Construction Revolution
Piling work with zero clearance to adjacent structures

Zero Clearance
MethodTHE FIVE CONSTRUCTION PRINCIPLES
If we analyse all the parties involved in any construction
work, we can categorise them into three main groups: theclient, the contractor and the general public. The ideal
situation is when all three parties are in agreement andsatisfied with the successful outcome of the construction
work. Problems arise when one of the parties becomes a
victim of imbalance in this relationship. The conventional
construction methods based upon principles that "more ispaid for less efficient work" are no longer appropriate topresent-day society. Universally acceptable construction
methods must embody the Five Construction Principles.

Environmental
Protection

Construction work should be environmentally friendly and freefrom pollution.

SafetyConstruction work has to be carried out in safety and comfort witha method implementing the highest safety criteria.

SpeedConstruction work should be completed in the shortest possible
period of time.

EconomyConstruction work must be done rationally with an inventive mind
to overcome all constraints at the lowest cost.

Aesthetics

Construction work must proceed smoothly and the finished productshould portray cultural and artistic flavour.

Construction Solutions Company
GIKEN LTD.

www.giken.com

Global Network : Japan, UK, Germany, USA, Singapore, China

International Business Department
3948-1 Nunoshida, Kochi-shi, Kochi 781-5195, JapanFor more contact information, please visit:

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Ver 2.0EN01 / 28 Feb 2014

Construction Revolution

Zero Clearance Method

Introduction

Contents

The Zero Clearance Method employs an especially designed press-in machine (the Zero Piler)
and Zero Sheet piles (NS-SP-J) to press-in piles with zero "dead space" between the piles andthe adjacent structure. Conventional approaches often fail to provide a solution in civilengineering works on narrow water courses, etc., or building projects requiring efficientutilization of the available land. But the Zero Clearance Method enables maximum use of thespace in a way that was not possible before.

■ Overview of Zero Clearance Method ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1■ GRB System ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 3Standard Machine Layout ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4■ Applications & Reference

Also, the machinery is compact, so it doesn't dominate the surrounding area, has no risk ofoverturning, and is very safe indeed. And by using the GRB system, which requires notemporary works, the construction time is shortened and costs are reduced. This path-breaking
method is hugely beneficial in the development of underground spaces and antiseismic
reinforcement work.

‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥
Trackside Projects ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥
Retaining Walls for Highways ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥
Architectural Bracing Projects ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥
Water Course Repair Work

5
6
7
8

■ Zero Piler
Zero Piler JZ100A ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 9
Zero Piler SCZ-ECO600S ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 10Power Unit

■ Auxiliary Equipment
Zero Clamp Crane CB1-7 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11
Reaction Stand ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11
Pile Runner PR1■ Standard Press-in Procedures
Initial Press-in ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12Standard Installation ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 12■ Installation Properties
Corner Installation ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13
Curve Installation ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13
Slope Installation ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 13■ Design and Sekisan
Standard Shapes and Cross-Sectional Performance of Zero Sheet Piles (NS-SP-J) ‥‥ 14Interlock Thread Angle ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 14‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 14
Sekisan ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 14
Range of Application of the Zero Clearance Method■ Eco-Friendly Design
Building a Wastewater Structure in a Narrow Site with the Zero Clearance Method

Exhaust Gas Cleaning Compliant with "Offroad" Law ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 15
Biodegradable Oils for Standard Specification ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 16
Meeting Ultra-Low-Noise Standards

Construction Revolution

Zero Clearance Method

Overview of Zero Clearance Method
Zero Clearance Method

The press-in machine and piles are custom-designed to achieve
zero clearance when working up against an existing structure,so efficient use can be made of limited work space

Normal Press-in Method (U Sheet Piles)
Press-in Machinefor U Sheet Piles

Zero Piler

The Zero Clearance Method uses especially designed equipment (the Zero Piler) and Zero Sheet Piles (NS-SP-J)
to insert piles with zero "dead space" between the piles and the adjacent structure.

