Human studies

1. Albertini H, Goldberg W, Sanguy B, Toulza CL. Homeopathic treatment of dental neuralgia
by Arnica and Hypericum. Journal of the American Institute of Homeopathy, 1985, 3, 126-129.
Carried out at the Faculty of Medicine of Marseilles, this placebo controlled study was designed
to determine the effectiveness of Arnica 7C and Hypericum 15C for people suffering from dental
neuralgia. 60 people received either 4 pilules of Arnica alternated with 4 pilules of Hypericum
every 4 hours or placebo administered in the same way. Pain levels were assessed over 3 days
from the beginning of the trial. From this assessment it was found that 12 of the 30 people who
received the placebo had a positive response to this intervention, and 23 of the 30 people given
the homeopathic medicines responded positively to these.

2. Alibeu JP, Jobert J. Aconite in Post-Operative Pain and Agitation in Children, Pediatrie, 1990,
45, 7-8, 465-6. In this double blind placebo controlled trial, 50 children suffering frompost-operative pain and agitation were given either Aconite or placebo. The effects of Aconite
were significantly better than placebo

3. Ammerschlager H., Klein P., Weiser M., Oberbaum M. Treatment of inflammatory diseases of
the upper respiratory tract - comparison of a homeopathic complex remedy with xylometazoline.
Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2005, Feb, 12, 1,:24-31. In a multi-centre,
controlled, cohort study, 739 people suffering from rhinitis or sinusitis were given either
xylometazoline (a drug commonly used for nasal congestion, sinusitis and hay fever) or ahomeopathic combination. Both forms of therapy provided similarly effective results.

4. Baars EW, De Bruin A. The effect of Gencydo injections on hayfever symptoms: a therapeuticcausality report. J Altern Complement Med. 2005 Oct, 11, 5, 863-9. In this study, 13 Dutch
medical practitioners submitted patients (who between them had a mean history of hayfever of
9 years), for therapy involving injections of a combination homeopathic product. All but 1
patient were given the medication before the onset of the hayfever season and all were given it
during the hayfever season. Of these 13, during the course of the trial 9 people found no increasein nasal and non-nasal hayfever symptoms when the hayfever season began or during it andonly 1 of the 13 felt compelled to use conventional hayfever medication.

5. Baduluci S, Chirulescu Z, Chirila P, Rosca A. Zinc: Immunoglobin Relationship in Patientswith Cirrhosis of the Liver Before and After treatment with Zincum metallicum 5C.
International Research Group on Very Low Dose and High Dilution Effects, 1993 Giri Meeting,British Homoeopathic Journal, April, 1994, 83, 84-100. 10 people suffering from Zinc deficiency
as determined by atomic absorption spectrophotemetry were treated with Zincum metallicum
5C. Analysis following this treatment showed a substantial improvement in zinc levels.

6. Banerjee A, Chakrabarty SB, Karmakar SR, Chakrabarty A, Biswas SJ, Haque S, Das D,Paul S, Mandal B, Naoual B, Belon P, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Can Homeopathy bring additional
benefits to Thalassemic Patients on Hydroxyurea Therapy? Encouraging Results of aPreliminary Study. Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2010 March;
7(1): 129–136. In this observational study, 38 people suffering from thalassaemia who weretaking hydroxyurea, were allowed to continue their use of hydroxyurea but were given one ofseveral homeopathic medicines. The effects of this additional treatment were compared to theoutcomes of another 38 people suffering from thalassaemia who used hydroxyurea alone,assessed immediately before and at 3 months after starting the homeopathic treatment. Of arange of haematological and clinical parameters, those people using the combined treatment
showed an increase in levels of foetal haemoglobin over those on hydroxyurea alone, along witha reduction in serum ferritin. Where splenomegaly was present, a significant reduction in thiswas noted in those on the combined therapy and this group also noted an improvement ingeneral health with a longer period allowed between blood transfusions.

7. Barnes J., Resch K-L., Ernst E. Homoeopathy for Post-Operative Ileus: A Meta-Analysis.
Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 1997, Dec, 25, 4, 628- 633. 7 separate trials examining theeffects of homoeopathic treatment for post-operative ileus after abdominal or gynaecologicalsurgery when compared with placebo, specifically, for the time to first flatus after surgery.
Subsequent analysis showed that homoeopathy provided superior results to placebo.

8. Bell IR, Lewis DA, Brooks AJ, Schwartz GE, Lewis SE, Walsh BT, Baldwin CM. Improved
clinical status in fibromyalgia patients treated with individualized homeopathic remedies
versus placebo. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2004 May;43(5):577-82. 53 people suffering fromfibromyalgia took part in this trial, comparing individualised homoeopathic treatment toplacebo. The levels of tender points and tender point pain as well as quality of life, mood andgeneral health were assessed by the practitioners and subjects involved in the trial. 3 months
after commencing treatment, all parameters were found to be improved by the use ofhomoeopathy when compared to placebo.

9. Belon P, Banerjee P, Choudhury SC, Banerjee A, Biswas SJ, et al. Can administration ofpotentized homeopathic remedy, Arsenicum album, alter antinuclear antibody (ANA) titre inpeople living in high-risk arsenic contaminated areas? I. A correlation with certain
hematological parameters. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2006 Mar; 3 (1):99-107. To
investigate whether or not potentised Arsenicum album has an effect on arsenic-induced
elevations of antinuclear antibody (ANA), selected inhabitants of arsenic affected villages inIndia’s West Bengal were randomly assigned to receive either Arsenicum album or placebo.
After 2 months of administration, it was found that not only did the remedy provide superior
results in reducing the ANA titre, it also caused a correction of arsenic-induced haematologicalchanges such as total count of red blood cells and white blood cells, packed cell volume,
haemoglobin content, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and blood sugar level.

10. Belon P, Banerjee A, Karmakar SR, et al. Homeopathic remedy for arsenic toxicity?
Evidence-based findings from a randomized placebo-controlled double blind human trial. Sci
Total Environ. 2007 Jul 10. This was a pilot study carried out on 25 people from an Indianvillage where arsenic contamination was endemic and 18 people from another Indian village
without arsenic contamination. These people were randomly assigned to receive either
Arsenicum album 30C or a succussed placebo control. After 2 months on either active medicine
or placebo, these people had their blood and urine assessed for arsenic as well as several widely
accepted toxicity biomarkers and pathological parameters related to arsenic toxicity. The use of
Arsenicum album 30C had a beneficial effect on these biomarkers. It was also found to improve
the appetite and general health of those people who previously exhibited signs and symptoms ofarsenic toxicity.

11. Berrebi A, Parant O, Ferval F, Thene M, Ayoubi JM, Connan L, Belon P. Treatment of Pain
due to Unwanted Lactation with a Homeopathic Preparation given in the Immediate
Post-Partum Period. Gynecology, Obstetrics and Biological Reproduction, 2001, June, 30, 4,
353-7. 71 post- parturient women who were unwilling or unable to breast feed were divided into
2 groups, one being given a placebo and the other group being given a mixture of Apis 9C andBryonia 9C, to determine the effects of either on lactation pain. A significant improvement wasnoted in the group using the mixture, when compared to those in the placebo group.

12. Bignamini M, Saruggia M, Sansonetti G. Homeopathic Treatment of Anal Fissures using
Nitricum acidum Berlin Journal on Research in Homoeopathy, 1, 4/5, 286-287, December 1991.

Patients using Nitricum acidum 9C once daily in a double blind placebo controlled trial foundsubjective relief with the medicine over the placebo.

13. Bornhoft G, Wolf U, Ammon K, et al. Effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of
homeopathy in general practice - summarized health technology assessment. Forsch
Komplementarmed. 2006;13 Suppl 2:19-29. This was an effectiveness and safety study on
homeopathy carried out for the Swiss Federal Office for Public Health. Using Internet-based
resources, manual search and contact with experts, and assessed according to internal andexternal validity criteria, investigators found that the trend was in favour of a therapeutic
benefit from homeopathic intervention. In addition, it was stated by the authors of the study
that, “…effectiveness of homeopathy can be supported by clinical evidence and professional andadequate application be regarded as safe. “

14. Brigo B, Serpelloni G, Homoeopathic Treatment of Migraine Berlin Journal on Research in
Homoeopathy, 1, 2, March, 1991, 98-106. In this randomised, placebo controlled double blind
study, 60 people suffering from migraine were treated using constitutional homoeopathy over a
period of 4 months. Those patients in the control group experienced a reduction in migraine
frequency from 9.9 attacks per month to 7.9 per month, while those in the treatment groupreduced their monthly attack rate from 10 to between 1.8 and 3 per month.

15. Cairo J, Elliot BE, Barnouin J, Fleites P, Araoz A, Morales M, Verdura T, Sanchez M,
Serrano C, Alvarez JL, Veillard JJ. Homeopathy in Cuban Epidemic Neuropathy: An OpenClinical Trial. British Homoeopathic Journal, 2001, 90, 150-157. In this uncontrolled trial, 15
people suffering from optic endemic neuropathy (group 1) and 16 people suffering fromperipheral epidemic neuropathy (group 2) were given homeopathic Carbon sulph andhomeopathic Tabacum for 30 days. The subjects were assessed for improvement in neurologic
and ophthalmologic tests on commencement and again at 90 days after commencement of thetrial. Those in group 1 experienced an averaged improvement of 73% and group 2 of 12.5%.

16. Campistranous- Lavout JL., et al. Hypertension Trial. Boletin Mexicano, 1999, 32, 42- 47. 68
people suffering from mild to moderate hypertension were enrolled in a double-blind
randomised clinical trial comparing individualised homoeopathic therapy with placebo.
Successful results were obtained with 82% of those using homoeopathy compared with 57% of
those using placebo.

17. Castellsague API, Sturza CM. Retrospective Study in Asthma, Revista Homeopatica AMBH,
1998, 37, 5-21. In this multi-centre retrospective (uncontrolled) analysis, 196 people weretreated for asthma with homoeopathy. Of the 196, 54 were claimed to have been cured andimprovement was seen in a further 117.

18. Cavalcanti AM, Rocha LM, Carillo R Jr, Lima LU, Lugon JR. Effects of homeopathic
treatment on pruritus of haemodialysis patients: a randomised placebo-controlled double-blind
trial. Homeopathy. 2003 Oct;92(4):177-81. Pruritis, commonly experienced by those undergoing
haemodialysis, was treated in 20 subjects under double-blind placebo-controlled randomised
trial conditions comparing individualised homoeopathic treatment to placebo. Assessments weremade at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days treatment, and after collating the results, researchers found thathomoeopathic management reduced pruritis by 49%. The majority of the reduction in pruritis
had occurred by day 30.

19. Chapman EH, Weintraub RJ, Milburn MA, Pirozzo TO, Woo E. Homoeopathic Treatment ofMild Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of Head Trauma and Rehabilitation, 14, 6, December
1999, 521-42. In a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial involving 60 subjects and a
4 month follow-up period, homoeopathy provided significant improvement in parameters using
measures such as “Difficulty with Situations”, “Symptoms Rating Scale” and a “Participation in
Daily Activities” scale.

20. Chapman EH. Homeopathic treatment of patients with persistent mild traumatic brain
injury. British Homeopathic Journal, 2000, 89, Suppl 1,S60. In a randomised, placebo-controlled
trial, 50 people with persistent mild traumatic brain injury were treated either with theirconstitutional homeopathic remedy or placebo. The homeopathic treatment provided superior
results to those from the placebo control.

21. Clark J, Percivall AA. Preliminary Investigation into the Effectiveness of the Homoeopathic
Remedy, Ruta graveolens, in the Treatment of Pain in Plantar Fasciitis. British Journal of
Podiatry, 2000, 3, 3, 81- 85. In a randomised double-blind trial, 14 people suffering from plantar
fasciitis were given Ruta graveleons 30C or placebo. Those using the Ruta reported a greaterlevel of pain relief than those using placebo.

22. Clover A, Ratsey D. Homoepathic Treatment of Hot Flushes. British Homoeopathic Journal,
2002, 91, 75-79. Researchers at the Tunbridge Wells Homeopathic Hospital in the UK enrolled
31 female outpatients who had complained of menopausal flushes in this trial. They weretreated using individualised homeopathic management and after their initial consultation andat least one follow-up, patients completed their own self-assessment rating of the treatment.
79% of the women enrolled in the study reported a reduction in both the severity and frequencyof hot flushes as a result of the treatment.

23. Colin P. Homeopathy and respiratory allergies: a series of 147 cases. Homeopathy. 2006
Apr;95 (2):68-72. In this case series, 147 consecutive patients suffering from respiratory allergy
who attended a private homeopathic clinic were assessed for their response to constitutional
homeopathic treatment. Of these patients, 105 were sufferers of ear, nose and throat allergies.
Only 2 of these patients failed to respond to treatment and none experienced an exacerbation ofsymptoms. The other 42 patients were sufferers of pulmonary allergies, all except 5 of whom
experienced relief, with 2 of these experiencing an exacerbation of symptoms.

24. Davidson JRT, Morrison RM, Shore J, Davidson RT, Bedayn G. Homeopathic Treatment ofDepression and Anxiety. Alternative Therapies, 3, 1, January 1997, 46-49. In this trial, 12
subjects suffering from major depression, social phobia or panic disorder, were treated for 7 to 80
weeks with individually prescribed homoeopathic remedies and assessed on a clinical global
improvement scale (CGIS) or self-rated SCL-90 scale and the Social Phobia Scale (SPS).
Subjects were given homoeopathic treatment either because they asked for it directly or because
conventional treatment had been unsuccessful. The overall response rates for homoeopathy
were 58% on the CGIS and 50% on the SCL-90 and SPS.

25. Derasse M, Klein P, Weiser M. The effects of a complex homeopathic medicine comparedwith acetaminophen in the symptomatic treatment of acute febrile infections in children: anobservational study. Explore (NY). 2005 Jan;1(1):33-9. In this non-randomised observational
study carried out in 38 Belgian clinics, 198 children suffering from acute febrile infections wereassessed for their response to either acetaminophen or a combination of homeopathic medicines.
The children had their infection symptoms, which included fever, cramps, disturbed sleep,
crying, and difficulties eating or drinking, assessed and graded for a response to their respective
medicines. After taking the results from all variables into account, it was found that the
homeopathic combination was as effective as acetaminophen. The tolerance to medicines was
also assessed as part of this trial and in this respect it was found that the homeopathic
combination was superior to the acetaminophen.

26. Dorfman P, Lassere NM, Tetau M, Homoeopathic Medicines in Pregnancy and Labor,
Cahiers de Biotherapie, 94, April 1987, 77-81. In this randomised double blind trial involving 93
women, a combination of homeopathic Caulophyllum, Actea racemosa, Arnica, Pulsatilla andGelsemium, all in 5C potency, was used to determine its effect on the length of labor andcomplication rates. The medicine was used from the beginning of the ninth month of pregnancy,
and reduced the average time of labor to 5.1 hours, in comparison to the placebo, the use ofwhich was associated with an average labor time of 8.5 hours. The rate of complications for
those using the homoeopathic combination was 11.3% while the complication rate under placebo
was 40%.

27. Eid P, Felisi E, Sideri M; Applicability of Homoeopathic Caulophyllum thalictroides during
labour. British Homoeopathic Journal, October, 1993, 82, 245-248. 22 women experiencing theirfirst pregnancies were given homoeopathic Caulophyllum and their post-treatment deliveries
compared to 34 labours retrospectively selected on the criteria used to select the test subjects.
On analysis it was found that the women who were given the homoeopathic remedy had areduction of the duration of labour by an average of 90 minutes.

28. Ernst E, Saradeth T, Resch KL, Complementary Treatment of Varicose Veins.. Phebology,
1990, 5, 157-163. Over a period of 24 days, the effects of a homoeopathic complex preparationand placebo on varicose veins were tested in a double-blind trial of 61 people suffering from thiscondition. The homoeopathic complex produced an averaged 44% improvement in the condition
while those given the placebo experienced an averaged worsening of the disorder.

29. Ferley JP, Zmirou D, D'Adhemar D, Balducci F. A Controlled Evaluation of a Homoeopathic
Preparation in the Treatment of Influenza-like Syndrome..Br J Clin Pharmacol, 1989, Mar, 27,
3, 329-335. 487 people suffering from influenza were assigned to either Oscillococcinum (Anasbarb.) 200CK or placebo, twice daily for 5 days. Significant results were achieved with the
medicine over the placebo in all areas measured. This trial was repeated in 1998 (Papp R,
Schuback G, Beck E, Burkard G, Bengel J, Lehrl S, Belon P. Oscillococcinum in Patients with
Influenza-like Syndromes. British Homeopathic Journal, April 1998, 87, pp69-76) with 372
people with the same results.

30. Fisher P., Greenwood A, Huskisson EC, Turner P and Belon P. Effect of Homoeopathic
Treatment on Fibrositis. British Medical Journal, 5 August, 1989, 299, 365-366. Patients using
Rhus tox 6C three times daily in a double blind placebo controlled crossover trial foundsignificant relief with the medicine over the placebo.

31. Fisher P. An Experimental Double-blind Clinical Trial method in Homoeopathy- Use of a
Limited Range of Remedies to Treat Fibrositis. British Homoeopathic Journal, 1986, July, 75, 3,
142-7. 24 subjects suffering from fibrositis were treated for the condition for 3 months with
Arnica, Bryonia or Rhus tox, depending upon the similarity between the individuals’ symptoms
and the clinical picture for the remedy. Using scores for pain, number of tender spots, and sleep
quality to determine the response to the therapy, these remedies produced a statisticallysignificant improvement, but only when the remedy was well indicated.

32. Frass M, Linkesch M, Banyai S, et al. Adjunctive homeopathic treatment in patients withsevere sepsis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in an intensive care unit.
Homeopathy. 2005 Apr; 94, 2, 75-80. In this study, 70 people admitted to an intensive care unit
suffering from severe sepsis were treated either with individualised homeopathic treatment orplacebo. On reviewing the signs of sepsis, organ failures, need for mechanical ventilation andother parameters at 180 days after beginning treatment, 76% of the patients using homeopathy
met survival criteria versus 50% of those on placebo.

33. Frass M, Dielacher C, Linkesch M, et al. Influence of potassium dichromate on tracheal
secretions in critically ill patients. Chest. 2005 Mar;127(3):936-41. Stringy tracheal secretions
often complicate or even prevent extubation of people breathing with continuous positive airway
pressure. This issue provoked the development of a study involving 50 people breathing
spontaneously with continuous positive airway pressure who were randomly assigned to receive
either 5 globules twice daily of Kali bic 30C or the same dose and frequency of placebo globules.
The study results were assessed using the amount of tracheal secretions from day 2 of the study,
the amount of time spent by the subjects in the ICU in which they were staying and the time
until successful extubation. After the results were assessed, it was found that those who’d been
given the Kali bic produced less tracheal secretions than those on placebo, their stay in the ICU
was shorter than those on placebo as was their time to successful extubation.

34. Frei H, Thurneysen A. Treatment for Hyperactive Children: Homeopathy andMethylphenidate Compared in a Family Setting. British Homoeopathic Journal, 2001, 90,

183-188. 114 children attending a paediatric practice where conventional and homeopathic
medicines were used, and who were previously diagnosed with ADHD, were given
individualised homoeopathic medicines (increasing potencies of the most similar LM remedy).
On a parent assessed basis (confirmed by the clinician), if a minimum 50% improvement was
not noted within a certain period of time they were placed on Methylphenidate. 75% of thechildren responded to homoeopathy and 22% required Methylphenidate. 3% of patients did not
respond to either regime.

35. Frei H, Thurneysen A. Homeopathy in Acute Otitis Media in Children: Treatment Effect orSpontaneous Resolution? British Homeopathic Journal, 2001, Oct, 90, 4, 180-2. In a study
involving 230 children with acute otitis media, homoeopathic treatment was compared withplacebo to determine whether homoeopathic treatment provided a faster resolution of symptoms
than placebo. After 12 hours, 72% of those using homoeopathy experienced significant relief ofsymptoms, which was 2.4 times faster than the response to placebo.

