I)I

An Introduction to the
IBM 8100 Information System

GA27-2875-7
File No. 8100-00

Eighth Edition (September 1984)
This edition makes previous editions of this manual and their TechnicalNewsletters obsolete.
This manual is for planning purposes only. Before using it to plan an IBM system,
consult your IBM representative to find out if this is the applicable and current
edition. Copies of this and other IBM publications can be obtained through IBM
branch offices.
It is possible that this material may contain reference to, or information about,
IBM products-machines and programs, programming, or services-that are notannounced in your country. Such references or information must not be construed
to mean that IBM intends to announce these IBM products, programming, orservices in your country.
A form for reader's comments is at the back of this publication. Address additionalcomments to IBM Corporation, Department 52Q, Neighborhood Road, Kingston,
New York 12401. IBM may use or distribute any of the information you supply in
any way it believes appropriate without incurring any obligation whatever. You
may, of course, continue to use the information you supply.
© Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1978, 1984Preface
This manual contains introductory information about the IBM 8100
Information System. It can help you understand the 8100 Information
System, the interrelationships of its components, and the system's value to
distributed data processing. The manual briefly discusses system concepts,
programming support, hardware units and features, and input/output
devices that can be attached to the system.

Who Should Read This Manual
Users, or potential users, of the 8100 Information System, including
managers, programmers, and installation planners, should become familiar
with the contents of this manual. A general knowledge of data processing
concepts, data communications concepts, and event-driven systems isassumed.

How This Manual Is Organized
The information in this manual is divided into two parts of five chapterseach. Part 1 is an "Executive Overview" for customer executives who areevaluating distributed data processing and the 8100 Information System asways of meeting the needs of their enterprise. Part 2 is a "Technical
Overview" for managerial and technical personnel who are evaluating thefeasibility of an 8100 Information System to meet their distributed dataprocessing system requirements. A Glossary and Index at the back of themanual will help all readers.

Other 8100 Manuals
This manual describes the 8100 Information System hardware units, theircharacteristics, features, functions, and capabilities. The Related
Publications chart on the next page shows how this manual relates to therest of the 8100 system library and lists other 8100 hardware manuals. You
can order those manuals through your IBM marketing representative.
For details concerning the hardware configurations each licensed programsupports, refer to the following manuals:•

Distributed Processing Programming Executive/ System Product General
Information, GC23-0600•

Distributed Processing Programming Executive General Information,
GC27-0400•

Distributed Processing Control Executive General Information, GC22-9075•

Distributed Office Support Facility General Information, GC27-0546
Preface111

Related Publications
Distributed Processing
Programming Executive/
System Product~------I
General Information,
GC23-0600

An Introduction to the
IBM 8100 Information
System,GA27-2875

I
IBM 8100 Hardware
Migration Guidefor DPPX /SP,
GC23-0620

I
Distributed Processing
Programming Executive
General Information,
GC27-0400

I

Distributed Processing
Control Executive
General Information,
GC22-9075

I

IBM 8100
Information System:
Hardware Offline
Utilities,
GA23-0152

IBM 8100
Information System:
Site Planning Guide,GA27-2884(see Note)

IBM 8100
Information System:
8130/8140
Processors
Operator's Guide,GA27-3197

IBM 8100
Information System:
Switch Planning
Guide,
GA23-0106

IBM 8100
Information System:
8140 Processor
Description,
GA27-2880

IBM 8100
Information System:
Physical Planning
Template,
GX23-0208

IBM 8100
Information System:
8150 Processor
Description,
GA23-0122

IBM 8100
Information System:
8150 Processor
Operator's Guide,GA23-0123

IBM 8100
Information System:
8130 Processor
Description,
GA27-3196

IBM 8809
Magnetic Tape
Unit Installation
Manual - PhysicalPlanning,
GA32-0040

IBM 8100
Information System:
8101/8102 Storage
and Input/Output
Unit Description,
GA27-2882

Note:
IBM provides a Bill of Forms by which you can order
one form number and receive two or more documents.
Bill of Forms number GBOF-3983 will provide the following:• IBM 8100 Information System Site Planning Guide,• IBM 8100 Information System Physical Planning
Template, GX23-Q208.
• IBM 8809 Magnetic Tape Unit Installation ManualPhysical Planning, GA32-Q04O.
Bill of Forms GBOF-1589 will provide the following documents:• IBM Multiuse Communications Loop Planning andInstallation Guide, GA27-3341• Freddy Goodloop's Tips for Installing theComputer Loop, GX23-Q311
Use Bill of Forms SBOF-1594 to order three-ring binders
to store your description manuals.

