Manual HR series
CoaXPress
hr25, hr120, hr342, hr455, hr51

Content
1

Company information

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1.1

Standards

8

1.2

Disclaimer

8

1.3

Copyright notice92Legal information

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2.1

USA and Canada

10

2.2

Europe10

3

The HR camera series

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3.1

Focusing on details

11

3.2

CoaXPress features11

4

Getting started

12

4.1

Get help

12

4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2

Power supply
Connect the camera

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12
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4.3

Camera status LED codes

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4.4
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.4.3

Software and firmware

Software development kit

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Connectors

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5.1
5.1.1
5.1.2

CoaXPress
Connecting the data cable(s)

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5.2

Hirose I/O connector

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6Feature description

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6.1
6.1.1

Basic features

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23

Power safety

Software for CoaXPress
SVCapture 2.x

Protocol description

Gain

2

6.1.2
6.1.3
6.1.4
6.1.5
6.1.6
6.1.7
6.1.8
6.1.9
6.1.106.1.11
6.1.12
6.1.136.1.146.1.156.1.16

Resolution

6.2
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
6.2.4
6.2.5
6.2.6
6.2.7
6.2.8
6.2.9
6.2.106.2.11
6.2.12

Camera features

6.3
6.3.1
6.3.2
6.3.3
6.3.4
6.3.5
6.3.6
6.3.7
6.3.8
6.3.9
6.3.106.3.11
6.3.12I/O Features

OffsetColor
Flip image
Binning
Decimation
GenICam
Trigger modes
Shutter modes
Exposure
Exposure speed
Acquisition and processing time
Auto exposure
hr120 operation modes
Bit depth

Glass filter
Shading correction
Defect pixel correction
Look-up table
ROI / AOI
Basic capture modes
Trigger modes
Read-out control
Temperature sensor
System clock frequency
Predefined configurations (user sets)
Pixel clock frequency selection

GenICamAssigning I/O Lines – IOMUX
PWM
LED strobe control
Sequencer
Optical input
PLC / Logical operation on inputs
Serial data interfaces
Trigger-edge sensitivity
Debouncing trigger signals
Prescale
Trigger modes

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7

Dimensions

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7.1

M58 mount91

7.2

hr25CX92

7.3

hr342CX

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7.4

hr51CX97

7.5

hr455CX100

7.6hr120CX

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8

Appendix

106

8.1

I/O driver circuit schematics

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8.2

IP protection classes

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4

List of figures
Fig.: 4-1: Camera status LED codes
13
Fig.: 4-2: Screenshot of SVCapture 2.x: GenICam tree and current
15
image
Fig.: 5-1: I/O Hirose connector layout
21
Fig.: 6-1: Noise caused by too much gain
23
Fig.: 6-2: Dark noise cut off by the offset
24
Fig.: 6-3: CCD with Bayer pattern
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Fig.: 6-4: Original image
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Fig.: 6-5: Horizontal flip
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Fig.: 6-6: Vertical flip
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Fig.: 6-7: Vertical binning
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Fig.: 6-8: Horizontal binning
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Fig.: 6-9: 2x2 binning
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Fig.: 6-10: Horizontal decimation
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Fig.: 6-11: Vertical decimation
29
Fig.: 6-12: Decimation on color sensors
29
Fig.: 6-13: flash control with rolling shutter
35
Fig.: 6-14: Rolling shutter lines light sensitivity versus time
36
Fig.: 6-15: setup of global reset release mode in GenICam tree
38
Fig.: 6-16: strobe control in global reset mode
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Fig.: 6-17: Acquisition and processing time
41
Fig.: 6-18: Fast mode triggered - example 1
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Fig.: 6-19: Fast mode triggered - example 2
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Fig.: 6-20: Precise mode triggered
43
Fig.: 6-21: Shading control disabled
46
Fig.: 6-22: Illustration of a defect pixel
49
Fig.: 6-23: Custom LUT adding contrast to the mid-tones
53
Fig.: 6-24: Several gamma curves comparable to a LUT
54
Fig.: 6-25: AOI on area sensor
55
Fig.: 6-26: Basic capture modes - free running
56
Fig.: 6-27: Basic capture modes - triggered mode (pulse width with56
overlap)
Fig.: 6-28: Basic capture modes - triggered mode (pulse width
57
without overlap)
Fig.: 6-29: Illustration of physical data stream in time
60
Fig.: 6-30: "IN0" connected to "debouncer"
64
Fig.: 6-31: Example of an IOMUX configuration
68
Fig.: 6-32: PWM intensity
71
Fig.: 6-33: Example: 25% PWM load
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Fig.: 6-34: Example: 50% PWM load
72
Fig.: 6-35: Example: 75% PWM load
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5

Fig.: 6-36: The PWM module
Fig.: 6-37: Attach LED lights to camera outputs
Fig.: 6-38: Sequencer timing diagram
Fig.: 6-39: Optical input
Fig.: 6-40: UART encoding of a data stream
Fig.: 6-41: Schmitt trigger noise suppression
Fig.: 6-42: Bounces or glitches caused by a switch
Fig.: 6-43: Debouncer between the trigger source and trigger
Fig.: 6-44: The debouncer module
Fig.: 6-45: Prescale values and their result on trigger signal
Fig.: 6-46: The prescale module
Fig.: 7-1: M58 mountFig.: 7-2: hr25*CX front view
Fig.: 7-3: hr25*CX back view
Fig.: 7-4: hr25*CX right view
Fig.: 7-5: hr25*CX top view
Fig.: 7-6: hr25*CX bottom view
Fig.: 7-7: hr25*CX cross section
Fig.: 7-8: hr342*CX front view
Fig.: 7-9: hr342*CX back view
Fig.: 7-10: hr342*CX right view
Fig.: 7-11: hr342*CX top view
Fig.: 7-12: hr342*CX bottom view
Fig.: 7-13: hr342*CX cross section
Fig.: 7-14: hr51CX front view
Fig.: 7-15: hr51CX back view
Fig.: 7-16: hr51CX right view
Fig.: 7-17: hr51CX top view
Fig.: 7-18: hr51CX bottom view
Fig.: 7-19: hr51CX cross section
Fig.: 7-20: hr455CX front view
Fig.: 7-21: hr455CX back view
Fig.: 7-22: hr455CX right view
Fig.: 7-23: hr455CX top view
Fig.: 7-24: hr455CX bottom view
Fig.: 7-25: hr455CX cross section
Fig.: 7-26: hr120*CX front view
Fig.: 7-27: hr120*CX back view
Fig.: 7-28: hr120*CX right view
Fig.: 7-29: hr120*CX top view
Fig.: 7-30: hr120*CX bottom view
Fig.: 7-31: hr120*CX cross section
Fig.: 8-1: I/O driver circuit schematics

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List of tables
Table: 5-1: Hirose connector types
Table: 6-1: Table of dB and corresponding ISO value
Table: 6-2: hr120 trigger modes
Table: 6-3: LEDs in continuous mode
Table: 6-4: Example Calculation “No Flash” (CW Mode)
Table: 6-5: Truth table of logic function
Table: 6-6: Serial interface parameters – RS-232 and RS-422

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1

Company information
SVS-VISTEK GmbH
Mühlbachstr. 20
82229 Seefeld
Germany
Tel.: +49 (0) 81 52 9985-0
Fax: +49 (0) 81 52 9985-79
Mail: info@svs-vistek.com
Web: https://www.svs-vistek.com

1.1

Standards
This manual is based on the following standards:

1.2

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DIN EN 62079

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DIN EN ISO 12100l

ISO Guide 37l

DIN ISO 3864-2

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DIN ISO 3864-4

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DIN ISO 16016:2002-5

Disclaimer
This manual contains important instructions for safe and efficient handling of
SVCam cameras (hereinafter referred to as „camera“). This manual is part of thecamera and must be kept accessible in the immediate vicinity of the camera forany person working on or with this camera.
Read carefully and make sure you understand this manual prior to starting any
work with this camera. The basic prerequisite for safe work is compliant with all
specified safety and handling instructions.
Accident prevention guidelines and general safety regulations should be applied.
Illustrations in this manual are provided for basic understanding and can vary fromthe actual model of this camera. No claims can be derived from the illustrations inthis manual.
The camera in your possession has been produced with great care and has beenthoroughly tested. Nonetheless, in case of any complaint, please contact yourlocal SVS-VISTEK distributor. You will find a list of distributors in your area on
www.svs-vistek.com

1 Company information

8

1.3

Copyright notice
Forwarding and duplicating of this document, as well as using or revealing its contents are prohibited without written approval. All rights reserved with regard to patent claims or submission of design or utility patent.

1 Company information92

Legal information
Errors and omissions excepted.
These products are designed for industrial applications only. Cameras from SVSVistek are not designed for life support systems where malfunction of the
products might result in any risk of personal harm or injury. Customers, integrators and end users of SVS-Vistek products might sell these products and agree
to do so at their own risk, as SVS-Vistek will not take any liability for any damage
from improper use or sale.

2.1

USA and CanadaThis device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to thefollowing conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2)this device must accept any interference received, including interference that
may cause undesired operation.

NOTICE

This equipment is compliant with Class A of CISPR 32. In a residential
environment this equipment may cause radio interference.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A
digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC rules.
It is necessary to use a shielded power supply cable. You can then use the “shieldcontact” on the connector which has GND contact to the camera housing. This isessential for any use. If not done and camera is destroyed due to Radio Magnetic
Interference (RMI) WARRANTY is void!
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2.2

Power: US/UK and European line adapter can be delivered. Otherwise use
filtered and stabilized DC power supply.
Shock & vibration resistance is tested. For detailed specifications refer to thesection on specifications ("Specifications").

EuropeThis camera is CE tested, rules of EN 55022:2010+AC2011 and EN61000-62:2005 apply.
The product is in compliance with the requirements of the following European directives:ll

2014/30/EU Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
2011/65/EU Restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment (RoHS)

All SVS-VISTEK cameras comply with the recommendation of the European
Union concerning RoHS Rules.

2 Legal information

10

3

The HR camera series

3.1

Focusing on details
The SVCam HR series is a series of industrial machine vision cameras featuring
especially on very high image resolutions and interface high speed without compromising on image quality. Camera sensors and interfaces are built to deliver
maximum sensor and interface bandwidth.
These high resolution sensors in most cases are large, thus the HR series comeswith an M58 mount with the possibility to adapt for any kind of lens.
High-quality image sensors with high resolutions allow fast and effortless acquisition of a large field of view. This makes this camera series your first choice fordemanding applications such as optical meteorology, quality monitoring, wide
field surveillance or traffic monitoring.

