Proc. of 17th Int. Display Workshop (IDW '10), vol. 2, Fukuoka, pp.1333-1334(2010.12.2).

Impact of Spatial 3D Imaging by Extremely High-Definition
Computational Holography— Wave-Field Oriented 3D imaging —Kyoji Matsushima, Hirohito Nishi, Yasuaki Arima, Kentaro Higashi, Masaki Nakamura,
Sumio Nakahara*
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Kansai University,* Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kansai University
3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, JapanABSTRACT
Spatial 3D images created by high-definition computationalholography are actually demonstrated. The demonstrated 3Dimages are static images at this stage. However, these presage
the great future of 3D displays beyond the Super Hi-Visionbecause of its strong sensation of depth, which never has beencaused by conventional 3D systems.
1. INTRODUCTION
Spatial 3D images reconstructed by full-parallax
computational holography are completely different from that ofconventional 3D systems that provide only binocular disparity.
Computational holography, usually called Computer-Generated
Hologram (CGH), is sometimes expressed as an ideal 3Dtechnology. However, CGHs had been just the subject ofacademic research for a long time and could not produce fine 3D
images with a large sensation of depth.
In computational holography, a fine 3D image commonly
requires a large viewing-zone and image size. Both of them leadto a large pixel size. However, conventional “ray-oriented”
point-based methods are much time-consuming and ineffective
for creating occluded 3D scene in full-parallax. To get over thelimits, the “wave-field oriented” polygon-based method has
been proposed for reconstructing 3D surface-modeled object
and deep 3D scenes [1, 2].
Some CGH works created by using this new technology aredemonstrated as static 3D images. These are not motion picturesat this stage, because the pixel size is too large to display themusing electro-holography by currently available devices.
However, the created spatial images presage the great future of
3D display by holography, which will be realized far beyond theSuper Hi-Vision. This article is closely connected with the paperin the session of 3D1 [3].

2. SOME CGH WORKS
The parameters of some major holograms, produced as thepolygon-based high-definition CGH (PBHD-CGH), aresummarized in Table 1. These holograms have their own nameas is an artistic work, for example “The Venus”. The Venus
has pixels sizes of 64K64K, where 1K = 1024. The total
number of pixels reaches to 4 G pixels. Another CGH, forexample “Aqua 2”, is bigger than The Venus; the pixel size is8 G pixels. The angle of the viewing zone, determined by thepixel pitches, is also indicated in Table 1. Note that thecomputation time is measured in a PC with CPUs of Xeon
E7330 (2.4 GHz, Quad core) 4 and memory of 96 G Bytes.
2.1 The Venus [2]The first PBHD-CGH is named The Venus, because the 3D
object is similar to the famous statue of the Venus de Milo.
The 3D scene is composed of two objects, as shown in Fig 1.
The one is the 3D object calculated the polygon-based method,another is a background image referred to as the wallpaper.
The computation time was reported approximately 45 h
measured by an old PC and implement of the polygon-based
method [2], but the new PC and improved program, currently
used, reduces the computation time up to 10.1 h. Optical
6.5
6.5

Wallpaper(2D image)

Venus statue

6.5

5.8

15
Units: cm

6.5

Hologram

15

Fig. 1 The 3D scene of “The Venus”

Table 1 Major parameters of CGH works
The Venus*** [2]Moai I/II*** [4]Aqua 2The moon [6, 8]

Number of pixels[pixels]
65,53665,536
65,53665,536
131,07265,536
131,07265,536
Pixel pitches[m]
1.01.0
1.01.0
0.81.0
0.81.0
Angle of viewing zone
[deg]
3735
3737
4637
4637
Number of objects2310301**
Total number of polygons*
718
24404200
800
Computation time[h]
10.1
27.3
35.5
32.8
* Front face only ** 1 sphere + 300 point sources *** The mesh data for the Venus and moai objects are provided courtesy of INRIA andYutaka_Ohtake by the AIM@SHAPE Shape Repository, respectively.

