ᒣ㝧Ꮫᅬ▷ᮇ኱Ꮫ⣖せ㻌 ➨ 㻠㻟 ᕳ㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕㻌ཎⴭㄽᩥ㻌ᴫᛕ⩌䛾㝵ᒙ໬᪉␎䛜▱㆑⋓ᚓ䛻ཬ䜌䛩ᙳ㡪㻌How the hierarchical systematization of concepts effect the waysof knowledge acquisition?
ⓙᕝ㻌 㡰㻝㻌Jun, MINAGAWA䜻䞊䝽䞊䝗䠖㻌 ᴫᛕᆅᅗἲ䚸㐃᝿ㄢ㢟䚸㐃᝿ㄒ䛾⾲ฟ㡰఩䚸㝵ᒙⓗᵓ㐀Key words䠖 Concept Mapping, association task, order of the recall of associatedwords, hierarchical structureᮏ◊✲䛿䚸㐃᝿ㄢ㢟䜢⏝䛔䛶ᴫᛕ⩌䛾㝵ᒙⓗయไ໬䛸Ꮫ⩦䛥䜜䛯ᴫᛕ⩌䛾᝿㉳㡰ᗎ䛸䛾㛵㐃䜢ㄪ䜉䜛䛯䜑䛻⾜䜟䜜䛯䚹㻡㻡 ྡ䠄⏨Ꮚ 㻞 ྡ䚸ዪᏊ 㻡㻟 ྡ䠅䛾▷ᮇ኱ᏛᏛ⏕䛜ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹㻌ᐇ㦂⪅䛿ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅䛻䚸䛂ᚰ⌮Ꮫ䚸Ꮫ⩦䚸᮲௳䛵䛡䛃䛸䛔䛖䠏ㄒ䜢᪥ᮏㄒ䛷䚸䝟䝽䞊䝫䜲䞁䝖䜢⏝䛔䛶䠏ᅇ䚸㡰ᗎ䜢ኚ䛘䛶䝷䞁䝎䝮䛻ᥦ♧䛧䛯䚹ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅䛿ึ䜑䛻䚸⮬ศ䛜ぢ䛯༢ㄒ䛛䜙㐃᝿䛩䜛ゝⴥ䜢᭩䛝䚸䜎䛯䛭䜜䛜ఱ䛸䛔䛖ゝⴥ䛛䜙㐃᝿䛥䜜䛯䛛䜢䚸䛒䜙䛛䛨䜑㓄ᕸ䛥䜜䛯 㻭㻠 䛾⏝⣬䛻ㄝ᫂䛩䜛䜘䛖ồ䜑䜙䜜䛯䚹䛭䛾⤖ᯝ䛛䜙䚸グ᠈ෆᐜ䛜ᵓ㐀໬ᵓ㐀䛻ᇶ䛵䛝㞄᥋䛩䜛ᴫᛕ⩌䜢᝿㉳䛧䛯䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅䛾᪉䛜䚸䛭䜜௨እ䛾ᴫᛕ䜢᝿㉳䛧䛯ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅䜘䜚䜒䚸▱㆑䛾యไ໬䛾⛬ᗘ䜢཯ᫎ䛩䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛஦ᚋ䝔䝇䝖ᡂ⦼䛜᭷ព䛻ඃ䜜䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜♧䛥䜜䛯䚹㻌An association task was carried out to examine the relationship between thehierarchical systematization of concepts and the order of the recollection oflearned concepts.
College students (N=55; 2males and 53 females) participated the experiment.
The experimenter showed participants
three words(Psychology, Leaning,conditioning ; in Japanese) 2 seconds per words three times randomly using theprojector. At first, participants were asked to㻌 recall the words freely after they
saw them, and then to explain about each recalled words from which㻌 words they
associated.
The result revealed that participants who recollect the concepts hierarchically
got significantly better points in the end-term test which thought to reflect the1ᒣ㝧Ꮫᅬ▷ᮇ኱Ꮫᗂඣᩍ⫱Ꮫ⛉Department of Pre-Elementary Education, Sanyo Gakuen College-1-ⓙᕝ㻌 㻦㻌 ᴫᛕ⩌䛾㝵ᒙ໬᪉␎䛜▱㆑⋓ᚓ䛻ཬ䜌䛩ᙳ㡪㻌

degree of the organization of learners’ knowledge.