3.2

CoaXPress features
CoaXPress (CXP) is the latest development regarding high speed high volumedata transfer for imaging. The interface needs a frame grabber. The CoaXPress
standard is very precise and is incorporating a lot of features like power-overCoaXPress (PoCXP) already in the standard definition.
Main advantages of CXP arel

6.25 Gbit/s tranfer rate (CXP-6) per linelLines can be teamed: a 4-line aggregation delivers up to 25Gbit/slProvides data and power on a single linelVery thin and flexible cablesl

25 m data cable supportedlExtremely low latency times

Please note, in case you use the 4IO PWM outputs to drive your lights, you needan external power supply as PoCXP is unable to deliver the high currents requested by the lights.

3 The HR camera series

114

Getting started

4.1

Get help
In case of issues with the camera we are happy to help. For being able to help you
in a fast and efficient way, we ask you for a description of the issues using camera in your support request.
You can put your support request to us via our support form:
https://www.svs-vistek.com/en/support/svs-support-request.php
Please fill the form with special attention to camera model, frame grabber modeland operating system. Our support team will come back to you.

4.2

Power supply
For safety reasons, for protection of the camera and users, use certified power
supplies only. Please refer to specifications for your camera model. Appropriate
power supplies can be ordered at SVS-VISTEK GmbH.

4.2.1

Power safety
The camera does not have a power switch. The camera is powered on as soon
power is available to the camera. This might happen via the Hirose connector or(in case of USB or CoaXPress) through the interface cables.
For making sure the camera is not connected to powerlllDisconnect Hirose (or M12) plug from camera
If the camera interface is USB or CoaXPress, disconnect interface connector from the camera
Disconnect power plug from power AC wall outlet to disable the DC power
supply as well.

The power supply must be easily accessible at all times! For Power specs, referto the data sheet of your model.
Before connecting your camera to power, make sure your data cable is connected
properly. Always connect data cable before power.
NOTICEThe camera does not support hotplugging

4.2.2

Connect the camera
The camera is powered on by connecting power to to the camera. Connect thepower supply with the Hirose connector. When using your own power supply(voltage range 10 -25 V DC) see also Hirose™ 12-Pin layout of the power connector. For power input specifications refer to specifications.
Generally external power supply for USB3 Vision, CoaXPress (if PoCXP
enabled) or PoE cameras is not needed. Nonetheless, you might want to use aseparate power on the Hirose connector to reduce load on the data port. The
external power on the Hirose connector is the preferred power source.
The power up is defined as follows:

4 Getting started

12

l

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INFO

Power over USB3, CoaXPress port or GigE port (with PoE) or on the Hirose
connector will power on the camera
If power is found on the Hirose connector, camera power supply will switch
to the Hirose connector
If Hirose power supply is cut, camera power supply will switch back to powerover USB3, PoE or power over CXP supply

Camera power supply is not powering 4I/O LED lights.
When using your own power supply (voltage range 10-25 V DC) see also Hirose
12- pin layout of the power connector. For power input specifications refer to specifications.

4.3

Camera status LED codes
Latest SVCam CoaXPress cameras provides status information per CXP line. A
LED is located close to each CXP connector and will indicate the current status
for the appropriate CXP line. The LEDs will change color and rhythm.
The meaning of the CXP line blinking codes is depending whether PoCXP is used
and translates as follows:

Fig.: 4-1: Camera status LED codes

4 Getting started

13

4.4

Software and firmware
Further information, documentations, release notes, latest software and application manuals can be downloaded in the download area on SVS-Vistek download
area. Depending on the type of camera you bought, several software packages
apply.
If you are logged in, this is the location to find latest releases of firmware
upgrades of your camera model as well.

4.4.1

Software for CoaXPress
CoaXPress is a well defined standard protocol. As there is the need for a hardware grabber, the grabber manufacturer is providing software for CoaXPress cameras. Please refer to the manufacturer of your CoaXPress grabber device.
The latest SVCapture (starting with version 2.5.4) is able to run CoaXPress cameras with Euresys CoaXPress interface cards and their GenTL drivers respectively. SVCapture providing a GenICam interface tree with its GenICam
properties. You might need your framegrabber’s manufacturer software for viewing images though.
Please read the SVCam Kit Quick Guide regarding install.

4.4.2

SVCapture 2.x
SVCapture is the recommended, GenICam-based software to operate SVCam
industrial cameras. Your SVCam combined software installer including:
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SVCapture 2.x(a viewer/controller program for SVCam cameras)
PC USB3 driver & filter driver
GenTL_Drivers(GenICam drivers and transport layer DDLs for Camera Link, CoaXPress,
USB3, GigE / 10 GigE)
C/C# programming libs and interface

SVCapture 2.x is a GenICam/XML based software tool provided for free. It is created to show the capabilities of your SVS-Vistek camera and to show/modify values to your cam.
Get control of exposure timing, trigger delay, image correction etc. or control up to
4 LED lights connected to the SVCam directly via "GenICam" on page 63control.
Use the built-in "Sequencer" on page 76to program several intervals executed bya single trigger impulse.

4 Getting started

14

Fig.: 4-2: Screenshot of SVCapture 2.x: GenICam tree and current image

Setup of SVCapture2
Installation procedure may differ from PC to PC. It is recommended to install thewhole software package. For this step it is necessary to have root access to yourcomputer.
1. Copy or expand the installation executable file to your hard drive.
2. Start installation. Read and accept the terms of license agreement.

3. Choose destination folder and select necessary modules / drivers. The
TLxxx modules are the GenTL drivers, necessary as well if you want to use

4 Getting started

15

SVS-Vistek driver with third party software.

4. In case of system warnings regarding modification of USB3 drivers or
GigE/10GigE filter drivers: The specified performance is possible only withthese highly optimized drivers. Accept these modifications.

Initialization
First launch

1. Connect the camera to your computer. In case of a new USB3 camera driver
hardware installation notice will pop up.

4 Getting started

16

2. Start SVCapture. SVCapture will try to discover your camera.

3. Click on the camera being found and you’re connected.
Depending on your interface type, with TL Settings you are able to adjust whichinterface types should be included in the camera discover process.

INFO

4 Getting started

If you have installed third-party GenTL drivers (e.g. Euresys CoaXPress or Camera Link drivers), they should be selectable as well. This works only if third-party
software has been installed before SVCapture.

174. Find and adjust your camera features in the GenICam tree. Click and adjust
items by number (1.) or slider (2.) and start grabbing images from the camera.

USB 3.0 driver

You can find the USB 3.0 driver which has been installed automatically within the
hardware manager:

4 Getting started

18

4.4.3

Software development kit
The SDK is based on C programming language and is installed together with
SVCapture2. The SDK supports C and C++. For a typical installation, the libraries, header files, and examples are located in the directory:
C:\Program Files\SVS-VISTEK GmbH\SVCam Kit\SDK

INFO

Refer to the “Getting started with SDK” manual for first steps in programmingyour SVS-Vistek camera. This document should be included in the docs sectionof your installation.
The following platforms are supported:

4 Getting startedl

X86 (Windows, Linux, MacOS support on request)l

ARM (Nvidia Jetson TX1/TX2)

19

5

Connectors
Cameras from SVS-Vistek feature a combined I/O and power supply connector(Hirose) and a data connector.

5.1

CoaXPress

5.1.1

Protocol description
CoaXPress was established as a standard protocol in machine vision 2009. The
current version documented by Japan Industrial Imaging Association is 1.1. It istargeted to high bandwidth connections. The CoaXPress standard is scalable
from 1.25 Gbit/s up to 25 Gbit/s with a maximum distance of more than 200 m.
The standard connector for CoaXPress is a 75Ω DIN 1.0/2.3 connector. Depending on the desired bit rate, environment and speed you might use 75Ω coaxial
cables like RG11, RG6, RG59 and RG187 (recommended). SVS-VISTEK uses
female connectors on their cameras according to JIIA standard.
You need cables with male connectors (plugs).
Protocol type is serial and is designed as an end-to-end connection. Forwarding
the data stream to multiple receivers does require additional hardware (pls contact
SVS-VISTEK).
SVS-VISTEK cameras are supporting CoaXPress with up to 6.25 Gbit/s per line.
Transmission speeds above this can be managed by operating multiple
CoaXPress lines in parallel. Currently the cameras (depending on the model) from
SVS-VISTEK are supporting up to 4 lines in parallel. All SVS-VISTEKCoaXPress cameras support the GEN<i>CAM interface.
CoaXPress standard supports camera control and power over CoaXPress(PoCXP, 24 V@13W). It is recommended to use the frame grabber power supply
over CoaXPress.

5.1.2

Connecting the data cable(s)You need a CoaXPress frame grabber for connecting the camera to your hostcomputer.
Before powering on, connect the cables to the camera and the frame grabber.
CXP connectors have a locking mechanism. Always plug and unplug the cable atthe connector, never pull the cable.
If your frame grabber has got less channels than the camera, the data transfer will
not reach the maximum values mentioned in the specifications. If your frame grabber has more CoaXPress lines than your camera, try to connect the low channel
numbers (0,1,…) first.
You may connect more than 1 camera to a multi-channel frame grabber. Always
connect the CoaXPress data cables before power on!

NOTICE

5 Connectors

Be careful with the tiny connectors. They slide up neatly and are locking
quite well, but too much force might easily break the connectors.

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5.2

Hirose I/O connector
The Hirose™ connector provides power, input and output signal access. Max
power out is 2 Amperes peak.

Fig.: 5-1: I/O Hirose connector layout

Inputs and outputs connect via 4I/O-matrix in the GenICam software tree to theappropriate actions. For detailed information about switching lights with the power
outputs via GenICam, refer to "LED strobe control" on page 74.
Type

HR10A-10R-12P

Matching Connector

HR10A-10P-12S

Table: 5-1: Hirose connector types

INFO

5 Connectors

PoE (Power over Ethernet) models do not support RS232 on pins 3 & 4.

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6

Feature description
This chapter covers features of SVCam cameras. Not every feature might be supported by your specific camera model. For information about the features of yourspecific model, please refer to the specifications area of our website with yourexact model.
https://www.svs-vistek.com/en/industrial-cameras/svs-svcam-searchresult.php

6.1

Basic features
This section covers basic functionality of area sensor cameras.

