allPIXA camera | Manual

CD40067 R04
2018-07-12

Table of Contents
1

General Information ....................................................................................................................... 8
1.1
About Chromasens ................................................................................................................... 8Contact information............................................................................................................ 8
Support .............................................................................................................................. 8
1.2
Firmware and software version in this manual ......................................................................... 9
1.3
List of abbreviations .................................................................................................................. 9
1.4
Definitions ............................................................................................................................... 10
1.5
Scope of supply of the allPIXA camera .................................................................................. 11
1.6
Information about CST ............................................................................................................ 11
1.7
Design of a line scan camera system ..................................................................................... 12

2

allPIXA camera - overview .......................................................................................................... 13
2.1
allPIXA camera highlights ....................................................................................................... 13
2.2
Technical data ......................................................................................................................... 14
2.3
Mechanical dimensions of the allPIXA camera....................................................................... 15
Mechanical dimensions of the allPIXA camera up to 4,096 pixels .................................. 15
Mechanical dimensions of the 7,300 pixel allPIXA camera ............................................. 16
2.4
Ambient conditions .................................................................................................................. 16

3

Safety............................................................................................................................................. 17
3.1
Depiction of safety instructions ............................................................................................... 17
3.2
Basic safety regulations .......................................................................................................... 17
3.3
Safety instructions on the allPIXA camera .............................................................................. 18
3.4
Purpose / applications ............................................................................................................. 18
3.5
Staff requirements ................................................................................................................... 19
3.6
Organisational measurements ................................................................................................ 19
3.7
Safety instructions for maintenance / cleaning ....................................................................... 19

4

allPIXA camera - Design and functions ..................................................................................... 20
4.1
Basic design of the allPIXA camera........................................................................................ 20
4.2
Design of the allPIXA camera line scan sensor ...................................................................... 21
4.3
Sensor allignment and orientation .......................................................................................... 22
4.4
The allPIXA camera line scan sensor readout principle ......................................................... 23
4.5
Spectral sensitivity of the allPIXA camera line scan sensor ................................................... 23
4.6
Image processing .................................................................................................................... 24
Analog / digital image processing .................................................................................... 24
Image information output on the CameraLink ................................................................. 26
4.7Black-level correction and shading (flat-field) correction ........................................................ 28
4.8
Image mode ............................................................................................................................ 29
4.9
Monochrome image acquisition .............................................................................................. 29
4.10White balancing with a closed-loop control ......................................................................... 30
4.11
Setting concept .................................................................................................................... 31
Restore factory default..................................................................................................... 31

5

allPIXA camera - Connections and status LED ......................................................................... 32
5.1
Status LED .............................................................................................................................. 32

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5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7

Power supply .......................................................................................................................... 33
Config UART (serial RS 232) .................................................................................................. 33
Digital IO port .......................................................................................................................... 34
LVCMOS and RS422 levels ............................................................................................ 35
Video CameraLink port 1 ........................................................................................................ 35
Video CameraLink port 2 ........................................................................................................ 36
Optical accessories ................................................................................................................. 37
Lenses and mounts ......................................................................................................... 37
Accessories for 7,300 camera W-Series: ........................................................................ 39
Accessories for 2,048 & 4,096 camera S-Series: ............................................................ 40
Mounting of the extension tube systems ......................................................................... 41
Mounting of a lens adapter ring ....................................................................................... 42

6

Getting started .............................................................................................................................. 43
6.1
Pre-setup................................................................................................................................. 43
6.2
Application Setup .................................................................................................................... 43
6.3
Setting the system into operational state ................................................................................ 44
6.4
Adjusting the camera settings to your operating condition ..................................................... 44
6.5
Digital processing and digital line trigger ................................................................................ 46

7

Installing the allPIXA camera ...................................................................................................... 47
7.1
Mechanical installation ............................................................................................................ 47
7.2
Thermal links / cooling ............................................................................................................ 47
7.3
Preventing installation errors .................................................................................................. 47
Conveyor belt tracking ..................................................................................................... 47
Perpendicularity of the sensor to the direction of transport ............................................. 48
Rotation around the longitudinal axis of the line scan sensor ......................................... 48
Rotation around the transverse axis of the line sensor ................................................... 49
Alignment of the allPIXA camera ..................................................................................... 50
7.4
Electrical installation ............................................................................................................... 51
7.5
Connecting the camera to the PC ........................................................................................... 52

8

Installing the Camera Setup Tool (CST) .................................................................................... 53
8.1
System Requirements............................................................................................................. 53
8.2
Installing the CST Software .................................................................................................... 53
8.3
Establishing communication between camera and PC .......................................................... 55

9

CST program window .................................................................................................................. 57
9.1
Toolbar .................................................................................................................................... 57
9.2
CST menu bar ......................................................................................................................... 59
9.3
Basic camera parameter settings (overview).......................................................................... 61
Camera parameters ......................................................................................................... 61
Image parameters............................................................................................................ 65
Special functions .............................................................................................................. 67
General information ......................................................................................................... 68
Global parameters ........................................................................................................... 68
9.4
Opening serial connection to a camera .................................................................................. 69
9.5
Transfering data to the camera ............................................................................................... 69
9.6
Saving data to the camera permanently ................................................................................. 70
9.7
Refreshing data from the camera in CST ............................................................................... 70
9.8
Selecting a setting on the camera .......................................................................................... 71

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9.9

9.10
9.11
9.12
9.13
9.14
9.15
9.16
9.17
9.18
9.19

Saving settings to the PC........................................................................................................ 71
Saving settings from CST to hard disk: ........................................................................... 71
Saving settings from the camera to hard disk: ................................................................ 71
Transferring saved settings from the PC to the camera ..................................................... 72
Deleting settings on the camera.......................................................................................... 73
Line trigger and encoder settings ........................................................................................ 74
IO configuration ................................................................................................................... 74
Encoder - enable increments setting ............................................................................... 75
Setting the user level in CST ............................................................................................... 76
Resetting the camera .......................................................................................................... 76
Checking the camera state ................................................................................................. 77
Edit color conversion (correction) matrix ............................................................................. 77
Choosing a different configuration file for the parameter display ........................................ 78
Register Edit ........................................................................................................................ 79

10
allPIXA setup ............................................................................................................................. 80
10.1
Simple setup for a fast ready-to-operate state .................................................................... 80
10.2
Performing a white balancing on the camera ...................................................................... 84
Setting the operation point automatically......................................................................... 84
Setting the operation point manually ............................................................................... 86
10.3
Performing a tap balancing ................................................................................................. 93
10.4
Generating black (offset) reference..................................................................................... 94
Loading a reference image from disk .............................................................................. 95
Preparing the camera to acquire a raw reference ........................................................... 98
Creating a black-level reference internally .................................................................... 102
10.5
Generating shading/flat-field reference ............................................................................. 104
Loading a reference image from disk ............................................................................ 106
Preparing the camera to acquire raw image ................................................................. 111
Creating a white (gain) reference internally ................................................................... 118
10.6
Using continuous white control ......................................................................................... 122
Continuous operating point adjustment at the edges .................................................... 122
Image-synchronous operating point adjustment on the object (ROI) ............................ 124
10.7
Updating the firmware of the allPIXA camera ................................................................... 126
11
Camera parameters ................................................................................................................ 131
11.1
Integration time parameters .............................................................................................. 131
Integration time .............................................................................................................. 131
Use line period ............................................................................................................... 131
Line period time ............................................................................................................. 132
11.2
Gain settings ..................................................................................................................... 132
Analog coarse gain ........................................................................................................ 132
Current camera gain values .......................................................................................... 133
Camera startup gain values ........................................................................................... 133
Store White balancing parameter .................................................................................. 134
Copy White balancing parameter .................................................................................. 134
Update camera startup gain values ............................................................................... 135
11.3
White reference mark ........................................................................................................ 136
Position and size in CCD direction ................................................................................ 136
Position and size in transport direction (sync. mode) .................................................... 137
First relative pixel of white reference ............................................................................. 137
First absolute pixel of white reference ........................................................................... 138

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4Use absolute horizontal position of white reference ...................................................... 138
Number of pixels for white reference ............................................................................. 138
First image line for the white reference ......................................................................... 139
Number of image lines for the white reference .............................................................. 139
Number of reference samples (Average) ...................................................................... 139
Show white reference border ..................................................................................... 140
White control ..................................................................................................................... 140
Target white reference values ....................................................................................... 140
Current white reference values ...................................................................................... 141
Enable continuous white control .................................................................................... 141
Position and mode for white reference mark ................................................................. 142
White control mode ........................................................................................................ 142
Gain control stop factor ................................................................................................. 143
Set gain control stop by variance .................................................................................. 144
Select active channels for white control ........................................................................ 144
Reference usage ............................................................................................................... 145
Black-level (offset) correction ........................................................................................ 145
Black reference data set ................................................................................................ 145
White-level (flat-field) correction .................................................................................... 146
White reference data set ............................................................................................... 146
Brightness and contrast .................................................................................................... 147
Use brightness and contrast .......................................................................................... 147
Brightness ...................................................................................................................... 147
Contrast ......................................................................................................................... 148
Camera arrangement ........................................................................................................ 149
Set RGB line distance.................................................................................................... 149
Set scan direction .......................................................................................................... 151
Enable suppression of lines/frame due to encoder direction......................................... 152
Mode of lines/frame suppression ................................................................................... 153
Image Sizes ....................................................................................................................... 153
Number of scan lines per image .................................................................................... 153
Image start delay (lines) ................................................................................................ 154
Scan line length ............................................................................................................. 155
Horizontal binning .......................................................................................................... 156
Number of suppressed lines .......................................................................................... 156
Synchronization (frame synchronization) .......................................................................... 157
Triggered frame scan..................................................................................................... 157
Scan lines after stop ...................................................................................................... 159
Stop after maximum number of lines ............................................................................. 160
Maximum number of scan lines ..................................................................................... 160
Internal frame trigger ..................................................................................................... 161

11.4

11.5

11.6

11.7

11.8

11.9

11.9.5.1
11.9.5.2
11.9.5.3
11.9.5.4
11.9.5.5
11.9.5.6

11.10

ROI start ............................................................................................................................... 161
ROI length ............................................................................................................................ 162
Rising level ........................................................................................................................... 162
Falling level .......................................................................................................................... 162
Color channel ....................................................................................................................... 163
ROI visible ............................................................................................................................ 163

Input debouncing speed (Frame trigger) ....................................................................... 164
Scan pattern .................................................................................................................. 164
Master/slave .................................................................................................................. 166
Image processing .............................................................................................................. 169
Mirror image horizontally ............................................................................................ 169
Swap red and blue color channel ............................................................................... 170

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511.11Gamma correction...................................................................................................... 170
Color conversion matrix ............................................................................................. 171
Select active CCM...................................................................................................... 171
Use keystone correction ............................................................................................ 172
Pixel shift for correction .............................................................................................. 173
Keystone correction width .......................................................................................... 173
Output format .................................................................................................................... 174
Video output mode ..................................................................................................... 174
Color weights ............................................................................................................. 174
CameraLink connection speed .................................................................................. 175
Type of CameraLink interface .................................................................................... 175
Insert mode ................................................................................................................ 176

11.11.5.1
11.11.5.2

11.12

11.13
11.14

11.15

11.16

First line information ............................................................................................................. 177
Each line information ............................................................................................................ 178

Information insertion mode ........................................................................................ 180
Special functions ............................................................................................................... 181
Test pattern ................................................................................................................ 181
Set Test pattern level ................................................................................................. 182
Register edit ...................................................................................................................... 183
Camera information ........................................................................................................... 183
Camera serial number................................................................................................ 183
Setting description...................................................................................................... 184
Global Parameters ............................................................................................................ 184
Global master/slave config ......................................................................................... 184
Tracing ....................................................................................................................... 185
Line trigger and encoder setup (Line synchronisation) ..................................................... 185
Enable encoder .......................................................................................................... 185
Synchronization mode ............................................................................................... 186
Encoder channels ...................................................................................................... 187
Average size for the encoder ..................................................................................... 188
Encoder resolution ..................................................................................................... 188
Vertical image resolution ............................................................................................ 189
Line trigger / encoder reduction ................................................................................. 190

12
Appendix ................................................................................................................................. 191
12.1
Calculations ....................................................................................................................... 191
Calculating the object-to-image distance ...................................................................... 191
Calculating the distance rings for the allPIXA camera .................................................. 192
Calculating the integration time ..................................................................................... 193
Communication to the camera via the Chromasens API ............................................... 194
13
Maintenance and cleaning of the allPIXA camera ............................................................... 195
13.1
Cleaning intervals .............................................................................................................. 195
13.2
Cleaning process............................................................................................................... 195
14Service and repair .................................................................................................................. 196
14.1
Return address for repair .................................................................................................. 196
14.2
Disposal ............................................................................................................................. 196
15

EC conformity declaration ..................................................................................................... 197

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1

General Information

1.1

About Chromasens
The name of our company, Chromasens, is a combination of 'Chroma' which means color, and'Sens' which stands for sensor technology.
Chromasens designs, develops and produces high-quality and user-friendly products:Line scan cameras



Camera systems



Camera illumination systems

Image acquisition systems

Image processing solutions

Today, Chromasens GmbH is experiencing steady growth and is continually penetrating newsales markets around the globe. The company's technologies are used, for example, in products
and for applications such as book and document scanners, sorting systems and inspection
systems for quality assurance monitoring.
Customers from all over the world of a wide range of industrial sectors have placed their trust in
the experience of Chromasens in the field of industrial image processing.

Contact information
Chromasens GmbH
Max-Stromeyer-Str. 116
78467 Konstanz
Germany
Phone: +49 (0) 7531 / 876-0
Fax:+49 (0) 7531 / 876-303
Email: info@chromasens.deHP:www.chromasens.de

SupportShould you ever have problems with the allPIXA camera that you cannot solve by yourself,
please look into this manual for additional information, contact your local distributor, or send us
an e-mail.
Chromasens GmbH
Max-Stromeyer-Str. 116
78467 Konstanz
Germany
Phone: +49 (0) 7531 / 876-500
Fax:+49 (0) 7531 / 876-303
Email: support@chromasens.deHP:www.chromasens.de
Visit our website at http://www.chromasens.de which features detailed information on ourcompany and products.

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1.2

Firmware and software version in this manualThis document refers to the following version:
CST:
Camera:Version 2.8 (at least)
Packet 1.70 (at least)

The recent version might have additional functions. Therefore, please contact the Chromasens
support.

1.3

List of abbreviations
Abbreviation

Meaning

Explanation

ADC

Analog digital converter-

CCM

Color conversion matrix

The CCM supports the conversion fromfor example RGB to sRGB or any userdefined conversion

CDS

Correlated double sampling-

CST

Camera setup tool

Chromasens camera parameter
programming software

DSNU

Dark signal non-uniformity

Irregularity in the dark image

DVAL

Data valid

Pixel-by-pixel enabled for Camera Link

FVAL

Frame valid

Frame signal for an image on the
Camera Link (corresponds to VSync)

HSync

Horizontal synchronization

Frame signal for a line

LED

Light emitting diode

-

LVAL

Line valid

Frame signal for a line on the Camera
Link (corresponds to HSync)

PRNU

Photo response non-uniformity

Difference in sensitivity of the individual
pixelsROI

Region of interest-

SLL

Scan line length

Number of pixels per line

VSync

Vertical synchronization

Frame signal for an image

ZRAM

Line buffer

Memory for RGB line distance (spatial
correction)

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1.4

Definitions
Chromasens

Other used definitions

Explanation

Black-level correction

Background subtract,
Offset correction

Removes the dark offset fromeach pixel

Shading correction

Flat-field correction

Corrects brightness
inhomogeneities resulting fromlens, light and non-uniformity of
sensor pixels

RGB line distanceLine shift;Spatial correction

The tri-linear sensor has
individual pixel lines for red, green
and blue. Inside the camera, thespatial differences are corrected.

White balancing

Setting the operation point

White balancing ensures that areference white is kept stable in
an image with color temperatureor brightness changes in theillumination. This can be done in asingle setup process or in apermanent process.

White reference

The white reference is a physicalpatch in the field of view of thecamera that can be used for acamera-internal white balancing.

Tap balance

The sensor has two taps. Tapbalance ensures that both taps
have the same signal levels at thejunction for the same brightness.

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1.5

Scope of supply of the allPIXA camera
Please check your device upon delivery to ensure that it is undamaged and complete.
The following components are supplied with the allPIXA camera:


allPIXA camera packaging
Check the packaging for damage which may have occurred during transport.



allPIXA camera
Check the camera for damage which may have occurred during transport.
The rating plate is located on the rear of the allPIXA camera. It shows the camera resolution
and the serial number.

Additionally ordered and supplied accessories
Lens adapters, extension rings, lenses and other accessories are not included in thestandard scope of delivery. These items must be ordered separately as accessories.
Check additionally ordered accessories for completeness and for damage which may haveoccurred during transport.

Read this manual carefully before using the camera, contacting your local partners or the
Chromasens support.
Should there be any questions left, do not hesitate to contact your local partner or us.
We would be pleased to be of assistance to you.

1.6

Information about CST
CST = Camera Setup Tool
To download the newest version, refer to our website at http://www.chromasens.de.
To be able to log in, a registration is needed.
Before you install and use CST, please check whether there is a recent CST or manual version
available. You can find the Software on the Chromasens homepage at Products  Line Scan
Camera allPIXA.
If you already have an installed version of the CST, you can check the version number using
the Help menu.
For more information about CST, see chapter 9 “CST program window”.

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1.7

Design of a line scan camera system
The following figure demonstrates the basic setup of a typical line scan camera system

Figure 1: Design of a line scan camera application
The following components are necessary in a typical line scan camera application

ComponentNo.

Line scan camera: An allPIXA camera which scans the image line-by-line andcommunicates with the frame grabber (5, PC plug-in card).

1

The optical system: Optical lenses with tubes and mounts with an adjusted
focusing

2

Illumination: The illumination system lights up the information carrier/scan area on
the passing object. The Chromasens Corona II illumination system is an ideal
supplementary option for the allPIXA camera.

3

Illumination controller: Controls and monitors the illumination unit. The
Chromasens Corona II illumination (3) has integrated temperature/voltage sensors
which can be read out with the XLC4 controller. By using the XLC4 controller, theillumination unit can be monitored and kept stable.

4

Frame grabber (PC plug-in card): The image data are sent to a PC by means ofa frame grabber with a CameraLink interface. The frame grabber establishes thenecessary hardware connection to the PC (6).

5

PC: The PC system serves for subsequent processing of the image data and canoptionally control the illumination system (3 + 4).

6

Speed detection: The speed of the object / conveyor belt can be detected bymeans of an optional incremental encoder. The encoder can be connected either
to the allPIXA camera or to the frame grabber.

7

Conveying unit: The conveying unit moves the scanned object past the allPIXA
camera8Power supply: Both, the allPIXA camera and the illumination system, require a
suitable power supply.

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2

allPIXA camera - overview
The allPIXA camera family is available in the following maximum resolutions / line
frequencies:

2,048 pixels / max. 60,6 kHz

4,096 pixels / max. 34,4 kHz7,300 pixels / max. 21.2 kHz

If you are interested in further resolutions, do not hesitate to contact us.
The allPIXA camera provides all functions required for supplying images with the same color,brightness and resolution of each operational area.
The allPIXA camera is particularly suitable for inspection systems requiring a very high speed
and a consistently high color quality.
Continuous white balancing is possible during image acquisition to ensure optimum color
quality. In addition, offset and shading correction ensure the balance of different color pixel
sensitivities (DSNU and PRNU) as well as the illumination process.
Via frame grabber, the incremental encoder can be either connected to the CC bits of the
CameraLink interface or directly to the allPIXA camera. As a result, images with a consistentquality can be generated even at transport speeds with a high fluctuation rate.
The allPIXA camera parameters can be set with the CST software tool. Equipped with a
CameraLink interface (medium), the allPIXA camera achieves a data rate of 170 megapixels
per second with 24 bit RGB, which is equal to 510 Mbytes/s.
By using the allPIXA camera, you can also output monochrome / grayscale images.
The design was fully revised during development of the housing which is impressively tough but
offers a number of screw mounting options. A wide range of adapter options makes theinstallation simple for users.
Modularity of the allPIXA camera permits the use of various lenses like C-mount, F-mount,M39x1/26“, M42x1, and M72x0.75 connections. In addition, the modular focus of LINOS /Qioptics is supported, and thus the allPIXA camera can be combined with all commerciallyavailable standard lenses.

2.1

allPIXA camera highlights
Trilinear color line scan camera (trilinear CCD line scan sensor)



10 µm pixel sizeHigh-accuracy sensor alignment24 bit (3x8 bit) color information on the output sideMaximum data rate of 170 MPx/s (24Bit RGB) – 510 MB/sInternal 14-bit A/D conversion per color channel

RGB spatial compensation in the camera (also sub-pixel correction)

Shading correction, optionally calculated offline with CST or internally in the camera

Gamma correction, brightness and contrast controller, separate for each channelColor conversion matrix (CCM)Continuous white balancing maintains a constant image brightness and color, irrespectiveof the temperature and service life of the illumination systemIntelligent camera control by a 16-bit controller

FPGA-based image processingRobust metal housing

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2.2



Connection of a wide range of lenses, possible for the use of special lens adaptersC-mount, F-mount, M39x1/26", M42x1, M72x0.75, modular focus (Qioptics / Germany)

Other mounts and customized solutions on requestIncremental encoder port on the camera; this ensures simple handling and lessprogramming workInternal test image generator



Option for area scanning with trigger inputs (light barriers)

Technical data
Sensor

Trilinear CCD color line sensor

Pixel size

10 µm x 10 µm (10 µm pitch)Line spacing

40 µm center distance R-G and G-B

Maximum data rate on the
Camera Link

170 megapixels/s 24Bit RGB | 510 Mbytes/s

Resolution

1,024 (Only OEM) / 2,048 / 4,096 / 7,300 px
Other sensor resolutions are available on request

Maximum line frequency

1,024 pixels: 110 kHz (only in special OEM configurations)
2,048 pixels: 60,7 kHz
4,096 pixels: 34,4 kHz
7,300 pixels: 21.2 kHz

Spectral sensitivity

360 nm to 960 nm

Video signal

3x8 bit on the CameraLink, 3x14 bit ADC

Interface

CameraLink medium with 85 MHz

Line scan operating mode

Free-running / external trigger(incremental encoder / line trigger)

Area scan operating mode

Image size either free-running, fixed or based on trigger
pulse width

Other interfaces

Power supply (6 pin Hirose, male)External IO (15 pin D-Sub, female)
Serial RS-232 (9 pin D-Sub, female)C-mount, F-mount, M39x1/26“, M42x1,

Camera mountM72x0.75, modular focus (LINOS / Qioptics), lens adapter
and extension tubes

Certifications

CE, FCC, RoHS

Power supply

24 VDC +/- 10 %; 1A; typical 16 W

Operating temperature

0°C to 60°C; 32°F to 140°F (housing temp.)

Housing dimensions

L = 102 mm, H = 126 mm, D = 68 mm

Weight

1.2 kgNOTE

Depending on the power supply the power consumption might be up to 1
ampere at power up for a short time. It is recommended to provide a power
supply with 24VDC/1amp or with higher possible power consumption.

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2.3

Mechanical dimensions of the allPIXA camera
Mechanical dimensions of the allPIXA camera up to 4,096 pixels

Figure 2: Mechanical dimensions of the allPIXA camera with up to 4,096 pixels
NOTE I

Drawings and 3D-CAD-models are available on our homepage
http://www.chromasens.de/user

NOTE II

For the XYZ coordinate system and for sensor alignment, refer to section 4.2“Design of the allPIXA camera line scan sensor” and sensor alignment

NOTE IIIFor the optical path extension, refer to section 4.3

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Mechanical dimensions of the 7,300 pixel allPIXA camera

Figure 3: Mechanical dimensions of the allPIXA camera with 7,300 pixels

2.4

NOTE I

Drawings and 3D-CAD-models are available on our homepage
http://www.chromasens.de/user

NOTE II

For the XYZ coordinate system and for sensor alignment, refer to section 4.2“Design of the allPIXA camera line scan sensor” and sensor alignment

NOTE IIIFor the optical path extension, refer to section 4.3

Ambient conditions
Value
Ambient temperature during camera operation

0º C to 60 ºC; + 32 °F to 140 °F

Air humidity during camera operation

20% - 85% relative air humidity,
non-condensing

Storage / transport temperature-20 ºC - +85 ºC; -4 °F - +185 °F

Protection category

IP50

General ambient conditions
Operation

IEC 721-3-3:IE33

Transport

IEC 721-3-2:IE21

Storage

IEC 721-3-1:IE11

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3

Safety3.1

Depiction of safety instructions
Safety-relevant information is indicated in this manual as follows:

WARNING
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation or task, which, if not avoided,
could result in serious injury or death.

CAUTION
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation or task, which, if not avoided,
may result in minor or moderate injury.

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation or task, which, if not avoided, could
result in damage to the product or the surrounding environment.

3.2

Basic safety regulations
The basic safety regulations always observe the following:

Do not attempt to install the device or start operation before you have read all supplied
documentation carefully and have understood its contents.