㻌ၥ㢟䛸┠ⓗ㻌㻭㼡㼟㼡㼎㼑㼘㻘㻰㻚㻼㻚㻔㻝㻥㻢㻠㻕䛻䜘䜜䜀䚸ᛮ⪃䛾ὶ䜜䛿䜘䜚୍⯡ⓗ䛺ୖ఩ᴫᛕ䛛䜙ୗ఩ᴫᛕ䜈䛸ྥ䛛䛖䚹㻺㼛㼢㼍㼗㻌 㻒㻌 㻳㼛㼣㼕㼚㻔㻝㻥㻤㻠㻕䛿䛣䛾 㻭㼡㼟㼡㼎㼑㼘 䛾⪃䛘䜢ᩍ⫱䛾ሙ㠃䛻䛚䛔䛶ᛂ⏝䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䚸Ꮫ⩦⪅䛾䠍᪤᭷䛾ㄆ▱ᵓ㐀䛾እ໬ཬ䜃 㻞㻚䛭䛾Ꮫ⩦ẁ㝵䛻䛚䛔䛶ጇᙜ䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛᪂䛯䛺ㄆ▱ᵓ㐀䛾ᙧᡂ䚸䛾䛯䜑䛻ᴫᛕᆅᅗἲ㻔㻯㼛㼚㼏㼑㼜㼠㻌 㻹㼍㼜㼜㼕㼚㼓㻕䜢㛤Ⓨ䛧䛯䚹䛣䜜䛿㛵㐃䛾䛒䜛ᴫᛕ⩌䜢ୖ఩ᴫᛕ䛛䜙ୗ఩ᴫᛕ䜈䛸㝵ᒙⓗ䛻ศ㢮䛧䚸䛛䛴ᴫᛕ⩌䛾㛵ಀグ㏙䜢⾜䛖䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹ᴫᛕ䛿䝜䞊䝗䛾఩⨨䛻グ㏙䛥䜜䚸䝸䞁䜽䛿䝜䞊䝗㛫䜢䛴䛺䛠⥺䛷䛒䜚䚸䜎䛯㛵ಀグ㏙ᩥ䛿䝸䞁䜽䝷䝧䝹䛸࿧䜀䜜䚸ᇶᮏⓗ䛻⥺䛾ୖ䛻᭩䛛䜜䜛䚹㻌㻲㼕㼓㼡㼞㼑㻌㻝㻌 㧗ᰯ⏕䛾సᡂ䛧䛯䚸඾ᆺⓗ䛺ᴫᛕᆅᅗ䛾౛䠄ⓙᕝ㻌 㻞㻜㻜㻝㻌 䛂ᴫᛕᆅᅗἲ䛻䜘䜛▱㆑⋓ᚓᨭ᥼䛾◊✲䛃㼜㻚㻝㻜㻜 䜘䜚䠅㻌㻌㻌 ⓙᕝ㻔㻝㻥㻥㻥㻕䛿ᴫᛕᆅᅗ䛾ㅖせ⣲䛻㛵䛧䛶䚸୺䛸䛧䛶Ꮫᰯ⌧ሙ䛻䛚䛡䜛ຠᯝⓗ䛺▱㆑⋓ᚓಁ㐍ἲ䛾㛤Ⓨཬ䜃▱㆑⋓ᚓせᅉ䛾ྠᐃ䜢┠ⓗ䛻ᐇ㦂䜢⾜䛳䛯䚹䛭䛾⤖ᯝ䚸ᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶䜢⾜䛔䛺䛜䜙ᴫᛕᆅᅗἲ䜢ά⏝䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䛿䚸Ꮫ⩦⪅⮬䜙䛜䝸䞁䜽䝷䝧䝹䜢ᴟ䜑䛶ヲ⣽䛻ㄪ䜉䛶᭩䛟䛣䛸䛜䚸య⣔ⓗ䛺▱㆑⋓ᚓ䛻䛚䛡䜛㔜せ䛺ಁ㐍せᅉ䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜♧䛥䜜䛯䚹㻌௚᪉䚸Ꮫ⩦⪅䛜ㅖ䚻䛾ᴫᛕ䛾ෆໟཬ䜃እ⦕䜢⌮ゎ䛧䚸㝵ᒙⓗᵓ㐀䛾୰䛾ᴫᛕ䛾఩⨨䜢ṇ☜䛻ᢕᥱ䛧䛶䛔䜛ሙྜ䚸ᚲ䛪䛧䜒䝸䞁䜽䝷䝧䝹䜢⥥ᐦ䛻䛿ᥥ䛛䛺䛟䛶䜒ᴫᛕ⩌䜢య⣔ⓗ䛻ᢕᥱ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛿▱䜙䜜䛶䛔䛯䚹ⓙᕝ㻔㻝㻥㻥㻥㻘㻞㻜㻜㻝㻕䛿ᐇ㦂䜢⾜䛔䚸య⣔ⓗ䛻ᵓ⠏໬䛥䜜ᚓ䜛ᴫᛕ⩌䛻㛵䛧䛶㐃᝿ㄢ㢟䜢ᐇ᪋䛧䛯ሙྜ䚸୚䛘䜙䜜䛯≉ᐃ䛾่⃭ㄒ䛻㛵䛩䜛཯ᛂㄒ䛿䚸ᙜヱ䛾ᴫᛕ䛻㛵䛩䜛▱㆑䛜యไ໬䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛Ꮫ⩦⪅䜋䛹ᴫᛕ⩌䛾୰䛛䜙㝵ᒙⓗ䛻䜘䜚㏆䛟䛾㝵ᒙ䛻䛒䜛ᴫᛕ䜢᝿㉳䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢ぢฟ䛧䛯䚹䛣䛾ᐇ㦂䛿ᴫᛕᆅᅗ䜢ᚲ䛪䛧䜒ᥥ䛛䛺䛟䛶䜒䚸ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅䛾ᴫᛕ⩌యไ໬䛾⛬ᗘཬ䜃యไ໬䛾௙᪉䛻㛵䛩䜛㔜せ䛺᝟ሗ䛜䜒䛯䜙䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䜢ព࿡䛩䜛䛸ゝ䛘䜛䚹㻌

-2-ᒣ㝧Ꮫᅬ▷ᮇ኱Ꮫ⣖せ㻌 ➨ 㻠㻟 ᕳ㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕㻌㻌 ୗ఩ᴫᛕ䛛䜙ୖ఩ᴫᛕ㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ୖ఩ᴫᛕ䛛䜙ୗ఩ᴫᛕ㻌㻲㼕㼓㼡㼞㼑㻌 㻞㻌 㝵ᒙỈ‽ᕪ䛸㐃᝿ᙉᗘ䛸䛾㛵ಀ䠄ⓙᕝ㻌 㻞㻜㻜㻝㻌 䛂ᴫᛕᆅᅗἲ䛻䜘䜛▱㆑⋓ᚓᨭ᥼䛾◊✲䛃㼜㻚㻟㻟 䜘䜚䠅㻌㻌ୖグ 㻲㼕㼓㼡㼞㼑㻌 㻞 