r~~ t-t~ ~l• -, ,1JA..l.'1)<1>-r:21 tt~a)7':::7'*liJJ
Jt?·h3:.., I I::ll -z,gj_ig~~:ltt~90if.f\;0)7'::,7'I.lHl:*lif\i(l)JiJt'l!c
1::roilmt.,.fW,/j;l:~U::c' , 7':/7'*lif,j(l);:_:11,tySHlt,'i~iltt, c'.lUiU,3}._0)J!tH~O)~~f"--7.'.::, ElEllt.d-t~Himt..:T,
21 tt~0);7::,;7*ffi(l)i>JflEtt, .::"J, ,-rtllhn ,~;1:,o

1. 17':/7'0)~ffia/i'fif.~:7·• - :1J1J;1.·1.,_;1yi:,j-7./· :,-\'-<'= 7-'b;l:c' J

7'r: :t-:..,· ;Js--tt-\'-:t-:...-(f- .i 7- • ;,:::i;,;k~J7:1Jj':,.'
J7 1)'J - ;l.
-1z;,:,,-;1J~~ / :,11')

2. 11>J-ct·;1Hf0)7':.7J70)*1*i : 2ott~*O):t1l!t~ttH~~ TJ=7:..-,::;--\':..,.-:,::,-\'(*lif\n'H~~ r "v-:,7' )3. 11~lllJft"-O)i~iltt, J

lU, tg (~~*li&:k~~ffl/8* lt?·h3:.., ID0)$1,~/:::,:..,;f-::,"Jb 0) p}im\i

1,S,t~Hf/!\\i50)@7llJft"-J
7J<R~ (:/lll~JIl~:i'.i:ifrfl:*lif\ifgj;:ff~~ ~ / El* )r:JrO)~ffittJr=f~*c:'/• -tJ 1)A'b.-/J)G5'-?
.I •1/-'(1-"7f =.A-·b.r-..

Apinan Poshyananda

ifiL,\,,t!Hc,:: A L,J:-jn z \,'-Q:i:~:tf , tu.: 5 ,u~fM::;;gr:·,$00tia-;~(7):M.n:., fl,T-(;..,t,:·;t::,7"t:;/J;..,;t:)'7"t::st:f~(l)a~{H~~n\t-QU~::f~f:J>', 7"V'7"-i:1tt::§:.*1Ji~Wf.:&t£L,n 1 -Qo1-Qo a~~tt.f1999if(l)~;/JI Jf"i5"(f-Qa\L2000iftt, 1 ?ift.f~/il,t, 1 aMt(l)flJ*f*(f-Q(l)f.:'t,
flJ.:!,(j:tJ-tff:J':'ffi"~
t::iili!l5t.:'fill1Jf.n:_Tn
El9-QAqt'

1

J£iHi-t~.=(7),1;ixf:J>'tU.:5(7)~;2it::il[ti~tJ -::iT <-Q-Qo 7":/J7(::ii

B tii<tJt, 1 t~0? 0
1 00-\""~tu:
t!t-3'1'-11::(l)~Jil,1,,iu u,::tfit.:,I/.Jt::,j:, :t.J0)99i,j£.l(jf:le{_Hfi~e~,::,~s,::,j:*~'?'§IHfijtt, 1

1 00tj:t!t-3'\'-e%1::I7J(.,:t-O)T{:i'z:(::)iMiff:J'~))3-!m::si,1 -rt, 7"V'7"tJ"~~1Jt<;;ltn:H¥.!r£~-tt-Q't'il1i0?J~W:t.JO)t.f.i,·
1 L\, 1 -Q;:_('.(::,j:1[;/JIJ;/Ji,
1o('.l,1 J:'ffi"~f}~i,-Qf1~t.f.t,' a i?'t't.f.t, 1 00R ,j:, t-t!lt..ttt'?'~~ttO)flffi{ili:tJH::
l,;/J'l,,JU~:e~i::,uJ.~e~t!t-3'1'[?·• -1,;1,,.=.Jl, ~/'7-j-]feilf:J'?;::t't't!t-3'\'-{U:::ML,n,H.itfCT!J-Q
o t.f.f:J't::tj:,
t!t-3'1'-ttt,::~-Qi~H=v·-\'A~/'l"'ii'litif:J"~~!L:/1
n 1 -QNt't',j:;/JI,,f~t-t!lt..tttO)xxn:fii5tg-~-ttJ:?t~h--QOOtil1i-QtJ",*tmM r1
1-'.l?o 90if{ttDID'Lt!tWe~tJ&i~fll:ti~t7"V'7"&i~(l)Xi~e~/iJH~-,::J:1J,:lR1¥l7"V·7"~tl~HH=I~ilt>t.:/JEiY.>-Qi,,,j:Jl'~tPf,Jn-Qt't't::tJ -::it.:a t~fJ'2ifM, 7"V.7"tj:&i~e~iH!U::ij~~ o f(l)M.,7":)'7"(7)JJE,7":)'7"(7)~~-~t•~tt
f~!>M0S:/11J~-::i~o ~1JtiAR~,7":)'7"(7)H~(l)~1 -:::>t't'M<(l)t~0?f:J't-1/Jl(;tt,Elr~iL,n 1 -Qo

D-:;/JIJ;,_· ~J f{-'JclJtf:l9;::t(::;/JU~0? 0 ;::O)tJO)~~Jl!fe~;fvc
g(j:21 t!t*c,::ts1~~1w·:11,tO)J~w,u.l!:;ta, ~J£, oo~
iE.l!:5i:l,*1*j-\""x1U::t't'.:&,5,;::tt~6?o L,f.:f:J"-::i
T ;::O)~~~'t'tj:, ;::'jL,t.:x 11::e~~!lc0)7' • -tz7-t, rx:aJ'l11::JO)ffir,s
J:t.f r~ooe~t.f.tO)[I:tJ'r· ;,?JJ 0)¥~0)1±1:Jt::&>ti,::2) y:)'y(l)}~~{f9-Q 1{ili~11::[7"-1f-1);..,'7']J ('.\,'?il!,~f:J'':';•

i:t!tWiJHl't'~lfflL,n 1 <>fvc~t5s.i:t.J1J~21s:::E,j:J.ti-Qt;::6HOS1Jt,1 J:-jt::~~-Qo t~f:J<';::-jL,f.:j}j~(j:,t!t-3'1'-~•

