5. Supporting on the HFA Implementation in Asian Region

5-2. Dissemination of Earthquake Risk Reduction andRecovery Preparedness Model Programme
5-2-1. Background
Asian Region is the most disaster prone regions in the world. Many countries in the region areaffected by natural disasters like Earthquake, Flood. Landslides, Mudslides, Tsunami and Drought indifferent scales. The devastating affect of these disasters hindered overall development effort ofcountries in the region. Governments and populations need to be aware of the risks and take concrete
actions to prepare for and militate against the natural disasters affecting their areas. Therefore greaterattention by governments, bilateral and multi-lateral donor communities and other stakeholders should
be focused on identifying and reducing disaster risks within local communities.
Taking into account the negative impact of the natural hazards and disaster in the sub regional
development in South Asian, which was seriously damaged by recent Earthquake (Pakistan etc.) and theIndian Ocean Tsunami, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) has developed
risk reduction strategies based on the recommendations of the HFA. In the 13th SAARC summit,
leaders of the region recognize that cooperation among the region for effective disaster preparedness isessential. Japan, being the observer member of the SAARC acknowledges the idea of SAARC andshare same perception based on their working experience in the region. The commitment of Japanese
government to support SAARC initiatives, particularly on disaster risk reduction and preparedness wasre-affirmed in the Japan-SAARC symposium held in Dhaka, Bangladesh on July 31, 2006.
In this context, the IRP Secretariat developed a model programme to reduce Earthquake Risk andmake appropriate preparation for recovery against future large earthquakes.
This programme has been submitted to the UNDP/BCPR and authorized as an UNDP Projectsponsored by the Government of Japan as the first grand aid project by the government of Japan making
effective cooperation of UN agencies.

5-2-2. Problem-statement
The recent incidents of earthquake in Pakistan and India were the wake-up call for the disasterstakeholders of the region for a well coordinated Earthquake risk reduction initiatives for the region.
Lack of awareness and poor capacities of the national governments and communities resulted hugedamages to these countries. Most of the public buildings (schools, hospitals, community centres, etc..)
and private houses in these countries are highly vulnerable to earthquake i which caused significant
number of death of schools children and other vulnerable population during last earthquakes. Despitedevastating affect of earthquakes in South Asia, limited efforts were undertaken for earthquake
preparedness and mitigation to reduce the risk of future disasters. Besides, most of the post disasterrecovery initiatives are re-building risks due to inappropriate recovery planning andprogrammes. Findings from various evaluations ii on earthquake recovery programs re-iterate theseobservations. There are significant knowledge and policy gaps among recovery stakeholders in theregion on enhanced recovery operation.
(1) Despite many initiatives, Institutional capacity building (knowledge, facilities, basicequipment) issues are poorly focused at the national and local level.
(2) Most of the countries in the region have developed strategies to strengthen the disastermanagement capacity. These plans are mostly addressed to preparedness and emergency
response. Poor focus on post disaster recovery issues.
(3) Lack of appropriate disaster specific guidelines for disaster preparedness and mitigation(4) Lack of appropriate construction guidelines and supervision by the competent authorities(Municipalities and Ministry of Urban Development and Housing, etc...)(5) Various post disaster recovery programs, implementing by the government and NGOs are notfocusing risk reduction issues which lead to rebuilding of risks for the communities.
(6) There is no systematic thought and practice to link post disaster recovery into the disastermanagement cycle. Post disaster recovery seen as an isolated issue undertaken “as and whenrequired” basis.

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5. Supporting on the HFA Implementation in Asian Region

Rapid urbanization and expansion of settlements need appropriate Risk Reduction measures

5-2-3. Purpose of the Programme
The recent incidents of earthquake in Pakistan and India were the wake-up call for the disasterstakeholders of the region for a well coordinated Earthquake risk reduction initiatives for the region.
Lack of awareness and poor capacities of the national governments and communities resulted huge(1) General approach
The project will address earthquake risk reduction and post earthquake recovery preparedness
issues in the high risk countries of region. The project seeks to strengthen the capacity of thegovernment institutions and local community on earthquake risk management based on appropriate
preparedness, mitigation and post disaster recovery (Build Back Better approach) practice. The
project design will adapt TDRM approach promoted by Asian Disaster Reduction Centre to address
disaster risk management cycle (Fig 5-2-3-1). Project participants will gain experience on theplanning and implementation of Earthquake risk reduction strategies based on locally and community
defined needs, constraints and proposed solutions. Project will address regional cooperation andcoordination through sharing of experience, lessons on bestpracticesamongthemanagement
region.
Fig.5-2-3
DisasterRisk
Cycle(2) Goal of the Programme
To contribute to the process of establishing an earthquake safer community within the country andin the region.