䛿ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛺ព࿡䜢᭷䛩䜛䚹୰Ꮫ⌮⛉䞉ᒾ▼༢ඖ䛻䛚䛔䛶ⅆᡂᒾ䛸ሁ✚ᒾ䛻䛴䛔䛶Ꮫ䜆䛜䚸䛭䛾㒊ศ䜢᚟⩦䛧䛯ᚋ䚸㐃᝿཯ᛂ䜢ồ䜑䛯䚹ㄢ㢟䛸䛧䛯ᴫᛕ⩌䛿䛥䜙䛻䛭䛾୍㒊䜢ྲྀ䜚ฟ䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜚䚸ᒾ▼䜢㡬Ⅼ䛸䛧䚸ⅆᡂᒾ䚸ⅆᒣᒾ䚸䝸䝳䜴䝰䞁ᒾ䛸⥆䛟䚹㻌㐃᝿ㄒ䛿 㻡 䛴᭩䛟䜘䛖䛻ᩍ♧䛧䚸᭱ึ䛻᭩䛛䜜䛯ㄒ䛻䠑Ⅼ䚸௨ୗ 㻠 Ⅼ䚸䠏Ⅼ䚸䠎Ⅼ䚸䠍Ⅼ䛸䛧䚸䛣䜜䜢㐃᝿ᙉᗘ䛸つᐃ䛧䛯䚹㐃᝿㡰఩䠑఩௨ෆ䛻ධ䜙䛺䛔ㄒ䛿䠌Ⅼ䛸䛧䛯䚹ᒾ▼䛻㛵䛩䜛ᅄ⫥㑅ᢥ䝔䝇䝖䜢ู䛻ᐇ᪋䛧䚸䛭䜜䜙䛾ᡂ⦼㧗ప䛻䜘䛳䛶䠏⩌䛻ศ䛡䛯䚹㻌ᐇ㦂䛾⤖ᯝ౛䛘䜀ᕥഃ䛾ᅗ䛾䛂䝸䝳䜴䊻ⅆᒣ䛃䠄䝸䝳䜴䝰䞁ᒾ䛛䜙ⅆᒣᒾ䜢㐃᝿䛧䛯䚸䛸䛔䛖ព࿡䠅䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䚸㐃᝿ᙉᗘ䛿䝔䝇䝖ᚓⅬ䛾㧗䛔⩌䛜᭱䜒㧗䛟䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹䛣䜜䛿㝵ᒙ䛾ୖୗ䛻䛚䛔䛶㞄᥋䛩䜛ᴫᛕ䛷䛒䜚䚸䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻⟅䛘䛯ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅䛿ᴫᛕ⩌䛜䜘䜚ㄽ⌮ⓗ䛻యไ໬䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹௚᪉䚸ྠ䛨䛟ᕥ䛾ᅗ䛾ྑഃ䛻䛒䜛䛂䝸䝳䜴䊻ᒾ▼䛃䛿䚸䝸䝳䜴䝰䞁ᒾ䛸䛔䛖่⃭ㄒᥦ♧䛻ᑐ䛧䛶ᒾ▼䚸䛸⟅䛘䛯ሙྜ䛷䛒䜚䚸䛣䜜䛿ᴫᛕ⩌䛜㞳䜜䛶䛔䜛䛯䜑▱㆑䛿༑ศ䛻䛿యไ໬䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䛣䛸䜢♧䛩䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹䛣䛣䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿᭱䜒䝔䝇䝖ᚓⅬ䛾㧗䛔⩌䛾㐃᝿ᙉᗘ䛜୍␒ప䛔䛾䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䚸᭱䜒ᚓⅬ䛾ప䛔⩌䛾㐃᝿ᙉᗘ䛜᭱኱䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙䜒ุ᫂䛩䜛䚹㻌㻌 䛣䛾ẁ㝵䜎䛷䛾◊✲䛿䚸㻺㼛㼢㼍㼗 䛻ೌ䛔୺䛸䛧䛶⌮⛉ᩍ⫱䛾㡿ᇦ䛷⾜䛳䛶䛝䛯䛜䚸య⣔ⓗ䛻ᢕᥱ䛷䛝䜛㡿ᇦ䛺䜙䜀௚䛾㡿ᇦ䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜝䛖䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹䜎䛯䛣䜜䜎䛷䛿่⃭ㄒ䛸䛧䛶ᴫᛕ⩌ᵓ㐀䛾᭱ୖ఩䛒䜛䛔䛿᭱ୗ఩䛻䛒䜛ᴫᛕ䜢่⃭ㄒ䛸䛧䛯䛜䚸䛭䜜௨እ䛾఩⨨䛻䛒䜛ᴫᛕ䜢่⃭ㄒ䛸䛧䛶䜒䚸ྠᵝ䛾⤖ᯝ䛜⏕䛨䜛䛣䛸䛜ᮇᚅ䛥䜜䜛䚹㻌㻌 䛸䛣䜝䛷ᴫᛕᆅᅗ䛻䛿㠀㝵ᒙⓗ䛺ᆅᅗ䛜䛒䜚ᚓ䜛䛣䛸䛿䛣䜜䜎䛷ᣦ᦬䛥䜜䛶᮶䛯䚹䛧䛛䛧⌮⛉䚸䛒䜛䛔䛿⮬↛⛉Ꮫ௨እ䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿ᚲ䛪䛧䜒㝵ᒙⓗ䛺ᆅᅗ䜢ᥥ䛝ᚓ䜛䛸䛿㝈䜙䛺䛔䚹䛭䛣䛷ⓙᕝ㻔㻞㻜㻜㻥㻕䛿㠀㝵ᒙⓗᴫᛕᆅᅗ䛸䛧䛶䚸ᑟධⓗ᪉ἲ䛷䛒䜛㐃᝿ㄢ㢟䜢⏝䛔䛶䛂ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ䛃䜢่⃭ㄒ䛸䛩䜛⮬⏤㐃᝿ᐇ㦂䜢⾜䛳䛯䚹㻌 ⤖ᯝ䛻ኚᩘῶᑡἲ䛻䜘䜛㔜ᅇᖐศᯒ䜢㐺⏝䛧䚸䝸䞁䜽ᩘ䜔ᴫᛕศᒱᩘ䛜䚸ᚋ䛾ᢥ୍ᘧ䝔䝇䝖ᚓⅬ䛻ᑐ䛩䜛᭷ຠ䛺ண-3-ኚᩘ䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䜢ぢฟ䛧䛯䛜䚸䛣䛾ሙྜ䛿ⓙᕝ㻌 㻦㻌 