r( zV o l . \ i l I , N .o 1 -p p . L -4 4

8-XII-1946

7

P A P E I SA V U L S O SDODEPARTAMENTODE ZOOLOGIASECRETARIA DA AGRICULTURA

S. PAULO . BRASILNEW O,RLITTLE-KN:OWNTIPULIDAE (DIPTERA)F R O MS A O P A U L O ,B R A S T L P A R T r r r ( * )byCHanles P. AlexaNDER
MassachusettsState College, Amherst, ]Iassachusetts,U.S.A.

In continuationof the recordingof the speciesof crane-tliesof the State of S5o Paulo, I am at this time discussingcertain
unusuallyinterestingTipulidaethat havebeenreceivedfor study
f rom varioussources,chiefly f rom off icials and entomologists
inthe city of S5o Paulo. I am particularly indebtedto membersof
the staffsof the Institutode Higieneand therDepartamentode Zoologia and herewithexpressmy thanksand appreciation
to Messrs.
LeNe,R. F. o'Ar-MErDA,
JonN and FneonRrco
J D'Amrco,Messras
CRRReRA,L. R. GurmanAEs
and LnuRoTRavRssos
FrlHo. The types of most of the noveltieswill be returnedto the Departamentode Zoologia;thoseof certainothersspecified
in the text are retainedin my own collection
throughthe kindnessof the collectors.
A veryfew specimensfrom other statesin southeastern
Brasil are included in the discussionof certainof the speciesand for theseI am
further indebtedto Mr. LEnroGomesand Mr. Fnrrz PlnumRllN.
The presentreportbrings the total numbero.f speciesrecordedin
this seriesof papersto l2O.
(*)

Recebr<lopara publicagSoern 12-b-194b.

I

I , A I ' E , I SA \ - U L S O S\:ol. \'ll -- N." I

T I P UL I N A E
sp. n.
brevigenua,
81. BrachypremnaSize tttediuttt(wing, ntale,20.5 nrnr.
) ; pronotuntand nlesoand pleura
notuntalntostunifornt'brown,opaque,the postnotunt
uniformyellolv,withoutpattern;fetnoraand tibiaebro,wn,the genua rathernarrowlywhitened;tips of tibiaewhitened,the antouttt
subequalon all legs;basitarsibrown,the broadtips and rentainderof tarsi yellow; wings with the dark patternpale and inconspicuous; stignra brownish yellow, narrowly ringed with darker
tergitesobscureyellow,the outersegtnents
brown;basalabdorrrinaln'ith a tltoreor lessclistinctdarkenedsublateralstripe,the llasal
clearlight yellow,without patrings nloreyellow;basalsterurtes
tern, the outer sterniteswith a very vague dusky cloud at ncar
with the tooth of the dististyletlrlumidlength;male hypopygiunr
sually s'traight,its tip narrowly obtuse.
6. - Length,about 16 mlll.; wing, 20.5 lllnl.
Fnontalprolongationof head brownishyellow, very sliglttly
tuftedwitlt
concolorous,
darkeron ventralhalf; nasusconspicuous,
yellow setae;palpi uniformly brown. Antennaewith basal threc
segmentsobscurebro,wnishyellow, the outer segmentsuniformly
brownishblack. Head darker brown than the f ront, unpatternedstripes
opirquebrown,the praescutaland nresonotunr
Pronotunrvery poorly detined,indicatedchietly by a capillary pale median
lt'ithpair; scutumconcolorous
vitta separatingthe intermediateanC
medjotergite
morebrownishtestaceous;scutellum
praescutum;
Pleurauniuniformlyyellow pollinose,unpatterned.
pleurotergite
formly yellow,withoutdistinctpattern.Haltereswith stemyellow,
Legs with coxaereddishyellow,the fore pair aknob infuscated.
brighyellow;temorabrown,restrictedly
trifle darker;trochanterstenedbasally,the tips abruptlybut narrowlywhitened,occupyingof segmenton hindon fore legs,one-twentiethabout one-fifteenth
pair; tibiaebrownishblack,the basesabruptlywhitened,front ollchalf to two-thirdsas extensiveas the pale f emoraltips, tilis ofwhitened,subequalin amounttlll all legs
tibiae more extensively
u a ssrti idaI sr ts imeennrt;;bo J s e ggm
n e - tifl lteentht e e n t n o.t
distali s t a l o ne-f
he d
about
b o u t tthe
and including aof tarsi paling tcr
brown, the broad distal portion and rem'ainder
yellow; claws elongate,tooth relativelylow. Wings with thc pat-S-XII-1945

C . I , . A r . r , s . \ \ r ! r . l r \ e u - o r littlc-knt>u'T i1,ulidurt e r n u n u s u a l l yp a l e a n d i n c o n s p i c u o usst;i g r n ab r o w n i s hy e l l o w ,narrovr'ly
ringedu'ith darkerbrown; certainveinsof clistalhalf of
rt'ing,but speciallybeyondthe cord,narrowlysearleclwith
br?vr,ir,b e c o n r i n gn l o r e e x t e n s i v e
a n d d a r k e ra t w i n g t i p ; b r g w , r s c a u t salong veinM scarcely
inclicatecl;
creanr-coloredspotsnear enclsof
c e l l sR ' , a n d R . -c o n s p i c u o u vs e
; i n sb r o w n .V e n a t i o:n R s r e l a t i v e l y
l o n g , s q u a r ea t o r i g i n; p e t i o l eo f c e l ,M
l , a b o u t o n e - h a l fm .
Basalabdonrinaltergitesobscureyellow,the succeecling
segnlentswith a nloreol' lessdistinctdarkenedsublateral
stripe,learringa pale rttedianvitta; ltasaltergalringsnloreor lessyelloweti;b a s a i s t e r r r i t ecsl e a r l i g h t y c l l o w , e n t i r e l yu n p a t t e r n e d ;on outcr
sterniteswith a very vaguecluskyclouclat near the centerof tlesegnlent,not reachingany rttarginand.with its borders
very indistinct;hypopygiurnwith lrasistylerveaklyinfuscated.
Male hypopygiurrl
with its variouspartsnroreor lessinjuredand it rnaybe
describedin generalterrnsonly. Dististylewith the toothof theouter surfaceweak and unusuallystraight,entirelyglabrous,
thetip narrowlyobtuse;trasadof this spine,the style withabunclarrt
long delicatesetae.
H o L o r v e E ,A , R i b e i r i op i r e s ,B a r r e i r ac l a sCarnelias,
Novenrber l94l (D'Arurco)
The speciesis ttltlst nearly allied to Brachypremnaitotioyant
Afexander1944,differingconspicucrusly
in the unpatternedthoracicp o s t n o t u nat n d p l e u r aa n C i n t h e e n t i r e l yd i f f e r e n tp a t t e r no fthethclraxand abdonrinalsternites.
82

Megistocera
longipennis(Macquart1880)

P o r t o C a b r a l ,M a r c h l g 4 4 ( C n n n E n nd T R n v a s s o s )F. o r aconrpletediscussi'onof the conditionsat and n e a r P o r t o C a b r a l ,the very fine paper by -l'ravassos
shouldbe censulted.
(*)
8 3 . M r c r o m a s t i xc e r c r o n ! , s p . n .

Allied to lemniscata;generalcolorationof the thoracicnotum
dark browni pleurachieflydark, the ntesepisternum
paler to form(*) -fH,\\'..rssos
Fn,rro, I-.ruHo.F,xctrrsio cientifica :r porto Czubral,nlar.qertrl)aulista rlo Rio Plrnurl. Arquiv. sle Zoologia <lo F.sta<lo<le Sio [':tulo, 4,irrt. 1 : I-32, 2L figs., lve:rtlrergranh; 1g44.

PAPEIS AVULSOS

Vol. VII

N.o 1

girdle; antennae( male) longer than the body' thea transverse
long; tibiaeand tarsi uniformlyblackeerectpale setaerelativery
borderned; wings yellow,the prearculartield and narrowcostal
in outerend of cell R,ia smallgroupof macrotrichia
blackened;with theyellowand black;malehypopygium
abdomenvariegatednotchof the tergiterelativelysmall'about
6 . Length,about |2 mnl.; win$, l l mm.; antenna,
1 3 . 5n t m .
Frontal prolongationoJ head short, without nasus; above
narrowlyborderedby darkerand with a capillarychestnut-brown,tire
black meclianarea; basal seglllentof palpusobscureyellow,
passinginto black.Antennae(male) longerthan eithei'remainder
reddistrbrown,f lagellumpale
the body or wing; scapeand peclicel
infuscated;f lagellarscgyellow,the outertwo or threesegments
providedwith denseerect pale sctae
gents elongate-cylinclrical,
that exceedin lengththe diameterc.tthe segment;a few scattered
Head
black verticils,includingone at extremeapex of segment'
abovebrown; anteriorvertex nariow, the eyes correspondingly
large.
deepchestnut-brown,
Popronotumdark brown.Mesonotum
darker;praescutalsomewhatlished,the scutallobesand postnoturn
thesetaesmalrand sparse,longer near the suture.Pleurawithmuchdark brown,the mesepisternum
propleuraand mesepimeronventraliiglrt.r, obscureyellow,f orming a pale tranversegirdle;
morebrownishyellow.Haltereswith
and metapreura
pleurotergite
middlestemyellow,knob brownishblack.Legswith the fore andpair obscureyellow; trochanters
the po.sterior
coxaeblackened,
cleareryellow
obscureyellow;femorabrownishyellow,somewhat
before the narrowlyblackenedtips; tibiae and tarsi uniformly
f ield,black. wings with most of surface yellow,the prearcularcord,
cellsc and sc, stigmaand a contluentseamoverthe anterior
togetherwith a very narrowcostalseamto the wing tip blackened;M;
this blackenedmaigin barelyinvadesthe basesof cellsR andbrown cloudsat fork of M"*nand atvery weak and incospicuousareas'
marginovertip of cu; veinsyellow,darkerin the patterned
black;
oi veinsbeyondcordabundantand conspicuous,
Macrotrichia

8-xII-1945 -c. P. ATcxANDER

New or little-know Tipulidae

a small group of macrotrichiain outer end of cell Rr. Venation:
Rr*, persistent;
Rs short,aboutthree-fourths
m-cu; m subequalin
lengthto petioleof cell Mri cell 2nd A relativelywide.
Abdomenwith the f irst segmentand most of secondlightyellow,the posteriorborderof secondtergitebroadlyblackened,
the succeeding
segments
more extensively
so; the blackened
triangular areasextendbasadvirtuallyto the cephalicborderof eachsegment;lateraltergaI marginsblackened,
the sublateralobscureyellow ground areasgradudllybecomingmore restrictedin areaand finally obliterated;sternites
yellow,the posteriorbordersmore
darkened;hypopygiurnand .the segmentsimmediatelyprecedingr.rniforrrrly
blackened.
Male hypopygiumgenerallyas in lentniscata
but with the tergal notch nruchsmaller.
HoLotyen, 6 , Guaruj6,altitude 50 meters,January18-30,
1942 ('CanneRn)
CollectionthroughCnRneRn.
; AInxRNDERThis interesting
species
is namedfor my friend,Mr. Messras
CnRnrnn.The two nearestrelativesare Macromastixexempta(ArexnNDER1936) and M. Iemniscata(AlexeNDERlg2g), describedas speciesof HabromsstixSkuse.In the light of the recent
accessionof nunterousTro,picalAmericanspeciesof Mscromastix,
it seemsadvisableto referthis groupof threespecies
to this latter
gerrus.The presentfly is closestto lemniscata,differing in the
Iongersetaeof the antennae;distinctiveleg pattern,includingthe
uniformly blackenedtibiae and tarsi; the more restricteddark
wing pattern; presenceof macrotrichiain outer end of cell R'
and slight diff erencesin the structureof the male hypopygium,
as aboveindicated.
84. Masromartixexemptc(Alexander1936)

Serra da'Cantareira,altitudeabout 900 meters,December
1940 (GulrrlnRAes& Tnavnssos).
85. Macromrstixlurtralig(Alexander,lgBO).

