Data 1 Budget for FY2020(1) National Budget(unit: billion yen)

National Debt Service:
23,351.5(23.1%)

Others:9,947.9(9.9%) [16.1%]

Local Allocation Tax
Grants, etc.:
15,809.3(15.7%)
Ministry Education, Culture,
Sports, Science and Technology:
5,306.0(5.3%) [8.6%]

General Expenditure:
61,718.4(61.2%) [100.0%]
Ministry of Health,Labour and Welfare:
32,986.1(32.7%) [53.4%]

Ministry of Agriculture,
Forestry and Fisheries: 2,137.0(2.1%)[3.5%]
Ministry of Defense: 5,262.5(5.2%) [8.5%]* 1. ( ) Ratio in proportion to the nation's entire budget
2. [ ] Ratio in proportion to general expenditure
3. Excluding the amount of budget for temporary and special measures

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism: 6,078.8(6.0%) [9.8%](2) Contents of MEXT General Budget
Management expenses for National Institute ofTechnology: 62.3(1.2%)
National university corporation facility
expenses: 36.1(0.7%)[43.0]*5(unit: billion yen)

Purchase of school textbooks: 46.0(0.9%)
Exchange student expenses: 35.3 (0.7%)
Sports-related expenses*4: 35.1 (0.6%)
Other education-related expenses (lifelong learning expenses, etc.):
143.9 (2.7%) [9.0]*5
Personnel expenses, etc.: 236.6 (4.5%)

Public school facility expenses:
69.5(1.3%)[47.0]*5
Scholarship programs:
102.0(1.9%)
Culture and arts expenses:
106.7(2.0%)

National treasury's
share of compulsory
education expenses:
1,522.1 (28.7%)
Science andtechnology
promotion: 976.2(18.4%)[5.9] *5

Grants for private schools*4:
409.4 (7.7%) [4.3] *5

Classification
MEXTGeneral
Budget5,306.0(100%)
Tuition support
for high school
students: 448.7(8.5%)
Management expenses
grants for national
university corporations:
1,080.7 (20.4%)

Budget for Budget for
Increase/Decrease
FY2019FY20205,306.2*1

5,306.0*2*3-0.2[Budgets requested by other ministries and agencies]
Cabinet Office General Budget:
Part of the expenses for free early childhood education and care (341 billionyen); Expenses for the new academic support system for higher education(488.2 billion yen)Japan Tourism Agency General Budget: Expenses for project to allocate funds from the international tourist tax(9.8 billion yen)
*1*2*3*4*526The figure after re-budgeting due to the launch of free early childhood education and care
When including the budget transferred to the new Comprehensive Support System for Children andChild-rearing, 5,307.2 billion yen (up by 1 billion yen from the previous year).
For temporary and special measures (relating to measures for disaster prevention/mitigation and nationalresilience), 109.2 billion yen is separately recorded.
Grants for private schools and sports-related expenses include duplication.
For reference, the amounts for temporary and special measures are indicated in square parentheses asfigures not included.

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

Data 2 Japanese School Systems
AgeSchool Year
Preschool
Education

Elementary School Education

Secondary School Education

Higher Education
Correspondence
CourseSecondary School(Early Course) (Later Course)
Part-time Course-timeCorrespondence
CourseUniversity(Faculties)

Graduate School
Professional Graduate
SchoolIntegrated
Centers for
Early
Childhood
Educationand Care＊

Professional andVocational University
Professional andVocational JuniorCollege

Elementary School

Lower
SecondarySchool

Upper
SecondarySchool

JuniorCollege＊＊

Correspondence
CoursePost-secondary
Course inSpecialized
Training College＊

Kindergarten

Part-time Course＊CorrespondenceCourse＊

College of Technology

Compulsory Education School(Early Course)

Upper
SecondaryCourse inSpecialized
TrainingCollege＊(Later Course)
General Course in Specialized
Training CollegeMiscellaneous School

Kindergarten
Department

Elementary Department

Lower
SecondaryDepartment

Upper
SecondaryDepartment

School for Special
Needs Education＊
Compulsory education
School Year

Age(Notes)(1) An asterisk (*) indicates advanced courses.
(2) Upper secondary schools, later courses of secondary schools, universities, junior colleges and upper secondary departments of schools for
special needs education may have an additional course running for at least one year.
(3) An integrated center for early childhood education and care is both a school and child welfare facility and admits children who are up to twoyears old.
(4) The general courses at specialized training colleges and miscellaneous schools do not have standardized age or other qualification requirements for admission.

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

27

Data 3 Composition of total public expenditure on education as a percentage of
total government expenditure (2017)
Direct public expenditure on
educational institutions（％）
20

Public transfers and payments to thenon-educational private sector

Total public expenditure on education as apercentage of total government expenditure

15105

Colombia*1
PolandLatviaLithuania
Germany
Slovenia
Russian Federation
Spain
FranceCzech Republic
Slovak RepublicJapan
Hungary
Luxembourg
Italy
GreeceCanada*2
Belgium
OECD average
Estonia
Finland
Portugal
Austria
EU23 average

Costa Rica*1
IsraelKorea
IrelandDenmark
Australia
NorwayUnited Kingdom
Argentina
United States
TurkeySwedenNetherlands

ChileSouth Africa
MexicoBrazilSwitzerland
New ZealandIceland

0*1 Year of reference 2018.
*2 Primary education includes pre-primary
programmes.
Source) OECD "Education at a Glance 2020"

