NEW OR LITTLE-KNOWN SPECIES OF ASIATIC
TIPULIDAE (D?PTERA). IV
BY

P.

CHARLESALEXANDER
1

Massachusetts

Amherst,to the Tipuline
The crane flies discussed
at this time belong
and Tipula,
all materials
genera Holorusia
being from northern
I againIndia where they were collected by Dr. Fernand Schmid.
to Dr. Schmid for the
express my sincere thanks and appreciation
privilege of studying this series of Tipulidae.
Genus
Holorusia
277,
Ctenacroscelis

Loew;
1863.

Ctenacroscelis
Ctenacroscelis
Holorusia

Dipt.

HOLORUSIA

Amer.

Ind.,

Sept.

Enderlein;

Zool.

Edwards;

Stylops,

Alexander;

Philippine
J. Nat.
Hist.,

Vane-Wright;

Loew

Cent.

Jahrb.,
Syst.,
1: 145-150,
Jour.

IV;
32:

1-2,

Ent.

Ztschr.,

7:

1912.

1932.
Sei.,

1(4):

Berlin.

94:

540-547,535-543,
1967.

1965.

an extensive genus of Tipuline
Holorusia
crane flies
comprisesthat chiefly is of note in including the largest known membersofthe family and among the largest of all D?ptera.
The somewhat
less than 100 species presently
known are chiefly Oriental
andeastern Palaearctic
in distribution, with fewer in the Australasianand Ethiopianinregions,
including about half a dozen
speciesand
itssatellite islands.
40 species
Madagascar
Approximately
are known from the countries
that comprisethe former British
India and Burma.
In the New World
the only known species is
the genotype, Holorusia
rubiginosa Loew {grandis Bergroth,1888)
which has a wide distribution
in western North America,presently
south tobeing known from AlaskaPark),(McKinley National
eastward to Arizona
and Utah.
Baja California, Mexico,of the genus commonly
Members
are plain in color and are
difficult to separate into species.
The most satisfactory characters
include the presence or absence of the nasus, structure of the antennae, and particularly
1 Contribution

the malefromthe Entomological

ENT.

SOC,

hypopygium,includingthe tergite,

Laboratory,

Universityof Massa

chusetts.

(361)
TRANS.

AMER.

VOL. 97

362

ASIATICTIPULIDAE

In
and the eighth sternite.
basistyle, both dististyles, phallosome,many species this last structure has its posterior border unmodified,on slide mounts
to be convex in outline, without
lobes
appearingor modified
In still other species this structure has
setal pencils.
and often is provided
variously indented or emarginate
distinctive
groups or brushes of setae, in some species thesebeing very long and conspicuous.
In a personal communication,
Mr. Vane-Wright,of the British
has indicatedMuseumthat the insufficiently(Natural History)
actu
known fly described as Tipula pluto Brunetti,
from Tonkin,
a
is
of
1:
memberthis
Edwards
237,
genus.
1932)
ally(Stylops,
the borderwith

had referred the species to the subgenus Formotipula
Matsumurain Tipula, while Alexander
Jour.
57:
Sei.,
86, 104,(Philippine
because of the1935) retained it in Tipula but not in Formotipula
as described by Brunetti.
structure of the ovipositor
This species
areand the equally striking Ctenacroscelis
carmichaeli(Brunetti)
among the most beautiful
in a joint paper
discussed

crane

flies known and will be further
and the writer now inby Vane-Wrightpreparation.

was considered as being
For many years the genus Ctenacroscelis
distinct from Holorusia
and virtually all of the Old World
species
were assigned to it. In the critical review by Vane-Wrightabove
cited the genus is treated in detail and all known
species listed.
a
as
name
to
correct
of
still
is
the
There
the genotype ofquestion
there are two names, Holorusia
rubiginosa Loew
in 1863, withand Holorusia
both proposed
rubiginosa(Bigot),some doubt as to which name has priority.
The replacement name

Holorusia

since

for rubiginosa Loew of grandis Bergroth has been adopted in recent
years and it seems advisable to retain it until the matter of priority
in the case of rubiginosa has been established.
Holorusia

agni

n.

to

brobdignagia

Belongs
mesonotal
mm);
four

slate

the

sp.

praescutum
thatstripessizegroup;
large
(wing
with
sides broadly
orangeare veryborderednarrowlyof maleyellow,

over
disk

40
with

by brown,
pleurastripe;legs dark orange,
tips
of femora
and tibiae not darkened;fulvousbrown,
wings
deep
unpatternedareas
for vagueof cells Cuiand 1st A, veinsin centersdark
exceptpale
graya veryorangewithorange;abdominal

narrow

dark

brown

tergitesdark

cinnamondorsalbrown,

sternites

obscureorange,CHARLES

brownishhypopygiumof verygroup
near midlength,longyellow

the

lobes

low

posteriorand obtuse;

long

and

very

abundant,plate.
Male.

?

363

ALEXANDER

maleyellow;hypopygium
lobes
scarcelydeveloped,
face
setae; mesal
yellow

emarginate,of long erect

shallowly
a brush

P.

with
on

includingvery

tergiteapex withaapex with

beforeof basistyleatatbroadest
sterniteveryeighthextensive,a very deep U-shapedwithemargination,
setaeof the disk
thosemarginalinconspicuous,setae;
borderthe outerabout

involvingfour-fifths

about 34-35 mm; wing 41-43 mm;
antennaLengthof headthan the remainder,
prolongation
longerthe long nasus;
Antennae
black.
palpi brownish

Frontal

of

apex
sides

a trifle darker;
segment
flagellar
Head
above
dull orange
withsegmentsanearlyevident

scarcely

theof

5.9-6 mm.

about
fulvouscylindrical,

sternalorange,terminal
fulvous,verticils
short.
more

capillaryreddened

vitta.
Pronotumorangevery

orangetheyellow,
narrowly

Mesonotal

with
sides
praescutum
broadlyslate graythat areconspicuous
stripesmore
evident
intermediate
brown,
anteriorly,

yellow.
disk with

four

with

margined
confluenta single major
in front; each scutallobe withslate
is narrowly
the suture;line behindmarginedby a brownanterior
halfof medianof scutum
fulvoushalforange,regionposterior
morebrownishscutellum
obscured;gray, parascutella
brown;
mediotergite
withdisk broadly
brownishlateral borders
and mostof pleurotergite
gray,
stripesgrayvirtually
area
that

callosities
orange;posteriorpraescutalinterspaces,
posteriorscutellum
and mediotergite
withsetae, muchpale
longera verynarrow
with
dark
brown
line on extreme
orange,theanepisternum,
palerbrown;
Halt?reswithwithyellow,dark orange,

darker,terminal

Wings
and

intensedorsalofedge

posteriorbrownishsegment
fulvouswithbrown,

with

vague

pale areas
differentiated

from

the

m-cu

at neartwo

1st A;
darkveinsorange,scarcely
Petioleof cell Mi
about
one-half

Abdominal
dark cinnamon
tergites
ish yellow,
sternites
obscureorange;area of tergite
brownish
the
gray,
Male

hypopygium

bordervery
shallowlywithabundant

1) with

(fig.

sides

base

of

as
very
setae,
long yellow
short yellow
setulae.
Basistyle,setae.
Outer
verylong yellow
AMER.

tergite,the lobes

ENT.

SOC,

setae

tergalandyellow,

graycentralyellow,erect.

narrowly

narrow,posteriorouterthird ofscarcely
evident;
are lacking
at midline

that

the

setuliferous

described;b, nearapex

dististyle,VOL. 97

borders
brownisht, longsetulaeofm;lateralhypopygium
brushesoftheemarginate,
short blacknear

brown,a conspicuous
epi
of
in centers

yellow

Venation:ground.
thirds M3+j,.

TRANS.

lobes,
Pleurastem light brown,
trochantersdarkerremainderof legs
setae;
long paleorange;on femora
without
or tibiae,
third and fourthtarsaldarkenings

segments

margins,

scutalmore
extensively
pleurotergite
and dorsopleural
membranepalerorange.
knob dark brown.
coxae orange
Legs withandpropleura
ventralpleurites

condyle.
cells Cui

plate
outer

of

behind.

area withextremed,bordertergalof mesalface withbroad,

slightly

andon

a concentration

less

with

dense

a group
of
twice
than

364

ASIATICanearbase withinner
rounded;style on margin
a few
dark
short
with
the opposite
setae,
marginbeforethe lower marginsetae; apex flattened,tipyellowas wide,apex
lobe provided

as

long
roundedwithwithsparselongera rounded
lobe,

nite,

8s,

very

conspicuous,

relatively

abundant

yellowsetae,

midlength,

lateralborders;posterior

low

ones

marginal

relatively

by

being

Eighthflange.
the basal

withmarginthe base of

toin length
equal
outer
four-fifths
narrow;inconspicuous
the plate.

relatively
surface
of

the

with

near

is virtuallyobtuse,

but

blade

at

of

face

the

reaching
notch
that

a

the

broadest

theextensive,

U-shaped
low andlong
over

TIPULIDAE

short,
directedofster

impressions
a very deep

sternitestyle;
withthose

on disklaterad

and

of

lobes
very
lobes

cephalad?

$ ,Nizong, Kameng, North East Frontier Agency,$ ,Nafra,feet, June 27, 1961 (Schmid).
Paratype,
4000
June
1961
feet,
26,
(Schmid).
Kameng,of theHolorusia
agni is most readily told from other members
Holotype.
Assam, 4800

brobdignagia group by the thoracic pattern, intensely fulvous wings,
theand in the details of hypopygial
structure, including especiallyterofconformation
theandsternite.
The
tergite, basistyleeighthgite is somewhat as in H. vishnu n. sp., but the eighth sternite is
The name agni is derived from the Hindu designaquite different.
of Fire,tion for the God

suggestedby the intense

fulvouscolor ofthe wings.
Holorusia
Tipulacerbereana(Alexander)

Brunetti;

fumipennis

Rec.

IndianHudson,pied by Tipula
fumipennis
Ctenacroscelis
Edwards;
fumipennis
Ctenacroscelis
cerbereanus
Alexander;

Mus.,
1892.

6:

250,

1911;

1: 149,
1932.
44:
Indian Mus.,

Stylops,
Rec.

name

preoccu

29,

1942.

in the easterntaken at Darjiling
type is a female,thecharacterized
Edwards
1909.
June
3-9,
briefly
Himalayas,
on
a
at
in
district.
taken
Sureil
based
the
male,
specimen
Darjiling
I am providing further details on the male hypopygium
and desig
Brunetti's

natingMale
convex,an allotype.
borderof/, slightly
tergite,(fig. 2) withposteriorarea
area slightly more
into a small depressed
producedwithshort yellow
borders
the lateral
setulae,providedyelhypopygium
the medianis densely
lowed, withlong setae.
inner margin
thickened,

that

lower
very stout,
in about
fourstrong

beak

Outer

teeth

or

d,

dististyle,nearlyparallelbeak produced
points.

with
intorelatively
the outer;a sclerotized

Phallosome,narrow,
inner
platep, withapex obtuse,style as figured;that terminates
gonapophyses

CHARLES

andaedeagus

nite,

8s,

365

ALEXANDER

and narrow,in length
and size.
Eighthsubequalborderthe setiferous
convex,very gently
posteriorcentral marginal
the restricted
longeronly
part withon the midline.
but lacking
bristlesabundant

ster

long

extensive,
small,

relatively
the smallP.

lateralarea
setae,?
Pauri Garhwal, Kumaon,
S Khumyara,,
India, 4300
Allotype.
5000 feet, May 28, 1958 (Schmid).
Other
from Sikkim
5,(Manu, 4920
feet, August
specimens
1959; Singhik, 3700 feet, August 7, 1959) agree with the allotype
in the tergite and phallosome
but differ in details of the dististyles
and eighth sternite.
In this material
the outer points of the innerand virtuallystyle are very reduced in one specimen
lacking inthe sternal setae are longer and extended muchanother, while
farther cephalad along the midline.
It is possible that these speci
mens will be found to represent a distinct race or perhaps a closely
relatedspecies.

Holorusia

glebosa

Belongsof mesonotum

to then.

sp.

to cerbereana;
alliedcolorationgroup,
generalbordered
the four praescutalbrown,
stripesnarrowlyouter
two segments
antennal
dark brown;
flagellum
brown,
albovittata

dark

by dark brown;
femorayellowish

narrow,brown,
blackened;tips conspicuously
wings
strongly
area overcord
obliterative
anteriorvery
especiallyanteriorly;
veins
male
with
bordernarrow,glabrous;
unusually
hypopygium
posterior
of
lobes
outer
lateralconcave,tergitebroadlysmall,
rounded;dististyleinfuscated,its
broad,
in outline,

inner margin
thickened,
conspicuouslycoarseits outer margin
withparallel

inner

very

style

ridges;phallosome

irregularwithsternitesuboval,gonapophyses
darkened,aedeaguslarge;
eighthrelatively
withbordersub
very
extensive,
setae,
relatively
posteriorinconspicuous
to gently
truncateconvex.
Male. ?
about 22 mm; wing
30 mm;
antenna
4 mm.
about
LengthFrontalof headredark brown,sides
the nasus,
prolongation
includingbrownishterminal
darker.
brown;
strictedly
paler
palpi
black,
segment
Antennae
lum

with

scape

somewhat

nearlyabove

darkenedyellowed,
above,
pedicelflagellight brown,
two outerdark
segments
brown;
flagellarsegments
ones
intermediate
beneath.
Headenlargedslightly

darker,thecylindrical,

dark brown,
the verticalbroadlyincludingtubercle,latter moredark brown,
from
genae
reddened;separated
orbitsarea, posterior
ening by a paler
narrowly
silvery.
Pronotumdark brown,
silvery
the pleural
Mesonotal
stripe.
ing four brownish
gray
stripesyellowofmarginstrans,

broadlyamer.

thebrown,
ent.

soc,

on

sides,

vol.

97

interspaces

sides
central

of

the

dark

this being
end
the anteriordark brown,
includpraescutum
generallythat are borderedbyrestricted

the
the

dark

obscurebrown,

lateralorange;scutal366

ASIATICTIPULIDAE

the internalareas,
pair borderedthethe suture,orangespot adjoining
morescleritesof notum
the postnotum
brown,
posteriorandscutellum,
cept behind;mediotergite
anapleurotergite
lobes

to

brown

three

with

a

leave

small

setae.

delicate

Pleuraclear

sternopleurite
from

extending
dered
by
stem

a narrow

brownish

black

with
Legs
paler.
trochantersbrown;

grayishyellow;ously

blackened;yellow,epicondyle
central
spine

brown

and

light gray;dorsopleuralarea
to beneathcervicalthenarrowly

stout,

variegatedwithbrownishHalt?resstripe.
basesof coxae

long paleventralyellow,

regionnarrowly
the wing
root,
dark

light
ventrallyyellow,bor
basebrown,
brown,

broadlyofapicesfemorabrown,
yellowish
tips conspicu
tarsi brownish
darkened;
tips narrowly
light brown,of terminal
claws
segment
very
conspicuous;
relatively
narrower
obtuse.
inthanin lacunosa,
Wingsstrongly

tibiaein the prearcularand costal
especiallyarea at anterior
cordpale obliterativeof cordveinsbasadbrownishyellow,

fuscated,fields,brown;

very
the

ous;

brown
by darker
area dark;
centralex
gray pruinose

darkerstigmavaguely
narrowand inconspicu

outer
veins
radialpale
at outer
R virtually
ends.
veins
behindWing
especiallyglabrous,of Ri+5 withsectionfive or six widely
trichiaofpunctures;
separatedR veryand scattered.
Rs
Venation:sparseshort, very
longerslightly

yellow,
distalveinthan R2+3, R*m-cu

at forkat nearlatter;one-third

Abdominal

tergitesandsegments

the
pale.
3)
hypopygium
lateralbordertheconcave,posteriorbroadly
as in the related
Outerd, broad,
dististyle,spe
inner style distinctive,
thickened;
conspicuously
shapednarrow;yellow,outerofof cell Mt
petiolelongerthe length of Ms+i.

pleuraldark

membranebrown,

Male

chiefly

than m;cellsternites(fig.

1st M*
fulvous

witht, relatively
small,
tergite,
lobes
small
and rounded.
cies, the inner margin
as figured,
about
the
secondblunt

outlineprojection

lel ridges.
Phallosome,in areato the darkened
tensive,the posterior

relatively

inconspicuous
area
setiferous

darker;teriordistinct

setae

very

longitudinalbeneath,p, with

a
beak
with
very
irregular;
obtuse,broadly
coarsethe outer marginof style withparal
aedeaguslarge and stout, subequal
unusuallyexsternite,
8s, veryapophyses.
Eighthto gently
area withsubtruncate
centralconvex,setae marginal,
the longest
the others
setae,
yellow,in position,
centralnarrowed
the morebehind,pos
subovalborderthesmall,
rows.

intermediateones

forming

two more

or

less

?
$ , Nafra, Kameng, North East Frontier Agency,
Holotype.
4000 feet, June 26, 1961 (Schmid).
Assam,
cer
The most nearly related regional species include Holorusia
bereana Alexander
and H. lacunosa n. sp., all distinguishedfromon 2 another chiefly by the structure of the maleinhypopygium,
the
inner
and
sternite.
tergite,cluding
dististyle, phallosome
eighthP.

CHARLES

Holorusia

n.

lacunosa

about
are

that

stripessp.

to the albovittata

Belongsof male367

ALEXANDER

30 mm);

group,
mesonotal

narrowlybordered

to cerbereana;

alliedsize medium

withpraescutum
brown;by darker

withantennal
low, vaguelydarker;flagellum
patterned
or two segments
femorabrownishblack;
yellow,tips
bya vaguemoreobliterativevaguely
area

at

ceded
fuscated,

cord

very

irregular;very small;area
centralphallosome
sterniteeighthmore

aboutbrownishorange,terminalyelonebrownishblack,
preinstrongly
anal fields,

lobes

short

inner style
tip obtuse,
withdarkened,apophyses
conspicuously
borderconvex,very extensive,
posterioraedeagus
the broadandabundant

produced,setae.
?
LengthyellowMale.

graypleurasternitesbrown,
tergitestrun
but evident,
apicesoutlinelong and narrow,abdominal

conspicuous;
withtergalmale
yellowed;
hypopygiumcate; outer dististyle
broad,

brownishbroad,
relatively
ring; wings
brown
darkerin cubital
andyellowedwithpatterned

(wing

four

with

provided

24-25

mm;

30-32.5

wing

long

unusuallyantenna

mm;

about

3.8

3.9 mm.
?

Female.
Frontal
brown
palpi

Lengthabout

prolongationofabove,
brownishflagellum

thesegments
nearly
with
short
very
orbitsand broad
CervicalMesonotal

nasus,

region

genae
and

scape

to

dark

brown

on

the

dark
remainder,sides and beneath;onbrown,

lighttwosegments
ones
intermediateHeadpedicelblack;

proximalslightly
centralproducedthat are narrowly
gray areasbrown
in front withbehind,aredarkenedareas,

posterior

lowishbrown;

darkerbrown,

precededyellowish
by a moreyellowsetae;

pleurotergite

pale

mediotergite

withbrown,

long

brown,

setae,
yellow
the declivitous

more

yellowed

AMER.