Safe and correct operation of the device requires correct and appropriate transport,
storage, mounting, and installation as well as careful operation and maintenance.

Operation of the allPIXA camera device is only permitted when it is in a faultless and safe
condition. In the event of any fault or defect, the allPIXA camera, the machine or thesystem in which the allPIXA camera is installed, must be stopped immediately and the
responsible person has to be informed.



Modifications and extensions to the allPIXA camera are only permitted if the prior writtenconsent of Chromasens GmbH is obtained. This applies in particular to modifications andextensions which can negatively affect the safety of the allPIXA camera.

Compliance with the ambient conditions described in this manual is essential.

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3.3

Safety instructions on the allPIXA camera
Risks from hot surfaces
The body of the allPIXA camera heats up during operation.
Do not touch hot surfaces without suitable protective gloves. Always allow
hot surfaces to cool down before carrying out any work on the unit.
Electric voltage hazard
The allPIXA camera runs with electric power. Before any work is carriedout on the allPIXA camera, be aware to disconnect the mains cables.
Make sure that the device is safely isolated from the power supply!
Risk of electrostatic discharge
The allPIXA camera contains components and units which are sensitive
to electrostatic charge.
Observe all precautionary measures for handling electrostatic sensitiveequipment.
Make sure that the allPIXA camera, its corresponding tools, its equipment,
and the knowledge of the person who is handling with have the same
electrical potential.

3.4

Purpose / applications


The allPIXA camera is designed for machines and systems which are used for commercial
and industrial applications.



The owner of the machine or system in which the allPIXA camera has been installed is
responsible for compliance with relevant safety regulations, standards and directives.
Commissioning of the allPIXA camera is only permitted if the machine or system, in which
the allPIXA camera is installed, complies with the safety regulations and standards of thecountry in which the allPIXA camera runs.



The owner of the machine or system with the installed allPIXA camera has to verify thesuitability of allPIXA camera for its intended use.

Safety regulations of the country in which the device should be used have to be complied
with.



The allPIXA camera may only be connected or used as described in this manual.



The allPIXA camera must be set up and installed in compliance with the instructions
contained in this manual.

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3.5

3.6

3.7

Staff requirements
The system owner must ensure that all persons working on the system are trained for therequired work and have read and understood this manual. This applies particularly to theemployees who only work occasionally with the allPIXA camera, for example, duringcommissioning and maintenance work.

Work on the electrical installation of the system may only be carried out by a qualified
electrician or person who has undergone the necessary electrotechnical training under thesupervision of a qualified electrician, in compliance with applicable electrotechnicalregulations.



Please be aware that only suitably trained and qualified persons are permitted to work withthe allPIXA camera. Such persons are qualified to work with the allPIXA camera device, ifthey are familiar with its assembly, installation, care, and all necessary precautionary
measures.

Assignments and responsibilities of the staff charged with operation, commissioning,
maintenance and repair have to be clearly defined and specified by the owner of thedevice in which the allPIXA camera is installed.

Organisational measurements


The instruction manual has to be stored safely in the vicinity of the camera in operation.



Information contained in this manual have to be integrated into the documentation of thedevice in which the allPIXA camera is installed.



The allPIXA camera and all connected peripheries have to be checked regularly for visible
external damages.

Safety instructions for maintenance / cleaning

Before carrying out any service or maintenance work, the responsible staff has to be
informed.



Deadlines and intervals for regular inspections must be complied with.



Before starting maintenance, the allPIXA camera must be isolated from the power supply.



Due to the risk of fire, devices such as radiators, heaters, or lighting equipment have to beallowed first to cool down.



Only technicians of the Chromasens GmbH are permitted to open or slacken screws or
housing sections of the allPIXA camera!



Necessary repairs may only be carried out by the Chromasens GmbH.



Cleaning of the device is only allowed with a soft, lint-free cloth and Isopropanol (optional).



To avoid damages, the camera may only be transported in its original packaging.

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4

allPIXA camera - Design and functions

4.1

Basic design of the allPIXA camera
During operation, an object is scanned by the CCD sensor. The analog signal is thentransformed to a digital signal by the AD converter. The microcontroller with its RAM and flash
memory supports the FPGA during image data processing to output the images through the
CameraLink connector.
The allPIXA camera can be configured with CST via the CameraLink interface (CL-Ser.) or the
RS 232 interface.
Signals from incremental encoders or light barriers can also be input by the GPIOs (general
purpose inputs/outputs).

Figure 4: Basic design of the allPIXA camera (block diagram)

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4.2

Design of the allPIXA camera line scan sensor
The allPIXA color line scan camera is equippedwith a trilinear CCD line scan sensor with 3
spatially separated lines which are sensitive tothe colors red, green and blue (RGB).
In this way, 3-color information is obtained fromeach image point (RGB). The spacing of sensor
lines is compensated in the allPIXA camera.
Compared to camera systems with interpolatingprocesses (for example single-line or bilinear
color line scan cameras), the color informationis acquired with 3 x 8 bits for each image point.
Take notice that high-quality color detection is
only possible in that way.

Sensor pixels are 10 µm wide and 10 µm long.
The distance between the color sensor lines is
40 µm.
Spatial correction is achieved by thecorresponding delay of the individual items ofcolor information. As a result of the object’s
movement, for example, an object point firstreaches the blue sensor line, then the green
sensor line and finally the red sensor line.
These three color channels are then combined
into a complete image.
Continual scanning provides a color image
which can theoretically be infinitely long.

Figure 5: allPIXA camera line scan sensor

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4.3

Sensor allignment and orientation
Sensor alignment:

Y

Position:X:
Y:Z:< +/- 150 µm< +/- 150 µm< +/- 150 µm

Rotation about:Y:< +/- 0.1 °Z:< +/- 0.1 °Z
X

Planarity of sensor surface:< +/- 0.50 µm
Sensor window:
Thickness:
Refraction index
Optical path extension:

0.7 mm1.5
0.24 mm

Sensor orientation:(view from the front side)
First pixel:
Left side
Color lines:
Blue: top
Green: center
Red: bottom

First pixel

Sensor alignment is an important issue for:

Adjusting multi camera systems



Replacing cameras

Mechanical design of the mounting system for the camera

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4.4

The allPIXA camera line scan sensor readout principle
The odd and even pixels of each line are moved to the respective readout register. Therefore,
the allPIXA camera simultaneously processes 3x2x2 channels - 3 colors, 2 taps and both (oddand even pixels).

Figure 6: The allPIXA camera line scan sensor readout principle

4.5

Spectral sensitivity of the allPIXA camera line scan sensor

Wave length (nm)Figure 7: Spectral sensitivity of the line scan sensor

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4.6

Image processing
Image processing in the allPIXA camera is analog and digital. The following block diagram
illustrates the internal processes.

Analog / digital image processing
The power block provides all required voltages which are available for the camera electronic
components from the supplied 24 V DC.
The image is acquired by the CCD sensor and initially processed in analog mode, followed byan analog/digital converter. The digital image processing is done in the FPGA.
The image data generated by the allPIXA camera are converted in the video interface to the
Camera Link standard and then sent to the frame grabber.

Figure 8: Process of the allPIXA camera image processing (block diagram)

CDS

Gain

Offset14 Bit ADC

EVEN

Coarse
Gain

CDS

Gain

Offset14 Bit ADC

ODD

Coarse
Gain

CDS

Gain

Offset14 Bit ADC

EVEN
Coarse
Gain

CDS

Gain

Offset14 Bit ADC

to digital processing

from microcontroller

Front Tap

CCD Sensor

Rear Tap

CoarseGain

to digital processing

The CCD sensor is read out by using a shift register. The CDS (correlated double-sampling)process filters (extracts) the intended signal information from the received signals. After thatprocess, the global amplification (gain) and offset values (black-level offset) are adjusted. In thelast step, the analog information is converted to digital 14-bit values to forward these to thedigital processing unit.

ODD
from microcontroller
(1)

(2)

Figure 9: Analog process of the allPIXA camera (block diagram)

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The signals are transferred from the analog-digital converter and run through a multiplexer thatswitches between the test image generator and the input signals as shown in Figure 10.

Figure 10: Digital process of the allPIXA camera (block diagram)First, the pixel-by-pixel black-level correction (1) and shading correction (2) is carried out, thenthe image data are adjusted with the values programmed for brightness and contrast (3).
Afterwards, the spatial correction (RGB) is carried out in the line buffer (ZRAM) (4) and thecolors are adjusted with the color conversion matrix (5) and the gamma correction (6). The color
image can also be converted into a gray image by the FPGA (7). Auxiliary data can be added
to each line before the image data are output via the CameraLink connection (8).

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25Image information output on the CameraLink
The sensor is read out in two sections (in front tap and rear tap). The front part is output via
CameraLink connector 1 (CL-Con 1), and the rear part is output via CameraLink connector 2(CL-Con 2).

Figure 11: Image information output on the CameraLink
With Regard to the CameraLink draft description for sensors, the read-out system is called“2XE”.

Figure 12

NOTE

Take notice that some frame grabbers use this term and others use terms for“read in”, therefore, the direction might be inversed.

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In color mode, the CameraLink uses 2XE format with 3x8 bits per pixel transmitted on both
CameraLink connectors. If set to gray, 2 pixels with 8 bits are transmitted on the first CameraLink
connector.
According to the CameraLink specification, the data are transmitted as displayed in the following
table:
Connector 0 (CL1)
Output format “Color”

Output format “Grey”

24Bit RGB

8Bit*2 Grey

PxCLK

PxCLK

Connector1 (CL2)
Input Name

Output format “Color”

Input NameTrans/Rec
NumberStrobeTxClk/RxClkt

24Bit RGB
StrobePxCLK

Conn0/Conn1

LVAL

LVAL

LVAL

LVAL

LVAL

TX24/RX24

FVAL

FVAL

FVAL

FVAL

FVAL

TX25/RX25

Pen

Pen

DVAL

Pen

DVAL

TX26/RX26

Spare

Spare

Spare

Spare

Spare

TX23/RX23

Red Front Bit 0

Front Bit 0

Port A0

Red Rear Bit 0

Port D0

TX0/RX0

Red Front Bit 1

Front Bit 1

Port A1

Red Rear Bit 1

Port D1

TX1/RX1

Red Front Bit 2

Front Bit 2

Port A2

Red Rear Bit 2

Port D2

TX2/RX2

Red Front Bit 3

Front Bit 3

Port A3

Red Rear Bit 3

Port D3

TX3/RX3

Red Front Bit 4

Front Bit 4

Port A4

Red Rear Bit 4

Port D4

TX4/RX4

Red Front Bit 5

Front Bit 5

Port A5

Red Rear Bit 5

Port D5

TX6/RX6

Red Front Bit 6

Front Bit 6

Port A6

Red Rear Bit 6

Port D6

TX27/RX27

Red Front Bit 7

Front Bit 7

Port A7

Red Rear Bit 7

Port D7

TX5/RX5

Green Front Bit 0

Rear Bit 0

Port B0

Green Rear Bit 0

Port E0

TX7/RX7

Green Front Bit 1

Rear Bit 1

Port B1

Green Rear Bit 1

Port E1

TX8/RX8

Green Front Bit 2

Rear Bit 2

Port B2

Green Rear Bit 2

Port E2

TX9/RX9

Green Front Bit 3

Rear Bit 3

Port B3

Green Rear Bit 3

Port E3

TX12/RX12

Green Front Bit 4

Rear Bit 4

Port B4

Green Rear Bit 4

Port E4

TX13/RX13

Green Front Bit 5

Rear Bit 5

Port B5

Green Rear Bit 5

Port E5

TX14/RX14

Green Front Bit 6

Rear Bit 6

Port B6

Green Rear Bit 6

Port E6

TX10/RX10

Green Front Bit 7

Port B7

Green Rear Bit 7

Port E7

TX11/RX11

Blue Front Bit 0

Port C0Blue Rear Bit 0

Port F0

TX15/RX15

Blue Front Bit 1

Port C1

Blue Rear Bit 1

Port F1

TX18/RX18

Blue Front Bit 2

Port C2Blue Rear Bit 2

Port F2

TX19/RX19

Blue Front Bit 3

Port C3

Blue Rear Bit 3

Port F3

TX20/RX20

Blue Front Bit 4

Port C4Blue Rear Bit 4

Port F4

TX21/RX21

Blue Front Bit 5

Port C5Blue Rear Bit 5

Port F5

TX22/RX22

Blue Front Bit 6

Port C6Blue Rear Bit 6

Port F6

TX16/RX16

Blue Front Bit 7

Port C7

Blue Rear Bit 7

Port F7

TX17/RX17

Figure 13: Tranmission of data according CameraLink specification CameraLink

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4.7

Black-level correction and shading (flat-field) correction
The allPIXA camera supports black-level (offset) and shading correction.
The following points are important for understanding these kinds of operation:
Both operations are based on pixel-by-pixel calculation, and the effects on behavior of
single pixels such as PRNU (photo response non uniformity) are eliminated.

Both operations are carried out separately for each line (red, green, blue).

The allPIXA camera provides four data sets for black-level correction and four data sets forshading correction Therefore, you could deal with for example four different lighting
systems by selecting the necessary data sets without transferring or generating new
shading data.

Calculation of the correction data sets can be done offline on scanned images.
Often, shading data have been calculated internally with a static white reference in front of
the camera. In this case, spots of dust on the white reference lead to vertical lines in theimage. This effect can be eliminated by slightly defocusing the lens during the generationof the references. The lighting distribution is then seen by the sensor and the lens. Anotherpossibility to avoid this problem is to move the target slightly during the balancing process.
Thus, distortions for example caused by dust can be eliminated.



The allPIXA camera permits to calculate the references offline. You can select a scanned
image and define a region of the image, in which shading correction data are calculated.
By averaging over a higher number of lines, distortions, for example caused by dust on thetarget, are eliminated. Therefore, it is possible to use an image with a moving white object.

The allPIXA camera also permits to generate shading and offset data internally.



Generated data sets can be stored on the hard disk of the PC. The stored data can betransferred to the camera later on.



For the calculation the following formulas can be used:
Mode Recording of black reference line:
BRef(x) = VidRaw with black template or without illumination
Mode Recording of white reference line:
WRef(x) = VidRaw(x) – BRef(x) with white template
Mode / Correction (white and black correction is activated)
VidSHCOut(x,y) = (VidRaw(x,y) – BRef(x)) * VidMax
WRef(x)This calculation is done separately for all color separations (RGB).


BRef

Black Reference value for each pixel in the line



WRef

White Reference value for each pixel in the line

VidRaw

(x, y)



VidMax

VidSHCOut(x,y)

Raw values for each pixel output by A/D-Converter
Number of pixels within the line or column
Maximum brightness value
Offset- and Shading-corrected pixels of the image

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Figure 14: Offset and shading correction

4.8

Image mode
The allPIXA camera is able to emulate a frame scan camera. Output data are in real frames andthe VSync signal (or frame-valid signal) is generated. Therefore, the information about frame
start and image size has to be supplied to the camera.
The trigger signal can be supplied by the frame grabber either by CC-Bits CC3 or CC4 or witha hardware signal by IO -port. The external signals have to be configured using the IO
Configurator via CST.
Image height (= number of lines) can be controlled by a fixed value or an external signal
depending on the object size.

4.9

Monochrome image acquisition
In addition, the allPIXA camera permits to generate monochrome images which have been
generated according to the color information. The evaluation of the color channels during
generation of a monochrome image can be set individually.

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4.10 White balancing with a closed-loop control
To keep the video values stable on a white reference target, the allPIXA camera supports anautomatic adjustment of the internal gain values. Therefore, a closed loop can be establishedwhich enables an automatism of keeping the white-point stable, even if there are brightness orcolor temperature changes in the illumination. Usually, automatic camera functions use thebrightest point for adjusting the best result to get the white color.
The allPIXA camera permits to arbitrarily define the area of an image chosen as reference andyou are also able to set the reference values (target values) separately for each channel.

Figure 15: Closed loop control for white balancing
This function can be used for:


A single setup process with a static white reference in front of the camera during its
installation.



Adjusting the camera continuously during the scanning process. Therefore, it is possible
to compensate the warming up or the aging of the light source.

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4.11 Setting concept
Furthermore, the allPIXA camera offers a comprehensive setting concept:
You can store up to 18 different settings in the camera. All parameters such as gaining or
integration time may be different from setting to setting and are selectable by short commands.
Therefore, a fast change of the camera’s behavior is possible for different products.


For the user there are 18 settings available.



The setting no. 19 is write-protected; the factory’s default setting is stored under no. 19 andmay be copied to other settings.

The camera always starts up with setting no. 1

Figure 16: Setting concept

Restore factory default
By loading setting 19 and saving it into the working setting (for example Setting 1), the delivered
configuration can be restored.
For information about saving of settings to different setting positions, see section 9.6

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5

allPIXA camera - Connections and status LED
On the back side of the camera, you find the following:

Two CameraLink ports (port 1 and 2) for image signalling and for communication between
the allPIXA camera and the PCA digital port (IO interface D-Sub 15 female) for the incremental encoder signal, lightbarriers, and other freely-programmable inputs and outputs



A serial port (serial RS 232 D-Sub 9 female, Config UART) for additional communication(for example configuration signals) between the allPIXA camera and the PCA power connection (Hirose HR10A-7R-6P, male) for power supply

A multi-color LED for indicating the allPIXA camera status

NOTE

If you use a USB to Serial converter for the connection via RS232, use one
with an FTDI Chipset (Prolifix chipsets did generate problems whileconnecting to the camera).

Status LED

CL-Port 1

Power supply

CL-Port 2

Config. UART

Digital IO-Port

Figure 17: The allPIXA camera connections and status LED

5.1

Status LED
During image output (VSync active), the LED lights up in blue, and alternates then in green or
red.

Color

Description

Green

Camera ready (VSync inactive)

Red

Error (VSync inactive)Blue

allPIXA camera image output (VSync active)

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5.2

Power supply
Take notice that the following connector is required for the power supply cable:
Manufacturer:
Article no.:Pin no.

Hirose
HR10A-7P-6S “female” (male connector is located on the camera)

Description

1

Power +24 V

2Power +24 V

3

Not connected

4

Not connected

5

Ground6

GroundFor more information about the input voltage and currents, see section 2.2 “Technical data”.

5.3

Config UART (serial RS 232)
Serial connection to the PC can be established by using a 9-pin D-Sub connector (male) via theinterface of serial RS 232 (V24).

Pin no.

Description1

Not connected2

Transmit data

3

Receive data

4

Data terminal ready5

Ground6

Not connected

7

Request to send8

Not connected9

Not connected

Pin 1

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5.4

Digital IO port
You need a 15-pin D-Sub connector (male) to establish a connection to the digital I/O interfaceof the allPIXA camera. Other functions can be selected at the IO Configurator in CST.

Pin no.

Level

Description

Default

1

RS 422

GPIO_P0 (input)

Incremental encoder (high)2

RS 422

GPIO_P1 (input)

Light barrier (high)3

LVCMOS

GPIO_P5(BDir, PullUp)

Can be used for light barriers
or nSelMaster (Bridge to 0 V).
Only pin 3: Vin 5,0 V max. .

4

LVCMOS

GPIO_P6(BDir, PullDown)

Selectable with IO
Configurator

5

3.3 V over 100 Ohm

Power

Output6

LVCMOS

GPIO_P8(BiDir, PullDown)

Master/Slave interface

70V

Ground-8

LVCMOS

GPIO_10(BiDir, PullDown)

Master/Slave interface

9

RS 422

GPIO_N0 (input)

Incremental encoder (low)10

RS 422

GPIO_N1 (input)

Light barrier (low)110V

Ground-12

LVCMOS

GPIO_7(BiDir, PullDown)

Selectable with IO
Configurator

13

0V

Ground-14

LVCMOS

GPIO_9(BiDir, PullDown)

Selectable with IO
Configurator

15

5 V over 100 Ohm

Power supply

OutputNOTE

Power supply with a 100 Ohm series resistor;
RS422 to RS422 standard
LVCMOS with 10 Ohm series resistor

Pin 1
Some requirements for using the RS422 interfaces:a) Although RS422 is a differential signal, a proper ground connection is required additionally
between the source (for example encoder) and the drain (for example camera)b) The allPIXA contains an internal termination for the RS422 signal lines. The advantage ofthe internal termination is that you do not have to take care about termination if the RS422
is used as an interface between two devices. On the other hand, it is not possible to connect
two (or more) cameras to one sender.
If connection of more than one camera to one RS422 source is required, additional
hardware must be used. Alternatively using the master/slave configuration might be an
option.

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LVCMOS and RS422 levels

I/O standard

Vmin

Vmax

Vmin

Vmax

Vmax

LVCMOS

-0.5

0.7

1.7

3.6

0.4

RS422

-6

0,8

2

6

Vmin
2.1

Maximum input level of the LVCMOS is 3.6 V!
Use a level converter, if necessary (for example 74 LVC14).
Non-compliance can result in irreparable damages to the allPIXA camera!

5.5Video CameraLink port 1
CameraLink cables are supplied ready-for-use in different lengths varying from 1 m to 10 m. For
connection to the allPIXA camera you need a 26-pin MDR mini-D ribbon (male) connector.

Cable
designation

Cameraconnector: CL 1

Frame grabberconnector

Channel link
signal: Base

Inner shield
Inner shield
PAIR1PAIR1+
PAIR2PAIR2+
PAIR3PAIR3+
PAIR4PAIR4+
PAIR5PAIR5+
PAIR6+PAIR6PAIR7PAIR7+
PAIR8PAIR8+
PAIR9+PAIR9PAIR10PAIR10+
PAIR11+
PAIR11Inner shield
Inner shield

1
14
2
15
3
16
4
17
5
18
6
19
7
20
8
21
9
22
10
23
11
24
12
25
13
26

1
14
25
12
24
11
23
10
22
9
21
8
20
7
19
6
18
5
17
4
16
3
15
2
13
26

Inner shield
Inner shield
X0X0+
X1X1+
X2X2+
XclkXclk+
X3X3+
SerTC+
SerTCSerTFGSerTFG+
CC1CC1+
CC2+
CC2CC3CC3+
CC4+
CC4Inner shield
Inner shield

Take notice that for high cable lengths (more than 6 m) high-quality cables arerecommended. Alternatively, the CameraLink transmission speed can be
reduced using CST configuration. The setup of frame grabber, cable andcamera must be tested in advance to guarantee the required functionality.

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5.6

Video CameraLink port 2
CameraLink cables are supplied ready-for-use in different lengths varying from 1 m to 10 m. For
connection to the allPIXA camera you need a 26-pin MDR mini-D ribbon (male) connector.

Cable
designation

Cameraconnector: CL 2

Frame grabberconnector

Channel link
signal: Medium

Inner shield
Inner shield
PAIR1PAIR1+
PAIR2PAIR2+
PAIR3PAIR3+
PAIR4PAIR4+
PAIR5PAIR5+
PAIR6+PAIR6PAIR7PAIR7+
PAIR8PAIR8+
PAIR9+PAIR9PAIR10PAIR10+
PAIR11+
PAIR11Inner shield
Inner shield

1
14
2
15
3
16
4
17
5
18
6
19
7
20
8
21
9
22
10
23
11
24
12
25
13
26

1
14
25
12
24
11
23
10
22
9
21
8
20
7
19
6
18
5
17
4
16
3
15
2
13
26

Inner shield
Inner shield
X0X0+
X1X1+
X2X2+
XclkXclk+
X3X3+
100 Ohm
Terminated

CC1CC1+
CC2+
CC2CC3CC3+
CC4+
CC4Inner shield
Inner shield

Take notice that for high cable lengths (more than 6 m) high-quality cables arerecommended. Alternatively, the CameraLink transmission speed can be
reduced using CST configuration. The setup of frame grabber, cable andcamera must be tested in advance to guarantee the required functionality.

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5.7

Optical accessories
Lenses and mounts
Chromasens offers a large variety of accessories which are designed to provide maximum
flexibility and get most out of the camera.
You can find the complete list of all accessories including descriptions and detailed drawings on
our Website https://www.chromasens.de/en
In the following figure you can see a conventional range of adapters and lenses for the
allPIXA camera devices up to 7,300 pixels (left) and 4,096 pixels (right):

Figure 18: Selection of optical accessories

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Item

Description

Chromasens part no.

01

allPIXA camera with line scan sensor
with camera housing type “W”

7,300 pixels: CP000383-A-7300-W-C

02

allPIXA camera with line scan sensor
with camera housing type “S”

2,096 pixels: CP000383-A-2048-S-C

03

Retrofit adapter for allPIXA camera with
7,300 pixels

CP000388

04

Adapter for M72 x 0.75-RF

CP000457

05

Adapter for modular focus for allPIXA
camera with 7,300 pixels

CP000428

06

Lens for modular focus

Commercial lens07

Modular focus by Qioptics

CP000418

08

Adapter for modular focus for allPIXA
camera with 4,096 pixels

CP000386

09

Adapter for modular focus

Customized adapters

10

Lens

Customized lens11

F-mount lensCommercial lens12

F-mount adapter

CP000385

13

Adapter for modular focus

Customized adapters

14

Lens

Customized lens

4,096 pixels: CP000383-A-4096-S-C

NOTE

Cameras equipped with housing type W need the Retrofit adapter (CP000388)
to be adapted to the extension tubes (section 5.7.4) and lens mounts.

