Index
Abbreviations, 14, 37, 52, 68, 71, 123, 145,
see also Rcronym keys, Okapi '66 Go/see List
Recess points, 3, 10-11, 143
Rcronym keys, see Derived keys
Acronyms, 34, 52, 123, 145, see also Abbreviations, Okapi '86
Go/see List
RDRM50N, GUI, 45
Rffixes, see Stemming
ALBER6R, C N, 47
RLgorithms,
Okapi '86 search processing and merging, 77-83, 141
spelling correction, 33-37, 73-74, 151, 152
stemming and conflation, 21-28, 23-30, 61-62, 64-66
term extraction and lookup, 77-78, 146word similarity measures, 46-48, 43-52, 75, 152
Rmerican spelling, 34-35, 138
see also Spelling standardisation
Rnagram technique for word matching, 75, 152
shortcomings of, 144
Analytical entries, 83, 143
see also Subject enrichment of bibliographic entries
RND (boolean), 11, 15, 16, 43, 51, 57, 60, 62, 63, 76, 34, 100,115, 121, 133, 148
see also Combinatorial searching, OR (boolean)
Rpple H e , 3, 31-32
Rrticles (definite and indefinite), 38
Author/title search, 3, 113, see also Specific item searching
Authority control, 37, 52
CITE, 36-37
online catalogues, 52-53
phrase (or pre-coordmate) online catalogues, 37
see also Cross-references
Authority files, 14, 36, 37, 145
Automatic stemming, see Stemming
BRTES, Marcia, 11
BELL, C L M, 13, 15, 25-26, 37
Beth Israel Hospital, see Paperchase
Bibliographic Access and Control 5ystem (B0C5)
spelling correction, 15, 51
Bibliographic file(s), 3, 14
Okapi, 83-84, 85, 108rare words in, 140
size, 83-84
as source of spelling dictionary, 73
subject description in, 147, 143see also Indexes/Indexing
BLRIR, C R, 47B00K5 project, 149 (reference [33)
Boolean searching, see RND (boolean), Combinatorial searching, OR(boolean)
BOURNE, C P, 41, 48
Brief record display, see Record displays
Browsing (scanning), 9, 10
subjects, 9, 11-12
VDU limitations (effect of), 11, 15
BUTCHER, Peter, 13
Cambridge University (online catalogue),use of MORE cross-reference fields, 14
CARLSON, 6, 45Case, treatment of, 34, 92-93, 145
CRTRLOG, 13, 28
Catalogues,
hard copy compared with online, 15, 147
see also Online catalogues
CEREONE, N, 26
CITE, 15, 16, 36-37, 58, 60, 148
automatic cross-referencing, 36-37
combinatorial search, 16
stemming, 13, 16, 29
City University, 13Classification schemes,
Dewey Decimal Classification Online Project, 11, 124
Language of, 11, 145
for linking related records, 11
for recall improvement, 10
see also Subject enrichment of bibliographic records
CLR, see Council on Library Resources
Coloured keys, see Okapi coloured keys
Combinatorial searching, 3-4, 7-8, 15, 57, 60, 77, 100
in CITE, 16
cut-off rules (Okapi '86), 83
design, 77
interaction with stemming, 138-139
merge procedure in Okapi '86, 82-63
and spelling mistakes, 15
term weights for, 79, 80-82
used in CITE, LIBERTR5 and Okapi, 57
see also Ranked output, Term weighting, RND (boolean),OR (boolean)Compound words, treatment of, 15, 27, 35, 37, 70
M0RPH5, 37
Okapi '86, 38, 70, 93
Conflation, Chapter 3, 60-62, 138-139, 140-142
see also Stemming, Truncation
C0RNEW, R W , 43
Council on Library Resources,
Online Public Recess Catalog Study,
cross-reference recommendations, 7difficulty with truncation, 12-181-subject search success rates, 7
Cross-references,categories,in LC5H, 9-10, 11
in Cambridge University online catalogue, 14
see also Okapi '86 go/see list, Tables and dictionaries,
Authority control C1L, see Okapi '86, Control system
DOMERAU, F J, 48
DATTOLA, R T , 25
DAVIDSON, L, 47, 48
DAWSON, J, 28
Derived keys, 3, 15
Dewey,Dewey Decimal Classification Online Project, 11, 124
in Okapi, 11, 85
see also 5ubject enrichment of bibliographic records
DIALOG, 1
Dictionaries,
see Okapi '86 go/see list, Tables and dictionaries
Digrams, see N-grams
Disk storage and access, 85, 100, 149
Display, see screen displays
D05ZK0C5, T E, 16
Ease of use, usability, 3
Equivalence Tables,
see Okapi '86 go!see list, Tables and dictionaries
Evaluation, Chapter 8
data analysis,
interview responses, 119-121
log analysis, 121-122
search repetition, 124-129
system performance, 129-135
data collation, 112
data collection, 108, 109-110
interviews, 111-112
logs, 112, Appendix 3
methodology, 109
objectives, 107
pre-test, 110-111
user searches, 113-115
number of terms in searches, 114-115
relationship between searches, 114
search classification, 114
sessions and searches, 113
5RCHE5 file, 113-116
user sessions, 113
boundaries, 113
see also Logs
EXP system, see Okapi '86, Experimental system
False drops, 58, 67
false coordination, 60, 69-70, 144, Appendix 4
through go/see list, 135, 145-182-

