-- - ------ - - -----•II

I BM System/34
Introduction

GC21 -5 153-4
File No. 534-00

-- - - -- ----- - - -----,,I BM System/34
Introduction

GC21-5153-4
File No. S34-00

Fifth Edition (March 1979)
This is a major revision of, and obsoletes, GC21-5153-3. Additions have been
made to describe the 3262 Printer Model B1, the support of up to 16 local work
stations, the support for the 5260 Retail System, the interactive communications
enhancement that supports System/34 to System/34 via SNA/SDLC, the COBOL
language extensions for work station support and the interactive communications
feature, the 3270 BSC data stream emulation, and the print spoolingenhancements.
Changes are periodically made to the information herein; changes will be reported
in Technical Newsletters or in new editions of this publication.
This publication is for planning purposes only. For a complete list of theinformation that is in this manual for planning purposes only, see the Preface.
The information herein is subject to change before the products describedbecome available.
Use this publication only for the purposes stated in the Preface.
Publications are not stocked at the address below. Requests for copies of IBM
publications and for technical information about the system should be made to
your IBM representative or to the branch office serving your locality.
This publication could contain technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Use
the Reader's Comment Form at the back of this publication to make comments
about this publication. If the form has been removed, address your comments to
IBM Corporation, Publications, Department 245, Rochester Minnesota 55901.
IBM may use and distribute any of the information you supply in any way it
believes appropriate without incurring any obligation whatever. You may, ofcourse, continue to use the information you supply.

© Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1977, 1978, 1979Preface

This manual describes IBM System/34 and its dataprocessing capabilities in today's business environment.

This manual contains the following information forplanning purposes only:This introduction is intended primarily for businessexecutives and supervisory personnel who want to know
about System/34 and how it can help them meet theirdata processing requirements. This manual can also
introduce System/34 to programmers and operators.

• Interactive communications feature (feature number
6000 with Diskette 1 or feature number 6001 with
Diskette 2D)

The reader need not have prior experience withcomputers. This manual includes:• 3262 Printer Model B1• SNA assembler macros• Chapter 1, an overview of System/34• Work Station Control Expansion B, which permits up
to 16 local work stations• Chapter 2, a discussion of the ways System/34
might be implemented in a business• Diskette and communications support for the 5260
Retail System• Chapter 3, a description of each System/34 device
and feature• 3270 BSC data stream emulation• Print spooling enhancements• Chapter 4, a description of System/34 program
products• Interactive communications feature enhancement that
supports System/34 to System/34 via SNA/SDLC• Chapter 5, an overview of System/34 operating
characteristics• COBOL• Chapter 6, an overview of the support and services
IBM provides for a System/34 customer• COBOL language extensions for work station support
and the interactive communications feature• Appendix A. a brief description of all System/34
system publications that are currently available• Work station support subroutine PRPQ

• A glossary, which defines data processing words andterms introduced in this manual

The information herein is subject to change before theproducts described become available.

iii

Related Publications• IBM System/34 Planning Guide, GC21-5154• IBM System/34 Installation Manual-Physical Planning,
GA21-9242• IBM System/34 System Support Program Product
Licensed Program Design Objectives, GC21- 7701
• IBM 5250 Information Display System Introduction,
GA21-9246• IBM System/34 COBOL Program Product Licensed
Program Design Objectives, GC21- 7737
• IBM System/34 Work Station Support Subroutines
PRPQ Licensed Program Design Objectives,
GC21-7808• IBM System/34 Installation and Modification Reference
Manual: Program Product and Physical Setup,
SC21-7689• Data Communications Concepts, GC21-5169• IBM System/34 System Support Reference Manual,SC21-5155• IBM System/34 Bibliography, GH30-0231
For a complete description of the System/34 systempublications that are available, see Appendix A.

iv

LEGEND
Drawings have been added to this manual to help
explain System/34 and some programming concepts.
The following identifies and explains the use of eachsymbol:SymbolMeaning
Diskette

0This symbol represeots the display screen andkeyboard at a display station .

.DThis symbol represents a printer.

The white arrow means no .data floyv. The arrow shows
the relationship of an input or output device to the system.

I

The red arrow means that data is being entered, processed,
or printed.

SSP (system support program product)

Disk

v

This page is intentionally left blank.

viContents

CHAPTER 1. SYSTEM/34 OVERVIEW .
Physical Characteristics . . . . . . . .
Operating Characteristics . . . . . . . .
Basic Concepts of System/34 Data Processing
Developing and Running a Job .
System/34 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1
2
3
4
4
6

CHAPTER 5. OPERATING SYSTEM/34
Operators . . . . . . . .
Operation Control Language
Command Statements
Menus
Example . .

61
61
62
62
63
64

CHAPTER 2. SYSTEM/34 BUSINESS APPLICABILITY
System Operating Environments
Centralized Environments . . . . . . .
Work Station Environments . . . . . .
Distributed Data Processing Environments
Growth Capabilities . . . . . . . .
System Hardware . . . . . . .
Work Stations (Local and Remote)Multiprogramming
Data Communications . . . . . .

7
7
8
10
12
14
14
15
16
17

CHAPTER 6. IBM SUPPORT AND SERVICES
Education
Customer Engineering
Systems Engineering

67

CHAPTER 3. SYSTEM/34 DEVICES AND FEATURES
System Unit . . .
Processing Unit
Disk
Diskette . . . .
Printers . . . . .
5211 Printer, 3262 Printer5256 Printer . . . · . .
5251 Display Station
5252 Dual Display Station .
Keyboard (5251 /5252 Display Stations)
Display Screen (5251 /5252 Display Stations)
Communications Adapter
1255 Magnetic Character Reader
5260 Retail System . . . . . .

19
19
19
20
22
25
26
28
29
31
32
35
36
37
38

CHAPTER 4. SYSTEM/34 PROGRAM PRODUCTS
System Support Program ProductHelp Function . .
Multiprogramming
Print Spooling .
Input Job Queue .
Security . . . . .
Data Communications .
Interactive Communications Feature
SSP Utilities . . . . .
Overlay Linkage Editor
Utilities Program Product .
Data File Utility
Source Entry Utility .
Sort Utility
Work Station Utility
Screen Design Aid (SDA) Utility
Programming Languages
RPG IIFORTRAN IV
COBOL . . .
Basic Assembler
Work Station Support Subroutines PRPQ

39
40
41
42
44
46
47
48
50
51
51
51
52
53
54
55
55
56
56
57
58
60
60

67
68
68

APPENDIX A. IBM SYSTEM/34 PUBLICATIONSSUMMARY . . . .
General Information .
Operating Information
Setup Procedures . .
Licensed Program Specifications (LPSs)
Licensed Program Design Objectives (LPDO)
Reference Information-System Support Program Product
Reference Information-Other Program Products . . .
Logic Information-System Support Program Product
LoJ-Jic Information-Other Program Products
Hardware Information

69
70
71
71

72
72
73
74
75
75
76

GLOSSARY77

INDEX . . .

81,CorJtents

vii

viii

Chapter 1. System/34 Overview

Your business, whether big or small, processes large amounts of information
during its daily operations. This information must be converted from its originalform, analyzed and compared with related material. and presented in ameaningful, readily available manner from which you can make sound businessdecisions. Frequently, a business' ability to respond to its customers depends
upon that business' ability to access and analyze information. The increased
complexity of information processing and the timeliness with which you must
make decisions often exceed the capabilities of manual techniques. To copewith these problems, many businesses use data processing systems.
IBM System/34 is a general-purpose data processing system designed for awide range of applications. It can handle business applications such as billing,order writing, and payroll, as well as many other types of applications.
System/34 also offers the following:• Choice of environments: System/34 can process all the data in one room,or you can move some devices to the users, who can be in several rooms orbuildings; these devices can be moved as far away as 1,520 meters (5,000feet) from the rest of the system (local work stations). You can move somedevices to users in locations geographically remote from the rest of thesystem (remote work stations). These devices are connected to System/34
via communications lines.
• Multiprogramming: System/34 can run more than one job at a time.
• Print spooling: System/34 can save printer data for later printing, so
multiple jobs, all requiring a printer or printers, can run at the same time.
• Input job queue: An operator or a procedure can place a job on the input
job queue and then continue with other activities without waiting for that job
to execute.
• Inquiry: While System/34 runs other jobs, you can make inquiries about
information stored on the system.
• Security: The display station and system unit keylocks, the display station
magnetic stripe reader, and the operator passwords discourage unauthorizedaccess to the system. Access to files and libraries that are protected by the
security function is restricted to specified users. Access to programs can becontrolled by menus displayed to operators.
• Data communications: System/34 can use up to two communications lines
to communicate with other systems or devices at other locations.
This publication describes all these capabilities, plus others. As you read thisintroduction, you will discover that System/34 is an efficient, reliable, andcompetent tool for your business data processing requirements.

System/34 Overview

1

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
IBM System/34 has the following components, all of which Chapter 3
describes.

••

5340 System Unit: The 5340 System Unit contains:
Processing Unit. The processing unit contains the storage and logic
necessary to control the functions of the system.
Disk Storage. The disk is a nonremovable magnetic storage medium,
which contains programs and data files for processing .
Diskette Drive or Diskette Magazine Drive. A diskette is a removablemagnetic storage medium, which can contain programs and data files .
The operator loads the contents of the diskette onto disk before
processing . With the magazine drive, up to 20 diskettes can beprocessed without operator intervention. You can exchange diskettes
with other systems or store them for later processing.

•

Display Station : The display station is a work station for entering data, forinquiring into files, and for requesting jobs. System/34 has two types ofdisplay stations : the 5251 Display Station and the 5252 Dual Display
Station. The display stations can be attached to the system unit as local
work stations or can communicate as remote work stations with the system
unit by means of communications lines. System/34 can have several
display stations, but one display station attached directly to the system unit
must serve as the system console. For additional information, see Work
Stations in Chapter 2 .

•Printer: The printer is an output device that prints information from thesystem . System I 34 has two types of printers : the 5211 or 3262 Line
Printer and the 5256 Character Printer. System/34 can use several 5256
Printers with either one 5211 Printer or one 3262 Printer. One printer(normally a line printer) serves as the system printer. The line printer mustbe attached to the system unit. The other printers can be attached to thesystem unit or can be attached to local or remote work stations. For
additional information, see Work Stations in Chapter 2 .
5340 System Unit
Printer, 3262 Printer5256 Printer5251 Display Station

5252 Dual Display Station

2

OPERATING CHARACTERISTICSYour primary concern when installing a data processing system should be yourbusiness needs, not a need for data processing knowledge. The operation of
IBM System/34 is designed with that in mind. A person responsible forbookkeeping or other clerical duties can, with minimal data processing training,
become a System/34 display station operator. The system operator, however,
may need more data processing expertise, depending on your applications andoperating environments. Chapter 5 explains System/34 operation in greater
detail.
The following functions of System/34 and its program products help make thissystem easy to use:
• Familiar keyboard design: The keyboard on each display station contains thesame key arrangement as a typewriter plus a cluster of 10 numeric keys
arranged in adding machine fashion.
• Keyboard function control and command function keys: The operator
requests specific system or application functions by pressing just one or twoof these keys.
• Command statements: Command statements provide simple operator
communication and control. Command statements consist of control
commands and procedure commands (described in Chapter 5). Operators
perform frequently run system functions with these short, simple, andeasy-to-use command statements.
• Utility programs: The utility programs perform many functions that arecommon to most data processing systems; for example, copying a file ordeleting a file. Often, an operator can run a utility program by entering asingle procedure command.
• Program-to-operator communication: A program communicates with anoperator via messages displayed on the display screen. A program productor a user program displays these messages to guide the operator throughapplications, to request specific information to complete a job, to help theoperator identify errors, and to inform the operator of system activity.
• Operator-to-operator communication: Operators at different display stations
can send messages to each other by using a control command. This
command simplifies operator communication when display stations are notclose to each other.
• Menus: A menu is a list of brief job descriptions, each identified by anumber. As you develop menus for your applications, you may assign adefault menu to each operator. When the operator signs on, that menu is
automatically displayed. The operator need only select a number from themenu to run a particular job.

