HARD GROUND PRESS-IN METHODThe Silent Piler for Hard Ground
Super Crush Piler

Technical BrochureIntroduction

Contents

The Press-in Method has variety of superiorities, but had one weakness. It was to press-in at hardground conditions. It has been a long time pending issue in the Press-in Industry. By the standard
press-in method and the press-in with water jetting method cannot enable to install sheet piles into
hard ground stratum such as sandy gravel layer with boulders and rock layer.

Overview ................................................................................................................................................... 1
Features ..................................................................................................................................................... 2
Applicable Ground Condition ................................................................................................ 3

Super Crush Piler was designed for the solutions such issue. By the realisation of a GIKEN’s uniqueconcept, “the Coring Theory”, which is press-in with simultaneous augering, made sheet piling work
possible at hard ground conditions. It dramatically expands the sheet piling range without vitiating thesuperiorities of the Press-in Method.

Silent Piler ............................................................................................................................................... 4
Mechanism of Press-in ........................................................................................................ 7 - 8
Coring Press-in .................................................................................................................................... 7

Even though Super Crush Piler has an augering device, the press-in machine main body is so lightand compact that its physical appearance does not give negative power of impression that typicalmassive augering machines have. The lightness and compactness of Super Crush Piler makes sheet
piling work possible at limited working spaces and slopes. In addition, because Super Crush Piler
firmly grips reaction piles, it hardly overturns during operations. This mechanism provides ultimately
high safety performance.
The environmentally friendly designs are strictly applied in Super Crush Piler. The Power Unit has theworld highest level of engine in smoke emissions and fuel consumption. Biodegradable hydraulic oil
and grease are applied as its standard specifications. They can prevent fatal contamination in waterand soil, if they are accidentally spilled over, because natural bacteria degrade them in a short periodof time.

Press-in with Pre-augering................................................................................................................... 8

Method Comparison ....................................................................................................................... 9
Superiorities of the Hard Ground Press-in Method ........................................ 11
On Slope, On The Water, Adjacent to Structure

Machine Layout .................................................................................................................... 12 - 13
Plan for Standard Assembling Work for Initial Piling .......................................................................... 12
Plan for Standard Press-in Work........................................................................................................ 12Side View for Standard Press-in Work ............................................................................................... 13
Standard Trench Excavation .............................................................................................................. 13

The introduction of Super Crush Piler expands the applicable ground range of press-in work. We
believe not only that it improves the superiorities of the Press-in Method but also that it creates new
chapter in the history of piling work. This brochure will give you detailed information about thefeatures and superb functions of Super Crush Piler for your new recognitions.

Crush Piler with GRB System ............................................................................................................ 13

Press-in Procedures......................................................................................................... 14 - 16
Initial Press-in Procedures ................................................................................................................. 14
Simultaneous Press-in Procedures.................................................................................................... 15
Press-in Procedures under Limited Headroom .................................................................................. 16

Corner, Curve & Slope Piling .............................................................................................. 17
Environmental Measures ............................................................................................. 18 - 20
Reduction of Vibration and Noise....................................................................................................... 18
Exhaust Emission............................................................................................................................... 19
Environment-Friendly Biodegradable Oil ........................................................................................... 20

Improvement of Safety and Work Efficiency at Site............................ 21 - 22
Piler Stage.......................................................................................................................................... 21
Auger Head Replacing Attachment .................................................................................................... 21
GIKEN’s Original Accessories ............................................................................................................ 22

Informatised Piling............................................................................................................. 23 - 24
GIKEN IT SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................ 23
Press-in Monitoring System ............................................................................................................... 24

Project Achievements ..................................................................................................... 25 - 32
U Sheet Pile ....................................................................................................................................... 25
Other Pile Sections ............................................................................................................................ 29

Features

Overview
When sheet piling work is carried out at hard ground condition, such as sandy gravel layers with boulders and rock,massive augering and piling machines are generally used. They are time consuming and not economical. They areeven not environmentally friendly and not a safe piling method, neither. GIKEN has developed “the Hard Ground
Press-in Method” to overcome those negative aspects. Noise and vibration generated from piling work can be
minimised by pressing-in sheet piles with simultaneous augering. This Silent Piler, so called the Crush Piler, is socompact and light that it can eliminate negative psychological impact that massive conventional piling machines
give to neighbours. Moreover, if piling alignment is located on slope or on the water, conventional piling machinesrequire large temporary platform. Because such temporary facility is not necessary in the Hard Ground Press-in
Method, environmental burden of the piling work is greatly reduced.

The Five Construction Principles
The Hard Ground Press-in Method is a piling method that fulfils“The five construction principles” in a well-balanced manner.
Any construction work should be fair and appropriate forcitizen. GIKEN defines what construction works aresupposed to be by “the Five Construction Principles”
which consists of Environmental Protection, Safety,
Speed, Economy and Aesthetics. They are GIKEN’s
fundamental of machine developments and construction
method developments.

Superiorities of Press-in Method
No vibration and no noise
No machine overturning
Compact and light machine
Press-in load can be monitored
during installation
High piling quality

Environmental Protection

Static load is applied to press-in sheet piles, so there is noconstruction pollution like noise and vibration.
Silent Piler is so light and compact that its extent of the piling
activities can be minimised.
GIKEN’s system technologies don’t require temporary platforms sothat environment burden of construction work is minimised.
The augering section area is minimised just for sheet pile installation,
so the amount of discharged soil can be minimised. It gives nonegative impact to surroundings.

The Coring Theory(Press-in with Simultaneous Augering)“The Coring Theory”, a GIKEN’s original
theory for press-in with simultaneousaugering, makes sheet piling at hardground possible without losing superiorities of Press-in Method.

