Manual EXO series
exo694*U3, exo814*U3

3.08.2019

Company Information
SVS-VISTEK GMBH
Mühlbachstr. 20
82229 Seefeld
Germany
Tel.:
Fax:
Mail:
Web:

+49 (0) 81 52 9985-0+49 (0) 81 52 9985-79
info@svs-vistek.com
http://www.svs-vistek.com

This Operation Manual is based on the following standards:
DIN EN 62079, DIN EN ISO 12100, ISO Guide 37, DIN ISO 3864-2,
DIN ISO 3864-4, DIN ISO 16016:2002-5
This Operation Manual contains important instructions for safe andefficient handling of SVCam Cameras (hereinafter referred to as„camera“). This Operating Manual is part of the camera and must be
kept accessible in the immediate vicinity of the camera for any person
working on or with this camera.
Read carefully and make sure you understand this Operation Manual
prior to starting any work with this camera. The basic prerequisite for safe
work is compliant with all specified safety and handling instructions.
Accident prevention guidelines and general safety regulations shoud be
applied.
Illustrations in this Operation Manual are provided for basic
understanding and can vary from the actual model of this camera. No
claims can be derived from the illustrations in this Operation Manual.
The camera in your possession has been produced with great care andhas been thoroughly tested. Nonetheless, in case of any complaint,
please contact your local SVS-VISTEK distributor. You will find a list of
distributors in your area on www.svs-vistek.com

COPYRIGHT PROTECTION STATEMENT
Forwarding and duplicating of this document, as well as using or
revealing its contents are prohibited without written approval. All rights
reserved with regard to patent claims or submission of design or utility
patent.

Manual EXO series

Legal Information

3.08.2019

Content

Content
1

Legal Information ..................................................... 6

2

Getting Started ........................................................ 7
2.1

Connect the camera ................................................. 7

2.2

Camera status LED codes.......................................... 7

2.3

Software ................................................................. 8

2.3.1

3

Connectors ............................................................. 9
3.1

USB3 Vision ............................................................ 9

3.2

Input / output connectors ........................................ 10

4

The EXO ............................................................... 11

5

Feature description ................................................. 14
5.1

Basics .................................................................. 14

5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.1.4
5.1.5
5.1.6
5.1.7
5.1.8
5.1.9
5.1.105.1.115.1.125.1.135.1.14

5.2

5.3

Global shutter ............................................................ 14
Exposure .................................................................... 14
Exposure speed .......................................................... 14
Acquisition and Processing Time .................................. 15
Auto exposure ............................................................ 15
Bit-Depth ................................................................... 15
Color ......................................................................... 16
Resolution .................................................................. 17
Offset ........................................................................ 17
Gain.......................................................................... 18
Flip Image .................................................................. 19
Binning ...................................................................... 20
Decimation ................................................................ 22
Burst Mode ................................................................ 22

Camera Features ................................................... 24

5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
5.2.4
5.2.5
5.2.6
5.2.7
5.2.8
5.2.9
5.2.105.2.11
5.2.125.2.13

Basic Capture Modes .................................................. 24
Tap geometries ........................................................... 28
Standard Tap Geometries ............................................ 28
Tap Structure .............................................................. 28
Tap Reconstruction ..................................................... 30
Tap Balancing ............................................................ 31
System Clock Frequency .............................................. 32
Temperature Sensor .................................................... 32
LookUp Table ............................................................. 33
ROI / AOI .................................................................. 34
PIV ............................................................................ 36
Pixel Clock Frequency Selection ................................... 37
IR / glass filter ............................................................ 37

I/O Features ......................................................... 39

5.3.1
5.3.2
Legal Information

SVCapture 2................................................................. 8

GenICam................................................................... 39
PWM ......................................................................... 40iii

Content

5.3.3
5.3.4
5.3.5
5.3.6
5.3.7
5.3.8
5.3.9
5.3.105.3.11
5.3.12

6

Specifications ........................................................ 60
6.1

EXO694*U3 ......................................................... 61

6.2

EXO814*U3 ......................................................... 64

7

Legal Information

Driver Circuit Schematics ............................................. 42
Assigning I/O Lines – IOMUX ...................................... 43
LED Strobe Control ..................................................... 46
Sequencer .................................................................. 49
Optical Input .............................................................. 54
PLC/Logical Operation on Inputs ................................. 55
Serial data interfaces ................................................... 56
Trigger-Edge Sensitivity ................................................ 57
Debouncing Trigger Signals ......................................... 57
Prescale ..................................................................... 59

Dimensions ........................................................... 67
7.1

exo694*U3, exo814*U3, exo834*U3 ....................... 67

7.2

C & CS mount....................................................... 71

8

Terms of warranty .................................................. 73

9

FAQ..................................................................... 74

10

Glossary of Terms ............................................... 75iv

SVS-VISTEK–Legal Information Connect the camera

51 Legal Information
Information given within the manual accurate as to: March 8, 2019,
errors and omissions excepted.
These products are designed for industrial applications only. Cameras
from SVS-Vistek are not designed for life support systems where
malfunction of the products might result in any risk of personal harm or
injury. Customers, integrators and end users of SVS-Vistek products mightsell these products and agree to do so at their own risk, as SVS-Vistek will
not take any liability for any damage from improper use or sale.

EuropeThis camera is CE tested, rules of EN 55022:2010+AC2011 andEN61000-6-2:2005 apply.
The product is in compliance with the requirements of the following
European directives:
2014/30/EU
2011/65/EU

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
Restriction of the use of certain hazardous substancesin electrical and electronic equipment (RoHS)

All SVS-VISTEK cameras comply with the recommendation of theEuropean Union concerning RoHS Rules

USA and CanadaThis device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject
to the following conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmfulinterference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received,
including interference that may cause undesired operation.
This equipment is compliant with Class A of CISPR 32. Warning: In a
residential environment this equipment may cause radio interference. Thisequipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a ClassA digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules.
It is necessary to use a shielded power supply cable. You can then use the“shield contact” on the connector which has GND contact to the camera
housing. This is essential for any use. If not done and camera is destroyed
due to Radio Magnetic Interference (RMI) WARRANTY is void.

>>

US/UK and European power line adapter can be delivered.
Otherwise use filtered and stabilized DC power supply
Shock & Vibration Resistance is tested: For detailed Specifications
refer to Specification

SVS-VISTEK–Legal Information Connect the camera

6

SVS-VISTEK

2 Getting Started
2.1 Connect the camera
Generally external power supply for USB3 Vision cameras is not needed.
Nonetheless, you might want to use a separate power on the Hirose
connector to reduce load on the USB port. The external power on the
Hirose connector is the preferred power source.
The power up is defined as follows:>>>

Power over USB3 port or on the Hirose connector will power on thecameraIf power is found on the Hirose connector, camera power supply willswitch to the Hirose connector
If Hirose power supply is cut, camera power supply will switch back topower over USB3 supply

Camera power supply is not powering 4I/O LED lights, see 4I/O chapter.
When using your own power supply (voltage range 10 -25 V DC) see
also Hirose 12- pin layout of the power connector. For power input
specifications refer to specifications.

2.2 Camera status LED codes
On power up, the camera will indicate its current status with a flashing
LED on its back. The LED will change color and rhythm.
The meaning of the blinking codes translates as follows (current, startingwith firmware version b2901):

On older firmware versions (before b2901) the connect indicator was
yellow:

Getting Started

7

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2.3 Software
Further information, documentations, release notes, latest software andapplication manuals can be downloaded in the download area on SVSVistek’s download area. Depending on the type of camera you bought,
several software packages apply.

2.3.1 SVCapture 2
SVCapture 2.x is a XML based software tool. It provides the possibility tocontrol a GenICam based camera. The image result of any modificationof a camera’s adjustment is immediately visible, making it the ideal tool
to optimize camera adjustments.
SVCapture covers folowing interfaces:

>
>
>
>

GigE Vision
10 GigE Vision
Camera Link
USB3

SVCapture is included in the SVCam Kit, you can download it for freefrom SVS-Vistek’s download area.
Please refer to the SVCam Kit Install guide for details. You will find thisdocument in the download area as well.
Generally, any GenICam based software package should be able to run
a SVS-Vistek camera (GigE Vision, USB3, Camera Link).
It is strongly recommended to uninstall the existing versionof SVCam Kit or SVCapture before installing the newversion. While installing, please deactivate your firewall
and antivirus programs.

Quick guide install>>>>

Download the SVCam Kit matching to your operating system
Disable firewall and antivirus programs
Unpack and install the software and the drivers required for yourcamera’s interface type
Enable firewall and antivirus programs

Connect your camera’s interface cable and power. Start SVCapture.
Select your interface type in the discovery dialogue, SVCapture should
show your camera after about 30 seconds.

Getting Started

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3 Connectors
3.1 USB3 Vision
The USB3 Vision interface is based on the standard USB 3.0 interface anduses USB 3.0 ports.
If you drive the camera as a light controller (see chapter 4IO) dependingon the current the light is pulling it might be necessary to power thecamera with an external power supply as standard USB3 devices arelimited in their current supply.

Connectors

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3.2 Input / output connectors
Hirose™ 12Pin
The Hirose connector provides the connectors to power, inputs andoutputs. For detailed information about switching lights from inside thecamera, refer to strobe control.