36. Frei H, Everts R, von Ammon K, et al. Homeopathic treatment of children with attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled crossover trial. Eur
J Pediatr. 2005 Dec, 164, 12, 758-67. 83 children diagnosed as suffering from ADHD using
DSMIV criteria were treated with individually prescribed homeopathic medicines. Using theConnor’s Global Index scale it was determined that 63 of these children responded to treatment.
These children were then randomised to receive either placebo or homeopathic medicines for 6
weeks and at this point were crossed over to receive placebo if they’d been using thehomeopathics or visa versa. At the end of this period it was found that homeopathic therapy
provided significantly better results than placebo.

37. Frenkel M, Hermoni D. Effects of Homeopathic Intervention on Medication Consumption in
Atopic and Allergic Disorders. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 2002, Jan-Feb, 8,
1, 76-9. In a study carried out at the Technicon-Israel Institute in Haifa, Israel, 48 patients weretreated for allergic disorders with both homoeopathic and conventional medicines, andmonitored for their level of use of the conventional medicines. Over the 3 month monitoringperiod, 56% of patients reduced their conventional medication use by an average of 60%.

38. Friese KH, Kruse S, Ludtke R, Moeller H. The Homoeopathic Treatment of Otitis Media inChildren. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 35, 7, 1997, 96-301.
In this trial, 131 children suffering from medically diagnosed otitis media were split into twogroups. 28 were treated by a team of four ear, nose and throat practitioners using singly or in
combination, nasal drops, antibiotics, secretolytics or antipyretics (Group B). 103 children weretreated by one homoeopath using single homoeopathic remedies (Group A). The average
duration of pain for Group A was 2 days, as opposed to 3 days for Group B. 70.7% of the Group A
children were free of recurrences within the first year of treatment and 29% had a maximum of
3 recurrences while in Group B, 56.5% were free of recurrences within the first year oftreatment and 43.5% had a maximum of 6 recurrences.

39. Friese KH, Zabalotnyi DI. Homeopathy in acute rhinosinusitis : A double-blind, placebo
controlled study shows the efficiency and tolerability of a homeopathic combination remedy.
HNO (Organ of the Deutsche Gesellschaft der Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenärzte) 2006 December,
19. Using a randomized, double-blind study method, 144 people with acute rhinosinusitis weretreated with a either a combination of homeopathic remedies (Group A) or placebo (Group B)
and assessed at days 0, 7, 14 and 21 of treatment using a 5 point sinusitis symptom score (theworst score being 20). After analysing the results it was found that those in Group A
experienced a drop in symptom scores from 12.1+/-1.6 to 5.9+/-2.0 points after 7 days. Those inGroup B found a decrease from 11.7+/-1.6 to 11.0+/-2.9 points (p<0.0001). The final results
showed that the homeopathic combination resulted in freedom from complaints in 90.3% of thepatients and improvement in a further 8.3%, whereas in the placebo group, the complaints
remained unchanged or became worse in 88.9% of the patients.

40. Gasssinger CA, Wunstel G, Netter PA Controlled Clinical Trial for Testing the Efficacy of
the Homoeopathic Drug, Eupatorium perfoliatum, D2 in the Treatment of Common Cold.
Arznei Forsch, 1981, 31, 4, 732-736. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either Aspirinor Eupatorium perfoliatum 2X. The latter was found to be as effective as Aspirin in reducing theduration and severity of symptoms.

41. Gerhard I, Wallis E. Individualised Homeopathic Therapy for Male Infertility, Homeopathy,
2002, 91, 133-144. An observational pilot study investigated the effect of individualised
homeopathic therapy for 45 sub-fertile males, with specific reference to sperm count and quality,
hormone levels and the general level of health. Sperm count and sperm motility were improvedby homeopathy and the improvement was comparable with conventional treatment.

42. Gibson RG, Gibson SL, MacNeill AD, Gray GH, Dick WC, Buchanan WW. Salicylates andHomoeopathy in Rheumatoid Arthritis. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 1978, 6, 5,
391-395. In this study, carried out at the Glasgow Homeopathic Hospital, 41 people sufferingfrom rheumatoid arthritis were treated with enteric coated aspirin and 54 people suffering fromthe same condition were treated with individualised homeopathic treatment. The results of thetwo forms of therapy were compared at the end of the trial and it was found that those on
homeopathic treatment did considerably better than those on aspirin. In addition, 16 of the 41
people taking aspirin during the trial experienced side effects while those taking homeopathics
experienced no side effects.

43. Gibson RG, Gibson SL. Homoeopathic Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Evaluation by
Double Blind Clinical Therapeutic Trial. Br J. Clin. Pharmac. 9, 1980, 453-459. 46 patientsusing a number of different homoeopathic medicines, prescribed according to homoeopathic
principles, were given this medicine or a placebo with their normal anti-arthritic drug. The trial
was carried out blind and significant results were achieved with the homeopathic medicine overthe placebo in all areas measured.

44. Gimeno L.Q. Homoeopathic Treatment of Human Papilloma Virus infections previously
treated by Other Methods. British Homoeopathic Journal, October 1996, 85, 194-197. In thisstudy, 14 people suffering from recurrent HPV, previously unresponsive to microsurgicalprocedures, were treated with individualised homeopathy and assessed via cytology prior totreatment, during, and 1 year after commencing treatment. At the final 1year assessment, 11 of
the 14 subjects were declared to be cured.

45. Gmnunder R, Kissling R. The Efficacy of homeopathy in the treatment of chronic low backpain compared to standardized physiotherapy. Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und ihre Grenzgebiete,
2002 Sep-Oct;140, 5, 503-8. In this controlled, randomised, prospective study, 43 people
suffering from chronic low back pain were treated for two months either by homeopathy or bystandardised physiotherapy. Assessment based on the initial and final clinical investigations, anOswestry questionnaire, and visual analog scale, found that the most successful method oftreatment was homeopathy.

46. Goldstein MS, Glik D. Use of and satisfaction with homeopathy in a patient population.
Altern Ther Health Med. 1998 Mar;4(2):60-5. Carried out in 9 homeopathic clinics in the Los
Angeles area, this study was done to determine the success or otherwise of constitutional
homeopathic practice as assessed by the people who’d undergone this therapy. The study also
looked at the characteristics of the people involved in the study. Information was provided by 77
clients. At 4 months after treatment, 71% of clients reported improvement in their health status.
This is contrasted with the fact that 80% of all clients enrolled in this survey had had previous
orthodox medical treatment for their condition which they had found unsuccessful. The mostcommon presenting complaints involved the respiratory, gastrointestinal and female
reproductive systems and most clients were highly educated but had little knowledge of
homeopathy prior to their treatment with it.

47. Guthlin C., Lange O., Walach H. Measuring the Effects of Acupuncture and Homeopathy in
General Practice: An Uncontrolled Prospective Documentation Approach. Biomed Central
Public Health, 2004, 4, 1, 6. 5000 people were treated for various ailments using acupuncture,and 900 people were treated using individualised homeopathy, by medical practitioners in a
number of clinics throughout Germany. Most of these people had previously been treated using
conventional drugs. After treatment, of those being treated using acupuncture, 36% stated that

they felt “very much better” and 49% felt, “somewhat better”. Of those being treated using
homeopathy, 39% stated that they felt “very much better” and 38% felt, “somewhat better”.

48. Haidvogl M, Riley DS, Heger M. Homeopathic and conventional treatment for acuterespiratory and ear complaints: a comparative study on outcome in the primary care setting.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2007 Mar 2;7:7 The aim of the authors of this study was tocompare the effectiveness of homeopathic treatment for acute respiratory and ear complaints
with orthodox medical treatment for the same conditions. 1577 clients from 57 clinics from
Austria, Germany, The Netherlands, Russia, Spain, Ukraine, the United Kingdom and the USA
were enrolled in the study. They were asked to rate their response to either therapy at 14 days
after beginning treatment. 86.9% of those given homeopathic medicines declared that they had
had either a complete recovery or major improvement in their symptoms. 86% of those given
orthodox medical treatment reported the same thing. Subgroup analysis found that 88.5% ofchildren given homeopathics reported a complete recovery or major improvement in symptoms
whereas 84.5% of those given orthodox medical treatment reported similar success. In addition,
the onset of improvement within the first 7 days after treatment was significantly faster inthose with homeopathic treatment, both in children and adults.

49. Haila S, Koskinen A, Tenovuo J. Effects of homeopathic treatment on salivary flow rate andsubjective symptoms in patients with oral dryness: a randomized trial. Homeopathy. 2005 Jul,94, 3, 175-81. In this blind, placebo-controlled study, 28 people diagnosed with xerostomia(dryness of the mouth) were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or individuallyprescribed homeopathic medicines. Assessed using un-stimulated and wax-stimulated salivary
flow rates and visual analogue scales at the end of the trial, 26 of those people using
homeopathic treatment and none using placebo were found to have had significant relief.
Following the assessment of these results those on placebo were switched to homeopathic
therapy, after which all experienced relief from their xerostomia.

50. Harrison RE, Burge TS, et al. Homoeopathic Treatment of Burn Scars. British
Homoeopathic Journal, October 1993, 82, 252-254. 4 people suffering from hypertrophic scarringsubsequent to burns were treated with homeopathic Graphites for 3 months. All 4 subjects wererelieved of these symptoms. No controls were used for comparison.

51. Hill N, Stam C, Tuinder S, van Haselen RA. A Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial
investigating the efficacy of a Homoeopathic After-Bite Gel for Reducing Mosquito bite induced
Erythema. Eur J Pharmacol, 1995, 49, 103-108. 68 people were bitten at least 3 times bymosquitoes. One of the bites was treated with an after-bite gel containing homoeopathic
ingredients, another of the bites was treated with a placebo gel, and the third bite remained
untreated. Erythema associated with the bites was measured before and regularly after
treatment at all of the bite sites and the subjects rated the degree of pruritis experienced at thesites. The active gel provided results that were significantly superior to the placebo or notreatment.

52. Hitzenberger G, Kom A, Dorsci M, Bauer P, Wohlzogen FX. Controlled randomised Double
Blind study for the Comparison of the Treatment of Patients with Essential Hypertension with
Homoeopathic and Pharmacologically Effective Drugs. Weiner Klinische Wochenschrift(Klinische Wochenschrift), 1982, 94, 24, 665-670. In this randomized double-blind cross-overtrial, 10 people suffering from essential hypertension were treated either with standard
pharmaceutical products or homeopathic medicines. Pharmaceuticals were found to provide
superior blood pressure reducing effects but homeopathic were found to be the better choice forthe management of the subjective symptoms of hypertension.

53. Issing W., Klein P., Weiser M. The homeopathic preparation Vertigoheel versus Ginkgo
biloba in the treatment of vertigo in an elderly population: a double-blinded, randomized,
controlled clinical trial. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2005, Feb, 11,
1,155-60. Over a 6 week period, 170 people with an age range of 60- 80 years withatherosclerosis related vertigo were treated for this condition using either a homeopathic
combination or herbal gingko biloba. Using a patient-assessed dizzyness questionnaire andpractitioner assessment via line walking and other tests as methods of measurement,
participants found that the homeopathic combination provided outcomes as good as those withgingko.

54. Itamura R, Hosoya R. Homeopathic Treatment of Japanese patients with intractable Atopic
Dermatitis. Homeopathy, 2003, 92, 108-114. In this uncontrolled study, 17 people suffering fromintractable atopic dermatitis undertook individualised homoeopathic treatment for the conditionin conjunction with their existing pharmaceutical therapy, for a period of up to 2 years and 7
months. On an objective assessment and the patient’s own assessment, all patients experienced
in excess of 50% improvement by the end of the trial.

55. Itamura R. Effect of homeopathic treatment of 60 Japanese patients with chronic skindisease. Complement Ther Med. 2007 Jun;15(2):115-20. 60 people were enrolled in thisuncontrolled trial which was carried out in Obitsu Sankei Hospital in Kawagoe which was
designed to determine the effect of individualised homeopathic medicines on several common
skin disorders. These disorders included atopic dermatitis, eczema, acne, urticaria, psoriasis andalopecia universalis. Treatment occurred over a period of 3 months to 2 years and 7 months andsubjects were permitted to use conventional dermatological treatments while taking part in thetrial. Using the trial participants’ own assessment, improvement or otherwise was assessedusing a nine-point scale similar to the Glasgow Homeopathic Hospital Outcome Scale. On thisbasis, 6 people reported a complete recovery, 23 reported a 75% improvement, 24 found a 50%
improvement and 7 had a 25% improvement). In all, 88.3% of patients reported over 50%
improvement.

56. Jacobs J, Jiminez J, Gloyd SG, et al. Treatment of Acute Childhood Diarrhoea with
Homoeopathic Medicine. Paediatrics, May, 1994 93, 5, 719-725. In a randomised, placebo
controlled trial with 81 children suffering from acute diarrhoea, individually prescribedhomoeopathic medicines were found to be superior to placebo.

57. Jacobs J, Jimenez M, Malthouse S, Chapman E, Crothers D, Masuk M, Jonas WB. AcuteChildhood Diarrhoea- A Replication. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 6,
2000, 131-139. In a replication of a previous trial carried out by Jacobs and others, 116 Nepalesechildren aged 6 months to 5 years suffering from diarrhoea were given an individualised
homoeopathic medicine or placebo over a 5 day period. Results assessed at the end of this period

showed homeopathy to be superior to placebo as a means of relieving diarrhoea.

58. Jacobs J, Springer DA et al. Homeopathic treatment of acute otitis media in children: apreliminary randomized placebo-controlled trial. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2001, 20: 177-83. 75
children suffering from acute otitis media were given homeopathic treatment or were given
treatment with placebo. On assessment it was found that homeopathy provided an improved
outcome from this condition.

59. Jacobs J, Jonas WB, Jimenez-Perez M, Crothers D. Homeopathy for childhood diarrhea:
combined results and meta-analysis from three randomized, controlled clinical trials. Pediatr
Infect Dis J. 2003 Mar;22(3):229-34. In this meta-analysis (an analysis carried out to determine
overall trends in a group of similar studies) three double blind clinical trials of diarrhoea in 242
children aged 6 months to 5 years were analysed as one group. The children received either anindividualised homeopathic medicine or a placebo, for 5 days after each unformed stool. Records
were kept by parents and the duration of diarrhoea was defined as the time until there were lessthan 3 unformed stools per day for 2 consecutive days. Diarrhoea ceased in those taking
homeopathic medicines after 3.3 days and after 4.1 days in those using placebo.

60. Jacobs J, Herman P, Heron K, Olsen S, Vaughters L. Homeopathy for menopausal
symptoms in breast cancer survivors: a preliminary randomized controlled trial. Journal of
Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2005, Feb, 11, 1,:21-7. This study compared theeffects of an individualised homeopathic prescription with a homeopathic combination andplacebo in 55 women suffering from menopausal symptoms for a period of 1 year. Both theindividualised and combination homeopathic therapy provided an improvement in symptoms
over placebo, with the individualised homeopathy showing the best outcomes over the first 3
months of the assessment period.

61. Jeffrey SL, Belcher HJ. Use of Arnica to Relieve Pain after Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery.

Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 2002, Mar-Apr, 8, 2, 66-8. 37 patients who had
undergone carpal tunnel release surgery were given a combination of Arnica tablets and Arnica
ointment or placebo. After 2 weeks of therapy, the group using Arnica reported a significant
reduction in pain.

62. Karow JH, Abt HP, Fröhling M, Ackermann H. Efficacy of Arnica montana D4 for Healing of
Wounds after Hallux valgus Surgery compared to Diclofenac. J Altern Complement Med. 2008
Jan-Feb;14(1):17-25. In this randomised, double-blinded, parallel group study, 88 people who
were recovering from foot surgery were randomly assigned to receive either Arnica 4X at a rateof 10 pilules 3 times daily or Diclofenac 50mg 3 times daily. Both therapies were used for 4 days
following the surgery. At day 4, subjects were assessed for their postoperative irritation,
mobility, pain level, and their use of analgesics. Analysis of the results at this point showed that
Arnica and Diclofenac provided the same level of reduction in wound irritation (including
swelling) and mobility. Subjective assessment by patients rated Arnica as superior to Diclofenac
for mobility. Diclofenac was superior to Arnica for pain reduction and there was no significant
difference in analgesic use during the 4 days following surgery. It was also noted in the study
that Arnica was 60% cheaper than Diclofenac.

63. Kassab S, Cummings M, Berkovitz S, van Haselen R, Fisher P. Homeopathic Medicines for
Adverse effects of Cancer Treatments. Cochrane Database Systematic Review. 2009 Apr
15;(2):CD004845. Cochrane Reviews investigate the effects of interventions for prevention, or
treatment of illness, or rehabilitation from illness, in a healthcare setting. Most Cochrane
Reviews are based on overviews of randomized controlled trials and other forms of evidence thatare deemed to be appropriate. This review was conducted to determine what, if any, evidence (inthe opinion of the Cochrane reviewers) exists for the treatment by homeopathy of the effects of
conventional cancer therapies. A search through numerous databases revealed 8 controlled
trials involved in this area of study, 7 of which were placebo controlled and 1 of which wasagainst an active treatment. In total, the trials covered the outcomes of 664 people who’d beenvariously suffering from the adverse effects of radiotherapy, chemotherapy or breast cancer
treatment. Of the 8, 2 trials exhibited beneficial effects from homeopathy. One of these involved
a comparison between the effects of a topical corticosteroid and a homeopathic mother tinctureof calendula for the prevention of dermatitis from radiotherapy where the calendula proved to besuperior to the drug. The other involved the successful use of a homeopathic complex forstomatatitis caused by chemotherapy.

64. Kayne S. A Pilot Trial to Study the Perceived Effectiveness of Homoeopathic remedies
bought Over The Counter (OTC) in British Pharmacies. Journal of the Royal London
Homoeopathic Hospital NHS Trust, 1997, January 23-24, 90-94. 1000 questionnaires were sent
to 8 UK pharmacies, requesting them to pass the questionnaires to customers. These,
questionnaires asked the customers whether or not they found OTC homoeopathic medicines
effective for the conditions for which they were purchased. A total of 257 users responded, andthe accumulated results showed that 83% of respondents felt better after taking the product.

65. Keil T, Witt CM, Roll S, Vancea W, Webera K, Wegscheiderb K, Willich SN. Homoeopathic
versus Conventional Treatment of Children with Eczema: A comparative Cohort Study.
Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2008) 16, 15—21. This was a prospective, multi-centre,
parallel-group, comparative cohort study was conducted in urban and mixed urban—rural
regions of Germany. 118 children suffering from clinically defined eczema seen at 54
homeopathic practices and 64 conventional medical practices were treated for the condition withthe respective therapeutic protocols normally used in these clinics, i.e. individualised
homeopathic or conventional medical therapy. Treatment occurred over a period of 12 months
and the outcomes of the 2 different methods of therapy were assessed at 6 months and 12
months by the children or their parents on the basis of eczema signs and symptoms and thequality of life. Overall, on the basis of clinical symptoms and quality of life, there was little
difference in the response rates of both groups to their respective therapies although at 12
months after starting treatment, those children who were treated homeopathically had agreater level of recovery from symptoms than those treated with conventional medicine. No
adverse reactions were reported for either group

66. Kim LS, Riedlinger JE, Baldwin CM, Hilli L, Khalsa SV, Messer SA, Waters RF. Treatment
of seasonal allergic rhinitis using homeopathic preparation of common allergens in theSouthwest Region of the US: A randomized, controlled clinical trial. Annals of Pharmacotherapy.

2005, Apr, 39, 4, 617-24. In this double-blind trial, 34 people diagnosed with moderate to severe
seasonal allergic rhinitis were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or a combination ofpotentised allergens (made from the pollens of trees, grasses or weeds identified as allergens).
After the 4 week treatment period using 2 sprays 3 times a day of either the potentised allergenmix or placebo, the trial subjects were assessed on the basis of their allergy specific symptoms
using 3 separate questionnaire formats (RQLQ, MOS SF-36 and the WPAI). The potentisedallergen mix showed significant positive changes compared to placebo.