NOTE

For Modular Focus (CP000418) an adapter to the allPIXA camera system(CP000386 or CP000428) is necessary

NOTE

For further information on accessories please refer to the corresponding
accessories catalogue or the configuration sheet at our website
https://www.chromasens.de/en

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38

Accessories for 7,300 camera W-Series:

Figure 19: configuration sheme (housing type W)
allPIXA camera

Identification No.

POS.

allPIXA camera-170MPx/s-7300Pixel
Retrofit Adapter allPIXA camera (from camera to tube or
adapters)

CP000383-A-7300-W-C
CP000388

01

allPIXA camera Tubes 7k

Identification No.

POS.

allPIXA camera-Tubus-7k 20 mm

CP000423

02

allPIXA camera-Tubus-7k 40 mm

CP000424

02

allPIXA camera-Tubus-7k 60 mm

CP000425

02

allPIXA camera-Tubus-7k 80 mm

CP000426

02

allPIXA camera-Tubus-7k 100 mm

CP000427

02

allPIXA camera 7k mount Adapters

Identification No.

POS.

Adapter - Modular Focus

CP000428

03

Adapter M72x0,75-RF

CP000457

03

allPIXA camera Adapter-M58x0,75 (to Schneider Unifoc 76) CP000463

03

The complete list of all accessories including descriptions and detailed drawings you can findon our website https://www.chromasens.de/en

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Accessories for 2,048 & 4,096 camera S-Series:

Figure 20: configuration sheme (housing type S)

Description

ID & CodeallPIXA-170 MPx/s-2048 Pixel - NH

CP000383-A-2048-C-C

allPIXA-170 MPx/s-2048 Pixel

CP000383-A-2048-S-C (on request)

allPIXA-170 MPx/s-4096 Pixel - NH

CP000383-A-4096-C-C

allPIXA-170 MPx/s-4096 Pixel - SNH (Height 95mm, compact design)

CP000383-A-4096-D-C

allPIXA-170 MPx/s-4096 Pixel

CP000383-A-4096-S-C (on request)

allPIXA-170 MPx/s-7300 Pixel - NH

CP000383-A-7300-C-C

allPIXA-170 MPx/s-7300 Pixel - SNH (Height 100mm, compact design)

CP000383-A-7300-E-C

allPIXA-170 MPx/s-7300 Pixel

CP000383-A-7300-W-C (on request)

Cameras with lens adapters

ID & CodeallPIXA-170 MPx/s-4096 Pixel - NH - F-Mount

CP000460-0016

allPIXA-170 MPx/s-4096 Pixel - F-Mount

CP000431 (on request)

allPIXA camera Tubes 4k

Identification No.

POS.

allPIXA camera-Tube-4k 20 mm

CP000389

01

allPIXA camera-Tube-4k 40 mm

CP000390

01

allPIXA camera-Tube-4k 60 mm

CP000391

01

allPIXA camera-Tube-4k 80 mm

CP000392

01

allPIXA camera-Tube-4k 100 mm

CP000393

01

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40allPIXA camera 4k direct mount Adapters

Identification No.

POS.

allPIXA camera F-Mount Adapter

CP000385

02

allPIXA camera C-Mount-Adapter

CP000387

02

allPIXA camera 4K-Adapter M42x1-A45,46

CP000434

02

allPIXA camera Adapter-MF ( to Modular Focus )allPIXA camera Adapter-M42x0,75 (to Schneider Unifoc
58 (T2))
allPIXA camera Adapter-V-Mount(to Schneider Unifoc 12 (V-Mount))

CP00038602CP000461

02CP000462

02

allPIXA camera 4k additional parts

Identification No.

POS.

Additional parts (custom specific)

only on request

03 - 06

The complete list of all accessories including descriptions and detailed drawings you can findon our website https://www.chromasens.de/en

Mounting of the extension tube systems
The extension tubes are used for extending the image distance between the allPIXA camera(lens reference area) and the lens adapter, and the optical image can be varied with this system.
Individual extension tubes are available in 20 mm stages and can be interconnected.

Figure 21: allPIXA camera 7300 (W-housing and Retrofit adapter) with extension tubes
If it is necessary to adjust the image distance with the aid of extension tubes, they have to be
combined and connected with grub screws (Allen key size 1.5 mm, maximum torque 30 Ncm).
Additionally, it is necessary to secure the lens and the lens adapter plate with grub screws to
the extension tubes.

Figure 22: Securing the extension tubes
with grub screws

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Figure 23: Mounting the lens adapter
plate

41

Mounting of a lens adapter ring
Lens adapter ring is mounted on the retrofit adapter (Figure 24).

Figure 24: Mounting the lens adapter ring on the retrofit adapter
The lens adapter ring is secured by grub screws (Allen key size 1.5 mm, max. torque 30 Ncm)
to the retrofit adapter.

Figure 25: Securing the lens adapter ring to the retrofit adapter

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6

Getting started

6.1

Pre-setupPrepare the general setup:1

Get the right magnification and calculate the object-to-sensor distance
You can find an instruction for calculation in the appendix in section 12.1.1.

2

Have the lens and mounts installed correctly on the camera
For detailed description of the lens and mount installation, see section 5.7.
Prepare the right cabling for your application
CameraLink cable: The allPIXA provides MDR connectors.

3

Check the plugs of your frame grabber to decide whether you need MDR-MDR or MDR-SDR
CameraLink cables.
Power supply: Hirose 6-pin plug (HR10A-7P-6S).
The allPIXA connecting interfaces are described in chapter 5 - allPIXA camera - Connections
and status LED.

6.2

Application Setup
Before acquiring an image and operating the camera, make sure that you have a correct designof a line scan camera application (see section 1.7).
Setup your illumination:

1

Adjust the focusing point of your illumination unit and position it correctly
Refer to the manual of the illumination manufacturer for proper installation of the illumination.
Install your frame grabber:

2

Install the frame grabber on your PC by following the manufacturer’s description
Set the configuration of the frame grabber to adjust it to the configuration of the allPIXA camera.
For more information about image information output on the CameraLink, see section 4.6.2.
Install the camera to the application:

Make sure that the camera is positioned correctly
The sensor line should be adjusted horizontally to the transport direction and the camera
should look perpendicular to the inspection area. For detailed description of a correct
camera installation, refer to chapter 7.

3Make sure that you have the correct object-to-sensor distance
The sensor line lays 7.5 mm (mechanical)/ 7.26 mm (optical) behind the front surface of
the allPIXA camera. You can find the detailed sensor position description in section 2.3„Mechanical dimensions of the allPIXA camera“.

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6.3

Setting the system into operational state
Connect to the camera:1Connect the allPIXA camera to the frame grabber (section 0)Connect the allPIXA camera to a suitable power supply(24 VDC +/- 10 %; 1A; typical 16 W)

Set into operational state:Parameters of the camera are edited and set by using the CST.

2

Turn on the illumination and the camera.

Install CST (Camera setup tool) (see chapter 8).



Run CST and select the correct port to connect with the camera. (see section 8.3).

On the toolbar, click Show settings



Set the correct CameraLink configuration and the connection speed.



Click Transfer setting to camera

and then click Output format.

to save the setting into volatile memory.

Now, you should see an image in your frame grabber tool and may focus the camera.
Proceed to section 6.4 to calibrate the camera and to adjust the camera settings to youroperating condition.
(You may select the User level in the system settings

NOTE

in section 9.14)

If you change a parameter, always click Transfer setting to cameraonthe toolbar or press F9 afterward to transfer the settings to volatile memory!
Click Burn setting permanently
or press F10 to burn the setting into thecamera!
Other buttons of the toolbar are described in section 9.1.

6.4

Adjusting the camera settings to your operating condition
Set the camera to free-running mode (Disable encoder and/or frame trigger).
Place a white reference that covers the whole scanning range in front of the camera.

NOTE

The white reference target has to be placed into the best focus plane of thecamera. Therefore any features on its surface (for example dust or scratches)
end up in the calibration profile of the camera. To avoid this if you use a static(non-moving) white reference target, use a clean white ceramic or plastic
material, not paper. Ideally, the white object should move during the calibration
process because the movement results in an averaging process and thecamera diminishes the effects on any small variation in the white reference.

You can find the most important parameters and functions on the simple setup page
section 10.1).

(see

To calibrate the camera setting to your operating condition, follow the steps below:

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44Check your line scan system application:

Illumination setting:
Switch on the lighting and ensure that the adjustment of the lighting provides best
illumination on the target.



Frame grabber setting:
Check your frame grabber setting. Make sure that the grabber configuration matches
the allPIXA camera.

1

Camera adjustment:
Adjust the camera to the target for best orientation and for the best lighting.



Focusing and f-stop:
Set the camera to best focus and select the requested f-stop.

Optical resolution:
Check the optical resolution with a specified test target.

Set integration time:On the toolbar, click Show simple setup view ,time.

and then specify the integration

You can find an instruction for calculation in the appendix (section 12.1.3).

2

Make sure that the integration time is supported by your camera and Camera Linkconfiguration (see table in section 0).


Click Transfer setting to camera
memory.

, or press F9 to save the setting to volatile

Set the operating point (white balancing, section 10.2):
The camera has the correct gaining values after this step.
3On the toolbar, click Perform white balancing



Follow the instructions in section 10.2.2 for manual white balancing.

for automatic white balancing orThis step has to be done again, for example after changing the light or the f-stop.
Refer to section 10.2 for detailed description on how to set the operating point.
Perform a tap balancing (section 10.3):
The camera seamlessly levels out the video signal of the two taps of the camera. The
resulting image has the same brightness in the center at the tap borders after this step.
4On the toolbar, click Perform tap balancing.

Tap balance can only be performed correctly if continuous white control is disabled.
Refer to section 10.3 for detailed description how to perform tap balancing.

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45Generate black-level reference (section 10.4):

5

On the toolbar, click Start reference wizard

Click Black (offset) level reference and Create reference internally.



Click NextOn the toolbar, click Show simple setup viewcorrection check box.

Click Transfer setting to camera.

, and follow the instructions of the wizard.
, and then select the Activate offset, to save the setting to volatile memory.

For information about creation of a black-level reference, see section 10.4.
Generate the shading reference / flat-field correction (section 10.5):
On the toolbar, click Start reference wizard
10.5.



On the toolbar, click Show simple setup viewlevel (flat-field) correction check box.

6

, and follow the description in section, and then select the Activate white-

For information about creation of a shading reference, see section 10.5.
Save the settings:
7

On the toolbar, click Burn setting permanently
permanently.

to save settings into the camera

You may choose different settings () to configure your system todifferent applications. You can create backups by saving the setting into another setting(section 9.6), or by saving the settings to disk (section 9.9).

NOTE

By selecting another setting, changes that have not been saved permanently
into the camera are lost

6.5

Digital processing and digital line trigger
Add image processing functions:1You can add digital image processing functions. Study the section 11.10 onward to findout which image processing functions are offered by the allPIXA.

Set the line trigger or encoder functions:Connect the encoder or line trigger with the frame grabber or directly with the camera. If
the encoder is connected to the frame grabber, make sure that the signal is transferred
to CC1 or CC2.



Define the correct input signal port for the signals.

Click Show encoder setup

Set the parameters in CST for the encoder or line trigger mode.

2

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to open the Encoder setup page (see section11.16).

46

7

Installing the allPIXA camera

7.1

Mechanical installation
Various mounting options are provided by the allPIXA camera housing. Due to its numerous
threaded holes for attachment, the installation of the allPIXA camera is very simple and versatile.

Figure 26: Mechanical connection points of the allPIXA camera
The allPIXA camera is equipped with four fastening points on each side and its front
with M4 threads (use maximum torque for full use of 6mm threat of 4 Nm).
For more information about the exact dimensions, see section 2.3 “Technical Data”.

7.2

Thermal links / cooling
The camera works within the defined temperature range (see section 2.4). To this purpose, it
has to be mounted to thermally conductive parts on a wide and flat surface. A thermal connection
to heat-conductive parts has a positive effect on operation of the allPIXA camera.
To dissipate the heat more effectively to the surrounding area, we also recommend to use heat
conduction pads between the allPIXA camera and heat-conductive parts. You can also cool the
allPIXA camera with passive heat sinks (cooling fins) or by active fan which should be directed
at a large surface area of the allPIXA camera.
If questions are left, or if you are not sure how to adapt the allPIXA wave camera most effectively
to its ambient conditions, do not hesitate to contact our support team.

7.3

Preventing installation errors
To ensure a high image and color quality, it is essential to align the camera correctly with theconveyor belt.
If the camera is misaligned, image artifacts may result.

Conveyor belt tracking
Make sure that the conveyor belt, on which the object is transported, runs completely straight.
In the left-hand section of Figure 27 you can see the optimum tracking of the conveyor belt, thatmeans the conveyor belt runs completely straight. The enlarged view shows that each of the 3
pixels highlighted in black acquires the same point on the object.

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In the right-hand section of Figure 27 you can see a situation in which the conveyor belt runs
untrue and oscillates in a lateral direction to the transport position and then each line acquires
a different area of the passing object. As a consequence, the image generated by the threecolor lines is not aligned, resulting in chromatic aberration which occurs laterally to the transport
position.

Figure 27: Optimum conveying belt tracking

Perpendicularity of the sensor to the direction of transport
Make sure that the allPIXA wave camera is aligned at a right angle to the direction of transport.
In the left-hand section of Figure 28 you can see the optimum alignment of the camera, thatmeans it is aligned perpendicularly to the direction of transport. The enlarged view shows thateach of the three pixels highlighted in black acquires the same point on the object.
In the right-hand section of Figure 28 the camera is not aligned perpendicularly to the transport
position and therefore the same point on the object is imaged at different positions on thequad/trilinear sensor. Thus the image generated by the three color lines is not aligned, resulting
in chromatic aberration on the image:

Figure 28: Rectangularity of the sensor to the object

Rotation around the longitudinal axis of the line scan sensor
Make sure that the longitudinal axis of the allPIXA wave camera runs parallel to the transportlevel.
The center section of Figure 29 shows the optimum alignment of the camera, that means it isaligned parallel to the direction of transport.
If the allPIXA wave camera is installed in the rotated position around the longitudinal axis of theline scan sensor, chromatic aberration occurs in the image and the scale changes on the threecolor lines. Chromatic aberration increases symmetrically towards the outer edge.

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Figure 29: Rotation around the longitudinal axis of the line sensor
To obtain the best results, try to avoid the error shown in the above figure.
If it is not possible to place the camera in the best orientation, the allPIXA camera offers
the “Keystone correction” function. If you use the Keystone correction function, the allPIXA
camera is able to correct this error. For more information about keystone correction, see section
11.10.6.

Rotation around the transverse axis of the line sensor
Make sure that the transverse axis of the allPIXA wave camera runs parallel to the transportlevel. In the center section of Figure 30 you can see the optimum alignment of the camera, thatmeans it is aligned parallel to the direction of transport.
If the allPIXA wave camera is installed in a rotated position around the transverse axis of theline scan sensor, this results in a chromatic aberration laterally to the direction of transport, andthe size and color changes in relation to the angle.

Figure 30: Rotation around the transverse axis of the line scan sensor

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Alignment of the allPIXA camera
Exact alignment of the allPIXA camera is necessary for many applications, for example, if you
use several allPIXA cameras in parallel.
The following section describes a simple method for exact alignment of the allPIXA camera.
Right-hand marker

Left-hand marker

Correct alignment

Incorrect alignment – too low

Incorrect alignment – rotatedFigure 31: Alignment of the allPIXA camera
In that case the static reference is the scanned object of which the camera is to be aligned
including one vertical and one steadily rising straight line. These two straight lines intersect inthe set position of the green color channel; prerequisite is that the lines are continually acquired(free-running mode) and the reference should no longer be moved.
Each line then achieves the same position and the angled line is acquired as a result of spacing
the sensor lines of the color lines in different positions which results in colored lines in the image.
The vertical center line produces a black line in the image, therefore, the center of the coloredlines and the black line have to be aligned.

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7.4

Electrical installation

WARNING
Only the authorized electro-technical trained staff is permitted to install
and to start operation of the device.

Before connecting and switching on the power supply, make sure that all
required plug connections have been established correctly.
This precaution prevents damage to the allPIXA camera or to its connectedcomponents.
When the allPIXA camera has been secured in its final working position andall cables are connected and screwed, check the cable configuration.
The weighting of the cables should not include the connectors one. No othermechanical strain should be exerted on the connectors.

NOTE

Grounding the housing and the outer cable shield:
Due to an environment with electromagnetic contamination it might benecessary to establish contact between the housing and / or the outershield of the CameraLink cable to the installation’s electrical ground.
The mounting threads for the housing are not isolated; therefore, you may
use any other kind of mounting threads for connecting the housing to theelectrical ground.

Connect a power cable from the camera to a 24V DC power supply.
For the pin allocation of the HIROSE, see section 0.

Power: 24 VDC +/- 10 %;1A; typical 16 W
Hirose 6 -pin

Figure 32: Connecting the allPIXA camera to the power supply

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7.5

Connecting the camera to the PC
The camera is connected to the PC by a CameraLink cable to the PC.
NOTE

CameraLink cables are supplied ready-for-use in different lengths varying from
1 m to 10 m. You require a 26-pin MDR mini-D ribbon (male) connector forconnection to the allPIXA camera.
Camera Link specification limits cable length to at most 6 m for a pixel clock of
85 MHz. The setup of camera, cable and frame grabber have to be tested inadvance.

1.

Connect the Camera Link cable:oCamera Link Port 1 or 1+2 of the allPIXA wave camera (Port 1+2 support full data
rate. Take notice that only with port 1 the half data rate is supported).

oFrame grabber installed in the PC.

NOTE

Take care to connect the first port of the camera with the first port of the frame
grabber.
Changing this might cause a switch between front and rear tap, some frame
grabbers only offer the serial connection through the first port.

Port 1 (with serial
connection)
Port 2

Figure 1: Connecting the allPIXA camera to a PC

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52

8Installing the Camera Setup Tool (CST)

8.1

System Requirements

8.2

Microsoft Windows 7, Windows 8.1, Windows, 10 32 bit or 64 bit.



PC with a “Camera Link” Frame Grabber and optionally a serial interface RS232

Installing the CST Software
To install the CST software on your PC:
1. Start the setup program.
2. If the operating system is a 64 bit version, the Version selector page is shown:

In this case, select the version that should be installed, and then click Next.
The Select Destination Location page is shown:3. Select the folder in which the CST software should be installed and then click Next.
The Select Start Menu Folder page is shown:

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4. Select the start menu folder in which the shortcut to the CST software should be created,
and then click Next.
The Select Additional Tasks page is shown:

5. If an icon should be created on the desktop, select the check box, and then click Next.
The Ready to Install page is displayed. It shows the installation parameters that you havespecified:

6. To start installation of the CST software, click Install.
When the software has been installed successfully, the following page is displayed:
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54

The CST software is now ready for use.

8.3

Establishing communication between camera and PC
This paragraph describes basic settings of the CST software that are used to establish
communication between PC and camera. When you have specified these parameters, you canconfigure the camera.
To establish communication between camera and PC:
1. Double-click the CST icon on the PC desktop.

The Set interface parameters dialog box is shown:

2. Select the PC interface for the communication either via Camera Link or external serial
port.
3. In the Baud rate list, click the desired baud rate for communication.
Alternatively, select the Use max. Baud rate check box to start automatic setup of the baudrate. CST and the allPIXA camera then determine the fastest possible baud rate up to 115
kBaud. If the frame grabber/interface does not support 115 kBaud, clear the Use max. Baudrate check box.
The default baud rate is 19.2 kBaud.
4. Click OK.
The CST software now establishes communication to the camera:

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5. If CST has just been installed for the first time, or if a different camera model wasconnected earlier, the following dialog box is shown:

Check that allPIXA is selected in the Available matching cameras list, and then click OK.

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56

9

CST program window
The CST program window comprises 5 areas:
Toolbar:Menu bar:Parameter view:
Status bar:
Message view

Direct access to functions and data (section.9.1)
Access to all functions (section. 9.2)
Displaying the data
Displaying the status of the connection

Menu bar (9.2)

Toolbar (9.1)

Parameter viewMessage view

Command log view

Status bar

9.1

Toolbar
The toolbar for the CST provides the following functions:Figure 2: CST Toolbar

ButtonFunction
Load setting from file
Save setting to file
Transfer setting to camera

F9
Burn setting permanently

F10
Reset camera. Take notice that the parts for signal and image
processing are not restarted with this button!

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Button

FunctionShow simple setup view.
This page shows the most important parameters of the camera on
one page.
Very useful for first-time users.
Show settings
Shows basic parameter settings pages, for example integration
time.
Show system configuration:
Transfer setting data to and from the camera

Firmware updateReset the camera

Open new “Camera Connection”



Set the user level for the CSTShow encoder setup
Encoder-related and line-trigger-related settings
Show settings for user-configurable IO
Show contrast values and sensor line profile
Show current camera values
This function permits to monitor the current values of importantparameters of the allPIXA wave camera (for example temperature,
current values of the reference for the operating point, states of the
inputs, etc.)
Perform white balancing
Perform tap balancing
Send a command to balance the 2 taps against each otherStart reference wizard.
The wizard guides you through the process of generatingreferences for offset and flat-field (shading) correction.
Show camera state and reset errors
Refresh current camera parameters (F5)
Select and display the currently used setting
Buttons for user-defined functions (three available)
Show information about CST
Collects information about the PC system, the installed grabbers,
and the connected camera.
This information is very useful for the Chromasens support if you
need assistance.

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9.2

CST menu bar
The menu bar provides the following menus:

Figure 3: CST Menu
Settings

View

Open setting from disk

Open a setting file from disk. Useful to check aformer configuration. After loading a file from disk it isalso possible to transfer it to the camera by the“Transfer setting to volatile camera memory”
function.

Save setting to disk

Save current settings to disk

Transfer setting to volatilecamera memory (F9)Transfer settings to volatile (non-permanent) camera
memory. After a reset or a power cycle, the changes
are lost.

Burn current setting
permanently (F10)

Permanently burn camera settings to the currently
used setting

Burn current setting
permanently as (F11)Permanently burn camera settings to a different
setting

Clear settings

Delete settings from camera memory

Exit

Close CST

Toolbar

Show/hide the toolbar

Status bar

Show/hide the status bar

Simple setup

Show the simple setup page. This page shows themost important parameters of the camera on one
page.
Very useful for first time users.

Camera settings

Open basic parameter settings pages, for example
integration time

IO configurator

Show the settings for the user-configurable inputs
and outputs of the camera

Encoder setup

Encoder-related and line-trigger-related settings

System configuration

Set system settings:

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Transfer setting data to and from the camera

Firmware updateReset the camera

Open new “Camera Connection”

Change the viewer configuration file to adapt
the displayed parameters to your camera

Set the user level for the CST

59

View

Current camera values

Display current camera values such as voltages
temperatures, gain values or similar.
This function permits to monitor the current valuesof important parameters of the allPIXA wave
camera in live mode (for example the temperatureor the current values of the reference for theoperating point or the statuses of the inputs etc.)

Show line profile
Messages

Arrange protocol views
vertically
Arrange protocol viewshorizontally

AdvancedShow command message
view

Activates the command log view.

Clear logging views

Clear the message view

Save logging views

Save the message view to a log file for support
cases and debugging the system.

Show detailed commandviews

Activates the command log view.

Register edit

Open a dialog box for editing and reading registers
directly on the camera.

The communication data are logged here.

Additionally the communication data are logged in amore detailed way.

Attention: Only for advanced users.
Bootstrap board

For service only.

Get camera trace

Return internal camera loggings. Might berequested by the Chromasens support to get
detailed information about a possible problem.

Verify packet/settingThis can be used to create consistent Setting or
Firmware/FPGA packages. A checksum isgenerated for this Setting or Firmware package. As
soon as something is changed here, the checksum
is no longer consistent and this can be detected by
the camera.

Create HIS checksum

For development purposes only. If a value in an
HSI-file changes, the checksum is longer valid. Thisfunction recalculates the checksum and updates
the file.

Edit color conversion
matrixOpens a dialog box, which permits to edit the 4color conversion matrixes saved inside the camera.

Set IP address

If a connection to a GigE-camera should beestablished, the IP address can be set here

Get current camera state

Opens a message box showing the camera state.

Restore factory setting

Restore factory settings from internal camera
memory.

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60Commands

Help

Reset camera

Triggers a camera reset

Process white balancing

Perform an automated white-balancing on thecameraInitiate tap balancing

Perform a balancing procedure between the twocamera taps to eliminate the differences at the tap
border.

Generate references(wizard)

Open the reference wizard.

Send user command

Buttons for user-defined functions (3 available)

Configure user commands

Configuring the buttons for the user-defined
functions.

Information about CSTShows a message box with version information

Show system information

Collects information about the PC system, theinstalled grabbers, and the connected camera.

The wizard guides through the process ofgenerating references for offset and flat field(shading) correction.

This information is very useful for the Chromasens
support if you need assistance.

