672

Dr. C. P. Alexander o n

LIX.--New or Little-known Tipulidee (Diptera).-L X X X V I I . Oriental-Australasian ~S'pecies. By CI~ARLES
P. ALEXAXO~a, Ph.D., F.I{.E.S., University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
VIRTUALLY all the species discussed at this time werecollected by Mr. P. Susai Nathan in the Nilgiri Hills,
South India, and in Pahang, Malaya, by Mr. NoS1 L. H.
Krauss, to both of whom I am much indebted for numerous
Tipulid~e. The types of all the species are preserved inm y collection of these flies.

Ctenacroscelis siva, sp. n.
Belongs to the brobdignagius group; thorax yellow,
the prmscutum with four grey stripes t h a t are narrowly
bordered by brown; thoracic pleura clear yellow, only
the dorsal pleurotergite darkened ; femoral tips narrow]yblackened; wings rich brown, vaguely striped longitudinally with yellow: including a conspicuous area in theupper medial field ; prearcular area infuscated ; abdomen
dark brownish grey, the median region of the tergites
more reddish brown ; male hypopygium with the caudal
margin of tergite not bilobed, subtruncate to very feebly
concave, the posterior border with abundant long black
setm; outer dististyle narrowed outwardly; inner dististyle with the outer expanded portion unequallybidentate.
Male.ILength about 35 ram. ; wing 35.5 × 6.3 ram.
Frontal prolongation of head medium brown, nasus
elongate ; palpi black. Antennae 12-segmented ; proximal three or four segments brownish yellow, the outerones passing into dark brown; flagellar segments subcylindrical, longer than the short scattered verticils.
Head behind grey, the vertical tubercle more yellowed ; asmall circular brown spot immediately behind the root ofantenna.
Pronotal seutum dark brown medially, yellow on sides.
Mesonotal pr~escutum with the ground yellow, with four
grey stripes that are narrowly bordered by brown, theintermediate pair with a common darkened inner stripe ;scutal lobes each with two grey areas that are narrowly
bordered by paler grey, the posterior eallosities dark

New or little-known Tipulidae.

673

brown ; scutellum and parascutella pale yellow; mediotergite grey, the central and posterior areas broadly
yellow. Pleura and pleurotergite Mmost mdfi)rmly paleyellow, the only darkening being the dorsal edge of thepleurotergite ; ventral stc~cnoplem'it.e ~md moron whitened.
HMteres brownish black. Legs with all cox~e and trochanters yellow; femora brownish yellow, the tips
mm'owly blackened ; tibiae and basitarsi brownish
yellow, the remainder of tarsi passing into black ; claws(roMe) toothed. Wings with a strong rich brown tinge,vaguely striped longitudinally with pale yellow, themost distinct marking being a long strea.k over the media,lfield, extending from the outer en(l of cell 3I throughl,s't I~I,) along the upper branch of media almost to thewing margin ; less evident yellow streaks in cells M andCu and in base of 2nd A ; stigma yellow, scarcely differentiated from the ground; prearcular field chietiy
infuscated ; veins brownish yellow. Venation : Rs only
slightly arcuated, shorter than R~+ a ; vein Rj some dislance before the outer radial fork, producing an element
R~+2+a; vein R.~ only gently arcuated; petiole of cellM~ subequal to m ; "m-cu at near three-fourths the lengthof Ma+ 4.
Abdomen dark brownish grey, the median tergal area
reddish brown, this line becoming narrower and less di,qtinct behind, the outer segments uniformly darkened;hypopygium chiefly darkened. Male hypopygium withthe tergite large, gently narrowed outwardly, the caudal
margin not lobed, very gently concave to subtrmmate, theouter third or dorsal surface with dense black seta~.
Outer <lististyle strongly narrowe<l outwardly, the tip
obtuse. Inner dististyle exp~mde<l at outer third, theoblique tip (larkened and with at)m/(lant dense erectsetge and microscopic punctures; before apex, on sideof the expanded part, with a small triangular toolh.
Eighth segment with caudal margin unmoditied.
Hab. South India.
Holotype, 2, Mango Range, Nilgiri Hills, altitude 380ofeet, May 20, 1949 (P. Suaai Nathan).
The most similar regional species include (te~(~c~os:c(~li~.fulvohltera, li,s' (Brunetti) and C. m(@,~ticu,s' (~Brunetti), bothof which differ conspicuously in the coloration of the
body and wings, and in the structure of the male hypopygium. The unmarked pleura and the scarcely lolled
Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hi,st. Ser. 12. Vol. iii.
47

674

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

ninth tergite of the male hyopygium furnish importantcharacters for the recognition of the present fly.

Ctenac'roscelis albicostigma, sp. n.
Belongs to the brobdiffnagius group ; mesonotal pr~escu"~um with borders yellow, the disk with four brownish-grey
stripes that are broadly margined with dark brown, fillingthe interspaces ; dark pleural stripe interrupted beneaththe wing-root; wings brownish grey, the costal borderdarker brown; stigma conspicuously whitened; Rs
straight, subequM to R2+ 3 ; vein R 4 angulated at about
two-thirds its length; male hypopygium with the tergal
lobes short, rounded at tips ; outer dististyle truncated atapex ; inner dististyle with outer and irregularly trilobed ;eighth sternite with two lobes that bear long yellow set~e.
Male.--Length about 25 ram. ; wing 32 ram.
Frontal prolongation of head dark brown, including thelong nasus, the base above with a yellow line; palpi
black, broken beyond the second segment. Antennm withscape and pedicel yellow ; flagellum broken. Head withthe t¥ont and vertical tubercle yellow, the posterior andcentral parts of head obscure yellow, sparsely pruinose,
the sides more infuscated.
Pronotum infuscated medially, yellow sublaterally, thesides brownish grey. Mesonotal prseseutum with theborders and pretergites yellow, the disk with four brownish
grey stripes that are broadly bordered b y dark brown,
filling the interspaees ; central line of prmscutum more
intensely blackened, continued to the cephMie border;
seutal lobes brown in front, light grey across the eentrMl)ortion, the posterior border rather narrowly dark brown :scutellum dark brown, the posterior third pale, parascutella
infllscate(1; mediotergite grey, the sides broadly darkbrown, this being the posterior extension of a conspicuous
dorsopleurM stripe that begins at the cervical region and isinterrupted at the wing-root ; remainder of pleura andpleurotergite yellow excepting the propleura and anarrow infuseation over the dorsal sternopleurite. Halteres pale brown, the knob darker, the base of stem
restrietedly yellow. Legs with the eox~e yellow, lightly
patterned with pale brown; troehanters yellow;femora
yellow, the tips broadly brownish black; tibim and tarsi

New or little&nown Tipulidm.