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5. Supporting on the HFA Implementation in Asian Region(3) Purpose of the Programme
To strengthen the institutional and community capacity to plan and implement earthquake risk
reduction strategies integrating disaster preparedness, mitigation and post disaster recovery forcountries exposed to earthquake hazards following regional approach.

5-2-4 Description of Outputs and Activities
The project seeks to support an effective earthquake risk reduction and recovery initiatives, throughthe following expected core outputs:(1) OUTPUT 1: To support Government and communities of thetargeted countries identifying earthquake risks andvulnerability
byconducting
Earthquake
RisksandVulnerability Assessment
1) Earthquake hazard mapping in projects areas using national and international assessment method.
2) Assess seismic risks and vulnerability of the public constructions (schools, hospitals, etc..) andprivate housings jointly by local and Japanese technical experts.
3) Review the impact of settlement pattern, and land use practice and options in high risk areas.
4) Review the existing governmental and municipal policies on earthquake preparedness, response
and post disaster recovery.
5) Review livelihood and socioeconomic condition in relation to earthquake hazards(2) Output 2 : To support the capacity development of government
Institutions and communities living in high risk to adapt
and implement earthquake preparedness planning and safe
housing practice using appropriate earthquake resistantconstruction guideline
1) Develop / modify appropriate guidelines for earthquake-resistant building design in collaboration
with national, regional and international institutions. Guidelines will elaborate comparatively easyto -adapt and low cost re-enforcement measures for the local builders. It will take in toconsiderations the country context (culture, topography, use of local materials, etc.) along with
regional experiences (best practices).
2) Develop seismic vulnerability evaluation guidelines and tools for private and public buildings (forpre disaster vulnerability and post disaster damage assessment).
3) Delivery of awareness and skill training to construction professionals (government engineers, nongovernment specialist, local masons, etc.) on building vulnerability assessment and earthquake
safe construction practice using guidelines and shake table demonstration;4) Public Education and Awareness (PEA) on earthquake preparedness and safe house construction to
the local communities living in high risk areas including school demonstration, exercise, etc..
5) Implement local level earthquake safe model projects that would be identified using seismic
vulnerability and capacity assessment tools and participatory planning process. These projects will
follow the earthquake resistant construction guidelines for the implementation. These activities will
facilitate the practical demonstration of the field testing guidelines and tools for the government
official, local engineers and masons. Examples of model projects include;• Provide seismological equipment to measure and monitor earthquake intensity to countries asneeded to support capacity building• Seismic safe construction/retrofitting of selected public buildings (e.g. schools, hospitals,Community/emergency shelters, etc..) on the high risk areas which do not meet seismic resistant
standard

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5. Supporting on the HFA Implementation in Asian Region(3) Output 3: To strengthen the capacity of the Government indisaster recovery preparedness support to ensure enhanced
recovery operation in post disaster situation.
Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) recommended systematic incorporation of disaster risk
reduction in disaster management cycle where post disaster recovery acknowledged as an integral
part. It was emphasized that the enhanced post disaster recovery management help to build safer andbetter prepared communities for futures disasters. Project will initiate awareness raising program fornational disaster practitioners on post disaster recovery issues by lessons learned exercise
highlighting the regional good and bad practices. Project will use Recovery Information Kit“Learning from Disaster Recovery”, produced by International Recovery Platform (IRP) for theawareness raising and policy advocacy for the national and local disaster managers involved in postdisaster recovery. Key activities under this component are:1) Conduct lessons learned exercise on past disasters recovery in high risk countries of the region2) Development and incorporation of recovery principles and guidelines into National Disaster
Management Plan
Lessons leaned workshop, seminars and planning exercise will help to build a platform for disasterrecovery managers to review the regional and country specific experiences, policies and practices
which would lead to modification/incorporation of policies and principles in to the National Disaster
Management Plan.