9.3

Basic camera parameter settings (overview)
Basic parameters of the camera are split into different groups:

Camera parameters
This part contains the parameters related to the following:

Page

Function

Camera settings – Camera Parameter – Integration time
Integration time: Set the integrationtime Set the line periodmode Set the line period
time
Section: 11.1

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Page

Function

Camera settings – Camera Parameter – Gain settings
Camera Gain
Settings:
 Analog CoarseGain Analog Gain
 Closed-loop
control for whitebalancing
Section: 11.2

Camera settings – Camera Parameter – White reference markWhite reference mark: Set the position and size ofthe zone for the closed loop
control
Section:11.3

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Page

Function

Camera settings – Camera Parameter – White control
White control
 Set parameters such as
target values for theclosed-loop gain control
Section: 11.4

Camera settings – Camera Parameter – Reference usage
Reference usage:
 Activate black/white level
correction
 Select the data set for offset
and white level correction
Section:0

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63

Page

Function

Camera settings – Camera Parameter – Brightness and Contrast
Brightness and Contrast: Digital gain
 Digital offset
 Gamma correction
Section: 11.6

Camera settings – Camera Parameter – Camera arrangement
Camera arrangement:
 Set the line shift/spatial
correction
 Set the scan direction
Section: 0

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64Image parameters
This part contains parameters related to the image.

Page

Function

Camera settings – Image Parameter – Image sizes
Image size: Set the parameters
related to the image
size
Section: 0

Camera settings – Image Parameter – Synchronization
Synchronization:
 Set the parameters fortriggering the frame
scan modes Select thesynchronization withother cameras(Master/slave mode)
Section:11.8.5

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65

Page

Function

Camera settings – Image Parameter – Image processing
Image processing: Activate image
mirroring Activate color
correction
 Activate and set
parameters for the
keystone functions
Section: 11.10

Camera settings – Image Parameter – Output format
Output format:
 Set the pixel clockon CameraLink
 Select the port typemedium or base
 Different parameters
for data transfer on
CameraLink
 Insert information
into image data
Section: 11.11

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66

Special functions
Page

Function

Camera settings – Special functions – Test pattern
Test pattern: Test images can begenerated inside thecameraSection: 0

Camera settings – Special functions – Register edit
Register edit: You can directly edit
registers.
 These data are saved on
the camera when settings
are burnt.
 Be careful if you use thisfunction. It can cause
damage of the firmware
or cause malfunction of
the camera.
Section: 0

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67General information
Page

Function

Camera settings – General information – Camera information
Camera information:
 Information about firmware on
the camera
 Please attach a screen shot of
this page for all support
questions.
Section: 11.14.1

Global parameters
Page

Function

Camera settings – Special functions – Global master/slave config
Global master/slave config:
Section: 11.15.1

Camera settings – Special functions – Tracing
Tracing: Debugging functions
Section: 0

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68

9.4

Opening serial connection to a camera
You can open a different port or re-open the same port directly. It is not necessary to restart
CST and to select it in the dialog box shown during start-up.

ButtonFunction key

Menu
View/System configuration

To open serial connection to a camera:
1. On the toolbar, click Show system configuration.

2. In the Camera interface list, click the desired camera connection:

3. In the Baud rate list, click baud rate 115200, or select the Use max. Baud rate checkbox:

If the Use max. Baud rate check box is selected, CST and the camera try to get connectedwith the highest possible data rate.
4. Click Open connection:

The baud rate of the camera is 115200.

9.5Transfering data to the camera
ButtonFunction key

Menu

F9

Settings/Send setting tovolatile camera memory

Changes in the setting must be transferred to the camera.
NOTE Data edited in CST are not transferred to the camera automatically Data edited in CST are not transferred to the camera when you press Enter.
 Data are lost during a restart or a reset of the camera if they were not saved
to persisting memory
 If a new setting is loaded, or if the current setting is reloaded, unsaved data
get lost

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69

9.6

Saving data to the camera permanently
Up to 18 different settings are available in the camera.
Setting 19 is reserved for the backup of the default setting.
We recommend to use settings 1 to 9 for working settings and setting 10 to 18 for backup
settings.
The currently selected setting is displayed in the toolbar:

To save the data to the currently selected setting, use the following:

ButtonFunction key

Menu

F10

Settings/Burn current
setting permanently

To save the data to different setting in the camera, use the following:

ButtonFunction key

Menu

F11

Settings/Burn current
setting permanently as

To save data to a different setting:
1. Press F11.
The Burn setting as dialog box is shown:

2. In the Burn setting as no list, click the desired setting number, and then click OK.
NOTE

9.7

First, changes made inside CST must be transferred to the camera. If they are
not transferred, they get lost. These functions take the data from the volatilememory in the camera for burning.

Refreshing data from the camera in CSTSome data have been changed in the camera or in the setting by the camera itself, for example
by the closed-loop control for white balancing. To update the current data in CST, click therefresh button:

ButtonFunction key

Menu

F5

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70

9.8

Selecting a setting on the camera
The Active Setting list permits to activate a previously saved setting on the camera.

Changes which have not been transferred and burned on the last edited setting, get
lost.

NOTE

9.9

Saving settings to the PC
There are two different file types are available for saving settings from the camera to thePC:*.mk-Files:
Binary file of the setting from the camera. This data can be transferred to the camera
directly.
*.set-Files:
This file type is based on XML. You can edit such a file manually but this is only
recommended for advanced users. You should use CST for editing the files safely. The file
can also be downloaded to the camera, but CST translates it first.

Saving settings from CST to hard disk:
ButtonFunction key

Menu
Settings/Save setting to disk

With this function you can save data from CST to a *.set file.
NOTE

Changes at the camera, for example caused by the automatic white control,
are not saved in the files. Therefore, click Refresh current camera
parameterson the toolbar, before you save the data on hard disk.

Saving settings from the camera to hard disk:
ButtonFunction key

Menu
View/System
configuration

With this function, you can save permanently saved camera settings to a *.mk file in binary
format or to an *.set file in XML format.
NOTE

Changes get lost if they are not saved permanently to a setting.

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71

To save camera settings to a file:
1. On the toolbar, click Show system configuration
settings to disk.

, and then click Save multiple

The Upload Settings dialog box opens and shows enabled check boxes for all available
camera settings:

2. Specify the settings that should be saved by selecting or clearing check boxes as needed:
3. To specify the file name, enter path and file name in the Filename box, or click Browse toopen a File dialog box.
4. To save the settings in binary format as *.mk file, click Save settings, or to save them in
XML format as *.set file, click Export as XML.
Each selected setting is saved to a separate file, at which the setting number is appended
to the file name.

9.10 Transferring saved settings from the PC to the camera
NOTE

If you transfer settings to the camera, settings with the same number are
overwritten.

There are two ways available for transferring settings to the camera:Transfer settings directly to the camera

Open the setting in CST and transfer data in a second step to the camera.

1. Transferring settings with direct transfer:

ButtonFunction key

Menu
View/System
configuration

2. Transferring settings using CST:

ButtonFunction key

Menu
Settings/Open setting from disk

A standard file dialog box opens and you can select *.set files or *.mk files. The setting isthen shown in CST, but it is not sent to the camera.
As next step, press F9 to send the setting to the camera. Then press F10 to burn the setting
as setting 1, or press F11 to burn it to a setting with a different number.

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729.11 Deleting settings on the camera
You can delete burned settings on the camera.

ButtonFunction key

Menu
Settings/Clear settings

NOTE I

It is not allowed to delete setting 1. If setting 1 has been changed erroneously,
you can download the initial setting 1 to the camera. The required file isincluded in the software package, which is available for download. The file iscalled PIXAwaveXXXX_InitSetting1_FreeRun_Rnnn.mk . where XXXX is
related to the allPIXA camera model and nnn is the revision of the firmware
package.
Alternatively, you can restore the default setting 1 by clicking Restore factory
settings on the Simple setup view, without having to deal with download
packages. In this case, the setting is restored from internal camera memory.

NOTE II

This function is only available if the User level has been set to Guru.

To delete settings on the camera:
1. On the Settings menu, click Clear settings.
2. In the Clear Settings dialog box, which shows enabled check boxes for all available
camera settings, select check boxes as needed:

3. To delete the specified settings, click Clear.

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739.12 Line trigger and encoder settings
For more information about the parameters, see section 11.16.

ButtonFunction key

Menu
View/Encoder setup

9.13 IO configuration
The allPIXA camera offers different ports for synchronizing image data.
Its functions are as follows:Line trigger or encoder
Frame trigger

Two ways are provided to transfer the signals to the camera:CC bits on the CameraLink cable
IO-port (D-Sub-15) on the allPIXA camera

External ports have to be connected to the internal functions by using the IO Configurator.

ButtonFunction key

Menu
View/IO Configurator

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74Line trigger
inputsEnable Line
trigger inputs
Frame trigger
inputs

Avoid double use of internal functions (only select one input for line trigger or frame trigger)To transfer the selection to the camera, click Transfer setting to camera
toolbar, or press F9.

on the

To save changes on the camera permanently, click Burn setting permanently
toolbar, or click F10.

on theEncoder - enable increments settingWith the enable increments setting you can enable/disable the encoder input by using an
external I/O Port (CC2 or CC4 of the CameraLink interface). This feature can be useful to enable
the encoder in real time (for example applications with several cameras). The function is
configured with the IO Configuration menu. If this feature is not used, the configuration must be
set to default.

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759.14 Setting the user level in CST
CST provides three different user levels. In Normal user level, several parameters andfunctions are not available, which helps to prevent undesired changes by inexperienced users.
Only in Guru level, all features are available.

ButtonFunction key

Menu
View/System configuration

To switch to a different user level:
1. On the toolbar, click Show system configuration.

2. In the User level list, click the desired level:

NOTE

We recommend to work with Normal user level as much as possible to avoid
erroneous settings.

The following table shows which commands of the Advanced menu are enabled in the different
user levels:
Name

Normal User

Expert

Guru

Register Edit

X

Bootstrap Board

X

IO-ConfiguratorX

Get Camera Trace

X

(X)

X

X

Verify Packet/Setting

X

Clear Settings

X

Edit Color Correction Matrix

X

Get current camera state

X

X

X

9.15 Resetting the camera
You can reset the camera from CST:

ButtonFunction key

Menu
View/System configuration

On the camera a reset is performed, and afterward CST is automatically re-connected to thecamera.

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769.16 Checking the camera state
ButtonFunction key

Menu
Advanced/Get current
camera state

When you click this button, detailed information about camera state and the currently present
errors are read, and currently presented errors are cleared and acknowledged.
If the camera is OK, the following dialog box is shown:9.17 Edit color conversion (correction) matrix
For color conversion 4 color conversion matrix tables are available in the camera.

With:
Offset: Additional Offset in 10Bit range, from -511 to +511 corresponding -0,5 to +0,5
CxyGain factor from -2,0 to +2,0.
Matrix 1 is a preconfigured color conversion matrix for sRGB conversion. It is write-protected
and cannot be modified:

NOTE

To use the sRGB conversion, additionally set Gamma correction to 0.1 on
the Brightness and contrast page of the Camera Settings.

Matrix 2 to Matrix 4 are preconfigured as transparent color conversion matrix:

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77Matrix 2 to Matrix 4 can be modified.
To modify a matrix:
1. On the Advanced menu, click Edit color conversion matrix.
The Edit color conversion matrix dialog box opens and shows the values of Matrix 1.
2. In the Matrix No list, select the matrix whose values you want to modify.
3. Modify values, click Save as and select one of the matrixes Matrix 2 to Matrix 4.
4. If the currently selected matrix is not Matrix 1, you can alternatively click Save values tosave the values to the currently selected matrix.
NOTE

The command Edit color conversion matrix is only available in user mode
Guru.

9.18 Choosing a different configuration file for the parameter
display
You can modify the Parameter view of CST according to the camera type.

ButtonFunction key

Menu
View/System configuration

To switch to a different configuration file:
1. On the toolbar, click Show system configuration.

2. In the Select camera type list, click the respective item:
The default viewer configuration for the allPIXA wave camera is allPIXA_wave.

The changes are applied to the Parameter view immediately. The settings are stored in theregistry, and CST uses the new viewer file when it is started next time.
According to the different viewer file, some parameters are visible or hidden.

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78

9.19 Register Edit
You can read and prepare registers in the camera.

ButtonFunction key

Menu
Advanced/Register edit

Compared to the register edit of the basic settings (section 0 “CD40047_R04_allPIXA_User-Manual.docx

79

Special functions”), this register edit is for non-permanent memory. Each loading or sending ofa setting overwrites the changes. The intended use is for debugging the system:

You can edit different registers directly. If you click OK, register names (Remark) and theaddress are saved on hard disk and are available for the next time.
By clicking Set or Get, you can work with a single register. By clicking Set all or Get all, you
can edit all registers in the list.
To change the numbers of displayed registers, enter the new number into the Number ofregisters box, and then click Set.
NOTE

This function is only for trained users.

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80

10

allPIXA setup
To set up the allPIXA camera for an application, several parameter must be adapted. For
example scan line period must fit transport speed of the scanned target. Or camera gain must
be adapted to brightness of illumination. For all these parameters, a simple setup process is
described here to get quick start of the camera in customer surrounding.

10.1 Simple setup for a fast ready-to-operate state
On the toolbar, click Display simple setup viewto enter the simple setup page which
comprises the most important parameters and functions on a single page.

The parameters are placed in a functional order to give you an orientation which parameters
should be set first. Start with the topmost parameter.
NOTE

If you change a parameter, always click Transfer setting to cameraon thetoolbar or press F9 afterward to transfer the settings to volatile memory! Click
Burn setting permanently

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or press F10 to burn the setting into the camera!

81Image parameters:
In this area, specify the image parameters as desired for your line scan camera systemapplication:

1. In the Image width box, enter the scan line length (see section 0).
If you reduce the image width, the resulting image is located in the middle of the sensor
area. Asymmetric reduction is not supported.
The defined image width is also the number of pixels that is output to the frame grabber via
CameraLink.
2. If you use a frame scan mode, enter values at Image height and Image start delay (seesections 11.8.1 and 11.8.2 ).
3. In the Frame start list, specify image output by selecting Free-running or Triggered. In
triggered mode, image capturing is started by an external signal (see section 11.9.1.).
Timing:

You can specify the integration time (see section 11.1.1).
If you need the line period feature, select the Use line period check box (see section 11.1.3).
In triggered frame scan mode, the camera waits for an frame trigger input to start image
acquisition. The grabbed image has the specified number of image lines defined in the image
parameters.

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82Gain control:
To achieve good image quality, specify gain and white-reference parameters.

At the White control list specify, whether white control/balancing should operate continuously,
only once per frame, or whether it should be switched off. If you select Continuous, the camera
gain values are adjusted continuously during the scanning process.
In the Target value box, you can specify the target value for white control, which is given as 8
bit value (0-255). The camera tries to reach the set target value (see section 11.2.1) by adjusting
the analog camera gain values.
You can specify the camera gain values manually (see section 11.2.2).
Alternatively you can set the camera gain values automatically by clicking Do center whitebalancing. The white control field is moved into the middle of the image. Then the camera
performs a white balancing based on the value specified at Target value, and sets the new gain
values.
If you click Define white balancing parameters, the White reference mark page is shown on
which you can specify all white balancing parameters manually following the description insection 10.2.2.
Perform a tap balancing by clicking Perform tap balancing

on the toolbar.

Camera referencing:Specify whether offset and the white-level (flat-field) correction should be used:

If the references for black level and flat field correction were already generated, simply
activate/deactivate them by selecting the checkboxes.
Click Create references, to start the reference wizard, and follow the instructions of the wizard
to generate a black-level reference (section 10.4) or a white-level (shading) reference (section
10.5).

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83Video output parameters:
You can specify further digital image processing by setting the desired output parameters:

If the brightness and contrast parameters should be applied to the image, select the Use
Brightness and Contrast check box. For more information about these parameters, seesection 11.6.
Parameter description:
Brightness
The specified value is added to the output value. The values are in the
8-bit range.
Contrast
The output values are multiplied by the specified value. This is very
useful to desaturize images after the flat-field correction.
Mirror horizontallyIf you select this check box, the output image is mirrored. For example,
if you use an output width of 4096 pixels, input pixel 4095 is output aspixel 0 and input pixel 0 is output as pixel 4095.
Gamma
A gamma correction table is applied to the image.
video_out_level = video_in_level 1/Gamma
This is valid for values > 0.4. If 0.1 is selected for the gamma value a
special table for sRGB conversion is used.
To disable gamma correction, set Gamma to 0.
Output format
The camera can be set to output color or gray images. If set to gray,only one Camera Link connection is used. The data are transmitted on
Camera Link port 1. Port 2 is idle.
For a detailed description of the transmission of data according Camera
Link specification, see section 4.6.2.
Transfer and burn setting:
To transfer your setting into camera memory, click Save volatile
Alternatively, you can click Transfer setting to camera.

on the toolbar, or press F9.

Changes get lost if you select a different setting, or if you reset the camera or switch it off.
To burn your setting permanently into the camera, click. Alternatively,

you can transfer the setting to the camera and then click Burn setting permanently
toolbar, or press F10.
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on the84

Restoring the default factory setting:

By clicking
you can overwrite the current setting with the setting used for thecommissioning of the camera at the Chromasens production facility. This only affects thecurrently active setting.
Obtaining camera information:

To obtain camera information, click Display camera information
dialog box is shown:. The following

If there are any problems with the camera or the parameter settings, it is very helpful for the
Chromasens support to obtain the camera information.
To add this information to an email to Chromasens support, click Copy to clipboard and paste
the information into your email.

10.2 Performing a white balancing on the camera
You can perform white balancing automatically (see section 10.2.1) or manually (see section
10.2.2)

Setting the operation point automatically

NOTE



The position of the white reference mark (control zone) and the target gain
value for the control zone are used as saved in the setting.

This operation only takes place in the currently selected setting.

This function has to receive line data inside the camera. If the camera is
set to line trigger or encoder mode and the transport is not moving, an error
occurs.



Set the camera to internal line trigger.

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85Prepare the setup for the operation.

1



Stop the transportPlace a white reference target in front of the camera

Set the camera to free-running mode (disable encoder and/or frame trigger)Enable the black-level correction

Optional:2Start an image acquisition with the frame grabber to control the result.

On the toolbar, click Perform white balancing

In the appearing dialog box, click Yes.

.

If process succeeds, White balancing succeeded appears in the message box.
Possible errors:
White balancing error occurred. Error code No: 0x10D: no reference data Camera is not in free-running mode, but there are no trigger signals and thus noreference data are available.
 Adapt your configuration accordingly.
White balancing error occurred. Error code No: 0xF6: maximum gain exceeded Digital gain value exceed internal limit.
 Increase analog coarse gain or increase illumination intensity.

3

White balancing error occurred. Error code No: 0x41: minimum gain exceeded Digital gain value has reached lower limit.
 Decrease analog coarse gain or reduce illumination intensity.
White balancing error occurred. Error code No: 0xF7: White balance cannot beleveled White balance process has exceeded time limit but up to now no error has occurred.
White balance may last very long if white reference area is large, line period is high.
 Restart of white balance may finish the process successful.

4On the toolbar, click Perform tap balancing .

In the appearing dialog box, click Yes to save the gain values permanently as startvalues after performing tap balancing:On the toolbar, click Refresh

5.

Optional:

67Check the values of Current camera gain values, if necessary. It is recommended tokeep the gaining values in the range of 80 to 200 for best image quality.



If the current gaining values are above 200, you can please increase Analog coarse
gain and repeat from step 2. (For more information about analog coarse gain, seesection 11.2.1).

On the toolbar, click Burn setting permanently

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86Setting the operation point manually
Manual operating point setting serves to determine the area which is viewed by the allPIXA
camera for carrying out the shading correction.
The pattern below describes the principle of analog image processing.

Figure 33 Analog image processing comprises of two levels.
1) Analog coarse gain: Pre-Amplification factor
For rough adjustment of the sensor signal to the main amplifying level.
2) Current camera gain values: Main analog amplifying level
For fine-adjustment of analog gaining.
For more information about camera gain adjustment, see section 11.2.
NOTE

Manual operating point setting is carried out during commission by using ashading reference for the operating point.

Setup


Set the camera to free-running mode(disable encoder and or frame trigger).

Use a white balancing reference that covers the entire scanning range.

1
Figure 32: allPIXA camera with a white balancing referenceCheck the alignment of the illumination and the allPIXA camera by using a suitableviewer (for example the line plot display of your frame grabber software).

Figure 32: Line plot display

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87Gain and reference settingsOn the toolbar, click Show settings

Select the Enable continuous with control check box.

In the Position and mode for white reference mark list, click Automatic masterdetection out of area position:, and then click White control.

2Note: The Position and mode for white reference mark list is not shown if User levelis set to Normal user or Expert. But in this case, automatic detection is alreadyselected by default.

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88Selection and adjustment of the white reference mark on the white reference3

Set the “White reference mark” to the brightest region in the image. In most cases, thisis the center of the image.

Note:
The reference mark area may not include the TAP border.
If the front and rear TAP are defined to be independent, the defined reference markarea is mirrored into the other TAP.

4On the toolbar, click Transfer setting to camera, or press F9.

Current camera parameters are saved non-permanently in the camera.

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89Setting of Target White Reference Values (Video Levels)

Set the target white reference values ( a )On the toolbar, click Transfer setting to camera, or press F9 to save the target
white reference value. The range is from 0 – (1023 - the max dark value).
The target video levels must be set in such a way that the brightest image points are set
below the saturation point. Take notice that the brightest scanned reference should notbring the AD converter to saturation. If the objects are brighter than the current whitereference to be scanned during subsequent operation, the distance to saturation must be
increased by this ratio (max. = 255- the max dark value of the offset reference at the whitereference mark area).

Use the “current white reference values" displayed on the right as a starting point.

aTarget white reference
settings for front tap.

Current whitereference settings

5

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90Check/re-adjust video levels:On the toolbar, click Refresh current camera parameters
the target white reference values (see step 4).

On the tree view, click Gain settings, and then check the Current camera gain
values. They should be in a range between 80 and 200:

If a current gain value exceed 200, you could increase the corresponding value at
Analog coarse gain. If a current gain value is below 80, you could reduce thecorresponding value at Analog coarse gain.

If you modified parameters, click Transfer setting to camera
then start again with step 6.



If you do not achieve a satisfying result, you can also adjust the Target whitereference values on the White control page (see step 5)

On the toolbar, click Transfer setting to camera
non-permanently on the camera.

after you have entered

6CD40047_R04_allPIXA_User-Manual.docx

on the toolbar, and, or press F9 to save the settings

91Tap balancing
On the toolbar, click Perform tap balancing.

The values for the slave tap (= rear tap in the example shown below) are aligned withthe master tap.
Click Refresh current camera parameters.

Example with the front tap as the master tap and the rear tap as the slave tap:
Target white reference
settings for front tap.

7

Target whitereference settings
for rear tap.

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92Disable white control

If the result of the settings is satisfactory, click White control in the tree view, and thenclear the Enable continuous white control check box:

Click White reference mark in the tree view, and then clear the Display whitereference borders… check box:

8

Transfer settings to the camera:9On the toolbar, click Transfer setting to camera, or press F9.

The current camera parameters are saved non-permanently in the camera.

Save settings:

10On the toolbar, click Burn setting permanently, or press F10.

The current camera parameters are now saved permanently in the camera.

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9310.3 Performing a tap balancing
Before the camera is finished at our production site, a tap balancing is done and saved on thecamera. Sometimes an extra tap balancing is necessary.
The steps refer to the automatic white balancing.
It is recommended to perform a white balancing in advance.
Prepare the setup for the operation:

1



Stop the transportPlace a white reference target in front of the camera

Set the camera to free running (disable encoder and/or frame trigger)

Optional:2Start an image acquisition with the frame grabber for controlling the resultOn the toolbar, click Perform tap balancing .

In the appearing dialog box, click Yes to save the gain values permanently as startvalues after performing tap balancing:On the toolbar, click Refresh

3.

Optional:Check the values of Current camera gain values, if necessary. It is recommended tokeep the gaining values in the range of 80 to 200 for best image quality.



If the current gaining values are above 200, you could increase Analog coarse gain
and repeat from step 2.

6On the toolbar, click Burn setting permanently

7



If requested, transfer these gaining values to other settings.

5

NOTE

.

This function has to receive line data inside the camera. If the camera is set toline trigger or encoder mode and the transport is not moving, an error occurs.
Set the camera to internal line trigger.

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9410.4 Generating black (offset) reference
To generate a black (offset) reference, click Start reference wizard

on the toolbar.

You have three options to generate a black reference
1) Loading a reference image from disk (10.4.1)
Use this function, if you have a stored black-level reference image on your hard disk.
2) Preparing the camera to acquire a raw image(10.4.2)
Use this function, if you do not have a black-level reference image and want to generate a
black reference with an image acquisition software. You can directly do an offset correction
after grabbing the black reference. The wizard guides you through this process.
3) Creating a black-level reference internally (10.4.3)
Use this function, if you want to do offset correction directly inside the camera.

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95Loading a reference image from disk
Creation of a black-level reference is only necessary during commissioning or if the gain values
are changed considerably.
Start the reference wizard and select reference type and image sourceOn the toolbar, click Start reference wizard

Click Black (offset) level reference.



