958

INDIANCRANEFLIESNBWANDLITTLE-KNOWN(DIPTERA: TTPULIDAE)-IV'--r-----,

By CharlesP. Alexander
20 r1t.t r'nr,tt l?nnrl

lrnlrcEt---AassLchusetts,

U.S.A.

Repjn/redfrcnt :ORIENTALINSECTSpubltshedby
THE ASSOCIATIONFOR THE STUDY OF ORIENTALINSECTS
clo DEPARTMENTOF ZOOLOGY, UN|VERSTTY
OF DFLHI
DELHI-7,
IftDIA

Vol.5(l):73-82

J:rnuary 1971

ORIENTAL INSEC'IS

INDIANCRANEFI-,IIiSNEWAI\D LITTLE-I(NOWN(DIPTERA: TIPULIDAE;-I\t
By CharlesP. Alexander
U.S.A.
39 Old Tolrt Road,Amherst,Massaclrusetts,
AssrRacr. Five ne'wspeciesof Indian Tipulidaeare described,thesebcing Litrtottio(Rhipidit) josephi from Uttar Pradesh,and Lintonia (Lintonia)lnteroflava,I''(.'\ talurt'(Elephantomyocles'lgensis,Elaphantortrl,iafulvithot'cx and E.(['.) suffusa,all from Assam.
In addition,figuresof the male hypopygiaof various speciesof the genus Tipula from
India and Thailand,not previouslyillustrated,are provided.

The precedingpart under this generaltitle was published in Oricntql Ins.,
figurcs
heredescribed,
4 :77-87,March t970. In addition to variousnew species<rftlre male hypopygiaof certainspcciesof the qenusTipulo not sltorvniit earlier
papersare provided.
SUI]FAMILY TIPULINAE
1. Tipula (Acutipula)epularisAlexander(Fig.l)
Tipula(Actttipulu)epuluis Alexander,1953,Ann. h[ag. Nat. IIisr., (12) 6 : 745-746.

Type i, Foot of Mount Japvo,Naga Hills. Assam. 1524m, r'. 1952, Ctrll.
(Fig. l).
S. Sircar'. N'lalehypopy-uium
Alexancler(Fig. 2)
2. Tipula (Acutipula)mannheimsiana
Tipuln (Acutipulu)nnnrthcimsiutnAlexander,1953,Arttt. h[ag. Nat. IIist., 113)6:
47.
746-7
T y p e j , F o o t o f Mo u n t Ja p v o, Naga Hills, Assam, 1524 m, v. 19- 52,C ol l .

S. Sircar. Male hypopygium(Fig. 2).
3. Tipula (Acutipula)sircariAlexander (Fig. 3)
Tipula (Acutipula).sircariAlexander, 1953,Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (12\ 6 : 900-902.

Type6f,Footof Mount Japvo,Naga Hills, Assant,1524m, v. l9-52,Coll.
(Fig.3).
S. Sircar. Male hypopygium
Edwards (Fig. a)
4. Tipula (Formotipula)dikchuensis
Tipula (Formotipula)dikchuensisEdwards, 1932,Stylops,l : 238.

Typed, Dikchu, Sikkim,India. Male hypopygium(Fig. 4).
P u b l i s h e dA p r i l l o T l

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ORIENTAL INSECTS

Vol. 5, No. I

5 . Tipula (Formotipula)ishanaAlexander (Fig. 5)
Tipula(Forntotipula)ishanaAlexander,1953,Artn. Mag. Nut. Hist.,(lZ)6: g99-900.

Type d, Foot of MountJapvo,NagaHills, Assam, 1524m, v. 1952,coll.
S. Sircar. Male hypopygium(F:g.5).
6. Tipula (Sivatipula)alhenaAlexancier(Fig. 6)
Tipula alhenaAlexander,1953.Ann. Mttg. Nat. Hist., (lZ) 6 :74g.