System/34 Overview

3Basic Concepts of System/34 bata Processing
This section is intended for readers who do not have prior experience with dataprocessing and who may not understand data processing terminology. Other
readers can skip ahead to Chapter 2.
Data processing consists of several parts : the information to be processed(INPUT), the processing of that information (PROCESS), and the results of theprocessing (OUTPUT). For example, an operator enters data into System/34
using a diskette. The processing unit accepts the data, processes it, and thenproduces a printed report.
Process

Output-·•D
Developing and Running a Job
The elements that combine to perform the processing on System/34 are thesystem support program produet· (SSP) and the program products (PP), whichare IBM-written, licensed programs; the customer program (CP) ; and the
hardware (the physical equipment).
Before you can run System/34, you must load these programs into the system.
The first program to be loaded is the SSP.

[2JssP

4

The next programs to be loaded are the program products (PP) .

System/34 is now ready to accept the customer program (CP). The customer
program is a set of instructions that directs the flow of information and theprocessing steps for the job. A programmer can write this program in a
programming language (such as RPG II, FORTRAN IV, COBOL, or basic
assembler) or develop the program using the other program products . Afterthe programmer writes the program, an operator enters the program into thesystem .

The program product (PP) then translates the customer program (CP) intomachine instructions (an executable user program) that System/34 and the
SSP can execute.

System/34 Overview

5The SSP can now supervise data processing; that is, it can accept information
into the system (INPUT), process the information with the customer program(CP), and then generate the results (OUTPUT) which the hardware produces . .
Process---·•D
OutputSystem/34 Storage
System/34 has three types of storage: main storage, disk, and diskette.
Storage capacities are measured in bytes. A byte is the representation of one'character (such as a numeric digit or letter of the alphabet).
Main storage capacity is expressed in K bytes; one K byte is 1,024 bytes. For
example, 32K bytes is 32, 768 bytes.
A disk' s storage capacity is expressed in megabytes (millions of bytes); forexample, 8.6 megabytes is 8,600,000 bytes.
A diskette's storage cc;ipacity is expressed in bytes; for example, 246,272
bytes. A diskette's format (the arrangement of data on the surface of thediskette) is expressed in bytes per sector. (A sector is the area of a diskettethat contains one unit of data or one record.) For example, 128-byte format
indicates that each sector on this diskette contains 128 bytes.
Chapter 3 further describes main storage, disk, and diskette.

6Chapter 2. System/34 Business Applicability

System/34 can perform effectively in a variety of environments. As yourbusiness grows, System/34 grows with you.

SYSTEM OPERATING ENVIRONMENTS
System/34 can operate in:• A centralized environment, where all System/34 equipment and operators
are concentrated in one location• A work station environment, where one or more operator devices arelocated away from the system unit
• A distributed data processing environment, where System/34 communicateswith remote devices or systems.
This chapter describes these environments generally. The Planning Guidefurther describes System/34 operating environments and requirements for
each.

System/34 Business Applicability

7

Centralized Environments

In centralized data processing environments, all data processing occurs in one .
location. Most centralized environments are batch operating environments ; thatis, the system processes a batch of data as opposed to individual transactions
or records. A centralized environment requires only one printer and one display
station , and usually only one job runs at a time. However, some centralized
systems may have additional display stations and printers and options, such as
multiprogramming and print spooling. Chapter 4 describes multiprogrammingand print spooling .
In centralized (batch) data processing, the processing area (department)
receives the input, in its original form, from the originating area . Operators in
the processing area then enter the input into the system either (1) via work
stations or (2) via diskettes created on a separate key entry device, such as a
3741 Data Entry Station. Then the system processes the input and produces
the desired output for distribution to the functional area that needs it.
Some applications require centralized data processing because of the nature of
the job or because this environment (1) is easier to implement and operate,and (2) provides efficient processing with centralized control. A centralized
environment also provides a base from which you can expand to a work
station data processing environment.

8This page is intentionally left blank.

System/34 Business Applicability

9Work Station Environments
Work station environments bring the capabilities of the system to the user,
rather than bringing the user's data to the system. Work station environments
generally are more flexible in their operations. Multiple users can enter andretrieve data concurrently, which gives them the information when and where
they need it. System/34 offers you the capability to add such devices as
display stations and printers as work stations.
A major advantage of work stations is that the different areas using the system
do not have to transfer information among themselves. They all have access tothe most current, correct information in the system. Direct entry of the datafrom a work station reduces transcribing and transferring forms anddocuments. For example, if you update your inventory as it changes, current
inventory information is always available instead of being days or weeks out ofdate. By reducing obsolete data, work stations reduce the possibility of dataprocessing errors and business procedure errors.
By bringing the capabilities of the system to the user, work stations improve
service to your customers. With work stations, you can update your files aschanges occur, providing accurate information quickly. You can also start
processing information sooner, providing better service to your customers. For
example, if you enter an order when and where you receive it. you can process
it more quickly and provide faster service to your customers.
Another advantage of work stations is that they reduce errors in the handlingof data. With work stations, the people who use the data enter it; thesepeople can more easily discover and correct errors than can users in a central
data processing area.
You can use display stations as work stations, and you can use them forinquiry, data entry, and job processing.

Inquiry
In inquiry, a display station operator asks the system for information containedin a disk file (for example, an inventory file). An operator can use inquiry toobtain file information that provides immediate answers for particular businesssituations. Inquiry can run concurrently with other tasks in the system.

10

System/34 Business Applicability

11

Data Entry

In data entry, a display station operator enters data for a program either before
or while the program runs. The operator enters the data either as a batch ofdata (many records) or interactively (individual records).
If you have to enter data that does not require immediate processing or that
requires complex processing, you probably want batch data entry. In this case,the processing occurs after the operator enters all the data.
If you have to enter data that requires immediate processing, you probably
want interactive data entry. In this case, as an operator enters the data, a data
entry program can validate the data by calculations, comparisons, or displaying
file information.

Job Processing

In job processing, a display station operator requests execution of a program
or group of programs. The operator can start a job, enter data for the job ifnecessary, and, when the job finishes, begin another job. A printer near the
display station can print the output from the job, thereby producing the output
at the location where you need it. Because a display station operator runs thejob, the system operator is free for other tasks.
For example, a display station operator in the warehouse updates the stock
records with today's receipts. System/34 prints the current stock status in thewarehouse for immediate use, and updates the necessary files at the system
unit.

Distributed Data Processing Environments
Data communications environments connect systems and I or devices atmultiple locations via communications lines. When remote locations are
involved in the business environment, data (and processing) must betransferred between locations. Mailing and delivery require time that might not
be available. A data communications environment offers information transfer
whenever it is needed.
The following examples illustrate data communications environments:• System/34 at a .central location with remote 3741 and 5250 devices.
• System/34 with a remote System/32 and a host System/370. The
System/32 can perform processing at its location and transmit data, whenrequired, to the System/34. The System/34 also performs processing at its
location and then communicates with the System/370 using, for example,
remote job entry support.
• System/34 as part of a group of systems and devices exchanging data andrunning programs.

l2

mK

0

-

C=:Jc=J-- - c=Jc=:J®®ee:

Data Base

370

CD

0

-iD~

------u
JJ_ _s;c::i~r

Host System:

S/370
S/34
S/3
l

0

0
0

---------"'

I

5251 Display Station(model 1 or model 11)~51 Display Station~~;~del 2 or model 12)5252 Display Station

System/34 Business Applicability

13

GROWTH CAPABILITIESAs the data processing needs of your business change and grow, you need asystem that can also change and grow. System/34 offers you a variety offunctions and devices which provide excellent opportunity for growth. Thismeans that you can expand your system in function and capacity as yourimmediate data processing needs expand; and you can also plan andimplement your long-range objectives without great disruption of your business
operations.

System Hardware
You can change your System/34 devices to meet the demand for increased
capacity and performance. The disk, diskette, printer, and main storage all
have growth capabilities needed to meet your increasing requirements. Chapter
3 describes all the System/34 hardware in detail.
When the number of your applications increases and your data files growlarger and more numerous, you can increase disk storage capacity. Disk
storage varies from approximately 8.6 million bytes to approximately 128.4
million bytes.
As you store more data and programs on disk and, therefore, you need tostore more information, faster, on diskettes, you can get diskettes with greater
capacity. Diskette capacities vary from approximately 246,000 bytes toapproximately 1,200,000 bytes.
As you process more diskettes on your System/34, the optional diskettemagazine drive can decrease the time spent handling them. While underprogram control, the diskette magazine drive can process up to 20 diskettes (intwo magazines) or 3 individual diskettes without manual intervention.
As your printing needs increase, you can get either a faster printer or additional
printers. Printing speeds vary from 40 characters per second to 650 lines per
minute.
When your processing needs increase, you might want options such asadditional work stations, multiprogramming, or data communications (alldescribed in this chapter). To use these options more effectively, you may
need to increase your main storage capacity. Main storage capacity varies from
32K bytes to 128K bytes.

14

Work Stations (Local and Remote)
A work station is any device that allows a user to transmit data to or receive
data from a computer, or both. (The devices communicate via directly attachedcables and/or via communications lines, depending on the location of thespecific device.) Work stations can include the following devices:• 5251 Display Station (Models 1, 2, 11, and 12)• 5252 Dual Display Station• 5256 Printer (Models 1, 2, and 3)• Other devices, such as 3741 Data Entry Station (Models 2 and 4)

Local Work Stations
Four cable connectors are provided on the system unit to enable work stations
up to 1520 meters (5000 feet) from the system unit to be directly attached tothe system unit. The first connector must be dedicated to the attachment of adisplay station to be used as the system console. A 6-meter (20-foot) cable isprovided for this attachment. The remaining connectors may be used todirectly attach the 5251 Model 1 and 11 Display Stations, the 5252 Dual
Display Stations, and the 5256 Printers (Models 1, 2, and 3) to the systemunit.
A Cable Thru feature, which is available on each of these work stations,enables up to seven local work stations to be attached to the system unit bymeans of a single system cable. The maximum number of local work stations
that can be attached to the system unit (including the system console, and a5256 system printer) is 8. If you add Work Station Control Expansion B, themaximum is 16. A 5252 Dual Display Station counts as two stations because it
has two keyboards.

System/34 Business Applicability

15

Remote Work Stations
The 5251 Models 2 and 12 Display Stations use communications lines and
SNA protocol to communicate with System/34.
By adding a Cluster feature, you can attach up to four additional work stations
to a remote work station. A Dual Cluster feature is also available. The Dual
Cluster feature allows you to attach up to eight additional work stations to aremote work station. The cluster features are mutually exclusive. The
additional work stations can be up to 1520 meters (5000 feet) from the remote
work station.
A maximum of 64 devices (remote work stations and work stations attached toremote work stations) can be addressed over communications lines by the
Systern/34.
The following are the work stations that attach to the remote work stations:5251 Display Station, Models 1 and 11
525? Dual Display Station- 5256 PrinterThe System/34 can also have other devices, such as the 3741 Data Entry
Station, attached via communications lines.

Multiprogramming

Multiprogramming allows the system to run more than one job concurrently.
As your business grows and you run more jobs that require more efficient useof the processing unit, you can use multiprogramming so that one job runs
while another job waits for data. Chapter 4 describes System/34
multiprogramming.

16

Data Communications
To further enhance your System/34, you can add up to two communications
adapter features. Each adapter allows you to add one communications line toyour System/34. The communications lines allow your system to communicate
with another System/34 and to run jobs and exchange data with a larger
system. The communications lines also allow you to exchange data with suchdevices as a 3741 Data Entry Station, a System/32, or remote work stations.
Remote work stations use communications lines to connect to System/34
using SNA and SDLC. Remote work stations allow you to operate interactively
with the System/34 just as with local work stations.
The advantage of data communications is that you can communicate with adevice at virtually any location. Since the communications adapter can use
telephone lines, you can set up data communications any place a telephoneline is accessible.
See Communications Adapter in Chapter 3 for more information on the
System/34 communications hardware, and see Data Communications in
Chapter 4 for information on the System/34 programming support.

System/34 Business Applicability

17

18

Chapter 3. System/34 Devices and Features

This chapter describes the IBM equipment that comes with System/34 and the
IBM equipment that you can add to System/34.

SYSTEM UNIT

Processing Unit
Every System/34 has a processing unit housed within the 5340 System Unit.

•Processing Unit

The System/34 processing unit contains processors, which control the system,
and main storage . Main storage contains the IBM-written programs (describedin Chapter 4) and user programs that the system brings in from disk for
execution.

