5-2. Supporting HFA Implementation in the AsianRegion5-2-1. HFA Progress of Member Countries
The Asian Conference on Disaster Reduction (ACDR) 2010 was held in Kobe, Japan from 17 to
19 January 2010. Prior to the conference, the member countries were asked to fill in questionnaires
to review the progress of HFA. Out of 28 member countries, 16 responded. The followings are theoutline of its results.

5-2-1-1. Analysis
Although there is disparity in the progress of the HFA implementation among member countries,
most of them made progress forward in line with the principles of the HFA. Although developed
countries are, of course, making the stead progress, among developing countries those who aredisaster-prone or who experienced massive disasters recently are also likely to have made progress.
It is noteworthy that international organizations are strenuously engaged in assisting these countries
in HFA implementation. Therefore, assisting those countries in HFA implementation by donororganizations is one of the important factors to advance HFA implementation.
As year 2010 is the turning of HFA implementation period, its implementation should be
strengthened, taking into consideration the results of Mid-Term Review of HFA carried out by
UNISDR.

54

5. Promoting Cooperation with Member Countries, International Organizations and NGOs
1 Priority for action 1:Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation
1-1. National policy and legal framework for disaster risk reduction exists with decentralised responsibilities and capacities at all levels
Armenia
Azerbaijan
BhutanIndia
IndonesiaJapan
Lao PDR
National laws for
Law on Seismic(2005)
National Disaster Disaster
Law No. 24 Year Basic Act on
Decree No.
disaster risk
Protection
Management Act Management Act 2007 on Disaster Disaster Control
158/PM
reduction
Measures(2002)(to be endorsed in (2005)
Management(1999)(Year of2010)
(2007) and others (1961, periodicallyenforcement)

National policy fordisaster risk
reduction(Year ofenforcement)

Malaysia(Blank)amended)National LongTerm Program on
Seismic Risk
Reduction（1998）(The Ministry
works out thestate policy andregulation.)

National Disaster National Policy on
Risk Management Disaster
Framework
Management(2006)(2009)

National Action
Basic Disaster
Plan for DRR
Prevention Plan
2010-2012(annually(currently being
reviewed)
finalized)
National Disaster
Management Plan
2009-2014

1-2. Dedicated and adequate resources are available to implement disaster risk reduction activities at all administrative levels
Armenia
Azerbaijan
BhutanIndia
Indonesia
Japan
Routine Funding approximately 2.1
Funds allocation 15 mln. USD(Blank)(Blank)Calamity Relief
to support
trillion yen
for disaster risk
Fund
reduction
National Calamity ministries/departm
Contingency Fund ents' routine andoperationalMany
activities
development
especially DRR
schemes inbuilt
DRR
Armenia
Azerbaijan
BhutanIndia
Indonesia
Japan
Ministry of
Ministry of
Department of
National Disaster National Agency Cabinet Office
Department for
Emergency
Emergency
DisasterManagement
disaster risk
for Disaster
Situations
Situations
Management
Authority
reduction atManagement
incorporates(12 persons)(35 persons)national Level(BNPB)
Armenian NSSP,(number of staff)(113 persons)(Blank)NSC Directive No.
20: Policy andMechanism for
National Disasterand Relief
Management(1997)

Lao PDR
Not adequately
allocated

Malaysia
Flood Mitigation
Project (RM5.81
billion for 20062010) and others

Lao PDR
National Disaster
Management
Office(8 persons)

Malaysia
DisasterManagement
Division, National
Security Council(360 persons
including districtlevel)

Armenian S&R
Service,Hydrometeorology
and Environment
Monitoring Agency(4,500 persons,nationwide)

1-3. Community participation and decentralization are ensured through the delegation of authority and resources to local levels
Armenia
Azerbaijan
BhutanIndia
IndonesiaJapan
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Basic Framework for Local disaster
System to ensure Administrative and Establishing
District Disaster
CBDRM training Decentralized
Local level
Promoting acommunity
management
Regional
and Relief
and capacity
governancecapacity is only
participation incommittee
Departments ofManagementbuilding programs system forvery limited due to Nationwide
disaster risk
(provincial andArmenian NSSP
Committee andDisasterdisasterthe reasons that Movement for
Disaster Reduction reduction
district DM
and Armenian
State Disaster andmanagement
management
much of the
Actions with Added
committees, as
S&R Service
Reliefcommittees at the District Disasterexisting resources Value to Security
well as village
Management
Block andManagement
is still pooled atand Safety (2006)
disaster protection Committee (NSC)
community level
Authorities at the the national
unit)
district levelgovernment

1-4. A national multi-sectoral platform for disaster risk reduction is functioning
Armenia
Azerbaijan
BhutanIndia
Multi-sectoral
N.A.
(Ministry's
National Disaster National Disaster
platform forcollective
Management
Management
disaster risk
responsibility)
Authority (to be
Authority
reduction
formed)(2005)
National
Committee forDisasterManagement(2006)

Indonesia
Japan
Platform Nasional Central Disaster
Pengurangan
Management
Risiko Bencana
Council(Planas PRB)
(2008)

55

Lao PDR
N.A.

Malaysia
National Disasterand Relief
Management
Committee (NSC)(1997)

1 Priority for action 1:Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation
1-1. National policy and legal framework for disaster risk reduction exists with decentralised responsibilities and capacities at all levels
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Singapore
Sri Lanka
ThailandNational laws for
Law on Disaster
N.A.
Natural Calamity National Disaster Civil Defence Act Disaster
The Disasterdisaster risk
Protection
Act
Management(1986), and others Management Act Prevention andreduction(2003)(1982)
Ordinance
No 13
Mitigation Act(Year of(2006)(2005)(2007)
enforcement)

National Program Standing Order on National Strategy National Disaster Homefront Crisis National Policy for The Strategic National
Natural Disasteron Disaster Risk Risk Management Management
on Natural
Disaster
Action Plan (SNAP) on
Management
Reduction
Framework
System to execute Management In
DisasterDRR (2010-2019)(2009)(2007)
the Operation Civil Sri Lanka
Reduction (1999, (2009)
Emergency (Ops (draft to bepreparedness &CE) Planprevention)
approved)(1997)
State Policy on
DisasterProtection (to beapproved)
National Programon Earthquake
Risk Reduction
1-2. Dedicated and adequate resources are available to implement disaster risk reduction activities at all administrative levels
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Singapore
Sri Lanka
ThailandFunds allocation 1.5 millions US$ 120 million (Kyat) Allocated Sector USD 3.6 million
allocated to
US$ 1.2 mns (for US$86,298,100 (FY
for disaster risk
per year (forwise annuallyvarious ministries mitigation in 2008) 2010)
reduction
response)
National policy fordisaster risk
reduction(Year ofenforcement)