6 Feature description

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6.1.1

Gain
Setting gain above 0 dB (default) is a way to boost the signal coming from thesensor. Especially useful for low light conditions. Setting gain amplifies the signalof individual or binned pixels before the ADC. Referring to photography adding
gain corresponds to increasing ISO. Increasing gain will increase noise as well.
add 6 dB

double ISO value

6 dB

400 ISO

12 dB

800 ISO

18 dB

1600 ISO

24 dB

3200 ISO

Table: 6-1: Table of dB and corresponding ISO value

NOTICE

Gain also amplifies the sensor’s noise. Therefore, gain should be lastchoice for increasing image brightness. Modifying gain will not change thecamera’s dynamic range.

Fig.: 6-1: Noise caused by too much gain

Auto gain
For automatic adjustment of gain refer to auto exposure (see "Auto exposure" onpage 41).
When using auto-gain with steps of gain the noncontinuous gain adjustment might
be visible in final image. Depending on your application it might be preferable touse fixed gain values instead and modify exposure with exposure time.

6.1.2

Resolution
As mentioned in the specifications, there is a difference between the numericalsensor resolution and the camera resolution. Some pixels towards the borders of
the sensor will be used only internally to calibrate sensor values (“Dark pixels”).

6 Feature description

23

The amount of dark current in these areas is used to adjust the offset (see "Offset" below).
For calculating image sizes, the maximum camera resolution is determining maximum image resolution, refer to the specifications of the camera model).

6.1.3

OffsetFor physical reasons the output of a sensor will never be zero, even the camera isplaced in total darkness or simply closed. Always there will be noise or randomly
appearing electrons that will be detected as a signal (dark noise: noise generated
without light exposure).
To avoid this dark noise to be interpreted as a valuable signal, an offset will be
set.

Fig.: 6-2: Dark noise cut off by the offset

Most noise is proportional to temperature. To spare you regulating the offset every
time the temperature changes. A precedent offset is set by the camera itself. It references certain pixels that never were exposed to light as black. So the offset will
be set dynamically and conditioned to external influences.
The offset can be limited by a maximum bit value. If higher values are needed, try
to set a look up table.

INFO

6 Feature description

For multi-tap CCD sensors, the offset can be altered for each tap separately.

24

6.1.4

Color
Color cameras are identical to the monochrome versions. The color pixels aretransferred in sequence from the camera, in the same manner as the monochrome, but considered as “raw”-format.

Fig.: 6-3: CCD with Bayer pattern

The camera sensor has a color mosaic filter called “Bayer” filter pattern named
after the person who invented it. The pattern alternates as follows:
E.g.: First line: GRGRGR... and so on. (R=red, B=blue, G=green) Second line:
BGBGBG... and so on. Please note that about half of the pixels are green, aquarter red and a quarter blue. This is due to the maximum sensitivity of thehuman eye at about 550 nm (green). De-Bayering is not done in the camera, it
must be done in the client software(also refer to SDK functions). Not all sensors
have the same sequence of color. The GenICam property PixelColorFilter indicates the sequence of the color pixels when reading color images.
Using color information from the neighboring pixels the RG and B values of eachpixel is interpolated by software, e.g. the red pixel does not have information ofgreen and blue components. The performance of the image depends on the software used.
Camera Link frame grabbers need information of the sequence order of the colors.
The order depends on sensor type. USB3 and GigE cameras provide this in theirXML file.

INFO

It is recommended to use an IR cut filter for color applications

White balance
The human eye adapts to the definition of white depending on thelighting conditions. The human brain will define a surface as
white, e.g. a sheet of paper, even when it is illuminated with a bluish light.
White balance of a camera does the same. It defines white or
removes influences of a color based on a non-white illumination.
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6.1.5

Continuous: Auto white balance will analyze the taken images and adjust
exposure per color accordingly as long as the camera is taking images. Different colors of the same object in a sequence might be the result dependingon the other objects in the image
Once: Auto white balance will adjust white balance as soon it is started andwill stop modifying parameters as soon white balance is finished.

Flip image
Images can be mirrored horizontally or vertically. Image flip is done inside thememory of the camera, therefore not increasing the CPU load of the PC.

6 Feature description

25

Fig.: 6-4: Original image

Fig.: 6-5: Horizontal flip

6 Feature description

26

Fig.: 6-6: Vertical flip

6.1.6

Binning
Binning provides a way to enhance dynamic range, but at the cost of lower resolution. Binning combines electron charges from neighboring pixels directly on thechip, before readout.
Binning is only used with monochrome CCD Sensors. For reducing resolution on
color sensors refer to "Decimation" on the facing page.
On CMOS sensors, binning will not affect image quality. In any case, binning will
reduce the amount of pixel data to be transferred.

Vertical binning
Accumulates vertical pixels.

Fig.: 6-7: Vertical binning

6 Feature description

27

Horizontal binning
Accumulates horizontal pixels.

Fig.: 6-8: Horizontal binning

2×2 Binning
A combination of horizontal and vertical binning.
When DVAL signal is enabled only every third pixel in horizontal direction is
grabbed.

Fig.: 6-9: 2x2 binning

6.1.7

Decimation
For reducing width or height of an image, decimation can be used. Columns orrows can be ignored.

INFO

Refer to "ROI / AOI" on page 55for reducing data rate by reducing the region you
are interested in.

6 Feature description

28

Fig.: 6-10: Horizontal decimation

Fig.: 6-11: Vertical decimation

Decimation on color sensors
The Bayer pattern color information is preserved with 1/3 horizontal and verticalresolution. The frame readout speed increases approx. by factor 2.5.

Fig.: 6-12: Decimation on color sensors

6 Feature description

29

6.1.8GenICamprovides a generic programming interface to control all kinds ofcameras and devices. Regardless of the interface technology (GigE Vision,
USB3 Vision, CoaXPress, Camera Link, etc.) or implemented feature, the application programming interface (API) will always be the same. The SNFC makes
sure the feature names are similar throughout the manufacturers, making it moreeasy to switch camera models.
The GenICamTM standard consists of multiple modules according to the maintasks to be solved:ll

GenApi: configuring the camera
SNFC: Standard Feature Naming Convention, a catalog of standardized
names and types for common device featuresl

GenTL: transport layer interface, grabbing imagesl

GenCP: generic GenICam control protocoll

GenTL SFNC: recommended names and types for transport layer interface.

The GenICam properties are organized as a tree. Manufacturers can add more features.
With your SVCam, the GenICam tree does have some hardware related extensions, especially in the I/O sector. See the Quick guide install for a short introduction into the SVS-Vistek GenICam tree.
The GenICam properties are organized in views. The recommended way to view
and adjust is by using SVCapture. If you want to have a full view of all adjustable
GenICam items, activate the Guru mode. Beginner mode will show only mostcommon attributes.

NOTICE

6 Feature description

All modfications in the GenICam tree will have immediate effect.

30

6.1.9Trigger modes
To start capturing images, the camera has to receive a trigger signal. This trigger
signal can be a software trigger, it might be an electric signal on the hardware I/Oor it can be a timed trigger (sequence of images, Precision Time Protocol).

Software trigger
The camera exposure can be started via software. With some interface types like
GigE and USB3 it is impossible to have a 100% precise software trigger.
CoaXPress and Camera Link permit relatively precise triggering of the camera. If
you need to have a precise trigger, usage of "External hardware trigger" on
page 88 is recommended.

External hardware trigger
External trigger with programmable exposure time. In this mode the camera is
waiting for an external trigger pulse that starts integration, whereas exposure timeis programmable via the serial interface and calculated by the internal microcontroller of the camera. Default input is Input1 for trigger.
At the rising edge of the trigger the camera will initiate the exposure.
The software provided by SVS-Vistek allows the user to set exposure time e.g.
from 60 μs to 60 sec (camera type dependent).
Exposure time of the next image can overlap with the frame readout of the current
image (trigger pulse occurs when FVAL is high). When this happens, the start of
exposure time is synchronized to the negative edge of the LVAL signal (see figure)

When the rising edge of trigger signal occurs after frame readout has ended(FVAL is low), the start of exposure time is not synchronized to LVAL and exposure time starts after a short and persistant delay.

6 Feature description

31

Exposure time can be changed during operation. No frame is distorted duringswitching time. If the configuration is saved to the EEPROM, the set exposure
time will remain also when power is removed.

Details of external trigger mode
Diagrams below are equivalent for CCD and CMOS technique.

6 Feature description

32

6 Feature description

33

6.1.10

Shutter modes
CCD and CMOS area cameras consist of pixels, ordered in lines and columns.
All pixel are exposed to light and then read out to camera electronics. There is adifference of reading out the sensor between global and rolling shutter. Especially
flashing and moving objects might need more attention with rolling shutter. Referto specifications to determine whether your camera has global or rolling shutter.
There are 3 modes to operate a camera area sensor:

Global shutter modelGlobal reset of all pixelslAll pixels start light integration at the same timelAll pixels stop integration at same timelReadout line by line after exposure of whole frame is completed

Artifactsl

All pixel show same movement artifactsl

In case of exposure time too long, all pixels blurred

Use short exposure times for preventing blur artifacts. Image of moving object on
sensor must not move more than half pixel width.
Exposure with flash

Flash strobe at any time and length while exposing. With moving objects, lightpulse has to be short enough to prevent blur artifacts.

Rolling shutter modelPixel reset line by linelLine by line light integrationlIntegration starts with different point of time for each linel

All lines stop integration at different timelLine readout immediately after line exposurelNext integration has to wait for finished readout (per line)l

No external exposure control (expose while trigger signal active)

Limitations

Use short exposure times for preventing blur / deforming artifacts. Image of moving object on sensor must not move more than half pixel width. In case of moving
objects, exposure movement on sensor has to be shorter than half a pixel forwhole image.
Make sure your light is ON as long any pixel are going to be exposed. Total imaging time is exposure time plus scanning time.
Minimum scan time in most cases is about 1 frame length.
With rolling shutter the whole sensor has to be read out – always. That means
applying ROI will reduce the amount of final data being transmitted out of the camera (and the frame rate might rise, due to the limited bandwidth of the interface).

6 Feature description

34

Nonetheless, the maximum achievable frame rate with applied ROI will be themaximum frame rate of the sensor reading the full sensor area (internal full sensor
speed), please refer to relating sensor specs.
Artifactsl

All pixel show same artifactslDeformed image of moving objects

Exposure with flash

Fig.: 6-13: flash control with rolling shutterlFlash strobe on whole exposure time

- or lFlash strobe only while all lines are sensitive to light at the same time (delay
flash strobe until all lines are sensitive to light)

Make sure to protect from changing environment light (recommendation: flash
strobe in darkness). Short Flash strobe times with moving objects.