IV

IBM 8100
Information System:
8140 Processor
Expanded Function
Operator Panel
Feature Description,
GA27-2879
IBM 8100
Information System:
Direct Access
Storage Device
Description,
GA23-0053
IBM 8100
Information System:
Principles ofOperation,
GA23-0031

I

IBM Multiuse
Communication
Loop Planningand Installation
Guide,
GA27-3341
IBM 8100
Information System:
Communications,
Loop, and Display/
Printer Attachment
Description,
GA27-2883

I

Loop Wiring Cards,
GX27-2989
Freddy Goodloop's
Tips for Installing
the Computer Loop,
GX23-0311
IBM Cabling System
Planning andInstallation Guide,GA27-3361

Contents
Part 1. Executive Overview

P1-1

Chapter 1. Introduction to Distributed Data Processing and the 8100
Information System 1-1
Data Processing Alternatives 1-2
Decentralized Data Processing 1-3
Centralized Data Processing 1-4
The 8100 Information System Approach to Distributed Data
Processing 1-5
Advantages
1-5
System Reliability, Availability, and Serviceability (RAS) 1-10
Customer Setup (CSU) '1-10
Licensed Programs 1-11
Chapter 2. Types of System Relationships Possible with the 8100
Information System 2-1
Stand-Alone System 2-1
Interconnected Processors 2-2
Host-Connected Processors 2-3
Processors Sharing Disk Files and Tape Drives 2-4
Chapter 3. Hardware and Communications Highlights 3-1
8100 System Hardware 3-1
Processors 3-1
8101 and 8102 Storage and Input/Output Units
3-4
IBM Diskette 2D Drive 3-4
8100 System Communications and Attachment Capabilities 3-4
Communications Examples 3-5
8100 System Unit Attachment Capabilities 3-6
Communications Programming Support, Protocols, and Lines
Related Hardware Manuals 3-10

3-6

Chapter 4. Programming Highlights 4-1
Distributed Processing Programming Executive/System Product(DPPX/SP) 4-1
DPPX/SP Highlights 4-3
DPPX/SP Components 4-4
DPPX/SP Program Products 4-6
Host Support 4-6
Distributed Processing Programming Executive (DPPX) 4-6
Program Products for DPPX 4-7
Host Support 4-9
Distributed Processing Control Executive (DPCX) 4-9
Distributed Processing 4-10
DPCX SNA Host Support 4-10
DPCX Application Programs 4-10
DPCX Access to Host Applications
4-11
Distributed Office Support Facility (DOSF) 4-11
DPCX Installation 4-13

Contents

VCompatibility with 3790 Communication System
Summary 4-13

4-13

Chapter 5. Reliability, Availability, and Serviceability (RAS)
Hardware RAS 5-1
System Availability through 8150B Dual Mode Processing 5-2
Programming RAS 5-2
Network RAS 5-3
RAS Summary 5-3
Part 2. TechnicalOverview

P2-1

Chapter 6. Hardware Unit Capabilities 6-1
Processors 6-15
IBM 8130 Processor 6-16
IBM 8140 Processor 6-18
IBM 8150 Processor 6-23
IBM 8101 and 8102 Storage and Input/Output Units
8101 Models A10, All, and A13 Features 6-28
8101 Models A20, A23, and A25 Features 6-28
8102 Model A15 and A17 Features 6-30
Related Hardware Manuals 6-31
Chapter 7. Processor Characteristics 7-1
Processing and Control Element (PCE) 7-1
Data Units 7-2
Data Types 7-2
Processor Resources 7-2
General Registers 7-2
Floating-Point Registers (8140 and 8150) 7-3
Processor (Main) Storage 7-3
Instruction Set 7-5
Data Integrity and Security 7-8
Program Definition 7-8
Address Control Vector 7-9
Program Status Vector 7-10
Floating-Point Status Vector (8140 and 8150) 7-11
Register Storage Organization 7-11
Principal Register Sets 7-11
Adjunct Register Sets 7-12
Exception Block Index (EBI) Registers 7-14
Floating-Point Register Sets (8140 and 8150) 7-14
Storage Control 7-14
Logical Addresses 7-15
Dynamic Address Relocation 7-15
PCE Address Space 7-15
Dynamic Address Translation 7-17
Storage Access Protection 7-19
Separation Protection (8150 Only) 7-19
PCE Control 7-20
Dispatching Priority Level 7-20
Enabling and Disabling Priority Levels 7-20
Dual PSVs per Priority Level 7-20
Program Environment 7-21