Specification

Connectors

Type

HR10A-10R-12P

Mating Connector

HR10A-10P-12S

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4 The EXO
The EXO series is a series of machine vision cameras for the low and midrange resolutions up to 20 MP. The EXO is available with different
industry standard interfaces such as GigE Vision, Camera Link and USB3
Vision.
The EXO is easy to integrate and comes with a full package of useful
hardware features.
The EXO-Series comes in a new 50 x 50 mm aluminum body. The
elaborate, high precision machined unibody housing ensures perfecttemperature distribution even for the most demanding sensors. A massive
lens mount is designed to keep any kind of lens in its proper position.The
electric circuitry of the EXO is optimized for low power dissipation, helpedby the excellent temperature performance of the housing. The EXO
features the latest global shutter CMOS and CCD sensors from SONY,CMOSIS and ON Semi.
A uniform form factor and identical standard interface connectors withidentical pinout facilitate camer model interchangeability, allowing system
integrators to adapt applications with varying conditions and requirements
very quickly with minimum design effort.

The EXO with USB3 Vision
is one of the most flexible and scalable cameras for the industrial market
segment. The USB3 Vision interface is easy to integrate in your system,with a data rate up to effective 350 MB/sec. USB3 powers the camera via
the interface cable and reduces cable complexity.

>
>
>
>

Up to 620 MB/sec brutto transfer rate
Leverages existing infrastructure for cables and connectors
GenICam compliant
Cost effective / easy implementation and interfacing

USB3 issues
Make sure your USB3 hardware is able to transfer the highdata rates your camera delivers.

In theory, USB3.0 transfer rate is 5Gbps, USB3.1 even can transfer
10Gbps.
Despite being standardized, we find a significant amount of USB3
hardware being sold still not capable to cope with these high data rates.
This refers to some USB3 host chipsets and USB3 hubs as well to highprocessing load in the host computer. An integrated hardware buffer in
the SVS-Vistek camera (240MB in size) will try to catch and buffer thesecases. Burst Mode frame rate is limited to maximum USB speed. The
SVCapture GUI will show the real data rate of successful transfers. If you
encounter image losses, it might be whorthwhile to run the same camera
task with different USB chipsets and/or processor.

The EXO

11

SVS-VISTEKGenerally,

>
>
>
>
>

The EXO

use a dedicated USB3 port at your computer
do not use USB3 hubs for your image USB stream
connect only the camera to this USB3 port
in case of image drops, try different hardware or reduce frame rate
If the client hardware (processing load) is too slow the above is valid
as well.

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4IO adds Light and Functionality

4IO concept with up to 4 switching LED lights

Your SVS-Vistek camera is equipped with the innovative 4IO-interface
allowing full light control, replacing external strobe controllers. Each of
the outputs can be individually configured and managed using pulsewidth modulation. With its high current output, the camera is able to drive
LED lights directly without external light controller.
The integrated sequencer allows multiple exposures with settings to be
programmed, creating new and cost effective options. Logical functions
like AND / OR are supported.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>

Up to 4 x open drain high power OUT
Up to 4 x high voltage IN – TTL up to 25 Volts
Power MOSFET transistors
PWM strobe control
Sequencer for various configurations
PLC fuctionality with AND, OR and timers
Safe Trigger (debouncer, prescaler, high low trigger)

Find an example how to operate light control in the sequencer section.

The EXO

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5 Feature description
This chapter covers features of SVCam cameras. Not every feature might
be supported by your specific camera model. For information about thefeatures of your specific model, please refer to the specifications area withyour exact model.

5.1 Basics
5.1.1 Global shutter
The shutter is describing the functionality of exposing the light sensitive
pixels of the sensor to light for a limited time. With global shutter all pixels
are exposed to light at the same time for the same time.
All pixel will be exposed to light at the same starting point, and all pixel
light exposure will stop at the same time. Fast moving objects will be
captured without showing movement distortion, except motion blur if themoving object is so fast that the same point of the object covers different
pixels at start and end while exposing.
Using flash with global shutter is straight forward: just make sure yourflash is on while shutter is open, thus all pixels are exposed to light thesame time. You might flash at any time within exposure time.

5.1.2 Exposure
See various exposure and timing modes in chapter: Basic capture modes.
Combine various exposure timings with PWM LED illumination, refer tosequencer.

Setting Exposure time
Exposure time can be set by width of the external or internal triggers or
programmed by a given value.

5.1.3 Exposure speed
Frames per second, or frame rate describes the number of frames output
per second (1/ frame time). Especially GigE and USB cameras cannot
guarantee predictable maximum framerates with heavy interface bus
load.
Maximum frame rate might depend on> Pixel clock> Image size
> Tap structure> Data transport limitation> Processing time

Feature description

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5.1.4 Acquisition and Processing Time
The camera has to read the sensor, process the data to a valid image
and transfer this to the host computer. Some of these tasks are done inparallel. This implies the data transfer does not end immediately after endof exposure, as the image has to be processed and transferred after
exposure.

On the other side, while processing and transferring the image the sensor
might capture already the next frame.

5.1.5 Auto exposure
Auto Luminance or auto exposure automatically calculates and adjusts
exposure time and gain, frame-by-frame.
The auto exposure or automatic luminance control of the camera signal is
a combination of an automatic adjustment of the camera exposure time(electronic shutter) and the gain.
The first priority is to adjust the exposure time and if the exposure time
range is not sufficient, gain adjustment is applied. It is possibility to predefine the range (min. / max. -values) of exposure time and of gain.
The condition to use this function is to set a targeted averaged brightnessof the camera image. The algorithm computes a gain and exposure foreach image to reach this target brightness in the next image (controlloop). Enabling this functionality uses always both – gain and exposure
time.

Limitation
As this feature is based on a control loop, the result is only useful in an
averaged, continuous stream of images. Strong variations in brightness
from one image to next image will result in a swing of the control loop.
Therefor it is not recommended to use the auto-luminance function insuch cases.

5.1.6 Bit-Depth
Values of brightness are internally represented by numbers. The numberof bits for brightness representation is limiting the number of colour values
that can be represented. Bit depth defines the maximum unique colors or
grey levels in an image.
No of grey values = 2bit depth
All SVCam models support 8-bit format. In most cases, the sensor itself islimiting maximum bit depth. Refer to specifications whether your model issupporting higher bit depth.

Feature description

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5.1.7 Color
Color cameras are identical to the monochrome versions. The color pixels
are transferred in sequence from the camera, in the same manner as the
monochrome, but considered as “raw”-format.

CCD with Bayer Pattern

The camera sensor has a color mosaic filter called “Bayer” filter pattern
named after the person who invented it. The pattern alternates as follows:
E.g.: First line: GRGRGR... and so on. (R=red, B=blue, G=green)
Second line: BGBGBG... and so on. Please note that about half of the
pixels are green, a quarter red and a quarter blue. This is due to the
maximum sensitivity of the human eye at about 550 nm (green). DeBayering is not done in the camera, it has to be done in the client
software. See SDK functions as well. Not all sensors do have the same
sequence of color. The GenICam property P I X E L C O L O R F I L T E R does
indicate the sequence of the color pixels when reading color images.
Using color information from the neighboring pixels the RG and B valuesof each pixel is interpolated by software. E.g. the red pixel does not have
I N F O R M A T I O N of green and blue components. The performance of theimage depends on the software used.
Camera Link frame grabber need information of the sequence order ofthe colours. The order depends on sensor type. USB3 and GigE cameras
provide this in their XML file.
NOTICE
It is recommended to use an IR cut filter for color
applications

White Balance
The human eye adapts to the definition of white depending on the lighting
conditions. The human brain will define a surface as white, e.g. a sheet ofpaper, even when it is illuminated with a bluish light.
White balance of a camera does the same. It defines white or removes
influences of a color based on a non-white illumination.

>>

Feature description

Continuous: Auto white balance will analyze the taken images
and adjust exposure per color accordingly as long as the camera
is taking images. Different colors of the same object in asequence might be the result depending on the other objects in
the image
Once: Auto white balance will adjust white balance as soon it isstarted and will stop modifiying parameters as soon whitebalance is finished16

SVS-VISTEK

5.1.8 Resolution
As mentioned in the specifications, there is a difference between the
numerical sensor resolution and the camera resolution. Some pixels
towards the borders of the sensor will be used only internally to calibrate
sensor values (“dark pixels”). The amount of dark current in these areas isused to adjust the offset.
For calculating image sizes, the maximum camera resolution isdetermining maximum image resolution. See specifications of yourmodel.

5.1.9 Offset
For physical reasons the output of a sensor will never be zero, even thecamera is placed in total darkness or simply closed. Always there will benoise or randomly appearing electrons that will be detected as a signal(dark noise: noise generated without light exposure).
To avoid this dark noise to be interpreted as a valuable signal, an offset
will be set.

dark noise cut off by the offset

Most noise is proportional to temperature. To spare you regulating theoffset every time the temperature changes. A precedent offset is set by thecamera itself. It references certain pixels that never were exposed to lightas black. So the offset will be set dynamically and conditioned to external
influences.
The offset can be limited by a maximum bit value. If higher values areneeded, try to set a look up table.
In case of multi-tap CCD sensors, offset can be altered for each tap
separately (see tap balancing).