67. Klopp R, Niemer W, Weiser M. Microcirculatory effects of a homeopathic preparation inpatients with mild vertigo: an intravital microscopic study. Microvasc Res. 2005, 69,
1-2,10-6.The aim of this non-randomized, open study was to test the effectiveness of ahomeopathic combination product on variables related to microcirculation in 16 people sufferingfrom vestibular vertigo, compared to a control group of 16 untreated people also suffering fromvestibular vertigo. Measurements were carried out in two areas (defined by selecting 60
blood-cell perfused nodal points of arterioles, venules, and capillaries with a mean diameter > or
= 40 microns): the cuticulum/subcuticulum of the inside left lower arm and an area 5 mm behindthe left earlobe. After 12 weeks of treatment, those people receiving the homeopathic
preparation exhibited an increased number of nodal points, increased flow rates of erythrocytes
in both arterioles and venules, increased vasomotion, and a slight reduction in hematocrit vs.
baseline. None of these changes were observed in the control group. Measurements were also
made of partial oxygen pressure and the numbers of cell-wall adhering leucocytes, both of whichwere significantly increased in the test group compared to the control group. All of theseparameters were associated with a reduction in the severity of the vertigo symptoms, both on
patient as well as practitioner assessment.

68. Kneusel O, Weber M, Suter A. Arnica montana Gel in Osteoarthritis of the Knee: an open,
multicenter clinical trial. Advanced Therapies, 2002, Sep-Oct, 19, 5, 209-18. In this uncontrolled
study, 79 people suffering from mild to moderate osteoarthritis of the knee were given a gel
containing Arnica and asked to apply it twice daily. They were assessed at 3 and 6 weeks for
pain, stiffness and functional ability of the knee. Both assessments showed a significant
reduction in pain and stiffness, and a significant improvement in the functional ability of theknee.

69. Kulkarni A, Nagarkar BM, Burde GS. Radiation protection by use of homoeopathic
medicines. Proceedings from the 8th Conference of Radiation Oncologists of India, Bombay,
December 1986, reported in Hahnemann Homoeopath Sand, 1988 Jan,12, 1, 20-3. 82 patients
receiving radiotherapy were randomly assigned to receive placebo, Cobaltum 30C or Causticum
30C as a means of assessing the effects of these against dermatological reactions to theradiotherapy. The homeopathic medicines provided a significant reduction in the degree ofradiation reactions when compared to placebo

70. Lamont J., Homoeopathic Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
British Homoeopathic Journal, 1997, 86, 196-200. 43 children with ADHD were given either aplacebo or an individualised homeopathic medicine, in accordance with a double blind partial
crossover dose regime. When the results were compared at the end of the trial, it was found thatthe homeopathic treatment for ADHD was superior to that using placebo.

71. Launso L, Kimby CK, Henningsen I, Fonnebo V. An exploratory retrospective study ofpeople suffering from hypersensitivity illnesses who attend medical or classical homeopathic
treatment. Homeopathy. 2006 Apr;95 (2):73-80. This study reports the results of orthodox
medical treatment compared to the homeopathic treatment of various hypersensitivity illnesses
in 88 people. 34 of these people were treated using orthodox medical means and 54 using
constitutional homeopathy. 24% of those treated medically experienced an improvement in theircondition while 57% of those treated with homeopathy experienced similar relief.

72. Ludke R, Weisenauer M. A Meta-analysis of Homeopathic Treatment of Pollinosis with
Galphimia glauca. Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, 1997, 147, 14, 323-7. In this analysis, 7
randomised double-blind placebo controlled trials and 4 trials without placebo controls were
examined to determine the therapeutic benefits of Galphimia glauca in pollinosis. In all studies
except for one, Galphimia showed significant benefit over placebo where placebo controls wereused, or showed significant clinical benefit where the remedy was not compared to placebo. The
recovery rates for Galphimia were comparable with those seen with conventionalanti-histamines, but without the same side effects.

73. Maas HPJA. Ulcerative Colitis treated with Homoeopathy British Homoeopathic Journal,
July 1993, 82, 179-185. In this retrospective case analysis, 24 people suffering from ulcerative
colitis were treated in an Argentinian clinic using constitutional homoeopathy over periods of up
to 19 years. Of these 24, 16 patients were assessed as having good outcomes.

74. Manchanda RK, Mehan N, Bahl R, Atey R. Double Blind Placebo Controlled Clinical Trialsof Homoeopathic Medicines in Warts and Molluscum contagiosum, CCRH Quarterly Bulletin,
1997, 19, 25-29.

This trial was reported in two parts, one to evaluate the efficacy ofhomoeopathy for warts (remedies included Ruta graveolens, Nitricum acidum, Dulcamara,
Causticum and Thuja) the other to evaluate the homoeopathic remedy, Calcarea carbonica, for
Molluscum contagiosum. Placebo controlled studies involving a total of 147 subjects using single
remedies in 30C potencies three times daily, 200C twice daily and 1M daily, for 15 days, showedthat homoeopathy was superior to placebo. Thuja was the most successful of the remedies used
for warts.

75. Marian F, Joost K, Saini KD, von Ammon K, Thurneysen A, Busato A. Patient Satisfactionand Side Effects in Primary Care: An observational study comparing Homeopathy andConventional Medicine. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2008 Sep 18;8(1):52. This was a study
carried out by the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health designed to determine levels of patientsatisfaction and the perception of side effects following the use of homeopathic medicine. It waspart of a national program designed to evaluate complementary and alternative medicine use in
Switzerland. The bulk of the data used in the study came from questionnaires filled in over a
specific 4 day period supplied by physicians using conventional medicine, physicians using
homeopathic medicine, and from patients who’d filled in questionnaires mailed to them 1 monthafter treatment. 170 practitioners were involved in the study. A total of 3126 questionnaires
were received by the researchers and analysis of these revealed the following. 21% of thosetreated with homeopathy reported “complete resolution” of the presenting complaint versus 28%of those on conventional therapy and 53% reported “complete satisfaction” with homeopathic
treatment versus 40% of those given conventional therapy. The rate of side effects reported bythose using homeopathy was less than those given conventional medicine.

76. Maronna U, Weiser M, Klein P. Comparison of the Efficacy and Tolerance of Zeel comp. andDiclofenac for the Oral Treatment of Gonarthrosis. Biological Medicine, 2000, 29, 3, 157-158.
Diclofenac, a non-steroidal inflammatory drug, is a commonly prescribed medicine for rheumatic
diseases. The effects of this drug were compared to those of Zeel, a homoeopathic complex
preparation, with 121 people suffering from gonarthrosis. The trial was designed as arandomised, double-blind, actively controlled parallel study. Assessments for pain, stiffness andfunctional ability were carried out at 2, 4, 6 and 10 weeks after commencing treatments and by
the end of the 10 week period, there were no statistical differences observed in the outcomes ofboth treatment regimes. The homoeopathic complex product and the drug were equally effectivein the management of gonarthrosis.

77. Mathie RT, Farrer S. Outcomes from homeopathic prescribing in dental practice: aprospective, research-targeted, pilot study. Homeopathy. 2007 Apr;96(2):74-81. This paper
presented the results of a study into the effectiveness of individualised homeopathic medicines
for the management of common dental complaints and the effectiveness of a specific protocol
used to collect such data. 14 dentists who routinely practice homeopathy contributed data to thestudy and data from the observations of and by 726 individual patients were collected. Of the496 patients who were able to be followed up, 90.1% reported a positive outcome, 1.8%
experienced a deterioration of the condition and 7.9% of patients reported no change.

78. Matusiewicz R. The effect of a homoepathic preparation on the clinical condition of patientswith corticosteroid dependant bronchial asthma. Biomedical Therapy, 1997, June, 15, 3, 70-74.
In this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study, 40 people suffering fromcorticosteroid- dependant bronchial asthma were given either placebo or a combination
homeopathic formula, every 5 to 7 days by subcutaneous injection. Using standard spirometry

and granulocyte function to measure the response, researchers found that the combination
product provided superior results to placebo.

79. McCutcheon LE. Treatment of anxiety with a homoeopathic remedy Journal of Applied
Nutrition, 1996, 48, 1& 2, 2-6. 72 people with above-average levels of anxiety were enrolled inthis double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and assigned to either a test or control (placebo) groupto assess the relative benefits of a combination homeopathic product designed to relieve anxiety.
Using sleep loss as a measure of anxiety, the combination product produced results that were
better than those from placebo.

80. Milewska G, Trzebiatowska-Trzeciak O. Homoeopathic Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal
British Homoeopathic Journal, October 1993, 82, 249-251. Alcohol withdrawal and delirium
tremens experienced by 30 alcoholics was the focus of this uncontrolled study carried out in a
Polish medical clinic. Patients were treated with individualised homeopathy and their progress
followed for 2 months. The treatment resulted in a reduced duration of alcohol withdrawal timeand delirium tremens in all patients.

81. Mohan GR, et al, Cervical Spondylosis- a Clinical Study, British Homoeopathic Journal, July
1996, 85, 131-133. In this uncontrolled study, 154 people suffering from cervical spondylosis
were prescribed either homoeopathic Calcium fluoride, or a remedy selected via repertorisationof their mental and physical general symptoms, and their progress monitored for 1 year. Of
those given Calc fluor, clinical improvement was seen in 60% of cases. 48% of those given theremedy arrived at by repertorisation reported clinical improvement.

82. Mohan GR, Anandhi KS. Efficacy of homeopathic drugs in dermatitis of atopic diathesis.
Homoeopathic Links, 2003, Winter, 16, 4, 257-260. The authors treated 31 people suffering fromeither atopic skin and respiratory symptoms, or atopic skin symptoms alone. Both groups weretreated with individualised homeopathic therapy over a period of 5 years. During a 6 monthassessment period following this treatment, the authors determined that 41% of the group withskin and respiratory symptoms achieved not less than a 76% improvement in symptoms and
58% of the group with skin symptoms alone achieved this outcome.

83. Mohan GR. Efficacy of Homeopathy in Childhood Asthmas. Homeopathic Links, Summer
2007, Vol 20, 104-107. This paper reports of work done in India by homeopath, GR Mohan,looking at the results of the homeopathic treatment of 81 children suffering from clinicallydefined asthma who had previously been treated unsuccessfully with conventional medicine.
This open study involved the use of individually prescribed homeopathic medicines for a periodof 2 years as a means of reducing the recurrence of asthma attacks. Results were assessed
according the 12 point Modified Borg Scale, a subjective scale used to assess the severity ofdyspnoea. At the end of the allotted 2 year period, the results were analysed and it was foundthat asthma had become controlled in 60.5% of children who’d been treated with homeopathy,
and some control was achieved in a further 21%. 12.3% of the group failed to respond to thetreatment. The medicines used most frequently in this study were Arsenicum album, Merc
solubilis, Hepar sulph, Arsenicum iod, Antimony tart, Pulsatilla and Calc carb.

84. Mojaver YN, Mosavi F, Mazaherinezhad A, Shahrdar A, Manshaee K.. Individualized
homeopathic treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: an observational study. Homeopathy. 2007
Apr;96(2):82-6. This uncontrolled study, carried out in the Department of Oral Medicine at
Iran’s Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, was designed to discover if individuallyprescribed homeopathic medicines could provide relief from medically diagnosed trigeminal
neuralgia. 15 people suffering from the condition were enrolled in the study and after receiving
their individual prescriptions they were assessed monthly using a Visual Analogue Scale togauge the severity of their symptoms. After the results were assessed at 4 months it was foundthat individualised homeopathic treatment was associated with an average reduction in pain
intensity of more than 60%.

85. Müller-Krampe B, Oberbaum M, Dipl-Math PK, Weiser M. Effects of Spascupreel versus
hyoscinebutylbromide

forgastrointestinal

crampsinchildren.

Pediatr

Int.

2007

Jun;49(3):328-34. In this observational cohort study, 204 children under 12 years of age
suffering from gastrointestinal spasms and cramps were given either hyoscine butylbromide, adrug commonly prescribed for these conditions, or Spascupreel, a homeopathic complex. After a
1 week period of treatment, the results from these interventions were assessed by a practitioner
reviewing reports from the child’s parent or carer using severity of spasms, pain or cramps,
sleep disturbances, eating or drinking difficulties, and the frequency of crying, to measureoutcomes according to a 4 point scale. Analysis of the results showed that both medicines
provided similar levels of benefit.

86. Muscari-Tomaioli G, Allegri F, Miali E, Pomposelli R, Tubia P, Targhetta A, Castellini M,
Bellavite P. Observational Study of Quality of Life in patients with Headache, receiving
Homeopathic Treatment. British Homoeopathic Journal, 2001, 90, 189-197. In this study, 53
people suffering from headaches were treated by the individual study authors using
constitutionally prescribed homeopathic medicines, completing SF-36 health-related quality oflife questionnaires before and 4-6 months after beginning the treatment. More the 60% of thesubjects experienced an improvement in the condition.

87. Oberbaum M, Schreiber R, Rosenthal C, Itzchaki M. Homeopathic Treatment in Emergency
Medicine, a case series. Homeopathy, 2003, 92, 44-47. In this study, 15 people suffering fromorthopaedic trauma were treated in a medical centre with homoeopathy, in addition to standard
medical treatment. Treatment was commenced 24 hours after admission. All patients initially
received homeopathic Arnica 200C and anxiety was treated with Aconite, Opium, Ignatia or
Arsenicum album, all in 200C potency. 24 hours following this treatment, the majority ofpatients reported a reduction in pain and anxiety. 48 hours after admission, patients weretreated with individualised homoeopathic remedies. At discharge, 67% of patients rated thehomoeopathic treatment as successful.

88. Oberbaum M, Galoyan N, Lerner-Geva L, et al. The effect of the homeopathic remedies
Arnica montana and Bellis perennis on mild postpartum bleeding--a randomized, double-blind,placebo-controlled study: preliminary results. Complement Ther Med. 2005 Jun, 13, 2, 87-90.

Forty women experiencing post-partum bleeding were randomly assigned to receive a mixture of
Arnica 30C and Bellis 30C, Arnica 6C and Bellis 6C, or placebo. Mean haemoglobin values were
measured at 72 hours post-partum, at which point it was found that those women given
homeopathic therapy experienced significantly less change in haemoglobin values than thosegiven placebo.

89. Pai PN; Thiosinaminum in the Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis with Calcaneal Spurs. British
Homoeopathic Journal, October, 1992, 81, 173-175. In this uncontrolled study, 43 people
suffering from plantar fasciitis and calcaneal spurs were treated with homeopathic
Thiosinimum, Thiosinimum and Merc cor, or Thiosinimum and Merc biniod. Thiosinimum alone
proved to be the therapy most likely to be helpful in resolving recently developed cases.

90. Pai PN. Nephrotic Syndrome. British Homoeopathic Journal, 1969, 58, 94. In a case series,
23 children suffering from clinically diagnosed nephrotic syndrome were treated using
individualised homeopathic medicines for periods varying from 1 month to 7 years. Subjects
received acute and/or chronic treatment for the condition and in several acute episodes,
corticosteroid therapy was used, in addition to homeopathic management. For the majority of
the children treated either with homeopathic or a combination of homeopathic and corticosteroid
therapy, the severity of the symptoms they had previously experienced was reduced. The main
homeopathic remedies used in the cases mentioned in this study included homeopathic Apis
mellifica, Arsenicum album, Natrum muriaticum and Silica.

91. Pomposelli R, Piasere V, Andreoni C, Costini G, Tonini E, Spalluzzi A, Observational studyof Homeopathic and Conventional therapies in patients with Diabetic Polyneuropathy.
Homeopathy. 2009 Jan;98(1):17-25. Researchers at the University of Verona in Italy designed
this observational study to compare the effects of homeopathic therapy with conventional drug
therapy for diabetic neuropathy. Over a 12 month period, 32 patients treated with homeopathy
and 29 patients given conventional drug therapy were assessed for clinical symptoms andquality of life at baseline, 6 months and 12 months after beginning treatment. Improvementfrom baseline polyneuropathy symptoms was noted in both groups but only those treatedhomeopathically reached outcomes that were statistically significant. Both groups experienced
improvements in blood pressure and body weight as well as levels of fasting blood glucose andglycated haemoglobin. In addition, only those in the homeopathy group noted an improvement
in quality of life scores over the period of the study. It was also noted that homeopathic
treatment was more economical than the conventional drug alternative.

92. Popov A.V. Homoeopathy in the Treatment of Patients with Fibromyoma of the Uterus.
British Homoeopathic Journal, October 1992, 81, 164-167. In this study, 84 women sufferingfrom various forms of uterine fibromyoma were prescribed individualised homeopathic
medicines over a period of 1 to 3 years. Assessments at the end of the treatment period foundthat pain was improved in 79% of the subjects, abnormal bleeding was improved in 75% ofsubjects and in the majority of subjects the treatment resulted in a reduction of fibromyoma
volume.

93. Rabe A., Weiser M., Klein P. Effectiveness and tolerability of a homoeopathic remedy
compared with conventional therapy for mild viral infections. International Journal of Clinical
Practice, 2004, Sep, 58, 9, 827-32. In this observational cohort study, 485 people with symptomsof mild viral infection (fever, headache, myalgia, cough or sore throat), were treated either via
conventional medical means or with a homeopathic combination product. On a practitioner
evaluation basis, at the end of the treatment period, the homeopathic combination provided a
successful outcome in 78% of cases and conventional treatment in 52% of cases.

94. Rai Y. Treatment of Drug Dependants with Homoeopathy. CCRH Quarterly Bulletin, 16,
3&4, 1994, 25-28. 261 people suffering from symptoms related to the withdrawal from drugs ofdependence were treated with individualised homoeopathy. Remedies were given at 8 to 12hours after ceasing use of the drug. 209 (80%) of the subjects found the treatment to beeffective.

95. Rastogi DP, Singh VP, Singh V, Dey SK, Rao K. Homeopathy in HIV infection. British
Homoeopathic Journal, 1999, 88, 49-57. In a randomised, double-blind placebo controlled trial,
50 people with asymptomatic HIV infection and 50 people with symptomatic (persistent
generalised lymphadenopathy) HIV infection and were given either placebo or an individualised
homoeopathic medicine. Using numbers of pre and post treatment CD4+ve T-lymphocytes as ameasure, it was found that homoeopathic treatment was successful for symptomatic HIV
sufferers, but not for asymptomatic sufferers.

96. Reilly R, Taylor MA, McSharry C, et al. Is Homoeopathy a Placebo Response? Lancet, Oct 18,
1986, 881- 885. 144 people suffering from hayfever were enrolled in a randomised, placebo
controlled trial. The use of 30C mixed grass pollens provided better clinical outcomes thanplacebo.

97. Riley D, Fischer M, Singh B, Haidvogl M, Heger M. Homeopathy and Conventional
Medicine: An Outcomes Study Comparing Effectiveness in a Primary Care Setting. Journal of
Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 2001, Apr, 7, 2, 149-59. In this study, carried out
by 30 investigators, at 6 clinics in 4 countries, 456 patients suffering from upper respiratory
allergies, lower respiratory allergies or ear disorders were assigned to one of two groups- thoseprescribed homeopathic medicines (group A) or those prescribed standard medical treatment(Group B). The outcome measure was the response to treatment after 14 days, as well as the
speed of recovery, rate of side effects, level of general satisfaction and length of consultation. The
response to treatment within 14 days was 82.6% in Group A and 68% in Group B. For recovery
speed, 67% of Group A recovered within 3 days and 57% of Group A recovered at this speed. The
side effect rate for Group A was 8% compared to 22% for Group B. Those claiming to be verysatisfied with their respective treatments were 79% of Group A and 65% of Group B. The
majority (60%) of both groups received consultations that lasted for between 5 and 15 minutes.

98. Riveron-Garrote M, et al. Clinical Trial of Asthma, Boletin Mexicano, 1998, 31, 54-61. In thisdouble-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial, 63 asthma sufferers were treated for 4
months with either specific homoeopathic remedies or placebo. Assessed using peak flow rates,

97% of those taking homoeopathic medicines and 12% or those taking placebo experienced an
improvement.