Type6f,Doi chom cheng, near Doi Sutep, chiengmai,Thailand. Male
hypopygium(Fig. 6).
SUBFAMTLY LIMONIINAE
TnrsELruoNttNr
7. Limonia(Atlpophthalmus)
kurmaAlexander(Figs.7,12)
Lintonia (Atv'pophthalntus)
ku'ma Alexander, 1965,Phitippine J..Sci.. 9{ : 406-40g.

Type tj, Koti, Pauri Garhrval,Uttar Pradesh,l2l0 m, 23.viii.l95E.Verration(Fig.7),male hypopygium(Fig. l2).
8. Limonia (Goniodineura)siva, nom. nov.
LitrtnobiatrintaculataBrunetti, 1912,Fauna BritisltIrtdiu. Diptcra, Ncntnlot,u.tt, p. 402,
pl.7 fig. I6 (u,ing); nec Limnobia t,imaculeta Zcttcrstedt, 183.8, Ins. Lappon
itrt
Diptera, p. 833.

The necessityof renamingthis preoccupiedspecieshas beenindicated i' 16c
accoutrtcoveringthe Tiptrlidae in the Catalogueof Oriental Diptertt by Alu'xandcr
and Alexander (in press).
A common and widespreadspeciesthroughoutthe Himalaya.
AdditionalRecords.' INota : Urran PReprsH: Pauri Garhu'al, Ger.v. 2090m,
l 6 . v i i i . 1 9 5 8( S c h m i d ) ,P a g n a M a l l a , l 8 l 5 r n , I t . r ' i i i . l 9 5 t i l S c h n r i c l ) .W r : s r
B r N c a r : K u r s e o n g , 1 5 2 4 m , 3 - 5 . v i i . 1 9 0188, . 2 9 r"i . 1 9 0 9( A n n a n d a l e ) . N a p a r :Amlekhgang,26.viir.I 956 (Coher).
9.

Limonia (Limonia) lateroflava,sp.nov.

Thorax chiefly yellow, prescutum with a narrow, brown central stripe,
posteriorscleritespatternedwith darker, pleura uliformly yellow ; Iegs black,femora with a conspicuousyellowsubterminalring ; wingsyellow,patternedwith
brown, Sc short, Sc2ending about oppositeone-fourth Rs, m-cu about four-fifths
its lengthbeforefork of 74, proximal six abdominaltergiteschiefly dark brown,

l97r

ALEXANDER: ON INDIAN TIPULIDAE

75

their basesnarrou'ly yellow,seventhand eighthtergitesand all sternitesorange
yellow.

)