ENT.

sides.
fourparascutella

SOC,

yel

borderposteriorthat bears
long

area
centralyellowedbrownishwithabove,
yellowlong yellow
Pleurabrownishglabrous.
vaguelyyellow,knob
dark brown.
fore coxae
brown,
Legs withhind pairs paler
brown
with
broad moreyellowedbrownishlow; femora
tips conspicuously
yellow,

TRANS.

on
with

the
brown,by darker
lobes withtwo brownish

setae, katapleurotergite
yellow,on the sternopleurite,
with
brown
darkervery
patterned
pale
dark
brown
dorsalobsoletebehind,stripe narrowed
becoming
membrane
Halt?reswithroot; dorsopleuralwinglight yellow.

by a vague

beneath,narrow

scutalbrown;
paler
area paledarker
withcentralbrown,
margineda conspicuousside of theorangespot on either
the suture;scutellumwithdarkenedbasal
paired

broad

of
point
half paler

borderednarrowly

paler,
flagellar

the

part,

pale brown,
pruinose.
dark brownpronotum
above,
light yellow
withobscureorange,groundinterspaces

that
gray
stripesand lateralborders

humeralin length
brown

paler

with
or

one
the

cylindrical,
verticils.

praescutum

brownishlong
Antennaeterminal

31 mm.

wing

subequaltheincluding
black.

orange,28 mm;
head

ring;
VOL.

tibiae97

brownish

pale

the

stem
middlelightandtrochantersyelbrown,

apices;brownishyellow,

above,
beforeblack,

theprecededdark
tips narrowly

368

ASIATIC

tarsi

ened;

tively
brown
cell
but
tion:

last tarsal
segment
brown;
outer
tooth subacute,
with

light
claws

epicondyle,

TIPULIDAE

broad,

infuscated,stigmastronglyof m-cuwith
Cut
spot at junction
1st A adjoining
vein 2nd A', whitened
the ground;
veins
and m
subequal;againstconspicuous
Petioleof cell Mi

male

of
basal

a

with
acute.

spine

conspicuous
rela
Wings
a darkerconcolorous,
virtually
and a narrowdarkenedarea

obliterative

seam

in

narrowat cordCu darker.
Venayellow,at or beforeofmidlengthorange
m-cu

M3+i.
Basal
darker;tergitesonyellowed,
fulvousbrown.

sternitesorange,hypopygium
base more
uniformly
with

cerci

very

dark

liver

straight.
long,the major

sternitesbrown,
Male
hypopygium

lobes
plate;
borderoftruncate;

separatednotch
narrowly

Outer

setulae.
andd,dististyle,irregularly

produced,somewhattergites
into brownish

segments
passing
In female,abdominal

setae

thickenedouterbrown,

light
outer

long,

/, unusually
two-fifths
ofapicesshortof maleabdominal
basal

obscureconspicuous,by a narrow

beyondtergites

yellow;4) with(fig.
restrictedabout

ovipositor
the tergite,
to outerU-shaped
emargination,
darkenedand fringed
with
very

broad,

tip

basal

very

thickening

outer marginof
inner margin
inner
setae;
style

obtuse,
long;

with
half
rounded,long yellow
conspicuouslyorof an opening
the outer
half
withevidencesvery
elongate,
irregular,that may
not be a normalbase of style with
abundant
darklacunafeature;setae.
theobtuse,p, unusually
stout,
Phallosome,darkened,
gonapophyses
as long blades,outer part produced
small.
very
aedeagus
Eighthcephaladproximalcaudad,area
bordercentralthe broadconvex,posteriora transverse
to formthat isproducedshield-shaped
portionones
withthe posterior
directed
very abundantsetae,
long yellow
fromandthe others
outwardthe central
the lateralarea,
radiating

cephalic

setae

8s,
more

sternite,slightly
providedextensive,

very

long,

setulae

of

sides

small

and

inconspicuous.

?

North East Frontier$ , Nyukmadong,
Holotype.
Kameng,8000 feet, April 23, 1961 (Schmid).
Allotopo
Agency, Assam,
3 S $ ,with the type.
type, 9 ,with the type. Paratopotypes,
cerbereana
The most nearly related species include Holorusia
and H. glebosa n. sp., all species being mostAlexander
readily
separateddististyle,structure, particularly
by the hypopygial
andphallosome
eighth sternite.

Holorusia
Belongs

innern. sp.

vanewrighti

to the brobdignagia
alliedgroup,
to about 40 millimeters;
thoracicsize large to very
the dorsal
pleuralight yellow,
an epicondyle;terminal
tarsalwith
narrow;segmentwings
an obscurearea at the anterior
whitenedcord,posteriorlarge, wing
darkened
stripeinfuscated,

the tergite,

with

cord

narrowly

nites

conspicuously

borderedlightby

to majestica;

abdomendark
brown;
male
hypopygium

yellow;

brown
with

basal
above,a concentration

ster
of

CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 369

Text-figs.
Holorusiabosan.

hypopygium;
Holorusia
Symbols:

1-6. ?

Fig.

cerbereana
sp.,

male

Fig.
vishnu1, Holorusia

Alexander,
hypopygium;

5, Holorusia
n. sp., maleb, basistyle;

d,

agni
male

n.

sp., malehypopygium;
4, Holorusia

Fig.

vanewrighti

hypopygium;

Fig.

2,

3, HolorusiagleFig.
n. sp., malelacunosa

n. sp., malehypopygium;

Fig.

sternite;t, tergite.

6,

hypopygium.
dististyle;p,phallosome;

s,

setae
at apexof basistyle;
black
basal
half
of inner dististylewithstrongsetae on outer margin;
black
abundant
sternite witheighthposterioremargithe lobes
and margin
nationwithabundant
very
extensive,very
yellow
the midline
those nearer
setae,
longer.
Male. ?
28-33 mm;about
32-40 mm;
antenna
4.5-5
about
Length
wing
mm.

370

ASIATIC?

Female.

about

LengthFrontalprolongation
ish black,pedicelpaler;
reduced.
verticils
veryverticalPronotum

41 mm.
40 mm; wing
dark brown;
palpi

black.

of headchestnut

tubercle

TIPULIDAE

Antennae

brown

segments
only
produced
flagellar
slightly
Headabovebrownishfront
obscuregray,brown.

beneath;yellow,

sides
Mesonotal
above,
broadlypraescutum
yellow.
the intermediate
confluent
inter
gray
behind,stripes,pair
to brownish
dark brownlateral margins
spacesblack,
light yellow;
broadlysuturescleritesof notumgray,posteriordarker;uniformly
mediotergite
on sides, pleurotergite
darkenedclear
thelight yellow
exceptbroadly
along

with

brown

four

darkened

clear

light

with

border;katapleurotergite
the dorsal
dark brown

posterior

Pleurayellow,

furcateelevatedridges.

the protuberant
includingand the sclerotizedanepisternum,
stripecervicaldorsaledge ofregion,propleura,a paleron sternopleurite.
at wing
brown
cloud
base;
brown
to brownish
base of stem restrictedly
brown.
black,
area

Halt?res

dark

coxae
Legs with
obscureyellow,bases
of fore pair weakly
trochantersdarkened;yellow,at tips; tibiae
andwithfemorainto black
darker;patterned
brown,
passing
an epicondyle,antarsi darklast tarsal
claws with
withbrown;
segment
on anterior
tooth.
ratherobtuseinfuscated,
half,
Wings
especiallystrongly
an obscurearea
atwhiteneddifferentiated;slightly
only
from vein Ri to cell 1st M2; m-cu
and distal
sectionextendingborderedbrown.
veinsby brown;
narrowly
stigmaanterior

cord,of Cui

Abdominaland hypopygiumbasal
dark brown;sternites
tergites
conspicu
outerdark brown.
Malesegments(fig. 5)hypopygium
borderextended
into two broad
bladest, long, posterior

ously
with

light yellow,
the tergite,

that

are

setae,

thebyseparatedouterlateral

a

very
deep
ones
yellow,a concentration
part withat base, morenarrowed
basal

half

distalhalfspine,

small,
outer

apophyses
third,

spondingly
onshortertheexpanded,narrower,

flexedofstout

narrow

half,

outer

marginin ab,

tip moredilated.

mesal

p,Phallosome,narrowest

posteriornarrow
the

than

?

outer

d, broad
dististyle,inner style withobtuse;broadlyabundant
black
delicate
setae,
a strongresmall
trifid beak, with

8s, veryextensive,
sternite,Eightha veryborderbroad
withemargination
the marginwithabundant
very
lobes,
those more

on

apex
with

oval.

lobes

with

lobes

emargination,

longer.
Basistyle,setae.
Outerblack

on outerterminating
beforemarginlower

andbasally

near

very
on

with

corre

yellowsetae,

the midline.

s , Taking Dzong, Kameng, North East Frontier
7000 feet, May
12, 1961 (Schmid).
Allotopo
Agency, Assam,
numerouswith$,? 9 . Para
type,
type. Paratopotypes,
pinned7800 feet, May
types, $ $ , Jhum La, Kameng,
13, 1961; Kelang,
7000
6000
feet, July 16, 1961
feet, July 21, 1961; Rahung,
Holotype.

(Schmid).

CHARLES371

ALEXANDERP.

The species is named for Mr. Richard
who
Irwin Vane-Wrighthas made outstanding
studies of this genus in the British Museum
as mentioned
Other
earlier in this paper.
(Natural History),
similar
Holorusia
includefulvolateralis
generally
regional species
and some others defined by(Brunetti), H. majestica(Brunetti)
in details ofall differing among themselves
writer,ofthestructure, especiallyhypopygial
tergite, basistyle, both disti
andof stout black setae onthesternite.
The
brush
styles,eighththe basistylein the present fly is similar to that found in majestica
but the other hypopygial
structures are different in the two species.
the present

Holorusia

vishnuBelongs
mesonotal

to the

are

n.

sp.

size very
about 40 mm);group;
brobdignagia
large
(wing
cinnamonbrown withfour grayish
that
brown
praescutum
stripesa broaddarkerthoracicbrown
dorsalbrown,
pleura withbrownishinterterminalorange,black,
flagellum
segment
in malefemorachestnut
segments
produced;tips
stronglyyellow,brownishrich brown,
cell C andbroadly
black; wings
strongly
tinged withfield
darkerveinsseamedprearcularbrown,
brown,
restrictedly
by darker
borderedbyantennal

stripe;mediate2nd

includingabdominalA;

subterminal
yellow,low; malehypopygium

segments
withunmodified;
truncate;
setae,

dististyles
inner styleof beak
apex

terminal,
narrow,ofapex
its outeroutermarginbrownishsternites

tergitesbrown,
proximaldarkerbrown,
hypopygium
lobes short, obliquely
tergalfulvouslighttruncated;obtusevery

style
a fringewithofshort,
upcurved;slightly
gonapophyses
border
without
convex,recurved,slightlyyelbasistyleto nearly
longyellow

small;
very
lobes or modi

sternite witheighthfied setae.
Male. ?
40 mm;
about
35 mm; wing
antennaabout
5.8 mm.
LengthFrontalof head dark brown; palpi brownish
black.
Antennae
prolongation
with

scape

and

nal

segment

black;
verticils

produced,brownishpedicelintermediate
small.

very

yellow,

flagellum

segments
flagellar
Head
above
with

brownishsides

the antennal

center of vertex
dark brown,
fossae;on occiput
darkerand cervicalsided, becoming
region.
scutumPronotaldark brown,
scutellum
brownishblack,

including

Mesonotal
light yellow.
ish brown
that
stripesbroadlybrownishofso,interspaces
eachorange,transversearebordered

with
with

by

cinnamonbrown

yellowed,
broadly
the area parallel
the

sides

with

darkertransversely
two confluent

abruptly
four graypair more

the lateralbrown,
darkenedlines; scutaldark brownish
gray areas,

striatesuturetergite brownish
anterior
marginwithremainder,
TRANS.

dark

praescutum

termiorange,ratherstrongly

in male

AMER.

lobes
point
medio

brownishscutellum
black;
depressed,
brown;
the declivitous
third
the narrow
posteriorlight gray,on posterior
thebrown;
anapleurotergite
light brown
half,
gray,

the katapleurotergite
ENT.

SOC,

VOL.

light
97

yellow,thelatter with

two

longi

372

ASIATICtudinalfurrows.

above,

below

Pleurathis withmembranedorsopleuraland sides

pronotum;crossedbymembranea broadwitha yellow

brown

light

dorsalventralstripe,broadlyof

TIPULIDAE

yellow,
cephaladbrownish

immediately
two transverse

more

stripe,intenselight gray;sternopleurite
the cervicalregionincludingrootof wing
the whitenedblacklines.

with

Halt?resstem

brown.
at base,knob
darkerLegs
light brown,
narrowly
yellowed
coxae
withfore coxae
brownishclearerremainingyellow,yellow
apically,
chestnut
trochantersbrownishfemoratips broadly
yellowed;
yellow,yellow;brownishbrownishtarsi chestnut,
tibiae chestnut,
black;
black;
tips narrowly
fourthsegment
claws withdyle;

darker,centralfifthbrownishyellow,

withobtuse.

Wings

strongly

toothfield and cell C darker
brown,
stigmaprearcularrow darker
seams
over vein 2nd A, outer
brown
cell

1st M??

each

with

Venation:vein M,toa darkened

marginal

Vein

Ri+a+nstout,

tergites
clearerbrown,

the wing
spot;
subequalconspicuous
tinged withdifferentiated;poorlyouterhalf of Cuhepiconbrown,
nar
end

of

of M
branchesremainingmargin,veinsbrownishconspicuous.
yellow,toor

shorter

than

outer

the weakof Ru

section

Abdominal
basal

on

and

a

brownishsternites
obscureproximalchestnutdarkersubterminal
tergites

yellow,brown;
Maleof the tergite,
light fulvous
exception
yellow.
the tergite,
the outer
third slightly moret, long,(fig. 6) withhypopygium
truncated
lateralthatborder withshort obliquely
lobes
narrowed;
posterior
are separated
short, black,emargination;
by a very shallow
tergal setae very
not involving
into athe lobes.
of basistyle,caudadb, not produced
Apex
segmentswithhypopygium,

yellow,

the

more

setae
those
face
but shorterof mesal
short,
longerpoint;
relatively
outerin dives.
Outer
than broad,halfd, longerslightly
dististyle,obtuseto nearly
inner
narrowed,
truncate;very
apex
parallel-sided,

style

narrow,slightly

upcurved;setaeyellow

long
than

long
small

outer

half
outer
that

and

inconspicuous,

8s,

broadest

beyondwithbordermidlinewithmorenarrowed
into a short beak,the apex
slender,a fringe ofthan the basal half withof moremarginare shorter
than in dives.
p, unusually
Phallosome,
especially

midlength,

the tinyoval

recurved,slightlya groupof darkened

wrinklesthatsternite,Eighthin slide mounts

apophyses.

convex,apex veryslightly
small
withsetae; disk
very
are

slightlyoneithersideofreticulated.

?

North East Frontier$ , Nyukmadong,
Kameng,
8000
1961
Assam,
23,(Schmid).
Allotopo
feet,
Agency,Aprilthree $ $ .
type, 9 . Paratopotypes,
The most similar species is Holorusia
dives (Brunetti),
usuallyofreferred to the albovittata
the
group
genus because of its much
Holotype.

smallerbut with

It agrees with the present
the hypopygial
details distinct,

size.

fly in its general features
including both dististyles,
the inner style and on mesal

the exceedingly
long yellow setae offace of basistyle,and with the apex of the latter extended

into aCHARLES

narrow pale blade withterminal in position.

Linnaeus;

TipulaAlexander;

TIPULA

Naturae,
Jour.
Philippine

Systema

373

ALEXANDER

the apex subacute,

Genus
TipulaP.

the dististyles

being

sub

Linnaeus

Ed.

10:

585,

Sei.,

94:

235-240,

1758.
1965.

A recent considerationof the genus has been given by the writerin the paper cited above.
In the present report I am presenting
a fourth list of those species in this genus that have been named inhonor of students of the family Tipulidae
and particularly
those
who have done work on the EurasianoftheTipula.
genus
species
The first such list of patronymics

Jourappeared in the Philippine
in Part 53 of the Asia series of papers (1964),
thesecond list in Part 56 (1965),
the third list in Part 61 (1966; inin the following
list to Part III
The references
press in 1968).
toof studies.
articleinthetheseriespertainprecedingpresent
nal of Science

FourthBagchi,D. ?

Brull?,

G.

List

of

in ThePatronymics

T?pulaGenusn.

Tipulasp. (this report).
bagchiana(Ramatipula)n. sp. (this report).
A. ?
brulleana
Tipula(Brithura)J. H. ?
comstockana
Alexander
Comstock,
Tipula(Indratipula)(Partn. sp. (this report).
John ?
curtisiana
Curtis,Tipula(Sinotipula)
Karl ?
Alexander
czizekiana
Czizek,Tipula(Part III).
(Vestiplex)
W. E. ?
dickinsoni
1932.
Dickinson,
TipulaAlexander,(Arctotipula)
J. G.?
n. sp. (this report).
Egger,
eggeriana
Tipula(Schummelia)
M. ?
Alexander
Goetghebuer,
Tipulagoetghebuerana(Emodotipula)

III).

(Part

III).
H. ?

A.
Alexander
Tipula(Schummelia)
halidayana(Part III).
n. sp. (this report).
Willi?Tipula(Schummelia)
hennigiana?
n. sp. (this report).
Gustav
Huguenin,
Tipula(Vestiplex)
hugueniniana
immsiana
AlexanderImms, A. D.?
Tipula(Vestiplex)(Part III).
n. sp. (this report).
keiliniana
Keilin,David?Tipula(Brithura)?
Albertn. sp. (this report).
kuntzeana
Kuntze,Tipula(Ramatipula)?
J.
G.
needhami
1910
Needham,Cockerell,
Tipula(Fossil:
Miocene).
Poda von Neuhaus,n. sp. (this report).
N. ?
Tipula(Ramatipula)podana?
Camillorondaniana
Alexander
Rondani,
Tipula(Sinotipula)(Part III).
von
Franz
P. ?
n. sp.
schrankiana
Schrank,
Tipula(Schummelia)(thisHaliday,
Hennig,report).
J. H.

Tipula(Vestiplex)

siebkeana

Alexander(Part

Tipula(Kalatipula)skuseanan.

report).

Staeger,?
S.
?
F. A. A.
R. C. ?

TipulaStrobl,P. G. ?

Tipula(Sinotipula)n.
strobliana

Siebke,Skuse,

TRANS.

AMER.

ENT.

SOC,

VOL. 97

staegeriana
sp.

(this

sp.
n.

report).

sp.

(this
(this

III).

report).

374
Till

ASIATIC

J.?

R.

yard,

Alexander(Part III).
tillyardana{Vestiplex)
n. sp. (this report).
walkeriana
Tipula{Vestiplex)
n. sp.
C. R. W. ?
wiedemanniana{Pterelachisus)
Tipula?

FrancisWalker,TIPULIDAE

Wiedemann,

Tipula(thisreport).
J.W. ?

