390

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

broad, dullish, without hair-bands; hind margins oftergites 1 to 4 pallid.
Nyasaland: Mlanje Plateau, 6500 ft., Dec. 18, 1913
(S. A. Neave). Although the abdominal bands are rather
obscure, this must be associated with the species having
tegumentary bands. The following key separates some
E. African species :-Mesonotum shining on disc ..................
5 i e s o n o t u m e n t i r e l y (lull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. A b d o m e nwith broad, sharply defined, paleyellowish bands ..........................
A[)domen with narrow or linear bands ........
2. L a r g e r ; b a n d s w h i t e a n d s h a r p l y d e f i n e d . . . . .
Smaller ; bands paler yellowish, not conspicuous,a~dersoni Ckll.
l.
kavirondic~s C k l h2.
aberdaricu~ C k l l .
nea,vei Ckll.

X X X V I [ I . - - N e w or little-known Tipulidm (Diptera).-LXXIV. Neotropical Species. By CH~_RLESP. ALEXA~D~R, Ph.D., F.R.E.S., Massachusetts State College,
Amherst, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
Iz~ this paper I am considering various species from
Ecuador, the materials having been collected by m yfriends, Messrs. F. Martin Brown, David Laddey andWilliam Clarke-MacIntyre, to all of whom I extend m ydeepest thanks. Through t h e courtesy of these entomologists I am privileged to retain the types of the new
species in my collection.

Brachypremna abitagute, sp. n.
Size very large (wing, male, 30 mm. or more); mesonotum chiefly darkened, the pr~escutum with four stripesthat are separated by paler interspaces ; palpi with basal
segment dark brown, the succeeding segments paler, theterminal one uniformly brownish black; antennm withscape and pedicel yellow ; legs with femora light brownon more than proximal half, thence deepening to black,the tips broadly whitened; tibise with base whitened,followed by a black ring occupying about one-third thelength of the segment on all legs; remainder of tibiae
and the tarsi yellowish white ; wings long and relatively
narrow, fulvous-brown, restrictedly patterned with darker ;~tew or little-known Tipuli(l~e.

391

abdominal tergites chiefly dark brown, the lateral borders
and basal rings paler ; sternal dashes narrow, attenuatedbehind and not reaching the posterior border; malehypopygium with the tergite broadly notched medially;
dististyle gradually narrowed to the obtuse tip.
M a l e . - - L e n g t h about 19-20 mm. ; wing 30-30.5 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head unusually tumid orbulbous, yellow above, including the very long nasus thatis tipped with golden setee ; ventral half of prolongation
dark brown; palpi with the first segment dark brown,
segments two and three paler brown with narrow yellow
incisures; terminal segment uniformly brownish black.
Antennm with scape and pedicel brownish yellow, cleareron the inner faces; flagellum blackened. Head chiefly
brown, the front, narrow posterior orbits and a very
narrow median vitta more yellowed.
Pronotum with four brown areas that are separated
by narrow yellow pollinose lines. Mesonotal pr0eseutum
chiefly occupied by four brown stripes, the intermediatepair a trifle more reddened than the laterals; lateralpr~escutal border behind the pseudosutural fovea moreyellowed; scutum, including its median area, darkbrown ; scutellum obscure brownish yellow with a central
brown spot, parascutella uniformly darkened; mediotergite patterned with three darker brown stripes, thebroad central one narrowed posteriorly and here subtended by two more greyish yellow spots; plourotergite
with the anapleurotergite chiefly brown, the cephalicfourth and most of the katapleurotergite whitish
pruinose. Pleura greyish white, patterned with brown,
more extensively so on propleura and mesepisternum;
sternopleurite with an 8-shaped brown marking ; mesepimeron and metapleura almost uniformly whitened, theventral pteropleurite slightly darkened. Halteres elongate, infuscated, base of stem narrowly yellowish white.
Legs with cox~e pale, the fore and hind pairs with brownspots on outer face, the mid-cox0e ringed apieally withdarker brown and with its anterior aspect paler brown ;trochanters testaceous yellow; femora light brown on
more than the proximal half, deepening to black before
the abruptly whitened tips, the latter including slightly
more than the distal tenth of segment; tibiae withbase abruptly whitened, in amount subequal to the
28*

392

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

femoral tips, followed by a black ring; legs detachedbut mostly preserved, and on none of them does theblack ring extend beyond mid-length of segment,
approximately equal on all legs and includes nearly
one-third the total length of tibia ; remainder of tibim
and all tarsi yellowish white; claws with the tooth
obtuse. Wings long and narrow, more so than inbasilica, almost uniformly fulvous brown, the prearcularand costal fields a trifle darker; stigma deeper brownwith a still darker border ; Cu and the veins at the wingtip bordered by brown, the latter more intensely so;small yellow spots at ends of cells R 5 and M 1 ; no palespots before or beyond stigma ; veins brown. Venation :Rs oblique at origin; r-m short but present; m-cu
immediately beyond the fork of M.
Abdominal tergites chiefly dark brown, paler on lateralborders and on the basal rings of the outer segments;
sternites yellow, with clearly defined brownish black
median dashes, these narrow, particularly on outer
segments, narrowed to long points behind and not reachingeither margin ; subterminal segment dark brown ; hypopygium chiefly yellow, the proximal portions of basistyles
and a median area on tergite slightly darkened. Male hypopygium with the posterior border of tergite with a verybroad and shallow U-shaped notch, the lateral lobes
thus formed narrowly obtuse, with abundant setulm;
major set~e pale and relatively sparse and inconspicuous,
restricted to the lateral fourth of tergite. Dististyle withthe spine darkened, stout, narrowly obtuse at tip ; stylegradually narrowed outwardly, its apex obtuse, before
tip with a few inconspicuous setse.
Hab. Ecuador (Napo-Pastaza).
Holotype, c~, Abitagua, altitude 1800 metres, January
19, 1940 (Laddey). Paratopotypes, 3 c~c~.
This is the largest species of the genus so far discovered.
Among the described species in Tropical America it isperhaps most similar to Brachypremna basilica Alexander,of Amazonian Peru, yet is entirely distinct. It shouldbe emphasized that the relatively broad black tibial rings
are of approximately equal width on all legs, not as inbasilica but somewhat as in the otherwise entirely
different B. pictipes Osten Sacken, of south-eastern
Brazil.

new or little-known Tipulid~e.

393

Brachypremna appendigera, sp. n.
Size above medium (wing, male, 22.5 m m . ) ; mesonotum chiefly dark brown, the pr~escutum with reddishbrown interspaces; tip of terminal segment of palpus
orange; antennal flagellum uniformly black; legs withgenua broadly pale; tibiae with black subbasal rings,
unequal on the various legs, on the posterior pair the paletips about twice the black ring; wings with the dark
and yellow pattern restricted; intermediate abdominal
sternites conspicuously patterned with three black areas,
the central one widened behind and reaching the posteriorborder ; male hypopygium with the apex of dististyle
expanded into an obtuse blade that bears a dark spinous
flange or appendage on its face.
Male.--Length about 16 ram. ; wing 22.5 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head yellow above, including
the clear yellow nasus which is tipped with long golden
set~e ; ventral half of prolongation dark brown ; palpus
with basal segment restrictedly darkened at proximal end,t h e Outer half or more yellow ; segments two and threechiefly yellow, weakly darkened on outer face ; terminal
segment black, the extreme tip abruptly orange. Antennm
with scape very weakly infuscated, constricted beneath;pedicel light yellow; flagellum uniformly black. Headwith the anterior vertex brownish grey, the posteriorvertex dark brown on either side of an elongate yellow
pollinose median area.
Pronotum concealed in the unique type. Mesonotal
pr~escutum with the restricted ground deep reddish
brown, chiefly obliterated by dark brown stripes, lateralborders yellowish grey ; remainder of mesonotum .almost
uniformly dark brown, the extreme lateral border ofscutellum with a tiny yellow line; mediotergite not at
all striped, paler and grey pruinose on the precipitous
posterior portion ; pleurotergite chiefly testaceous brown,
the ventral portion of katapleurotergite with a blackened
spot. Pleura obscure yellow, heavily patterned withdark brown on the propleura and mesepisternum ; pteropleurite and meron more restrictedly marked with darker.
Halteres with stem brownish yellow, narrowly clearer
yellow at base, knob dark brown. Legs with the cox~eyellow, variegated with dark brown on outer faces; tro-