VI

6-27

5-1

I/O Operations 7-21
Programmed I/O 7-21
Channel I/O 7-22
Programmable Priority Level Assignments
Interrupt Control Element (ICE) 7-24

7-24

Chapter 8. Input/Output Functions and Features
Direct Access Storage 8-1
Magnetic Tape Attachment 8-2
Display and Printer Attachment 8-2
Operator Panels 8-4
8130/8140/8150 Operator Panel
8-6
8140 Expanded Function Operator Panel 8-7

8-1

Chapter 9. Communications Capabilities
9-1
Data Link Attachments 9-1
Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) 9-1
Binary Synchronous Communications (BSC) 9-3
Start-Stop (SS) 9-5
Loop Attachments 9-6
Directly Attached Loop 9-7
Data-Link-Attached Loop 9-7
Direct Attachments 9-7
Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices
10-1
IBM 2502 Card Reader with IBM 3782 Card Attachment Unit 10-5
IBM 2741 Communication Terminal 10-6
IBM 3101 Display Terminal 10-7
IBM 3104 Display Terminal 10-8
IBM 3178 Display Station 10-9
IBM 3179 Color Display Station 10-10
IBM 3180 Display Station Modell 10-11
IBM 3262 Line Printer 10-12
IBM 3268 Printer 10-13
IBM 3270 Personal Computer 10-14
IBM 3274 Control Unit 10-15
IBM 3276 Control Unit Display Station 10-16
IBM 3277 Display Station Models 1 and 2 10-17
IBM 3278 Display Station 10-18
IBM 3279 Color Display Station 10-19
IBM 3283 Printer 10-20
IBM 3284 Printer 10-21
IBM 3286 Printer 10-22
IBM 3287 Printer 10-23
IBM 3288 Line Printer 10-25
IBM 3289 Line Printer Models 1 and 2 10-26
IBM 3289 Line Printer Model 3 10-27
IBM 3290 Information Panel Display Station 10-28
IBM 3501 Card Reader 10-29
IBM 3521 Card Punch with IBM 3782 Card Attachment Unit 10-30
IBM 3600 Finance Communication System (A/FE and E/ME/A
Only) 10-31
IBM 3631/3632 Plant Communication Controllers 10-32
IBM 3641 Reporting Terminal 10-33

Contents

Vll

IBM 3642 Encoder Printer 10-34
IBM 3643 Keyboard Display 10-35
IBM 3644 Automatic Data Unit 10-37
Optional Feature 10-37
IBM 3645 Printer 10-38
IBM 3646 Scanner Control Unit with Magnetic Hand Scanner andMagnetic Slot Reader 10-39
IBM 3647 Time and Attendance Terminal 10-40
IBM 3650/3680 Programmable Store System 10-41
IBM 3732 Text Display Station 10-42
IBM 3736 Printer 10-43
IBM 3750 Switching System (A/FE and E/ME/A Only) 10-44
IBM 3767 Communication Terminal 10-45
IBM 3782 Card Attachment Unit with IBM 2502 Card Reader 10-46
IBM 3843 Loop Control Unit 10-47
IBM 3863 Modem 1200/2400 bps 10-48
IBM 3864 Modem 2400/4800 bps 10-48
IBM 3865 Modem 4800/9600 bps 10-48
IBM 3872 Modem 1200/2400 bps 10-50
IBM 3874 Modem 2400/4800 bps 10-50
IBM 3875 Modem 3600/7200 bps 10-50
IBM 3976 Modem Modell (A/FE and E/ME/A Only) 10-52
IBM 3976 Modem Model 3 (A/FE and E/ME/A Only) 10-52
IBM 4701 Communication Controller 10-53
IBM Series/l 10-54
IBM 5150 and 5160 Personal Computers 10-55
IBM 5210 Printer 10-56
IBM 5280 Distributed Data System 10-57
IBM 6580 Displaywriter System 10-58
IBM 6670 Information Distributor 10-59
IBM 8775 Display Terminal 10-60
IBM 8809 Magnetic Tape Unit 10-61
IBM 8809 Magnetic Tape Unit Typical Configurations 10-63
Glossary

Index

V111

X-I

GL-l

Figures
2-1.
2-2.
2-3.
2-4.
3-1.
3-2.
3-3.
3-4.
6-1.
6-2.
6-3.
6-4.
6-5.
6-6.
6-7.
7-1.
7-2.
7-3.
7-4:
8-1.
8-2.
8-3.
8-4.
8-5.
8-6.
9-1.

9-2.
9-3.
9-4.