675

yellow, the tips narrowly blackened, the outer tarsal
segments uniibrmly black ; claws (nude) toothed. WinGs
brownish grey, the prearcular and costal fields darker
brown ; a darker brown seam on m-cu and more narrowly
over the distal section of Cu~; stigma yellowish white,
conspicuous; obliterative areas over the anterior cordand basM section of vein M a narrow but conspicuous;veins light brown. Venation: Rs straight, subequal toR2+a; T 2 about twice vein Ra+4; vein R 4 angulated
at about two-thirds its length ; petiole of cell M~ about
two-thirds m ; m-eu beyond midlcngth of Ma+ 4.
Abdomen chiefly dark brown, vaguely more reddened inplaces, more extensively so on the sternites where theposterior borders are broadly of this colour ; hypopygium
chiefly darkened. Male hypopygium with the tergal
lobes rounded, unusually short, the breadth across thebase exceedin G the length ; surface with numerous shorterect setulm. Outer dististyle truncate at tip, the greatest
width just beyond the base, equallin G about two-thirds
the length. Inner dististyle enlarged at apex, the outerend irregularly trilobed, the outer lobe darkened, withnumerous setigerous punctures bearing short erect setm.
the lower apical lobes paler. Eighth sternite bilobed, thelobes provided with long yellow setge.
Hab. Malaya.
Holotype, ~, Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Mtitude
4800 feet, July 1948 (N. L. H. Krauss).
Despite the loss of the antennae I am referrin G this fly
to the brobdignagius group without question. It isdistinguished from all other species in Eastern Asia by thewhitened stigma of the wings, as well as by the structureof the hypopygium, especially the ninth tergite, where thelobes are unusually small and roun<led at the lips. The
only other species known to me having the stigma whit(~ isCten(~<:rosceli8 Pra'qJotens (Wiedemann), still known only
from Java, which (lifters in all details of col<~ratiol) andstructure of the male hypopygium.
Ctenacroscdis l)itru~watus, sp. n.
Behmgs to the umbrinus group, allied to ocI~ripes;fiagellar segments only moderately dilated, the depth only
about two-thirds the length, the apical necks ~'ery short ;wings with cell M 4 short and broad, m-cu only a little
47*

(,76

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

shorter than the distal section of vein C% ; male hypopygium with the lateral lobes of tergite subtruncatc, theouter ends slightly dilated; apex of inner dististylesquarely truncate.
ibIalc.--Length about 21-22 ram. ; wing 24-26 ram.
Female.--Length about 22-24 ram. ; wing 22-23 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head brownish grey; nasus
conspicuous ; palpi brown, the terminal segment brownish
Mack. Antennae brown, the pedicel more yellowed ; basal
two flagellar segments subcylindricM, the succeeding ones
conspicuously dilated on lower face, the extreme (atIiagellar segment five or six) with the segment about
two-thirds as deep as long, with a very short apical neck ;terminal segment about one-fourth longer than the
penultimate ; ttagcllar verticils conspicuous. In ochripe,s',
the intermediate flagellar segments are greatly expanded,
the depth exceeding the length and with a distinct apicalneck that is nearly one-hMf as long as the enlarged base.
Head brown, the orbits narrowly but conspicuously
yellow.
Pronotum yellow, the central part of the elevatedscutum brown. Mesonotal prmscutum with the groundcol(mr obscure buffy brown, the humerM region and broad
lateral borders dark brown, the disk with four greyishl)rown stripes that are narrowly and vaguely bordered bybrown, the median ground vitta very narrow; scutum
yellow medially, each lobe with two grey areas that are
narrowly bordered by brown, the areas confluent ; scutellure and postnotum brownish grey, more or less patterned,
1)araseutella pale; mediotergite more or less variegated~ith darker. Dark pleural stripe narrowed posteriorly,
passing above the halteres. Halteres dark brown, thebase of stem narrowly yellow. Legs with the blackened
femoral tips broad, remainder of legs yellow; claws
bidcntate. Wings brownish yellow, darker brown beyond
cord and in costal field; stigma pale brown ; a conspicuous brown seam over m-cu, widened on posterior
end ; obliterative band at cord conspicuous ; pale seams
along outer veins, in the outer end of cell 1,st A relatively
conspicuous ; veins brown. Venation : Cell 1,st M 2/arger than in ochripes and differently formed; Mat ,~subcqual to or hmger than the basal section of Ma, with
m- cu at or before midlength ; cell M a short and broad,with ,m-c~., only a little less than the distal section of

~Vew o r little-known Tipulidae.

677

vein Cul. The right wing of the allotype has a strong
spur ii'om m-cu jutting into cell M 4.
Abdominal tergites brownish black, the lateral margins
broadly grey, the posterior borders very narrowly of thesame colour ; basal sternite more yellowed ; hypopygium
relatively small, darkened, tile styli yellow. In the female,sternites more extensively pale. Male hypopygium withthe tergite subquadrate in outline, the caudal margin
with a deep U-shaped notch, the lateral lobes broad,subtruneate, the outer lateral angle produced slightly
b~tera,d ; lobes with sparse seta~. Outer dististyle broad,rounded at tip, about one-half longer than wide. Innerdististyle a simple strongly curved tlattened bhtde, theapex squarely truncate.
Hab. South India.
Holotype, c{, Singara, Nilgiri Hills, altitude 3400 feet,
October 1948 (P. Su,vai Nathan). Allotol~otYPe, 9. l',r~ltopotype~', 1 0~, with the type ; 1%_~,September 1948.
This tty is quit(; distinct from Ctenac.ro~'celi,s" ochrip~,~"(Brunetti), still known detlnitely only from Ceylon. The
South Indian specimen of ochripes mentioned by Brmtetti
was later tentatively placed by Edwards with C. i'l@,,len.~(Walker), from Celebes and eastward. All of these species
differ among themselves in the structure of the antennm
and male hypopygium, especially tile tergite and innerdististyle.