1 T h-J:?C,l[i,f\:*1*jO);j;'f*ftf:l/a1,
?o

•

•

~(l)ti~& t•al,,~::E::E~tJ~~tt'?'OO•~f
J/:iilJtJl
L,n 1 <0 1[{1::(7)7-1::·-1-:-tm:t.J(l)fll:-5t!lctJ"ii1,,u~fMlA,'t'SIJ, t!t-3'\'-{l:;f(l)t(l)f:J<'~t1JIJ-:::>-:::>31,-Q
0 fl, T,~-~~~31,-Q7":)'7"(7)00R~·~~l,(7)~-~~~;/J:/1T
1 t!tWtSl:fft1,
I,1-Q(l)f,:'01)?D-/'IJl,,•') ·-(1.,--;;:)'t~/il,t,'?~~7'')7'8'-J!UlifilO)~/ie'-J~~80 if {t1f~f:J''?90 if {-\:tnmKMH7"V'7"0)~HiJli:f
5I~E;::L,t.:&i~e~)2i55/,tj:, 17"V-7"e~ni~J'?"17">7"*1flll
J ,::xt
9-Q~,[,,fG~E;::L,f.: o 7"V'7"e~/iJmr,t-t!lt~e~1M**'~,§:.tttJx 11::e~-*~e~ir~,j:, izs~~toor..,O)*fflt,j:-i:<,;1:,t!t-3'\'-fV-t-:::>t::'t-Q~h-'t'il1i-Q
o l,f:J'l,&'.~tJ;::ti::, ~Ii
1 t!tWt$1:J:f(j:jH;i:t,,(l),Rq:,(::&,-QL,1,
o t~1:ifT't5s.iOO,j:,t!t•~tJ -::iTc 1 -Qo t~tJ", ;:::/1S't/'\'.TO)~*H7"V.7"::E J tfJ'
17"V7ttJ t\, 1 -::it.:!Jl.-O)~*'=~:irn51L,J:'jt't-Q~Jj.(j:,!I!
(;::~igjf,:'(tf;/J-f'IJ, 7":)'7"('.\,1 ?i-i!lt~f:J>~~-Q§:,
Jitt-\""fi-l'l-iHr'l""OO~ii~&ii, t!tW~J£•~~,::J:1J1±me%:t.Jt
fr{ft-Qo 1&i::;::ns(l)00~e~&i~*Jl~tJ" ligL,tJ\t:ht;C
tltW-¥fO(l):g(7) T t::..:r.-:::i75'J.1'7"-\""15? t:::ML,
Tf*S:/1
f.:J:'j;/J5g_l:t.Jt;(j'.* e~ii:IHM>'f'r{ie~:/1-Q;::t(::;/J-Q
t~6? 0•

F:/7"t::stt-QiE.l!:;ta, J£, *~,t~~1J1~i1Hg-::in~~HIHJl.'t-Q*t•HB<Btt~o') It-:''7-t-:·.,H-t-:'f:J>'~~-Q

J:-jt::, :3- • ·;,l~O)AFait::t-::iT, 1EastJtt, 1-j~~(j:&2!;:

oo~~1~d;1:~i::t,i,II)e~t::(j:ili:lR7"
V'7":f~il;1cg-Q
o 1Far EastJ 31,-Qi,,,j: 10rient'-Qo ;::(l)t-i!lt~W.l:l::!1!:x'.e~-¥toe%tlextremeJti, '?~~(j:,;:::/1':',0)t-i!lt~f:J'.ili:lR7"V'7"
J:IJ~s,::~§f¥.L,n '-Qf:J",\,1 -:::>ti~L,-rtsf:J'L,<1J1,'~5it::iili!l5t.:

1JI;..,5 1J;:i_
Jit, 1 t1, '?,~,ff:z;;X-Q(::;.&i~t;f.1,' a {?Ut.f 1::1'·bJ

l-lP.t~tf:i'ftf
L,n 1-Qo m~,.f;JtWJntUOO, , {:t 7-5;..,t1;..,

ti, 1-::it.:iffi~O)~~lH::st,,z,j: , 11ili~ttJ0)1 ;(-vux:11::79

B(Jt::ff~/i.!h~n
TU.:tO)-z'\t)i;, ~< O):ij];-@.,17':>7'J t.t 1i!§

!InsideOut(~f~IJc9H~IJ)J(1998i!:), 1Citieson the Move)$J O)xf.li:*-i;%ct.,
Zfi1/i'-:5tti:,n Z1':t.:a ~~dt~nt.::s'l:(~JJjg~IBrn )J (1998i!:)CL'-:if.:ifil§Jmt.t, y :)'yftt7'

1tB(J~~t.t 1f.l.J.:!>J
c 11/f':>J
f.l!!Mi1t-r~flif<il1:fif.l~1:f, 00:;·713(JWOOm~O)RJif!flfili1U::~.#.i.t~-rn'f.:a tdf , 7':;·yft0).7.-j-v;t?1'7'1t-\"' ~~q,,i:.,,=E~ , U.:J7 V'J7fJ''J*B(J1;<-:>t.t~t:::jij:1E:~~n, 1JOit.,t.J:-s~n-rmcii-r ~tO)c'if.l~o fO)*a~ , 1r:nt.t7':>7't.t 1W001'UH::ittn[I~ -/3'-•/ 1JHaifO)mcntJ'1:>@~t.,t.:[?11.,,1,,.::zJJtO)cf!j!HR0)1.!!.1i':1.Htc'i!tWHHR-r~=cHitHL'f.:t::t:11i.Jni:,-f,~n, y-;)'yO)§l<Hllii'F.fct.t.t5t.,t.J:-rs:-r
1~/i~~111H17°)~-j--,±~O)1tO)~t.,~ J nil.~ni;~J 1*~~J tJ'~_tt., , mill~~r'f• 7'-r- J