394l)r. C. P. Alexander onchanters clear yellow ; femora brown, deepening to black
before the relatively broad, light yelh>w tips ; tibial basesslightly less extensively light yellow, followed by a broad
black ring, the tips yellow', unequally so on the various
legs ; fore tibize with about the distal tenth pale, posterior
tibim with the outer three-fifths pale, this nearly twice as
extensive as the blackened ring; tarsi yellowish white.
Wings with the cephalic prearcular field and the costal
border darker brown than the generally infuscated ground ;stigma dark brown, its centre conspicuously pale; vein
Cu extensively bordered with brown in cell M ; veins
beyond cord bordered by brown, deepest at wing-tip;pale areas in cells Ra, R 5 and M 1 diffuse and relatively
inconspicuous, particularly the last; cell R 2 with thecostal border uniformly but weakly infuscated; veinsbrown. Venation: Rs relatively long, about twice thebasal section of MI+ 2, square at origin.
Abdomen with tergites almost uniformly infuscatedexcept for the more yellowed basal rings ; sternites conspicuously patterned with dark brown, between the secondand eighth segments, each with three clearly definedbrownish-black marks, the median one widened behindand reaching the posterior border, thus appearing as anelongate triangle ; areas of the lateral margins long-oval
in outline, not reaching either the cephalic or posteriorborders; second sternite more abundantly patterned;
eighth segment, excepting the yellow caudal border of thesternite and the basal portion of the tergite, dark brown ;hypopygium chiefly yellow, the proximal third of basistyleinfuscated. Male hypopygium with the caudal margin of
tergite with a broad U-shaped emargination, the narrower
lateral lobes slightly infuscated, provided with abundantsetulm to their very tips. Dististyle with the outer spine
relatively small and weak, dark-coloured, digitiform;
lower lobe or style similarly dark-coloured ; outer portionof style constricted before the obtuse apex, on face ofouter blade bearing a dark flattened spinous flange that is
gradually narrowed to the subacute tip.
Hab. Ecuador (Napo-Pastaza).
Holotype, 3, Rio J a t u n Yacu, altitude 700 metres,
April 1937 (Macintyre).
The present fly is most similar to Brachypremna basilica
Alexander, differing especially in the narrower wings,

new or little-known Tipulid:e.

395.

coloration of the antennm, pattern of the abdominal
sternites, and the structure of the male hypopygium,
particularly the very peculiar dististyle.
Limonia (Dicranomyia) chimborazicola, sp. n.
Size large (wing, male, over 10 mm.); general coloration of mesonotum opaque brown, more or less pruinose ;thoracic pleura with a faintly indicated darkened dorsal
stripe ; halteres elongate, blackened ; legs yellow ; wings
narrow, pale yellow, restrictedly patterned with pale
brown, including a conspicuous seam in cell M adjoining
vein Cu; m - c u before fork of M ; male hypopygiumwith the rostral prolongation short and stout, the spines
unequal, the longer one placed at the summit of the
produced outer margin, the second spine beneath or evenslightly more distad.
Male.--Length about 9 mm. ; wing 10.5× 2.1 ram.
Female.--Length about 10 mm. ; wing 12-3 × 2-8 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black, the former relatively long andmore or less pendant, about one-third to one-half the remainder of head. Antennae with scape yellow, pedicel
pale brown, flagellum black; flagellar segments oval toslightly elongate-oval, the verticils somewhat shorter than
the segments ; in male, the outer two segments more orless fused together. Head grey, slightly more infuscatedon either side of the posterior vertex; anterior vertex(male) a little less than twice the diameter of the scape.
Pronotum dark brown above, obscure brownish yellow
on sides. Mesonotum opaque, the prmscutum almost
covered by three brown stripes, the surface heavily
pruinose, especially on the sides; humeral region moreyellowed; posterior sclerites of notum dark brown,
pruinose ; scutellum obscure reddish on posterior border,
more or less divided b y a pale central line. Pleura reddish
brown, with a slightly darker brown dorsal stripe. Halteres long and slender, blackened, the base of stem
narrowly yellow. Legs with cox~e and trochanters yellowish testaceous, the fore coxze somewhat darkened basally ;remainder of legs yellow, the outer three tarsal segments
dark brown. Wings narrow, especially in the male, as
shown b y the measurements ; ground-colour pale yellow,
restrictedly patterned with pale brown, as f o l l o w s : Origin of Rs ; both ends of the otherwise yellow stigma. "396

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

cord and outer end of cell 1st M 2 ; a broad conspicuous
seam along vein Cu, mostly in cell M ; axillary portionof cell 2nd A ; veinsbrownish yellow, clearer yellow inthe prearcular and costal fields, slightly more infuscatedin the darkened portions. Venation: Sc 1 ending about
opposite origin of Rs, Sc 2 a distance from its tip fromone-third to one-half R s ; basal section of R4+ 5 nearly
three-fourths R s and about in oblique alignment with it ;cell 1st M 2 elongate, exceeding any of the veins beyond
i t ; m - c u from one-third to one-fourth its own length
before the fork of M.
Abdominal tergites of male weakly bicoloured, darkbrown, the basal ring broadly yellowed, the apex of eachsegment more narrowly so; sternites less distinctly patterned, pale brown, the incisures yellow; hypopygiumwith the tergite and basistyle infuscated, the ventral
dististyle pale; in female, abdominal tergites more uniformly (lark brown, sternites yellowish brown. Male
hypopygium with the ninth tergite relatively narrow, thesides at base nearly parallel ; caudal margin with a broad
V-shaped notch, the lobes obtusely rounded. Basistylewith the ventromesal lobe obtusely rounded. Dorsal
dististyle a strongly curved sickle, the tip obtuse. Ventral
dististyle large and fleshy, its area about two and onehalf times that of the 'basistyle; rostral prolongation
short and stout, about equal in length to the longest spine,
the latter placed on the summit of the produced outermargin of the prolongation; inner spine placed beneathor even slightly more distad, its length about, two-thirds
to three-fourths that of the major spine ; apex of prolongation beyond the spines more or less produced, with aconspicuous fringe of set~e. Gonapophysis with mesalapical lobe small and slender, pale, curved to the acutetip. ~n anax, the notch of the tergite is deeper, the lobes
longer and more conspicuous ; rostral prolongation obtusely rounded at tip, the two spines elongate, the longest
exceeding the prolongation in length, the slightly shorter
second spine placed more basad than the first one.
Hab. Ecuador (Chimborazo).
Holotype, ~, Southern slopes of Mount Chimborazo,
altitude 4000 metres, May 12, 1939 (Brown). AUotopotype, ~, May 9, 1939.
Although it is closely allied to the Peruvian L i m o n i a(Dicranomyia) anax Alexander, I must consider the present

new or little-lcnown Tipulid~e.

;>97

liy to be distinct, differing.particularly in the details of
structure of the male hypopygium, as discussed above.
Limonia (Dicranomyia) peralta, sp. n.
General coloration grey, the prmscutum with threebrown stripes, the lateral pair narrow and less distinct;
antennm black throughout; halteres elongate; legs
light brown, the outer segments passing into black;wings relatively long and narrow, whitish subhyaline,
stigma lacking ; male hypopygium with the ventromesal
lobe of basistyle simple ; apex of dorsal dististyle narrowly
obtuse; rostral prolongation of ventral dististyle small,short-cylindrical, the two spines placed at its apex.
M a l e . - - L e n g t h about 7-5-8 mm. ; wing 8.5-9 ram.
F e m a l e . - - L e n g t h about 7.5-8-5 mm. ; wing 9-9.5 ram.
Rostrum pendant, blackened, grey pruinose; palpi
black. Antennm black throughout; flagellar segments
oval. Head clear light grey; anterior vertex (male)
relatively narrow, -about one-half w~der than the diameterof scape.
Pronotum grey, more infuscated medially above.
Mesonotal pr~escutum grey, clearer grey on sides, the disk
with three brown stripes, the median one broad anddistinct in front, becoming obsolete before the suture,lateral stripes much less distinct; scutal lobes grey,
median region of scutum and the seutellum obscureyellow, sparsely pruinose ; postnotum light grey. Pleura
blackened, grey pruinose; dorsopleural membrane obscure yellow. Halteres elongate, stem brown, clear yellow
basally, the knob dark brown. Legs with the coxm
brownish yellow; trochanters obscure yellow; femora
and tib~e light brown, the outer tarsal segments passing
into black. Wings relatively long and narrow, whitish
subhyaline, a little dearer yellow at base; stigma
lacking or barely indicated ; veins brown, more yellowed
at wing base. Venation: Sc~ ending opposite or immediately before origin of R~', Sc 2 a short distance from its
tip, Sc~ alone nearly one-third Rs ; free tip of S % and R~
in alignment, the former short; cell 1st M e elongate,
subequal to vein MI+ 2 beyond it; m--cu before fork of
M, in cases up to one-third its length.
Abdomen brownish black, sparsely pruinose; hypopygium more or less brightened. Ovipositor with cerei
unusually slender, nearly straight, the tips acute. Male