through stemming, 12-13, 30, 145
FENICHEL, R R, 47 'FIELD, B J, 24-25
FIR5T, 25
Foreign Language records, 73
effect on spelling correction, 73, 129
FR0KE5, IV B, 13, 26
FREUND, G E, 42-43, 45-46, 50
Fuzzy matching, 2, Chapter 5see also N-grams, Soundex and soundex-type codes, Stemming,Truncation
6RLLI, E J, 34
Geac (online catalogue},
explicit truncation (Hull), 12
subject access (P5BD, 11-12
GREENFIELD, R H, 48
HRLL, P R V, 41
Hardware, 85
adequacy of conventional, 2, 142, 148-143
Okapi, 3limitations of, 73
special hardware for spelling correction, 43
HERSCHMRN, J, 10
Highlighting of terms in record displays, 103-104
HILDRETH, Charles R, lii
Homographs, 37, 133, 145, 146
Hull University,truncation in Geac catalogue, 12Hyphens, treatment of, 34, 37, 64, 84, 93
IL5 (online catalogue}, 16
Indexes/Indexing,
analytical, 149
effect of stemming, 72
keyword (or postcoordinate),adjacency information in, 60
Dewey index in, 11links, 37
and stemming, 12
storage requirements, 30
and synonyms, 37-38
title words for subject access, 11and truncation, 12-13
updating, 148-149
see also Okapi '86 indexes
language of, 118, 145-146
Okapi, see Okapi '86 indexes
phrase (or precoordinate}, 9, 10, 14
see also bibliographic files
Indexic, 118
Information Retrieval systems, see CPTOLOG, CITE, LEXICON,
Massachusetts General Hospital, M0RPH5Initialisms, treatment of, 85, 92-183-

IN5PEC, 24-25, 29
Interaction, see User(s) interaction
Intermediaries, see Search intermediaries
Interviewing, see Evaluation
INTREX, 23
Jargon,classification and indexing, 118
library, iii
JOHNS, Nicky, iv, 2, 5
JONES, K P, 13, 15, 25-26, 37
JONES, Richard M, iv, 2, 4, 125
Keyword Cor post-coordinate) online catalogues, see Online
catalogues
Known item searching, see Specific item searching
LRN(s), 2-3
LRNDRUER, C, 23
Languages [programming) used for project, see Programs
LCSH, see Library of Congress 5ubject Headings
LENNON, M, 24, 29, 45
LEXICON, 52
spelling correction, 35, 36, 52
LIBERTY (online catalogue), see SWflLCRP
Library of Congress Subject Headings, 138cross-references, 10
language, 9-10
pre-processing, 11
see also Subject indexing
Local area networks, 2-3
Logs, 15, 49, 58, 61, 112, 13S, 153-159, see also Evaluation
Lookup tables, see Okapi '86 go/see list, Tables anddictionaries
L0VIN5, J B, 23, 28, 29
LOWE, T C, 23Malaysian Rubber Producers' Association, see M0RPH5MONDEL, Carol R, 10
MPRC, 4, 11, 14, 73, 83, 85, see also Subject descriptors
MPRKEY, Karen, iii, 7, 11, 12, 109, 124h«RS, 30, 36-37
Massachusetts General Hospital (online catalogue),
spelling correction, 15-16, 51-52
stoplists, 51
MOW (Minimum Rcceptable Weight), see Term weighting
Maximum possible weight, see Term weighting
Medical Subject Headings, see MeSHr€LVYL, 14, 37
MeSH, 15, 16, 36-37
MGW (Minimum Good Weight), see Term weighting
Minimum acceptable weight, see Term weightingMinimum good weight, see Term weighting
Miskeyings and misspellings, 2, 7, 15-16, 33-35, 41-55, 57, 59,74, 129-131, 132-134, 138, 142-144, 151-159
see also 5pellmg correction