IJ'15.li:Zt.:=ct.t*~c'if.l~o fO)*a~, i!§[lXO)J...t.,CT)~t_;

fn c'tt.J:-s , =ni:,O)Jm'ii~tJ' , filWO)illi.tt::tLii'-r{ltjji

1if.l~L,,.:1:17,t-77'-r-Jct.,-r ~ffi~n Z15t.:O)c'

if.l~o•I

1f Uclt~CT){±1ft.t~;l:~·;1:z·&i-:it.:o ~< 0) J..t.:!>t.t7'V'N)

90i!:1-tt.t100*B(JElcJ c 100*BMl!J~H5sl~r.J-r~7':>
7'~i*rlmtJ'~<, ~;1:~·;l:f.J:-ff~c':s'l:1tB(J.7.
-j-1,,:H17°1J'lmifflj)il.,L\]7-7-, .::Zr-O)~~H~t;;E -:it.:IJ', 7'-7-, .::Zr-t.:!,O))i!iJJlt.t)ffe~B(Jt.J:-tCT)
t::i&li!t'~iE~ t:::'.Rtt c

tt 11::.11<')-Q~n n ,f.:a y:)'yO)'ifi. · JJHt~i*rfM'ii~ct., -r .¥~-r
7°Dt.7.~ , 7':,;'7'~~0)~~c~M':>&~Wf.J:-~7':>7'R~L,M.:-:i-r CT)~*B(]Jm~t.t, i!tWcL,7:ij];c'O)~;l:l;l:Jioo0)7'-{ 7:,,7-,7-,f1JEJi-r M.:l,'JO).cJ=-$.nt.,-rmimt.,-r1s:

3Z:itc3Z:flJlO)iti~t.t~ffiHJl~-r~_n::ij];CT)
J...1:,t:: 1:s'l:flJlit
Jt.:nttc'&l~ o f.J:-1.J'c't,17':,;'7'0)t:l=-.::z ··1.,,(AsianO)ffii,-U!:!7=ct~3.K9M.:l,'J, 7:; ·70)mf-t~iijO)RJi:/$

Modernism)J 1ili:.i-\:ttf@;;t-r (Modernityand Beyond)J

fili1tt[A]ti,::, ~ffii'J".f• O)iffi.f• 1tU1U·J'c~nn ,<t;:"07t

L~i¥i7'V'7' - ili:.1-\:~i*fO)~~~(The Birthof ModernArt

L'7=Cc'if.l~ ~{1 , ~lf.'f.J:-™1f*ft0):'.R~OC~{U§~gin Southeast Asia)J, 1*i¥Jy-;)'y 1997 *~"'f'i~i*fO)~~l,')~~ , 7' :>7'(7):t-fl~1~-~CT)•[Aj~•h"~•mf.:l,'Jt::(Art in Southeast Asia 1997: Glimpses into the
Future)J t.J:-C:t.t, £,.f,;:(l(Jt::7'V7t::{it'J...t.,O)f.:l,'Jt::t~:m~~oottntft.J:-1:>f.J:-L' a 7' V7~f000)5t~B(J.li::ij];t::&,~q,l~L

0

B,.f,;:, UOOt.t, flf1:>h":m:1E:-r~7'V7ttif.lQL'ti17'
V.7'tW

nt.:M'ii~c'&l -:it.:a llt*q,,i:.,, O)iiffiiHlH::, 7:; ·yq,,i:.,, O)c--::>J CL'71 ;<- :)ft~~L, n '< ~t::, +~ )i~~< f.J:-ttti.

1~§-{L.,,ij&tff.J:-1:>f.J:-L' a =ni:,0)00tJ"7'V'J7CT)~}._-\"'7':,;'7'.l-:l9}(7)1l!J~-:iZftn -:i~O)~ o =ni:,O)Jm'ii~~~g~c'&l~c[Alaift=~U~B(Jc't&l-:if.:o L,;IJ>L,, IY 1/Y }._O)f.:11<') t::f<iltt ~H(H!t.,t.t,1if'.lE:(7):ij);pJr-\"':t-l!!f~O)lll,~t::Tttt;;ZO)J7V7 J CL,7:::i:,,t7'H::=t;:'p~j'Ml!Jttt.t , 17':>7'B(Jiiffi

L,lL \<fJ'':>c'if.l~o

1HJ!Jf El~t.:!JO)f.:1,'Jfdtt::~tJr-r~r,IHM%7'7°• -3't~.n:t.:-t±t.:t.:·ttc'&i~affOOltO)iffi,Pc,fl::~l*rCT)m•c't.t, :sz:
1tctlt;ttttL

Y1/Y~~~~O):ij];Mc'lfflM~n~Y1/YO)mft~ffiO)'7*-i;%t.t, ~l*r JmCT)if:

M'ii~O):ij];-@.
, =O) 17':>7'B(JiiffifiHliO)~tittJ t+,}t::J!