System /34 Dev ices and Features

19

Every System/34 has a mi.nimum of 32K (32. 768) bytes of main storage. You
can obtain additional main storage to increase the capacity to 48K (49. 152),
64K (65,536), 96K (98,304), or 128K (131 ,072) bytes . The amount of mainstorage available for user programs depends on the amount of storage requiredby the SSP functions (such as print spooling and multiprogramming) you
implement on the system . (See the Planning Guide, GC21-5154, for detailed
information on the available main storage for user programs.)

Main Storage

I I
32K

48K

64K

96K

128K

Disk
Every System/34 has either one or two disk storage devices housed within the5340 System Unit.

Disk

20

The disk provides quick-access magnetic storage for programs and data files.
Disk storage has five approximate capacities:• 8,600,000 bytes (8.6 megabytes)•

13,200,000 bytes (13.2 megabytes)• 27, 100,000 bytes (27 .1 megabytes, two disk storage devices)• 63,900,000 bytes (63.9 megabytes)•

128,400,000 bytes (128.4 megabytes, two disk storage devices)

These capacities represent space available for all programs and data files,
including program products and system files. The space available for yourprograms and data files depends on the space required by the program
products and the functions (such as print spooling and multiprogramming) you
implement on the system.
The following chart relates access time to capacity:

en

""O

40

c
0

(.)

"'"'
"'
(I.)

(I.)

30

(.)
(.)

"' .Ec
(I.)

Cl

~

·-

>

E

(I.)

20

(I.)

<( ·.;::;

10

8. 6

13. 2

27. 1

63.9

128.4

Capacity in megabytes

System/34 Devices and Features21

Diskette
A diskette is a thin, flexible magnetic disk enclosed permanently in a protective
jacket. To use diskettes, you insert them in the diskette drive on the front of
the 5340 System Unit.

The diskette provides disk storage backup and separate storage of data thatmight otherwise take up needed space on the disk. Before you can processdata or execute a program that is on diskette, you must move the data or
program onto disk. Once you have moved the data or program onto disk you
can leave it there. Diskettes can also provide input from another device orsystem that uses diskettes, such as a 3741 Data Entry Station.

22

System/34 offers Diskette 1 and Diskette 2D diskettes, with each type having
two formats. A Diskette 1 in the 128-byte format can contain 246,272 bytes
of data; in the 512-byte format. it can contain 303,104 bytes of data.
The Diskette 2D, in addition to having two recording surfaces, is adouble-density diskette; that is, it contains twice as much information in thesame area as a single-density diskette. In the 256-byte format, Diskette 2D
can contain 985,088 bytes of data; in the 1,024-byte format, it can contain
1,212.416 bytes of data. The largest capacity diskette stores more than fourtimes more data than the smallest capacity diskette. Larger capacity diskettes
also decrease the time required to transfer data files to or from the disk.
Diskette 1

Diskette 2D
1,200,000

1,000.000

800,000

600,000

400,000

I
128

I

512

200,000
256 1024

You can exchange Diskette 1's between two System/34's or between
System/34 and other systems or devices that produce compatible diskettes(for example, System/32). Diskettes are compact and easy to store, and you
can mail them to other locations. Diskettes are a reliable storage medium thatmany other systems and devices use. These qualities-reliability, compactness,and exchangeability-and the choice of capacities combine to make diskettes anefficient and versatile data storage medium.
The two types of diskettes (Diskette 1 and Diskette 2D) require different drive
mechanisms for reading and writing. The drive for Diskette 2D can also read
and write a Diskette 1; the drive for the Diskette 1, however, can read andwrite only Diskette 1.

System/34 Devices and Features

23System/34 has an optional diskette magazine drive that can read from andwrite on Diskette 1 and Diskette 2D. The diskette magazine drive has fiveslots; two of them hold magazines and three hold individual diskettes. A
magazine is a container that holds up to 10 diskettes.
The diskette magazine drive is a sequential save/restore device. Typically,
processing begins with the first diskette in the first magazine slot andautomatically proceeds, diskette by diskette, through the first magazine, thenon to the second. The three individual diskette slots can be used for smallerjobs such as 3740 data entry. Processing of two or three individual diskettes
can also take place without operator intervention.
Up to 24 megabytes of data can be written on two magazines before operator
intervention is required.
The time required to save a data file or an entire disk is greatly reduced withthe diskette magazine drive because its data transfer rate is twice as fast as
the fastest version of the single diskette drive.

24

PRINTERSEach System/34 requires one printer. The two types of printers available are
the 5211 or 3262 Line Printer and the 5256 Character Printer. Either type· canserve as the system printer. You can address up to fifteen 5256 Printers
attached to the system unit (including the system printer if it is a 5256) and up
to fifty-six 5256 Printers attached to remote display stations (see Work Stationsin Chapter 2). The data rate of your communications equipment must be
considered when you determine the number of remote printers to be used. For
each job, you can specify whether to print the results on the system printer oron another printer. Both types of printers offer you a choice of printing speeds
and forms sizes, thus providing both flexibility and growth potential.
The characteristics of the System/34 printers are as follows:

5211

3262

5256

Character.s per line:

132

132

132

Lines per 25.4 mm (oneinch):

6 or 86 or 86 or 8Speed:

160 or 300 lines per
minute650 lines per
minute40, 80, or 120
characters per
secondCharacter set:38, 42, 48, 64, 96,
or 18848, 64, 96, or
188

96 or 188

System/34 Devices and Features25

5211 Printer, 3262 Printer%The outward appearance of the 5211 and 3262 Printers is similar.
Both the 5211 Printer and the 3262 Printer are line printers; that is, they print
one complete line at a time, using up to 132 characters per line. Speeds of the5211 and the 3262 will vary depending on character set size, the number ofcharacters, and the form skips associated with the output to be printed . The
printers can print an original copy with up to five carbon copies using paper
from 3.5 inches to 15.25 inches wide (16 inches wide on the 3262) and from 3
inches to 14 inches long.
The printers use flexible steel print belts that are easily changed by theoperator. These inexpensive belts provide a range of character sets and print
speeds. The 5211 Printer has interchangeable print belts with 38 •. 42, 48, 64,
96, or 188 graphic characters. The 3262 Printer has interchangeable print belts
with 48, 64, 96, or 188 graphic characters. The 188-character Multinational
print belt contains special and accented characters, such as u, ii, U, and D.
Note: The 5211 and 3262 print belts are not interchangeable.

26

The 5211 and the 3262 also have translation capability, which lets you
combine characters when speed rather than accenting is important. In thepreceding example, u, ti, U, and 0 can all be equated to a single
representation (U) in a translation table. The translation capability also lets you
print. for example, all uppercase when the data is both uppercase andlowercase. An uppercase only print belt allows faster printing.
You can order a 5211 Printer with a maximum print speed of either 160 or 300
lines per minute or a 3262 Printer with a maximum print speed of 650 lines per
minute. (See Form Design Reference Guide for Printers, GA24-3488, fordetailed information about forms design.)
Note: A numeric print belt (13 characters on a 48-character belt) can be usedin conjunction with the 5211 Printer Model 2 (300 lines per minute) to support
the OCR numeric A- and B-fonts. Printed output can be read by the IBM
3886 Optical Character Reader.

System/34 Devices and Features27

5256 PrinterThe 5256 Printer is a serial printer ; that is, it prints one character at a time andprints bidirectionally (left to right and right to left) . It can print an original withup to five carbon copies. The 5256 Printer can print on continuous forms andon individual, precut forms. The precut forms can vary from 6 inches to14-1 I 2 inches wide and from 3 inches to 14 inches long. The continuous
forms can vary from 3 inches to 15 inches wide and from 3 inches to 14
inches long. (See Form Design Reference Guide for Printers , GA24-3488, fordetailed information about forms design.) The 5256 prints up to 132 characters
per line at either 6 or 8 lines per inch . The character set consists of 96 graphic
characters . (A multinational character set is also available. For additional
information, see the index entry multinational character set.) You can order5256 Printers (Models 1, 2, and 3) with a maximum print speed of 40, 80, or
120 characters per second, respectively. The average printing rate depends onthe format of the printed data on the page. For example, if all of the lines
have 120 characters in positions 1 through 120, the respective printing speeds
are approximately 20, 40, and 60 lines per minute.

28

5251 DISPLAY STATION

The 5251 Display Station is offered in four models:• Model 1 is a local work station with a 960-character display.
• Model 2 is a remote communicating work station with a 960-character
display.
• Model 11 is a local work station with a 1,920-character display.
• Model 12 is a remote communicating work station with a 1,920-character
display.
Models 1 and 11 may also be attached to remote Models 2 and 12.

System/34 Devices and Features

29

Every System/34 requires one 5251 Display Station (Model 1 or 11) or one
half of a 5252, which functions as the system console; using this system
console, the system operator controls the system and receives systemmessages. This display station can also be used to enter data. The maximum
number of local work stations is eight (16 can be attached when Work Station
Control Expansion B is used). The maximum number of remote work stations,
including work stations attached to remote work stations, is 64. The local work
stations and the remote work stations can operate concurrently with thesystem console (see Work Stations in Chapter 2). The ability to add display
stations as work stations provides great growth potential and accommodates avariety of operating environments. With the Keylock feature, you can lock thedisplay stations to discourage unauthorized persons from using them.
A Magnetic Stripe Reader, which is available for all models of the display
station, provides the capability of reading numeric encoded information from amagnetic stripe. The stripe may be used on a wide range of credit cards,
operator identification badges, and other magnetically encoded documents.
The magnetic stripe may be encoded with up to 128 ABA numeric characters,
including control characters.
Work Station Control Expansion A is required when a Magnetic Stripe Reader
is attached to any local display station (5251 Models 1 or 11, or 5252). The
Expanded Function feature is required on any remote display station (5251
Models 2 or 12) that has a Magnetic Stripe Reader or has a Magnetic Stripe
Reader on any attached display station. Two Magnetic Stripe Readers can be
attached to a 5252.
Note: Work Station Control Expansion A is not required if Work Station
Control Expansion B is on the system.

30

5252 DUAL DISPLAY STATION
The 5252 Dual Display Station is functionally equivalent to two 5251 Display
Station Model 1s. The 5252 screen has a capacity of 960 characters arranged
in 12 rows of 80 characters each. The 5252 Dual Display Station has two
display screens and two keyboards. Each screen/keyboard acts as anindependent unit. The 5252 is attached to the system unit or attached to aremote display station. One-half of a 5252 attached to the system unit can be
the system console.

System/34 Devices and Features

31

Keyboard (5251 /5252 Display Stations)An operator enters data, control information, and requests for system functions
from the keyboard. The keyboard consists of :• Typewriter-like keys to enter alphabetic and numeric data

Note: With the Multinational Character Set feature, entering the tilde (-v) or
grave accent (') will cause that character and the following character to be
combined and later displayed as an accented character.
Pressing the CMD key and then the grave accent key allows you to enter thehexadecimal value of any valid character.

32

•Nume r ic k eys in an adding machine format fo r high -speed entry of num ericdata•

Function control keys to request system functions•

Cursor positioning keys

In addition, using the SSP, the operator can use the upper row oftypewriter-like keys as command function keys. In this way, the operator can
execute a particular program function by pressing the command key and theproper key (in upper or lowercase).

System/ 34 Devices and Features

33

Multinational Character Set
A 188-character Multinational Character Set is available; these characters canbe displayed by all models of the 5251 and 5252 Display Stations and can be
printed by all models of the 5211, 3262, and 5256 printers.
This character set allows you to enter and process a full upper /lowercase
alphabet for all supported languages and allows a mixture of
keyboard/displays from different countries or languages on the same systemor network. All directly attached keyboard/displays must be of the samelanguage.
The Multinational Character Set includes 112 alphabetic, 10 numeric, and 66
special symbol characters.
Data conversion is required for most applications that communicate or transfer
data with systems and/or machines that do not have the multinational
character set.
Multinational Control on the 5340 is required to use the Multinational CharacterSet on local work stations. All work stations on a system must have the samecharacter set.
For the 5211 or 3262 Printers, there are three new Multinational print belts:
the 64 and 96 uppercase character belt and the 188 upper /lowercase character
belt.