39~

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

hypopygium with the caudal border of tergite with abroad V-shaped notch, the lateral lobes broadly obtuse,
their margins provided with long pale set~e. Basistyledarkened on outer face, the simple ventromesal lobe
yellow. Dorsal dististyle strongly curved at outer end,
the tip narrowly obtuse. Ventral dististyle large andfleshy, chiefly brownish yellow; rostal prolongation asmall short-cylindrical lobe with the two spines at orclose to the tip, directed outwardly. Gonapophysis withmesal-apical lobe small, curved laterad.
Hab. Ecuador (Bolivar-Chimborazo).
Holotype, c~, Cumbres de Tililac, Chimborazo, altitude4200 metres, April 21, 1939 (Brown); Alexander collection. Allotopotype, ~_. Paratopotypes, 6 ~ ;part inAmerican Museum of Natural History.
This fly is readily distinguished from the approximately
similar regional species by the structure of the malehypopygium, especially the rostral prolongation of theventral dististyle. In this character, the species somewhat resembles various forms that are allied to Limonia(Dicranomyia) humidicola (Osten Sacken), but from theelongate halteres, coloration and general appearance, itwould seem that this resemblance is superficial only.

Limonia (Dicranomia) dorsolobata, sp. n.
(~eneral coloration grey, the mesonotal pr~escutum withfour darker brown stripes; antennse blackened; wings
with a weak brownish tinge, stigma pale brown; Sc 1
ending opposite origin of Rs, Sc 2 far from its tip, Scl alone
a little shorter than Rs; basistyle of male hypopygiumwith a long conspicuous ventromesal lobe and a more
slender dorsomesal one ; ventral dististyle with two elongate fleshy lobes placed close to the base of the rostal
prolongation.
Male.--Length about 6-5-7 mm. ; wing 7.5-8 mm.
Rostrum dark brown, grey pruinose; palpi black~
Antennae with scape and pedicel brownish black, flageUum
black; flagellar segments oval; longest verticils a trifle
exceeding the segments; terminal segment about onethird longer than the penultimate. Head light grey;
anterior vertex relatively wide, nearly four times thediameter of the scape.

new or little-know~,~ Tipulid:t,.

39~

Pronotum grey, lined with brown, especially mediallybehind. Mesonotal pr~escutum grey laterally, the disk
more infuscated, with four darker brown stripes that are
more or less confluent; scutum chiefly d a r k ; scutellum
brown, heavily grey pruinose ; postnotum grey. Pleuragrey, the pteropleurite and lneral region with the underlying ground somewhat paler. Halteres relatively short,stem yellow, knob infuscated. Legs with the cox~e andtrochanters brownish yellow or obscure yellow ; remainderof legs brownish black, the tarsi passing into black. Wings
with a weak brownish tinge, the stigma pale brown, only
a little darker than the ground ; veins brown. Venation :Sc 1 ending opposite origin of Rs, Sc 2 far from its tip so
8c 1 alone is only a little shorter than Rs ; free tip of Sc~
short, in approximate transverse alignment with R 2 ; m - c ajust before the fork of M.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, the basal sternites alittle paler; hypopygium dark chestnut-brown.
Malehypopygium with the tergite transverse, its posteriorborder very gently emarginate, the lobes very low, with
abundant erect setse. Basistyle with a long curved ventromesal lobe close to its base, the lower portions with very
long set,e; a second more dorsal slender lobe on theextreme apical mesal angle, this provided with scatteredset~e. Dorsal dististyle strongly curved to the acute tip.
Ventral dististyle fleshy, its total area subequal to that of
the basistyle ; rostral prolongation slender on outer portion, with two long slender spines that are a little shorter
than the lobe and more or less interconnected with one
another by a narrow sclerotized base; two conspicuous
fleshy lobes on mesal face of style near base of prolongation, with a third low setiferous cushion still closer
to the proximal portion, this last with unusually longset~e. Gonapophyses with mesal-apical lobes short, slender curved to the acute tips.
Hab. Ecuador (Chimborazo. Tungurahua).
Holotype, ~, I~iobamba, Chimborazo, altitude 2700
metres, April 19, 1939 (Brown). Paratypes, 2 ~ , Baflos,
Tungurahua, altitude 1450 metres, April 23, 1939 (Macint:/,'~); l ~, E1 Salado, Bafios, altitude 1900 metres,
August 13, 1937 (Macintyre).
The present fly is readily distinguished by the peculiar
structure of the male hypopygium, especially the arma-

400

Dr. C. P. Alexander onture of the basistyle and ventral dististyle. The mostsimilar species are Limonia (Dicranomyia) bicomifera
Alexander and L. (D.) quadrituberculata Alexander, but
the resemblance is not particularly close.

Limonia (Rhipidia) sybarita, sp. n.
Allied to pallatangoe ; size relatively large (wing, male,
9.5 ram.); general coloration of mesonotum reddish
brown to dark brown, pruinose ; antenn0e (male) shortunipectinate, blackened, including the apical pedicels of
the segments ; longest branch a trifle less than the segment
itself ; knob of halteres dark brown ; femora black, only
their bases narrowly yellow ; wings with a strong blackish
tinge, very restrictedly patterned with darker clouds;
stigma paler than the ground, encircled by pale brown;
Sc I ending about opposite two-fifths the length of Rs; across-vein in cell M 1 ; m-cu more than one-half its length
before the fork of M ; male hypopygium with the rostralspines short, slightly separated at their bases; gonapophysis with tip of mesal-apical lobe narrowed into a
blackened spinous point.
Male.--Length about 7.5 mm. ; wing 9.5 mm. ; antenna
about 1.9 mm.
Rostrum black, relatively long, about two-thirds theremainder of head; pMpi black. Antennm with scapebrownish black; remainder of antenn0e black, including
the stems or pedicels of the flagellar segments ; flagellar
segments short-unipeetinate, the longest branches a little
shorter than the segment itself; terminal segment about
one-fourth longer than the penultimate.
Head grey,
posterior vertex with a small blackened triangle ; anteriorvertex relatively narrow, less than the diameter of scape.
Pronotum brown, blackened medially and on sides.
Mesonotal prmscutum unusually flattened, reddish brown,
more infuscated on cephalic portion, the surface, especiallyof the sides, grey pruinose ; seutum greyish testaceous,the lobes conspicuously patterned with brown ; seutellum
brown, postnotum still darker brown. Pleura and pleurotergite light grey, conspicuously striped longitudinallywith black, the more dorsal stripe broader, passing beneaththe root of the halteres to the abdomen ; ventral stripe
at near mid-height of the sternopleurite. Halteres with

new or little-known Tipulidm.