Zetterstedt,

n. sp.

zetterstedtiana(Tipulodina)

Tipula(thisreport).

to Bagchi,
paper new species have been dedicatedPoda,
Keilin,Kuntze,Curtis, Egger, Hennig,
Huguenin,and Zetter
Schrank, Skuse, Staeger, Strobl, Walker, Wiedemann
In the present

Brull?,
stedt.

of name

ChangeTipulain Tipula

takahashii{Acutipula)hashiana
ofAlexander,1964),
Formosa

Tipulapreoccupied(Philippine

CharactersfromdifferingeighthSizesegment
brownishby Tipula
Jour. Sei.,{Vestiplex)
66:
101-102,

18 mm;
asgenerally

the Naga(Philippine

about

Lengthin

Assam

Hills,

TipulaJour.

1938).

Nat.

[Ann. Mag.
structure,n. subsp.

antennamm;

mannheimsiana

typicaltaka{Acutipula)93:
108-110,ofAlexander,

Sei.,takahashiana

culcitifera
21.5

wing

in hypopygial

especiallysternite.

fornovum,

mannheimsiana(Acutipula)
?

Male.

nomen
Assam

about

Hist.,
including

2.8 mm.
described

Alexander,

746-747,
1953],(12)6:
andthe inner dististyledark brown;
Frontalterminal
smaller.
of headslightly
prolongationof palpus
black.
Mesonotaland conspicuously
scutellum
broadlyon cephalic
black
with
of knobs
third.
Halt?resexceptapicesyellowed.
Legs within bases
lunate areas
abdominal

blackened.
tips of femora
broadlyand 2nd M2 pale andof cells Mt
more

tergites

uniformly
outer
four

brown,

thewithwhitenedinconspicuous.
extremeposteriorborders

Wings

Basal

sternites
black.
Male
segments(fig.
yellowed;
hypopygium
as compared
beak of inner dististyle,mannheimsi
withd, short,
14) withlobe withthe knife-likethe outer point
blade
from
ana; outer basal
longer,a veryshort base.
the inner facesof outer
8s, distinctive,
sternite,Eighthpale,a cushion
setae
from
of dense
lobes withyellowpunctures,
apicalyellow
on a slide mount200
the latter exceedingin number,the two setiferous
areas
In typical mannheimsiana
13) the setal brushes(fig.
approximated.
ofsternite,a slide therials

becometo represent

more
all
8s, much
limited,two groups widely
separated?
Holotype.
June 6, 1960
TipulaAllied

that

the

two

be

found

6000
Sirhoi Kashong, Manipur,
Assam,
withthe$,Paratopotype,(Schmid).
type.

feet,

probable

flies

will

species.

?,(Brithura)
toit appears

available
validonfrom darkened
arisingpunctures,
more
mate
at the midline.
Whenimperfecta;

brulleana
mesonotaln. sp.
praescutum

cinnamonbrown,

darkeron

CHARLES

disk withsides,

fore
brown;
subterminal
withpatterned

four

paler
stripes,
middlefemora

and

area

near

sclerites

posteriorouter

uniformly
yellow,cell M

dark
chiefly
dark
brown

and

pleuraa narrow

with

each

yellow,

femoraring, posterior
darker
brown
and

375

ALEXANDER

P.

wings

yellow;dark

brown,

lightbrown,

stigmasubcircular;a duskywithend ofoblongtransversely
cell 2nd A uniformly
maleinfuscated;darkened,in twowithof outerextension
hypopygium
terminating
posteriordististyleshort subequallobes.
Male. ?
antennaabout 25 mm; wing
19-20 mm;about 4.8-5 mm.
LengthFrontalthe long nasus;of head dark brown,
includingprolongation
palpi
brownishwithincisuresblack
black,
segments
narrowly
pale,
conspicuous

yellowed
center,outer

setae.

Antennae

of

end

cell

brownishenlargements
scarcelyabove
inblackenedverticalbrown,

longer

brown

paler

high.
dark
brown

ground;lateral border

extremepraescutum
with
four

yellowed,thewithstripescinnamonscutumlargelyscutellumorangebrown,
yellow,withorange,silvery;
suturelined withpretergites

withcinnamongroundthe intermediatepair

stripes,lateralnarrow,yellow,
with
the

more

sides

medially,line.
Mesonotalsilvery
on sides, disk
brown
dark

obscureous

front,

the basalsubcylindrical,
than the segments.
Headorbitsposteriorly,
narrowlypale;
segments

flagellar
verticils

tubercle

Pronotuma narrow

black;

developed;

concolor

virtually
darkenedvery

onsides,

long setae,
dull orange,

para
sides

scutellathedarker,silvery; mediotergite
setae conspicuous,
infuscated,broadly
light brownpleurotergite
posteriorly,
morebrownishblack
in front, katapleurotergite
conspicuously
silvery,
paler
on the sterno
withPleuradark brown,
faint silvery flecks
ventrally.
chiefly
as in the subgenus;
whichis conspicuously
pleurite
setiferous,
dorsopleural
membranedarkened.

black.

stemwithHalt?res
coxae

with

Legs

trochanters

and

knob
brownishbrown,
yellowish
dark
and middle
forebrown;
brown
subterminal
ring, the yellow

a narrowwithdarklight yellow
femoratibiaeand basitarsiof all legs
wider,
posteriorslightly
yellow;of tarsi passing
remainder
into brownish
claws
of malewithyellow,
black;
a stout tooth before midlength.
as in the subgenus;
Wings
patterned
grounddarkerand yellow markings;
brown
dark patternlight brown withincludingfemoratip

a smallarea
chiefly
the small
subcircular

at arculus

in bases

of

R

cells

and M,

and1st M2;evenof Rs,
andoriginbrown
clouds
paler
brown
in
cloudspaler

prearcularandcostalfieldsareas before
and beyond
yellow
in cells Ri and R2; distinctive
very palearea in outerends of cells Rs and R5

originof Rs

andyellow
markings
orand a more

verse

mark

in cell M

before

still

other

areas
yellowa smallwithin vicinity
basal halfofanterior

stigma,
cord

of

cells

R

and M;

withextensivecell

clearerdarkened,
the baseyellow

TRANS.

not

cell

of
dashesat

distancein cells

Cubrighteningasyellowedin outer

AMER.

some

ENT.

medial
SOC,

and
near

tip, veryin imperfecta;
with
two
97

brownishbeyondincludelesstip, the apex
1st A, cell 2nd A

cells,
VOL.

somewhat

reducedvery
in celloblongof cellalmostin sizesmall
1st A,

nearlyyellow;thestigmaa V-shaped
or

trans

darkened;
uniformly
in the type,marginal
in celllacking376
Cu; veins
Venation:very

TIPULIDAE

ASIATIC

brownish
in

As
less

short,

to clearer
yellowwiththe subgenus,
than twice
the freefields.
in the morebrightened
yellowvein Sei strongly
5c2 + Ripreserved;
1st M2shortcell
the former;
tip ofm-cu
r-m distinctly
preserved;
brownishblack,
hypopygium

pentagonal;
Abdomen

on Mk

near

chieflyof thesmall andinconspicuous,
gites
exceedingly
erect.
Male16) generally(fig.
hypopygium
withabundantb, broad,long yellow
basistyle,

as

base.

orange;vestitureoftersternites

longer

and

sub

Apex

of

in
setae.

imperfecta.
Outer

d,
dististyle,extension
posteriora long slenderits tip obtuse;
with
rod,
large, anteriorly
one morein length,
shortand nearly
lobes
its apical
slender;stout,
equal
a compact
blackened
50
small
of
about
at baseof extension
with
group
spinoid

inner

setae;

arrangedterior borders

as long but narrower,
in a paleterminatingnearlyarea at near midlength,withthe individual
sensorypits
row.
and eighth
with
Both
the seventh
sternitespos
those of the latter moreabundant
yellowed.
long setae,

style

the
blade,
in a linear

scoop-likebearing?

$ , Kurseong,India, 5454 feet,
Holotype.
Darjiling District,
1
June 11, 1959 (A. Camilleri).
S, Bop, Sikkim,
Paratypes,
5950 feet, July 15, 1959; 1 $ , Chumtang,
Sikkim, 5120 feet, July
18, 1959; 1 $ , 2 ? $ , Singhik, Sikkim, 3500 feet, August 6, 1959;
1 $ ,Teng, Sikkim, 4600 feet, August
1, 1959; 1 $ ,Dirang Dzong,North

Kameng,East Frontier

Agency,Assam,

5300

feet, July

18,

1961 (Schmid).
The species is named for Gaspard Auguste Brull? (1809-1873),
and allies (1832
who published
important papers on Ctenophora
as being
In my collection
this fly had been misdetermined
1833).
imperfecta Brunetti which is generally similar in
Tipula (Brithura)in the wing pattern andsize and appearance,
differing especiallyAs
the outer dististyle.
structure, including particularly
hypopygial
in Part III of the present series of papers, the identifica
discussedtion of imperfecta as being the same as the subgenotype
conifrons(Edwards) was made by Edwards
following a comparison of type
From this it now is known that imperfecta has the outerofthe hypopygium
dististylequite distinct, as has been figured bothThe
Edwards
andmyself.
yellow area in the outer end of cellbymaterials.

Min shape in the two species, in imperfecta
theunited figures 80.
This pattern varies
suggestingin different specimens and in cases the whole outer end
somewhat
In brulleana cell M
is darkened, moreof the cell is yellowed.
of the wingis different

somewhatheavilyso adjoining

the veins.

CHARLES(Brithura)

TipulaAlliedandbrownishn. sp.

similarto crassa;

generallywithbrown,

mediateflattened
?

Male.

377

ALEXANDER

keiliniana

black,
praescutum
outerends narrowly

variegatedand originP.

mesonotum
dark

three

cinnamonorangeandbrown

reddishfemorastripes;yellow;
pale brown,
conspicuously
pale
wings
areas
darkerat arculus
and restricted
brown
spots
by yellowed
area orange
interof Rs,
malewithstigmalyellow;hypopygium
at apex produced
lobes conspicuous,
into a broad
tergalbasistylea small finger-likenear apex with
outer
lobe.
blade,
dististyle
26-28

about

Lengthmm;

20.5-24

wing

antenna

mm;

about

4.5

5.5 mm.
Frontalof headthe stout nasus;
brownishblack,
prolongation
includingincisuresof the intermediate
with
Antennae
black,
segments
pale.
brownishbrown
and flagellar
scapeblack,
segments
bicolored,
pedicelthis pattern
the penultimate
basally,
tips morethroughyellowed,
persisting

palpi

verticils
twice
thelongestexceedingon orbits
brownishand sides ofyellow

Head
dark
segments.
disk
vertex,posteriortubercle.
conicalverticalsegment;
pale
white

the conspicuous
pruinose,
including
Cervicaland pronotum
dark
regionbrown,
Mesonotalbrownishdisk withpraescutum
black,
the median

one

with

lobe

each

medianregionconfluent

black,
lum dark
centralbrownishrowly
dark brown,
sides
silvery

chieflybrown,

pteropleurite

pleuritesilvery;

cinnamonpteropleurite.
brown,
apex
dark brown,

femoral
claw
gated
mark
Rs;

outer

with

conspicuously
ends narrowly

brightenings;
of malewithby yellow
surrounding

1st M2;trans,

onregionbeforeamer.

brown,

tooth.

the darker

ent.

arculus

soc,

bases

the yellow

and

long

and

at

97

summit,conspicuous.
meron
paler

base

more

ptero
ventrallong palethe extreme

setae;

femorareddishborderapicalin amountsubequal

brown;
to theandof tarsi black;varie
conspicuously
restricted
to a larger
patternbeing
and a small ovalofspot at origin

about
all

marks

remainderbrown,

pale

fulvous,
of

a

knob
fulvous,and trochanters

tips

Wings
brown

light
concentrated

vol.

brown

very

yellow,

narrowly

as

coxae

Legs

yellow,

scutelwithbrown,

pale

cinnamonand ventral
sternopleurite
setae on sternopleurite
and

of

the

brownish

sides

nar
gray, mediotergite
on sides; anapleurotergite

sternopleurite

light

the

paler.
stripes,
scutumpraescutal
darkening;and moresides
diffusely

yellow.
withpruinose,the yellowed
and cell Sc

the cordlatterorangedorsalpale

basitarsi
a stout

areas,

ventralgroupsstem

bases

brown,

yellow markings
chieflya large areathat includes
celllateralblackened;

conspicuous
Halt?res
with

the

gray,

light

brown;
postnotum
and morebroadlybrown,

more

margined

reddishstigmalthepart
the protuberant
katapleurotergite
setae of mesonotum
white;
pale,

Pleurabrown,
tibiae

lobes

gray

with

dark

line, parascutellaon central
darkenedofborders

clearer

gray,

dark

by

coveredvirtuallyand posterior
acrosssutureofthree

a scarcely
evident
vitta;
yellowdark
areas,
orangeby two confluent

dividedvaguelysides

brown,
grayishC moreorangeyellowed;
and anterior
cord asstigmaouter
radialcells
and much
of
cell

the

are paleyellowandrelatively

378

ASIATICTIPULIDAE?

n. sp., venation;skuseana
7, Tipula(Kalatipula)Fig.
aka n. sp., venation;
8, Tipula9, Tipula(Rama{Pterelachisus)Fig.
n. sp., venation;
kuntzeana
10, Tipula
Fig.
(Schummelia)
hennigiana
tipula)n. sp., venation;n. sp., venation;
schrankiana
11, Tipula{Schummelia)Fig.
Text-figs.

7-17.

Fig.

strobliana
12, TipulaFig.
mannheimsiana
mannheimsiana{Acutipula)mannheimsiana

15, Tipula{Brithura)brulleana{Brithura)crassa(Edwards),
Symbols:n.

keiliniana
n.

sp.,

13, Tipula
venation;Fig.
{Acutipula)male
14, Tipula
hypopygium;
Fig.

Alexander,n. subsp., maleculcitifera
n. sp., malehypopygium;sp., male

male

hypopygium.

b, basistyle;d, dististyle;hypopygium;s, sternite;Fig.

hypopygium;

Fig.

Fig.

16, Tipula

17, Tipula{Brithura)t, tergite.

CHARLES

evident
restricted,
being mostarea at near midlength
groundin allCu; small yellow
spots
in alldashesmarginal
infuscatedAbdomenbroadly
lateralouter
pygiumregion
a
with
with

(fig.
farther

Venation:orange,becoming

margins
narrowly15) withposterioryellow,

only

stigmalregionslightly

longeronly
thanshoulder;setae.
yellowBasistyle,

with

apex
truncate,
innerstyle muchpoint,

m;cell

Regionof

ninth

sterniteintoa broadthesternite

Holotype.
9000
Assam,

hypo
the mediannotgreatlylengthflattenedblade,
tip

Outer
d, as
dististyje,
a cylindricalfinger-likesternite
figured.
Eighthborderposterior
setae
with

less

convex,

gentlyconspicuous.

the tergal
andt, relatively
17)
lobes,
low, very
obtuse,on eitherlobe immediately
beneathside; medianemargiroundednarrowerconspicuously
moreonconcentrated

?

Male

lateral borders
truncate,
bladesandlaterallobes

b, produced

seventhsetae.

Ninthsternitegreatlylengthened,

blackened

structure.
glabrousand more
smaller
slender,of style
margina blackened
withsubbasallya broaderwithdarker.
t, concave,behindat midlength;

widenedsetae;and stertergitesnear bases,
blackened

tergites

lobe blackened,muchapicalat near midlength.
Outerd, elongate,
dististyle,small marginal
lobe morebasal
in position
and
brous

slightly
moder

both

of

more

setulae.
microscopic
yellow
beforethis on marginwith
asconformation
smaller,withlong
a massive

broad,
intoborders

narrowly

hypopygiumof tergite,
their tips
blades,into paired

producedcrassa(fig.
a comparable

nationorangepruinose;borderrectangulartransverse,
broadly
withlong fulvous

ventradveinsin thecell Milateralbrightbrown,

surfaceInof

Petiolelightobtuse,

with

outer

chieflyvery
long
as in crassa.

lobe;

a majorand M where
they isolate
near veinin cell M
this darker
cells,
cells from R3 to 2nd A,
small
includingtheofpentagonal.

ened,

figured;Rin cells

Cu;
exceptingareas.
Costa

in the darkened

expanded.
ately
1st M2
small,
nites

cells

379

ALEXANDER

P.

below
obtuseblade;
on outerlateralthis withvery
on theouterofplate,

producedb, withconstrictedslightlyend produced,
theas an acuteappearinggla
curvedsetae;
long
yellowor inner margin
opposite

lobe,
inner
about
style
only
half.
sterniteEighthends

Basistyle,the median

one-half
with

setae

group

small.

aslong,

darker,S , Jhum La, Kameng, North East Frontier Agency,
1 $,31, 1961(Schmid).
Paratype,
7700
1961
June
feet,
6,
Kameng,(Schmid).
to the late David Keilin, outstanding
is dedicatedfeet, May

Talung Dzong,This species
student of insect biology and physiology,
author of important papers
on the morphologyof the Trichoceridae
1928,(1912,
1940).2
The most similar regional species is Tipula (Brithura)crassa (Edwards)

which

differs

in detailsof body2

and wing

coloration

The history
and cytochrome,
David,
Keilin,of cell respiration
pp.
1966.
Londonillustrations,Cambridge
Press,
University(completed
for publication
Dr.
Joan Keilin).
preparedby his daughter,
TRANS.

AMER.

ENT.

SOC,

VOL.