ᴫᛕ⩌䛾㝵ᒙ໬᪉␎䛜▱㆑⋓ᚓ䛻ཬ䜌䛩ᙳ㡪㻌㐃᝿ㄒ䛜䚸䜒䛧ᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ䛻䛿ṇ䛧䛔䛸䛧䛶䜒䛭䜜䛜䠍㻚ㅮ⩏䛾୰䛷ఏ䛘䜙䜜Ꮫ䜀䜜䛯䜒䛾䛛䚸㻞㻚ᙜヱ䛾ㅮ⩏௨እ䛷▱䜚ᚓ䛯ᴫᛕ䛷䛒䜛䛛䚸䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿᳨ウ䛥䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹䛭䛾䛯䜑䚸ㅮ⩏䛾୰䛻䛚䛔䛶Ꮫ䜀䜜䛯䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛ᴫᛕ䛾䜏䛻㝈䛳䛶䛥䜙䛻◊✲䜢㐍䜑䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䛳䛯䚹㻌㻌 ⓙᕝ䞉క㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㼍㻕䛿䛣䛾ᐇ㦂䜢⿵䛖䜉䛟᳨ウ䜢⾜䛔䚸ྠᵝ䛾ᐇ㦂஦ែ䛻䛚䛔䛶ㅮ⩏䛻䛚䛔䛶Ꮫ䜀䜜䛯ᑓ㛛⏝ㄒ䠄ㅮ⩏Ꮫ⩦ㄒ䠅䛸䛭䜜௨እ䛻അ↛䛻ぢ⪺䛝䛧䛯ᑓ㛛⏝ㄒ㻔㠀ពᅗⓗᏛ⩦ㄒ㻕䛸䜢༊ู䛧䛶䚸┿䛻ᴫᛕᵓ⠏䛻ᐤ୚䛩䜛䛾䛿๓⪅䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䜢䚸ྠᵝ䛻ኚᩘῶᑡἲ䛻䜘䜛㔜ᅇᖐศᯒ䛻䜘䛳䛶ぢฟ䛧䛯䚹㻌䛣䜜䜙䛿㠀㝵ᒙⓗᴫᛕᆅᅗ䛾ሙྜ䛷䛒䜛䛜䚸㝵ᒙⓗᆅᅗ䛾ሙྜ䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒ྠᵝ䛺⤖ᯝ䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䜛䛷䛒䜝䛖䛛䚹䛭䛣䛷๓㏙䛾⤖ᯝ䜢ᇶ䛻䚸ᴫᛕ⩌䛜㝵ᒙⓗᵓ㐀䛾ሙྜ䛾่⃭ㄒ䞉཯ᛂㄒ㛵ಀ䛻䛴䛔䛶᳨ウ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢ィ⏬䛧䛯䚹㻌ⓙᕝ䞉క㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㼎㻕䛿䚸䛂ᚰ⌮Ꮫ䛃䛾ㅮ⩏䛻䛚䛔䛶䛂㐠ື䛾▱ぬ䛃༢ඖ䜢ᩍᤵ䛩䜛㝿䚸ᴫᛕᆅᅗస〇⦎⩦䜢⾜䜟䛫䛯ᚋ䚸䛂㐠ື䛾▱ぬ䚸௬⌧㐠ື䚸䝧䞊䝍䞊㐠ື䚸ㄏᑟ㐠ື䚸⮬ື㐠ື䚸㐠ືṧീ䛃䛾ㅖᴫᛕ䜢ᥦ♧䛧䚸ᴫᛕᆅᅗస〇䜢ᣦ♧䛧䛯䚹ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅䛿 㻿 ▷ᮇ኱ᏛዪᏊ 㻞㻤 ྡ䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹ྛせ⣲ู䛻᳨ウ䛧䛯⤖ᯝ䚸㝵ᒙᛶ䛾⛬ᗘ䛸ṇ☜䛺ᴫᛕཬ䜃䛭䜜䜙䛾䝸䞁䜽䛾ᩘ䛸䛾㛫䛻䛿㼞㻩㻚㻣㻥㻟㻘㼜㻨㻚㻜㻜㻝 䛾㧗䛔᭷ព䛺┦㛵䛜ぢฟ䛥䜜䛯䚹䜎䛯㝵ᒙᛶ䛻㛵䛧䛶䛿䚸㏻ᖖ䛿 㻞 㝵ᒙ䛻ศ䛛䜜䜛䛿䛪䛷䛒䜛䛛䜙䚸ᐇ㝿䛻సᡂ䛧䛯ᚋ䛾㝵ᒙᩘ䜢 㻞㻘㻝㻘㻜 䛾ሙྜ䛻ศ䛡䛶ẚ㍑᳨ウ䛧䛯⤖ᯝ䚸㝵ᒙᩘ䛜ከ䛔ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅䜋䛹ṇ☜䛺ᴫᛕᩘཬ䜃䛭䜜䜙䛾䝸䞁䜻䞁䜾ᩘ䛜ከ䛔䛣䛸䛜ぢฟ䛥䜜䛯䚹䛩䛺䜟䛱ୗグ䛾 㻲㼕㼓㼡㼞㼑㻌㻟 䛾䠏⩌䛻䛴䛔䛶୍せᅉศᩓศᯒ䜢ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䛸䚸㻲㻔㻞㻘㻞㻠㻕㻩㻞㻝㻚㻝㻞㻘㼜㻨㻚㻜㻜㻝 䛷᭷ព䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹㼀㼡㼗㼑㼥 ἲ䠄㼜㻨㻚㻜㻡 䛻タᐃ䠅䛻䜘䜛ከ㔜ẚ㍑䛻䜘䜜䜀䚸㻌 㝵ᒙᩘ䠎⩌䠚㝵ᒙᩘ䠍⩌㻌 䚸㝵ᒙᩘ 㻞 ⩌䠚㝵ᒙᩘ 㻜 ⩌䚸㻌 㝵ᒙᩘ 㻝 ⩌䠚㝵ᒙᩘ 㻜 ⩌䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹㼕㻌䛣䛾⤖ᯝ䛛䜙䚸䛂ᚰ⌮Ꮫ䛃༢ඖ䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒䚸Ꮫ⩦⪅䛜ᙧᡂ䛧䛯㝵ᒙᛶ䛾⛬ᗘ䛸Ꮫ⩦ෆᐜᢕᥱ䛸䛾㛫䛻䛿㛵㐃䛜ぢฟ䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛜❚䛘䜛䚹㻌䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ඛ⾜◊✲⤖ᯝ䜢ᇶ䛻䚸㐃᝿ㄢ㢟䛻䛚䛡䜛㐃᝿཯ᛂ䛜ᚰ⌮Ꮫ䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒䚸⌮⛉Ꮫ⩦䛻䛚䛡䜛ሙྜ䛸ྠᵝ䛻䚸㝵ᒙୖ䛾䜘䜚㏆䛔཯ᛂ䜢䛩䜛ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅䜋䛹ෆᐜᢕᥱ䛜ඃ䜜䛶䛔䜛䛛ྰ䛛䛾᳨ウ䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䛿䚸ᴫᛕᆅᅗἲ䜢ᖜᗈ䛔ᩍ⛉䞉㡿ᇦ䛷ຠᯝⓗ䛻㐺⏝䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻ᚲせ୙ྍḞ䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹㻌㻌 䛛䛟䛶ᮏ◊✲䛾┠ⓗ䛿䚸኱Ꮫᩍ⛉䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒༢ඖෆᐜ䜢䜘䜚య⣔ⓗ䛻⌮ゎ䛧䛶䛔䜛ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅䛾᪉䛜䚸่⃭ㄒ䛻䜘䜚㏆䛔ᴫᛕ䜢཯ᛂㄒ䛸䛧䛶᝿㉳䛩䜛ഴྥ䛜䛒䜛䛛ྰ䛛䚸䜢᳨ウ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䚹㻌 㻌 㻌䛣䛾┠ⓗ䛾䛯䜑䛻኱Ꮫ䛾䛂ᚰ⌮Ꮫ䛃䛾ㅮ⩏䛻䛚䛔䛶య⣔໬䛥䜜ᚓ䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛༢ඖ䜢㑅䜃䚸ෆᐜ䜢Ꮫ⩦䛧䛯ᚋ䚸༢ඖෆ䛾௵ព䛾่⃭ㄒ䛻ᑐ䛩䜛཯ᛂㄒ䜢ᇶ䛻䚸䛭䛾⧅䛜䜚᪉䜢᳨ウ䛧䚸ᚑ᮶䛾◊✲⤖ᯝ䛸ẚ㍑⪃ᐹ䛩䜛䚹䛺䛚ᐇ㦂䛿䚸䛂ᚰ⌮Ꮫ䛃ㅮ⩏䛾୍㒊䛸䛧䛶⾜䜟䜜䛯䚹㻌-4-ᒣ㝧Ꮫᅬ▷ᮇ኱Ꮫ⣖せ㻌 ➨ 㻠㻟 ᕳ㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕㻌㻌᪉ἲ㻌㻌 ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅㻌 ᒸᒣ┴⚾❧ 㻿 ▷ᮇ኱Ꮫ䠍ᏛᖺᏛ⏕ 㻡㻡 ྡ䚹⏨Ꮚ䠎ྡ䚸ዪᏊ 㻡㻟 ྡ䚹㻌ᐇ㦂᪥᫬㻌 㻞㻜㻝㻞 ᖺ 㻣 ᭶ 㻞㻢 ᪥㻌 䛂ᚰ⌮Ꮫ䛃ㅮ⩏䛾୰䚹㻌ᐇ㦂᪉ἲ㻌 ᐇ㦂 㻝䠄ணഛᐇ㦂䠅䚸ᐇ㦂 㻞䠄ᮏᐇ㦂䠅ඹ䛻䝟䝽䞊䝫䜲䞁䝖䜢⏝䛔䛯䚹㻌஦๓䛻ᴫᛕᆅᅗἲ䛻㛵䛧䛶సᡂ⦎⩦䛧䛯ᚋ䚸ᚰ⌮Ꮫ䞉㐃᝿ᐇ㦂ゎ⟅⏝⣬䛸䛧䛶 㻭㻠 ∧䛾⏝⣬䜢㓄ᕸ䛧䚸ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛻ᩍ♧䛧䛯䚹㻌ᩍ♧㻌 ᐇ㦂 㻝䠄ணഛᐇ㦂䠅䚸ᐇ㦂 㻞䠄ᮏᐇ㦂䠅ඹ㏻䠖䛂䛣䜜䛛䜙䛣䜜䜎䛷Ꮫ䜣䛰䛄グ᠈䛅䛻䛴䛔䛶ᐇ㝿䛻▷䛔᫬㛫ぢ䛶ぬ䛘䜛ᐇ㦂䜢䛧䜎䛩䚹⤖ᯝ䛿୍ษ䚸ᡂ⦼䛻䛿㛵ಀ䛒䜚䜎䛫䜣䛾䛷䚸Ẽᴦ䛻䚸䛧䛛䛧┿๢䛻ྲྀ䜚⤌䜣䛷䛟䛰䛥䛔䛃䛸ཱྀ㢌䛷ᩍ♧䛧䛯ᚋ䚸ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛻ྛㄒᙡ䛻䛴䛔䛶ẖᅇ 㻞 ⛊㛫䚸ᴫᛕ䛾㡰ᗎ䜢䝷䞁䝎䝮䛻ኚ䛘䛶ྜィ 㻟 ᅇ䚸䝟䝽䞊䝫䜲䞁䝖䛻䜘䛳䛶ᥦ♧䛧䛯䚹㻌ᐇ㦂 㻝䠄ணഛᐇ㦂䠅䛂䛣䜜䛛䜙䛄ື≀䚸့ங㢮䚸⫗㣗ື≀䚸䝖䝷䚸䝛䝁䛅䛾ྛゝⴥ䜢᭩䛔䛯䝇䝷䜲䝗䜢㻝 ᯛ䛪䛴䚸䜎䛯㡰ᗎ䜢ኚ䛘䛶ྜィ 㻟 ᅇᥦ♧ぢ䛫䜎䛩䚹⤊䜟䛳䛯䜙㐃᝿䛧䛯ゝⴥ䜢䚸䛹䛾༢㻌 㻌 