工藤正俊業績
超音波造影法の開発と臨床応用の研究
1980 年代に入り、それまでのコンタクトコンパウンド方式から電子スキャンが開発され超音波検査は画期的な進歩を遂げた。それにより、超音波で肝臓内に小さな結節が多数検出されるようになったが、慢性肝疾患や肝硬変の患者に小さな 1～2cm 大の結節が見つかっても血管造影による精査でも質的診断不可能な結節性病変が多数増加し日本国内のみならず、世界的に大きな問題となってきていた。
当時は MDCT や MRI などの腹部応用がまだ進んでおらず、腫瘍生検による病理診断が唯一、肝の微小結節性病変診断法の主流であった。
工藤正俊は超音波のみで検出され、血管造影では濃染を呈さないような結節に対して無菌的に採取した CO2 と自家血の用手撹拌により作成した CO2 マイクロバブルを、肝動脈内に挿入したカテーテ
ル先端から注入し、対外からの超音波検査でそのような微小結節内の CO2 マイクロバブルを含む血流の輝度上昇を検出することにより結節内の動脈血流が増加しているのか低下しているのか、あるいは周囲肝と同程度であるかといった血流動態の評価を可能にする画期的な手法（CO2 マイクロバブル動
注による CO2 動注 Angiography［超音波造影法］）を開発した。この手法は肝腫瘍の超音波造影法としては世界初の検査法の開発であった。この手法は結節内の動脈血流の多寡を検出することにより病理学的早期肝癌の診断を可能にするのみならず、結節内の血管構築を正確に評価できることから、肝細胞癌、転移性肝癌、胆管細胞癌、血管腫、FNH などの鑑別診断も可能にする画期的な手法である。
さらには、門脈造影下 CT と併用することにより肝硬変にともなう結節性病変の結節内血流動態評価
による悪性度評価にも応用できることを証明した。工藤正俊がこの手法を考案したのは、米国カリフ
ォルニア大学のデイビスメディカルセンター（UC Davis）から帰国した 1989 年であるが、以降、次々に英文論文として発表したため世界からこの手法に注目が集まるようになった。この論文をきっかけに世界中に静注造影超音波法開発のニーズが高まってきた。その結果、この CO2 動注 US angio 法開発の延長線上として 1999 年、第一世代の超音波造影剤レボビストの開発につながった。レボビストの開発においても工藤正俊は中心的な役割を果たし独シェーリング社との共同開発により治験を成功させレボビストを保険承認に導いた。更には第二世代の超音波造影剤であるソナゾイド造影超音波の開発を第一三共株式会社（現剤、GE Healthcare）と開始し、2007 年治験を成功させることによりソナ
ゾイドが静注用超音波造影剤として薬事承認された。また、ソナゾイドのみにおいて可能な Defect
Reperfusion 法（Re-injection technique）も開発しこの手法は世界各国でルーチンのテクニックとして使用されている。
その後、ソナゾイド造影超音波は膵臓の腫瘍性病変の鑑別などにも近畿大学において世界で初めて臨床応用され、多くの英文論文発表を行い、超音波造影法を確立した。ソナゾイドは 2012 年頃までは日本でのみ使用可能であったが、現在では世界各地でソナゾイドに対するニーズが高まり、中国、台湾、韓国、ノルウェーなどの各国で次々と承認されるに至っている。
2013 年には工藤正俊が世界超音波医学会（WFUMB）の理事長であった時に造影エコー法の世界のガイドラインを発表したが、この論文の引用件数は 800 回以上にも及んでいる。また、最近 WFUMBにより改訂され 2020 年に発表された肝臓の造影超音波法の改訂版の主要メンバーとしても参画している。すなわち造影超音波法の開発、普及、ガイドライン作成のそのすべてに工藤正俊は携わった。

(*: Corresponding author)

1.

Kudo M＊, Tomita S, Tochio H, Kashida H, Hirasa M, Todo A: Hepatic focal
nodular hyperplasia: specific findings at dynamic contrast-enhanced
ultrasonography with carbon dioxide microbubbles. Radiology 179: 377-382,
1991. (IF= 7.931)

2.

Kudo M＊, Tomita S, Tochio H, Mimura J, Okabe Y, Kashida H, Hirasa M, Ibuki
Y, Todo A: Sonography with intraarterial infusion of carbon dioxide
microbubbles (sonographic angiography): value in differential diagnosis ofhepatic tumors. AJR Am J Roentgenol 158: 65-7, 1992. (IF=3.013)

3.

Kudo M＊, Tomita S, Tochio H, Mimura J, Okabe Y, Kashida H, Hirasa M, Ibuki
Y, Todo A: Small hepatocellular carcinoma: diagnosis with US angiography
with intraarterial CO2 microbubbles. Radiology 182: 155-160, 1992. (IF=7.931)

4.

Kudo M＊: Morphological diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: special
emphais on intranodular hemodynamic imaging. Hepato-Gastroenterol 45:
1226- 1231, 1998. (IF=0.792)

5.

Kudo M＊: Imaging diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and premalignant/borderline lesions. Semin Liver Dis 19: 297-309, 1999. (IF=4.457)

6.