Tipula (Formotilnd(t) dccurv(vtas, sp. n.
General coloration velvety black, abdominal segmel~ls
two to tbur reddish orange, restrietedly patterned o .
posterior lateral portions with blttck; wings unitbrmlv
grey, the stigma darker; Rs short, only about one-hai'flonger than the strongly elevated Re+ a ; male hypopyginm
with the tergite narrowed caudad into a slender medianbeak, the apex microscopically notched to tbrm twodivergent points.
Male.--Length about l0 ram. ; wing 11 ram. ; antennc~
about 3.5 ram.
Front~tl prolongation of head black, mt,su,~; and lmipi
similarly blackened. Antennge black, the apex of Ihl
pedicel faintly reddened ; flagellar segments only weakly
incised. Head velvety black.
Thorax almost uniformly velvety black, very restrictedly variegated with more brownish grey pruintse

678

Dr. C. P. Alexander o nareas, including a small oval patch near the sides ofprzescutum behind the pseudosutural fovem, and others on
tile scutellum, anepistemmm and anapleurotergite. Haltotes black. Legs brownish black throughout. Wings
with a greyish suffusion, the extreme base more blackened ;stigma oval, medium brown; veins brown. Venation:
Rs shorter than in friedrichi, only about one-half longer
than the strongly elevated R2~ a ; vein R a gently arcuate,cell R.~ at margin only about two-thirds as extensive as
cell R3; cell 1st M,~ small, pentagonal, m much shorter
than the other elements; cell 2nd A shorter than inf riedrichi.
First abdominM segment black, narrowly reddened
medially ; segments two to tbur, inclusive, reddish orange,
the posterior lateral borders of the tergites and narrower
similar areas on the ternites blackened ; segments five tonine uniformly black ; abdomen conspicuously hairy, thesecond tergite with two transverse groups of erect blackset~e, the central portion of the sclerite glabrous. Male
hypopygium with the ninth tergite strongly narrowedcaudally into a slender, more or less decurved medianbeaklike point, its apex with a small V-shaped notch toform two divergent points. Basistyle produced caudad
into a conspicuous obtuse lobe, the obliquely flattened
inner or mesal face with abundant short set~e.
Hab. Tonkin.
Holotypc, ~, Mountains at Chapa, altitude 4S00 feet,
August 15, 1934 (E. R. Tin/chain); purchased front
Tinkham.
Closest to Tipultt (Formotipula)friedrichi Alexander, of
the Szechwan-Tibet border, being distinguished by the
uniformly grey wings, with the venational details distinct.
The structure of the male hypopygium, particularly the
tergite and basistyle, are likewise distinct.

Limonia (Pseudoglochina) biluteola, sp. n.
Size relatively large (wing, femMe, 7 ram.) ; mesonotum
chiefly medium brown, tile pleura and cephalic end of
prmscutum whitish yellow ; tibia snowy white with two
narrow dark brown rings; wings brownish grey, theprearcular and costal fields more saturated ; stigma large,oval, dark brown, preceded and followed by extensive
pale yellow areas ; Sc long, Sc 1 ending opposite fork of thearcuated Rs; cell 2nd M 2 deep, about three times its

New or little-known Tipulid~e.

679

petiole ; cell 2nd A unusually large and broad, the outerhalf of vein 2nd A nearly straight.
Female.--Length about 7 mm. ; wing 7 ram.
Rostrum whitened, the apex infuseated ; palpi brownish
black. Antennm with scape and pedicel brown ; flagellum
broken. Front and anterior vertex yellowish white, theposterior part of head fulvous.
Pronotum and the cephalic end of the foreward
projecting prmscutum whitish yellow, the remainder ofmesonotunl medium brown, with a central pale stripe,
more obscured on attterior end of prmseutum, becoming
more evident and clearly delimited on the scutellum, thepostnotum more unieolorous. Pleura chiefly covered by abroad whitish yellow longtitudinal stripe, including all
the sides excepting the dorsal half of the pleurotergite
and tim ventral part of the sternite which are dark brown.
Halteres elongate, dark brown. Legs with the fore cox~eand trochanters infuseated, the remaining ones whitish
yellow; femora yellow, the tips broadly dark brown orbrownish black; remainder of legs snowy white, thetibize with two narrow dark brown rings, the outer one atrifle broader; ground space between the rings nearlyfour times as extensive as the outer one. Wings brownish
grey, the preareular and costal fields more saturated;stigma large, oval, clark brown, preceded and followed byextensive pale yellow areas ; veins brown, more brownish
yellow in the costal areas. Venation: Sc hmg, Scj
ending opposite fork of R~', Sc 2 far from its tip ; Rs only
~ trifle longer than the similarly areuated basal sectionof R4+ a ; cell 2nd M e deep, about three times its petiole ;m-ca close to fork of M ; anal veins convergent near base,cell 2nd A unusually large and broad, vein 2nd A nearlystraight on outer half.
Abdominal tergites chiefly dark brown, more intensely
so on lateral and caudal parts of segments, the sublateral~md central areas vaguely more yellowed ; termites chiefly
light yellow.
Hab. Malaya.
Holotype, ~, Cameron Highlands, Pahang, altitude
480() feet, J u l y 1948 (N. L. H. Krauss).
Among the described regional species, the present tty
is closest to Limonia (Pseudogtochina) riukinensis Alexander, which has the venation, including the large cell

080

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

2nd A, much the same, differing in the coloration of the
body and wings and in tile details of venation.
ParadellJl~omyia (Oxyrhiza) pleuroli'reea, sp. n.
Mesonotum dark chestnut-brown ; pleura with a broad
dark brown longitudinal stripe, sternopleurite paler brown,
tile two areas enclosing a broad obscure whitish stripe;wings with a strong brownish tinge, unpatterned ; cell M~
present ; abdomen dark brown ; male hypopygium withthe outer dististyle expanded outwardly, broadest opposite
the stout ventral spine.
211ale.--Length about 4-5 ram. ; wing 5 mm.
l~ostrum and palpi black. Antennm
with scape arrd
the enlarged pedicel brownish black; flagellum broken.
Head brownish black ; anterior vertex broad.
Pronotum brown, the pretergal region more testaeeous.
Mesonotum dark chestnut-brown, the central part ofprmseutum still darker, the surface sparsely pruinose,
more heavily so on the postnotum. Pleura with a broad
dark brown longitudinal stripe extending from thecervical region to the postnotum ; ventral sternopleurite
paler brown ; between these two darkened stripes a broad
obscm'e whitish line extends ti'om and includes the torecox~e, reaching the base of abdomen. Halteres elongate,
dusky, the base of stem paler. Legs with the coxa~ andtrochanters yellow; remainder of legs broken. Wings
with a strong brownish tinge, tire oval stigma vaguelydarker brown ; wing base a trifle more yellowed ; veins
and maerotriehia dark brown. Wings broadest opposite
midlength ; sparse macrotrichia in outer' cells, ti'om AJ~1
(stigma) to M a inclusive. Venation: Sc~ ending nearly
opposite the fork of R~', Sc. some distance front its tip,
Sc~ alone about three-iburths R~+:,+4; Rs elongate,nearly two attd one-half times Ra+a+ 4, the latter nearly as
long as vein/~a ; vein Re very faint, evidently at or close
to the tbrk of R,~ a i-4 ; veins/~a and P~4 divergent so cell
Ra at m~rgin is considerably wider than cell//,, ; cell M 1
more thal~ one-half its petiole; ,m-c'z, at or beyond
midlength of cell t~'t M e.
Abdomen dark brown. Male hypopygium with theouter dististyle expanded outwardly, broadest opposite
the stout ventral spine, the two apical spines unequal, theNew or little-known Tipulid~e.