99. Robertson A, Suryanarayanan R, Banerjee A Homeopathic Arnica montana forpost-tonsillectomy analgesia: a randomised placebo control trial. Homeopathy. 2007 January, 96,
1, 17-21. In this trial, 190 people undergoing tonsillectomy were randomly assigned to receive
Arnica 30C or a placebo at a dose rate of 2 tablets 6 times in the first post-operative day andthen 2 tablets twice a day for the next 7 days. On a patient-assessed 14 days post-operativevisual analogue scale for pain, those given the Arnica 30C were found to have a statisticallysignificant decrease in pain scores compared to placebo.

100. Robinson T. Responses to homeopathic treatment in National Health Service generalpractice. Homeopathy. 2006 Jan;95(1):9-14. This study was designed to determine the level of
effectiveness of homeopathy as used in a general practice clinic where the standard 10 minuteconsultation time applies. To do this, 5,331 patient files, taken from one 12 month period in one
general practice clinic, were examined and those files that described a consultation where ahomeopathic medicine was given were separated out for analysis. This produced a total of 489
consultations that resulted in a homeopathic medicine prescription. Of these, 78% of patients
had a positive response to their treatment with homeopathy, 19% had no response, and 3% had
a negative response.

101. Sanchez-Resendiz J, Guzman-Gomez F. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Boletin Mexicano deHomeopatica, 30, 1997, 11-15. 36 women suffering from Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS),
and fitting the mental picture of the homoeopathic remedy Pulsatilla, were given Pulsatilla 6C,
4 hourly throughout the day for 2 weeks after the end of menstruation, and this was repeatedfor 4 consecutive cycles. At the end of the trial 30 of the 36 women had complete disappearanceof the symptoms of PCOS and the production of normal ovulating follicles and a further 4 of the
36 became asymptomatic

102.Saruggia M, Corghi E. Effects of homoeopathic dilutions of China rubra on intradialytic
symptomatology in patients treated with haemodialysis. British Homoeopathic Journal, 1992,
April, 81, 2, 86-88. Using a double-blind, randomised, crossover, placebo- controlled trial design,
35 people with end-stage renal failure on regular haemodialysis were assessed to determine
their response to either placebo or China rubra 9C. Those people using the China experienced
statistically significant relief from asthenia, headache and lethargy.

103. Schlappack O. Homeopathic treatment of radiation induced itching in breast cancer
patients. A prospective observational study. Homeopathy, 2004, 93, 210-215. 25 women
suffering from post-radiotherapy induced itching were treated at the University of Vienna’s
Department of Radiotherapy and Radiobiology using individualised homeopathic medicines.
After assessment (1-27 days after beginning the treatment) it was found that homeopathic
treatment had been successful in 21 of the women enrolled in the study.

104. Schmidt CA. Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial: Arnica montana Applied Topically to
Subcutaneous Mechanical Injuries. Journal of the American Institute of Homeopathy, Winter1996, 89, 4, 186- 193. In this trial 141 runners were asked to use topical preparations containing
placebo, Arnica 1X or Arnica 6C, and to rate the effectiveness of the preparations at relieving
post-exercise muscle soreness. The preparation containing Arnica provided superior results toplacebo and preparation containing Arnica 1X was reported to be superior to that containing
Arnica 6C.

105. Schmiedel V, Klein P. A complex homeopathic preparation for the symptomatic treatmentof upper respiratory infections associated with the common cold: An observational study.
Explore (NY). 2006 Mar;2 (2):109-14. 379 people suffering from upper respiratory infections
were given either conventional medical treatment (antihistamines, anti-tussives, or
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) or a combination homeopathic product. Using variables
such as fatigue, sensation of illness, chill/tremor, aching joints, overall severity of illness, sum of
all clinical variables, and temperature to assess the effects of either form of therapy, theresearchers found that both approaches were effective, although the homeopathic combination
provided faster relief from symptoms (77% were improved within 3 days compared to 62%).

106. Schneider C, Klein P, Stolt P, Oberbaum M. A homeopathic ointment preparationcompared with 1% diclofenac gel for acute symptomatic treatment of tendinopathy. Explore(NY). 2005 Nov, 1, 6, 446-52. In this non-randomised, observational study carried out in 95
German homeopathic and conventional medical clinics, 357 people with various forms of
tendinopathy were given either an ointment containing a mixture of homeopathic remedies, orDiclofenac (a popular nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent), for up to 28 days. Using afour-degree scale on pain-related variables related to motility, and on overall treatment outcome,the ointment containing the mixture of homeopathic remedies provided a therapeutic outcomethat was superior to Diclofenac.

107. Schneider C, Schneider B, Hanisch J, van Haselen R. The role of a homoeopathic
preparation compared with conventional therapy in the treatment of injuries: an observational
cohort study. Complement Ther Med. 2008 Feb;16(1):22-7. The researchers in this study set out
to compare the effectiveness of a homeopathic combination product (Traumeel) withconventional medical treatment ,for injuries. 125 people suffering from various musculoskeletal
injuries were treated either with the homeopathic combination or conventional medicine andwere assessed for resolution of the complaint at the end of the trial period. At this point, the
59.4% of the group receiving the homeopathic combination had complete resolution comparedwith 57.8% of the group treated with conventional medicine. 6.3% of the latter groupexperienced adverse reactions to the treatment and none of those on the homeopathic
combination experienced side effects.

108. Schroder D, Weiser M, Klein P. Efficacy of a Homeopathic Crataegus preparation comparedwith usual therapy for Mild Cardiac Insufficiency: Results of an Observational Cohort Study.
European Journal of Heart Failure, 2003, June, 5, 3, 319-26. In a non-randomised cohort study,
212 people suffering from mild cardiac insufficiency were given Cralonin, a homoeopathic
combination product, or a combination of an ACE inhibitor and diuretic (a combination medical

therapy normally prescribed for this condition). Both products were similarly effective incontrolling the condition.

109. Seeley BM, Denton AB, Ahn MS, et al. Effect of homeopathic Arnica montana on bruisingin face-lifts: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Arch Facial
Plast Surg. 2006 Jan-Feb, 8, 1, 54-9. In this trial, 29 people who were undergoing facelifts wererandomised to receive either perioperative homeopathic arnica, or placebo. They were examined
post-operatively for bruising at days 1, 5, 7 and 10. Assessment done at days 1 and 7 showed asignification reduction in bruising when compared to placebo.

110. Sevar R. Audit of outcome in 829 consecutive patients treated with homeopathic medicines.
British Homeopathic Journal, 2000, 89, 178- 187. In this study, consecutive patient files in asingle homeopathic clinic were examined to determine the success or otherwise of this form oftreatment. Of the 829 patients surveyed, 61% had a sustained improvement from theirconstitutional homeopathic treatment.

111. Sevar R. Audit of outcome in 455 consecutive patients treated with homeopathic medicines.
Homeopathy. 2005 Oct, 94, 4, 215-21. This study examined the effect of individualised
homeopathic treatment of 455 consecutive patients in a homeopathic medical clinic who’dpreviously had unsuccessful orthodox medical treatment or were considered to be unsuitable fororthodox medical treatment. Of these, 67% derived benefit from homeopathic therapy, and 33%
were able to stop or maintain a substantial reduction in their pharmaceutical drug therapy.

112. Shackleton M.F., Tondora CM, Whiting S, Whitney M. The Effect of Homeopathic Coca on
High Altitude Mountain Sickness. Complementary Health Practice Review, 2000, 6, 1, 45- 55.
11 members of the 1998 Everest Challenge Expedition were given either placebo or Coca 200C
daily. Assessed on the primary symptoms of altitude sickness as well as oxygen saturation,
those using the homoeopathic medicine showed significantly less signs and symptoms of altitude

sickness.

113. Shealy CN, Thomlinson PR, Cox RH, Bormeyer V. Osteoarthritis Pain: A Comparison of
Homoeopathy and Acetaminophen. American Journal of Pain Management, 8, 3, July 1998,
89-91. In this trial, 65 sufferers of osteoarthritis (OA) were split into 2 groups, and through adouble blinding process were given either a homoeopathic medicine or Acetaminophen, acommonly prescribed drug for pain relief in OA. Researchers found that homoeopathy provided
a level of pain relief that was superior to Acetaminophen, and produced no adverse reactions.

114. Smith SA, Baker AE, Williams JH. Effective Treatment of Seborrhaic Dermatitis using a
Low Dose Oral Homeopathic Medication. Alternative Medicine Reviews, 2002, Feb, 7, 1, 59-67.
41 patients with seborrhaic dermatitis received either placebo or a homoeopathic combination
product for 10 weeks. Significant improvement was seen in the test group when compared tothose using placebo.

115. Spence DS, Thompson EA, Barron SJ. Homeopathic treatment for chronic disease: a 6-year,
university-hospital outpatient observational study. J Altern Complement Med. 2005 Oct, 11, 5,
793-8. This study looked at the effectiveness of individualised homeopathic therapy over a 6 year
period in a UK homeopathic hospital outpatient department. The results from 6544 consecutive
patients were examined, and when compared to baseline observations it was found that of thesepatients, 70% reported an improvement in their conditions.

116. Stanton HE. Test and Anxiety- A Five Drop Solution. Education News, 1981, 17, 6, 12-15.
In this trial, 40 students suffering from test-induced anxiety were given either homeopathic
Argentum nitricum 12X or placebo. The level of test-induced anxiety was significantly reduced
from the homeopathic medicine when compared to the placebo and this effect appeared topersist over time.

117. Steinsbekk A, Ludtke R. Patients' assessments of the effectiveness of homeopathic care in
Norway: a prospective observational multicentre outcome study. Homeopathy, 2005, 94, 1, 10-6.
In this prospective uncontrolled observational multi-centre outcome study, 654 people who’dvisited 80 Norwegian homeopaths were asked to assess, via a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) the
effectiveness of this form of treatment comparing the VAS score at their first consultation with
the VAS score 6 months later. After the results were collated it was found that 70% of thosepeople visiting a Norwegian homeopath reported a meaningful improvement in their main
complaint 6 months after the initial consultation.

118. Strauss LC. The Efficacy of a Homeopathic Preparation in the Management of Attention
Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Biomedical Therapy, 2000, 18, 2, 197- 201. 20 children suffering
from

ADHD,

were

given

eitherplaceboorahomoeopathic

combination(Heel

Selenium-Homaccord) and were assessed in accordance with pre and post test conduct andpsychosomatic problems, impulsivity and anxiety. The homoeopathic combination provided
superior results to those of placebo.

119. Taylor MA, Reilly D, Llewellan-Jones RH, McSharry C, Aitchison TC. Randomised
Controlled Trial of Homoeopathy versus Placebo in Perennial Allergic Rhinitis with Overview ofFour Trial Series. British Medical Journal, 2000, 321, 471-476, 19 August. 51 people sufferingfrom allergic rhinitis were randomly assigned either homeopathically potentised allergens orplacebo. Those given the medicine experienced significant relief over those assigned the placebo.

120. Trichard M, Chaufferin G, Nicoloyannis N. Pharmaco-economic comparison between
homeopathic and antibiotic treatment strategies in recurrent acute rhinopharyngitis in children.
Homeopathy. 2005, 94, 1, 3-9. In this 6 month prospective study involving 499 children sufferingfrom acute rhinopharyngitis, the effectiveness, quality of life and cost of treatment withhomeopathic (Group A) versus antibiotic (Group B) medicines, as prescribed by French medical
practitioners, were assessed. Effectiveness, as measured by the numbers of episodes occurringsubsequent to treatment, was 2.71 for Group A and 3.97 for Group B and quality of life asmeasured by the ParEnt-Qol scale was 21 for Group A versus 30 for Group B, which indicates ahigher quality of life for those in Group A. In regard to costs, average direct medical costs were
88 Euros for Group A and 99 for Group B. Parental sick-leave affected 9.5% of the parents fromGroup A and 30% for Group B.

121. Tuten C, McLung J. Reducing Muscle Soreness with Arnica Montana. Alternative andComplementary Therapies, December 1999, 5, 6, 369- 372. 23 people were given either placebo
or Arnica 6X for the management of delayed onset muscle soreness after exercise. Outcomes
were assessed subjectively by the participants themselves, and by creatinine kinase (CK) assays.
CK levels are indicative of muscle or connective tissue damage. While there was only a small
subjective difference between the 2 groups, the people using Arnica 6X produced less CK thanthose using placebo, which tends to indicate that those using Arnica experienced less tissue
damage on exertion.

122. Tveiten D, Bruset S, Borchgrevink CFS, Norsch J. Arnica and Muscle Soreness. Focus on
Alternative and Complementary Medicine (FACT), 1998, 3 (4), 155-156. 46 competitors in the 3
day 1995 Oslo marathon were randomly assigned either homeopathic Arnica or placebo twice
daily and assessed for muscle soreness after the event. Those using Arnica found significant
relief with the medicine over the placebo.

123. Tveiten D, Bruset S. Effect of Arnica D30 in marathon runners. Pooled results from two
double-blind placebo controlled studies. Homeopathy. 2003 Oct;92(4):187-9. In this study
combing the effects of two clinical trials on homeopathic Arnica D30 (30X), the homoeopathic
remedy was compared to placebo in 82 Oslo marathon runners for muscle enzymes, electrolytes
and creatinine (indicating cell damage) and the subjective control of muscular soreness. Thoserunners taking Arnica experienced less muscle soreness when compared to placebo, but there
was no difference between both groups for muscle enzymes, electrolytes and creatinine.

124. Van Erp VM, Brands M. Homoeopathic Treatment of Malaria in Ghana. British
Homoeopathic Journal, 1996, April, 85, 2, 66-70. In a randomised double blind trial with limited
numbers of subjects, homoeopathic treatment was compared to treatment by Chloroquine. The
group using homoeopathic medicines experienced an 83.3% improvement, while the group using
Chloroquine experienced a 72% improvement within the same time period.

125. Van Haselen RA, Fisher PA. A randomized controlled trial comparing topical piroxicam gelwith a homeopathic gel in osteoarthritis of the knee. Rheumatology, 2000, Jul, 39, 7, 714-9. In
this controlled double-blind trial, 172 people with radiographically confirmed symptomatic
osteoarthritis of the knee were randomly assigned to receive treatment with either piroxicam gel(a commonly prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory gel) or a gel containing 3 homeopathic
ingredients (Symphytum, Rhus tox and Ledum). At the conclusion of the trial it was found thatthe gel containing the homeopathic ingredients was at least as effective as the piroxicam gel.

126. Van Wasserhoven M., Ives G. An Observational Study of Patients receiving Homeopathic
Treatment. Homeopathy, 2004, 93, 3-11. 782 people suffering from a wide range of diseases who
had visited 80 general medical practices in Belgium were treated with individualised
homeopathic medicines over an average period of 9 years and 2 months. Most of these people
had previously been treated using conventional drugs. The outcomes from this treatment wereassessed both by the patients and the practitioners via questionnaires. 13% of the patientsassessed in the study expressed satisfaction with previous conventional treatment and 89% of
patients expressed satisfaction with their homeopathic treatment.

127. Von Gasssinger C. A., Wunstel G., Netter P. A Controlled Clinical Trial for Testing the
Efficacy of the Homoeopathic Drug Eupatorium perfoliatum D2 in the Treatment of Common
Cold. Arzneimittel Forschung, 1981, 31, 4, 732-736. In this trial, 53 people suffering from thecommon cold were given either acetylsalicylic acid or Eupatorium perfoliatum 2X. Eupatorium
was shown to be as effective as the acetylsalicylic acid in its ability to provide benefit to those
suffering from the common cold.

128. Walach H, Möllinger H, Sherr J, Schneider R. Homeopathic Pathogenetic Trials produce
More Specific than Non-Specific Symptoms: Results from Two Double-Blind Placebo Controlled
Trials. J Psychopharmacol. 2008 Jul;22(5):543-52. Professor Harold Walach of the University ofNorthampton and his colleagues have made something of a habit of carrying out provings ofhomeopathic medicines (particularly Belladonna) within fairly rigidly controlled settings. In thisinstance the researchers set up 2 studies, both of which were carried out in blinded conditions.
The first of these compared the symptoms seen in a controlled proving of homeopathically
prepared Ozone with the effects of a placebo used in the same way. The second test compared
the symptoms seen in a controlled proving of homeopathically prepared Ozone and Iridium,used individually, with the symptoms seen from the use of placebo. On analysis, the results
showed that both Ozone and Iridium, when used under proving conditions, produced astatistically significant level of symptoms specific to the original provings for the homeopathic
preparation.

129. Waldschütz R, Klein P. The homeopathic preparation Neurexan Vs. Valerian for theTreatment of Insomnia: An observational study. Scientific World Journal. 2008 Apr 20; 8:
411-20. This German study, conducted across 89 clinics, compared the effects of a homeopathic
combination preparation to valerian on sleep latency (the time take to fall asleep), sleep
duration, the quality of sleep, and daytime fatigue, over a period of 28 days. 409 people wereenrolled in the study and analysis of the results found an improvement from both medicineswith a reduction in latency time (37.3 minutes for the combination versus 38.2 minutes forvalerian) and increase in sleep duration (2.2 hours for the combination versus 2 hours forvalerian). The primary difference between the 2 interventions appeared to be that the
homeopathic combination resulted in less daytime fatigue than valerian- 49% versus 32%.

130. Weatherley-Jones E, Nicholl JP, Thomas KJ, Parry GJ, McKendrick MW, Green ST,
Stanley PJ, Lynch SP. A randomised, controlled, triple-blind trial of the efficacy of homeopathic
treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2004, Feb, 56, 2,
189-97. In this well-controlled trial, where the practitioners, trial subjects and data analysts

were all blinded to the group assignments until the end of the data collection period,
individualised homeopathic prescriptions were compared to placebo in 79 people suffering fromchronic fatigue syndrome (as determined by the Oxford criteria for CFS). The trial was carriedout over a 6 month period with monthly observations used to determine clinical progress
according to the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) as a primary measure and theFatigue Impact Scale and Functional Limitations Profile as secondary measures. On the
primary MFI measure, those using the individualised homeopathy had significant improvement
over placebo.

131. Weiser M, Clasen BPE. Controlled Double Blind study of a Homoeopathic Sinusitis
Medication. Biological Therapy, 1995, 13, 1, 4- 11. In a randomised double-blind placebo
controlled trial, 155 people suffering from sinusitis were given either a placebo or ahomoeopathic combination (Heel Euphorbium compositum). Subjective responses showed agreater improvement in those using the homoeopathic combination than those given placebo.

132. Weisser M, Strosser W, Klein P. Homeopathic vs Conventional Treatment of Vertigo. Arch
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 1998, Aug, 124, 8, 879-885. A study group of 119 people sufferingfrom vertigo were treated either with betahistine hydrochloride (acting as an active control,
commonly prescribed by medical authorities for this condition) or a homoeopathic complex. Bothof the interventions were equally successful in relieving vertigo.

133. Weiser M, Gegenheimer LH, Klein P. A Randomised Equivalence Trial Comparing the
Efficacy and Safety of Luffa comp.-Heel Nasal Spray with Cromolyn Sodium Spray in theTreatment of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis. Forschende Komplementarmedizin, 1999, 6, 142-148.
In this trial, 146 people suffering from hay fever were treated with either Luffa comp.-Heel
Nasal Spray (a homoeopathic combination product) or with Cromolyn Sodium Spray (apharmaceutical drug commonly prescribed for hay fever). The treatment outcomes were
measured according to a quality of life scale and both medicines provided the same level ofremission of the condition, which was rapid and persistent.

134. Widrig R, Suter A, Saller R, Melzer J. Choosing between NSAID and arnica for topicaltreatment of hand osteoarthritis in a randomised, double-blind study. Rheumatol Int. 2007
Apr;27(6):585-91. Using a double-blind protocol, 204 people suffering from radiologicallyconfirmed and symptomatically active osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to receive either
topical arnica or topical ibuprofen to be applied to the area where the condition was active. The
success or failure of the treatments was assessed according to functional ability of the affectedpart and pain intensity in this area after 21 days of continuous treatment. Assessment of theresults at the end of this period found that topical arnica was as successful as topical ibuprofen
for the management of osteoarthritis.