Ding H, Kudo M＊, Onda H, Suetomi Y, Minami Y, Maekawa K: Contrastenhanced subtraction harmonic sonography for evaluating treatment response
in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol 176: 661-666,
2001. (IF=3.013)

7.

Ding H, Kudo M＊, Onda H, Suetomi Y, Minami Y, Maekawa K:
Hepatocellular carcinoma: depiction of tumor parenchymal flow withintermittent harmonic power Doppler US during the early arterial phase indual display model. Radiology 220: 349-356, 2001. (IF= 7.931)

8.

Ding H, Kudo M＊, Onda H, Nomura H, Haji S: Sonographic diagnosis ofpancreatic islet cell tumor: value of intermittent harmonic imaging. J Clin
Ultrasound 29: 411-416, 2001. (IF=0.764)

9.

Kudo M＊: Imaging blood flow characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Oncology 61:48-56, 2001. (IF=2.642)

10.

Ding H, Kudo M＊, Maekawa K, Suetomi Y, Minami Y, Onda H: Detection oftumor parenchymal blood flow in hepatic tumors: value of second harmonic
imaging with a galactose-based contrast agent. Hepatol Res 21: 242-251, 2001.
(IF=3.165)

11.

Kudo M＊: Contrast harmonic ultrasound is a breakthrough technology in the
diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Med Ultrason 28: 7981, 2001. (IF=0.898)

12.

Ding H, Kudo M＊, Onda H, Suetomi Y, Minami Y, Chung H, Kawasaki K,
Maekawa K: Evaluation of posttreatment response of hepatocellular carcinoma

with contrast-enhanced coded phase-inversion harmonic US: comparison withdynamic CT. Radiology 221: 721-730, 2001. (IF= 7.931)
13.

Wen YL, Kudo M, Kawasaki T, Minami Y, Maekawa K: Hepatocellular
carcinoma treated with radiofrequency ablation: Evaluation of therapeutic
response by contrast-enhanced Coded Harmonic Angio. Chinese J UltrasoundMed 18: 452-455, 2002. (IF=0.000)

14.

Kudo M＊: Radiofrequency ablation for HCC under contrast-harmonic imaging.
J Society Ultrasound Med ROC 18: 48-50, 2002. (IF=0.000)

15.

Kudo M＊: Contrast harmonic imaging in the characterization of hepatic tumors.
J Society Ultrasound Med ROC 18: 52-53, 2002. (IF=0.000)

16.

Wen YL, Kudo M, Luo BM, Maekawa K: Usefulness of different modes ofcontrast-enhanced power Doppler imaging in assessment of intratumoral
vascularity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Chinese J Ultrasound Med 18: 773-776,
2002. (IF=0.000)

17.

Wen YL, Kudo M＊, Maekawa K, Minami Y, Chung H, Suetomi Y, Onda H,
Kitano M, Kawasaki T: Contrast advanced dynamic flow imaging and contrast
pulse subtraction imaging: preliminary results in hepatic tumors. J Med
Ultrason 29: 195-204, 2003. (IF=0.898)

18.

Minami Y, Kudo M＊, Kawasaki T, Kitano M, Chung H, Maekawa K, Shiozaki
H: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma:
usefulness of coded phase-inversion harmonic sonography. AJR Am J
Roentgenol 180: 703-708. (IF=3.013)

19.

Wen YL, Kudo M＊, Minami Y, Chung H, Suetomi Y, Onda H, Kitano M,
Kawasaki T, Maekawa K: Assessment of image quality of contrast-enhanced
power Doppler imaging in hepatocellular carcinoma with a personalultrasound imager: comparison with conventional machine. J Med Ultrason
30: 31-38, 2003. (IF=0.898)

20.

Kawasaki T, Kudo M, Inui K, Ogawa C, Chung H, Minami Y: Hepatocellular
carcinoma mimicking cavernous hemangioma on angiography and contrast
enhanced harmonic ultrasonography. A case report. Hepatol Res 25: 202-212,
2003. (IF=3.165)

21.

Kudo M＊, Minami Y: Radiofrequency ablation therapy under harmonic imaging
guidance for the recurring cancer after local therapy for HCC: a randomized
controlled study with RFA under B-mode guidance. Ultrasound Med Biol 29: 145,
2003. (IF=2.514)

22.

Wen YL, Kudo M＊, Minami Y, Chung H, Suetomi Y, Onda H, Kitano M,
Kawasaki T, Maekawa K: Radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular
carcinoma: therapeutic response using contrast-enhanced coded phase-inversion harmonic sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 181: 57-63. (IF=3.013)
23.

Wen YL, Kudo M ＊ , Minami Y, Chung H, Suetomi Y, Onda H, Kitano M,
Kawasaki T, Maekawa K: Contrast-enhnaced Agent Detection Imaging: earlyexperience in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Med Ultrason 30: 77-84. (IF=0.898)

24.