Click Load reference image from disk:.

1

 Click Next.

Select offset reference image
Click Select file:In the file dialog box, select the reference file, and click Open.



Click Next

2.

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96Define the area in which the reference values should be calculated
The dialog box shows the reference image:3

On the right side, the following parameters are shown:At the Y position box and the Height box, specify the area which should be used to
calculate the reference values.
Use at least 100 lines for calculating the reference values to eliminate noise. The values
used for the reference are calculated by averaging each column in the selected area.



Click OK.

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97Save reference dataIn the No. of data set list, click the number of the data set in which the refrence data
should be stored:

If the reference data should not be sent to the camera, clear the Send to camera checkbox.

To save the reference data to a file as backup, select the Save to disk check box, andthen click Select file to specify folder and file name.



Click Next

4.

If the reference data are sent to the camera, a progress bar is shown, and the camera isreset afterward to make sure that the initial settings are again active. The last usedsetting is activated automatically.
Again click Next

to close the wizard.

Activate black-level correction and check the result on the image.


On the toolbar, click Show settings



To check black-level correction, select the Activate black-level correction check box
and check that the just updated data set is used:, and then click Reference usage.

5

At least a few pixels should have a value greater than 0 (for example 1 or 2) in the black
image with activated black-level correction and covered lens. Otherwise, (if all pixels are0) the image is over-compensated and you should repeat the steps for reference
generation.


Click Transfer setting to cameraYou may proceed to section 10.5 to generate a shading reference.

CD40047_R04_allPIXA_User-Manual.docx

to save the setting to volatile memory.

98Preparing the camera to acquire a raw reference
The creation of a black-level reference is only necessary during commissioning or if the gain
values are changed considerably.

Make sure that all changes made to your current setting are saved
permanently to the camera before using the Reference wizard.
Otherwise, all changes get lost!
Get the camera to the desired working point1Place a white reference in front of the camera

Check lighting and focusing

Disable continuous white control



Save the parameters to the camera

Start the reference wizard and select reference type and image sourceOn the toolbar, click Start reference wizard

Click Black (offset) level reference.



Click Prepare camera to acquire a raw image:.

2

Click Next.

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99

Optional: White balancing
Decide whether you want to perform a white balancing:
To achieve the best performance / image quality, it is recommended to perform whitebalancing. By performing a white balancing, the camera gain values are set correctly toacquire the desired image for a black-level reference.


If you don’t want to perform white balancing, clear the Perform white balancing checkbox and continue with Step 4.

Click NextFollow the instructions in the message box, and then click OK.

3

Note:

. The following dialog box is shown:

Changes that have not been saved at this point get lost.

Acquire a black reference:4Perform the steps shown on the next page of the wizard:

Cover the lens so that there is no light on the sensor.

Grab an image using the appropriate acquisition software.



Save the image to a file, and then click NextOn the next page of the wizard, click Select file:

Select the reference file in the appearing file dialog box, and then click OK: Click Next.

.

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100Define the area where the reference values should be calculated
The dialog box shows the reference image:5

On the right side, the following parameters are shown:At the Y position box and the Height box, specify the area which should be used to
calculate the reference values.
Use at least 100 lines for calculating the reference values to eliminate noise. The values
used for the reference are calculated by averaging each column in the selected area.



Click OK.

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101

Saving reference dataIn the No. of data set list, click the number of the data set in which the refrence data
should be stored:

If the reference data should not be sent to the camera, clear the Send to camera checkbox.

To save the reference data to a file as backup, select the Save to disk check box, andthen click Select file to specify folder and file name.



Click Next

6.

If the reference data are sent to the camera, a progress bar is shown, and the camera isreset afterward to make sure that the initial settings are again active. The last usedsetting is activated automatically.
Again click Next

to close the wizard.

Activate black-level correction and check the result on the image.


On the toolbar, click Show settings



To check black-level correction, select the Activate black-level correction check box
and check that the just updated data set is used:, and then click Reference usage.

7
At least a few pixels should have a value greater than 0 (for example 1 or 2) in the black
image with activated black-level correction and covered lens. Otherwise, (if all pixels are0) the image is over-compensated and you should repeat the steps for reference
generation.


Click Transfer setting to cameraYou may proceed to section 10.5Fehler! Verweisquelle konnte nicht gefunden
erden. to generate a shading reference.

CD40047_R04_allPIXA_User-Manual.docx

to save the setting to volatile memory.

102

Creating a black-level reference internally
Creation of a black-level reference is only necessary during commissioning or if the gain values
are changed considerably.
Get the camera to the desired working point
Prepare the camera:

1Place a white reference in front of the camera

Check lighting and focusingOn the White control page, clear the Enable continuous white control check box.

On the toolbar, click Transfer setting to camera.

Start the reference wizard and select reference type and image sourceOn the toolbar, click Start reference wizard

Click Black (offset) level reference.



Click Create reference internally:

Click Next

.

2

.

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103

Optional:

White balancing

Decide whether you want to perform white balancing:
To achieve the best performance / image quality, it is recommended to perform whitebalancing. By performing a white balancing, the camera gain values are set correctly toacquire the desired image for a black-level reference.


If you don’t want to perform white balancing, clear the Perform white balancing checkbox and continue with Step 4.

Click NextFollow the instructions in the message box, and then click OK.

3

Note:

. The following dialog box is shown:

Changes that have not been saved at this point get lost.

Start black-level correction:In the Data set list, select the data set, in which the offset reference should be
generated and stored:In the Timeout value box, enter the timeout value in seconds.



Cover the lens so that the sensor is completely dark.

Click Next

4.

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104Wait for result
A progress bar is shown while the reference is created and stored. When it has finishedsuccessfully, the wizard shows the following message:5To close the wizard and to restore the camera settings, click Next.

Activate black-level correction and check the result on the image.


On the toolbar, click Show settings



To check black-level correction, select the Activate black-level correction check box
and check that the just updated data set is used:, and then click Reference usage.

6

At least a few pixels should have a value greater than 0 (for example 1 or 2) in the black
image with activated black-level correction and covered lens. Otherwise, (if all pixels are0) the image is over-compensated and you should repeat the steps for reference
generation.


Click Transfer setting to cameraYou may proceed to section 10.5 to generate a shading reference.

to save the setting to volatile memory.

10.5 Generating shading/flat-field reference
To generate a shading / flat-field reference, click Start reference wizard

on the toolbar.

You have three options to generate a shading reference
1) Using a stored white (gain) level reference image (10.5.1)
Use this function, if you have a stored white/shading reference image on your hard disk.
2) Preparing the camera to acquire a white (gain) reference (10.5.2)
Use this function, if you do not have a white level reference image and want to generate awhite/shading reference with an image acquisition software. You can directly do an offset
correction after grabbing the black reference. The wizard guides you through this process.
3) Creating a white(gain) reference internally (10.5.3)
Use this function, if you want to do shading/flat-field correction directly inside the camera.

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105CD40047_R04_allPIXA_User-Manual.docx

106Loading a reference image from disk
The creation of shading reference is only necessary during commissioning or if the gain values
are changed considerably.
Note: The white reference target must be placed in the best focus plane of the camera.
Therefore any features on its surface (for example dust, scratches) end up in the calibration
profile of the camera. To avoid this if you use a static (non-moving) white reference target, use
a clean white ceramic or plastic material or paper. Ideally, the white object should move during
the calibration process because the movement results in an averaging process and the camera
diminishes the effects on any small variation in the white reference target.
Start the reference wizard and select reference type and image sourceOn the toolbar, click Start reference wizard

Click White (flat-field) level reference.



Click Load reference image from disk:.

1

Click Next.

Choose suitable white reference image
Click Select file:In the file dialog box, select the reference file, and click Open.



Click Next

2.

Note: For special applications, the three color levels can also originate from various
images. In this case select the check box. The page then changes and you can selectseparate files for the three color channels.

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107Define the area where the reference values should be calculated (a)

If it is not possible to cover the full scanning width with a white reference target (seesample image in Step 4), for example due to mechanical conditions, the resulting black
image borders on the left and right side can also be substituted by extrapolated values.
So the bright area is extended outwards.
 Proceed with Step 5.

Specify the area from which the reference values should be calculated:
In the Y position box, enter the number of the first line, in the Height box the number oflines to be used.
Use at least 100 lines for calculation of the reference values to eliminate noise. The
values used for the reference are calculated by averaging each column in the selectedarea.
Sample image if your white reference target covers the full field of view of the camera:3



Click OK, and then proceed with Step 5.

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108Define the area where the reference values should be calculated (b)If it is not possible to cover the full scanning width with a white reference target (for example
due to mechanical conditions), the resulting black image borders on the left and right side canalso be substituted by extrapolated values. So the bright area is extended outward.
Specify the area from which the reference values should be calculated: in the
Y position box, enter the number of the first line, in the Height box thenumber of lines to be used.
Use at least 100 lines for calculation of the reference values to eliminate noise. The
values used for the reference are calculated by averaging each column in the selectedarea.
Sample image if the white reference target only partially covers the field of view of thecamera:4

In the Settings for extrapolation area, select the Active check box.

Mark the edges of the white reference
The extrapolation function can be used if the white reference target does not cover thefull scan area. Activate the function and set the left/right regions close to the left/rightedge of the white target. Either by entering the pixel number or by using of the mouseplacementfunction.

Click OK, and then proceed with Step 5.

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109

Saving reference dataIn the No. of data set list, click the number of the data set in which the reference data
should be stored:

If the reference data should not be sent to the camera, clear the Send to camera checkbox.

To save the reference data to a file as backup, select the Save to disk check box, andthen click Select file to specify folder and file name.



Click Next

5.

If the reference data are sent to the camera, a progress bar is shown, and the camera isreset afterward to make sure that the initial settings are again active. The last usedsetting is activated automatically.
Again click Next

to close the wizard.

CD40047_R04_allPIXA_User-Manual.docx

110Activate shading correction and check the result in the image.


On the toolbar, click Show settings



To check white-level correction, select the Activate white-level correction check box
and check that the just updated data set is used:

Click Transfer setting to camera, and then click Reference usage.

to save the setting to volatile memory.

Brightness of the newly scanned white balancing reference should be exactly at thesaturation limit. (255 @8Bit).

6

Note: At a later point, the image can be "desaturated" to a target value off, for example, 230
for a white paper by a using a contrast adjustment of 230/255=0,90.

Save the setting7On the toolbar, click Burn setting permanently
permanently into the camera.

CD40047_R04_allPIXA_User-Manual.docx, or press F10 to save the setting

111

Preparing the camera to acquire raw image
The creation of shading reference is only necessary during commissioning or if the gain values
are changed considerably.

Make sure that all changes made to your current setting are saved
permanently to the camera before you use the Reference wizard.
Otherwise, all changes get lost!
Get the camera to the desired working point1Place a white reference in front of the camera

Check the lighting and focusing

Disable continuous white control



Save the parameters to the camera

Optional:

Activate black-level correction



Optional:

Perform a white balancing

Note: The white reference target has to be placed in the best focus plane of the camera.
Therefore any features on its surface (for example dust, scratches) end up in the calibration
profile of the camera. To avoid this if you use a static (non-moving) white reference target,
use a clean white ceramic or plastic material, not paper. Ideally, the white object should move
during the calibration process because the movement results in an averaging process andthe camera diminishes the effects on any small variation in the white reference.
Start the reference wizard and select reference type and image sourceOn the toolbar, click Start reference wizard

Click White (flat-field) level reference.



Click Prepare camera to acquire a raw image:

Click Next

.

2

.

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112

Optional: White balancing
Decide whether you want to perform a white balancing:
To achieve the best performance / image quality, it is recommended to perform whitebalancing. By performing a white balancing, the camera gain values are set correctly toacquire the desired image for a black-level reference.


If you don’t want to perform white balancing, clear the Perform white balancing checkbox and continue with Step 4.

Click NextFollow the instructions in the message box, and then click OK.

3

Note:

. The following dialog box is shown:

Changes that have not been saved at this point get lost.

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113Acquire a shading reference:

Perform the steps shown on the next page of the wizard:Prepare the reference target.



Grab an image of the white reference target.
Preferably use a moving target to avoid wrong data due to dirt.

4Save the image to a file, and then click NextOn the next page of the wizard, click Select file:

Select the reference file in the appearing file dialog box, and then click OK.

Click Next.

.

Note: For special applications the three color levels can also originate from various images.
In this case select the Use separate images for the single color channels check box.

CD40047_R04_allPIXA_User-Manual.docx

114

Define the area where the reference values should be calculated (a)

If it is not possible to cover the full scanning width with a white reference target (forexample due to mechanical conditions), the resulting black image borders on the left andright side can also be substituted by extrapolated values. So the bright area is extended
outwards.
 Proceed with Step 7.

Specify the area from which the reference values should be calculated: in the Y
position box, enter the number of the first line, in the Height box the number of lines tobe used.

5

Use at least 100 lines for calculating the reference values to eliminate noise. The values
used for the reference are calculated by averaging each column in the selected area.


Click OK, and then proceed with Step 7.

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115

Define the area where the reference values should be calculated (b)If it is not possible to cover the full scanning width with a white reference target (for example
due to mechanical conditions), the resulting black image borders on the left and right side canalso be substituted by extrapolated values. So the bright area is extended outward.
Specify the area from which the reference values should be calculated: in the Y
position box, enter the number of the first line, in the Height box the number of lines tobe used.
Use at least 100 lines for calculation of the reference values to eliminate noise. The
values used for the reference are calculated by averaging each column in the selectedarea.
Sample image if the white reference target only partially covers the field of view of thecamera:6Mark the edges of the white reference:In the Settings for extrapolation area, select the Active check box.

Specify the areas for extrapolation: in the Left and Right boxes, enter the start
positions, and in the Width box the width as number of pixels.
Instead of entering values for the start positions, you can click
the respective start position on the image.

and then click

Click OK, and then proceed with Step 7.

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116Saving reference dataIn the No. of data set list, click the number of the data set in which the reference data
should be stored:

If the reference data should not be sent to the camera, clear the Send to camera checkbox.

To save the reference data to a file as backup, select the Save to disk check box, andthen click Select file to specify folder and file name.



Click Next

7.

If the reference data are sent to the camera, a progress bar is shown, and the camera isreset afterward to make sure that the initial settings are again active. The last usedsetting is activated automatically.
Again click Next

to close the wizard.

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117Activate shading correction and check the result on the image.


On the toolbar, click Show settings



To check white-level correction, select the Activate white-level correction check box
and check that the just updated data set is used:

Click Transfer setting to camera, and then click Reference usage.

to save the setting to volatile memory.

Brightness of the newly scanned white balancing reference should be exactly at thesaturation limit. (255 @8Bit).

8

Note: At a later point, the image can be "desaturated" to a target value off, for example, 230
for a white paper by using a contrast adjustment of 230/255=0,90.

Save the setting

9On the toolbar, click Burn setting permanently
permanently into the camera.

CD40047_R04_allPIXA_User-Manual.docx, or press F10 to save the setting

118

Creating a white (gain) reference internally
The creation of shading reference is only necessary during commissioning or if the gain values
are changed considerably.
Get the camera to the desired working point

1








Place a white reference in front of the camera
Check the lighting and focusing
Disable continuous white control
Save the parameters to the camera
Optional:
Activate black-level correction
Optional:
Perform white-balancing

Note: The white reference target must be placed in the best focus plane of the camera.
Therefore any features on its surface (for example dust, scratches) end up in the calibration
profile of the camera. To avoid this if you use a static (non-moving) white reference target,
use a clean white ceramic or plastic material, not paper. Ideally, the white object should move
during the calibration process because the movement results in an averaging process andthe camera diminishes the effects on any small variation in the white reference.
Start the reference wizard, and select reference type and image sourceOn the toolbar, click Start reference wizard

Click White (flat-field) level reference.



Click Create reference internally:

Click Next

.

2

.

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119Optional: White balancing
Decide whether you want to perform a white balancing:
To achieve the best performance / image quality, it is recommended to perform whitebalancing. By performing a white balancing, the camera gain values are set correctly toacquire the desired image for a black-level reference.


If you don’t want to perform white balancing, clear the Perform white balancing checkbox and continue with Step 5.

Click NextFollow the instructions in the message box, and then click OK.

3

Note:

. The following dialog box is shown:

Changes that have not been saved at this point get lost.

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120

Start the shading correction:In the Data set list, select the data set, in which the offset reference should be
generated and stored:In the Timeout value box, enter the timeout value in seconds.

Move the target slightly or defocus the lens to avoid streaky images, if necessary.

4

Note: Any features on the target surface (for example dust, scratches) end up in thecalibration profile of the camera. To avoid this if you use a static (non-moving) white reference
target, use a clean white ceramic or plastic material, not paper. Ideally, the white object should
move during the calibration process because the movement results in an averaging process
and the camera diminishes the effects on any small variation in the white reference.


Click Next.

Wait for result
A progress bar is shown while the reference is created and stored. When it has finishedsuccessfully, the wizard shows the following message:5To close the wizard and to restore the camera settings, click Next

CD40047_R04_allPIXA_User-Manual.docx.

121Activate shading correction and check the result in the image.


On the toolbar, click Show settings



To check white-level correction, select the Activate white-level correction check box
and check that the just updated data set is used:

Click Transfer setting to camera, and then click Reference usage.

to save the setting to volatile memory.

Brightness of the newly scanned white balancing reference should be exactly at thesaturation limit. (255 @8Bit).

6

Note: At a later point, the image can be "desaturated" to a target value off, for example, 230
for a white paper by using a contrast adjustment of 230/255=0,90.

Save the setting7On the toolbar, click Burn setting permanently
permanently into the camera.

CD40047_R04_allPIXA_User-Manual.docx, or press F10 to save the setting122

10.6 Using continuous white control
Continuous operating point adjustment at the edges
Continuous operating point adjustment at the edges can be used in both - the line scan and thearea scan operating modes.
Operating point adjustment range with a reference for the operating point can be individually set
with CST. This range must be inside the scanning range of the allPIXA camera.
The allPIXA camera evaluates the brightness of the respective channels in this range andcompares the results with a programmable set value. The amplification values for each color
channel are adjusted automatically.

Figure 33: allPIXA camera with continuous automatic white balancing

1

Set up the camera

2Place the static white reference in front of the camera and check the position.



In CST, on the toolbar, click Show settings
reference mark.



Select the Display white reference borders in the image check box.

Specify position and size of the white reference (see also section 11.3)

3CD40047_R04_allPIXA_User-Manual.docx, and on the tree view click White

123



In the tree view, click White control.

Select the Enable continuous white control check box.

Select the tap for white control



Make sure that the Use sync mode check box is cleared:

Set the target reference values:

4

If the white target is placed at the borders of the image, they might be lower than in thecenter.


5

6

On the toolbar, click Transfer setting to camera, or press F9.

Wait for balanced image.



Check for saturation.



In CST, on the toolbar, click Refresh current camera parametersOn the toolbar, click Burn setting permanently

Check the function by lowering the light in the control zone, for example by ashadow.

CD40047_R04_allPIXA_User-Manual.docx:, or press F10.

124

Image-synchronous operating point adjustment on the object (ROI)
The image-synchronous operating point adjustment can only be used in area scan operating
mode.
If the object has an area which is suitable as reference for the operating point, this area can be
set in the allPIXA camera as an ROI (Region of Interest). The allPIXA camera evaluates thebrightness of the respective channels in this range and compares the results with aprogrammable set value. The amplification values for each color channel are adjusted
automatically.

Figure 34: Image-synchronous operating point adjustment on the object (ROI)NOTE IThis mode requires an image trigger signal at the allPIXA camera. The image
trigger can be provided by CC1 through the CameraLink or by the IO port of it.
The allPIXA camera has to be operated in frame scan mode. Gain control has
to be set to image synchronized mode.

NOTE IIAt image-synchronized mode, the behavior of the closed loop control isslower than in free-running mode.

1



Set up the camera.

2Start the transport with sample objects.



In CST, on the toolbar, click Show settings
reference mark.



Select the Display white reference borders in the image check box.

Specify position and size of the white reference area (see also section 11.3).

3CD40047_R04_allPIXA_User-Manual.docx, and on the tree view click White

125



In the tree view, click White control.

Select the Enable continuous white control check box.

Select the tap for white control



Select the Use sync mode check box:



Set the target reference values:

4

If the white target is placed at the borders of the image, they might be lower than in thecenter.


5

6

On the toolbar, click Transfer setting to camera, or press F9.

Wait for balanced image.



Check for saturation.



In CST, on the toolbar, click Refresh current camera parameters

Set the initial gaining values.

On the toolbar, click Burn setting permanently

Check the function by lowering the light in the control zone, for example by ashadow.

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126

10.7 Updating the firmware of the allPIXA camera
Never disconnect the power or the connection to the camera during the updateprocedure.
Perform the following steps to update the camera safely.
Download the current firmware from the Chromasens website(https://www.chromasens.de/en/user).
You either must have a valid partner account to access the software or follow the link provided
by the shipment of the camera.
If you are not already registered, request an account. It is free of charge!
Be sure to enter valid information into the request form. Otherwise, you are not granted accessto the site.
Be assured that your information is not passed on to others outside Chromasens.
The software can be found in the login section of the Chromasens homepage or directly byfollowing the link that was delivered with your allPIXA wave-camera:
The Software can be found on the Chromasens homepage or directly by following the link thatwas delivered with your allPIXA-camera:

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

Start CST and select the correct port to connect with the camera.

Click Show system configuration

Backup your settings
Some internal settings may be reset to factory defaults when you perform a firmware
update. Therefore, it is recommended to save your own settings as backup.
oto show the System configuration view.

Click Save multiple settings to disk
dialog boxba, select a folder in the Upload Settings

and then click Save settings

c

.

1

a

c

b

Settings are saved as single files in the specified folder. The setting number isappended to the specified filename.
(example: setting 17 is saved as backup_121207_17.mk)

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

Click Send package to camera:b

2
List of packages available in the folder.
Usually, packages are stored as .lst or .txt.
The content of this file is a list of the files
to load into the camera.



Select the firmware package.
Make sure that you use the correct package for your camera. Depending on the used
CCD sensor, different download packages must be used.
The naming of the package contains the length of the CCD-sensor:
AllPIXA camera_CCDLENGTH_Firmware_VERSION.txt(for example AllPIXA camera7300_Firmware_V1_20.txt)
This file should be used in an allPIXA camera with the line length of 7,300 and contains
the package Version 1.68



Click OK.
When you click OK, download starts immediately.

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The progress and the files that are downloaded to the camera are displayed in the
Download List box.
The Working message box with the progress bar displays the progress of the current
file:

3

Download is finished when the Download List box and the Working box are closed.
Then the log message view of the CST displays the following message:4

Switch off power supply of the camera.

Wait 5 seconds.

Turn power on again.
Wait until the Status LED of the camera is illuminated blue again. Depending on yoursetting, the LED could also be flashing blue.

Click Open connection to connect CST to the camera.
It is not necessary to restart CST.

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

On the toolbar, click Show settings

Check that Packet ID shows the correct version and that Difference of the signatures
has the value 0x0000:, and then click Camera information.

6

Needs to be 0x0000,
Otherwise packet is inconsistent!!
Now the camera is ready for operation again.
On the toolbar, click Set system settings

Click Send files to camera.

In the Send data files to camera file dialog box, select the respective setting files, andthen click OK.

.

7

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11

Camera parameters
The camera parameters are arranged in the same order as they are listed in the CST software.
In this part of the manual, the parameters are described “as they are”. For a description how tosetup the camera, refer to chapter 9 “CST functions”.
The visibility of the parameters is defined by the selected user level in CST.
You can find a general overview of the camera parameters and their general functions on the
CST user interface in section 9.3.

11.1 Integration time parameters
Integration time
Name
Name

Integration time

Function

Sets the integration time in microseconds to the camera

Unit

Float

Step:

0.001

LinearDependency

None

Notes

For 7.3k: If CameraLink connection speed is set to a different value than High
speed, minimum integration time is higher. For more information, see section 0

Camera:Lower limit

Upper limit

Value CST:

2k:

16.45 µs

4k

29 µs

7.3k

47 µs

All

12.3 ms

The integration time determines the time for which light is collected at each scan line. If
integration time is increased, the resulting scan lines are brighter and vice versa.
If you increase integration time, the transport speed of the target must be reduced accordingly
to receive images of the same resolution in horizontal and vertical direction.

Use line period
Name
Name

Use Line Period

Function

Activates the function for independent control of integration time and line period
time.

Channels

All

Unit

Bool

Dependency

Camera must be in Free-running mode; the Enable encoder check box must be
cleared.

Notes

Camera:Value CST

Lower limit

All

Off

Upper limit

All

On

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132Line period time
Name
Name

Line period time

Function

Sets the value for line period in microseconds to the camera.

Unit

Float

Step:

0,001

LinearDependency

Is only available if the Use line period check box has been selected.