Stand-Alone System 2-1
Interconnected Processors 2-2
Host-Connected Processors 2-3
Data Base Made Accessible by Storage and I/O Unit Switch
Feature 2-4
Example of a Small IBM 8100 Information System 3-6
Example of a Larger IBM 8100 Information System 3-7
Example of a Complex IBM 8100 Information System 3-8
Attachment Capabilities of 8100 System Units 3-9
IBM 8130 Processor 6-2
IBM 8140 Processor A Models 6-4
IBM 8140 Processor Models 6-6
IBM 8140 Processor C Models 6-8
IBM 8150 Processor 6-10
IBM 8101 Storage and Input/Output Unit. 6-12
IBM 8102 Storage and Input/Output Unit 6-14
Principal Register Sets 7-12
Relationship of Principal and Adjunct Register Sets 7-13
Relocating Logical Address Spaces in the peE Address Space 7-16
Using Translated Addresses to Access Main Storage 7-18
Average Data Transfer Time 8-2
Examples of Magnetic Tape Attachment Configurations 8-3
8130/8140 Operator Panel with Features ,8-4
8140 Expanded Function Operator Panel with Features Model A and B
Only 8-58150 Operator Panel
8-5
8101 and 8102 Storage and Input/Output Units Operator Panel
8-6
Distributed Systems Network 9-2
Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) Communications 9-4
Binary Synchronous Communications 9-5
Start-Stop Communications 9-6:aFigures

IX

Part 1. Executive Overview
This executive overview is for customer executives evaluating distributed
data processing in general and the 8100 Information System in particular as
ways of meeting the needs of their enterprise. This part contains thefollowing five chapters:
Chapter 1. Introduction to Distributed Data Processing and the 8100
Information System
This chapter compares distributed processing systems concepts todecentralized processing systems and centralized processing systems. It
also introduces the 8100 Information System and explains how it covers
the spectrum of decentralized-distributed-centralized processing.
Chapter 2. Types of System Relationships Possible with the 8100
Information System
This chapter presents the 8100 Information System building block
approach to system growth, from either a centralized or a decentralized
system, to a distributed data processing system.
Chapter 3. Hardware and Communications Highlights
This chapter introduces the hardware units of the 8100 Information
System and explains the system's communications capabilities.
Chapter 4. Programming Highlights
This chapter introduces two IBM operating systems that support the8100 Information System:•

Distributed Processing Programming Executive/System Product
DPPX/SP or Distributed Processing Programming Executive DPPX.

•

Distributed Processing Control Executive DPCX.

Chapter 5. Reliability, Availability, and Serviceability
This chapter presents the tools and levels of support that are available
to optimize the reliability, availability, and serviceability of the 8100
Information System.

Part 1. Executive Overview

Pl-lFrontispiece. IBM 8100 Information System

Pl·2

Chapter 1. Introduction to Distributed Data Processing andthe 8100 Information System
The IBM 8100 Information System is a data processing system designed to
distribute processing among computers in a cooperative network. The 8100
system offers the customer a variety of alternative functions, applications,and prices through its systems approach to distributed data processing. The
8100 system can be installed in a variety of ways and can be used for manybusiness and industrial applications. The system's computers can beconnected to host computers, other 8100 systems, or they can run as
stand-along processors. See Frontispiece.
The components of the 8100 Information System are the 8130, 8140, and 8150
processors, the 8101 and 8102 Storage and Input/Output Units, two types of
support programs, and attached input/output devices. The system can be
configured in a number of combinations of components to meet a wide
range of customer needs. This multipurpose data processing system canoperate stand-alone or as part of a hierarchy of interconnected processors,which can be other 8100 processors, IBM 4300 processors, IBM System/370
processors, and processors for systems supplied by other manufacturers.
The IBM 8100 Information System offers two kinds of programming support:
1.

Distributed Processing Programming Executive/System Product(DPPX/SP), a packaged group of licensed programs
OR

Distributed Processing Programming Executive (DPPX), a group ofindividual, licensed programs2.

Distributed Processing Control Executive (DPCX), a licensed programthat provides programming functions compatible with the 3790
Communications System. DPCX is the base system for Distributed
Office Support Facility (DOSF), a text application program.

Customers can connect input/output devices to the 8100 Information Systemeither directly without modem or through a common carrier
communications line (hereafter called a data link). Many devices can also
be connected through a communications loop, a single cable to which auser can attach a large number of devices.
IBM's Systems Network Architecture (SNA) and its communications
discipline, Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC), are the basis for the8100 Information System communications support. They offer an orderly,
structured approach to distributed processing. The 8100 system also
supports the Binary Synchronous Communications (BSC) and Start-Stop(SS) disciplines to let customers integrate 8100 hardware units into existing
communications networks. These older disciplines can migrate to a SNA
network as the customer adds newer communications devices and other8100 systems.