Serra da Cantareira,altitude about 900 meters,December'l'Rnvessos).
l94O (GurrvranAesd6

I'AT'E,ISA\'L I-SOSnc) salomc, sP. n.
86, Tanypremnt(Tanyprem
S i z e m e d i u m( w i n g , n t a l e ,1 7 . 5m m . ); g e n e r a lc o l o r a t i o no flines;
without inrpresseC
thorax uniforrnlybrown, the praescutunt
femoraobscureyeltow,the tips narrowlyblackened;tibiae black,obscureyellow on proxinralthird, with a broacl,pale yellow,subt e r n r i n arli n g ; a l l t a r s iu n i f o r m l yb l a c k ;r v i n g sd e e pf u l v o u sb r o w n 'patternedwith darker,incluclingseanlsover cord andrestrictedly
reddishbros'fl,outerend of cell lst M,; cellM, pet.olate;abCortlen
the lateralbordersof tergitesand posteriorrttarginsof sternites
narrowly blackened;hypopygiunrwitlt tergite large, the posteriorborderwith a deep nrediannotch; laterallobesbroad; inner dististyle with about a scoreof blackenedspineson distal half.
alrlne6 . L e n g t h ,a b o ut 2 9 n l m . ; w i n g , l 7 . 5 l n m . ; a b d o n r e n
22 mm.
Frontal prolongationof head short, very stout, particularly
at base,slopingdirectlyupward to the vertex,rvithoutindication
yellow; nasusdistinct;palpusrvithof a notch;obscuretestaceousbasal segmentlight brown, the outer segmentsbrownishblack.
basal seven or eight segments
Antennaeshort, 12-segmented;
brownishyellow,the outeronespassinginto black; basalflagellar
segmentssubovalto cordiform,the verticilselongate,unilaterally
in length;outer four segntents
the segments
distributed,exceeding
more elongate,the terminal
cylindrical,becomingprogressively
to the precedingthreetakentogether.Head
onevery long,subequal
broad, particularlybehind,dull brown; anteriorvertex wiCe,approxirnatelyf ive or six tinresthe diameterof the scape;vertical
tuberclelow, delimitedposteriorlyby a V-shapedsuture.
almostuniformlybrown, pronotuttt
Pronotumand ntes,onotum
laterally; praescutumwith indicationsof darker
more yel,lowecl
lines onstripes,particularlyan intermediatepair; no imp'ressedpraescutum;scutellumnlore brownishblack, parascutellapaler;with nrcre than the cephalichalf dark brown, themrediotergite
of a centralpaler
with indications
posteriorportiongolden-yellow,
Pleura brownishyellow, rt'ichiefly clarkened.
line; pleurotergite
regiona little darker.Halteresthout distinctpaftern;clorsopleural
sternlight brown,kntlbdarker.Legsknol'rs;
short,with conspicuous
obscuredarker;trtlchanterswith coxaebrown,fore pair sonrewhat

8-X I I -1945 -- New or little-knorv TC. l). Ar.r:x.rNnF.R
i lrul idtta

brownishyellow;femoraobscureyellow,the tips narrowlyand inconspicuously
blackened;tibiae obscureyellow on proximalthird,
the rentainder
black,enclosinga broad pale yellow ring, this subeqdal to or a little more extensivethan the blackenedapex; tarsiof all legsunifornrlyblack;clawswith a conspicuous
tooth.Wings
rel'ativelybroad; ground color deep fulvous brown, restrictedly
patternedrvith darker; prearcularand costalf ields darker brown;stigma sntall,still darker; brown seamsover corclanclouter endof cell /s/ M", wing-tipstightJyinfuscated;outernredialveinsnarrowly seamedwith brown; a duskywa,Shin cell M behindvein M
at near midlength;in cases,at this point, with one or two shortspursfrom the vein directedcaudad;analcellsweaklyinfuscated;v e i n sr e d d i s hb r o w n .V e n a t i o n S: r , , f r e et i p o f S c , a n d R , * , a b o u tequidistantf ront one anotherat ntarginiRs nearlystraight,oblique
to lo.ngitudinalin position,about two-thirdsRr*,,;cell M, petiolate,this about one-halfm; veinsM, andM" d little convergentat fflr?rgin, slightly narrowingthe cell; M,r*nabout one-thirdlongerthan
the basal sectionof M r*r; m-cLtcloseto f ork of M,r*n;cel| 2nd A
wide.
Abdomenmoderatelylong, reddishbrown, the tergitesnarrowly darkenedon lateralborders,the cauda,lportionsof sternites
similarly ringed with dark; hypopygiunr,e speciallythe basistyle,slightly more yellowish.Male hypopygium( Fig. I ) with the tergite, 9t, Iarge,its posteriormargin conspicuously
notched,the lateral lobesbroadly obtuse.Outer dististyle,od, broadly flattened,
its width about two-thirdsthe length,th'etip obtuse (style shown
separatelyin figure). Inner dististyle,id, with its distal portion
narrowed,the tip slightly decurved;outer margin of ,distalhalfof blade with nearly a scoreof short bl,ackspinesfrom short-cylindricalreddenedbases.
H o L o r Y P E , 8 , Guarui6, altitude 50 nteters,on foliage, Ja-

nuary 28, 1942 (CanneRA).

Tonypremne(Tanypremno)salomeis entirely different frorn
the other speciesof the genusso far describecl.
The combinationof black tarsi and ringed tibiae nrarksthe presentfly as being
unusuallydistinct.The presenceof weak spurs of veinletsjuttingfrom vein M into the cell indicatesa conditionbest developedin

R

PAPEIS AVULSOS

Vol. VIIN." 1

the subgenusPehlkm Enderleinbut the assignmentof the f lY
to the typical subgenusappearscorrect.
87. Holorugia(Holorusic)calliope,sP. n.
Allied to ju juyensis; size relativelysmall ( wing, a'bout I 5mm.); outer f lagellar segmentsblackened;mesonotalpraescutum
obscureyellow,with four brownishgray stripesthat are narrowly
borderedby darker brown, the inner border of the intermediate
thoracicpleurastriped;femorayellow,
pair of stripessubobsolete;
the tips narrowly brown, clawSof male bidentate;wings dusky,
with a restrictedyellow pattern;abdonrinaltergitesreddishbrownwith pale caudalborders;nralehypopygiumwith tergiteproduced
plate, the apex entire; near
mediallyinto a f lattened-depressed
centerof plate with an elongategroup of about fifty black setae;
dististylewith its outer lobe or style unusuallyshort; posterior
porti,onof main blade of style with the outer angles produced
into a lobe or spinousPoint.
3 . L e n g t h ,a b o u t 1 2 m m . ; w i n $ , 1 5 m m . ; a n t e n n aa, b o u t
3.8-3.9mm.
g . Length,about 14 mm.; wing, 14.5mm.
Frontal prolongationof head brownishyellow above,darkepalpi black.Anned laterallyat apex;nasuslong and conspicuous;
yel,low;petennaein male relativelyshort; scapepale testaceous
dicellight brown; f irst f lagellarsegmentorange,the seconda trif ledarker,the remainingsegmentsunitonnly dark brown; in f emale,
only the scape and pedicel obscureyellow, the f lagellum darkbrown,the antennaeshorterthan in male.Headabovedark fulvous
brown, the front and very narrow orbits gray; vertical tubercle
relativelyhigh but narrow.
Pronotumlight yellow above,more obscuredon sides.Mesonotal praescutumwith the ground obscureyellow, cleareryellow
on humeralregion; four brownish gray stripesthat are narrowly
borderedby d,arkerbrown, the mesalbordersof the intermediatepair lessevidentor not darkened;lateral marginsof intermediate
stripesat the cephalicends more expandedto virtually isolatethe
scutumdarkenedon lateralportionsof lobes,
posteriorinterspaces;
the remainderchieflypale but with indicationsof weak d'arkenings;

8-XII-1945 -- New or little-know Tipulidae
C. P. AT.cxANDER

I

scutellumand postnotumdark brown, heavilypruinose,leaving
darkenedcentralstripeson the scutellumand cephalictwo-thirds
exincludingthe katapleurotergite,of mediotergite;pleurotergite,
tensivelydarkened.Pleuralight yellowventrally,the centralportion
light brown, including the upper half of the entire mesopleura;
dorsad of this, includingthe propleuraand ventral half of theblackenedstripe
dorsopleuralmembranewith a nroreconspicuousthat extendsnearlyto the wing-root;dorsalportionof dorsopleural
membranelight yellow. Haltereswith stem yellow, knob weakly
darkened.Legs with the coxae and trochantersyellow; f emora
yellow basally,beconringrnoreobscuredoutwardly,the tips rather
narrowlybrown; tibiae light brown, the tips narrowlydarkened;of femalesimple.
tarsi passinginto black;clawsof malebidentate,
Wings of aproximatelythe same pattern type as zikani but 'differingin manydetails;generalpatterndarker,the amountof yeil,rtV
restricted,most abundantin the cephalicbasal quarter of wing,
constrastingmore evidentlywith the darkenedground; darkened
areain baseof cell Cu short; darkenedareasin outer end of celll st A more nearlyunbroken.
Abdomenwith basal segmentobscureyellow, the succeeding
segmentsredCishbrowtr,becomingstill darkeroutwardly,the caudal borders narro,wlypale; sternitesbrownish yellorv, narrowly
darker medially; hypopygiunrobscureyellow. Male hypopygium(Fig. 2) with the tergite,9t, producedmediallyinto a flattenedyellow platethat is a little widenedoutwardly,its caudal
depressed
bordervery gently convex,not notched;in centerof plate an elongate grolrp of approximatelyfifty long black spinoussetae.Disits apex
tistyle,d, with the outer lobe or style very short-clavate,obtuse,before tip lvith nurnerousblackenedretrorsesetae;rnain
body of innerlobe of styleaboutas figured; posteriorportionmore
ol lessquadratein outline,eachouter angle producedinto a lobe
or spine,tlie upper outer one more acute;alo.ngventral marginof appendageback from the lower outer lobe with a marginalseries of conspicuous
black setae;beak or anteriorportion of styletheproducedfnto a more elongatesubglabrouslobe, representfng
usualbeak and a more basal smallerlobe.
HoLotyeR, a , GuarujS,altitude50 meters,January21, 1942

i0

I ' A I ' E IS A \ T U L S O SVol. VII)f." 1( C n n n r R n ) ;A l E x R N o r RC o l l e c t i o nt h r o u g hC n n R e R nA. l l o r o p o TYPE,g , pinnedwith type.
This fly is quite distinctfrom the variousother regionalspecies that centerabout Holorusia (Holorusfa) jujuyensisAlexander,
1920,and H. (H.) zikani Alexander1936. It differs f rom all ofthesein the structureof the malehypopygium,particularlythe tergite and the dististyle.

88. Holoruria(Holorusia) phoeton,sp. n.
Allied to jujuyensis;size relativelysnrall (wing, nrale, 15.5
m m . ) ; a n t e n n a er e l a t i v e l ys h o r t ; m e s o n o t apl r a e s c u t u mwith four
ciark brown stripes; thoracic pleura conspicuously
striped withp a l e y e l l o w a n d d a r k b r o w n ; h a l t e r e su n i f o r m l yy e l l o w ; p o s t e r i o r
coxae blackened;f enrora yellow, the tips narrowly infuscated;wings marbled,about as in other membersof the group; abdornctt
chiefly orange,the sidesof the more basal tergitesblackened,ontergitesthis brokeninto dark basalspots;malehythe intermediate
popygiurnwith the ninth tergite producedinto a flattenedyellow
plate that is bilobedby a small narrow notch; base of dististyleswollen and providedwith a densegroup of blackeneCspinous
setae,exceedingfifty in number.
,^o- L e n g t h ,a b o u t l 4 m m . ; w i n g , 1 5 . 5m n t . ; a n t e n n aa, b o u t

3.3mm.
Frontal prolongationof head relativelyshort, about one-halfthe lengthof remainderof head,light chestnutbrown above,darker
on the sides;nasusdistinct;palpi with basal two segmentsblack,r e, l a t i v e l ys h o r t ; s c a p e
r e m a i n d ebr r o k e n .A n t e n n a el 2 - s e g m e n t e Cvery pale yellow, a little darker at tip; pedicelyellow; flagellum
passinginto orange-brown;intermediatesegmentsshort-cylindrical, the lengthabouttwice the width. Headabovelight orange,including the small vertical tubercle;posteriorvertex pale brown,
sparselypruinose.
Pronotumpale yellow,narrowlydarkenedon sides.Mesonotal
praescutumwith the ground and restrictedinterspacesgra!, themore obscureorange;extremelateralborderof
medianinterspace
humeralregionblackened;remainderof disk with four entiredarkbrorvn stripes; scutal lobes extensivelydark brown, the median8-\Il-1t45