Feature description

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5.1.10Gain

Setting gain above 0 dB (default) is a way to boost the signal comingfrom the sensor. Especially useful for low light conditions. Setting gain
amplifies the signal of individual or binned pixels before the ADC.
Referring to photography adding gain corresponds to increasing ISO.
Increasing gain will increase noise as well.
add 6 dB

double ISO value

6 dB

400 ISO

12 dB

800 ISO

18 dB

1600 ISO

24 dB

3200 ISO

Table of dB and corresponding ISO value

NOTICE
Gain also amplifies the sensor’s noise. Therefor, gain
should be last choice for increasing image brightness.
Modifying gain will not change the camera’s dynamic
range.

noise caused by too much gain

Auto Gain
For automatic adjustment of Gain please refer to auto exposure.
When using autogain with steps of gain the non-continous gain
adjustment might be visible in final image. Depending on yourapplication it might be preferrable to use fixed gain values instead andmodify exposure with exposure time.

Feature description18

SVS-VISTEK

5.1.11

Flip Image

Images can be mirrored horizontally or vertically. Image flip is done
inside the memory of the camera, therefore not increasing the CPU loadof the PC.

original image

horizontal flip

vertical flip

Feature description

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5.1.12Binning

Binning provides a way to enhance dynamic range, but at the cost oflower resolution. Binning combines electron charges from neighboring
pixels directly on the chip, before readout.
Binning is only used with monochrome CCD Sensors. For reducing
resolution on color sensors refer to decimation.
On CMOS sensors, binning will not affect image quality. In any case,binning will reduce the amount of pixel data to be transferred.

Vertical Binning
Accumulates vertical pixels.

Vertical binning

Horizontal Binning
Accumulates horizontal pixels.

Horizontal binningFeature description

20

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2×2 Binning
A combination of horizontal and vertical binning.
When DVAL signal is enabled only every third pixel in horizontal direction
is grabbed.

2x2 binningFeature description21SVS-VISTEK

5.1.13

Decimation

For reducing width or height of an image, decimation can be used.
Columns or rows can be ignored.
Refer to AOI for reducing data rate by reducing the region you areinterested in.

Horizontal decimation

Vertical decimation

Decimation on Color Sensors
The Bayer pattern color information is preserved with 1/3 horizontal andvertical resolution. The frame readout speed increases approx. by factor
2.5.

Decimation on color sensors

5.1.14

Burst Mode

The hardware interface (GigE, USB3 etc) of your camera very often will
limit the maximum framerate of the camera to the maximum framerate of
Feature description

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SVS-VISTEK

the interface of the camera. Inside the camera, the sensor speed (internalframerate) might be higher than the external interface’s speed (e.g. GigE).
In triggered mode though, trigger frequency might be higher than theexternal interface’s speed. The triggered images will stay in the internal
memory buffer and will be delivered one after the other with interface
speed. If trigger frequency is higher than interface max fps frequency,
more and more images will stick in the internal image buffer. As soon as
the buffer is filled up, frames will be dropped.
This internal-save-images and deliver-later thing is called Burst Mode.
Due to internal restriction in the image request process of the camera, on
USB cameras the maximum sensor speed is limited to the maximum
interface speed. This means the maximum trigger frequency cannot behigher than camera freerun frequency. The image buffer will protect
against breaking datarates of the USB line, though.

Usage of Burst Mode
Burst Mode has 2 main purposes:>>

If transfer speed breaks down (e.g. Ethernet transfer rate due tohigh network load), tolerate low speed transfer for a short timeand deliver frames later on (buffering low speed interface
performance for a short time)
For several frames (up to full internal memory) images can betaken with higher frame rate than camera specs are suggesting(as soon as there is enough time later on to deliver the images)(not applicable to USB cameras)

Please note, as soon as the internal memory buffer is filled up, frames will
be dropped. Due to this reason, SVS-Vistek camers provide up to 512MB
image buffer memory.

Feature description

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5.2 Camera Features
5.2.1 Basic Capture Modes
Free Running
Free running (fixed frequency) with programmable exposure time. Frames
are readout continously and valid data is indicated by LVAL for each line
and FVAL for the entire frame.

There is no need to trigger the camera in order to get data. Exposure timeis programmable via serial interface and calculated by the internal logicof the camera.
NOTICEThe fundamental signals are:Line Valid: LVAL, Frame Valid: FVAL,
And in case of triggered modes: trigger input.

Triggered Mode (pulse width)
External trigger and pulse-width controlled exposure time. In this modethe camera is waiting for an external trigger, which starts integration andreadout. Exposure time can be varied using the length of the trigger pulse(rising edge starts integration time, falling edge terminates the integration
time and starts frame read out). This mode is useful in applications where
the light level of the scene changes during operation. Change of
exposure time is possible from one frame to the next.

Exposure time of the next image can overlap with the frame readout of
the current image (rising edge of trigger pulse occurs when FVAL is high).
When this happens: the start of exposure time is synchronized to thefalling edge of the LVAL signal.

Feature description24SVS-VISTEKWhen the rising edge of trigger signal occurs after frame readout has
ended (FVAL is low) the start of exposure time is not synchronized to LVAL
and exposure time starts after a short and persistant delay.
The falling edge of the trigger signal must always occur after readout ofthe previous frame has ended (FVAL is low).

Software Trigger
Trigger can also be initiated by software (serial interface).
NOTICE
Software trigger can be influenced by jitter. Avoid Software
trigger at time sensitive applications

External Trigger (Exposure Time)
External trigger with programmable exposure time. In this mode thecamera is waiting for an external trigger pulse that starts integration,
whereas exposure time is programmable via the serial interface andcalculated by the internal microcontroller of the camera.
At the rising edge of the trigger the camera will initiate the exposure.
The software provided by SVS-Vistek allows the user to set exposure timee.g. from 60 μs 60 Sec (camera type dependent).
Exposure time of the next image can overlap with the frame readout of
the current image (trigger pulse occurs when FVAL is high). When thishappens, the start of exposure time is synchronized to the negative edgeof the LVAL signal (see figure)

When the rising edge of trigger signal occurs after frame readout has
ended (FVAL is low), the start of exposure time is not synchronized to LVAL
and exposure time starts after a short and persistant delay.

Feature description25

SVS-VISTEKExposure time can be changed during operation. No frame is distorted
during switching time. If the configuration is saved to the EEPROM, the set
exposure time will remain also when power is removed.

Detailed Info of External Trigger Mode
Dagrams below are aquivalent for CCD and CMOS technique.

Feature description

26

SVS-VISTEKFeature description27

SVS-VISTEK

5.2.2 Tap geometries
Similar to other sensor readout technologies Camera Link is sending
many pixel values in parallel at the same time. The image can be split in“taps” or “channels” which can be sent in parallel. The tap geometry is
describing how many taps are read and how they are transmitted throughthe Camera Link interface.
The maximum camera speed is limited by the tap configuration being
used.

5.2.3 Standard Tap Geometries
Similar to other sensor readout technologies Camera Link is sending
many pixel values in parallel at the same time. The image can be split in“taps” or “channels” which can be sent in parallel. The tap geometry is
describing how many taps are read and how they are transmitted throughthe Camera Link interface.

5.2.4 Tap StructureYour camera may be equipped with a two, four or even higher taped
sensor.
Camera output
formatTapgeometry

1X–1YSingle tap

1X–2YE

Dual tap

2X–1Y

Dual tap

2X–2YE

Four tap

Tap configuration
For information according to your sensor refer to specifications.

Figure 1: table of tap
geometry/configurations

Figure 2: Illustrations of the nomenclature used in specifications

Feature description28

SVS-VISTEKSingle-Tap
In a single-tap CCD sensor the readout of pixel charge is done
sequentially. Pixel by pixel, line by line. The maximum frame rate isdetermined by the pixel clock frequency and the total number of pixels tobe read out.

Figure of 1 Tap

Illustration of 1 tap

Dual-Tap
In a dual-tap CCDs, (CCD with two outputs) the readout of pixel charge
takes place in a serial/parallel sequence. Each line is divided in half andthe pixels of both halves are read out simultaneously, line by line. For agiven pixel clock frequency, only half the time is required to read out theentire array, resulting in twice the framerate.

Figure of 2 taps

Feature description

Illustration of 2 taps

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Quad-Tap
Quad-tap CCDs (CCD with four outputs) the read out of pixels is fourtimes faster than in a “regular” sensor.

Figure of 4 taps

Illustration of 4 tap

5.2.5 Tap Reconstruction
The data coming from the camera have to be reconstructed to theoriginal image data structure. This task is done either by the frame
grabber hardware (Camera Link, CXP) or the driver software (GigE, USB).
The process is transparent, so it doesn’t matter whether the physicalinterface is serial or parallel.

Feature description30

SVS-VISTEK

5.2.6 Tap Balancing
In sensors with multiple the tap structure, parts of the picture may appear
differently. Taps may display difference in dynamics and brightness.
To eliminate these differences, tap balancing offers gain adjustments
separately for each tap.