97

and
416,
and

380

ASIATICTIPULIDAE

ster

in hypopygial
structure, including the tergite, ninth
especiallyas discussed
and figured above.
nite, basistyle and dististyles,
TipulaMesonotalbrownishwithpraescutum

fourdarkenedborderednarrowlyof maleyellowantennae

n. sp.

chandra(Indotipula)

by

the

stripes,lateralbrown,

intermediatepairdarkersolidly
to the palpi,

stripesin length
short,
subequalrelatively
at base; wings
darkenedtinged withexceptstronglyouterveins Ri+5 and Mi with
abundantbrown,
darker,macrotrichia;
stigmamale
abdominal
brownishsegments
darkened,hypotergiteeighthyellow;
with
abun
with
sternitelobes
and ninthpygiumtergalbasistylespinulose,
brown;
first flagellar

segment

dant

long

outer

lobe,

very
basal
Male. ?

yellow
distalouter
setae;
end slightly
13-15 mm;about

Lengthanwithnarrow,

inner

style

dorsally.
produced
15-20 mm;wing

antennaabout

3.5-4.2

concolorous,
incisurescleareryellow.

dististylemm.
Frontalprolongation
black
long, tufted with
Antennae
12-segmented,

ofsetae;

headpalpi

brownishin length
subequal
brownishsegments
black,
yellowed,
flagellum
cils.
Front
and antennal
fossaelight yellow;
brown

behindspot

thefossaeadjoining

nasus

yellow,brownishyellow,to theand pedicelscapepalpi;
than the longest
verti
a darkervertexwithbrown,

shorterthe eye;a vague

obscureocciputyellow.
of pronotal
and anterior
regionpart
Mesonotalof pronotum
obscureyellow.

remainder

darkercentral

line;

dark

brown,

theandorbitsposterior
Cervicalvery

scutumpraescutumonyellow
narrowwithfour stripes,
intermediatesides, disk withyellowpair brownish
thethe broader
lateraldarkerbrown
borders,
brown,
crossing
stripessolidlysuture ontoof scutal
lobes paler brown,
the scutalremainder
centrallobes,aarea yellowed,
obscuredarkerscutellumwithmedially;
yellowvaguely
narrowdark

lowed,

especiallybrown

brownishvitta;
postnotum
and meron,the mesepimeron
darkened.
Halt?reswithconspicuously

sternopleurite
cleareryellowyellow,yellow,long,fieldsat base,dark brown.
knob
coxae
and
trochantersremaining

Legs
clearer

with

veins

on mostapicesrounded

fore

coxae

brownishprearcularobliterativein the yellowed
brown,
lighter brownof Ri+5 and outerof Mi.
two-thirds

fields.

andcostal

areas

very

Abundant

sternitesouterbrownishbrown,
light yellow,
segments
brownishdarkened,segment
eighthtergiteweaklyyellow,dark brown.
Male/, stout,(fig. 18) withtergallobes,
hypopygium
numerous
a low
with
small
black
surfacewithrounded,spicules,Abdominal
black;
sternitedark

Pleurayel
yellow.
andthe anepisternum
stem brownish
yellow,

femorabrownishyellow;
claws
dark brown;of maletibiae and tarsi
blackened,tips narrowly
bidentate.
brown,
Wings
strongly
tinged withmore
darkerbrown;
elongate,yellowed,
stigmarestricted;
macrotrichia

dant

centralontergitesseventhvery

glabrous
long

Ninth
abun
9s, and basistyle,b, withsternite,flange.
setae.
on outerOuterd, narrow,
dististyle,especially

yellow

CHARLES

half;
beak

inner

with

relatively

with

style

outer
rounded;into a small
dorsally
few

beak
basal
lobe.

scatteredP.

narrow,slightly
lobe a flattened
Eighthsmall

381

ALEXANDER

sternitelower
decurved,
tip subacute;end produced
the distal
flange,withbordertruncate,posteriorsetae.

?

North East Frontier$ , Nyukmadong,
Kameng,
8000
1961
23,
feet,
(Schmid).
Paratopo
Agency, Assam,
April
1 $ , Rupa, Kameng,
5200 feet, May 2,
type, 1 $ . Paratypes,
6400 feet, May 8, 1961 (Schmid).
1961; 1 $ , Shergaon, Kameng,is larger and with the wings more
The paratype from Shergaon
Holotype.

structure
conspicuously
yellowed basally but from the hypopygial
must be considered
to be conspeciflc.
tukvarensis
The most
similar species is Tipula(Indotipula)
most
of
in
colorational
Sikkim, which agrees
features,
Edwards,
differing in the longer male antennae and in details of hypopygial
structure, including the shorter setae of the basistyle and ninth sternite and in the shape of both dististyles.
Other generally similar
species include T. (I.) divisa Brunetti, which lacks spinules on thetergal lobes, and T. (I.) gracilis Brunetti, which
tional details, as described by Edwards(1932).
Tipula(Indotipula)stylacuta

differs

in colora

n. sp.

Size
three
lum

16 mm);
aboutmesonotal
with
large
relatively(wingpraescutumbrownlateral margins
antennal
stripes,
pleurayellowed,
yellow;
flagelknobs
of halt?res
femorablack;
darkened;
light brown,
tips narrowly

to black;
tibiaetarsi brownish
and
black
wings
light brown,
areas very small; basal abdominal
obliterative
stigma darker,
orange,tergitesoutersternitestwoterminal
segments
yellowed,darker,segments
black;
male
with
lobes
the broadstout,
hypopygium
tergalcloselyapproximated,outer dististyle
narrowed
into a slenderinner style withtips spinulose;spine,
blackened,

beak
outer

a long spine near
the small
slenderlower beak,slendernarrowedsternitestraight
spine; eighth
setae.
short sparse yellow
withconvex,very gentlyabout
13-13.5 mm; wing
15-16 mm;
antennaabout 4-4.2

cleaverlike,
lobe with

long,
basal

borderposteriorly,
Male. ?

Lengthwitha longmm.
?

Female.

LengthFrontalpalpi

prolongation
brownishblack.

lightyellow,ments,
obscure

about

16-17

of head,Antennae

16-18 mm.
mm;wing
the long nasus,
brownishincludingyellow;
with
obscureclear
scapeyellow,
pedicel

small
with
basal
black;
segments
flagellar
flagellum
enlargeto their longest
verticils.
Front
and extreme
anterior
vertexvertexbrownish
at narrowest
orbitsorange,posterior
gray,
point

subequal

TRANS.

AMER.

ENT.

SOC,

VOL.

97

382

ASIATIC

verticaldarkened;
lined withbrown.

restrictedly
narrowly
Cervicaltubercle

scarcely

above,

orangedark
brown
regionsides of scutum
yellowed,darkened.
Mesonotal
praescutum
scutumarea

andnarrowly
areas yellowed;
scutellum
yellow;

a stripemesonotum

brownishtrochanters

yellow;
black

brownishandprearcular

Pronotal
yellow
laterally.
extremeanterior
borderinfuscated,weaklywiththree brownsuturevirtually
anterior

membrane,
stem
with
tarsi

the

along

orange,the broad medianstripes,lateralend
posteriorslightly
paler,
dark
lateralhumeralbrown,
stripes
scutumlobes
withmedianlight brown,
regionand mediotergite
clear
and
orange,parascutella

lateralobscureobscureelevated,line,
by a paledarkerbrown,

dividedvaguely
bordersvery

TIPULIDAE

behindbrown,
pale
light yellow;
pleurotergite
Pleurathe dorsopleuralglabrous.
yellow,
includingborderof mesepisternum
darkened.
Halt?resweaklycoxae
knob
darker.
withandyellow,Legs
slightly
femoratibiae andlight brown,
tips narrowly
blackened,
to black;
claws
fieldsslightly
areas
obliterativeof malemorecostaltoothed.
yellowed,

Wings

light

stigmaand across

long,
base

brown,
darkersmall
beforeof cellstigmainto extreme
the cordend of cell R; veinsbrown.
Vena
crossing
tion: Cell Mi
its petiole
and m subequal;
cell 2nd A narrow.
deep,
Basal
dull
abdominal
secondandorange,tergitessegments
succeedingbrownishto darksternitesbrown,
yellow
apicespaler,
yellowed,hypobrown;
1st M2,very

pygium,
very
with

long
the

numerousa groupcurved

with

small

black.

OvipositorMalehypopygium
two approximated

with

with

cerci

(fig.

19)
stout

linearsplit, apices
blackened,
providedon eitherNinthsterniteside withspicules.
setae.
Outerd, an elongaterod,
dististyle,in a long blacksurfaceof style withspine,

blackenedoftonumerous
tenedbordert, broad,
tergite,posteriorthat are separated
only
by a

lobes
with

and ninthsegments,
includingeighthand slender,outer half horn yellow.

very
long yellow
the tip which
ends
inner
very
long setae;

a long flatas shown;
beakcomplex,crest very high;the beakposteriorly
their tips bent,
thesetae,
long straighta smallbeak
slenderblack
at itsspine,

style

dorsalblade,
yellow
tip obtuse,a low ridge that bears about
25

outermostpalinga long

base

with

outer

basal

ally

into

to yellow;
blackened
stout

lobe

narrow,a point,
widenedusually

sparselower
rod

at base,

that

outer

surfaceoutwardly,

posteriorshort yellow

relatively

is directedacrossthea verythatlong spinewithscatteredlong setae.

withbordersetae,

face
narrows

ofstyle;
gradu
sterniteEighthunwithconvex,very
gentlywithout
further modifications.

?

$ , Shergaon, Kameng, North East Frontier Agency,
2 .
feet, May 8, 1961 (Schmid).
Allotopotype,
most
is
told
from other
Tipula(Indotipula)stylacuta
readily
generally similar species by the somewhat noteworthy
dististyles of
the hypopygium.
The closest such species is T. (I.) apicidilata

Holotype.
Assam, 6400

likewise from Assam,
Alexander,
tergite and dististyles.

which

differs

especiallyin theTipula(Indotipula)
to varuna;

Alliedlateralborder,wings

tingedwith

pygiumCHARLES

P.

subvarunan. sp.

mesonotal

praescutumof notum

with

disk

cinnamonandthepleuraborderandsclerites
posterior
withcostalbrown,
armature

blackened

383

ALEXANDER

theof

stigmaFrontalof headprolongationsides

nasus,

moreslightly

clear

above

darkened;hypodististylea long membrawithadjacent
margin
4 mm.

about

the long
scape andthan their

yellow,
includingwith
Antennaelightbrown.

palpi

yellow;

inner

tergiteconspicuous;
crest
into
extended

beak
stout, dorsal
large and complex,
nous blade;a long spine,theouter basal
lobe bearing
severalsetae.
long black?
antenna
12 mm; wing
13 mm;
Male.
about
LengthFemale. ?
14 mm; wing
15 mm.
about
Lengththebrown,

chieflymale
darker;brown;
flagellum
segments
longerflagellarvertexFront
and anterior
small.
enlargements
light yellow,
a brown
centralbehindthe antennae;
spot immediatelyposa smallterior vertex
darkerbrownishgray, withspot at margin
slightly
area.
the yellow
adjoining

pedicellightyellow,basal
verticils,
the latter with

Pronotuminfuscatedsides broadly
above,
weaklylight yellow.
with
disk
three
coveredcinnamonpraescutum
virtuallyby
more
the interspaces
brownishlateral borders
gray,
stripes,vaguelyscutumclear
cinnamonscutellum
brown,
light yellow,
parascutella

notal

Meso
brown
yellow;
darkerclear yellow.
the mesepisternum
Pleurachieflyyellow;
mediotergite
yellow,transverse
to form a weak
Halt?resbase ofpale brown
girdle.
infuscated,
stem narrowly
coxae
and trochantersfemorayellowed.
Legs withyellow;bases
ofremainderbrown,
tips darker,
narrowly
yellowed,legs brown;
two spines,at midlength
claws
of malewiththe onebasal
stouter,
spine
small

and

darkerous,

slender.

than m-cu;

in male,in thefemale,Abdominal

withtingedWings

latter; obliterative
brown.
larger; veins

cell Miareas

bordersmall
Rs

Venation:about

its petiole
deep,elements
subequal.

two

the

costalbrown,

thebrown,
especiallyone
the prestigmal

one-third

and

and

stigmainconspicu

longerslightly
to one-halfm;of intermediate
lateral margins
brown,
segmentsyel
the posteriorbordersof this color; proximal
sternites
lowed,
narrowly
yellow,outerdark brown.
Male
the tergite,
segmentst,(fig. 20) withhypopygium
two broadborderwithlobes withsubtruncate
blackened,chieflyposteriortergites

outer
apices,into a slenderanglesrounded;blackenedrod,armatureoftergalshown.

Ninth

dense

long

lobe

sternite,setae.
yellowandextended
TRANS.

farther
AMER.

ENT.

edge

their

apicesinto

extended
9s, with

Dististyles,on
slender,outerdetails;
style
inner style withsetae;
spinoidouter
basal
lobe, beakblack,
all

mesal

into

a

of eachlobe produced
cephaladat the midline;
ventralcontiguous
a largeasstructure,foot-shaped

subglobulard, mostfifth withseveralalmostseparated

from

very
obtuse;a verylong pale

SOC,

lobe provided
withyellow
in varuna
but differing
in

outer

body

VOL.

as

97

of
regionmembranous

black
powerful
the equallylarge
dorsalcrest
elevated
blade;

outer

basal

384

ASIATICTIPULIDAE

a groupa massivenearof long erect
its tip withblack plate,
lobe including
near
on
outer
its base withblack
setae, and an appressed
margin,longspine
as an ina concentrationof long black
setae.
g, appearing
Gonapophysis,
and
small
curvedsterniteblade.
subtruncate,
simple, margin
yellow
Eighth
withsurfacefew

relatively

setae.

?

$ , Singbeng, Sikkim, 4920
26, 1959
feet, April
All? topotype,9 .
of the subgenus,
the generally similar regional members
Amongvaruna Alexander,
this species is closest to Tipula{Indotipula)in the hypopygial
characters but differing in all details.
especially
Holotype.
(Schmid ).

Otherless similar species include T. (/.) apicidilata Alexander,andT. (/.) audcentiana Alexander,
T. (/.) pandava Alexander,
T. (/.) sudra Alexander.

distinct.

formula1-2-2;
veins withouter

relatively

short

Wing
simple.
Venation:trichia.

(fig.
Rs

with

Antennae
claws

nov.

Kalatipula

SubgenusNasus

of maleabundant

Tibialverticils.
with

7)

relatively
its petiole
than m.
Maleshorterdeep,
two lobes
borderof tergite,t, with(fig. 21) withposterior
inner dististyle,vided withd, with outer basal
setae;
long blackthan m-cu;

intocell Mia longappearingsetae;

very

black

sternite

simple,naked;

short,

longerhypopygiumthat are pro
lobe

extendedwithaedeagus
simple,gonapophyses,
withbladesthat are densely
coveredborderunmodified.
posteriorspine; phallosome
as flattened
subcircular

eighthspur

squamag,
short?
skuseana n. sp.
Type of subgenus.
Tipula{Kalatipula)
From
the present new
the structure of the male hypopygium
is most nearly allied to the subgenus Tipulodina
group obviously
and feabut is quite different in its general appearance
Enderlein,tures of the venation and legs. The hypopygium
suggests an unin thewith resemblancesusually generalized
ally of Tipulodina,sternite.
andeighthtergite, dististyles, phallosome,Tipula(Kalatipula)Sizemedium

(wing

four

lowed,

with

long,

flagellum

black,

legs relatively
claws
simple;veins beyond

short,

abdomen
line,

light

n. sp.

of male18 mm);
mesonotalaboutdark gray, paler
stripes, pleurabases of the moresegments
proximaland tarsi
tibiaefemoralight brown,brown

brown,
wings
pale
cord with
abundantbrownishhypopygium

skuseana

yellow,brownishpatterned

withmacrotrichia,
petiolea narrowwithtergites
yellow;male

andyellowhypopygiumofpraescutumyelantennae
below;
obscureyellow;brownishblack,

darkerbrown;

cell Mivery

short;

brown
sublateral
pale
as in
with
characters

CHARLES

thesubgenus,
coveredMale. ?

385

ALEXANDER

unusually
includingconspicuous
shortsetae.
witharespatulateabout

Length19 mm;

antenna18.5 mm;wing
somewhatshorterof headprolongation
moreyellowed

dorsalsurface,beneath;Antennae
black.
withsetae;
palpi
the extremeof the morebases
black,

than

remainder,
nasus, withincluding

and

scape

their verticils,
thansegments
longerHeadabovebrown,
light yellowish

yellow;

conspicuous.
ondarker
setae

7 mm.

about
the

of

sides

black,

posteriorlacking

virtuallyvertexandonvertex,cleareryellow
tubercleverticalgenae;

onpresent

light
abun

pedicelsegments
proximalbasal
enlargements

flagellum

thatgonapophyses

densely

Frontalbrown,
dant
black

P.

yellow,
obscurerelatively
on front,
very
orbitsposterior

low;
and

genae.
scutumPronotal

Mesonotal
yellow.
the intermediatepairlateralpoorlystripes

buffy

four

light

third

line,
by a darker
of praescutum
andtwo vague paler areas;

borderwithbrown

stripes,praescutum
narrowly

the pretergites
darker;scutellum
small,
lightwithyellowed,
on anterior
dividedextremeindicated;scutumanterioreachbrown,

lobe

parascutellaonespeciallydarkerstem

brown,

brown,

withdarker,gray,
mediotergite
patterned
posterior
morebrownishthird, pleurotergite
blackened,gray above,
katapleurotergite
elevated
into a sharp
vestituresparse,ridge; notai
very
inconspicuous,pale
Pleuradark brownish
and meronyellow.
gray, ventral
sternopleurite
yelventrally;

lowishknob

brown;
brownishapicallya blacksparselyspot;

pruinose;remainder

with

coxae

with

Legs

lower

brown,

light
dark

face

brown,
at apex withoffemorashort,
legs relatively
light brown,
tips
tarsi brownish
claws
black;
simple.
Wings(fig. 7)

andtibiaedarker;slightly
withthe ground

Halt?resdarker.
slightlytrochanters
paler

apex

black,

brown.

regiondorsopleuraland darker
withpale brown,
patterned
pale yellow
brown;
area at stigma
includesand a majorof Rs
and expattern
originovertendedthe anterior
radial field more
cord; wing
tip in outer
uniformlyof cordbasad
is inconspicuous
the yellow
thebrown;
paler
patternagainstdarkestground,in outeras zigzag
arrangedradial field
locatedspeciesin the genus;

yellow;
Veins

veins

veins

beyondbeforefourthof Rs.

m-cu;

petioleAbdomenmedium
cord
cord

areas

with

less

extensiveRscell Mivery

brownishyellow,nearlyshort,
tergites

producedborder/, transverse,
posteriorinto a rounded
lobe
that

anglesvery

nearlystyleslightlyofproduced.

Outer

anal

cells,
more

fieldstrichia,line; hypopygium brownish yellow.
tergite,andcubitallacking
about

AMER.

ENT.

SOC,

VOL.

97

one-third
to one-fourtha narrowonsubtruncate,is provided

withdististyle,

d,

brown

pale

Male hypopygium

vestiture
sided,
apex obliquelyparallelobtuse,
with
beak
lower
beak
obtuse,short-triangular,

TRANS.

band
cells; yellow
as in manybasal

on Ri+<? except
at base;in the whitenedouterstraight,
about
one-third
with

not

brownish
uniformly
areas.
in the obliterative

whitenedbrown,
extensively
withabundant
trichia,lacking

Venation:ofin theat near midlengthand costal
prearcularlongerm.

thansublateral(fig. 21) with theeithersideof midline

outerbristles,a stout flattened
of

short

lacking;setae;
dorsallateralblade,
inner
crest

386

ASIATICTIPULIDAE

basal
lobe a large narrowly
connected
structurethat isa smaller
surfacelong blackspine, withspine near base,a fringe
betweenthe spines withof long yellow
setae.
Phallosome,p, inthe shortcurvedand verycludingaedeagusslightly
spatulateconspicuousandcoveredwith
shortsetae.
g, that are densely
gonapophyses,
evenlyouter

low, rounded;
extended
intoaEighthbroadsternite,
8s,
transverse,
posteriorcentraloutertruncate;part nearlytively

long

light

brown

not

setae,

borderhalfinterrupted

very

gentlyofplate withat the midline.

convex,numerous

the
rela

?

$ ,Bomdi La, Kameng, North East Frontier Agency,
Holotype.
8800
Assam,
feet, July 15, 1961 (Schmid).
The species is named for Frederick
A. Askew
Skuse
(1864
in
outstanding
early student of the Australian
D?ptera,the Tipulidae.
two principal papers on thisHe publishedfamily which are cited below, together with a brief account of hislife by the writer.3
The species requires no further comparison with other generally
1896),

cludingsimilar members of the genus, being quite distinct in the subgenericand specific features listed.
It is quite different in its general ap
pearance from all presently known species of Tipulodina.
aka n. sp.