I
S,

Female.'Rostrurnblack,about one-l'ralf
the remainderof head; palpi black.
Antennaewith scapeand pedicelblack,flagellarsegments
vaguelybicolored,palebrowu basally,outer half moreyellowed(outersevensegmentsof type broken).
Head with front silvery Erly, posteriorvertex dark brown, anteriorvertex
llarrow,aboutone-halfthe diameterof the scape.
Pronotum elongate,yellow, narrowly brownish black on central part.
Mesonotal prescutumwith sidesbroadlyyellow, medianareawith two narrow
light br,rwn stripes,slightly morewidenedbeforesuture;scutallobesbrownish
vellow,their medialbordersdark brown,central areaconspicuously
whitened,
thts continuedcaudadacrossthe scutellum,the remainderof the latter darkbroln, parascutella
yellow; mediotergitewith centralpart broadlybrown, sides
and pleurotergite
yellow. Pletirauniformlyyellorv.Haltereswith stembrownish
yellow,knob dark brown. Legswith all coxaearrdtrochanters
yellow; fore legswith femora black,extrenrebaseobscurebrorvnishyellon', w,itha subterminal
yellowring that is subequal
to theblackcned
tip ; renraincls.rof legsblack.Wings
light yellolv, prearcularand costal fi.elds
darker y'cllorv; a cons.picuons
brown
patternthat includes
the stigmaand a confluentareaover anteriorcord, theseslightlydarkerthan othermarkingsthat includethe broad apex, seamsover
cord and outer end of cellI st Mr, and the entirelengthof veinCu in cellM ;otherextensive
brown patternbeyondarculus,at midlengthof cell R, this confluentwith a slightly more basalmark in cell M ; darkenedseamsat outer endof vein M, posterior half of cell Ms, and extensive
clouds in cubital and anal
fields,the largest at midlengtlrof cellCu and outer end of cell I st A, ilvolviug
alsomore than the outerhalf of cell2ndI ; veins yellowin the ground,brownin the patternedareas,darkeston Rs and adjoining veins.Venation: Sc unusuallyshort, Sc, slightlyexceeding,Scr,endingabout oppositeone-fourthRs ;R2faint; slightly oblique,about two-fifthSRr+z; Rs relativelyshort, arcuated;
nl-cuabout four-fiflthsits lengthbeforefork of M.
Abdominaltergiteschieflydark brown,with narrowyellorvbasalrings that
becomenarrower on outer segments,
being scarcely
indicated on fifth segment,
obsoleteon sixth ; seventhand eighth tergitesyellow; sternitesconspicuously
orangeyellow.
Lengthj ?. I I mm, wing l0 mm.
Holotype ?, Ixpra : Asseu : Bomdi La, Kameng, North-East Frontier
Agency,2682m, lS.vii.196l, Coll. Schmid.
The most similar regionalspecies
is Limonia(Limonia) angulo.sa
Alexancler,
whichdiffersin the detailsof coloration,includingthe brownishblackpronotum,
broad darkenedcentral arca of the praescutum,brownish black pleura, anddistinctiveabdominal pattern. In this speciesveinSc is longer and the tips ofthe femoranarrowlyyellowed,

76

ORIINTAL INSECTS

Vol. 5, No. I

sp.nov.
10. Limonia(Limonia)talungensis,
Ceneralcolorationof thorax almostuniformlyyellow,scutallobesand pleura
patternedrvith darker ; legspalebrown, femoraunpatterned; wingspaleyellorv,
pale brown pattern on posterior half, the darkenedcolor
lvith a conspicuous
cellsC and Sc yellow, virtually unsubequalin extentto the groundinterspaces,
patterned.vein Sc long, endingjust beyond origin of Rs, m-cuat fork of M ;male hypopygium rvith dististyle oval, narrowed into a long slenderpoint, onouter margin of body of stylewith a compactgroup of about five long spinoid
setae; aedeagusterminating in trvo large triangular pale blades, the genital
openirrgs
at their bases.
hIele.' Rostrumand palpi dark brown. Antennaebrorvn; proximal flagellar
slightlylonger
segments
suboval,the outeronesgraduallylonger,terminalsegment
than the penultimate. Head dark brown.
Thorax alrnost uniformly yellow, mesoscutallobes darker ; pleura rvith avery vague pale brown stripefrom behind the fore coxae to the postnotum.
Haltercswith stem yellow,knob vaguely more darkened. Legs with coxaeand
trochantersyellow ; remainderof legspale brown,femorawithout pattern; clarvs
long and slender,only slightly curved,at near midlengthwith a long spine,mcrebasallyrvith two smallerblack points. Wings with groundpale yellow,costal
palebrown pattern,field darkeryellorv;posteriorhalf ofrving rvith a conspicuous
subequalin extent to the interspaces; more darkened areasat cord, fork o[
Sc and stigma;cells of anteriorhalf o[ wing chiefly pale yellow,C and ,Sc'
virtually unpatterned; veins yellow. Venation: Sc long, Sc, exceeding
cnding shortly bcyond fork of Rs ; R, faint, about one-half Rr+zi basal
S,:'1,
sectionof Ra1;very strongly arcuated; m-cltat fork of M.
Abdominaltergitesbrolvn,sternitesand hypopygiumsomewhatpaler. Male
hypopygiumwith dististyleoval,narrowedgraduallyinto a long slenderpcint; atrlear oirc-ihirdthe lengthof styleon outermarginwith a compactgroup apparently of five long spinoidsetae; on sidemount a singlestyleremains,shorving
what appcars to be a long paleseta,nearbaseof the beak,directedoutwardly.
Basistyleslightly larger than the dististyle; ventrcmesallobe hemispherical.
rvith mesal-apicallobe a straight darkened blade, the tip acute.
Gonapophysis
distinctive,broad, apexdividedinto two largetriangular pale blades,
Aedeagus
the genital tubesapproximated,their openingsnear the midliae.
Lengtlt.'d, about 7 mm, wing 7.9 mm.
Ilolotype j, Ixorn : Assalt : Talung f)zong, Kameng, North-East FrontierA g e u c y2, 3 7 7m , 6 . v i . 1 9 6 1C, o l l . S c h m i d .
Limonia (Limonia) tolungensisis most sinrilar to L. (L.) favoterntinalis
of Formosa, and L. (L.) sannionis
Alexander,of northernThailand,
AlexandeL,
and hypopygial structurebeingmuch the same,including
the gencralappearartce
the arrarrgcmcntof,thc spinoid setaeon the dististyle. All thrce speciesdiffer