~7°Dt.::Z-\"'lll,~O)~;/J07°Dt.::Zc~<~h-@.
-:inMt.,-rti:,7t.:l,'Jt::,.:1:, u~0)™1,c,,u,1s:t.:-r Mm~ittJ"¾-,ll!;IJi~cL'7*-i;%tJ"~ f.:fJMCT)tCT)cL,
Z iifflg ~=ctJ"~c \~c'&i~ o :3-D •;;! 'l-\"']7;(l);/Jc'}m'ii~flffl{f9~7°Dt.::Z

t.:11<'), ~iifirt.taifct.,-r~~~t[A]t;;J::7t.J:-tO)ct.,n~i:,n~;::t'Q 0 ,f,::,.:1:, m'Hit:::::i:,,r,• -Jv~nt.:~:!H•·Ht/itfffi9~3'l:1tB(J~~tJ"&lQo 7'V7(7)mf-t~l*r0)**1tiTil!U-rM.:l,'Jt:: , aMI;O)~r.]~1ffi-ptl,t.J:-<"'[(.:l:f.J:-':>f.J:-L' ftl, c'BIJ:-S, ~;j:~';l:f.J:-7I

CT)PMt<iilliiil!H
, :sz:1ta(Jc::I7JL,~-tJ"cO)J::7t::t~~~nAT-, I \Jvt::Jii:,n~J::7t:: ' Y1/Y~lijt.t:mft_t0)~

Z1':t.:tJ'HJl1:>tJ>t::9~i&l*O)tw'ii~f=%-~L,
Z hd"::7a0[Alf;$

c:jijiJJ@~tl.t.:{i;;$JCO)~~c'&l~cL'7 , i!§[lXU~IJ'~L,z7177 Jl,7-, ]70)]7 ;( I) -JJ-@.~00~00100 iJ:~c;%}j(1889i!:J, :::i• :,,7·.::zO)i1r*~

L'~5t.A ill,t.:1:L,;j:tfll:(fc ·&,~o ~< O)g§[lX}._O)ill,~t.t,Y(1876i!:l, ,, 1Jnootw•~:>7'0)JJH-t~l*rt=woom~a(Jt.J:-1ifW:tJ"&ll9!:~nn ,~=c~Ji 400 i!:Hc;%t.,-r!fflii~nt.:-;.,n:::rnootw•~ (1893ii: ) CL' -:if.::3- • ·;;/'1-\"']7;(1)-JJt::s(tQOO~B(Jtw'ii~t.t,

H~fflt.,n '~ a

90 i!:1-tt::lfflfi~nt.:ifil§JmO)q,t::t.t, = 7L,t.:1WOOB(JJ 00*7'1-r:,,-j--,-j--,O):iG:mt~/i~OO*O)
Elc.¥~0)1±15~
61
1 ;(-j;IJ>i:,O)fiJ~f~~BO)Bif.l-:if.: 1989ij:(;::/ '11)c'lfflff~L,t.:a =ni:,O)**.!!.flf.J:-J500tw~~,.t,
3Z:flJlci!tW~~~nt.: 1Magiciensde la Terre (:k:tl!JO)/Jil1*rni!i)J$0)J::7t::
i!tWSJifOf~7:ij];tf.J:-:it.:O)c'ili,~o =ni:,O)J5tft:::ij];H~S1)-r-O)-~cJ!f.J:-~nt.:/Jil1ijE1(J•*1H$B(Jf.J:-tO)t::~#,i.f:1E:l,'J~O)c't.tt.J:-<, 17'7':,,.::zn~~;/JOc'15~00t.t, 3Z:1tB(JIm00r-· -t-1'7'---1'-(Against Nature)J (1990 ii: ), 1Traditions;;tt;C :.,-JJ:::intw(1893iJ:)0)~2~-~/Tensions ({is:$1CC~5l:Y:)'7'0)}Jl,
1-\:~1'1lr)
J (1996 ii: ) ,.::zt=~~~nt.:~U}OOO)H-'<t.t, r-Jv:::i-\"'i:>7'r, ~JL,:;

80·;;l<'h1' ·7'v~/

7', -=m-;i:::ic~' ·::d.::11!!:IM)}__,q:lf~"t,f,\!Hic'.li:;jliljt,;jliljt,
Tc'f.:o t,O)!il,c ,JE~1~cl, Tc'.l;l:c'.l";l:f.i:~n~0)1~~i~"t~~i , 'g~;i~O)~U~BiJf.i:-7:}'.,l)i,O)tt~, 1i9-=f-O)U00
0)~1~0)3R, -'iii:iE
ftO)m'/'lEBiJf.i:-M~SM.-:'/!J~~IJ, 1)- · -/;1,0)

tttc'.l"tt.i::,117'tf!E~c'.ln , sZft.:t.:L,c ,ttO) A ,q tf;:_ns-lf11,.:z..j'-1•;i?t.i:;ct11t , -'E;.,j'-1I>7>?-0)~1Hf~~:IJ'ii<:IJ'S'l"'-:iT~ t.:::S:Z:1ti1t~i"t~f.:&l.)(:1t;l:-:iTU.: o-:it.:1;.,.;z.:,1L,,-::,3;.,, 1)? 1ht--·T17''./'

ll~ft:IJ'T~c, ntwi:~;httT~jij(j,IEfiffl1iL,t.:IJ, OO~BiJ

1 } 0)1 ,7,t-?:,..::ZsJ:Zf1;., .::Z:,1L,,-::,3::.,,:t-')1>?J7'-f-.•7IAT1/T-\'1?:,.0)/\)l,;/J>t,T(J:'\"'c:':/1.~J:7(;:f.J:~oy .=.-\'O)( !, ·y'.,I

5'7( f-".7?·f-".7?
}c~t/ii , 1)-• r)i;.,O)( 1UJ-?:,. }, ? -=-·;it--.;:z1)'7.=.:f-7'-;.,0)( l::::,.?0)/i1'<fiil') t.i:-c·T

1'.h.:z..
1895 .$(:@Jf~:c'.l:ht.:")17', 1:::·i::,,j--L,,O)~~,0

1f.j,WO)r:I5Ji,""-,:~1.m"t~mfflooi:i;1:, ~8~0)1~•'.i1 1J

iv.>~opigjj.O)~j*j WT~~&l.)S:/1.
-:J-:J&,~;:_-jL,f.:
T-j'-1;t;.,:IJ']U~c'.l:/1.t.:o rJi .:z..·Y17'.g.p)rO)fi~i;1:,;tl:1Jcx1t ,.::Zt--t.:i.:,t;J:, flli.I~ftll~f-\:O):ki.ll.tlt.i:-1iL,'l"'~t.t.i:-1"'>t--t.i:-c·c'~:UcH!f.~9 ~ffl!JM!cf.i:-:if.:O)c·&>~o 8 *'j:5J1Jcl,T , rJi:'f.')17' • l::::·I:,.j--L,,(:7';:)7'0)7'-j'-1.:Z.t,-;IJ>~J.J09~J:-j~t.i:-fJl:l!HIU.:L,
Tc '~ o f~St;J:, ~:IJ'f.i:-#~cf1J~BiJ11.J~(::?J-:if.:O)(j:J;l:~BiJ~ifrO);:_cT&>~o ~!OOci,-illl;0)1~r;'1