C . l ' . A r . r : x . r N n r .-. r i N e w o r l i t t l e - k n o w T i l w l i d u t ,11

area gray pruinose,with a narrow dark brown triangle,its point
directedbackward;scutellumgray pruinoseon a brown ground,parascutellalight gray, infuscatedchieflydark brown; nrediotergite
with anapleuromediallyand on posteriornrargin;pleurotergite
more blacketergitepale brown,the protuberantkatapleurotergite
ned, its cephalicportion sparselypruinose.Pleura conspicuously
stripedwith pale yellow an:l dark brown; a dorsalbrown stripe
extendsfrom the propleuraacrossthe dorsalpleuritesto the pleur o t e r g i t ea, s d e s c r i b e dv;e n t r a ld a r k s t r i p el e s sd i s t i n c t ,i n c l u d i n g
the blackethe ventralsternopleurite,
ventralmeronand,especially,
ned irasesof posteriorcoxae;the yellowstripesincludethe dorsopleuralregion,the ventraledge of which is narrowlyblackened,
anC a much broader,tnoresilverypruinosestripe that separates
the two dark bands above described.Halteresunifornrlyyellow.
Lcgsivith coxaepalebrownishyellow,the posteriorpair blackened,
as described;
yellow;femorayellow,the tips narrowly
trochantersinfuscated;tibiaebrownishyellow,theand ratherinconspicuously
tips narrowlyand graduallydarker;tarsipassinginto black.Wingsof the generaltype of jujuyensisand zikani; groundcolor grayish
brown, marbledwith darker brown and whitish subhyaline;thedarkestareas includethe stigma; a spot at near two-thirdsthe
lengthc.Jcell M; anotheron basal fourth of Cu, with other nlarginal cloudsin the cubitaland anal f ields;cell Sc uniformlydarkened,cell C paler brown; the largestpale areasare.prestigmal,
poststigmal,acrossbasal two-fifthsof cell 1s/ M, and a maior
markingin the basalhalf of cell M, crossingvein Cu into cell Cu;
otherpalemarginalareasin anal cells;all veinsnarrowlyborderedby pale; veinsyellow, somewhatdarker in the cloudedportions.
Macrotrichiaof veinsof outer medialfield lackingor virtuallyso.
Venation: Rr*, straight;Rs shorterthan m-cu, the latter beyond
midlerrgthof Mr*,.
the sidesof the basaltergites
Abdomenchieflyorange-yellow,
segmentsbecoming
conspicuously
blackened,on the intermediatebroadlyinterruptedand appearingas darkeningson the anterio,rportion of the tergites, these becoming progressivelysntaller
behindand finally obsoleteat about the sixth segment;remainder
Male hyof abdomen,includingthe hypopygium,orange-yellow.

12

PAPEIS AVUTSOS

Vol. VIIN." 1popygium(Fig. 3) with the tergite,9t, narrowedposteriorly,theyellowbladethat
apex furtherproducedinto a depressed,-flattened
is partiallydividedby a narrowU-shapedmediannotch;on sides
of strongblackof tergite,at baseof plate, a markedconcentration
onto the sidesof the plate.Dististyle,d,setae,a few encroachinghead
with the outer lobe or style stronglyclavate,the ex,pande'C
forty to fifty strongblack retrorsesetae;inneru'ith approximately
body of stylervith its basestronglybulbousarrddenselyprovided
with black spinoussetae,totallingin excessof tifty, thosetoward
shorterand stouter';a number
the outerportionof the hemispheretheselnore nunlerousandof longer redclishsetaeinterspersed,
on the outerportionsof the lobe; apicalbladeor beakrunmixedof style moderatelystout,bilobed,the outer apicallobe terminating in two small blackenedteeth,the lower apicalangle obtusely rounded.
Hor-o.tyeE,
I , Serrada Cantareira,altitude900 meters,De'l'RnvnssosdcemberI 940 ( GulnnaRArs).
The presentfly is very differentfrom the variousrelatedspeBrazil. It differs
cies of the jujuyensisconrplexin southeasterntheespeciallyparticularlyin the structureof the malehypopygium,
It is perhapsclosestto Holotergiteand dististyle,as described.
rusit (Holorusta)calliope,sP.n., yet entirelydistinct.
sp. n.
89. Ozodiccrr (Ozodicerc)caudifera,
S i z e r e l a t i v e l yl a r g e ( w i ' n g ,m a l e ,o v e r 2 l m m . ) ; g e n e r a lc o loratio,nof mesonotumyellow,the praescutumu'ith threebrownish
black stripes,and an additionalblackenedborderback to the rvirtgroot; f lagellar branchessubequalin length to the segments;f emora fulvous yellow, the tips undarkened;wings brownish gra!,the small stigmamediumbrown; abdomenfulvousbrown, virtuallyunpatterned,the subternrinalsegmentsdarkened; male ltypopygium with the apex of basistyleproduced into a sho.rt bilolled
blackenedstructure;outer dististylea broadly flattenedblade, theo u t e r m a r g i n n e a r b a s ep r o d u c e di n t o a t a i l - l i k ee x t e n s i o n .
d . t s L e n g t h ,a b o u t 2 5 m m . ; w i n g , 2 1 , 5 m m .
Frontal prolongationof head uniformly f ulvous, relatively

8-XII-194'5 -C. P. Arsx..rnnER-

New or little-know Tipulidae

13

than the remainderof head; nasusshortlong, only a little sho,rterand broad,its lengthlessthan the width acrossthe base,the apex
obtuselyrounded;palpi yellow.Antennaechieflyyellow,the apicesof the f lagellarbranchesweakly infuscated;terminalsimplesegmentsyellow; longestbranchessubequalin lengthto the segmentsthat bear them,thoseof the outer segments
a little sho.rter;branches subacute,providedwith terminalsetaeand a group of fouror five other bristlesbeforeapex,theseevidentlyrepresenting
thepositionof the atrophiedlateral branch.Front obscurebrownish
yellow,the very reducedanteriorvertexblack,the posteriorvertex
and occi,put
againbrownishyellow;eyesvery large;anteriorvertex
at its narrowestpoint only aboutas wide as threerows of ommatidia.
Pronotumbrownishyellow. Mesonotalpraescutumwith thepatterrestrictedground obscurebrownishyellow, conspicuously
ned with brownishblack,includingthreeshiny stripesand an additional lateralblackeningthat extendscaudadto the wing root;
posteriorinterspaces
moreobscuredthan the remainderof ground;scutumchieflydark brown, the medianregion,with the scutellum,
somewhatpaler; postnotumobscurebrownishyellow,unpatterned,
cleareryellow.Pleura,includingthe dorsopleuralthe pleurotergite
Halteres reddish yellow, knobs
membrane,yellow, unpatterned.
weakly darkenedbasally,the apices pale. Legs with the coxae
yellow; femorafulvousyellow,theirbrownishyellow; trochanters
tips undarkened;tibiae darker reddishbrowh; tarsi passinginto
Wings
black,the basalthird reddened.
black; tibial spurselongate,
brownish Sray,the prearcularfield deep yellow; cells C and Sc
slightlymorebrownishyellow;stigmasmall,mediumbrown; veins
Vebrown, more yellowedin the brighterf ields; veins gla,brous.
nation: Rs about one-thirdlongerthan Rr*r; tip of Rr*, pale but
evident; cell I st M, large.
Abdomen f ulvous brown, virtually unpatterned,the outerbrown,
segments
darkerbrown;subterminal
somewhatsegments
hypopygium brownish yellow. Male hypopygium (Fig. 4) withthe posterioremarginationof the tergite,9t, narrowly U-shaped,
a little wider than the laterallobes.Basistyle,b, at apex produced
into a short bilobed blackenedstructurethat is microscopicallyroughened.Outer dististyle,od, a broadly flattenedblade,its tip

1,tVol. \-tt

N.o 1

o b t u s e ;a t b a s eo f o u t e rn r a r g i np r o d u c e di n t o a s l e n l e rt a i l - l i k ee x t e n s i o nt h a t b e a r s a f e w l o n g s e t a e .I n n e r d i s t i s t y l e i, d , d i l a t e d ,s u b o v a lo n b a s a l h a l f, t h e o u t e r p o r t i o n s t r o n g l y n a r r o w e d ;t i p
b i d e n t a t e ,t h e s h o r t e r t o o t h b r o a c l a n C o b t u s e a t t i p , t h e o t h e r
l n o r e p o i n t e d ( c l i s t i s t y l easr e s h o w n a s s e p a r a t e di n t h e f i g u r e ) .
G o n a p o p h y s ens o t c o n s p i c u o u s ldye v e l o p e d .
, pril 13, 1942
H o L o t y p E , 6 , B o r a c e a ,a l t i t u d e9 0 0 n t e t e r s A( A r - m E r t )dA T n n v n s s o s )'lhis
speciesis nlost nearly relatedto Ozodicera(Ozodicero)nigromarginotaAlexander 1938, f rcnt which it differs in the ven a t i o na n d i n t h e s t r u c t u r eo f t h e n t a l eh y p o p y g i u r ne, s p e c i a l l yt h e
t a i l - l i k ee x t e n s i o no f t h e o u t e r d i s t i s t y l e .
90, Tipula(Microtipula)dccolorrta(Alexander1935).

Serra da Cantareira,altitudeabout 900 nteters.Decentber
d TRRvRSsos)
1940( GutnnnRAes.
LIMONIINAE
LIMONIINI
9 1 . L i m o n i a( L i m o n i a )d e c e p t r i xs, p . n .
Allied to roraimae; general coloration of body yellow orr e a k l y i n f u s c a t e da b o v e ;s c u t e l l u nat n d
g r e e n i s hy e l l o w ; p r o n o t u n w
r e s t r i c t e d l yp a t t e r n e dw i t h b r o w n ; l e g s b e y o n d t h enrediotergite
t r o c h a n t e rbsl a c k ,t h e t i p s o f t h e f e m o r ac o n s p i c u o u s l iyg h t y e l l o w ;w i n g s l i g h t y e l l o w , m o r e s a t u r a t e di n t h e c o s t a la n d o u t e r r a C i a l
f i e l d s ,p a t t e r n e dw i t h d a r k b r o w n a r e a sa n d p 4 l e r b r o w n m a r g i n a l
w a s h e s ;s t i g m a w i t h a b o u t f o u r t r i c h i a ,a l l b a s a do f v e i n R r i c e l l
I s t M r l o n g e rt h a n v e i n M r * , b e y o n di t ; a b d o n t e ng r e e n i s hy e l l o w ,t h e i n t e r n r e c l i a tsee g m e n t sw i t h t h e i r l a t e r a l a n d c a u d a l b o r d e r s
n r o r e b l a c k e n e d c; e r c i s l e n d e r .
9 . - L e n g t h ,a b o u t8 m m . ; w i n g , 8 . 5 n l m .
R o s t r u n ta n d p a l p i b t a c k . A n t e n n a ew i t h s c a p e a n d pedicell r l a c k ; r e m a i n d e ro f a n t e n n ab r o k e n .H e a d g r a y ; a n t e r i o r vertex
very narrow, about one-halt the diameterof scape.