Chapter 1. Introduction to Distributed Data Processing and the 8100 Information System

1-1

Data Processing Alternatives

Planning

Functional Management(FM)--------Operational
Management

Operational
Management

Operational
Management

Operational
Management

(OM)

(OM)

(OM)

(OM)

Engineering(ENG)

Manufacturing(MFG)

Marketing(MKT)

Execution

Finance(FIN)

The management of a business or organization can set up its dataprocessing capabilities in a variety of ways, ranging from decentralized tocentralized.
DecentralizedI

I Centralized

The capabilities are based on the firm or organization's information needs
as the management perceives them and on the data processing equipment
and programming support used to satisfy those needs. The following
sections discuss some of the advantages and disadvantages of decentralized
and centralized data processing.

1-2

Decentralized Data Processing
At one end of the data processing spectrum for a company is thedecentralized approach which means that data is processed at several
locations. Each operational department in an organization sets up its own
stand-alone data processing system. A decentralized system allows:•

End users to participate in the scheduling and development ofapplication programs•

Administrative or production personnel to use the system easily•

Operational departments to ensure that their own data processing
requirements, both present and future, are met

A decentralized system also provides:•

Straight-forward cost justification•

High availability•

Fast application implementation without complicated systems andhighly trained application programmers

Stand-Alone Decentralized Data Processing

Along with these advantages, stand-alone systems have possible drawbacks:
they require management be more diligent and exercise tighter controls so
various operational departments do not duplicate their efforts andresources. For example, much of the data created, used, and changed at theoperational level is important for the overall control and measurement of
the company at the functional and general management levels. Since
stand-alone systems are controlled by their respective operational
departments, uniform standards and controls are often needed to make sureprograms and data are exchanged within a company or organization.

Chapter 1. Introduction to Distributed Data Processing and the 8100 Information System

1-3

Centralized Data Processing
At the other end of the data processing spectrum is the centralized
approach. With this approach, the general management of the enterpriseconsolidates the data processing function. A central data base not only
eliminates redundancy, but also brings together all information into avaluable corporate reservoir. Controls are easier to implement and manage,and Integrated applications are developed across the enterprise.

Centralized Data Processing

With centralized data processing, resources can easily be directed todevelop and implement applications that serve nonoperational areas such asfunctional management. However, when management commits resources todevelop and implement operational applications, it must consider the needsof all operational departments. The result may be that some operational
departments have difficulty satisfying their unique processing requirements.
Additionally, operational level users can communicate their processing anddata access needs to the central processors only through terminals, which
limits their interaction with the processors and data base that serve theentire enterprise. For these reasons, and because of improvements in costand performance in decentralized data processing technology, operational
departments often find the decentralized approach more attractive than thecentralized approach.
In summary, both centralized and decentralized data processing have theiradvantages and disadvantages, depending on the level and perspective of
the management evaluating them.

1-4

Centralized

Processing

Functional

Engineering

Manufacturing

Marketing

Finance

Distributed Processing

The 8100 Information System Approach to Distributed Data
Processing
Advantages
The 8100 Information System's distributed processing has the advantages ofboth centralized and decentralized processing and adds the flexibility tomeet the information requirements of all levels. It offers centralized control
of programming standards and procedures, security and integrity, andsensitive data. At the same time, it offers decentralized control ofapplication programs and makes them meet the specific requirements of all
operational departments. The system cuts costs by sharing data, programs,
procedures, skills, and control.

Chapter 1. Introduction to Distributed Data Processing and the 8100 Information System

1-5

8100 system distributed data processing is carried out at many locations ina wide variety of ways, each tailored to the application requirements of theusers in that location. Programmable storage devices containing theconsolidated data base are connected to host or interconnected processors.
Functions and data are distributed within a network of processors toprovide each organizational level with both data and processing resources
while also providing increased productivity and maintaining management
control of those resources.
The 8100 Information System covers the entire data-processing spectrum. It
may be installed as a decentralized, stand-alone system at the operational
level, and later connected to a distributed network.
It may be installed as a data processing system supported by a larger
centralized system such as System/370, a host-connected processor.
It may be installed as an addition to an existing 8100 Information Systemwith interconnected processors.