Department fordisaster risk
reduction at
national Level(number of staff)

Mongolia
National
Emergency
Management
Agency (NEMA)(3,000 people
nationwide)

MyanmarRelief andResettlement
Department(591, nationwide)

Nepal
Ministry of Home
Affairs (3,759
people,nationwide)
Dept. of Water
Induced Disaster
Prevention (249people)Pakistan
National Disaster
Management
Authority (NDMA)(111 persons)Singapore

Sri Lanka

1-3. Community participation and decentralization are ensured through the delegation of authority and resources to local levels
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Self Governance NCBDRM project Community Safety Engagement of
System to ensure NEMA Emergency Disasterand Security
community
under the one
Act, Village
Management/
Management
community
Programmeorganiasations in
UNJoint DRM
Development
Departments and Preparedness
participation in
the process ofProgramme, and (CSSP)
Committee,
Commitees in
Divisions in
disaster risk
amendments ofothersMetropolitan
aimags (districts) eachreduction
DM ActCommittee,
administrative
Districtlevel
Development
Committee (forpreparedness)
1-4. A national multi-sectoral platform for disaster risk reduction is functioning
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Singapore
State Emergency N.A.
National Platform National Disaster Operation Civil
Commission(2009)
Management
Emergency (Ops(2005)
Authority (NDMA) CE) Plan
(2006)

Multi-sectoral
platform fordisaster risk
reduction

56

ThailandHomefront Crisis
Disaster
Department of Disaster
Executive GroupManagement
Prevention and(HCEG) underCentreMitigation (DDPM),
Homefront Crisis(National level: 75, Ministry of Interior
Ministerial
Sub-national level: (2,057 nationwide)
Committee (HCMC)
135)
Singapore Civil
Defence Force(SCDF)
subordinated HCEG
(2,145 persons
nationwide)

Sri Lanka
National Disaster
Management
Coordinating
Committee(NDMCC)(2007)

ThailandThe National Plan on
Disaster Prevention
and Mitigation,
Community-Based
Disaster Risk
Management(CBDRM), and others

ThailandNational Committee on
Disaster Prevention
and Mitigation(NCDPM) (2007) andothers5. Promoting Cooperation with Member Countries, International Organizations and NGOs
2 Priority for action 2:Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning
2-1. National and local risk assessments based on hazard data and vulnerability information are available and include risk assessments for key sectors
Armenia
Azerbaijan
BhutanIndia
IndonesiaJapan
Lao PDR
Hazard maps (TS, Under
Development ofSeismic Hazard
Under
Hazard Zonation Vulnerability Atlas National level
hazard maps
Map for thedevelopment
for Punatsangchu of India
hazard data have FL, LS, VO, EQ) development with(Type of disasters) territory of
Basin(EQ, ST, FL)been produced by by local public
support of UNDP
(Year of
Armenia(GLOF)(1997, revised in the different
bodies (available
completion)
Hazard Maps for(2007)
2007)
sectorial ministries in the website)
Major Cities and(All types)
Settlements(EQ, LS) (since
1998)
Risk assessment Development of(Type of disasters) appropriate(Year ofmethodology andcompletion)commonapproaches for
multi hazard risk
assessment(All types)(sind 1998)

Community based Assessment on
Local Disasterthe housing sector Management
disaster risk
assessment in 4 (EQ, FL, ST, LS) agencies (BPBD)
has been
districts
preparing hazard(on going)
maps

Assessment ofUnderdamages anddevelopment withcountermeasures in support of UNDP
possible large-scaledisasters by theCommittees forTechnical
Investigation under
the Central Disaster
Management
Council2-2. Systems are in place to monitor, archive and disseminate data on key hazards and vulnerabilities
Armenia
Azerbaijan
BhutanIndia
IndonesiaJapan
Lao PDR
Covering for all of N.A.
DisasterNational
Use of information System to Inform (Blank)
National level
Japan’s nationalsources such as and report fromdisastermonitoring system Observation
rainfall map,
districts to themonitoring system territory(Types of hazards) Network
incorporating
geological data or Department
The archive(All types)
system andabout 150 stations disaster history
dissemination of(EQ)
hazard data by theindividual
responsible
sectorial agencies/
ministries
Disaster
Information
system (archive &dissemination ofdata)

Armenia
Azerbaijan
Processes for data Archiving thecollection,
information in aarchiving andspecial databasedissemination are
in place(All types)

BhutanN.A.

Malaysia
Hazard maps ofLandslide, Haze,
Earthquake, Flood(reviewed on
yearly basis)

Risk Assessmentof Landslide and
Major
Earthquakes(reviewed on
yearly basis)

Malaysia
Early Warning
System for
Earthquake
Tsunami,Drought, Flood,Landslide, Haze

India
IndonesiaJapan
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Technical
DIBI (Indonesian Disaster
Records ofInformation
organizations have Disaster Data and Information
disaster impact
System forbeen identified to Information)
Sharing Platform information since Landslide, Haze,
monitor, archive(ongoing(in the process of 1996
Flood
and disseminate development)
development)
Disaster databasedata on key(all types)(various disasters) (2000 to 2005)
hazards and otherrelatedinformations.