SafetyCan install sheet piles at hard ground such as boulder,
gravel and rock.
No risk of machine over-turning and no negative psychologicalimpact that massive conventional machines give.
Compact and light machine makes piling work possible atlimited working area and on slope.
The augering section area is minimised just for sheet pile
installation, so the amount of discharged soil can be
minimised. It provides proper stability on the sheet pile wall.
An environmentally friendly piling method with
GIKEN’s original system technologies.
* GIKEN’s Press-in System technologies won“Environment Prize” in 2001.
CG Model : SCU-400M

1

Construction work has to be carried out insafety and comfort with a method
implementing the highest safety criteria.

The compact Silent Piler doesn’t have risk of overturning, because
the rig grips reaction piles firmly.
The Pile Auger and sheet pile being pressed-in are locked by highsafety functions.
The Crush Piler can be controlled by wireless control system, so theoperator can control the Crush Piler at a safe spot.

Speed

Various Advantages

Construction work should be environmentally friendly andfree from pollution.

Construction work should be completed
in the shortest possible period of time.

Construction duration can be greatly shortened, because highly
efficient piling work can be carried out with systemised packages ofmachineries and apparatuses.
Multiple sets of compact machines and apparatuses can be used at
the same time to greatly shorten construction period.
Speedy piling progress is available, because there are least limits inworking hours even at highly restricted areas and night works.

Construction work must be done rationally

Economy with an inventive mind to overcome all
constraints at the lowest cost.
GIKEN’s system technologies don’t require temporary platforms sothat construction cost is greatly reduced.
This systemised package of machines and apparatuses can minimise
number of work force so that labour cost is greatly reduced.
All machines are so compact that it is not necessary to completely
close active traffics.

Construction work must proceed smoothly

Aesthetics and the finished product should portray
cultural and artistic flavour.
Smooth piling works are available by selecting the most effective
package of machineries and apparatuses for individual project conditions.
Artistic looking structure is available by installing decoration panels
on sheet pile walls.
With superiorities of the Press-in Method, highly accurate and highquality sheet pile walls are available.

Under construction

After completion2

Applicable Ground Condition

Silent Piler

Table for Applicability
SCU-400M

Super Crush Piler (Component Names)

Sand, Gravely Sand, Sandy Gravel with Boulders, and Cohesive Soil
No Pre-augeringWith Pre-augering

Need individual consultation

Pile Auger

Leader Mast

20
15

Need
individual
consultation

Auger Motor

It is possible to check
important operating
information, such as
Press-in Force andthe Auger Torque, on
the digital monitor inreal time.

Press-in length(m)Maximum Extrapolated SPT N Value
Borehole
Data

50

Maximum Gravel-Boulder Size

75

150

500

D75

D120

D200

Gravel-Boulder Proportion

60%

Uniaxial Compressive Strength(N/mm2)50

SCU-600M

Monitor

Sand, Gravely Sand, Sandy Gravel with Boulders, and Cohesive Soil
With Pre-augering

Need individual consultation

Slide Cover

Hose Reel

20
15

Need
individual
consultation

Casing Chuck

Biodegradability
Oil Sticker

Press-in length(m)Maximum Extrapolated SPT N Value
Borehole
Data

50

Maximum Gravel-Boulder Size

75

150

500

D75

D120

D200

Gravel-Boulder Proportion

60%

Uniaxial Compressive Strength(N/mm2)50

SCU-400M, 600M

Chuck Frame

RockWith Pre-augering

Chuck

Clamp

Need individual consultation
20
15

Need
individual
consultation

Borehole
Data

Casing Auger
CasingPress-in length(m)Maximum Extrapolated SPT N Value

Saddle75

Uniaxial Compressive Strength(N/mm2)

150

300

500

5

20

40

Rock Classification

D - CM

Strength

E-C(Note) 1. Various numerical values that distinguish the nature of soil must be referred from the value indicated in borehole data.
2. The maximum values in borehole data must be applied to determine the applicability.
* GIKEN has many experiences at area where defined “Need individual consultation”.
Please contact the nearest GIKEN office for detailed information. (Project achievements P25-P32)
For the further information about applicable ground conditions, please refer “Standard Estimation Guide Book
of Hard Ground Press-in Method” issued by Japan Press-in Piling Association.

Auger Screw

Various Auger Heads
The type of auger heads shall be selected based on ground conditions.

Auger Head

For press-in 2 Wings

For cobble 2 Wings

For rock 3 Wings* GIKEN keeps developing original auger heads for further improvements in terms of body designs and materials.

34Super Crush SCU-400M Specifications
1250

Power Unit EU300F3 Specifications

Pile Auger

2100

1470

Crawler

Power Unit

Washing Apparatus

Power Source

Multi-Box

At transportation

Eco Mode

Fuel Tank Capacity

Extraction Force

900 kN

Stroke1,000 mm

500 L
1.4 km/h
Approved by MLIT (Ministry of Land,

Vibration Regulations Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism)
as an Ultra-low noise standard equipment

Exhaust Emission Regulations Fulfils Off-road Regulation Requirement

Mass

10,600 kg (Including Hose Reel)

Applicable Sheet Piles

Sheet piles Type Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ

Mass

Control System

Radio control*Includes 20m hydraulic pressure hoses, the volume of rating
capacity of hydraulic oil and full fuel.

465*For other sheet pile sections, please contact the nearest GIKEN office.

Pile Auger

Mass

2465

Driving Speed2350

800 kN

985

Press-in Force

204 kW(277 ps) / 1,600 min-1

Hydraulic Oil Tank Capacity Piler Eco Oil 630 L

Press-in Machine Main Body

3405

2630

730

Rated Output

1765

29000 (for 21 m)

Hose Reel

Diesel Engine

Power Mode 230 kW(313 ps) / 1,800 min-1

2110
4715

Washing Apparatus

2075
Mass

9,600 kg (for 21.0 m)

320 kgTotal mass 8,300 kg

Total mass 20,200 kg (21.0 m)

3215

7,980 kg

3780

Reaction Stand for SCU-400M Size

Overall Length (mm) at transportation

Reaction Stand for SCU-600M Size

1220

Super Crush SCU-600M Specifications

5060

3710

2200

1750

2120

Pile Auger1470

At transportation

Press-in Force

800 kN

Extraction Force

900 kN

Stroke1,000 mm

Mass

13,400 kg (Including Hose Reel)

Applicable Sheet Piles
Control System

Sheet piles Type ⅤL and ⅥL

2680

3380

4560

6210

522

Press-in Machine Main Body

482

3485

2765

795

39200 (for 30 m)

Hose Reel

Sheet piles Type ⅡW, ⅢW, and ⅣW
Radio control

Total mass 1,250 kg

Total mass 2,000 kg

475*For other sheet pile sections, please contact the nearest GIKEN office.