Misbalanced dual tap
image

This is due to the requirement for a dual or quad -ADC circuit to handle
the simultaneous digitization of the two or more channels of analog
signal coming from the CCD. The fact that the separate analog output
channels not being perfectly linear and the separate output amplifiers
having physically different slopes leads to the necessity to sometimes
manually or automatically adjust the gain levels of each channel
independently to obtain a homogenous image.

Automatic Tap Balancing
Automatic Tap Balancing analyses a narrow strip at the border of thetaps. It adjusts the gain value to the average brightness value of thesestrips.

Continuously Tap Balancing
Automatic Tap Balancing can be done continuously. Taps will bebalanced from one image to the next.

Tap Balancing once
When performing Tap Balancing once. Only one specific image will beanalyzed. The gain-correction values will be saved and applied tosubsequent images.

Manual Tap Balancing
Tap Balancing can be performed manually

Feature description31

SVS-VISTEK

5.2.7 System Clock Frequency
Default system clock frequency in almost every SVCam is set to 66.6
MHz. To validate your system frequency refer to: specifications.
Using the system clock as reference of time, time settings can only bemade in steps. In this example, the transfer rate is 66.7 MHz, thus
resulting in steps of 15 ns.
1
66. 6

1

66 666 666. 6

1

15 ∙ 10

15

NOTICEUse multiples of 15 ns to write durations into camera
memory5.2.8 Temperature Sensor
A temperature sensor is installed on the mainboard of the camera.
To avoid overheating, the temperature is constantly monitored and read.
Besides software monitoring, the camera indicates high temperature by a
red flashing LED. (See flashing LED codes)

Feature description32

SVS-VISTEK

5.2.9 LookUp Table
The LookUp Table Feature (LUT) lets the user define certain values toevery bit value that comes from the ADC.
To visualize a LUT a curve diagram can be used, similar to the diagrams
used in photo editing software.
The shown custom curve indicates a contrast increase by applying an Sshaped curve. The maximum resolution is shifted to the mid-range.
Contrasts in this illumination range is increased while black values will beinterpreted more black and more of the bright pixels will be displayed as
100 % white...
For further Information about curves and their impact on the image refer
to our homepage: Knowledge Base – LUT

Figure 3: Custom LUT adding contrast to the midtones

NOTICE
LUT implementation reduces bit depth from 12 bit to 8 biton the output.

Feature description

33

SVS-VISTEKGamma Correction
Using the LookUp Table makes is also possible to implement alogarithmic correction. Commonly called Gamma Correction.
Historically Gamma Correction was used to correct the illumination
behavior of CRT displays, by compensating brightness-to-voltage with a
Gamma value between 1,8 up to 2,55.
The Gamma algorithms for correction can simplify resolution shifting as
shown seen above.
Input & Output signal range from 0 to 1
Output-Signal = Input-Signal

Figure 4: Several gamma curves comparable to a LUT

Gamma values less than 1.0 map darker image values into a wider
ranger.
Gama values greater than 1.0 do the same for brighter values.
NOTICE
Gamma Algorithm is just a way to generate a LUT. It is not
implemented in the camera directly..

5.2.10

ROI / AOIIn Partial Scan or Area-Of-Interest or Region-Of-Interest (ROI) -mode onlya certain region of the sensor will be read.

Feature description

34

SVS-VISTEKAOI on a CCD sensor

Selecting an AOI will reduce the number of horizontal lines being read.
This will reduce the amount of data to be transferred, thus increasing the
maximum speed in term of frames per second.
With CCD sensors, setting an AOI on the left or right side does not affectthe frame rate, as lines must be read out completely.

ROI sizes
Sensors do have special requirements regarding the sizing of regions ofinterest. Please find below restrictions for your sensor typecamerasensorBit
depthsmallest
ROI

Width
step xHeigthstep yOffsetx

OffsetyexoSony IMX

8

128x2

8

2

8

2

12

128x2

16

2

8

2

exo

Feature description

Sony IMX

exo814CU3

ICX814

8

16x16

8

1

8

2

exo814CU3

ICX814

12

16x16

16

1

16

2

exo4000CGE

CMV4000

8

32x32

8

2

8

2

exo4000CGE

CMV4000

12

32x32

16

2

8

2

35

SVS-VISTEK

5.2.11PIV

By using PIV mode on CCD sensor cameras it is possible to capture 2
images within extremely short time.
Based on the “interline transfer” of CCD sensors, in the PIV mode the first
picture is transferred to the vertical shift register, while the second picture
is taken. The readout of picture 1 will take place during the second
exposure time.
So the time between 2 images can be shortened to transfer time only –contact us (@ SVS-VISTEK.com) for camera and sensor specific minimumtransfer time/duration.
„Triggered with external exposure“ (via pulse width of the Exsync signal)or alternatively „triggered with internal exposure“( set via internal
microcontroller). This is useful for ”particle image velocimetry” (PIV).
The first exposure starts approx. 5 µs after the camera has detected therising edge of Exsync.

Figure 5: PIV mode

The read-out time 1 and the exposure time 2 start both directly after theimage transfer of image 1. The exposure time 2 ends when the read-out
of image 1 has finished. After the read out of image 1 is done, image 2 istransferred and read out. The readout time of each camera is sensor
dependent. Please contact the SVS-Vistek support team for details on
sensor readout timing.
During the read out of the 2nd image the camera cannot take images
until the next Exsync signal (rising edge) arrives and initiates the next
exposure cycle.
Without PIV-Mode enabled, all camera modes like “free running “or“triggered with internal exposure control“ function as described.

Feature description

36

SVS-VISTEK

5.2.12

Pixel Clock Frequency Selection

Besides the factory frequency setting other values can be available for
CCD sensors. Please contact us in case you need higher pixel clock.
Charges will be transported faster, more frames per second will be
generated.
Default value is as recommended in sensor specifications.

NOTICE
Higher Frequencies can result in a loss of quality.

5.2.13IR / glass filter

To avoid influences of infrared light to your image, cameras are equippedwith an IR (Infrared) cut filter or an anti-refection coated glass (AR filter).
>>

Monochrome cameras come by default with an AR-Filter (anti reflex)
Color models version comes by default with an IR-cut-filter

Please refer to your camera order to see if a filter is built in. Alternatively
take a close look on the sensor. Built-in IR-filters are screwed into the lens
mount. Filters will change the optical path length. The camera specs areincluding the standard filters.

Image impact of IR cut filter
Due to chromatic aberration, limiting the spectral bandwidth of light will
result in sharper images. Without an IR cut filter:>>

Monochrome sensor images might get muddy.
Color sensor images are affected, especially red will be higher inintensity than visible with bare eyes. White balance gets much moredifficult. Contrast is lower.

SVS-VISTEK recommends IR cut filter for high demands on sharpness withmonochrome or color sensors.

Spectral impact of IR cut filters
IR cut filter do influence the spectral sensitivity of the sensor. The spectral
graph below shows the wavelength relative impact of the SVS-VISTEK
standard filter.

Feature description

37

SVS-VISTEK

Figure 6: IR cut filter light transmission

Focal impact of filters
As an IR cut filter mainly consist of a small layer of glass (1 mm thick)there is an impact on the flange focal distance. Refraction within the layer
cause shortening this distance.
When ordering a standard camera with an extra IR cut filter you might
have to compensate the focal length with an extra ring. Please refer toyour local distributor for more detailed information on your camera
behaving on C-Mount integrated filters.
As BlackLine models have an IR cut filter by default, the focal distance iscompensated by default.

NOTICE
Removing the IR cut filter lengthen the focal distance andwill invalidate camera warranty.

Feature description38

SVS-VISTEK

5.3 I/O Features
5.3.1 GenICam
GenICamTM provides a generic programming interface to control all kindsof cameras and devices. Regardless of the interface technology (GigE
Vision, USB3 Vision, CoaXPress, Camera Link, etc.) or implemented
feature, the application programming interface (API) will always be thesame. The SNFC makes sure the feature names are similar throughout
the manufacturers, making it more easy to switch camera models.
The GenICamTM standard consists of multiple modules according to themain tasks to be solved:
>
>
>
>
>

GenApi: configuring the camera
SNFC: Standard Feature Naming Convention, a catalogue ofstandardized names and types for common device features
GenTL: transport layer interface, grabbing images
GenCP: generic GenICam control protocol
GenTL SFNC: recommended names and types for transport layerinterface.

The GenICam properties are organized as a tree. Manufacturers can
add more features.
With your SVCam, the GenICam tree does have some hardware
related extensions, especially in the I/O sector. See the Quick guideinstall for a short introduction into SVS-Vistek’s GenICam tree.

Feature description

39

SVS-VISTEK

5.3.2 PWM
During Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), a duty cycle is modulated by afixed frequency square wave. This describes the ratio of ON to OFF as
duty factor or duty ratio.

Why PWM?
Many electrical components must be provided with a defined voltage.
Whether it’s because they do not work otherwise or because they have thebest performance at a certain voltage range (such as diodes or LEDs).

LED characteristics
Since LEDs have a bounded workspace, the PWM ensures a variable
intensity of illumination at a constant current on the diodes. The constantcurrent guarantees a linear light emission response curve of the LED from
0-100% PWM intensity.
Running LED lighting in flash mode will increase LED lifetime because of
reduced LED heat dissipation.