Wen YL, Kudo M ＊ , Minami Y, Chung H, Suetomi Y, Onda H, Kitano M,
Kawasaki T, Maekawa K: Value of new contrast harmonic technique fordetecting tumor vascularity in hepatocellular carcinoma: preliminary results. J
Med Ultrason 30: 85-92. (IF=0.898)

25.

Wen YL, Kudo M＊, Minami Y, Chung H, Suetomi Y, Onda H, Kitano M,
Kawasaki T, Maekawa K: Detection of tumor vascularity in hepatocellular
carcinoma with contrast enhanced Dynamic Flow imaging: comparison with
contrast enhanced power Doppler imaging. J Med Ultrason 30; 141-151,
2003. (IF=0.898)

26.

Wang WP, Ding H, Qi Q, Mao F, Xu ZZ, Kudo M: Characterization of focal
hepatic lesions with contrast-enhanced C-cube gray scale ultrasonography.
World J Gastroetenrol 9: 1667-1674, 2003. (IF=3.665)

27.

Wen YL, Kudo M＊, Zheng RQ, Ding H, Minami Y, Chung H, Suetomi Y, Onda
H, Kitano M, Kawasaki T, Maekawa K: Characterization of hepatic tumors:value of contrast-enhanced coded phase inversion harmonic US. AJR Am J
Roentgenol 182: 1019-1026, 2004. (IF=3.013)

28.

Minami Y, Kudo M＊, Kawasaki T, Chung H, Ogawa C, Shiozaki H: Percutaneousradiofrequency ablation guided by contrast-enhanced harmonic sonography
with artificial pleural effusion for hepatocellular carcinoma in the hepatic dome.
AJR Am J Roentgenol 182: 1224-1226, 2004. (IF=3.013)

29.

Kitano M, Kudo M, Maekawa K, Suetomi Y, Sakamot H, Fukuda N, Nakaoka R,
Kawasaki T: Dynamic imaging of pancreatic diseases by contrast-enhanced
coded phase- inversion harmonic US. Gut 53: 854-859, 2004. (IF=19.819)

30.

Minami Y, Kudo M＊, Kawasaki T, Chung H, Ogawa C, Shiozaki H: Treatmentof hepatocellular carcinoma with percutaneous radiofrequency ablation:
usefulness of contrast harmonic sonography for lesions poorly defined with Bmode sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 183: 153-156, 2004. (IF=3.013)

31.

Wen YL, Kudo M ＊ : Detection of the intratumoral vascularity in small
hepatocellular carcinoma by coded phase inversion harmonics. Intervirology 47:
169-178, 2004. (IF=1.235)

32.

Kudo M ＊ : Atypical large well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma withbenign nature: a new clinical entity. Intervirology 47: 227-237, 2004. (IF=1.235)

33.

Zheng RQ, Kudo M＊: Hepatocellular carcinoma with nodule in nodule
appearance: demonstration by contrast-enhanced coded phase-inversion
harmonic imaging. Intervirology 47: 184-190, 2004. (IF=1.235)

34.

Fukuta N, Kitano M, Maekawa K, Chikugo T, Kudo M＊: Estimation of themalignant potential of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: The value of contrastenhanced coded phase-inversion harmonic US. J Gastroenterol 40: 247-255,
2005. (IF=6.132)

35.

Zheng RQ, Kudo M: Hepatic angiomyolipoma: identification of an efferent vessel
to be hepatic vein by contrast-enhanced harmonic ultrasound. Br J Radiol 78:
956-960, 2005. (IF=2.196)

36.

Zheng RQ, Kudo M＊, Ishikawa E, Chung H, Minami Y, Ogawa C, Sakaguchi Y,
Kitano M, Kawasaki T, Maekawa K: Hepatic angiomyolipma: identification ofan efferent vessel to be hepatic vein by contrast-enhanced harmonic
ultrasonography. J Med Ultrason 32: 191-196, 2005. (IF=0.898)

37.

Sakaguchi Y, Kudo M＊, Zheng RQ, Chung H, Minami Y, Ogawa C, Kitano M,
Kawasaki T, Maekawa K: Hemodynamic and morphologic changes of
peripheral hepatic vasculature in chronoic liver disease: a preliminary study
by contrast-enhanced coded phase-inversion harmonic sonography. J Med
Ultrason 32: 197-204, 2005. (IF=0.898)

38.

Inoue T, Kudo M＊, Watai R, Zhou P, Kawasaki T, Minami Y, Chung H,
Fukunaga T, Awai K, Maenishi O: Differential diagnosis of nodular lesions in
cirrhotic liver by post-vascular phase contrast-enhanced US with Levovist:
comparison with superparamagnetic iron oxide magnetic resonance images. J
Gastroenterol 40: 1139-1147, 2005. (IF=6.132)

39.

Zheng RQ, Zhang B, Kudo M, Sakaguchi Y: Hemodynamic and morphologicchanges of peripheral hepatic vasculare in cirrhotic liver disease: apreliminary study using contrast-enhanced coded phase inversion harmonic
ultrasonography. World J Gastroenterol 11: 6348-6353, 2005. (IF=3.665)

40.

Kudo M＊: Early detection and characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma:
value of imaging multistep human hepatocarcinogenesis. Intervirology 49: 6469, 2006. (IF=1.235)

41.

