★★★ ＜第19回知的財産翻訳検定試験【第9回英文和訳】＞ ★★★

≪２級≫【解答にあたっての注意】
１．***START***から***END***を和訳してください。
２．解答語数に特に制限はありません。適切な個所で改行してください。
３．課題文に段落番号がある場合、これを訳文に記載してください。
４．課題は３題あります。それぞれの課題の指示に従い、３題すべて解答してください。

問１
下記の英文は、ある米国特許明細書における実施例の説明の記載からその一部を抜粋したものです。添付された図面を参照して全文を日本語に翻訳してください。

***START***

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Embodiments of the present invention are described below. It
is, however, expressly noted that the present invention is not limited
to these embodiments, but rather the intention is that modifications thatare apparent to the person skilled in the art and equivalents thereof arealso included.
FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the invention of a non-walled portable
beverage holder 1 in an exploded downward view. The beverage holder 1 may
include a middle piece 3 and a bottom piece 4, which are non-releasably
coupled together to form a single unit. According to optional embodiments,
a top piece 2 is configured to be releasably attachable to the middle

piece 3, while the middle piece 3 and bottom piece 4 are non-releasably attached
together, such as through molding or fusion. Thus, the middle piece 3 andbottom piece 4 without the top piece 2 can function as a beverage holder byitself as a single unit.
According to other embodiments, the top piece 2 isnon-releasably attached to the top of the middle piece 3. In
such embodiments, the top piece 2 and middle piece 3 may include
complementary means for releasably attaching to each otherusing a series of downwardly projecting tabs 5 present on thebottom side of top piece 2 for inserting into slots 6 present
on the topside of the middle piece.

***END***問２
下記の英文は、ある米国特許明細書における背景技術の記述から抜粋したものです。
全文を日本語に翻訳してください。

***START***

BACKGROUNDThis invention generally relates to systems and methods forremotely detecting a volcanic plume using radiofrequency (RF) signalsthat have traversed the plume and that are subsequently received.
In particular, this invention relates to systems and methods forremotely detecting a volcanic plume embedded in clouds using
satellite-transmitted RF signals.
As used herein, the term "volcanic plume" means a cloud of volcanic
ash and the term "volcanic gases" means gases given off by active

volcanoes. Dispersed volcanic gases disposed outside the volume
occupied by a volcanic ash cloud are not included as part of the "volcanic
plume."
Volcanic ash can pose a hazard to flying jet aircraft, threaten
the health of people and livestock, damage electronics and machinery,
and interrupt power generation and telecommunications. Volcanic ash
comprises tiny jagged particles of rock and natural glass blasted into
the air by a volcano. Wind can carry ash thousands of miles, affecting
far greater areas than other volcano hazards.
Volcanic plumes present two problems for aircraft:(a) engine shutdown due to ash; and (b) aircraft damage and/or crew
and passenger injury due to ash and corrosive gases. Volcanic ash
particles are extremely abrasive. They are jagged particles of rockand glass that can cause rapid wear to the internal workings of jetengines.
More importantly, high temperatures in some parts of jet engines
can melt the ash; it then re-solidifies on cooler parts of the engine,
forming a layer that blocks airflow, and interferes with moving parts,and eventually shuts down the engine.

***END***

問３
下記は、brazing alloy （ロウ付け合金）に関する米国特許明細書の請求項の一部を抜粋したものです。これを日本語に翻訳してください。
Ｐ，Ｚｎなどの元素記号はそのまま訳文中に残しても構いません。

***START***1.

A brazing alloy in the form of a wire, rod or preform,comprising, in weight percent: 3-7.5% P, 0.1-1.9% Zn, 5-18% Ag,
0-80% Au, 0-10% Sn, 0-5% Ni, and the balance copper in an amountof at least 21.7%.

2.

A method of torch brazing, comprising:forming a wire or rod from an alloy comprising, in weightpercent: 3-7.5% P, 0.6-1.9% Zn, 5-18% Ag, 0-80% Au, 0-10% Sn,
0-5% Ni, and the balance copper in an amount of at least 21.7%;
placing a tip of the wire or rod in contact with a surface ofa joint formed by first and second base metals, wherein the firstbase metal is a ferrous alloy, nickel, or a nickel alloy, andwherein the second base metal is a ferrous alloy, nickel, anickel alloy, gold, a gold alloy, silver, a silver alloy, copper,
or a copper alloy; andheating the joint surface using a torch flame and contacting
the tip of the wire or rod to the heated joint surface to melt
and flow the alloy onto the joint surface and into the joint
under capillary action.

3.

The method of claim 2, wherein the alloy consists essentiallyof, in weight percent: 3-7.5% P, 0.6-1.9% Zn, 5-18% Ag, 0-80%
Au, 0-10% Sn, 0-5% Ni, and the balance copper in an amount ofat least 21.7%.

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