Adjacent
Structure

Adjacent
Structure

The Superiorities of the Press-in Method
No Vibration / No NoiseNo Overturning
Zero Sheet Pile
(NS-SP-J)

Press-in Machine Light and Compact

U Sheet Pile

Min. 500-600 mm
requiredMin. 0 mm

Pile Bearing Capacity can be
Checked as Work Progresses

Min. 500-600 mm
requiredMin. 0 mm

High Working Precision
Zero Piler JZ100A

Zero Piler SCZ-ECO600S
Adjacent
Structure

Adjacent
Structure

Features of the Zero Sheet Pile (NS-SP-J)
Interlock joint on the outside means noneed to reduce cross-sectional performance because of interlock efficiency
Individual piles are very rigid andresistant to deformation, making themexcellent to work with

Schematic View of Interlock Efficiency
Zero Sheet Pile (NS-SP-J)U Sheet Pile

Soil Pressure

Soil Pressure◇ Respectful of the surrounding area
Because the Press-in Method uses static load, and the Zero Sheet Piles (NS-SP-J) all face the same way, thenit is possible to minimize the effects on the ground behind the piles when using driving assistance.

Moment of Inertia per Pile
(cm4/pile)

Interlock Position
10000

Pile Rigidity:
Equivalent to Type VL

Load

8000
6000

Load

◇ Excellent Safety with No Risk of Overturning
Because the press-in machine grips securely onto the completed piles, there is no risk of overturning.

4000◇ Outstandingly Economical

2000
0

Features of the Zero Clearance Method

NS-SP-J

TypeⅡ TypeⅢ TypeⅣ TypeⅤL TypeⅥLThe Zero Sheet Piles (NS-SP-J) have their interlock situated on the outside, which enables economical design
with no need to lower cross-sectional peformance on the grounds of interlock efficiency.

◇ Faster Completion
The Zero Sheet Piles (NS-SP-J) have an effective width of 600 mm, and when compared with 400 mm-width
sheet piles, this means fewer piles to install and shorter construction time.

Zero Clearance Method
1

Construction works can be carried out with Environmentally-friendly considerations,lower cost and shorter work duration at any work conditions.
2Construction Revolution

Zero Clearance Method

GRB System

GRB System for "Temporary Work Less" Construction

Standard Machine Layout

The GRB system applies the Press-in Principle which states that a reaction force is obtained from completed piles.
In this way, all of the steps of the process, from transporting and pitching the pile, to pressing it in, can be carriedout from a position on top of the existing piles. And since all of the equipment is self-supporting and grips onto thecompleted piles, then there is no risk of overturning, and the area affected by the works is restricted to the width ofthe machinery on the piles. Even over water, on sloping or uneven ground, in narrow spaces, or locations withrestricted headroom, the GRB system has no need for any temporary structures, like platforms or roadways, andcan focus efficiently on the purpose of the project - building the main structure.

GRB System Working Layout▼ Plan View
Adjacent Structure

Zero Sheet Pile（NS-SP-J
NS-SP-J）
Pile Runner

Zero Piler

Track Rails

Zero Clamp Crane

Datum Line

Zero Sheet Pile
Power Unit

（NS-SP-J（NS-SP-J）
NS-SP-J）
Zero Sheet Pile
（NS-SP-J)

Zero Clamp Crane(Pitches the Pile)

Zero Piler(Presses in Pile)

Adjacent Structure

Crane

Pile Runner(Transports Piles)

Adjacent Structure▼ Side View
Adjacent Structure
Zero Clamp Crane

Crane

Zero Sheet Pile（NS-SP-J）
NS-SP-J
Pile Runner

Zero Piler

TrenchExcavated
500mm

Track Rails

Zero Piler

Adjacent
Structure3

Zero Clamp Crane

Adjacent
Structure

Pile Runner

Adjacent
Structure4

Construction Revolution

Zero Clearance Method

Applications & Reference

Water Course Repair Work
Zero Clearance Method

Trackside Projects

Conventional Method(Press-in Machine for U Sheet Piles)

200 mmor greater

Min. 700-800 mm
requiredA space of just 200 mm (the wall thickness)
between the existing water course and the
adjoining boundary is sufficient to allow
construction.

The existing water course is demolished anda simple temporary wall, etc., is required.