2800
3550
4115

Pile Auger

Mass

14,400 kg (for 30.0 m)

Total mass 27,800 kg (30.0 m)* The above specifications are subject to alternation without a prior notice.

Overall Length (mm) at transportation

5

6

Mechanism of Press-in
Coring Press-in (Press-in at Sand Gravel & Boulder Strata)

Press-in with Pre-augering (Press-in at Boulder & Rock Strata)

Under “the Coring Theory”, a GIKEN’s original technology,
the Pile Auger penetrates into hard stratum by augering theminimum area to create a coreless zone underground. While
the Pile Auger is being extracted, sheet pile is beingpressed-in simultaneously. In this manner, augering is appliedjust for a driving assistance purpose. It does not decrease
baring capacity of driven piles, because the least volume ofsoil is discharged and ground disturbance is minimised.

If sheet piles are installed into rock strata by conventional method, usually large area of rock are crushed and thenreplaced by sand prior to sheet piling. With this piling method, it takes more cost and time. The Super Crush Piler cansolve such problems. The Pile Auger equipped on Super Crush Piler pre-augers prior to pressing-in sheet pile justnecessary area of rock and then sheet pile is installed. The Super Crush Piler can handle the both pre-augering workand sheet pile installation work by the one unit. It makes sheet piling work at hard ground significantly efficient. In
addition, the Pile Auger can pre-auger with high level of accuracy, because it is fixed with a guide attachment which isconnected to the leading interlock of previously installed sheet pile.

Pre-augering Area

Rock
Stratum

Backfilling

1

2
Starting installation

Augering

Crushing boulders
by wedge effect1Pre-auger Guide

Pre-augering (with Pre-auger head)2
Extracting the Pile Auger and backfilling

Layout of pre-augering area

The soil inside the casing is removed by auger
reverse revolution.

Backfilling

3
Extracting the Pile Auger and installing sheet pile7

4
End of one work cycle

Penetration through boulder

3

4

Press-in with the Pile Auger (with press-in auger head)

Backfilling after completion of sheet pile installation

Replace the pre-auger head to the press-in auger head

After completion of installation, while the Pile Auger
is being extracted, the soil inside the Pile Auger are
removed for backfilling.

Layout of press-in augering area

8

Method Comparison
Comparison Table (SCU-400M)

Comparison Table (SCU-600M)

A sheet pile is pitched to the Crush Piler. The Pile
Auger penetrates together with the sheet pile into
the ground.

There are 2 work procedures required prior to sheet piling work.
I. Casing jack-in with gyration, excavation, backfilling.
II. Sheet pile installation by a jack-in piling rig equipped with auger.
The great torque enables to penetrate into rock, boulder andreinforced concrete materials.
During excavation work, the hammer grab generates noise andvibration.
This method requires a large working area, because it requires
massive construction equipments such as casing gyration jack-in
machine, crawler crane and excavator.

There are 2 work procedures required prior to sheet
piling work.
The penetration capability into boulder is lower than“All Casing Sand Replacement Piling Method”.
This method requires a large working area, because
it requires massive construction equipments suchas casing gyration jack-in machine, crawler craneand excavator.

This method doesn’t cause construction pollutions
such as noise and vibration, because sheet piles are
installed by static load.
This method requires less work procedures thanother methods, because it doesn’t require sandreplacement work.
The piling rig hardly overturns, because it clamps
previously installed piles so that the rig is fixed withthose reaction piles.
The piling rig is so compact that it can be used at
narrow site conditions and on slope.
This method can install sheet piles with high accuracy.

Features

110 days (170 %)93 days (143 %)65 days (100 %)Excavation & Sand replacement= JPY 72 million
Sheet pile jack-in = JPY 5.5 million
Total = JPY 77.5 million

Excavation & Sand replacement= JPY 51 million
Sheet pile jack-in = JPY 5.5 million
Total = JPY 56.5 million

Sheet pile press-in = JPY 41 million
Total = JPY 41 million(189 %)(138 %)(100 %)

Machine 56 tons

Construction 93 tons

Machine 72 tons

Construction 78 tons

Uniaxial Double Earth Auger Pre-boring
Sand Replacement Piling Method

Hard Ground Press-in Method

Ȉ = 150 t (150 %)(Add 130 tons for temporary work platform work.)Ȉ = 100 t (100 %)Budget *1

400

800

1200

600 600
1070

1070

600 600

A casing with cemented carbide tips on the edge isdriven by gyration jack-in, and the soil inside thecasing are excavated by a hammer grab.
The casing is then driven farther in and this process
is repeated as required. While the casing is being
extracted, sand is poured inside the casing toconstruct a sand pile.
Sheet pile is then installed by a vibratory hammer.

A boring shaft is driven by double gyration. Special
cutting edges are mounted on the casing edge andauger head. The casing and auger head revolves indifferent directions one another.
After completing excavation, sand is poured inside
the casing to construct a sand pile.
Sheet pile is then installed by a vibratory hammer.

A sheet pile is pitched to the Crush Piler. The Pile
Auger penetrates together with the sheet pile into
the ground.

There are 2 work procedures required prior to sheet piling work.
I. Casing jack-in with gyration, excavation, backfilling.
II. Sheet pile installation by a vibratory hammer.
The great torque enables to penetrate into rock, boulder andreinforced concrete materials.
During excavation work, the hammer grab generates noise andvibration.
This method requires a large working area, because it requires
massive construction equipments such as casing gyration jack-in
machine, crawler crane and excavator.