Implementation of PWM
The basic frequency of the modulation is defined by the cycle duration "T".
1
Duty cyle "T" is written into the registry by multiple of the inverse of camera
frequency. (15 ns steps) Refer to: Time unit of the camera.
166, 6∙ PWMMax&SeqSelector15∙ PWMMax&SeqSelector-

THE INTENSITY OF A PWM:
That duty ratio is calculated as: Δ% = t / T. It is written about the value of"t" as PWMChange0-3[SeqSelector] per sequence into the Registry.
PWMChange0-3[SeqSelector] unit is percentage value.

Feature description40

SVS-VISTEKEXAMPLES OF PWMS:

25% PWM load

50% PWM load

The integrals over both periods . and . are equal.
/

123

124

0

/

163

164

5

An equal amount of Photons will be emitted. The
intensity of light is the same.
.7 8

75% PWM load

The periods . and

.9

:7 8

:9

: are equal in length.

THE PWM MODULE:

Feature description

41

SVS-VISTEK

5.3.3 Driver Circuit Schematics
Camera power supply and power supply for PWM out is 25V max. Powerfor PWM out has to be supplied via Hirose connector. The open drain
outputs are ledged to ground, that means you connect your LED on thepositive side to your (light-)power source, the negative LED connector
goes to the camera out. This setup requires common ground.

Feature description42

SVS-VISTEK

5.3.4 Assigning I/O Lines – IOMUXThe IOMUX is best described as a switch matrix. It connects inputs, andoutputs with the various functions of SVCam I/O. It also allows combining
inputs with Boolean arguments.

"IN0" connected to "debouncer"

The input and output lines for Strobe and Trigger impulses can bearbitrarily assigned to actual data lines. Individual assignments can be
stored persistently to the EPROM. Default setting can be restored fromwithin the Camera.

LineSelector
Line0
Line1
Line2
Line3
Line3
Line5
Line6
Line7
Line8
Line9
Line10
Line11
Line12
Line13
Line14
Line15
Line16
Line17
Line18
Line19Line20
Line21
Line22Feature description

translation
Output0
Output1
Output2
Output3
Output4
Uart In
Trigger
Sequencer
Debouncer
Prescaler
Input0
Input1
Input2
Input3
Input4
LogicA
LogicB
LensTXD
Pulse0
Pulse1
Pulse2
Pulse3
Uart2 InNote:
If you connect the camera with a nonSVS-Vistek GigEVision client, you
might not see the clearnames of thelines, but only line numbers. In thiscase, use this list of line names

43

SVS-VISTEK

Refer to pinout in input / output connectors when physically wiring.

input vector to switch matrix
nr.

name

description0

io_in(0)trigger input 0 – 24 Volt / RS-232 / opto *1

io_in(1)trigger input 0 – 24 Volt / RS-232 / opto *2

io_in(2)trigger input 0 – 24 Volt / RS-232 / opto *3

io_in(3)trigger input 0 – 24 Volt / RS-232 / opto *4

io_rxd input

5

txd_from_uart1

input

6

strobe(0)output from module iomux_pulseloop_0

7strobe(1)output from module iomux_pulseloop_1

8

rr_pwm_out_a

output from module iomux_sequenzer_09

rr_pwm_out_b

output from module iomux_sequenzer_0

10expose input

11

readout input

12

r_sequenzer_pulse_a

output from module iomux_sequenzer_0 (pulse)13

rr_pwm_out_c

output from module iomux_sequenzer_014

rr_pwm_out_d

output from module iomux_sequenzer_0

15

r_sequenzer_active

output from module iomux_sequenzer_0

16

r_debouncer

output from module iomux_dfilter_0

17r_prescaler

output from module iomux_prescaler_0

18

r_sequenzer_pulse_b

output from module iomux_sequenzer_0 (pwmmask)

19

r_logic

output from module iomux_logic_0

20

strobe(2)output from module iomux_pulseloop_2

21

strobe(3)output from module iomux_pulseloop_3

22

mft_rxd input

23

trigger_feedback

input

24

txd_from_uart2

input

*

Feature description

refer to pinout or specifications

44

SVS-VISTEK

output vector from switch matrix
nr.

name / register

describtion0

io_out(0)output open drain1

io_out(1)output open drain2

io_out(2)output open drain *3

io_out(3)output open drain *4

io_txdoutput, when debug='0'

5

rxd_to_uart1

output (uart_in)6

trigger

output7

sequenzer_hw_trigger

input to module iomux_sequenzer_0

8debounce input

input to module iomux_dfilter_0

9prescale input

input to module iomux_prescaler_0

10logic inputa

input to module iomux_logic_0

11logic inputb

input to module iomux_logic_0

12

mft_txd

output13

pulseloop hw_trigger

input to module iomux_pulseloop_0

14pulseloop hw_trigger

input to module iomux_pulseloop_1

15pulseloop hw_trigger

input to module iomux_pulseloop_2

16pulseloop hw_trigger

input to module iomux_pulseloop_3

17

rxd_to_uart2

output (uart2_in)*
for physical number of open drain outputs refer to pinout or
specifications

Feature description

45

SVS-VISTEKExample of an IOMUX configuration> The trigger signal comes in on line 0> Debounce it.
connect line 0 to 8:
1000000000000000000000000
signal appears again on line 15 –debouncer out> Use the prescaler to act only on every
second pulse.
connect line 16 to 9.
0000000000000000100000000
signal appears again on line 17 –debouncer out> Configure a strobe illumination withpulseloop module 0
connect line 17 to 13
signal from pulse loop module 0
appears on line 6
connect line 6 to 0 (output 0)> Set an exposure signal with pulseloop
module 1.
connect line 17 to 6
> Tell another component that thecamera is exposing the sensor.
connect line 17 to 14
signal from pulse loop module 1 appears on line 7
connect line 7 to 1 (output 1)> Turn of a light that was ON during the time between two pictures.
connect line 17 to 15
invert signal from pulse loop module 2
it appears on line 20
connect line 20 to 2 (output 2)

Inverter&

Set-to-1

Inverter and “set to 1” is part of every input and every output of themodules included in the IOMUX.
INVERTER
The inverter enabled at a certain line provides the reverse signal to orfrom a module.
SET TO “1”With set to “1” enabled in a certain line, this line will provide a highsignal no matter what signal was connected to the line before.
SET TO “1” – INVERS
The inverse of a set to “1” line will occour as a low signal, regardle theactual signal that came to the inverter modul.

5.3.5 LED Strobe Control
The SVCam 4I/O concept contains an integrated strobe controller. Its
controls are integrated into the GenICam tree. With LED lights attachedto the outputs, this enables the user to control the light without external
devices. Being controlled via GenICam, any GenICam-compliant 3rdparty software is able to control the light as well. Maximum ON-time is
Feature description46

SVS-VISTEK

100ms. Depending on the camera model, up to 4 (see specifications)
independent channels are supported with a max current of 3A@40ms .
Maximum continuous current is 0.3 A. Despite internal protections,higher current peaks might be able to damage the camera.
.

Attach LED lights to camera outputs

USE RIGHT DIMENSION OF RESISTOR!
To avoid destruction of your LED light or camera, make sure to
use the right dimension of shunt resistor. If not done so, LEDs
and/or Camera might be damaged.

Calculate LED shunt resistors
Shunt resistors are used to limit the LED current. Make sure, neither shunt
nor LED run above specs.

LEDs in Continuous Mode
Example Calculation “No Flash” (CW Mode)
Voltage drop al 5 LEDs, 2,2V per LED (see spec. of LED)
Max. continuous current (see spec. of LED)

250 mA

Voltage supply

24 V

Voltage drop at resistor (24 V – 11 V);< =Pull up Resistor R = >?@ AB
Total power ( C

D EF )

Power at LEDs (;; = E >?@ ABG

Power loss at resistor ( ;< = E >?@ HB )Feature description

11 V

13 V
52 Ω

6W
2,75 W
3,25 W

47

SVS-VISTEK

LEDs in Flash Mode
Most LED lights can cope with currents higher than specs. This gives you
higher light output when light is ON. Please refer to your LED specs if LED
overdrive is permitted.
By controlling the duty cycle the intensity of light and current can becontrolled. See sequencer example how to adjust the values in the
GenICam tree for strobe control.
NOTICEThe shorter the „time on“ – the higher current can beused when driving LEDs with current higher than spec

Strobe vocabulary
For an example how to enable and adjust the integrated strobe controller
refer to sequencer. Times and frequencies are set in tics. 1 tic = 15ns.

Exposure Delay
A tic value, representing the time between the (logical) positive edge oftrigger pulse and start of integration time.

Strobe Polarity
Positive or negative polarity of the hardware strobe output can beselected.

Strobe Duration
The exposure time of LED lights can be set in tics. The min duration is 1
µsec. The longest time is 1 second.

Strobe Delay
The delay between the (logical) positive edge of trigger pulse and strobe
pulse output.

