TOPICTALKISSUESTOPICTALKISSUESSECOND EDITION

Kirsty McLean

Teacher's
GuideContents

I.

General Introduction

1II. 	Answer Keys & Notes

3

III.

9

Tapescripts & Key Vocabulary

general introduction
Each unit of Topic Talk Issues takes between
2 and 3 hours to complete. The time it takes
to complete a unit will depend on a number ofthings: how the text is used, the level of yourstudents, the level of their motivation, thecohesiveness of the group, and other factors.
If you have less time, you can shorten the time
it takes to complete a unit by skipping the
Listening activity, or by assigning the Freewrite
as homework.

8. Most importantly: do not stop—write AS       MUCH AS YOU CAN! Don't stop for anything!
Initially, you will need to demonstrate how tofreewrite on the board so students can see whatstream of consciousness writing looks like. It
takes time to learn how to freewrite. Do not be
distraught if your students don't get it the firsttime—they will improve over time.
You may also need to demonstrate how to use apartner's writing as a basis for asking questions.
Point out that many questions can be generated
from even a very short piece of writing. For
example, if a student writes, "I caught a cold last
week," his/her partner may ask, "Did you go to
the doctor? Did you take any medicine? Did you
have to stay in bed? How do you feel now? How
often do you catch a cold? What's the sickest
you've ever been?", etc.

The units are not strictly graded according tolevel of difficulty and can therefore be done inany order, except Unit 12 which is a review unit.
However, the first three units are relatively
easy and less challenging, and should help
students get used to opening up and expressing
their opinions from the start.
For the activities in the book, follow the
instructions given in each unit. These are written
primarily to the teacher, but they are simple
enough to be understood by the students aswell. What follows are suggestions and answer
keys where needed, rather than comprehensive
Teacher's Notes. Not all activities are commented
on.

COMIC
This section introduces students to the topic ina unique and interesting way. Students read a
comic which contains the theme of the unit, andwhich is based on the life of the main characters,
Max and Sachi. Students can read the comic
quietly to themselves, teachers can read the
comic out loud as the students follow along, or
students can read the comic out loud together.
On the adjacent page, Comic Comprehension,
students complete six sentences to help themunderstand the message of the comic better, as
well as to help develop vocabulary. Just before
the sentence completion is a short activity(retell the story, predict what will be said next,etc.) that also aids comprehension and gets thestudents more involved with the story and characters.

Each unit of the Student's Book has four parts—
Freewrite, Comic, Speaking Activities, and a
Listening Activity.

FREEWRITE
This section is designed to arouse student interest
and attentiveness to the topic in a relaxing andnonthreatening way. Students freewrite anything
they want on the topic, exchange books with aclassmate, read each other's writing, and thenask each other a few questions, which will
possibly lead to further discussion.

SPEAKING ACTIVITIESTIPS FOR FREEWRITING:

Each unit has a variety of speaking activities
designed to help students express their ideas
and opinions on the topic/issue.

1. Write about anything related to the topic.
2. Keep writing—do NOT stop!
3. Do not erase (use a PEN if you have one)!

As much as possible, preteach all new vocabulary
before beginning each activity. You may also
want to have students keep a vocabulary notebook in which they write a set number of words
they have learned from each class.

4. Do not think about grammar or spelling!
5. Do not think about mistakes!
6. Relax! Let your thoughts travel from your    mind, down your arm, through your hand,    
    through your pen, and onto your book.

Some of the activities are accompanied by alittle face with a speech bubble. These aredesigned to help the students understand what
they are supposed to do, help them get started

7. If you cannot think of the right word in    English, or don't know the spelling,    write "?" or "word?"1

talking, and to remind them of the appropriate
grammar. Teachers should direct students'
attention to these before starting the speaking
activity.

Procedure:

When students are working in pairs asking eachother questions from the book, the student
answering the questions should always havehis/her book closed (or covered) as it is importants/he comprehend the questions by listening,
not by reading. Also, the student asking thequestions should try to look at his/her partner,
not at the book. Encourage the students toglance down at their books, and then look up
when asking the questions.

2. Play the recording and have the students dothe task.

1. Students should first read the directions in
the book and make sure they understand thetask to be done.

3. Play the recording again as necessary. If partsof the recording are too fast for your students,
you can read from the tapescript.
4. Check the students' answers by asking them toread out their choices, or have the students
compare their answers with a partner. Alternatively, photocopy the tapescript and have thestudents find the answers in the tapescript
and circle them.

Teachers should always encourage students togive REASONS for their opinions (the more logicaland well thought out, the better). Sometimes
students are asked to argue a point of viewthat's not their own. This encourages them tothink about issues from a different point of view,and helps them appreciate other people's opinions.

5. Finally, students should listen to the entire
recording again with their books closed.

Answer Keys & Notes
This section provides answer keys for the activities
in the book as well as individual unit notes.

A few activities (fill-in-the-blank, matching, etc.)
do not require students to give their opinions.
The purpose of these activities is to provide
information about important issues, giving students food for thought, which they may bringup in subsequent discussion. These activities
also provide speaking and listening practice in amore controlled way.

Tapescripts & Key Vocabulary
The tapescripts can be used solely as a reference
for the teacher, or they can be photocopied anddistributed either for classroom use or for homework. The tapescripts are also available at our
website: www.EFLPress.com. They can be downloaded and then modified, allowing teachers tocreate their own tailor-made exercises.

Whenever possible teachers should try to shareinteresting personal experiences that are relevantto the topic being discussed. For example, for
the Love and Marriage unit you could tell thestory about how you met your spouse or about
your wedding day (if you're married). For the
Animals unit, you could tell a story about a time
you went hunting, or a time you rescued a strayanimal, etc. Students really enjoy hearing thesekinds of experiences, it provides good listening
practice, and it brings the textbook to life.
Everyone has stories to tell.

Possible ways to use the tapescripts:
1. Have the students read the tapescript andlook up new vocabulary.
2. Have the students read the tapescript tocheck their answers after doing the listening
activity.
3. Students can listen to the recording while
following along reading the tapescript.
4. Students can work with a partner and practicesaying the tapescript for speaking practice.
5. Make gaps in the tapescript and have thestudents listen and fill in the missing words.
Possible things to gap out are important
vocabulary, reductions, contractions, orassimilations.

LISTENING ACTIVITIESEach unit has one listening activity. Students
listen to a recording on the topic which is basedon an unrehearsed authentic conversation. The
underlying approach behind Topic Talk Issues isthat students need to be exposed to authentic
English. As authentic English is used, students
are not expected to fully understand all the
language in the recording. Students must simply
listen and do the task given in the unit. If you
have higher-level students or want to emphasize
listening more, you can use the photocopiabletapescripts in this Guide to give the students
additional listening support.

Key vocabulary is listed in a bilingual format at
the end of each tapescript. Roman characters
are used for the Japanese so that non-Japaneseteachers can access the vocabulary and check
student comprehension where needed. It is up to
the discretion of the teacher which vocabulary toteach, or whether to preteach vocabulary before
listening to the recordings or to learn it afterwards.