t971

ALEXANDIR : ON INDIAN TII'ULIDAU

77

amongthemselvesin detailsof hypopygialstructure,especiallythe dististyleandaedeaeus.
11. Limonia(Pseudoglochina)
eurymelania
Alexander(Figs.8, l3)
Litrtonla (Psetdoglochina)eurymelanicAlexander,1964, Philippine J. Sci.,93 :471-475.

Type?' Phaileng,Lushai Hills,Mizo District,Assam,1067m, 14.ix.1960,
Coll. Schmid. Verration(Fie.8), malehypopygium(Fig. 13).
12. Limonia(Rhipidia)josephi,sp.nov. (Fig. I l)
Allied to chopraf,differingespeciallyin the structure of the ventromcsal
lobe of the basistyle of the male hypopygium, this being a siugle enlarged
structurethat is apprcximatelyone-thirdthe sizeof the body of style.
fuIale.'Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennaervith scape and pedicel
bror'vn,flagellar segmentswith base and branchesbrorvn, the narrowed outer
endsof a!l btrt the terminal segmentwhitened; first flagellar segmentsimple,
segnrertts 2 to 9 bipectinate, segmentsl0 and I I eachwith a singlebranch,t e r n : i ; r asl e g m e nst i n r p l e ; l o n g e sbt r a n c h e sa t n e a rm i d l e n g t ho f a n t e n n a ,n e a r l y
twice the segments.other branchesshorter. Head dark brown.
Pronottll'll brc-',un. Ir'Iesonotal prescutum brownish gray u,ith poorly
differentiatedbrou tt stlipes.the humeralregionand broad lateral bordersnore
yellorved; posterir-rrscierites of notum grayish brown, discolored in type.
PIeura brou'rtislt-era)' rt ith il narrow very distinct brownish black longitudinals t r i p e e x t e n d i r r gf r o t l r c c r v i c a lr e - q i t - t. on t h e a b d o m c p , i n c l u d i r r gt h e e x t r e m c
b a s e so f h a l t e r e s r, v i l h a f u r t h e rp a l e r b r o r v n I i n e o n s t e r n o p l e u r i t e .H a l t e r e s
with stem pale yellow, knob light brown. Legs with fore and rniddlecoxac
p a l e b r o w t r , p o s t e n ( r p a i r a n d a l l t r o c h a n t e r lsi g h t y e l l o w ; r e m a i n d e r o f l e g s
bron'nish yellow, fernoral basescleareryellow, outer tarsal segmentsmecliumto
dark brown. Wings with ground pale yellow, cxrensively patterned with very
pale brorvn, this more extensive than the ground interspaces ip costalfield;slightly darker, the interspacesvery restricted; veins brown. Venatio. : Sc1
endingnearly oppositentidlengthof ,l?s;cell lst tr[2small,Mr*nslightly shorter
than M4.
Abdominal tergites dark broln, sternites more yellowed, hypopygium
brownishyellow.Male hypopygium(Fig. l1) rvith tergite,/, transverse,
posteriorborder very shallowly emarginate,the Iobes correspondingly low. Basistyle,b, slightly smallerthan the ventral dististyle; ventromesallobe entirely diffeientfrom that of choprai, appearing as a large singlestructurethat is about onethird the areaof remainderof style, the apical angl: with about three enlarged
setae. Dorsal dististyle, d, very long and slender,at outer fourth stropgly
bent, terminatingabruptly in an acute spine; ventral style with rostral piolongationunusuallylong and slender,nearlystraight; spinesthree,small, slightly

