受験番号：32IPE040

問１．
1. A cardiothoracic ratio calculation apparatus that calculates a cardiothoracic
ratio on the basis of a thorax x-ray image, the cardiothoracic ratio calculation apparatus
comprising:a measurement position estimating unit that estimates a lung right end position,a lung left end position, a heart right end position, and a heart left end position in thethorax x-ray image; anda cardiothoracic ratio calculating unit that calculates the cardiothoracic ratio on
the basis of the lung right end position, the lung left end position, the heart right end
position, and the heart left end position that are estimated,
wherein the measurement position estimating unit divides the thorax x-ray
image into a plurality of horizontal-direction regions and, for each of the horizontaldirection regions, detects a candidate lung right end and a candidate lung left end on thebasis of pixel values and also detects a candidate heart right end and a candidate heart
left end on the basis of horizontal-direction derivative values of pixel values, andwherein, on the basis of a distance between a lung intermediate point and aheart intermediate point, the lung intermediate point being defined by the candidate
lung right end and the candidate lung left end, the heart intermediate point being
defined by the candidate heart right end and the candidate heart left end, or on the basisof a ratio of the distance to a lung width defined by the candidate lung right end and thecandidate lung left end, the measurement position estimating unit further extracts a
specific horizontal-direction region to estimate, as the lung right end position, the lungleft end position, the heart right end position, and the heart left end position, thecandidate lung right end, the candidate lung left end, the candidate heart right end, andthe candidate heart left end in the extracted horizontal-direction region.
2. The cardiothoracic ratio calculation apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, if a pixel value is set to a larger value as an x-ray transmittance ishigher, the measurement position estimating unit detects, as the candidate lung rightend, a position at which the pixel value is the smallest in a region within a predeterminedrange from a right end of the horizontal-direction region, and detects, as the candidate
lung left end, a position at which the pixel value is the smallest in a region within apredetermined range from a left end of the horizontal-direction region.

3. The cardiothoracic ratio calculation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2,
wherein the measurement position estimating unit detects, as the candidate
heart right end, a position at which the derivative value is the largest in a negative
direction between the candidate lung right end and the candidate lung left end in thehorizontal-direction region, and detects, as the candidate heart left end, a position atwhich the derivative value is the largest in a positive direction between the candidate
lung right end and the candidate lung left end in the horizontal-direction region.
問２．
A technology called blockchain has been conventionally known.

This

technology is a mechanism for synchronizing the same record among a large number ofnodes on a network. In a case where a new record is added to existing records, a blockserving as a record unit is added one after another in the form of a chain while taking
over the content (hash) of the previous block.

That is why this technology is calledblockchain. Currently, the definition of the term “blockchain” is unclear because it may
typically indicate the structure of a database in which blocks are linked in the form of achain and may also be used in a broad sense including a mechanism working as a P2P
network, a mechanism of approving transactions, and so on. Thus, in order to prevent
confusion between the above two meanings, in this specification, the term “blockchain”is used to indicate the former meaning of a narrow sense, and the term “blockchaintechnology” is used to indicate the latter meaning of a broad sense.
Since the blockchain technology has many advantages such as zero downtime,difficulty of falsification, and low cost, the blockchain technology is beginning to attract
attention also as a method of managing, as transactions, information regarding various
kinds of property, not only cryptocurrency including bitcoin and its derivatives. For
example, Non-Patent Document 1 describes the use of the blockchain, which may play
an important role for establishing reliability, for existence proof or identify proof ofvarious documents.
For the blockchain technology, mainly, a public node scheme and a private node
scheme are present.

The public node scheme is a scheme in which any person canparticipate as a node on a network. On the other hand, the private node scheme is ascheme in which only a person who is permitted as a node on a network can participate.

問３．
<In case of backfire>If backfire R enters the burner 100 from the burner element 15, as illustrated
in Fig. 3B, the heat of the backfire R makes the thermally expandable member 22
thermally expand toward the inner circumference, and thus, a thermally expandable
member 222 that obstructs the opening 22H is formed.
As a result, obstruction of the opening 22H of the thermally expandable member
222 (22) suppresses the reach of the heat of the back fire R and the ultraviolet light Lemitted from the flame F generated in the burner element 15 to the flame detection
sensor 23.
In this embodiment, for example, a control unit (not illustrated) is configured todetermine that the burner 100 is normally performing burning while the flame detection
sensor 23 is detecting the ultraviolet light L, and to determine that backfire is generated
or the flame is extinguished if the light amount of the ultraviolet light L detected by theflame detection sensor 23 is less than or equal to a set threshold (including zero).
As a result, if the ultraviolet light L is not emitted as a result of flame extinctionin the burner 100, and if the flame detection sensor 23 does not detect the ultraviolet
light L or if the detected light amount of the ultraviolet light L is less than or equal to
the threshold as a result of thermal expansion of the thermally expandable member 22,
as illustrated in Fig. 3B, it is determined that the flame is extinguished or backfire isgenerated in the burner 100.