Minami Y, Kudo M＊, Chung H, Kawasaki T, Yagyu Y, Shimono T, Shiozaki H:
Contrast harmonic sonography guided radiofrequency ablation therapy versus
B-mode sonography in hepatocellular carcinoma: prospective randomized
controlled trial. AJR Am J Roentgenol 188: 489-494, 2007. (IF=3.013)

42.

noue T, Kitano M, Kudo M＊, Sakamoto H, Kawasaki T, Yasuda C, Maekawa K:
Diagnosis of gallbladder diseases by contrast-enhanced phase-inversion
harmonic ultrasonography. Ultrasound Med Biol 33: 353-361, 2007. (IF=2.514)

43.

Kudo M＊: New sonographic techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of
hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res 37: 193-199, 2007. (IF=3.165)

44.

Zhou P, Kudo M＊, Minami Y, Chung H, Inoue T, Fukunaga T, Maekawa K:
What is the best time to evaluate treatment response after radiofrequency
ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma using contrast-enhanced sonography?
Oncology 72: S92-S97, 2007. (IF=2.642)

45.

Kitano M, Sakamoto H, Matsui U, Ito Y, Maekawa K, Shrenck T V, Kudo M: A
novel perfusion imaging technique of the pancreas: contrast-enhanced
harmonic EUS (with video). Gastrointest Endsc 67: 141-150, 2008. (IF=6.890)

46.

Kitano M, Kudo M＊, Sakamoto H, Nakatani T, Maekawa K, Mizuguchi N, Ito
Y, Miki M, Matsui U, Shrenck T V: P

47.

reliminary study of contrast-enhanced harmonic endosonography with secondgeneration contrast agents. J Med Ultrason 35: 11-18, 2008. (IF=0.898)

48.

Hatanaka K, Kudo M＊, Minami Y, Ueda T, Tatsumi C, Kitai S, Takahashi S,
Inoue T, Hagiwara S, Chung H, Ueshima K, Maekawa K: Differential
diagnosis of hepatic tumors: value of contrast-enhanced harmonic sonographyusing the newly developed contrast agent, Sonazoid. Intervirology 51: 61-69,
2008. (IF=1.235)

49.

Sakamoto H, Kitano M, Suetomi Y, Maekawa K, Takeyama Y, Kudo M: Utilityof contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography for diagnosis of small
pancreatic carcinomas. Ultrasound Med Biol 34: 525-532, 2008. (IF=2.514)

50.

Kudo M＊, Hatanaka K, Maekawa K: Sonazoid-enhanced ultrasound in the
diagnosis and treatment of hepatic tumors. J Med Ultrasound 16: 130-139,
2008. (IF=0.000)51.

Madan K, Kudo M＊, Fukuta N: Multistep progression from a hypovascular
nodule to a nodule-in-nodule type hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis Crelated cirrhosis. Indian J Gastroenterol 27: 176, 2008. (IF=1.080)

52.

Hatanaka K, Kudo M＊, Minami Y, Maekawa K: Sonazoid-enhanced
ultrasonography for diagnosis of hepatic malignancies: comparison with
contrast-enhanced CT. Oncology 75: S42-47, 2008. (IF=2.642)

53.

Inoue T, Kudo M＊, Hatanaka K, Takahashi S, Kitai S, Ueda T, Ishikawa E,
Hagiwara S, Minami Y, Chung H, Ueshima K, Maekawa K: Imaging of
hepatocellular carcinoma: qualitative and quantitative analysis of postvascular phase contrast-enhanced US with Sonazoid; comparison withsuperparamagnetic iron oxide magnetic resonance images. Oncology 75: S4854, 2008. (IF=2.642)

54.

Kudo M＊, Tochio H: Intranodular blood supply correlates well with biologicalmalignancy grade determined by tumor growth rate in pathologically provenhepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology 75: S55-64, 2008. (IF=2.642)

55.

Xia Y, Kudo M＊, Minami Y, Hatanaka K, Ueshima K, Chung H, Hagiwara S,
Inoue T, Ishikawa E, Kitai S, Takahashi S, Tatsumi C, Ueda T, Hayaishi S,
Maekawa K: Response evaluation of transcatheter arterial chemoembolizaionin hepatocellular carcinomas: the usefulness of Sonazoid-enhanced harmonicsonography. Oncology 75: S99-105, 2008. (IF=2.642)
56.

Kudo M＊: Multistep human hepatocarcinogenesis: correlation of imaging withpathology. J Gastroenterol 44: 112-118, 2009. (IF=6.132)

57.

Inoue T, Kudo M＊, Maenishi O, Kumata M, Nakashima O, Kojiro M, Maekawa
K: Value of liver parenchymal phase contrast-enhanced sonography todiagnose the premalignant and borderline lesions and overt hepatocellular
carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol 192:698-705, 2009. (IF=3.013)

58.

Minami Y, Kudo M*: Contrast-enhanced harmonic ultrasound imaging in
ablation therapy for primary hepatocelular carcinoma. World J Radiol 31: 8691, 2009. (IF=0.000)

59.