There are 2 work procedures required prior to sheet
piling work.
The penetration capability into boulder is lower than“All Casing Sand Replacement Piling Method”.
This method requires a large working area, because
it requires massive construction equipments suchas casing gyration jack-in machine, crawler craneand excavator.

This method doesn’t cause construction pollutions
such as noise and vibration, because sheet piles are
installed by static load.
This method requires less work procedures thanother methods, because it doesn’t require sandreplacement work.
The piling rig hardly overturns, because it clamps
previously installed piles so that the rig is fixed withthose reaction piles.
The piling rig is so compact that it can be used at
narrow site conditions and on slope.
This method can install sheet piles with high accuracy.

103 days (215 %)86 days (179 %)48 days (100 %)Excavation & Sand replacement= JPY 72 million
Sheet pile jack-in = JPY 2.2 million
Total = JPY 74.2 million

Excavation & Sand replacement= JPY 51 million
Sheet pile jack-in = JPY 2.2 million
Total = JPY 53.2 million

Sheet pile press-in = JPY 36 million
Total = JPY 36 million(207 %)(148 %)(100 %)
Machine 18 tons

Machine 55 tons

Construction 92 tons

Machine 68 tons

Construction 77 tons

Ȉ = 147 t (194 %)Ȉ = 145 t (191 %)(Add 130 tons for temporary work platform work.)(Add 130 tons for temporary work platform work.)

Construction
58 tons

Ȉ = 76 t (100 %)Evaluation

Ȉ = 149 t (149 %)(Add 130 tons for temporary work platform work.)

Construction 78 tons

Environmental Burden *2(CO2 Emission)

Machine 22 tons

Method Outline

A boring shaft is driven by double gyration. Special
cutting edges are mounted on the casing edge andauger head. The casing and auger head revolves indifferent directions one another.
After completing excavation, sand is poured inside
the casing to construct a sand pile.
Sheet pile is then installed by a jack-in piling rig
equipped with auger.

Duration

Augering area

330

800

1200

Augering area
Method Outline
Budget *1

600 600

Evaluation

Environmental Burden *2(CO2 Emission)

1070

A casing with cemented carbide tips on the edge isdriven by gyration jack-in, and the soil inside thecasing are excavated by a hammer grab.
The casing is then driven farther in, and this process
is repeated as required. While the casing is being
extracted, sand is poured inside the casing toconstruct a sand pile.
Sheet pile is then installed by a jack-in piling rig
equipped with auger.

Duration

Features400 400
1070

Comparison
Conditions

9

All Casing Sand Replacement
Piling Method

Hard Ground Press-in Method

Cross Section

Uniaxial Double Earth Auger Pre-boring
Sand Replacement Piling Method

Cross Section

All Casing Sand Replacement
Piling Method

Sheet Pile: FSP IV, L = 15.0 m
Alignment: 100 Linermeter
No of Piles: 250 nos
Soil condition: Sand Nmax < 50 (GL to 12.0 m)
12 - 15m: Soft rock (uniaxial compressive strength 15 N/mm2)*1: Installation budget only.
(Excluding erection charge, transportation charge and material charge)*2: Excluding sheet piles.

Comparison
Conditions

Sheet Pile: IVw, L = 15.0 m
Alignment: 100 Linermeter
No of Piles: 166.7 nos
Soil condition: Sand Nmax < 50 (GL to 12.0 m)
12 - 15m: Soft rock (uniaxial compressive strength 15 N/mm2)*1: Installation budget only.
(Excluding erection charge, transportation charge and material charge)*2: Excluding sheet piles.

10Superiorities of the Hard Ground Press-in Method (under physical restrictions at site)

Machine Layout
Plan for Standard Assembling Work for Initial Piling

On Slope: No temporary working platform is required.
It can shorten construction duration and reduce construction cost.
Hard Ground Press-in Method

Conventional Method
Land boundary
Pedestrian corridor

Reaction StandWorking zone width 10m

Counter Weight

Trench Excavation
Counter Weight

50 ton Crane

On The Water: No temporary working platform is required.
It can shorten construction duration and reduce construction cost.
Hard Ground Press-in Method

Power Unit

Crush Piler

Datum Line

Mini Excavator

Pile Auger

Truck*A 80 ton crane is required for SCU-600M when sheet pile length is more than 15m.

Conventional Method

Plan for Standard Press-in WorkLand boundary

Adjacent to Structure: There is no working time restriction, because it is such asafe method that there is no risk of the machine overturning.
Hard Ground Press-in Method

Conventional Method

Working zone width 10m

Pedestrian corridor

Crush Piler

Trench Excavation
Datum Line

Mini Excavator

Power Unit

Sheet Pile

50 ton Crane

Zero Crush*A 80 ton crane is required for SCU-600M when sheet pile length is more than 15m.

11

12

Press-in ProceduresSide View for Standard Press-in Work

Standard Trench Excavation

Initial Press-in Procedures
Pile Auger

Power Unit

Sheet Pile (1)Crush Piler

Crush Piler

Reaction Stand

1000

TrenchExcavation

2000

Counter Weight
Datum
Level

Chuck

* Removed soil treatment is not included.

* Trench excavation is notalways required.

Crush Piler with GRB System(1)

1. Set the Reaction Stand on the datum
line horizontally, then set up the Crush
Piler and counter weights on theReaction Stand. The Pile Auger is thenassembled with the Crush Piler.

2. Pitch the sheet pile (1) into Chuck andgrip it by Chuck.

Datum
Level

Datum
Level

3. After checking the alignment andverticality, start pressing-in the sheet
pile (1).

The GRB System makes press-in work possible on the water,
on slopes, and at narrow space without work platforms.