8-\1I-194'5 -C. l'. .\r.r.xrNr)r..R- Ncw c,r little-l<..,,i'Tiy,ulit.lut

15

Pronotuntw'eaklyinfuscatecl
allove,yellow on sides.Mesonotuntalntostttttitorrnlyyellow,the praescuturnrvith a lllore orless distinctgreenishyellow centralstripe that is bordereclon
eitherside by a narrcw pale brown vitta that becornes
obsoleteat midlengthof the sclerite;scutellurnand centralportiorrof mediotergitemoreinfuscated.
Pleuraand pleurotergite
unifornrlylightyellow,unpatterned.
Haltereslvith baseof stenryellow,retnainder
broken.Legsrvith the coxaeand trochanterslight yellow;f enrora
black,the tips ratherbroadlyand conspicuously
light yellow,theantountsubequalon all legs; tibiae and tarsi uniforntlybtack;claws conspicuously
tot-lthed,
there being three rnajor denticles.
the outerntost
largest.Wings light yellow,restrictedly
but conspicuouslypatterned
lvith dark brownareasand palerbrownwashes;costalborder,particularly
cellC, darker;outerradialcellsand vein
Cu ntoresaturatedbutter-yellow;
the darkestbrown nrarksinclude
the origin of Rs; tork of Sc; cord,as far caucladas vein Cu, andouter end of cell /sf hlri srnallnrarginalspotsat endsof veins
R* to 2nd A, largestin the radlalfield; stignrapalerbrown,deeper
in color over R,*, and Rri palerbrown rvashesnear outerendsof
cellsM" to 2nd A, inclusive,
especiallyadjoiningthe veins;veins
yellow,dark brown in the infuscatedportions.Stignrawith aboutfour trichia,all lyingbasadof veinRr. Venation:Sc, endingnearly
oppositethree-fourths
the lengthof R.s,Sc, a short distancefrom
its tipi Rs angulated
at origin;treetip of Sc, aboutone-thirdlonger than Rri cell lst ,tr[,longerthan distal sectionof Mr*"; rft-cu
just beforefork of M.
Abdomenwith basalsegments
stronglytingedwith greenish,
the third and succeeding
segmentssonrewhatnlore infuscatedor
blackened,particularlythe caudaland lateralbordersof the intermediate
segnrents;sternitesgreenishyellow. Ovipositorwith
cercislender,stronglyupcurved;
hypovalvaenruchdeeperand nrore
powerful,straightot nearlyso.
HoLotype, 9 , Juquiii,April l94l (JonN LnNe); AIexRNDER
Co,llection
throughLnNe.
oThe most sinrilarCescribed
speciesis Lim,onia(Limonia) ro-

raimae Alexander,which is still know only from the sunrmit ofMount Roraima,southeasternVenezuela.This diff ers particularly

PA}''E,ISAVULSOS

16

Vol. VII

N.o 1

in the colorationof the legsand in slight detailsof patternof the
body and wings.
99. Limonia (Gcranomyia)lecondita(Alexander1921)

Juquid,March lg41 (J'onNLnNe). A little smallerthan more
includingbut agreeingcloselyin all essentials,
northernspecimens
the structureof the male hypopygium.
93. Helius(H"lius) frcgorusAlexanier 1927
altitude30Ometers,February22, l94l (Tnnvnssos).
Jhrqui6,
Noventberlg4l ( D'Anntco).
Barreiradas Cantelias,
nthus,sp. n.
94. Helius(Helius)micracc
Belongsto the albitcrsisgroup, allied to rectus; size smallof thoraxnrediumbrown,(wing,male,4.5 mm.); generalcolorationof abdomenbrownishblack;legsbrown,the outertarsalsegments,
includingthe distal third of basitarsi,white; wings a medium
brown tinge, stignrapale; cell /s/ M, short and broad, its length
only a little greaterthan the nraximumrvidth; m-cu at near twothirds the length of lorver face of cell; male hypopygiumwith
the dististylesterminal,the outer style snrall,its subterminalspinewith its outer half narrowed
reducedto.a tubercle;inner clististyle
but nearlyit alignmentwith the basalhalf; spinesof phallosomic
plate flatterand weakerthan in rectus.
6.

Length,about 5 mm.; wing, 4,5 mm.

Rostrumand palpi black, the former nearly as long as theremainderof head.Antennaeshort,brownishblack; basalflagellar
segmentsshort and crowded,the outer ones more elongate;versegmentslong, approximatelytwice the seticils of intermediate
gments.Head brownishblack.
Pronotumdark brown. Mesonotumalnrostmedium brown,
without pattern,the pleura scarcelypaler. Halteresdirty white.
Legs with the co.xaepale brown; trochantersobscurebrolvnish
white; remainderof legsbrown,the outerthird of basitarsiand rernainingtarsal iegmentswhite. Wings with a mediumbrown sufveins
fusion; stigma relativelylarge but pale and inconspicuous;

8-xII-1946 -C. P. ATSxANDER_- New or little-know Tipulidae

17

pale brown.Venation:Branchesof Rs graduallydiveiging, cell R,
at margina little lesstharitwice that of Rr; r-m short but present;
cell /sf M, short and broad, more so than in rectus,the length
only a little greaterthan the maximumwidth, the cell shorterthanvein Moi m-cu at near two-thirdsthe lengthof lower face of cellI st M, almostin transversealignmentwith r-m.
Abdomen,includinghypopygiunr,
brownishblack.Male hypopygium ( Fig. 7 ) with the basistyle,b, unprovidedwith lobes.
Dististylesterminalin position,the outer,od, snrall,its subterminal
spine unusuallyreduced,appearingas a small tuberclesomedistance back f rom the strong curved apex; outer surface of stylewith two or threeweak scatteredsetae.Inner dististyle,id, about
unr.ha\l \unger than the outer sly'le,a)most straight, as 'in reclus,
the moreslenderouterhalf muchnarrowerthan in rectus,.thegroupof pale spineson lower edge near the base,as found in various
speciesof the group,herereducedto threeor four scattererd
points.
Spinesof phallosomicplate,p, flatter and weaker than fn rectus,
appearingas slightly compressed
blades,the tips narrowlyacute.
Aedeagusmoderatelycoiled,the baseof the coil much expanded.
HoLoryee,6 , Juqui6,altitude300 meters,February22, lg4l

(Tnnvnssos).

The most sirnilar regionalspeciesis Helius (Hetius) rectus
Alexander1945,which differschieflyin the detailsof venationand
structureof the male hypopygium,especiallyof the dististylesand
phallosomicspines,as comparedabove.'fhe fly is among thesmallestmembersof the albitarsisgroup so tar discovered.
95. Heliur (Hcliur) perpcllidurAlexanderlg32.
Boracea,altitude900 meters,April 13, lg42 (Ar-rvrerDAd TnnvASSoS).

HEXATOMINI
96.

Epiphragmr(Epiphragma)
nigripleurrlis,sp. n.

Thoracicpleurablackened,concolorouswith the broad darkcned lateraland cephalicbordcrsof the praescutum;'coxaeblack,their tips pale yellow, remainderof legs yellow; wings fulvous

PAPEIS AVULSOS

18

Vol. VII -N." 1pale brown pattern;abdobro,wn,with a relativelyinconspicuous'patternedwith yellowish;
minal tergitesmediumbrown, vaguely
hypopygiumbrownishyellow to yellow; interbasenot recurved
at apex; outer dististylenear outer end with three or foul acttte
spinouspoints.
Length,about 8.5-9 nlm.; wing lO-l I ntnt.; antenna,
6.
about 2 mnl.
9.

L e n g t h ,a b o u t 9 . 5 - 1 0r n m . ;w i n g , 9 - 1 0 m r l l .

Rostrumobscureyello.lvpollinose;palpi black.Antennae'withscapeand pedicelblack,the f ornrernloreor lesspruinose;fusionremainderof f lagellumpale brotuvn;fusegmentorange-yellow,
with a partialthird; outerflaincludingtwo segnrents,
sion-segment
their verticils
long-cylindrical,
gellarsegments
somewhatexceedingin length.Headbrownishgray,the centerof the vertexnlore darkened;posteriororbits paler.
with the sides
Pronotumdark brown. Mesonotalpraescutunt
and the cephalicthird or fourthbrownishblack,confluentwith thewith the abruptly
blackenedpleuraand contrastingconspicuously
pale buffy yellow to weakly cinereousrentainderof praescutum,with a capillarydark rnedianvitta that extendsmore or less dis-..
in sonleindividualsmore broken than in
tinctly to the abdo.men,on the scutellum;in cases,the lateralpraescutalothers,especiallysimilarlybuffy,of nresonotunt
stripesf aintly indicated;renrainder
on the lateralportions;especiallythe scutallobesweaklydarkened,
blackenand the pleurotergite,
posteriorportionof the nrediotergite,
Halteresyellow,apex of knob weakly dared. Pleurablackenecl.
only the tips pale yellow,
kened.Legs with the coxaeblackened,narroweston the fore legs,bloadeston the posteriorcoxaewhereof legsyellow,unpatit includesnearlythe distalthird; remainder
terned,or, in cases,with the leastpossibleindicationof a darkened
subterminalfemo,ralring; claws (male) with a strongbasalspine'
Wings light fulvousbrown, cleareryellow along the costalborder
into the outer radial field; an extensivebut unusuallypale brown
againstthe ground,the costal
patternthat is relativelyinconspicuousareas darker; pattern in part ocelliform, with ocelli centeringat
the arculus,origin of Rs, fork of sc, and more brokenlyover thefork of Mr*, and tip of Rr*r; marginalbrown spotssmallbut darker

8-xII-19 45 -c. P. ArExauoER-

New or little-know Tipulidae

19

and more conspicuous,at ends of all longitudinalveins and incentersof cells from M" to 2nd A, inclusive;cell 2nd A with fromsix to eight, I st A with f ive or six suchareas;cell Cu o.nlyweakly
patternedexcept near its outer end; veins yellow, darker in thepatternedfields. Venation: Rs long, angulatedat origini Rr*r*n
nearly threetimesthe basal sectionof Rr; m-cu variablein position, from near one-fourthto nearly midlengthof cell Ist Mr.
Abdominaltergiteschiefly rnediumbrown, r'aguelypatternedwith n-lore
yellowish,the basalimpressions
inconspicuous;basaltergites darkerbrown; hypopygiummore brownishyellow to yellorv;
sternitesnlediuntbrown, the posteriorportions obscureyellow;
subterminalsegntentsnlore clarkenedto form a narrow and inconspicuous
subterminal
ring (in rnale).Malehypopygium(Fig. g)with the tergal lobes,gt, relativelylow, separatedby a broad andvery shallowV-shapednotCh,the innermarginsof the lobesgently
sloping,the outer ones lnore abrupt. Interbase,i, taperinggradually to the acute,non-recurved
tips; inner f ace of basistyle,b,with two darkenedspots that are separateC
by a small whitened
area.Outerdististyle,od, narrow,especiallythe outerportion,withthree or four acute spinouspoints that are groupedcloseto theapex, these points unusuallyappressed.Inner dististylelonger,
nearly parallel-sided,
the apex very obtuse,providedwith about
threemajor setae,additionalto the usualsmall ones.
'l'eutonia,
HoLotver, 6, Nova
SantaCatharina,altitude500
n l e t e r s ,O c t o b e r3 , 1 9 3 6 ( F n r r z P l n u n n a N N ) .A l L o T o p o T y p E ,g ,October 18, 1935.PeRnropoTypES,
6 g , Octolter12-November26,
1 9 3 5 , 1 9 9 0 ; F e b r u a r y7 , 1 9 3 6 ( F n r r z P l a u m a x N ) . P R R R r v R r I,

Sex?,broken,Boracea,S5o Paulo,altitucle900 rneters,April 13,'l'Ravnssos).
1942 (Ar-meloed
I
Epiphrogmo( Epiohrogma)nigripleuralisis quitedistinctfrom
the otherregionalmenrbersof the subgenus.
It is clo.sest
to E. (E.)
serristyla,sp. n., differingin the colorationof the body, legs andwings,and in the structureof the male hypopygiurn.
97. Epiphragmr(Epiphragmc)
reristyla,sp. n.