135. Wiesenauer M, Haussler S, Gaus W.

Pollinosis therapy with Galphimia glauca.

Fortschritte der Medezin, 1983, 101, 17, 811-814. Using a randomised, placebo-controlled,
double-blind, multi-centre design in this trial, 86 people suffering from hay fever were treatedfor 5 and a half weeks with either homeopathic Galphimia glauca 4X or placebo. Therapeutic
success was seen in 83% of those using the Galphimia and 47% of those using placebo.

136. Wiesenauer M, Gaus W, Haussler S. Treatment of Pollinosis with Galphimia glauca.
Allergologie, 1990, 10, 359-363. 54 practitioners treated 201 people suffering from hay fever
either with placebo or homeopathic Galphimia glauca. Assessment at the end of the 5 weektreatment period found that nasal symptoms were cured or significantly improved in 77% ofsubjects using Galphimia versus 46% of those using placebo and eye symptoms were cured orsignificantly improved in 77% of subjects using Galphimia versus 51% of those using placebo.

137. Wiesenauer M, Gaus W. Proof of the Effectiveness of a Homeopathic Preparation in
Chronic Polyarthritis. Erzten Akt Rheumatol, 1991, 16, 1-9. In this randomised, double-blind
clinical trial, 111 people being treated by 6 general practitioners for rheumatoid arthritis were
given either placebo or a combination of homeopathic Berberis, Bryonia, Ledum, Nux vomica
and Ledum. Using pain, stiffness, inflammatory signs, fatigue and a functional index todetermine clinical outcomes, at the end of the 12 week treatment period it was found that the
homeopathic combination provided superior results to those of placebo.

138. Witt CM, Ludtke R, Baur R, Willich SN. Homeopathic medical practice: long-term resultsof a cohort study with 3981 patients. BMC Public Health. 2005 Nov, 3, 5, 115. In this study,
3981 patients being treated in private homeopathic medical clinics in Germany and Switzerland
were assessed for the effectiveness of their homeopathic treatment over a 2 year period. When
compared to baseline assessments taken immediately before treatment had begun, the adults inthe study experienced a reduction in disease severity of 52% and children by 64%.

139. Witt C, Keil T, Selim D, Roll S, Vance W, Wegscheider K, Willich SN. Outcome and costs ofhomoeopathic and conventional treatment strategies: a comparative cohort study in patientswith chronic disorders. Complement Ther Med. 2005 Jun;13(2):79-86. This cohort study, carriedout in Germany, examined the outcomes of homeopathic treatment compared to the orthodox
medical treatment of 493 people suffering from a range of chronic illnesses including headache,
lower back pain, insomnia, depression, bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis.
The patients’ assessments, taken at 6 months and 12 months from the beginning of thetreatment, found that homeopathy provided a greater level of improvement in their illnesses
than orthodox medical intervention. This difference appeared to be more pronounced in children
than in adults. In regard to the cost of each type of therapy, this study showed these costs to be
similar to each other.

140. Witt CM, Ludtke R, Mengler N, Willich SN. How healthy are Chronically Ill Patients afterEight years of Homeopathic Treatment? - Results from a long term observational study. BMC
Public Health 2008, 8:413. German academic and researcher Professor Claudia Witt has been
responsible for a number of excellent papers on homeopathy and in this, she and co-workers
drew data from 103 Swiss and German homeopathic medicine clinics in an effort to determine
the level of change to the health status of patients over periods of 2 and 8 years, as a result of
homeopathic intervention, over these times. Data was collected from 3709 patients who wereasked to assess the level of change to the severity of their medical complaints and quality of life,

at the time of first consultation, at 2 years, and at 8 years from that point. The data from adults
and children were assessed separately and the former experienced an average reduction indisease severity from 6.2 at baseline to 2.9 at 2 years to 2.2 at 8 years. For children, a reduction
from a baseline disease severity of 6.1 to 2.1 at 2 years was noted and then to 1.7 at 8 years.
Physical and mental quality of life scores for both groups increased significantly over the study
period and interestingly, researchers found that, within the confines of this study, the younger
the patient and the more severe the medical condition, the better the potential for thetherapeutic success of homeopathy.

141. Wolf M, Tamaschke C, Mayer W, Heger M. Efficacy of Arnica in varicose vein surgery:results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Forsch Komplementarmed
Klass Naturheilkd. 2003 Oct;10(5):242-7. In this trial homeopathic Arnica D12 (12X) was
compared to placebo, to determine its effect on the size and pain of bruising after surgery.
Arnica was used once prior to surgery and then 3 times a day for 2 weeks after surgery. 60
people participated in the trial and on completion it was found that Arnica reduced the size ofthe bruising by 76% compared to 72% for placebo and pain was reduced by 43% from arnica andby 28% from the placebo.

142. Yakir M, Kreitler S, et al. Homoeopathic Treatment of Premenstrual Syndrome. British
Homoeopathic Journal, July, 1995, 84, 182-183. In a double blind randomised placebo controlled
trial carried out in an Israeli hospital, 19 women suffering from clinically diagnosed PMS weretreated with individualised homoeopathy or placebo. The homoeopathic treatment provided
significant improvement over placebo.

143. Yakir M, Kreitler S, Brzezinski A, Vithoulkas G, Oberbaum M, Bentwich Z. Effects ofHomeopathic Treatment in Women with Premenstrual Syndrome: a Pilot Study. British
Homoeopathic Journal, 2001, 90, 148-153. 20 women suffering from PMS were enrolled into thisrandomised, controlled, double-blind trial to receive one of 5 symptomatically selected
homeopathic remedies, or placebo. Using daily menstrual distress scores before and at the end of
the trial, improvement greater than 30% was experienced by 90% of those using thehomeopathic medicine and 37.5% of those using the placebo.

144. Zambrano OC. The Effects of a Complex Homoeopathic Preparation on Aerobic Resistance,
Aerobic Capacity, Strength and Flexibility. Biomedical Therapy, 2000, 18, 1, 172- 175. 25 people
were assessed before and after exercise for the effects of a homoeopathic combination(Rendimax) on their cellular oxygenation rate, lactate accumulation, and recovery time after
exercise. These were compared with the same parameters for 25 people who had undergone thesame exercise regime without the use of this medication. Those using the homoeopathic
combination exhibited improvement in all parameters measured.

145. Zell J, Connert WG, Mau J, Feuerstake G. Treatment of Acute Sprains of the Ankle.
Biological Therapy, 7, 1, 1989, 106. Under double blind placebo controlled trial conditions,patients using an ointment containing homoeopathic ingredients for soft tissue injury foundsignificant relief with the medicine when compared to the effects of placebo.

Animal studies

1. Aboiutboul R. Snake remedies and eosinophilic granuloma complex in cats. Homeopathy,
2006 January, 95, 1, 15-19. An Israeli veterinary clinic compiled case records involving
Eosinophilic granuloma complex (EGC) in cats taken over an 8 year period. 20 cases of thecondition were seen during this period and details of 15 of these cases were recorded. EGC is a
syndrome characterised by lesions affecting the skin and the oral cavity. Conventional
treatment is mainly symptomatic and may have undesirable side effects. The cases recorded
involved the use of homeopathic snake remedies (the most frequently used being Lachesis) andin all 15 cases, reactions were mostly quick, leading to significant improvements, including
complete recoveries.

2. Banerjee P, Bhattacharyya SS, Pathak S, Naoual B, Belon P, Khuda-Bukhsh AR.
Comparative Efficacy of Two Microdoses of a Potentized Homeopathic Drug, Arsenicum album,
to Ameliorate Toxicity Induced by Repeated Sublethal Injections of Arsenic trioxide in Mice.
Pathobiology. 2008;75(3):156-70. This subject has had previous attention by Datta, Kundu andothers, and in this randomised controlled trial, 6C and 30C homeopathic potencies of Arsenicum
album (Arsenic trioxide) were given to mice prior to exposure to material doses of arsenic
trioxide, as a means of determining whether or not the potentised Arsenicum album had any
influence on the effects of arsenic. Mice were divided into 6 groups with 1 group receiving 6C
Arsenicum album, another group receiving 30C Arsenicum album, and the remaining 4 groups
receiving various control substances. Cellular and various biochemical parameters such as acidand alkaline phosphatases, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, glutathione, lipid
peroxidation, catalase and succinate dehydrogenase were assessed at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days
from the beginning of the study. On analysis of these results it was found that both the 6C and
30C potencies of Arsenicum album provided protection against the effects of arsenic trioxide,with the 30C providing a slightly better level of protection than the 6C.

3. Bhattacharjee N, Pathak S, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Amelioration of Carcinogen-Induced Toxicity
in Mice by Administration of a Potentized Homeopathic Drug, Natrum Sulphuricum 200. Evid
Based Complement Alternat Med. 2009, 6, 1, 65-75. Researchers at India’s University of
Kalyani, expanding on work that had been previously been done in area, designed a trial to
discover whether or not the homeopathic product, Nat sulph 200C was able to protect miceagainst the effects of liver carcinogens, when compared to controls. Using various enzyme
assays and other tests to determine the effects of the product, Nat sulph 200C was found to
reduce genomic and other carcinogenic effects as well as liver tumor formation caused byhepatocarcinigens, and to also increase the in-vivo levels of glutathione.

4. Berchieri A Jr, Turco WC, Paiva JB, et al. Evaluation of isopathic treatment of Salmonella
enteritidis in poultry. Homeopathy. 2006 Apr, 95, 2, 94-7. 180 chickens were divided into 4groups. 2 of these groups were given pre-treatment with placebo and 2 were given different
pre-treatment with preparations of a homeopathic nosode made from an antibiotic resistantstrain of Salmonella enterica (Enteritidis) at a 30X potency, over a 10 day period. On day 17 thechickens were challenged with a culture of the same species of Salmonella from which thenosode was made. Cloacal swabs taken twice daily from the chickens at this point revealed thatthe birds that received the nosode showed a reduction in the growth of the bacteria compared tothose given placebo.

5. Biswas SJ, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Evaluation of protective potentials of a potentized
homeopathic drug, Chelidonium majus, during azo dye induced hepatocarcinogenesis in mice.
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 2004, Jul, 42, 7, 698-714. In this study, groups of mice
were given substances that would normally be expected to induce the formation of liver cancer.
At the same time, selected groups of these mice were given either homeopathic Chelidonium in
30C or 200C potencies or a placebo control. Both potencies of chelidonium provided a significant
protective effect against the formation of liver cancers and favourably modulated some of thehaematological markers normally associated with hepatotoxicity.

6. Biswas SJ, Pathak S, Bhattacharjee N, Das JK, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Efficacy of the potentized
homeopathic drug, Carcinosin 200, fed alone and in combination with another drug,
Chelidonium 200, in amelioration of p-dimethylaminoazobenzene-induced hepatocarcinogenesis
in mice. J Altern Complement Med. 2005 Oct;11(5):839-54. Mice suffering from liver cancers
were given either homeopathic Carcinosin 200C, or a combination of Carcinosn 200C andChelidonium 200C over a period of 120 days, and the ability of these to ameliorate the cancers
was compared to the effects of potentised alcohol over the same period of time. After the results
were analysed it was found that both of the homeopathic remedies were effective inameliorating these cancers. In addition, they were both individually effective in protecting
against the development of any further hepatocarcinogenesis and the combination of the 2
homeopathic medicines were slightly more so.

7. Cazin JC, Cazin M, Gaborit JL, et al. A Study of the Effect of Decimal and Centessimal
Dilutions of Arsenic on the Retention and Mobilisation of Arsenic in the Rat. Human Toxicol,
1987, 6, 315-320. Radioactively labelled arsenious anhydride was administered to 60 rats. The

rats were then given various homeopathic potencies (10X to 30X and 5C to 15C) of arsenicum
album or a potentised water control. All of the potencies successfully increased the excretion
rate of the radio-labelled arsenious anhydride when compared with the control, with the highest
level of excretion being produced by the 14X and 7C potencies.

8. Chakrabarti J, Biswas SJ, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Cytogenetical Effects of Sonication in Miceand their Modulations by Actinomycin D and a Homeopathic drug, Arnica 30. Indian Journal of
Experimental Biology, 2001, December, 39, 12, 1235-42. Mice were exposed to ultrasonication(high frequency shaking) and assessed for the effects of the unltrasonication after theadministration of either Arnica 30 or Actinomycin D. These interventions were assessed against
controls for parameters such as chromosome aberrations, mitotic index, sperm head anomaly
and micronucleated erythrocytes. In comparison the control mice, the mice that were given
Arnica 30, had appreciably reduced effects from the ultrasonication, indicating that Arnica 30
can ameliorate the cellular and subcellular damage resulting from this form of physical trauma.

9. Chaudhuri S, Varshney JP Clinical management of babesiosis in dogs with homeopathic
Crotalus horridus 200C. Homeopathy. 2007 Apr;96(2):90-4. Babesiosis is a protozoal disease
suffered by dogs. It’s associated with infestation by Babesia gibsoni and is normally transmitted
by ticks. In this clinical case comparison the effects of Crotalus horridus 200C on dogs sufferingfrom this condition were compared with the effects of the standard pharmaceutical treatment,
diminazine aceturate. At 18 days after the medications were given results were assessed and on
the clinical scores for the various symptoms produced by the dogs in response to the protozoa, it
was found that Crotalus horridus 200C provided the same level of clinical recovery from theillness as did diminazine aceturate.

10. Datta S, Mallick P, Bukhsh AR. Efficacy of a potentized homoeopathic drug (Arsenicum
album-30) in reducing genotoxic effects produced by arsenic trioxide in mice: II. Comparative
efficacy of an antibiotic, actinomycin D alone and in combination with either of two microdoses.
Complement Ther Med. 1999 Sep;7(3):156-63. This study, carried out at the University of
Kalyani in India’s West Bengal, was part of an ongoing series of trials looking at the use ofhomeopathically potentised arsenic to protect against the effects of exposure to material doses ofarsenic, this latter being a serious health issue in several parts of India and elsewhere. The
efficacy of Arsenicum album 30C and 200C have already been demonstrated to be effective
against the toxicity from arsenic in previous experiments and in this particular study, theinfluence of the DNA transcription inhibitor, actinomycin D, on the protective effects of thehomeopathic medicines was assessed. Compared to controls it was found that the use of theactinomycin D did inhibit the protective effects of Arsenicum album 30C and 200C against
arsenic toxicity.

11. Datta SS, Mallick PP, Rahman Khuda-Bukhsh AA. Comparative efficacy of two microdosesof a potentized homoeopathic drug, Cadmium sulphoricum, in reducing genotoxic effects
produced by cadmium chloride in mice: a time course study. BMC Complement Altern Med.
2001;1:9. In a similar study to that described above, researchers again tested the hypothesisthat the homeopathically potentised version of a potentially toxic substance could protect
against the effects of the substance from which it’s derived. In this case, the protective effects ofhomeopathic Cadmium sulph 30C and 200C were used in an attempt to control the genotoxic
effects of cadmium in mice exposed to this element. When the results of this study wereanalysed it was found that the homeopathic medicine did provide a statistically significant
protective action against the effects of cadmium.

12. Daurat V, Dorfman P, Bastide M. Immunomodulatory activity of low doses of interferonalpha,beta in mice. Biomed Pharmacother. 1988;42(3):197-206. This was a placebo controlled
study designed to ascertain what effects, if any, divided doses of interferon alpha,beta,potentised to 10X, had on specific immune responses of mice, in particular the cytotoxic activityof allospecific T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells. The authors of the study found that,compared to the controls, mice given Interferon alpha,beta 10X produced a statisticallysignificant increase in all of the specific immune response variables measured.

13. Day C. Stillbirth in Pigs. Veterinary Record, 1984, 9114, 216. 20 sows were randomly
assigned to receive either homeopathic Caullophyllum 30C or placebo, to determine if the formerhad any affect on reducing the number of stillbirths experienced by these sows. On analysis, it
was found that the sows given Caulophyllum had a stillbirth rate of 11.5%, and those given
placebo had a rate of 26%, showing quite clearly that the homeopathic medicine successfully
reduced the rate of stillbirths.

14. de Paula Coelho C, D'Almeida V, Pedrazzolli-Neto M, Duran-Filho C, Florio JC, Zincaglia
LM, Bonamin LV. Therapeutic and pathogenetic animal models for Dolichos pruriens.
Homeopathy. 2006 Jul, 95, 3, 136-43. This study was designed to determine the effect of various
homeopathic potencies of Dolichos pruriens on artificially induced itch in laboratory rats, andalso to determine if these potencies could elicit a proving effect in normal rats. In the first part ofthis study (performed blind) the rats with the induced itch were given ascending potencies of theremedy over a 30 day period and the results compared to placebo controls. It was found that all
potencies of the remedy provided a therapeutic effect against the induced itch. In the second
part of the study, also performed blind, no proving effects were seen.

15. Dos Santos AL, Perazzo FF, Cardoso LG, Carvalho JC. In vivo study of theanti-inflammatory effect of Rhus toxicodendron. Homeopathy. 2007 Apr;96(2):95-101. This
study was essentially designed to do 2 things; to determine which homeopathic potency of Rhus
tox provides the most effective anti-inflammatory action, and to reconfirm the results ofprevious studies aimed at demonstrating any anti-inflammatory effect of Rhus tox. Of 6C, 12C,
30C and 200C potencies of this remedy, 6C was found to provide the highest level of activity,
and, using an in-vivo inflammation model, researchers confirmed the anti-inflammatory activityof the remedy by interfering with inflammatory processes involving histamine, prostaglandins
and other inflammatory mediators, when compared with controls.

16. Eizayaga FX, Aguejouf O, Belon P, et al. Platelet aggregation in portal hypertension and its
modification by ultra-low doses of aspirin. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb. 2005;34(1):29-34.
Researchers in this controlled study attempted to determine the effects of potentised aspirin on
rats exhibiting reduced platelet aggregation associated with portal hypertension. Given thatmaterial doses of aspirin are known to be associated with a reduction in platelet aggregation,

one of the aims of the study was to confirm that the reverse of this would be the case with if
potentised aspirin were used. The researchers did, in fact, confirm this in their results whichshowed that, compared to controls, Aspirin 14C normalised deficiencies in platelet aggregationin the rats involved in this study.

17. Endler PC, et al. Pretreatment with Thyroxine 10-8 Enhances a Curative Effect ofHomeopathically

preparedThyroxine

10-13

on

LowlandFrogs.

Forschende

Komplementarmedizin Und Klassiche Naturheikunde, 2003, 10, 137-42. In this randomised,
placebo-controlled trial carried out simultaneously by 3 independent researchers, tadpoles were
exposed to an equivalent of a 13X potency of thyroxine. This hormone, normally responsible forpromoting metamorphosis, was found to inhibit this process when potentised into ahomeopathic medicine.

18. Epstein OI, Pavlov IF, Shtark MB. Improvement of Memory by Means of Ultra-Low Doses of
Antibodies to S-100B Antigen. Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2006
December, 3, 4, 541-545. Antigen S-100B of nervous tissue affects the mechanisms of nervous
system plasticity and memory. In this trial, 28 rats were given either a placebo, or Antigen
S-100B, at a 6C potency to determine the effect of either on three learning behavioral models;
inhibitory avoidance, choosing of bowls with sucrose, and feeding behavior cessation after
auditory signal. For all three tasks, parameters of reproduction of the learned skills improved
after per oral administration of potentiated antibodies to S-100B antigen immediately after
learning when compared to placebo.