Clamp Crane
Sheet Pile
Crush Piler
Power Unit
Unit RunnerPile Runner(1)

Sheet Pile (2)4. Press-in the sheet pile (1) until Datum
level. Press-in the sheet pile (2), until adepth where the Pile Auger getsenough resistance to support theweight of Crush Piler. Then self-move
the Crush Piler forward.

13(1) (2)

5. Press-in the sheet pile (2) until Datum
level.

(1) (2) (3) (4)6. Repeat the procedures 2 to 5 for several
sheet piles, then remove the Reaction
Stand to complete initial piling.

14

Simultaneous Press-in Procedures

Press-in Procedures under Limited Headroom
Under limited headroom, it is possible to press-in sheet piles by jointing the casing augers and welding sheet piles.
*Though head room clearance is more than 11m, piling work may not be possible due to the winding limit of the service crane to be used.
*In case the headroom clearance is less than 11m, please contact the nearest GIKEN office for individual consultation.

Pile Auger

Overhead limit* Regular crane can be used,
if the clearance is more than 11m.

1. Pitch lower pile
into Chuck.

Crush Piler

3. Disconnect
the motor part.

4. Connect the motor part andthe middle casing auger.
(Joint with bolts)

Motor Part

Lower Pile

Sheet Pile

2. Press-in the sheet pile.

Middle Casing Auger

Lower Pile

Chuck

1. Pitch the sheet pile into Chuck andgrip it by Chuck.

2. Penetrate the auger head into theground.

Lower Pile

Datum
Level

3. While extracting the auger head,
sheet pile is being pressed-in.

Overhead limit
6. Pitch the middle pile into Chuck andjoint the sheet piles by welding.

7. Press-in work
Repeat the procedures 3 to 7
until completion.

4. Repeat the procedures 2 to 3 untila depth where the Pile Auger getsenough resistance to support theweight of Crush Piler. Then
self-move the Crush Piler forward.

15

5. Press-in the sheet pile until Datum
level.

6. Extract the Pile Auger, thencontinue the procedures 1 to 6
press-in work in that order.

Middle Pile

Jointed Pile

Lower Pile

Datum
Level

Lower Pile

Lower Pile

Middle Pile

5. Connect the set of the motor part andthe middle part to the lower part ofcasing auger.

16

Environmental Measures

Corner, Curve & Slope Piling
Corner Piling= Corner pile
Pattern 1

Pattern 2

65= Installation order= Dummy pile

Pattern 3

5

4

6

4

3

2

2

Silent Piler is designed with strict concept for environmentally-friendly machine. It meet with the
Ultra Low Noise Standard and latest emission restrictions which are established by MLIT.
By applying biodegradable oil (the Piler Eco Oil and the Piler Eco Grease), if hydraulic oil orgrease is spilled to soil or water in any possibility, those are degraded by bacteria in naturalenvironment so that they will be no risk of contamination.
* A Japanese act for Emissions from Non-Road Special Motor Vehicles

5

3

4

3

1

2

Reduction of Vibration and Noise
The Power Unit meets with the “Ultra-low noise standard” established by the MLIT.
104**
72 Low Noise Standard
71

1

1

70 Noisy Office

1

69 Normal Driveway
68
67 Phone Ring
66 Ultra Low Noise Standard

98**

65 In Shopping Mall
64 Power Unit

Curve Piling

63
62 Daytime Industrial Area
61
dB(A)

Noise measurement for Power Unit
Japan Construction Mechanization Association
Measurement distance 16m

60 Normal Conversation (1m)** Acoustic Power Level
Other Values are Sound Pressure Level

Minimum Radius of Alignment
R=8,000mm (recommended)* If you need to consider theradius of alignment less than
8,000mm, please contact tothe nearest GIKEN office.

Vibration & Noise Measuring Sample
Sheet Piling in Progress

Measurement Location

St.5
St.1

St.4

St.1

St.2

Slope Piling
Up Slope

Down Slope
Sheet piling alignment

Location: Nankoku City, Kochi Prefecture

Borehole Log
0
12

Gravely clay

10

20 30

3

47

50mm

50mm

Main Contractor: Shimizu - Sato JV.
Piling Contractor: Giken Seko Co., Ltd.
Duration: H12.5 - H12.9

4
5
6
7

40

17

Pile Section / Length: Type III, L= 15.5 -16.5m,
n= 2,000 pieces

48

Cobble & Boulder

51

Sandy gravelwith
cobble & boulder

11

214
53

Cobble & Boulder

214

12
13

Sandy gravelwith
cobble & boulder

14
15
16

21

38

68
60

Cobble

18

20

38

44
Gravely sandwith silt

88
150

19

* Applicability of slope piling depends on ground condition,
the sheet pile lengths above ground and installation depth,
etc. Please contact to the nearest GIKEN office for individual
consultation.

38

10

17

Silent Piler: Super Crush SCU-400M, 7 units

60
Sandy gravelwith
cobble & boulder

89Noise Level Measurement Result (night time)

50

37

Sandy gravelwith
cobble & boulder

Cobble & Boulder

Employer: Kochi Aviation & Port Project Office,
Shikoku Local Regeneration Authorityof The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure
and Transport

40

16

88
Gravely sandwith silt

Sheet pile Type III, L = 16.5 m

Project Summary
Project Name: Kochi airport runway extension project

St.3

Location
St.1
St.2
St.3
St.4
St.5
LAeq L50 LAeq L50 LAeq L50 LAeq L50 LAeq L50
TimeBack ground noise 54(50) 45(41) 48
43
45
43
51
47
44
43
43
41
May
56
53
48
46
August
52
50
54
51
51
48
September
56
54
52
49
58
55
48
46
44
43
January48
45
46
43
February
48
45
48
45
Environmental standard 50dB
* Distances from the measuring locations to Silent Pilers differ from 15 to 80m
according to construction progress.

Noise Level Measurement Result
The top value L10 in vibration level 80% range
was less than 30dB.