2 Priority for action 2:Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning
2-1. National and local risk assessments based on hazard data and vulnerability information are available and include risk assessments for key sectors
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Singapore
Sri Lanka
ThailandDevelopment ofMaps of 1:500.000 Hazard Profile of Risk Assessment National
Risk Assessment Collection of data DDPM Hazard Maps
hazard maps
to 1:100.000 scale Myanmarand Hazard
Composite Risk
and Horizon
and preparation(2006), DMR Hazard(Type of disasters) (Digitizing related (EQ, FL, DR)
Mapping (EQ)
Assessment
Scanning
digital maps (FL, Maps (2005), GISTDA(Year of
GIS)
(2009)(on going)
Project
Programme
LS, DR, TC)
Tsunami Hazard Maps
completion)(WF, EQ, DR,(in progress)(on going)(on going by 2010) (2006), and Community
Dzud)
Hazard Maps (ongoing)

Risk assessment Government
N.A.
(Type of disasters) Resolution on Risk
(Year ofand Vulnerability
completion)
Assessment
Procedure(ongoing since
2007)(WF, DR, Dzud)

Multi Hazard Risk As above
Assessment(Hydromet)(on going)

Multi-Agency Risk Preparation of
Risk Assessment by
Assessment
Vulnerability maps Community throughFramework(on going by 2011) CBDRM practice (on(on going)
going)
Tsunami Risk
Assessment
managed by
National
Environment
Agency (NEA)(2009)

2-2. Systems are in place to monitor, archive and disseminate data on key hazards and vulnerabilities
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Singapore
Sectoral ministries in the process of Multi-Hazard
Disasterin the102 stations
establishment
Warning Centre
nation-widemonitoring system development(all types)(EQ, FL, TS, TC,(Types of hazards) process
ST)

Mongolia
in theDisasterdevelopment
Information
system (archive & process
dissemination ofdata)

Myanmar
Department ofMeteorology andHydrology(EQ, FL, TS, TC,
ST)

Nepal
Ministry of Home
Affairs

Pakistanplanning toestablish

57

Sri Lanka
ThailandDistrict Disaster
Monitoring systems by
Management
various ministries
Coordinating units (TC, EQ, LS, FF, TS)
are responsible

Singapore
Sri Lanka
ThailandInformation of past Disaster Information
System of datacollection anddisasters sinceand Dissemination
dissemination to 1974 is collected System of NDWC, andrelevant
and validated
othersstakeholders was (available inestablishedwebsite)Operations
Readiness
Information Online(ORION)2-3. Early warning systems are in place for all major hazards, with outreach to communities
Armenia
Azerbaijan
BhutanIndia
Disaster warning Earthquake early (There is a major (Blank)
Key departments/
systemwarning nonneed for betterorganizations has(information flow) automatic system coordination.)
been identified toprovide early
warnings on
different hazards.

Early warning and under preparation The Ministryevacuation systemtransform
awareness into
prompt response

Manual early(blank)warning andevacuation system
for GLOF(Automatedsystem is underpreparation)

IndonesiaJapan
Lao PDR
National level
Online system
National levelsystem for several linking disastersystem using
types of hazard
management
telephone andLocal level system organizations of
FAX
is still only
the national andavailable inlocal governments
advanced areas
and media
organizations

Malaysia
Warning
information
available for Haze,
Drought, Flood

Systematic
All of Japan'sCommunity level mentioned in 2-2
evacuation system national territory is monitoring andstill needs to becovered by early warning systems
strengthened
warning systems are developed on(ST, SS, CW, LS, project basis
MS, TS, SS, FF,FL)

2-4. National and local risk assessments take account of regional / trans-boundary risks, with a view to regional cooperation on risk reduction.
Armenia
Azerbaijan
BhutanIndia
IndonesiaJapan
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Regional (transVarious type of(N.A.)Part of RIMES,SAARC Disaster Intergovernmental Early warning
Mekong River
ASEAN
boundary)
Agreements on
ADPC andManagement
Coordination
system against
Commission
Agreement on
information
seismic hazard
SAARC Disaster Centre (SDMC)
Group for thetsunamis in the(MRC) Flood
Transboundary
sharing system for and risk evaluation
Management
hosted by the
Indian Ocean
Pacific Ocean.
Management and Haze Pollution
disasterand reduction
CenterTsunami Warning Japan
government of
Mitigation
mechanism andmonitoring andIndia
and Mitigation
Meteorological
Programme
ASEAN
early warning
SystemAgency acts in(FMMP)
Specialised(ICG/IOTWS)
coordination with Flood Vulnerability Meteorological
ASEAN Regional the Pacific
Assessment and Centre (ASMC)
Programme on
Tsunami Warning Mapping Project
DisasterCenter (PTWC)(FVAMP)Management(ARPDM)

2-3. Early warning systems are in place for all major hazards, with outreach to communities
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Established
In some places for Disaster
Crisis Information Contact
Disaster warning (MODIS andwarning/advisories
flash floods
established withNOAA satellite
Management
systemto the NDMA at the System (CIMS)
global and(information flow) data are used)federal level and theregional EW
provincial
provides.
governments using
multiple media
including fax, sms,
print & electronic
media and website

Early warning and Agreement with
evacuation system national radio,
public televisionand mobile phone
operators fordissemination

Township Peace managed byand Development DDRC
Council is
responsible fordissemination to
publicProvincial andDistrict Authorities
declare emergency
in the threatenedarea and mobilize
civil administration,
civil defence policeand volunteers

Public Warning
System (PWS)
based on SOPs
for early warnings
by the Met
Services of NEA

Early warning
towersShort message
information
dissemination
systemThailandWarning agencies(NDWC, TMD, DMR,
DDPM) activate thewarning system, alert
the public media andlocal governments

2005 Master Plan for
Tsunami Evacuation
System (TS)2-4. National and local risk assessments take account of regional / trans-boundary risks, with a view to regional cooperation on risk reduction.
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Thailand
ASEAN DisasterContact
SAARC Disaster SAARC Disaster ASEAN
Department ofdisaster early
Regional (transInformation Sharing,
established with
Agreement on
management
warning system in Meteorology and Managementboundary)
Monitoring and Early
JMA, PTWC,
DisasterCenter (SDMC)
CenterHydrology (TC,cooperaton withinformation
Warning
Management and India, Thailand,(on discussion)
TS, EQ)
sharing system for JAXA
Indonesia to share
Emergency
disasterinformation on
Responsemonitoring andtsunami(AADMER)early warning(Dec. 2009)58