681

outer one smMler. Inner dististyle very broad at near
midlength. No ventral fork of the a3deagus can be seenin the unique slide available.
Hab. Malaya.
Holotype, ~, Cameron Highlands, Pahang, altitude
4800 feet, J u l y 1948 (£V. L. H. Krau8@
Among the rather numerous species of the genus now
known from southern and eastern Asia, this fly comesclosest to Paradelphomyia (Oxyrhiza) flave, scens (Brunetti)(J'urcata Brunetti), differing in the coloration and venationand in the structure of the male hypopygium.

Paradelphomyia (Oxyrhiza) perumbrosa, sp. n.
Allied to umbro~'a ; wings broader in male, widest justbeyond the termination of vein 2nd A ; disk of wing infuscared, with pale and darker brown clouds; malehypopygium with the spines of the ventral fork of the~edeagus widely separated at base, long and very slender,
the tips acute.
Male.--Length about 4.5 mm. ; wing 5 mm.
Female.--Length about 4.5 ram. ; wing 4.6 ram.
Wings much broader in mate than in temMe, widest
opposite cell 1st A just beyond the termination of vein
2nd A. In the female, wings widest at midlength or atcell Cu. Wings with much of the disk infuscated, particularly in the basal two-thirds where the pate groundeolour is restricted to major areas along the costal andanal borders ; a series of about six costal darkenings, thefirst at arculus, second at origin of Ida, third over Sc,2,
extending virtually to tip of vein Sc~ ; beyond cord thepale ground areas are subequM in extent to the darkenings.
Maerotriehia of cells more abundant in female than inmale, in the latter being virtually restricted to a few
scattered triehia in outer ends of cells R 4 and R 5. Venat i o n : Sc, unusually short, only about two-thirds r-m, a
trifle longer in the male ; vein R,, from one-third to oneh~lf its own length beyond the tbrk of Id'e~-a!-4; 'm-c't~
nearly opposite one-third to two-fifths the length of cell
Ls't M,2, the second section of Maq 4 varying h'om about
one and one-half to nearly two times the basal section ofvein M a. Knobs of halteres weakly infuscated.
Male hypopygium with the outer dististyle nmeh
expanded outwardly, the usual ventral spine replaced by a

6,~2

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

darkened lobe, not spinous ; apical spines unequM, theouter one smaller. Ventral fork of aedeagus with thespines widely separated at base, long and very slender,
the tips acute.
Hab. Malaya.
Holotype, o~ on microscope slide, Cameron Highhmds,
Pahang, altitude 4S00 feet, July 1948 (N. L. H. Krauss).
Allotopotype, ~.
Generally similar to Pa~uddphomyia (Oxyhiza) uv~b'ro~a(Edwards), described fi'om Kedah, Malaya, differing indetails of wing-pattern and venation.

A ustrolimnophila Alexander.
Subgenus Limnophila~pi~', subgen, n.
R(~strum short. Anterior vertex behind the antennalbases produced into a conspicuous median tubercle.
Anteml~e short, 16-segmented, with no indication of afusion of the basal fiagellar segments. Pronotum very
reduced. Tuberculate pits and pseudosutural foveee
lacking. Legs with basitarsi very long, exceeding thetibia~ in length and much longer than the succeeding tarsal
segments combined; femora and tibim with abundant
elongate scales scattered among the normal set~e ; tibial
spurs lacking. Wings with anterior arculus lacking;cell Mt present ; m-cu at near midlength of cell l~'t M~.
Male hypopygium with the outer dististyle hairy, simple,
pointed at tip. ~Edeagus short.
Type of subgen u s . ~ A ustrolimnophila (Limnophila~iois )ecolcarata (Edwards): Oriental Region--Borneo.
Austrolimnophila (LimnophilasI)is) breviaetosa, sp. n., of
Malaya, likewise belongs here. The subgenus is separated
from the Heterolimnophila Alexander, the other subgenus
of Austrolimnophila that lacks tibiM spurs, by the scaly
legs, a character not previously noted in the tribe
Hexatomini though not uncommon in the Eriopterini.
A ustrolimnophila (Limnophilaspis) brevisetosa, sp. n.
General coloration of notum reddish brown; pleura
yellow, with a narrow dorsal longitudinal brown stripe ;
halteres and legs d a r k ; wings with a strong brownish
tinge; trichia of wing veins relatively short; cell M 1
deep; male hypopygium with each gonapophysis terminating in three acute spinous points.

New or little-l~nown Tipulidm.

683

Male.--Length about 6 ram. ; wing 6.9 ram.
Rostrum obscure brownish yellow ; palpi short, black.
Antenme with scape and pedicel black ; flageflum broken.
Head grey, the occipital legion more reddened.
Fretergites obscure yellow. Mesonotum chiefly reddish
brown, unpatterned, scutellum a little darker ; postnotum
brownish yellow: the mediotergite sparsely pruinose.
Ventral pleurites light yellow, the dorsal sclerites more
obscure, with a narrow clark brown longtitudinal stripe
extending fl'om the cervical region to the posterior edgeof the pteropleuritc. Haltcres long, blackened. Legs
with the cox~e and trochanters yellow ; remainder of legs
brownish black, the dark colour produced chiefly by thevestiture. Wings with a strong brownish tinge, thestigma very narrow, scarcely evident ; pale longtitudinal
streaks in cells M and 1st M a barely entering cell Ma.
and in cell 1st A behind the vein ; veins brown. Macrotrichia of veins shorter and less conspicuous than in~calcarata. Venation : Sc long, Sc~ ending about opposite
midlength of R,2+3+4, Sc2 near its tip ; R~+ 2 long, exceedingR.)+a+~ ; inner end of cell 1st M e lying basad of cells R 4 or
Rs: cell M~ elongate, about one-half longer than its
petiole ; m-cu at near one4hird the length of cell l~'t M.~
and opposite f-m ; m a little longer than the basal sectionof M:~ ; vein and cell 2nd A shorter than in ecalcarata.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, sternites yellow;
subterminal segments slightly darker ; hypopygium
yellow. Male hypopygium with the outer dististyle
setiferous, the apex bent at a right-angle into a black spine;
inner dististyle longer, arcuated, the tip obtuse. Gonapophysis short and stout, terminating in three acute spinous
points.
Hab. Malaya.
Holotype, ~, Fraser's Hill, Pahang, October 1948
(N. L. H. Krauss).
Although close to Austrolimnophita (Limnol~hilas.~)i8)~calcarata (Edwards), the present fly is evidently distinct
in the shorter wings, shorter trichia of the wing veins,and in the details of structure of the male hypopygium.
I have a paratype of ecalcarata for comparison.
Hexatoma (Eriocera) quadriaurantia, sp. n.
General coloration of thorax and abdomen orange;head dark brown, with two vertical tubercles that are684