MITEV, Nathalie Nadia,
Monograms,iv, 2, 60

41

MOORE, F J, 48
MORPH5, 13, 15, 37
homographs, 146
stemming, 13, 25-26
tables, 15, 37
MORRIS, R, 43
MPW (Maximum Possible Weight), see Term weighting
N-grams,applications,detection of spelling errors, 43-45, 50
improvement of recall, 42-43
definitions, 41-42
digrams, 41, 43disadvantages, 42
effectiveness, 42-43, 45-46
monograms,

41

in online catalogues and IR systems, 50
syllabic, 44, 46, 50
techniques,frequency tables, 43
invalid trigram detection, 44
inverted file, 42-43
length, 45
positional analysis, 44-45
syllable comparison, 43
tetragrams, 41
trigrams, 41-42, 44-46
see also fuzzy matching
Natural language processing, 16, 26, 36
Nestar, 3
NOREPULT, T T, 42
NU5SBRUM, R, 43
Objectives Cof project), 1, 7, 13, 57
Observation, see Evaluation
OCLC L5/2000,tables, 14
truncation, 12Okapi '84, i n , 2-3, 15, 83, 85, 109-110, 137logs, 8-9, 58-59, 76, 109
Okapi '86,05TEM system, 4, 78, 85, 89, 126-128, 138-139
bibliographic file, 83-84
coloured keys, 91, 102, 153-159
combinatorial search, 4, 8, 57, 60, 77-83, 110, 112, 138,
140
Control system CCTL), 4, 57, 62, 89, 93-97, Chapter 8,138-142
design, 57-106
evaluation, 107-136
Experimental system CEXP), 4, 11, 38, 57, 62, 78, 89, 93-94,97-100, Chapter 8, 138, 140-142, 153-18b-Pre-coordinate online catalogues, see Online catalogues
Prefixes, see 5temmmg
Programs,library automation, 148-149
Dkapi, see Okapi '86 programs
online catalogues, 137
stemming, 30
RRDCOL, 23-24, 29
Ranked output, 16, 42, 77, 66, 104, 141, 149
see also Combinatorial searching, Term weighting
Recallcomparison between systems, 124-129, 141-142
evaluation, Chapter 8
improvement devices, 1, 4, 41, 57
fuzzy matching, 2, Chapter 5
stemming, Chapter 3, 141-142
tables and dictionaries, Chapter 4
Record displays, 85, 102-104
brief and full, 102-103highlighting, 103-104sequencing of, 104
REINTJE5, J F, 23
Relevance feedback, 5, 102
Response times, 100, Rppendix 3
RI5EMRN, E M , 44, 46
Scanning, see Browsing (scanning)
5creen displays, Chapter 7
Search, searches, searching,analysis and classification, 113-115, 147-148
failures, 4, 7, 9-12, 117-119, 121-123, 125-126, 133-134,
Appendix 4
initial, 126-129, 138, 140
mistakes, see Miskeyings and misspellings, 5pellingcorrection
problems, Chapter 2, 58-59
processing, 77, Chapter 7, 142
repetition by experimenter, iv, 2, 4, 124-129, 137
rephrasing, 141, Rppendix 3, see also sessions
sessions, 5, 58, 108, 111-113, 116-119, 124-129, 141,
Rppendix 3, Rppendix 4
statements, 9, 58-60
language of, 58-59, 113, 114, 117-119, 138, 147, 149,Rppendix 4
number of terms in, 80-82, 114-115, 122-123
parsing, 77-79, 86, 92-93
sample of, 9stemming and reassembly of, 66-67
success rate, 12, 51-52, 118-117, 125-129
typing problems, 119
see also UserCsD
5earch intermediaries, 2, 13, 21, 57-58
5ee Rlso references, see Cross-references
See references, see Cross-references-1AR-Sessions, 113, see also 5earches
5IEGEL, E R, 16, 103
SMART, 25
5oftware, see Programs, Okapi '86 programs
Soundex and soundex-type codes, 46-48
see also Fuzzy matching
applications,detecting spelling errors, 46-48
improving recall, 46-48
definitions, 45-47
effectiveness, 47-48
in online catalogues, 51-53
Bibliographic Recess and Control System, 51
LEXICON, 52
Massachusetts General Hospital, 51-52
Okapi, see Okapi '86, spelling correction
Paperchase, 52
techniques,Blair, 47
Bourne & Ford, 48
Damerau, 4B
Davidson, 47, 48
Source file, see Bibliographic fileSpecific item searching, 3-4, 12, 15, 43, 110, 111, 114, 117
see also author/title searching
SPEEUCOP Project, 33, 44, 46, 50
see also N-grams, Spelling correction
Spelling correction, 15-16, 43-50
effectiveness, 33, 35,
in Okapi '86, 74
dictionary, 73
processing, 75
similarity algorithm, 75, 84, 152
soundex algorithm, 84, 151
user presentation, 86-87, 35-35, 38-33
using n-grams, 50
using soundex codes, 35, 51-52
using tables, 33-34
see also Miskeyings and mispellings
Spelling standardisation, 14, 34-35
Okapi '86, 30, 61, 133-140, Appendix 3
evaluation, 107, 130
recommendations, 133-140, 142
rules, 64
see also Rmerican spelling
Staffing of the project, 2, 5
Stem modification, see Stemming techniques
Stemming,algorithms,Cercone, 26
Dawson, 28
FIRST, 25
Galli and Yamada, 34
INSPEC, 24-25, 23,INTREX, 23•189-BRITISH LIBRARY RESEARCH PAPERS
11.