Kudo M*: The 2008 Okuda lecture: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma:from surveillance to molecular targeted therapy. J Gastroen Hepatol 25: 439452, 2010. (IF=3.437)

60.

Minami Y, Kudo M＊, Hatanaka K, Kitai S, Inoue T, Hagiwara S, Chung H,
Ueshima K: Radiofrequency ablation guided by contrast harmonic sonographyusing perfluorocarbon microbubbles (Sonazoid) for hepatic malignancies: an
initial experience. Liver Int 30: 759-764, 2010. (IF=5.175)

61.

Kudo M＊, Hatanaka K, Maekawa K: Newly developed novel ultrasoundtechnique, defect reperfusion ultrasound imaging, using Sonazoid in the
management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology 78: S40-45, 2010.
(IF=2.642)

62.

Hatanaka K, Chung H, Kudo M＊, Haji S, Minami Y, Maekawa K, Hayaishi S,
Nagai T, Takita M, Kudo K, Ueda T, Tatsumi C, Kitai S, Ishikawa E, Yada N,
Inoue T, Hagiwara S, Ueshima K: Usefulness of the post-vascular phase ofcontrast-enhanced ultrasonography with Sonazoid in the evaluation of grosstypes of Hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology 78: S53-59, 2010. (IF=2.642)

63.

Kudo M＊, Hatanaka K, Inoue T, Maekawa K: Depiction of portal supply inearly hepatocellular carcinoma and dysplastic nodule: value of pure arterial
ultrasound imaging in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology 78: S60-67, 2010.
(IF=2.642)

64.

Andreana L, Kudo M＊, Hatanaka K, Chung H, Minami Y, Maekawa K,
Ruggiero G: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound techniques for guiding andassessing response to locoregional treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Oncology 78: S68-77, 2010. (IF=2.642)

65.

Minami Y, Kudo M: Hepatic malignancies: Correlation between sonographic
findings and pathological features. World J Radiol 2: 249-256, 2010. (IF=0.000)

66.

Mita K, Kim SR, Kudo M, Imoto S, Nakajima T, Ando K, Fukuda K, Matsuoka
T, Maekawa Y, Hayashi Y: Diagnostic sensitivity of imaging modalities forhepatocellular carcinoma smaller than 2cm. World J Gastroenterol 16: 41874192, 2010. (IF=3.665)

67.

Xia Y, Kitano M, Kudo M, Imai H, Kamata K, Sakamoto H, Komaki T:
Characterization of intra-abdominal lesions of undetermined origin bycontrast-enhanced harmonic EUS (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 72: 637642, 2010. (IF=6.890)

68.

Kudo M＊, Hatanaka K, Kumada T, Toyoda H, Tada T: Double-contrast
ultrasound: a novel surveillance tool for hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J
Gastroenterol 106: 368-370, 2011. (IF=10.171)

69.

Kitano M, Kudo M, Sakamoto H, Komaki T: Endoscopic ultrasonography andcontrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Pancreatology 11: 28-33, 2011. (IF=3.629)

70.

Kitano M, Sakamoto H, Komaki T, Kudo M: New techniques and future
perspective of EUS for the differential diagnosis of pancreatic malignancies;
Contrast harmonic imaging. Digest Endosc 23: 46-50, 2011. (IF=4.774)

71.

Alaboudy A, Inoue T, Hatanak K, Chung H, Hyodo T, Kumano S, Murakami T,
Moustafa EFA, Kudo M＊: Usefulness of combination of imaging modalities inthe diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma using Sonazoid-enhanced
ultrasound, gadolinium diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic acid-enhanced
magnetic resonance imaging, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography.
Oncology 81: 66-72, 2011. (IF=2.642)

72.

Kudo M＊: Diagnostic imaging of hepatcocellular carcinoma: Recent progress.
Oncology 81: 73-85, 2011. (IF=2.642)

73.

Minami Y, Okumura N, Yamamoto N, Tsuji N, Kono Y, Kudo M＊:
Quantification of tumor vascularity with contrast-enhanced ultrasound forearly response of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular
carcinoma: a report of three cases. J Med Ultrason 39: 15-19, 2012. J Med
Ultrason

74.

Kitano M, Kudo M, Yamao K, Takagi T, Sakamoto H, Komaki T, Kamata K,
Imai H, Chiba Y, Okada M, Murakami T, Takeyama Y: Characterization ofsmall solid tumors in the pancreas: The value of contrast-enhanced harmonicendoscopic ultrasonography. Am J Gastroenterol 107, 303-310, 2012.
(IF=10.171)

75.

Kitano M, Sakamoto H, Kudo M: Endoscopic ultrasound: contrast
enhancement. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 22:349-358, 2012. (IF=0.000)

76.

Inoue T, Kudo M＊, Hatanaka K, Arizumi T, Takita M, Kitai S, Yada N,
Hagiwara S, Minami Y, Sakurai T, Ueshima k, Nishida N: Usefulness ofcontrast-enhanced ultrasonography to evaluate the post treatment responsesof radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma; comparison withdynamic CT. Oncology 84:51-57, 2013. (IF=2.642)

77.