401

stem yellow, knob dark brown. Legs with the coxm
pale, the basal portions narrowly infuscated ; trochanters
yellow ; femora black, the bases narrowly yellow ; tibiae
light brown, the tips narrowly brownish black ; basitarsi
obscure :~ellow, the tips darker; outer tarsal segments
black. Wings narrow, with a strong blackish tinge, very
restrictedly patterned with darker clouds, especially atwing-base, along vein Cu in cell M, along cord and outerend of cell 1st M 2 ; stigma paler than the ground, encircled by pale brown; outer ends of cells at and near-wingtip slightly brightened; veins brown. Venation: Sc
relatively long, Sc I ending about opposite two-fifths thelength of Rs, Sc 2 close to its extreme tip ; R s about onehalf longer than R~+~ ; cell 1st M 2 rectangular, about aslong as vein M 3 beyond it ; a supernumerary or adventitious cross-vein in cell 2nd M s ; m - c u more than one-half
its length beyond the fork of M. In one wing of type,cell M 1 has a second adventitious vein.
Abdoninal tergites dark reddish brown, the caudal
borders more darkened;outer segments, including
hypopygium, more uniformly dark brown ; basal sternites
more brightened. Male hyopygium with the ninth tergite
narrowly transverse. Basistyle small, the ventromesal
lobe occupying all of its mesal face, with a second low
lobule on its face near base. DorsM dististyle relatively
slender, strongly curved, the tip suddenly acute. Ventral
dististyle fleshy, its area about twice that of the basistyle ;rostral prolongation moderately long, the two spines
short, separated from one another by a distance equal toabout one-third to one-fourth their own length. Gonapophysis with mesal-apical lobe darkened, at apex suddenly narrowed into a blackened spinous point.
Hab. Ecuador (Bolivar).
Holotype, ~, Hacienda Talahua, altitude 3100 metres,
May 7, 1939 (Brown).
The present fly is entirely distinct from the various
other regional species that have the male antennm unipectinate. The nearest relatives are Limonia (Rhipidia)
pallatang~ (Alexander) and L. (R.) thysbe Alexander, but
the similarity is not close. If the cross-vein in cell M 1 of
the wings proves to be a supernumerary rather than anadventitious element, it will provide a unique characterfor the separation of the species.

402l)r. C. P. Alexander on

Limonia (Rhipidia) sycophanta, sp. n.
Allied to pallatang~e ; general coloration of mesonotum
dark brown, more or less pruinose; thoracic pleura
striped longitudinally with black; antennae long-unipectinate in male, short-unipectinate to serrate in female ;flagellum bicolored, the bases and branches black, theapical stems abruptly pale, femora yellow, with a nearlyterminal black ring; wings whitish subhyaline, conspicuously patterned with brown subcostal areas andpaler brownish grey clouds over most of wing; palesubeostal interspaces more extensive than the darkenings ;S% ending nearly opposite mid-length of Rs ; m-cu somedistance before fork of M ; abdominal segments bicoloured,
reddish brown, their posterior borders darker brown;
male hypopygium with the dorsal dististyle unusuallys t o u t ; ventral dististyle smM1, rostral spines short;mesal-apical lobe of gonapophysis blackened, terminating
in a stout curved hook.
Male.--Length about 7.5 mm. ; wing 8.5 ram. ; antenna
about 1.7 mm.
Female.---Length about 8-8.5 ram. ; wing 9.5-10 mm.
gostrum black, relatively long, nearly equal in length
to remainder of head ; plapi black. Antenna black, theapical stems of tim flagellar segments conspicuously pale ;in male, segments relatively long-unipeetinate, the longest
branches about one-fourth longer than the segment;
simple terminal segment suddenly narrowed on the distal
third or less ; in female, the pectinations are shorter, thelongest approximately two-thirds the segment. Headbrownish grey, the central portion of the posterior vertex
still darker ; anterior vertex (male) very narrow, approximately one-half the diameter of scape ; i/in female broader,slightly exceeding the diameter of scape.
Pronotum yellowish grey pollinose over a brown ground.
Mesonotal prmscutum and scutal lobes chiefly dark brown,
the sides of the former more reddened and pruinose;
seutellum darkened at base, its apex broadly testaeeous
yellow; postnotum dark brown, grey pruinose. Pleuraand pleurotergite dark grey, with longitudinal black
stripes, the more conspicuous being dorsal in position,
extending from the propleura across the dorsal mesopleuraand ventral pleurotergite to the base of abdomen, passing
beneath the wing-root.
Halteres with stem obscurenew or little-],:hewn Tipulidm.

403

yellow, the knob more infuscated, in male with the apex
slightly yellowed. Legs with the eoxm dark brown, sparsely
pruinose ; trochanters obscure yellow; femora yellow, with ablack, nearly terminal ring; tibiae brownish yellow, thetips narrowly blackened; tarsi with proximal threesegments light brown, their tips darkened; outer tarsal
segments uniformly blackened. Wings whitish subhyaline, with a relatively heavy pale brownish-grey pattern,
together with four darker brown subcostal areas that do
not reach the costal border; pale subeostal interspaees
subequal to or more extensive than the darkenings;
stigma of male almost uniformly infuseated, the extreme
centre paler ; in female, stigma more extensively yellow,
ringed with darker; the most conspicuous dark clouds
occur at origin of Rs, cord, outer end of cell 1st M 2 andas a seam in cell M adjoining vein Cu ; darkened clouds
at ends of veins R~ and the anals, much less evident
on the other veins ; veins brownish yellow, darker in theclouded portions.
Venation: Sc relatively long, Scj
ending about opposite two-fifths to one-half the length ofthe long Rs, Sc 2 a short distance from its tip; m - c uvariable in position, from more than one-half to almost
its own length before the fork of M.
Abdomen indistinctly bicoloured, reddish brown, theposterior borders of the segments broadly dark brown.
Male hypopygium with the tergite transverse, strongly
narrowed outwardly, the margin very shallowly notched,
the lobes correspondingly small and low. Basistyle withventromesal lobe blackened, stout, simple. Dorsal dististyle unusually stout, gently curved, the tip a long spine.
Ventral dististyle fleshy, small, its total area not exceeding
one and one-half times that of the basistyle ; prolongation
slender, its tip obliquely truncated, provided with about
three set~e ; rostral spines placed on side of prolongation,short, less than the length of the prolongation beyond
the outer spine. Gonapophysis with mesal-apical lobe
elongate, blackened, terminating in a stout curved hook.
Apical lobes of oedeagus unusually small.
Hab. Ecuador (Bolivar).
Holotype, c~, Hacienda Talahua, altitude 3100 metres,
May 7, 1939 (Brown). Allotopotype, 9, with the type.
Paratopotypes, 2 ~ , altitude 2900-3100 metres, April 30May 5, 1939 (Brown).

404])r. C. P. Alexander on

The most similar regional species are Limonia (Rhipidia)
pallatangx Alexander, L. (R.) sybarita, sp. n., and L. (R.)
thysbe Alexander, particularly the first named. Theseflies differ in the coloration of the legs and wings, and in
the structure of the male hypopygium, especially the
tergite, dorsal dististyle and gonapopyses.
Limonia (Geran~myia) pallidopex, sp. n.
Size small (wing, male, 5.5 ram.); rostrum black except at base, exceeding two-thirds the length of body ;head, mesonotum and dorsal thoracic pleura black, theventral pleurites abruptly yellow; legs with posterior
basitarsi dilated; wings strongly infuscated, the costal
fourth abruptly whitened, the colour extending around thewing-tip into cell 2nd M 2 ; Sc short, Sc 1ending just beyond
origin of Rs ; abdominal tergites dark brown, the posteriorborders narrowly black ; outer segments and hypopygium
black; male hypopygium with the rostral spines arisingfrom small inconspicuous tubercles.
Male.--Length, excluding rostrum, ~bout 5.5 mm. ;wing 5.5 ram. ; rostrum about 3.9 mm.
Rostrum elongate, exceeding two-thirds tile length of
the body or wing, black, the base narrowly obscure yellow ;palpi black. Antennae black throughout. Head black.
Pronotum obscure yellow. Mesonotum and adjoining
portions of pleura, including the dorsopleural region,
anepisternum, dorsal pteropleurite and pleurotergite
black, contrasting abruptly with the light yellow ventral
pleurite ; central portion of prmscutum behind, with theadjoining portions of scutum, a little paler. Halteres
infuscated. Legs with all cox~e and trochanters paleyellow ; remainder of legs yellow, the femoral tips weakly
infuscated ; posterior basitarsi flattened, as in lacteitarsis
and luteimana. Wings conspicuously bicoloured, the costal
border broadly whitened, the posterior three-fourths
strongly infuscated ; the white costal portion variegatedby three darker brown areas, including a small spot above
arculus; an area over the supernumerary cross-vein incell Sc, not involving cell C ; a third common area over thefork of Sc and origin of Rs; fourth dark costal area
stigmal; the white costal markings reach Rs behind,include all but the posterior portion of cell S% and involve
the narrow wing apex in cells R.~ to 2nd M~, inclusive;new or little-known Tipulidee.