Text searching algorithms for parallel processors by C A Pogue andP Willett. ISBN 0 7123 3101 8. 1987.

12.

Report on a further study of current developments in officeautomation by T D Wilson. ISBN 0 7123 3102 6. 1987.

13.

Public libraries and organisations serving the unemployed by John
Barugh and Roger G Woodhouse. ISBN 0 7123 3104 2. 1987.

14.

Literature searching habits and attitudes of research scientists byJohn Martyn. ISBN 0 7123 3108 5. 1987.

15.

Publishing and information services in the public and private
sectors by Priscilla Oakeshott and Brenda White. ISBN 0 7123 3109 3.
1987.

16.

Collaborative inquiry and information skills by Jean Rudduck, David
Hopkins, Jack Sanger and Paul Lincoln. ISBN 0 7123 3110 7. 1987.

17.

Developments in scholarly communication in the humanities in the USA
by Paul Sturges. ISBN 0 7123 3119 0. 1967.

18.

Computer literacy and library and information studies: a literature
review by Joan M Day. ISBN 0 7123 3120 4. 1967.

19.

Information involvements of the European Community by John Martyn.
ISBN 0 7123 3123 9. 1967.

20.

The impact of information research by Denise Craghill andT D Wilson.
ISBN 0 7123 3124 7. 1987

21 .

Qualitative assessment of public reference services by Capital
Planning Information. ISBN 0 3123 3125 5. 1967.

22.

The inter lending transport schemes by Arthur Young ManagementConsultants. ISBN 0 7123 3126 3. 1967.

23.

A classified bibliography cf online public access catalogues
by Natalie Nadia Mitev and Efthimis Nikolaos Efthimiadis.
ISBN 0 7123 3128 X. 1987.

24.

Xmprovina subiect retrieval in online cataloaues. 1. Stemmina,
automatic spelling correction and cross reference tables by
Stephen Walker and Richard M Jones. ISBN 0 7123 3129 6. 1987.

25.

Management information systems for public libraries: concepts,
principles and outline research programme by Inbucon Management
Consultants. ISBN 0 7123 3130 1. 1967.

26.

Development of manaoement information systems for academic
libraries: concepts, principles and outline research programme by
Inbucon Management Consultants. ISBN 0 7123 3131 X. 1967.

An introduction to generic coding and SGML by Henry L Holloway.
ISBN 0 7123 3132 8. 1967
A survey of image processing and document delivery technology by
A E Cawkell. ISBN 0 7123 3134 4. 19S7.
Bridging the gap: library contributions to retirement education by
Judith Bower.. ISBN 0 7123 3136 0. 1987.
Striking a balance: external services in academic libraries byBrenda White. ISBN 0 7123 3141 7. 1967.
Anatomy of innovation: an analysis of innovation in the information
services sector by Mairi G u a m and Blaise Cronin. ISBN 0 7123 3142 5
1987.
Developing an expert system for classification of books using
micro-based expert system shells by Carolyn A Y Sharif.
ISBN 0 7123 3144 1. 1967.