100
75

18

Environment-Friendly Biodegradable Oil (the Piler Eco Oil and the Piler Eco Grease)
GIKEN’s Original ProductExhaust Emission
Exhaust Emission Regulations
SCU-400M (since No.45) and SCU-600M (since No.14)
The new generation environmentally-friendly engine conforms the emission level to the off-road act.

Biodegradable oil is applied to Silent Piler, so if hydraulic oil or grease is spilled to soil or waterin any possibility, those are degraded by bacteria in natural environment in short term.

Design Concept

Standard Application of Biodegradable Oil(It meets with the 3rd standard of emissions from construction equipment by MLIT)

SCU-400M (No.1-No.44) and SCU-600M (No.4-No.13)
It conforms 2nd standards in abroad for exhaust emissions that past engines could not conform.

GIKEN’s Standard
Setting more strict original standards from the viewpoint of citizens.
High combustion efficiency
Highly energy-efficient utilisation
Elimination of other environmental burden

Environmentally friendly concept
has been adapted as the primary
design concept.

The label of Piler Eco Oil & Piler Eco Grease
is affixed on Silent Piler.

A biodegradable oil has beendeveloped by GIKEN with ahydraulic oil manufacturer.

White smoke and dark smoke

Large reduction of white smoke : When the engine starts (warming-up time)
The Power Unit of the Super Crush Piler

A Past Power Unit

No need to worry about contamination
when working at river, canal and ocean.

Their biodegradability has been certified by biodegradability test.
25 C

O2

Biodegradability test: OECD*1 301C

ResultActivated sludge was used as microorganism
source. Biochemical oxygen consumption(BOD) of specimen material (Piler Eco Oil &Piler Eco Grease 100mg/L) was continuously
assayed by automatic assay system to valuate
biodegradability (percentage of volume ofdegrade into carbon dioxide and water) after
28 days.

Piler Eco Oil
Degraded 77.2%
Meet the standard
Piler Eco Grease
Degraded 66.2%
Meet the standard

CO2 absorbent
CO2

O2

Specimenmaterial
100 mg/L
Activatedsludge

The engine with the electronic controlled
fuel injection system reduces white smoke.

Large reduction of dark smoke : When the engine load is applied
The Power Unit of the Super Crush Piler

After 28 days (Required more than 60% degraded.)

A Past Power Unit

Eventually 100% will degraded. Time differs from conditions for 100% degrade.

Avirulence is certified by Fish Toxicity Test.
24 C

Death

Acute Toxicity Test: JIS*2 K 0102

ResultThis test is carried out to investigate thesurvival rate of 10 killifishes within 4 days in
the water contains specimen material
100mg/L.

Piler Eco Oil
100% alive
Meet the standard
Piler Eco Grease
100% alive
Meet the standard

Experimental section

The dark smoke emission are reduced by
GIKEN’s original designs on hydrauliccontrol and fuel injection control.

19

After 4 days (Survival rate needs to be more than 50%)
*1: The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Standards.
*2: Japan Industrial Standards.

20

Improvement of Safety and Work Efficiency at Site
AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT for improvement of safety andwork efficiency under various site conditions
Generally speaking, many sheet pile works are carried out where work platform is necessary, such as on water, atslope and at high pile head from ground surface. Under such working conditions, GIKEN’s Piler Stage and Auger
Head Replacing Attachment make piling work safe and efficient. In addition, many auxiliary equipment are lined up
to improve environmental and safety aspects.

GIKEN’S ORIGINAL ACCESSORIES for improvement ofwork efficiency (Seek better environmental protection and safety work)
Pile Laser

Pile Roller

Piler Stage

3060

Piler Stage is an easy handling platform.
Junctions on the Crush Piler are easy insert typeas well as junctions of each pieces. You can set
the stage on the only one side.
Adjustable handrails make flexible entry
and exiting.

Sheet pile alignment is quickly and accurately set bypalm-size laser diode pointer.

970

520

450

5070

Maximum loadable mass
Attaching both side .............. 350 kg
Attaching one side ............... 200 kg
Middle Stage ....................... 150 kg

Mass .......................... 1.5 kg
Operation time ........... More than 50 hours
with size D battery.

Massfor U Sheet Pile ....................11kg
for Hat Sheet Pile 900mm ...13kg
Applicable sheet pile sections ...U Sheet Pile
(400, 500, 600 mm)*Type IVA is not applicable.

Applicable sheet pile lengthfor 400 & 600 mm.................Max. 20 m
for 500 mm ...........................Max. 25 m

Mass .................................... 530 kg

Hose Roller

Auger Head Replacing Attachment

Pile Roller eliminates noise and friction between piles
while sheet pile is being pitched up. It makes cranework smoother and safer.

Radio Control Safety Shackle

It is necessary to use more than 2 types of Auger Head according to soil condition. Auger heads are so heavy thatit takes time and needs hard work for the replacement. But Auger Head Replacing Attachment makes such
replacement work much faster and safer.
If sheet pile alignment is close to any structure, or if site condition is too narrow to set the Piler Stage, or when
corner piling is required, you can use the Adjustable Arm Type Attachment.

700

Rotate
530

730

Swing

Hose Roller can protect hydraulic hose damages by
avoiding lugging hydraulic hoses on the ground, andmake the hose handlings much easier.

The pitching shackle can lock and released the sheet
pile by radio control. The latest model has improvedin the safety function.

Mass ............................................ 8 kg

Mass ...............................................9 kg

Applicable sheet pile sections ..... U Sheet Pile
(400, 500, 600 mm)

Locking & Release Operation.........Radio Control
Maximum lifting load.......................2,000 kg* This accessory is available only in Japan at this moment.
(February, 2010)21

22

Informatised Piling
IMPROVEMENT of piling efficiency by connecting
GIKEN Total Support Centre and piling site
GIKEN IT SYSTEM
GIKEN IT System can exchange various real time information such as Press-in Management Information,
Maintenance Information, and location information between piling site and GIKEN Total Support Centre. For instance,
information of Press-in Monitoring System can be utilized for advices to improve piling productivity, and Maintenance
Information can be utilized for advices to prevent machine trouble and to reduce repair time.