(Pterelachisus)

TipulaSize medium

about
15 mm);
colorationof thorax
of male(wing
generalof femalewithfouryellow,
gray, praescutum
light brown
stripes;antennaeof malefemorarelatively
long, flagellar
segments
bicolored;
light
tibiaeandtarsi brownish
to black;black
conbrown,
wings
yellow,
pale
with
areas
in cells R and M;
spicuously
patterned
brown,
major
includingRs verycell
1st Msbasal
abdominal
long, Ri+2 atrophied,small;
tergites
obscure
with
outer
dark
male
yellow,
patterned
brown,
segments
brown;
withwith
two unequal
apex of tergite bilobed,
hypopygium
basistylespines;obscuresternite withthe broadnumerous
setae.
apex bearing
long yellow?
about
13 mm; wing
14.5 mm;
antennaabout
5.2 mm.
LengthFemale. ?
about
17 mm;
16 mm.
Lengthwing

eighthMale.

Frontalyellow,
long;
black,

palpi

with

relativelyof headthantheremainder,

obscurerelatively

one-third
long, exceeding
ones
succeeding
bicolored,outersegments
becoming
3

shorternasus
stripe,concolorous,
three segments
brownishterminal
proximalyellow,less than twice
the penultimate.
Antennae
short,

prolongationa narrow
with

brown

slightlylateralthe wing,yellow
progressively

proximal
with
dark

three

darker,thesegments

brown

light

segment
relatively
yellow,

basal

outer

enlargements,
ones
almostuni

C. P., Proc. Linn.
Soc. NewSouth Wales,
57: 6-7, portrait,
Alexander,
1932.
F. A. A.,
Proc.
Linn.
Soc. New
Skuse,South Wales,(2)4(1889,
1890.
preprint):
757-892,
ibid.,
pis. 21-24;
53-139,(2)5:pis. 4-6,

P.

ALEXANDER

verticaltubercle

CHARLESHeadcolorous.
head
the

front

with

and

scutumPronotal

brown

sides
central
line,
four
with
yellow,
lateralnarrow,
stripesbehind,

paler

with
brown;abrown

stripecapillary

of

meron

pteropleurite,andcentralsclerites
posterioronscutellum
andInyellow.
pale
as
about
pattern

dorsalbrown

conspicuous

short,

praescutumwiththe brownthefemale,in male.

Pleuraremainder

anepisternum,
stem
with

pale
dark

Halt?resknob
yellow,
regionyellow.
coxae
femoraand trochanters
yellowed;
light brown,
tibiae and tarsi brownish
black
to black;of maledarkerclaws
brown;
a smallsubbasal
acutespine.
Wings(fig. 8) palepatterned
yellow,brown;
brown.

dorsopleural
Legs withbrown,
arcular

the

two

area

in basesvein M
seams

subequalof cells R

in amount;dark patternover origin
and M,
broadlyof Rs,

reachingbrown

including

outer

wing
tip; otherand allend of M

Cu

A;

long,

brown;

Mhyellow,

patterned
areas ofanterior

in male,C

stigmabroad

at base;especiallyclear
in the prearcular
light yellow
Rs very
third of wing.
Venation:cellareas,

2nd

and

the

about

darker,

three

and

in female;

one-halfprearcular
veins
light

dark

its branches
field

and

cell

in thebrown

in the groundfour times

field

and

long,

nearlyRi+z

with

a post

cord

and

tips
with

includesanterior
behind,overcertainveins,

excepting
Sc light

m-cu

colorson

obscurescutal

gray

light

dark

of malebrown;
interspaces
withlobes patterned

vestitureonyellow

darkerpunctures;withyellow

mediotergite;
mesonotum

narrow

praescutum
intermediatepairlight brown
stripes,borderedslightlybysetigerous
brownishawithyellow
Mesonotalbrown.

palerofremainder
light yellow;
centralindicated
line, besta vaguedarkenedbehind.

very pale brown withand immediately
tubercle387

1st M2cell

atrophied;small.
a central
abdominal
obscurebrown
withtergites
yellowlongitudi
the line narrowerand clearlyin female,definedsublateral
stripe,stripeslateral margins
sternitesin color,
similardark stripe
centralpale,
light gray;and somewhat
broaderouterdark brown.
segments
paler brown,
Ovipositor
Basal

nal

with

cerci
Male
very slender.
long and straight,(fig. 22) withhypopygium
broad
at base,narrowed
in two/, long,
tergite,terminating
outwardly,
broad
obtuselobes that are separated
roundedyellow
by a wider
emargination,

atits basevestiture
furrow;
to microscopic
small

with
of

outer

a microscopic
notchthat leads
into a narrowdorsalabundant
and verybut yellow
tergiteinconspicuous,
on lobes, especiallytwob, withoutwardly.
Basistyle,one a broadoverdirected
glabrous
triangle,
outwardly

spines or rods,
the basesof the dististyles,
tip acute,as a stout arm that narrows
appearing

second
into

an

of

Outer

d,
dististyle,
beak blackened,

rod with

numerousyellow
the beaksetae.

and

rod
acute

directed
longer,terminal
spine,

inner

style

with

both

latterappressed;
their
tips

dorsalmarginaseriesbent

lobe with

scatteredinto hair-likerightanglessetae and abundant
short

points;dense

setae,
basal
appearcushionlike.

TRANS.

AMER.

at

and

Phallosome,
ENT.

SOC,

VOL.

lower

p,
97

crest

a

with

stout

straight

rod,laterad,surfacebroad;
therelatively
tipsofobtuse,strongregionyellowapexofyellowouter

setulaeshallowly

to

388

ASIATIC TIPULIDAE

23

zz
?

n. sp., malechandra18, Tipula(Indotipula)
hypo
n.
male
sp.,
stylacuta(Indotipula)Fig.
pygium;hypopygium;
n. sp., male
subvaruna
21,(Indotipula)
20, Tipula
hypopygium;
Fig.
Fig.
n.
skuseanamale
sp.,
22, Tipula
Fig.
Tipula(Kalatipula)
hypopygium;aka n. sp., male
(Pterelachisus)(Pterelachisus)
Fig. 23, Tipula
hypopygium;
Text-figs.

18-23.

Fig.

19, Tipulan. sp., malewiedemanniana
Symbols:
nite;

b, basistyle;hypopygium.

d, dististyle;g, gonapophysis;p, phallosome;s, sterone

smaller.

t, tergite.

emarginate,

three

with

sternite,Eighthnumerous
long

8s,

small

elongate,
setae.
yellow

darkened
narrowed

points,theoutwardly,

apex

medianbroadlyobtuse,withCHARLES?
Holotype.
Agency, Assam,

ALEXANDER

s , Nyukmadong,
8000 feet, April

Kameng,20, 1961

389
North

East

(Schmid).

Frontier
Allotopo

.

2

type,

P.

specific name, aka, is that of an aboriginal people inhabit
aka is quite different
fromTipulaing Kameng.
{Pterelachisus)
other generally similar regional species, including T. {P.) cruciata
Edwards
and T. (P.) ranee Alexander,
in the wing pat
especiallyThetern andin hypopygial

the spinous basistyle.
structure, notably
were
in
the
species formerly
placedsubgenus Oreomyza
Rondani.
A dis
Pokorny, now in the synonymy of Pterelachisus
cussion of the subgenera of Tipula as presently recognized by thewriter is contained in two recent papers.4
These

Size

mediumscutum

with

brown

margins;

n. sp.

wiedemanniana(Pterelachisus)

Tipulaof male
(wing
three
the
stripes,antennae

15 mm);
broad

mesonotum

brownisharea

central

brown

light

gray,
with

prae
dark

of malefemoraand tibiae
long, flagellum
black;
claws of maleinfuscated,small,
simple; wings
abdomenbrownish
restrict
areas;
very
yellow,malewithdarker;hypopygium
tergitelarge,
yellow,broad
outer
lobes,
unarmed;basistylelong,
dististyleyellowed,tips inconspicuously
brown
with
whitenedpale
withpatterned
borderwith

edly

posterior
tip

inner

rounded,Frontalwithoutstylelobe; gonapophyses
Male. ?
Lengthsmall,
aboutof headprolongation
brown
above,

ish graydorsalwell-developed

spinelike.
15 mm; wing

15 mm;

nearlynasus

vertexa vaguegray with
scutumbrownishdark

scutellum

brownishish gray,disk

spicuously
brownishmargined
each
gray,

with

darkermedially,withpatterned
above,

yellow.
three

light

evident
darkerbrown.

with

coxae

Halt?restestaceous,

4
Alexander,
Pacific
Insects,C.
7:remainder

black.
scapeandthe sides
andmedially,
withthe ground
brown
area
con
light brown,

mediotergite

gray,

light

posteriorposteriorly;

dorsopleuraldark brown.

bases

yellow;

darker;Jour.
P., PhilippineSei.,
33 figs.,
1965.
333-356,

trochanters94:

scutumgray,vaguely

third; pleurotergite
graymesonotum
withoutlight testaceous,sparselypruinose,stem obscure
with
knob
yellow,slightly

pedicelsmall,
longestorbitslight gray,thestripes,lateraldark brown;darker,stripessolidly
lobe withtwo darker
scutellum
testaceousareas;

onbrown,
especiallymore
infuscatedbrown

or wing;praescutum
broad
centralyellowed;

basal

long yellow
Antennae

darkening.
andelevated

Mesonotal

dark

with

parascutellakatapleurotergite
setae.
Pleuracentral
black

outer
7 mm.

about

remainder,
tufted with
very

with
basal
segments
enlargements
the segment
and anterior
Front

flagellum
black;
about
one-half

Pronotalantennato theequal

beneath;short,
two segments
setae; palpi with proximal
brown,of malethe body
one-halfvery
long, nearlyyellow,verticils

or

crest

235-286,50

regionfemoraLegs
andfigs.,

1965;

390

TIPULIDAE

ASIATICtibiaeyellowed,
remainderbrown,

basitarsi
andbrown;
lightinconspicuously
narrowlywithclaws of maletarsi black;small,
Wings
simple.
and restrictedfield
costalyellowed;
regionprearcular

tips
of

groundbrown,
pale
brown marks
darkerslightlyoveranterior
cord,
includingat originin cell Cu,
of Rs andarculusbeyondareas
at or beforemid
the stigma; whitenedotherslength of cells R to 1st A, withcord
in cells R2 and R3; cell R5 vaguely
areas
in outersimilarobliterative
half;
and

basal

three
2nd

of M3;
veins
on veins Rs andveinsremaining
Venation:beartrichia.

trichia,
A

which

of
petiolelar basal
section.

m-cu;

small

narrow

darkened

apex

of

secondline near

nearofapices
with
long

end

outer

tergite darker.
border with

the

at

margin;lobes.

broadlyobtuse;narrow,heavily

blackened;stylelacking,
represented
virtually
sentedby two small yellow
Eighthlobes

sternite,and with

8s,
very

its base;tergalsetae.

yellow
inner

sparse

base

and
and

beyondon outerhypopygium
U-shaped
obtusebroadly
small

b,

a

small

large,

beakobtuse,

low

with

the
with
dark

brown,
pale
lower beak

apex

long,
lobe
basal
crest, outer
Phallosome
repreflange.

dorsalg, that narrow
bordernearlyposteriorsmallsetae only.

23)

emargination
a longwithscattered,especiallywithout
lobes, mesald,ofpatterned
borders
and

and

oval,

small,

dististyle,in length,

subequalno development
by

(fig.

large
very

twice
long, nearly
the perpendicu

very
restrictedly
extremelateralalobes

gonapophyses,

Rs
beyond

Male

setae

Basistyle,Outertransverse,

nearpresent;
on M*

areas,/, large, posterior
tergite,a smaller
one
comparable
ened

Ri+2
to m; m-cu

subequaloutersegments
yellow,withbasal
segments

brownish

Abdomenwithcell Miin cell Ri

stigmabrightenedend of cellof 1st Ms
Ri, basal half
field.
morein the costal
yellowedbrown,
two orwith
halfof Ri+5, on Mi
distalonly
andof CuiC, R, mostglabrous
exceptinghalfMacrotrichia

beforeintolongtruncate,

spines.
without?

$ , Tsomgo,
Sikkim, in Rhododendron
association,
Holotype.
12,500 feet, August 26, 1959 (Schmid).
to Christian Rudolph Wilhelm WiedemannThis fly is dedicatedstudent of exotic Diptera,( 1770-1840),
includingearly outstanding
His single most important publication was the Aus
the Tipulidae.
two volumes.
Insekten (1828-1830),
sereuropaische
zweifl?gelige
The most nearly allied regional species are Tipula(PterelachiinRhododendrontheassociationssus) mystax Alexander,
occurringhigh altitudes in Sikkim, and T. (P.) sharva Alexof
The former species has the colora
Burma.
northeasternander,
tion of the body and wings distinct, antennae and legs uniformly
at comparable

and the hypopygial
the wing veins virtually glabrous,
blackened,
structure distinct, including the outer basal lobe of the inner disti
Tipula sharva is more similar in thestyle and the gonapophyses.

CHARLES

coloration

391

ALEXANDER

P.

of the wings and legs, differing especiallymore abundant trichia of the wing veins,in the shorterand in hypoantennae,of the basistyle, pale
pygial characters,
including the conformation
outer dististyle with truncated apex, and the very broad lower beakof the inner style. The latter species has subapterous
females andit appears possible that a comparable
condition occurs in the otherspecies discussed.

and

long

length,flagellar
claws
of malenov.

Ramatipula

Subgenus
Nasus

Antennae

conspicuous.
withsegments
toothed.
Wing
twice m-cu.

longverticils.

of maleshort

Tibialspur

to medium
formulain

1-2-2;

pygiumlateralcell 1st M2
small,
pentagonal;(fig. 9) withnaked.
of outer half of wing
Veins
Squamawithvalvessmooth.
Maleelongate,hypo
Ovipositor
the ninth
into conspicuouswith/, produced
tergite,(figs. 24-27)
or subacute
acutelobes with
their vestiture
reduced.
very
apices,NinthsterniteRs

approximately
with macrotrichia.

Basistyle,b,

at mostextended

a

with
into

small

lobe

a flattened

bladed, with
dististyles.
Dististyles,
basal
in position(bangerterana,

tippedoverlies

small,

in somestylebilobula,

phallacaena,fromthe inner

reduced(bagchiana,
the inner

octacantha,
oreoctistes,of thestyle
just basad

but

is

that

outer

ana morein sizethat

distinct

podana)lower beaklackingof thewiththesetae.
longbasesof theseparate,
speciesin kuntze
pierreana),
in otherstyle,
speciesor entirely
fused with
basal
lobe
latter; outeror long spines,
in orelobuleswithlarge and conspicuous,
provided
fleshyto a single
octistes
reducedbasal
dilation.
very
long slenderspine without
stout
centralwithoutp, a simple
Phallosome,structure,gona
projecting
into two flattened
8s, at apex produced
Eighthsternite,
pophyses.
blades,in phallacaena.
apparently
undeveloped?
octacantha Alexander.
Tipula (Ramatipula)Type of subgenus.
Other species presently known to belong here include T. (R.) bag
chiana n. sp. (Assam), T. (R.) bangerterana Alexander(Assam),T.

T. (R.) flavithorax Bru(R.) bilobula Alexander(Thailand),netti (South India), T. (R.) kuntzeana n. sp. (Assam),T. (R.)
oreoctistes Alexander
T.
Alex(South India),(R.) phallacaena
ander (Assam), T. (R.) pierreana Alexander,
and T. (R.) podana
n. sp. (Assam).
The strict identity of flavithorax
remains in question. Edwards
somere-examined
the type and provided(1924)
further notes on the male hypopygium.
The fly certainly appears
to be distinct from the similar oreoctistes.
The most
TRANS.

nearly

AMER.

ENT.

relatedSOC,

subgenusVOL.

97

is Indotipula

Edwards,

the

392

ASIATICTIPULIDAE

species of which are similar in their general appearance but differ
in important characters,
including the tibial spur formula and in
the tergite, reduction
in size orfeatures, particularly
hypopygial
total loss of the outer dististyle,lack of distinct gonapophyses,
andof the eighth sternite.
A further species,
appendageofshawiana
from all the above
differs
TipulaAlexander,
Thailand,in the structure of the eighth sternite but likewise may be found tobelong here.
the bilobed

Tipula(Ramatipula)Sizethoraxrelatively
fulvoustivelylong,slightly

blackened;n. sp.

bagchianaabout
16 mm);of male(wing
generalnot or scarcely
antennae
patterned;

largeyellow,segments
bicolored;
brownishyellow,male
hypopygium

flagellar
wings

Frontalslenderof headprolongation

brown.
palpi
basal
three
the wing;
nasus;

obscureAntennae

femoraltips
clearerfields
outer

near

rod,

of
rela

legs
light yellow,
and costal
prearcular
no differentiatedwithbrown;
stigmaouter basal
inner style withlobe a long blackened
style,
a strong
spine.
Male. ?
about
15-16 mm;16-17 mm;
Lengthwing
mm.
yellow,colorationof maleantenna

disti

apex

with

about

5-5.2

brownishyellow,

includingof malerelatively

long,

the
about

long
one

ones
con
segments
succeeding
light yellow,
outerthe small basal enlargements
bicolored,
black,
spicuously
light yellow,
more
two or threeverticils
shorterthan thesegments
darkened;
uniformly
Front
and verticalthe lattertuberclesegments.
light yellow,
impressedthirdremainder

medially;andscutellum

lightdifferentiatedvertexoflight brown.
broadlysclerites
andCervicalorbitsgray,

scutumpronotal
Mesonotum

narrowly

paler

gray,

dark

brown

medially,

broadly
fulvousyellow.
fromremainderofyellow;more
claws
blackened;chantersslightlylegs lightof malesides

stripespraescutal
yellow,and medio
scutellum
ground;the moreyellowed
setae.
Pleurasparse yellow
fulvous,tergite withstem yellow,
with
knob
brown.
Halt?resdark
scarcely

occiputyellow.
region
coxae
tro
and

dorsopleural
with
Legs

bases

brown,

femoraltoothed.

brownishWings
Sc slightly
darker,yellow,tips

yellow,and costal
cell
clearerregionsyellow,
stigmamoreradialcells vaguely
distalends of outerveinsdarker;brown,
brown;
in the brightened
fields.
Veins
cord withbrownishabundant
beyondyellow
on Rs, over moston Ri+$; basad
trichiaof cord withof Mtrichia,lackingprearcular

and

both

about

Anals,

one-third

virtually
to one-halfof cell Mi
petioleabdominal
Basal
a

ring,

hypopygium

aboutlackinglongertwice m.

segments
slightly

fulvous,darkeronbasal

sectionofcell

1st M2than m-cu;
sevenththan

Venation:

small,

Rs

pentagonal;

to form
blackenedeighthbasal
abdominal
segments;

and
the

Cui.