5. Promoting Cooperation with Member Countries, International Organizations and NGOs
3-1. Relevant information on disasters is available and accessible at all levels, to all stakeholders (through networks, development of information sharing systems etc)
Armenia
Azerbaijan
BhutanIndia
IndonesiaJapan
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Pamphlets, Issues (blank)
White Paper on
Public awareness Weekly
on the stage of
Various
Not available for Public education
and awarenesson disasters and Emergency
building disaster in the Newspapers
government and Disastercomprehensive
Animation
programs at
disaster risks
Newspaper (allnetworks using
non-government Prevention
information
programs on T.V.
landslide-prone
types)
improvement oforganizations/instit (Annual
management
Governmental
areas (PWD)
Information on
public awareness School Safety
utions havesystemCampaign
Report on Disaster
Zero Burnings
seismic events
developed
Community
Prevention)
Campaign (DOE)and current seimic
disasterawareness
Agreements with
Exhibition on
regime in Armenia
information
programs
the Japan
space-based
and worldwide issystemInternational Day
Broadcasting
related to disasterprovided to thefor DR
Corporation andactivities (MRSA)
leading
Emergency Safety
privateinformation
and First Aid
broadcasters toagencies for
Handbook
cover relevant
dissemination
among population.
(all types)
information on
3-2. School curricula, education material and relevant trainings include disaster risk reduction and recovery concepts and practices
Armenia
Azerbaijan
BhutanIndia
IndonesiaJapan
Yes in someYes
School curricula
N.A.
On establishing
General safety tips Included as aschools
include disasterare included
subject in social
risk reduction
School curricula
sciences in theconcepts
secondaryeducation(since 2004)
Educational
materials forlearning/teachingdisaster risk
reduction

Only availavle for On establishing
Informal Education

In the process

Lao PDR
Malaysia
N.A.
Project tointegrate disasterrisk reduction into
the secondary
school curriculum
is ongoing since2007

Available for both Available for both (Blank)
Supplementary
formal andtext books in the formal andhigher secondary informal education informal education(still limited)curriculum
Formal courses on
disastermanagement in a
few universities

Informal(Safe School
Manual by Ministryof Education(MOE), Safety
Guideline on
Disaster andCrisis Situation by
National Security
Council)

3-1. Relevant information on disasters is available and accessible at all levels, to all stakeholders (through networks, development of information sharing systems etc)
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Singapore
Sri Lanka
ThailandDisaster reduction
Community Safety National Safety
Local level
Initiated by the
Conducted the
Public awareness conducted
Day on 26 Dec
training, Periodical
on disasters and according to Law following trainings government /Non awareness raising and Security
printed media, DDPM
Programme
campaigns
government
and workshops
on Disasterdisaster risks
websites, Training for(CSSP),
through audio,organization
Protection andLocal Communities
visual and printed Community
annual planmaterial in 20 high Emergency
risks districts (on Preparedness
going), and others Programme(CEPP), andothers3-2. School curricula, education material and relevant trainings include disaster risk reduction and recovery concepts and practices
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Yes
Yes
In progressYes
Yes
disaster
School curricula
preparedness
include disasterclass inrisk reduction
universities
concepts

Educational
materials forlearning/teachingdisaster risk
reduction

For informal
education

For formal
education

initiated

Informal education for both formal
and informalmaterials for 9
education
earthquake
affected districts

59

DRR included inteacher guide
books

ThailandYes

For both formal andinformal educations

Training program
for learning
disaster risk
reductionYes

On establishing

Web-based online Prepared by
School Safety
varioustraining
Campaign
stakefolders (still
includes training of programme on
not standardized)
comprehensive
Principals andteachers on DRR DRM Framework

Various programs (Blank)
including ecollege,
systematic training
in institutes

3-3. Research methods and tools for multi-risk assessments and cost benefit analysis are developed and strengthened
Armenia
Azerbaijan
BhutanIndia
IndonesiaJapan
Lao PDR
Determination of
Development ofaddressed based (Blank)
Under
N.A.
No standardized Guidelines forresearch methods earthquake hazard development
disaster multi-risk on the Basic Plan
researchand tools for multi- and vulnerability
for Research andassessment ismethodology orrisk assessment assessment ofunder preparation Development in
tool, however
school facilities
several initiatives Various disaster DisasterTechnical guidelines
research centres Reduction (forhave been on
for improving
example 10-year
at universities
going
performance ofpolicy forhave beenschool facilities andearthquake
recently
ensuring the safetyof physicalresearch)
established

Programs aredone by various
agencies

Malaysia
Studies on
Climate Change,
Earthquake andTsunamiHigh Land
Sustainable
Development
Studiesand others

environment

3-4. Country-wide public awareness strategy exists to stimulate a culture of disaster resilience, with outreach to urban and rural communities
Armenia
Azerbaijan
BhutanIndia
IndonesiaJapan
Lao PDRA steering
Disaster Reduction (Blank)
Under(No.Info)
Country-wide
Project for
National public
committee for mass awarenessDay (1 September)development
public awareness mainstreaming
media campaign
strategy
disaster risk
strategy (currently and Week
has been
Activities based on
reduction into
being drafted)
constituted.
Basic Framework forland-use policy atFunds allocatedPromoting a
the community
through NDMA for
Nationwide
level is on going
conducting specificMovement forsince 2008
awareness
Disaster Reduction programmes
Disaster Risk
Management
Programme by GOI
and UNDP

Training program
for learning
disaster risk
reduction

Yes
Disaster
preparedness
trainings forcivilians, students
and staffs

Yes

Yes

MalaysiaMulti-Hazard
Community
Awareness
Campaign by NSC
and MMD(since 2005)

Actions with Added
Value to Security
and Safety.