19. Graunke H, Endler PC, Scherer-Pongratz W, Spranger H, Frass M, Lothaller H. Treatmentof lowland frogs from the spawn stage with homeopathically prepared thyroxin (10(-30)).
Scientific World Journal. 2007 Oct 22;7:1697-702. In this project, performed at theInteruniversity College for Health and Development in Graz, Austria, lowland frog spawn were
exposed to thyroxine potentised to 30C to determine the effect, if any, of this remedy of thedevelopment of the spawn into 2 and then 4 legged frogs, when compared to controls. It would benormal for the development of frog spawn to be accelerated by exposure to material levels ofthyroxine. In this instance, exposure to 30C thyroxine produced a statistically significant
reduction in the speed of development from spawn to 4 legged lowland fogs.

20. Guajardo-Bernal G., Searcy-Bernal R., Soto-Avila J. Growth Promoting Effect of Sulphur
201C in Pigs. British Homoeopathic Journal, January, 1996, 85, 15-16. In a blind,placebo-controlled trial, Sulphur 201C was given to pregnant sows every 10 days, and extending
into the feeding period after birth. By day 30 the piglets fed by the sows given the active remedy
exhibited a higher final weight, mean total and daily weight gain, indicating that not only was
the remedy effective, but that its effects were transmitted through the sows milk.

21. Herkovits J, Perez-Coll CS. Could Potentized Microdoses of Cadmium change the
Toxicological Effect of this Heavy Metal? Berlin Journal on Research in Homoeopathy, Reportfrom the 4th Giri Symposium, 1991, June, 1, 3, 171. Toad embryos were exposed to Cadmium in
4X, 8X and 10X potencies. Either immediately or 24 hours later, the embryos were exposed to a(normally lethal) solution equivalent to 1mg/l of Cadmium. Both on immediate and delayed
exposure, the potencies of cadmium exerted a statistically significant protective effect against
the actions of the cadmium solution.

22. Jonas WB, Gaddipati JP, Rajeshkumar NV, et al. Can homeopathic treatment slow prostatecancer growth? Integr Cancer Ther. 2006 Dec;5(4):343-9. This US study examined the effects of
the homeopathic remedies Thuja, Sabal, Conium and Carcinosin (made from the specificprostate cancer cell line used in this trial) in vitro on prostate cancer cell cultures and in vivo on
100 rats, all of which were suffering from prostate cancer. A double blind randomised design
was used for this latter part of the study. The rats were given all 4 homeopathic medicines on asequential basis over a period of 5 weeks. The in vitro part of the study, carried out over a periodof 96 hours and assessed according to tumor cell viability and gene expression, showed that thecancer cell lines were unaffected by the homeopathic medicines. When the researchers assessed
the results from the in vivo aspect of the study, it was found that, compared to the controls, therats given the homeopathic medicines showed a 23% reduction in tumor incidence and a 38%
reduction in the size of prostate tumors.

23. Kumar KH, Sunila ES, Kuttan G, et al. Inhibition of chemically induced carcinogenesis bydrugs used in homeopathic medicine. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2007 Jan-Mar;8(1):98-102. In
this study, carried out at the Amala Cancer Research Centre in India’s Kerala State, rats andmice were treated for the development of liver tumors using homeopathic Hydrastis,
Lycopodium, Phosphorus, Ruta or Thuja. Assessment was made on the basis of the developmentof tumors and their corresponding biochemical markers such as gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase andalkaline phosphatase in the serum and in liver. Of the 5 medicines tested, Ruta (in a 200C
potency) and Phosphorous (in a 1M potency) provided the most benefit.

24. Kuzeff RM, Mecheva RP, Topashka-Ancheva MN. Inhibition of (-)-propranolol hydrochloride
byitsenantiomer

in

white

mice--aplacebo-controlled

randomized

study.

Forsch

Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2004 Feb;11(1):14-9. Researchers in this trial from
Swinburne University of Technology in Melbourne examined the effects on toxicity from(S)-(-)-propranolol hydrochloride of a homoeopathically prepared optical isomer version of thesame substance. When used in mice prior to exposure to (S)-(-)-propranolol hydrochloride, aremedy made from (R)-(-)-propranolol hydrochloride was found to reduce the toxicity resulting
from its isomer.

25. Labrecque G., Guilleminot J. Effect of Bryonia on Experimental Arthritis in Rats. Berlin
Journal of Research in Homoeopathy, 1, 3, 1991, 169, (Congress Report Poster). In this study, 35
male rats suffering from arthritis were treated with placebo or 4X, 4C or 9C potencies ofhomeopathic Bryonia for 15 days and assessed at various stages using grip strength body weightas assessment criteria. At the end of the treatment period, all of the Bryonia potencies had
improved the condition when compared to placebo, with Bryonia 4C providing the best
outcomes.

26. Lingg G, Endler PC, Frass M, Lothaller H. Treatment of Highland Frogs from the
Two-legged stage with Homeopathically prepared Thyroxin (10-11 - 10-21). Scientific World
Journal. 2008 Apr 20;8:446-50. Researchers working in Austria conducted this study todetermine the effects of thyroxine, homeopathically potentised to 11X and 21X, on themetamorphosis rates of highland frogs (Rana temporaria) when compared to controls. The
assessment of the effects of these remedies was done on the basis of the number of 2 legged
tadpoles that develop into frogs with 4 legs over fixed periods of time. 90 animals in all acted as
the subjects in this trial. As would be expected, given that thyroxine would stimulate
development, thyroxine 11X and 21X, when compared to controls, were found to suppress thedevelopment of tadpoles into frogs over the observation period.

27. Macedo SB, Ferreira LR, Perazzo FF, Carvalho JC. Anti-inflammatory activity of Arnica
montana 6cH: preclinical study in animals. Homeopathy. 2004 Apr;93(2):84-7. Researchers inthis study evaluated the protective effect of Arnica 6C on the acute inflammatory effects in miceof carregeenin and the chronic inflammatory effects of Nystatin. Arnica was given prior to the
induction of both forms of inflammation and it was found to provide a protective effect against
Nystatin, but not carrageenin induced inflammation.

28. MacLaughlin BW, Gutsmuths B, Pretner E, et al. Effects of homeopathic preparations onhuman prostate cancer growth in cellular and animal models. Integr Cancer Ther. 2006
Dec;5(4):362-72.To confirm the effectiveness of the homeopathic treatment of prostate cancer,
the researchers in this trial assessed the effects of the homeopathic medicines Sabal serrulata,
Conium maculatum and Thuja occidentalis against PC-3 and DU-145 human prostate cancer
cell cultures and against the growth of prostate tumors in mice. Sabal reduced the proliferationof the PC-3 cell line by 33% in 72 hours and the DU-145 cell line by 23% in 24 hours. Compared
to controls, Sabal also had a statistically significant effect on the tumors suffered by mice. The
homeopathic medicines Conium maculatum and Thuja occidentalis showed no beneficial effecton the proliferation of the cell lines or tumors observed in this study.

29. Mallick P, Mallick JC, Guha B, Khuda-Bukhsh AR Ameliorating effect of microdoses of apotentized homeopathic drug, Arsenicum Album, on arsenic-induced toxicity in mice. BMC
Complement Altern Med. 2003 Oct 22;3(1):7. In this study, Indian researchers using mice as amodel for the management of human arsenic toxicity from drinking contaminated groundwaterin rural India, assessed the toxicity from arsenic in mice pretreated with homoeopathic
Arsenicum album 30C and 200C. When compared to controls, the homoeopathic remedies were
found to reduce experimentally induced arsenic toxicity.

30. Mathie RT, Hansen L, Elliott MF, Hoare J. Outcomes from homeopathic prescribing inveterinary practice: a prospective, research-targeted, pilot study. Homeopathy. 2007
Jan;96(1):27-34. In this cohort study, 8 veterinarians trained in homeopathy collected clinicalcase outcome data over a 6 month period for animals treated by them using homeopathic
medicines. The records for 767 consecutive patients were collected and the results analysed via
an owner- assessed 7-point scale which compared the condition before and after homeopathic
treatment. These patients consisted of 547 dogs, 155 cats, 50 horses, 5 rabbits, 4 guinea-pigs, 2
birds, 2 goats, 1 cow, and 1 tortoise. The results from 539 cases were amenable to analysis andfrom these an improvement was seen in 79.8% of the animals, 6.1% of animals experienced adeterioration of their condition and 11.7% had no response to treatment.

31. Oberbaum M, Weissman Z, Bentwich Z. Treatment of Murine SLE by Idiotype Isotherapy.
Berlin Journal on Research in Homoeopathy, Congress Report, 1991, June, 1, 3, 168. Using theknowledge that Systemic Lupus Erythrematosis (SLE) is induced by anti-DNA idiotype 16/6,
homoeopathic potencies were made of this material and it was administered to mice sufferingfrom SLE. When compared to controls, 100% of the mice treated with the 30X potency of theidiotype had a positive response to the treatment.

32. Pathak S, Kumar Das J, Biswas S, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Protective potentials of a potentized
homeopathic drug, Lycopodium-30, in ameliorating azo dye induced hepatocarcinogenesis inmice. Mol Cell Biochem. 2006 Apr;285(1-2):121-31. The researchers in this study, which was
carried out at the University of Kalyani in India’s West Bengal, used 210 mice in an experiment
to determine the protective effect of Lycopodium 30C against the carcinogenic effects ofp-dimethyl amino azo benzene and phenobarbital. When assessed using chomosomal
aberrations as well as several morphological and biochemical parameters at 120 days from the
beginning of the experiment, it was confirmed that Lycopodium 30C not only exhibited aprotective effect, but also a restorative effect against the action of p-dimethyl amino azo benzene
and phenobarbital.

33.Pedalino C.M.V., Perazzo F.F., Carvalho J.C.T., Matinho K.S., Massoco C. de O, Bonamin
L.V. Effect of Atropa belladonna and Echinacea angustifolia in homeopathic dilution on
experimental peritonitis. Homeopathy, 2004, 93, 193-198. 36 mice with experimentally induced
peritonitis were given either echinacea angustifolia 4X, a combination of belladonna andechinacea in mixed homeopathic potencies, a combination of echinacea in mixed potencies , 2
separate combinations of belladonna in mixed potencies, or a control substance, and theirprogress was monitored over time. Outcomes were measured using polymorphnuclear cell
migration, mononuclear cell percentages, degenerate leucocyte proportions and phagocytosis
characteristics. All of the homeopathic test substances produced positive outcomes with thebelladonna and echinacea potency combination providing the maximal increase inpolymorphnuclear cell migration and phagocytosis.

34. Rajkumar R, Srivastava SK, Yadav MC, Varshney VP, Varshney JP, Kumar H. Effect of a
Homeopathic complex on oestrus induction and hormonal profile in anoestrus cows.
Homeopathy. 2006 Jul, 95, 3, 131-5. From a group of 12 anoestrus cows, 6 were selected toreceive treatment with a combination of homeopathic medicines, given as 15 pills twice daily for
10 days. The remaining 6 cows acted as untreated controls. The treatment was effective ininducing oestrus in all of the 6 treated cows with an average of 1 conception per 1.83 services. In
addition, the researchers found that oestradiol levels in the treated cows almost doubled frompre-treatment levels. Treatment results were seen at a mean interval of 27.5+/-5.3 days.

35. Reis LS, Pardo PE, Oba E, Kronka Sdo N, Frazatti-Gallina NM. Matricaria chamomilla
CH12 decreases handling stress in Nelore calves. J Vet Sci. 2006 Jun;7 (2):189-92. In this study,
60 Nelore calves were randomly assigned to receive either Chamomilla 12C or no Chamomilla12C in their feed. Following this they were subjected to short periods of handling stress after
which blood samples were taken to assess their cortisol levels. After the results from the 2groups had been compared, it was found the calves given Chamomilla 12C had significantly
lower levels of blood cortisol than those that did not, indicating that they were better able to deal
with stress as a result of ingestion of the homeopathic medicine.

36. Ruiz- Vega G, Perez- Ordaz L, Proa- Flores P, Aguilar- Diaz Y. An Evaluation of Coffea
cruda effect on Rats. British Homeopathic Journal, 2000, 89, 122-126. This study tested theeffects of Coffea 30C versus placebo on the sleep patterns of rats assessed using EEG readings.
The results showed a statistically significant effect consistent with increased sleeping activity inthose rats given the active medicine.

37. Ruiz-Vega G, Perez-Ordaz L, Leon-Hueramo O, Cruz-Vasquez E, Sanchez-Diaz N.
Comparitive Effect of Coffea cruda Potencies on Rats. Homeopathy, 2002, 91, 80-84. 30C and200C potencies of Coffea cruda and caffeine were administered orally to rats, and EEG datafrom the parietal region recorded. When compared with control animals, Coffea 30C and 200C
were associated with changes in EEG patterns that were consistent with increased sleep
activity.

38. Ruiz-Vega G,
Caffeine-

Perez-Ordaz L, Cotez-Galvan L, Juarez-GFM. A Kinetic Approach to

Coffea cruda Interaction. Homeopathy, 2003, 92, 19-29. In this blinded andcontrolled study, rats were given caffeine and then Coffea 30C in an effort to determine what
effects, if any, the Coffea 30C had on sleep characteristics. The homoeopathic remedy was foundto increase the intensity of sleep in the rats when compared with the effects of the control used.

39. Ruiz-Vega G, Poitevin B, Perez-Ordaz L. Histamine at high dilution reduces spectral density
in delta band in sleeping rats. Homeopathy. 2005 Apr, 94, 2, 86-91. Histamine in material doses
is a central nervous system stimulant operating via H1 receptors. The researchers in this studyexamined the effects of histamine in 30C homeopathic potency on the sleep patterns of rats.
Using the spectral density of the delta band in the sleep electroencephalogram to measure theeffects of the remedy, which is higher during periods on non-REM sleep, researchers found that
histamine 30C produced an increase in wakefulness when compared to controls.

40. Sakakura CE, Neto RS, Bellucci M, Wenzel A, Scaf G, Marcantonio E Jr. Influence ofHomeopathic Treatment with Comfrey on Bone Density around Titanium Implants: A Digital
Subtraction Radiography Study in Rats. Clinical Oral Implants Research. 2008 Jun;19(6):624-8.
This controlled trial looked at populations of rats to discover what influence, if any, Symphytum
6C had on improving the density of bone around recent titanium implants. Implants were given
to 2 groups of 24 rats; one group was given 10 drops of Symphytum 6C per day and the otherwas given a similar amount of a control substance. Animals were radiologically assessed forbone density around the implants at the beginning of the study period, and again at 7, 14 and 28
days. Radiographs taken at day 7 showed an increase in bone density over controls, although nostatistically significant effect was seen for the radiographs taken on days 14 and 28.

41. Sato DYO, Wal R, de Oliveira CC, Cattaneo RI, Malvezzi M, Gabardo J, Buchi D. de F.
Histopathological and immunophenotyping studies on normal and sarcoma 180-bearing micetreated with a complex homeopathic medication. Homeopathy, 2005, Jan, 94, 1, 26-32. 55 micewith experimentally induced sarcomas were given placebo or a homeopathic combination
product, and observed daily over a period of 21 days. Compared to those receiving placebo, themice being given the homeopathic combination showed a reduction in tumor size, an increased
infiltration by lymphoid cells, granulation tissue and fibrosis surrounding the tumor, all ofwhich are indicative of a positive response to the medicine.

42. Sukul A., Sinhabau S.P., Sukul N.C., Reduction of Alcohol Induced Sleep time in albino miceby Potentised Nux vomica prepared with 90% Ethanol. British Homoeopathic Journal, 88, 1999,
58-61. In a controlled experiment to determine the effect of Nux vomica 30C on alcohol induced
sleep, mice that had sleep induced via an injection of 25% ethanol were given a control
substance or Nux vomica 30C. Nux vomica 30C prepared in 90% ethanol was effective inreducing sleep time.

43. Sukul NC, Ghosh S, Sinhababu SP, Sukul A. Strychnos nux vomica extract and its ultrahigh dilution reduce voluntary ethanol intake in rats. Journal of Alternative andComplementary Medicine, 2001, April, 7, 2, 187-193. In an attempt to determine the effect of
homeopathic Nux vomica on alcoholism, potentially alcoholic laboratory rats housed in the
Visva-Bharati University in West Bengal, India, after being divided into 4 groups, were given a
choice of drinking from bottles containing either 20% ethanol in water or plain water. The rats
were given diluent, or strychnine, or nux vomica tincture, or nux vomica 30C. When comparedto the control group (diluent only) both the nux vomica tincture and nux vomica 30C groups ofrats showed a distinct aversion to the 20% ethanol drinking bottle.

44. Sukul NC, Ghosh S, Sinhababu SP. Reduction in the number of infective Trichinella spiralis
larvae in mice by use of homeopathic drugs. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2005
Aug, 12, 4, 202-5. Trichinellosis, a disease caused by Trichinella spiralis, which occurs inhumans and animals, was the subject of this trial. Mice infected with this organism were given
Podophyllum as a homeopathic mother tincture, Cina 30C, Santonin 30C, or ethanol 30C as acontrol substance. After 120 days the mice were examined for the presence of the T. spiralis
larvae and this was compared with the larval load before therapy. At 120 days the mice given
Podophyllum had their larval load reduced by 61% when compared to the control, those given
Santonin had a reduction of 81% and the mice given Cina had a reduction of 84%.

45. Varshney JP, Naresh R. Evaluation of a homeopathic complex in the clinical management ofudder diseases of riverine buffaloes. Homeopathy. 2004 Jan;93(1):17-20. Indian researchers
involved in this trial developed a homoeopathic complex against mastitis and tested it, without
placebo controls, with 102 riverine buffaloes suffering from various levels of mastitis. The
treatment was deemed to be 80 to 97% effective against the disease, depending on the severity of
the condition.

46. Varshney JP, Naresh R. Comparative efficacy of homeopathic and allopathic systems of
medicine in the management of clinical mastitis of Indian dairy cows. Homeopathy. 2005, 94, 2,
81-5. Bovine mastitis is a serious problem in India and for many Indian dairy farmers, standard
veterinary treatment, because of its cost, is not a viable option. With this in mind, researchers
treated 96 lactating dairy cattle suffering from mastitis using a homeopathic combination
product (Group A). These were compared with a group of the same number of lactating dairy
cattle suffering from mastitis that were treated with antibiotics (Group B). The treatment
outcomes, duration and costs were then compared. Cattle from Group A had a successfultreatment response rate of 86.6%, a mean time to recovery of 7.7 days and a total cost of (US) 47
cents. Cattle from Group B had a successful treatment response rate of 59.2%, a mean time torecovery of 4.5 days and a total cost of (US) $3.28.

47. Varshney JP. Clinical management of idiopathic epilepsy in dogs with homeopathic
Belladonna 200C: a case series. Homeopathy. 2007 January, 96, 1, 46-48. In this uncontrolled
study, 10 dogs suffering from idiopathic epilepsy were given 3-4 drops of homeopathic
Belladonna 200C during the seizure phase orally at 15min intervals until the seizure activity
was reduced, and this was continued then four times daily. Four dogs with head shaking
syndrome in addition to seizures were given an additional Cocculus 6C, 3-4 drops orally weekly
for 3 months. As a result of this therapy, the numbers of fits reduced to 2-3 during first 2 weeks
post-therapy and then became occasional in next 2 weeks. With continuation of Belladonna
therapy, no fits were observed during 2-7 months follow-up. In two cases seizures reappeared
within 15-25 days of cessation of therapy. Belladonna therapy was resumed and seizure control
was again achieved. Owners were advised to continue the therapy at least twice daily until nofits occurred for at least 2 months.

48. Varshney JP, Chaudhuri S. Atrial paroxysmal tachycardia in dogs and its management withhomeopathic Digitalis--two case reports. Homeopathy. 2007 Oct;96(4):270-2. Homeopathically
prepared Digitalis 6C is a common prescription for those suffering from atrial tachycardia. This
paper reports on the effects of Digitalis 6C, given at the Division of Medicine of the Indian
Veterinary Research Institute in Izatnagar in India, to a Labrador dog and a German Shepherddog, both of which were suffering from atrial paroxysmal tachycardia. Both dogs were given 4

drops of the medicine 4 times daily and their ECGs were assessed after 7 days of continuous
treatment. At this point it was found that the heart rates of both dogs was stabilised andsynchronized, with atrial and ventricular electrical activity appearing to be functioning
normally.