2

Answer keys & notes
Page 13, Meeting a Vegetarian

Unit 1
Get the students to complete the six sentences
before doing the activity at the top of the page.

Answers:
1. She doesn't like/never liked eating meat.
2. It's better for the environment (to eat less meat).
3. She thinks the farming methods aren't kind toanimals (and the animals really suffer).

Answers:    1. b   2. c   3. a   4. a   5. c   6. b

Page 13, Culture Quiz

Page 4, Health Habits

Before you start this activity, make sure the students have their books closed!

Page 3, Comic Comprehension

If you feel some of the questions are too personal
for you to answer, you can skip the last part of theactivity.

Page 14, Testing on Animals
Script:Did you know that most household cleaners, cosmetics
and medicines have been tested on animals? Scientists
use animals to test whether a product is going tocause an allergic reaction, blindness, cancer, or otherproblems. Thanks to animal testing, there are manysafe medicines for humans to use. We also have awide variety of safe cleaning products, shampoos,deodorants and cosmetics to enjoy. Unfortunately,each year millions of animals suffer sickness, pain
and, death because of this testing. For example,
rabbits go blind when substances are dripped into
their eyes, or their raw skin is burned with chemicals.
Fortunately, some cosmetic companies make products
without testing them on animals. They put a message
like "not tested on animals" on their products sopeople can know what they are buying.

Page 5, Breaking the Addiction
Answers:
T, T, F, T, F, F
He thought it tasted bad.; He knew quitting would
be a good thing.

Page 5, Smoke Free
Possible Answers:-Get rid of cigarette vending machines.
-Ban all advertising (in newspapers, etc.).
-Make cigarettes really expensive.
-Ban smoking in all public places.
-Educate students about the dangers of smoking.
-Educate the public with (graphic) anti-smoking  
posters, TV ads, etc.
-Create support groups to help people who aretrying to quit.
-Make smoking illegal.

Page 16, Endangered Species
Instead of presenting the research in small groups,
the students could do them as speeches.

Page 6, Food Facts

Unit 3

Answers:
Partner A:  2, 4, 3, 6, 1, 5Partner B:  3, 6, 1, 4, 2, 5Page 19, Comic Comprehension
Answers:    1. b   2. b   3. c   4. b   5. c   6. a

For extra practice, one student can ask the questions
while his/her partner tries to answer with their bookclosed. Any answer that makes sense should be accepted.

Page 20, Danielle's Views on Fashion
Answers:
1. not important at all    2. loose clothes   
3. constantly   4. stiletto heals   5. consumers   
6. blue jeans and T-shirts   7. they want to lookgood and be part of the crowd    8. influences her
sense of fashion

Unit 2
Page 11, Comic Comprehension

Page 21, First Impressions

Get the students to complete the six sentences
before doing the activity at the top of the page.

Ask your students which words in the box are new
to them, and then preteach the new vocabulary
before beginning the activity. Emphasize that this is
an imagination game—there are no right or wrong

Answers:     1. c   2. b   3. c   4. a   5. a   6. b

3

Unit 5answers. Students do not need to be restricted tothe personality words in the box—they may use theirown ideas too. Get them talking about things otherthan personality—jobs, habits, likes, dislikes, etc.

Freewrite
This freewriting topic is much more general thanprevious units, and students might find it difficult towrite about unless you give them a choice of morenarrow topics such as:Page 22, The Game of Truth
As a way to review and extend, after finishing thegame, have the students close their books, stand up,
and mill about the room asking different classmates
any of the questions they can remember.

-Cultural differences between Japan and the USA-Cultural misunderstandings-Living abroad (in a new culture)-Traditional Japanese cultureetc.

Page 24, Sweatshops
The teacher could check the students' answers bylistening to the pairs who finish quickly. Those pairs
can then go and listen and check/help remaining
pairs.

Page 34, Comic
The kanji on the bottle that Kathy is holding reads'sake' (Japanese alcohol). The other vessels are forpouring and drinking sake.

Answers:
A:  7, 5, 13, 3, 15, 1, 11, 9   
B: 12, 2, 10, 4, 6, 16, 8, 14

Page 35, Comic Comprehension

Unit 4

Get the students to complete the six sentences
before doing the activity at the top of the page.
Answers:    1. c   2. a   3. b   4. a   5. c   6. b

Page 27, Comic Comprehension

Page 36, Living in Japan

Get the students to complete the six sentences
before doing the activity at the top of the page.

Answers:
1. Australia    2. four months    3. to improve his
Japanese   4. Yes, some. A lot of things are different
from Australia, like the food; Japanese don't eat asmuch meat.    5. He loves the people.    6. the language; it's really hard to communicate    7. his trip
to Kamakura   8. the relaxed attitude of Australians   
9. Enjoy yourself as much as you can, and you need
to be careful at times.

Answers:    1. b   2. a   3. b   4. c   5. b   6. cPage 29, Grandparents
As students are writing their questions, circulate andcorrect any grammar mistakes.

Page 30, Extended Families
The eldest son (or only son) is traditionally expected
to stay in the family home after marriage and takecare of his parents. This tradition is slowly dying inJapan.

Page 36, Interview Project
If you would like to give your students an additional
project to do, they can interview another foreigner,
this time writing a few of their own questions, video
the interviews, and then later the class can watch
the videos together. As the class watches, they can
try to write down the answers to the questions.

Answers:
graduate, expected, independent, follow, selfish,
nursing home, terrible, get along, stressful

Page 31, Close Families

Page 38, Traditional Culture Survey

You may need to remind students to check off theitems as they ask the questions so that it will beeasier to see which ones they have finished.

"hanami"—flower viewing

Page 39, Culture Debate"Respect-the-Elderly Day" (Keiro no Hi)—This is anational holiday in Japan, the purpose of which is foryounger people to respect the elderly (usually withinfamilies) by giving gifts, money, or attention.

"omiyage"—souvenirs
For a change of pace, you could get the students tostand up, in two rows, facing a partner. Give them
one minute to read the arguments for or against
buying omiyage, and then ask them to close theirbooks and argue for two minutes. After that, havethem change partners and do the same for keeping kanji—one minute reading, two minutes arguing.
Continue until they have done all four debates.

Page 32, A Broken Home
Answers:
1. 15 (almost 16)   2. a lot of reasons; they weren't
happy   3. She was really upset. (She was) mad andsad.    4. with her mom for a short time but after thatwith her dad   5. not very often—maybe once every
two weeks and (even) less than that sometimes   
6. her mom did   7. She thinks it was the best thing
and they are both happier now.    8. She hopes she
won't have to. (She hopes she'll marry the right
person.)Page 40, A Look at Four Cultures
Answers:
3, 1, 2, 4

4

unique, similar, fought, stole, populations, save,challenges

Unit 6

Page 54, Puzzle
Answer: The boy's mother was the doctor (Manypeople can't figure out the answer because of theirconditioning to assume doctors are men).