Dr. C. P. Alexander o nplaced on the midline one immediately behind the other ;iu.mscutum with four orange stripes, tile gronnd lightgrey; femora brownish yellow, the tips very narrowly
blackened; wings with a deep fulvous brown tinge,
unpatterned; Rt+ 2 long, nearly twice R,~+a; cell M t
present, subequM to its petiole; outer two abdominM
segments slightly darker brown.
M a l e . - - L e n g t h about 18-20 ram. ; wing 16-19 mln. ;antenna about 3-3.1 ram.
Igostrum short, yellow ; pMpi dark brown.
Antennae(male) S-segmented;
scape brown, sparsely pruinose;
pedicel and first flagellar segment light brown, the outer
ltagellar segments somewhat darker; flagellar segments
decreasing in length outwardly, the last a trifle exceeding
the penultimate. Head behind dark grey, cinnamonbrown in front ; two vertical tubercles, placed one behindthe other on the midline, the small anterior one cinnamon,
the longer upper one grey.
Pronotum reddish brown. MesonotM pr~eseutum withthe ground light grey, with four conspicuous orange
stripes, the intermediate pair separated by a capillarydark brown line that is most intense in front, barely
apparent behind; stripes narrowly bordered by pale
brown; laterM pr~escutal borders more reddish grey;
scutum light brown, the centres of the lobes orange;
scutellum pale brown, sparsely pruinose; mediotergite
brownish orange. Pleura and pleurotergite brownish
orange, sparsely pruinose ; dorsopleural membrane pruinose. Halteres short, black. Legs with the eoxm reddish,sparsely pruinose, the fore pair more heavily so; trochanters yellow; remainder of legs obscure yellow orbrownish yellow, the femoral tips very narrowly toscarcely blackened. Wings with a deep fulvous browntinge, the prearcular and costal fields somewhat darker ;veins yellow. Macrotrichia on outer veins, including
R,~. 2 to M a, very sparse and scattered on the medial
veins. Venation: Scl ending nearly opposite R2, Sc,~
about opposite fork of R~+a+4 ; R,+,~ long, nearly twice
R,~t_a; R,~+a+4 about one-third longer than R,~+a or thebasal section of Rs; cell M~ present, subequal to its
petiole; MI+ 2 nearly in longitudinal alignment, with
M.~ ; inner end of cell 1st M 2 truncate ; m - c u from one
and one-half to nearly two times the distal section ofvein Cu D placed at near midlength of cell 1st M 2.

685

N e w or little-known Tipulid~e.

Abdomen orange, without polished rings; eighth andninth segments slightly darker brown.
Hab. South India.
Holotype, c~, Kollar, Nilgiri Hills, altitude 1000 feet,
July 1947 (P. Su~'ai Nathan). Paratol~otyl)eS, 1 ~, withthe type ; 1 d' , altitude 1250 feet, October 25, 1947 (P.

Susai Nathan).
In its generally orange colour, the present tiy agrees
most nearly with Hexatoma (Eriocera) aurantia (Brunetti),of the Eastern Himalayas. This is a much smaller fly
with the whole body deep orange, with the stem of thehalteres yellow, only the knob being blackened.

H exatoma (Eriocera ) flavicosta (Edwards).
Eriocer(~ flavico~'ta Edwards,
p. 85, pl. 10, fig. 4, 1921.

Ann. & Mag. Nt~t.

Hist. (9) viii.

The type, a female, was from the Nilgiri Hills, altitude
3000 feet, taken August 21, 1888, by Sir George F.
Hampson.
Altotype, c~~, Cherangoda, Nilgiri Hills, altitude 3700 feet,
May 1949 (P. Susai 2Vathan).
Male.--Length about 22 ram. ; wing [5 toni. ; antenna
about 3"6 ram.
Characters much as in the female, differing chiefly inminor details of coloration, and in the sexual characters.
Antennae short, 8-segmented (10 in female); scape andpedicel brownish black, sparsely pruinose ; flagellum
brown. Mesonotum of both sexes distinctly patterned.
the pnescutum with four brownish grey stripes that arebordered by dark brown, the median dark stril~e broad aJ~dconspicuous. Abdominal segments four ~md five yellow
basally, the subterminal segments intensely blacken((l :hypopygium obscure orange.
A tbmale fl'om the Mango Range, Nilgiri Hills, altitude
3800 i~et, May 1949 (P. Su,sai N~th~n), is smaller than
the type of this sex and differs further in having theyellow abdomiuM pattern on segments three and four,
the genital shield orange, the remainder of abdomen bla(;k.

Hexatoma (Eriocera) politovertcx, sp. n.
General coloration of mesothorax black, grey pruinose,
ttle l)r~seutum without evident stripes; vertex grey,
the prmseutum without evident stripes ; vertex

686

Dr. C. P. Alexander o ngrey, the tubercle appearing as a low rounded highly
polished black k n o b ; legs (lark brown; wings with abrownish tinge, stigma lacking; macrotriehia on distal
ends of outer radial veins; R~+a+4 nearly three times
R2+a; Rt+ 2 and R~ subequM; R2+;~ about one-hMf
longer than R2; abdominal tergites brownish black,
without shiny rings; valves of ovipositor excessively
long and slender.
Female.--Length about 10 mm. ; wing 8.8 ram.
Rostrum exceedingly reduced, the end virtually flushwith the front level of the eyes ; palpi brownish black.
Antennm (female) S-segmented ; scape and pedicel lightbrown, flagellum darker; flagellar segments gradually
decreasing in length, the first more dilated on proximal
portion; vertieils scattered over the segments. Headabove grey ; vertical tubercle appearing as a low rounded
highly polished black knob.
Pronotum black, grey pruinose. Mesonotum uniformly
black, grey pruinose, the pr~escutum without stripes:
pr~escutal set~e erect and conspicuous. Pleura heavily
grey pruinose ; dorsopleural membrane dusky. Haltereswith stem yellowish brown, knob blackened. Legs withthe eox0e grey pruinose; trochanters <lark brown; remainder of legs dark brown, the femoral bases restrietedly
paler. Wings with a brownish tinge, the costal region notor scarcely darker; stigma lacking; veins brown.
Maerotrichia on outer ends of veins Ra, R~ and Rs, lacking
on the medial veins. Venation: h very oblique; Sc~
ending about opposite r-m ; Rs long ; R2+a+ 4 nearly threetimes R2+ a; Rt+ 2 not upturne<l, subequal to R2; Rz+:;
about one-half longer than Re; cell 1st M e subequal toouter section of vein M,+,,; cell M~ lacking; m-cu
more than one-half its length beyond the fork of M,
subcqual to the distal section of (/u, : vein 2nd A sinuous
on outer half.
Abdominal tergites brownish black, without shiny
rings ; basal sternites more obscure brownish yellow, theouter ones darkened. Ovipositor with valves exceedingly
long and slender, especially the cerci which are virtuallystraight ; genital shiehl brownish yellow, sparsely pruinose.
Hab. South Indla.
Holotype, ~, Mango Range, Nilgiri Hills, altitu<te 3S00
feet, May 1949 (P. Susai Nathan).