49. Viriato EP, Bianchetti ES, dos Santos KC, Vaz AF, Campos RMV, Pereira AP, Bezerra RM,
Perazzo FF, Carvalho JCT. Study of high dilutions of copaiba oil on inflammatory process. Int JHigh Dilution Res 2009; 8(26): 9-149. This trial was a collaborative effort by researchers fromseveral Brazilian universities and was designed to test the hypothesis that Copaiba oil,
homeopathically potentised to 30C from either mother tincture or triturate, is as effective as
Indomethacin in reducing inflammation induced by carageenan, and also to determine if it wascapable of influencing tissue granulation when compared to conventional treatment. The 30C
potency from mother tincture and triturate both reduced inflammation by up to 73%, andIndomethacin reduced inflammation by 55%. In addition, 6C potencies of Copaiba oil were able
to produce a 48% inhibition of granulation, compared to a 57% reduction from the use of
Dexamethasone.

50. Williamson AV, Mackie WL, Crawford WJ, Rennie B. A Trial of Sepia 200. British
Homeopathic Journal, 84, 1, January 1995, 14-20. Using a randomised placebo control method,
Sepia 200C was assessed for its ability to increase reproductive performance in a herd of Fresiancross diary cows. Sepia increased all parameters measured.

Plant studies

1. Baumgartner S., Thurneysen A., Heusser P. Growth stimulation of dwarf peas (Pisum
sativumL.)throughhomeopathic

potencies

of

plant

growthsubstances.

Forsch

Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2004, Oct,11, 5,:281-92. In an effort to determine theeffects of homeopathically potentised plant growth substances on the shoot growthcharacteristics of dwarf peas, plant cultures were immersed for 24 hours in solutions containing
4 different plant growth substances in 12X to 30X potencies. These were compared to cultures
grown in a control substance. At shoot length measurement after a 14 day growth period, thecultures grown in the potentised growth substances showed a measurable effect on the seed
growth characteristics when compared to the control substance, the most notable of these,
gibberellin 17X, producing the largest growth stimulation.

2. Baumgartner S, Shah D, Schaller J, Kämpfer U, Thurneysen A, Heusser P. Reproducibility of
dwarf pea shoot growth stimulation by homeopathic potencies of gibberellic acid. Complement
Ther Med. 2008 Aug;16(4):183-91. In this Swiss study, which was slight variation of previous
work done in this area by Hamman and others, dwarf pea seedlings in 4 batches containing
seeds taken from adult plants in 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000, were exposed to 17X and 18X
potencies of Gibberellic acid (GA) and cultivated under controlled conditions, alongside dwarf
pea seedlings that had received the same level of exposure to 2 negative control substances. GA
in material doses is often used commercially to break periods of dormancy in seeds and has thecapacity to stimulate the growth of seedlings and it’s an endogenous component of some seeds
and is involved in the growth of seeds and alpha amylase activity within the plant.. After 14days all of these seedlings had their lengths measured and at this point it was found that thecontrols had performed as predicted, the 1997 seedling batch previously exposed to GA 17X andGA 18X had exceeded the growth rate of the controls by an average of 11.2% and the 1998 batch
responded with a mixture of either stimulation or suppression of growth. Batches from 1999 and2000 failed to respond to either potency of GA.

3. Binder M, Baumgartner S, Thurneysen A. The effects of a 45x potency of arsenicum album on
wheat seedling growth -- a reproduction trial. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd.
2005 Oct, 12, 5, 284-91. In a repeat performance of the previous trial, wheat seedlings previously
exposed to sub-lethal doses arsenic were cultivated in either Arsenicum album 45X, water 45X
or un-potentised water, and the seedling height measured at 7 days. The experiment was
independently reproduced 8 times and after the results were collated the wheat seedlings
cultivated in Arsenicum 45X showed a significant reduction in height when compared to the 2controls.

4. Bornoroni C. Synergism of Action between Indolacetic Acid and Highly Diluted Solutions ofCalc carb on the Growth of Oat Celeoptiles. Berlin J on Res in Hom, 1, 4/5, December 1991,
275-278. This study demonstrated that Calc carb 5X significantly increased the growth
stimulating effects of the plant growth stimulant, indole acetic acid.

5. Brizzi M, Lazzarato L, Nani D, Borghini F, Peruzzi M, Betti L. A biostatistical insight into theAs(2)O(3) high dilution effects on the rate and variability of wheat seedling growth. Forsch
Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2005 Oct, 12, 5, 277-83. Wheat seedlings previously
stressed with sub-lethal doses of arsenic, a substance known to be lethal to this plant, weretreated with various potencies of Arsenicum album (5X, 15X, 25X, 35X and 45X), equivalentpotencies of water and equivalent un-succussed dilutions of arsenic trioxide. The stem lengths ofthe seedlings was assessed at day 7 and it was found that the 45X potencies of Arsenicum andthe water but not the diluted arsenic trioxide induced an increase in seedling height.

6. Endler PC, Pongratz W. Homoeopathic Effect of a Plant Hormone? Berlin J on Res in Hom, 1,
3, June, 1991, 148-150. This study showed that Indole Butyric Acid, known at material levels toenhance the growth of new roots and leaves from plant slips, at a 33X potency, continued toprovide an enhancement of growth

7. Jones RL, Jenkins MD. Plant Responses to Homoeopathic Medicines. British Homeopathic
Journal, 70, 3, July 1981, 120-146. The authors of this work set out to study the effects ofvarious homeopathic potencies of Silver nitrate on the growth characteristics of the leaf sheathsof wheat. On analysis of the results they found that potencies of silver nitrate were in fact able
to either inhibit or stimulate growth, depending upon the potency applied.

8. Scherr C, Simon M, Spranger J, Baumgartner S. Effects of Potentised Substances on Growth

Rate of the water plant Lemna gibba. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2009
Apr;17(2):63-70. Claudia Scherr and colleagues at the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture
in Frick, Switzerland, conducted this randomised, controlled and blinded study to determine theextent to which various homeopathically potentised substances could influence the growth of
Duckweed (Lemna gibba) when compared to controls. To do this, Duckweed was grown in 14X to
30X homeopathic potencies of Argentum nitricum, Lemna minor and Gibberelic acid (a known
plant growth regulator), over a period of 7 days. Measurements were taken over 0-3 days, 3-7days and 0-7 days. Succussed and un-succussed water controls were used. Neither controls
produced any statistically significant effect and the potencies that caused the most pronounced
reduction in growth when compared to controls were those of Gibberelic acid, particularly the
15X, 17X, 23X and 24X potencies.

In-Vitro Studies

1. Aziz DM, Enbergs H. Stimulation of bovine sperm mitochondrial activity by homeopathic
dilutions of monensin. Homeopathy. 2005 Oct, 94, 4, 229-32. Mitochondrial activity is an
important marker for the health of sperm. It’s linked to sperm motility and in researchlaboratories monensin is commonly used as an inhibitor for sperm mitochondrial activity. The
researchers in this study examined the effects of the 5X to the 14X homeopathic potencies ofmonensin on the activity of the mitochondria of sperm taken from mature bulls. All of thepotencies produced a stimulatory effect on the bull sperm mitochondrial activity, with the 9X
producing the strongest of these effects

2. Belon P, Cumps J, Ennis M, et al. Inhibition of Human Basophil Degranulation by Successive
Histamine Dilutions. Inflammation Research, 48, Supplement 1, 1999, S17-18. In thiscontroversial, blinded multi-centre trial (which confirmed earlier studies published in Nature in1988), homeopathic potencies of histamine were found to substantially reduce the potential for
degranulation by sensitised basophils when exposed to allergens.

3. Belon P., Cumps J., Ennis M., Mannaioni P.F., Roberfroid M., Sainte-Laudy J., Wiegant F.A.
Histamine Dilutions Modulate Basophil Activation. Inflammation Research, 2004, May, 53, 5,
181-8. In this study, which was a replication of work by Jacques Benveniste published in Naturein 1988, the researchers attempted to use homeopathic dilutions of histamine to inhibit theactivation of human basophils exposed to an inflammatory mediator. The study was carried out
blind in 4 separate laboratories. Histamine dilutions equivalent to 30X and 38X were found to
inhibit basophil activation and subsequent histamine release.

4. Casaroli- Marano RP, Alegre J, Campos B. Infrared Changes in Potentised Solutions. Revista
Homeopatica, 1998, 38, 5- 12. In this experiment, 70% alcohol/water solutions were seriallydiluted 1 in 100 up to 30 times, with and without succussion at each step. On examination ofeach of these significant spectral differences were found between the solutions that were
succussed and those that were not, indicating that dilution and succussion may produce
structural changes to the molecules in the solution. This may provide further evidence for the
possibility of a “memory” of water.

5. Chirila M, Hristescu S, Manda G, Neagu M, Olinescu A. The Action of Succussed Substances
on

the

Human

Lymphocytes

and

PMN

Granulocytes

in

Vitro

Stimulated

with

Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and Zymosin Opsonised (ZO). Berlin Journal on Research in
Homoeopathy, Congress Report, 1991, June, 1, 3, 166-167. Peripheral blood lymphocytes weretaken from people with a history of allergy to bee products (Group 1), and from people who were
immunosuppressed (Group 2). These cells were incubated in culture media supplemented with asuccussed water control, various homoeopathic potencies of bee venom (for Group 1 cells), or
cortisone (for Group 2 cells), and the cells were grown. The proliferation of Group 1 cells wasinhibited by the potencies of bee venom, indicating that these remedies may be useful in the
management of allergies to bee products. The effects of the potencies of cortisone on the Group 2cells varied from stimulation to inhibition.

6. Chirumbolo S, Signorini A, Bianchi I, Lippe G, Bellavite P. Effects of Homoeopathic
Preparations of Organic Acids and Minerals on the Oxidative Metabolism of Human
Neutrophils. British Homeopathic Journal, 1993, 82, 237-244. The in vitro adhesion andsuperoxide production of human neutrophils were monitored in the presence of various
homoeopathic medicines. Of these, Sulphur 6X, Manganum phos 6X and 8X, and Magnesium
phos 6X and 8X all lead to a 15-30% increase in these parameters.

7. Delbancut A, Barrouillet MA, Maury-Brachet R, Boudou A, Dorfman P, Cambar J.
Mechanistic Approach to the Effect of High Dilutions of Cadmium to Protect from Cytotoxic
Cadmium doses in Renal Tubular Cell Cultures. International Research Group on Very Low
Dose and High Dilution Effects, 1993 Giri Meeting, BHJ, April, 1994, 83, 84-100 Material
concentrations of cadmium have strong toxic effects on renal tubules. The researchers involvedin this study found that pre-treatment with homeopathic cadmium 40X, and subsequent
exposure to material concentrations of cadmium, led to a significant reduction in cadmium
induced damage.

8. Enbergs H. Effects of the homeopathic preparation Engystol on interferon-gamma production
by human T-lymphocytes. Immunol Invest. 2006, 35, 1, 19-27. In one of the few experiments
carried out in this area to date, researchers conducting this study collected T-lymphocytes from30 healthy human volunteers to investigate the ability or otherwise of a homeopathic
combination product to increase the production of interferon-gamma from these cells. After
exposure to various concentrations of this combination, when compared to control cells,
interferon-gamma producing cell levels were increased by a means of 20.9% to over 24% with nodose-dependence of the effect at the concentrations tested.

9. Fougeray S, Moubry K, Vallot N, Bastide M. Effect of High Dilutions of Epidermal Growth
Factor on in-vitro Proliferation of Keratinocyte and Fibroblast Cell Lines. 6th Giri Symposium,
Munich, Oct 1992, reported in British Homeopathic Journal, 93, 82. In this experiment, it was
shown that 19X and 45X homeopathic potencies of Epidermal Growth Factor inhibited theproliferation of Keratinocyte and Fibroblast Cell Lines.

10. Fleisbach A, Fejfar V, Spranger J. Effects of Homoeopathic Potencies: Growth of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Potentised Copper Sulphate Dilutions. British Homeopathic
Journal, 2000, 89, Supplement 1, S65. Material concentrations of copper sulphate inhibit thegrowth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in this study, researchers determined what effect if any
a homeopathic medicine made from copper sulphate would have on this organism. On exposure
to homeopathically potentised copper sulphate, a potency dependant inhibition or enhancementof growth was seen.

11. Gebhardt R Antioxidative, antiproliferative and biochemical effects in HepG2 cells of ahomeopathic remedy and its constituent plant tinctures tested separately or in combination.
Arzneimittelforschung. 2003, 53, 12, 823-30. This laboratory study examined the effect of ahomeopathic

combination

product

andits

separatecomponents

forantioxidative,

antiproliferative and biochemical effects on liver cells grown in laboratory tissue-culture.
Protective effects against oxidation of the cells by tert-butyl hydroperoxide were shown by
Carduus, China and Nux mosch, and the combination provided the same level of protection asthese 3 individual remedies combined. Carduus, Chelidonium, Colocynthis and Veratrum alb all
showed an antiproliferative effect against cell proliferation agents on the cells and the
combination exhibited the same effect. Carduus and the combination both increased the
conjugation effectiveness of glutathione.

12. Glatthaar-Saalmuller B, Fallier-Becker P. Antiviral Action of Euphorbium Compositum andits Componants. Forschende Komplementarmedizin Und Klassiche Naturheikunde, 2001, 8,
207-212. In this in-vitro study, human cell cultures were infected with influenza A virus,
respiratory syncytial virus, human rhinovirus or herpes simplex virus type1, and then treatedwith Euphorbium compositum, a homeopathic complex. Various anti-viral drugs such as
acyclovir, rabavirin and amatadine were used as positive controls against which to compare theresults of the complex. When compared with control cells exposed to the same concentration of
ethanol used in the complex, the homeopathic complex showed anti-viral properties comparable
to the effects of the drugs against respiratory syncitial virus and herpes simplex virus type 1.

13. Glatthaar-Saalmuller B, Fallier-Becker P, Weiser M. Influence of homeopathically processed
Coenzyme

Q10

onproliferation

andredifferentiationofendothelial

cells.

Forsch

Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2004, Oct, 11, 5,:267-73. CoEnzyme Q10, known for its
ability to regulate cell metabolism and proliferation, was assessed for its ability to promote thesame functions after being homeopathically potentised. Undifferentiated human umbilical vein
endothelial cell cultures were exposed to various potencies of CoQ10 (5X to 10X) The cell division
rate was then assessed by flow cytometry and cell differentiation determined by von Willebrandfactor expression. The 7X to 10X potencies of CoQ10, and particularly the 8X potency, increased
cell proliferation while none of the potencies appeared to enhance cell differentiation.

14. Moss VA, Roberts A, Simpson K. Action of Remedies on Movement of Macrophages andLeucocytes. Homeopathy, 2002, 91, 113-114. Laboratory measurements of guinea pig
macrophages and human leucocytes exposed to the homoeopathic remedies Belladonna, Hepar
sulph, Pyrogenium, Silica and Staphylococcinum, showed that these remedies caused anincrease in the movement of these cells through a Boyden micropore filter. This may indicatethat the remedies produce an increase in this aspect of immune competence.

15. Oberbaum M, Glatthaar-Saalmüller B, Stolt P, Weiser M. Antiviral activity of Engystol: anin vitro analysis. J Altern Complement Med. 2005 Oct, 11, 5, 855-62. Cultured tissue cells
infected with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), human rhinovirus (HRV), adeno 5 (A5V) andrespiratory syncytial virus were exposed to Engystol, a homeopathic combination product. Thesecells were then assayed for virus clearance using plaque reduction, virus titration and Elisa
methods. The results of these assays showed an 80% reduction in HSV-1 specific proteins, a 73%
reduction in A5V specific proteins and a reduction in infectivity of RSV by 37% and HRV by
20%.

16. Pathak S, Multani AS, Banerji P, Banerji P. Ruta 6 selectively induces cell death in brain

cancer cells but proliferation in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes: A novel treatment forhuman brain cancer. Int J Oncol. 2003 Oct;23(4):975-82. In this uncontrolled study, 15 people
suffering from various intracranial tumors were treated with a combination Ruta 6C andhomoeopathic calcium phosphate. All forms of tumors, particularly gliomas, were found toregress under treatment with these medicines and the trial subjects also exhibited an increasein normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. Further examination of a possible mechanism for thetumor-killing effect of this combination found that it was due to cancer cell telomere erosion,
causing a selective early death of these cells.

17. Poitevin B, Davenas E, Benveniste J. In Vitro Immunological Degranulation of Human
Basophils is Modulated by Lung Histamine and Apis mellifica. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 1988, 25,
439-444. In this study, potentised dilutions of Apis mellifica and Histamine were found to
significantly reduce basophil degranulation in vitro.

18. Ramachandran C, Nair PK, Clèment RT, Melnick SJ. Investigation of cytokine expression inhuman leukocyte cultures with two immune-modulatory homeopathic preparations. J AlternComplement Med. 2007 May;13(4):403-7. The aim of the researchers from Miami Children's
Hospital in Florida who carried out this study was to determine the effects of homeopathics on
cellular signalling pathways, specifically, the effects of 2 anti-influenza homeopathic
combination products on normal human leukocyte cultures. When the researchers compared theeffects of the homeopathic combinations to 20% ethanol solvent controls, it was found that
exposure to either of the homeopathic combinations stimulated the production of pro-and
anti-inflammatory cytokines by these cells.

19. Singh L.M., Gupta G. Antiviral Efficacy of Homeopathic Drugs against Animal Viruses.
British Homeopathic Journal, 1985, July, 74, 3. Researchers at the Indian Central Drug
Research Institute in Lucknow carried out this study to determine the inhibiting effects, if any,of various potencies of 10 homeopathic remedies on chicken embryo virus and simliki forest
virus, a virus capable of causing encephalitis, paralysis ad death in mice. Homeopathic
typhoidinum 200C, hydrophobinum 1M, tuberculinum 1M, nux vomica 200C and malandrinum

1M all produced 100% inhibition of the chicken embryo virus.

20. Sukul NC, Sukul A, Sinhababu SP. Potentised Mercuric Chloride and Mercuric Iodide
enhance Alpha Amylase activity in vitro. Homeopathy, 2002, 91, 217-220. In part a repetition ofa trial published in 1954, researchers determined that Mercuric chloride 30C and Mercuric
iodide 30C, both of which theoretically should contain no molecules of either of the original
substance, were able to promote the hydrolysis of starch in vitro. This tends to support the viewthat the water molecules in the remedy retain the “memory” of the original molecule throughthe homeopathic potentisation process.

21. Sunila ES, Kuttan R, Preethi KC, Kuttan G. Dynamized Preparations in Cell Culture. Evid
Based Complement Alternat Med. 2009, 6, 2, 257-263. This article describes a series of tests
carried out at the Amala Cancer Research Centre in Kerala, India, on cells grown in thelaboratory using various homeopathically prepared medicines to ascertain their effects on thesecells. Mother tincture, 30C and 200C potencies of various substances as well as potentised
alcohol controls were separately added to the individual growth media in which certain
lymphoma, carcinoma, fibroblast and ovary cells were grown. After analysing the effects of thesematerials on the various cell cultures, it was found that some of these caused significant cell
death during short and long term incubation when compared to alcohol controls. It was also
found that some of the test materials inhibited thymidine uptake in lung fibroblasts (therefore
inhibiting growth), Thuja, Hydrastis and Carcinosin specifically, induced cell death inlymphoma cells, and Carcinosin was able to induce the expression of p53, which has been foundto be capable of causing tumor suppression.

22. Walchli C, Baumgartner S, Bastide MJ. Effect of low doses and high homeopathic potencies
in normal and cancerous human lymphocytes: an in vitro isopathic study. Altern Complement
Med. 2006 Jun, 12, 5, 421-7. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pretreatment
with either low doses, or homeopathic potencies, of cadmium chloride on the ability of normal
lymphocyte or cancerous lymphocyte cultures to withstand exposure to toxic doses of cadmium.
Normal lymphocytes exposed to toxic levels of cadmium which were pretreated with either lowdose of cadmium or potentised cadmium showed a significant increase in viability. This effect
was the same in the cancerous lymphocytes except that these cells showed no increase in
viability after pre-treatment with potentised cadmium.