34

Display Screen (5251/5252 Display Stations)

The display screen is similar to a television screen and is designed to assist theoperator. It displays input data (as an operator keys it), output, data files, andoperator messages.
The display screen available can display a maximum of 960 characters arranged
in 12 rows with 80 characters per row (5251 Display Stations Models 1 and 2
and the 5252 Dual Display Station) or a maximum of 1,920 characters arranged
in 24 rows with 80 characters per row (5251 Display Stations Models 11 and
12). User programs can define special displays such as high-intensity fields,
reverse- image fields (dark characters on lighted background), and blinking
fields. Such displays draw the operator's attention to important information.
Multinational (accented) characters can also be displayed.
For additional information on these display stations, see 5250 Information
Display System Introduction.

System/34 Devices and Features

35

COMMUNICATIONS ADAPTER
A communications adapter allows System/34 to communicate with othersystems or devices via BSC (binary synchronous communications) or SDLC
(synchronous data link control), depending on program control. With acommunications adapter and the system support program product, System/34
becomes part of a communications network. That is, System/34 transmits andreceives information over communications lines attached to other systems ordevices. System/34 can have one or two communications adapters.
The following illustration shows one of the possible combinations of uses fortwo communications adapters.
BSC/SDLC
System/370'---------'"Aii¢==¢L]

The communications adapters can use half-duplex communication (onedirection at a time), with either two-wire or four-wire facilities. Eachcommunications adapter supports data rates from 600 to 9,600 bits per second(8 bits equal 1 byte). The maximum data rate flow with both lines operatingconcurrently is 9,600 bits per second.
The ability to communicate with other systems and add remote work stations
helps your system change and grow as your processing needs change and
grow.

36

1255 MAGNETIC CHARACTER READER

The 1255 Magnetic Character Reader reads and sorts documents that are
inscribed with magnetic ink (for example, checks). The 1255 is designed forbanking and finance applications. System / 34, together with a 1255, provides
an economical processing system to support the requirements of small andmedium-sized banks, as well as branch banks of large banking systems.
The 1255 has the following characteristics :•Reads and validates the magnetic ink inscribed data line characters as
defined by the attaching system's application program•

Processes mixed paper and card documents•

Reads and I or sorts at the following rates:
Model 1 : up to 500 6-inch documents per minute into six stackers
Model 2 : up to 750 6-inch documents per minute into six stackers
Model 3 : up to 750 6-inch documents per minute into 12 stackers

Note: Actual sorting and processing speeds of all three models depends on thelength of the document and the complexity of the program . For more
information concerning the 1255 and its programming , see IBM 1255 Models
1, 2 , and 3 Magnetic Character Reader Component Description, GA21-3542 andIBM System/ 34 1255 Magnetic Character Reader Reference Manual,SC21-7740.

System / 34 Devices and Features37

5260 RETAIL SYSTEMThe IBM 5260 Retail System consists of point-of-sale terminals that help
provide data processing answers for the operational and accounting areas ofretailing. Point-of-sale terminals provide traditional cash register functions aswell as data collection capabilities.
The terminal provides cash register functions, such as accumulating totals,
calculating change, printing cash receipts or sales checks, and maintaining
control totals. In addition, the point-of-sale terminal performs calculations,such as taxes, discounts, and quantity prices.
As a point-of-sale collection device, the terminal gathers timely information
about transactions as they take place. The collected information is valuable forsuch things as controlling inventory and calculating commissions. Data
collected on the terminal is stored on a diskette. The information accumulatedon the diskette can be sent to the System/34 by means of a 5260 data
communications feature, or the diskette can be entered directly into the
System/34 for processing.

38

Chapter 4. System/34 Program Products

IBM System/34 program products are licensed programs that help you makemaximum use of System/34. Program products satisfy specific dataprocessing requirements (for example, sort a file or compile a program). This
chapter describes the following System/34 program products and their uses:• System support program product• Utilities program product• RPG II
• FORTRAN IV• COBOL X3.23-1968 (PRPO)• COBOL X3.23-1974•

Basic assembler and macro processor• Work station support subroutines (PRPQ)
The licensed program design objectives contain additional information on eachprogram product (see Related Publications in the Preface).

System/34 Program Products

39

SYSTEM SUPPORT PROGRAM PRODUCTThe SSP (system support program product) provides the basic data processing
and control functions for System/34. The SSP executes programs, processes
commands and data from display stations, manages the disk and diskette, andsends requested information to the printer(s) and display screen(s). All other
System/34 program products are designed to operate in an environment that
includes the System/34 SSP or its equivalent. The SSP also supports theoperator/system interface that Chapter 5 describes.
In addition, the SSP can also:• Provide operator and programmer guidance through the optional help
function• Control and manage the 1255 Magnetic Character Reader (described in
Chapter 3)• Run more than one job at a time (multiprogramming)• Save information for later printing instead of waiting for the printer(s) {printspooling)• Allow an operator to enter a job and to continue work without waiting forthe job to run (input job queue)• Restrict the use of the system by unauthorized persons (security)• Restrict access to data files and I or program libraries (security)• Allow an operator'to initiate jobs only from specific job menus (security)• Support two communications lines that can communicate concurrently withremote systems or devices (data communications)• Provide remote work stations (data communications)• Perform some basic functions, such as deleting or copying a file (systemutilities)• Prepare FORTRAN IV, COBOL, and basic assembler programs for execution(overlay linkage editor)
The following paragraphs describe these optional functions (except 1255) inmore detail.

40

Help Function

Help is an optional SSP utility that aids the operator in executing many of the
System/34 functions. The help function prompts the operator to enter thecorrect parameters to run the SSP, utility programs, programming languages,
data communications, and service aids procedures. In addition, help provides
descriptive text for SSP commands, OCL statements, and procedure control
expressions.
The help function operates on both the 1920- and the 960-character display
screen.
Many of the procedures now on the System/34 require the operator to enterfrom 1 to 10 parameters in a specified order. The help function prompts theoperator to enter the correct parameters in their proper order. Help also
provides a convenient reference for system commands, OCL statements, andprocedure control expressions.
The operator evokes the help utility either by pressing the HELP key while thedisplay station is in the command mode or by entering the name HELP on thedisplay screen.
Specific help can be requested by keying the word HELP, a space, and thename of the procedure command for which prompting is desired; for example,
HELP FROMLIBR may be keyed.

System/34 Program Products

41

Multiprogramming

System/34 can run more than one job at a time via a capability called
multiprogramming, which you use in conjunction with the SSP.
As you run more jobs, you requ ire more efficient use of the processing unit.
But when a system processes jobs consecutively, the processing unit may haveto wait for completion of input and output operations. Input and output
operations take a much longer time to execute than processing operations
because they rely on mechanical devices. Multiprogramming reduces theprocessing unit waiting time.
In System/34 multiprogramming, more than one program can reside in mainstorage, and more than one program can execute concurrently. While one
program waits for input or output to complete, another program executes
instructions. For example, a job may begin executing and, while it waits for the
printer to print, the system might start executing instructions from another job.
When the printer finishes printing and the second job waits for input or output,
the system continues processing the first job.
When the system waits, as the previous paragraph describes, and the next
program requires more storage than that already available, the system canr~move a program from main storage and save it on disk (swap it out). For
example, when both program A and program B wait for output to complete,and program C is ready to begin execution, the system swaps out program A.

A

42

B

The SSP can then start processing program C in the main storage area
formerly occupied by the swapped-out program A.

When program C finishes processing or waits, the system swaps program A
back in and program A continues processing. Swapping can provide more
efficient use of storage and the processing unit, because the processing unit
spends less time waiting and more time running, enabling you to get increased
production from your system.
When you have work stations, you probably want multiprogramming. Workstation requests can share the available time of the processing unit with eachother and with the jobs executing from the central data processing area.

System/34 Program Products

43Print Spooling
System/34 can save printer output on disk for later printing via an SSP
capability called print spooling.
When your processing needs increase, efficient job execution becomes more
important. But since main storage processing is much faster than printing, thesystem spends a lot of time waiting for the printer to print already processed
data. To help minimize this lost time, you can use print spooling for any printerattached to the system.
When you use print spooling, the SSP intercepts each line intended for a
printer and stores it on disk (a much faster process than printing). If you run
two jobs concurrently and both jobs generate output for a printer, you canspool the print data from one job and print the data from the other or spool
the print data from both for later printing. If programs A and B are going to
execute concurrently and are going to use the same printer, either program A
or B must use print spooling.

44

For example, the SSP h'as completed processing job B and is now ready toprint the output, but the system printer is busy with job A. At the same time,
job C is ready for input to the processor.

B

A

I•---·~To speed up processing, the SSP spools data from job B onto the disk during
the execution of program B.

System/34 Program Products

45Now, the SSP can accept and begin processing job C.

CA·'lllliill--~EJ
The system operator controls the printing of spooled data on all printers, can~opy the contents of the spool file to a data file. and can request multiple
copies of the printed output without running the job again. A display station
operator has the same capabilities but is limited to controlling jobs initiated atthat display station. A display station operator c!'lnnot control jobs that spool
data to the system printer.

Input Job Queue

An operator can enter a job from a display station and then continue with otheractivity, without waiting for that job to execute, by using the SSP facility called
input job queue. The input job queue is a list of jobs submitted by system anddisplay station operators or by executing OCL statements. The system will run
the jobs on the job queue when time is available.
Waiting for a job to execute can waste needed time and decrease theproductivity of a display station. If a job does not require input from thedisplay station during job execution, the operator can place the job on the input
job queue.
The system operator controls the execution of the queued jobs and gives thempriority processing as required .
The programmer can code the OCL to call a procedure, enter data in the firstprogram, and cause the remainder of the job to be placed in the job queue.

46

Security
Because work stations increase the number of people and locations that haveaccess to the system, you may want to restrict access to information stored in
the system. System/34 has the following devices and options that help
maintain the security of your information:•

Keylock on system unit and/or display stations• Passwords• Magnetic stripe reader on display stations•

Restricted access to files and libraries• Restricted access to programs by predefined menus
Keylocks help prevent unauthorized persons from gaining access to your
System/34 and display stations. You can have keylocks on your system unit,
display stations, or both. When a system or display station has a keylock, theuser must have a key to unlock the unit. This allows you to issue keys only topersons you want to have access to these units.
Security passwords help prevent unauthorized persons from gaining access tothe system. You can assign passwords that display station operators mustenter before they operate the system.
The magnetic stripe reader can be used as an enhancement to password
security. You must insert a magnetically coded badge into a magnetic stripe
reader before you can key in your user ID and password. The magnetic stripe
reader can also be used to enter data into data fields in user-defined formats.
You can restrict access to files and libraries. Each file or library can have anowner and a user list. Access is restricted to the owner and users on the user
list. Violation of the access rules results in an error message and a processing
halt. You can optionally have successful accesses to protected files andlibraries logged. This will provide an audit trail.
You can restrict access to programs and prevent compilation of new programsby predefining the menu to be automatically displayed to each operator at signon. Using the menu security function, you can restrict an operator to the
execution of only those jobs associated with a menu (or chained menus). This
prevents the operator from invoking any other jobs, SSP commands, orentering OCL statements.

System/34 Program Products

47

Data Communications
Data communications is the transmission of data via communications lines
between systems and I or devices at remote locations. If you have acommunications adapter, System/34 becomes part of a data communications
network using BSC (binary synchronous communications) or SDLC
(synchronous data link control) . One major difference between BSC and SDLC
is the devices supported by each . The Planning Guide lists the devices andprovides a more detailed description of System/34 data communications.
System/34 can have two communications lines operating concurrently. The
communications lines can be any combination of BSC and SDLC.
The BSC support in RPG II is used to communicate with another system ordevice, such as the 3741 Data Entry Station.
RPG II, basic assembler, and the MRJE (MULTI-LEAVING remote job entry)
utility provide support for BSC. RPG II and basic assembler programs cantransmit data to and receive data from any of the supported devices using
BSC. The MRJE utility enables you to submit jobs to a host System/370
under the control of HASP II, ASP, RES, or JES2 and receive the results of thejobs at the System/34.