Feature description48

SVS-VISTEK

5.3.6 Sequencer
The sequencer is used when different exposure settings and illuminations
are needed in a row.
Values to set

Description

Sequencer interval

Duration of the interval

Exposure start

Exposure delay after interval start

Exposure stop

Exposure stop related to interval Start

Strobe start

Strobe delay after interval start

Strobe stop

Strobe stop related to interval Start

PWM frequency

Basic duty cycle ( 1 / Hz ) for PWM

PWM change

Demodulation results

In the current GenICam implementation, all values have to be entered in
tic values.
1 tic = 15 ns
Every adjustment (times, frequencies) has to be recalculated into tics anddone in tics. See the example below.
When setting “Exposure Start” and “Stop” consider ‘read-out-time’ of thesensor. It has to be within the Sequencer interval.
For physical input and output connections refer to pinout or specifications
or see example below. After trigger signal all programmed intervals will
start. Up to 16 intervals can be programmed.
Sequencer settings can be saved to camera EEPROM.

ExampleFor demonstration, imagine following task to be done:
Scenario
An object should be inspected with a monochrome camera. For
accentuating different aspects of the image, 4 images should be taken ina row with 4 different colours of light: Red, Green, Blue, White. White
light should be generated from the RGB lights being activated at the sametime. Basis is a dark environment without other light sources.
Camera wiring-

3 LED lights are physically connected to the camera on out 0-2(red, green, blue)
Out 3 is not used

I/O matrix-

Feature description

4 images to be taken (RGBW) result in 4 sequences
RGB PWM change with different intensities (duty cycle) taking
care for differences in spectral response of the camera sensor
PWM change 0-2 is connected to out 0-2
Seq pulse A is driving the exposure (trigger)
Seq pulse B is driving the strobe
Seq pulse B in WHITE sequence is reduced down to 33% as lightintensities of 3 lights (RGB) will add up

49

SVS-VISTEK

Notes
-

-

-

Different exposure / strobe timings are used for illustration. In
most cases they will show values same as exposure
The resulting exposure time shows the period of sensor light
exposure. (‘’masking’’ of exposure time by creating strobe light
impulses shorter than exposure time). This value is not adjustable
at the camera
PWM change is shown with reduced height for demonstrating
reduced intensity. In reality though, PWM change will be fullheight (full voltage, shunt resistor might be necessary) with theadjusted duty cycle
Use a PWM frequency high enough not to interfere with yourtimings (here: 1000 Hz)

Scenario values

Interval 0 (RED)Interval 1 (GREEN)

Interval 2 (BLUE)

Interval 3 (WHITE)

Sequencer Interval

1000 ms

1000 ms

1000 ms

1000 ms

Seq pulse A start

0 ms

0 ms

100 ms0 ms

Seq pulse A stop

100 ms

300 ms

300 ms

100 msSeq pulse B start

0 ms

100 ms200 ms0 ms

Seq pulse B stop

100 ms200 ms

300 ms

33 ms

PWM Frequency f1000 Hz

1000 Hz

1000 Hz

1000 HzPWM change 0 (RED)

100%

0%

0%

100%

PWM change 1 (GREEN)

0%

70%

0%

70%

PWM change 2 (BLUE)

0%

0%

80%

80%

PWM change 3

-

-

-

-

Feature description50

SVS-VISTEKAs being said before, all these values have to be entered into thecamera’s GenICam tree as tic values.
The timing values translate like this into tics:

Values to set in GenICam
properties

Interval 0 (RED)Interval 1 (GREEN)

66666667 tic(1000 ms)

66666667 tic(1000 ms)

66666667 tic(1000 ms)

66666667 tic(1000 ms)

Seq pulse A start

0 tic(0 ms)

0 tic(0 ms)

6666667 tic(100 ms)

0 tic(0 ms)

Seq pulse A stop

6666667 tic(100 ms)

20000000 tic(300 ms)

20000000 tic(300 ms)

6666667 tic(100 ms)

Seq pulse B start

0 tic(0 ms)

6666667 tic(100 ms)

13333333 tic(200 ms)

0 tic(0 ms)

Seq pulse B stop

6666667 tic(100 ms)

13333333 tic(200 ms)

20000000 tic(300 ms)

2200000 tic(33 ms)

100 ms

100 ms

100 ms33 ms

66667 tic
(1000 Hz)

66667 tic
(1000 Hz)

66667 tic
(1000 Hz)

66667 tic
(1000 Hz)

66667 tic
(100% of 1000 Hz)

0 tic

0 tic

66667 tic
(100% of 1000 Hz)

PWM change 1 (GREEN)

0 tic

46667 tic
(70% of 1000 Hz)

0 tic

46667 tic
(70% of 1000 Hz)

PWM change 2 (BLUE)

0 tic

0 tic

53333 tic
(80% of 1000 Hz)

53333 tic
(80% of 1000 Hz)

-

-

-

-

Sequencer Interval

Effective exposure time
PWM Frequency f

PWM change 0 (RED)PWM change 3

Interval 2 (BLUE) Interval 3 (WHITE)

In a timings diagram, the sequence values above will look like thisFeature description

51

SVS-VISTEKSequencer setup with SVCapture
Starting with SVCapture 2.5.2, there is a sequencer assistant, providing
easy setup of the sequencer settings. The assistant will help you to setup
timings for start exposure and lighting and so on. The PWMs areconnected to the physical outputs (e.g. for driving LED lights)..
For making the sequencer work in general, have a look into the
GenICam tree or even more simple into the I/O assistant. Connect thethe I/O lines as below:

You may start the sequence with a hardware trigger input signal(sequencer is connected to Input 1). As an alternative you might use asoftware trigger. For software trigger setup, adjust as below:

Feature Name

Feature Value

Acquisition Control - Acquisition Mode

Continuous

Acquisition Control – Trigger Selector - Trigger Mode On
Acquisition Control – Trigger Selector - Trigger
SourceAcquisition Control – Trigger Selector – Exposure
ModeLine 1
Trigger Width

Enhanced IO – PWMEnable

On

Enhanced IO – SeqEnableOn

The Exposure mode „trigger width“ makes exposure start at a certain
timing (Seq pulse A) and stop at Seq pulse B. In the GenICam tree thisFeature description52

SVS-VISTEK

will reflect as following:

Feature description

53

SVS-VISTEK

5.3.7 Optical Input
In many trigger signals you find noise, transients and voltage spikes.
These are able to damage components in the camera and trigger signal
interpretation might be difficult.
An optical input seperates the electrical trigger and camera circuits. The
benefit of such an optical input is to avoid all these kinds of interaction
from power sources or switches. The disadvantage of an optical input isthat it is slower in terms of signal transmission and slew rate than a directelectrical connection.
If you need super fast response from the camera, direct electrical accessis your choice. If your camera trigger is in the ms range or slower, werecommend to use the optical input.
An optical input needs some current for operation. The SVS-Vistek optical
input is specified to 5-24V, 8mA.

The opto coupler galvanically separates electrical circuits by emitting lighton one side and interpreting light in the other. There is no direct electricinteraction between both electrical circuits.

Feature description

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5.3.8 PLC/Logical Operation on Inputs
The logic input combines trigger signals with Boolean algorithms. The
camera provides AND, NAND, OR, NOR as below. You might combine
combine true/false states of the inputs to determine camera actions. The
result can be connected to a camera trigger signal or it may be source forthe next logical operation with another input. It is possible to connect it toan OUT line as well.

AND
Both trigger inputs have to be true.
A

B

Y=A∧B

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

0

0

1

1

1

NAND
The N E G A T I V E -A ND is true only if its inputs are false.
Invert the output of the AND module.
AB

Y = A NAND B

0

0

1

0

1

1

1

0

1

1

1

0

OR
If neither input is high, a low pulse_out (0) results.
Combine trigger input one and two.
A

B

Y=AvB

0

0

0

0

1

1

1

0

1

1

1

1

NOR
No trigger input – one nor two – results in a high or a low level
pulse_out.
Invert both trigger inputs. By inverting the resulting pulse_out you will get
the NOR I pulse
A

Feature description

B

Y=A⊽B

NOR

Y=A∨B

NOR i

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

1

1

0

0

1

1

1

0

1

55

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5.3.9 Serial data interfaces(ANSI EIA/) TIA-232-F
RS-232 and RS-422 (from EIA, read as Radio Sector or commonly as
Recommended Standard) are technical standards to specify electricalcharacteristics of digital signalling circuits. Serial connection might beused to control SVCams. These signals are used to send low-power data
signals to control exposure, light or lenses (MFT). Usage scenario is acontrol possibility without network. Be aware of low connection speed.
serial interface parameters – RS-232 and RS-422

Serial interface Parameter

RS-232

RS-422

Maximum open-circuit voltage

±25 V

±6 V

Max Differential Voltage

25 V

10 V

Min. Signal Range

±3 V

2V

Max. Signal Range

±15V

10 V

See your camera data sheet regarding its serial capabilities.
Data transport is always asynchronous. Synchronization is implemented byfist and last bit of a package. Datarate (bits per second) must be defined
before transmission.

RS232
RS232 is splitted into 2 lines receiving and transferring Data.
RXD
TXD

receive datatransmit data

Signal voltage values are:
low:
high:

-3 … -15 V+3 … +15 V

With restrictions: refer to table of serial interface parameter above.
Packaging Data into containers (adding start and stop bits) is
implemented by the UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter)

UART encoding of a data stream

Feature description

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5.3.10

Trigger-Edge Sensitivity

Trigger-Edge Sensitivity is implemented by a “schmitt trigger”. Instead of
triggering to a certain value Schmitt trigger provides a threshold.