Due to the personal nature of this unit, as much as
possible, try to group students together who arefriends, or at least know each other somewhat. The
students will open up much more if you group themthis way, and if you encourage them not to be shy
and to try to lose their inhibitions as well.

Page 55, John's Jobs
Answers:
1. maintenance man and manager at McDonald's(worked at McDonald's); (close to) 5 years; yes; hewanted to get a job in his field (accounting)   

Page 43, Comic Comprehension

2. accountant; (a little over) 2 years; no; it was boring,
he didn't get along with his boss, (and he didn't likethe atmosphere.)Get the students to complete the six sentences
before doing the activity at the top of the page.
Answers:

1. c   2. a   3. c   4. c   5. a   6. b    

3. bicycle tour leader; summer (and fall); yes (it was
great); it was only a temporary job (for one summer)

Page 45, True Love

4. English teacher; 1 year; yes (it was very interesting); he had only a one-year contract (and Taiwan
was too crowded and noisy for him)

Script:When you first fall in love with someone, you feel
WONDERFULLY romantic, and the person you've
fallen in love with seems perfect in every way. Your
brain releases certain chemicals that make you feel
this way. But after a few months you start to feel
'normal' again. At this point, you may begin to notice
negative points about the person you fell in lovewith. In the beginning you feel ecstatic, but overtime the feeling changes. It's natural for couples tosometimes feel sad, to disagree about things, andto face problems. TRUE LOVE is when two people
always love each other, even when times are difficult.
Romance is an important part of true love, but onlya small part. There are many other ways that two
people must be loving towards each other if theywant to have true love that will last forever.

Page 56, Job Interviews
The interviews will go more smoothly if you givethe students time to prepare their answers for thequestions ahead of time, either in class or for
homework.
The jobs given in the textbook can be changed if you
feel other jobs would be more interesting for yourstudents to apply for.

Unit 8Page 59, Comic Comprehension

Page 46, True Love...continued

Get the students to complete the six sentences
before doing the activity at the top of the page.

Order of answers:
HELPS, AFFECTIONATE, SHARES EXPERIENCES,LAUGHS, COMMUNICATES, LOVES UNCONDITIONALLY, FAITHFUL, KIND, TREATS EQUALLY, HONEST

Answers:

Page 60, Shopping Survey

Page 47, Weddings

As students are writing their questions, circulate
and correct any grammar mistakes.

The average Japanese wedding in the mid-90s cost
8 million yen. Recently the cost has been going down,
where now, at the time of publication (2009) the
average is somewhere between 2 and 4 million yen.

Page 60, TV Commercial
Preparing for the commercials can take up a lot of
valuable class time. If you don't want to use classtime, students can prepare their commercials forhomework. Students could even make their own
videos for homework, and later the videos can beplayed for the rest of the class to see.

Page 47, Listening
Answers:
venue—zero, chairs—$200, food—$23 per person,bride's clothes—$460, groom's clothes—zero,
photographer—$550, flowers—$430,
Total costs—about $10,000

Usually the commercials with the most props andaction are the most interesting—it's important toremind students of this.

Unit 7

Page 61, Vocab
Answers:   humans-ningen, garbage-gomi,
consumers-shoohisha, pollution-koogai, global
warming-chikyuu ondanka, natural resources-tennenshigen, greenhouse gases-onshitsu kooka gasu, theenvironment-kankyoo, nonrenewable-saiseidekinai
mono, packaging-tsutsumi; pakkeji

Page 51, Comic Comprehension
Answers:

1. c   2. a   3. b   4. b   5. b   6. b

1. b   2. c   3. b   4. c   5. a   6. cPage 53, Love it or Leave it?
"izakaya"—a Japanese pub

5Page 62

junior high experience, or the questions can be  changed to present tense so they can talk about
their current school experience.

Answers:
Picture order:  5, 7, 9, 8, 1, 2, 6, 3, 4
1. natural resources    2. nonrenewable    3. natural
resources   4. Humans, global warming   5. pollution   6. environment   7. packaging   8. garbage   
9. environment
For extra practice, for review, or as a test—cut up
the pictures and put them in a stack face down.
Have the students take turns flipping over the
pictures and making sentences about what each
picture depicts. Do not expect the students to makesentences exactly like the textbook; accept anythingthat makes sense and is fairly grammatical.

Note that students may have to write "A Little"
instead of circling YES or NO if their partner answers"Maybe a little."

Page 71, A Success or a Failure?
Make sure students read and understand the statements before playing the recording. Explain any new
vocabulary.
Answers:
I found it hard to...; I failed...; I was happy...;I did two and a half years...; I'm running my...;I've achieved everything...

Page 63, Brainstorm Listening
Points native speakers covered:conserve gas (carpool, public transportation—takebuses and trains), use alternative transportation(bicycles and walking), conserve water (don't leave
the water running when you brush your teeth, takeshorter showers, take showers instead of baths),
don't litter, clean up litter, recycle, buy things madefrom recycled materials, don't buy excess items(only buy what you need), give your clothes to charity

Page 72, Homeschooling
You may find it easier to use Japanese to preteachthe vocabulary in the box as some of the words are
hard to explain. Glosses are as below:
academically-gakumonteki ni, commitment-sekinin,
dedicated-kenshinteki na, formal lesson-kyoozai otsukatta jugyoo, legal permission-hooteki na kyoka,peer(s)-onaidoshi no tomodachi, prevent-samatageru,
religious-shuukyoo no; shuukyooteki, socially-shakaiteki ni

After the students have listened to the recording
several times, they can compare the points they
heard with other classmates. If the listening is too
hard for your students, have them read the tapescript to find the answers.

Script:Homeschooling is when children stay home to get an
education instead of going to school. It is not thesame as truancy—homeschooling parents have been
granted legal permission to teach their children at
home.

Page 64, Opinions"Fukuro wa ii desu."—means "I don't need a bag."(at a shop).

Homeschooled children generally do most of theirlearning at home, but may also go to private lessons(such as music or dance) or belong to clubs andsports teams. Many of them also make good use of
public facilities such as libraries, museums and parks.

Unit 9Page 67, Comic Comprehension

There are many different styles of homeschooling.
Some parents give their children formal lessons,while others let their children learn just by following their interests. Generally, people who choose tohomeschool are very interested in and dedicated totheir childrens' education, and consequently often doa good job of it. Many homeschooled children go on
to be very successful at university and in business.
However, the opposite can also be true. Occasionally, there are parents without the necessary skills,
knowledge, or dedication to do homeschooling well,and their children are unsuccessful academically
and/or socially.

Get the students to complete the six sentences
before doing the activity at the top of the page.
Answers:    1. b   2. a   3. c   4. a   5. b   6. cPossible emotions Max felt:
bored, afraid, worried, stressed, nervous, embarrassed,
hopeful?, disappointed?

Page 68, Making Changes"juku"—a Japanese cram school. Many students
go to juku to help them pass entrance exams forelementary school, junior and senior high school,
and university.
"school cleaning duties"—refers to the reality thatJapanese students are often regularly required toclean their classrooms and other parts of the schoolbuilding and grounds.