6 Feature description

35

Light control with rolling shutter

As being said, not all sensor lines are sensitive to light at the same time. Make
sure your light is ON as long any pixel are going to e exposed. An exo183xGE i.e.
needs about 62ms of minimal scanning time. An exo183xCL i.e. needs about
120ms of minimal scanning time. Minimum scan time in most cases is about 1
frame length.

There are 2 general guidelines for flashing with rolling shutter:ll

Make sure your light is ON and stable the whole period of time while scanning / exposing. Minimum flash time is scanning time plus exposure time. In
this case, while flashing you will get geometric distortions as mentioned
above. Exposure will be determined by camera exposure time and lightintensity.
If flash time is less than scanning time then exposure time has to be at least
scanning time + flash time, with a delay of scanning time. In other words,
your exposure time will be scanning time plus flash time, while you use aflash delay of scanning time. Thus flash release will start after the delay ofscanning time, as soon the sensor is fully open. You should keep the object
in total darkness while the first scanning time.
In this case, as all lines are sensitive to light at the same time after the firstscan time, flashing time can be as short as you like. You will not see the typical geometric rolling shutter distortions as shown above. Imaging will be similar to global shutter. Exposure will be determined by flash time / intensity.

Fig.: 6-14: Rolling shutter lines light sensitivity versus time

As shown here, after triggering only part of the sensor is sensitive to light (scanning time). As soon as scanning time has finished, all pixels are sensitive to light,

6 Feature description

36

the sensor is fully open. While being fully open this is the time where flashingshould happen. In the final scanning time, less and less pixels are sensitive tolight until the sensor light sensitivity will finish.
Rolling shutter limitations

Due to the principles of rolling shutter, some standard features of
SVS-Vistek cameras are not applicable.
llExternal exposure control (expose while trigger signal active) does not makesense with rolling shutter
ROI with rolling shutter: With rolling shutter the whole sensor has to be readout – always. That means applying ROI will reduce the amount of final data
being transmitted out of the camera (and the framerate might rise, due to thelimited bandwidth of the interface). Nonetheless, the maximum achievable
framerate with applied ROI will be the maximum framerate of the sensor reading the full sensor area (internal full sensor speed), please refer to relating
sensor specs.

Calculate frame rates

According to the calculation below, the requested times for scanning through alllines of the sensor will affect maximum frame rate calculation as well.
In this example, the camera is an exo183 with 3672 lines and 54 dummy lines.
Each line takes 22.2 ms readout time (depending on CameraLink tap configuration). The camera does have about 300 µs exposure time delay at worst
case.
Frame rate calculation with exo183CCL with rolling shutter
lines

3672

dummy lines+

total lines
readout time 1x3_1Y

54
3726

22,2 µs

exp delay* 3726 =82717,2 µs+

300 µsframe readout time

83017,2 µs

This is minimum time for camera readout with 0s exposure time.
Exposure time has to be added:
frame readout time

83017,2 µs

exposure time2500 µs

total frame time85517,2 µs

maximum sensor acquisition time

1/ frame time

11,6 fps

note: readout time 1x2_1Y = 32,63 µs

6 Feature description

37

Global Reset Release Mode
Global reset release mode is a special mode to operate rolling shutter sensors. All
rolling shutter cameras from SVS-VISTEK GmbH can be operated in Global
Reset Release mode. Global reset release shows advantages when operating
light sources in non-constant light situations.

Fig.: 6-15: setup of global reset release mode in GenICam tree

Benefitsl

All pixel reset all lines same timelLight integration starts with same point of time for each linel

All lines stop integration at different timelReadout line by line

Limitations

ROI limitations apply similar to rolling shutter.
l

Next integration has to wait for finished readout of last active linel

No external exposure control (expose while trigger signal active)l

not useful with constant object illumination

ArtifactslDifferent amount of blur on moving objects (more blur the later the readout)lDeformed image of moving objects (see rolling shutter)lbrighter exposure the later the readout

Global reset mode with flash

The disadvantage of global reset release mode is lines at the end of readout are
exposed to light longer than the lines at readout start, brightness is different.
Using a strobe controller with flashed light will get rid of the issue.
Global reset release mode setuplmake sure of no external (constant) light sourceluse flash only for object illuminationlset camera to global reset release modelstart exposure time together with flash (flash strobe in darkness)

When flashing in global reset mode, the flash time will define the exposure time.
Thus, an very time-stable flash control is essential.

6 Feature description

38

Fig.: 6-16: strobe control in global reset mode

In Global Reset Mode flash is starting together with exposure, all CMOS lines are
sensitive to light. Flash time has to be shorter than exposure time. Exposure timeis determined by flash time.

INFO

Strobe control jitter might be visible in the image as brightness instabilities.
We recommend using the very stable integrated I/O flash control for light control.
Precision is about 1 tic or 15ns.

6.1.11

Exposurell

For various exposure and timing modes in chapter, see "Basic capturemodes" on page 56.
For combining various exposure timings with PWM LED illumination, refer to"Sequencer" on page 76.

Setting exposure time
Exposure time can be set by width of the external or internal triggers or programmed by a given value.

6.1.12

Exposure speed
Frames per second, or frame rate describes the number of frames output per
second (1/ frame time). Especially GigE and USB cameras cannot guarantee predictable maximum frame rates with heavy interface bus load.

Maximum frame rate might depend on:

6 Feature descriptionlPixel clockl

Image sizel

Tap structurelData transport limitationl

Processing time39

6 Feature description

40

6.1.13

Acquisition and processing time
The camera has to read the sensor, process the data to a valid image and transfer
this to the host computer. Some of these tasks are done in parallel. This implies
the data transfer does not end immediately after end of exposure, as the image
has to be processed and transferred after exposure.

Fig.: 6-17: Acquisition and processing timeOn the other hand, while processing and transferring the image the sensor might
capture already the next frame.

6.1.14

Auto exposure
Auto Luminance or auto exposure automatically calculates andadjusts exposure time and gain, frame-by-frame.
The auto exposure or automatic luminance control of the camera
signal is a combination of an automatic adjustment of the camera
exposure time (electronic shutter) and the gain.
The first priority is to adjust the exposure time and if the exposure
time range is not sufficient, gain adjustment is applied. It is possibility to predefine the range (min. / max.-values) of exposure
time and of gain.
The condition to use this function is to set a targeted averaged brightness of thecamera image. The algorithm computes a gain and exposure for each image toreach this target brightness in the next image (control loop). Enabling this functionality uses always both – gain and exposure time.

Limitations
As this feature is based on a control loop, the result is only useful in an averaged,
continuous stream of images. Strong variations in brightness from one image tonext image will result in a swing of the control loop. Therefore it is not recommended to use the auto-luminance function in such cases.

6.1.15hr120 operation modes
The camera is supporting free run and 2 triggerable operation modes (“precisemode” and “fast mode”) which do have effects on camera speed and trigger timing(jitter). Due to sensor architecture, the sensor (rolling shutter) is not supporting todeliver an image immediately after trigger signal.
The camera can be set up in the SVCapture GenIcam tree with
Trigger mode -> [Free | Fast | Precise]

6 Feature description

41

hr120 trigger modes
The HR120xCX utilizes a CANON rolling shutter sensor and can be operated in 3
different modes.
hr120 trigger mode

Max speed (fps)

Sync

JitterFree run

9.3

no

n/a

Precise mode triggered

4.6

yes

no

Fast mode triggered

9.3

yes

max 1/fps

Table: 6-2: hr120 trigger modes

Free run modeIn free run, the camera is running full speed and the driver is delivering any arriving
images to the software as soon the image is delivered. There is no sync to any
external signal in free run mode.

Fast mode triggered
In fast triggered mode the sensor is running in its speed, taking internally images.
Being triggered, the camera will finish current exposure operation and start a new
exposure. The image of this (next) new exposure will be delivered as fast mode
triggered image.

Fig.: 6-18: Fast mode triggered - example 1

6 Feature description

42

Fig.: 6-19: Fast mode triggered - example 2

Both examples above demonstrate that if the trigger signal arrives before exposure time, the camera will deliver a valid exposure OUT signal and the image of theframe cycle where the trigger signal was put.
If the trigger arrives while exposure has already started the image of the current
frame cycle is dropped. The trigger signal will initiate delivery of the following
frame cycle’s image.
As it is not possible to determine in advance the time difference between trigger
impulse and start of the new image a timing jitter is the result. Given that, maximum jitter is 1/fps.

Precise mode triggered
Precise mode triggering gives you exact knowledge about the start of exposure.
Precise mode trigger is requesting the camera to start with exposure, frame cycle
starts with trigger. As the sensor has to set up before exposing, the first image
cycle or frame is lost and the second image will be delivered. With a static frame
cycle, the exposure of the second frame starts with a fixed delay of 1 frame.
Maximum imaging speed will be about half of fast mode triggered. Benefit is theexact knowledge of exposure start time.

Fig.: 6-20: Precise mode triggered

6 Feature description

43

6.1.16

Bit depth
Values of brightness are internally represented by numbers. The
number of bits for brightness representation is limiting the numberof color values that can be represented. Bit depth defines the maximum unique colors or gray levels in an image.
No of gray values = 2bit depth
All SVCam models support 8-bit format. In most cases, the sensor
itself is limiting maximum bit depth. Refer to specifications
whether your model is supporting higher bit depth.

INFO

Depending on camera model, different bit depths are supported.

6.2

Camera features
The camera is embedded in its electronics and firmware feature.

6.2.1

Glass filter
The camera is equipped with a glass filter for sensor protection reasons (dust).
Optical length of the glass filter is included in the mount specifications.

6.2.2

Shading correction
The interactions between objects, illumination, and the camera lens might lead toa non-uniform flatfield in brightness. Shading describes the non-uniformity of

6 Feature description

44

brightness from one edge to the other or center towards edge(s).
Original and shading corrected image

This shading can be caused by non-uniform illumination, non-uniform camera
sensitivity, vignetting of the lens, or even dirt and dust on glass surfaces (lens).
Shading correction is a procedure to create a flatfield image out of a non-uniform
image regardless of the reasons of the non-uniformity. Before doing shading correction, make sure your lens is clean and in perfect condition. If the lens is notclean or the lighting not uniform, the algorithm tries to compensate these as well –resulting in a wrong shading table and visible artifacts, loss of details or local
noise in the final image.
In theory, there are several locations of shadinglll

In the host computer: significant loss of dynamic range
In the camera, digital: better (smoother) shading than on computer, still lossof dynamic range
In the camera, analog: set gain/offset locally direct on sensor to get optimum
shading correction with only small changes in dynamic range

It is important to have in mind that shading correction might reduce dynamic rangeof the images taken. By using different gains and offsets on the sensor local noise
might be less uniform. Structures in the reference image might lead to visible
shading artifacts.
In contrary to any shading correction being done after image recording, themethod described here will hardly affect the dynamic range of the image.
The task is done with shading maps. Shading maps are test files containing adescription for the camera how to balance shading control. Shading maps can becreated and uploaded to the camera with SVCapture. The shading map creation
process takes any image with any (!) illumination and creates a shading map outof it. This shading map afterwards will be uploaded into the camera.