The Zero Piler can install piles withzero dead space to adjacent structures, and provided that there is atleast a space corresponding the pilewall thickness (200 mm) between
the existing water course and the
adjoining boundary, the equipment
is capable of working safely without
interrupting ongoing activites andfunctions, even in narrow sites
where conventional methods are
not applicable.

River Restoration Project to Repair Earthquake Damage, Soeyamafurukawa
Reference

Zero Clearance Method

Conventional Method(Press-in Machine for U Sheet Piles)

Train Safety Gauge

Train Safety Gauge

Projected Foundations

Projected Foundations

Construction is possible without encroaching
into the safety gauge of the trains. No need to
set up and dismantle equipment every day.

The equipment encroaches into the safety
gauge, so construction is limited to nighttimes and equipment must be assembled
and dismantled every day.

The Zero Piler is capable of working
safely in strict observance ofbuilding restrictions, and respects
the train safety gauge at all times.
The machinery does not have to beassembled and removed every day,there is no impact on railway
operations, and the construction
time can be made much shorter.

Hokkaido

Hokkaido
River Restoration Project to Repair Earthquake Damage, SoeyamafurukawaIbaragi Prefecture

An extremely safe construction process, minimizing the gap to the houses and making efficient use of the available
ground.

Reference

No. 1 Shimounabara B Reconstruction Project between Nonai and Yadamae on the Tohoku Main Line
AomoriPrefecture
Ibaragi
Prefecture

Piles could be built close alongside the tracks during train operating hours, without any effect on traffic, resulting inmuch faster completion.
Pile Auger

Existing Telegraph Pole
(Joint Use)
309

Existing
Retaining Wall

Zero Sheet Pile
L=6.5 mHouse

Zero Piler

Course of Tohoku
Main Line

500

House

Super Crush Zero Piler

D.H.W.L

G.L

Planned Height ofRiver Bottom

Zero Sheet Pile
L=16.0 m

Scour Depth

56Construction Revolution

Zero Clearance Method

Applications & Reference

Retaining Walls for Highways
Zero Clearance Method

Architectural Bracing Projects
The compact Zero Piler and thespecial piles used minimize theeffects on the surrounding area andmake it possible to constructretaining walls for roads alongsideresidential dwellings.

Conventional Method(Press-in Machine for U Sheet Piles)

200 mmor greater

Min. 700-800 mm
requiredA space of just 200 mm (the wall thickness)
between the existing roadway and the
adjoining boundary is sufficient to allow
construction.

The existing roadway is partly demolishedand a simple temporary wall, etc., is required.

Zero Clearance Method

Conventional Method(Three-Point Pile Driver)

200 mmThe Zero Clearance Method iscompact and safe, and permits
highly efficient work in sites with very
restricted lateral space. Using theZero Sheet Piles helps to minimize
the thickness of the retaining wall, sothat the available building land canbe used to the maximum.

650-800 mm

Maximum use can be made of the available
land. (With a 20 m x 20 m plot of land, theavailable surface area is increased byabout 10%.)Distancing from adjacent structure isinevitable, so the surface area available forbuilding is reduced.

New Construction, Mitsui Life Matsue Building
ReferenceSpecific Country Road Repair Works, Road Improvements on Urban Stretch between Shimbashi and Mure Yamaguchi Prefecture

Retaining wall built with minimum clearance between sheet piles and adjacent structure. Safe and compact
machinery means that work is completed without having to demolish nearby structures.

Reference

New Construction, Mitsui Life Matsue Building

Shimane Prefecture

Achieving zero clearance to the adjacent structure makes more land available for building Project completed withno effects on the surrounding area.