There are many reasons why parents may choose tohomeschool their children. Some parents are worried
about violence and bullying in schools. Others want
to give their children a strong religious education.
Some homeschoolers believe their children will become
more independent and freethinking if they don't go
to a regular school, while others may feel that theschool environment does not suit their children's
style of learning. In some cases, people live too far

Page 69, Problems at School
If the textbook is being used with high school students, you can have your students talk about their6

away from a school or they travel continuously,
making homeschooling the only option.

Page 77, The News"bosozoku"—a Japanese motorcycle gang whichrides together late at night, often making a great
deal of (very irritating) noise.

However, homeschooling is not for everyone. It requires a big commitment from parents, which means
they do not have as much free time to follow theirown interests. One reason some people choose notto homeschool is that it often prevents one parent
from working full-time. Buying books and supplies
that a school would normally provide can make homeschooling expensive compared to going to a publicschool.  Another problem is that homeschooled
children might get lonely and have difficulty making
friends. Also, it may be boring for some children tostay home with their parents everyday instead of
mixing with a wider group of adults and peers.

As a possible extra project, students can work ingroups and prepare their own news reports to begiven either in front of the class or in small groups.
Ideas can be taken from the textbook, or students
can use real news they collect as homework. Alternatively, this can be done as a written exercise.

Unit 11
Page 83, Comic Comprehension

Homeschooling is practiced in countries all over theworld including the USA, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, England, Norway, and Taiwan. In Japan as well,people are becoming more interested in homeschooling. Would you want to homeschool your children?

Get the students to complete the six sentences
before doing the activity at the top of the page.
Answers:

Answers:
A   1. It's when children stay home to get an
education instead of going to school.   2. Yes, it's
legal.   3. Yes, most are. Many are very successfulat university and in business. But some children are
unsuccessful because their parents do not have thenecessary skills, knowledge, or dedication to dohomeschooling well.

Page 84, Are you a Nature Lover?
As a more challenging way to ask a second partner
the questions, have the students ask the questions
with their books closed. Write a one-word hint foreach question on the board:  poem, seeds, clouds,
leaves, moon, sunrise, etc. Don't expect them to get
the questions the same as the book—the purpose is
to communicate.

B   1. Because of violence or bullying in schools, or
to give their children a strong religious education.
Also, parents want their children to be more independent and freethinking. And in some cases, people
live too far away from a school or travel all the time,
so homeschooling is the only option for them.   
2. Often one parent has to stay home and cannot
work full-time. Also, homeschooling can be more
expensive compared to going to a public school.
Another problem is that homeschooled children
might get lonely and have difficulty making friends.
Also, it might be boring for some children to stayhome with their parents everyday instead of mixing
with a wider group of adults and peers.   3. All over
the world including the USA, Canada, New Zealand,
Australia, England, Norway, and Taiwan.

Page 84, Not so Nature Friendly
You may have to adjust the size of the groups
depending on the number of students in your class.

Page 85, Nature and the Environment
Tell students not to write in the boxes yet—wait
until doing the activity on the following page.
Answers:
1. I love it.   2. Niagra Falls   3. the Swiss Alps forskiing   4. more than they used to   5. global warming    6. school, clubs, TV    7. Yes.   8. fine people
who throw cigarette butts on the ground   9. I never
litter.  10. safe, healthy, clean

Page 86, Save the Earth

Unit 10

If you do this activity as a strip story, and you havemore or fewer than 12 students, you will have tohave a few students share a sentence or give a
few students more than one sentence to do. It is
important that you do not let the students keep theirsentence slips after they have been memorized—if
you do, the activity will not be as communicative.

Page 75, Comic Comprehension
Get the students to complete the six sentences
before doing the activity at the top of the page.
Answers:

1. a   2. b   3. a   4. c   5. c   6. a

1. c   2. c   3. b   4. c   5. b   6. b

Order:
11, 2, 12, 7, 3, 5, 1, 6, 8, 4, 9, 10

Page 76, Turned Off by TV
Answers:
1. F   2. T   3. T   4. F   5. F   6. T   7. F

Page 87, You be the Teacher
The group members should have their books closed
while listening.

1. study (and read)  2. play the guitar  3. talk withhis housemates

7

Page 88, True Tree Stories

Students may be confused by the forms "could" and"couldn't", thinking they are being used as the pasttense of "can" rather than as modal verbs used for
hypothetical situations. You may need to explain
this.

Story One:In the North Island of New Zealand there is a farmer
who once had a typical New Zealand farm. A typical
New Zealand farm is very big...a few hundred hectares...and most New Zealand farms don't have
many trees because farmers want the space to growgrass for their cows and sheep. Anyway, this farmer
decided to change his farm in a way that would help
the earth and help the people in his community.
What he did was turn part of his farm into a cemetery. Usually people in New Zealand are buried undera "headstone," but in this cemetery people's ashes
are buried under trees. The family of a dead person
can plant any kind of tree they like. Next to eachtree is a small plaque with the person's name on it.
As more people need to use the cemetery, the farmer
gives away more of his land. This cemetery is very
peaceful; it looks like a beautiful big park...it evenhas a pond. As time passes, more and more people
die and more and more land is used to bury the dead.
What a good idea this farmer had covering the earth
in trees rather than in headstones.

Unit 12Page 90, Crossword
Answers:
DOWN:  1. divorce   2. junk food   3. sweatshop
4. anorexia   5. organic   6. violence  
ACROSS:  7. cram school   8. vegetarian   9. extinct   
10. global warming   11. disposable

Page 92, Opinions
Preteach the word "cause" (You did volunteer work
to help a good cause.), giving a few examples, before the students start to play the game.

Page 93, Write your own Quiz

Story Two:In California there are forests of ancient redwood
trees. Forestry companies cut down these trees tomake money. Many people believe this is wrong.
Activists try many ways to stop the companies fromcutting down more trees. One young woman, Julia
Butterfly, climbed 180 feet up into a giant redwood
tree and didn't come down at all for two years. She
knew that the loggers couldn't cut down the tree
if she was in it. Her friends brought her food andwater, and she climbed around the tree for exercise.
Many people came to interview her. She was evenvisited by famous musicians and movie stars. As
people heard about what she was doing, more andmore people became interested in saving the redwood trees. Many people loved and admired her...but
not the loggers. They wanted her to come down sothey could cut down the tree and the trees aroundher. After two years, Julia and the forestry company
finally came to an agreement. Julia's supporters
would pay the company $50,000, and the company
would give the money to a university for logging
research. In return, the company agreed not to cut
down the tree Julia sat in or any other trees around it.

This activity can also be done as a game involving
the whole class. Students come up and read their
quiz questions while others listen and write theirguesses. When everyone is done, award a prize tothe student who got the most answers right.

Page 88, What can I do to help...?
Answers:
1. Don't use disposable chopsticks (Ancient trees    are cut down to make disposable chopsticks.).
2. Plant a tree.
3. Don't eat beef (Rainforests are burned down to    make space for raising beef cows.).
4. Use both sides of the paper.
5. Recycle paper. OR  Use recycled paper.
6. Don't use tissues.
7. Donate/give money to the Rainforest Action
    Network (You can find out about them on the    internet.).
8. Don't buy canned food or drink (Rainforests are    destroyed to get the minerals to make the cans.).

