受験番号：32IPE015

Claim 1.
A cardiothoracic ratio calculation device that calculates the cardiothoracic ratio basedon a chest X-ray image, comprising:a measurement position estimation unit configured to estimate a right end positionof a lung, a left end position of the lung, a right end position of a heart, and a left end
position of the heart in the chest X-ray image; anda cardiothoracic ratio calculation unit configured to calculate a cardiothoracic ratio
based on the right end position of the lung, the left end position of the lung, right end
position of the heart, and the left end position of the heart estimated, wherein
the measurement position estimation unit divides the chest X-ray image into aplurality of horizontal regions, detects, based on a pixel value, a candidate of a right endof the lung and a candidate of a left end of the lung, and detects, based on a differential
value of the pixel value in a horizontal direction, a candidate of a right end of the heart
and a candidate of a left end of the heart, for each of the horizontal regions, andthe measurement position estimation unit extracts a specific horizontal region
based on a distance between a lung midpoint defined by the candidate of the right end of
the lung and the candidate of the left end of the lung and a heart midpoint defined by
the candidate of the right end of the heart and the candidate of the left end of the heart,or a ratio of the distance to a lung width defined by the candidate of the right end of thelung and the candidate of the left end of the lung, and estimates the candidate of theright end of the lung and the candidate of the left end of the lung, the candidate of theright end of the heart, and the candidate of the left end of the heart in the specifichorizontal region, as the right end position of the lung, the left end position of the lung,the right end position of the heart, and the left end position of the heart.
Claim.2
The cardiothoracic ratio calculation device according to claim1, wherein
when the pixel value increases as the X-ray transmittance increases, themeasurement position estimation unit detects, as the candidate of the right end of thelung, a position where the pixel value is lowest in a region within a predetermined
range from a right end of the horizontal region, and detects, as the candidate of the left
end of the lung, a position where the pixel value is lowest in a region within apredetermined range from a left end of the horizontal region

Claim.3
The cardiothoracic ratio calculation device according to claim1 or 2, wherein
the measurement position estimation unit detects, as the candidate of the right endof the heart, a position where the differential value is largest in a negative direction
between the candidate of the right end of the lung and the candidate of the left end of
the lung in the horizontal region, and detects, as the candidate of the left end of theheart, a position where the differential value is largest in a positive direction between
the candidate of the right end of the lung and the candidate of the left end of the lung in
the horizontal region

問２
Conventionally, a technology called Blockchain is known.

This technology is amechanism to synchronize the same record between many nodes on the network, and iscalled Blockchain because, when a new record is added to an existing record, the blockthat is the recording unit is added one after another in chains while inheriting thecontents (hash) of the immediately preceding block. In general, the term Blockchain
may refer to a structure of a database in which blocks are chained together. However, it
may also be used in a broad sense including a mechanism operating as a P2P network, amechanism of transaction approval, or the like. Therefore, the definition of Blockchain
is not clear at the present moment. In the specification, in order to prevent confusion
between the two concepts, Blockchain is referred to as "Blockchain" when used in theformer narrow sense, and is referred to as "Blockchain technology" when used in thelatter broad sense. Blockchain technology has many advantages such as zero downtime,difficulty in tampering, and its low cost, so it is also beginning to attract attention as amethod of managing, as transactions, information about various assets, in addition tovirtual currencies including Bitcoins and its derivatives. For example, Non-PatentDocument 1 describes the use of Blockchain, which can play an important role inestablishing reliability, as proof of existence or proof of identity of various documents.
Blockchain technology mainly has a public node method and a private node method. The
public node method is a method in which anyone can participate as a node on thenetwork. On the other hand, the private node method is a method in which only those
who are authorized as nodes on the network can participate.

問３
When flashback occurs
In the burner 100, when flashback R enters from the burner element 15, the heat of
the flashback R causes the thermally expandable member 22 to thermally expand
toward the inner peripheral side, thereby forming a heat-expandable member 222 with
an opening 22H closed. As a result, the opening 22H of the heat-expandable member
222 (22) is closed. This suppresses arrival, to the flame detection sensor 23, of heat of
the flashback R and the ultraviolet L emitted by the flame F generated by the burnerelement 15. In this embodiment, the control unit (not shown) is configured to determinethat the burner 100 is operating normally when, for example, the flame detection sensor
23 detects ultraviolet L, and to determine that flashback or misfire has occurred when
the amount of ultraviolet L detected by the flame detection sensor 23 is equal to or lessthan the set threshold value (including zero). As a result, the control unit determinesthat misfire or flashback has occurred in the burner 100 when the burner 100 misfires
and does not emit ultraviolet L, and when the heat-expandable member 22 thermallyexpands, as shown in FIG. 3 (B), and thus ultraviolet L is not detected by the flame
detection sensor 23, or the amount of ultraviolet L detected is equal to or less than athreshold value.