YesSpecial projects to Yes
minimize risk inschools, and others
Essay and art
competition

3-3. Research methods and tools for multi-risk assessments and cost benefit analysis are developed and strengthened
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Singapore
Sri Lanka
initinated
N.A.
Risk Assessment Initial discussion
a map of multi-risk N.A.
Development of
was initiatedand Horizon
research methods assessment
Scanning
and tools for multi- based on high andProgrammerisk assessment lower resolution
Multi-Agency Risk
Satellite data is
Assessment
developing
Framework

ThailandResearch andInternational
Cooperation Bureau of
DDPM is responsible

3-4. Country-wide public awareness strategy exists to stimulate a culture of disaster resilience, with outreach to urban and rural communities
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Singapore
Sri Lanka
ThailandCommunity Safety National Safety
National Disaster
Country-wide
to be approved
Annual event on National Strategy Observance ofday on 26 Dec.
Prevention Day on 26
public awareness soon
Fire Brigade Day for Disaster Risk National Disasters and Security
Dec., and others
strategy(5 May)Mgt.
Awareness Day on Programme
8th October (since
2007)

60

5. Promoting Cooperation with Member Countries, International Organizations and NGOs
4 Priority for action 4: Reduce the underlying risk factors
4-1. Disaster risk reduction is an integral objective of environment related policies and plans, including for land use natural resource management and adaptation to climate change.
Armenia
Azerbaijan
BhutanIndia
IndonesiaJapan
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Forest Improvement under coordination Yes
Environmental
Yes
Under
Climate change
National Action
Yes (Nationaland Conservation
by National Steering
related policies
development
adaptation
Plan on Climate
Action Plan forinclude disaster
Change (NAPCC) Climate Change Works Master Plan Committee on
Climate Change
risk reduction
Adaptation is on(recently
concepts
drafting)
established)

National land use Yes
planning include
disaster risk
reduction
concepts

Underdevelopment

Need to bestrengthened

Land use plans
Yes (based on
based on the
Law No. 26/2008
regulations provided on Spatialby the State Town
Planning, andand Country
others)Planning Act

National Spatial
Strategies

4-2. Social development policies and plans are being implemented to reduce the vulnerability of populations most at risk
Armenia
Azerbaijan
BhutanIndia
Indonesia
Japan
Social
Yes
Under
N.A.
National Rural
Yes (not yet
broaden thedevelopment
development
Employment
comprehensively) discretion of local
policies include
Guarantee
governments in
disaster risk
Schemedealing with the
reduction(NREGS), andexpenditures forconcepts
othersDRR(Blank)Yes

Lao PDR
Malaysia
identified as key Yes
component under
United Nations
Development
Assistance
Framework (20072011)

4-3. Economic and productive sectorial policies and plans have been implemented to reduce the vulnerability of economic activities
Armenia
Azerbaijan
BhutanIndia
IndonesiaJapan
Lao PDR
Promotion of(Blank)Economic and
Yes
Under
N.A.
The irrigation
Yes (not yet
developmentof
BCP
productive
development
component of the systematically)(Business Continuity
sectorial policies
Bharat Nirman
Plan) ofinclude disaster
Programme, andCorporations
risk reduction
othersconcepts

MalaysiaYes

4 Priority for action 4: Reduce the underlying risk factors
4-1. Disaster risk reduction is an integral objective of environment related policies and plans, including for land use natural resource management and adaptation to climate change.
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Singapore
Sri Lanka
ThailandEnvironmental
Yes
Under process
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
related policies
include disasterrisk reduction
concepts
National land use Yes
planning include
disaster risk
reduction
concepts

Under process

Yes

N.A.

Yes

Yes
Preparation ofguidelines is on
going

4-2. Social development policies and plans are being implemented to reduce the vulnerability of populations most at risk
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Singapore
Sri Lanka
SocialYes
Yes
Not YetYes
Yes
Yes
development
policies include
disaster risk
reduction
concepts

Yes

ThailandYes

4-3. Economic and productive sectorial policies and plans have been implemented to reduce the vulnerability of economic activities
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Strategic
Environmental
Assessment
incorporating DRR

Economic andproductive
sectorial policies
include disasterrisk reduction
concepts

61

Thailand4-4. Planning and management of human settlements incorporate disaster risk reduction elements, including enforcement of building codes
Armenia
Azerbaijan
BhutanIndia
IndonesiaJapan
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Standard building
City Planning Act,
Planning and
Yes
Under
National
Yes (not yet
a research on the Yes
codes andmanagement ofdevelopment
Standards/Codes comprehensively) Building Standard impact ofstandards are
Act, the Act onhumanfor construction
disasters on theexisting but need toPromotion of
settlements
practices, andeducation sector isfurther strengthen
Seismic Retrofitting
include disasterothersongoing
the enforcementof Buildings
risk reduction
4-5. Disaster risk reduction measures are integrated into post disaster recovery and rehabilitation processes
Armenia
Azerbaijan
BhutanIndia
IndonesiaJapan
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Disaster risk
Yes
Under
(Blank)Yes
Yes (still limited in recovery and(still ad-hoc basis) Yes
reduction
development
resources andrehabilitation
measures arecapacities)
activities stipulated
integrated into
in the Basic Act
post disasterrecoveryprocesses
4-6. Procedures are in place to assess the disaster risk impacts of major development projects, especially infrastructure
Armenia
Azerbaijan
BhutanIndia
Indonesia
Japan
Procedures toYes
Yes
Hazard specificYes (not yet
Priority Plan forassess theguidelines forcomprehensively) Social
disaster risk
ensuring structural
Infrastructure
impacts of major
safetyDevelopment
development
projects

Lao PDR(Blank)4-4. Planning and management of human settlements incorporate disaster risk reduction elements, including enforcement of building codes
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Planning and
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
management of
Guidelines for thehumanconstruction of
settlementsbuildings ininclude disaster
Disaster pronerisk reductionareas
4-5. Disaster risk reduction measures are integrated into post disaster recovery and rehabilitation processes
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Singapore
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Disaster risk
reductionmeasures areintegrated into
post disasterrecoveryprocesses

Sri Lanka
Yes
Yes
Build back better
concept acceptedby the govt for all
rehabilitation work

4-6. Procedures are in place to assess the disaster risk impacts of major development projects, especially infrastructure
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Yes
Yes
Not adequate
No
Yes
Yes
Procedures toassess thedisaster risk
impacts of major
development
projects

62

Malaysia
Yes

ThailandThailandThailandYes
approval of the projects
based on Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA)5. Promoting Cooperation with Member Countries, International Organizations and NGOs
5 Priority for action 5: Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels
5-1. Strong policy, technical and institutional capacities and mechanisms for disaster risk management, with a disaster risk reduction perspective are in place
Armenia
Azerbaijan
BhutanIndia
IndonesiaJapan
Lao PDR
Malaysia
NSC Directive No.
Still weak (onlyPolicies, plans and National Disaster Mechanisms fornondisclosure
National policy
Effective
Policy and
20: Policy andAssessment and effective disaster functioned in a)
guidelinesand draft plan
preparedness
mechanisms for
Mechanism for
information
Response Team responses
formulated byprovide a strong
system with predisaster risk
coordination and National Disasterstipulated in the
National Disaster (SRC PB)
basis for risk
management (ex. disaster activities
and Relief
Basic act and othe b)(recently
Management
reduction in all
has been creating.
task force forrelevant laws and training/mentoring Management
established)spheres and at all Authority
disaster risk
(NSC)
of sub-national
acts
levelsmanagement)
focal points)