8

TAPESCRIPTS & vocabulary▲

Unit 1 Health

Tapescript—p. 5 Breaking the Addiction (Mike asks Laurence)
At what age did you start smoking?

I started smoking when I was in high school. I guess I was about fifteen.
Why did you start?
Well, some of my friends were doing it, and it seemed kind of cool.
Um-huh. How long...how long did you smoke?
Well, I actually didn't smoke continuously through high school. I actually stopped near 		the end.
So...
But then after I finished college my roommate smoked and I picked it up again.
Uh-huh. So you smoked for... how many years?
Uh...I think I was about...uh...I think I was about twenty-six or twenty-seven when I quit,
so I smoked for six or seven years I guess.
Were you a heavy smoker?
Eh...I didn't start out heavy but it got that way near the end.
So how many were you smoking before you quit?
I was smoking about a pack a day.
Uh-huh. And how did you quit?
Well, you know, the funny thing is I never tried to quit.
Uh-huh.
I just quit...uh...
It wasn't difficult?
No, it wasn't difficult actually...uh...and I recommend...uh...anyone who wants to quit 		
should try my way.
Why did you...how did you quit?
I actually quit when I got a cold. I got a cold one day and... um, you know, when you have acold your mouth tastes bad and your throat feels nasty. And I went home after work and 		took a puff of a cigarette and it just tasted bad, and it...and it... it felt bad in my throat and...
So you just quit in one day and...?
So then I put the cigarettes on the table and said, "I'm not going to smoke tonight." 		
And then...uh...the next day...uh...I said, "Well, that was a terrible cigarette I had last night!
I don't want any today."Uh-huh.
And then...uh...the third day I said, "Oh man, no more today either." And then after threeor four days I thought, "Hey—I don't have to smoke anymore!"
And...why did you decide to quit?
Well, just because...uh...like I said...uh...the last one tasted bad when I had the cold.
They just started tasting bad to you so...
Well, yeah. And then of course I always knew deep down inside that quitting was a good 		
thing...and so when I found the opportunity, I just took it.
Okay. And...are you ever tempted to smoke now?
Uh...actually...I was tempted to smoke for awhile after I quit, but...uh...the longer time
has gone on, the less I've wanted to smoke. And, in fact, now...uh...I...I don't...don't really like 				9smoking. In fact, it bothers me now.
Do your friends smoke?
Now, right now, I only have a couple of friends that smoke.
Are there many rules in America [about] where people can smoke and where they can't
smoke?
Well, in America it depends on the state. But a lot of states are really strict. Uh...I was in 		
California last year and...uh...you're not even allowed to smoke in bars there.
Oh, really?
Yeah. People who smoke have to go outside the bar to smoke, and then come back inside
to finish their beer.
What do you think of that rule?
I think it's great now that I'm not smoking. Ten years ago I might have been angry.

▲

Unit 1

HealthKey Vocabulary
Oh man (iyahaya)opportunity ("chance"; ii kikai)"picked it up again" (mata hajimeru)
recommend (susumeru; suisen suru)
strict (kibishii)
tempted (...suru ki ni naru)"the longer time has gone on, the less I've
wanted to smoke" (nagaku jikan ga tatsu
hodo suitai kimochi wa sukunaku naru)
took a puff (ippuku suru)

actually (jitsuwa; hontoo no tokoro wa)
bother (fukai ni saseru)
continuously (togire naku)
cool (kakkoii)
deep down inside (kokoro no oku dewa)
I guess (=I think)in fact (jitsuwa; hontoo no tokoro wa)
it depends on... (...ni yoru; ...shidai)
nasty (iya na; fukai na)
not allowed to (yurusare nai)▲

Unit 2 Animals

Tapescript—p. 13 Meeting a Vegetarian (Dave asks Kirsty)
Kirsty, I hear that you're a vegetarian.

Yeah, I am. I never eat red meat or chicken or pork, but I do eat fish occasionally.
		
So not really a strict vegetarian I'd say.
I see...so how long have you been a vegetarian?
Um...since I left home when I was eighteen. I grew up on a farm and I often watched my 		dad...um...kill the sheep and chickens for my mum to cook for our dinner. I...I never felt 		
comfortable with it. I never liked eating meat when I was a kid so when I left home I decided 		to become vegetarian.
You...you became a vegetarian when you were eighteen?
Yeah.
Before that you ate meat?
Yeah, I did. Yeah.
So the main reason you're a vegetarian now is that you don't like eating meat?
Uh...there's a few reasons. Like I said, I just don't like it. But also, I think it's better for the 		environment to eat less meat. And less fish...too many fish are being caught I think.
Um-huh.
Um...also, I think the farming methods aren't very kind to animals—the animals really sufferand I...I don't like that.
10

Do you think it's healthy to be a vegetarian?
Uh...some people think it's healthier not to eat meat...I'm not sure if that's true or not but 		
I feel healthy enough.
Meat is such a good source of protein. How do you get enough protein?
Well, I'm careful to try to eat lots of other foods that have protein such as tofu, seeds, 		nuts and beans.
Do you ever feel like eating meat?
No, not really.
Are there...do you have any problems about being a vegetarian?
Um...well, sometimes I feel uncomfortable having to explain to people that I don't eat meat,
especially if they're cooking a meal for me. I don't like to inconvenience people.
Would you raise your kids to be vegetarian?
I'm not sure. Maybe it's important for growing children to eat meat. I think I'd want my 		children to eat a little meat.

▲

Unit 2 Animals

Key Vocabulary
environment (kankyoo)feel comfortable with (something) 			
(...o kokochiyoku omou) 					good source of (protein) (=good way to get)inconvenience (someone) (...ni fuben o kakeru)		
method (hoohoo)

occasionally (tama ni)
raise (sodateru)
strict (vegetarian) (genkakuna)suffer (kurushimu)
uncomfortable (ochitsukanai; kizumari)▲Unit 3 Fashion

Tapescript—p. 20 Danielle's Views on Fashion (Katie asks Danielle)  
How important is fashion to you?

Oh, fashion's not important to me at all except maybe for entertainment value. I just like to 		see what's new on the models and stuff, but I don't really care for my own life.
Do you try and stay in fashion?
Not really. Sometimes I look at things in fashion magazines and I think, "Oh, that's really 		
cute!" or "I wish I could wear that." But I don't really care what's in style that much. For
me it's more important to wear clothes that are comfortable.
What kind of clothes do you usually like to wear?
Um...clothes that are comfortable, clothes that are um...loose because loose clothes 		are more comfortable. I don't like to wear anything tight.
How often do fashions change?
Constantly. Fashion trends are constantly changing...uh...they keep...the fashion designers 		
keep bringing back things from different eras. Fashions are constantly changing due to 		season, or weather, or color or...all those things.
What's a popular fashion style that you dislike?
Oh, stiletto heels—I think they're so ugly! They look so bad, and they must be really 		
uncomfortable, too.
Who...who do you think decides fashion trends?
Probably consumers because they're buying the product, but I think that fashion 			designers also have an influence. But most...mostly it's consumers who decide fashion 		
trends.
11

What are some styles that are always in fashion?