(a)(a) Left(b) HighFig. 2 Optical reconstruction of “The Venus”
Photographs are taken from different angles.
reconstruction of The Venus is shown in Fig. 2.
2.2 Moai I and II [4]These holograms are composed of the same objects.
However, the Moai I has the deeper 3D scene because of aconstraint imposed by the Shifted-Fresnel method used fornumerical propagation. Since the 3D scene is too deep to view
through the window of the CGH by both eyes, the improved
CGH, Moai II is created by using the shifted angular spectrum
method [5] that is newly developed for PBHD-CGHs. The
optical reconstruction and 3D scene are shown in Fig. 3 and 4.
2.3 Aqua 2
The Aqua 2 is created for demonstrating new algorithm forreduction of the computation time in sparse 3D scenes [6]. The
sparse 3D scene is the scene composed of many small objects, as
shown in Fig. 5. In this case, the silhouette method [7] used forlight-shielding requires the same number of calculations ofpropagation as the objects and thus the long computation time.
The new algorithm based on Babinet’s low and partial field
propagation speed up the computation. (See [3] for opticalreconstruction)
2.4 The Moon [8]This hologram is created for demonstrating the newtechnique of texture-mapping similar to that used inconventional computer graphics. The object of the moon is
produced by mapping an astrophotograph to the surface of asphere formed by polygons, as shown in Fig. 6. Furthermore, thebackground stars are produced by point sources. In the sense,
this CGH is a hybrid of polygon- and point-based methods. (See[3] for optical reconstruction)
3 CONCLUSION
Some PBHD-CGHs are actually demonstrated. These CGHs
give an impact to viewers owing to their strong sensation ofdepth and reality [9, 10].
This work was supported by the JSPS.KAKENHI(21500114).
REFERENCES[1] K. Matsushima, “Computer-generated holograms forthree-dimensional surface objects with shade and texture,”
Appl. Opt. 44, 4607-4614 (2005).
[2] K. Matsushima and S. Nakahara, “Extremely highdefinition full-parallax computer-generated hologram
created by the polygon-based method,” Appl. Opt. 48,
H54-H63 (2009)[3] K. Matsushima: “Spatial imaging based on extremelyhigh-definition computational holography,” The 7th Intl.

(b)

Fig. 3 Optical reconstruction of “Moai II”
The camera is focused on the near moai (a) and the far moai (b).

Wallpaper
Hologram
107Units: cm
13Fig.4 The 3D scene of “Moai II”

Hologram2222 32
Units: cm22210
Fig. 5 The 3D scene of “Aqua 2”

Domain of point sources(Background stars)
Texture-mappedsphere

15

5.5

HologramUnits: cm
Fig. 6 The 3D scene of “The moon”
Display Workshops (IDW ’10), 3D1-1(2010).
[4] K. Matsushima, S. Nakahara: High-definition fullparallax CGHs created by using the polygon-based
method and the shifted angular spectrum method, SPIE
#7619, 761913-761921 (2010).
[5] K. Matsushima, “Shifted angular spectrum method foroff-axis numerical propagation,” Opt. Express 18,18453-18463 (2010).
[6] K. Matsushima, M. Nakamura, S. Nakahara: “Noveltechniques introduced into polygon-based highdefinition CGHs,” Digital Holography and ThreeDimensional Imaging 2010, Miami, JMA10 (2010).
[7] K. Matsushima, A. Kondoh: “A wave Optical Algorithm
for hidden-surface removal in digitally synthetic fullparallax holograms for three-dimensional objects,” SPIE
#5290, 90-97(2004).
[8] K. Matsushima: “Wave-field rendering in computationalholography,” 9th IEEE/ACIS Intl. Conf. on Computerand Information Science, Yamagata, 846-851(2010).
[9] K. Matsushima, M. Nakamura, S. Nakahara, I. Kanaya,“Computational holography: Real 3D by fast wave-field
rendering in ultra-high resolution,” SIGGRAPH 2010,
Los Angeles, 77B (2010).
[10] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdOveIue3sc