ㄒ䛛䜙㐃᝿䛧䛯䛛䜢ྵ䜑䛶᭩䛝䛺䛥䛔䚹䛃䛸㏙䜉䚸⮬⏤グ㏙䛥䛫䛯䚹㻌⤖ᯝ䛿౛䛘䜀䚸䛂ື≀䛛䜙䜴䝃䜼䜢㐃᝿䛧䚸䜎䛯ື≀䛛䜙≟䜢㐃᝿䛧䛯䛃䛺䛹䛸᭩䛛䜜䛯䚹㻌ᐇ㦂 㻞䠄ᮏᐇ㦂䠅䛂䛣䜜䛛䜙䛄ᚰ⌮Ꮫ䚸Ꮫ⩦䚸᮲௳䛵䛡䛅䛾ྛゝⴥ䜢᭩䛔䛯䝇䝷䜲䝗䜢 㻝 ᯛ䛪䛴䚸䜎䛯㡰ᗎ䜢ኚ䛘䛶ྜィ 㻟 ᅇぢ䛫䜎䛩䚹䛃䛸ᩍ♧䛧䚸⤊䜟䛳䛯ᚋ䛾ᩍ♧䜒ᐇ㦂 㻝 䛸ྠᵝ䛸䛧䛯䚹㻌㻌⤖ᯝ䛾ணண䛸ᐇ㝿㻌㻌 ᮏᐇ㦂䛾⤖ᯝ䛿ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛻ண䛥䜜䛯䚹ୖグ 㻲㼕㼓㼡㼞㼑㻞 䛾⤖ᯝ䛛䜙䚸ᮏᐇ㦂䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒ᚰ⌮Ꮫ䚸Ꮫ⩦䚸᮲௳䛵䛡䛾ㅖᴫᛕ䛜่⃭ㄒ䛸䛺䛳䛯ሙྜ䚸▱㆑䛜䜘䜚Ⰻ䛟యไ໬䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅䜋䛹䚸䜘䜚㏆䛟䛾ᴫᛕ䜢཯ᛂㄒ䛸䛧䛶⾲ฟ䛩䜛䛷䛒䜝䛖䚸䛸䛔䛖䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹䛣䛾ሙྜ䚸ඛ⾜◊✲䛛䜙▱㆑䛜Ⰻ䛟యไ໬䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛Ꮫ⩦⪅䜋䛹䚸ᙜヱ༢ඖ䛾䝔䝇䝖⤖ᯝ䛜୍⯡䛻Ⰻዲ䛻䛺䜛䛣䛸䛜▱䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䛯䜑䚸ᮏ◊✲䛷䛿ᚑᒓኚᩘ䛸䛧䛶༢ඖᮎ䝔䝇䝖ᚓⅬ䜢⏝䛔䛯䚹㻌㻌 㝵ᒙⓗ⌮ゎ䛾᭷↓䛿ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛻䛧䛶ุᐃ䛧䛯䚹䛩䛺䜟䛱䛣䛾༢ඖ䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸➹⪅䛾ㅮ⩏ෆᐜ䛾㡰ᗎ䛛䜙䚸᭱ୖ఩ᴫᛕ䛿䛂ᚰ⌮Ꮫ䛃ḟ䛻䛂᮲௳䛵䛡䛃䛸䛺䜚䚸඲య䛿ୗグ䛾 㻲㼕㼓㼡㼞㼑㻌㻠 䛻♧䛩䜘䛖䛻⧅䛜䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹ᴫᛕ⩌䛾㝵ᒙⓗᵓ㐀䛸䛧䛶䛿䛣䛾ᅗ䛾䛸䛚䜚䛷䛒䜛䛜䚸ᐇ㝿䛾㐃᝿䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿ྂ඾ⓗ᮲௳䛵䛡䛸䝟䝤䝻䝣䚸䜸䝨䝷䞁䝖᮲௳䛵䛡䛸䝇䜻䝘䞊䛸䛜ᐦ᥋䛻⧅䛜䛳䛶䛔䜛䛯䜑䚸౛䛘䜀䛂᮲௳䛵䛡䛃䛛䜙┤᥋䚸䜎䛪䛂䝟䝤䝻䝣䛃䜔䛂䝇䜻䝘䞊䛃䛻㐃᝿䛜ཬ䜆ሙྜ䜒䚸䛭䛾ᚋ䛾㐃᝿ㄒ䛜㞄᥋䛧䛶䛔䜜䜀䚸㐃᝿䛾⫼ᚋ䛻Ꮡᅾ䛩䜛㛗ᮇグ᠈ෆ䛾ᴫᛕᵓ㐀䛿䛂㝵ᒙⓗ䛃䛸ุ᩿䛧䛯䚹㻌-5-ⓙᕝ㻌 㻦㻌 ᴫᛕ⩌䛾㝵ᒙ໬᪉␎䛜▱㆑⋓ᚓ䛻ཬ䜌䛩ᙳ㡪㻌ୖグ 㻲㼕㼓㼡㼞㼑㻌㻠 䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸䛒䜛ᴫᛕ䜢㐃᝿䛧䛯᫬䚸ḟ䛻㞄᥋䛩䜛ᴫᛕ䛜㐃᝿䛥䜜䛭䜜䜙䛾ᴫᛕ䛾ᩘ䛜 㻝㻚㻌 㻟 ಶ௨ୖ䛷䛒䜚䚸䛛䛴 㻞㻚䛩䜉䛶ṇ䛧䛔ሙྜ䛻䚸㛗ᮇグ᠈䛻䛚䛔䛶㝵ᒙⓗయไ໬䛜䛺䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛸ุ᩿䛧䛯䚹䛣䛾᫬ୖグ䛾ᅗ䛸␗䛺䛳䛯㐃᝿䛷䛒䛳䛶䜒䚸๓㏙䛾䜘䛖䛻౛䛘䜀䚸᮲௳䛵䛡䊻䝟䝤䝻䝣䊻ྂ඾ⓗ᮲௳䛵䛡䛾ᵝ䛺౛䛿䛂㞄᥋䛩䜛㐃᝿䛃䛸ุᐃ䛧䛯䚹䜎䛯ୖグ䛻䛚䛔䛶⟅䛘䛯ᴫᛕ䛾㝵ᒙ䛾ᩘ䜢䜹䜴䞁䝖䛧䛯䚹㻌㻌 ᐇ 㝿䛾⤖ᯝ㻌 ⤖ᯝ䛿䚸཯ᛂㄒ䛛䜙▱㆑䛜㝵ᒙⓗ䛻యไ໬䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅䠄㝵ᒙ໬᪉␎⩌䠅䛿 㻥 ྡ䛾䜏䛷䛒䜚䚸䜲䝯䞊䝆䜢⏝䛔䛶㐃㙐ⓗ䛻⟅䛘䜛⪅䠄䜲䝯䞊䝆໬᪉␎⩌䠅䠄౛䛘䜀䚸ᚰ⌮Ꮫ䊻ᚰ䊻㞴䛧䛔䚸䛺䛹䠅䛜 㻟㻡 ྡ䚸䜎䛯㉁ၥ䛸䛿↓㛵㐃䛺㡿ᇦ䛾▱㆑䛷⟅䛘䛯䜚䛩䜛⪅䠄䛭䛾௚䛾᪉␎⩌䠅䛜 㻝㻝 