New or little-]cnown Tipulidm.

t;87

By Edward's key to the Old World species of' Erio('(~r,(Ann. & M a g . Nat. Hist. (9), viii, pp. 70-78, 192t), thepresent fly runs to couplet 29, disagreeing with all speeies
beyond this point by the lack of black marginal sports on
the praescutum, in conjunction with the loss of cell M~of the wings. By the use of this key the fly runs withdifficulty to Hexatoma (Eriocera) r~fiventris (Brunetti),
to which it is only distantly related. The peculiar vertieM
tubercle appears to be somewhat as in H. (E.)pachyrhinoidea (Edwards), of Ceylon, an otherwise entirely (list.let
fly.

Teucholabis ( Teucholabis) progne, sp. n.
Mesonotum chiefly polished black, the humeral regionof the pr~escutum extensively yellow; vertex polishedbrown ; knob of hMteres light yellow ; femora yellow ;wings broad, pale yellow, virtually unpatterned ; stigmaoval, brown ; abdominal segments bicolored yellow andclark brown ; rome hypopygium with the outer dististylean elongate flattened bl,~de, the inner style much larger.
Male.--Length about 5.5-6 ram. ; wing 5-5-6 ram.
Rostrum yellow, relatively long, nearly equal toremainder of head ; palpi black. Antennae with scape andpedicel yellow; flagellum broken. Head with vertex
polished brown, the remainder of head more reddened.
Pronotm~t yellow. Mesonotum chiefly polished black,the humeral region of pr~escutum extensively obscureyellow ; a spot before suture, median region of scutum,
posterior eallosities, and the scutellum lighter yellow;
postnotum black. Dorsal pleurites, including pleurotergite, black, the ventral parts abruptly yellow, withindications of a more silvery stripe adjoining the black.
Halteres with stem blackened, knob light yellow. Legs
with all coxae and trochanters yellow; femora yellow;
remainder of legs broken. Wings broad, pale yellow,
virtually unpatterned; stigma oval, brown; a vague
darkened seam on anterior cord, best indicated by adeepening in eolour of the veins. In eases, a vague dusky
cloud before midlength of cell (2u ; veins yellow, the cord
darkened.
Venation: Sc relatively long, So,. ending
opposite or just before midlength of Rs, S% removed
from the tip, Sc 1 alone subequal to R 2 ; veins R 4 and R aapproximately parallel to one another for most of their

688

Dr. C. P. Alexander onlength; cell 1st M~ longer than vein M4; m-cu about
one-third its length beyond fork of M.
Abdomen beyond the basal segments bicoloured, thesegments yellow with their posterior margins broadly
dark brown, the amount of dark colour increasing on theouter segments; hypopygium with the styli brownish
black, the eighth and ninth segments otherwise yellow.
Male hypopygium unusually simple. Basistyle unarmed.
Two dististyles, the outer an elongate flattened blade;
inner style much larger, appearing as a flattened blade,the inner apical angle produced laterad into a blackened
spine ; outer lateral angle of style with two strong setmof unequal length. ~Edeagus stout, without blackened orspinous points, weakly bilobed at tip, the surface withnumerous scattered strong setae. No nl<)<tified sternal
pockets on male abdomen.
Hab. Malaya.
Holotype, c~, Cameron Highlands, Pahang, altitude
4800 feet, J u l y 1948 (N. L. H. Krauss). Paratopotypes,
2 d3.
The other regional species that have the wings unpatterned or virtually so include Teucholabis (Teucholabi,s.)shanenais Alexander and T. (T.) ,~'olivaga Alexander,
which differ from the present fly in the details of coloration and venation, and in the structure of the malehypopygium, where this is known.

Gonomyia (Idiocera) recens, sp. n.
Mesonotum dark grey, the pr~escutum with fimr narrowbrown stripes; pleura reddish yellow, striped longitudinally with brown; t~mora obscure yellow, the tips
not or scarcely darkened; wings whitish subhyaline,
restrietedly patterned with darker: Sc short, Sc~ ending
opposite origin of Rs or virtually so ; male hypopygiumwith the apical lobe of basistyle long and slender ; three
dististyles, the outer one forked near t i p ; apex of
a~deagus obtuse.
Male.--Length about 6 ram. ; wing 6 ram.
Female.--Length about 7 ram. ; wing 6.6 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae with scape (lark,
sparsely pruinose; flagellum obscure brownish yellow;
in the female of what seems to be this same species theNew or little-known Tipulidm.

689

flagellum is brownish black. Head dark grey, tbe
posterior genre more reddened.
Pronotum dark brownish grey; pretergites obscureyellow. Mesonotum dark grey, the proescutum withfour narrow brown stripes, the lateral margins more
reddened; seutum brownish grey, the lobes infuscated,the central part with a narrow dark brown line that isnarrowed to a point at the seutellmlx, the latter brownish
grey ; postnotum brownish grey. Pleura reddish yellow,
with a brown longitudinM stripe extending from thesides of the pronotum to the postnotum, passing above theroot of the halteres. Halteres brownish black, the extreme base of stem reddened. Legs with the eoxm paleyellow, the fore pair a trifle darker ; trochanters
yellow ; remainder of legs obscure yellow, the femora notor scarcely darker apically; tips of tibia narrowly
infuseated; tarsi outwardly passing into black. Wings
whitish subhyMine, restrietedly patterned with darker;
stigma oval, dark brown ; very vague darkenings at ends
of veins R~ and Rs; veins brown, paler at the base.
Venation : Sc short, Sc 1 ending opposite or just beyond
the origin of Rs, Sc,, very far removed from its tip so
Sct alone is only a trifle shorter than Rs; distance on C
between veins Rt+ 2 and R a about one-half r - m ; tip ofvein R4 upeurved, widening cell R4 at margin, it being a
trifle more extensive than cell Ra; ~rv-cu a little lessthan twice its own length before the fork of M.
Abdomen dark brown, narrowly brownish black onsides; hypopygium slightly brightened. Male hypopygium with the apical outer lobe of basistyle long andrelatively slender, extending to the fork of the outerdististvle ; inner lobe very small. Three dististyles, theouter i~orked near tip, its inner arm a short oval lobe, theouter one a long slender blade. Intermediate style along simple rod, the tip acute. Inner dististyle bent atbase, gradually narrowed outwardly, the blackened tip
terminating in an acute spinous point. Apex of mdeagns
without points or spines, obtuse.
Hab. South India.
Holotype, ~, Singara, Nilgiri Hills, altitude 3400 feet,
May 11, 1948 (P. Susai Nathan). Allotopotype , ~,October 1948.
When compared with the related regional species, thepresent fly is closest, to Gonomyia (Idiocera) hainanen~isAnn. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 12. lZol. iii.
48