Zero Piler
Adjacent
Structure+15.551660

RWL +15.00

2.85 mExcavation
Depth

150

Adjacent
Structure

LWL+13.896500

Zero Sheet Pile
L=9.0 mBefore Work

Completed Project
Zero Sheet Pile
L=6.5 m7

8

Construction Revolution

Zero Clearance Method

Zero Piler
Zero Piler JZ100A (Standard / Water Jetting Mode Compatible)

Zero Piler SCZ-ECO600S (Standard / Water Jetting / Hard Ground Mode Compatible)■ Super Crush Mode
Press-in Machine Main Body

980 kN

Press-in Force

770 kN

Stroke700 mmStroke1000 mmPower Unit

EU200I3

Mass

7900 kg

1130

880

Press-in Machine Main Body
Press-in ForcePower Unit
Auger Motor
Mass

2710

Zero Sheet Pile (NS-SP-J)
600 mm Width
Pile Auger

12440 kg

4-Clamp12840 kgCompatible Piles
1610

Compatible Piles

EU300G3

3-Clamp

Zero Sheet Pile (NS-SP-J)
600 mm Width

Pile Auger PA17
Max. Length 18 m

Auger Motor

760 kgCasing Auger

5980 kg (for 18 m)

25600 (for 18m)

4220
2860

6740 kg
Hose Reel HR12

Mass

1500 kg
Piler Jet Reel JR27

Compatible Pile
LengthStandard 17 m
(Max. Length 27 m)

Mass

780 kg410 505

23500

2295

Total Mass

400 395

Max. 2985

Mass

Power Unit
EU200I3
ModelPower Source

4150

1800

EU200 I 3
Diesel engine

2840* Three clamps used for adjacent piling and four clamps used for normal work.

195 kW / 1800min-1

Rated
Output Eco Mode173 kW / 1600min-1

Fuel Tank Capacity

400 L

Hydraulic Oil Tank Capacity

490 L

Travel Speed

1.4 km/h

Mass

6800 kg■ Water Jetting Mode
Piler Jet Reel

2015

EU300G3
Washing Apparatus

2350

Power Source

4715

2075

EU300G3
Diesel engine
230 kW / 1800min-1

Rated Power Mode
Output Eco Mode

204 kW / 1600min-1

Fuel Tank Capacity

500 L

Hydraulic Oil Tank Capacity

630 L

Travel Speed

1.4 km/h

Mass

8250 kg

MAX 4340

Model

1800

Press-in Machine Main Body
Hoisting Position

1170

Jet Reel
Hose Roller

1960

2110

■ Standard Press-in
Hose in Deployed Position

MAX 3760

2350

Power Mode2110

* Piler Jet Reel optional.
* Product specifications may be changed without prior notice.

9

Compatible Pile Length

Casing Auger

Hose Reel* Product specifications may be changed without prior notice.

10

Auxiliary Equipment

Standard Press-in
Procedure

Zero Clamp Crane CB1-7

Initial Press-in

810

Model

CB1-7

Crane Power

Construction Revolution

Zero Clearance Method

Zero Piler

2.93 ton × 4.5 m

Max. Working Radius

12.0 mCompatible Piles

Zero Sheet Pile (NS-SP-J)U Sheet Pile 400-600 Pitch
Hat Sheet Pile 900 Pitch
Concrete Sheet Pile KF100-150H

Chuck

Counter Weight

2475

Reaction Stand

4500 kg

410

Mass

Pitch a Zero Sheet Pilein thePress-in Zero Sheet Pileto

1 on the press-in line, and install the

Set the Reaction Stand hoizontally

2 Chuck, check the verticality and3 prescribed height and press-in Zero

Zero Piler and then the Counter
Weight.

alignment, and start press-in.

Sheet Pile to a position whichallows safe self-moving.
The Zero Piler then self-moves.

5610

Pile Runner PR1
Rail Support Section

770

2150
Track Rail(Type Ⅱ Sheet Pile)
Rail Support

670

472

Press-in Zero Sheet Pile

4 prescribed height.

920

Press-in three piles by this same

5 procedure.

Remove the counter weight and the

6 Reaction Stand. Installation of initial
reaction sheet piles completed.

Model

PR1

Carrying Capacity

5.0 t

Towing Rig

645 kgCarriage

140 kgMass

until theTotal Mass

Standard Installation

785 kgZero Piler

Compatible Piles

Zero Sheet Pile (NS-SP-J)U Sheet Pile 400-600 Pitch
Hat Sheet Pile 900 Pitch
Concrete Sheet Pile KF100-150H

Chuck

Reaction Stand(A)

Pitch the Zero Sheet Pile and grip

Model

④ ③

②
①

For JZ100AFor SCZ-ECO600S① Total Length5720 mm

5670 mm② Total Length (Arm Folded)

3450 mm4000 mm③ Total Width4310 mm4260 mm④ Total Width (Arm Folded)

1970 mm

1920 mm⑤ Total Height

414 mm

512 mmMass

1600 kg

2100 kg

1 with the chuck.