6 Feature description

45

How it works
The tool will divide the image into squares of 16x16 pixel. Out of every 16x16 pixel
cluster a set of shading values consisting of specific gain and offset per cluster iscalculated. The resulting map can be uploaded into the camera and will compensate for any shading, lens-based or based on illumination.
Control shading via enabling/disable shading control. Up to 3 different shading
maps can be uploaded and connected with a user preset. Like this by switching
the user set you can use 3 different shadings (use this for example if the illumination in 3 colors is not the same) in sequential shots.
NOTICE

Shading correction is possible with certain models only. See camera
specs whether your model does support this. In case your camera is notsupporting, the assistant will not be selectable.
First, shading reference images have to be taken with shading correction disabled(use 16 images minimum). Save it on disk. Use std .bmp files here, if possible
with more than 8 bit.
1. Run shading assistant->Generate Map

Fig.: 6-21: Shading control disabled

6 Feature description

46

2. With SVCapture load these reference images.

3. See shading in the preview
4. Generate the shading map
5. Save map to disk. This file can be used in programmed environments via
SDK as well.
6. Upload it to the camera and see the result. If lighting did not change fromstart of procedure, you should see a uniform image with enabled shading control.

6 Feature description

47

7. Run camera with same lighting to see corrected image.

6.2.3

Defect pixel correction
All image sensor have defect pixels in a lesser or greater extent. Type and number of defects determine the quality grade (quality classification) of the sensor.
Defect Pixel Correction is using information from neighboring pixels to compensate for defect pixels or defect pixel clusters (cluster may have up to five
defect pixels).
Defect Pixels either be dark pixels, i.e. that don’t collect any light, or bright pixels(hot pixel) that always are outputting a bright signal.
The amount of hot pixels is proportional to exposure time and temperature of thesensor.
By default, all known defect pixels or clusters are corrected by SVS-VISTEK as afactory default.
Under challenging conditions or high temperature environments defect pixel behaviour might change. This can be corrected.
l

l

l
l

A factory created defect map (SVS map), defying known defects, is stored in
the camera.
A custom defect map can be created by the user. A simple *.txt file withcoordinates must be created. The user must locate the pixel defects manually.
The *.txt file can be uploaded into the camera. Beware of possible Offset!
Defect maps can be switched off to show all default defects, and switchedback on to improve image quality.

Unlike shading correction, defect pixel correction suppresses single pixels orclusters and reconstructs the expected value by interpolating neighboring pixel
values. The standard interpolation algorithm uses the pixel to the left or to the rightof the defect. This simple algorithm prevents high runtime losses.
More sophisticated algorithms can be used by software.

6 Feature description

48

Fig.: 6-22: Illustration of a defect pixel

Procedure of pixel correction
SVCapture is the tool to generate pixel correction maps. The pixel correction
assistant provides everything to create, load, enable and restore defect pixel creation maps.
Defect pixel correction is possible with certain models only. See camera specs
whether your model does support this. In case your camera is not supporting, theassistant will not be selectable.

6 Feature description49l

For easy image processing, it is recommended to have pixel correction activatedl

Pixel correction maps can be saved and loadedl

The std factory map can be selected any timelGenerate your own custom maplSelect your own defect pixel map

The procedure to create a std map is pretty straight forward. Befrore starting generating the map, in the GenICam tree do following:l

Set gain to 0 dBlDisable autogainlSet offset to 0l

Record a set of dark images (put lens cap on)

Defect pixel map generation
SVCapture defect pixel assistant requires a set of images being loaded

6 Feature description50

1. Load black images (16 images minimum) into generator
2. Generate map
3. Save map to file for later usage
4. Upload the map to the camera.
Make sure pixel correction is activated.

Procedure of pixel correction
SVCapture is the tool to generate pixel correction maps. The pixel correction
assistant provides everything to create, load, enable and restore defect pixel creation maps.
Defect pixel correction is possible with certain models only. See camera specs
whether your model does support this. In case your camera is not supporting, theassistant will not be selectable.

6 Feature description

51

l

For easy image processing, it is recommended to have pixel correction activatedl

Pixel correction maps can be saved and loadedl

The std factory map can be selected any timelGenerate your own custom maplSelect your own defect pixel map

The procedure to create a std map is pretty straight forward. Befrore starting generating the map, in the GenICam tree do following:

6 Feature descriptionl

Set gain to 0 dBlDisable autogainlSet offset to 0l

Record a set of dark images (put lens cap on)

52

6.2.4Look-up table
The look-up table feature (LUT) lets the user define certain values
to every bit value that comes from the ADC. To visualize a LUT a
curve diagram can be used, similar to the diagrams used in photo
editing software.
The shown custom curve indicates a contrast increase by applying an S-shaped curve. The maximum resolution is shifted to the
mid-range. Contrasts in this illumination range is increased while
black values will be interpreted more black and more of the bright
pixels will be displayed as 100 % white.

INFO

For further Information about curves and their impact on the image refer to ourhomepage: Knowledge Base – LUT.

Fig.: 6-23: Custom LUT adding contrast to the mid-tones

INFO

LUT implementation reduces bit depth from 12 bit to 8 bit on the output.

Gamma correction
Using the look-up table makes is also possible to implement a logarithmic correction. This is commonly called “gamma correction”.

6 Feature description

53

Historically gamma correction was used to correct the illumination behavior of
CRT displays, by compensating brightness-to-voltage with a gamma value
between 1,8 up to 2,55.
The gamma algorithms for correction can simplify resolution shifting as shown
seen below.
lInput & output signal range from 0 to 1l

Output-signal = Input-signalGamma

Fig.: 6-24: Several gamma curves comparable to a LUT

INFO

6 Feature descriptionlGamma values less than 1.0 map darker image values into a wider ranger.

lGamma values greater than 1.0 do the same for brighter values.

Gamma algorithm is just a way to generate a LUT. It is not implemented in thecamera directly.

54

6.2.5

ROI / AOI
In partial scan mode or Area-Of-Interest (AOI) mode (or Region-Of-Interest (ROI)mode) only a certain region of the sensor will be read.

Fig.: 6-25: AOI on area sensor

Selecting an AOI will reduce the number of horizontal lines being read. This will
reduce the amount of data to be transferred, thus increasing the maximum speed
in terms of frames per second.
With CCD sensors, setting an AOI on the left or right side does not affect theframe rate, as lines must be read out completely.
With CMOS Sensors, AOI is sensor dependent. Some CMOS sensors require
the camera to read full horizontal sensor lines internally. Reducing horizontal sizewith AOI might result in limited frame rate gain.

6 Feature description

55

6.2.6

Basic capture modes
The camera has 2 basic operation modes.
Free run (timed) run: The camera will expose anddeliver images on a fixed schedule.

lTriggered: The camera will wait for an externalsignal and start exposure after receiving theexternal trigger signal.

lFree running
Free running (fixed frequency) with programmable exposure time. Frames arereadout continuously and valid data is indicated by LVAL for each line and FVAL
for the entire frame.
There is no need to trigger the camera in order to get data. Exposure time is programmable via serial interface and calculated by the internal logic of the camera.

Fig.: 6-26: Basic capture modes - free running

The fundamental signals are:lLine Valid: LVAL, Frame Valid: FVAL,l

And in case of triggered modes: trigger input.

Triggered mode (pulse width)
External trigger and pulse-width controlled exposure time. In this mode the camera is waiting for an external trigger, which starts integration and readout. Exposure time can be varied using the length of the trigger pulse (rising edge starts
integration time, falling edge terminates the integration time and starts frame readout). This mode is useful in applications where the light level of the scenechanges during operation. Change of exposure time is possible from one frame to
the next.

Fig.: 6-27: Basic capture modes - triggered mode (pulse width with overlap)

6 Feature description

56

Exposure time of the next image can overlap with the frame readout of the current
image (rising edge of trigger pulse occurs when FVAL is high). When this happens: the start of exposure time is synchronized to the falling edge of the LVAL
signal.

Fig.: 6-28: Basic capture modes - triggered mode (pulse width without overlap)

When the rising edge of trigger signal occurs after frame readout has ended(FVAL is low) the start of exposure time is not synchronized to LVAL and exposure time starts after a short and persistent delay.
The falling edge of the trigger signal must always occur after readout of the previous frame has ended (FVAL is low).

Software trigger
Trigger can also be initiated by software or serial interface.

INFO

6 Feature description

Software trigger can be influenced by jitter. Avoid software trigger when using
time sensitive applications.

57

6.2.7

Trigger modes
To start capturing images, the camera has to receive a trigger signal. This trigger
signal can be a software trigger, it might be an electric signal on the hardware I/Oor it can be a timed trigger (sequence of images, Precision Time Protocol).

Software trigger
The camera exposure can be started via software. With some interface types like
GigE and USB3 it is impossible to have a 100% precise software trigger.
CoaXPress and Camera Link permit relatively precise triggering of the camera. If
you need to have a precise trigger, usage of "External hardware trigger" on
page 88 is recommended.

External hardware trigger
External trigger with programmable exposure time. In this mode the camera is
waiting for an external trigger pulse that starts integration, whereas exposure timeis programmable via the serial interface and calculated by the internal microcontroller of the camera. Default input is Input1 for trigger.
At the rising edge of the trigger the camera will initiate the exposure.
The software provided by SVS-Vistek allows the user to set exposure time e.g.
from 60 μs to 60 sec (camera type dependent).
Exposure time of the next image can overlap with the frame readout of the current
image (trigger pulse occurs when FVAL is high). When this happens, the start of
exposure time is synchronized to the negative edge of the LVAL signal (see figure)

When the rising edge of trigger signal occurs after frame readout has ended(FVAL is low), the start of exposure time is not synchronized to LVAL and exposure time starts after a short and persistant delay.

6 Feature description

58

Exposure time can be changed during operation. No frame is distorted duringswitching time. If the configuration is saved to the EEPROM, the set exposure
time will remain also when power is removed.

Details of external trigger mode
Diagrams below are equivalent for CCD and CMOS technique.

