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＜第１１回知的財産翻訳検定試験【第５回英文和訳】＞ ★★★

≪１級課題 -機械工学-≫【解答にあたっての注意】
１．＊＊＊START＊＊＊から＊＊＊END＊＊＊までを和訳してください。
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------〔問１〕次のクレーム（claims）を日本語に翻訳してください。なお、翻訳にあたってはクレームの後ろの明細書の記載（抜粋）および図面を参考にしてください。
＊＊＊START＊＊＊
1. An illuminator comprising at least one flat optical fiber having opposite flat
surfaces, opposite side surfaces, and two ends,
wherein the fiber has a cladded light conducting core for conducting lightentering an end of the fiber by internal reflection, and a pattern of U shaped
notches or grooves provided in at least one side of the fiber along at least a
portion of the length of the fiber to cause conducted light to be emitted from thefiber.
2. An illuminator comprising a light guide having at least one light receivingedge for receiving light from a light source for transmission through the lightguide by internal reflection, some of a surface of the light guide being coatedwith a masking material, and a pattern of shallow U shapes notches or grooves thatare laser cut in unmasked areas of the surface for causing at least some of thetransmitted light to be reflected or refracted out of the light guide.
＊＊＊END＊＊＊《参考》明細書の記載（抜粋）FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to transparent light emitting members that havespecially shaped notches or grooves in one or more surfaces to create a selectedlight output distribution from such members.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It is well known that light transparent members including for example
rods, panels, films, sheets and plates, can be made into light emitting members orilluminators by notching the members in a certain pattern. However, such notches
are typically relatively sharp grooves, which do not scatter light very finely.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The light emitting member may also comprise one or more optical fibers.
The optical fibers may be flat. Fig. 1 is an enlarged schematic perspective viewof such a flat optical fiber that may be used to make the light emitting
members/illuminators of the present invention. This flat fiber has opposite flatsides 29 and 30, opposite side edges 31 and 32, ends 33 and 34, and a lighttransmitting core portion 35 made of a suitable optically transparent material
such as glass or plastic having the desired optical characteristics andflexibility.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged schematic perspective view showing a laser being
used to cut different patterns of U or C shaped notches or grooves in one side ofa light emitting member. A portion of the surface of the light guide may also becoated with a masking material 55, and a pattern of shallow U shaped notches orgrooves 3 may be laser cut in the unmasked areas 56 of the surface as shown in
Fig. 2.

【１級／機械工学問1図面】

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

〔問２〕次の米国特許明細書中の背景技術にかかわる記載内容について翻訳しなさい。
＊＊＊START＊＊＊[0002] In sharp contrast to auto racing transmissions, input planetary gears usedin the wind turbine power generating industry operate under significantly
different conditions, where the gears experience very high, varying loads at low
pitch line velocities such that boundary lubrication is predicted rather thanhydrodynamic (or even elastohydrodynamic) lubrication, which is desirable.
Boundary lubrication occurs when the mating gear teeth during operation are wettedwith fluid but the lubricant film thickness is less than the combined mating
surface roughness. Thus, the lubricant film can be penetrated by peak asperities,
and metal-to-metal contact generates metal debris from the gear teeth,
contributing to gearbox failure. Traditionally manufactured ground wind turbinegear teeth are hoped to achieve a surface finish of Ra = 0.5 - 0.7 micron.
However, those practiced in the art recognize that a traditionally manufactured
annular gearwheel will have a much higher surface finish.
[0003] In contrast, chemically accelerated vibratory superfinishing to acondition of Ra < 0.3 micron was thought to be too smooth for large wind turbine
generators in that the teeth flanks would have insufficient lubricant retention
for operation and tooth failure was predicted. Thus, it was questionable whether
or not superfinishing using chemically accelerated vibratory finishing of theinput planetary stage would add any performance value to the gear box. Only
lengthy and costly field testing could provide the answer.
＊＊＊END＊＊＊〔問３〕次の米国特許明細書中の実施例にかかわる記載内容について翻訳しなさい。翻訳にあたっては図面を参考にしてください。
＊＊＊START＊＊＊[0004] Referring to FIG. 1 there is shown a double hollow universal joint 8
having two hollow universal joints 10. The double universal joints 10 interconnect
a first member 12, a second member 14 and a third member 24. It should beunderstood that the double hollow universal joint 8 shown in these Figures has
specific application with respect to use in a pig train for pipeline inspection
devices. Accordingly, the first member 12 and the third member 24 are shown as
blocks having fastening bolts 15 and a hollow central bore 17 that is adapted tobe attached to a pig device of a pig train. While the illustrations relate to thisapplication, it should be understood that the first member 12 and the third member
24 may comprise alternative structures. Further, second member 14 is shown in thedrawings as a hollow tubular structure. It should be understood that thisintermediate structure in the double hollow joint 8 may vary in length and actually
be as short as or close to approximating that shape of a ring. Accordingly, thefirst member 12, the second member 14 and the third member 24 may comprise othershapes such as ring shapes or shaft like members for example. Hence, the double
universal joint 8 as shown in FIG. 1 may have other applications than that which
is described herein, and each of the universal joints 10 may be utilized on its
own as a single hollow universal joint for alternative applications.
＊＊＊END＊＊＊【１級／機械工学問３図面】