Notes

Value must be greater than Integration time

Camera:Lower limit
Upper limit

Int. time

2k> 16.45 µs

4k> 29 µs

7.3k> 47.1 µs

All12.36 ms

Int. timeLine period

Value CST

Int. timeLine period

Line period

11.2 Gain settings
Analog coarse gain
This parameter describes the CDS gain parameter of the camera which takes effect in step (1)of analog image processing (section 4.6.1 “Analog / digital image processing”; Figure 9).

Name
Name

Analog coarse gain

Function

Pre-amplification after CCD and before analog gaining.

Channels

Red, Green, Blue
Front; Rear

Unit

-3 dB;0 dB;+3 dB; +6 dB
Log.

Dependency

None

Notes

Use this parameter for a rough adjustment of gaining at the first step.

Lower limit

Camera:Value CST:

all

-3 dB
0 dB
3 dB

Upper limit

All

6 dB

Analog coarse gain is a pre-amplification factor (basically to adapt the output signal of the CCD
to the input of the main analog amplifier).The output range of the CCD is greater than the input
range of the AFE (analog front-end). So with this factor the possible output range can be
adjusted. With this “adjustable two step amplification” it is possible to adjust the allPIXA for awide range of applications.

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133Usage:Note:

If the current gaining values are higher than about 200, the Analog coarse gain
amplifier may be used (set to a higher amplification factor) to decrease gain values.
Otherwise, the image pixel noise increases.
It is recommended to operate the camera with current gaining values in a range from80 – 200 for best image quality by using the Analog coarse gain function to preadjust the actual gain range
If the output signal of the CCD is higher than the possible input signal of the AFE,
this might cause “saturation” in the image lower than 255. Therefore analog coarse
gain has to be set to – 3 dB.

Current camera gain values
This parameter describes the analog gaining parameter of the camera which takes effect in step(2) of analog image processing (section 4.6.1, “Figure 9: Analog process of the allPIXA camera(block diagram)”).
With active white control, this parameter refers to the gain values labeled with (3) in the diagramof section 4.10.

Name
Name

Current camera gain values

Function

Gaining values for the analog gaining of the camera.

Channels

Red, Green,

Unit

Integer

Blue;Odd; Even;

Front; Rear

Log.
Dependency
Notes

None
One step of this parameter refers to 0.0359 dB,
27.85 steps refer to 1 dB.
By increasing up to 168 steps, it doubles the signal.

Camera:Value:

Lower limitall0Upper limit

all

700

Camera startup gain values
Name
Name

Camera start gain values

Function

In accordance with these values, the gaining values are updated at startup of thecamera or if a setting is loaded for faster startup behavior of the closed-loop
control for white balancing.

Channels

Red, Green, Blue;

Unit

Integer

Odd; Even;

Front; Rear

LinearDependency

None

Notes

Camera:Value:

Lower limitAll0Upper limit

All

700

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134Store White balancing parameter
Name
Name

Store parameters

Function

In accordance with these values the gaining values are updated at startup of thecamera or if a setting is loaded for faster startup behavior of the closed-loop
control for white balancing.

Channels

Red, Green, Blue
Odd; Even
Front; Rear

Unit

Integer
LinearDependency

None

Notes

Camera:Value:

Lower limitAll0Upper limit

All

700

Copy White balancing parameter
Name
Name

Copy parameters

Function

In accordance with these values the gaining values are updated at startup of thecamera or if a setting is loaded for faster startup behavior of the closed-loop
control for white balancing.

Channels

Red, Green, Blue
Odd; Even
Front; Rear

Unit

Integer
LinearDependency

None

Notes

Camera:Value:

Lower limitAll0Upper limit

All

700

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135Update camera startup gain values
Name
Name

Update start gain with current gain values

Function

By setting and transmitting this value to the camera, it updates the value
Camera start gain values with the values defined by Current camera gain
values.

Channels

all

Unit

Bool

Dependency

None

Notes

Take notice that the result may differ due to the fact that this function takes
values of the camera and not of CST. To make sure to read the current values,
click Refresh or press F5 before you perform this operation.

Camera:Value:

Lower limitAll0Upper limit

All

1

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13611.3 White reference markPosition and size in CCD direction
NOTE

Attention:
The white reference area may not overstep the tap border.

For the position in CCD direction of the white reference control zone you may have two
possibilities:“Relative” x position:
The x position of the white reference mark can be defined “relative” to the current image
window. If defined relative, the reference position moves with changing the scan line lengthof the current scan window.
“Absolute” x position
The x position of the white reference mark can be defined “absolute” within the maximum
scan window. If defined absolute, the reference position does not move with changing thewidth of the current scan window.

A1= First relative pixel of white reference (may be negative) (see section 11.3.3)
A2= First absolute pixel of white reference (see section 11.3.4)
B = Number of pixels for white reference (see section 11.3.6)
C = First image line of white reference (may be negative), only used if white control mode is set
to “sync mode” (see section 0)
D = Number of image lines for white reference (see section 11.3.8)(*A): Number of valid pixels depends on the type of camera:
allPIXA camera7300: number of valid pixel = 7300
allPIXA camera4096: number of valid pixel = 4096
allPIXA camera2048: number of valid pixel = 2048
The Use absolute horizontal white reference position check box selects whether relative or
absolute white reference mode is used.
Size of the white reference area is defined with “number of pixel for white reference”

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Position and size in transport direction (sync. mode)
By default, the reference area is not synchronized to image frame acquisition. Measurement ofwhite reference values is done continuously, no matter if the image frame is active or not.
If Use sync mode is selected at White control mode (see section 11.4.5), the reference area
is defined as ROI to the captured image frame.
The y position of the white reference ROI is defined “relative” to the actual image window.
NOTE

Attention:
Vertical reference white position moves with changing Image start delay of
the actual scan window.

The size of the white reference area is defined with Number of image lines for whitereference.

First relative pixel of white reference
Name
Name

First relative pixel of white reference

Function

Describes the start of the control zone for the white balancing in the line/image(relative to the actual captured image)

Channels

All

Unit

Integer

Dependency

None

Notes

Value:
Lower limitAll0Upper limit

2k

1,022 – Number of pixels of white reference

4k

4,096 – Number of pixels of white reference

7.3k3,646 – Number of pixels of white reference

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First absolute pixel of white reference
Name
Name

First absolute pixel of white reference

Function

Describes the start of the control zone for the white balancing in the line / image(beginning from first visible pixel of the camera)

Channels

All

Unit

Integer

Dependency

None

Notes

Camera:Value:

Lower limit

All

Upper limit

2k

1,022 – Number of pixels of white reference

4k

4,096 – Number of pixels of white reference

7.3k3,646 – Number of pixels of white reference0

Use absolute horizontal position of white reference
Name
Name

Use absolute horizontal position of white reference

FunctionIf this check box is selected, absolute horizontal position of white reference isused (see section 11.3.4), otherwise, relative position is used (see section 11.3.3)

Channels

All

Unit

Bool

Dependency

None

Notes

Camera:Value:

Function:

Lower limit

All

0

Off

Upper limit

All

1

On

Number of pixels for white reference
Name
Name

Number of pixels for white reference

Function

Describes the width of the control zone for the white balancing in the line/image

Channels

All

Unit

Integer

Dependency

None

Notes

Camera:Value:

Lower limitAll2Upper limit

All

1,022

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First image line for the white reference
Name
Name

First image line for the white reference

FunctionStarts pixel of control zone in transport direction

ChannelsAll

Unit
Dependency

Only if the image-synchronized mode is used for white balancing.

Notes

Camera:Value:

Lower limitAll0Upper limit

All

Image size – Number of vertical pixels

Number of image lines for the white reference
Name
Name

Number of image lines for the white reference

Function

Length of control zone in transport direction

Channels

All

Unit

Integer

Dependency

Only if the image synchronized mode is used for white balancing.

Notes

Camera:Value:

Lower limitAll2Upper limit

All

1,022

Number of reference samples (Average)
Name
Name

Number of reference samples for white reference

Function

Number of ROIs needed for averaging of current video value for closed-loop
control, either with synchronization or in free-running mode.

Channels

All

Unit

Integer
None; 2; 4; 8; 16; 32

Dependency

None

Notes

Camera:Lower limit

All

Value CST:
None
2 samples
4 samples
8 samples
16 samples

Upper limit

All

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140

Show white reference border
Name
Name

Display white reference borders in the image

Function

Displays the border of the control zone with blue lines in the image.

Channels

All (Blue: 255; Red and Green: 0)

Unit

Bool

Dependency

None

Notes

Function has to be switched off for taking reference images regarding to black
and white correction.

Camera:Value:

Function:

Lower limit

All

0

Off

Upper limit

All

1

On

11.4 White control
Target white reference values
Name
Name

Target white reference values

FunctionVideo value for the desired value of the closed loop control for white balancing

Channels

Red, Green, Blue
Odd; Even
Front; Rear

Unit

Integer
LinearDependency

Only takes effect if the Enable continuous white control check box is selected, or
during a white reference operation if you click Perform white reference on the
toolbar.


Notes


Refers to the white control mark. Inside this area the closed loop control tries
to adjust gain to reach these desired values.
Value is a 10-bit video value, output range of the image at the CameraLink
port is usually 8-bit range

Camera:Value:

Lower limitAll0Upper limitAll1023 – dark reference value

This parameter refers to the reference values labeled with (1) in the diagram of section 4.10.
NOTE IThe maximum reachable value for the target values is
Target values = 1023 - max dark reference value (with active black-level
correction). The typical dark reference values are about 4 …16 (in 8 bit) in
the raw image date. The maximum dark reference value is 64 (in 8 bit)

NOTE II

The level of the target value has to be adapted to the position of the whitereference control zone (see Figure 38). For zone 1, the values have to be
set to a lower value than for zone 2. If the target values for zone 1 are too
high, this results in saturation in the image’s center.

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141

Figure 38: Sample of raw and theoretical video and dark reference values

Current white reference values
Name
Name

Current white reference levels

FunctionVideo value measured by the camera inside the white control mark, mean value
over the defined area and the number of ROI defined for averaging

Channels

Red, Green, Blue;

Unit

Integer

Read-only

Odd; Even

Front; Rear

LinearDependency
Notes

None


Refers to the white control mark.



10-bit video value during output range of the image at the CameraLink port isusually in the 8-bit range

Camera:Value:

Lower limitAll0Upper limit

All

1023

This parameter refers to the video values labeled with (2) in the diagram of section 4.10.

Enable continuous white control
Name
Name

Enable continuous white control

Function

Enables the closed loop control for white balancing

Channels

all

Unit

Bool

Dependency

None

Notes

Camera:Value:

Function:

Lower limit

all

0

Off

Upper limit

all

1

On

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142Position and mode for white reference mark
Name
Name

Position and mode for white reference markFunctionSet the reference zone either to front tap, rear tap, both taps independently or
automatic detection. If only one tap is selected the other tap is controlled as slave.

Channels

All

Unit

Integer

Dependency

Only takes effect if the Enable continuous white control check box is selected, or
during a white reference operation if you click Perform white reference on the
toolbar.

Notes

Function only available if User level has been set to Guru.
The exact size and position is described in section 11.3

Camera:Lower limit

Upper limit

Function:All

Master:Slave:

Front tap
Rear tap

All

Master:Slave:

Rear tap
Front tap

All

Taps are independentAll

Automatic master tap detection out of area position(recommended!)White control mode
Name
Name

White control mode

FunctionSet the mode of the white control function

ChannelsAll

Unit
Dependency

Only available if the Enable white control check box is selected.

Notes

Function only available if User level has been set to Guru.

Camera:Value:

All

Use sync mode: acquiring references is synchronizedwith area scanAll

Stop gain control if level <”Stop gain control” * last gain
value

All

Stop gain control by variance value

Two modes for white control are available:
Gain control using area mode:
Gain control uses the video levels within the specified white reference mark.
Use maximum video level:
Gain control uses the maximum video level independently of the position of
the white reference mark.
Three options are available:
Use sync mode: …
If you use this option, white control sets the white reference into the image
regarding to the necessary image trigger.
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Stop gain control if level < ‘Stop gain control’ * last gain value
If the value of the white reference video level is lower than the specified valueof Gain control stop factor, the closed-loop control for the white balancing
could be paused by using this option (for example if the light on the whitereference is lowered without any present document (stray-light from the
document).
Stop gain control by variance value
If the medium variance of the white reference video level is higher than thespecified value of Set gain control stop by variance, the closed-loop control
for the white balancing could be paused by using this option. For experienced
users only.

Gain control stop factor
Name
Name

Gain control stop factor

Function

Sets the pause condition for the white control.

Channels

All

Unit

Float

Dependency

It is only available if the check boxes Enable continuous white control and Stopgain control are both selected in the White control area.

Notes

Step:

1/1024

If you use this condition, the white control pauses:
Average of all actual “Current white reference values” < value * Average of the lastvalid “Current white reference values”.

Camera:Value CST:

Lower limitAll0Upper limit

All

1,00

1. Description of paper (object) detection function:
During the scan, the camera is set to automatically control the image brightness using theimplemented function “Automatic white control”. The control mechanism of the camera uses
the reference area on the object to adapt the camera gain values as defined within thecamera parameters.
In certain situations during the scan process it can occur that an object is missing on thetransport. If no object is on the transport, the reference area for the brightness control
appears darker than the normal paper white. Therefore, a missing object can irritate andmisguide the automatic gain process. With the paper detection functionality, the existenceof a sheet is detected and the automatic gain control stops if no object (certain degree ofbrightness) is found on the transport.
2. Basic functionality description:
The camera reads the white value of the reference area. If the brightness of the reference
area is below the suppress condition, automatic white control is disabled only for thecurrently scanned image. The procedure is applied separately to each acquired image.
3. Suppress condition:
Mean of value of actual reference area < (mean value of desired values of all channels *threshold factor).
4. Feedback camera signal:
While gain control is disabled, the image is scanned with the last valid gain values. The
camera sets a flag if the values in the reference area are too low (-> no paper) and the“automatic gain control” function is disabled.
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Example:All desired values for the white reference target value are set to 800,
stop gain control factor is set to 0.5.
If sum of all current white references drops below 0.5 * 800 = 400,
then automatic gain control is disabled.

Set gain control stop by variance
Name
Name

Set gain control stop by variance

Function

Sets the pause condition for the white control.

Channels

All

Unit

Integer

Dependency

Takes only effect if the Stop gain control by variance value check box isselected in the White control mode area.

Notes

White control pauses if medium variance of the values of the pixels in the whitereference area is higher than the specified value.

Camera:Value:

Lower limitAll0Upper limit

All

65535

During the scan, the camera is set to automatically control the image brightness by use of theimplemented function “Automatic white control”. The control mechanism of the camera uses thereference area on the object to adapt the camera gain values as defined within the camera
parameters.
In rare situations, the Gain control stop factor parameter cannot be used successfully,
because medium brightness is similar to that of the expected object if no object is on thetransport. But in these cases often brightness variance of the pixels is much higher if no object
is present.

Select active channels for white control
Name
Name

Red / Green / Blue

Function

Determines which channels are active during automatic white balancing

ChannelsAll

Unit
Dependency

Notes

Applies only to all automatic gain control functions such as white balancing
If you work with “white” illumination, leave all channels set to “Enabled” (Standard
use of the allPIXA wave).
This function is useful if you work with different lighting conditions.
If you are for example working with three different light setups for the different color
channels you could turn on the lights for one channel, disable the other “Active
channels” and perform white and tap balancing.
After this you run through the same procedure for the other channels. If you disable
the channel, the old values for the white or tap balancing are not overwritten.

Camera:Value CST:

Lower limitAll0Upper limit

All

1,00

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11.5 Reference usage
Black-level (offset) correction
Name
Name

Activate black-level correction

Function

This function enables the pixel wise black level correction inside the camera.

Channels

All

Unit

Bool

Dependency

None

Notes

Camera:Value:

Function:

Lower limit

All

0

Off

Upper limit

All

1

On

Black-value correction is made of the pixel-by-pixel mode and corrects the different behavior of
the individual pixels (DSNU = Dark Signal Non-Uniformity) in dark images. Black-value
correction is carried out with a non-exposed sensor (for example if the lens is closed, theillumination is switched off, or a black reference is scanned).
Black-value correction is carried out individually on each allPIXA wave camera during factory
calibration.
Four reference sets for the black-level correction are supported by the allPIXA wave camera as
well as two reference sets for the shading correction. You can specify the reference position
number if you create the reference using the Reference Wizard in CST, and it can be selectedin the allPIXA wave camera setting. All reference sets can be used for different setups, forexample different f-stops or different illuminations.

This parameter refers to the video values labeled with (1) in the diagram of section 4.6.1.

Black reference data set
Name
Name

Black reference data set

Function

Select the data set for black-level correction.

Channels

All

Unit

Integer

Dependency

None

Notes

Four data sets for black reference can be stored inside of the camera. The
number for the storage space has to be selected in the CST during the Shading
wizard process.

Camera:Value:

Function:

Lower limit

All0Data set 1 is used

Upper limit

All

3

Data set 4 is used

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146White-level (flat-field) correction
Name
Name

Activate whit-level correction

Function

This function enables the pixel-wise shading correction inside the camera.

Channels

All

Unit

Bool

Dependency

None

Notes

Camera:Value:

Function:

Lower limit

All

0

Off

Upper limit

All

1

On

Shading correction is made of the pixel-by-pixel mode and corrects the different behavior of theindividual pixels in the images (PRNU = Photo Response Non-Uniformity). Additionally, it
compensates any non-homogeneities in illumination.
Four reference sets for the shading correction are supported by the allPIXA wave camera, as
well as two reference sets for the black-level correction. The reference position number can beentered if the reference is created using the Reference Wizard in CST, and it can be selectedin the allPIXA wave camera setting. All reference sets can be used for different setups, forexample, for different f-stops or different illuminations.

This parameter refers to the video values labeled with (2) in the diagram of section 4.10.
The internal processing is not limited up to 255@8bit. This means that after the shading
correction it is possible to additionally process higher values such as 300, which can be taken
without loss into the visible area by using the brightness and contrast control afterwards.

White reference data set
Name
Name

White reference data set

Function

Select the data set for white-level correction.

Channels

All

Unit

Integer

Dependency

None

Notes

Four data sets for white reference can be stored inside the camera. The
number for the storage space has to be selected in the CST during the Shading
wizard process.

Camera:Value:

Function:

Lower limit

All0Data set 1 is used

Upper limit

All

3

Data set 4 is used

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11.6 Brightness and contrast
These parameters describe the digital gaining and offset parameters for the camera. Brightness
and contrast adjustment takes place in step (3) of the digital image processing pipeline (section
4.6.1; “Figure 10: Digital process of the allPIXA camera (block diagram)”).
NOTE

If these parameters are used to adjust image brightness in a wide range to getbrighter images, this may degrade image quality.
First, use analog gaining to adjust brightness of the image (see sections 11.2.1
and 11.2.2). For instance, after adjusting analog gain and performing a shading
correction (it sets the values for white to 255), you can get the white slightly outof the area of the image saturation from 255 to 245.
The internal processing is not limited up to 255@8bit. This means that after the
shading correction it is possible to additionally process higher values such as300, which can be taken without loss into the visible area by using thebrightness and contrast control afterwards.

Use brightness and contrast
Name
Name

Use brightness and contrast

Function

Enables the digital gaining and contrast function in the camera.

Channels

All

Unit

Bool

Dependency

None

Notes

Camera:Value:

Function:

Lower limit

all

0

Off

Upper limit

all

1

On

Brightness
Name
Name

Brightness

Function

Digital offset

Channels

Red; Green; Blue

Unit

Integer
LinearDependency

Only available if the Use Brightness and Contrast check box has been selected.

Notes

This value refers to 10-bit image data; in output image there are usually 8-bit image
data.

Camera:Value:

Output image:

Lower limit

all

-255

-64

Upper limit

all

255

64

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148Output

OrginalAfter (+) Offset
After (-) Offsett
0

0

Input

Take notice that using “Brightness” causes a digital offset in the image data:
Vid Brightness Out(x,y) = (VidIn(x,y) + Offset)


VidIn(x,y)

Pixel-normalized image after the shading correction(0...2047 in 10Bit area)

OffsetAdditionally adjustable “Brightness” for this color separation(-255… 0 +255 in 10Bit area)(x, y)

Number of pixels within a line or column

Vid Brightness Out(x,y)

Output of this step (area 0…1023)

Contrast
Name
NameContrast

Function

Digital gaining

Channels

Red; Green; Blue

Unit

Float

Step

0.001

LinearDependency

Only available if the Use Brightness and Contrast check box has been selected

Notes

Camera:Value CST:

all

0

Upper limit

all

2.00

OutputLower limit

OrginalAfter >1 Gaining
After <1 Gaining
0

0

Input

Take notice that using „Contrast“causes digital increase or decrease of sensitivity.
VidContrastOut(x,y) = Vid BrightnessOut(x,y)* Gain

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

Vid BrightnessOut (x,y)

Pixel-normalized image after the Vid Brightness correction(0…2047 in 10Bit area)



Gain

Additionally adjustable “Contrast” for this color separation(0…1…2.0)

(x, y)

Number of pixels within a line or column



VidContrastOut (x,y)

NOTE

Output of this step (area 0 … 1023)

Calculation is performed in the following order (see section 4.6.1; “Figure 10:
Digital process of the allPIXA camera (block diagram)”:
1. Brightness
2. Contrast

11.7 Camera arrangement
Set RGB line distance
Name
Name

Set RGB line distance

Function

Delays the line output for the two other lines to match the shift by different positions
on the sensor which is also called “Spatial correction”.

Channels

All

Unit

Float

Step

0,001

LinearDependency
Notes

None
The value “0” switches this function off.
For cameras up to 4k the line delay can be set up to 6 lines, for cameras with sensor
length more than 4k it is limited to 4 lines.

Camera:
Unit

Value CSTIn 1/1 lines

Lower limit

All

0.0

Upper limit> 4,096 pixel

4.0

Upper limit<=4,096 pixel

6.0

The trilinear lines of the allPIXA camera signify that the camera disposes of 3 individual colorlines (RGB) which means that for each image point the accurate information is obtained. The 3line sensors are physically arranged in different locations, resulting in the acquirement of theindividual color channels to an image of a moving object at different points. For more
information, see section 4.2 “Design of the allPIXA camera line scan sensor” / sensor alignment.
For spatial correction the lines are buffered and the respective lines are re-aligned with acorresponding correction. The color lines have been delayed by a specific number of lines and,
therefore, the values of R, G and B match each corresponding object point. The allPIXA camera
enables this compensation with up to 4+4 lines spacing according to the camera with sensor
length of more than 4,096 pixels, for sensor length up to 4,096 pixels a spacing of up to 6+6
lines is possible. Correct color images are only generated correctly if the ratio of the opticalresolution is the same as the resolution of transport direction.

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If you observe according to the standard conditions, the line resolution is the same as thetransport resolution; the value “4” must be applied. In some applications it might be helpful, if
the camera displays correct images even if the transport resolution differs from the resolution in
CCD line direction which is useful for example if the transport resolution is lower than the opticalone.
If you prefer to receive pixels in a non-square shape (transport resolution is not the same as theresolution in CCD direction), the value of the line resolution may be lowered to the transport
resolution which means that the camera internally applies a subpixel-based correction. The
result is that the images do not have any colored edges, even if the transport resolution does
not match to the resolution in CCD direction (=optical resolution).
For calculation of the setting value, you may use one of the following formulas:
Either𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 =Or

𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛(𝑑𝑝𝑖) ∗ 4
𝑂𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛(𝑑𝑝𝑖) ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝛼)

𝑚𝑚
)∗4
𝑝𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑙
𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 =𝑚𝑚𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑃𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑙𝑆𝑖𝑧𝑒() ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝛼)𝑝𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑙
𝑂𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑃𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑙𝑆𝑖𝑧𝑒 (𝛼viewing angle in transport direction (0° = perpendicular)

Function of the subpixel line shift:With subpixel compensation

Without subpixel compensation

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151Set scan direction
Name
Name

Set scan direction

Function

Changes the sequence from forward to backward (for example from R-G-B to
B-G-R), to adapt to the movement direction of a conveyor regarding to theorientation of the camera.

Channels

All

Unit

Bool

Dependency

None

Notes

Camera:Value:

Function:

Lower limitAll0

ForwardUpper limit

All

1

Backward

Direction of the spatial correction depends on the direction of transport regarding to theorientation of the camera, that means that the sequence of the lines in the direction of transport
can be either red-green-blue (RGB) or blue-green-red (BGR) but the sequence can be changed,
if necessary. Then the color offset is being corrected, irrespective of the installation position of
the camera.
Direction:

Image for value „0“ - Forward:

Image for value „1“ Backward:

If the encoder is activated, the transport direction is determined in the encoder controller. By
default, the direction is forwarded directly. If necessary, It can be inverted using the IO
Configurator. For more information, see section 9.13.

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Enable suppression of lines/frame due to encoder direction
Name
Name

Enable suppression of lines/frame

Function

Enables the suppression of lines / frames.

Channels

All

Unit

Bool

Dependency

None

Notes

Only available if the scan direction could be detected by two-channel encoder or input.