5-2. Disaster preparedness plans and contingency plans are in place at all administrative levels, and regular training drills and rehearsals are held to test and develop disaster
response programmes
Armenia
Azerbaijan
BhutanIndia
IndonesiaJapan
Lao PDR
Malaysia
NSC Directive No.
DisasterEarthquake
nondisclosure
Under preparation Disaster(Blank)Basic Disaster
N.A.
Preparedness
and20:
Policyandpreparedness
preparedness planin 4 districts
Prevention Plan
Response Plans at
Mechanism forplans
for community
state and district
level
National Plan on
DisasterManagement isbeing developed

National Disasterand Relief
Management (NSC)
7 Standard
Operating
Procedure forvarious disasters

DisasterEarthquake
contingency plans contingency planfor community

nondisclosure

Underdevelopment

Multi hazard(Blank)Preparedness andResponse Plans are
now being preparedat the state anddistrict level

DisasterManagement
Operation Plan,
Local Disaster
Prevention PlanN.A.

As above

PeriodicallyNational level
conducted
disastermanagement drills

nondisclosure

N.A.

Periodicallyconducted(Blank)Comprehensive
Disaster
Reduction Drills
Plan(Blank)Periodicallyconducted

Local level
Periodicallydisaster
conducted
management drills

nondisclosure

Periodicallyconducted(Blank)Periodicallyconducted

Regularly
conducted(Blank)Periodicallyconducted

5 Priority for action 5: Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels
5-1. Strong policy, technical and institutional capacities and mechanisms for disaster risk management, with a disaster risk reduction perspective are in place
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Singapore
Sri Lanka
ThailandNational Security
National Disaster Homefront Crisis DisasterNational Disaster Act and Policies"State Pursuing
Policy andManagement Act Policy, National
Risk Management Management
are existed.
Policy on Disaster Preparedness
mechanisms for
Preparedness Policy,
System (HCMS)
Cadres of skilled Framework
CentralProtection" anddisaster risk
National Disastermanagement (ex. "National Program Committee(NDPC manpower are
Prevention andmobilized infor Strengthening C)
task force for
Mitigation Plan (inNational Disaster emergency.
Disasterdisaster risk
civilian side), Strategic
Preparedness
Protection
management)
National Action Plan for
Executive Working
Capacity" (to be
Disaster Risk
Committee
approved soon)
Reduction 2009 –2018, and others
5-2. Disaster preparedness plans and contingency plans are in place at all administrative levels, and regular training drills and rehearsals are held to test anddevelop disaster response programmes
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Singapore
Sri Lanka
ThailandNational Plan for Disaster
DisasterNational Preparedness
Operations Civil
Disaster1) National
National Action
Preparedness,
Disaster
preparedness
Plan, National Master
Emergency Plan Preparedness
Response Plan
Plan
Mitigation andProtection
plans
Plan on Disaster
Plan (district,
2) Provincial DM
District Action
Rehabilitation Plan
DisasterPrevention anddivision, andPlan (only in some plansof National Disaster
Preparedness
Mitigation, and others
village levels)
3) District DM
districts)
Preparedness
Plan (district level) Central Committee(on going)
Plans (30)
(National &Regional)

DisasterDisasterSupplemental
contingency plans plans by each type Response Action
Plans (draft)of disasters

National
Contingency Plan
District
Contingency Plan
(only in a few
districts)

National
Monsoon/floodContingency Planand others

Plans for major
fires, Tsunami,
and technicaldisasters

National Disaster Master Contingency Planat nation level, Master
Operation Plan
(to be developed) Contingency Plan at

PeriodicallyNational level
conducted
disastermanagement drills

Periodicallyconducted

Periodicallyconducted

not conducted

Regularly
conducted

Regularly
conducted

Periodically conducted

Periodically
Local level
conducted
disastermanagement drills

Periodicallyconducted

not conducted

Periodicallyconducted

Regularly
conducted

Regularly
conducted

Regularly conducted

63

provincial and local
government level5-3. Financial reserves and contingency mechanisms are in place to support effective response and recovery when required
Armenia
Azerbaijan
BhutanIndia
Indonesia
Japan
Financial reserve N.A.
nondisclosure(Blank)US$ 4.74 bn foraround 40-50
for disasters
the period 2005- billion rupiahs (can2010
be increased
when needed)

Lao PDR(Blank)Malaysia
Rehabilitation/
Emergency
expenses by
Government
agencies will bereimbursed by
Ministry of FinanceCompensation for Yes
disasters

nondisclosure(Blank)No(Blank)Act on Support for (Blank)
Reconstructing
Livelihood ofDisaster Victim, andothersNational Disaster
Relief Fund

Insurance fordisasters

N.A.

nondisclosure

Rural House
Yes
insurance Scheme– Royal Insurance
Corporation of
Bhutan(Blank)Insurance for Fire, (Blank)
Earthquake, andothersFire and Flood
InsuranceTax reduction or
exemption

N.A.

nondisclosure(Blank)(Blank)reduction,
exemption andpostponed
collection ofincome andresidential taxes

Private Sectors will
be given tax
exemption for
donating into the
National Disaster
Relief Fund

Yes(Blank)5-4. Procedures are in place to exchange relevant information during hazard events and disasters, and to undertake post-event reviews
Armenia
Azerbaijan
BhutanIndia
IndonesiaJapan
Lao PDR
Coordination
databases on the(Blank)Procedures forYesnondisclosure(No. Info.)
Mechanism tomeetings
duringlessons
learnedexchanging
track informations
emergency
through therelevant
for reporting of
response situations experiences of theinformation during
various hazards
Situation analysis
responses of thedisasters
and also toand dissemination of large-scale disasters(Knowledge
disseminate
lessons learned
collecting thecompilation ofdisaster relatedshould be morelessons learned
lessons learned
informations
strengthened
through the pastfrom previous
disasters since 17th
century
disasters)