i:J: -:iT/2\~BiJ1t~H:l:£1#"tQ, 1IBfiO)::,-\'-?;.,JtL, T~

1J:t;.,t;1:, -tn·f:hO)iJ&mc;;::!Jil'-t.:t,:1J,sO)w1.aiJffiJIJJi
Nll9.1,t~tO)cf.J:-:it.:o 1995 .$0)U001 ~rJ1 1J;t:,.0)1ffiff,'i:

it Jt&l.)S:/1.
Tc'~ AJi'lE'lit&>~o l,:IJ'l, , JJtwc ·J:O'!~\tS:/1.t.:T?m \ •;iHIIF~'l"''.$1·:,.-if-t.i:[.O);;zT-:;' • I ~7;t-?:,.

.::ZO)-Eflct;J:]fhT, f~St;J:"".::i.v1:,1-0)jli;~'1"'~1'1\j-3'0)~L,-ri;1:, tt§;.<O)U000)1~11sc1ikvH'UifiO)~ifi1J-¥t.:t,:1J',~OOBiJf.i:-I""'):f.::z··1.,.h ''l"':IJ'-1(:t:IJ'~rIT f.:o*Ji~O)tlt~t.i:-f.O)sMfc', Ufis%t.

J'E'
cil!!1ftH~~J.§i

1999 .$0)''.i'i.:Z..'Y 17' • l::::·I;.,j--L,,t:t;J:§;.ttO)q:iOO)__
7'-j-1 .::Zt--:IJ'~1.JDL,
T ;t,1J, -fO):(.H':WY:/7':IJ'SO)~fiJ!lct.i:"-:if.:o :h.t,5;1,· :::i~/,,,3:f--T&,~1 \7)1,t-t, -tt-?:,-0)}.__;R7'::/J'Q))tfl::'11ii5i!Q)5U~-ffltt.f.:Q)flf~i#< Q):IJ'?

,::t;t, q:iOOO)T-j'-1 .::zt--t.:t,N~;;,:O)t!Hci:5t~l,n '<b,'iJilffll,:IJ'-a.llS:IJ't.-:·o 7·:/70)7'-j'-1.:Z.H:c

7'::/7':ll!!:tipl;JO)t:l:J*~':
ElilAl\t:/1.iJ, x1tBiJ5i!jjjt;J:&l.);l:(Ql,c \/'{-.::ZT}EifflL,n '~ o ;:_:/1.t;I:, OO~BiJl::::'I/j--L,,-:iT, IE~(;!:a)l~c,J:-jt:,il!;ttJ:h~o iffi®.:Ufii:c -:iT(U:.i(;i:,siJ· g;~siJ'I"'t,-1)
I:,.:t--v:IJ'T:)70)!.li, 1-t~l*jffil WBiJf.i:-7'-t-· .:Z..
·;i~-~~NHtt--'7-?(::/tit:r.:c'.ltt
U.:&l.)O),¥fli:1'
iv.>Q;:_cf8iEaJ:l"t~tO)f.: o, ~:1Jt.i:-&~~-*iM-:i~-7':;'7'0)[!j,qO)§;,<O)T-j'-1 .7.t--0)~1.J•t El(:-:Jc ,f.:o tJ:-:i~IJL,T•7;·70)q:itHt.i:-"tll~O)t;I:,j!:.i(RtO);i::/J'l"'Wi.:1JO),f,lE.O)f.:&I.)(:, ~7':/7'~cc ' -:if.:iiBnW, ~l*j,Wf;,:~~TiBtl@cWi.5mlHU'r:iRi¥J7':;'7'0)7'-j'-1 .::Zt--O)tttHEl'.3ttJSt'~<Y' f.i:c'Cl''j;:_c_f.-:'ok-ffi~mnmct.J:ij-:J-:Jiv.>~ o -~O)~~c~~C*t;l:7')'70)lffifl~&>~c,t;J:~J'R1,S
iJliO)V ~O)IIU'IJi:5t~'t-rnc'tt.i:-s , OO~B%~1if1JWTt;J:,
7':;'70)7'-j'-1.::Zt--~1li:l!i~t.:"t cJif.i:-c'.l:/1.Q;:_c:IJ'§;.c' o81 ~~*BiJ(:t;J:, q:i00

t::~H ~tO)!iL,c'.lt;l:;l:"t;l:"t:t!ll:kL,
T~nt.i:"c,L,t;J:U00:1J>;:_O)ll~H1Jf~~,n ,<;:_tt.-:·0-50 t.-:W, llffili'~ o ;:_:1ii:t;1:::t_l;1ij , :W:#L1/lllltiLi,-~t , :k~,&,Hi

, 8

r&;~

BiJMc~0)1~9-:,.t;l:•7':;'7'TJE!ffiL,"fc,~, 1:,-~·, 1~""_:;zBiJ9}3lJ
O)fIJ5i~JcL,Tii!ffl"t ~;:_c, -f L,T 1009}0)~ACO)~~f.i:-1t;):1JJ
O)llt:1Jt;I:,~t.i:-~xft'i'i::Jll:O)t±Jfic\0)$1.JM)

9;., , ~7':>7'8ii00t;I:, ll\lJ,XB%fJl:l!i:~!i';l:QC,\l;l,tJti.~o1?v-::,7''1"'71 Jl:::>, :,11, 1:,.~·.:z..::,7t;1:,}__;R(:sc'T