78

ORIENTAL INSECTS

Vol. 5, No. I

promorc than one-half the lengthof prolongationbeyond,placedon faceof
longation,their dilatedbasescontiguous. Gonapophysis,g, with mesal'apical, a, rclativelybroad,especiallythe basalhalf'
lobi darkcned,erect. Aedeagus
Lengtlt.',J, about 6 mm, wing 7 mm, antennaabout 2'8mm'Holotyped,INor.4: tlrrnn PnaoEsH: Gwaldam, Pauri Garhwal, Kumaott,
1829rn,27 ix.l958,Coll. Schmid.
is namedfor Dr. A.N.T. Joseph,in chargeof the collectionsof
The species
Dipterain thc Indian Museum.
in
The generally similar Limonia (Rh;piclia)choprai(Alexander),described
wasRec.InrlianMusium,29: 184-186,fig.4 (venation,J hypopygium),1927,
isdescribedfrom Simla, in the western Himalaya. The speciespresently
known to me from variousstationsin Almora and Pauri Garhwal, Kumaon'ol theAs wil be seen from the figure of choprai abovecited the basistyle
hypopygiumis eltirely different from that of the presentfly whereasotherfeaturesin the trvo fliesare generallysimilar.It may be rtotedthat inthe oiiginaldescriptionof the type the tt:reerostral spinesof the hypopygiumare some$hat
longer ald more oblique in positionthal in the presentfly but this character
appearsto be variable. Ole male of what seemscertailly to representthis
even
has the rostral prolongation(Phurkia,Almora, 2593m,13.ix.195S)
species
spineslongerand more slenderthan in the presentfly but with the three rostral
I considerthe identification
unusually shortand erect. Despitethesedifferencesof the structureof the basistylethat agreesclosely
1s being correct because
there is marked variation
rvith that of the type of choprai. Also in this species
i1 the wing pattern, the maleshaving the wingsmore nearlyutlicolorousthan
inin the femaleswherethe dotted brown pattcrn is evenmore accentuatedthan
the male of josephi.
Tntg[ Hrxnloull'iI
fulvithorax, sp.nov.(Fig. 9)(Elephantomyodes)
13. Elephantomyia
Thoracic dorsum fulvous anteriorly,more orange behind, pleura chiefly
two and three,dark brown ; antennaewith long setae;legsblack,tarsal segmentswith t1e narrow apexof the basitarsus,white ; wings weakly infuscated'withdarkenedcostalregionanda darker pattern that includes the conspicuously
broad seamsover cord and outer end of cell I st Mz.
Male.'Rostrum nearlyone-halfthe remainder of body, dark brown, withterminal segmenta
abundant long appressedsetae. Antennae l5-segmented,
microscopicthimble-shapedstructure; first flagellarsegmentwithout major
setae or verticils,the others,through the penultimate,with long setae,thethreetimes the segmcnt. In aflIttensthe verticils are still
extremeexceeding
q11s
QVO|I
lolger, the extremecxceedingfour tirnes the scgmcnts,the tcrminal

