Low Carbon Development
Bangladesh Perspective

Mirza Shawkat Ali
Deputy Director (International Convention)
Department of Environment
Tsukuba, Japan

17 February 2012

BCCS&AP
 For Bangladesh Adaptation is the priority;
 National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA)-

Submitted to UNFCCC in 2005
 Focus of UNFCCC supported NAPA was only
urgent and immediate adaptation activities;
 Government required a Comprehensive Programme;
 Ministry of Environment and Forests took the initiative
to prepare the BCCS&AP in 2009.

Drought

CycloneStorm surge, salinity

Hazards Bangladesh faces

FloodWater logging

Bank Erosionerosion

Destruction by Cyclone Sidr

Part of Sundarban Mangrove Forests, the largest Mangrove Forests of the World

Impact of AILAPeople’s Response to Post-Aila Situation

Migration to urban areas from Kalabogi Village, DacopeSix Pillars (Thematic Areas) of ActionPlan Food security, social protection and health Comprehensive disaster management
 Infrastructure Research and knowledge management Mitigation and low carbon development Capacity building and institutional strengthening

The Action Plan will be implemented as the integral partof National Development Policies, Plans & Programmes

Mitigation Opportunities inBangladesh

Mitigation under SNC
 SNC made an inventory of GHG emission forthe year 2001 and 2005.
 Per capita GHG emission in BD was 0.27 tons
in 2005 (130 million population)

Energy sector total GHG emissions projection
for 2005-2030

Trend in CO2 Emission from Manufacturing
Industries

CO2 Emission by Different Types ofTransportation

Growth in GHG emissions from 1990 to 2005

Growth rate of emission from sectors(2001-05)
SectorYearly change (%)

Energy6.39

Industry0.27

Agriculture

3.29

LUCF -1.38

Waste

3.52

Mitigation Initiatives in Bangladesh Bangladesh as a LDC are not obligated to mitigate or

reduce GHG emission.
 But the government considered to maintain a low
carbon development path. So, BCCSAP has a„Mitigation and Low Carbon Development‟ pillar.
 Some sectoral initiatives have been undertaken
 Introduction of renewable energy especially solar
photovoltaic by far are regarded the best mitigation
initiative in Bangladesh.

Cont..
 CDM initiatives have been undertaken
 9 projects approved by DNA
 3 registered at CDM Executive Board 1 has gone into implementation

 BOCM is being promoted by Japan recentlyPower Sector
 Government is committed for providing

electricity to all by 2021

 Generation capacity will be 37,000 MW by 2030;

of which 16,000 MW fromimported coal
 5,000 MW from nuclear power and 3,000 MW from regional grid of India, Nepal,
Bhutan and Myanmar.

outEnergy Savings Programme
Govt. has undertaken energy savings programs along withpower generation;
 Under the “Efficient Lighting Initiative of Bangladesh” Govt.
has distributed 10.5 million CFLs (23W & 14W) to 4.5 mn.
consumers at no cost in two phases (June & October 2010)
 It is observed that 90.14 MW demand reduced after 1st phase
distribution (5.5 million CFLs) and 158.04 MW demand
reduced after 2nd phase distribution (5.0 million CFLs)
 Solar LED Street Lighting Programme in 6 CityCorporations, with a total capacity of 10 M


Installation of Mini Grid Solar PowerSystem
 Scope 1000 Solar Mini Grids will be installed in growth centers andcluster villages Average capacity of each solar mini grid is 25 kW
 Each system will cover 100-125 households
 Total Capacity: 50 MW
 Implementation through Partner Organizations of IDCOL Expected to be implemented as a CDM project.

Achievement
CategorySHS
Other Solar PV Applications
Biogas based electricity
OthersTotalAchievement
45 MW
900,000 units
1 MW
1 MW
1 MW
48 MW

Under 2 CDM projects 1.026 million SHS will be
distributed in off-grid areas

20

Policy initiatives of the Government
In 2008 government adopted Renewable Energy Policy.
 5% of total power generation from renewable sources by 2015
 10% of total power generation from renewable sources by 2020
 A Government Order has been issued to ensure that a portionof electricity in government buildings will be from solar PV, andin the 2nd phase it will be extended to private apartment blocks
and commercial buildings.
 To make the solar home systems affordable and popular
Government has exempted income tax since 2009 for next five
years from commercial production from renewable energy.
Options for Piloting in SNC for Mitigation
 In terms of GHG potential and impact thefollowing five options are significant, and these
may be taken up as initial case studies throughpiloting: CCGT to replace Steam Turbine (ST) power plant More efficient and less polluting brick kilns
 Efficient Parboilers

 Supercritical boilers for new coal fired power plants
 Solar PV pumps to replace Shallow Tubewells forirrigation

GHG Emissions under Baseline and theMitigation Scenarios

Fixed Chimney Kiln (FCK)HOFFMAN KILN – Coal Fired: 25-35% more efficient than FCKAgricultural: PV Irrigation
 There are more than 0.5 million irrigation pumps of alltypes in Bangladesh (40% electric; 60 diesel) Seasonal demand of 1500 MW from January to April.
Solar irrigation can alleviate the problem significantly aswell as save fossil fuel
 REB project to install 20 solar PV pumps as a pilot
 Government is very keen on this idea, and is actively
looking for bilateral and multilateral fundingSolar Irrigation

Efficiency Improvement in Parboiling

GIZ has an ongoingproject to increase theefficiency of parboilingboilers
Efficiency improvements
between 25 and 50%
possibleWill save 2-4 million tonsof rice husk, which can beused to generate electricity(> 100 MW)

Financing the Bangladesh Climate
Change Strategy and Action Plan
 Government has already allocated USD 300 million,

100 million each in 2009-2010, 2010-2011 and 20112012 to implement both adaptation and mitigation
related projects.
 On the other hand, „Bangladesh Climate Change
Resilient Fund‟ has also been established with thesupport of several development partners and bilateralfunding agencies with initial contribution of around
USD 125 million.

Way Forward Bangladesh is seeking support from international

community under UNFCCC in terms of fundingand technology cooperation for preparation andimplementation of Nationally Appropriate
Mitigation Actions (NAMA)/Low Carbon
Development Path.