Mesonotalpraescutumwith the lateral bordersblackened,thedisk with four buffy stripes;thoracicpleurablack; antennaeshort,

20

PAPEIS AVULSOS

Vol. VII

I{." 1

knobsof halteresweaklyorange-yello.w;
black,the fusion-segment
coxaeblack,their tips abruptlypaleyellow;remainder
intuscated;of legs yellow, the f emorawith a dark brown subterminalring;basal spine; wings obscureclaws ( male) with a conspicuouswith brown,the markingsin part ocelbrownishyellow,patterneC
liform but not brokeninto dots; cell 2nd A with fronl six to eight
marginaldark areas,cell Cu rvith a singleone at near midlength;with yellow areas
abdominaltergitesdark brown,basal sternites
on posteriorportions;malehypopygiumwith the tergallobeslow,
separatedby a broad shallowemargination;o.uterdististylewith
a simplesinuous
serrate;interbase
its outermarginconspicuously
spine,its tip not recurved.
6 . - L e n g t ha, b o u t7 . 5 - 8m m , ;w i r r g .8 - 9 m m ; a n t e n n aa, b o u t
mm.
1.8-1.9I . Length,about8.5 mm.; wing, 8.5 nlnl.
Rostrumof male obscureyellow,of f emalentore blackened;shortin bothsexes;black,the f usion-segment
palpiblack.Antennae
involvinga partial f usion
f usion-segment
bright orange-yellow;
elongate.
subcylindrical,
outerflagellarsegntentsof threesegments;
Headwith centralportionof dorsumbrownishgra!, the front andorbits paler,mo'.eevidentlyso in the paratype.
Pro,notumbrown medially,patternedwith obscure yellow,
appearingas pairedspotson the scutum,the scutellummore uniwith the grounddark chestformly yellow.Mesonotalpraescutum
nut, almostblackenedon sides,with f our buffy yellow pollinose
by narrowblackishlines;in allotype,thestripesthat are separated
black lateralborderseven more extensive,involvingthe cephalicportion; scutumgoldenyellow pollinose,eachlobe with restricteC
cf notumsimilarlyyellorvpolareas;posteriorsclerites
blackenedlinose,more or less patternedwith darker,especiallythe lateraland the pleurotergite.
portionsof the mediotergite
and po.sterior
pieura chiefly blackened,the dorso-pleuralregion a trifle paler.
Haltereswith stem obscureyellow,knob weakly infuscated.Legs
the tips abruptlyand conspicuouslywith coxaechieflyblackened,pale yellow; trochantersyellow; f emora obscureyellow, the tips
narrowly cleareryellow, precededby a broaderdark bro.wnsubterminalring; remainderof legs yellow; claws (male) with long

8-xII-1945 -- New or little-know Tipulidae
c. P. ATExANDER

2lbasalspine(legsof femalebroken).Wingswith the groundobscure brownishyellow, with a heavy brown pattern that is in part
ocelliform,the ocellicenteredat arculus,origin of Rs and fork of
Mr*r, and less evidentlyover the cord; ceil 2nd A with from six
to eight marginalareas,cell /sf A with three or four; cell Cu
with a singledarkening,additionalto the terminalone; the darkenedareas at enCsof outer radial veins usually solid or withsmall pale centers;wing apex with small marginalspotsat ends
of veinsand with a few othersin the apicesof the cells,especiallyM, andMoi outer radial cellsanclbaseso.foutermedialonesmore
extensively
and unifo:mlysuffusedwith brown; no abundantsmaller dots in wing, as in adspersa,
juquicolaand others;veinsyellow,
somewhatdarkerin the patterneC
f ields.Venation: Supernumeraryvein in cell C aboutoppositetwo-thirdsto three-fourths
the length
0f Rs, the latter long, angulatedat origini Rr*r*nexceedingthreetimesthebasalsectionof Rr; veinRr*,perpendicular
at origin;veins
Rr*,and R* elongate,ratherclosetogetherand extendinggenerally
parallelto one another;cell Ist M, relativelylong, exceedingvein
Moi m-cu at from one-thirdto two-fifthsthe lengthof the cell.
Abdominaitergiteschiefly dark brown, the basal rings rrtrr
differentiated,the basalimpressions
only faintlyindicated;sternites
dark brown, the more pro.ximalsegmentswith yellow areasnear
their posteriorportions.Ovipositorwith genitalshjeld dark bruwn;
cercislender,stronglyupcurvedto the acutetips, hypovalvaedarkbrown.Male hypopygium(Fig. 9) darkened,with the tergallobes,
9t, separatedby an unusuallybroad an shallowemarginatlon,
thelobes brcadly obtuse.Basistylewith interbasalrods, i, slender,
sinuous,graduallynarrowedto the acute tips which are not recurved.Outer dististyle,od, flattened,the apex acuteand strongly
recurved;outermarginof stylewith four or five cons,picuousteeth;
surface of style with elongatescatteredsetaeover most of thelength.Inner dististylebroadly flattened,the apex obtuse,with
aboutfour long pale setae.
HoLotvee,A, Terez6polis,
Serrados OrgSos,Rio de Janeiro,
altitude 1O0Ometers,August 1942 (LEnlo Gorvrns); AlexaNDER
Coflection.ALLoTypE,? , Juqui6,altitude300 meters,February22,
l94l (Tnnvassos).PnRR'rver,A , Nova Teutonia,Santa Catari-

22

PAPEIS AVULSOS

Vol. VII -AlexnNna, altitude500 meters,Octqber18, 1935 (PlnurvrnNN);
DERCollection.
Epiphragma (Epiphragma) serristylais readily distinguishedfrom the other regionalspeciesso far made known by the patternof the legs and the structureof the male hypopygium,especially'l'henearestof suchrelatives
the ninth tergiteand outer dististyle.
is E. (E.) nigripleuralis,sp. n., which has a much paler wing
pattern and yellow legs, togetherrvith diff erencesin the malehypopygium.
rupplementa,sP. n.
98. Pseudolimnophilc

Size relativelylarge (wing, female,9 t*.) ; generalcoloration of thoraxyellowishbrown,with threedarkerbrown praescutal
stripes,the medianregionand outer bordersof the lateralstripes
still darker;antennaedark brown,the first flagellarsegnlentnrore
yellowedexceptat its outerend; pleurabuffy gra!, with two longitudinalblackstripes;legschieflyobscureyellow,the outertarsal
segmentspassinginto brown; wings yellowishbrown, restrictedly
patternedwith darker brown, appearingchiefly as seamsto theveins; Rs in longitudinalalignmentwith Rri Rr*r*nelongate,ar'in cellR. nearthe outercrossvein
cuatedat origin;a supernumeraryend; cellM, present;abdominaltergitesdark brown,the posteriorbordersof the segmentspaler; cerci elongate.
I . Length,about8 mm.; wing, I mm.
Frontal prolongationof head dark brown; palpi black. Antennaerelativelyshort,aboutone-halflongerthan the head;scapeand pediceldark brown, f irst f lagellar segmentobscureyellow
basally,the apex darker,remainderof f lagellumblack; f lagellar
thethe outer ones elongate-cylindrical;
segmentssubcylindrical,
with shortverticils,thesebecomingmuch
more proximalsegments
therebeing about one-fourthlonger
longeron the outersegments,
than the segments.Head brownish Eray, sornewhatclearer grayon the f ront and posteriororbits; a blackenedspot on anteriorvertex,the latter a little lessthan threetimesthe diameterof thescape.
Pronotumyellowishbrown in f ront, darker brown mediallyand behind.Mesonotalpraescutumyellowish brown, with three8-xII-1945 -C. P. ArexeNn

New or little-knowTiputidae

23

darker brown stripes,the outer bordersof the lateralstripesand
the medianline of the central area somewhatdarker; pseudosuturalfoveaentoderately
Iarge,darkened;scutumyellowishbrown,
the lobespatternedwith darkerhrown; scutellummoretestaceousbrown; postnotumgray pruinose,dark brown on posteriorborderof mediotergite
and caudaledgeof the pleurotergite.
Pleurabuffy
blackstripes,the dorsalonevery nar$raY,with two longitudinalrow, beginningabovethe fore coxae,becomingobsoleteat the
cephalicborderof the pteropleurite;
ventralstripesomewhat
wider
but broken,involvingthe ventralsternopleurite,a weak areaon
meronand a largerone surroun,dingthe posteriorspiracle;dorsopleuralmembranelight brown.Haltereswith stemobscureyellow,
knob weaklydarkened.
Legs with the coxaeyellowishtestaceous,the fore pair, in cases,more darkened;trochanters
yellow; remainderof legsobscureyellow,the outertarsalsegments
passing
into brown;clawssmall.Wings (Fig.5) with the groundyellowish
brown, the prearcularand costalfields a tritle cleareryellow; arestrictedclarkerbrown pattern,includingthe stigmaand areas
over the origin and fork of Rs, remainderof cord, outer end ofcell Ist M", fo,rksof Rr*r*n,
and Mr*r, the supernumerarycrossveinin cellR, andvery indistinctly
as marginalcloudson certainveinsand seamsalongRs and R*; a duskywash in cellMn; veinsyellowishbrown or light brown,darkerin the patternedareas,more
yellowedin the brightened: Sc, endingabout
costalf ield.Venation
oppositemidlengtho,f the elongatebasal sectionof vein R' Sc,a short distancefrom its tip; Rs almostin longitudinalalignment
with Rri Rr*r*nelongate,about one-halflongerthan the basal section of Ro, arcuatedat origin; a supernumerarycrossveinin cellR. at near three-fourths
the length; cell 2nd R, widened;cell M,
nearlytwice its petiole;m-cu nearlyone-halfits lengthbeyondthe
fork of M; anteriorarculuspresent.
Abdominaltergitesdark brown, the posteriorborderspaler,
producingill-defined rings, especiallyevidenton tergitestwo tosix, inclusive;outer tergitesmore uniformly darkened; sternites
moreuniformlypale.Ovipositorwith the cerciunusuallylong andslender,gentlyupcurved.

24

PAPEIS AVULSOS

Vol. VII

N." 1

HototYPn,9 , RibeirioPires,BarreiradasCam6lias,
Novemb e r l 9 4 l ( D ' A r v u c o ) . P e R a r o p o r y pI Eg, .

Despitethe presenceof a supernumerarycrossveinin cell R,of thewings,usuallyconsiCereda subgenericcharacterin this tribeof Tlipulidae,there seemsto be no questionbut that the present
fly is closelyallied to Pseudolimnophila
megalopsAlexander1942,
likewiseof southeastern
Brazil. This latter fly lacks this crossvein
and furtherdiffersin importantdetailsof colorationand venation.
In the Ethiopianfaunawherethe genusPseudolimnophila
Alexander is very rich in species,a few have a supernumerarycrossvein
as in the presentfly and for theseforms the subgenusCalolimnop,hilaAlexanderwas proposed.

99. Polymera(Polymere)regina Alexander1926.
Porto C a b r a l , O c t o b e r9 - 1 6 , l 9 4 l ( T n n v n s s o s ) .H i t h e r t o
only from Paraguay.
100. H exatoma(E'iocera)cabrclensis,sp. n.
Size small (wing, male,6.6 mm.); generalcoloratio.n
black,
the headabovechieflyfiery orange;antennaewith the scapeobscure orange,pedicel dark brown, f lagellumblack; halteresandlegs black; wings with a strong blackishtinge; macrotrich
ia ofveinssparse;Sc short,Sc, endingoppositeor just beforethe forkof Rs; R, beforethe outer fork of Rs, R, a little shorterthan Rr*ni
abdomenblack, the terminaltwo segmentsabruptlyorange.
a . L e n g t h ,a b o u t6 . 5 m m . ; w i n g , 6 . 6 m m . ; a n t e n n aa, b o u t
1 . 2 5m m .
Rostrunrvery short,brown, mouthpartsand palpi black. Antennae( male) 7-segmented,
short; scapeobscureorange,pedicel
dark brown, flagellumblack; first flagellar segmentabout onethird longerthan the succeeding
two combined,
the latter subequal
to one anotherin length;f ourth segmentagain longer,about onef lagellarsegmentswith long half longer than the terminalone;coarsesetaebut no spines.Head abovefiery orange,more infuscated beneathand on sidesof posteriorvertex; vertical tubercle
only moderatelyprotuberent,entire.
Prothoraxblack, the sides,includingpleura,brownish gray

8-XII-19 46 -- New or little-know Tipulidae
C. P. Ar.r,n,ervoER

25

pruinose.Mesonotalpraescutumand scutum polishedblack, thesetaesparsebut erectand conspicuous;
posteriorscleritesof notum black, more pruinose.Pleurablack, the surfacesparselypruinose; dorsopleuralmembranedark. Halteres short, uniformly
blackened.
Legs with coxaeblack,sparselypruinose;remainderof
Iegs chiefly black, the f emoral bases,especiallyof 'the fore andmiddlelegs,narrowlyyellow;claws (male) with a long basalspine.
Wings (Fig. 6) with a strongblackishtinge,the prearcularandcostalfields slightly more darkened;vaguedark seamsalong Rs,
anteriorcord and over most of vein Rri veins brown, M and theouter fork of Rs pale and delicate.Macrotrichiaof veins beyond
cord, excludingR,, restrictedto a seriesover the entire lengthof distal sectionof vein Rr. Venation: Sc relativelyshort, Sc,
endingoppositeor just beforethe fork of Rs, Sc, closeto its tip;
Rs relativelylong, weakly angulatedat origin, nearlytwice Rr*rnniR, before the outer radial f ork, a little shorterthan Rr*nor R,*,icell R, at margina trifle more extensive
than cell Rri cell I st M,
shorterthan the distal sectionof vein ,Mr,r; nt-tcuabout one-third
to one-fo.urth
its lengthbeyondthe fork of M;m-cu a little longer
than the distal sectionof Cur.
Abdomenpolishedblack,the eighthand ninth segments
abruptly orange;basal tergal rings nos differentiatedin color.
HoLotven, A, Porto Cabral,Alto Parani River,March 1944

(Tnnvnssos
d Cannenn).

'l-hemost similarspeciesis the still insufficiently
known Hexotoma (Eriocera)f laviceps(Wiedemann1828), describedf rom
an unknown locality in Brazil. This differs conspicuously
in theuniformlyblackeneC
antennaeand abdomen,includingthe hypopygium.
t l)t .

