously-light yellow'
Mesonotal praescutum dull black medially, the humeral regron more
reddened; pbrterior sclerites of notum duli black, tlre po-steriorborderInnr" reddened. Pleura rvith a broad black dorsalof the pr""."ttn-1e16lAlexander: Crane-Fliesof Mexico

135

stripe extending from the cervical region across the dorsal propleurato the pteropleurite, the latter paler; beneath the dorsal stripe with aconspicuousbrownish yellow longitudinal stripe extending from behindthe fore coxae to the meron and metapleura, the surface sparsely
pruinose; ventral sternopleurite black, pruinose. Halteres with stem
obscureyellow, knob brownish black. Legs with coxaeand trochanters
yeliow; femora brown; tibiae and tarsi passing into black. Wings
with a weak brownish tinge, variegated by a conspicuousdarker brown
cloud over the anterior cord, involving the bases of the outer radial
cells; stigma long and narrow, brown, not connected with the discal
darkening; veins brownish black. Venation: Sc long, Sc, ending just-thebeyond the fork of Rz+s+r,Sc, some distance from the tip of Scr,
latter being about four-fifths Rs,' Rs short and straight, subequal to ora trifle longer than Rz+a+ricord at near midlength of wing, thgbranchesof Rs long, extending generally parallel to one another throughout theirlengths; cell lst M elongate rectangular, only slightly wider at outer
end, subequal in length to vein M e beyond it:; m-cu at midlength ofcell lst Mz.
Abdomen dark brown, the caudal bordersof the intermediate tergites
narrowly paler; genital segment brownish black; cerci long and conspicuous,compressed-flattened;hypovalvae very short.
Henrrer: Mexico (Chiapas). Holotype, g, Nueva America, February 22, I9BL; no Dampf M. F. number. .
This fly is readily distinguished from all other regional speciesby
the pattern and venation of the wings, especiallythe short straight Rs,
trnusually long radial branches, and long-rectangular ce1l 1sl M2, with
nt-clrat midlength. It appearsto be closestto various speciescentering
around Gnophomyia (Gnophomyia)m,aestitioAlexander but is very
,listinct.

.

Erioptera Meigen
Erioptera(Empedomorpha)
apacheana
sp.n.

General coloration yellow, the notum variegated with brownish
Brey, including three nearly confluent praescutal stripes; pleura yellow,
striped longitudinally with brownish gray; halteresyellow; legs yeliow,
the tips of the more proximal segmentstipped with darker; wings paleyellow, stigmal region in male greatly dilated and hairy; malehypopygium with the outer dististyle simple. its tip acute, phallosome
with four apophyses,the lateral pair shorter, slightly bidentate at tips;
inner apophysesappearing as slender yellow rods that bear conspicuous
black lateral spines.
Male.-Length about 4.5-6 mm.;wing, -1.8-8mm.
Female.-Length about -1.5mm.; wing, 4.5 mm.
Rostrum brownish yellow; palpi pale brown. Antennae brown, incases the flagellum paler; flagellar segments long-oval, with elongate
verticils. Head pale yellow.
Pronotum yellow medially, restrictedly patterned with brown.
Mesonotal praescutum with the ground light yellow, almost coveredby three broad brownish gray stripes that tend to become entirely
confluent; in cases,the central stripe with a further delicate median136