Check verticality and alignment,

2 and then start press-in work.

Press in Zero Sheet Pile (A) until

3 bearing capacity is achieved.

Clamp
Datum Level(A)⑤

4 Open clamp and start self-moving.

5 Close clamp and end self-moving.

Press in Zero Sheet Pile (A) to

6 datum level. Pile complete.

* Product specifications may be changed without prior notice.

1112

Construction Revolution

Zero Clearance Method

Installation Properties

Design and Sekisan

Corner Installation

Standard Shapes and Cross-Sectional Performance of Zero Sheet Piles (NS-SP-J)

Specifications vary with the site conditions, so check withthe manufacturer, Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal Corp.,
for details about models and thread conditions.

* "NS-SP-J" is a Sheet Pile made by Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal.

Site Condition B:
Installation of sacrificial pile
possible

Site Condition C:
Hoisting and sacrificial pile
both impossible

Approved by Ministry of Land Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MSTL-0148).

②

③

①

②

③

④

Ａ

①

②

③

④

①

②

③

④

Per Metre of Wall

Effective
Width

Height * Thickness

W (mm)

h (mm)t (mm)

Cross- Moment of Section Unit Mass Cross- Moment of Section Unit Masssectional
Inertia
Modulussectional
Inertia
Modulus
Area
Area
(cm2)
(cm3)
(cm4)
(kg/m)(cm4/m)(cm3/m)(kg/m2)(cm2/m)

600

200

13.0

111.2

7250

705

87.3

185.3

12090

1175

145

SP-Ⅲ

400

125

13.0

76.42

2220

223

60.0

191.0

16800

1340

150

SP-Ⅳ

400

170

15.5

96.99

4670

362

76.1

242.5

38600

2270

190

h

①

Per Pile

Dimensionst

Site Condition A:
Hoisting possible

NS-SP-JW
Reference
Clamp
Position* Indicates effective height in the case of U Sheet Piles (Wall Thickness = Effective Height x 2)

Interlock Thread Angle
The press-in machine main
body can press in up to threepiles in the positions shown
above. A fourth pile requires
various approaches, depending on the site conditions A-C.

The press-in machine ishoisted and moved to theindicated position by crane,
and then presses in the
fourth pile.

One sacrificial pile A ispressed in on the opposite
side to the piling direction, sothat Clamp No. 3 can grip
this pile A when self-moving.
After moving, the fourth pileis pressed in.

The press-in machine isinstalled on the Reaction
Stand, and the fourth pile ispressed in.
4゜
4゜* NS-SP-J piles can be threaded with U Sheet Piles.

Curve Installation

Range of Application of the Zero Clearance Method
Press-in

Water Jetting Mode
(Using 1 Unit)

Water Jetting Mode
(Using 2 Units)

Press-in with thePile Augermm

Max. SPT-N Value

Nmax≦20

20＜Nmax≦40

40＜Nmax≦50

50<Nmax≦180

Compatible Model

4°

Type of Work
R 86004°Inward Curve

JZ100A / SCZ-ECO600S

SCZ-ECO600S

R 86

00 m

m

Outward Curve

Sekisan
The technical data published by the Japan Press-in Association can be applied to the Zero Clearance Method.

Slope Installation
Downward Gradient

30 mm or less

50 mm or less

Upward GradientStandard technical data can be downloaded from the Association's website.

http://www.atsunyu.gr.jp
1314

Construction Revolution

Zero Clearance Method

Eco-Friendly Design
Exhaust Gas Cleaning Compliant with "Offroad" Law
The SCZ-ECO600S Power Unit is equipped with a
new-generation environmentally friendly engine. The
high combustion efficiency, allied with Giken's
independent hydraulic control technology, meansthat exhaust gases are cleaned thoroughly andeffectively, and the equipment complies with the"Off-Road" Law regulating work vehicle emissionsand Level 3 of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism's exhaust gas measures forconstruction machinery.