ྡ䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹㻌䛭䛣䛷㝵ᒙⓗయไ໬䛾⛬ᗘ䛻䜘䜛ศ㢮䛸᳨ᐃ䛾௦䜟䜚䛻䚸㐃᝿᪉␎ู䛻 㻟 ⩌䛻ศ䛡䚸䛣䜜䜙 㻟⩌䛻㛵䛧䛶༢ඖᮎ䝔䝇䝖ᚓⅬ䜢ᚑᒓኚᩘ䛸䛧䛶୍せᅉ䛾ศᩓศᯒ䜢ヨ䜏䚸䛭䜜䜙䛾᭷ពᕪ䛾᭷↓䜢᳨ᐃ䛧䛯䚹ୗグ 㻲㼕㼓㼡㼞㼑㻌 㻡 䛾 㻟 ⩌䛻䛴䛔䛶୍せᅉศᩓศᯒ䜢ᐇ᪋䛩䜛䛸䚸㻲㻔㻞㻘㻡㻞㻕㻩㻝㻞㻚㻤㻟㻘㻌㼜㻨㻚㻜㻜㻝 䛸䛺䜚 㻟 ⩌㛫䛾ᕪ䛿᭷ព䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹㼀㼡㼗㼑㼥 ἲ䠄㼜㻨㻚㻜㻡 䛻タᐃ䠅䜘䜛ከ㔜ẚ㍑䛾⤖ᯝ䚸㻌 㝵ᒙ໬᪉␎⩌䠚䜲䝯䞊䝆໬᪉␎⩌䚸㝵ᒙ໬᪉␎⩌䠚䛭䛾௚䛾᪉␎⩌䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹㻌㻌㻌⪃ᐹ㻌௒ᅇ䛾⤖ᯝ䛿㝵ᒙ໬᪉␎䛾᭷ຠᛶ䜢♧䛩䛸䛸䜒䛻䚸䜲䝯䞊䝆໬᪉␎⩌䜔䛭䛾௚䛾᪉␎⩌䛾ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅䛯䛱䛜䚸ᴫᛕ⩌䜢ఱ䜙䛛䛾ᙧ䛻䛫䜘༑ศ䛻䛿యไ໬䛧䛶䛔䛺䛛䛳䛯䛣䛸䚸䛭䜜䛜䛯䜑䛻ຠᯝⓗ䛺グ᠈᳨⣴䛜ᅔ㞴䛷䛒䛳䛯䛣䛸䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹㻌㻌 䜎䛯▱㆑䛾㝵ᒙⓗᵓ㐀䛛䜙㐃᝿཯ᛂ䛜⏕䛨䛯䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅䛜 㻥 ྡ䛾䜏䛷䛒䛳䛯䛯䜑䚸ඛ⾜◊✲䛾ᵝ䛺䚸㝵ᒙ໬䛾㐪䛔䜢⊂❧ኚᩘ䛸䛧䛶䚸ᚑᒓኚᩘ䛷䛒䜛ヨ㦂ᚓⅬ䛾㐪䛔䜢⟬ฟ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿௒ᅇ䛿ᅇ㑊䛧䛯䚹௚᪉䚸㝵ᒙ໬᪉␎䜢᥇⏝䛧䛯Ꮫ⩦⪅䛜䛭䛾௚䛾᪉␎䜢⏝䛔䛯Ꮫ⩦⪅䜘䜚䜒᭷ព䛻ᙜヱ༢ඖ䛾䝔䝇䝖ᚓⅬ䛜ඃ䜜䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛿☜ㄆ䛥䜜䛯䚹㻌㻌 ௒ᅇ䛾ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅䛯䛱䛾䛖䛱䚸▱㆑䜢㝵ᒙⓗ䛻యไ໬䛩䜛⪅䛜ᑡ䛺䛛䛳䛯ཎᅉ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䚸㏻ᖖ䛾ᴫᛕᆅᅗἲ䛻䜘䜛ㅮ⩏ෆᐜ䜎䛸䜑䛾⤖ᯝ䛜♧၀䜢୚䛘䜛䛷䛒䜝䛖䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹䛩䛺䜟䛱-6-ᒣ㝧Ꮫᅬ▷ᮇ኱Ꮫ⣖せ㻌 ➨ 㻠㻟 ᕳ㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕㻌௒ᅇᐇ㦂䛻ཧຍ䛧䛯Ꮫ⏕䛯䛱䛿㏻ᖖ䛾ㅮ⩏䛻䛚䛔䛶ෆᐜ䜢ᴫᛕᆅᅗస〇䛻䜘䛳䛶䜎䛸䜑䜛ሙྜ䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒䚸䛭䜜௨๓䛾ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅⩌䛸␗䛺䜚䚸㔜ᅇᖐศᯒ䛻䛚䛔䛶༢ඖᮎ䝔䝇䝖ᚓⅬ䜢ᚑᒓኚᩘ䛸䛧䛯䛸䛝䚸䛭䜜䜢ண䛩䜛ຠᯝⓗ䛷⤫ィⓗ䛻᭷ព䛺⊂❧ኚᩘ䛿ලయ౛䛷䛒䜚䚸ᚑ᮶䛾◊✲⤖ᯝ䛾䜘䛖䛺䝸䞁䜽䝷䝧䝹䜔䜽䝻䝇䝸䞁䜽䚸ᴫᛕศᒱ䛷䛿䛺䛔䛣䛸䛜䜋䜌ྠᵝ䛻ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䛶䛔䛯䚹䛣䛾䛣䛸䛛䜙௒ᅇ䛾ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅䛯䛱䛾୰䛻䛿䚸ᡤ୚䛾ᴫᛕ⩌䜢⌮ゎ䛩䜛᫬ᴫᛕ䛾ෆໟ䜔እᘏ䛛䜙ㄽ⌮ⓗ䛻⤖ㄽ䜢ᑟ䛟䜘䜚䜒䚸ලయⓗ䛺౛䜢ᣲ䛢䛶ෆᐜ⌮ゎ䜢㐍䜑䛶䛔䜛⪅䛜ከ䛔䛣䛸䛜♧၀䛥䜜䜛䚹౛䛘䜀䝟䝤䝻䝣䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ㄝ᫂䜢ồ䜑䛯ᑠ䝔䝇䝖䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䚸ྂ඾ⓗ᮲௳䛵䛡䜢⌮ゎ䛧䛯ୖ䛷䛭䛾ほⅬ䛛䜙㏙䜉䛯⪅䛿 