Highly reliable sheet piling operations are available
with Press-in Monitoring Data as a scientific evidence
which can be passed to employers and engineers.
Press-in Monitoring System
Press-in Monitoring Data for each single pile, such as press-in
force, auger torque and press-in time, is available for scientificanalysis. Such data can be linked to borehole data to optimise
operation settings for each ground condition. Proper advice canbe given for any change in soil strata and presence of any
underground obstacle.

GPS Satellite

GPS Satellite

Location Info.
Crush Piler

Piling Site

Telecom Company

Location Info.
Maintenance Info.

Press-in Time
Wireless IT System

Press-in Monitoring Info.
Antenna
Wireless IT System*Optional Item

Silent Piler
Owner’s Office
ABC Co., Ltd.

Press-in Monitoring Info.
Press-in
Data
圧入データ
Site
Diary
工事日報
Site Photos
現場状況写真Piling
Progress
工程進捗状況
Site
Location Info.
現場位置情報Site Office

Press-in Force
The force Silent Pilerpress-in pile duringpilingSite Info.

Maintenance Support

Press-in Time(per meter depth)

GIKEN Total Support Centre

Times spend for each 1m
penetration are displayed

Quick Response to Site
Work Schedule
Piling Schedule
CAD Drawings
Quotation

Borehole Log
By entering soil properties,
comments and N values,
borehole log is createdautomaticallyServicing Factory
Auger Torque

Employers & Main Contractors

Experts of Various Fields
Maintenance Info.

Torque force Pile
Auger revolves
during pilingPress-in Monitoring Info.

GIKEN’s Various Support
GTOSS

Operating Situation
Inspection SheetTechnical Info.

CAD Data
Pricing
Training Support

Set Press-in Speed

Set Extraction Speed

Auger Revolving Speed

Speed Silent Piler press-in
pile during piling

Speed Silent Piler extract
pile during piling

Speed Piler Auger revolves
during piling* This service is available only in Japan at this moment. (February, 2010)

23

24

Project Achievements
U Sheet Pile
Construction of East Tsim Sha Tsui Station and pedestrian subway

Construction of New Water Intake Pumping Station

Kowloon, Hong Kong

Kandy, Sri Lanka
Borehole Data

Borehole Data
1

Filling (silty SAND with fine gravel)2

Filling (angular COBBLE of concrete)3
4
5Filling(silty SAND with fine gravelof granite and some200 700mm cobble)

69Filling(silty SAND with finegravel of granite)

U Sheet Pile SPIV L = 29.0 m

8

10
11
12

silty SAND with shell fragment

13
14

silty SAND with fine gravel

15
16
17

Uniaxial Compressive Strength
40N/mm2 - 130N/mm2

18
19
20

silty SAND with finegrained granite

Water

0

1

2

21

Base rock layer

22
3

23
24

very strong medium grained GRNITE

25

silty SAND with medium
rained granite

26

U Sheet Pile SP-IV L = 11.0 m

7

Uniaxial Compressive
Strength:100 MPa
4

27

29

very strong medium grained
GRNITE

5

(m)

(m)

New Metro Rail Track Construction

Fukuoka Ring Utility Conduit

Perth, Australia

Fukuoka, Japan
Borehole Data

Borehole Data

SPT Value

0 10 20 30 40 50
1

SPT Value

0 10 20 30 40 50

Filling
Soil

1

2

Fill
Clay

2

3
4

Sand
Clay

15

3

18

4

6

Sand
Medium dense

U Sheet Pile PU24 L = 20.0 m

5

7

26

8
9
10

18

Sandy Clay
Medium dense

15

11
12

4
13
14
15
16
17

Sand
Dense toMediume dense

14

5

Sandy Clay

11

6

Sand

20

7

42
8

54
9

88
10

26

Sand
with
GravelCompletely
Decomposed Granite

136
11

42

18

188
55

12

188

19
20

50

13

56

14

300
(m)

(m)

SPT value over 50 is extrapolated.

25

U Sheet Pile SP-IV L = 10.0 - 14.5 m

28

SPT value over 50 is extrapolated.

26

Shands Hospital, Subterranean pathway

Blackheath-Hill

Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A.

London, U.K.
Borehole Data

Borehole Data

SPT Value

Topsoil
1

Sand

Clayey Sand

7
4
3

3

22
4

5

27

Clayey Sand
w/ cemented Clay

6

15
7

26

6

2

11
3

9
Sandy Clay
4

10

5

14

6

16
7

8

46
9

Clayey Silty
Fine Sand

8

158

10

U Sheet Pile LX20 L = 8.0 m

2Silty Fine Sand
Clay

U Sheet Pile Larssen LX16 L = 10.4 m (34.0 ft)

1

SPT Value

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 10 20 30 40 50
Fill

45

Limestone
9

11

100

10

250

12

(m)

(m)

SPT value over 50 is extrapolated.

SPT value over 50 is extrapolated.

Palm Beach

St.Johns Working

Palm Beach, Florida, U.S.A.

St. Johnes, Working, U.K.
Borehole Data

Borehole Data

SPT Value

0 10 20 30 40 50

SPT Value

0 10 20 30 40 50

2
9

1

Clay

12
2

14

4

19

37

5

54

6

63
7

Made Ground

U Sheet Pile L606 L = 11.0 m

315

U Sheet Pile LX16 L = 8.2 m (27.0 ft)

1

Fine Sand
with someshell fragments

Clayey Sand2

Sandy Clay

3

ClayeyFine Sand

4

Clay

4

18

48
5

6

Clayey Sand

103

69
8

cemmentd Sandand Shell(Coquina)

7

8

Silty Sand

111

(m)

(m)

SPT value over 50 is extrapolated.

27

61

SPT value over 50 is extrapolated.