Decentralized

Distributed

Centralized.....- - - - - - 8100 Information System-----The 8100 Information System has the configuration flexibility andprogramming support to let an enterprise's data-processing system grow andchange as the information needs of the enterprise grow and change. It
offers high function at low cost, a choice of primary licensed programs, anda wide selection of storage and I/O options, including direct access storage
devices, a magnetic tape unit, communications facilities, printers, andprinter/display terminals. The 8100 Information System accommodates
multiple user environments by allowing customers to select the mostappropriate configurations.
With the 8100 Information System, an enterprise's data processing system
can evolve into a distributed data processing system that provides:
•
•
•
•
•
•

1-6

Management control
Distributed functions
Distributed data
Communications alternatives
Implementation alternatives
System management

Management Control
With the 8100 Information System as part of a distributed data processing
system, general and functional management levels can maintain control ofdata processing while applications processing is distributed amongconnected processors.
By using a central processor to which the 8100 Information System isconnected, general and functional management retain the advantages ofcentralized data processing through:•Economies from the shared use of hardware and data processing skills•

Minimum redundancy in the development of applications throughout
the enterprise•

Development and control of data processing standards•

Management of all applications within the businessAt the distributed processor locations, operational management gains the
support of other systems in the network while retaining the following
advantages of decentralized processing:•

Quick implementation of low-risk applications•

High system availability for operational level applications•

Control of applications that are unique to a particular operational
function•

Cost justification of a distributed system compared to local applications

Distributed Functions
8100 Information System processors can share processing functions,distributed throughout the data processing system, depending on where
they can be most effective.
Applications can be moved from the central processor location to locations
where they more logically or economically belong. Applications unique toan end user can be executed in the distributed processor at the end user's
location. The ability of the 8100 system to distribute processing functions
permits a balanced approach - necessary control at the general andfunctional management, and enough flexibility for the end user at all levels.
Distributed Data
In a simplified corporate structure, central control is at the top leveL
Delegation of responsibility and assignment of work flows down throughthe organization to the operational level while information is fed back to
the top. Typically, the greatest amount of information processing takes
place at the operational leveL That level needs to send only summary data
upward.

Chapter 1. Introduction to Distributed Data Processing and the 8100 Information System

1·7

Without distributed data processing, data base concepts use a central database containing information frequently accessed by the operational levels
via terminals. Yet there is no real need to keep all that information in thecentral data base if data storage is possible at the operational locations. As
application programs are developed by the operational levels to satisfy the
information needs of general and functional management, data flow to andfrom a central data base increases. As a result, communications line costs
and response time also increase.
Distributed data processing is a logical extension of these data baseconcepts. The 8100 Information System can store data at the distributed
processor locations and can share the data throughout the system.
Control and information needs of the organization can be satisfied and line
costs and response times can be optimized by configuring a system that
stores:•Strategic data at the corporate level•

Tactical information at the operational level•

Uniquely required information only where that need exists•

Commonly used information in a central place, making it accessible toremote users

Communications Alternatives and SNA
The 8100 Information System is a communications-based system. Its
communications support comes from IBM's Systems Network Architecture(SNA) and Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC), the SNA
communications discipline. The 8100 Information System also supports theolder line disciplines, Binary Synchronous Communications (BSC) andStart-Stop (SS). Therefore, the 8100 Information System can be integrated
into an existing communications network, and can migrate to a SNA
network as newer communications devices and 8100 systems are added.
The IBM 8100 Information System can be connected to a System/370 host, a4300 system processor, or to other 8100 system processors. The System/370
host connection can range from the total dependence of full-time linkage tomanual dial-up. User applications determine the particular relationshiprequired among processors.
SNA allows logical and physical network and terminal control functions tobe separated from customer application programs. This permits application
programmers to concentrate on application requirements, and reduces thetime and effort needed to execute and maintain user-application programs.
This architecture requires no interdependence between an application
program and a terminal. Because SNA terminals operate with the SDLC
line discipline, they communicate with application programs through acommon set of IBM programs. The functions and speeds of today's
terminals can be upgraded in the future without the massive application
reprogramming that was needed before SNA was introduced.

1-8

Because all SNA devices use a standard line protocol, different types of
SNA terminals can share a common communications line. This line sharing
reduces or eliminates the cost of redundant lines and networks previously
required to support various types of terminals. SNA offers greater potential
use of data communications resources across all applications in the system.
An aim of SNA is to let any terminal connect with any application and thus
eliminate redundant terminals and lines. In many cases, customers can add
new applications using existing lines and terminals. This can make many
applications financially feasible that could not have been feasible in thepast.
A systems approach to distributed processing is one of the important
benefits of SNA. A distributed processing system developed under SNA canbe flexible enough to meet both current and future requirements. As abusiness grows and its requirements change, SNA and distributed
processing provide a logical framework for expanding a network with hostor peer systems, while preserving the value of the investment already made.
General, functional, and operational management recognize that orderly
growth is essential in a distributed data processing system. SNA and the8100 Information System, in a distributed processing configuration, provide
the architecture and the systems approach needed to meet the challenge oforderly growth in a logical manner.