6 Feature description

596.2.8Read-out control
Read-out control defines a delay between exposure and data transfer. Read-out
control is used to program a delay value (time) for the readout from the sensor.
With more than one camera connected to a single computer, image acquisition
and rendering can cause conflicts for data transfer, on CPU or bus system.

Fig.: 6-29: Illustration of physical data stream in time

6.2.9

Temperature sensor
A temperature sensor is installed on the main board of the camera. To avoid overheating, the temperature is constantly monitored and read. Besides software monitoring, the camera indicates high temperature by a red flashing LED (see flashing
LED codes).

6.2.10

System clock frequency
Default system clock frequency in almost every SVCam is set to 66.6 MHz. To
validate your system frequency refer to: specifications.
Using the system clock as reference of time, time settings can only be made insteps. In this example, the transfer rate is 66.7 MHz, thus resulting in steps of
15 ns.

INFO

6 Feature description

Use multiples of 15 ns to write durations into camera memory.

60

6.2.11

Predefined configurations (user sets)
The camera starts with default values for all features when turned on. Settings
made during operation will expire when the camera is turned off.
All preset adjustments are located in the GenICam tree in the “User Set Control”
property. It is possible to save up to 8 user sets. Each of these setups consists ofa complete configuration set including exposure time, delays, I/O configuration forthe camera. These user sets can be loaded at runtime. In addition, you can specify which setup is loaded as default when the camera is switched on.

Load a user set
With UserSetSelector a user set can be selected. Select the desired user set andpress UserSetLoad (command) twice to load the user set. The following example
loads user set 2.

Save user sets
Select the user set to be saved in the UserSetSelector and save it with the UserSetSave command.

Set a user set as default
Use User Set Default to select the user set that is to be loaded when the camera
is started. Save this setting with UserSetSave (In the example below, user set 5
is saved as default).

Reset to factory default
User sets can be reset to factory settings. This is a two-step process. First, thefactory settings must be loaded:

6 Feature description61

Afterwards this factory default user set must be saved again as user set (in theexample below, user set 2 is overwritten with the factory settings).

6.2.12

Pixel clock frequency selection
Besides the factory frequency setting other values can be available for CCD
sensors. Charges will be transported faster, more frames per second will be generated. The default value is as recommended in sensor specifications (see "Specifications").

NOTICE

6 Feature description

Higher Frequencies can result in a loss of quality.

62

6.3

I/O Features
The SVCam cameras are equipped with several inputs and outputs, providing
state-of-the-art control regarding input and output channels. All I/O functions are
realized as modules. These functions can be connected in the GenICam tree.

6.3.1

GenICamprovides a generic programming interface to control all kinds ofcameras and devices. Regardless of the interface technology (GigE Vision,
USB3 Vision, CoaXPress, Camera Link, etc.) or implemented feature, the application programming interface (API) will always be the same. The SNFC makes
sure the feature names are similar throughout the manufacturers, making it moreeasy to switch camera models.
The GenICamTM standard consists of multiple modules according to the maintasks to be solved:ll

GenApi: configuring the camera
SNFC: Standard Feature Naming Convention, a catalog of standardized
names and types for common device featuresl

GenTL: transport layer interface, grabbing imagesl

GenCP: generic GenICam control protocoll

GenTL SFNC: recommended names and types for transport layer interface.

The GenICam properties are organized as a tree. Manufacturers can add more features.
With your SVCam, the GenICam tree does have some hardware related extensions, especially in the I/O sector. See the Quick guide install for a short introduction into the SVS-Vistek GenICam tree.
The GenICam properties are organized in views. The recommended way to view
and adjust is by using SVCapture. If you want to have a full view of all adjustable
GenICam items, activate the Guru mode. Beginner mode will show only mostcommon attributes.

NOTICE

6 Feature description

All modfications in the GenICam tree will have immediate effect.

636.3.2

Assigning I/O Lines – IOMUXThe IOMUX is best described as a switch matrix. It connects inputs, and outputs
with the various functions of SVCam I/O. It also allows combining inputs with
Boolean arguments.

Fig.: 6-30: "IN0" connected to "debouncer"

Now the debounced signal can be taken from Debouncer (line 8) in the next module as source.

6 Feature description

LineSelector

Translation

Line0

Output0

Line1

Output1

Line2

Output2

Line3

Output3

Line3

Output4

Line5

Uart In

Line6

Trigger

Line7

Sequencer

Line8

Debouncer

Line9

PrescalerLine10

Input0

Line11

Input1

Line12

Input2

Line13

Input3

Line14

Input4

Line15

LogicA

Line16

LogicB

Line17

LensTXD

Line18

Pulse0

Line19Pulse164

LineSelector

Translation

Line20

Pulse2

Line21

Pulse3

Line22

Uart2 In

The input and output lines for Strobe and Trigger impulses can be arbitrarily
assigned to actual data lines. Individual assignments can be stored persistently
to the EPROM. Default setting can be restored from within the Camera.

INFO

6 Feature description

Refer to pin-out in input / output connectors when physically wiring.

65

Input vector to switch matrix*

6 Feature description

No.

Name

Description0

io_in(0)trigger input 0 – 24 Volt / RS-232 / opto *1

io_in(1)trigger input 0 – 24 Volt / RS-232 / opto *2

io_in(2)trigger input 0 – 24 Volt / RS-232 / opto *3

io_in(3)trigger input 0 – 24 Volt / RS-232 / opto *4

io_rxd input

5

txd_from_uart1

input

6

strobe(0)output from module iomux_pulseloop_0

7strobe(1)output from module iomux_pulseloop_1

8

rr_pwm_out_a

output from module iomux_sequenzer_09

rr_pwm_out_b

output from module iomux_sequenzer_0

10expose input

11

readout input

12

r_sequenzer_pulse_a

output from module iomux_sequenzer_0(pulse)13

rr_pwm_out_c

output from module iomux_sequenzer_014

rr_pwm_out_d

output from module iomux_sequenzer_0

15

r_sequenzer_active

output from module iomux_sequenzer_0

16

r_debouncer

output from module iomux_dfilter_0

17r_prescaler

output from module iomux_prescaler_0

18

r_sequenzer_pulse_b

output from module iomux_sequenzer_0 (pwmmask)

19

r_logic

output from module iomux_logic_0

20

strobe(2)output from module iomux_pulseloop_2

21

strobe(3)output from module iomux_pulseloop_3

22

mft_rxd input

23

trigger_feedback

input

24

txd_from_uart2

input

refer to pinout or specifications

66

Output vector from switch matrix

INFO

6 Feature description

No.

Name / register

Description0

io_out(0)output open drain1

io_out(1)output open drain2

io_out(2)output open drain *3

io_out(3)output open drain *4

io_txdoutput, when debug='0'

5

rxd_to_uart1

output (uart_in)6

trigger

output7

sequenzer_hw_trigger

input to module iomux_sequenzer_0

8debounce input

input to module iomux_dfilter_0

9prescale input

input to module iomux_prescaler_0

10logic inputa

input to module iomux_logic_0

11logic inputb

input to module iomux_logic_0

12

mft_txd

output13

pulseloop hw_trigger

input to module iomux_pulseloop_0

14pulseloop hw_trigger

input to module iomux_pulseloop_1

15pulseloop hw_trigger

input to module iomux_pulseloop_2

16pulseloop hw_trigger

input to module iomux_pulseloop_3

17

rxd_to_uart2

output (uart2_in)

For physical number of open drain outputs refer to pinout or specifications.

67

Example of an IOMUX configuration

Fig.: 6-31: Example of an IOMUX configuration
l
l

l

l

l

l

l

6 Feature description

The trigger signal comes in on line 0
Debounce it.
connect line 0 to 8:
1000000000000000000000000
signal appears again on line 15 – debouncer out
Use the prescaler to act only on every second pulse.
connect line 16 to 9.
0000000000000000100000000
signal appears again on line 17 – debouncer out
Configure a strobe illumination with pulseloop module 0
connect line 17 to 13
signal from pulse loop module 0 appears on line 6
connect line 6 to 0 (output 0)
Set an exposure signal with pulseloop module 1.
connect line 17 to 6
Tell another component that the camera is exposing the sensor.
connect line 17 to 14
signal from pulse loop module 1 appears on line 7
connect line 7 to 1 (output 1)
Turn of a light that was ON during the time between two pictures.
connect line 17 to 15
invert signal from pulse loop module 2
it appears on line 20
connect line 20 to 2 (output 2)

68

Inverter
The inverter enabled at a certain line provides the reverse signal to orfrom a module.
Set to “1”With set to “1” enabled in a certain line, this line will provide a high signal no matter what signal was connected to the line before.
Set to “1” – inverse

The inverse of a set to “1” line will occur as a low signal, regardless of the actual
signal that enters the inverter module.

Easy overview with the I/O assistant
The easiest approach for an overview of current I/O connections is to use the I/O
assistant of SVCapture. Every function or module has a source.

I/O assistant of SVCapture with activated debouncer and logic input
With the example above

NOTICE

6 Feature descriptionlInput 1 will be debounced at firstlThen input 1 is combined via logic module with the logic value of input 2l

The logic result signal finally is the input for trigger.

This assistant view is showing the module connection only. The propertiesof each module are visible in std GenICam view only (e.g. what kind oflogic operation)

69

6.3.3PWM
During Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), a duty cycle is modulated by a fixed frequency square wave. This describes the ratio of ON to OFF as duty factor or duty
ratio.

Why PWM?
Pulse width modulation is an extremely efficient way (in terms of power dissipation) to provide/regulate electrical power to consumers as long as they do notneed uninterrupted supply (such as diodes or LEDs). The interruption times might
be as short as nano seconds.

LED characteristics
Since LEDs have a bounded workspace, the PWM ensures a variable intensity ofillumination at a constant current on the diodes. The constant current guarantees
a linear light emission response curve of the LED from 0-100% PWM intensity.
Running LED lighting in flash mode will increase LED lifetime because of reduced
LED heat dissipation.

Implementation of PWM
The basic frequency of the modulation is defined by the cycle duration "T".

Duty cyle "T" is written into the registry by multiple of the inverse of camera frequency in 15 ns steps (refer to "System clock frequency" on page 60).

The intensity of a PWM
The duty ratio is calculated as: Δ% = t / T. It is written above the value of "t" as
PWMChange0-3[SeqSelector] per sequence into the registry.
PWMChange0-3[SeqSelector] unit is percentage value.

6 Feature description

70Fig.: 6-32: PWM intensity

Examples of PWMs
The integrals over both periods

andare equal.

An equal amount of Photons will be emitted. The intensity of light is the same.

