受験番号：32IPE028

問１[Claim 1]
A cardiothoracic ratio calculating apparatus that calculates a cardiothoracic
ratio on the basis of a chest X-ray image, the cardiothoracic ratio calculating apparatus
comprising:a measurement position estimating unit that estimates a lung right-end
position, a lung left-end position, a heart right-end position, and a heart left-end
position in the chest X-ray image; anda cardiothoracic ratio calculating unit that calculates a cardiothoracic ratio on
the basis of the estimated lung right-end position, lung left-end position, heart right-end
position, and heart left-end position, wherein
the measurement position estimating unit divides the chest X-ray image into aplurality of horizontal-direction regions and detects, for each horizontal-direction region,(i) a candidate lung right end and a candidate lung left end on the basis of pixel values,and (ii) a candidate heart right end and a candidate heart left end on the basis ofhorizontal-direction derivative values of the pixel values, andthemeasurement

position

estimating

unit

extracts

aspecific

horizontal-direction region on the basis of a distance between a lung midpoint
determined by the candidate lung right end and the candidate lung left end and a heart
midpoint determined by the candidate heart right end and the candidate heart left end
or a ratio of the distance to a lung width determined by the candidate lung right end
and the candidate lung left end, and estimates the candidate lung right end, thecandidate lung left end, the candidate heart right end, and the candidate heart left end
in the extracted horizontal-direction region as the lung right-end position, the lungleft-end position, the heart right-end position, and the heart left-end position,
respectively.
[Claim 2]
The cardiothoracic ratio calculating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
when the pixel values increase as an X-ray transmittance increases, the measurement
position estimating unit
detects, as the candidate lung right end, a position having a smallest pixel
value in a region within a predetermined range from a right end of thehorizontal-direction region, anddetects, as the candidate lung left end, a position having a smallest pixel value

in a region within a predetermined range from a left end of the horizontal-direction
region.
[Claim 3]
The cardiothoracic ratio calculating apparatus according to claim 1 or 2,
wherein the measurement position estimating unit
detects, as the candidate heart right end, a position having a largest negative
derivative value between the candidate lung right end and the candidate lung left end
in the horizontal-direction region, anddetects, as the candidate heart left end, a position having a largest positive
derivative value between the candidate lung right end and the candidate lung left end
in the horizontal-direction region.
問２
Hitherto, a technique called "blockchain" has been known. This technique is asystem for synchronizing the same record among many nodes on a network. In thecase of adding a new record to an existing record, blocks each serving as a recording unit
are sequentially added to form a chain shape, with the content (hash) of the preceding
block being taken over.

Thus, this technique is called "blockchain".

The term"blockchain" typically means the structure of a database having blocks connected toeach other in a chain shape, but may also be used in a broad meaning, including themeaning of a system that operates as a P2P network and the meaning of a system forapproving a transaction. At present, the definition of this term is not fixed. Thus, inthis specification, to avoid confusion between both of them, the term "blockchain" isused for the former case in the narrow meaning whereas the term "blockchain
technique" is used for the latter case in the broad meaning.
The blockchain technique has many advantages including zero-downtime,difficulty in falsification, and low cost, and is thus beginning to attract attention as amethod for managing, as a transaction, information about various assets as well as
virtual currencies including bitcoin and derivative currencies thereof. For example,
Non-patent Document 1 describes using a blockchain that may play an important rolefor establishing reliability, to prove the existence of various documents or to establish
identity.
The blockchain technique mainly includes a public node scheme and a private
node scheme. The public node scheme is a scheme in which anyone can participate asa node on a network. On the other hand, the private node scheme is a scheme in which
only a person permitted as a node on a network can participate.

問３<At Occurrence of Backfire>In the burner 100, when the backfire R enters from the burner element 15, heatof the backfire R causes the thermally-expandable member 22 to thermally expand
toward an inner side, thereby forming a thermally-expandable member 222 having theopening portion 22H that is closed.
As a result, the opening portion 22H of the thermally-expandable member 222(22) is closed, which prevents the heat of the backfire R and the ultraviolet ray L
emitted by the flame F generated by the burner element 15 from reaching the flame
detection sensor 23.
In this embodiment, a control unit (not illustrated) is configured to, for example,
detect that the burner 100 is normally burning in a case where the frame detection
sensor 23 detects the ultraviolet ray L, and to determine that backfire or no fire has
occurred in a case where the amount of the ultraviolet ray L detected by the flame
detection sensor 23 is smaller than or equal to a set threshold (including zero).
As a result, when the burner 100 does not generate fire any more and does not
generate the ultraviolet ray L, and when the thermally-expandable member 22
thermally expands and the flame detection sensor 23 does not detect the ultraviolet ray
L as illustrated in FIG. 3(B) or when the detected amount of the ultraviolet ray L issmaller than or equal to the threshold, the control unit determines that the burner 100
has stopped burning or backfire has occurred in the burner 100.