Implementation Alternatives
The 8100 Information System offers the option of designing, writing, andtesting application programs either centrally at the host processor,
remotely at operational areas, or in a combination of locations. An
operational area can develop stand-alone application programs to support
its unique information needs, while programs for several operational areas
can be developed centrally or jointly. As a result, users at the operational
level can develop and implement more application programs for their own
needs. Regardless of where application programs are developed, central
control is maintained.
Although the 8100 Information System is a major adjunct to System/370
host processing and is usually related to a centralized implementation, it
can also be installed stand-alone in operational areas, separate from thehost processor site. In either case, the central location or the remote
operational area can manage and implement application program
development. Customers can plan to involve the host in distributed dataprocessing when they install their system or later. The relationshipbetween the central processor and the distributed data processing systems
is a factor in a customer selecting the 8100 Information System licensed
program that will satisfy the information needs of the enterprise.

Chapter 1. Introduction to Distributed Data Processing and the 8100 Information System

1-9

System Management
The 8100 Information System allows the distributed processing network to
be monitored and managed from a central location. Network problem
determination can be carried out from the central site. Programs for allprocessors in the network can be generated and updated from a central
location.

System Reliability, Availability, and Serviceability (RAS)
Reliability, availability, and serviceability (RAS) of the network and its
individual processors are critical to the successful operation of any dataprocessing system. Distributed System Network Management tools
available for installation at the System/370 host location enhance the 8100
Information System's RAS facilities.

Customer Setup (eSU)
The IBM 8100 Information System is designed so customers can set up,
relocate, and test hardware units without tools or special skills.
Well-defined customer access areas, quick connectors, verification checkout
tests, and carefully tested instructions allow easy setup by customers.
Selected IBM input/output devices (described in Chapter 10) are also
designed for customer setup. IBM marketing representatives can help
customers determine which IBM products are designated "CSU."
For installation of an 8100 Information System to be successful, customers
must pay attention to the following stages of the installation:
1.

Configuration - The customer selects 8100 component and attachable
devices, with appropriate features, to create a customized information
system. Configuration information may be obtained from an IBM
marketing representative. This information will be needed wheneverchanges are made to the system, or when 8100 components or devices
are relocated.

2.

Site Planning/Preparation - Site planning requires the customer to use
configuration information to plan the placement of components, cables,and power sources. During site preparation, the customer allocatesspace for units and installs the appropriate power, cables, andcommunications facilities.
The 8100 Site Planning Guide, GA27-2884, contains site planning andcable order worksheets that customers can use in site planning,
preparation, and setting up the 8100 system.

1-10

3.

Customer Setup (CSU) - The customer uses IBM customer setup
instructions to situate and set up the hardware units as planned. Partof CSU includes customers verifying that the 8100 unit works correctly.

4.

Program Installation - The customer needs configuration and CSU
information to install and customize 8100 system licensed programs.

Licensed Programs
Two programs support the 8100 Information System:•

Distributed Processing Programming Executive/System Product(DPPX/SP)OR

Distributed Processing Programming Executive (DPPX)•

Distributed Processing Control Executive (DPCX)DPPX/SP is an enhanced version of DPPX, offering additional functions
and hardware product support. DPPX/SP supports existing program
products that are supported by DPPX.
DPPX is a communications-based operating system designed for 8100
Information System processors and distributed data processing applications.
With DPPX, remote sites can develop, compile, and execute application
programs either independently or with other 8100 Information Systems.
Application program development can also be centralized at a single 8100
Information System.
DPCX continues the system philosophy of the IBM 3790 Communication
System but uses the processing capabilities of 8100 system hardware.
Application programs written for the 3790 operating system will run
without change under DPCX. DPCX offers current 3790 users the addedfunctions and advantages of the 8100 Information System, while retaining
host control of application development. DPCX's Distributed Office Support
Facility (DOSF) is an IBM licensed program for text processing andpaperwork management. It helps users produce and manage letters, reports,
and manuals efficiently and economically as documents stored in an
8100/DPCX system.

Chapter 1. Introduction to Distributed Data Processing and the 8100 Information System

1-11Chapter 2. Types of System Relationships Possible with the8100 Information System
To meet the broad range of user requirements, the IBM 8100 Information
System is designed for four different kinds of systems:•

Stand-alone systems•

Interconnected processors•

Host-connected processors•

Processors sharing disk files and tape drives

The degree to which the 8100 Information System supports the relationshipbetween parts of these systems depends on programming support, discussed
in Chapter 4.