405

veins pale brown, darker in the clouded portions. Venation :Sc short, Sc 1 ending a little beyond origin of Rs, Sc 2 at
its tip ; Rs strongly angulated to nearly square at origin ;second section of vein Ra+ 5 arcuated on its basal third ;cell 1st M 2 a little shorter than vein MI+ ~ beyond i t ;m-cu close to fork of M.
Abdominal tergites weakly bicoloured, dark brown, theposterior borders narrowly blackened, the pleural membrane less evidently so; sternites more conspicuously
bicoloured, yellow, the posterior margins very narrowly
infuscated;outer segments and hypopygium more
uniformly darkened. Male hypopygium generally as inluteimana, differing in the details. Dorsal dististylelarger, extending to opposite three-fourths the width ofthe ventral dististyle, the latter with the spines distinctive ;larger or more basal spine from a low inconspicuous basal
tubercle, the spine straight ; outer or smaller spine about
two-thirds as long and more slender. In l~tteimana, bothspines much longer, the larger one from a conspicuous
elongate basal tubercle that is nearly one-half as long as
the outer spine.
Hab. Ecuador (Santiago-Zamora).
Holotype, ~, Zumbi, l~io Zamora, altitude 700 metres,
November 1, 1941 (Laddey).
The most similar known species are Liraor~ia (Geranomyia) lacteitarsis (Alexander) and L. (G.) luteimana
Alexander, both of which have the same dilated posterior
basitarsi and unusually elongate rostrum. These species
differ in the larger size and in the details of coloration of
the body, antennae, halteres and wings. The structureo f the male hypopygium of lacteitarsis is still not known tome ; that of luteimana has been discussed and compared
above.
Limonia (Geranamyia) opulens, sp. n.

Size large (wing, male, 9 mm.); general coloration ofmesonotum grey, the prmscutum with three intermediate
black stripes; knobs of halteres infuscated; fore eoxa~
darkened; wings yellow, with a conspicuous brownpattern, including a common area over the fork of Sc
and origin of Rs ; a yellow band in outer radial field before
the uniformly darkened wing-tip ; vein Sc 1 ending about
opposite one-fifth the length of Rs; cell 1st M~ a little
Ann. d¢ Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 11. Vol. xii.
29

406

Dr. C. P. Alexander onlonger than vein MI+ ~ beyond it ; male hypopygium withthe caudal margin of the ninth tergite having a deep
V-shaped notch; dorsal dististyle slender; rostral prolongation of ventral dististyle widened outwardly, its tip
obtuse; rostral spines from a conspicuous common
tubercle; mesal-apical lobe of gonapophysis long andslender, pale throughout.
Male.--Length, excluding rostrum, about 8 ram. : wing
9 mm. ; rostrum about 5-1 mm.
Rostrum elongate, exceeding one-half the length ofwing, black throughout; palpi black. Antennae black
throughout; flagellar segments oval; terminal segment
elongate, about one-third longer than the penultimate.
Head with a narrow central light grey line extending fromthe anterior vertex to the centre of the posterior vertex,
on the latter subtended on either side by a more blackened
area.
Pronotum grey, trivittate with brownish black, thecentral area wider. Mesonotal prmscutum grey, with three
narrow black stripes that are subequal in width to theground interspaces ; humeral region and lateral borders
grey ; the sublateral portions more reddened ; scutum grey,
clearer medially, the mesal portion of each lobe black,
this being a direct posterior prolongation of the sublateralprsescutal stripe ; scutellum dark basally, more reddened
along posterior border ; postnotum brown, grey pruinose.
Pleura darker grey above, more reddish brown, grey
pruinose, on the sternopleurite, particularly its dorsal
portion. Halteres with stem yellow, knob infuscated.
Legs with the cox~e and trochanters yellow, the fore coxse
weakly infuscated; remainder of legs broken. Wings
with the ground colour creamy yellow, the prearcular andcostal fields more saturated yellow; a heavy brownpattern, as follows :--at and above the arculus, the latter
chiefly in cell Sc; over the supernumerary cross-vein incell Sc, including cell C and almost crossing R ; a common
area over the fork of Sc and origin of Rs ; stigma ; wing
tip broadly and continuously darkened, variegated byyellow near the bases of the outer medial cells; a broad
yellow band before wing apex, extending from costa
obliquely into celll st M~; brown seams along cord and outerend of cell 1st M s ; large marginal spots at ends of analveins ; veins yellow, brown in the patterned fields. Vena-

new or little-known Tipulid~,.

407

tion: Sc 1 ending about opposite one-fifth the length o f
Rs, Sc 2 not far from its tip; cell 1st M s large, a little
longer than vein MI+ 2 beyond it ; m-ca shortly beyond
fork of M.
Abdomen dark reddish brown; hypopygium morebrownish yellow. Male hypopygium with the tergite
large, narrowed outwardly, its caudal margin with a deepand narrow V-shaped notch, the thickened lobes conspicuous, provided with coarse setae. Basistyle small, its
total area only about one-third that of the ventral dististyle ; ventromesal lobe large, simple ; body of style withrelatively few setze. Dorsal dististyle slender, curved,
the tip narrowed into a long black spine. Ventral
dististyle fleshy; rostral prlongation slightly widened
outwardly, the tip obtuse; spines arising from summitof a conspicuous common tubercle, nearly equal to one
another in length, the outer spine placed a little lower on
the tubercle. Gonapophysis with mesal-apical lobe pale,long and slender, gently sinuous, the apex narrowly obtuse.
Hab. Ecuador (Tungurahua).
Holotype, ~, Bafios, altitude 1900 metres, April 29,
1939 (Macintyre).
The present fly is most similar in its general appearance
to L i m o n i a (Geranomyia) destricta Alexander, which
differs especially in the structure of the male hypopygium,
particularly the transverse, shallowly emarginate tergite,
the distinctive rostral prolongation and spines, broader
dorsal dististyle, and the even narrower, more pointed
lobes of the gonapophyses.
L i m o n i a (Geranomyia) parilis, sp. n.
Size large (wing, male, 10 mm.); rostrum approximately one-half the length of wing; general colorationof mesonotum dark plumbeous grey, the prmseutum withtwo conspicuous black stripes, the usual median one
much fainter; humeral angles of pr~escutum abruptly
buffy yellow ; wings whitish subhyaline, heavily patternedwith brown, the cells at wing-tip variegated with pale ; Sc 1
opposite mid-length of R s ; cell 1st M s long, exceedingvein MI+ 2 beyond it; male hypopygium with the ninth
tergite narrowly transverse, its caudal margin very broadly
and shallowly notched, the lobes low; rostral spinesfrom a large common basal tubercle, but each from its own
29

408

Dr. C. P. Alexander onindividual elevation ; gonapophysis with mesal-apical lobe
darkened, the tip very obtuse.
Male.mLength, excluding rostrum, about 10 ram. ;wing 10 mm. ; rostrum about 5 mm.
Rostrum black, elongate, approximately one-half as
long as the wing or remainder of b o d y ; palpi black.
Antennae black throughout; flagellar segments oval,
with truncated ends; verticils of outer segments verysmall. Head with anterior vertex buffy grey, the colour
extending backward onto the posterior vertex for a shortdistance; the vertex immediately behind the antennalbases and most of tlm posterior portion of head uniformly
dark plumbeous grey ; occipital region more reddened.
Cervical conspicuously elongate, brownish black. Pronotum buffy medially, more pruinose on sides, with anarrow brown median vitta. Mesonotal preescutum
chiefly dark plumbeous grey, the usual interspaces witha narrow, almost entire black stripe, the usual median
blackened vitta much fainter to scarcely indicated against
the ground; humeral triangle conspicuous, abruptly
buffy yellow ; scutal lobes dark grey, more or less variegated with blackish on the lateral and mesal borders, thecentral region of seutum light grey ; scutellum darkened
at base, its caudal border broadly reddened ; postnotum
grey, somewhat more blackish grey on the posterior
portion. Pleura grey, variegated with darker grey toproduce vague incomplete stripes; dorsopleural membrane pale yellow. Halteres with stem yellow, knob
brownish black. Legs with the coxm reddish yellow, thefore and middle pairs slightly more infuseated ; trochanters obscure yellow; remainder of legs broken. Wings
with the ground-eolour whitish subhyaline, heavily
patterned with brown, including four somewhat darker
subcostal areas that are more extensive than the yellowish
white interspaces ; the paler brown pattern is arranged
much as in/audanda, appearing as extensive areas in allcells, subequal in extent to the ground interspaces, distributed as follows :--subcostal dark areas extended caudad
into cell R ; stigma confluent with broad seams along
cord, extended cauded into cell R a, isolating a pale spotat base of cell R 8 ; outer end of cell 1st M8 and very e x t e n s i v e marginal clouds in the cubital and anal fields;
wing-tip variegated with pale spots in all cells; veinsnew or little-]cnown Tipulidm.