197|

ALEXANDER: ON INDIAN TIPULIDAE

79

more reduced,the first flagellar segmcnt efongate, nearly trvice the second.
Head dark brown.
Prothorax, including the dorsopleuralmembrane,brown. Mesonotal prescutum with four dark fulvous stripesthat are scarcelydifferentiatedfrom theinterspaces,
the centralvitta darker on anterior half, becoming obsolete betbre suture; posterior scleritesof notum, includingthe pleurotergite,clearlighttheorange. Pleuradark brown, including the propleura and mesepisternum,
posterior sclerites, including the pteropleurite and meron, obscure orange.
Haltereswith stemlight brown, knob black. Legswith fore and middle coxae
and trochantersdark brown, posteriorcoxaeand trochantersyellow ; femora,
tibiae and most of'basitarsiblack, the apical tenth of latter and all of segments
two and three whitened, four and five black. Wings (Fig. 9) very similar toffiuens, the ground slightly darker, costal darkening virtually identical,
darkencd seamsover cord and outcr cnd of cell /.1/ A,[, broader. Macrotrichia
restrictedto veinsbeyondcord behind vein R ; in a.ffluerswith trichia on outer
endsof all basalvejns,includingboth Anals.Venation: Cell lst Mz longerthan
in aflluens,subequal to distal section of vein AI, ; tlt-cuat nearmidlengthofMrnn'vaguelyreddish
segments
Abdominal tcrgitesblack, basesof intermediateyellorv, broader and conspicuousor1 basal sterrtites; subterminalsegments
hypopygiumbrown.
uniformlyblackened,alone
Length.' J, exclrrdingrostrutn,about9,5 mm, wing9.5 nrm,rostrLlnl
4 . 3m m , a n t e n n a b o u t1 . 4n r m .
Holotypej, Ixoll : Assnu: Nakhu,Kamcng,North-EastFrontierAgency,
1 4 5 5m . 3 . v i i . 1 9 6 C
1 ,o l l .S c h m i d .
The most similar regional speciesis Elephantomyia(Elephantomyodes)
ffiuens Alexanderof South India, which has the wing and leg patterns
the same,differingevidentlyin the colorationof the thoraxwhichis
generally
gray, thc prescutumrvith four dark brown stripes. Somc
dark plumbeous
in the abovedescription.
havebeenindicatedfurtbcrdistinctions
suffusa,sp.rtcv.(Fi-e.10)
14, Elepbantomyia(Elephantont"vodes)
Mesonotal prescutumlight broln, darkcr medially in front, posteriorof notum brownishyellorv,plcuraycllcu'edposteriorly,brown in front ;sclerites
rostrum subequalin lengthto remaindcrof body ; Iegsyellowishbrown, basitarsi
two andwith proximaltwo-thirdsbroln, the remainder,togetherwith segments
three, white ; wings vreaklytingedu'ith brown, costalborder,includingcellsC,
less than vein
S-cand the stigma, darker brolu, ccll Ist M" short-rectangular,
black.
Ma; abdominaltergitesbrownishblack,outcr segnrcnts
Mole.'Rostrurnnearlyas lorrgas remainderof body, dark browu. Antettna
black ; flagellarsegmentselongate,the sctae or verticilsvery long, the longest