MRJE
or

RPGll

BSC

or
Basic

Remote System

Assembleror Device~-~AiiS0D

48

System/34 SSP includes two facilities for communication to a host
System/370 via SNA and SDLC:• The SRJE (SNA remote job entry) utility enables you to submit jobs to· ahost System/370 under the control of RES, JES2, or POWER/VS andreceive the results of the jobs at the System/34.
• SNA assembler macros, provided with the basic assembler program
product, allow you to develop a program (or subroutine) that cancommunicate with an application program running on a System/370 under
the control of IMS/VS or CICS/VS.
More than one System/34 program can use the SNA/SDLC communications
facility to a System/370 concurrently.

11111rnr@rnm ssP
SRJE orBasic Assembler

SNA/
SDLC

System /34 Program Products49Interactive Communications Feature
Interactive communications support is available as a feature (feature number
6000 with Diskette 1 or feature number 6001 with Diskette 2D) of the SSP.
Using the interactive communications feature, you can develop programs or
subroutines that communicate interactively. with programs on other systems oron the same System/34. This feature provides a common interface between
special subsystems that communicate with the following:• System/3 Model 15 CCP (via BSC)
• System/370 IMS/VS IRSS (via BSC)
• System/370 CICS/VS (via BSC)
• Other BSC systems and devices, including another System/34 (via BSC)
• Another System/34 (via SNA)
• System/370 IMS/VS (via SNA)
• System/370 CICS/VS (via SNA)
• Another program on the same System/34
The interface is provided through basic assembler work station
macroinstructions, RPG II work station support, COBOL work station support(available in Release 5), and COBOL using the work station support subroutines
PRPQ. The support allows System/34 application programs to start andexecute programs in the remote system and to send and receive
variable-length data streams.
In addition, a subsystem that emulates a 3270 BSC data stream is provided.
System/34 emulation of the 3270 allows a System/34 to be added to an
existing BSC telecommunications network of 3270 Information Display
Systems. Data exchanged between the network and the System/34 may beformatted so that the user written application programs running on System/34
need not be concerned with converting the data to the 3270 format. The
subsystem performs the conversion.
The Planning Guide contains more details about the Interactive Communications
feature.

50

SSP Utilities
The SSP utilities perform many of the routine, but necessary, functions thatevery user needs. These utilities eliminate your need to write programs that
perform these common functions. Some utilities manage disk files andprograms on disk. Other utilities initialize, copy, and manage files on diskettes.
Other utilities control the security feature, format the display screen, andspecify system information (such as the date and number of lines printed perpage).

Overlay Linkage Editor
The overlay linkage editor prepares FORTRAN IV, COBOL, and basic assembler
programs for execution. These programs, after the program product processes
them, require further processing before the system runs them. The overlay
linkage editor performs this additional processing.

UTILITIES PROGRAM PRODUCTThe Utilities Program Product assists in creating and maintaining your data files
and programs on disk. The Utilities Program Product contains the following:• DFU (data file utility)• SEU (source entry utility)• Sort utility• Work station utility• SDA (screen design aid utility)

System/34 Program Products

51

Data File Utility
With DFU, you can create, maintain, inquire into, and print your files without
knowing a programming language or writing a program. DFU generates a
program based on the responses to a series of questions displayed on thedisplay screen. When you print a file, for example, the responses indicate
whether you want DFU to :• Sort the file before printing it• Select records based on values of particular fields• Include data from a related file
• Accumulate fields and print the totals• Make computations based on values in the fields, and print the results
Through the prompts and responses, DFU interacts with the operator to createa program that executes the requested functions. DFU is easy to use andsupports simple data entry, report listing, file inquiry, and file update.

52

Source Entry Utility
With SEU, an operator can easily enter and maintain programs on disk. SEU
provides formats that assist in entering:RPG 11 specifications, including auto report
FORTRAN IV spec ifications
COBOL specifications
Basic assembler and macro processor programs
Sort specifications
Work station utility specifications
Display screen format specifications
1255 utility specifications

E!!!ilfJl'iMi ·.SSP

In addition, an operator enters such things as OCL (operation control language)statements in a free-form format; or you can define your own formats that
help enter your own special control statements.
SEU also checks for syntax errors, such as omitting required data or enteringalphabetic data in a numeric field, in RPG II statements including auto report.
If SEU finds an error, SEU displays a message so the operator can correct theerror before SEU stores the program on disk. SEU also allows the operator toinsert or delete a statement or group of statements or to scan a group ofstatements for a specified sequence of characters.

System/34 Program Products

53

Sort Utility
The sort utility arranges the records in your file according to your specifications
and the data in each record.
Sort selects records from the file and places them in an output file in the order
you have defined (ascending, descending, or a special order) .

A
B

c

D
SORT

The sorted output file can contain all or some of the fields from each record of
the original file. The sorted file can also contain all or some of the records
from the original file . You can use sort with DFU to print the records of a filein a particular sequence without changing their sequence in the file on disk. Or
sort can generate a file of the locations (addresses) of the records so you canprocess them in a different sequence without changing their order on disk andwithout creating another file with the same data.

54

Work Station Utility
Work station utility helps display station operators interactively enter and edit
data. Prompts appear on the display screen and the operator enters the data
via the keyboard. Work station utility can perform more complex editing andcalculations than DFU. Rather than responding to questions as in DFU, you
describe the required functions on specification sheets. By defining prompts
and program logic in work station utility statements, the programmer controls
the prompt sequence and subsequent data processing. Preprinted specification
sheets simplify coding of work station utility statements for entry into thesystem. An operator can use SEU to enter these statements.
Work station utility processes each input record after initial entry, stores theresults on disk, and/or displays the results on the display screen. Work station
utility simplifies interactive data entry and processing, combining them into one
program.
The work station utility can also be used to produce disk file inquiry and filemaintenance programs.

Screen Design Aid (SDA) Utility
The System/34 programmer can use the SDA utility to create, change, anddelete System/34 display screen formats and menus. On your request, theSDA utility displays information to guide you through each part of each SDAjob.
The SDA utility allows you to design and change display screen formats
interactively. Thus, you can:• Review the appearance and attributes of a new or changed display screen
format before the format is generated• Avoid coding display screen format specifications
A related option of the SDA utility generates RPG II specifications to reflect
display screen formats used by the RPG II program or WSU program forinquiry, update, or master file maintenance.
The SDA utility can also delete display screen formats. After you name theformat to be deleted, the SDA utility scans a source member for thecorresponding display screen format specifications and deletes the
specifications from the source member.

System/34 Program Products

55

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
A programming language is a special symbolic language that programmers use
to write programs. Each programming language has unique characteristics
suited for specific functions. IBM System/34 has four programming languages
that provide sufficient variety to program many types of applications. A Work
Station Support Subroutines PRPQ that provides full work station support for
COBOL and basic assembler is also available.
• RPG II
• FORTRAN IV• COBOL X3.23-1968 (PRPO)• COBOL X3.23-1974• Basic assembler• Work station support subroutines PRPQ

Each of the languages has preprinted specification sheets on which theprogrammer writes programs. These sheets, and SEU, simplify entry of
program statements into the system.
The following paragraphs explain each System/34 programming language andthe work station support subroutines PRPQ.

RPG IIYou can use RPG II (a commercially oriented programming language) for manybusiness data processing requirements. Programmers can learn RPG II
relatively easily compared to other programming languages. The RPG II
compiler translates the RPG II statements into a program that System/34 canexecute. The compiler also checks for errors and prints diagnostic messages
for any errors found.
System/34 RPG II contains display station support so multiple display stations
can concurrently enter data into the same program. The display station can beeither directly attached or remote. RPG II also includes auto report and BSC
support. Auto report simplifies the defining of formats for reports printed by
RPG II programs, and allows a programmer to include previously written
statements in new programs. Programs can transmit data to, and receive datafrom, other systems or devices via the RPG II BSC support and acommunications adapter.

56

FORTRAN IV
System/34 FORTRAN IV is a high-level programming language and acompiler. You will find FORTRAN IV is especially suited to the
problem-solving requirements of scientific, engineering, mathematical, andcommercial applications. The compiler contains a library of subroutines that
may be used during program execution. These subroutines can perform
mathematical functions, service functions, and commercial subroutines.
The main steps in processing a program written in FORTRAN IV are as
follows:1.

During the compilation step, the FORTRAN compiler analyzes the source
program statements and translates them into an object module.

2.

The overlay linkage editor combines the object module with FORTRAN
subroutines from the library, in addition to any user-written subroutines,
to form a load module.

3.

The load module is then executed under the System/34 system support
program.

System/34 FORTRAN IV contains work station support allowing a single
display station to be attached to a program. Multiple programs can executeconcurrently.
Work station support is provided through four predefined screen formats.
Work station support allowing field formatting is available via a subroutine
supplied with the FORTRAN IV program. This subroutine allows fieldformatting via an SSP utility.

System/34 Program Products

57

COBOL
COBOL (common business oriented language) is a high-level programming
language, similar to English, that is used for .commercial data processing.
COBOL looks and reads much like ordinary business English. The programmer
can use English words and conventional arithmetic symbols to direct andcontrol the operations of the computer. The following are typical COBOL
sentences:
ADD DIVIDENDS TO INCOME.
MULTIPLY UNIT-PRICE BY STOCK-ON-HAND
GIVING STOCK-VALUE.
IF STOCK-ON-HAND IS LESS THAN ORDER-POINT
MOVE ITEM-CODE TO REORDER-CODE.
The main steps in processing a program written in COBOL are as follows:• The COBOL compiler analyzes the source program and translates it into an
object module.
• The overlay linkage editor combines the object module with COBOL
subroutines from the library, in addition to any user-written subroutines, toform a load module.
• The load module is then executed under the System/34 SSP.

58

Two levels of COBOL are provided on System/34:

COBOL PRPQ: Is designed according to an IBM-defined subset of theAmerican National Standard X3.23-1968. The supported implementation levels
are:
1 NUC 1,2
1 SEQ 1,2
2 TBL 1,3
1 RAC 0,3
1 LIB 0,2
1 SEG 0,2
In addition, many of the functions defined in higher levels of NUC, SEQ, andRAC are included, as are many IBM extensions. Work station support isprovided.

COBOL: Will be designed according to an IBM-defined subset of theAmerican National Standard X3.23-1974. The support language level will
conform to the low intermediate level of the Federal Information Processing
Standard (FIPS) COBOL. The supported implementation levels are:
2 NUC 1,2
2 TBL 1,2
2 SEQ 1,2
2 REL 0,2
1 INX 0,2
2 SRT 0,2

1 SEG 0,2
2 LIB 0,2
1 DEB 0,2
1 IPC 0,2

Support will also be provided for many features of higher levels. Among these
are the ANS indexed input/ output and debug modules.
Work station support via ACCEPT/DISPLAY verbs provides input/output one
line at a time. Field formatting work station support and interactive
communications feature support are available via the work station support
subroutines PRPQ in Release 4 and via extensions to the COBOL language in
Release 5.

System/34 Program Products

59Basic Assembler
You can use the basic assembler language for almost any type of application.
Because basic assembler language is highly dependent on the system as wellas the function you wish to perform, programmers require more experience toprogram it effectively. The assembler processor (and overlay linkage editor)translates basic assembler language statements into a program that System/34
can execute. The assembler processor also checks for errors and prints
diagnostic messages for any errors found.
A programmer can write basic assembler language programs as subroutines for
RPG II, FORTRAN IV, and COBOL programs, or as independent basic
assembler programs. For example, the programmer can write subroutines thatprovide unique work station support; these subroutines are then used by RPG
II, FORTRAN IV, or COBOL programs.
Included with the basic assembler language is a macro processor which
processes macroinstructions. A macroinstruction is a special instruction that
represents a group of basic assembler instructions which perform a specifictask, such as writing a record on disk. The macro processor processes eachmacroinstruction, translates it into a number of basic assembler language
instructions, and gives them to the assembler processor for translation into
executable instructions.
You can also write your own macroinstructions to perform frequently usedfunctions. After defining a macroinstruction once, you can easily incorporate it
into basic assembler language programs.
The basic assembler and macro processor program product includes someprewritten macroinstructions; most of them perform input and output
operations. These macroinstructions also support data communications (with orwithout the interactive communications feature) that transmit data to andreceive data from other systems or devices via the communications adapter.

Work Station Support Subroutines PRPQ
These preassembled subroutines provide COBOL and basic assembler users
access to work station data management and to the display station formatting
capabilities of the screen format generator utility. These subroutines support
single or multiple requestor programs (SRT /MRT), never-ending programs(NEP), and single or multiple acquired terminals. In addition, the subroutines
can be used for reading and updating the display station local data area andthe external indicators (UPSI switches).
This PRPQ also provides COBOL and basic assembler users support for accessto the facilities of the interactive communications feature of the SSP.