Camera:Value:

Lower limit

All

Off

Upper limit

All

On

If during scanning transport stops and moves backwards for a short time, a part of the object isscanned twice with color distortions. If a two-channel encoder is used, or if a motor direction bit
is connected by use of the IO Configurator, the camera can correct this by suppressing up to
64K lines until the object is again at the position at which transport changed direction
beforehand:

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153Mode of lines/frame suppression
Name
Name

Suppress lines/frames mode

Function

Defines the direction for suppression

Channels

All

Unit

Bool

Dependency

None

Notes

Only available if the Enable suppression of lines/frames check box is selected.

Camera:Value:

Lower limit

All

Suppress lines against selected direction

Upper limit

All

Suppress lines in selected direction

11.8 Image Sizes
Number of scan lines per image
Name
Name

Number of scan lines per image

Function

Image size in transport direction

Channels

All

Unit

Integer

Dependency

Only in frame scan mode

Notes

Camera:Value:

Lower limitAll

1

Upper limitAll1048575

If the camera is supplied with information of the frame start at CC3 or CC4 (via CameraLink) orat the IO-Port, it is able to generate VSync and frame valid signal. The external signals have to
be connected with the IO Configurator to the internal functions in CST. Without these signals
the camera is able to send images in free-running mode.

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154Image start delay (lines)
Name
Name

Image start delay (lines)

Function

Delay of image start after image trigger in lines, the image trigger could betaken internally or externally.
With the default value 0, FVAL is always high.

Channels

All

Unit

Integer

Dependency

Only in frame scan mode

Notes

Camera:Value:

Lower limitAll0Upper limit

All65595 (64K-1)

Sample for using Image start delay:

Please refer to section 11.8.5 Synchronization.

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155

Scan line length
Name
Name

Scan line length

Function

Image width

Channels

All

Unit

Integer

Dependency

None

Notes

The numbers of pixel are centered to the visible area of the camera.

Camera:Lower limit

Upper limit

Value:

All

2

2k:

2,048

4k

4,096

7.3k

7,300 (7,296 by default)

There are 2 different cases for scan line length:Original: Scan line length equal to sensor length:

Scan line length is set to the sensor length of the camera, for example 4096.
Cropping: Scan line length shorter than sensor length:

The camera captures an image from a ROI which is centered in the sensor.

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Horizontal binning
Name
Name

Horizontal binning

Function

Enables horizontal pixel reduction. Several neighbored pixels are averaged to one
single pixel which is output.

Channels

All

Unit

Integer

Dependency

Due to the restrictions of some frame grabbers, only special module numbers of
pixels are possible.
For most frame grabbers, the number of camera link clock cycles and the numberof pixels must be an integer value, sometimes with an additional modulo of forexample 8 .
You must test the number of pixel for your application and combination of camera
settings and used frame grabber.

Notes

Only the amount of output data per line is affected.
0:
1/1 ( no reduction)
3:
1/8
1:
1/2
4:
1/16
2:
1/4

Camera:Value:

Function:

Lower limit

All

0

Off

Upper limit

All4

1/ 16 reduction

Number of suppressed lines
Name
Name

Number of suppressed lines

Function

Number of lines which are ignored for output; causes reduction of data or
resolution in transport direction.

Channels

All

Unit

Integer

Dependency

None

Notes

CameraValue

Lower limitAll0Upper limit

All

255

NOTE

This function is helpful for doing testing and system setups. If there is no encoder
signal available and the speed for testing and setup is much lower than thenominal speed, the system can be tested with nominal integration time andgaining value.
Afterwards, the speed is as follows:
Vred=Vnominal / (1 + Number of suppressed lines)

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11.9 Synchronization (frame synchronization)
The allPIXA camera is able to generate frame information. If you want to use this mode, youhave to specify values for several parameters.
NOTE IFirst, the hardware ports have to be connected to the internal functions of thecamera. Therefore, use the IO Configurator in CST and refer to section 9.13 IO
Configurator.

NOTE IIIn case the camera is used in the “Triggered Frame Scan” with active LineTrigger
or Encoder, the linesync (Encoder or LineTrigger) must fit some pulses before
light barrier input.

Triggered frame scan
Name
Name

Triggered frame scan

Function

Enables the triggered frame scan modes

Channels

All

Unit

Integer

Dependency

None

Notes

Lower limit

Upper limit

CameraFunctionAll

Free-runningAll

Use start conditions onlyAll

Reserved

All

Start and stop condition

There are 4 different modes:a) Free-running:
FVAL is generated continuously, depending on Number of scan lines (Image height)
and Image start delay.

b) Use start condition:
FVAL is generated after receiving a trigger signal. The frame is delayed by the value of
Image start delay and image length is defined by Number of scan lines (Image
height).

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158Sample:Image acquisition is started automatically. It is also possible to get adelay for a position of the light barrier before getting the scanning
position.

c) Reserved:
Reserved for OEM and future use.
d) Use start and stop condition:
FVAL is generated after receiving a trigger signal. The frame is delayed by the value of
Image start delay. Image length depends on the length of pulse from the trigger port.

Sample:This function is useful for automatic detection of different object sizes;
the camera sends a correctly sized image.

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For information about Number of scan lines and Image start delay, see section 11.8.2.

Scan lines after stop
Name
Name

Scan lines after stop

Function

Sets the number of lines added to the image after the stop condition.

Channels

All

Unit

Integer

Dependency

Only available if Use start and stop condition is selected at Triggered frame
scan

Notes

CameraValue

Lower limitAll0Upper limit

All

65535

Sample:If the transported object is not rotated, the result with Start and Stopcondition is not satisfactory.

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If you use the parameter “Scan lines after stop”, the setup deals with this issue:Sets a suitable value for the parameter Scan line after stop, for example 300 lines

Reduces the value for the parameter Image start delay by the half of the value for Scanlines after stop. For example: Original value of 1000 lines – (300 lines / 2) = 850 lines

Stop after maximum number of lines
Name
Name

Stop after max. scan lines

Function

Stops the image if no ending edge or signal of the image trigger is detected after the
specified Maximum number of scan lines.

Channels

All

Unit

Bool

Dependency

Only available if Use start and stop condition is selected at Triggered frame scan

Notes

The parameter Maximum numbers of scan lines must be set to a reasonable value.

CameraLower limit

All

Off

Upper limit

All

On

Maximum number of scan lines
Name
Name

Maximum number of scan lines

Function

Stops the image after getting the maximum numbers of lines in case no falling edgeof the image trigger is detected.

Channels

All

Unit

Integer

Dependency

Only available if Use start and stop condition is specified at Triggered frame
scan and Stop after max. scan lines has been activated.

Notes

CameraValue

Lower limitAll

1

Upper limit

All

65535

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161Internal frame trigger
This function permits to use a brightness change as frame trigger instead of an external lightbarrier. The camera starts or stops image acquisition if the medium brightness of pixels in a
specified ROI crosses a specified threshold. To activate the function, use the IO Configurator to
select the respective connector in the Frame trigger / light barrier section (see section 9.13):

To control behavior of the internal frame trigger, set the parameters Triggered frame scan and
Select trigger edge detection accordingly.
The following graphic shows examples for threshold values for bright objects (in blue color) andfor dark objects (in green color):

11.9.5.1 ROI start
Name
Name

Internal LB ROI start

Function

Specified at which pixel the ROI starts

Channels

All

Unit

Integer

Dependency

Takes effect only if the internal frame trigger has been activated using the IO
Configurator.

Notes

The ROI, specified by ROI start and ROI length, must be completely within
the front or the rear tap. It must not cross the tap border.

CameraValue

Lower limitAll

1

Upper limit

All

###

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16211.9.5.2 ROI length
Name
Name

ROI length

Function

Specifies the ROI length

ChannelsAll

Unit
Dependency

Takes effect only if the internal frame trigger has been activated using the IO
Configurator.

Notes

The ROI, specified by ROI start and ROI length, must be completely within
the front or the rear tap. It must not cross the tap border.

CameraLower limit

Value

All

32 pixel
64 pixel
128 pixel

Upper limitAll

256 pixel

11.9.5.3 Rising level
Name
Name

Rising level

Function

Specifies the threshold for a rising edge.

Channels

All

Unit

Integer

Dependency

Takes effect only if the internal frame trigger has been activated using the IO
Configurator.

Notes

CameraValue

Lower limitAll

1

Upper limit

All

254

11.9.5.4 Falling level
Name
Name

Falling level

Function

Specifies the threshold for a falling edge

Channels

All

Unit

Integer

Dependency

Takes effect only if the internal frame trigger has been activated using the IO
Configurator.

Notes

CameraValue

Lower limitAll

1

Upper limit

All

254

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163

11.9.5.5 Color channel
Name
Name

Internal LB color channel

Function

If All color channels is selected, the medium values for all three colors must
fulfill the condition. For example, if image acquisition should start a rising edge,
it starts as soon as the medium values for all three colors are above thespecified threshold.

Channels

All

Unit

Integer

Dependency

Takes effect only if the internal frame trigger has been activated using the IO
Configurator.

Notes

CameraValue

All

All color channels

All

Red color channel

All

Green color channel

All

Blue color channel

11.9.5.6 ROI visible
Name
Name

Internal LB ROI visible

Function

If ROI visible is selected, the ROI is shown in the image in green color at theline at which the threshold is crossed for a rising edge, in red color for a fallingedge.

Channels

All

Unit

Integer

Dependency

Takes effect only if the internal frame trigger has been activated using the IO
Configurator.

Notes

CameraValue

Lower limit

All

ROI not visible

Upper limitAll

ROI visible

The following image shows an example of an inserted ROI:

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164Input debouncing speed (Frame trigger)
To trigger images from an external source, the signal of the trigger, for example from a lightbarrier, must be connected to the hardware ports of the camera; this could be done by meansof the frame grabber using CC-bits or the D-Sub 15 IO port on the camera.
These external signals must be connected to the internal functions (LB 0 to LB 3) which have to
be selected regarding to signal duration and signal quality of the trigger using the IO
Configurator in CST.
The single inputs have different properties regarding the debouncing speed.

Name
Name

Input debouncing speed

Function

Enables the internal ports to be used as frame trigger

ChannelsAll

Unit
Dependency

Only active if Use start condition or Use start and stop condition is selected
at Triggered frame scan.

Notes

CameraValue

All

Peakholder (LB2)All

35 ns (LB1)All

4 image lines (LB3)

All

70 image lines (LB0)

By using this option you can select the internal function ports for image trigger. The external
ports (for example CC3 from Camera Link) must be connected to internal functions using the IO
Configurator in CST (see section 9.13).
There are different methods for debouncing the signal:





LB 0:
LB 1:
LB 2:
LB 3:

60 output lines
4 clock pulses~ 35 ns
no debouncing, peak holder
4 output lines

Selection of the internal functions for triggering the image is done in CST.

Scan pattern
Name
Name

Select trigger edge detection

Function

This determines whether the trigger is evaluated at the rising or at the fallingedge.

ChannelsAll

Unit
Dependency

Only active if Use start condition or Use start and stop condition is
selected.

Notes

CameraValue

All

Falling edge

All

Rising edge

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165This function determines whether the image starts at rising or falling edge of the signal. Setting
differs for Use start condition only and for Start and stop condition.
The state of the ports is checked synchronized with the line frequency clock. At each rising edgeof the line frequency clock, the status is checked and the debouncing condition must becomplied with.
The following tables show suitable sequences and their function (screen shots fromCST):
If Use start condition only is selected as triggered frame scan parameter:

If Start and stop condition is selected as triggered frame scan parameter:

1. Use start condition only

Select trigger edge detection

Function

These sequences cause a frame start at a risingedge:

Trigger
Image

These sequences cause a frame start at a fallingedge.

Trigger
Image

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1662. Use start and stop condition

Select trigger edge detection

Function
These sequences cause a frame start at a rising edge
and the frame stop at a falling edge.

Trigger
Image

These sequences cause a frame start at a fallingedge and the frame stop at a rising edge.

Trigger
Image

Master/slave
Name
Name

Set global master-slave mode

Function

Synchronization of more than one allPIXA cameras

ChannelsAll

Unit
Dependency

The slave camera(s) must know whether the master runs with encoder/linetrigger or in free-running mode!


Notes


The position of the image in transport direction (Y) of each camera could
be set separately.
The image length is defined by the master.
Also the position (X + Y) and the size of the white reference could be set
separately.

CameraLower limit

Upper limit

Value

All

Get master-slave from setting

All

Camera acts as masterAll

Camera acts as slave

All

Auto-select by input

If more than one camera is used, for example in print inspection, these cameras must be
synchronized very accurately to achieve the best system performance.
Principle of the master-slave synchronization:
The trigger signals from light barrier and/or encoder are connected to the master camera only.
This could be done with the CC-bits via the frame grabber or directly connected to the master
allPIXA camera. This trigger information is transferred via the master-slave interface to the slave
camera(s). Due to this synchronization interface all cameras are running with exactly the sametiming for lines and optional frames.

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167

NOTE

 This parameter is part of a setting. It may change from one setting toanother.
 If the parameter is the same in each setting the master-slave mode canbe set global (see section 11.15.1)

Parameter and region of interest of the master-slave synchronization:

MASTERSLAVE(S)Line – andImage trigger
IO-Config

Free running, Only image start, Image
start and stop Oversize,
for all cameras

Spike suppression
Image + line trigger
State machine internal Sync

Wait forFirst relative pixel
for white reference(Tag x2A3)
Lines

Wait forImage start delay(Tag x230)
Lines

WhiteRef-ROI

Image

CD40047_R04_allPIXA_User-Manual.docx

Wait forFirst relative pixel
for white reference(Tag x2A3)
Lines

WhiteRef-ROI

Wait forImage start delay(Tag x230)
Lines

Image

168

NOTE






The slave camera(s) must know whether the master runs withencoder/line trigger or in free-running mode
The position of the image in transport direction (Y) of each camera canbe set separately
The image length is defined by the master.
Also the position (X + Y) and the size of the white reference can be set
separately

Connection the cameras for master-slave synchronization:
Selecting master and slave:
There are several options to set the desired camera to the master:(a) Software:
The cameras have dedicated settings or the PC sets the camera to master or slave via theparameter Set global master-slave mode.
(b) Hardware:
The cameras are able to look at an input to set master/slave.
One of the camera inputs, for example I/O Connector 3 acts as the so called "nSelMaster"Input.
This input is held high via an internal Pull-up  Slave by default.
A low level at this input switches the camera to master.
At this D-Sub 15 a bridge is connected from the nSelMaster at pin3 to GND at pin 11.
Master-Slave and the I/O Configuration:
If the cameras are set to Auto-select by input, the input for the nSelMaster must be set at the
I/O Configuration.
In this case the nSelMaster is configured to the Pin3 of the I/O Connector as described above:
If the software sets the camera to master or slave, no configuration of nSelMaster is needed.

Connecting the master/slave interface
The master/slave interface consists of two signals. These two signals have to be connected 1:1
between the master and the slave camera(s).

NOTE



At least one ground signal must be connected in addition to the twotiming signals

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169

Example:

Pin
no.

Level

Connection at mastercameraConnection at slave
camera(s)1

RS 422

Incremental encoder (high,Optional)

open

2

RS 422

Light barrier (high, Optional)

open

3

LVCMOSnSelMaster (Bridge to 0 V)

Open, internal PullUp

4

LVCMOS--5

3.3 V over 100 Ohm

open

open

6

LVCMOS

Master/Slave-interface

Master/Slave-interface

7

0V

0V

0V

8

LVCMOS

Master/Slave-interface

Master/Slave-interface

9

RS 422

Incremental encoder (low,Optional)

open

10

RS 422

Light barrier (low, Optional)

open

11

0V

0 V(Bridge to nSelMaster)-

12

LVCMOS

-

-

13

0V

0V

-0 V

14

LVCMOS--

15

5 V over 100 Ohm

open

open

1:1 connections

11.10Image processing
Mirror image horizontally
Name
Name

Mirror image horizontally

Function

Mirrors the lines inside the camera.

Channels

All

Unit

Bool

Dependency

None

Notes

Function has to be switched off for the acquisition of the black value andshading reference (white balancing).

Camera:Function:

Lower limit

All

Off

Upper limit

All

On

This function changes the sequence of the pixels within the line, that means that the left pixels
are replaced by the right ones. As a result, the alignment of the line with the direction of transport
is possible, irrespective of the camera’s installation position (pixel 1 left or right).

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170With mirroring

Without mirroring

Swap red and blue color channel
Name
Name

Swap red and blue color channel

Function

On video output, the red and the blue channel are swapped

Channels

Red, blue

Unit

Bool

Dependency

None

Notes

Some frame grabbers first expect the blue channel instead of the red channel,
and this may cause wrong colors in the resulting image. Swapping thechannels can be done in real-time inside the camera. It is usually faster thandoing it with the frame grabber.

Camera:Value:

Function:

Lower limit

All

0

Off

Upper limit

All

1

On

Gamma correction
Name
Name

Gamma correction

Function

Performs a LUT operation for gamma correction with image data

Channels

All

Unit

Float

Step

0.1

Log.
Dependency

Notes

None


The value “0” causes the camera to ignore the mentioned image
processing step with the LUT; value “1” causes a linear LUT (output=input)
which may be used.



For the value 0.1, a special gamma table for sRGB conversion is
used!



For the value 0.2, a special gamma table for multi-spectral
applications is used!

This function must be switched off for the acquisition of the black value
and shading reference (white balancing).

Camera:Value:

Lower limitall0Upper limit

all

2.5

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171

A CCD sensor has a linear sensitivity (the brightness sensitivity of the humans is non-linear).
Gamma correction serves to adapt the linear sensitivity curve of a camera to the human eye.
As a result the brightness in certain areas of the image is increased and lowered in others.

OutputWith a gamma value of 1, the curve is linear, if the gamma value is lower than 1, the images aredarker, and images with a gamma value above 1 are brighter.

Input
Figure 39: Gamma correction

Color conversion matrix
Name
Name

Use color conversion matrix

Function

Enables the color conversion by a 3x3 matrix for example from RGB to sRGB

Channels

All

Unit

Bool

Dependency

None

Notes

Color conversion matrix has to be generated offline and must be transferred tothe camera.

Camera:Value:

Function:

Lower limit

All

0

Off

Upper limit

All

1

On

Select active CCM
Name
Name

Select active CCM

Function

Selects the number of the used color conversion matrix. 4 matrix tables are
selectable.

Channels

All

Unit

Integer

Dependency

Only available if the Use color conversion matrix check box has been
selected

Notes

Table 0 is the default table and not editable in CST.

Camera:Function:

Lower limit

All

Matrix 1

Upper limit

All

Matrix 4

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172

Use keystone correction
Name
Name

Use keystone correction

Function

Enables the function keystone correction.

Channels

Red, Blue

Unit

Bool

Dependency

None

Notes

Camera:Value:

Function:

Lower limit

All

0

Off

Upper limit

All

1

On

Sign: negativerefers to red channel

Sign: positiverefers to red channel
before correction,
after correction,

Sample with correction value of +3.5:

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173

Pixel shift for correction
Name
Name

Pixel shift for correction

Function

Sets the pixel shift up to +/- 4 pixels for the first and the last pixel. Between thecenter and the first and last pixels they are linearly interpolated between 0 andthe specified value.

Channels

Red, Blue

Unit

Float

Dependency

Only available if the option Use keystone correction has been activated.

Step

0.1

Notes

Camera:Value:

Lower limit

All

- 4,0

Upper limit

All

+ 4,0

Keystone correction width
Name
Name

Keystone correction width

FunctionStart value from the center for keystone/TCA correction

Channels

Red, Blue

Unit

Integer

Dependency

Only available if the option Use keystone correction has been activated.

Notes

Set to 1 to use as a standard keystone correction.

Camera:Value:

Lower limitAll

1 = default

Upper limit

2k

1,024

Upper limit

4k

2,048

Upper limit

7.3k

3,648

TCA (= Transversal Chromatic Aberration) is an objective-caused displacement of 3 colors
increasing at the edge.

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17411.11Output format
Video output mode
Name
Name

Video output mode

Function

Sets the output on the CameraLink port to different modes, for example RGB
as standard or to gray-level output.

Channels

All

Unit

Integer

Dependency

None

Notes

For the gray image calculation, the values of “Color w8s” are used.

Camera:Function:All

3x8 Bit / RGB

All

2x8 Bit / Gray / BaseAll

2x10 Bit / Gray / BaseAll

2x12 Bit / Gray / Base

OEM versions

Special modes are available

Lower limit

Upper limit

Color weights
Name
Name

Color weights

Function

Calculates the grey value for the pixel by using data from RGB, weighted withthis factor.

Channels

Red; Green; Blue

Unit

Float

Step:

0,01

LinearDependency

Notes

Only active if output mode on CameraLink is set to “Gray mode”
The sum of these 3 parameters should be 1. A higher value makes the image“brighter”, a lower value makes it “darker”.
Standard values by NTCS and the default values in the camera are thefollowing:
Red:
0.299
Green:
0.587
Blue:
0.114

Camera:Value:

Lower limit

All

0,0

Upper limit

All

1,0

CD40047_R04_allPIXA_User-Manual.docx

175CameraLink connection speed
Name
Name

CameraLink connection speed

Function

Sets the pixel clock on the CameraLink port to 85, 72.86 MHz or 63,75 MHz

Channels

All

Unit

Integer

Dependency

None


Notes




This function reduces only the pixel clock at the output, the internal clock is
not changed.
The minimum integration time might be limited by this function. Please see
the limitations in the table mentioned below.
For some applications it would be helpful to reduce the speed, for example
to be able to use the camera with longer cables.

Camera:Lower limit

Upper limit

FunctionAll

72.86 MHzAll

85 MHzAll63,75 MHz

Minimum integration time for different camera types at different output pixel clocks:

Frequency:

Base mode:

Medium mode:

2k

4k

7.3k

2k

4k

7.3k

85.00 MHz

24.4 µs

48.5 µs

86.1 µs

16.5 µs

29.0 µs

47.0 µs

72.86 MHz28.3 µs56.5 µs

100.4 µs

16.5 µs

29.0 µs50.3 µs

63.75 MHz

32.5 µs64.6 µs114.8 µs

16.5 µs

32.5 µs57.6 µs

Type of CameraLink interface
Name
Name

Type of CameraLink interface

Function

Sets the output to Medium or Base mode

Channels

All

Unit

Integer

Dependency

None


Notes




If Base mode is used, line rates and integration time are limited. For more
information, refer to the table shown below.
Output is in one-tap configuration in Base mode instead of two taps inMedium mode.
For Base mode the CameraLink connector 1 has to be used.

CameraFunction

Lower limit

All

CameraLink Base

Upper limit

All

CameraLink Medium

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176

Minimum integration time for different camera types at different CameraLink port types:

Frequency:

Base mode

Medium mode

2k

4k

7.3k

2k

4k

7.3k

85.00 MHz

24.4 µs

48.5 µs

86.1 µs

16.5 µs

29.0 µs

47.0 µs

72.86 MHz28.3 µs56.5 µs

100.4 µs

16.5 µs

29.0 µs50.3 µs

63.75 MHz

32.5 µs64.6 µs114.8 µs

16.5 µs

32.5 µs57.6 µs

Insert mode
Name
Name

Insert mode

Function

Enables different camera data displayed in the image (for example image
counter or line counter)

Channels

All

Unit

Byte

Dependency

None

Notes

The parameter inside the camera is measured in bytes. In CST the single
bits can be set by the check boxes.

CameraFunction

All

First line info blockAll

Test ramp in last line

All

Check sum in last line

All

Info block in each line

All

Activate pixel 9-16

All

Grey value sum  Contrast value sum

Information is displayed in the image as shown below:
First line info block:
Image-related information is shown in the first 22 pixels of the image’s first line.
The image functionality is required.



Info block in each line:
Line-related information is shown in the first 10 or 17 pixels of each line, depending on theselections for Insert Mode.



There are 2 options for the image’s last line:o Test ramp in last line: A test ramp is inserted into the last line. Image functionality isrequired. It starts with 128 from outside, increments with 1 and overruns with 255.
o Check sum in last line: The check sum for the image data is inserted into the lasttransmitted pixels of each tap. In the resulting image they are located centrically on
both sides of the tap border. Image functionality is required.

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177

Information:
Overview of LastLine IMGChk Sum:
Pixel line…

01.. n/2-3

n/2-2

n/2-1

n/2

n/2+1

n/2+2 ..

n-1

Vid

..

Vid

Vid Vid ..

Vid

LastLine R Vid Vid ..

Vid

ChkSumRed
Front(15:8)

ChkSumRed
Rear(15:8)

Vid

..

Vid

LastLine G Vid Vid ..

Vid

ChkSumGreen ChkSumGreen ChkSumGreen ChkSumGreen
Front(15:8)
Front(7:0)
Rear(7:0)
Rear(15:8)

Vid

..

Vid

LastLine B Vid Vid ..

Vid

ChkSumBlue
Front(15:8)

Vid

..