Atrrbr (Atuba) bilurculaAlexander1931.

Juqui6,altitude300 meters,February 22, I 941 ( TnnvASSos).
102. Atcrbc (Atarba) longitergcta,
Sp. n.

Generalcolorationof mesonotumyellowishbrown, unpatterned; antennae(male) relativelyshort,basalflagellarsegmentsbicolored.brown, the basesmore narrowlyyellow; legs yellow, the26

PAPEIS AVULSOS

Vol. VII

N.o 1

wings fulvousyellow,unpatternblackened;outertarsalsegments
ed; Sc short,Sc, endingoppositeorigin of Rs,' branchesof Rs
rather stronglydivergentat outer ends so cell R, at margin isnearlythreetimesas extensiveas Rri abdomenyellowishbrown,with a broad black subterminalring; male hypopygiumwith thewidestappendageof tergite unusuallylong and conspicuous,acrossthe base,narrowestjust behindthe acutedivergenthorns;
outer dististyleentirelyblackened,the outer margin with about
as f lattened
appearing
sevenspinesof varioussizes;gonapophyses
pale bladeswith obtuselyroundedtips, the outer margin withpale spines.
abundantmicroscopic
6 . Length,about 6 mm.; wing, 5.5 mm.; antenna,about
2.1 mm.
Rostrumbrownishyellow; palpi brown. Antennaerelatively
short; scapeand pedicelyellow,basal nine or ten f lagellarsegmentsweaklybicolored,yellow basally,the remainderbrown,thethe terntinal
on outer segments,
amountof pale color decreasing
ones uniformly darkened;f lagellarsegmentslong-oval,the outerones progressivelyshorter, the terminal one smallest. Headbrownishyellow.
Pronotumbrown. Mesonotumpale yellowishbrown, unpatterned,the surfaceopaque;pleura cleareryellow. Haltereswith
stemyellow,knob weaklydarkened.Legswith the coxaeand trochanterslight yellow; remainderof legs yellow,the outer tarsal
Wings tingedwith
segmentsblackened;tibial spurs conspicuous.
f ulvousyellow,the prearcularand costalf ields cleareryellow; no: Sc, ending
stigmal or other darkenings;veins yellow.Venation
oppositeorigin of Rs, Sc, somedistancefrom its tip, Sc, aboutfour-fif ths as long as Rs, the latter angulatedat origin; branchesof Rs virtuallyparallelto oneanotheron basalhalf, thencestrongly
as celldivergent,cell R. at marginnearlythreetimesas extensive
shorterthan any of the veinsbeyond
Rri cell Ist M, subquadrate,it, veins at both ends of the cell very faint to scarcelyvisible;
m-cu a short distancebeforethe fork of M.
Abdominaltergitesyellowishbrown, narrowlyblackenedlaterally; sternitesclearer yellow; segmentsseven and eight, with
subterforming a conspicuous
the posteriorhalf of six, blackenecl,
minal ring; hypopygiumchiefly yellow.Male hypopygium(Fig.

8-XII-19'45-- New or little-know Tipulidae
C. P. ATaxANDER

27l0) with the appendage
of the tergite,9t, unusuallylong andconspicuous,its length exceedingtwice the width across base;outer lateral anglcsproducedinto acute pale horns that are directedchiefly laterad;posteriorborder of lobe gently emarginate;sides subparallel,the structure widest at base, narrowestjust
behindthe horns.Outerdististyle,od, entirelyblackened,
the outermarginwith aboutsevenspinesof varioussizes,somemuchstronger
than others,the outermostlonger than the small curvedterminal(\r axial spine.Inner dististylesubequalto or a trifle longerthan
the outer style, gently curved,narrow, darkenedthroughout.Gonapophyses,
g, appearingas flattenedpale blades,the tips obtusely rouncled,
the outer or lower edgewith abundantmicroscopic
pale spines,thesecontinuedalnrostto the apex but becomingmore
sparsebut erect.Aedeagus,o, elongate,jutting beyondall otherelementsof the hypopygiunr,in slide nrquntsappearingsubsegmenteC,with two transverseridges or constrictions.
HoLotvee, I , Juqui6,altitude40 nreters,
April 7, 1940 lTnnv n s s o s ) ; A l e x n N D E RC o l l e c t i o nt r o u g h C a R R n n a .
The presentfly is readilytold by the unusuallengthand theshapeof the appendage
of the ninth tergite,as well as by other

The nearest
detailsof structureof the male hypopygium.
. allies
appearto be Atarba (Atarba) brevicornis
Alexander1929,of Paraguay,and A. (A.) variispinaAlexander1938,of southeastern
Brazil.
Alexander 1922.
103. Atcrbr (Atarbc) punctiscutc
d TnnBoracea,altitude900 meters,April 13, 1943 (At-tvtEIDA

vnssos).
(Eleohantomyia)
sp. n.
104. Elephantomyia
iuquienris,Size relativelysmall (wing, male,6.5 mm.); rostrumnearly
as long as remainderof body; thorax and abdomenalmost uniformly pale yellow, the former without pattern; Iegs yellow orbrownishyellow; wings with a brownishyellow tinge, the stigma
pale brewn, inconspicuous;
a little
cell /sf M, short-rectangular,
shorter than vein Mn beyond it; mlcu at near midlengthof cell

28

PAPEIS AV.!I$95

Vol. VIIN." 1/s/ M, longerthan the distal sectionof Crr; male hypopygiumwith the dististyles
slightlysubterminalin position;basistylewitha denselyseiferousareaon mesalface; outerdististyleglabrous,
bidentateat apex; inner dististylenearlystraight;penefilumlong
and relativelyslender.
6 . - Length,excludingrostrum,about6 mm.; wing, 6.5 mm.;rostrum,about 5.3 mm.
'Rostrumonly a little shorter than the body, dark brown.
Antennaemoderatelylong; scapevery small,brown; pedicellarger, dark brown; f lagellumdark brown basally,somewhatpaler
outwardly;thriteenflagellarsegments,
the first conical;succeeding
segmentselongate,with very long verticils.Head with the fro.nt,
vertexand broadorbitslight gray,the posteriorvertexand occiput
light brown; anteriorvertexrelativelynarrow,about equalto thediameterof the scape.
Prothorax and mesothoraxalmost uniformly pale yellow,
withoutpattern.Halterespale.Legswith the coxaeand trochanterspale yellow; remainderof legs yellow or brownishyellow, theouter tarsalsegmentsa trifle darker;tibial spurslacking.Wings
with a brownishyellowtinge,the prearcularand costalfieldsclearer yellow; stigma oval, pale brown inconspicuous;veins palebrown, more brownishyellow in the brighteneC:
f ields.Venation
Sc, endinga short distancebeforethe fr'.'kof Rs, longerthan Scr;
Rs stronglyarcuatedat origin; branchesof Rs nearly paralleltc
one anotherfor about two-rthirds
their lengths,thenceslightly divergent;cell Ist M, short-rectangular,a little shorterthan veinMn
beyondit; m-cu at midlengthof cell Ist M, longerthan the distal
sectionof Cur; cell2nd A moderatelywide.
Abdomenyellow,narrowlymoredarkened
on sides;no evident
darkersubterminal
ring, as is commonin the genus;h.vpopygium
yellow. Male hypopygium( Fig. I I ) with the basistyle,b, lcng
and slender,narrowedto the obtuseapex which bears relatively
few but long setae;outer face of style back from this apex glabrotts;mesalfacewith an elongateareaof conspicuous
erectsetae,
the ntoredistalonessmallerand moredelicate.Dististylesslightiy
subterminalin position;outerstyle,od, slender,sinuous,glabrous,
bispinousat apex,the axial spinea little stouterthan the outersubterminalone. Inner dististyle,id, longer that the outer, nearly

&XII-194:5 -- New or little-know Tipulidae
C. P. Arax.{,NDER

29

straight, elongate,the tip obtuseor constrictednear apex (thefigure shows two aspects of the style). Interbase,i, elongate,
broad-based,
the apex expandedinto a flattenedhyalineblade,thecephalicborder of the stem similarlymembranous.
Penefilum,pe,long and relativelyslenderbut not as accentuatedas in tenuissima
and someothers.
HoLotyee, 6 , J'uqui6,altitude400 meters,Novemberl g40(Tnnvnssos).
'l-hemost similar speciesis Elephantomyia(Elephantomyia)
boliviensisAlexander1930,still known only from the femalesex.
'thislatter differs in its larger size and in detailsof colorationof the abdomen,as well as in venation,as the gently arcuatedRs
and slightly more elongatecell I st ,M, and vein 2nd A.

ERIOPTERINI(Sismatomcrc)
105. Sigmrtomcru
occultaAlexander1914.

PortoCabral,March1944(Tnnvassos
c CnnnERA).
Described
from Paraguay.
106

Sigmatomelc(Sigmotomerc)
varicornigAlexander
1936.

I brokenspecimen,
Serra da Cantareira,altitude900 meters,
December1940 ( GuIMARAES
d TRnvnssos). Rearedf ro.mlarvae
found in Bronreliads
at Sio Paulo,July l, 1943,by JonN LANn,.
'lheauthorscollection.
collectorwrites"The larvaemakea tunnel
on the sidesof the dish and the adultsemergefrom the free endof this".
The literatureon the biologyof membersof this genusshould
be consulted.
( * ) From this it will be noted that the immature
stagesof certain speciesoccur in wet vegetabledetritusin treeholeswhile others f requentcomparablehabitatsin the leaf-axilsof coarseterrestrialLiliaceousplants of the genus Astelia. The
occurrenceof the developmental
stages in Brorneliadshad not(*)
AtrxaNnen, C. P. The genus Sigmmtomera Osten Sacken, withobservations on the biology by RavuoNn C. SnaNNoN. Encl'cl. Ent., Diptera,
6 : 1 5 5 - 1 6 2 ,8 f i g s . ; 1 9 3 0 .
Ar,sxA,Nnrn, C. P. Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. Part I - Craneflies, pp. L-240, L2 pls., 3 text-figures (reference on p. 1?8); lg2g.

30

PAPEIS AVULSOS

Vol. VII

N.o 1

by Edwardsin
been definitely recordedbut had been suspected
the case of the Chilean speciesSigmatom,era(Aiustrolimnobia)
maiae (Alexanderl92g). Particularreferenceshouldbe made toon thethe Alexander1930paper with the importantobservations'l'heselarvae are carnivorousf eedinghabits made by Shannon.
and consumegreat quantitiesof mosquitolarvaeand presumably
other organismsliving in the samehabitat.
(Pcratropesr)
Alexander1936.
nigrocoxalis
107. Tcucholabis.
Porto Cabral,November1941 (Tnnvnssos)(Teuchohbis)
ansustapicalis
Alexander193E.
108. Tcucholabis).
Juqui6,altitude40 meters,April 7, 1940 ('l'nnvassos(Teucholabis)
sanguinea
Alexander1938.
109. Tcucholabis

Juqui6,altitude4C0 nteters.Novetttber1940 ('f nnvnssos).
In the presentsnrallseriesthere is a rather surprisingrange inof the sternalpocketon the fifth abdothe degreeof developnrent
in othersin the nrale,in sonrebeingrvell-developed,
minalsegnrent
virtuallylacking.
hirsuta(Alexander1913).
110. Ncognophomyia
d TnaBoracea,altitude900 nreters,
April 13, 1942(Ar-rvrelDA
vASSoS).