Schmitt trigger noise suppression

5.3.11

Debouncing Trigger Signals

Bounces or glitches caused by a switch can be avoided by software within
the SVCam.

bounces or glitches caused by a switch

Feature description

57

SVS-VISTEKTherefor the signal will not be accepted till it lasts at least a certain time.
Use the IO Assignment tool to place and enable the debouncer module
in between the “trigger” (schmitt trigger) and the input source (e.g.: line1).
DebouncDuration register can be set in multiples of 15ns (implement ofsystem clock). E.g. 66 666 ≈ 1 ms

debouncer between the trigger source and trigger

The Debouncer module

the debouncer module

Feature description

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5.3.12Prescale

The Prescaler function can be used for masking off input pulses byapplying a divisor with a 4-bit word, resulting in 16 unique settings.
>

Reducing count of interpreted trigger signal>

Use the prescaler to ignore a certain count of trigger signals.

>

Divide the amount of trigger signals by setting a divisor.

>

Maximum value for prescale divisor: is 16 (4 bit)

Prescale values and their result on trigger signal

The prescale module

the prescale module

Feature description

59SVS-VISTEK

6Specifications

All specifications can be viewed as well on our website, www.svsvistek.com. We are proud to have ongoing development on our cameras,so specs might change and new features being added. Spectral response
curves are sensor only and do not include camera spectral response
modifications due to filters or cover glass.

Specifications

60

SVS-VISTEK

6.1 EXO694*U3

Model

exo694CU3

exo694MU3

familyactive pixel w x hmax. frame rate
chromainterface

EXO
2752 x 2200
25 fpscolor
USB3 Vision

EXO
2752 x 2200
25 fpsmono
USB3 Vision

sensor namesensor manufacturer
sensor architecture
shutter typeequivalent format
diagonal
pixel w x h
optic sensor w x h
exposure time
max. gain

S/N Ratio

ICX694AQG
Sony
Area CCD
global1"
16.0 mm
4.54x4.54 µm
14.6x12.8 mm
42 µs / 1s
18 dB
62 dB environment
dependant
41 dB environment
dependant

ICX694ALG
Sony
Area CCD
global1"
16.0 mm
4.54x4.54 µm
14.6x12.8 mm
42 µs / 1s
18 dB
62 dB environment
dependant
41 dB environment
dependant

frame buffer
CL geometry
frequency selectexp. time adjustment
px format 8 / 12 / 16
packed readout
max binning h / v
LUT
ROI
white balancing
tap balancing
gain
black level
PIV
readout control
flat field correction
shading correction
defect pixel correction
image flip

256MB RAM 32MB
Flash
manual;auto;external
x/x/2/2
12to8(1)1
auto;manual
auto;manual
manualx
horizontal;vertical

256MB RAM 32MB
Flash
manual;auto;external
x/x/2/2
12to8(1)1
auto;manual
manualx
horizontal;verticaltrigger int / ext / soft
trigger edge high / low
sequencer

x/x/x
x/x
x

x/x/x
x/x
x

dynamic range

Specifications

61

SVS-VISTEKPWM power out
trigger IN TTL-24 V
outputs open drain
optical in / out
RS-232 in / out
RS-422 in / out
power supply

x
2
4
1/1/1
-/10...25 V

x
2
4
1/1/1
-/10...25 V

lens mountdynamic lens control
size w / h / d (1)weightprotection classpower consumption
operating temperaturehumidity noncondensing
statusC-Mount
50x50x41.16 mm
138 g
IP40
5.5 W
-10...60°C

C-Mount
50x50x41.16 mm
138 g
IP40
5.5 W
-10...60°C

10…90 %
production

10…90 %
production(1) please refer todrawings

Specifications

62

SVS-VISTEK

Spectral sensitivity characteristics
Color

Figure 7: IMX694LQR

Mono

Figure 8: IMX694LLR

Specifications

63

SVS-VISTEK

6.2 EXO814*U3

Model

exo814MU3

exo814CU3

familyactive pixel w x hmax. frame rate
chromainterface

EXO
3360 x 2712
18 fpsmono
USB3 Vision

EXO
3360 x 2712
18 fpscolor
USB3 Vision

sensor namesensor manufacturer
sensor architecture
shutter typeequivalent format
diagonal
pixel w x h
optic sensor w x h
exposure time
max. gain

S/N Ratio

ICX814ALG
Sony
Area CCD
global1"
16.0 mm
3.69x3.69 µm
14.6x12.8 mm
42 µs / 1s
18 dB
61 dB environment
dependant
40 dB environment
dependant

ICX814AQG
Sony
Area CCD
global1"
16.0 mm
3.69x3.69 µm
14.6x12.8 mm
42 µs / 1s
18 dB
61 dB environment
dependant
41 dB environment
dependant

frame buffer
CL geometry
frequency selectexp. time adjustment
px format 8 / 12 / 16
packed readout
max binning h / v
LUT
ROI
white balancing
tap balancing
gain
black level
PIV
readout control
flat field correction
shading correction
defect pixel correction
image flip

256MB RAM 32MB
Flash
manual;auto;external
x/x/x
12to8(1)1
auto;manual
manualx
horizontal;vertical

256MB RAM 32MB
Flash
manual;auto;external
x/x/x
2/2
12to8(1)1
auto;manual
auto;manual
manualx
horizontal;verticaltrigger int / ext / soft
trigger edge high / low
sequencer

x/x/x
x/x
x

x/x/x
x/x
x

dynamic range

Specifications

64

SVS-VISTEKPWM power out
trigger IN TTL-24 V
outputs open drain
optical in / out
RS-232 in / out
RS-422 in / out
power supply

x
2
4
1/1/1
-/10...25 V

x
2
4
1/1/1
-/10...25 V

lens mountdynamic lens control
size w / h / d (1)weightprotection classpower consumption
operating temperaturehumidity noncondensing
statusC-Mount
50x50x41.16 mm
138 g
IP40
6.0 W
-10...60°C

C-Mount
50x50x41.16 mm
138 g
IP40
6.0 W
-10...60°C

10…90 %
production

10…90 %
production(1) please refer todrawings

Specifications

65

SVS-VISTEK

Spectral sensitivity characteristics
Color

Figure 9: IMX814LQR

Mono

Figure 10: IMX814LLR

Specifications

66

SVS-VISTEK

7 Dimensions
All length units in mm.
Find drawings in the web download area athttps://www.svs-vistek.com/en/support/svs-support-download-center.php
CAD step files available with valid login at SVS-VISTEK.com

7.1 exo694*U3, exo814*U3, exo834*U3
frontside Left

Dimensions

67

SVS-VISTEKSide RightTop

Dimensions

68

SVS-VISTEK

BottomBack

Dimensions

69

SVS-VISTEKCross Section

Dimensions

70

SVS-VISTEK

7.2 C & CS mount
For C & CS mounts, different back focus distances from sensor to lens.
>>>>C-mount:
CS-mount:
Diameter:Screw threading: 1/32

17,526 mm
12,526 mm
1 inchinch

CS-mount cameras accept C and CS types of lenses. C-mount lenses
require an additional 5mm adapter ring.
C-mount cameras only accept C mount lenses as the flange to sensor
distance does not allow a CS mount lens close enough to the Sensor toachieve a focused image.

differences of C- & CS-mount

Dimensions

71

SVS-VISTEK

Note regarding lens screw in depth:
Maximum C-mount screw-in depth is 9.1mm or 10.6mm image side
flange distance if diameter does not exceed 20.6mm.

Dimensions

72

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8 Terms of warrantyStandard Products Warranty andAdjustment

Seller warrants that the article to be delivered under this order will be free fromdefects in material and workmanship under normal use and service for a periodof 2 years from date of shipment. The liability of Seller under this warranty islimited solely to replacing or repairing or issuing credit (at the discretion of Seller)
for such products that become defective during the warranty period. In order topermit Seller to properly administer this warranty, Buyer shall notify Seller promptly
in writing of any claims,; provide Seller with an opportunity to inspect and test the
products claimed to be detective. Such inspection may be on customer’s premises
or Seller may request return of such products at customer’s expense. Such expense
will subsequently be reimbursed to customer if the product is found to be defective
and Buyer shall not return any product without prior return authorization from
Seller. If a returned product is found to be out of warranty or found to be within
the applicable specification, Buyer will have to pay an evaluation and handlingcharge, independent of possible repair and/or replacement costs. Seller will notify
Buyer of the amount of said evaluation and handling charges at the time thereturn authorization is issued. Seller will inform Buyer of related repair and/or
replacement costs and request authorization before incurring such costs. Buyer
shall identify all returned material with Sellers invoice number, under whichmaterial has been received. If more than one invoice applies, material has to beclearly segregated and identified by applicable invoice numbers. Adjustment is
contingent upon Sellers examination of product, disclosing that apparent defects
have not been caused by misuse, abuse, improper installation of application,
repair, alteration, accident or negligence in use, storage, transportation or
handling. In no event shall Seller be liable to Buyer for loss of profits, loss of use,or damages of any kind based upon a claim for breach of warranty.

