受験番号：20IPC003============================================================================

問1
1. A piezoelectric ceramic comprising lead zirconate titanate as a main component, wherein
the piezoelectric ceramic comprises crystal grains containing a complex oxide represented by (PbaxBx)(TiyZr1-y)O3 as a main component and grain boundaries which are present between the crystal
grains and in which Zn is unevenly distributed,
an element represented by B is at least one element selected from alkali metals consisting of Na, K,and Li, anda, x, and y satisfy 0.95<=a<=1.02, 0<=x<=0.2, and 0.2<=y<=0.9, respectively.
2. The piezoelectric ceramic of Claim 1, wherein a Pb(ZnbM1c)O3-based complex oxide is dissolved as afirst accessory component in the crystal grains.
3. A piezoelectric device comprising:piezoelectric layers comprising the piezoelectric ceramic of Claim 1 or 2; andinternal electrode layers comprising Ag and Pd, wherein
the piezoelectric layers and the internal electrode layers are stacked alternately.

問2[0002]

Oil cosmetics have high emollience and durable decorative effects. In particular, solid or semisolid
oil make-up cosmetics are popular in terms of portability or each of use. However, an oil cosmetic
contains an oil solution as a main component. For this reason, the user tends to feel stickiness withrespect to the finished oil cosmetic. Further, for a solid or semisolid oil cosmetic formed by solidifying
an oil solution using a solid oil, the user tends to pick it up poorly or feel heaviness when applying andexpanding it.
Various kinds of oil cosmetics have been considered to solve these problems. Examples of suchcosmetics include an oil cosmetic which contains a hollow resin powder having a particular particle
diameter and a particular specific gravity and which is non-sticky and has high expandability (PatentLiterature 1) and a solid cosmetic in which a porous powder and oil content are mixed in particularamounts and which is non-sticky and provides a good moist feeling (Patent Literature 2).

問3
A polyamide reverse osmosis membrane of the present invention is formed by graft-polymerizing a
2-methacryloyloxyethyl phospholylcholine (hereafter may be referred to as MPC) polymer on apolyamide thin-film and binding the polymer to the film. The MPC polymer bound to the polyamide
thin-film is formed by graft-polymerizing MPC using reaction starting points present in the polyamide
thin-film as starting points.
As used herein, “the reaction starting points present in the polyamide thin-film” refer to reaction
active sites (reaction active groups) which, when forming a polyamide thin-film serving as theintermediate material of the polyamide reverse osmosis membrane of the present invention, areformed in that thin film. Examples of such reaction active sites include alkyl halide groups and acidhalide groups. The polymerization of the MPC proceeds using multiple such reaction active groups as
starting points, and a graft copolymer in which the multiple MPC polymers are bound to the polyamide
thin-film is formed. In this way, the polyamide reverse osmosis membrane of the present invention isobtained.

問4
By adding dimethyl ether (DME) as a propellant to various aqueous aerosol coating undilutedsolutions shown in Table 1, aqueous aerosol coating compositions of Examples 1 to 6 and comparative
examples 1 and 2 were obtained. As shown in Table 1, the aqueous aerosol paint compositions ofExamples 1 to 6 demonstrated good results with respect to both aerosolization and coating
performance. Specifically, if a dispersion resin is used as a binder, it is possible to avoid or reduce (3mass% or less in the aqueous aerosol coating undiluted solution) the use of a water-soluble organic
solvent and thus to provide a substantially completely aqueous aerosol coating undiluted solution.
For the aqueous aerosol paint compositions of comparative examples 1 and 2, on the other hand,an appropriate pH range was not ensured in any of the aqueous aerosol coating undiluted solutions
and thus these compositions had problems with respect to aerosolization and coating properties. It
was also found that the aqueous aerosol coating undiluted solutions having a dispersion resin contentof 46 mass% or more or 13 mass% or less decreased in coating properties.