80

ORIENTAL INSECTS

Vol. 5, No. I

more than two a1d one-halftimes the segment. Head gray ; eyes of rnale verylarge.
Pronotum brown. Mesonotal prescutum light brown laterallyand behind,the anteriorhalf of centralareadarkerbrown,posteriorscleritesof notum brownish yellow. Pleurabroln anteriorly, includingthe propleuraand rnesepisternum, posterior sclerites,including the pteropleurite, meron and metapleura,yellowed,cleareryellowbehind. Haltereswith stembrown, basenarrowly lightyellow, knob dark brown. Legswith fore and middle coxaeinfuscatedanteriorly,
yellowedbehind, posteriorcoxaeand alt trochantersclear yellow ; femora andtibiae yellowish brown ; basitarsiwith proximal two-thirdsbrown, remainder,
with segmentstwo and three, snowy white, outer segmentsbrown. Wings(Fig. 10) weaklytingedwith brown, cells C, Sc, and the stigma, slightly darker
brown ; veins very delicate,browrr. Venation: Sr', endiirgshortlybeforefork
at origin ;of Rs, Sc, closeto its tip ; anteriorbranchof Rs neal'lyperpendicularless than vein .Lfa; rtt-t'ltitl tleAronecell lst M, relativelyshort'rectangular,
third Mrrn; cell 2ndA narrow,longerthan in aurantia.
Abdominal tergites brownish black, the basal rings of the tnoreproximal
segmentsslightly palcr, outer scgtticnts,including hypopygium,black ; proximal sternitcsobscurebrownishyellow.
Length.' il, excludingrostrum, about 7 mm, wing 6.5 mm, rostrum alotte
about 6.8 mm, antennaabottt1.7mm.
Holotype j. h.tpln : Ass,rtrr: ,Ama.tulla,Kanreng. North-East Frontier
C.o l l . S c h m i d .
A g e n c y3, 9 6 m ,2 3 . v . 1 9 6 1
In its unpatternedwings the prcscntfly, is nrostsinrilarto Elepluirttortt)titt(Elephorttontyo,Jes)
erurantia(Brunetti) which differs evidentlyin the almost uniformly orange color of the body, includirrgmost of the body, rind in the clear
wings.
AcxNowLEDcMENrs.All students of Orientral Diptera, and particularlyof the Tipulidae,are indebted to Dr. L. S. Chandrakant,Joint Educational
Aclviser(Technical)of the Mrnistry of Education of India and to Dr. A.P.
Kapur, Director of the Zoological Survey of India, for granting permission
to Dr. Joscphto make dissectionsand detailed studies of type materials ofcertain speciesof Tipulidae describedby the late Enrico Brunetti and now
preservedin the collectionof the Zoological Survey. Without such critical reexaminartionand study the identities of many of thesespecieswill remainin
doubt.

t97l

AIEXANDER : ON INDIAN TIPULIDAE

8l

6
Figs. l'6. Male hypopygium of l, Tipula (Acutipula) epularis Alexander; 2,
Tipula (Acutipula) mannheimsianaAlexander; 3, Tipula (Acutipula) sircari Alexander;
4, Tipula (Formotipula) dikchuensis Edwards ; 5, Tipula (Formotipula) ishana
Alexander; 6, Tipula (sivatipula) alhena Alexandgr, (Symbols: d, dististyte ; p,phallosome; s, 8th sternite; t, 9th tergite).

ORIENTAL INSECTS

82

Vol. 5, No. I+)ll,tt-rl

V^VV
B,t

/'ul

ilrti

t2
kurmaAlexander;8, Limonia
Figs. 7-10. venation of 7, Lintonia(Atypophthalmus)
fulvithoeurymelaninAlexandet ; g, Elephantomyia(Elephantomyodes)(Pseucloglochina)Malell-13'
sp.nov'Figs'
sufuso,(Elephantoml'ocles)
r4x, sp.nov.; 10, El'ephanromyia(Atypophthalmus
Lirnonia
hypopygiumof 11, Lintonia(Rhip;4iu,ioscphi, sp.nov.; 12,
Alexander' (Symbolseur)'melonia(Pseurloglochina)
kurttra Alexander; 13, Limtottia
phallosome; t' 9thp'
gonapophysis;a, aedeagus; b, basistyle; d, dististyle; g,tergite).