societyof America[vol. XXXIX,
Annals Entomologicalbrown vitta; scutal lobes d.arkened;central portion of scutum yeilow,
pop!;iih a further weak median darkening; scutelluT_nttg b19w1t;
withlongitudinally-andp"t" Uro*ttish gt"y. Pleura y'ell,ow.,striped;;il;hairy, as .in the
Uro*trirfr gray. Haltirei yellow. L"gs longtrochantersdarkened;
subgenus; coxae yellow, the fore p"i; moreyellow'tibiae and proximat two tarsal s-egments;;;;;y.ff"*li.titora,
itr.-tipt'narrowly infuscated;--outertarsal .segments darkened; claws;ilpi;:- wi"gr #itrr a pale y.tto*itn or whitish tinge, the veins brown,in the piearcular and c'ostalfields. Stigmat r9qi9n i.n ryale greatly;.;
ait"t.a, provid.edwith abundint trichia; in female, this#;;"d.J^rtidn"iJl.rr-ai"ieJ b.,t wiih the venation approximltely-the.s.ame:venaits
iio" ' Rs long and straight, with Rr, Rri -?ttg fi' all arising fromone-halfabout""?; &-t;t i"aoUiiq""lexceeding Rr+r;S.l.IR: shallow,
m-cu"atthe fork of M ;vein ?nd,A straight
3e1l lst Mz'closed.;i;;;.ti;i;;or virtuallY so.
AUaor"." dark brown, the hypopygium _a little -9a1-er.. Male
*ith-ihe outei dististyie a iimp'le flattened b1ade,dilatedt""opvsi"has
iJri"'fi"-f'*^ ;il "."t"fy pointed- apex, without armature, as
on
wider
i"""t airtirtyt" subequ-alin length, a little
L;;tdr;e;;.
irre tip obtn..; at ind near apex with a few setigerous
di;i;t;;;:inirar,
orro,.t.rr.r. Phrifosorn" "o.r.isting of four slender blades, the iaterai
at tips whlch are weakly bifid; inner apophyses;;;;h;"t,-ut".t""ed;il";-ti"g ;r longer yellow spinous points, each bearing an acutebiackened*--Houti^t,lateral sPine.
M"*i.o (NuevoLeon). HolotyPg,d, Qranja Rodriguez,
altitude 195meters,June6, 1931(A. M. Dampf); M. F. 2046' Allotopo8 BJ, June 5-6' 1931;
t;;;:-9, pinned wiih type. Paratopotypes,u.
^'- r'. 2029,2046.
theAJexan$-e1isof.Empedomorphaspeciesd.escribediil;;i;;ih;;(Aleiander) of the central and southwestern-Trti"
subgenotype, emped,oides
lattLr has the same peculiar sexual dimorphism
United States.
in *"he""a ifro*s the_gre"i-t""g" in size in the m-alesex that is found of theflu. Tire two speclesdiffer evidently in the structure;;;;tmale hypopygium, especiallythe dististyles'
Erioptera (Mesocyphona)leonensissp' n'
gr?-y' th.eAliied- to mod,ici,'general coloration of mesonotum dark yellowish
or*iitr two" brown stripes;, leF. liglrt brown
pr.;;;;;*i"gs ryith a pa196rownish ti,nge',un-pat-terned;
brown, unpatt;.a;principal;;;'iiil6tgi"ntilith -Ut"""n 1h; dististyli three-branched on twoisweaklya long p-q*"tf"l black- spine that,i"rrrr, iir"^ oit.t
tt.- ditiaing into.two.brbnches at near midforked ,r"", .p"*;lo*"touteri;;;i[, the outer 6ranch with a long .i*9 of darkened teeth along
curvedmargin; gorr"popfr'rir-"t .ither sid"esingle, appearingas a long
black glabrous sPine.
Mite.-Lengih about 2.5 mm'i *rltg, Q T-'
Female.-Length about 3 mm' ; wing, 3'5-mm'
uro*"ish bla6k. Antennae with scape and
Rostrum ""d"-;;6i
flagellum much paler, brownish yellow. Head""ai..i Uio*"iriibilfl
Iton. dark brown, more yellowed in front'
pronotum d;;il 6to*riirtr gray, the lateral borders narrowly yellow;

1e461

Alexander: Crane-Fliesof Mexico

L37

pronotal scutellum and the pretergite less evidently brightened. Mesonotum dark gray, the praescutum with two brown stripes that converge
behind, leaving a broad median ground area; scutellum yellowish
testaceous, postnotum dark brown, gray pruinose. Pleura darkbrownish gray, with a poorly delimited, clearer gray longitudinal
stripe; dorsopleural region dusky. Halteres with stem yellow, knob
weakly darkened. L.gr with the fore coxae brownish black, remaining
coxae obscure yellow; trochanters yellow; remainder of legs light browu
or yellowish brown, unpatterned. Wings with a pale brownish tinge,
the prearcular and costal regions a little more yellowed; stigmal area
very vaguely and diffusely darker; veins pale brown; macrotrichia
darker. \renation: Cell M2 open by the atrophy of the basal sectionof.Ma; vein 2nd A with the distal third gently sinuous.
Abdomen dark brown, the sternites a trifle paler; hypopygium darkbrown to brownish black. Male hypopygium with the dististyle threebranched, including two main stems; outer stem a long powerful blackspine, gently sinuous, gradually narrowed to the acute spinous tip,
before the latter with a smaller lateral point; inner stem of about thesame diameter, at near midlength forking into two branches, a longtriangular outer blade that narrows to the subacute point, the outermargin with a long comb -of darkened teeth; inner arm a little shorter,
appearing as a slender rod, the apex obtuse. Gonapophysessingle oneither side, each appearing as a long, gently curved, black rod thatnarrows gradually to the acute tip, the surface glabrous.
Heerr,\r: Mexico (Nuevo Leon). Holotype, d , Montemorelos,
June 3, 1931(A. nt. Dampf); M. tr. 202:j. Allotopotype,I . Paratopotypes,several d 9.
The most similar described species is Erioptera (Mesocyphona)modica Alexander, of southern Mexico, which differs especially in the
structure of the male hypopygium, particularly the peculiarly modified
outer stem of the dististyle.