Malaysia
Disaster andRelief Committee
at all level(Federal, Stateand District)

5-3. Financial reserves and contingency mechanisms are in place to support effective response and recovery when required
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Singapore
Sri Lanka
ThailandFinancial reserve approximately 7.5 Annual budget by US$ 1 Million
USD 3.6 million
draw on national US$ 0.1 million for Disaster Emergency
for disasters
million US$
the Government
Additional USD
reserve whendisaster response Relief Fund
3.5 million for
appropriate in
National Disaster accordance withManagement
national
Fundlegislations
Compensation for through Statedisasters
Emergency
Commission

Yes

Relief distribution

SOPs fordisbursement ofcompensationconsidercompensation inaccordance withnationallegislations

Yes (US$30 to
US$1000
depending on
damages)

Disaster Emergency
Relief Fund

Insurance fordisasters

Livestock indexlinked insuranceYes

Not yet

N.A.

N.A.

Crop Insurance
schemePrivate insurance
related to disasters

Tax reduction or
exemption

Customs andvalue-added tax

Donation of goods Yes
and materials

Tax exemptions
for investment
made on disaster
response

Yes

reduce/exempt
consider intaxes in a disaster accordance with
hit area throughnational
special notification legislations

5-4. Procedures are in place to exchange relevant information during hazard events and disasters, and to undertake post-event reviews
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Procedures for
Yes
Yes
Yes
Compiling lessons Yes
Yes
exchanging
learnt fromrelevant
Earthquake 2005
information during(available on
disasters
website)(Knowledge
compilation oflessons learned
from previous
disasters)

64

ThailandYes
by printed media,
training program,museums, andeducational institutes

5. Promoting Cooperation with Member Countries, International Organizations and NGOs

5-2-2. Dissemination of a Model Program for Earthquake Risk
Reduction and Recovery Preparedness
5-2-2-1. Background
Asia is the most disaster prone region in the world. Many countries in the region are affectedby natural disasters of varying severity, including earthquakes, floods, landslides, mudslides,
tsunamis, and droughts. Three of the recent major earthquakes in the ADRC, namely
Muzafabad, Pakistan in 2005, Sichuan, China in 2008, and Sumatra, Indonesia in 2009
occurred in ADRC member countries.
The devastating effects of these disasters have hindered the overall development efforts ofcountries in the region. Governments and populations need to be aware of the risks facing them,and to take concrete actions to prepare and mitigate the natural disasters that affect their areas.
Thus, governments, bilateral, and multilateral donor communities, and other stakeholders needto pay greater attention to efforts aimed at identifying and reducing disaster risks within local
communities. It is important to disseminate disaster reduction information that can be easily
adapted to local conditions in Asia. As a part of its efforts to promote seismic resistance
improvements that will help reduce earthquake damage, ADRC is working to disseminate
methods of promoting locally applicable seismic reinforcement techniques.

5-2-2-2. Objectives
The recent earthquakes in Pakistan, China, and Indonesia were wake-up calls for disasterstakeholders in the region. Those disasters highlighted the need for well coordinated earthquake
risk reduction initiatives. Most of the fatalities in past earthquakes were due to the collapse ofbuildings, constructed using brick masonry considered as “Non-Engineered Construction”. In
In order to identify possible structural mitigation measures, a “Pull Down Test” was conducted.
The main objective of this model program was to investigate the potential of seismic
performance of existing buildings in both retrofitted and non retrofitted environments. The test
provided further opportunity to review and analyze the retrofitting method for non-engineered
masonry building. It enhanced the knowledge and technical capacity on retrofitting and arebeing disseminated and applied at the national level project implementation.

5-2-2-3. Project Outline
The Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) promotes seismic strengthening as specific disasterrisk reduction measure as well as address existing vulnerabilities. Weak buildings arevulnerable to earthquakes, wherein huge amount of damage could be attributed to its collapse.
This observation was clearly manifested in the earthquakes that struck Sichuan and Central
Java. Retrofitting an existing vulnerable building can be an effective countermeasure for65earthquake. The targets of this model program are conventional masonry buildings that wereconstructed without any consideration to earthquake resistance. This program investigates themethods of seismically reinforcing masonry walls, so as to prevent the fragile collapse of thosestructures. ADRC provided technical assistance by sending Japanese experts in various events,
such as the workshops of local engineers in Nepal.
The first “Pull Down Test” was able to identify the potential seismic performance of existingbuildings in retrofitted and non-retrofitted environments. The second “Pull Down Test” wasable to verify the effectiveness of retrofitting by Jacketing method (steel wire mesh sheets plus
mortal coating on both side of the wall). The outcomes of “Pull Down Tests” were properly
documented to serve as guidance for practitioners. Knowledge products include “Retrofitting
Guidelines Using Wire Mesh Sheet”, posters on “Pull Down Test”, and videos of “Pull Down
Tests”. These knowledge products are being disseminated by ADRC for national and local levelproject implementation as well as help engineers and masons to get familiarized with basic
retrofitting skills, enhance knowledge, awareness, and technical capacities.

5-2-2-4. Activities in fiscal year 2009
The activities in fiscal year 2009 are followings:(1) Introduction of the Japanese knowledge on disaster reduction through exchange of
information at workshops and seminars(2) Conducted “Pull Down Test” in Nepal, which contributed to raising awarenesslevel of community on the vulnerability of the existing non-engineered buildings(3) Verified the effectiveness of “retrofitting methods” through the conduct of second“Pull Down Test”(4) Reviewed the “Earthquake Risk Evaluation Standards” and “RetrofittingStandards” of Bhutan Government(5) Organized workshops in Bhutan to disseminate the result of the review of standards
to engineers and other practitioners(6) Developed and disseminated the guidelines, “Retrofitting Method: Wire Mesh
Jacketing” (see retrofitting procedure as described in next page) to various
government authorities.