CHARLES

setae

small,very

unusually
subacute

glabrous,
lobes
that

base

a very

with

duced

setae.
yellowtion indicatedthe tergite,
with
/,
Male
(fig. 24)
hypopygium
two broadsetae microscopic;
borderwithposteriorat itsemargination,
separatedby a broad V-shaped

pale.
the
are

small

a flattened

into

outer
pro
b, withangle
apicala rounded
lobe withlong
angle bearing
no differentiatedouter
its posid, single, withstyle,
inner style as shown,lobe basad of the lower beak;elevation.

Dististyle,by a small

Basistyle,

inner

blade,

crest

lobe

a longwithlow

protuberance

low; outer basal
very
elongate,a furthera strong
spine withp, as in the subgenus,
Phallosome,dorsalits apex

393

ALEXANDER

P.

length.

by microscopic
the lateraling, represented
lobes relatively

basal

broad,?

the gonapophyses

Eighthplates.
withlongmargins

Kameng, North
1961
15,(Schmid).

$ ,Lifakpo,

Holotype.
Assam, 3100

feet, May

blackened

rod, nearat near mid

virtually
8s, withsternite,

lack
outer

setae.

yellow

East Frontier
Paratopotype,

Agency,one $ ,

May 29, 1961.
I am pleased

to name this fly for Mr. D. Bagchi, entomologicalartist who provided outstanding
for Brunetti's
illustrations
studieson the Indian TipuloideaanIn(1912-1918).
early paper (Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus,
1: 118-120,
1913) I had commented
on the high quality and accuracy of Bagchi's drawings.
is mostsimilar to T. (R.)(Ramatipula)bagchiana
n. sp. and T. (R.) podana n. sp., differing evidently
inof the dististyle.
The otherwise
structure, especiallyhypopygialof South India, simivery different T. (R.) oreoctistes Alexander,outer dististyle.
larly has no differentiatedTipulakuntzeana

Tipula(Ramatipula)

Size
the

of malerelatively

notum

orange,n. sp.

kuntzeana

large
(wing
more
yellowed;

pleurafirst

lowed,
seven
with
style
sternite

black; wings
light brown,cell
1st M2
abdomenfulvoussmall,
orange,pentagonal;
segments
and eight
brownishblack
to form a narrowring; malehypopygium
outerlobes blackened,distinct
but veryinnertergaldististylesmall,
the outer basal
lobe withthree majorlarge and complex,
eighthspines,
with
?

Male.

the
Length

lobes
about

Frontalprolongation
obscureelongate,

nasus

relatively
15 mm;
ofhead

yellow,

narrow.
wing
light

ing

15 mm;

yellow
tipped withbrown.
black;

15 mm);
colorationof mesogeneralantennaewith flagellar
segmentsbeyondand cell Sc more
field
prearcularyelantennaabove,
long

about
lower

black

4.1 mm.

half

infuscated;setae;

palpi
light
remainder

Antennaewiththreesegments
proximallight yellow,
with
basal
exceedsegments
flagellar
poorlyenlargements,
developed
their verticils
Head
in length.
andlight yellow
restrictedly
anteriorly

TRANS.

AMER.

ENT.

SOC,

VOL.

97

394
on

ASIATIC

vertexorbits,Pronotaldullorange.
above
light

scutumMesonotum

almostdifferentiatedfrom

uniformly
the ground,notai

vestiturevirtually

dent

longeststem

behind,obscureandtrochanters

yellow,
light

restrictedly
tinged withyellowed;

lightstigmafields.

light

brown,

brightenedbasadofsection

TIPULIDAE

brown,

sides

and

the

scutellumorange,thepraescutal

stripesvaguely

separateda capillarybyon praescutum,
lacking
light yellow
on the mediotergite.
Pleurayellow.
at base,brighterremainder
yellow;
claws of male with

knob

field

and

brown,
prearcular
mediumbrown;
Abundant

this on Rs

light

and

outer

infuscated.
legs

on

ends

of

cell

dark

Sc morebrown,and moreevi

Halt?res

with

with

coxae

Legs

femoralbrown,
tooth.

lighta conspicuousveinstrichia

on

of

bases
(fig. 9)cell Sc

Wings

yellowed,slightly
paler
veins
beyondveins
exceptinglongitudinal
all primaryyellow.

slightly
only
darkerline;

in thecord,
basal

of Cui.

Rs
Venation:
almostcell Miabout
twice m-cu;
one-half
its petiole;cell 1st M?
small,
pentagonal.
seven
fulvousand eight
tobrownishblackorange,segments
a narrow
form
with
dense
short yellow
segments
setae; hypopygium,
ring,
outer
end of eighth
the outer organs
blackened.
sternite,
includingyellowed,
Male
the ninth/, produced(figs. 25, 26) withhypopygium
tergite,apically
thanlongerAbdomen

into

two

broad

emargination.
small
very

blackened
Basistyle,

but

inner

species;dorsalandlinearareas

distinct,as figured,theseblades,separatedby a subequal
at apex. Dististyles,
outerb, producedd, withstyle
not fused withas in various
the inner stylealliedvery
large,
includingcrestsconspicuous,

style

posterior

the

broad

both

with

in rows;
outer
basal
arranged
one subbasal,
the short outerspines,base, all spines withpale setae.
long delicate
terminal
8s, withsternite,Eighthapophyses.

major

and
equal

outer

marginin lengthofto the

each

with

very

long

lobe

beak

very

spine with
Phallosome
lobesyellowandabundant

lowerlarge,
a smallwithout

relatively
thesetae,

beak;microscopic
three
bearing
point

near

developed
narrow,

longestapex
nearlylobes.

?

$ ,Ankaleng, Kameng, North East Frontier Agency,
Holotype.
2100
Assam,
feet, May 26, 1961 (Schmid).
to Albert Kuntze
a Ger
The species is dedicated(1842-1933),
man worker on the European
with important papers
Tipulidae,
published in 1914 and 1920.
of the subgenus
Other membersthat have the outer dististyleof the male hypopygium
distinct and unfused with the inner styleinclude Tipula
T. (R.)(Ramatipula)bangerterana
Alexander,
bilobula Alexander,
and T. (R). pierreana Alexander,
all differingfrom one another principallyin hypopygial
structure, having theouter dististyle much larger, basal in position, and entirely distinct
fromthe inner style, differing

further

in all detailsofthe tergite,

CHARLES

395

ALEXANDER

P.

inner style and eighth sternite.
The rows of abundant microscopic
areas on the inner style of the present fly are noteworthy.
Tipula(Ramatipula)n. sp.

podana18 mm);
Size relatively
colorationof thorax
large(wing of male
generalwithfour conspicuous
dark brownscutallobes
yellow,
praescutum
stripes,less clearlyantennalvery pale brown,bicolored;
patterned;
flagellum
wings
and costal fields
prearcularyellow;strongly
pale brownish
yellowed,
stigmaabdomendifferentiated

outer

black

male
the

hypopygium
outer
basal

clearly
no
with
lobe

with

sterniteeighthspines;setae.

and moredarkerstripes,

blackened;style with

inner

dististyle,
two unequalwithsmall,

tivelyblades

brown

three
tergites withyellow,in the female,outersegments

definedrelaterminal

few long
broad, withrelatively?
5 mm.
17 mm; wing
18 mm;
antennaabout
about
Length22 mm; wing
20 mm.
Female. ?
about
LengthFrontalthe long
brownishof headincludingprolongation
yellow,Male.

a narrow
line
brown
with
laterallywithtwo segments
palpi
proximalblack.

Antennae

segments

bicolored,
the bicoloredyellow,verticils

laterally.
Cervicalyellow,

conspicuous
anterior
end;
two palesegments.

buffy

yellow,yellow.
entiredark

brownremainderofvertexeye;brownishbrown,
segment;

longestandocciput
clearergray,tubercle,brownishbrownishblack,

sides

obscureyellow,

with

light
four

the intermediateatconfluentstripes,pairof notumeachscutallobe withyellowed,sclerites

mesonotal
vestiture
short and sparse,
yellow.
Halt?resstem yellow,
withregionlight yellow.
coxae
with
and trochantersfemorabrown,
yellow;tibiaeblack;
tips brownish
brown,
tips narrowly

areas;

yellow,tarsi brownish

darkened,verticalnasus,
thesucceedingremainder

yellow,terminal

with

brown

remainder

light
dark

Head

scutumpronotalbroadly
Mesonotal
praescutum

posterioryellow,
dorsopleuraldark brown.
Legs
narrowly

to thetoalmostyellow,theandregionscutellum

brownishthreesegments
proximal
small
basal
enlargements
natureto thepersistingwithsubequal
the narrow
orbitscaudadextends

that

claws

black;of male

small

a

with

Pleura
knob
bases
more

strongspine.

and costal
fieldsvery pale brown,
prearcularstronglyyellowed,
cell Sc, stigma pale brownish
areas before
obliterativeciallyyellow;and in cell 1st M?? small and inconspicuous;
dark brown,veinsyellow

stigmain theWings

fields.

brightened

about

the

proximalhalfof wing withblack
conspicuousof M
and Cui, more
extensive

Venation:Rsnearly

twice

m-cu;

trichia,
on Anallackingveins.

ontwice m;cell

1st M??

Abdomenrow

in male,ments
Ovipositor

TRANS.

withpentagonal.
three
tergites with

brown

more

and

blackened,
cerci
long

AMER.

two-thirdsofpetioleabout

cell Mismall,

yellowed,in femalein maleof outer

Veins

espe

ENT.

SOC,

blackenedin femaleandslender,

VOL.

97

the

stripes,theconspicuous;
subterminal
twostraight,

hypovalvae

central

one

nar

outer

three

seg

segments
stouter.

black.
Male396

ASIATICTIPULIDAE

at
acuteof tergite,
the lobes/, broadly(fig. 27) witha dark brownlower
surfacewithb, withflange.
Basistyle,outerbroad.
withunitedd, withstyle
Dististyle,completely

hypopygiumonbasally
cal

lobe

lower
unequalsome,of the inner style; outer basal
lobe relatively
projection
and an additional
black
blackenedspinesmicroscopic
as reducedovalp, stout,
gonapophyses
appearingouterlobes broad,8s, withsternite,few setae,ones
the more
basal
longer.

Eighthtivelytheirlateral

api
the
two

with

small,

Phallopoint.

at

base.

with

rela

platesmarginstips,?
$ , Dirang Dzong,
Holotype.
Kameng, North East Frontier
5300
feet, July 19, 1961 (Schmid).
Allotopo
Agency, Assam,abroken9,
type,
pinned with type.
The species is named for Nicolaus
Poda von Neuhaus(1723a
In 1761 Poda
of
LinnaeusandFabricius.
1798),
contemporary
one of the mostdescribed Tipula
maxima,(Acutipula)ous of the Europeanofthegenus.
species

conspicuof the subgenus having the outer dististyle of the
hypopygium
completely united with the inner style include Tipulan. sp., T. (R.) octacaniha Alexander,
bagchiana(Ramatipula)T.
andall quite distinct in hypopygial(R.) oreoctisies Alexander,
the outer basal lobe of the dististyle.
structure, especially
Other

species(Schummelia)

Tipulato pagastiana,

Alliedmale

male

longer;n. sp.

eggeriana

in hypopygial
chieflywithlobe of ninth

differing

hypopygium
inner dististyle

structure;
tergiteantennae

of

the

setae

narrow,

the marginalwithat baseofshort;
relatively
enlargement
as pale blades
beaklike a boomerang,
low; gonapophyses
appearing
shapednot enlarged.
apices11 mm; wing
about
antenna
11.5 mm;about 4 mm.
Male.?Length
Female. ?
12 mm; wingabout
11.5 mm.
LengthFrontalof headthe small nasus
short, yellow,
prolongation
concolorous;
palpi

with

paler.

first

Antennae

andfourthof malescape and pedicel
yellow,brownishsegments
black,
small.
Head
dark orange,
cloud.
Pronotumwithentiatedmoreyellowed
areas;

medially,
scutellum

vestitureofyellowed
lobes
obscurescutellum

thebybrownishanterioreachbrown,

succeeding

yellow,basal
verticils,
eitherside withborderwithparascutella

mediotergite

ones

intermediate
the measurements;

enlargements
a pale brownon sides.
darkened
Mesonotal
weaklybrownishwithfour scarcely
yellowyellow,
andonblack,
shown

pale

stripes,palesegment
theirvertexposterior

as

long,

than

longeryellow
medially,
the groundvery

scutumbrownishsegments
relatively
first flagellar

prae
differscutumbrown;
narrowly
two more
confluentyelloweddarker;blackened,

postnotum
butsparse,yellow;
relatively

CHARLES

24-29. ?

Text-figs.

Figs.

hypopygium;
pygium;28,

Fig.
Tipula27,

Fig.

Tipula26, Tipula

hennigiana(Schummelia)b, basistyle;

397

ALEXANDER

n. sp., malebagchiana
n. sp., malekuntzeanahypon. sp., malepodanahypopygium;
n. sp., male29,
Fig.
hypopygium;(Ramatipula)(Ramatipula)(Ramatipula)

Tipula(Schummelia)

TipulaSymbols:

24,

Fig.
25,

P.

eggeriana
n. sp., maled, dististyle;hypopygium.
s, sternite;p, phallosome;t, tergite.

stem
Halt?res
Pleurawithorangelight
conspicuous.
yellow.
at base,base moreknob brown
apex vaguelybrightened.
yellowed,coxae
and trochantersfemorabasally,
Legs withyellow;yellowedbecoming
toand tarsi brownish
black
tibiaebrown,
darker;yellowish
tips narrowly
long

and

brown,

black;

claws

TRANS.

simple.
AMER.

Wings

ENT.

SOC,

light

brown,

VOL. 97

restrictedly

patterned

withslightly

398

ASIATICand costal
fieldslight yellow,
yellow,prearcular
pale
seams
over
cord
and outermediumbrown
dark brown;darkerbrown

andstigmaend oflong-oval,vein M;obliterative

1st M2

into baseof M2;

areas

a palervein Cu; veinsadjoining
Rs short,
straight,
slightlyof M;
cell Mi
four
deep,
Abdominal

beforerowly
pairedspots
subapical
Malehypopygiuminpalethan one-half

to fivetimes

its petiole.

yellow,posteriorsterniteemarginate,
weaklyof blade
inrolled.
marginsblack
the latter withsetae,

numerous

with

Mesal

face

a small

pencilabout

its lengthd, relatively
short,
inner style withbeakshort;
tivelya concentrationbase withof longstyle,

similar

black

sides

parallel,includinga marginalp, withspine;
narrowed

8s,

extensive,
posteriorthe lateral groups
setae,

and

Venation:diffuse,cell

cell Mclose

to forklateralbordersnar

blade,

relatively
sterniteof ninthor
truncate
apex
short setae,
lateralwithnumerous

setae.
longerthe breadth,
times

still

of
five

long
disti

Outer
setae
outer

lobe

rela

face

large,

atwithfrom very
grouplarge palearising
into aof aedeagus
apex
produced
as boomerang-shaped
blades,pale

gonapophyses
toverygraduallybordersubtruncate,moreareas.

blackened,
long-produced,
black
basal
setae; outer

Phallosome,setae,

punctures.
recurvedslightlyoflatterthem-cu,(fig. 28) with
into a narrowparallel-sided
half

acrossandthe base
infuscated,brownishblack,
styli
hypopygium
area of posteriorborderthe medianyellowed,moreyellowed;

outer

and
borderstigmabeyondalong posterior
the obliterative

brown,
moreeightht, produced

basal

and
area

yellowbrownishtergitessternites

black;

pale.
of tergite,

TIPULIDAE

the

the

obtusewithcentralsternite,Eighth
tip.
of
three
concentrations

area

crowded,linear.

?
$ , Shergaon, Kameng, North East Frontier Agency,
Holotype.
6300
9,Assam,
feet, May
(Schmid).
7, 1961
Allotopoiype,
one $ , one $ .
withpinnedtype. Paraiopoiypes,
for Johann Georg Egger
Austrianstudent
Named(1804-1866),
of the European Diptera,
including the Tipulidae.
The most nearly related species is Tipula (Schummelia)
pagastiana Alexander,of Sikkim, readily told by the hypopygial
characters,
the tergite, inner dististyle and gonapophyses.
including especially
Other more distantly allied regional membersof the subgenus in
T. (S.) lindneriana Alexander,
clude J. (S.) dravidiana Alexander,
and T. (S.) m?dica Alexander.
(Schummelia)

TipulaSize medium
with

four

virtuallyhennigiana(wing of maleconcolorous

brown,
light yellow;
pleuramale
faintlysimple; wings
vaguely

seamedwithpalen. sp.

15 mm);

mesonotal
praescutum
light brownthat are bordereddarkerby slightly
stripesantennal
claws
ofblack;
flagellum
legs brown,
dark brown,
cordveins beyond
infuscated,stigmabrown;

male

hypopygium

withposteriorborderCHARLES399

ALEXANDER

P.

abundant
withlobes very
the usual
low, provided
truncate,
tergite nearlyof style
surfaceof body
beak pointed,
with
dark
inner dististylesetae;
dense yellow
setulae.
15 mm;
antenna
Male. ?
about 4 mm.
13 mm; wingabout
Lengthnasus
of head brownish
Frontalelongate;lightyellow,
palpi
prolongation
Antennaewithand pedi
blackened.
scapebrown,
segment
tip of terminal
of

long
with

cel

light

ments.

silvery,
Pronotalscutum

brown

light

heavilyofremainder

medially,

with

Mesonotal
praescutum
light yellow.
concolorous
withfour virtually
stripesdisk

thestripes,dark

seg

to appeartheandpronotumthe ground
light
are

that

the intermediate
darkerborders,pair
by the slightly
chiefly
area
humeralchestnutline on anterior
half,light yellow,
the central
unitedbehindinterspaces
suture orange;
scutumalmostuniformly

theexceedingwhitenedslightlybrown,

clear

propleurabrown,

verticils

black;
longestflagellum
yellow,vertexFront
and anteriorpaledark brown.
remainderof headwith

distinguisheda capillary

the

brown

light
borderextremeatthethe central
brown,
includingits center darkened;
mediotergite

scutellum
brown,
parascutella
yellow,borderbrown,
pleurotergite
broadly
light brown,
cephalic
posterioryellow,
half of katapleurotergite
vestitureof praescutum
sparse and weak,
yellowed;
setae black,lobes withand mediotergite
with
abun
scutellumsides of scutal
area;

dant
erect whitenedsetae.
long
coxae
and
trochanters
Legs withfemoralbases narrowly
yellowed;

light
claws

brown.

