28
Medical and Life Science Seminar FY2016
The Graduate School of Medical Sciences
Training and Educational Programfor Eradication of AIDS Course
Practice on AIDS VI

The 13th IRCMS Seminar

Immunogenetic variation that
impacts human health anddisease: a tricky balancing act
Dr. Mary Carrington, Ph.D.
Senior Investigator,Cancer and Inflammation Program,Center for Cancer Research,
National Cancer Institute, NIH

Date: Friday, April 1, 2016
Time: 15:00 - 16:00
Venue: 2F Seminar Room,
Center for AIDS Research (CAIDS)
Summary:
Variation in the HLA class I and II genes has the greatest
influence genome-wide on outcome of many diseases, including HIV
infection. The benefits of a protective variant against one disease
can increase the risk of another. Allelic effects of the HLA class I
and II genes on disease protection/susceptibility have beenthoroughly documented over decades, but more recently it has
become evident that other polymorphisms within the region also
contribute to disease outcome, such as those involved in innate
receptor recognition and regulation of cell surface expression levels.
I will describe the effects of variation within and near the HLA class
I genes on various diseases, concentration on HIV disease. Three
examples of opposing effects will be presented: HLA-B*57, which isan allele of the highly polymorphic HLA-B gene that confers
protection against HIV-1, but associates with risk of psoriasis andabacavir hypersensitivity; variants determing HLA-C expression
levels, where high expression associates with protection against
HIV-1, but risk ofDisease and graft vs. host disease; andKiller cell immunoglobulin-like receptor gene variation that protects
against KSHV infection, but increases risk ofsarcoma.
Inquiries;
Organized by;International Research Center
Professor Masafumi Takiguchi
for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)
Takiguchi Project Laboratory
TEL 096-373-6847
Center for AIDS research
Email ircms@jimu.kumamoto-u.ac.jp
Email masafumi@kumamoto-u.ac.jp

28
Medical and Life Science Seminar FY2016
The Graduate School of Medical Sciences
Training and Educational Programfor Eradication of AIDS Course
Practice on AIDS VI

The 14th IRCMS Seminar

New insights into protective
immunity in infant HIV-1
and adult HIV-2 infection
Professor Sarah L Rowland-Jones,
M.D., Ph.D.

Nuffield Department of Medicine,
University of OxfordSummary:

Date: Friday, April 1, 2016
Time: 16:10 - 17:10
Venue: 2F Seminar Room,Center for AIDS Research (CAIDS)

Progress towards an effective vaccine against HIV has beenhampered by a limited understanding of protective immunity
towards the virus. We have studied HIV-2 infection as a model for
effective control of HIV in humans: whilst HIV-2 can cause AIDS
that is clinically indistinguishable from HIV-1, up to 40% of
infected people maintain long-term viral control and have anormal life expectancy. I will present recent data about the T-cell
response to HIV-2 in viral controllers and also discuss the role ofhost restriction factors from the TRIM family of proteins in HIV-2
infection. Infants with untreated HIV infection progress rapidly
and 50% will die by the age of 2 years, which has led to speculationthat the T-cell response to HIV is functionally impaired in infants.
Recent data on viral evolution from a historic cohort of HIV+
mother-infant pairs will be presented that shows that T-cell
responses exert selection pressure on the virus from early ininfection, but this only occurs in infants with little evidence ofimmune suppression.
Organized by;Professor Masafumi Takiguchi
Takiguchi Project Laboratory
Center for AIDS research
Email masafumi@kumamoto-u.ac.jp

Inquiries;
International Research Center
for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)
TEL 096-373-6847
Email ircms@jimu.kumamoto-u.ac.jp