665. Promoting Cooperation with Member Countries, International Organizations and NGOs

Fig. 5-2-4-1

Fig. 5-2-4-2

Mini Workshop for Pull down Test in Nepal

Pull down test was completed successfully

Fig. 5-2-4-3

Workshop in Bhutan

67

“Retrofitting Method: Wire Mesh Jacketing”

Step 1: Preparation work. Remove existing wall finishing materials.
Remove existing finishing materials (such as cement mortar, mud mortar, or tile) to expose the structure
Clean the wall or concrete surface, removing loose mortar with a brush and water

STEP 2: Check the condition of the existing structure.
Carefully check whether there are any cracks or other signs of damage to the existing structure (mortar wall or
RC frame)
Minor cracks: Inject mortar grout or an epoxy resin into cracks. Epoxy resin can be injected into even small
cracks due to its strong adhesiveness and low viscosity. Alternatively, a rich mortar blend (1:3 cement-to-sandratio, by volume) can be injected into cracks or the joints between bricks
Large cracks (1 cm or larger): Discuss with an engineer whether the cracks are repairable or whether
reconstruction is required

STEP 3: Apply a galvanized iron (GI) wire mesh sheet
Obtain a wire mesh sheet- The size of the wire mesh depends on the masonry material and wall thickness.
For a 9-inch (21-23 cm) brick wall, the use of 16-gauge (1.6mm) x 19mm is recommended. Because
thicker walls will be heavier in the event of a collapse, a strong wire mesh must be used. The amount ofwire mesh needed will be 1.5 times the area of the wall being reinforced
Drill holes in the wall for inserting the binding wire that will be used to affix the wire mesh at 1 ft (30 cm)
intervals vertically and horizontally along the wall
Affix the wire mesh
- If a hole can be drilled through the wall: Install the wire mesh on both sides of the wall, securing bothsides in place with the binding wire
- If an anchor plug can be used, drill a hole in the brick about 3 cm deep, and insert a curl plug. Then affix
the wire mesh to the surface using a screw bolt with a large washer
Wire mesh fasteners should be placed at intervals of no more than 1 ft. (30 cm) intervals, vertically andhorizontally
The wire mesh sheets should overlap by the same length (1 ft. or 30 cm) both vertically and horizontally

Step 4: Applying mortar to the wire sheet
Apply a rich mortar, 1:3 cement-to-sand ratio (by volume).
Two or more coats of plaster should be applied. The first coat should cover the wire mesh. The second andthird coats should be applied in the same way as is done during general plastering work. A 2-inch (5 cm)
plaster thickness is recommended.

68

5. Promoting Cooperation with Member Countries, International Organizations and NGOs

5-2-3. Multi-disciplinary Hazard Reduction from
Earthquakes and Volcanoes in Indonesia
5-2-3-1. Outline
The project “Multi-disciplinary Hazard Reduction from Earthquakes and Volcanoes inIndonesia” officially started in June 2009 as a part of the Science and Technology ResearchPartnership for Sustainable Development supported jointly by the Japan Science andTechnology Agency (JST) and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). The
ultimate goal of this project is to reduce damage caused by earthquakes and volcanoes byenhancing hazard forecasting capabilities, reducing social vulnerabilities, and promoting
education and outreach related to research outcomes. We also plan to provide a platform
for collaboration among researchers in the natural sciences, engineering, and the social
sciences, as well as officials in national and local governments.
The research activities are being conducted in six groups. Two groups will focus on
natural disasters and the natural sciences: (1) Analysis and prediction of the mechanismsthat generate earthquakes and tsunamis based on geophysical surveys, and (2) Short-termand long-term prediction of volcanic eruptions and development of evaluation methods.
Two groups will focus on vulnerability, engineering, and the human/social sciences: (3)Building a disaster-resistant social infrastructure, and (4) Mitigation of social
vulnerabilities against natural disasters. The last research group will focus on (5) Disaster
reduction education and outreach, while a final coordinating group will be responsible for(6) Promoting collaboration between researchers and government officials on theapplication of results. Each of the five research groups will have several sub-groups, and a
total of more than 20 subgroups will conduct joint field surveys and workshops.
The Joint Coordinating Committee (JCC) consists of the group leaders and government
officials of relevant agencies in Indonesia, and meets regularly to supervise the project
activities. The project not only reports research activities to the JCC but also plans to makepolicy recommendations so that research findings can be utilized to facilitate
government-led disaster reduction activities.
ADRC will organize Group 6 and will manage sub-group 5-1-1.

5-2-3-2. Activities(1) Group 5-1-1: Research on effective disaster education in schools
G5-1-1 will develop disaster awareness education materials so that disaster risks anddisaster prevention resources will be easily accessible to schools and local communities.
Education materials will be produced based on the results of discussions regarding thecurrent state of disaster education in Indonesia.

69

In 2009, ADRC carried out the following activities;
1. Project members discussed and agreed upon the plans for this project.
2. Banda-Aceh was selected as the target area.
3. A Group 5 meeting was held in Banda-Aceh in August 2009. All members ofGroup 5 attended this meeting and exchanged opinions on this program.
4. A representative of Group 5 gave a presentation at the international workshop in
October 2009.
5. A teacher training program was held in Banda-Aceh in December 2009. Teachers
from elementary schools, junior high schools, and religious schools participatedin this workshop. At this meeting, LIPI and ADRC reported on the latest
education programs in Indonesia, and participants exchanged opinions about
future disaster education activities.

Fig. 5-2-3 Training of teachers in Banda-Aceh, Indonesia(2) Group 6: The application of research findings and the establishment ofcollaborative mechanisms between researchers and government officials
Objectives: Group 6 aims to develop some synergy between research, policy-making,and policy implementation tasks such that the results of research activities can be applied
to policy-making both practically and effectively in Indonesia. To this end, a committee
composed of researchers, government officials at different levels, and practitioners shouldbe established.
Methodologies: Group 6 leaders, namely, Mr. Pariatomono of Indonesia and Mr.
Koresawa of Japan, should continue to discuss the development of a system to enable theabove-mentioned objectives to be achieved. In so doing, they should try to involve the
National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB), which is responsible for the overall
coordination of disaster-related activities in Indonesia, and representatives from relevant
regional/local authorities. They should also strive to identify gaps and challenges, and to
propose ways to improve coordination among stakeholders.
Achievements toward the initial plan: Group 6 leaders have approached BNPB throughtheir respective channels, and, as a result, BNPB has confirmed its cooperation.

70