23. Witt CM, Bluth M, Albrecht H, Weisshuhn TE, Baumgartner S, Willich SN. The In-Vitro
Evidence for an Effect of High Homeopathic Potencies--a Systematic Review of the Literature.
Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2007 Jun;15(2):128-38. This was essentially ameta-analysis of all of the in-vitro studies that have attempted to demonstrate a homeopathic
effect to date, carried out by Professor Claudia Witt and colleagues at the Department of
Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center in Berlin, Germany.
The aim here was to search all appropriate databases for relevant studies, determine which
studies met the quality criteria set by the researchers, and then to determine which, if any ofthese, exhibited a statistically significant effect in this area. 67 papers were identified that met
the quality criteria and of these, 73% found that an effect from high potencies can bedemonstrated. The majority of these studies involved the effects of potentised substances onbasophils. Replication of some of these studies has been carried out.

The Use of Homeopathy

Firstly, it might be useful for you to know the extent to which homoeopathic medicines are usedaround the world. Globally, homoeopathy is an extremely popular modality and to reflect this, in1999 the World Health Organisation (WHO) called for closer incorporation of homoeopathy into
“western medical systems”1 and a ranking of the world’s top healing systems (including
pharmaceutical drug therapy) carried out in 2003 had homoeopathy second only in popularity to
Traditional Chinese Medicine2.

In Germany, 20% of medical practitioners prescribe homoeopathic medicines for their patients 3,
4, 5 and they’re used by 90% of German veterinarians6. It’s interesting that given the fact that

homeopathy was originally developed in Dr Samuel Hahnemann in Germany, there isn’t ahigher level of use by medical practitioners.

In the UK a study carried out in 1994 found that 10 out of the 16 university pharmacy schools
taught homoeopathy as an undergraduate subject and in 1999, 66% of pharmacies soldhomoeopathic medicines7, 8, 9 with some particular pharmacy groups such as Boots producing
their own range of homoeopathic medicines10 . Still in the UK, there are 5 homoeopathic
hospitals run by the British National Health Service (NHS), as well as 2 private homoeopathic
hospitals and homoeopathy has been supported by the NHS since it’s inception in 194811, 12. A
1992 study found that 42% of British doctors refer their patients for homoeopathic treatment13
by 2001 20% of Scottish GP’s had been trained in homoeopathy 14 and by 2003, 86% of Scottish
GP’s surveyed were found to be in favour of homoeopathy 15 Currently, homoeopathy is thesecond most popular complementary medicine in the UK 16, 17.

The situation in France is also interesting. Most French pharmacies carry these products18, 19
and in 1999 the French Medical Association called for homeopathy to be included in all medical
degree training20. A 1998 study concluded that people using prescribed homoeopathic medicine
cost the French government half of that for patients who used pharmaceutical treatments21, 22

Around the rest of Europe, 45% of doctors in the Netherlands use homoeopathy (40% of GP’s in
the Netherlands use homoeopathy23, 85% of Belgian medical practitioners provide
homoeopathic treatment for their patients24, 25, 47% of Dutch doctors use homoeopathy26
and in the 10 years to 2002, interest in homoeopathy in Switzerland had risen by 300%27 andhomoeopathy is rebatable by most health insurance providers27. In 1997, 37% of Norwegians
who were surveyed had visited a homoeopath 28 and homoeopathy is the most frequently usedsystem of veterinary medicine in Norway29.

In Europe generally, a 2003 survey found that 20-25% of all Europeans used homoeopathic

medicines30, 31 and homoeopathy was the most frequently used complementary medicine inFrance, Belgium, the Netherlands, Norway, Italy and Switzerland32. In 1999 The European
Parliament called for homoeopathy to be integrated into medical practice33 and the EU
recommended that homoeopathy and herbs be used as first line treatments in veterinary
medicine34

Pakistan appears to have a high level of interest in homoeopathy. Last year, the Pakistani
Government established homoeopathic dispensaries in Pakistani hospitals35 and there are 165
government recognised homoeopathic medicine colleges operating throughout the country36.
For the last few years the Pakistan government has set up homoeopathic medicine camps totreat the pilgrims who travel on the Haj to Mecca. Last year, 50,000 people were treated in thesecamps37. In India, 54% of medical practitioners prescribe homoeopathic medicines38 they’rewidely used in Indian hospitals and homoeopathy is the most commonly used complementary
medicine in this country39, 40, 41.

In 2003 in Sri Lanka, construction began on a government-funded homoeopathic hospital at
Welisara42 and Columbian President, Alvaro Uribe, uses homoeopathic medicines to “stay inmental shape”43. It’s estimated that there are 15,000 homoeopathic doctors practicing in
Brazil44 and homoeopathy and it’s a government requirement that homoepathy is taught as anundergraduate subject in all pharmacy courses at Brazilian universities45. In the USA, 58% of
US medical schools teach homoeopathy46. In Australia, the level of use of these medicines is alittle difficult to determine. One relatively recent study said that around 12% of Australians use
homoeopathic medicines but this figure has yet to be verified47. However, 78% of pharmacies
here carry products made from homoeopathic ingredients and many of the larger pharmacy
groups recommend these products as a core range, i.e. it’s mandatory for anyone setting up oneof these stores to have them on their shelves 48. In New Zealand49 and South Africa50,
homoeopathy forms part of the undergraduate program in pharmacy courses in someuniversities.

1.

Poitevin B, Integrating Homoepathy in Health Systems, WHO Bulletin, 1999, 77, 2,

160-166.

2.

Kemper KJ, Jacobs J, Homeopathy in Pediatrics- No harm likely but how much good?

Contemporary Pediatrics, May, 2003, 20, 97-111.

3.

Ludtke R et al, Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Natureheilkd, 2001, 8, 4, 213-8.

4.

BMJ 2 November 2002;325:990.

5.

WHO Bulletin op cit.

6.

HomInt R&D Newsletter, Glasgow Homoeopathic Hospital, 1998.

7.

Jain, A, “Does Homeopathy reduce the cost of drug prescribing?” Homeopathy, 2003, 92,

71-6.

8.

Barnes J, Uncovering Potential Problems with Complementary Remedies: A Survey ofCommunity Pharmacies, Royal Pharmaceutical Society, Report on Complementary andAlternative Medicines, Response to the House of Lords Science and Technology Committee,
Sob-Committee III, October, 1999, Appendix 2.

9.

BBC News, 20 Aril 2003.

10.

Authors personal observations, London 1995.

11.

Owen DK et al, “Can doctors respond to patient’s increasing interest in complementary

and alternative medicine?”, ”, British Medical Journal, 20 January, 2001, 322, 154-8.

12.

Natural Medicine Society News, 21, June 1992.

13.

Natural Medicine Society News, op cit.

14.

Reilly D, The Puzzle of Homoeopathy, J Alt Compl Med, 2001, 7, Suppl 1, S103-9.

15.

Hamilton E, Exploring General Practitioners attitudes to homeopathy in Dumfries andGalloway, Homeopathy, 2003, 92, 190-194.

16.

“New research in the Times Body and Soul reveals disenchanted Britons turning tocomplementary therapy”, PRNewswire, London Jan 9, 2004.

17.

The Independent, 17 November, 2003.

18.

Author, personal observations, Paris, 1993, 1995.

19.

Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 2004, Mar, 18, 13, 10, 711.

20.

Archives of Internal Medicine, 1999, 17, September 27.

21.

Archives of Family Medicine, 1998, 7, 537-40.

22.

Economic facts and figures, European Coalition on Homoeopathic and Anthroposophical

Medicinal Products, September 2003, 9-10.

23.

Visser GJ, et al. Alternative Medicine and General Practitioners in the Netherlands,

Family Practice, 1990, 7, 3, 227-232.

24.

Aldridge D. Europe looks at Complementary Medicines, BMJ, 1989, 299, 1121-1122.

25.

Watson R. “Belgium is to Regulate Complementary Medicine, British Medical Journal, 22May, 1999, 318, 1372.

26.

Pirotta MV et al, Complementary Therapies- have they been accepted in general practice?,

Medical Journal of Australia, 2000, 172, 105-109.

27.

Swiss Radio International, May 2, 2002.

28.

News Briefs, Complementary Medicine, March/April 2003, 11.

29.

Viksveen P, Antibiotics and the development of resistant microorganisms. Can

homeopathy be an alternative? Homeopathy, 2003, 92, 99-107.

30.

Viksveen P, op cit

31.

European Coalition on Homoeopathic and Anthroposophical Medicinal Products, op cit

32.

Viksveen P, op cit

33.

Archives of Internal Medicine, 1999, 17, September 27.

34.

Viksveen P, op cit.

35.

www.paknews.com, 21.6.03.

36.

www.paknews.com, 21.6.03

37.

“Ailing Haj pilgrims provided treatment”, Pakistan Daily Times, Mar 3, 2003.

38.

The Daily Star, Sept 26, 2002.

39.

Times of India, 9.6.03.

40.

J Ethnopharmacol, 2001, May, 75, 2-3, 71-5.

41.

The Hindu, October 23, 2003.

42.

Daily News, Sri Lanka, Jan 3, 2003.

43.

“A Year In, Uribe Racing to Reform”, St Petersburg Times, August 4, 2003.

44.

Yasgur J. “Homeopathy In Brasil”, Homeopathy Today, Jan 2003, 34.

45.

Yasgur J. op cit

46.

Acad Med, 2002, September, 77 (9), 876-81.

47.

Brauer Natural Medicine, Industry marketing data 2004

48.

Brauer Natural Medicine, Industry marketing data, op cit

49.

Personal correspondance, Dr Steven Kayne, PhD, MBA, LLB, DAgVetPharm,

MRPharmS, MCPP, MPS (NZ), ACNZP, Visiting Lecturer, Dept of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of Strathclyde, Tutor, Homoeopathic Hospitals of Glasgow and London, Tutor,
Pharmacy Dept, Otago PolytechnicMay 1995.

50.

Personal correspondance, Dr Steven Kayne, op cit.

Homeopathy Works

Homeopathic medicines have been used around the world continuously for over 210 years.
During that time they’ve been subjected to attack by medical practitioners who’ve lost patientsto prescribers of homeopathy, by pharmaceutical companies who lose profits due to the reduced
sales of drugs, and by the organisations and individuals who directly or indirectly are supportedby these organisations. In recent times these attacks on homeopathy have been vigorously
supported by the media, which is sustained to a significant degree by the advertising revenue
received from pharmaceutical manufacturers. Despite these attacks, homeopathy continues tosurvive and in many places during several periods of history has flourished. The nature of these
attacks has taken several forms but the 2 enduring criticisms of homeopathy are that it’s“unscientific” and that it lacks the backing of clinical trials. The latter is interesting given thefact that only 10-20% of conventional medical practices are validated by appropriate evidence1.

Arguments Against Homeopathy

To enlarge on the above, the main argument against homeopathy appears to be, “I don’t
understand how it can work therefore it can’t work.” For many who take this position no amountof properly conducted research that shows clearly that it does work will convince them otherwise.
Plainly, this is intellectually dishonest. Some people also take the view that homeopathy can’t
work because there’s no scientific basis for its activity. The only problem with this view is that it
assumes that the body of science that’s been accumulated to date is fixed and will never be
added to, and that there’ll be no new discoveries of fact, observation or mechanism. It also

assumes that there’s no evidence for a mechanism that either partly or fully explains the actionof homeopathics. Such evidence does exist and is easy to find2,3 but even if this wasn’t the case,an absence of evidence does not constitute evidence of absence.

A number of publications are cited by sceptics of homeopathy that are used to support theirviews. The flagship is a review published in the Lancet entitled “Are the clinical effects ofhomeopathy placebo effects?”4 Here, after ultimately comparing 8 trials on homeopathy with 6
on conventional medicine, Shang et al boldly assert that homeopathy is no more effective thanplacebo. A cursory examination of this article reveals it to be dodgy in the extreme. To quote theauthors of the study, “We assumed that the (positive) effects observed in placebo-controlled
trials of homeopathy could be explained by a combination of methodological deficiencies andbiased reporting." The article was riddled with methodological flaws and received widespreadcondemnation from academics and other experts in this field, including a denunciation by the
Indian Health Minister, Prof. Chaturbhuj Nayak.5 Subsequent re-analysis of this article in fact
found that homeopathy was more effective than placebo6, 7.

Another criticism levelled at homeopathy is that clinical trials haven’t been replicated. This isn’tstrictly the case as replication has occurred in several areas (hay fever and diarrhoea to namejust 2) but it’s true that more replication would be useful. The reason for a comparatively low
level of replication of trials in this area is that unlike pharmaceuticals, homoeopathic medicines
in most cases can’t be patented, and there’s little incentive to invest large amounts of money inclinical trials if the product sponsors can’t monopolise the results.

So, is there any evidence that homeopathy works and if so, what form does that evidence take?
It’s important to bear in mind here that critics of homeopathy confidently declare that there isNO evidence for homeopathy. This is a long way from the truth of the matter and the evidence
for the effectiveness of homeopathy is remarkably easy to find.

Human Clinical Trial Meta-analyses

These are systematic statistical analyses of existing human controlled trials that have met
certain quality criteria and are carried out to determine if the research can show that a trend
exists one way or the other.

·

Kleijnan et al in the BMJ8 report that of the 105 clinical trials that met the reviewers’

quality criteria, 81 of those trials showed a positive effect for homeopathy.

·

Cucherat, et al9 state, “There is some evidence that homeopathic treatments are

more effective than placebo.” 16 studies were evaluated.

·

Barnes J, et al, on post operative ileus10, “There is evidence that homeopathic

treatment can reduce the duration of ileus after abdominal of gynaecological surgery”. 6 studies
were evaluated.

·

From Bornhoft, et al11, “Effectiveness of homeopathy can be supported by clinicalevidence”. 74 studies were evaluated.

·

Linde, et al12 report. “Among the high quality studies, positive effects were reported

50% more often than negative effects.” 105 studies were evaluated.

·

Mathie13 states, “The weight of evidence currently favours a positive treatment effectin eight (areas): childhood diarrhoea, fibrositis, hayfever, influenza, pain (miscellaneous), side
effects of radio-or chemotherapy, sprains and upper respiratory tract infections.” 93 studies were
evaluated.

·

On a meta-analysis for the homeopathic medicine, Galphimia, for hay fever,Wiesenauer, et al14 state, “A significant superiority of Galphimia glauca over placebo isdemonstrated. Estimates of verum success rates are comparable with those of conventional
antihistaminics, but no side effects occurred.” 11 studies were evaluated.

·

Witt, et al15 reports, “Even experiments with a high methodological standard could

demonstrate an effect of high potencies.” 75 studies were evaluated.

Individual Human Clinical Trials

There are a large number of high quality randomised controlled human clinical trials that havebeen carried our using homeopathy. Lack of space precludes listing these here but they’re easy
to find either on Medline26, websites operated by institutions such as the Glasgow
Homoeopathic Hospital27, websites that carry material on this subject such as Homeopathic
Doctor28, and Nutrition Matters29.

A good example of the kind of work done here is that carried out by David Reilly and publishedin the Lancet in 199430, where he and others conducted a placebo controlled randomised trial
looking at the use of homeopathic medicines with 28 patients diagnosed with allergic asthma.
Homeopathy proved superior to placebo, and this trial was so well designed and conducted thatthe editors of the Lancet commented that, “either there is something amiss with the clinical trial
as conventionally conducted, or the effects of homoeopathic immunotherapy differ from those ofplacebo…carefully done work of this sort should not be denied the attention of Lancet
readers.”31

Cohort Studies

These are observational studies analysing quality of life, clinical or other outcomes that havecome about as a result of some specific intervention.

·

A study by Spence et al16 found that of 6544 consecutive UK NHS patients treatedwith homeopathy 70.7% reported positive health changes, with 50.7% recording theirimprovement as better or much better.

·

Witt, et al17 found that of 3981 patients seen in Swiss and German medical clinics

practicing homeopathy, and who were treated with homeopathy, patient and physician scoresfor clinical outcomes found that disease severity decreased significantly (p < 0.001) between
baseline and 24 months (adults from 6.2 +/- 1.7 to 3.0 +/- 2.2; children from 6.1 +/- 1.8 to 2.2 +/1.9).

·In another study by Witt et al18, of 3709 patients seen in Swiss and German medical

clinics practicing homeopathy, and who were treated with homeopathy, patient and physician
scores for clinical outcomes found that disease severity decreased significantly (p < 0.001)
between baseline, 2 and 8 years (adults from 6.2 +/- 1.7 to 2.9 +/- 2.2 and 2.7 +/- 2.1; children
from 6.1 +/- 1.8 to 2.1 +/- 2.0 and 1.7 +/- 1.9). These effects persist for as long as 8 years. ,·Marian, et al in a 2008 study19 found that “Overall patient satisfaction was

significantly higher in homeopathic than in conventional care. Homeopathic treatments wereperceived as a low-risk therapy with two to three times fewer side effects than conventionalcare.” 3126 patients were involved in this study.

·

A study by Van Wassenhoven, et al20 found that, “Patients were very satisfied with

their homeopathic treatment, both they and their physicians recorded significant improvement.
Costs of homeopathic treatment were significantly lower than conventional treatment, andmany previously prescribed drugs were discontinued.” 782 patients were involved in this study.

It may be useful to note here that these are only 5 of a larger number of cohort studies that havebeen carried out in this area. These 5 involve responses to the treatment of over 17,000 people
suffering from various forms of illness. A statistically significant majority of these people
experienced a beneficial outcome from this treatment. If we are to believe the critics ofhomeopathy, these people are either liars or deluded.

Veterinary Studies·

Albrecht, et al21 found that, in the treatment of 1440 piglets, “Homeopathic

metaphylaxis is significantly effective compared with placebo and routine low-dose antibiotic
metaphylaxis for incidence of disease and rate of disease of the respiratory tract among theanimals studied.”·On the treatment of Salmonella infection in poultry, Berchieri et al22 found thatwhen 180 one day old chicks were given either an active homeopathic medicine or control andthen challenged with a culture of salmonella. “Birds receiving active treatment were less likely
to grow the strain of Salmonella from cloacal swabs compared to control.”·

Bertani et al23, treating oedema in 307 rats with either a homeopathic medicine orcontrol, found that homeopathy significantly reduced oedema in comparison to controls.

·

From Cazin, et al24, 6 groups of 30 mice given radio-labelled arsenic were treatedwith various homeopathic potencies of arsenic and the level of retention compared to controls.
All homeopathic potencies of arsenic were found to have a greater effect on arsenic elimination
than controls.

·

From Datta, et al25, the authors found that pre and post-feeding of homeopathically

prepared Arsenicum Album 30C and 200C to mice exposed to arsenic trioxide reduced the
genotoxic effects (chromosome aberrations, micronucleated erythrocytes and sperm head
anomaly) of arsenic when compared to controls.

Does Homeopathy Work?

Even if the work referred to above hadn’t been carried out, 213 of continuous years of use andgrowth throughout Europe, more than 150 years of continuous use in the USA, India, Australia
and most other parts of the world to the point where it’s the world’s second most popular systemof healthcare32, and millions of satisfied users, would tend to indicate that homeopathy works.

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Fluhrer J, Integrative Practice Overview. Complementary Medicine, July/ August 2002,

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Endler PC, Schulte J.: Ultra High Dilution: Physiology and Physics. Kluwer Academic

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Homeopathy, July 2007, 96, 141-230

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Shang A, Huwiler-Mûntener K, et al. Are the clinical effects of homeopathy placebo

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Bertani S, et al. Dual effects of a homeopathic mineral complex on carrageenan-induced

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Cazin JC, et al. A study of the effect of decimal and centesimal dilutions of arsenic on theretention and mobilization of arsenic in the rat. Hum Toxicol. 1987 Jul;6(4):315-20.

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Datta S, et al Efficacy of a potentized homoeopathic drug (Arsenicum Album-30) in

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