60

Chapter 5. Operating System/34

IBM System/34 and its program products provide multiple data processing
capabilities but still maintain ease of operation. The SSP includes the operating
aids (described in Chapter 1) that help operators obtain maximum use of yoursystem. Through the SSP, operators control the operation of the system or adisplay station by using control commands, and they run jobs by using
operation control language, procedure commands, or menus.
This chapter describes operator duties and these SSP functions:• OCL (operation control language)• Command statements (procedure commands and control commands)• MenusOPERATORS
Two types of operators run the System/34: the system operator, who keeps
the system ru_nning, and display station operators, who use the system forentering data, inquiring into files, and requesting jobs.
The system operator works at the system console. The system operator's
responsibilities consist of controlling and managing the system functions andattending to the physical requirements of the system. The system functions
include the input job queue and print spooling. The physical requirements
include starting and ending system operation, inserting the proper diskettes,
and keeping the proper forms in the system printer. The system operator also
must handle system error situations that require operator action. The system
operator can, by pressing the appropriate keys, allow the system console tofunction as a display station; the system operator would then also have theduties of a display station operator.
A display station operator's responsibilities vary, depending on how you use
your system. If you use display stations for interactive job processing, adisplay station operator starts the job by entering appropriate information into
the system, monitors the job while it executes, and responds to situations that
may require operator action. If you use display stations to enter data, a display
station operator enters and verifies the data for your particular application. If
you use additional printers, a display station operator can also keep the proper
forms in the printer. A display station operator can operate local or remote
display stations.

Operating System/34

61

OPERATION CONTROL LANGUAGE
An operator can run jobs through OCL (operation control language). OCL is a
special language composed of statements that describe data processing jobs to
the SSP.
The SSP requires certain information, or instructions, before it can perform ajob. For example, the SSP needs the name of the procedure, the names of any
files it must process, the type of output, the date printed on the output, andany additional required information. The programmer writes the OCL that
describes this information to the SSP.
The System/34 SSP OCL is flexible yet relatively easy for a programmer tolearn. An operator, however, instead of learning OCL, can run jobs by usingcommand statements and menus.

COMMAND STATEMENTS
Command statements have two forms: procedure commands and control
commands.
A procedure command tells the SSP to execute a procedure. A procedure is agroup of OCL statements (and possibly utility control statements) that describe
a specific job. The procedure can contain all the information necessary to run
the job or the procedure can request additional information from the operator.
Entering one procedure command is equivalent to entering all of the OCL
statements in the procedure.
An operator enters procedure commands from the keyboard, and the SSP
responds to the operator via the display screen. For example, if an operator
keys a procedure command incorrectly or fails to enter all of the necessary
information, the SSP displays a message identifying the error or requesting themissing information.
The SSP includes a number of procedure commands that control most of thesystem operation when using the system utilities. You can also create
procedures for your programs; you assign a name to a procedure and thatname becomes a procedure command. When an operator wishes to run thatprocedure, this procedure can be entered by command instead of all of the
OCL.
Control commands are simple, often one-word statements to be used by both
system and display station operators. Through these commands, operators
control job execution, control printing operations, communicate with other work
stations, and control the status of various devices.

62

MENUSA menu is a numbered list of brief job descriptions that appears on the display
screen at an operator's request. The operator enters the item number of a job
and that job executes.

COM Mt.ND
MENU

CALCULATE PAY
2 PRINT PAYCHECKS
3. PAYROLL

4. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABtE
5. LAST YEAW S ACCOUNTS&ROSS BUDGET
RECENT ORDER ANALYSIS
8 OLD ORDER ANALYSIS
EXTERNAL BILLING
le LUMBER QN ORDER
11. LUMBER rn STOCK
12 EMPLOYEE ACCOUNTS

Dt

MENU1
13 D4ILY WORK ORDERS

14 ACCOUNTS PAYABLE
15. NEW ACCOUNTS
16 MOHTHLY STOCK REPORT
17 END-Of ·MONTH STATUS
18 YEARLY STOCK REPORT
19. END·OF·YEAR STATUS

2e REPRINT OUT-Of-STOCK ORDERS
21

22.
23
24. MENU2

ENTER NUMBER. COMMMD, DR OCL<· READY

You define your own menus. The definition includes the name of the menu,
the number of items on the menu (up to 24), and the job name and job
description for each item number. You may have many different menus
available to an operator. You may want to group jobs by type; for example, allpayroll jobs on one menu, all sales information jobs on another menu, and all
inventory jobs on a third menu. This keeps related jobs together, and operators
can easily execute _several related jobs consecutively. For additional
information, see Screen Design Aid Utility.
Menus simplify the operator duties by providing, on the display screen, a list ofjobs that they might run, so they do not have to know all the job names. Withmenus, the operator executes jobs without knowledge of procedure commands
or OCL. This can increase operator confidence and simplify operator tasks.
A default menu may be assigned to each operator. When the operator signs
on, that menu is automatically displayed. For information about restricting
operator access to items on the menu, see the index entry security.

Operating System/34

63

EXAMPLE
The following example illustrates the differences between OCL, commandstatements, and menus. You do not need to understand all of the OCL orcommand statements; the purpose of the example is to compare how muchinformation the operator must key in each case.
To run your payroll, you could have three different programs to do thenecessary work. The first program (PAYCALC) takes the information, such ashours worked and rate of pay, from an existing file (WEEKHRS) and calculates
the weekly pay for each employee. PAYCALC saves the results, including
gross pay, itemized deductions, and other related information, in a file
(PAYFILE) for later use.
The second program (CHEKWRIT) uses the information from PAYFILE to print
the payroll checks and to update each employee's payroll record in another file
(EMPLOYEE).
The third program (PAYSUMM) summarizes the results from PAYFILE anduses this summary to update a third file (TOTLFILE) for your entire payroll
record.
To run your payroll using OCL, the operator keys the following:First program
I I LOAD PAYCALCI I FILE NAME-PAYFILE,RECORDS-100,RETAIN-T,DISP-NEWI I FILE NAME-WEEKHRS,RETAIN-P,DISP-OLD
I I RUN
Second program
I I LOAD CHEKWRITI I FORMS LINES-10,FORMSNO-CHKS
11 FILE NAME-PAYFILE,RETAIN-T,DISP-OLD
I I FILE NAME-EMPLOYEE,RETAIN-P,DISP-OLD
I I RUN
Third program
11 LOAD PAYSUMM
11 FILE NAME-PAYFILE,RETAIN-S,DISP-OLD
I I FILE NAME-TOTLFILE,RETAIN-P,DISP-OLD
I I RUN64

To run your payroll using procedure commands, the operator keys thefollowing:First procedure
PAYCALC 1
Second procedure
CHEKWRIT 1
Third procedure
PAYSUMM 1

To run your payroll using a menu, the operator initially keys the menu name(MENU1). When the menu appears, the operator selects the correct number:First job
1
Second job

2
Third job

3

1The above procedure names are the same as the program names in this example. The
procedure names and program names do not have to be the same.

Operating System/34

65

66

Chapter 6. I BM Support and Services

EDUCATION
An IBM System/34 education program is available for:• Executives• User department managers• Data processing department managers• System operators• Display station operators• Programmers/implementors
IBM offers professional courses to these people, for a charge, to teach them
the System/34 data processing skills associated with their jobs. The courses
are available as a:• Classroom lecture-available to all enrollees at the established course priceper student.
• Self-study materials-students pace their learning with the use of manuals
and machine exercises.
Courses on system concepts and features are free. These courses provide anunderstanding of the features, characteristics, and operating principles of IBM
products and services. They may also provide information relating toinstallation planning requirements and data processing concepts.
Your IBM marketing representative or systems engineer can provide the detailsof the System/34 education curriculum as well as the locations and dates of
the classroom courses.
Through proper planning and a thorough understanding of System/34
education, you should be able to implement an individualized program that best
meets your System/34 education needs.

IBM Support and Services

67

CUSTOMER ENGINEERINGIBM customer engineering is the organization that services your system. The
customer engineer, as your service representative, installs your machine;
responds to emergency service calls; coordinates, plans, and installs machine
upgrades; and performs preventive maintenance as required.
Another member of your service team is the program support customer
engineer who assists with system configuration planning, and, if required,provides program temporary fixes for the program products.
To reach your customer engineer or program support customer engineer, justcall IBM Dispatch at any time, day or night, seven days a week. IBM logs yourcall and contacts your service representative.

SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
Skilled assistance in the detailed design and development of data processing
applications is available through IBM Systems Engineering. Whether you
intend to add a new application, expand an existing application, or improveyour system performance, an IBM systems engineer can help.
IBM systems engineers are among the first to learn the details of the new
system and to get hands-on experience; this keeps their knowledge current.
Systems engineers can help you get started earlier, convert faster, and installsooner by aiding you in some of these areas:• System analysis and design• Application design and development• Program design and development• Conversion and implementation planning• Installation evaluation and improvement
The systems engineer is a professional consultant with training and experience
in installing data processing systems. General consultation and planning arefree marketing services. This means the system engineer will help you plan
your computer program requirements, suggest ways to write the programs
more efficiently, assist in defining training requirements for your personnel so
you can develop your own technical self-sufficiency, and monitor your progress
toward your data processing goals. Billable systems engineering services areavailable when you require more detailed assistance.

68Appendix A. I BM System/34 Publications Summary

Svstem/34 Publications
Introductions

Planning
Guide

Install &Modification
PP and PhysicalConcepts and

Setup

Design Guidesp

OperatingOperators'
GuidesSDA

FORTRANIV

Basic Assembler
LPS

FORTRAN IV
LPSFunctions

Setup

Reference

Procedures

CMD Stmts

Basic Assembler

Ref Summary

Reference

FORTRAN IV
Reference

COBOL PRPOLPS.COBOL
LPDO

SEU

Sort

WU

Overlay Link.

Editor
Reference

1255
ReferenceBas•c Assembler
Logic

FORTRAN IV

COBOL PRPQ

Logic

Supplement

DFU

Reference

Maintenance

COBOL
Reference

Theory/MaintenanceDiagnostic Aids

SDA
Reference

Theory/Diagrams

AttachData Areas andData
Communications

Data

5340

5250

SSP
LPS

Messages

Reference

COBOL

Hardware

Basic
Assembler

DFU

Guide

Communications

Installation/

Physical Plan.

Sort
Reference

wsu
Reference

WS Support
Subroutines

PAPQ LPDO

Dru
Communications

Logic

IBM System/34 Publications Summary

69

This appendix contains a description of each System/34 manual that iscurrently available. The manuals are grouped by category (general information,
operating information, and so forth). For a complete description of all
System/34 publications see the latest IBM System/34 Bibliography,
GH30-0231.

GENERAL INFORMATIONIBM System/34 Introduction, GC21-5153. This manual describes the IBM
System/34 and its data processing capabilities in today's businessenvironment.
IBM 5250 Information Display System Introduction, GA21-9246. This manual
describes the IBM 5250 Information Display System, which includes the IBM
5251 and 5252 Display Stations and the IBM 5256 Printer.
IBM System/34 Planning Guide, GC21-5154. This manual provides information
concerning the functions of System/34 and System/34 program products. The
information provided can be used to plan for the type of System/34 required.
IBM System/34 Concepts arid Design Guide, SC21- 7742. This manual is
primarily for System/34 designers, analysts, and programmers who arechanging a centralized operating environment to a work station operating
environment. This manual is also for the installation manager who must plan
for and help with the installation of a System/34.
IBM System/34 Installation Manual-Physical Planning, GA21-9242. Thismanual provides physical, electrical, and environmental specifications andoffers suggestions for preparing the data processing area before the system
arrives.
IBM 5250 Information Display System Planning and Site Preparation Guide,GA21-9337. This manual is intended to assist in the planning and installationof an IBM 5250 Information Display System (the work stations for your
System/34). It provides physical, electrical and environmental specifications
and explains how to order, assemble, and install cables for the display system.