B%:JN.::IJ'St.:
o'1 tJ<tJ<"t ~J:-jf.l:,f,\l;!Jic'.li1t~il,t.:l'Cl't"" .::i.v1 '.,1-jfflJO)l!~~BiJ1l!llimt:s~'T'b%1JIINc'.lnn ,u.:'iitt~t;J:, ~1*iBiJiffi~c~\E!~/¥~0)3l~1iffi1jf;,gj&l.)Tl
'<

&I),

Z..c.E7:>?o ~\E!~t;J:,
7;:/70)~ii~n~O)tllJ8i!i:IJ'S1i:;:Cs~::,:,.ff,t;-Ji,:IJ":lll:~7)'70)7'-t-- •-t?:,.:,1-cL,T O)fli:l!i:IJ'

IJ, W! , jijffi!@c'.l:ht.:1ii1L
77"y:,,3:,.(:~~~I.Z;:c ,ffif-:iTc ·Tc \~;/)> , C' -:if.:~'7':;'7'f[O)J:-j(::$t~L, Tl \<O):IJ>

t::2--::>0)!!EE:IJ'&>~o 00:tli~~t.:~l*H:J:~xmti:kmlt.i:-00~~1MJEO)::tfiOOi:t.i:-~;:_ct;J:f.l:c,1.-:·0?0

1::-JT1i:/IL,n,< o &l.)<~&l.)<§;.t!MiO)IIUIJt;I:,iffi®,:}__O)f.,i Ji 9Sti.iJt.i:-St.i:"c'f.:0-50
t::ill.:tl:tl!!:tiO)~~t.i:-~~i~Ji "t~*Zfc~ll:fmi&l.)"fl'•T>Ti=s~~•m~~'l"'fflUO)mEaff, T>TO)m<o7')'70)!.li,ft~1*jO)f-\:~B%T-j'-1 .:z.t--t.:i.:,O)fP}
A:IJ'(J:

1-t~l*jO)1)__:g,jjJ'I"'r~;:_:/1.;IJ'ifils ,J Cl ' -:if.:iJiHrH.ll.'.lE

rc'i:N<~S:/1. n,~0)00~~•mO)•i=mafmmL,o ~~5iO)X~c:tl~,

1,H),S,t)l,t.:JtJ1Ff571-,

L,n '<c'f5l!IJT~~ o -fl, T, ;:_ti.i;,O);l[am~t;l:g§!lXtifi-a-xiiO);i;J};:O)j'') ':,1)1,ftc'.l:ht.:;J~', iR~n~T>TO)T-

T1 .::Zf-f:l'clJQ;A,
T~ '< 0 77"Y:,,3/C~[;J:-j(;:, ';,'·;i? , A1) ·;i::,.::r., 17'-h(!l:°l '~lic'.liM -:iTc ,~J cJit.i:c'.ln~'.>11,.~:t:;~0)1;.,:,17?j'-1rJt.i: CD-ROM , 515.§O)~ftiflht.:

81

(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995 ), Ruth Philips

7'-1--tftillt±J~n, 1..A.~O)J~.l""tL,T~~~nM.:0? 0 7':>7'0)001lJ'f-~Ur~,;1:, gs~t,;1:~~-Q 1a;*ttJt 100a;ttJ
ffi•X:,S,~pl.,1, '~:i:~J-Jjt~-Q a 9}00h-50)~~0)~-t!

and Christopher Steiner (eds .), Unpacking Culture: Art andCommodity in Colonial and Postcolonial Worlds (Berkeley:
University of California Press, 1999).

5) ~j;{Jj'J7 1J.:,,.-;-,:.,~/'OW.lH:~lll1
o ''rhe Plurality of Contemporary
I~~;:.-t a ;:;: -c,;1:,7'-T-<
Asian Art," Why Asia?: Contemporary Asian and Asian:z..1--,;1:Mm,~mjc'i'i'<"'filfl~tttl§:.,tk:!!<-'fis:tm,=~1~-r-Qf'F
American Art (New York and London: New York University
Press, 1998), pp. 79-86.
gu1J{'Jc9-QQ,~,;1:~1,' a t;L,0' §; xft::t~ [? Jl,7:fJJl,76) Curtis Hinsley, "The World as Marketplace: Commodification of.:z.71) :J..
'.L.L ~ll5JE3'.t[A.7 • :>I-=T1L §;g:,,[,,::t~ [;j;"the Exotic at the World' s Columbian Exposition, Chicago,
1J-1z:
1..+ J ~:'.L.]ts ' -::it.:,t'<"'iJO)ffl~~O)ffl-::>::;1'11~:z..··1.t~
1893 ," Ivan Karp and Steven Lavine (eds.), Exhibiting
Cultures: The Poetics and Politics of Museum Display~~-\t-Q, ~xft3'.t~c9'il·Moo9'il~{'Jcgh '<6N, 13s=H::(Washington and London: Smithsonian Press, 1991 ), pp.344ifjlJ{'Jc"tMfJ:1,' a OOilJ'f-9%:::i:.---T-77..l--1'7':/7'ttHl@ftL, 365 , Babara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, "Confusing Pleasures,"
Destination Culture: Tourism, Museums and Heritagen ,<;:t,::J: -::iT, :ti::/Jt~@O):;;v;:1$Jjtj;lf~{tL,Tc '<a -f:O)~&?,tJl!c'l't~~~O)~L,h-g

1(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998 ), pp.203-248.