㻡㻣 ྡ୰ 㻝㻝 ྡ䛾䜏䛷䛒䜚䚸䛭䜜䛿䜋䛸䜣䛹䛜௒ᅇ䛾㝵ᒙ໬᪉␎౑⏝⪅䛸୍⮴䛩䜛䚹ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅䛾ከ䛟䛿䚸䜲䝚䚸䛰ᾮ䚸䝧䝹䚸⫗➼䛾ලయⓗ䛺஦≀䜢౛䛻ᣲ䛢䛶⟅䛘䛶䛔䛯䚹㻌㻌 䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ㄆ▱᪉␎䛿䚸ᐇ㊶ⓗ䞉ලయⓗ䛺ഃ㠃䜢㔜䜣䛨䜛▷ᮇ኱Ꮫ䚸≉䛻ಖ⫱䜔ᗂඣᩍ⫱⣔䛻䛚䛔䛶≉᭷䛾䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䛛ྰ䛛䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䛥䜙䛺䜛◊✲䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜚䚸䛭䜜䛿௒ᚋ䛾ㄢ㢟䛷䛒䜛䚹㻌ᩍ⫱ⓗ䛻䛿ㄽ⌮ⓗ䞉₇⧢ⓗ䛻⌧㇟䜢⌮ゎ䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖カ⦎䛜䚸ಖ⫱䜔ᗂඣᩍ⫱⌧ሙ䛻ᑵ⫋ᚋ䚸Ꮫ⩦⪅䛯䛱䛾௙஦䜔᪥ᖖ⏕ά䛻䛚䛔䛶䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺ព࿡䜢᭷䛩䜛䛛䚸䛸䛔䛖ㄢ㢟䜒䛒䜚䚸ᚋ⪅䛿౯್ุ᩿䜢䜒⪃៖䛻ධ䜜䜛䜉䛝䜒䛾䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹㻌䛺䛚ᮏ◊✲䛾୍㒊䛿䚸᪥ᮏㄆ▱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ఍➨ 㻝㻜 ᅇ኱఍䠄㻞㻜㻝㻞 ᖺ 㻢 ᭶䠅ཬ䜃᪥ᮏᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ఍➨ 㻡㻠 ᅇ⥲఍䠄㻞㻜㻝㻞 ᖺ 㻝㻜 ᭶䠅䛻䛚䛔䛶Ⓨ⾲䛥䜜䛯䚹㻌㻌ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩㻌
Ausubel,D.P.(1968).Educational Psychology: A Cognitive View. New York:Holt,Rinehart & Winston.
ⓙᕝ㡰㻌 㻝㻥㻥㻥㻌 䛄ᴫᛕᆅᅗసᡂἲ䛻䛚䛡䜛䝸䞁䜽䝷䝧䝹సᡂ䛾ຠᯝ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛅ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲㻌 㻌㻠㻣㻘㻢㻢㻙㻣㻞㻌ⓙᕝ㡰㻌 㻞㻜㻜㻝㻌 䛄ᴫᛕᆅᅗἲ䛻䜘䜛▱㆑⋓ᚓᨭ᥼䛾◊✲䛅㢼㛫᭩ᡣ㻌ⓙᕝ㡰䞉కᾈ⨾㻌 㻞㻜㻝㻞㼍㻌 䛄㐃᝿ㄢ㢟䛻䛚䛡䜛㐃᝿ㄒ㛫㛵ಀ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛅᪥ᮏㄆ▱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ఍➨ 㻝㻜 ᅇ኱఍Ⓨ⾲ㄽᩥ㻌ⓙᕝ㡰䞉కᾈ⨾㻌 㻞㻜㻝㻞㼎㻌 㻌 䛄䛂ᚰ⌮Ꮫ䛃ᴫᛕ䛛䜙䛾㐃᝿䛸ᚰ⌮Ꮫ䜲䝯䞊䝆䛻䛴䛔䛶䛅㻌 ᪥ᮏᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ఍➨ 㻡㻠 ᅇ⥲఍Ⓨ⾲ㄽᩥ㻌
Novak,J.D. 䠃 Gowin,D.B. 㻌 1984 㻌 Learning how to learn.
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Cambridge University