Data 4 Trends in Science and Technology Budget per Country Based on FY2000
as 100(Indices; Comparison in respective countries' currencies)
1800

1600

Japan

United States

Germany

FranceUnited
Kingdom

China

China (2018):
1,653.6

South Korea

1400
1200

1000

800

600

South Korea(2018): 526.7
Germany (2019): 206.3
United States (2019): 203.6
United Kingdom (2018): 180.1

400

200

Japan (2019): 135.5
France (2018): 100.8

0
2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

(FY)

(Notes)(1) Values are calculated based on FY2000 Science and Technology Budgets in respective countries' currencies as 100.
(2) Japan changed the budget coverage in FY2001 in light of the formulation of the Science and Technology Basic Plan.
(3) Values for FY2019 for the United States and Germany are provisional.
(Sources) Japan: prepared by MEXT based on the data of the Cabinet Office
Other countries: prepared by MEXT based on the "Japanese Science and Technology Indicators 2020" of the National Instituteof Science and Technology Policy, MEXT

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Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

Data 5 Number of Schools, Students and Teachers (As of May 1, 2019)
Number of Schools
10,070Kindergartens
Integrated Centers for
Early Childhood
Education and Care

1,145,576

5,276

93,579695,214

109,515

19,738Elementary Schools
Lower SecondarySchools

6,368,550

10,222Compulsory
Education Schools

Number of Full-Time
Teachers

Number of Students

421,935

3,218,137

94

246,825

40,747Upper Secondary
Schools

3,520

4,887

3,168,369

231,319

Secondary Schools

54

32,153

Schools for Special
Needs Education

1,146

144,434

Colleges ofTechnology

57

57,124

4,169

Junior Colleges

326

113,013

7,440

Universities

786

Specialized Training
Colleges, Miscellaneous
Schools

2,642
85,3362,918,668
4,256

187,862776,61349,925*Additionally, there are correspondence schools for upper secondary schools, universities and junior colleges.
Sources: MEXT, School Basic Survey (FY2019)

Data 6 Transition of Population of 18-years-olds and percentages of entering higher education institutions●Population of 18-year-olds = Number of lower secondary school graduates and students completing early course for secondary school from three years ago
Entrance rate 1 = Number of university, junior college and post-secondary course in specialized training college entrants,and students enrolled in the 4th year of colleges of technology
Population of 18-year-olds● Entrance rate 2 = Number of university and junior college entrants for the fiscal year
Population of 18-year-olds○
Number of upper secondary school graduates = Number of upper secondary school graduates and students completing later course of secondary school249○ Ratio of applicants enrolled in school = Number of upper secondary school graduates for the fiscal year243
The population of 18-year-olds nearly leveled off between 2009 and 2020, but it is expected towho submitted applications to universities or junior colleges
decrease again from around 2021 to reach as low as approximately 0.88 million in 2040.
Number of upper secondary school graduates for the fiscal year236
○ Capacity = Number of university and junior college entrants for the fiscal year
(Only students who passed their entrance exams on the first try)
Capacity
Number of university and junior college applicants for the fiscal year
88.8%
University: 88.0%(Only applicants still enrolled in school)
Junior college: 98.3%
213●(10,000 people)
250

200

200

201

197

195

195
185

185
177

174

172
167
162

162
156

160 160154

158 156 158

161

140 139140
136

132 133

138 140177

156 162

142

145

186
177

180 181
176

170

152

150

140

198

188 188

168

164

Population of 18-year-olds

156

150

Entrance rate 1
82.8%
University: 53.7%
Junior college: 4.4%
College of technology: 0.9%
post-secondary course in specialized
training college: 23.8%

204 205

193

190

70%
168
162

159

155
155

151 151 150

150

148

Ratio of applicants enrolled in school
61.2%
University: 56.8%

146
137

136

133 133 132

100

102
93

96

upper secondary school graduates and students
completing later course of secondary school
36 36 34 34 34
3599872729

31

34

25
15 18 18 19 20 20

22 22

21550

114 566 621 22
16 18 20013 1312 131414151617 17 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 1721

22 22 23

24

25

29 31

41 42 42 43 43 41 41 41 41 42 42 41 44

120

117

119

123
118

120 119 12050%
118 117 117

114

115
109

33

121 122 120

107 107 106 106

109

105

107 106 107 106 106

112

110

106

109 109 108

107 107

105

103

32

31 31 orSpecialized training college
31 33 34
34 33
post-secondary course entrants
30 28
27 26 in27the 4thStudents
27 27of27 28
25 25 enrolled26
26 27 year
college of technology
25 25 24 23

22 21 19 17

14 13 entrants
12 11
Junior college
11 10 9 898 97

101

98

96

40%
9391

90 88

30%

8 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 520%

838 3933 33 33 36

25130
124

124
116

133

128

60%

Junior college: 4.4%
Entrance rate 2
58.1%
University: 53.7%
Junior college: 4.4%

141

144
137

134 133 133

90%

80%

173

166

165 165100%

47 47 48 49

52 54 55

56 57 58 59 59 59

60 60 61 60 60 60 60 61 61 61 62 61 61 61 61 62 62 63 63 63

10%

University entrants

0%19601970

1980

1990

2000

2010

2020

2030

2040

Source: MEXT School Basic Survey
The data of FY2032-FY2040 is based on the National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, "Japan's future population estimate (FY2017)" (medium fertility / medium mortality).
* "Breakdown total" and "Total" enrollment rate in higher education, and ratio of applicants still enrolled in high school may differ in some cases due to rounding off to one decimal place.

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

29