•• , 7':>7'-c~•~n-Q~I:.---1--v'<"'l--~I:.---1--v~,tt7) Apinan Poshyananda, "The Future: Post-Cold War, Post~t.:(t1'~<? 7..• ;(7'17''<"'l11'<fiiff;:t1,i:,O)g:,tMlBf!H::5 Modernism, Post Marginalia (Playing with Slippery Lubricants),"
J~~-tt,

Caroline Turner (ed.) , Tradition and Change: Contemporary

JliiJ!Wt!:t~-Qtf,',JaifCtR.~9'il~~lffl~,::;r,i!i'tst.:1">

Art of Asia and the Pacific (Brisbane: University of Queensland,l--t~M.:07 0

1993), Emmanuel Torres, "The Piony Visual Artist and theAsia-Pacific Century," Pananaw Philippine Journal of Visual-~Rlitl.,T ' t.&,;1:, 7")7'0)mf-t~lff-rO)*~W;JF~,::tj~

Arts , National Commission for Culture and the Arts, 1995-96,¥.f9'ilc'Sf J, J.11\!iff~~~;:"ttO)t.:t%-~-Q o ~lff-rW~Jl~,
7'-1--•?-'t-:>;(:.---1--, .:z.v1~-*M$tf.t.:"t1~t1,;1:,00
ilJ'f-9%~1ff-r;JiEii'::s1,,z~~ZS-Q

pp.10-19, Babara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett , "The
Display,"8) Richard McGregor, Japan Swings: Politics, Culture and Sex int.:,;1:;}l7':/7'::t~ , ~~9'iJ~7':>7'9'iJUHil!ififfi:tc,-513cM
jj!j9'iJ~7'7°• --r1',;I:~< , ;7·)7'~1ff-HB- • -;;J'i'<"'7';(I)

the New Japan (Singapore: Butterworth-Heinemann1996), pp.50-54 .

:n,7'7 1J:fJ'<"':t:.siz:;i~tOOtc'?f!cl-¥15tO)~f~tt,::s1, ,z
J:fJ/b.c'1.!ifff~1~1'~M.:0-5 a Y:>7't-t!!:t,,:t-CJ:fJ§;<0)00
llJ'f-~1ff-r~tf~fi~nn,f~n-Q,ic, ~g'<"'~~~0)3'.t~fil!ififfi:
O);JiEtlt:li!l::k:L,n ,<a s-f:6<, T.)7'0)7'-T-< 7..H;J:~t±J~,=,~ct~~~,::sc ,zf?i!wL,t.:~t!Hi&?-Q;:t,::~-Qtf~{O)llJ'f-,::t
-::i
tt~~~
;:_t,;1:1::I
7 Ji,~-O)c';:,:: 13-$3-t.f{.iL
Ji'L,n '-Q;/J'fte!:/i9-Q=t~O)f.:o~i1) t!t-l'i-1~1::t!t-l'Wil~~, : ll:IL·nH:.lTf~lll1..
o Hans-Peter Martin& Harald Schumann , Global Trap: Globalizationand theAssault on Prosperity and Democracy (London and New
York : Zedd Books , Ltd. , 1997)
2) El2~~1~1:::/J=r,
Poshyananda,

J.:,,·1,,,:ll:IL..T,H...lTfw!!l10 Apinan

1" Eat Me ," XXIV Bienal de Sao Paulo (SaoPaulo : Fundacao Bienal de Sao Paulo, 1998), pp.164-178.
3) 1"'/ J70)7'1r>T1T

1',: ll:l9{>~lH~,;J:l-'...lTf~!!l1
0 Fran9ois

Gedement , The New Asian Renaissance: From Colonialism

to the Post-Cold War (London and New York: Routledge,1997), pp. 3-5 , Richard Maidment and Colin Mackerras(eds.),

Culture and Society in the Asia-Pacifc (London and New
York: Routeledge , 1998), pp.1-5.
4) iE~tL

7°'J2-7'-1".i•T-1-, 7:t-777-i-sJ:tfx1tO):lvJt,:ll:I

9 {>8c:f; ,;1:l-:.lT f

Agency ofCulture: Tourism , Museums andHeritage, pp.17-78.

a 17':>7',tVt-::>J_ :I:~f~&l.)-Q;:_C~~-Q~07o ~if,~O)~-O)~-~-~~

Destination

m'!a George Marcus and Fred Myers(eds.) , The Traffic in Culture:Refiguring Art and Anthropology

82

Asia,

1:..,9-i ·:;Hf0)7V'J 7 0)~ffi :2ot!t*c*O):J:fu~tt~~x-r
7~"'1J1il\f~H~*

NiranjanRajahnQ~1:, xftO) r:iUJJ 1i r?t:t1lltiJn'<:>?tOOO)xft
riM~J

it!!iiO)IIUH:i!U.T

1:s1tQ~n~~-"'b~i~~nn ,Q.::c1i, m~~nt.i:-1tn
10
11,l!JpgO)~j;fljO)~tll,l:~L,
Tli, tli-\""0017'10)~1il\f*-\!~ lffJ<:>fJc
B O)iJtWO)l~;ifl:sc \ l Ii ' r:t1lltis{JJ
e's Q.::Ui ,17)J,,.l:J:-:,
T r~~J ~-tt<:,ti,QO)c'lifJc1Cc17.::c1:~ -:5(01
roo*s{JJc'if.JQCl,
70.,~Tti.fix~;h
l
WJ
,
l,
1(-:J-/J>O)OO*
ft!J0)-$3-ff
1:1· 0-1 'i;t,fJ;f$1;ff
1f!Jlnf.::O)C~tl , ~ 1;!\H:silit.::fJQ-f-~~1:ili-:5<1:tlE-:iT, 7":)'770)00/:/O)lJHt~1il\f1,,·rn, li1:JO)if.lQOO~B%~1;!\i*-\!~0);1e'.lEt.f,~-\""0017'1n"-fn<:>-JJ"~-r
Q?t /:/0)±1!lti~~!!cl,n 'QC:l,,7.::c1i~'.lE

1J:tl:M~W~JiZla:l, n 1Qo xfU:~L, l J:!JT(";h17)1/Tc'151Jc10 1:t-/J'-/J'P<:>T, :::i;.....1:::.:i-:$1H¥fi'c1" Q::J2..:i=f.::1'.,,,77;;._
t--'7'7-r-r-~:ff-:J~;l:~;1:tJ~j;j\jO)q:,,C,,:t1!Jc','r-:,,=1;.....-JJ"RPa~1:;._/:/H~tf-:JltQ 'i'iJMEttl:J:-:iT , ±UI..tO)~e~-JJ";~l,:z;;<:>nQ-/J'O)J:7TsiJ, ~~ft , :x1t , n;ti' i&;i)Cl,1-:if.::'1m:i:ts%tO)l:t~~ -l,f.::~~O)~~O)]lij~tc'if.JQ-/J'O)J:71:JU
Qo 00*-fO)tO)-JJ~-, :®:~B{Jl:li~;!:

017":i'7":.t:3JL)$!1!J:liJ-\""r7"::i'7"
J r:~~7":)7" J t.P<:>O)~j;j\f1f-~1;:~,11)<:>n,T15f.::o ,::O)J:71JfJt5H{Jc''2]Ji!;

B~fJ/j~~li, 00.::'.cl:-$3-lt
Q.::cH~lft 1:sc 'l 1£:ii!iiii;g~·;1:1:~t.i:-iJ-g7 rrJ7--r-17Jt,fJ~~f;.t;J-7"17'>'i-1'i-1~n-rs 1J, 0017'10)~.::i.v1:$l-1fli1:J~¼-:it.::$*0)iR~
17, ili~~:t1!l::t~s{J~';i~1£ii!ii0)~~;/Ml;E~-ttQCc
l:::I7Jl,~-cc'tc 17-"'"f5BO)~~J,,.:±Jl,f.::0 f,:: c'licf.ic1-JJ>
P':>T, lt000)1,Bltt-JJ"::E5l~n, ?t:t1!lc't:h'h1:J1"Q~.:iv1:,1-t.::1:i1Hn1:~to.::c~5il,1<:>nTc 'Qo1 L'~i'f7-1:1&-\"",~IDix-:iT 1-t:tJ<:>n-Q.::c~'i'iJMEc'
if.J-Q0:t1llti-\""00*0)1~Wli, l/il,l, 1 ;(7'1/"0)7 ':):$1Jl,fJ
AI1m1:1i~Jltt-JJ";'ic 1 J:7l:JU-Q 0 7":J7"0)fJc*f.::-Sli,;t;.....-=;,1;.....N~lfnt.::1;.....51-=;,7-'j-1j·tJ:'ZJiti::J:-Q, :t ·:;t--'7-'71t~nt.::? 11,-r;<7'17"0)i/iL,c ,~j;jlj~~~~-ttn

Z.O)J:71J~lffl0)7-t:,I:, 7":)7" At.::-ts-JJ"lrOO0)1~@.1:s
1J;;..•'1.,.-JJ~J~nf.::
1HU~L,-g7' 13ffs{J:t 1JI;.....51
l, 1-Z-E:c
o 7"

,QO)

1', 21 t!!:*cO)f.::,ll)O)~l:?·O-1,;1,tJijj;ctJiH,~-QtO)H~.fixT-Q.::c:1:, r..
i~c 1 1J<ffel~l,-:J-:JS-Q
0:/!"O)~j;fljl:sltQ,::O)iJil,l,1:;j"IJI;.....511J;;._··1.,.1i,J,j]li)O)~
1J;;..··1.,.J:fH1~ic'SQ
a'Jlil::t~~1;:J:Q:;j"IJI;.....51
o Cl,170)

ff~~Z1'/51'7~T17

11,;f-;;..t--'1:51>!.t~~O)-glffU:J:-:i
T r-$3-ffi~..tJO)ti@O)·t.i.~~

tL, , I'J-t--::t~-JJ"~ffil:ML, Tij5c-\"":;k:~O)iffill:H~lllJ;f ~tf~~nt.::-/J'<:>c'if.lQo .::O)ti@li-5H/r1"QU~~B{JI:

L,t.::.::c-JJ",
ilif-tO)oo~e%~1;!\iO)!f~~a{Jt~m,Ts-:it.::c-r

11,2ott~tn~O) rttwt-t';i~J O)ti@n'<:>~1;1:c~t.::-:iT
1,lfJl,1Cl)c'if.JQ
0 ;let.::, ,::O)J:71::t1Jl:1,,1-JJ"~R'.lE~n
LC1Qij];ti.If , ;f-';;..t--'1:51>:XftO)~tlttt'l'UIHtP~f-\:;O)-'j-7.10:;;~, i&1ias{Jtl!:~J1:J~¼-:J~1;J\i-JJ"ttHt~nn 1Q.::c1ia,1J<:>n'l'M o Z.O).::cli, rl/il,c 1i!tW;f$l;ff
J 1:sc ,zfiili~l:15'Q

tct

rtt::t::t~J O)vt--1) ·:;'7~5:~L, Tc 1Qo ~~7":J7" !'i:,,711)I:...,j--L,,,/J • ~7-{I= 7"Jv-\""1/;l!RiJ7":J7"~1il\ft---~=O)=~-O)~*f~-T-Q

0~*'~~0)~Cl)~C:, ~ffili7'v ·51;1,tJ~JHi1:t~1f:±l~n-Q.::e1:tJ-QO)c',,::0);<7'17"0)1 ;.....517771j·tJ si J1Jli , ~1;!\iO)liwHi~~1"-Q-/J'O)J:7c'if.l-Q
o l/iL,c'" Jv-r;<7'17"~1;J\i0):®:$t:Yi/iii:
Sc 1Tli, 1 :...,51-=;,7-'j-1j·tJ~JHiO);t!::11Ltt.1:Js{]t.i:-ti~tf.li

J't#II:::'

I'.,,,j--[..,,O)
r:;1;::151J1m~~J
1i, ?tlffl1tooO)xftimTO)t:h'h~i:±l~n-Qo U.::, fJc*li1"c'l:/!l~clfHil:1i!J~ , :®:iJiO)-'jf;~1:J:-:i T~~<:>n n 'Q o 7":/7"0)00/:/O)~\;!\i-JJ":,,;.....;6
7.IO:J-~tl/!:Rl., Tc 1-Qo !J!;h-:J-:Jif.JQ-{'.,,,517'771jtJJfi;f-Jv-\""B ;t;, ;t-;;..t-,-=;,1J7"SQc 1li~001:~,ll)<:>n~~~83