409

yellow in the ground, more infuscated in the clouded
portions. Venation : Sc relatively long, Sc 1 ending about
opposite mid-length Rs, Sc~ at its tip; Rs long, about
three times the basal section of R4+ 5 ; Cell 1st M s elongate,
exceeding vein M I . ~ beyond it ; m-cu at fork of M ; cell
2nd A wide.
Abdomen with basal tergite light fulvous yellow,
remaining tergites dark brown, sparsely pruinose; sternites more obscure yellow ; hypopyginm brownish yellow.
Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite narrowly transverse, its caudal margin very broadly and shallowly
notched, the lateral lobes correspondingly low and only
slightly thickened. Basistyle with its total area about
one-third that of the large fleshy ventral distist~le;ventromesal lobe relatively small, more or less constricted
at base. Dorsal dististyle relatively slender, gradually
narrowed, tapering very gradually into a long apicalspine. Ventral dististyle with the rostral prolongation
small, the apex obtusely rounded; spines subequal,
slender, from a common tubercle at base of prolongation,but each spine from its own individual, much smaller
tuberculate swelling. Gonapophysis with mesal-apicallobe darkened, curved, the tip very obtuse; lateral
margin of each lobe extended into a low flange.
Hab. Ecuador (Tungurahua).
Holotype, ~, Runtun, above Bafios, altitude 2200 metres,
J u l y 21, 1939 (Macintyre).
Limonia (Geranomyia ) parilis is allied to L. (G.) destricta
Alexander, L. (G.) laudanda Alexander, and other large
and showy species. It has a wing-pattern much as inlaudanda, but the structure of the male hypopygium isquite different from the latter and from other generally
similar species.
Polyraera (Polymera) nimbipennis, sp. n.
Mesonotum medium brown, unpatterned; thoracic
pleura with a relatively broad black dorsal stripe, theventral pleurites abruptly yellow; antennal flagellum
brownish black, the segments binodose ; legs black, theouter tarsal segments white, on the hind legs including
all of the tarsi excepting the last segment; all eoxm
yellow ; tips of femora and tibiae blackened ; wings witha very strong brownish suffusion; Sc short, Sc 1 ending

410

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

opposite or before two-fifths the length of R2+a+ 4 ; RI+ 2
subequal to Re+3; m-cu nearly its own length beyond
the fork of M.
Male.--Length al~out 4.5-4.6 mm. ; wing 5.6-5.8 mm. ;antenna about 5.9-6 mm.
Rostrum yellow ; basal segments of palpus yellow, theouter ones pale brown. Antennee (male) slightly long~r
than the wing; brownish black, the scape and pedicela trifle brighter, particularly the latter ; flagellar segments
strongly binodose, both swellings subequal; verticils
very long and conspicuous, about equal in length on bothswellings. Head brown.
Pronotum concealed in the type. Mesonotum almost
uniformly medium brown, without pattern, the scutellum
and postnotum sparsely pruinose. Pleura with a relatively broad black dorsal stripe, the sternopleurite andmeron abruptly yellow. Halteres infuscated, especiallythe knob, the base of stem very restrictedly brightened.
Legs with all cox~e and trochanters yellow; femora
brownish black, the bases narrowly more yellow; tibiae
almost uniformly brownish black, the tips more blackened ;fore basitarsi black, the tips very narrowly whitened;remainder of fore tarsi and all of middle legs broken;
hind tarsi snowy white, only the terminal segment brownish black. Wings with a very strong dark brown suffusion,
the prearcular and proximal costal fields slightly moreyellow ; veins and macrotrichia darker brown. Venation :Sc short, Sc 1 ending about opposite or before two-fifths
R2+3+4, Sc 2 near its tip; Rs about one-sixth longer
than Re+3+4, the latter about three-fourths R2+a; RI+ z
subequal to Re+a; m-cu nearly its own length beyond
the fork of M. In the paratype RI+ 2 is shorter, only
about one-half R2+3.
Abdomen piceous, more blackened laterally; subterminal segments more uniformly blackened ; hypopygium
dark chestnut-brown.
Hab. Ecuador (Santiago-Zamora).
Holotype, ~, Zumbi, Rio Zamora, altitude 700 metres,
November 2, 1941 (Laddey). Paratopotype, 1 ~, November
5, 1941.
Polymera (Polymera) nimbipennis is most similar to P.
(P.) leucopeza Alexander, of southern Mexico, which
differs in various regards, as the longer antennm of male

new or little-known Tipulidze.

411

and the paler wings, with distinct venational details,
including the relative proportions of the outer radialveins. Both flies have the leg pattern much the same.

Limnophila spinulosa, sp. n.
Allied to lloydi; general coloration of thorax brownish
grey, with a restricted dark brown pattern, including
paired spots on the prmscutum on either side of themedian line before the suture; halteres uniformly paleyellow ; legs yellow, the segments, especially the femora,with conspicuous erect spinose setm; wings whitish
subhyaline, with a dark brown reticulated pattern, thetransverse darkenings more or less expanded at either end
to produce a dumb-bell shaped figure; R~+3+ 4 long,
about one-third the anterior branch of Rs; R~ either
lacking or very faint, subequal in length to R1+2; malehypopygium with the outer dististyle setiferous, terminating abruptly in a single slender spine; gonapophysis
ending in a single spine; ~edeagus short.
Male.~Length about 6.5 mm. ; wing 7 mm.
Rostrum dark brown; palpi black. Antennm short;basal segments yellow, flagellum pale brown ; vertieils of
the flagellum exceeding the segments in length. Head
grey.
Pronotum grey above, narrowly lined with darker onsides. Mesonotal pr~escutum brownish grey, with arestricted dark brown pattern, including a spot on eitherside of the mid-line immediately before the suture andless evident lateral darkenings behind the pseudosutural
fovem; a faintly indicated median prmscutal stripe,slightly widened behind; scutum pale brownish grey,
the lobes variegated b y brown, especially behind, restricting the grey central area to a narrow marking at thebase of the greyish-brown scutellum ; central portion of
mediotergite grey, the lateral portions and the pleurotergite dark brown. Pleura chiefly dark brown, pruinose,
the central portion somewhat paler ; dorsopleural region
buffy. Halteres uniformly pale yellow. Legs with thecoxm and trochanters brownish yellow, the latter with adark apical spot beneath ; femora yellow ; remainder oflegs yellow, the terminal tarsal segment infuscated, theapices of the remaining tarsal segments narrowly darkened ;legs with unusually strong erect spinous set~e on most of
the segments, including a ventral series on almost the basal

412

Dr. C. P. Alexander onhalf of at least the posterior femora (remaining legs
broken), these setm arranged generally in two rows andmore or less equidistantly spaced. Wings whitish subhyaline, with a relatively heavy dark brown reticulated
pattern that consists of narrow transverse dashes inmost of the cells, Sc and R being most nearly free ofmarkings ; larger brown areas at origin of Rs ; at stigma,
extending backward as a narrower line over the cord;
and a major mass in the outer radial field, chiefly in cells
R 3 and R4; the dark lines are narrow and transverse,
completely crossing the cells, being more or less expanded
at either end to produce a dumb-bell like effect ; in outer
medial field the margin is narrowly and more extensively
darkened; dark areas over veins Cu I and 2nd A more
extensive; veins yellow, darker in the patterned fields.
Venation : SCl ending about opposite two-fifths the lengthof R~+3+ ~, Sc~ at its t i p ; Rs elongate, weakly angulated
at origin; R2+a+ 4 unusually long for a member ofthis group, about one-third as long as the anterior
branch of Rs; R 2 very faintly indicated or lacking, if
present, evidently subequal to RI+ e ; cell 1st M e elongate,
gently widened outwardly, nearly as long as vein M abeyond i t ; m-cu at from two-thirds to three-fourths
its length beyond the fork of M ; cell M 1 subequal to its
petiole; cell 2nd A wide, the vein sinuous; anterior
areulus preserved.
Basal abdominal tergites dark brown, the intermediatesegments more variegated apically with obscure yellow;
sternites clearer yellow; subterminal segments more
uniformly dark brown; hypopygium brownish yellow.
Male hypopygium with the outer dististyle relatively
broad, slightly widened outwardly, at apex suddenly
narrowed into a slender, gently curved spine, the outerventral angle, before the spine, with a shorter point;
surface of style with abundant long setm. Gonapophysis
broad at base, terminating in a slender spine. .2Edeagus
short, broad-based, the penis slightly sinuous within the
sheath.
Hab. Ecuador (Napo-Pastaza).
Holotype, ~, Abitagua altitude 1800 metres, April 15,
1940 (Laddey).
The most similar described species is Limnophila lloydi
Alexander, of Colombia, which differs conspicuously innew or little-known Tipulida~.

