★★★ ＜第29回知的財産翻訳検定試験【第14回英文和訳】＞ ★★★
≪１級課題 -機械工学-≫【解答にあたっての注意】
１．問題の指示により和訳してください。
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３．課題文に段落番号がある場合、これを訳文に記載してください。
４．課題は３題あります。それぞれの課題の指示に従い、３題すべて解答してください。

問１．下記の従来技術に関する文を和訳してください。英文の冗長なスタイルや細かい表現にとらわれず、技術的なポイントが明確になる翻訳を心がけてください。
The reputation of 2 stroke engines aka, albeit imprecisely,
scavenging engines, has certainly seen better days. Although scavenging,where exhaust is replaced with a draught of fresh vapor, is a principle usedin other types of internal combustion arrangements as well, the original 2stroke engine depended almost solely on scavenging to run. The absence ofmany parts used in a 4 stroke engine, for example, made for a lightweightand simple structure, easy to manufacture and to mount, but this very
absence entailed shortcomings such as incomplete combustion and low fuelefficiency. In addition, issues of exhaust fumes containing raw fuel, difficulty
to muffle (or rather the self-defeating nature of doing so due to increasedweight), and so forth, far outweigh the aforementioned advantages in our
modern automotive world. And attempts to somehow improve efficiency, likethe reed and rotary valves, appear quite rudimentary and primitive incomparison with current fine-tuned and computer-controlled automotiveengines.
Yet, the principle of scavenging itself has found a new home in thesevery engines; enter the scavenging exhaust manifold. Even as engines
became more and more sophisticated and efficient, little thought was given
to backpressure and turbulence in the exhaust, until engineers realized thatthese were thwarting their endeavors in further improvement. In an ideal
scavenging exhaust arrangement, not only does exhaust from a previous

explosion not interfere with flow of exhaust from the subsequent explosion
entering the collector, but rather aids it, by sucking it away from the engine,in rapid succession, which improves engine efficiency, particularly in anaturally aspirated arrangement, by way of a simple and inexpensive form.
The beauty of it all is that this does not involve a complexity of parts andmechanisms, but rather the simplicity of diameters and curvatures of pipes.
This has to be designed to handle the full range of revolutions of the engine
by a rigid arrangement. Accordingly, patents of such technology will most
likely include numerical claims, reached through countless man-hours ofresearch and experimentation.
However, from the perspective of an ideal configuration, the related
art has proved to be woefully inadequate and leaving much to be desired, due
to the relatively recent advent of this technology and the amount of research
work to be done. The Present Inventors have aspired to research and develop
a new and novel way of achieving desirable results, without resorting tobrute force of numbers.

問２．下記の実施の形態の抜粋を和訳してください。文が長いので、適宜アレンジしてわかりやすい和文になるように翻訳してください。
A rotary fastener, or sheet metal screw, according to a first
embodiment of the present invention includes a head, flat on the underside
thereof so as to be flush with sheet metal when in place, the top thereof
domed or hemispherical with a slot or slots formed therein, adapted toreceive the tip of a standard or Phillips screwdriver when tightening or
loosening, and a threaded shank perpendicularly fixed at a base end to theaforementioned underside and having a helical ridge (male thread) formed
thereupon, and may be tapered in shape from the base end to a distal end toend in a point, with, in one arrangement, a V-shaped groove, parallel to theaxial direction of the shank, cut in the shank from a position near the distal
end of the shank to a position midway to the base end, so as to serve as a
cutting edge of a self-tapping screw.

問３． 次の製造方法のクレームを添付の図面を参考にして日本語に訳してください。
4. A method for assembling a large scale chromatography structure,comprising:providing a housing (300), wherein the housing (300) is configured
to open, wherein the housing is capable of withstanding a pressure of lessthan 3 bar;inserting a cartridge (100) into the housing (300); andsecuring the cartridge (100) in the housing (300) wherein securing
the cartridge (100) in the housing (300) further comprises providing aplurality of ribs (307 a-g; 309 a-g) disposed at the sides of the housing (300)
to secure the cartridge (100) in the housing (300) and wherein thechromatography cartridge (100) is a pre-packed disposable cartridge
disposed within the housing in a vertical position, such that flow within thecartridge in use is from side to side and the cartridge being arranged suchthat it includes a first mobile phase port (303) configured to receive process
liquids and a second mobile phase port (305) configured to release process
liquids each mounted to the side of the cartridge.