Cryptolabis Osten Sacken
luteolasp. n.
Cryptolabis(Cryptolabis)
General coloration of entire body and appendages pale yellow;
macrotrichia of wings relatively numerous in all cells beyond the cord,
Rs relatively long and sinuous; rn-crzshortly before the fork of Ma+t,cell Ms deep; male hypopygium with the slender dististyle terminal in
position, arcuated, the tip produced into an acute spine; aedeagus
stout, its distal portion weakly convoluted.
Male.-Length about 4 mm.; wing, 3.9 mm.
Rostmm and palpi light yellow. Antennae with the scape andpedicel yellow; flagellum broken. Head uniformly pale yellow.
Thorax yellow, the notum a little more obscure than the pleura.
Halteres yellow. Legs yellow. Wings yellow, the veins a little darker
but well-delimited by conspicuous black macrotrichia. Macrotrichia
in all cells beyond cord, chiefly occurring as linear series in the centersof the cells. Venation: Rs relatively long and sinuous; R2..a+rsuberect;
R2 oblique; outer radial branches gently upcurved at margin; rn-cu
shortly before fork of M+qi cell Mt deep.

138

of Anxerica[vol. xxxlx,
soc,iety
AnnalsEntomological

Abdomen obscure yellow. Male hypopygium with the dististyleterminal, arcuated and unusually slender,especiallythe darkened apicalspine; outer surface q! $Vlq immediately back f{op apex with two
still further back from apex with two conspicuous
mtcroscoprcpornts;
erect set^ae. Aedeagus stout, particularly at base, the outer portion
weakly convoluted but not bent back upon itself.
Mexico (Chiapas). Holotype, &, Huehuetan, altitude
Hislrar:40 meters, November 9, 1942(A. M. Dampf); M. F. 2743.
Cryptotabis (Cryptolabis) luteola is readily. told from related species
by the uniformly p-aieyellow coloration of the body, and by the stmctureoi th" male hybopygiu*, especially the dististyle. The pale color is
not due to a lenerif condition since all structures are evidently fullycolored.

parraisp. n.
Cryptotabis(Crypto1abis)
General coloration of thorax yellow, variegated with dark brown,
including three praescutal stripes;-head pale yellow; halteres with stem
dusky, fnob obicure yellow; wings whitish subhyaline, the outer cells
rvith-macrotrichia; Ri short and-nearly straight, oblique; cell Rr triangular in outlin e'; flt-cu about one-thiid its length !glol9- the fork of
Mi+n; male hypopygium with the dististyle a paddle-like arcuatedblade, before iti ap& with five or six powerful darkened spines;aedeagus
straight, unusually slender on more than the outer half.
Male.-Length about 3.5 mm.; wing, 3.9 mm.
Rostrum br:ownish yellow; palpi blownish black. Autennae withscapeblack; remainder of organ broken. Head pale y_ellolv.Pronotum above testaceous yellow, darker on sides. Mesonotum
obscure testaceousyellow, variegated with dark brown, including threepraescutal stripes ind the scutal lobes; posterior sclerites of notum
somewhat paler brown. Pleura dark brown, restricted-ly patternedwith paler, including the dorsopleural membrane and the dorsal portionof the sternopleurit6. Halteres with stem dusky, yellow basally, knob
obscure yellorv. Legs with the coxae and trochanters yellow; femora
and tibiie brownisti yellow, the tips narrowly more-darkened;.tarsi
broken. Wings whitish subhyaline; veins biown. Macrotrichia ofouter wing .611t numefous, occurring in cells Rz to Cu, inclusive.
\-enation:-Rs short and nearly straigiit, oblique; cell -Rr -triangular inoutline; fn-cu about one-third 1ts length before the fork of Ms+$
Abdomen brown, the hypopygium^dGiistytg a little more brownish yello-w.
termjnal in position, unusually\,Iale .hypopygium with th;consptcuous,appearing as a flattened paddle-shaPe-dblade, arcuated,
the tip obtuse; before apex with five oi six powerful darkened spinous
points that are directed outwardly. Aedeagusstraig-ht,-uncoiled,stout
bn basal fourth, thence narrowed gradually to the tip, for most of theunusually slender.
length"H^"ttot:
Mexico (Chiapas). Holotype, c/, San Antonio Nexapa,
November 20, 1932(Parra); M. F. 2220.
I take great pleasurein.naming this very distinct 4V fo.t the collector,
Inspector losd P"r.". It differs-from 9lhgt_generally.similar regional
6t ttt. subgenus, as Cryptolabi,s.(Cryptolabis) luteiceps Alex-"-b.tr
ander, in the structure of the male hypopygium, particularly the splnous
points on the dististyle and the conformation of the aedeagus.