All

arculus,
2nd A;

notespecially(fig. 29) withthe usualcate,
ous punctures.
theobtuse;lobes,
dense

lobes

very

low;

surfacedististyle,innerdiameter;of outerregionthe former withyellow

simple.
cell Scand more

and

Outer

greatest

small
Cu

of

broken.
legs

Wings

basal
long

d,

with

about

Venation:
obliqueabundant

setae

and

one-halffourbrown,(fig.

brown,
veins
brown;
paleto thetrichia
virtuallybrown,
withseamedandHalt?respaler

onextensively
Rs relatively
cell Mi

m-cu;

with
sternites
abundantbrown,
segments
paler;
the tergites,
the ninthMalesegment.
includingborderthe tergite,t, transverse,
posteriornearlysetae,

pygiumsmall,

dark

abundant

on M

this

yellow.
remainderon m-cu.
sparselythan the only
longerslightlym.
one-half

one-third
long, about
its petiole
about
deep,
Abdominal
tergites
dark

with

veins

longitudinalquite
reaching
on msimilartrichialightyellow;of maleinfuscated,stigmafaintly
long-oval,Cu
and veins
cord vaguely
beyond

10)
vein

as

Pleura

from
times

long
hypo
trun

conspicu
as long

beak
lower
beak
very
style withpointed,crest produced
and posterior
into roundedcoarsethe beak withsetae; body of style behindlobesetulae.

?
$ , Jhum La, Kameng, North East Frontier Agency,
Holotype.
7800 feet, May
Assam,
13, 1961 (Schmid).
The species is named for Willi Hennig,
student ofdistinguishedthe higher Diptera
and the immature stages of the entire order,
TRANS.

AMER.

ENT.

SOC,

VOL.

97

400

ASIATICTIPULIDAE

the Tipulidae
and associatedfamilies.
His most impor
on this latter subject is Die Larvenformen
der Dipteren,
1948-1952.

includingtant work
3 parts,

In its general appearance Tipula (Schummelia)
hennigiana
sug
gests T. (S.) contin?ala Brunetti, T. (S.) xanthopleura
Edwards,
and some others but is quite distinct
and especially in the hypopygium.

Size medium

10 mm);
mesonotal
praescutum
paleantennal
stripes,yellowed
pleurayellow;
femoralwithbases
suffused
black;
legs black,yellowed;
wings
m-cu
at fork of M; maledark brown,
stigmalong-oval,
long, placedorangeof male(wing
withfour moreof colorationn. sp.

schrankiana(Schummelia)

Tipulain the details

brown,

flagellum
brown,

aboutwithborderof tergite
hypopygium
posteriorproducedwithlateral margins
stiff setae.
lobe, the outersparse10 mm;
Male. ?
about
10.3 mm.
Length
wing

a

into

rectangularnasus
Frontalof headobscuresmall,
concolorous;
prolongation
yellow,
two segmentsof palpi brown,
terminal
third yellow,
dark
proximalsegment
ened outwardly.
of maleAntennaebutlong, outerpart broken
relatively
evidently

theflagellum

black;

organ

enlargements,
behindnearlyflagellar
exceedingthe loworange,occiputyellowed.
scutumPronotal
Mesonotal
more

four

tuberclebrownishwithpraescutumorangeone-half
the body;
and pedicelscapeyellow,
the first with
small
basal
segmentsvery
beyondFront
the verticils.
vertexanterior
dullyellow;yellowed
stripesarea
mediandarkeryellow,
the groundvery
that are poorly

brown,

obscurebrownishyellow,

relativelyt?res withonconspicuous,
longeststem brownish
yellow,

infuscated.
darker
male
seams
and

Legs

with

outwardly,

thesimple.
fieldscostaltheoverlatteryellowed;m-cu
andregionanteriorly;

scutellum

yellow.
disk withorangebrown,
scutallobes
evident;
pale

scutellum

yellow;

11)

strongly

long-oval,
stigmavein Cu;
small

with

dark

brown;

butofbrown,
narrow

conspicuous
cell M3
and

Venation:Rssimilarly

mediotergite
vestiture
pale but

Pleurasuffused

of

and

notai

yellow
medially;
the mediotergite.

and in extreme
base
stigmaareas.
in the yellowed
brighterbeyondbrown,
fourths

clearer

central

gray,

more
slightlybrightenedcoxae
and trochantersfemorayellow;tibiaeand tarsi
black;
tips brownish

(fig.

Wings

brownishbecomingyellow.
at base,yellow
black;

Hal
knob

basally,
of
claws

and
prearcularbrowndarkeryellow

areas

beforeadjacent

cells;
about

three

straight,
m short,

veins

m-cu
four times
its petiole;
Ra+s; cell Mi
deep, nearlylong,
at fork of M.
placedAbdominal
dark brown,sternites more
outer
seg
tergites
chieflyyellowed,
ments
Male
blackened,styli yellowed.
(fig. 30) withhypopygium
posteriorborderintoof tergite,a rectangulararea
the central
farther/, convexly
rounded,produced
its outerwithend subtruncate,indications
of
vague

lobe,

CHARLESashallow

nations.

Outer

it is nearly

dististyle,the
one-third

ened

lower

beak,

dozen

the
stiff setae,
with
very
sparsemargins
lobe by narrowfromthe central
emargiacrossbroadest
base where
short,
tip obtuse,lateralnotch,
shouldersseparated

medianlateral

small

401

ALEXANDER

P.

beak

circularlarge?

Holotype.
(Schmid).
Named

d,

flattened,
end
posterior

Phallosome,p, withvery

pores.

innerobtuse;length;Sikkim,von Paula

Schrankfor Franz

dent of the Bavarian
There are several

of

with

style

apophyses

5600$ , Pemayangtse,

a narrow

with

style

black
about

a

broad.

very

27,

feet, April

1959(1747-1835),
early stu
the Tipulidae
1803).
(1776,

fauna,

includingof the subgenus
produced, most withthat havethe tergite
ofthis lobetheapex
hypopygiumasetae.
withfew
provided
Only
species havelong conspicuous
this structure virtually glabrous, as in the present fly, these includof South India,
dravidiana Alexander,{Schummelia)
ing Tipula
vocatorof Assam
These
and T. {S.)and Thailand.
Alexander,
speciesof the malediffer from the present fly in the structure of this lobe and in other
Both of the above listed species have thecharacters.
hypopygial
circular pale pores near the posterior end of the inner dististyle but
they are smaller and fewer in number than in the present fly.
Tipula(Sinotipula)andAllied28 mm);

similarcurtisiana

n. sp.

to savtchenkoana;of thorax

size very
about
large
(wing of malebrownishwith
fourgray, praescutumcoloration
generallegs reddish
yellow,tarsi blackened;
marbledwings
conspicuously
stripes;and yellow;
abdomencinnamonwithdarkerbrown,
brown,
brown;
grayishwiththe dististyles
those of savtchenkoana,
male
from
hypopygium
differingthe outerstout.
the beak verystyle having
Male. ?
about
27-28 mm;27-28 mm;
antenna
about
5-5.2
wing
Lengthmm.
Female. ?
antennaabout
32 mm; wing
31 mm;
about 4.5 mm.
Lengthin length
Frontalto the remainof headlong, nearly
equal
prolongationawithoutder,maindervery
above

nasus;

dark

brown

with

brown;
paler
palpi
black.
Antennae
segment

tudinally
terminal

yellow;
the
long,
dark

Cervicalbrownishpraescutum
TRANS.

basal

longestorbitsbrown,

regionlight

gray medially,
the
with
AMER.

ENT.

above
dark

on

and

sides,
incisures

brown,

relativelyofenlargements
about
one-third

long;

flagellar
greaterbehindocciput
paler;
brown
dark brownabove,
paler

groundSOC,

onsides,

brown,

lightVOL.

scutellum97

thevariegated

scape

on

light

paler,
rebrown,

small,

verticils
Headdarkersegment.
brown.

sides.

Pronotalscutumsegments
than
the
still

longi

restrictedly

lightbrown.

interspaces

Mesonotal

narrowly

light

402

ASIATICTIPULIDAE

withsetae; diskgray, provided
long pale
and are bordereddarkerthan the ground
also

the

laterallobe withcentermargins
obscurescutellum
brown;by darker
scutellabrown;
mediotergite
a brown

with

area,

light

anapleurotergite
its dorsal
brown,

face

teriorscutalofanglescinnamonbrown,

brownishgraybrownish

gray,

third

posterior

with

four

with

are

that

stripesslightly

includingnarrowlyby still darker,
scutum withof the sclerite;
light gray, eachgroundborderedand mesallybrownishyellowanteriorly

brown,

with

on

brown

pairedsparselysetae ofpruinose;
lobes yellow,

a paler
centraleitherside ofwithspots;

line, para
the midline
pleurotergite
dark

pruinose,

katapleurotergite

scutellum,

mediotergite

very

and

long

and

conspicuous.
and anepisternum

pos
Pleuraon dorsal
withpatterned
sternopleurite
stem pale yel
membrane
Halt?reswithbrown,
dorsopleuralpaler.
coxae
reddishtheir anterior
faces
low, knob dark brown.
brown,
Legs with
tarsi
trochantersremainder
reddishof legs reddish
darker;brown;
yellow,
the proximal
third to half
reddishvestitureof basitarsi
blackened,yellow;

darkerofbut microscopic
andlegs very abundantobtusetooth.
basal
Wings
attractivelyandarkerand pale yellow,
the lastin the cubital
and anal cells;
especiallya pale yellow
near vein Cu, withbrown
narrowlya morein outerat wing-tip
end of cell;again

pattern,from vein R3 acrossthe cell,
extendingof the V in the
tip in cell R5, the pointof the arculus,
ings are in the vicinity
in outerradial
spots
veins
clear
areas;
light yellow.
on M2;
basadof cordsparselysection

outer

fork

of Cui,and veinof Radius,
obliterating
as a very
short vein; m-cu
to extreme

base

Abdominal

tergites

cinnamon

rowly

more

spots,

yellowed,sternites
chiefly

short,

straight,

numerousmark,
V-shaped
to wingoutwardly
the darkest
brown mark

cell;
of

In

Venation:

the holotype,Ri before
the latter element

R2, in otherspecimens
variablein position,

from

and

lateralshortly

beforeMaledarkenedbrown.

Ovipositor

hypopygium
structure
of

(fig.

with
31) muchborders

to produce

nar
small

cerci

relatively
as savtshenko

the dististyles.
Ninth/,tergite,the medianfartherregionpro
dividedinto two smallinpoints;as shown,
in others
bent backward
the convex
outerofsurfacethe platewithabove,
the longer ones
darkenedand moreat thelong setae,
conspicuous
setae long, yellow.
the lateralOutersomewhatd, shaped
dististyle,visiblefrommidline,like the headof a gull,

the flatteneddark

continuous

line

whitenedbrown,
posteriorof basalrings

cinnamondiffering

not

half

cells,

trichiawithanda zigzag
formingof cell M
gray,at near midlength
and
and

outer

and as a series
of
Rs,
with
whitenedalternating
on veins
andR3, R^+s, Mi
on outerends
and M,
of Rs

originin theespeciallyborderrounded,posteriorconvexly
duced
into a rectangular
its apex
plate,
cases
is directed
the extension
outwardly,

ana,

with
brown,of MK.

the margins

tip obtuse.

of malegrayishextendedlatterMacrotrichia
with
2nd A.

persists
end of Ms+4

thenceand medial

marginal

distalwithpatterned
areas narrowbrown,

claw

inconspicuous;

row

of

the beakcolored

blade

small

blackenedvery
atstout,
its basepeg-like

as comparedwithsavtshenkoana,an almostand broader;largersetae along dorsal
part of beak,CHARLES

crest convexlyof dorsal
regionlow
innersetae;
smaller,style
in various
appearances
positions.

?

Holotype.

P.

403

ALEXANDER

rounded,irregular

abundant
withprovidedin outline
and having

small

yel
different

Kameng, North East Frontier
5, 1961 (Schmid).
Allotopo
7800$ , Jhum La, Kameng,Paratype,$ , Talung Dzong,
7600 feet, June

Agency, Assam,
type, $, May
12, 1961.
1961
feet, May
14,
(Schmid).
to John Curtis (1791-1862),
outstandThe species is dedicatedofofstudent
theinsects
Great
Britain,ing pioneer
including the
Tipulidae.
The most

similar species is Tipula
savtchenkoana(Sinotipula)a(savtshenkoi Alexander,
1961, name preoccupied),details distinct,
boththe hypopygial
fly withespecially

Alexander
smallerdististyles.
Tipula(Sinotipula)

Size

large

abdomenstripes;

24 mm);
withthree

praescutum

brownishflagellum

wings

outwardly;
lowed,(wing

brown,
antennal

n. sp.

staegeriana
of malebroad,

lightareas;

patterned
restrictedly
male
with
hypopygium

duced

medially

colorationofpoorlyindicatedbrownishbrownishyellow,
fieldscostalblack;

legs

the prearcularbrown,
with
and
dark
brown

and

abundantthoraxpale

andyellow
darkeryel

yellowofborderthickened,
tergiteprosternitewithlobe; eighth
posterior
shortsetae.
inconspicuous

posterior
mediana reflexed

intogeneralborder

withtruncate,nearlyfringed?
24 mm;
about 27 mm; wing
antennaabout
6 mm.
LengthFrontalof headthan the remain
darkened,
prolongationslightly
longerto the vertex,
nasus
chestnutbrown
der,sloping
graduallylacking,
above,
Male.

moreslightly
thirdbrownishyellow,

Antennaewithblack;

flagellar
than thelongerdarkerbrown

tennaepale,
Pronotumbrownishscapesegments

withsegments.

Headbrownishpedicelyellow,
flagellumbasal
verticilsmuchenlargements,
chestnut
the high vertical
tuberclebrown,

yellow,small

behind,sparselypruinoseanteriorly;
a darkened
with
line.
central
of

by

three

brownishbrown,
borders

thedividing

dark

coveredvirtuallyborderedbydarkerhumerallateralscutumsides

brown,

disk

two segments
below;
palpi withproximalbrown,
last blackened,
all witherectsetae.
conspicuous

yellowed

paler.

space

Mesonotal

yellow

stripes

between

the

an

with
praescutumthat are narrowlyinterspaces
scarcely
differentiated,scutallobes dark brown,each withbrown;
two confluent
brownishcentralareas, medianyellowgray pruinose;
regionscutellum
and mediotergite
dark browna capillarywithcentralline;
paledark brown,
elevated
more
pleurotergite
part of katapleurotergite
blackened;mesonotal
TRANS.

andvestiture
AMER.

relatively
ENT.

SOC,

conspicuous,
VOL.

97

longeston

scutellum.

Pleura404

ASIATICdorsalbrown,
lightnose

trochantersofbasitarsi
claws

brownisha narrow

subterminal

brownishof malebrown.

darkernarrowly
sternopleurite
knob dark brown.
Legsyellow,

apically;
indicationsofend

TIPULIDAE

with

coxae

yellow;
darkerbrown

femoraremainderofyellow,a smalland slender,
within the prearcularyellowed

with

stem

sparsely

prui
with

Halt?resdarkbrown,
brownishyellow,and proximal
tobrownishblack

tibiae

ring;
tarsi

subbasal
tooth.
Wings
and costal
thefields,light brown,a relatively
oval
and an areaat origin
of Rs
dark
brown;
stigmaabundant
marks
and beyond
beforelight yellow
pattern,includingorigina semicircularof Rs,
area
at nearbasal
backward
fromthird,
extendingvein M,
cells M, Cu and the Anals;
cord withsmall yellow
involving
beyondblack;

broad,
small

in basesspots
and R5; small

of

long
more

outer

radialclearlyin cell 1st A,

definedtwoMi,of five pale

one

areas

diffusecells

Abdomenchestnut
blackened,(fig.

hypopygium
ened
and

reflexed,
surfaceofventraltwo

spots

brown,

lateralintermediateofbordersmore

marginsposterior
the tergite,32) withespeciallythe plate;as comparedto the breadth,setae.
shortinconspicuousandsternitespalerbrown.

Male

borderposteriorlies
part which
erectbristles.
andposteriorcell Mitergites

producedend withdense

posteriorshort blackenedofpetiolebothcentraltheRi, Mi, Ms
Rs
longernarrowlyt, transverse,ofgroups
as figured,bothfoldedlongitudinallyin different
variable
Eighthpositions.

short
with

element;

perpendicularof Ms+i.

about
bein cells Rs
apical markin centersof cells Mi
throughin cell Cu; a comparable
group

lackingin cell 1st Mz,
cells
centering
involvingevenin the darkened
Venation:parts.

and Mk;veinsyellow,
as a shortthan m-cu;
R2 preserved
to m; m-cu
to fork
close
subequal

narrowlya V-shaped

andmarginal
in 2nd A,

theirsternite,border8s,

setae,

theincludingd,Dististyles,
outlines

shapedtoappearingtransverse,

nearlythickonrelatively

truncate,

fringed?
$ ,Bomdi La, Kameng, North East Frontier Agency,
Holotype.
8800
Assam,
feet, June 19, 1961 (Schmid).
for Rasmus Carl Staeger
Named
student of the(1800-1875),
Danish Diptera,the(1840).5
including
Tipulidae
Othersimilar membersof the subgenus having
thegenerallyassomewhatinthe present fly include Tipula{Sinowing pattern
T. {S.) thi
tipula) curtisiana n. sp., T. {S.) oenone Alexander,
betana de Meijere,
and a few other less similar species, all best
among themselves
distinguishedthe structure of the hypopygium.
TipulaBelongs(Tipulodina)
to

the

5
Nielsen,Peder,
3 figs.,1922.

zetterstedtiana

pedataVidensk.

group,
Medd.

of the wingby details

alliedpatternandn. sp.
to monozona;fra Dansk

naturh.

size
Foren.,

large
74:

(wing
203-205,

ofCHARLES

to 20 mm);brownishmalefemoraantennaeyellow,scape
tibiaelong,

relatively

black,

tips broadly
whitesubbasala broaddirty
the broad
pale brown,
includingof cell M
that does notincludepair with405

ALEXANDER

P.

and pedicel
light yellow;
brownishblack,
posterior

withwhitened,ring; wings
patterned
at midlength
cloud
wing
tip and a major
crestcell R; malewithdorsalhypopygium

of inner dististylebentvery high,rounded,backward,slightly
on nearly
the outer
half.
very sparse,
lacking
Male. ?
about
19-22 mm; wing
17-20 mm;
antennaLength

its vestiture
4.5-5.8

aboutmm.
Frontalhead
aboveorangeyellow,
sparselypruinose,nasus
terbrown,
light yellow,
long, orange;
palpi
minal
Antennae
incisureswithsegment
scape and pedicel
light orange,pale.
the microscopic
terminal
light yellow,
black,
segment
flagellum
yellowed;
their verticils,
basal
and
small.
Front
segments
exceedingenlargements
sides

of

prolongation
beneathinfuscated,

anterior
teriorvertexvertexlight

Pronotum

light

notal

praescutum

mediate

pair

brown

vitta;

onnarrowlywithfour
grayishyellowmore
thananterior
half

gray

mediotergite

grayishlarger more
gray,
on

pos

yellow,

dark

brown

medially.

light

brown

the
stripes,a capillary

by
two

Meso
inter
dark

yellow,each

separatedlobe withposteriorondarkerone

withcentralpart,parascutella
yellowed;disk darker,
withpleurotergite

and

sides

behind,gray,katapleurotergite
membrane.
Halt?resanapleurotergite
the dorsopleuraldarkerocciput

medially.

especiallyscutumyellow,

scutumtheareas,
grayscutellum
brownish

and

genae

orbits,yellow,

infuscated,thebrownishlargeborderdarker;the mesal

yellow.
stemwith

Pleurayellow,trochanters

yellow,knob

includingitsbrown,
femorayellow;

all coxae
andapex brownish
yellow.
Legs withbrownishfore and middle
tibiae and tarsi brownyellow,tips broadly
black,
ish black; posteriora broadtibiae brownish
black withsubbasal
dirty white
three to four times as extensive
as the darkened
claws
ofring, about
base;
male

the ground
with
with
simple.
Wings
whitened,patterned
pale brown,
the stigma
over anterior
and a confluent
cloud
cord darker
the palerbrown;
areasa majorbrown
includeat midlength
cloudof cell M,
the broadposterior cord and a large area in outerradial fieldthat includes
of cells
parts

R2, R3 and R5, in the two latter involving
cell R withindicationsof a paleslightthe whole
dark

veins

the
length,Abdominal
the

third

length;brown
latterouter
at neartergites
andmedialto brownish

three-fourths

obscuresucceedingveinsblack.

morethanthe outer

half

of

brown

central

cloud

over

virtually

seamedwithbrown;

very
narrowly
Rs
Venation:and m-cu

cell 2nd A narrow.
Ms+?,
on sides, more
infuscatedyellowa narrowformingbrownishblack.
uniformly

segments

stripe;Malecells;

insubequal

medially,
sternites

on
yel

outer
more
segments
hypopygium
the tergite,
border/, transverse,(fig. 33) withposteriorgentlyemarginate,
the outer
laterallobes
withcoarseabundantnoblack
blackened,
setae;
medianarea as in monozona.
Outershield-shapedd, very broad,
dististyle,in color and limits difficult
to determine
apex rounded,in slide mounts;
pale
lowed;

TRANS.