Minami Y, Kudo M: Therapeutic response assessment of transcatheter arterial
chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: ultrasonography, CT and MR
imaging. Oncology 84:58-63, 2013. (IF=2.642)

78.

Claudon M, Dietrich CF, Choi BI, Cosgrove DO, Kudo M, Nolsoe CP, Piscaglia

F, Wilson SR, Barr RG, Chammas MC, Chaubal NG, Chen MH, Clevert DA,
Correas JM, Ding H, Forsberg F, Fowlkes JB, Gibson RN, Goldberg BB,
Lassau N, Leen EL, Mattrey RF, Moriyasu F, Solbiati L, Weskott HP, Xu HX:
Guidelines and good clinical practice recommendations for contrast enhanced
ultrasound (CEUS) in the liver-update 2012: a WFUMB-EFSUMB initiative incooperation with representatives of AFSUMB, AIUM, ASUM, FLAUS andICUS. Ultrasound Med Biol 39:187-210, 2013. (IF=2.514)
79.

Claudon M, Dietrich CF, Choi BI, Cosgrove DO, Kudo M, Nolsoe CP, Piscaglia
F, Wilson SR, Barr RG, Chammas MC, Chaubal NG, Chen MH, Clevert DA,
Correas JM, Ding H, Forsberg F, Fowlkes JB, Gibson RN, Goldberg BB,
Lassau N, Leen EL, Mattrey RF, Moriyasu F, Solbiati L, Weskott HP, Xu HX:
Guidelines and good clinical practice recommendations for contrast enhanced
ultrasound (CEUS) in the liver-update 2012: a WFUMB-EFSUMB initiative incooperation with representatives of AFSUMB, AIUM, ASUM, FLAUS andICUS. Ultraschall Med 34:11-29, 2013. (IF=4.966)

80.

Kudo M*: Early hepatocellular carcinoma: definition and diagnosis. Liver
Cancer 2:69-72, 2013. (IF=9.720)

81.

Kitano M, Sakamoto H, Kudo M: Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound.
Dig Endosc 26:79–85, 2014. (IF=4.774)

82.

Minami Y, Nishida N, Kudo M: Therapeutic response assessment of RFA for
HCC: contrast-enhanced US, CT and MRI. World J Gastroenterol 20:41604166, 2014. (IF=3.665)

83.

Hatanaka K, Minami Y, Kudo M*, Inoue T, Chung H, Haji S: The grossclassification of hepatocellular carcinoma: usefulness of contrast-enhanced US.
J Clin Ultrasound 42:1-8, 2014. (IF=0.764)

84.

Minami Y, Kudo M: Ultrasound fusion imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma: areview of current evidence. Diegst Dis 32:690-695, 2014. (IF=2.493)

85.

Minami T, Minami Y, Chishina H, Arizumi T, Takita M, Kitai S, Yada N, Inoue
T, Hagiwara S, Ueshima K, Nishida N, Kudo M*: Combination guidance ofcontrast-enhanced US and fusion imaging in radiofrequency ablation forhepatocellular carcinoma with poor conspicuity on contrast-enhanced
US/fusion imaging. Oncology 87:55-62, 2014. (IF=2.642)

86.

Kitano M, Kamata K, Imai H, Miyata T, Yasukawa S, Yanagisawa A, Kudo M:
Contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography for pancreatobiliaty
diseases. Digest Endosc 27:60-67, 2015. (IF=4.774)

87.

Sugimoto K, Kim SR, Imoto S, Tohyama M, Kim SK, Matsuoka T, Yano Y,
Kudo M, Hayashi Y: Characteristics of hypovascular versus hypervascularwell-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma smaller than 2cm - focus on
tumor size, markers and imaging detectability. Digest Dis 33:721-727, 2015.
(IF=2.493)

88.

Tochio H, Sugahara M, Imai Y, Tei H, Suginoshita Y, Iwasaki N, Sasaki I,
Hamada M, Minowa K, Inokuma T, Kudo M*: Hyperenhanced rim surrounding
liver metastatic tumors in the postvascular phase of sonazoid-enhancedultrasonography: a histological indication of the presence of Kupffer cells.
Oncology 89:33-41, 2015. (IF=2.642)
89.

Minami Y, Kudo M*: Imaging modalities for assessment of treatment response
to nonsurgical hepatocellular carcinoma therapy: Contrast-enhanced US, CT
and MRI. Liver Cancer 4:106-114, 2015. (IF=9.720)

90.

Kudo M*: Defect reperfusion imaging with sonazoid®: a breakthrough inhepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Cancer 5:1-7, 2016. (IF=9.720)

91.

Kamata K, Kitano M, Omoto S, Kadosaka K, Miyata T, Yamao K, Imai H,
Sakamoto H, Harwani Y, Chikugo T, Chiba Y, Matsumoto I, Takeyama Y, Kudo
M: Contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography for differential
diagnosis of pancreatic cysts. Endoscopy 48:35-41, 2016. (IF=7.341)

92.