( E r i o p t e r cc) a l c i a ,s p . n .
1l 1. Erioptera

Allied to annulipes;generalcolorationbrown, patternedwith
bandedwith
gray; knobsof halteresblackened;legsconspicuously
black and white,the former nruchexceedingthe latter in amount;femorawith threeblack rings,the outermostannulusnearlyapicalin position;tibiaewith four broad black rings that alternatewith
f our narrowwhite ones;basitarsidark at both ends,morenarrowly
pale in the centralportioni wings with the entire disk relatively
by whitishmarginalspots,includinga morevariegateddark bror,vn,
costal series,the light and dark areas subequalinconspicuous
extent;smallerwhite spots in outer ends of cells R' Ro,Mr, ful,

8-XII-1946 -C. P. Alrx.rNoER-

New or little-know Tipulidae

31

and Cu; cell M, open by the atrophyof m; vein 2nd A gently
sinuouson its outerthird.
g . - Length,about4 mm.;wing,4 nlm.
Rostrum brown; palpi dark brown. Antennaewith basal
segmentsbrownishblack; remainderbroken; proximal f lagellar
segmentsoval. Head dark colored,discoloredin type.
Pronotum and mesonetuntalmost uniformly dark brown,
discoloredin the unique type anC evidentlyin f resh speclmens
gray with brown pattern; scutellunrpaler. Pleura brown, with aweak paler longitudinalstripe,presumablynruchmore distinctin
fresh specimens.
Haltereswith stemyellow,knob blackened.Legs
with the fore coxaedark brown, the renrainingcoxae and alltrochanters
moretestaceous
yellow;femorayellowwith threeblackrings, theseexceedingthe pale groundareas,the broad outermost
dark ring nearly apical; tibiae with f our black rings alternatingwith f our white ones;basalblack ring narrow,the othersvery
broadand nearlyequalto one anotherin extent,eachfrom three
to. f our tinres the interveningwhite rings, which again are ofvirtuallyequalextent;basitarsibroadlyblackened
at etherend,with a slightlynarrowercentralpale ring; secondtarsalsegment
pale,theouterthird and renrainderof tarsiblackened.
Wings (Fig.
12) with an unusuallystrong and uniform dark brown tinge,
variegatedby whitishmarginalspots,the costalseriesnrostextensive, alternatingwith subequaldarkeneCmarkings; very small

whitishmarginalspotsin outerendsof cellsR' Ro,M, M, andCu,very reducedto scarcelyevidentin cellsR,,and ,Mnicentralportionof disk unvariegated;veins brown, the trichia still darker; interspacesof veinsC, Sc and R light yellow; costalfringe conspicuous,alternatingyellowand black.Venation:Cell M, openby the atrophyof m; vein 2nd A gentlysinuouson its outerthird.
Abdominal tergitesbrown, darker on lateral anC posterior

p o r t i o n s sternites;
more uniformly brownish yellow. Ovipositor
with cerci elongate,yellowishhorn color.
HoLotvee, g, Boracea,altitude 90O meters,April 13, 1942
(AlrvreLDA& TRnvnssos).

Erioptera(Erioptera)aglaia is closerto the AntilleanE. (E.)

32

PAPEIS AVULSOS

Vol. VIIN.o 1

annulipesWilliston 1896than it is to speciessuchas E. (8.) cladophoro Alexander l92O or E. (^E.) t:lado
phoroidesAlexander
1921,havinvein2nd A stronglysinuousand moreor lessbranched.
'l'hepresentfly is readilytold by its somewhatdistinctiveleg andwing patterns.In the WinthemCollectionof the ViennaMuseuntthereis a fragmentaryspecimen
from Brazil,without furtherdata( labelledonnulipes)that seemsunquestionably
to representthis
new species.
1 1 2 . E r i o p t e r a( E r i o p t e r ac) l e d o p h o ' aA l e > , a n d e1r 9 2 0 .

Juquiii,altitude300 meters,February22, l94l (Tnavassos).
Formerlyfrom AmazonianBrazil (Manaos).
113. Eriopterr(Erioptera)r ultiannulctc
Alexander 1937.

Boracea,altitude900 meters,April 13, 1942(Ar-rrnerDAd TnavASSoS).
Il4.

Erioptera(Merocyphons)cuph'osyne
sp. n.

Allied to im,m:aculata;
praescutumand scutumconspicuousiy
patterned;antennalf lagellumpale; f emora yellow, the fore andmiddlepairswith a singledark ring, the posteriorfemorawith twosuch annuli;wings with a strongbrownishtinge,restrictedly
patternedwith darker brown :rnd whitish subhyaline;male hypopygium lvith the dististylethree-branched,
the axial arm microscopically toothedalong u,pperedge; outer branchnarrowedinto a
powerful spine providedwith delicatesetulaeas its base; third
elongatepaddle-likeblade at extremebase of dististyle;gonapophysessimple,blackened,
the outer margin of distal half conspicuouslyhairy.
6.

Length,about 3 mm.; wing 3.2-3.3mm.

I .

Length,about3.5 mm.;wing, 3.5 mm.

Rostrumand palpi black.Antennaewith scapeand pedicelblack,flagellumabruptly paler, obscureyellow or pale brownishyellow.
Headdark brown,the fro.ntand posteriororbitsvery narrowlygray.
Pronotumbuffy yellow above,narrowly darkenedon sides,
the extremebor,deryellow; pretergitesnarrowly yellow. Mesonotal

8-xII-1945 -- New or little-know Tipulidae
C. P. AT,cxANDER

33

praescutumdark brown with three paler brown to buffy brown
stripes,the dark interspaces
becomingobsoletesomedistancebef ore suture so the whole posteriorportion of praescutumis pale
brown; scutallobesuniformlybuffy brown; scutellummore testaceousyellow; mediotergitedark brown, more or lessevariegatedwith paler. Pleura and pleurotergiteconspicuously
striped with
obscurebrownishwhite on a brownishblack ground; dorsalblack
stripe narrow,the ventralone very extensivebut a little paler,especiallyon the nleron; dorsopleuralregion pale. Halteresyellow,
in caseswith the knobsvery insensiblydarker.Legswith the coxae
brownishblack, the rentaininscoxae and all trochanterspaler;rentainderof legsyellow,the femorawith a narrowbrownishblack
subterminalring, on posteriorf enrorawith two such annulimore
or lessindicated.
Wings with a ratherstrongbrownishtinge,nlore
or less patterned,includingslightly darker areas at stigma andalong cord, togetherwith extensivesubhyalinenrarkingson disk
both before and beyondthe cord; prearcularand costalf ieldssomewhat cleareryellow than the ground;veins pale brownishyellow
to yellow,slightlydarkerin the patternedareas.Venation:Typicalof the subgenus;m-cu almosttransverseto the wing length; vein
2nd A long,
long,thethe distalthird slightlysinuous.
Abdomenbrownishblack,subterminalsegmentsbrorvnishyel-

Iow; hypopygium
moreintensely
blackened.
Malehypopygium(Fig.
l5) with the dististyle,d, distinctive,
three-branched;basestrongly
swollen,thenceconstricted,
themainaxisa flattened
narrowpaddle
with its dorsalor outer edgemicroscopically
toothed,the morebasaldenticles
acuteand appressed,
the outeronesbecoming
smaller and more obtuse,thoseat apex merely crenulate;at near
midlengthof style,the powerfulsecondbrancharises,its proximal
two-fifthsstouter,the remaindernarrowedinto a strongglabrousspine,at baseof latterwith conspicuous
setae;third brancharising
at extremebaseof styleon lower or inner edge,appearingas along simplerod that very graduallywidensinto a blade,its apex
broadlyobtuse.Conapophysis,g, singleon eitherside,appearing
as a simpleblackened
rod, the outer marginof distalhalf conspicuouslyhairy, the acuteapex slightlytwisted.
HototypE, A, Juqui6,altitude40O meters,October5, 1940

FAPEIS AVULSOS

34

Vol. VIIN." 1(Tnavnssos).AlloroPorYPE, I , on pin with type. PanlropoCollection.
TYPES,
2 g g ; AInxRNDER
is readilytold from theeuphrosyne
Erioptera(Mesocyphono)other regionalmembersof the subgenusby the structureof themost like E. (M.) bicinctipes
It is superficiallymalehypopygium.
enaAlexander1923,yet entire1I I 3, or E. (M.) f usciv
Alexancler
ly distinct.
Alexander1923.
furcivena(Mrrocychona)115. Erioptera
Serra da Cantareira,altitude900 meters,December1940
Formerlyfrom Paraguayand northern(GurrvrenAns
c TRnvnssos).
Argentina.
116. Erioptera(Mcrocyphonc)thalic,sP-n.
Allied to immaculota;mesonotalpraescutumreddish brownwith a more or lessdistinctdarker medianstripe; thoracicpleura
reddishbrown, stripedlongitudinallywith yellow; knobsof halteres brownishblack; wings rich brown, the stigmalregion slightly
thedarker; male hypopygiumwith the dististylethree-branched,longestor axial arm very slender;outer branchentirelyblackened,
its outer face setulose,the tip with two strong spines; gonapophysespale yellow, slightly constrictedbefore the f eebly dilated
obtusetips.
6.

Length,about2.8 mm.; wing, 3 mm.

Rostrumand palpi back. Antennaewith scapeand pedicel
especiallythe outer ones,a trifle paler.
black, flagellarsegments,
Head brown.
Pronotum dark brown, the lateral border narrowly yellow,
continuousvrith the dorsal pleural stripe. Mesonotalpraescutum
dark reddishbrown, with a more or less distinct,narrow,darker,
foveaemedianstripe,the lateralbordersbehindthe pseudosutural
likewisea little darker;scutallobesreddishbrown, the mesaledge
a little darker; medianregionof scutumand the scutellumchiefly
obscureyellow, the latter vaguelydarkenedmedially;parascutella
and mediotergitemore reddishbrown. Pleura reddishbrown, withlongitudinalyellow stripes,the morer two narrow but conspicuous

8-XII-1946 -- New or little-kno.wTiputidae
C. P. ATcxANDER

35

ventralone beginnigbehindthe fore coxae,extendingto the baseof abdomen,passingbeneaththe root of halteres,bordered bydarkerbrown; dorsalpale stripeincludingthe dorsopleuralmem_brane and adjoiningdorsalmarginsof the pleura.Haltereswith
stent yellow, knob brownish black. Legs with the fore coxae
blackened,the remainingcoxae and all trochantersyellow; remainderof legs broken.Wings with a rich brownishtinge, thecostalportionntoreyellowed;stigmalregionweaklydarkerbrown;
remainingveinsbeyondcord very weakly borderedby the ground,leavingsontewhatnaler streaksin the cells;veins pale yellowish
brown, the ntacrotrichia
a trifle darker;veinsrelativelystout.Venation: Cell M, open by atrophyof basalsectionof M".
Abdonren,includinghypopygium,brownishblack. Male hypopygium(Fig. l4) with the dististyle,d, three-branched,
the axial
arm unusuallylong and slender,very graduallynarrowedto theacutetip, yellow,the apicalthird more darkened;both additional
branchesarising from extremebase of the axis, the outer one
entirely blackened,extendingto midlengthof the main branchor a trifle beyond,its tip subtruncate
and with two spinouspoints,
the outer surface with microscopic
setulae;the inner third arm
smallest,
appearingas a delicateyellowrod that is graduallynarrowed to the subacutetip, the arm only about one-thirdas longas the main branch.Gonapophysis,g, pale yellow,weakly expanded ond proximal two-thirds,thenceconstricted,
terminatingin afeebly expandedobtuseapical head that is slightly darkened.
HoLotypE,d, Juqui6,altitude40 meters,April 7, 1940(Tnavassos); AlexnxDERCollectionthroughCnRReRn.
Erioptera (Mesocyphona)thalia,while generallysimilarto theother regionalspeciesthat are allied to E. (M.) im'maculata
Alexander 1913,is quite distinctin the vario.us
detailsof structureof
the male hypnpygium,especiallythe dististyleand gonapophysis.
ll7.

Erioptcrr(Merocyphonc)triangularis
sp. n.

Allied to imm,oculata,
mesonotalpraescutumalmostuniformly
dark brown, the medianregionwith a grayishstripe,the scutellunr
broadly yellow; thoracicpleura striped longitudinallywith grayon a dark brorvnground;knobsof halteresdarkened;Iegsyellow,

36

PAPEIS AVULSOS

Vol. VII -N." 1

the fore and middlefemorawith a signlebrown subterminalring,
the posteriorf entorawith two narrow dark annuli; wings alnrost
uniformly dark brown; male hypopygiunr
with the dististylethreebranched,the axial arm stout,forking into two slenderblades,theouter one producedinto a powerful triangularspine, the outersurfacedistad of this point with microscopicconical spinulose
points; third branch of dististylea long powerful spine arisingnear baseoJ style;a singlepair of gonapophyses,
eachappearing
as a powerfulblackenedrod, its outersurfacewith a row of shortdelicatesetulae.
6 . b L e n g t h ,a b o u t2 . 5 n l m . ; w i n g , 2 . 7 m m .
g.

Length,about 3 nlm.; wing, 3.3 mm.