Oh—people are always going to wear blue jeans; people are always going to wear 			T-shirts...uh...things like that.
Why do you think so many people try to follow fashion?
To fit in. To be part of the...the crowd. Uh...to look good, and so that other people don't 		
make fun of them.
Do you think advertising influences your sense of fashion?
My sense of fashion? Yes—probably. Uh...I think it influences most people. It's what you see. 		
It's what's out there. It's what's going...it's what's all around you, so of course you're going
to be influenced by that. I certainly try not to be; I try to wear what I like without being 		
influenced by advertising, but I think it's impossible. Most likely I'm going to see it on some 		
skinny model and want to wear it.

▲

Unit 3

FashionKey Vocabulary
I don't (really) care (=It's not important)(be) a part of the crowd (ippantaishuu no hitori)
influence (eikyoo; eikyoo suru)
advertising (kookoku)			
make fun of (baka ni suru)...and stuff (...toka)			
most likely (tabun; osoraku)
constantly (taema naku)			
skinny (yasehosotta)
consumer (shoohisha)			
stiletto heels (=very high, narrow heels)
due to (...ni yotte)			
uncomfortable (kokochi warui)era(s) (jidai)
value (kachi)
fit in (choowa suru)										

▲Unit 4 Family

Tapescript—p. 32 A Broken Home (Michele asks Lindsay)
How old were you when your parents got divorced?

Um...I was in tenth grade so I was probably fifteen, going on sixteen.
Did they tell you why they got divorced or do you know now or...?
Uh...there were a lot of reasons. It's kind of complicated but, you know, neither of them 		
were happy and...I don't know...it was time for them to be apart.
How did you feel when you found out they were getting divorced?
Um...I was really upset. Pretty mad and sad. I tried to keep my feelings to myself, but that 		
only made me angrier.
Did your parents ask you how you felt?
They tried to talk to me, but I really didn't want to talk about it. I mostly kept my feelings 		
to myself.
Did you live with your mother or your father after the divorce?
I tried to live with my mom for a short time, but that didn't work out. So I went to live withmy dad.
So how often did you get to see your mother?
Um...not very often. I saw her maybe once every two weeks, and even less than that 		
sometimes.
Did either of your parents remarry?
Um...my mom did. She remarried soon after they got divorced. And my dad's still 			single. He has a girlfriend but...
12

Are they planning on getting married?

No, my dad's not getting married again.
How do you feel about the divorce now?
Uh...I think that it was the best thing...um...they're both a lot happier now and...um...itwas terrible at the time, but now I realize that it was the right thing for them to do.
Do you think that you would ever get divorced?
Um...I hope I wouldn't have to. I...I don't know...hopefully I'll marry the right person andwe won't have to get divorced.

▲

Unit 4

FamilyKey Vocabulary
be apart (wakareru)							complicated (fukuzatsu na)					didn't work out (umakuikanai)					get divorced (rikon suru)		
going on (sixteen) (moosukoshi de 16 sai ni naru)		
hopefully (umaku ikeba)		
"keep my feelings to myself" (kanjoo o mune ni shimau)

mad (hara ga tatsu)
mostly (taitei wa; hotondo wa)
realize (satoru; hakkiri wakaru)
remarry (saikon suru)
upset (urotaeru; kokoro o midasu)▲

Unit 5 Culture    

Tapescript—p. 36 Living in Japan (Mike asks Degan)
Where are you from?

I'm from Australia.
Australia—which part?
Melbourne.
Melbourne. And how long have you been living in Japan?
Uh...four months.
Just four months?
Yeah—only four months.
Why did you decide to come here?
Uh...I wanted to improve my Japanese.
Oh, so you're studying Japanese now?
Yeah. Yeah, I've been studying at the local ward office...in my town.
Uh-huh. Did you study Japanese in Australia?
I did, yeah. Two years at high school and three years at university.
So you're pretty good at Japanese now?
Uh...I wouldn't say that. My spoken Japanese isn't that great. I'm better at reading and 		
writing than I am at speaking.
Really?
Yeah.
Did you experience any culture shock when you arrived?
Uh...yeah, some.
In what way?
Uh...let's see...a lot of things are different here. For example, the food is very different fromwhat I was used to in Australia. Back home I eat a lot of meat, but here I eat a lot of rice.
So you miss your...do you miss your food?
I do, yeah—definitely.
13

What do you like about living in Japan?
I love the people. Uh...they're extremely friendly and very very helpful.
What do you find difficult about living in Japan?

The language. Uh...even though I've studied Japanese for five years...uh...I find it really hard
to communicate.
What's your most memorable experience so far?
Uh...difficult question. Uh...I would say that my trip to Kamakura was my most memorable 		experience.
Did you see the Big Buddha?
I did. It was excellent. Fantastic.
What do you miss about your own culture?
I think the relaxed attitude of most Australians.
Yeah, that's right—Australians are very relaxed.
Yeah, very. Very relaxed. Yeah. Yeah, the lifestyle's a little different.
What advice would you give to a Japanese person who was going to live in your country?
Uh...I would say enjoy yourself as much as you can. There's a lot of great people to meet 		and lots of things to see and do. Of course, when going to any new country, you always need
to be careful at times.

▲

Unit 5 Culture

Key Vocabularydefinitely (zettai ni)
extremely (totemo)
fantastic (subarashii)
I find... (...to kizuku; ...to wakaru)
I wouldn't say that (soo wa ienai)
improve (jootatsu saseru)

in what way? (donna koto de?)memorable (experience) (wasurerarenai)
relaxed attitude (kudaketa taido)
so far (ima made no tokoro)
ward office (yakusho; yakuba)▲

Unit 6 Love & Marriage

Tapescript—p. 47 Weddings (Dave asks Nancy)
Nancy, how long have you been married?

About two and a half months.
Two and a half months?
Yeah.
What style of wedding did you have?
We had an outdoor...kind of traditional wedding, except for the setting outdoors was not
so traditional.
Not...not in a church?
No.
Oh...on a beach or...?
It was right next to the ocean...
Oh really?
Um...beside a restaurant. We had the reception in the restaurant.
How many guests were there?
Two hundred and fifty.
14

Two hundred fifty!? That's a pretty big wedding, isn't it?