Inoue T, Hyodo T, Korenaga K, Murakami T, Imai Y, Higaki A, Suda T, Takano
T, Miyoshi K, Koda M, Tanaka H, Iijima H, Ochi H, Hirooka M, Numata
K,Kudo M*: Kupffer phase image of Sonazoiod-enhanced US is useful in
predicting a hypervascularization of non-hypervascular hypointense hepaticlesions detected on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI: A multicenter retrospective
study. J Gastroenterol 51:144-152, 2016. (IF=6.132)

93.

Miyata T, Kitano M, Omoto S, Kadosaka K, Kamata K, Imai H, Sakamoto H,
Nishida N, Harwani Y, Murakami T, Takeyamas Y, Chiba Y, Kudo M: Contrastenhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography for assessment of lymph nodemetastases in pancreatobiliary carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 22:33813391, 2016. (IF=3.665)

94.

Minami Y, Minami T, Chishina H, Kono M, Arizumi T, Takita M, Yada N,
Hagiwara S, Ida H, Ueshima K, Nishida N, Kudo M: US-US fusion imaging inradiofrequency ablation for liver metastases. Digest Dis 34:687-691, 2016.
(IF=2.493)

95.

Makino Y, Imai Y, Igura T, Kogita S, Sawai Y, Fukuda K, Iwamoto T, Okabe J,
Takamura M, Fujita N, Hori M, Takehara T, Kudo M, Murakami T: Feasibilityof extracted-overlay fusion imaging for intraoperative treatment evaluation ofradiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Cancer 5:269-279,
2016. (IF=9.720)

96.

Minaga K, Kitano M, Yoshikawa T, Omoto S, Kamata K, Yamao K, Kudo M:
Hepaticogastrostomy guided by real-time contrast-enhanced harmonicendoscopic ultrasonography: a novel technique. Endoscopy 48:E228-229, 2016.
(IF=7.341)

97.

Piscaglia F, Kudo M, Han KH, Sirlin C: Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
with non-invasive imaging: a plea for worldwide adoption of standard andprecise terminology for describing enhancement criteria. Ultraschall Med 38:911, 2017. (IF=4.966)

98.

Kono M, Minami Y, Iwanishi M, Minami T, Chishina H, Arizumi T, Komeda Y,
Sakurai T, Takita M, Yada N, Ida H, Hagiwara S, Ueshima K, Nishida N, Kudo
M*: Contrast-enhanced tissue harmonic imaging versus phase inversion
harmonic sonographic imaging for the delineation of hepatocellularcarcinomas. Oncology 92:29-34, 2017. (IF=2.642)
99.

Kamata K, Takenaka M, Minaga, Kudo M: Utility of contrast-enhanced
harmonic EUS for evaluating the effects of steroid therapy in a case of IgG4negative focal autoimmune pancreatitis. Gastrointest Endosc 86:1177-1179,
2017. (IF=6.890)

100. Minaga K, Takenaka M, Kamata K, Miyata T, Yamao K, Imai H, Kudo M:
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy with novel use ofcontrast-enhanced harmonic imaging. Endoscopy 49:E281-E282, 2017.
(IF=7.341)
101. Kamata K, Takenaka M, Kitano M, Omoto S, Miyata T, Minaga K, Yamao K,
Imai H, Sakurai T, Watanabe T, Nishida N, Chikugo T, Chiba Y, Imamoto H,
Yasuda T, Lisotti A, Fusaroli P, Kudo M: Contrast-enhanced harmonicendoscopic ultrasonography for differential diagnosis of submucosal tumors of
the upper gastrointestinal tract. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 32:1686-1692, 2017.
(IF=3.437)
102. Minaga K, Takenaka M, Omoto S, Miyata T, Kamata K, Yamao K, Imai H,
Watanabe T, Kitano M, Kudo M: A case of successful transluminal drainage ofwalled-off necrosis under contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic
ultrasonography guidance. J Med Ultrason 45:161-165, 2018. J Med Ultrason
103. Kamata K, Takenaka M, Kitano M, Omoto S, Miyata T, Minaga K, Yamao K,
Imai H, Sakurai T, Nishida N, Kashida H, Chikugo T, Chiba Y, Nakai T,
Takeyama Y, Lisotti A, Fusaroli P, Kudo M: Contrast-enhanced harmonicendoscopic ultrasonography for differential diagnosis of localized gallbladderlesions. Dig Endosc 30:98-106, 2018. (IF=4.773)
104. Minami Y, Minami T, Hagiwara S, Ida H, Ueshima K, Nishida N, Murakami T,
Kudo M: Ultrasound-ultrasound image overlay fusion improves real-time
control of radiofrequency ablation margin in the treatment of hepatocellular
carcinoma. Eur Radiol 28:1986-1993, 2018. (IF=4.101)
105. Dietrich CF, Averkiou M, Nielsen MB, Barr RG, Burns PN, Calliada F,
Cantisani V, Choi B, Chammas MC, Clevert DA, Claudon M, Correas JM, Cui
XW, Cosgrove D, D'Onofrio M, Dong Y, Eisenbrey J, Fontanilla T, Gilja OH,
Ignee A, Jenssen C, Kono Y, Kudo M, Lassau N, Lyshchik A, Franca Meloni M,
Moriyasu F, Nolsøe C, Piscaglia F, Radzina M, Saftoiu A, Sidhu PS, Sporea I,
Schreiber-Dietrich D, Sirlin CB, Stanczak M, Weskott HP, Wilson SR,
Willmann JK, Kim TK, Jang HJ, Vezeridis A, Westerway S: How to perform
contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Ultrasound Int Open 4:E2-15, 2018.
(IF=0.000)
106. Yamashita Y, Shimokawa T, Napoléon B, Fusaroli P, Gincul R, Kudo M, Kitano
M: Value of contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS with enhancement pattern for
diagnosis of pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis. Dig Endosc 31:125-133, 2019.
(IF=4.774)
107. Kudo M*, Ueshima K, Osaki Y, Hirooka M, Imai Y, Aso K, Numata K, Kitano M,
Kumada K, Izumi N, Sumino Y, Ogawa C, Akazawa K, for the SELECTED

