★★★ ２００９年度第９回知的財産翻訳検定＜第４回英文和訳＞ ★★★
≪１級 -機械工学-≫【解答にあたっての注意】
１．＊＊＊START＊＊＊から＊＊＊END＊＊＊ までを和訳してください。
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★「課題図表の表示／非表示」リンクで表示----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[問１]次のクレーム（claims）を日本語に翻訳して下さい。なお、翻訳にあたってはクレームの後ろの明細書の記載（抜粋）および図面を参考にしてください。
＊＊＊START＊＊＊Claims
1.
An impeller comprising:a central disk portion having a center axis;
at least two extensions extending at an angle from the central disk portion;andat least two leading edges defined by an outer periphery of the central diskportion, each leading edge spanning from one extension to an adjacent extension, andeach leading edge having at least a portion at which a radius of the leading edge fromthe center axis increases to form a continuous increasing radius curve.
2.
The impeller according to claim 1, further comprising a hub mounted to thecentral disk portion to facilitate mounting of the impeller onto a shaft.
3.
The impeller according to claim 1, wherein each entire leading edge has aradius that increases from the beginning of the leading edge to the end of the leadingedge to form a continuously increasing radius curve along the entire leading edge.
＊＊＊END＊＊＊【参考】明細書の記載（抜粋）FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to mixing impellers which are submerged in or at least
partially in liquid material and rotated by a motor-driven shaft.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Examples of industrial mixing impellers include designs which have a central
hub and two or more radially extending blade type structures. These blades may be flat,
angled, and in some cases have a wing or propeller shape. Typically, the impellers
extend radially outwardly from a motor driven shaft and are submerged inside amaterial to be mixed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION
FIG. 1 illustrates an impeller 10 which can be mounted to a shaft 12 via amounting hub 14. The shaft 12 is illustrated as cut off, but typically would extend all
the way through the hub 14 or the hub 14 can be mounted at the end of the shaft 12.
Thus, several impellers 10 can be mounted along the length of a shaft. Typically, theshaft 12 extends inside a vessel (not shown) containing the material to be mixed, and isdriven by a motor outside the vessel.
Turning now in more detail to FIGS. 1-3, the illustrated impeller 10 includes acentral disk portion 24 which is substantially in the shape of a flat plate. One or more(in this case three) downwardly bent extensions 26 are provided and angle away fromthe disk portion 24 as shown. In the illustrated example, the extensions 26 project awayfrom the plane of the central disk portion 24 by a band angle X.

[問２]次の背景技術の記載を日本語に翻訳してください。段落 0003〜0004 を参考に、＊＊＊START＊＊＊から＊＊＊END＊＊＊までを翻訳してください。
[0003]When a flexible pipe, whatever its nature, is subjected to an external pressure
higher than the internal pressure, an axial compression, known as the inverse end effect,is produced. The inverse end effect has a tendency to produce a longitudinal
compressive force in the armors and to shorten the length of the flexible pipe. In
addition, the flexible pipe is also subjected to dynamic stresses, especially during
installation or in service in the case of risers. All of these stresses may result in damageof one or more armor plies and thus eventually degradation of the flexible pipe. An
armor ply is considered to be damaged when certain wires are broken and/or haveundergone substantial permanent (plastic) deformation and/or are overlapped.
[0004]A first cause of damage of the armors is an excessive stress state resulting fromexcessively large forces and/or deformations resulting in the rupture and/or plastic
deformation of the wires. This mode of degradation may occur in the event of an inverse
end effect, but also in other situations.
＊＊＊START＊＊＊[0005]A second cause of damage is buckling, which is an instability phenomenon that
may result in marked displacement (and deformation) of the armors. This mode ofdegradation exists only if there is a longitudinal compressive force in the armor wires.
The instability occurs as soon as the axial compression exceeds a level called the criticalload. This level depends on the physical properties of the armor wire and on the state of
the armors (imposed deformation such as transverse deflections, rubbing on the otherlayers, coefficient of friction of the layers, etc.). In general, when the critical load isreached, the armor will in fact be considered to be sound in view of other criteria suchas, for example, stress below the yield of the material, even though catastrophic failure
may be imminent.
[0006]While buckling instability is one potential cause of damage, in certain cases there
may be buckling without damage to the armors. This occurs (even though the wire isintrinsically unstable) when the amplitude of its deformations is sufficiently limited sothat a state of degradation is reached (for example by the yield being exceeded) with nodamage. Such a limitation in the deformations may be envisaged for example bybearing on the neighboring wires (limited lateral instability thanks to very small lateralclearances) or else by bearing on another layer (as in the case of radial instability).
Otherwise, lateral buckling may lead to overlapping and/or plastic deformation of thearmor wires, but this is in fact only a consequence of the buckling instability.
＊＊＊END＊＊＊[問３]次の実施例の記載を、図面を参考に日本語に翻訳してください。
[0011]FIGS. 3 and 4 show an embodiment of a wall-running radio-controlled toy car.
[0012]As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, two exhaust fans 38 are provided, spaced laterally
from another on the transverse centerline of a chassis 40, and each fan being driven by amotor 39 with the fan mounted directly on the motor shaft thereof. Six drive wheels 42
are provided, three on either side of the chassis 40, with the three wheels 42 on eitherside of the chassis being geared to one another so as to be driven in common by two
separately radio-controlled motors.
[0013]Thus, steering is accomplished by differentially driving the wheels on either sideof the chassis 40. Skirts 44 are provided, so as to ensure that the airflow is primarily
from the ends of the chassis to a fan exhaust duct 46, in turn to ensure that an adequate
area of high-velocity, low-pressure air flow is provided to generate adequate downforce
D for running across a vertical wall surface. Note that the center pair of wheels areslightly lower in the chassis than the end pairs, so as to provide "teeter" and ensure thatthe center pair of drive wheels are always in good contact with the wall.