Yeah. Well, I thought it was big but, you know, some weddings are much bigger.
Was your wedding expensive?
Um...it cost a lot of money, but I would say it wasn't that expensive.
About how much money do you think it cost for everything? Roughly.
Um...probably...about ten thousand dollars.
Um...how did you keep the costs down?
Well, my husband's in the Air Force so we got married at the Air Force Base. And that meant
we didn't have to pay anything for the venue. It saved us a lot of money. Um...we just had 		to pay about two...two hundred dollars to rent some chairs for the ceremony.
Two hundred for the chairs and nothing for the venue—that's pretty good. And...how
about the food, was that expensive?
Um...not really. We had to pay...about twenty three dollars per person for the meal. The 		food was really good, but I didn't get to eat much of it because I was too busy and too...		
too nervous. Plus...we had to pay for drinks as well, of course.
What...what kind of wedding gown did you wear?
Kind of...um...a fairly long traditional gown.
White?
And white—uh-huh. And, you know, fancy material with embroidery and netting.
Was...did you buy it or rent it?
I bought it.
How much did that cost?
It was about four hundred and sixty dollars.
Uh-huh...and what about your...your husband? What [will] did he wear?
He wore his military dress uniform.
So not a tuxedo? Just a military uniform?
Well, it's... it...it looks kind of like a tuxedo. He already owned it so we didn't have to pay 		
anything for that.
Uh-huh. Did you hire a professional photographer?
Yep.
How much did that cost?
That was five hundred and fifty dollars, kind of expensive but the photos came out great
so I think it was worth it.
What other things did you have to pay for? Can you think of anything?
Flowers. We spent...
How much?
We spent...four hundred and...probably four hundred and thirty dollars on flowers.

▲

Unit 6

Love & Marriage

Key Vocabulary
air force base (kuugun kichi)
ceremony (shiki)				
embroidery (shishuu shitearu)
except (for) (...o nozoite wa; ...igai wa)
fairly (long) (kekkoo)
groom (hanamuko; shinroo)
hire (yatou)
I would say... (=I think...)it was worth it (...suru kachi ga atta)"keep the costs down" (hiyoo o yasuku osaeru)
nervous (kinchoo suru)
reception (hirooen)
roughly (=about)setting (haikei)
That meant... (=So...)yep (=informal "yes")

15▲

Unit 7 Jobs

Tapescript—p. 55 John's Jobs (Mike asks John)
What kind of jobs have you had?

Um...Well, the first job...uh...that I can remember was in high school. I had a part-time job 		
working at McDonald's.
McDonald's?
Yeah. I started out as a maintenance man and...uh...mostly on the weekends. And...uh...		
after a couple of years I got to be Manager, so all the way through university I worked at 		
McDonald's.
Uh-huh. How many years?
So altogether close to five years.
Huh. Did you...did you like it?
Actually, I did like it. Um... it kind of surprises people, but...uh...a lot of my friends were 		
working there so that made it a lot of fun. But when I graduated from university, I really 		
wanted to get a job in my field so I got a job as an accountant after that.
An accountant?
Yeah. I moved to the city of Albany and...uh...I worked as an accountant for a little over 		
two years and uh...
Was that...New York?
Yeah. Albany, New York. It's the capital of New York State. And...um... I...I didn't really like 		that job. And...and I remember clearly sitting in my office and looking out the window onsunny days thinking, "There's got to be a better job than this!"An accountant's job is famous for being boring.
That's right, it was boring and I really didn't get along with my boss. Um...he was always asking
me to work overtime and...uh...saying, "you should be reading accounting journals" and things
like that. I didn't really like the atmosphere there, so I went back to university and I got my
Master's degree in English, and... uh...at that time I started getting into bicycling...
Huh.
...and...um...I got a job as a bicycle tour leader in Vermont.
Huh. A bicycle tour leader—that sounds interesting.
Yeah. That was really a great job. I loved it. People from all over the country would come to
Vermont and go on these bicycle tours. Uh...and I would show them the routes and take themto all the best places to eat great food.
Sounds like a great job!
Yeah, it was. I mean, the pay was low, but the people gave a lot of tips.
Uh-huh. Was it full-time?
Yeah, it was full-time but only for one summer. I wanted to work longer but by October it's
too cold in Vermont, so that job was finished.
What did you do after that?
Uh...after that I wasn't sure what to do. I went back and stayed with my parents for a while.
Then I read in a magazine about a job teaching English overseas in Taiwan. So I applied for 		that job and I got it.
Wow—Taiwan. Did you like that job?
Um... yeah. That...that was a very interesting job. I mean, it was my first time overseas andit was my first time teaching. So I really enjoyed it and I liked the students a lot. And after 		
that year, I really felt like teaching is what I wanted to do. Uh, but I just had a one-year 		
contract and...and certain aspects of living in Taiwan were difficult. Um...it's very crowded 		and noisy and I come from a small town, so after my contract was finished, I decided to look 		for another job teaching English.

16▲

Unit 7 Jobs

Key Vocabulary
accountant (kaikeishi; keirishi)
actually (jissai; jitsuwa)
apply for (mooshikomu; oobo suru) 		
atmosphere (fun'iki)
capital (shuto)
certain aspects (aru men) 				contract was up (keiyaku ga kireta)
get along with (someone) (...to nakayoku suru)
get into (something) (...ni hamaru; ...ni muchuu ni naru)

I mean... (Tsumari...)in my field (jibun no senmon bunya)
maintenance man (doogu ya setsubi
no seibitenken o suru hito)
mostly (taitei wa; hotondo wa)
overseas (kaigai no; kaigai e)remember clearly (hakkiri to oboeteru)
route(s) (michisuji; ruuto)▲

Unit 8 Shopping

Tapescript—p. 63 Brainstorm Listening (Michele—Melissa—Mike)
One idea I had was to...um...carpool.

Carpool?
Yeah, I mean people should have to share a car to get to work instead of only one
person in each car.
		 Yeah, that's a good idea. Carpooling saves gas and cuts down on pollution.
Okay—so carpools.
And it cuts down on greenhouse gases.
Also like public transportation—taking buses and trains and stuff.
That's good, too. Or walk...or...um...ride a bike.

Yeah, that would help to converse fuel, too.
Um...another idea would be to conserve water. Um...like don't leave the tap runningwhen you brush your teeth.
		 Yeah.
Right.
Try to take shorter showers.
		 Take showers instead of baths.
Okay, how about litter? We could help the environment by not littering...and by pick...
picking up litter um...when we see it.
Yeah. How about cleaning up parks and...and beaches and stuff?
Yeah.
		 Also, recycle aluminium and plastic. Cans, plastic, paper...glass...
Yeah, good.
Okay...how about...um...like buying things that are made from recycled materials...likerecycled paper?
That's good too. An(y)...any other ideas?
What about like giving your old clothes away to charity, you know, instead of throwing
them away? Like your shoes, or your old clothes, or things like that?
That's really a good idea.
		 Yeah, it's less garbage and you're helping people.
Yeah.
17

▲

Unit 8

Shopping

Key Vocabulary...and stuff (...toka)
I mean... (Tsumari...)
carpool (ainori)instead of (...no kawari ni)
conserve (setsuyaku suru; mudazukai shinai)
like... (=for example...)"cuts down on (pollution)" (taikiosen o herasu) 			
litter (chirakasu (v); gomi(n) )don't leave the tap running 		pollution (koogai; taikiosen)(mizu o dashippanashi ni shinai)
public transportationfuel (nenryoo)(kookyoo no kootsuushudan)
					

▲

Unit 9 School

Tapescript—p. 71 A Success or a Failure? (Katie asks Sarah)
Where did you go to school Sarah?