The periods

6 Feature description

andare equal in length.

71

Fig.: 6-33: Example: 25% PWM load

Fig.: 6-34: Example: 50% PWM load

6 Feature description

72

Fig.: 6-35: Example: 75% PWM load

The PWM module

Fig.: 6-36: The PWM module

6 Feature description

736.3.4LED strobe control
The SVCam 4I/O concept contains an integrated strobe controller. Its controls areintegrated into the GenICam tree. With LED lights attached to the outputs, thisenables the user to control the light without external devices. Being controlled via
GenICam, any GenICam-compliant 3rd party software is able to control the light
as well. Maximum ON-time is 100ms. Depending on the camera model, up to 4(see specifications) independent channels are supported with a max current of
3A@40ms 1A@40ms. Maximum continuous current is 0.3 A. Despite internal protections, higher current peaks might be able to damage the camera.

Fig.: 6-37: Attach LED lights to camera outputs

NOTICETo avoid destruction of your LED light or camera, make sure to use theright dimension of shunt resistor. If not done so, LEDs and/or Camera
might be damaged.

Calculate LED shunt resistors
Shunt resistors are used to limit the LED current. Make sure, neither shunt nor
LED run above specs.

LEDs in continuous mode
Voltage drop al 5 LEDs, 2,2V per LED (see spec. of
LED)

11 V

Max. continuous current (see spec. of LED)

250 mA

Voltage supply

24 V

Voltage drop at resistor (24 V – 11 V)

13 V

Pull up Resistor R =52 Ω

Table: 6-3: LEDs in continuous mode

6 Feature description74

Total power (6W)

Power at LEDs (Power loss at resistor (2,75 W))

3,25 W

Table: 6-4: Example Calculation “No Flash” (CW Mode)

LEDs in flash mode
Most LED lights can cope with currents higher than specs. This gives you higher
light output when light is ON. Refer to your LED specs if LED overdrive is permitted.
By controlling the duty cycle the intensity of light and current can be controlled.
See sequencer example how to adjust the values in the GenICam tree for strobe
control.

INFO

The shorter the „time on“ – the higher current can be used when driving LEDs
with current higher than spec
As a rule of thumb, make sure your PWM lighting frequency is at least double or
triple the bit-depth of your image (e.g. 8 bit image = 256, this means your PWM
has to be switched at least 256*2=512 times) while exposing. If exposure time is
5 ms, the required minimum PWM freq = 5 ms / 512 ~ 10 µs ~ 100 kHz.

Strobe vocabulary
For an example how to enable and adjust the integrated strobe controller refer tosequencer (see "Sequencer" on the facing page). Times and frequencies are set
in tics. 1 tic = 15 ns.

Exposure delay
A tic value, representing the time between the (logical) positive edge of trigger
pulse and start of integration time.

Strobe polarity
Positive or negative polarity of the hardware strobe output can be selected.

Strobe duration
The exposure time of LED lights can be set in tics. The min duration is 1 µs. The
longest time is 1 second.

Strobe delay
The delay between the (logical) positive edge of trigger pulse and strobe pulse output.

6 Feature description

75

6.3.5

Sequencer
The sequencer is used when different exposure settings and illuminations areneeded in a row.
Values to set

Description

Sequencer interval Duration of the interval
Exposure start

Exposure delay after interval start

Exposure stop

Exposure stop related to interval Start

Strobe start

Strobe delay after interval start

Strobe stop

Strobe stop related to interval Start

PWM frequency

Basic duty cycle ( 1 / Hz ) for PWM

PWM change

Demodulation results

In the current GenICam implementation, all values have to be entered in tic values.
1 tic = 15 ns
Every adjustment (times, frequencies) has to be recalculated into tics and done intics. See the example below.
When setting “Exposure Start” and “Stop” consider ‘read-out-time’ of the sensor. It
has to be within the Sequencer interval.
For physical input and output connections refer to pin-out or specifications or see
example below. After trigger signal all programmed intervals will start. Up to 16
intervals can be programmed.
Sequencer settings can be saved to camera EEPROM.

ExampleFor demonstration, imagine following task to be done:
Scenario

An object should be inspected with a monochrome camera. For accentuating different aspects of the image, 4 images should be taken in a row with 4 different colours of light: Red, Green, Blue, White. White light should be generated from the
RGB lights being activated at the same time. Basis is a dark environment without
other light sources.
Camera wiringll

6 Feature description

3 LED lights are physically connected to the camera on out 0-2 (red, green,blue)
Out 3 is not used76

I/O matrixll

4 images to be taken (RGBW) result in 4 sequences
RGB PWM change with different intensities (duty cycle) taking care for differences in spectral response of the camera sensorl

PWM change 0-2 is connected to out 0-2l

Seq pulse A is driving the exposure (trigger)l

Seq pulse B is driving the strobel

Seq pulse B in WHITE sequence is reduced down to 33% as light intensitiesof 3 lights (RGB) will add up

Notes
l

l

l

l

Different exposure / strobe timings are used for illustration. In most cases
they will show values same as exposure
The resulting exposure time shows the period of sensor light exposure.
("masking" of exposure time by creating strobe light impulses shorter than
exposure time). This value is not adjustable at the camera
PWM change is shown with reduced height for demonstrating reduced intensity. In reality though, PWM change will be full height (full voltage, shunt resistor might be necessary) with the adjusted duty cycle
Use a PWM frequency high enough not to interfere with your timings (here:
1000 Hz)Scenario values

Interval 0(RED)

Interval 1(GREEN)Interval 2(BLUE)

Interval 3(WHITE)

Sequencer Interval

1000 ms

1000 ms

1000 ms

1000 ms

Seq pulse A start

0 ms

0 ms

100 ms0 ms

Seq pulse A stop

100 ms

300 ms

300 ms

100 msSeq pulse B start

0 ms

100 ms200 ms0 ms

Seq pulse B stop

100 ms200 ms

300 ms

33 ms

PWM Frequency f1000 Hz

1000 Hz

1000 Hz

1000 HzPWM change 0 (RED)

100%

0%

0%

100%

PWM change 1(GREEN)

0%

70%

0%

70%

PWM change 2 (BLUE)

0%

0%

80%

80%

PWM change 3

-

-

-

-

As stated before, all these values have to be entered into the camera’s GenICam
tree as tic values.
The timing values translate like this into tics:

6 Feature description

77Values to set in GenICam prop- Interval 0
erties(RED)

Interval 1(GREEN)Interval 2(BLUE)

Interval 3(WHITE)

Sequencer Interval

66666667 tic(1000 ms)

66666667 tic(1000 ms)

66666667 tic(1000 ms)

66666667 tic(1000 ms)

0 tic
(0 ms)

0 tic(0 ms)

6666667 tic(100 ms)

0 tic(0 ms)

6666667 tic(100 ms)

20000000 tic(300 ms)

20000000 tic(300 ms)

6666667 tic(100 ms)

0 tic(0 ms)

6666667 tic(100 ms)

13333333 tic(200 ms)

0 tic(0 ms)

Seq pulse B stop

6666667 tic(100 ms)

13333333 tic(200 ms)

20000000 tic(300 ms)

2200000 tic(33 ms)

Effective exposure time

100 ms

100 ms

100 ms

33 ms

PWM Frequency f

66667 tic
(1000 Hz)

66667 tic
(1000 Hz)

66667 tic
(1000 Hz)

66667 tic
(1000 Hz)PWM change 0 (RED)66667 tic
(100% of 1000
Hz)

0 tic

0 tic

66667 tic
(100% of 1000
Hz)

PWM change 1 (GREEN)

0 tic

46667 tic
0 tic
(70% of 1000 Hz)

PWM change 2 (BLUE)

0 tic

0 tic

53333 tic
(80% of 1000
Hz)53333 tic
(80% of 1000
Hz)

PWM change 3

-

-

-

-

Seq pulse A start
Seq pulse A stop

Seq pulse B start

46667 tic
(70% of 1000
Hz)

In a timings diagram, the sequence values above will look like the following diagram.

Fig.: 6-38: Sequencer timing diagram

6 Feature description

78Sequencer setup with SVCapture
Starting with SVCapture 2.5.2, there is a sequencer assistant, providing easy
setup of the sequencer settings. The assistant will help you to setup timings forstart exposure and lighting and so on. The PWMs are connected to the physicaloutputs (e.g. for driving LED lights)..
For making the sequencer work in general, have a look into the GenICam tree oreven more simple into the I/O assistant. Connect the I/O lines as below.

You may start the sequence with a hardware trigger input signal (sequencer isconnected to Input 1). As an alternative you might use a software trigger. For software trigger setup, adjust as below:

6 Feature description

79

Feature nameFeature value

Acquisition Control Acquisition Mode

Continuous

Acquisition Control –Trigger Selector - Trig- On
ger Mode
Acquisition Control – Line 1
Trigger Selector - Trigger Source
Acquisition Control –Trigger Selector –Exposure Mode
Enhanced IO –PWMEnable

Trigger WidthOn

Enhanced IO – SeqEnOn
able
The Exposure mode „trigger width“ makes exposure start at a certain timing (Seqpulse A) and stop at Seq pulse B. In the GenICam tree this will reflect as following:

6 Feature description

80

6.3.6

Optical input
In many trigger signals you find noise, transients and voltage spikes. These areable to damage components in the camera and trigger signal interpretation might
be difficult.
An optical input separates the electrical trigger and camera circuits. The benefit ofsuch an optical input is to avoid all these kinds of interaction from power sourcesor switches. The disadvantage of an optical input is that it is slower in terms of signal transmission and slew rate than a direct electrical connection.
If you need super fast response from the camera, direct electrical access is yourchoice. If your camera trigger is in the ms range or slower, we recommend to use
the optical input.
An optical input needs some current for operation. The SVS-Vistek optical input isspecified to 5-24 V, 8 mA.

Fig.: 6-39: Optical input

The optocoupler galvanically separates electrical circuits by emitting light on one
side and interpreting light in the other. There is no direct electric interaction
between both electrical circuits.

6.3.7

PLC / Logical operation on inputs
The logic input combines trigger signals with Boolean algorithms. The camera
provides AND, NAND, OR, NOR, XOR, XNOR as below. You might combine
combine true/false states of the inputs to determine camera actions. The result
can be connected to a camera trigger signal or it may be source for the next
logical operation with another input. It is possible to connect it to an OUT line aswell.