I e16l

Alexander: Crane-Fl,iesof tr[exico

139

Molophilus Curtis

Be'ongsto,::"';::;:,,r;',T'Ti?:":#*i,ii;i;e(wing,ma

6 mm.); general coloration brownish black; antennae ihort; linobs ofhalteres very weakly darkened; wings with a brownish suffusion, darker
in thd stigmal area; male hypopygium with the basal dististyle anelongate rod, narrowed gradually to the acute spinous point, the apipal
fifth bent at virtually a right angle to the rem-ainder;-surfaceof 3tyte
with abundant microscopic spinulae over most of the length.
Male.-Length about 5.5 mm.; wing, 6 mm.
Rostrum light brown; palpi biack. Antennae dark brown, brokenb-eyond.the fourth segment; basal flagellar segments short-cylindrical,
the.entire organ evidently short. Head light gtry; anterior vertex andorbits darker gray; center of vertex dark brown.
Pronotum above obscure yellow, darker on sides; pretergites clear
tiSh_t_yellow. ,Mesonotal praescutum almost entirely- and uniformly
dark brown, the interspaces more reddened; humeral triangle yellow;
scutum chiefly dark brown, the lobes more reddened behind; posteriorsclerites of notum dark brown. Pleura almost uniformly darli reddish
brown, including the dorsopleural membrane. Halteres with stem
yellow, knob very weakly darkened. Legs with coxae clear lightyellow;_trochanters yellow; femora and tibiae obscure yellow, the tips
n-arrowly darkened; proximal tarsal segmentsobscure brownish yeliow,
the outer ones darker. Wings with a relatively strong brbwnish
suffusion,the stigmal region and a seamalong Cu,a little more darkened;prearcular field iight yellorv; veins brorvn, brighter in the prearculararea. Venation: R2 lying just beyond the level of r-m; petiole of cell
Mt-.apprgximately twice the gently sinuous m-cu; vein 2nd A long,ending about opposite midlength of the petiole of cell Ms.
Abdomen, including hypopygium, brownish black. Male hypopygium
rvith the beak of the basistyle slender. Outer dististyle a getrflyiurved
rod, the apical arrns very unequal in size and shape, the outer long andslender, the shorter lower arm more sheathirrg- Basal dististyle anelongate rod, straight for most of the length, the apical fifth bent at
virtually a right angle to the remainder; basal fourth of style moreswollen, provided both above and beneath with small spinous points;
the_organ thence very gradually narrowed to the acute tip,
- the iurface
with the small spinous points virtually to the apex. Phallosomic
plate with the outer portion suboval, rounded, the margin smooth.
Aedeaguselongate, slender.
Henrrar: Mexico (Chiapas). Holotype, d, Nueva America, February 22, I93L; no Dampf M. F. number.
This very distinct species requires little comparison with otherregional forms. In its _g_eneral- appearance it somewhat resembles
various species,such as Molophilus (Molophilus) falr Alexander, withelongate antennae in the male sex but such similarity is entirely superficial. The structure of the male hypopygium, particularly the b-asal
dististyle, of the present fly is entirely distinctive.