70

OPERATING INFORMATIONIBM System/34 Operator's Guide, SC21-5158. This manual provides theinformation needed to operate the System/34.
IBM 5256 Printer Operator's Guide, GA21-9260. This manual provides theinformation needed to operate the IBM 5256 Printer.
IBM 5251 Display Stations Models 1 and 11 and IBM 5252 Dual Display Station
Operator's Guide, GA21-9248. This manual provides the information needed tooperate the IBM 5251 Display Station Models 1 and 11 and the IBM 5252
Dual Display Station.
IBM 5251 Display Stations Models 2 and 12 Operator's Guide, GA21-9323.
This manual provides the information needed to operate the IBM 5251 Display
Stations Models 2 and 12.
IBM System/34 Displayed Messages Guide, SC21-5159. This manual lists anddescribes all displayed messages, including the recovery procedures for eachmessage.
IBM 5211 Printer Models 1 and 2 Component Description and Operator's Guide,GA21-3658. This manual serves as a comprehensive reference to the major
printer components, method of printing and control. and operating proceduresfor the IBM 5211 Printer.

SETUP PROCEDURES
IBM 5251 Display Station Models 1 and 11 Setup Procedure, GA21-9286. Thismanual provides the customer with a step-by-step procedure that explains
how to set up and check out the IBM 5251 Display Station offline, how toconnect the display station to the system, how to set the switches, and how to
perform the online checkout.
IBM 5251 Display Station Models 2 and 12 Setup Procedure, GA21-9289. Thismanual provides the customer with a step-by-step procedure that explains
how to set up and check out the IBM 5251 Display Station offline, how toconnect the display station to the communications equipment, how to set theswitches, and how to perform the online checkout.
IBM 5252 Dual Display Station Setup Procedures, GA21-9288. This manual
provides the customer with a step-by-step procedure that explains how to set
up and check out the IBM 5252 Dual Display Station, how to connect thedisplay station to the system, how to set the switches, and how to perform theonline checkout.
IBM 5256 Printer Setup Procedure, GA21-9290. This manual provides thecustomer with a step-by-step procedure that explains how to set up andcheck out the IBM 5256 Printer offline, how to connect the printer to thesystem, how to set the switches, and how to perform the online checkout.

IBM System/34 Publications Summary

71

LICENSED PROGRAM SPECIFICATIONS (LPSs)
IBM System/34 System Support Program Product Licensed Program
Specifications, GC21- 7702. This LPS gives a brief description of the System
Support Program Product.
IBM System/34 Utilities Program Product Licensed Program Specifications,GC21- 7659. This LPS gives a brief description of the Utilities Program
Product.
IBM System/34 RPG II Program Product Licensed Program Specifications,GC21- 7669. This LPS gives a brief description of the RPG II Program Product.
IBM System/34 Basic Assembler and Macro Processor Program Product
Licensed Program Specifications, GC21 - 7677. This LPS gives a brief
description of the Basic Assembler and Macro Processor Program Product.
IBM System/34 FORTRAN IV Program Product Licensed Program Specifications,GC21- 7685. This CPS gives a brief description of the FORTRAN IV Program
Product.
IBM System/34 Subset 1968 ANS COBOL Compiler and Library PRPQ Licensed
Program Specifications, GC21- 7784. This LPS gives a brief description of the
COBOL PRPQ program product.

LICENSED PROGRAM DESIGN OBJECTIVES (LPDO)IBM System/34 System Support Program Product (SSP) Licensed Program
Design Objectives, GC21- 7701. This LPDO gives a brief description of the
System Support Program Product.
IBM System/34 COBOL Program Product Licensed Program Design Objectives,
GC21-7737. This LPDO gives a brief description of the COBOL Program
Product.
IBM System/34 Work Station Support Subroutines PRPQ Licensed Program
Design Objectives, GC21- 7808. This LPDO gives a brief description of theWork Station Support Subroutines PRPQ.

72

REFERENCE INFORMATION-SYSTEM SUPPORT PROGRAM PRODUCTIBM System/34 System Support Reference Manual, SC21-5155. This reference
manual provides programmers with information needed to establish
administrative and operating procedures for an IBM System/34. This manual
also provides programmers with the reference information needed to identify
and use the OCL statements, SSP procedures, control commands, and SSP
utility programs required to perform desired functions.
IBM System/34 Installation and Modification Reference Manual: Program
Products and Physical Setup, SC21- 7689. This manual provides instructions forcompleting the planning chart and the network diagram. There are references
to guide you through the physical setup of the system, procedures to perform
installation or modification of the SSP (System Support Program Product,
Program 5726-551 ), and procedures to add the additional program productsthat have been ordered.
IBM System/34 Command Statements Reference Summary, GX21- 7690. This
pocket size booklet contains the formats and a summary of the functions of
the System/34 command statements.
IBM System/34 Overlay Linkage Editor Reference Manual, SC21-7707. Thismanual describes how to use the ov.erlay linkage editor program to link edit an
object module into a load module.
IBM System/34 Data Communications Reference Manual, SC21- 7703. Thismanual provides the programmer with reference information necessary to write
System/34 BSC programs and to use the MRJE (MULTI-LEAVING Remote
Job Entry) and SRJE (SNA Remote Job Entry) utilities.
IBM System/34 1255 Magnetic Character Reader Reference Manual,SC21-7740. This manual provides reference information for use.rs of the
System/34 with an IBM 1255 Magnetic Character Reader attached. It
describes the coding necessary to program the 1255 to run under System/34
SSP control.

IBM System/34 Publ<ications Summary

73

REFERENCE INFORMATION-OTHER PROGRAM PRODUCTS
IBM System/34 Data File Utility Reference Manual, SC21- 7656. This manual
describes DFU for programmers who define and run DFU jobs to create andmaintain System/34 data files.
IBM System/34 Source Entry Utility Reference Manual, SC21-7657. Thismanual describes how to use SEU to create and maintain source andprocedure members in System/34 libraries.
IBM System/34 Sort Reference Manual, SC21-7658. This manual describes thetypes of sort and explains the procedures to run the sort program on the
System/34.
IBM System/34 Work Station Utility Reference Manual, SC21- 7663. Thismanual describes how to code and debug WSU programs.
IBM System/34 Screen Design Aid Programmer's Guide and Reference,SC21-7716. This manual describes how to use the screen design aid utility tocreate and maintain display screen formats and menus.
IBM System/34 RPG II Reference Manual, SC21- 7667. This manual describes
how to write, test, and maintain RPG II programs for System/34.
IBM System/34 Basic Assembler and Macro Processor Reference Manual,SC21-7705. This manual describes the basic assembler functions, coding
conventions, programming conventions, and addressing. The macro processor
is described and the coding of a macroinstruction is explained.
IBM System/34 FORTRAN IV Reference Manual, SC21- 7706. This reference
manual describes the System/34 FORTRAN IV language, compiler, andcommercial subroutines.
IBM System/34 COBOL Reference Manual, SC21- 7741. This manual contains
reference material needed to help an experienced COBOL programmer to code,
compile, and debug complete COBOL programs on the System/34. Various
COBOL language functions, system dependencies, and special features are also
described in detail. This reference manual is based on the 1974 ANS COBOL
standard and discusses all IBM extensions.
IBM System/34 COBOL Supplement PRPQ Information Manual, GC21- 7752.
This manual, used in conjunction with the /BM System/3 Subset American
National Standard COBOL Reference Manual, GC28-6452, describes how towrite, test, and maintain COBOL programs for the System/34.

74

LOGIC INFORMATION-SYSTEM SUPPORT PROGRAM PRODUCTIBM System/34 System Data Areas and Diagnostic Aids Handbook, LY21-0049.
This manual describes the system data areas, their locations and contents. It
describes and shows how to use the diagnostic aids available on the
System/34.
IBM System/34 System Support Program Logic Manual: System, LY21-0050.
This manual describes the functions of the system support program and how it
provides programming support to start the system, process commands, start ajob, and terminate a job.
IBM System/34 System Support Program Logic Manual: Data Communications,
LY21-0051. This manual describes the functions, characteristics, operation,and organization of the System/34 data communications component.

LOGIC INFORMATION-OTHER PROGRAM PRODUCTS
IBM System/34 Utilities Logic Manual, LY21-0563. This manual is designed toaid IBM service personnel in supporting the IBM System/34 Utility Program
Product. This manual serves as a recall/reference mechanism and as a guideto listings for WSU, SDA, DFU, SEU, and Sort.
IBM System/34 RPG II Logic Manual, LY21-0565. This manual describes the
RPG II compiler and the RPG II object program that is generated by thecompiler.
IBM System/34 Basic Assembler and Macro Processor Logic Manual,
LY21-0569. This manual describes the IBM System/34 Basic Assembler andMacro Processor program product.
IBM System/34 and IBM System/32 FORTRAN IV Logic Manual, LY21-0568.
This manual describes the FORTRAN IV compiler and the object program thatis generated by the compiler.

IBM System/34 Publications Summary

75

HARDWARE INFORMATIONIBM System/34 Functions Reference Manual, SA21-9243. This manual
describes the machine instructions, status bytes, and other information needed
to understand system programs from the hardware viewpoint.
IBM System/34 5340 System Unit Theory-Diagrams Manual, SY31-0458. Thismanual describes how the System/34 5340 System Unit works. Jt also
describes the functions and circuits within the system unit.
IBM System/34 5340 System Unit Maintenance Manual, SY31-0457. Thismanual describes the removal, replacement, adjustments, service checks, andlocations of all mechanical parts in the System/34 5340 System Unit.
IBM System/34 1255 Attachment Feature Theory/Maintenance, SY31-0521.
This manual contains the theory and maintenance information for attachmentof the IBM 1255 Magnetic Character Header to System/34.
IBM 5250 Functions Reference Manual, SA21-9247. This manual describes the
programming requirements for coding the controller in the 5251 Model 2 or 12;
the controller controls all 5250 devices attached via a cluster feature (either
Cluster Feature or Dual Cluster Feature). It also provides information applicable
to designing configurations using the 5250 devices and to determining
error-related problems in the devices.
A knowledge of SNA/SDLC is a prerequisite to using this manual.

Glossary

auto report: A function of the RPG II program productthat simplifies the defining of formats for printed reports
and allows the inclusion of previously written statements
into new programs.
basic assembler language: A programming languagethat experienced programmers can use to write
programs, which depend on the system as well as theapplication.
binary synchronous communications (BSC): A
flexible form of line control that provides a set of rules
for transferring data over a communications line
connecting two devices that use a communications
adapter.

concurrent processing: A method of processing inwhich two or more jobs appear to be processing at thesame time. Actually, the instructions of each job areprocessed one at a time, but alternating in such afashion as to make the most efficient use of the system.
control command: A command statement used by anoperator to control system or display station operation.
data communications: The transmission of data
between systems and/or devices over acommunications line.
DFU (data file utility): Part of the Utilities Program
Product that is used to create, maintain, and display or
print data files.

byte: The representation of a character.
character set: A group of characters used for a specificpurpose; for example, the set of characters a printer canprint.

disk: A flat, circular plate with a magnetic surface on
which programs and files can be stored.
disk file: An organized collection of related records on
disk that are treated as a unit.

COBOL: Common business oriented language. A
high-level programming language, similar to English,that is used for commercial data processing.

diskette: A thin, flexible magnetic disk permanently
enclosed in a semirigid, protective jacket.

command function keys: The 14 keys in the top rowof the display station keyboard that are used with the
Cmd key to request functions of program products anduser programs.

diskette magazine drive: A diskette drive that holds
up to 23 diskette 1's or diskette 2D's. The system canaccess the diskettes under SSP program control withoutmanual intervention.

command statement: A statement that requests theperformance of a particular function. The two types ofcommand statements are control commands andprocedure commands.

display screen: The part of a display station on which
data, messages, or other information is displayed.

communications adapter: A hardware feature thatenables System/34 to become part of a data
communications network.
communications line: A circuit, such as a leased line
or a telephone circuit, used for data communications.
compilttr: A program that translates a series of
instructions written in a programming language into a
program the system can execute.

display station: An input/output device containing adisplay screen on which data is displayed, and an
attached keyboard from which data is entered. It canbe used to request jobs and/or enter data. A display
station can be designated as the system console or as acommand or data display station at system configurationtime.
dual display station: An input/output device containing
two keyboards, each cable-connected to a common
tabletop display.

Glossary77

file: An organized collection of related records treatedas a unit.

menu: A displayed list of items {usually jobs) fromwhich the operator makes a selection.