28

Other Pile Sections
I-495 Washington Capital Beltway

Reconstruction Work for Tohoku Main Line Yadamae

Maryland, U.S.A.

Aomori, Japan
Borehole Data

Borehole Data

SPT Value

0 10 20 30 40 50

SPT Value

0 10 20 30 40 50

1

Fill

Little MF Rock Rragments

2

3

15

CF SandSome CF Gravel

34
4

Fine Sand & Silt
Little MF Rock Rragments

5100

Z Sheet Pile PZ22 L = 9.14 m (30.0 ft)

39
Fine Sand & Silt

30

Zero Sheet Pile (600 pitch) L = 16.0 m

2
1

1
Organic Silt

2

4

11

5

Sand

7

6

6

7

Cross Section

Silt with Sand

Auger Equipment

7

8
309

Zero Crush Piler
SCZ-600

15
9

31

Silty Sand

Tohoku Main Line Railway

10

Silty Clay

9

11

10
12

Sand

7

6

47

13

Gneiss14
Zero Sheet Pile (600 Pitch)
L=16.0m

7

Zero Sheet Pile (600 Pitch)
L=16.0m

Sand gravelwith Silt

15

(m)

54
15

(m)

SPT value over 50 is extrapolated.

SPT value over 50 is extrapolated.

Hochwasserschutz Koeln-Rodenkirchen Uferstrasse

SJ51 Phase 2 Street Retaining Wall Construction Work

Koeln, Germany

Tokyo, Japan
Borehole Data

Borehole Data

SPT Value

1

Fill

SPT Value

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 10 20 30 40 50

4Fill
Top Soil

1

5

2

4
3

Loam

3
4

3

Sand

21

4

5

84

6

4
5

Clayey Loam

5
7

3

Sandy Clay

3

9

6
10

Clay with Sand

3

11

94

Fine Sand
12

14

GravelTuffaceous Clay
8

13
7

5

6

15

500

Sand Gravel
Fine Sand

40
188
83

Sand Gravel

816700 x 700) L = 17.0 - 19.0 m

14PC Pile (Silt

Z Sheet Pile H1700 L = 7.7 m

2

34

53
17
9
18

Fine Sand

44
94

19
10
(m)

(m)

SPT value over 50 is extrapolated.

29

65
Sand Gravel
SPT value over 50 is extrapolated.

30

Canary Wharf Isle Of Dogs Station

West Toronto Diamond Rail to Rail Grade Separation

Canary Wharf, London, U.K.

Toronto, Canada
Borehole Data

SPT Value

0 10 20 30 40 50

3
4

Water

6
7
8
9
10
11

Sandy Gravel

44

12
13
14

60
86

Sand

91

15
16
17
18

Sandy Gravel

Silty Clay

2

Sandy Silt

8

4

11
Clayey Silt

19

5
6
7

Silty Sand

8
9

27

Silty Clay

29

10
11

168

Silt with Sand

12
13

20

Clayey Silt

14

60

15
16
17

54

Silt

168

18

87

19

24

20
21
22

16
Silty Clay

17

23

100
Blows

19

Top Soil

2
3

750
333

Sandstone

1

24

13

25
(m)

(m)

SPT value over 50 is extrapolated.

SPT value over 50 is extrapolated.

BBC

Woodhill Apartment Complex

London, U.K.

Orlando, Florida, U.S.A.
Borehole Data

Borehole Data

SPT Value

SPT Value

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 10 20 30 40 50
1Made Ground

5

18

6

60

7

Sand Gravel
8

60

9
10

60

11
12

27

13
14

31

15
16
17

35

London Clay

18

39
19
20

41
21
22

45

3

10
14

5
6
7

12
Silty Fine Sand

8

3

9

Before10
11

Sandy Clay

7
7

Silty Fine Sand

12

4
13
14

After

17

Clayey Fine Sand

15

17

16
17

Silty Fine Sand

13

18
19

(m)

Fine Sand

4

23

Weathered
Limestone

148

(m)

SPT value over 50 is extrapolated.

31

4

2

3

4

Tubular Sheet Pile D914 mm t = 19 mm L = 23.0 m 1 joint

3

7

1

2

Tubular Sheet Pile D914 mm t = 12 mm L = 15.0 m (49.2 ft)

5

Tubular Sheet Pile D1,219 mm t = 14 mm L = 18.1 m

1
2

SPT Value

0 10 20 30 40 50

Tubular Sheet Pile D914 mm t = 19.1 mm L = 24.1 m

Borehole Data

SPT value over 50 is extrapolated.

32THE FIVE CONSTRUCTION PRINCIPLES
If we analyse all the parties involved in any construction
work, we can categorise them into three main groups: theclient, the contractor and the general public. The ideal
situation is when all three parties are in agreement andsatisfied with the successful outcome of the construction
work. Problems arise when one of the parties becomes a
victim of imbalance in this relationship. The conventional
construction methods based upon principles that "more ispaid for less efficient work" are no longer appropriate topresent-day society. Universally acceptable construction
methods must embody the Five Construction Principles.

Environmental
Protection

Construction work should be environmentally friendly and freefrom pollution.

SafetyConstruction work has to be carried out in safety and comfort witha method implementing the highest safety criteria.

SpeedConstruction work should be completed in the shortest possible
period of time.

EconomyConstruction work must be done rationally with an inventive mind
to overcome all constraints at the lowest cost.

Aesthetics

Construction work must proceed smoothly and the finished productshould portray cultural and artistic flavour.

Construction Solutions Company
GIKEN LTD.

www.giken.com

Global Network : Japan, UK, Germany, USA, Singapore, China

International Business Department
3948-1 Nunoshida, Kochi-shi, Kochi 781-5195, JapanFor more contact information, please visit:

Tel. : +81-(0)88-846-2980 Fax : +81-(0)88-826-5288

http://www.giken.com/en/contactus/groupcompanies

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Ver 5.1EN08 / 09 Sep 2014