I went to Westown High School.
Uh-huh. And did you enjoy school?
Some days. But not usually.
Why not?
Um…I felt like it was too hard for me so I lost interest and I didn't learn much. I found it 		
hard to do exams and read. I just...I don't know...I couldn't read properly.
How did you do in your exams?
Oh...I failed miserably.
Uh–huh. And…um…how old were you when you dropped out?
Uh…fifteen.
Fifteen.
Yeah, fifteen.
And…um…how did you feel…how did you feel when you left school?
Oh, I was happy to leave school.
You were?
Absolutely. I didn't really want to be there.
Hmm…and…um…what did you do after you left?
Uh…I worked in cafes for a while. You know, washing dishes, serving people...a bit of 		
cooking. Then...uh...I went traveling.
Oh yeah?
Yeah. I did two and a half years of traveling. Really enjoyed it.
Cool. So what are you doing now?
Um…running my own sandwich-espresso bar.
Yeah? Oh, cool. How's it going?
Really well.
Yeah?
Yeah—it's really successful.
Cool. So you're the...do you own the business?
Yeah, I own it and I manage it.
Wow. And are you happy with your life now?
Yeah. Yep, I've achieved everything I wanted to achieve.
So school wasn't a great success, but now you're really successful. So what...what do
you think is the reason for that success?
Uh...I guess I was just really determined to prove something to myself and...uh...to 			everyone at school—that I can achieve whatever I wanted to do.
18▲

Unit 9 School

Key Vocabulary(failed) miserably (mijime ni)
properly (chanto; tadashiku)
prove (something) to (someone)(...ni shoomei suru)run (a business) (keiei suru)
successful (seikoo shita)
yep (=informal "yes")absolutely (totemo)achieve (eru; nashitogeru)
be determined (kataku ketsui suru)
cool (kakkoii)
drop out (of school) (taigaku suru)(I) found... (wakaru; shiru)
How's it going? (Umaku itteru?)
I guess... (=I think...)▲Unit 10 TV & Movies

Tapescript—p. 76 Turned off by TV (Dave asks John)
How often do you watch TV?

Um...actually I don't watch TV.
You don't watch TV at all?
I...I can't really say 'never'—when I go back to my parents' house and stay with them 		...uh...I'll watch a little, but other than that I watch no TV.
Do you have a TV?
Um...well, there is a TV in the house where I live...um...it's not my TV...
Right.
...it's my housemates'. And the only reason they have it is to watch videos. So they
don't watch TV either, only videos.
So you don't like TV?
Um...I would say that I hate TV.
Why?
Well, there's a...there are a few reasons. I would say the main reason is commercials.
You don't like commercials?
No, I don't. I get sick of the constant effort to get people to buy things. You know, the...		
the message is always "you need more, you need more, you need this to be happy; youneed that to be happy." So if you sit down for a 30-minute program...um...one third of it
is just commercials telling me the kind of person I should be, and the...the things I should 		
have. I don't like it.
What if TV had no commercials, would you like TV then? Do you like the programs?
I...I would say maybe some. Uh... there are some educational programs that I think are very
good...and...uh...there are some comedy shows that I'll laugh at. But even then, I feel it's 		
sort of a waste of time.
What do you do in your spare time instead of watching TV?
Um... I study...um...I read...I play guitar stuff like that. I bought a guitar and...um... I spend 		time practicing guitar. I spend...I spend time talking with my housemates. We sit around and 		
talk and laugh. We have a good time.
When is the last time you watched TV? Can you remember?
Um...
Yesterday?
No it wouldn't be yesterday. Probably last summer when I was back at my parents' house.
Do you ever go to movies or watch videos?
Um... not very often. I don't really care for movies, although I think there are some very 		
19good movies. But mostly they're...they're too violent, or they have some kind of message 		telling us what we need in life to be happy, or a lot about romantic love.
You don't like romantic love?
I...I can't say that I don't like romantic love, but I think people get obsessed with the whole 		idea, and it's mainly because of movies and TV.
Would you let your children watch TV?
Um...I would have to discuss that with my wife, but...uh...my hope would be no TV.
What if your...your son says, "Dad Dad I want a TV for Christmas?" You'd...you'd say?
I'd...I'd say, "Sorry Son."▲

Unit 10 TV & Movies

Key Vocabulary
get sick of (something) (...ni unzari suru)
instead of (...no kawari ni)
mostly (taitei wa; hotondo wa)
other than that (sore igai wa)
sort of (=kind of )stuff like that (sonoyoona koto)a waste of time (jikan no muda)
actually (jitsuwa; hontoo no tokoro wa)(I) can't say that I don't like...
(...sukijanaitte wake dewa nai)
"constant effort" (taemanai huntoodoryoku)
don't care for (something) (suki dewa nai)
get obsessed (toritsukareru)▲

Unit 11 Nature

Tapescript—p. 85 Nature and the Environment (Melissa asks Maureen)
Do you enjoy being out in nature?

Yeah, I love being out in nature. It's great.
What famous natural places have you been to in your country?
Um...I've been to Niagra Falls and that's about it.
What natural place in the world would you like to visit most?
Um...I would really like to go skiing in the Swiss Alps; it's something I've always wanted to do.
Do you think most people in your culture respect nature?
I think so. Um...more now than they did before.
What do you think is the most serious environmental problem in the world today?
Today...I think I'd say global warming. Um...and cutting down rainforests...which I...I guess is 		related to global warming.
How do you learn about environmental problems?
Um...education through school...um...also a lot of clubs teach about environmental 			problems and stuff like that, and TV too.
Do you think students should learn more about the environment at school?
I think so. So as they grow older they can help find the answers to the problems and toprevent like...um...more problems from happening.
If you could make a new law to help protect the environment, what would it be?
A new law for the environment...mmm... I'd probably say I'd make it illegal to throw 			
cigarette butts on the ground. I hate it when people do that. So they should be fined ifthey throw them on...on the floor or on the ground.
That's a good idea. What do you personally do to help protect the environment?
I am so against littering. I never litter. If I see somebody litter, I get so frustrated. So I 		
always throw my trash in the garbage.
20

What kind of environment would you want your children to grow up in?

In a safe and healthy environment with no pollution and no garbage anywhere.

▲

Unit 11NatureKey Vocabulary
be against (something) (...ni hantai suru)
be related to (something) (...to kankei ga aru)		
cigarette butt (tabako no suigara)		
environmental (kankyoo no)		
(be) fined (bakkin o torareru)
get frustrated (mukamuka suru)
I guess (=I think)illegal (kisokuihan; ihoo no)					

21

litter (chirakasu)
personally (kojinteki ni)
pollution (koogai; taikiosen)
prevent (fusegu)
protect (hogo suru)
respect (sonchoo suru)
stuff like that (...toka)
that's about it (maa sonna tokoro)