Vid

ChkSumRed
Front(7:0)

ChkSumBlue
Front(7:0)

ChkSumRed
Rear(7:0)

ChkSumBlue
Rear(7:0)

ChkSumBlue
Rear(15:8)

LastLine IMGChk Sum is in the last line and in the last 2 pixels of each tap. The number of pixelsof the camera n is 4096 when using a 4K-PIXA.
CHK sum overwrites the LastLine test ramp on the last 2 pixels of the tap and it consists of thelast 16 bits of the sum of pixels, from Pixel 0:0 until m:n-2 (with n-1 pixel per tap and m-lines
within the image). This means that the CHK sum is naturally not included in the sum.
Position in the image:
Front tap

Rear tap

MSB LSB LSB MSB
F

F

R

R

11.11.5.1 First line information
Information

Serial number

Image Count

Integrationtime

Line time

Pixel

Description

1–2–3–4

Displays the serial number of the camera as 16+16 bit value:Px 1
MSByte SerialNumber_FirstPart,Px 2
LSByte SerialNumber_FirstPart,Px 3
MSByte SerialNumber_SecondPart,Px 4
LSByte SerialNumber_SecondPart,
Each with the same value for RGB.
Sample:1000-1234 = allPIXA camera with serial number
1234

6–7

16 bit image counter starts with power on with 0 and could bepreset by software.
Px 6
MSByte,Px 7
LSByte,Each with the same value for RGB.

8–9

16 bit value of the actual integration time for the CCD in pixel
clocks at 85 MHz. Integration times, which are measured inµs, are IntTime/85.
Px 8:
MSByte,Px 9
LSByte,Each with the same value for RGB.

11 – 12 – 13

20-bit value of the current line time for the CCD in pixel clocks.
Line time, measured in µs, is LineTime/85.
Px 11:MSBytePx 12
MidBytePx 13
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178

Each with the same value for RGB.

Encoder clocks

14 – 15 – 16 – 17

Error register1832-bit counter starts with power on with 0 and overflows at
2^32.
Line trigger pulses (line trigger active) and encoder pulses(encoder active) counts depending on the selected mode; canbe used as position information by a sequence of documents.
Can be reset by software.
Px 14:MSBytePx 15higher MidByte
Px 16lower MidByte
Px 17
LSByteEach with the same value for RGB.
In case of any default, it will be inserted here.
„Real time clock”. Output is in a 16.8b seconds value.
TimeStamp (23:8) states the seconds when the power is on
or in case of reset. TimeStamp (7:0) issues the decimal
places in a multiple of 4 milliseconds. (0…249)
Sample:TimeStamp = 0x123456
 0x1234=
4660= 1h, 17min, 40 seconds

19 – 20 – 21

Time stamp

seconds

since

start

 0x56 = 86 *4= 344 ms.
Px 19
MSBytePx 20
MidBytePx 21
LSByteEach with the same value for RGB.
It is used for marking the info block with red pixels.
Red
xFF
Blue
x00
Green
x00

0 – 5 – 10 – 22

Markers

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

Time stamp

3

20

21

22

Information

Pixel

ChannelDescription

Error register

1

R

In case of any default, it is inserted here.

Line Count

1

G/B

16 bit line count since image startR (7)The highest bit has the value of “Speed2High” (the line
time decreases the specified integration time). Now, thecamera is in free-running line mode (only in Encoder/Line
trigger mode if the speed becomes too high).

EncoderclocksLine time

2

Integration
time

1

Image
count

0

Serial no.

Line 0

Pixel

Error reg.

Overview off the info block „First line info block“:

11.11.5.2 Each line information

Speed too high2Line time

2

R/G/B

20-bit value of the actual line time for the CCD in pixel
clocks. The line time, measured in µs, is LineTime/85.
Red
MSByte (3:0), Bits (6:4) are zero
Green
MidByteBlue
LSByteEncoder clock

3

R/G/B

24-bit counter starts at power on with 0 and overflows at
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179

Line trigger pulses (line trigger active) and encoder
pulses (encoder active) are counted depending on theselected mode and can be used as position information
by a sequence of documents. It can be reset by software.
Red
MSByteGreen
MidByteBlue
LSByteNext line
triggerposition

4

R/G/B

Information of the next line trigger position in encoder
pulses (only at encoder mode). The calculated position isshown in a 16.8b value. If encoder averaging is used, thevalue is divided by the average size.
Red
MSByte integer part
Green
LSByte integer partBlue
decimal place„Real time clock”
Output is in a 16.8b seconds value. TimeStamp (23:8)
states the seconds when the power is on or in case ofreset. TimeStamp (7:0) issues the decimal places in a
multiple of 4 milliseconds. (0…249)
Sample:TimeStamp = 0x123456

Time stamp

5

R/G/B

 0x1234=
4660
seconds= 1 h, 17 min, 40 seconds

since

start

 0x56 = 86 *4= 344ms.
Red
MSByteGreen
MidByteBlue
LSByteMax video
value

6/7

R/G/B

Maximum (raw-) video value for each color of the lastwhole line.
Pixel 6
FrontTap
Pixel 7
Reartap

Grey valuesum

10 - 15

R/G/B

Grey value sum of front and rear tap raw video inside theset line length of the last line as a value for the image
brightness.
Pixel 10
Red front
Pixel 11
Green front
Pixel 12
Blue front
Pixel 13
Red front
Pixel 14
Green front
Pixel 15
Blue front
For each pixel, this order is shown:
Red
MSByteBlue
MidByteGreenLSByteIt can be shown optionally with Contrast value sum.

Contrast valuesum

10 - 15

R/G/B

Contrast sums of front and rear tap raw video inside theset line length of the last line. It is a value of the image’s
sharpness.
Note: for example with 2048 pixels there are only 2047
difference values.
For ordering please refer to the “Contrast value sum” asfollows:

It can be shown optionally with Gray value sum.
Markers

0,9,16

R/G/B

CD40047_R04_allPIXA_User-Manual.docx

It is used for marking the info blocks with red pixels.
Red
xFF
Blue
x00
Green
x00

180

x0
0

Camera

CD40047_R04_allPIXA_User-Manual.docx

Value

Green Rear (15:8)

Green Rear (23:16)

Blue Rear (23:16)

14

Green Rear (7:0)

Blue Rear (15:8)

Red Rear (23:16)

13

Blue Rear (7:0)

Red Rear (15:8)

12

Red Rear (7:0)

Blue Front (23:16)

11

Blue Front (15:8)

10

Blue Front (7:0)

Green Front (23:16)

Info block

Green Front (15:8)

Red Front (23:16)

9

Green Front (7:0)

Red Front (15:8)

Reserved

8

Red Front (7:0)

Reserved

7

Reserved

MaxVal. Rear (7:0)

MaxVal. Front (23:16)

6

MaxVal. Rear (7:0)

MaxVal. Front (15:8)

Time stamp (15:8)

5

MaxVal. Rear (7:0)

MaxVal. Front (7:0)

Time stamp (15:8)

4

Time stamp (7:0)

Value

Next line pos. (15:8)

Encoder clock (23:16)

3

Next line pos. (7:0)

Encoder clock (15:8)

Green x0
0

Encoder clock (7:0)

x
F
F

2

Next line pos.
Frac,(7:0)

Blue1

Speed2High
Line time (19:16)

Error registerRed0Line time (15:8)

Line count (15:8)

Pixel

Line time (7:0)

Line count (7:0)

Overview at the info block „Each line info block“:
15

xFF

16

x00

x00

1
7

GreyValSum or ContrastValue
xFF

x00

x00

Information insertion mode

Name

Name
Information insertion mode

Function
Enables the function for displaying additional information in the image andselects the tap in which the information is displayed.

Channels
All

Unit
Byte

Dependency
None

Notes

FunctionAll

0First pixels

All1

Last pixels

All

2First and last pixels

181

11.12Special functions
Test pattern
To be able to check the system setup, it is helpful to generate exactly defined test images inside
the camera.
This explicitly helps to check:
1. Frame grabber connection
2. Frame grabber setting
3. Transmission quality over the CameraLink cable

Name
Name

Generate test pattern

Function

Enables different test images in the camera.

Channels

All

Unit

Integer

Dependency

None

Notes

The data are generated directly after the analog image processing. They pass
all the digital image processing steps

CameraValue

Lower limitAll

0 (no pattern)Upper limit

All5

The following different test images are available:

Image

Name
Test pattern 1:
Gray ramp in CCD-Direction

Test pattern 2:
Gray ramp in Transport-Direction
Scan direction:

forwardbackward

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182

Test pattern 3:
Red: X-Ramp
Green: XY-Ramp
Blue: Y-Ramp

Test pattern 4:
Sequence of 4 toggling images; 3 test patterns withparameter Test pattern level and one live image

Test pattern 5:
Grey value with parameter Test pattern level

Set Test pattern level
Name
Name

Set Test pattern level

Function

Sets the video level for some test images

Channels

All

Unit

Integer
LinearDependency

Only with test image 3 to 5

Notes

Refers to 10-bit image data

CameraValue

Lower limitAll0Upper limit

All

1023

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18311.13Register edit
All registers can be written directly on the camera.
There are two possibilities to directly modify the register: Permanent modification:
Values entered by the user are stored in the setting. If the setting is burned, they areavailable after the camera is restarted or after the setting has been loaded.
You can find this function in CST at Camera settings > Special functions > Register edit.
There are 4 places for saving register edits directly to a setting.
 Non-permanent modification:
Changes are transferred to the camera, but they are not stored permanently. If the camera
is restarted or a setting is reloaded, the changes get lost. You can find this function in CSTat the command Register edit of the Advanced menu.
It is possible to damage the function of the camera itself by using this function.
Therefore this is function is only available if User level has been set to Guru.
For more information, see section 9.14 “Setting the user level in CST”.

11.14Camera information
Camera serial number
Note

All allPIXA wave cameras have an individual serial number.
For any support, provide the serial number of the camera.

Name
Name

Camera serial number

Function

Returns the camera type and serial number of the camera

Channels

All

Unit

Two integers

Dependency

None

Notes

The first value is the camera type (10000 for the allPIXA camera). The second
value is the serial number

CameraRead only

Value camera type

Value serial number

Lower limit

All

10000

0

Upper limit

All

10000

65535

CD40047_R04_allPIXA_User-Manual.docx

184Setting description
Name
Name

Setting description

Function

You can write a short description for each setting of the camera.

Channels

All

Unit

String up to 40 characters

Dependency

None

Notes

Keep in mind that a carriage return counts as two characters! This may result
in descriptions that seem to be cut by the camera.

CameraValue

All

11.15Global Parameters
All camera parameters can be stored non-volatile within a data set called setting. Every
parameter can be changed from one setting to another except the parameter listed in thissection.
The parameters described in this section are valid, independently of the selected setting. They
are global.

Global master/slave config
Name
Name

Set global master-slave-mode

Function

Synchronization of more than one allPIXA cameras

Channels

All

Unit
The slave camera(s) must know if the master runs with encoder/line-trigger orin free-running mode!

Dependency
Notes

CameraLower limit

Upper limit

NOTE



Value

All

Get master-slave mode from setting

All

Camera acts as masterAll

Camera acts as slave

All

Auto-select by inputThis parameter overwrites the master-slave setup stored within eachsetting (see section 11.9.8)

CD40047_R04_allPIXA_User-Manual.docx

185Tracing
For test and debugging purposes, the camera writes process data to an internal logging
memory. Which data are logged, can be selected by selecting check boxes on the Tracing
page.
For more information, ask the Chromasens support.
E-Mail: support@chromasens.de
NOTE

Logging of process data reduces performance of the internal
microcontroller. Therefore the internal trace should only be activated fortesting. All tracing should be deactivated in real production mode of thecamera.

11.16Line trigger and encoder setup (Line synchronisation)
NOTE IDue to internal timing limitations there is a small delay in the start of theintegration time after the line trigger and this delay might jitter. Therefore, apulsed illumination which is synchronous to the trigger signal might cause
problems in image quality.

NOTE IIIf the camera is used in the “Triggered Frame Scan” with active LineTrigger or
encoder, the linesync (Encoder or LineTrigger) has to fit some pulses before lightbarrier input.

Enable encoder
Name
Name

Enable encoder

Function

Enables the line trigger or encoder mode in the camera and the main selection
between internal and external line trigger.
Without encoder, camera speed is defined by the values of Integration timeand optionally by Line period time. If encoder is enabled, camera speed if
defined by an external line trigger or by encoder pulses.

Channels

All

Unit

Bool

Dependency

None

Notes

If you use this mode, the external ports must be connected with the internalfunction using the IO Configurator of CST.

CameraFunction

Lower limitAll

Off / Internal

Upper limitAll

On / external

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186

Synchronization mode
Name
Name

Synchronization mode

Function

Selects the mode Encoder or Line trigger mode.

Channels

All

Unit

Integer

Dependency

Only available if Enable Encoder is active.

Notes

If you use this mode, the external ports must be connected with the internalfunction using the IO Configurator of CST.

Camera:Values:All

Encoder (Continue update)AllLine trigger mode (Const. int. time)

The following two modes are available:Line trigger mode:
With the line trigger, the camera sends one line per pulse:Line trigger

Int. timeInt. time

Int. time

Encoder mode:
The camera measures the distance of the signals and sends lines with the requested
resolution. An internal line trigger is generated. The desired transport and encoder
resolution must be specified in CST.

NOTE

Minimum pulse duration of the line trigger or encoder has to be 5 pulses of theinternal pixel clock of 85 MHz. Minimum pulse duration is 60ns. Otherwise, thepulse might be ignored due to debouncing within the camera.
Minimum speed with encoder mode is:V,min = mm/Encoder pulse
0,789sExample for the required minimum speed with encoder mode:
Encoder has 12,5 pulses per mm
1 Encoder pulse is 1/12,5mm = 0,08mm
 V, min = 0,08mm/0,789s = 0,101mm/s

CD40047_R04_allPIXA_User-Manual.docx

187Encoder channels
Name
Name

Encoder channels

Function

Sets the mode according to the edges of the encoder will be taken for speed
measurement.

Channels

All

Unit

Integer

Dependency

Only available if Encoder is selected at Synchronization mode

Notes

If you use this mode, the external ports must be connected with the internalfunction using the IO Configurator of CST.

CameraLower limit

Upper limit

Value

FunctionAll

0

One Channel full stepAll

1

One Channel encoderAll

2

2 Channel encoder

The following three modes are available:
0. One Channel full step (1 edge per step):

1. One Channel encoder (2 edges per step):

2. Two Channel encoder (4 edges per step):

NOTEBest results are reached with encoder mode 0 and without encoder averaging.
This mode avoids errors due to tolerances in the duty factor of the pulses.

CD40047_R04_allPIXA_User-Manual.docx

188Average size for the encoder
Name
Name

Average size

Function

Sets the number of increments taken for distance measurement to average thespeed measurement

Channels

All

Unit

Integer
None; 2x; 4x; 8x; 16x

Dependency

Only available if Encoder is selected at Synchronization mode

Notes

Best results are reached with encoder mode 0 and without encoder averaging.
This mode avoids errors due to tolerances in the duty factor of the pulses.

CameraLower limit

Value

All

None
2x
4x
8x

Upper limit

All

16x

Encoder resolution
Name
Name

Encoder resolution

Function

Sets the distance of which the transport might be moved by one increment of
the encoder.

Channels
Unit

Step:

Float

0.001

µm per increment (full step)
Dependency

Only available if Encoder is selected at Synchronization mode.

Notes

Refers to a full increment of the encoder.

CameraValue CST

Lower limit

All

0 µm

Upper limitAll100,000 µm

NOTE

The value Encoder pulses per line is calculated internally by the camera andmay not exceed 255. Recommended values are between 0.5 and 255. Take
notice that values less than 0.5 cause a decrease in transport resolution
accuracy. For information about detailed calculation, see section 11.16.6.

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189Vertical image resolution
Name
Name

Vertical image resolution

Function

Sets the desired transport (vertical) resolution for the encoder mode.

Channels

All

Unit

Float

Step:

0.01

DPI (dots per inch)
Dependency

Only available if Encoder is selected at Synchronization mode

Notes

This parameter is needed for the calculation of internal parameters for theencoder mode.

CameraValue CST

Lower limitAll

0DefaultAll4,000(*0,01dpi)

Upper limit

All

65535

NOTE

The value Encoder pulses per line is calculated internally by the camera andmay not exceed 255. Recommended values are between 0.5 and 255. Take
notice that values less than 0.5 cause a decrease in transport resolution
accuracy.

This value is calculated automatically with one of the following formulas with the values
that were specified using CST:
𝐸𝑑𝑔𝑒𝑠
𝑚𝑚
𝐸𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑟𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙 () ∗ 25,4 () ∗ 1000
𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ
𝐸𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑃𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑃𝑒𝑟𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 =µ𝑚
𝐷𝑜𝑡𝑠
𝐸𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 () ∗ 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛(
)
𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝
𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ
By using dots per inch (dpi) for this calculation, you must use the following formula:
𝐸𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑃𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑃𝑒𝑟𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛(𝑑𝑝𝑖) ∗𝐸𝑑𝑔𝑒𝑠/𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑝
𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛(𝑑𝑝𝑖)

The value for encoder pulses per line can also be calculated with the following formula:
𝐸𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑃𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑃𝑒𝑟𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝜇𝑚
𝐸𝑑𝑔𝑒𝑠/𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑝)∗
𝑝𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑙 𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛( 𝜇𝑚 )𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟

Afterwards CST shows the result.

NOTE

Vertical image resolution and Integration time have to be suitable to the
speed of the transport. The time for one line (Speed divided by resolution) should
be longer than the shortest possible integration time. In case of higher speed,
the camera switches to free-running line mode.

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190Line trigger / encoder reduction
Name
Name

Line trigger/encoder reduction

FunctionInternal pre-counter for the line trigger or encoder signal, outputs an internalline trigger after the specified value of signals from external line trigger source.

Channels

All

Unit

integer

Dependency

Only available if Enable encoder is selected.

Notes

CameraValue

Lower limitAll

1

Upper limit

All

256

If line trigger reduction is used, the vertical image resolution is reduced by factor:

𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑[𝑑𝑝𝑖] =𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛[𝑑𝑝𝑖]Line trigger reduction factor

𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑[µ𝑚] = Line trigger reduction factor ∗ 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛[µ𝑚]CD40047_R04_allPIXA_User-Manual.docx

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12

Appendix12.1 Calculations
Calculating the object-to-image distance
To be able to calculate the optical setup, you need the following parameters:Image size (Sensor size of camera (which is in use))Object size/widthFocal length (from data sheet of the lens)

Principal main plain distance (from data sheet of the lens)First, calculate the magnification:𝑚=

𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑆𝑖𝑧𝑒/𝑚𝑚
𝑂𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑆𝑖𝑧𝑒/𝑚𝑚

After getting the result for the magnification, calculate the object-to-image distance by following:Calculate the image distance:
𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝐹𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔ℎ𝑡 ∗ (𝑚 + 1)
Calculate the object distance:
𝑂𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝐹𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔ℎ𝑡 ∗ (

𝑚+1
)
𝑚

Calculate the object-to-image distance with note of the main plain distance:
𝑂𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑆𝑖𝑧𝑒 + 𝑂𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑆𝑖𝑧𝑒 + 𝑀𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒f = focal lengthy = object sizey’ = image size

You can see a calculation example on the next page.

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Example:
Camera:Object width/size:
Lens:

allPIXA camera 7300𝑚=

73 mm (10um/pixel * 7300 pixels)
450 mm90.1 mm real focal length-2.5 mm principal main plain distance

𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑆𝑖𝑧𝑒= 0.162
𝑂𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑆𝑖𝑧𝑒

𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝐹𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔ℎ𝑡 ∗ (𝑚 + 1) = 104.72 𝑚𝑚
𝑂𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝐹𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔ℎ𝑡 ∗ (𝑚+1) = 645,51 𝑚𝑚𝑚

𝑂𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑆𝑖𝑧𝑒 + 𝑂𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑆𝑖𝑧𝑒 + 𝑀𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 747.73(w/o glass plates in the optical path)

Calculating the distance rings for the allPIXA camera
Some applications require distance rings for mounting the lens in the right position on the
allPIXA camera. This section shows an example how to calculate the length of the distance ring.
To calculate the needed distance rings, you need some information about the optical setup:
Optical parameter:Real focal length (from data sheet)
Image distance (calculated)

Parameters of the lens:

Back flange length at infinite distance (from data sheet)

Parameters of additional focusing unit:

Minimum offset distance of the unit from flange of the lensMaximum offset distance

Figure 40

A calculation example is shown on the next page.

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Example:
Camera:Lens:

Focusing unit:

Object width/size:
1.

allPIXA camera 7300
Linos Apo Rodagon 90 mm
90.1 mm real focal length
93.5 mm flange length@infinite
Modular Fokus
Minimum offset
20 mm
Maxium offset
45 mm
450 mmCalculating image distance:a.

Calculating the magnification:𝑚=b.

𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑆𝑖𝑧𝑒/𝑚𝑚
𝑂𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑆𝑖𝑧𝑒/𝑚𝑚

Calculating the image distance:
𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝐹𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔ℎ𝑡 ∗ (𝑚 + 1)
Result is:104,72 mm

2.

Calculating the difference between image distance@infinite and flange length@infinite:
Image distance@infinite converged to focal length: 90.1 mm
Difference:
93.5 mm -90.1 mm = 3.4 mm

3.

Calculating flange distance at working point:
Flange distance@working point:
104.72 mm + 3.4 mm =108.12 mm

4.

Calculating the sum of the distances:
Real flange distance:+
Back focus of the allPIXA camera: Minimum offset focusing unit:Sum:=

108.1217.526 mm (C-Mount)20.0 mm70.954 mm

Therefore, we use a distance ring of 60.0 mm. This covers flange distances from 97.526
mm up to 122.56 mm.

Calculating the integration time
The relationship between the line frequency and the integration time is as follows:𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒/𝑠𝑒𝑐. =1
𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑢𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦/𝐻𝑧

For the calculation of the integration time the following parameters are necessary:o Maximum or nominal speed of the transport(mm/s)o Desired transport resolution(mm/pixel or dpi)
Calculate the integration time with the formula as follows:𝒎𝒎
𝑻𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ()
𝒑𝒊𝒙𝒆𝒍
𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆 =𝒎𝒎
𝑵𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍𝑺𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 ()
𝒔Note: If the transport resolution is stated in dpi and the speed in metric values, the values
have to be converted (1 inch= 25,4 mm).

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194Communication to the camera via the Chromasens API
Customer application

Chromasens API

Configuration
data
allPIXA

Figure 41: Chromasens API
The Chromasens API provides a set of functions for communication with the allPIXA camera.
With these functions, connection to the camera can be established via CameraLink or serial
RS232 connection.
Internal working parameters of the camera can be read and modified.
Convenience functions for calibration of the camera are provided.
Calibration of the camera can be performed to adapt to current illumination conditions.
Functions for low-level communication are also implemented in the Chromasens API.
A detailed description, example code and the necessary DLLs for integration are provided in the
CSAPI package, which can be downloaded from the allPIXA download area on our website.

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13

Maintenance and cleaning of the allPIXA camera
During operation of the device, particles such as dust etc. may be settled on the opticalcomponents (lens) of the camera. These negative deposits affect the optical image and thefunction of the camera.
Chromasens recommends regular inspection and cleaning. The cleaningintervals depend on the actual operating and ambient conditions (forexample dust-laden atmosphere).

13.1 Cleaning intervals
Cleaning intervals depend on the environment. Regular inspection and cleaning intervals mustbe specified depending on the degree of soiling.

13.2 Cleaning process
Body of the allPIXA camera heats up during operation.
Before cleaning, you have to switch off the device. Always allow hot
surfaces to cool down before cleaning the device.

The device works with electric power. Before cleaning the device, makesure that the device is disconnected from the power supply.

All surfaces requiring cleaning can be wiped with a soft, lint-free cloth which can be moistenedwith Isopropanol.
Never use any other liquid or cleaning agent than those stated in this manual.
Never use hard or sharp tools for cleaning the device.
Inspect the device to ensure that cleaning was effective and repeat, if necessary.
If it is not possible to clean a component due to irremovable contamination, it must be replaced.

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14

Service and repair
The device works with electric power. Before cleaning the device, makesure that the device is disconnected from the power supply.

Body of the allPIXA wave camera heats up during operation.
Before you work on the device, you must switch off the device. Always
allow hot surfaces to cool down before cleaning the device.

Do not perform any repairs at the device by yourself, except, if you needto maintain, exchange spare parts or adjust scanning position.

The manufacturer of the superior system is responsible for all repairs and service matters, repair
activities as well as exceeding the exchange of spare parts have to be done by the manufacturerof the superior system which is either the device manufacturer Chromasens GmbH or the
exclusively authorized partner.

Keep the original package for a possible return of the device because thedevice has to be returned in the original package to avoid damages.

14.1 Return address for repair
Please contact the Chromasens service first before you return the camera.
Please ask for an RMA number before you return the camera to the manufacturer.
Chromasens GmbH
Max-Stromeyer-Straße 116
D-78467 Konstanz
Germany
Phone: +49 (0) 7531 - 876-0
Fax:+49 (0) 7531 - 876-303
E-Mail: info@chromasens.de
Internet:www.chromasens.de

14.2 Disposal
The device consists of different kinds of material and for its disposal the materials have to be
separated according to the local regulations. The material has to be disposed properly to avoid
and to minimize any environmental or human impact.

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15

EC conformity declaration

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198July 2018 Copyright by Chromasens GmbH

Chromasens GmbH
Max-Stromeyer-Straße 116

Phone: +49 7531 876-0

www.chromasens.de78467 Konstanz

Fax:

info@chromasens.de+49 7531 876-303

Germany

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