6.00

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Alexander, differing in coloration and venation, as theshort vein Sc and very long vein Sc 1.
Gonomyia (Gonomyia) resoluta, sp. n.
Mesonotum brownish yellow, the pr~escutum with three
more or less confluent dark brown stripes; scutellum
yellow, with a smM1 (lark spot at base ; pleura virtuallyunpatterned; wings weakly suffused with greyish, thestigma pale brown ; Sc long, Sc 1 ending nearly opposite
midlength of the long Rs; cell R a unusually large, vein R abeing longer than Ry+a+ a and less oblique in position thanusual in the subgenus ; cell 1st M 2 small.
I,¥male.--Length about 5 mm. ; wing 5.2 mm.
Head missing.--Pronotal seutum obscure yellow, thescutellum and pretergites more whitened.
Mesonotall)r~escutum with the ground brownish yellow, with threedark brown stripes that are confluent behind or virtuallyso, darkening the disk; scutum chiefly dark brown,
the posterior lateral angles obscure yellow; scutellum
yellow, with a small dark central spot at base; mediotergite infuseated and pruinose on central portions, thelateral borders, with the pleurotergite, light yellow.
Pleura chiefly pale yellow, the mesepisternum vaguely
more darkened yet virtually unpatterned. Halteres pale,knobs weakly darkened.
Legs ~ith the cox~e yellow,
vaguely infuseated, the anterior faces of She fore eox~emore evidently so; trochanters yellow; remainder oflegs broken. Wings weakly suffused with greyish, thestigma pale brown, very diffuse; veins brown, those atbase a little paler. Venation : Sc long, Scl ending nearly
opposite midlength of the long Rs, S% a short distanceremoved from the tip, Sc, alone shorter than m ; cell
R:~ unusually large, vein R~ longer than Ry+a+ 4 and lessoblique in position than in afllnis and allies ; distance on
costa between RI+., and R 3 nearly as long as vein R 3
alone; vein R 4 long, more than twice Ra; cell 1st M 2
small, less than vein M a ; m-cu more than one-hMf its
length beyond fork of M ; anterior areulus lacking.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, sternites paler. Ovipositor with the valves very long, the cerci unusually
slender.
Hab. Malaya.
Holotype, 9, Cameron Highlands, Pahang, altitude
4800 feet, J u l y 1948 (N. L. H. Krauss).

New or little-known Tipulid~e.

691

The most similar regional species include Gonomyia(Gonomyia) affinis Brunetti and G. (G.) bryanti Alexander,
which differ evidently in the venation, as compared abovein the description.

Gonomyia (Lipophleps) ambiens, sp. n.
Mesonotum dark brown, virtually unpatterned, including the seutellum ; pleura reddish brown, with a broad
yellowish white longitudinal stripe that is narrowly
bordered both above and below by darker brown ; wings
with an unusuallystrong brownishtinge, vaguely patternedwith more gre'gish spots and streaks, particularly at near
midlength; vein Sc very short, Sc~ ending a distanee
hefore origin of R8 that is greater than the total length of~hls latter vein; abdominal sternites brown, the caudal
margins ringed with yellow.
Female.--Length about 5 mm. ; wing 4.3 mm.
I~ostrum dark brown ; palpi blaek. Antennm broken.
Head light yellow.
Pronotum and pretergites light yellow. Mesonotum
almost uniformly dark brown, including the scutelhnn,
the surface vaguely pruinose, more heavily so on the
postnotum. Pleura dorsally dark reddish brown, thedorsopleural membrane yellow ; a broad yellowish whitelongitudinal stripe extending from and including the fore
eoxm, reaching the abdomen, passing beneath the halteres,the stripe bordered narrowly above and more broadly
beneath by darker brown. Halteres with base of stem
darkened, the outer pa1+~ broken.
Legs with the fore
eoxse whitened, as described ; middle and hind eoxm moreyellowed, their bases narrowly infuseated:femorabrownish yellow, a trifle darkened outwardly but notforming an evident r i n g ; r e m a i n d e r of legs broken.
Wings with an mmsually strong brownish tinge, withvague more greyish spots and streaks, most conspicuousat near midlength of wing; costal border narrowly
pale, the colour continued distad to beyond the wing tip,
before and beyond the oval brown stigma more extensive
and conspicuous ; veins brown, yellow in the pale costal
fields. Costal fringe long and conspicuous. Venation:
Sc very short, Sc 1 ending a distance before origin of Rs
that is greater than the length of the latter : R8 areuated,
its anterior branch generally straight, a trifle sinuous
beneath the stigma ; cell R 4 a~ margin very wide, about,
48*

692

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

one and three-quarters times that of cell R 2 ; m-cu at orjust before the fork of M.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, virtually unicolorous,
the extremely narrow yellow lateral and posterior marginsof the segments barely evident; sternites brown, thecaudal margins more extensively yellow.
Hab. South India.
Holotype, d~, Singara, Nilgiri Hills, altitude 3400 feet,
May 11, 1948 (P. Susai Nathan).
The most similar described species is Gonomyia (L/pcphleps) nebulosa (de Meijere), of western Java, which differs
in all details of coloration of the body and wings, particularly the pattern of the wings, mesonotum and pleura,and in the venation.

Gonomyia (Lipophleps) tetrastyla, sp. n.
Mesonotum brownish grey, the lateral borders ofpr~escntum narrowly yellow ; caudal border of scutellum
yellow; pleura chiefly darkened, with a broad whitish
longitudinal stripe ; halteres yellow ; legs brownish
yellow, the tarsi darker ; wings with a greyish tinge, thestigmascarcelyindicated ; abdomen conspicuously
banded with dark brown and yellow ; male hypopygiumwith three dististyles, all terminal in position, the intermediate one profoundly divided to give the appearance offour styles on either side ; phallosome without blackened
points.
Male.--Length about 3.3-3-5 ram. ; wing 4-1-4.6 ram.
lgostrum and palpi black. Antennse with basM threesegments yellow, the remainder of flagellum black;flagellar segments long-cylindrical, with very long verticils.
Head light yellow.
Pronotum yellow, narrowly darkened medially; pretergites yellowish white. Mesonotnm brownish grey, thelateral prseseutal borders narrowly yellow; posteriorcallosities of seutum and the caudal border of seutellum
yellow; mediotergite with the antero-lateral portions
yellow, the remainder darkened pruinose. Pleura chiefly
darkened, with a broad whitish longitudinal stripe extending from and including the fore cox~e, passing beneaththe halteres to the abdomen, bordered on either side by anarrow darker brown line ; dorsal pleurotergite and wingroot yellow. Halteres yellow. Legs with the middle

New or little-known ~£ipuiidm.