Study Group, Japan: B-mode ultrasonography versus contrast-enhanced
ultrasonography for surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective
multicenter randomized controlled trial. Liver Cancer 8:271-280, 2019.
(IF=9.720)
108. Tanaka H, Kamata K, Takenaka M, Yoshikawa T, Ishikawa R, Okamoto A,
Yamazaki T, Nakai A, Omoto S, Minaga K, Yamao K, Sakurai T, Watanabe T,
Nishida N, Chiba Y, Kitano M, Kudo M: Contrast-enhanced harmonicendoscopic ultrasonography for evaluating the response to chemotherapy inpancreatic cancer. Dig Liver Dis 51:1130-1134, 2019. (IF=2.493)
109. Morita M, Ogawa C, Omura A, Noda T, Kubo A Matsunaka T, Tamaki H,
Shibatoge M, Seno H, Minami Y, Ueshima K, Sakurai T, Nishida N, Kudo M*:
The efficacy of Sonazoid-enhanced ultrasonography in decision-making forliver abscess treatment. Intern Med 59:471-477, 2020. (IF=1.005)
110. Minami Y, Minami T, Chishina H, Takita M, Hagiwara S, Ida H, Ueshima K,
Nishida N, Kudo M*: Radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma:
clinical value of ultrasound-u-ltrasound overlay fusion for optimal ablation andlocal controllability. Hepatol Res 50:67-74, 2020. (IF=3.165)
111. Minami Y, Kudo M: Ultrasound fusion imaging technologies for guidance inablation therapy for liver cancer. J Med Ultrasoun 47:257-263, 2020.
(IF=0.000)
112. Lee JY, Minami Y, Choi BI, Lee WJ, Chou YH, Jeong WK, Park MS, Kudo N,
Lee MW, Kamata K, Iijima H, Kim SY, Numata K, Sugimoto K, Maruyama H,
Sumino Y, Ogawa C, Kitano M, Joo I, Arita J, Liang JD, Lin HM, Nolsoe C,
Gilja OH, Kudo M: The AFSUMB consensus statements and recommendations
for the clinical practice of contrast-enhanced ultrasound using sonazoid.
Ultrasonography, 2020 (Epub ahead of print). (IF=3.075)
113. Dietrich CF, Nolsoe CP, Barr RG, Berzigotti A, Bums PN, Cantisani V,
Chammas MC, Caubal N, Choi BI, Clevert DA, Cui X, Dong Y, D’Onofrio M,
Fowlkes JB, Gilja OH, Huang P, Ignee A, Jenssen C, Kono Y, Kudo M, Lassau
N, Lee WJ, Lee JY, Liang P, Lim A, Lyshchik A, Meloni MF, Correas JM,
Minami Y, Moriyasu F, Nicolau C, Piscaglia F, Saftoiu A, Sidhu PS, Sporea I,
Torzilli G, Xie X, Zheng R: Guidelines and good clinical practicerecommendations for contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the liver-update
2012: a WFUMB ub cooperation with EFSUMB, AFSUMB, AIUM, andFLAUS. Ultrasound Med Biol 2020 (Epub ahead of print). (IF=2.514)
114. Dietrich CF, Nolsoe CP, Barr RG, Berzigotti A, Bums PN, Cantisani V,
Chammas MC, Caubal N, Choi BI, Clevert DA, Cui X, Dong Y, D’Onofrio M,
Fowlkes JB, Gilja OH, Huang P, Ignee A, Jenssen C, Kono Y, Kudo M, Lassau
N, Lee WJ, Lee JY, Liang P, Lim A, Lyshchik A, Meloni MF, Correas JM,
Minami Y, Moriyasu F, Nicolau C, Piscaglia F, Saftoiu A, Sidhu PS, Sporea I,
Torzilli G, Xie X, Zheng R: Guidelines and good clinical practicerecommendations for contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the liver-update
2012: a WFUMB ub cooperation with EFSUMB, AFSUMB, AIUM, andFLAUS. Ultraschall in Med 2020 (Epub ahead of print). (IF=4.966)