Biodegradable Oils for Standard Specification
The press-in machinery uses special biodegradable hydraulic oil (Piler Eco Oil) and grease (Piler Eco Grease)developed by Giken in collaboration with oil manufacturers. In the event of any escape into the water or soil, the oiland grease is decomposed by natural bacteria and has no effect on the ecosystem.

Biodegradable Oil Usage
Indicator Sticker

No need to worry about contamination when working at river, canal and ocean.

The Piler Eco Oil and Piler Eco Grease have been
approved with the Eco Mark by the Japan Environment Association.

Meeting Ultra-Low-Noise Standards
Their biodegradability has been certified by biodegradability test.
The Power Unit also meets the "ultra-low-noise standards" set by the MLIT.
25 C
Sound Pressure Level (LA)-Acoustic Power Level (LwA)

72-104 *Low Noise Standard

CO2

71

O2

Specimenmaterial
100 mg/L
Activatedsludge70 Noisy Office

Result

Biodegradability test: OECD*1 301CO2

CO2 absorbent

69 Normal Driveway

Activated sludge was used as microorganism
source. Biochemical oxygen consumption(BOD) of specimen material (Piler Eco Oil &Piler Eco Grease 100mg/L) was continuously
assayed by automatic assay system to valuate
biodegradability (percentage of volume ofdegrade into carbon dioxide and water) after
28 days.

Piler Eco Oil
Degraded 77.2%
Meet the standard
Piler Eco Grease
Degraded 66.2%
Meet the standard

68
After 28 days (Required more than 60% degraded.)

67 Phone Ring

Eventually 100% will degraded. Time differs from conditions for 100% degrade.

66-98 *Ultra Low Noise Standard
65 In Shopping Mall

-2 dB(A)Avirulence is certified by Fish Toxicity Test.

64 Power Unit
24 C

63
62 Daytime Industrial Area

Noise Measurement in progressThis test is carried out to investigate thesurvival rate of 10 killifishes within 4 days in
the water contains specimen material
100mg/L.

61dB(A)60 Normal Conversation (1m)Experimental section

MLIT low-noise standard applicable to the Silent Piler is 104 dB(A) in terms of* The
the acoustic power level of the sound source (LwA), and the ultra-low-noise
standard is 98 dB(A). Converted to a noise (sound pressure) level (LA) at 16-m
distance, for the purpose of comparison, the low-noise standard is equivalent to 72
dB(A) and the ultra-low-noise standard, 66 dB(A).

15

ResultAcute Toxicity Test: JIS*2 K 0102

Piler Eco Oil
100% alive
Meet the standard
Piler Eco Grease
100% alive
Meet the standard

After 4 days (Survival rate needs to be more than 50%)
*1: The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Standards. *2: Japan Industrial Standards.

16

Construction Revolution
Piling work with zero clearance to adjacent structures

Zero Clearance
MethodTHE FIVE CONSTRUCTION PRINCIPLES
If we analyse all the parties involved in any construction
work, we can categorise them into three main groups: theclient, the contractor and the general public. The ideal
situation is when all three parties are in agreement andsatisfied with the successful outcome of the construction
work. Problems arise when one of the parties becomes a
victim of imbalance in this relationship. The conventional
construction methods based upon principles that "more ispaid for less efficient work" are no longer appropriate topresent-day society. Universally acceptable construction
methods must embody the Five Construction Principles.

Environmental
Protection

Construction work should be environmentally friendly and freefrom pollution.

SafetyConstruction work has to be carried out in safety and comfort witha method implementing the highest safety criteria.

SpeedConstruction work should be completed in the shortest possible
period of time.

EconomyConstruction work must be done rationally with an inventive mind
to overcome all constraints at the lowest cost.

Aesthetics

Construction work must proceed smoothly and the finished productshould portray cultural and artistic flavour.

Construction Solutions Company
GIKEN LTD.

www.giken.com

Global Network : Japan, UK, Germany, USA, Singapore, China

International Business Department
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