(4)

Output 4: To support locally appropriate solutions forearthquake risk reduction proposed by individual countries.

Programme will support country specific activities that are proposed by countries to address
earthquake riskreduction issues. These activities may also compliment existing disaster initiatives of
the country and could support national disaster management plan of these countries. Country specificproposals would identify specific solutions for earthquake risk reduction that will be validated during
country level inception workshop for the project. Examples of country specific solutions are:1) Guidelines for earthquake preparedness and mitigation for training/awareness and local planning2) Establish emergency operations centre (EOC) to support emergency communication, preparedness
and awareness for earthquake disaster3) Establish municipal Disaster Management Authority support disaster preparedness, mitigation andrecovery support.
4) Develop comprehensive catalogue/data set of all recorded historical earthquakes in countries andregion5) Establish a modern seismic monitoring network with Seismic Equipment that could accurately andquickly provide critical information about future earthquakes.

(5) Output 5: Facilitate sharing and exchange of national andregional information, lessons and best practice for Policy
Feedback and advocacyProgramme will facilitate regional and national level sharing of lessons, practice and experience onearthquake risk reduction and recovery sharing of experience. It would facilitate countries inincorporating regional and national good practice, lesson to optimize the benefit of the project.
Project will establish a regional and national network using the resources of SAARC regional centers(SMRC, SCDM,), NGOs, regional professional organizations, experts in the areas of earthquake risk
management for effective sharing of experience, etc. and facilitating technical assistance for theprojects. Major activities include;
1) Convene workshops and seminars on project activities would raise awareness amongst policymakers and key development stakeholders to influence development planning at the national andregional level.

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5. Supporting on the HFA Implementation in Asian Region2) Lessons learned from these proposed interventions will be documented to identify models andexperiences that can be replicated in other areas.
3) Field visits and exchanges between national and local officials and international institutions will
promote the development of mechanisms for two-way flow of information and feedback.

(6) Address of cross cutting issues:
1) Gender issues
Every phase of the project will address gender issues to ensure the need of women will be met aswell as men’s. All training curricula will be designed to take account of gender differences. Special
focus will be made to identify women participants for training as well as women trainers in a
proportion of around 50%. It has been notice that regarding disaster mitigation issues, tie concernsof women were different then those of the men and since their role in the process is quite different,
it is sometimes difficult to involve women in some activities, For that, reason, the project will be
proactive at identifying capacity development activities that will reach the interest of both genders.
2) Environment :Project will ensure environmental considerations at the every stage of the project implementation.
Environmental impact assessment will be done following UN standard EIA process before
implementation of structural projects to avoid environmental hazards at the project sites. Projectmonitoring and reporting system will incorporate environmental monitoring indicators. Project willbuild the capacity of the local level implementing agencies and officials by providing EIA training.

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5. Supporting on the HFA Implementation in Asian Region

5-2-5 Project implementation Strategy
Following diagram explains project implementation strategy by components and horizontal and vertical linkage of the activities under each component ofthe project
Earthquake Risk Reductionand Recovery

Structural measures

Retrofitting of publicbuilding (schools,hospitals) using EQ
resistant guideline & tools

Retrofitting of Privatehouses using EQ resistantguideline & tools

Earthquake Risk andVulnerability Assessment

1. EQ resistant building guide2. Seismic Risk Assess. tools

Training of Trainers on EQ
resistant building guidelines

Training to Local Engineers& Masons in the project
areas
Provide Seismologicalequipment to monitor EQ

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Non-structural measures

Develop Preparedness &mitigation trg. Guide

Post disaster recovery

Training of Trainers fornational DM Managers

PEA through lesson
learned exercise

Preparedness Training for
local managers

Identification andadvocacy of Recovery
policies & principle

Community based PEA on EQ
Preparedness

Incorporation of recovery
principles in the National
Disaster Management