Head dark brown,the front and orbits gray.
Pronotumbrownish gray, patternedsublaterallywith darker,
the lateralbordersnarrowlyyellow.Mesonotalpraescutunr
almostuniformlydark brown,the usualpatternvery indistinct,appearing
as a mediangrayishstripeagainstthe dark ground;scr-rtunr
chiefly
dark brown; scutellunrbroadly yellow; postnotumdark brown.
Pleuradark brown,with a broad graylongitudinalstripeextending
from behindthe fore coxaeto the halteres;dorsopleuralmentbrane
pale.Halteresobscureyellow,knob darkened.Legswith the coxae
and trochantersbrownishtestaceous,the fore pair darker;f emora
obscureyellow, with a single brown subterminalring on f ore
and middlelegs,two sucltringson the posteriorfemora;remainderof legs yellow.Wings with an almostuniform light brown tinge,
the prearcularand costalregionsa little more yellow; veins pale
brown. Venation:Cell M" open by the atrophy of basal sectionof Mr; vein 2nd A only moderatelysinuouson distal fourth.
Abdomen,includinghypopygium,brownishblack. Male hypopygium(Fig. l3) with the dististyle,d, distinctive;three-branch€d, the axial trunk stout,forking at or shortlybeyondmidlength
into two elongate-f
lattenednarrowblades,slightlyseparated;outerblade near its origin producedinto a powerful triangularspine,
the oter surfacedistadfrom this with microscopic
conicalspinulose points, erect or evenslightly retrorse,apparentlyin a double
rowl lower blade nlore slender;third arm a long powerfulspine,
graduallynarrowedto the acutetip, entirelyglabrous,arising near

8-xII-194b -c. p. AT'xANDER

New or little-know Tipuridae

37base of style on outer margin.Gonapophysis,g, singleon eitherside, appearingas a powerful blackenedrod from anenlargedbase, graduallynarrowedto the acute tip, the outer surfaceof
distal two-thirdswith a row of short, exceedinglydelicate,pale
setuIae.
HoLotveE, 6 , Serra da Cantareira,altitudeg00 meters,Decemberl94o ( GurmaRAes& Tnevessos)g.
. Ar-LoTopoTypE,
Although generallysimilar to speciessuch as Erioptera (Mesocyphono) intmaculstaAlexanderI I 13 and E. (M.) bicinctipes
Alexander1913,the presentf ly is quite distinctin the structureof the male hypopygium,particularly the dististyleand the gonapophysis.
11ft. Molophilus(Molophilus)integrirtylus,
sp. n.
Belongsto the ptagiatusgroup; size relativelysmall (wing,
male,unded4 mm.); generalcolorationreddishbrown,the dorsal
pleuritessomewhatdarkerl antennae(male) of nroderatelength,
the moreproxintalflagellarsegmentswith unusually long verticils;
legs obscureyellow;wings brownishyellow;m-cu a little shorter
than the petioleof cellMr; abdomendark brown, the hypopygium
a little brighter;male hypopygiumwith the basal dististylea simple, nearly straight blackenedrod that is narrowedgraduallyto
the acutespinoustip; phallosomicstructurea setiferouscushion,
its apex deeplyemarginate;aedeagusconspicuously
dilatedat near
midlength.
6 . Length,about 3.5-4 mm.; wing, 3.8-4.4mm.; antenna,a b o u tl . l - 1 . 3 m m .
Rostrumand palpi back.Antennae(male) of moderatelength,
as shownby the measurements;
scapeand pedicelbrownishyellow,
flagellumbrown; flagellar segmentslong-oval,the more proximal
and intermediatesegmentswith unusuallystrong and powerful
black verticils,on flagellarsegmentsthreeto five, inclusive,theseapproximatelythree times the length of the segments.Head lightyellowishbrown.
Pronotumand pretergiteswhitish.Mesonotumchieflyreddish
brown,withoutdistinctpatternlhumeralregionof praescutum
more

PAPEIS AVULSOS

38

Vol. VIIN." 1black,erect.Pleura
yellowed;setaeof scutumlong and conspicuous,
obscureyellow,the ,dorsalpleuritesslightly more
and pleurotergite
darkened.Halteresyellow. Legs with the coxae and trochanters
yellow; remainderof legs obscureyellow,terminaltarsal segments
more infuscated;dilatedsubbasalring of fore tibiaea little darker
than remainderof segment.Wings obscurebrownishyellow,clearer yellow at base and in proximal costal f ields; veins brownish
yellow,macrotrichiabrown. Venation:r-m beforethe levelof Rr,'
m-cu gently sinuous,a little shorterthan the petioleof cell M"ivein2nd A relativelylong,endingaboutoppositemidlengthof m.cu.
Abdo.mendark brown,the hypopygiumbrighteningto brownish
yellow or obscureyellow. Male hypopygium(Fig. l6) with theb, simple,relativelystout,its basesurrounded
beakof the basistyle,setae.Other dististylewith theby unusuallylong and conspicuousvery unequalin size and shape,the innerother arms blackened,a long,traight,fingerlikelobe; outerarm a broadlyflattenedblade,its apex truncate.Basal dististyle,bd, a sintple,nearly straight,
blackenedrod, narrowedgradually to an acute spine; surface
with relatiyelyfew snrall and scatteredpunctures.Phallosome,P,cushinon,the apex with a deepU-shapednotch,thea depressed
togetherw ith smallersetae
surface with long setoidextensions,dilatedjust
and setulae.Aedeagusrelativelyshort,conspicuously
before midlength.
Hol.otyee, c , Boracea,altitude900 meters,April 13, lg42

(Ar-rueron
d Tnnvassos).PnnarypE,I , Nova Teutonia,Santa
May 15, 1939(Fntrz PlnumANN).
Catarina,altitude500 nteters,'l"hemost similarregionalspeciesof the group havingthe
phallosomicstructurean emarginatesetiferouscushionare Mo'
Alexander1937 and M. (M.)
tophilus(Molophilus)emorginatus
in the structure
hystrixAlexander1939,whichdiff er conspicuously
particularlythe basalpair.
of the dististyles,
1l9. Molophilus(Molophilur)hystrixAlexander1939.
Boracea,altitude900 meters,April 13, lg42 (AlrvrrlDA& l'navASSoS).

8-XII-1946 -C. P. ArrxeunER -New or little-know Tioulidae

39120. Molophilur(Molophilur)louri,sp. n.
Belongsto the gracilisgroup and subgroup;generalcr;loration of mesonotumreddishbrown, the pleura darker; antennae(male) of moderatelength,the more proximalflagellarsegmentswith long, unilaterallyarrangedverticils;wings grayish;male hypopygiumwith the basaldististylea stronglycurvedrod, the mesaledge bearingtwo brushesof setae;phallosomea dqpressed-f
lattenedblackened
plate,nearthe apex on eithersideof midlinewitha strong, inwardly-directed
spine.
6 . h L e n g t h ,a b o u t3 . 5 m m . ; w i n g , 4 . 1 m m . ; a n t e n n aa, b o u t
1 . 2m m .
Rostrumand palpi black.Antennaeof moderatelength;scapeand pedicelbrownishyellow;basaltwo segmentsof flagellumobscure yellow,the remainderpassinginto black; f lagellarsegments
subcylindrical,
the verticilsof the basal segmentsvery long andconspicuous,
unilaterally
distributed,
lackingon outersegments;inaddition to thesepo,werf
ul verticils,all segmentswith long erectpale setae.Head brorvn,nlore or lessvariegatedwith buffy.
Pronotumwhitenedabove,dark brown on sides,the whitecolor extendingback over the pretergitesto the wing-root.Mesonotum almost uniformlyrecldishbrown, without pattern.Pleura
intuscated,the ventralportions,includingmuchof the sternopleurite, meralregionand metapleura,nloreyellowed.Halteresobscureyellow.Legswith the coxaeand trochanters
yellow;femorabrownish yellow, the tibiae and tarsi som,ewhat
darker brown. Wings
with a grayishtinge,the prearcularand costalf iedsmoreyellowed;
veinsbrownishyellorv,the nucrotrichiadark brown.Venation:R,
lying immediatelybeyondto nearlyoppositer-mi Ro*,short,subequal to r-mi petioleof cell M" about one-fourthlonger than theobliquem-cu,'vein2nd A elongate,sinuous.
Abdomendark brown, the hypopygiummore yellowed.Malehypopygium(FiS. 17) rvith the ventral lobe of basistyle,b, produced into a long, relativelystout lobe beyond the level of the
dististyles,its tip obtuselyrounded;mesalf ace at and near apex
with more abundantretrorsesetae;mesalface of basistylewith apoint or tooth.Outerdististylewith the stemslendsmallblackened
er, sinuous,the two arms very unequal,the outer one longer, ap-

40

PAPEIS AVUL.SOS

Vol. VIIN.o 1

pearingas a slendererectblackspine;inner arm a flattenedblack
spatulateblade.Basal dististyle,bd, a strongly-curvedrod thatis narrowedto a blackened
spine;on mesaledgewith two brushesof setae,an outerone of fewer longerbristlesplacedat near twothirds the lengthin the axil of curvature;secondgroup at near
one-thirdthe length,shorterbut more numerous,
from a blackenp, unique,appearing
ed and sligthtlyraisedflange.Phallosome,lattenedblackenedplate, slightly widenedoutas a depressed-f
wardly,its apexnearlytruncate;lateralshoulders
slightlyproducednear apex of structure,on eitherside of the broadmedianspace,with an acute,inwardly-directedblack spine;on the oppositesurface and slightly more basadand lateradwith a secondmuch
smallerspinethat is directedlaterad;sidesof structureon outerhalf with about a dozenspinulaeon either side. Aedeagusbroken
beyondbase.

HoLotyen, 8, Boracea,alttiude90O meters,April 13, 1942
(Ar-nnEron
d I Ravassos).
I take unusualpleasurein namingthis very distinctcrane-fly
for the collector,Mr. Lauro TravassosFilho, to whom we owe
increasein knowledgeof the Ti.
much of our recentspectacularpulidaeof S,io Paulo.The speciesis entirelydiff erent f rom allothersmembersof the gracilisgroup.Althoughsuperficiallyresemgroup,the fly is uniqueinbling variousmembersof the plag,iatus
the structureof the male hypopygium,particularly the basal dististyleand phallosome.

8-xII-1946 -c. P. AlnxersoER-

New or little-know Tipulidae

24Fig. 1 Tonyprnnna (Tmyprermna) solome, sp. n. ; male hypopygium.
Fig. 2. Holortrcia (Holorusiu) calliope, sp. n.; male hypopygium.
Fig. B. Holorusio (Holoru^sia) plwiton, sp. n.; male hlpopygium
Fig. 4. Ozodicero (Ozodicerd) caudifera, sp. n.; rnale hypopygium.
Symbols: b, basistyle; 4 dististyle; id, inner dististylei od, outer dististyle; l, 9th tergite.

4l

42

PAPEIS AVIJLSOS

7

N.o 1

Vol. VII

_rr;_

e t g

F,
l0

ll

supplcmenta,sp. n; venation.
Fig. 5. Pseu,dolinmofhila
Fig. 6. Heratoma (Eriocera) cabrulensis,sp. n.; venation.
Fig. 7. Heliw (Helius) micranthtr^r,SP. n.; male hypopl'girrm.
Fig. 8. Epiphragma (E:piphragma) nigripleura'lis, sp. n.; male hyp,opygium.
Fig. 9. EpiphroaTma(Epiph,ragma) serristyla, Sp. n.; male h1'pop1'gium.
Fig. 10. Atarba (Atarha) longitergata,sp. n.; male hypopygium.
sP. n.; male hypopygium.
Fig. U. Eleplnntotnryia (E'leplwntomyia) iwEr,icn^sis,
Symbols: c, aaleagus; b, basistylei g, gonapophysis;i, interbaw.; id, inner dististylei od, outer dististyle; P, phallosome;9e, penefilum; t, 9th tergite.

8-XII-19 46 -C. P. Ar.rxenoER-

New or little-know Tipulidae

43

r5

fi'
p

16

t7

Fig. 12. - Erioptera (Erioptera) oglaia, sp. n.; venation.
Fig. 13. Erioptera (Mqocyfhono) triangularis, sP. n.; male hypopygium.
Fig. 14. Erioptera (Mesocyphona) thalio, sp. n.; male hypopygium.
Fig. 15. Erioptera (Mesocyphotn) euphrosyne, sp. n.; male hypopygium
Fig. 16. Molophilus (Molofhilur) integristyhrs, sp. n.; male hypopygiurnFig. 17. Molophilus (Molophilus) lou,ri, sp. n.; male hypopygium.
Syntbols; o, aedeagus; D, basistyle; bd, basal dististyle; 4 dististyle;g, gonapophysis; od, outer dististyle; F,, phallosomei vb, ventral lobeof basistyie.