693

eoxm darkened basMly, the remainder testaeeous; trochanters yellow; femora and tibim brownish yellow;
tarsi passing into brownish black. Wings with a greyish
tinge, the prearcular and costal fiekls light yellow;
stigma very pale brown, scarcely indicated; veins pale
brown, yellow in the more proximal parts of the costal
field. Venation : S% ending a short distance before originof R~s',Sc 2 not far from its tip ; R~' relatively long, strongly
areuated at origin; basal section of R 5 transverse,
elongate, exceeding m ; anterior branch of Rs very gently
sinuous ; m-cu at or close to fork of M ; cell 2nd A broad,the vein gently sinuous.
Abdomen conspicuously banded dark brown andyellow, the tergites dark brown, their posterior borders
broadly light yellow, the lateral margins very narrowly so ;sternites with the pattern generally the same but more
obscured, the yellow more reduced; hypopygium darkeoloured. Male hypopygium with three dististyles, allterminal in position, the intermediate one profoundly
divided to give the appearance of four styles on eitherside. Outer dististyle a long simple rod, slightly dilated
beyond midlength, the tip narrowed into a long straights p i n e ; i n t e r m e d i a t e style with its common base very
short, the outer arm a long simple pale rod, the inner arm
about two-thirds as long, at its tip strongly curved andnarrowed into a black spine, the margin at point ofcurvature with a few strong set~e ; inner style a cylindrical
pMe rod, with scattered coarse set~e. PhMlosome broadly
depressed-flattened, without darkened points.
Hab. South India.
Holotype, (~, Singara, Nilgiri Hills, altitude 3400 feet,
June 1948 (P. Susai Nathan). Paratopotypes, 3 dd.
The most similar regional species is Gonomyia (Lipo~
phleps) flavomarginata Brunetti, which differs in colorationand venation and especially in the quite different malehypopygium.

Molophilu~" (Molophilus ) a,JJ'rictus, sp. n.
Belongs to the gracili8 group and subgroup; allied tocostalis; mesonotum reddish brown; wings with a weakgreyish tinge, the preareular field narrowly whitened;male hypopygium with the basistyle terminating in two
unequal lobes ; three dististyles, two of which appear as
curved hooks, the third a nearly straight rod.
Male.--Length about 3-5 ram. ; wing 3.S ram.

694

Dr. C. P. Alexander o nl£ostrum and palpi black. Antennm with scape darkbrown, pedicel reddish brown ; t i a g e l l u m broken. Headbrownish grey, more yellowed behind.
Pronotum and the very broad lateral pretergites purewhite, conspicuous.
Mesonotum reddish brown, theposterior selerites slightly pruinose; scutellum and adjoining regions concealed in mounting. Pleura pale brown,
vaguely patterned with p a l e r ; v e n t r a l sternopleurite
yellow. Halteres with stem yellow, knob blackened.
Legs with coxm and trochanters yellow; remainder oflegs broken. Wings with a weak greyish tinge, the preareular field narrowly whitened; veins pale brown,trichia darker. Venation : Petiole of cell M a relatively
long, about three and one-half times m-cu; vein 2nd A
gently sinuous, ending just beyond m-cu,
Abdomen dark brown, hyopoygium more brownish
yellow. Male hypopygium with the dorsal lobe of basistyle small and slender, finger-like ; ventral lobe a muchlarger pale club, the setm at apex recurved, near base oflobe with a low lobule or flange. Three sclerotized
appendages, all of' which appear to represent separate
dististyles, including a strong curved hook, its apex drawn
out into a slender spine; a small curved hook from amore dilated base : and a longer nearly straight rod, thesurface with seven or eight strong appressed spines.
zEdcagus long and slender, pale. Phallosomie plate oval,
apparently glabrous.
Hab. Malaya.
Holotype, c5~, Cameron Highlands, Pahang, altitude
4SO0 ibet, J u l y 1948 (N. L. H. Kr~uss).
The superficially similar Molophilus (M olol~hilua ) malaye.nsis Edwards, likewise first described from Cameron'sHighlands, differs conspicuously in the structure of themale hypopygium. I have a paratype for comparison
with the present fly.

Molophilus (Molophilua') laxua, sp. n.
Belongs to the gracili,~" group; general coloration ofnwsonotum reddish brown, the pra~scutum narrowly
darkened medially ; antennae (male) elongate ; wings
with ceii M 3 unusually short, less than its petiole ; malehypopygium with the apical lobe of basistyle unusuallylong and slender ; two simple dististyles, each terminating
in a long black spine.

New or little-known Tipulidm.

695

Male.--Length about 3"8 ram. ; wing 4 mm.
I4ostrum dark brown/ palpi black. Antennae withscape and pedicel testaeeous ; only a part of the third
segment remains, brown, elongate; from this single
segment it seems evident that the antenna is elongate.
Head above testaeeous ; anterior vertex greatly reduced,
the eyes large.
Mesonotum chiefly reddish brown, the central region ofprmseutum more pruinose, with a capillary darker brown
median vitt.a ; seutellum more testaeeous ; central regionof seutum and scutellum narrowly blackened ; postnotum
slightly darkened, the central area sparsely pruinose.
Pleura and pleurotergite chietiy dark brown, variegatedby paler areas, particularly on the sternopleurite andpteropleurite ; a group of unusually long set~e on posterior
part of pteropleurite beneath the wing root. Halteres
infuseated, the base of stein yellow. Legs with eoxm
and troehanters test.aeeous yellow, remainder of legs
brown, the femora somewhat paler at bases. Wings witha greyish tinge, the preareular and costal fields a trifle
more yellowed; veins and maerotriehia brown. Venation : Cell M a unusually short, less than its petiole ; vein
2nd A short but sinuous, ending just beyond the level oforigin of R~'.
Abdomen dark brown; hyopygium yellow. Male
hypopygium with the basistyle at apex produced into along slender rod that is only a little shorter than theremainder of style, narrowed near base, thence gently
dilated, the tip narrowed and glabrous ; mesal face of stylewith two lobes, at apex with a smMl elavate pale lobe,
more eephalad with a stouter dub-shaped appendage.
Two elongate dististyles, both simple, with the distal
third narrowed into a blackened spine ; inner style with a
tbw miseroseopie serrulations befi)re tip. Phallosomie
plate oval, glabrous. _/Edeagus elongate, slender.
Hal). South India.
Holotype, ~, Singara, Nilgiri Hills, altitude 3400 feel:,May 12, 1948 (P. £'vsai 5"athan).
The present fly is quite distinct from other ;indian species
including Molophilus (Molophilu,s') incon~2~i<'usus BrunettJ
M. (M.)assamensis Brunetti, 21//. (M.) ge'vitaIis (Brunetti),
M. (M.) kempi Alexander, and others. It is closest to
species such as assamensia and ke,npi, differing in venstion
and in all details of structure of the male hypopygium.