6 Feature description81

Do it in the GenICam tree

The logic function always combines the values of Digital IO InputA/LogicA and
InputB/LogicB. In case of the Trigger enable logic function, LogicB is the trigger
enable signal and will be combined with LogicA value.
AND

NAND

OR

NOR

XOR

XNOR

ABY

ABY

ABY

ABY

ABY

ABY

|0|0|0||0|0|1||0|0|0||0|0|1||0|0|0||0|0|1||0|1|0||0|1|1||0|1|1||0|1|0||0|1|1||0|1|0||1|0|0||1|0|1||1|0|1||1|0|0||1|0|1||1|0|0||1|1|1||1|1|0||1|1|1||1|1|0||1|1|0||1|1|1|

Table: 6-5: Truth table of logic function

NOTICE

6 Feature description

Expert view of the GenICam tree has to be activated to see logic functions.

82

6.3.8

Serial data interfaces(ANSI EIA/) TIA-232-F
RS-232 and RS-422 (from EIA, read as Radio Sector or commonly as Recommended Standard) are technical standards to specify electrical characteristics ofdigital signaling circuits. Serial connection might be used to control SVCams.
These signals are used to send low-power data signals to control exposure, lightor lenses (MFT). Usage scenario is a control possibility without network. Be
aware of low connection speed.
Serial interface parameter

RS-232

RS-422

Maximum open-circuit voltage

±25 V

±6 V

Max differential voltage

25 V

10 V

Min. signal range

±3 V

2V

Max. signal range

±15V

10 V

Table: 6-6: Serial interface parameters – RS-232 and RS-422

INFO

See your camera data sheet regarding its serial capabilities.
Data transport is always asynchronous. Synchronization is implemented by fist
and last bit of a package. Data rate (bits per second) must be defined before transmission.

RS232
RS232 is split into 2 lines receiving and transferring data.
l

RXD: receive datal

TXD: transmit data

Signal voltage values are:

INFO

l

Low: -3 … -15 Vl

High: +3 … +15 V

For restrictions, refer to table of serial interface parameter above.
Packaging data into containers (adding start and stop bits) is implemented by the
UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter).

Fig.: 6-40: UART encoding of a data stream

6 Feature description

836.3.9Trigger-edge sensitivity
Trigger-edge sensitivity is implemented by a “Schmitt trigger”. Instead of triggering to a certain value, the Schmitt trigger provides a threshold.

Fig.: 6-41: Schmitt trigger noise suppression

6 Feature description

846.3.10

Debouncing trigger signals
Bounces or glitches caused by a switch can be avoided by software within the
SVCam.

Fig.: 6-42: Bounces or glitches caused by a switch

Therefore the signal will not be accepted until it lasts at least a certain time.
> Use the IO Assignment tool to place and enable the debouncer module inbetween the “trigger” (Schmitt trigger) and the input source (e.g.: line 1).
The “DebouncDuration” register can be set in multiples of 15 ns (implement of system clock), e.g. 66 666 ≈ 1 ms

Fig.: 6-43: Debouncer between the trigger source and trigger

6 Feature description

85Input 1 debounce time here is about 1ms.

The debouncer module

Fig.: 6-44: The debouncer module

6 Feature description

866.3.11

Prescale
The Prescale function can be used for masking off input pulses by applying adivisor with a 4-bit word, resulting in 16 unique settings.
lReducing count of interpreted trigger signall

Use the prescale function to ignore a certain count of trigger signals.

l

Divide the amount of trigger signals by setting a divisor.

lMaximum value for prescale divisor: is 16 (4 bit)Fig.: 6-45: Prescale values and their result on trigger signal

The prescale module

Fig.: 6-46: The prescale module

6 Feature description

876.3.12Trigger modes
To start capturing images, the camera has to receive a trigger signal. This trigger
signal can be a software trigger, it might be an electric signal on the hardware I/Oor it can be a timed trigger (sequence of images, Precision Time Protocol).

Software trigger
The camera exposure can be started via software. With some interface types like
GigE and USB3 it is impossible to have a 100% precise software trigger.
CoaXPress and Camera Link permit relatively precise triggering of the camera. If
you need to have a precise trigger, usage of "External hardware trigger" below isrecommended.

External hardware trigger
External trigger with programmable exposure time. In this mode the camera is
waiting for an external trigger pulse that starts integration, whereas exposure timeis programmable via the serial interface and calculated by the internal microcontroller of the camera. Default input is Input1 for trigger.
At the rising edge of the trigger the camera will initiate the exposure.
The software provided by SVS-Vistek allows the user to set exposure time e.g.
from 60 μs to 60 sec (camera type dependent).
Exposure time of the next image can overlap with the frame readout of the current
image (trigger pulse occurs when FVAL is high). When this happens, the start of
exposure time is synchronized to the negative edge of the LVAL signal (see figure)

When the rising edge of trigger signal occurs after frame readout has ended(FVAL is low), the start of exposure time is not synchronized to LVAL and exposure time starts after a short and persistant delay.

6 Feature description

88Exposure time can be changed during operation. No frame is distorted duringswitching time. If the configuration is saved to the EEPROM, the set exposure
time will remain also when power is removed.

Details of external trigger mode
Diagrams below are equivalent for CCD and CMOS technique.

6 Feature description89

6 Feature description

90

7

Dimensions

INFO

All length units in mm.
Find the technical drawings in the web download area athttps://www.svs-vistek.com/en/support/svs-support-download-center.php
CAD step files available with valid login at SVS-VISTEK.com

7.1

M58 mountlDiameter 58 mml

Thread pitch 0.75 mml

Back focus distance from sensor to flange of the camera: 11.48 mmlDistance from sensor surface to lens differs depending on lens specifications
and how far the lens is screwed in.

Fig.: 7-1: M58 mount

7 Dimensions

91

7.2

hr25CX

Fig.: 7-2: hr25*CX front view

Fig.: 7-3: hr25*CX back view

7 Dimensions

92

Fig.: 7-4: hr25*CX right view

Fig.: 7-5: hr25*CX top view

7 Dimensions

93Fig.: 7-6: hr25*CX bottom view

Fig.: 7-7: hr25*CX cross section

7.3

hr342CX

Fig.: 7-8: hr342*CX front view

7 Dimensions

94Fig.: 7-9: hr342*CX back view

Fig.: 7-10: hr342*CX right view

7 Dimensions

95Fig.: 7-11: hr342*CX top view

Fig.: 7-12: hr342*CX bottom view

7 Dimensions

96Fig.: 7-13: hr342*CX cross section

7.4

hr51CX

Fig.: 7-14: hr51CX front view

7 Dimensions

97Fig.: 7-15: hr51CX back view

Fig.: 7-16: hr51CX right view

7 Dimensions

98Fig.: 7-17: hr51CX top view

Fig.: 7-18: hr51CX bottom view

7 Dimensions

99Fig.: 7-19: hr51CX cross section

7.5

hr455CX

Fig.: 7-20: hr455CX front view

7 Dimensions

100Fig.: 7-21: hr455CX back view

Fig.: 7-22: hr455CX right view

7 Dimensions

101Fig.: 7-23: hr455CX top view

Fig.: 7-24: hr455CX bottom view

7 Dimensions

102

Fig.: 7-25: hr455CX cross section

7.6

hr120CXThe HR120 can be ordered with different mount options. The most generalapproach is using the M58 mount. Additional mounts (Birger mount, Moritex
mount) are available on request.

Fig.: 7-26: hr120*CX front view

7 Dimensions

103

Fig.: 7-27: hr120*CX back view

Fig.: 7-28: hr120*CX right view

Fig.: 7-29: hr120*CX top view

7 Dimensions

104Fig.: 7-30: hr120*CX bottom view

Fig.: 7-31: hr120*CX cross section

7 Dimensions

105

8

Appendix

8.1

I/O driver circuit schematics
Camera power supply and power supply for PWM out is 25V max. Power for
PWM out has to be supplied via Hirose connector. The open drain outputs areledged to ground, that means you connect your LED on the positive side to your(light-)power source, the negative LED connector goes to the camera out. This
setup requires common ground.

Fig.: 8-1: I/O driver circuit schematics

8 Appendix

106

8.2

8 Appendix

IP protection classes

107

IP Protection Classes is a classification system regarding the kindof environment influences which might do harm to your product.

8 Appendix

108

FirstDigit

SecondDigit

Brief description

Definition0

Not protected-

1

Protected against
solid foreign
objects,

A probing object, a ball of 50mm in diameter, must not enter or penetrate theenclosure

50 mm and larger
Protected against
solid foreign
objects, 12.5 mm
and larger

2

3

Protected against
solid foreign
objects,

A probing object, a ball of 12.5mm indiameter, must not enter or penetrate
the enclosure
A probing object, a ball of 2.5mm indiameter, must not penetrate at all

2.5 mm and larger
4

Protected against
solid foreign
objects,

A probing object, a ball of 1mm in diameter, must not penetrate at all

1.0 mm and larger
5

Protected against
dust

The ingress of dust is not completly
prevented. The quantity of dust thatenters not impair the safety or satisfactory operation of the equipment

6

Dustproof

No ingress of dust

Not protectedagainst liquids

-

0

1

2

3
4

5

8 Appendix

Protected against
water dropletsProtected against
water dropletsProtected against
spray water
Protected against
water splashes

Protected against
water jets

Vertically falling droplets must nothave any harmful effect when theenclosure is at an angle of 15° eitherside of the vertical
Droplets falling vertically must nothave any harmful effect with enclosure at an angle of 15° either side of thevertical
Water sprayed at any angle of up to
60° either side of the vertical must nothave any harmful effect
Water splashing against the enclosure from any angle must not have any
harmful effect
Water jets directed at the enclosure
from any angle must not have any
harmful effect109

FirstDigit

Second
Digit
6

7

8

Brief description

Definition

Protected against
powerful water
jets

Powerful water jets directed against
the enclosure from any angle must
not have any harmful effectProtected against
the effect of brief
submersion in
water

Water must not enter the equipmentin amounts that can have a harmful
effect if the enclosure is briefly submerged in water under standardisedpressure and time conditions

Protected against
the effect of continuous submersion in water

Water must not enter the equipmentin amounts that can have a harmful
effect if the enclosure is continuously
submerged in water.
The conditions must be agreed
between the manufacturer and theuser. The conditions must, however,be more severe than code 7

9K

8 Appendix

Protected against Water directed at the enclosure fromwater from highany angle under high pressure mustpressure andnot have any harmful effectsteam jet cleaning

110

SVS-VISTEK GmbH
Mühlbachstr. 20
82229 Seefeld
Phone: +49 (0) 81 52 9985-0
https://www.svs-vistek.com
info@svs-vistek.com© March-2021