FORTRAN: A high-level programming language usedprimarily for scientific, engineering, and mathematicalapplications.

MAJE (MULTI-LEAVING Remote Job Entry): A
system utility that enables you to submit jobs to a hostsystem and to receive the job results and output datafrom that host system using BSC.

function control keys: Special keys on the keyboard
used to request specific system functions.
half duplex: Allowing bi-directional data
communications but not simultaneously.
hardware: The physical equipment, as opposed to theprogramming, of a system.
input: Data to be processed.
input job queue: A list of jobs on disk that are waiting
to be processed by the system.
inquiry: A request {entered from a display station) for
information in storage.
interactive communications feature: A feature of the
System/34 SSP that provides support for interactive
communications {BSC and SNA/SDLC), remote
procedure initiation on the System/34, andcommunications line monitoring on a multipoint line
{System/34 as a tributary station).
keyboard: A systematic arrangement of keys by which
commands, control statements, and data are enteredinto a computer.
keylock: A security device that provides the operator
with a lock and key that can be used to restrict use of
the display station to authorized personnel.
local work station: A work station up to 1520 meters(5000 feet) from the 5340 System Unit and attached toit via a cable. Contrast with remote work station.
magazine: A container that holds up to ten diskettes.
A magazine is inserted into a diskette magazine drive.
main storage: The general purpose storage of acomputer.
megabyte: One million bytes.

78

multiprogramming: The concurrent processing of two
or more programs.
OCL {operation control language): A programming
language used to identify a job and its processing
requirements to the system support program product.
output: Data delivered or ready to be delivered from adevice .or program, usually after some processing of
input data.
print belt: A belt containing the characters that the5211 /3262 Printers can print.
print spooling: A part of the system support program
product that provides temporary storage of print data on
disk.
procedure: A set of related OCL statements, andpossibly utility control statements, that cause a specificfunction or set of functions to be performed.
procedure command: A command statement that runs
a procedure.
processing unit: The parts of a computer that performthe processing and control functions for the system,
perform operations on data, and control output.
program: A sequence of instructions written in a
special form the computer can interpret. A program tells
a computer where to get input, how to process it, andwhere to put the results.
program product: An IBM-written, licensed program
for which a monthly charge is made. A program productperforms functions related to processing user data.
protocol: In SNA, the sequencing rules for requests
and responses by which network addressable units in acommunications network coordinate and control datatransfer operations and other operations.

remote work station: A work station that uses data
communications to interface with the system unit.
Contrast with local work station.

systems network architecture (SNA): An IBM
communications protocol for controlling informationtransfer in a data communications network.

RPG II: A commercially oriented programming language
specifically designed for writing application programs
that meet common business data processing
requirements.

utility control statement: A control statement thatgives a utility program information concerning the output
to produce or the way the program is to perform its
function.

SDA (screen design aid): A part of the Utilities
Program Product used to create, change, and delete
display screen formats and menus.

work station: A device that lets a user transmit
information to or receive information from a computer,or both, as needed to perform his or her job; forexample, a display station or a printer.

SDLC: See synchronous data link control.
SEU (source entry utility): A part of the Utilities
Program Product used to enter and update proceduresand programs.

work station utility: A part of the Utilities Program
Product that performs an interactive data entry and edit
function.

SNA: See systems network architecture.

1255 Magnetic Character Reader: A machine that
reads and sorts documents that are inscribed withmagnetic ink.

sort program: A part of the Utilities Program Productused to arrange records in a predetermined sequenceaccording to data contained in one or more specificfields within the records.

3262 Printer: A,printer that prints all characters of aline in a single operation. See also 5211 Printer.

spooling: See print spooling.
SRJE (SNA Remote Job Entry): A system utility thatallows the user to submit jobs to and get results from a
System/370 by means of a communications line using
SNA/SDLC protocols.
swapping: Temporarily removing an active job frommain storage, saving it on disk, and processing anotherjob in the area formerly occupied by the first job.
synchronous data link control (SDLC): A disciplinethat manages data transfer over a communications linethat connects two devices.
system console: A display station attached directly tothe system unit that is designated to activate certain
system functions, and control and monitor system
operation, in addition to functioning as a display station.
system printer: The printer, named at system
configuration time, that is used for the system anddisplay station printed output, unless the output isspecifically directed to another printer.

3741 Data Station: A key entry station used to record
data onto a diskette.
5211 Printer: A printer that prints all characters of aline in a single operation. See also 3262 Printer.
5251 Display Station: An input/output device
containing a display screen on which data is displayed,
and an attached keyboard from which data is entered.
5252 Dual Display Station: An input/output device
containing two keyboards and two 960-character display
screens, each cable-connected to a common tabletop
display.
5256 Printer: A printer that prints characters one at atime.
5260 Retail System: A point-of-sale terminal thatprovides traditional cash register functions as well as
data collection capabilities.
5340 System Unit: The part of System/34 that houses
the disk, diskette drive or diskette magazine drive,
processing unit, and communications adapter.

Glossary79

80

IndexA font, OCR numeric27
adapter, communications(see also data communications)
BSC and SDLC
48
data communications
17
definition77
description
36
applicability to your business7
assembler, basic
data communications
48
definition77
description
60
entering
53
link-editing
51
auto report
definition77
description
56
entering
53

B font, OCR numeric27
badge reader, magnetic stripe
30, 47
basic assembler
data communications
48
definition77
description
60
entering
53
link-editing
51
batch data entry
12batch processing
8(see also centralized environments)
bidirectional printing
28
binary synchronous communications
basic assembler support
60
communications adapter
36
data communications
48
definition
77
RPG II support
56
BSC (see binary synchronous communications)business applicability
7
byte
77

cable thru feature
15
centralized environments
8character set
definition77
multinational
26, 28, 32, 34
printers
25
classes, education
67
COBOL
58
definition77
command function keys
(see also function control keys)
definition77
description
3
keyboard
33
command statements
definition77
description
62
operating aid
3
communication, operator
operator-to-operator
3
program-to-operator
3
communications (see data communications)communications adapter(see also data communications)
BSC and SDLC
48
data communications
17
definition77
description
36
communications line
77
compilerdefinition
77
RPG II
56
concepts of data processing
3
concurrent peripheral operations {see spooling)
control commands
definition77
description
62
operating aid
3
conversational processing (see interactive data entry,
interactive job processing)courses, education
67
customer engineering
68

Index

81

data communications
communications adapter
36
definition77
description
48
environments
12
growth17
SRJE
49
system feature
data entry
12
Data Entry Station, 3741
batch processing
8exchanging data
21
data file utility (DFU)
definition77
description
52
data processing concepts
3
default menu
63
developing a job
4devices19
DFU (see data file utility)
disk files
definition
77
entering and updating (DFU)
52
processing (work station utility)
55
sorting
54
space on disk
21
disk storage
definition77
description
20
expressing capacities
6
growth14
in system unit2
diskette
definition77
description
21
expressing capacities
6
growth14
in system unit2
diskette drive
description of types
23
in system unit2
diskette magazine drive
definition77
description
24
system hardware
14
Diskette 1
23
Diskette 2D23
display screen, 5251 /5252
definition77
description
35
in display station2
display screen format specifications
53
display station (see 5251 Display Station)
display station keylocks
display station feature30
security1display station operator
background2
duties of61
distributed data processing environments
13
dual display station (see 5252 Dual Display Station)

82

education
67
environments
centralized
8
operating2
remote work station
work station
10

7

file

78
(see also disk files)
formats of diskettecapacities
23
description
6
FORTRAN IV
57
defintion
78
function control keys
(see also command function keys)
definition78
description
3
keyboard
33

growth capabilities

14

half-duplex communications
definition78
description
36
hardwaredefinition78
description
19
hardware growth14
hardware publications
76
help function
41

inputdefinition
78
function in data processing
4
input job queue
definition78
description
46
system option
inquirydefinition78
system option
using display stations for
12interactive communications featureinteractive data entry
12

job processing
12
job queue, input
definition78
description
46
system option
1
job, developing and running

K bytes6
keyboard
definition78
description
32
design3
in display station2
special keys
3
key locks
definition78
display station feature
security
1

50

4

30

languages, programming
56
licensed program design objectives
list of72
purpose of
39
line printer (see 5211 Printer, 3262 Printer)linkage editor, overlay
description
51
for basic assembler
60
local work stations
definition78
description
15

macroinstructions
data communications
45
description
60
magazine
78
Magnetic Character Reader, 1255
description
37
entering specifications
42
SSP support
40
magnetic stripe reader
30, 47main storage
definition
78
expressing capacities
6
growth14
in processing unit
19
swapping
42
megabyte78
menu
control program access
1, 4 7
default
63
definition78
description and example
63
security
1, 47
system option
MRJE (see MULTI-LEAVING remote job entry)
MULTI-LEAVING remote job entry (MRJE)
definition78
description
48
multinational character set support
26, 28, 32, 34
multiprogramming
definition78
description
42
growth16
system option

OCL (see operation control language)
operating characteristics
aids
3
descriptions
61
operating environments
description
7
system option
operation control language (OCL)
definition78
description
62
entering
53
operator communication
operator-to-operator
3
program-to-operator
3
operators
background2
duties61
outputdefinition
78
function in data processing
4
overlay linkage editor
description
51
for basic assembler
60
overview, system
1

Index

83

passwords
security
47
system option

print belt

178

printer(see also 3262 Printer, 5211 Printer.
5256 Printer)description
25
growth14
system components
2
print spoolingdefinition78
description
44
system option
1
printers as work stations
functions of
25
system components
2
procedures
definition78
description
6·2
procedure commands
defini·tion
78
description
62
operating aid
3
processing
4
processing unit
definition78
description
19
in system unit2
multiprogramming
42
program products
definition78
description39
function in data processing
4
program support customer engineer
68
programming languages
56
programs
definition
78
entering
53
function in data processing
4
programming languages
56
pubfications, relatediv
publications summary
69

queue, input fob
definition78
description
46
system option

84

related publications iv
remote work station
definition79
description
16
rotHn. roll-out (see swapping)

RPG II
data communications
definition79
description
56
entering
53
mnning a j,ob
description
4
example642SCfeen Design Aid Utility
definition79
description
55
screen, display
definition71
description
35
in display station 2
SDA (see Screen Design Aid Utility)
sector6
security
description
47
magnetic stripe badge reader
1, 47
menu
1, 47
system option
1
serial printer (see 5256 Printer}
services and support
67
SEU (see source entry utility)
SNA/SDLC (see synchronous data fink control, systems
network architecture)sortdefinition79
description
54
entering
53
source entry utility {SEU}
definition79
description
53
spooling (see. print spooling)
SRJE
definition79
description
49
SSP (see system support program product}storage (see main storage, disk storage, diskette}
support and services
67
swapping
definition79
description
42
synchronous data link control (SDLC)(see also systems network architecture)communications adapter
36
data communications
48
definition
79
system console
definition79
display station as2
purpose of30

system operator
background.2
duties61
system overview
system printerfunction of25
printer as
2spooling
44
system support program product (SSP)
description40
function in data processing
4
system unit (see 5340 System Unit)
system utilities
commands for
62
description
51
System/32, exchanging diskettes with
23
System/370, communications with48
systems engineering
88
systems network architecture .(SNA)(see also synchronous data link control)
data communications
48
definition
791255 Magnetic Character Reader
definition79
description
37
entering specification for
53
SSP support403262 Printerdefinition79
description
26
system component
2translation capability
273741 Data Entry Stationbatch processing
8
definition
79
exchanging data
215211 Printerdefinition79
description
26
system component
2translation capability
275251 Display Station
definition79
description
29
system ·component
25252 Dual Display Station
definition79
description
31
system component
25256 Printerdefinition79
description
28
system component
25260 Retail System
38
5340 System Unit
definition
79
disk
20
diskette
21
processing unit
19
system component
2

teleprocessing (see data communications)terminal (see display station, work station)translation capability, 5211 /3262
27

utilities program productutility control statements
definition79
in procedures
62
utility programs
commands for
62
description
51
operating aid
3

51

work station environments
10
work station support, RPG II
56
work station support subroutines (PRPQ)
work station utility
definition79
description
55
entering .specifications for53
work stations
definition79
description
15
displays stations as2
environments
10
printers as
2

·:fiO

Jndex

85

86

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