AMER.

ENT.

SOC,

VOL.

97

406

ASIATIC

inner
outline,ture ofbeakstyle withrelatively
bent
backwardslightly
crest

very

sparse,TIPULIDAE

lackingon

crest

dorsalsmall;
insteadofnearlyroundedinvery high,as in monozona;
vesti

forward,the outer

setae

half,

small,

pale,of posterior
lower
beak
truncate;
very
laterad;low, apex
regiona stout curved
outer
basal
lobe a long slenderlobe, the apex pointed;
rod that narrows
into a long black
long yellow
spine, with
graduallynear base,crest.
the row continued
face of rod as a dense
alongdirected
crest
pale
setae

In monozona
numerous

(fig.

long

yellow

the dorsal
34)
setae over
the

crest

of

entire

outer

the

inner

d,

dististyle,has

two-thirds.

?
North East Frontier$ , Nyukmadong,
Holotype.
Kameng,6600 feet, April
Paratype,
18, 1961 (Schmid).
Agency, Assam,
6500 feet, June 8, 1961, (Schmid).
$ ,Domkho,
Kameng,to Johann Wilhelm
Zetterstedt
The species is dedicated
(1785
His
of
of
Scandinavia.
studentthe1874),
D?pteraoutstanding
mostimportant works were the Insecta
and Diptera
14 volumes
Scandinaviae;
not 6609, as sometimes recorded.

Lapponica(1838-1840)
pp. 5709,(1842-1860),

mono
The most similar regional species is Tipula (Tipulodina)zona Edwards,
known
from
Sikkimandthe
Naga Hills,
presently
Assam.
This agrees with the present fly in the restricted whiteof the wings
in the coloration
andpattern of the legs, differing
mate
In
in
structure
of
the
the
(fig. 34).
especiallyhypopygium
area in cell M of therials of monozona
before me the darkened
extends also into cell R, broadly reaching vein R, while
brown
paler
stigma is shorter and broader than in the present

wings(Vestiplex)

TipulaMesonotalpairdarker;brown,

tips

darkened,

obscureyellowwithrelatively
subterminal

long,

flagellar

brightening
withbrown,
inconspicuously
patterned
outerabdomenfulvousareas;
orange,

pale

four

Male.

beak
?

long
Lengthbrown

indicated;barelybrown
darker
and

and

only

slightlywithslender,spines;base;
without

narrow,
slender;aedeagusabout
17-18 mm;
18-20
wing

mm;

the

stripes,lateralfemorabicolored;

segments

segments
withdorsallobes
relatively
tergalhypopygium
two unequal
lobes
with
ventralsmall;
basistylea straighta dilatedsternite
slenderrod from
lower

fly.

n. sp.

hugueniniana

praescutum
antennae

the

wings

very

pale

yellowmale
darker;short
setae,of ninth
appendage
inner
with
dististyle
lateralshoulders.
antenna

about

4.7-5

mm.
of headfulvous,prolongation
the long nasus,
withincludingdorsally
to palebrownishincisures
yellowyellow,
Frontalbrown.

Antennae

relatively

long;proximalnarrowly
longyellowmore

yellowed

setae;

palpi

above,
obscureterminaldark
segment
yellowed,
three segments
succeedyellow,

CHARLES

verticils
longesta capillarywithsetae.
darkened
Pronotalscutumobscureobscurebrown,
especiallyareas
the lateral
stripe,eachlobe withyellow,on

ously
brown;and M,

slender,

with

three

pale

brown

four

brown

Halt?res

stem

with
Legs

into brown,cell

1st M2

onevidently
outersegments
only
sal lobes of tergite,longyellow,yel
andvaguely

femorayellow;a very vague

tip, precededbyand tarsi brownish

black;

brown,

claws

inconspicu
dark
stigmaareas,
a postarcularin basesof cells R
spot
anterior
distalends of outerradialcord,

includeat bothpointedsegments
sides withpostnotum

yellow,

obscurescutum

gray;

by
and

pair
brown

membranedorsopleuralof knob yellowed,base of

toothed.

withpatterned
the darker markings

Abdominal

borderedwith

Mesonotalintermediate
stripes,darkerby a capillaryring; tibiae
withvery palegroundWings
darkerbrown
and paleyellowyellowed

areas.

apex
and trochantersatdarkestat originof Rs,
othersvein Cu near outerendcells, and along
lowed
in the brightened
fields.
Venation:

m-cu;

and

coxae

with

vertexposteriorthePleuraand mediotergite.
ventralsternopleurite,

black.

yellowbasally,
passingto scarcely
evident moreofscutellummarkings;
centralvestiture
vitta;

brown
brown

on

darkerslightly more
buffy.
the latter brownish

of maletwo

pale
scutellum

with

sides

anteriorly,
separateddarkerbrown,
narrowly

a narrowconspicuous

line,

centralyellow,withyellowpaler

patternedobremainderbrownishblack,
to the minuteterminal
segment;
vertexHeadsegments.
buffy yellow,

theslightly
exceedingbrownishblack

praescutum

with

407

ALEXANDER

basal
bicolored,
enlargements
naturethe bicoloredpersistinging Segments
scure yellow,

low

P.

fulvousends;
orange,brownishslightly

darker.

more
yel
than
longerm-cu
beforefork of Afa+4.
shortlyandlesstergites
striped mediallyveinscell M;brown,
Rs morethan one-half

of

more
sternites
black;
Male
hypopygiumt, relatively
narrow,
separated,widelyventrallobes
directedsmall,
mesad,
apical;relatively
blackened
and microscopicallyb, withcorrugated.
Basistyle,setaeorange,dor35) withthe veryshortuniformly
(fig.

apex
two

heavilyunequalthe outerinner spine
Ninth
very
small,
spines,slender,sternite,tip black.
a long slender
the extreme
9s, with
appendagerod, only
straight
tip curved
lateradinto a shortbaseof rod withscat
spine,
strongly
dilated,margintered verysetae almost
the length.
Outerlong yellow
throughout
dististyle,as long as the inner
with
black
d, elongate,nearlysetae;
style,
yellowed,
beak a large plate,to the subacutenarrowedstyle withtip, lower beakand slender;
crest withdorsalthose near baseandsetae,
long coarse
the coarse
intermediate
seriesdarkened.
a, narrow,
tip yellow,
Aedeagus,
without
lateralshoulders.
inner

long

?

5000
Sikkim,feet, May
11,
Nanga,$ ,Duldhar, Pauri Garhwal, Kumaon,(Schmid).
Paratype,
feet, June 2, 1958 (Schmid).
Holotype.

The

species

TRANS.

AMER.

$,

is namedfor Gustav

ENT.

VOL.

SOC,

97

Huguenin(1840-1920),

1959
4500
Swiss

408

ASIATICTIPULIDAE

to the taxonomy
whose most important contribution
entomologist,
crane flies was the family Tipulidae
in his Faunaof the European
1880.
insectorum helve?iae, Dipiera,
pp. 1-73, 34 figs, (venation),
most
like
The regional species that have the male hypopygiumthat of the present fly are Tipula (Vestiplex)
gandharva Alexander?u?aAlexander.
The former has the tergal lobes anda single
of
the
ninth
sterniteconstructed,
differently
appendage
stout spine on basistyle,The
and with the aedeagus very slender.
of Vestiplex
inlatter species differs from other regional members
the almost unpatterned wings and from the present fly also in the
and T.

(V.)

and in the dewith uniformly darkened flagellum,ofdorsalthelobes
tails of the hypopygium,
tergite, single
including
structure of the inner dististyle, and append
spine of the basistyle,structure has the
The last mentioned
age of the eighth sternite.
asin the present fly but the setiferous accessory
base dilated much
lobe is much smaller, with unusuallysparse setae.
short antennae

Size

above

mediumyellowwithgrayishlong,proximal

pale
fifth

three

mesonotal
about
17 mm);
praescutum(wing of maleantennaeof malefour
relatively
light brown
stripes;
black withfemorabrownishsegments
light yellow;

subterminal

conspicuous
brown,

ring; wings
paleyellow,yellowfour
withabdomenproximalinconspicuous;
six to ninebicolored,

n. sp.

walkeriana(Vestiplex)

Tipulawithblack; malehypopygium
ventralarmature
much

the

dark

a

patternorange,segments
dorsallobes
tergaltoothed;larger,appenda single blackened
withbasistyleoutwardly;
with
beak
broad,
slender;aedeagus
relatively

slender,blackened,heavily
not dilated
sterniteage of ninth

inner dististylelobe;
lateralshoulders.
?
about
13-14 mm;
Lengthobtusewithout
Male.

wing

16-17.5

antenna

mm;

about

4.5-5

mm.
of

Frontalmore

prolongation
on sidesinfuscatedish black,
ments

the

light

enlargement
ments.
Headextremeabove

Mesonotallightbeneath;tip dull orange.

succeeding
yellow,brownishblack,

vertex withgenae;
scutumPronotal
yellowed.

head

and

segments
pedicels

pollinose,a capillary
darkyellowgrayishyellow,yellow

the nasus,
above,
includingbrown
terminal
segment

palpi brown,
Antennae

withthree seg
proximalthe small basal
bicolored,vaguely
than the seg
verticils
shorterbrown;

patterned
vaguelybrown
centralline.
vaguelypatterned

praescutumgrayishyellowbehindthe foveae
restrictedly

lateral borders
stripes,
two solidly
brown
lobe withscutellum
eachareas;a capillarybrowncentralgray, withline;
yellowish

with
with

with

brown

darker,onthescutellum

four

brown
light
scutumgray,
darkened;more
and mediotergite
pleurotergite

brownishCHARLES

thegray
above,
lowed ventrally,
dorsopleuralknob brownish

apex

obscureregionfemorayellow;

lower

yellow.

yellowed.

Pleurasternopleurite,
Halt?res
with

meron

apex obscureyellow.
to brownish
brown

black,
dark
brownishbroadly
tibiaemore

katapleurotergite
theincluding

black,409

ALEXANDER

P.

Legs

by
precededclaws
of malegray, moreyel
and metapleura;base ofyellowed,coxae
and trochanters

stem

with

base
black,
narrowly
yellowed,a conspicuous
subequal
yellowawithsmall,
nearlysimple,andtarsi black;ring;
near base.
withthe groundprearcu
Wings
point
microscopic
pale yellow,
but inconspicuously
lar and costal
disk extensively
fieldsclear yellow;patterned withto thein amountbasad
of cordthis subequalbrown,
pale

the broadends
of outer
apex;
proximalacrossobliterative
band
cell 1st A4*
yellow,in the brightenedVenafields.
brown, moreyellowed
than twice m-cu.

cordground,beyondincludingradialcells patterned
with
pale
more

veins
whitened;
Rs slightly
less
with
Abdomenproximal

tion:

by

at

brown

and

apex

small hypopygium.

four
sublaterally,near

tivelysparse,its basebeneathnowithAppendageofoutwardly,

tip(fig. 36) with the tergite, /, polishedMale hypopygium

dorsallobes
black,
slender,moreture much
extensive,
spine

fifth
orange,orange,segments
variegated
outer
the
segments
black,
includingdivergent,
includingthe dorsal

concentration

ninth

sternite,similarsetae.

tips

9s,

a

of
beyondnarrowlylowerlarger
lobe;
setae

arma
ventralobtuse;an acute
lobe bearing
vestiture
short and relatergalat the midline

base

parallel-sided,asin acutergata.
notexpanded
with
setae
to
almostobtuse;long yellow
oblique,margina single
blackenedapex.
b, withlobe, broad,
Basistyle,heavily
marginal
rounded.
Outer
apex obtuselyd, relatively
long dark
dististyle,long, with
inner style withbeaklower beak not produced;
crest
dorsalsetae;
slender,
numerouswithof outerlobe
basal
elevated,setae;
providedlongregionrounded,shoulders.

with

Aedeagus,a,relatively

broad,

without

lateral?
$ , Tungnath, Pauri Garhwal, Kumaon,
9000 feet,
Holotype.
June 1, 1958 (Schmid).
with
?
the
,
Allotopotype,
type. Para
.
two
$
$
topotypes,
for Francis Walker
is named
The species
the(1809-1874),
most prolific describer of new species of insects, including many
Oriental

Tipulidae.
Other species of the subgenus with the male hypopygiumsomewhat as in the present fly, that is, with the dorsal tergal lobes
narrow and the ventral tergal armatureinclude Tipula
toothed,T. (V.) eurydice Alexander,
acutergata Alexander,(Vestiplex)
T. (V.)and more distantly T. (V.)
inaequidentata
Alexander,
all differing among themselvesin the details
gandharva Alexander,of hypopygial
the tergite, appendage
structure, including especially
TRANS.

AMER.

ENT.

SOC,

VOL.

97

410

ASIATIC TIPULIDAE

Text-figs.

30-36. ?

hypopygium;

Fig.

Fig.

pygium;33,

Fig.

Tipula

32,

Fig.
31,

30, Tipula

Tipulaschrankiana(Schummelia)
n. sp.,
curtisiana(Sinotipula)staegeriana(Sinotipula)n.
zetterstedtiana(Tipulodina)
Tipulahyposp., malehypopygium;sp., maleFig.
hypopygium;
male
35,
Fig.
hypopygium;n.

monozona
Edwards,(Tipulodina)n. sp., malehugueniniana(Vestiplex)
hypopygium;Fig.
n. sp., malewalkeriana(Vestiplex)
hypopygium.
a, aedeagus;b, basistyle;d, dististyle;p, phallosome;
Symbols:

34,

Tipulan. sp., male
male

Tipula36,

Tipulas, sternite;/, tergite.

of the ninth sternite,
the phallosome.

armatureof the basistyle,and the structureofCHARLES

TipulaGeneralcoloration

terminalofof palpus
obscurewings

light brown;
andarcularcostalabdominal

tergites?

Female.
Frontaln.

sp.

dorsumthoracicsegment

411

ALEXANDER

strobliana

incertis)(SubgenusP.

light brown,
obscureyellow,light yellow;
pleuraouter
tarsal segments
legs
the prethe anterior
includingborder,yellow,
mostof cell R and the outercells brown;radialshort;

fields,brownish

Lengthabout

prolongationofdarkerlaterally.
14 mm;
antenna
wing
on
above
darkeryellow,yellow,
14 mm;
head

3 mm.

about
lower

nasus
half,
to
in length

terminal
stout; palpi
brown,
short,
yellowish
segment
subequal
the penultimate.
Antennaewithfive segmentsintermedi
proximalyellow,
ate segments
withthe scarcely
basal
bicolored,yellow,
weaklydevelopedouterenlargement
darker,segments
slightly
in femaleverticilsless thanlong,slightlyvertexyellow,
tubercledarkalmostscutumslightlyscutellum

Frontvery narrowly
area more

infuscated;obscuregray;verticalanddepressedon sides.
to yellow
Mesonotal
light brown,
palingprae
the stripes
light brown,
uniformly
differentiated;scarcelydarkereach
two vaguely
morelobe withbrown,
yellowed
and mediotergite
setae
and
small
light brown;
praescutalsparse,thoseoftergitedarker.

almostuniformly
allwithtibiaeLegs
obscure

(fig.

12)

brown,of cells

uniformly

segments.

scutumscutumareas;

the posterior
orbitsthe medianorange,brown,
dull

tumid,
large,
darkened.

slightly
Pronotalmore
theand mediotergite
Pleuraand katapleuro
longer.
stem light brown,
with
Halt?resknob
light yellow.
coxae
and trochanters
clear
and
femoralight yellow;
tarsi yellowed
into light brown.
basally,
passing
Wings

scutellum

yellow;
the groundobscureyellow,
the prearcularand costal
includingwithR2yellowed;

and R3; cell R slightly
paler
narrow
seams
over
brown

very
more

spicuous
outer medial

areas
yelloweda restricted
field;

veins

darkerbrown,
slightly
and medial
fields withthan m-cu;

cell Mi

three-fourths

M3+i.

Abdominal

trichia,slightlylow,chieflytergites
concealedlightyellow;

cerci

beforebrown,
the cord,

stigmafourthconspicuously
alland virtuallystigma,its posteriormoreborderandnarrowercord,

on m-cu;
con
the
also
includingin baseof cell R$;

yellow
post-stigmal
spot
in the patternedareas.
Veins

on Ri+Z and Mk.
lacking
more
on proximal
wideneddarkbrownishbythestraight,

anterior
fields,yellow,

darkeroverlapping
tergites.
rounded.
obtusely?

in outerradialRs

longerat near

Venation:
half;

m-cu

laterally,sternites

Ovipositor

with

yel
valves$ ,Amatulla, Kameng, North East Frontier Agency,
Holoiype.
1800 feet, May 24, 1961 (Schmid).
to P. Gabriel Strobl (1846-1925),
who
species is dedicateddescribed many European Diptera,
including Tipulidae.
In its general appearance
the present fly is quite different from

Assam,The

TRANS.

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412

ASIATICany of the known regional
general features to Tipula

TIPULIDAE

species, being most similar in size andof{Sinotipula)pullimargo Alexander,
has the darkened wing pattern restricted

northeastern Burma, whichto cells C, Sc, and the stigma.
This latter species is assigned to
struc
the subgenus Sinotipula Alexanderchiefly on the hypopygialture, especially the dististyles, but is quite different in other respects
from the other membersof the subgenus.
Further knowledgeofboth of these species should confirm their subgeneric position.
For
to leave the present fly unassigned
the present it seems advisable
to any particular subgenus.
The nature of the wing pattern is sugof the Neotropicalgestive of that of various members
subgenus
Microtipula

Alexander.