Development Product Warranty

Developmental products of Seller are warranted to be free from defects inmaterials and workmanship and to meet the applicable preliminary specification
only at the time of receipt by Buyer and for no longer period of time in all otherrespects the warranties made above apply to development products. The
aforementioned provisions do not extend the original warranty period of any
article which has been repaired or replaced by Seller.

Do not break Warranty LabelIf warranty label of camera is broken warranty is void.
Seller makes no other warranties express or implied, and specifically, seller makes
no warranty of merchantability of fitness for particular purpose.

What to do in case of
Malfunction

Please contact your local distributor first.

Terms of warranty73

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9 FAQ
Problem

Solution

Camera does not respond to light.

Check if camera is set to “Mode 0“. I.e. free running with programmed
exposure ctrl. When done, check with the program “Convenient Cam“ if you
can read back any data from the camera, such as “Mode“, “type“ of CCD,
exposure time settings, etc..
If “Mode 0“ works properly, check the signals of the camera in the desired
operation mode like “Mode 1“ or “Mode 2“. In these modes, check if the
ExSync signal is present. Please note that a TTL signal must be fed to thetrigger connector if it is not provided by the frame grabber (LVDS type). The
typical signal swing must be around 5 V. Lower levels will not be detected by
the camera... If you use a TTL level signal fed to the “TB 5 connector“ checkthe quality and swing. If these signals are not present or don’t have theproper quality, the camera cannot read out any frame (Mode 1 and 2).
Beware of spikes on the signal.

Image is present but distorted.

Check the camera configuration file of your frame grabber. Check numberof “front- and back porch“ pixel. Wrong numbers in configuration file cancause sync problems. Check if your frame grabber can work with the data
rate of the camera.

Image of a color version camera looks
strange or false colors appear.

If the raw image looks OK, check the camera file to see if the pixels need to
be shifted by either one pixel or one line. The image depends on thealgorithm used. If the algorithm is starting with the wrong pixel such effects
appear.

Colors rendition of a color versions not
as expected – especially when using
halogen light.

Halogen light contains strong portions of IR radiation. Use cut-off filters ataround 730 nm like “Schott KG 3“ to prevent IR radiation reaching the
CCD.

No serial communication is possible
between the camera and the PC.

Use “load camera DLL” and try again.

FAQ

74

SVS-VISTEK

10 Glossary of Terms
Aberration
ADC
Aperture

Bayer Pattern

Spherical aberration occurs when light rays enter near the edge of the lens;
Chromatic aberration is caused by different refractive indexes of different
wavelengths of the light. (Blue is more refractive than red)
Analogue-to-Digital Converter, also known as A/D converter
In optics, Aperture defines a hole or an opening through which light travels.
In optical system the Aperture determines the cone angle of a bundle of rays
that come to a focus in the image plane. The Aperture can be limited by aniris, but it is not solely reliant on the iris. The diameter of the lens has alarger influence on the capability of the optical system.
A Bayer filter mosaic or pattern is a color filter array (CFA) deposited onto
the surface of a CCD or CMOS sensor for capturing RGB color images. The
filter mosaic has a defied sequence of red, green and blue pixels such thatthe captured image can be transported as a monochrome image to the host(using less bandwidth); where after the RGB information is recombined in acomputer algorithm.

Binning

Binning combines the charge from two (or more) pixels to achieve higher
dynamics while sacrifying resolution.

Bit-Depth

Bit-depth is the number of digital bits available at the output of the Analogto-Digital Converter (ADC) indicating the distribution of the darkest to thebrightest value of a single pixel.

Camera Link

Camera Link is a multiple-pair serial communication protocol standard [1]designed for computer vision applications based on the National
Semiconductor interface Channel-link. It was designed for the purpose ofstandardizing scientific and industrial video products including cameras,
cables and frame grabbers.

CCD

Charge Coupled Device. Commonly used technology used for camera
sensors used to detect & quantify light, i.e. for capturing images in anelectronic manner. CCDs were first introduced in the early 70ies.

CMOS

Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor. A more recently adopted
technology used for camera sensors with in-pixel amplifiers used to detect &quantify light, i.e. capturing images in an electronic manner.

CPU

Central Processing Unit of a computer. Also referred to as the processor
chip.

dB

Decibel (dB) is a logarithmic unit used to express the ratio between twovalues of a physical quantity.

Decimation

For reducing width or height of an image, decimation can be used (CMOS
sensors only). Columns or rows can be ignored. Image readout time isthereby reduced.

Defect map

Identifies the location of defect pixels unique for every sensor. A factory
generated defect map is delivered and implemented with each camera.

EPROM

Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory is a type of memory chip thatretains its data when its power supply is switched off.

External Trigger

Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory is a type of memory chip thatretains its data when its power supply is switched off.

fixed frequency
Gain

Glossary of Terms

or programmed exposure time. Frames are read out continuously.
In electronics, gain is a measure of the ability of a two-port circuit (often an
amplifier) to increase the power or amplitude of a signal from the input tothe output port by adding energy to the signal.

75

SVS-VISTEKGamma
GenICam

GigE VisionGPU
HiroseISO
Jumbo Frames

Mount
Multicast

PWM
Partial Scan

Gamma correction is a nonlinear operation used to code and decodeluminance values in video or still image systems.
Provides a generic programming interface for all kinds of cameras anddevices. Regardless what interface technology is used (GigE Vision, USB3
Vision, CoaXPress, Camera Link, etc.) or which features are implemented,
the application programming interface (API) will always be the same.
GigE Vision is an interface standard introduced in 2006 for highperformance industrial cameras. It provides a framework for transmitting
high-speed video and related control data over Gigabit Ethernet networks.
Graphics Processing Unit of a computer.
Cable connectors commonly used for power, triggers, I/Os and strobe lights
see Gain.
In computer networking, jumbo frames are Ethernet frames with more than
1500 bytes of payload. Conventionally, jumbo frames can carry up to 9000
bytes of payload. Some Gigabit Ethernet switches and Gigabit Ethernet
network interface cards do not support jumbo frames.
Mechanical interface/connection for attaching lenses to the camera.
Multicast (one-to-many or many-to-many distribution) is an ethernet group
communication where information is addressed to a group of destination
computers simultaneously. Multicast should not be confused with physicallayer point-to-multipoint communication.
Pulse width modulation. Keeping voltage at the same level while limiting
current flow by switching on an off at a very high frequency.
A method for reading out fewer lines from the sensor, but “skipping” lines
above and below the desired area. Typically applied to CCD sensors.
In most CMOS image sensors an AOI (area of interest) or ROI (region ofinterest) can be defined by selecting the area to be read. This leads toincreased frame rate.

Pixel clock

The base clock (beat) that operates the sensor chip is. It is typically also theclock with which pixels are presented at the output node of the image
sensor.

RAW

A camera RAW image file contains minimally processed data from theimage sensor. It is referred as raw in its meaning. SVS-VISTEK plays out
RAW only.

Read-Out-Control

ShadingRead-Out control defines a delay between exposure and image readout. It
allows the user to program a delay value (time) for the readout from thesensor. It is useful for preventing CPU overload when handling very large
images or managing several cameras on a limited Ethernet connection.
Shading manifests itself a decreasing brightness towards the edges of theimage or a brightness variation from one side of the image to the other.
Shading can be caused by non-uniform illumination, non-uniform camera
sensitivity, vignetting of the lens, or even dirt and dust on glass surfaces(lens).

Shading correction

ShutterGlossary of Terms

An in-camera algorithm for real time correction of shading. It typicallypermits user configuration. By pointing at a known uniform evenly
illuminated surface it allows the microprocessor in the camera to create acorrection definition, subsequently applied to the image during readout.
Shutter is a device or technique that allows light to pass for a determined
period of time, exposing photographic film or a light-sensitive electronic
sensor to light in order to capture a permanent image of a scene.

76

SVS-VISTEKStrobe light

A bright light source with a very short light pulse. Ideal for use withindustrial cameras, e.g. for “freezing” the image capture of fast moving
objects. Can often be a substitute for the electronic shutter of the image
sensor. Certain industrial cameras have dedicated in-camera output drivers
for precisely controlling one or more strobe lights.

Tap

CCD sensors can occur divided into two, four or more regions todouble/quadruple the read out time.

TCP/IP

TCP/IP provides end-to-end connectivity specifying how data should bepacketized, addressed, transmitted, routed and received at the destination.

USB3 Vision

The USB3 Vision interface is based on the standard USB 3.0 interface anduses USB 3.0 ports. Components from different manufacturers will easily
communicate with each other.

Trigger modes

XML Files

Glossary of Terms

Cameras for industrial use usually provide a set of different trigger modes
with which they can be operated.
The most common trigger modes are: (1) Programmable shutter trigger
mode. Each image is captured with a pre-defined shutter time; (2) PulseWidth Control trigger. The image capture is initiated by the leading edge ofthe trigger pulse and the shutter time is governed by the width of the pulse;(3) Internal trigger or Free-Running mode. The camera captures images at
the fastest possible frame rate permitted by the readout time.
Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language that defines a setof rules for encoding documents in a format which is both human-readable
and machine-readable77