413

the coloration of the body, and in the pattern and venationof the wings.
Atarba (Atarba) cucullata, sp. n.
General coloration of thorax dark reddish brown, thesurface sparsely pruinose; antennse (male) about onehalf as long as body, the proximal flagellar segments
weakly bicoloured, black, with both base and apex narrowly
yellow; legs yellow, the outer tarsal segments weakly
infuscated; wings with a faint brownish-yellow tinge;
stigma small, pale brown; m-cu at near mid-length o flower face of cell 1st M 2 ; male hypopygium with theapical spine of the outer dististyle short; gonapophysis
pale, the apex obtuse and smooth; sedeagus at apex
greatly expanded into a transverse hood-shaped blade.
M a l e . - - L e n g t h about 6 mm. ; wing 5"2 ram. ; antenna
about 3 mm.
Head, with the exception of the antennae, lost. Antennse of moderate length; scape and pedicel pale brown,
flagellum darker brown, the incisures of about theproximal five segments very narrowly yellow, involving
both the base and the apex of the segment; basal
segments long-cylindrical, the outer ones shorter, moreelongate-oval; besides the basal verticils, segments provided with a dense erect shorter pubescence, each with ashort subtending point to produce a scabrous appearance.
Thorax almost uniformly dark reddish brown, thesurface sparsely prninose ; ventral pleurites a little more
reddened. Halteres with stem pale, knob infuscated.
Legs with the coxse reddish yellow; trochanters yellow ;remainder of legs yellow, the femoral tips not darkened ;outer tarsal segments weakly infuscated. Wings with afaint brownish-yellow tinge, the prearcular and costal
fields somewhat clearer yellow ; stigma small, pale brown ;veins yellow, macrotrichia dark brown. Macrotrichia onveins beyond cord abundant and conspicuous; basad ofcord with trichia on distal third of first section of Cu 1
and on more than the outer half of vein 2nd A . Venation :Sc short, Scl ending about opposite one-fifth the lengthof the short arcuated Rs, Sce shortly before the origin of
the latter; basal section of R 5 about two-thirds R s ;anterior branch of the latter long and gently sinuous;cell 1st M e short-subpcntagonal, m-cu at mid-length of its
lower face.

414

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Abdomen (lark reddish brown, more blackened laterally: subterminal segments more uniformly blackened;hypopygium with the sternal plate not clearly evident in
the unique type-slide.
Outer dististyle moderately
slender, the apical spine subequal to or shorter than thesubterminal outer tooth; about nine or ten spines onouter margin of style, forming an irregular double row.
Inner dististyle slender, about one-fourth longer than theouter style, its apex obliquely obtuse. Gonapophysis
with apex obtusely rounded, entirely smooth and pale.
.:Edeagus of unusually powerful development, especiallythe apex which is expanded into a flaring hood-shaped
structure, in the slide-mount spreading flat, its total
width subequal to the full length of the basistyle.
Hub. Ecuador (Santiago-Zamora).
Holotype, c~, Zamora, altitude 1000 metres, December 20,
1941 (Laddey).
The present fly is most closely related to Atarba(Atarba) megaphallus Alexander, of Amazonian Brazil,
which has the same somewhat peculiar type of aedeagus.
The latter species differs in the much longer, differently
patterned antennae of the male, and in the details of
structure of the hypopygium, including both dististyles.
Atarba (Atarba) circe, sp. n.
General coloration light brown; antennae (male) elongate, approximately ibur-fifths the length of b o d y ;proximal flagellar segments bicolored, black, the basal
fifth yellow, the amount of the latter colour decreasing onouter segments; knobs of halteres infuscated; legs
yellow, the femoral tips very narrowly blackened; wings
with a greyish yellow tinge, stigma medium brown,
relatively conspicuous : Sc I ending just beyond origin of
Rs ; cell let M 2 irregularly-pentagonal, shorter than anyof the veins beyond it; abdominal tergites bicolored,yellow basally, the subapical portions brown ; no distinct
blackened subterminal abdominal ring ; male hypopygiumwith the outer dististyle expanded on basal half, tile long
tip terminating in a conspicuous spine, with about two
more appressed spines back from the tip ; inner dististyleslender, strongly arcuated ; gonapophysis with numerous
short spinous points at tip.
M a l e . - - L e n g t h about 5 ram. ; wing 5"5 mm.; antenna
about 4 mm.

new or little-known Tipulidse.

415

Rostrum brown; palpi relatively elongate, brownish
black. Antennae (male) long, as shown by the measurements ; scape and pedicel dark brown ; fiagellar segments
black, the bases conspicuously yellow, the extreme tips
similarly brightened; the amount of yellow at bases ofthe more proximal segments involves about one-fifth thesegment, the amount decreasing on the outer segments;
besides a relatively inconspicuous erect pale pubescence,each segment with a single long verticil, placed at or
before mid-length of segment. Head brown
Thoracic dorsum almost uniformly light brown, very
sparsely pruinose but without pattern. Pleur.~ brownish
testaceous, paler on the ventral sclerites. Halteres withstem yellow, knob infuscated. Legs with the coxm
obscure yellow ; trochanters yellow ; femora yellow, thetips very narrowly blackened ; tibiae and tarsi yellow, theouter segments of the latter a trifle more darkened;
tibial spurs small but evident. Wings with a greyish
yellow tinge, the prearcular and costal fields clear lightyellow, the latter colour continued to the end of cell R 3 ;stigma medium brown, relatively conspicuous; veinsbrownish yellow, clearer in the luteous fields. Venation :Sc~ ending just beyond origin of R s , S c 2 immediately
before this origin; R s about one-third longer than thebasal section of R s ; cell 1st M e irregularly pentagonal,
shorter than any of the veins beyond i t ; m - c a about
one-fourth its length beyond the fork of M.
Basal abdominal tergites medium brown, darker
laterally; intermediate segments bicolored, the basal
half yellow, the outer portions brown with the extreme
margins again yellow ; no distinct blackened subterminal
ring, as is frequent in the genus ; sternites more extensively yellow; segments eight and nine yellow. Male
hypopygium with the outer dististyle of distinctive
conformation, appearing as a slender flattened blade, atnear mid-length strongly narrowed into a blackened spine,with one or two appressed spinules back from the tip ; onthe more expanded basal half the blackened outer margin
bears about six or seven spines, the outer ones larger andbecoming more erect; beyond the last of these, on the
narrowed outer portion, a long space, equal to about onethird to one-fourth the total length, unprovided withdenticles. Inner dististyle slender, blackened, ahnost
parallel-sided, at mid-length bent at a strong angle. Gona-

416

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

pophysis apex with numerous short spinous points, thesemuch shorter than in multiarmata. :/Edeagus long,nearly straight, the tip moderately flaring and more orless hood-shaped.
Hab. Ecuador (Santiago-Zamora).
Holotype, ~, Zamora, altitude 1000 metres, October 19,
1941 (Laddey).
Atarba (Atarba) circe is readily told from its nearest
relatives, A. (A.) idonea Alexander and A. (A.) multia~vnata
Alexander, by the coloration of the body, wings andantennae, and by the structure of the male hypopygium,
especially the outer dististyle and the gonapophysis.
Gonomyia (Lipophleps) arajuno, sp. n.
Belongs to the manca group, allied to haploide8 ; generalcoloration brown, the thoracic pleura brown, faintly
striped with paler ; legs brown ; male hypopygium withthe dististyle terminal, entirely fleshy, relatively large,
provided with a series of from four to six strong set~e
down the face and mesal margin; a single elongate rod
jutting from the cup of the phallosome.
Male.--Length about 3-8 ram. ; wing 4 ram.
_Female.--Length about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4.4 ram.
Rostrum obscure yellow ; palpi black. Antennae black ;pedicel (male) enlarged. Head dark grey, hghter grey onorbits.
Pronotum and pretergites light yellow, the sides of theformer darker. Mesonotal prmscutum and the scutal
lobes dark brown, sparsely pruinose ; central region o fscutum light grey; scutellum with posterior borderbroadly yellow, the base infuscated ; postnotum brown,
more yellow on the dorsal portion. Pleura dark brownish
grey, with a broad yellowish grey longitudinal stripe, iUdelimited and becoming wider behind. Halteres weakly
infuscated, especially the knobs. Legs with the cox~eyellow, the fore pair more infuscated;trochantersobscure yellow ; remainder of legs brownish black. Wing
with a weak brownish tinge, the prearcular and costal
fields light yellow; stigma scarcely indicated; veinsbrown, those in the brightened fields paler brown. Venation: Sc 1 ending a short distance before origin of Rs,
Sc 2 far from its tip, Sc 1 alone being more than onethird Rs ; cell 1st M 2 shorter than vein Ma ; m-cu at or
shortly before the fork of M.

new or little-known Tipulid~e.

417

Abdominal tergites brown; sternites paler; hypopygium brownish yellow. Male hypopygium with thedististyle terminal in position, entirely fleshy, relatively
large, the length being about one-fifth that of thebasistyle; shape roughly rectangular; two fasciculate
set,e, one from the outer mesal angle, the second fromnear mid-width of the truncated apex ; mesal edge of stylewith a row of five or six normal but elongate set,e, theface of style with an oblique row of four or five similarones, the row reaching almost to the base of style.
Phallosome a simple pale cup-like structure, with a single
elongate element jutting therefron/, this presumably being
the ~edeagus, tapering gradually to a very delicate point.
Hab. Ecuador (Napo-Pastaza).
Holotype, ~, l~io Arajuno, Nape Watershed, altitude1000 metres, April 22, 1941 (Macintyre).
The present species has the hypopyginm most likethat of the Mexican Gonomyia (Lipophleps) haploides
Alexander, which differs in the coloration of the body andin the details of structure of the male hypopygium,
especially the size, shape and vestiture of the dististyle.

Gnophomyia (Gnophomyia) tungurahuana, sp. n.
Allied to m~estitia ; general coloration dark plumbeous
g r e y ; antennae black throughout; legs brown, the tarsi
passing into black; wings weakly bicolored, the basal
two-thirds brown, the outer third more greyish brown;
male hypopygium with the caudal margin of tergite gently
emarginate, bordered by virtually continuous rows ofspinous set~e ; lateral tergal angles produced into distinct
tubercles that are tipped with about ten similar set~e ofvarious sizes; a setiferous tubercle at proximal end of
mesal face of basistyle ; outer dististyle long and slender ;inner dististyle terminating in a small apical tooth ; distal
portion of style with unusually strong set~e.
Male.--Length about 5.5-5.6 ram. ; wing 5.3-5.5 mm. ;antenna about 2 ram.
Rostrum and palpi brownish black. Antennae black;flagellar segments long-oval, the outer ones conspicuously
smaller ; longest vertiefls slightly exceeding the segments
in length. Head grey, the vertex with a brown central
spot.
Thorax chiefly dark phimbeous grey, the pretergites
restrictedly paler; central portion of mesonotum not41 sl)r. C. P. Alexander onvisible in type, due to the mounting. Pleura grey, themeral region light yellow. Halteres infuscated. Legs
with the cox~e dark grey ; trochanters brown ; remainderof legs brown, the femora paler on ventral surface ; tarsi
darkening to black. Wings weakly bicoloured, the basal
two-thirds to beyond the general level of cord brown, theouter third paler greyish brown, this colour likewise
including the anal cells; stigma elongate-oval, darker
brown ; veins dark brown. Venation : Sc 1 ending
shortly before the level of the outer end of vein R2+3+ 4 ;R2+ 3 a little longer than vein R o; cell 1st M 2 long andnarrow, only slightly widened outwardly, subequal inlength to vein M 4 beyond it ; m - c u at near mid-length ofcell. Ill both wings of type with an extra cross-vein incell R 3.
Abdomen brown, the tergites darker than the sternites ;pleural membrane yellow. Male hypopygium with thetergite large and conspicuous as in the group, its caudal
margin broadly and gently emarginate, bordered byvirtually continuous rows of elongate blackened spinous
set,e, these rows being approximately three deep andtotalling in excess of 60 spines ; lateral angles of tergite
produced into a conspicuous lobe that is tipped with
about ten further similar set~e of unequal lengths, a single
one being unusually strong and powerful. In kertesziana
the row of spinous set~e is single or virtually so and isinterrupted at the m i d line. Basistyle with a setiferous
tubercle on proximal end of mesal face, but without modified spines such as are found in coxitalis. Outer dististylelong and slender, gently curved, the blackened tip
subobtuse. Inner dististyle less than half as long, terminating in a small apical blackened tooth, the distal twothirds of style with unusually strong coarse set,e, witht~wer longer and more delicate ones on outer portion.
Hub. Ecuador (Tungurahua).
Holotype, ~, Mount Tungurahua, altitude 3000 metres,
May 12, 1937 (Macintyre). Paratopotype, c~.
Among the now rather numerous described species thatare allied to Gnophomyia(Gnophomyia
ma~stitia
Alexander, the present fly is closest to G. (G.) coxitalis
Alexander and G. (G.) kertesziana Alexander, both ofwhich have the outer lateral angles of the male hypopygium
produced but of entirely different conformation andnew or little-know,~ Tipulidm.

419

armature from that of the present fly. The details of thebasistyle and dististyles are distinctive in all three species.

Styringomyia dorsolineata, sp. n.
General coloration brownish yellow, patterned withbrown; abdominal tergites with a nearly continuous
median brown stripe that is narrowly broken at near' midlength of the individual segments.
Male.--Length about 8 mm. ; wiug 5-5 mm.
Female.--Length about 5-5 mm. ; wing 5 ram.
Rostrum pale brown; palpi darker brown, especiallythe outer segments. Antennae with the scape infuscated beneath, yellow above ; pedicel brown, flagellum
yellow. Head light yellow, the centre of vertex more orless infuscated ; set~e of vertex erect, slender.
Thoracic notum obscure brownish yellow, the sides ofthe postnotal mediotergite darker brown, the pr~escutal
humeri more pruinose. Legs yellow, the fore and middle
femora with a narrow brown subterminal ring and withthe basal half or more weakly infuscated ; tips of tibiae
narrowly infuscated; terminal tarsal segment abruptly
darkened. Wings yellow; a restricted dark cloud overanterior cord ; veins yellow, the outer medial ones more
infuscated. Venation : Cell 2nd M S barely sessile or very
short-petiolate ; vein 2nd A gently curved to the margin.
Abdomen of male broken at mid-length of fourth
segment ; tergites yellow, the posterior rings with a conspicuous brown triangle, the basal rings a little less intensely darkened, the general effect being of a continuous
dark median stripe that is barely interrupted on theproximal portion of outer ring of the segment ; sternites
uniformly yellow. Ovipositor with the tips of the cerci
produced into a slender extension, its tip truncate andglabrous, less extensively so than in mystica.
Hab. Ecuador (El Oro).
Holotype, a broken ~, Morro Morro, altitude 1500
metres, J u l y 20, 1941 (Laddey). Allotopotype, 9.
Styringomyia dorsolineata seems well-distinguished fromthe other Neotropical species of the genus in the patternof the basal abdominal tergites which are much moreheavily marked than in either S. americana Alexander or
S. mystica Alexander. It is unfortunate that the hypopygium of the holotype male is lost, since the decisive
specific characters are to be found in this structure.