Stand-Alone System
The stand-alone system (Figure 2-1) performs an application or group of
applications without depending on another processor. Data or program
information may be transferred to other systems by exchange of physicalmedia. The stand-alone system may be located in a data processing centeror it may be part of a multiple system. If several locations require the same
application, each location probably has its own independent system
performing that application. Stand-alone systems may grow to distributed
configurations when they are connected to hosts and peers.
Processor

Terminal

Figure 2-1.

Data BaseWork Station

Stand-Alone System

Chapter 2. Types of System Relationships Possible with the 8100 Information System

2-1

Interconnected Processors
Interconnected processors are two or more 8100 Information Systemprocessors directly linked as a distributed data processing system.
Interconnected processors (Figure 2-2) are supported by DPPX or DPPX/SP
and operate jointly on one application or a group of closely related
applications. A program on one processor:•

Activates application tasks that reside on an interconnected processor.

•

Reads from or writes to an on-line data file or data base on aninterconnected processor with the help of user programming.

Other characteristics of interconnected processors include:•

Interactive use of interprocessor applications•

No subordination of one system to another with regard tocommunications or applications•

Optional communications link to a host processor for batch data or
batch submission
Application

Application~..,

Data Base.......

,..,

Interactive
LineInterconnected
Processor

2-2(Work Station

Interconnected Processors

Terminal

Work Station......
Data Base......

Terminal

Figure 2-2.

Intercon nected
Processor

Host-Connected Processors
The host is the controlling element in a host-connected distributed dataprocessing system. Depending on application requirements, the IBM
System/370 or IBM 4300 can support 8100 Information Systems connected assatellites.
A host-connected system (Figure 2-3) consists of a host processor connected
to one or more distributed processors capable of operating jointly on an
application or a group of closely related applications. A program on one
processor:•

Activates application tasks that reside on another system.

•

Reads from or writes to an on-line data file or data base on anothersystem with the help of user programming.

•

Transmits programs to another system for execution.

An interconnected processor system may be configured within ahost-connected system, and mayor may not need the host for support.

C

Network
Host Processor::::

Corporate
Data Base

....

~

/

Application~.)......

Data Base.....

Distributed
Processor

".

.....

Distributed
Processor

Data Base....

~

Terminal

FigureApplication

Interactive
Line (DPPX)

2-3.

I

Work Station

IlTerminal

1I

Work StationI

Host-Connected Processors

Chapter 2. Types of System Relationships Possible with the 8100 Information System

2-3

Processors Sharing Disk Files and Tape Drives
The Storage and 1/0 Unit Switch Feature allows an operator to select. which one of two 8100 processors, or which one of two processing andcontrol elements (peEs) in the 8150 B Model Processor, has access to a database stored on disk files or tape drives. The switch feature is located on an
8101 or 8102 Storage and 1/0 Unit attached to the processors.
The data base is connected to the primary processor by the 8101 or 8102. If
a failure occurs in the primary processor, the operator can use the switch
feature to electronically switch access to the data base to the secondary
processor. See Figure 2-4.
Application

Application

Sharing
Processor

Sharing
Processor

Switchr--..... Feature./
Terminal

Work Station

Terminal

Work Station

Data Base
Tape
or
Disk

Figure 2-4.

2-4

Data Base Made Accessible by Storage and I/O Unit Switch
FeatureChapter 3. Hardware and Communications Highlights

8100 System Hardware
With the IBM 8100 Information System, users can select and configure
units to meet a variety of application requirements. The most basic system
begins with an 8130, 8140, or 8150 Processor. The 8130 and 8140 contain adisk, a diskette drive with removable diskette, and communications andinput/output (I/O) facilities. The 8150 has a diskette drive andcommunications and I/O facilities, but it does not have its own disk storage.
Disk storage for this processor is provided by an attached 8101 or 8102
Storage and I/O Unit.
The basic system can be expanded by adding 8101s and 8102s that provide
disk storage, 8809 Magnetic Tape Units, and communications and I/Ocapabilities. Communications and I/O adapters attach multiple printers or
display terminals, and a card reader and punch, to the 8100 system, either
directly or by data link. These devices can also be attached to loops
connected either directly or by data link to the 8100 system.
All IBM 8100 Information System units are designated customer setup units
to provide faster availability and easier relocation.

Processors
The 8100 Information System offers three multilevel, interrupt-driven
processors, the 8130, 8140, and 8150. There are four 8130 A models, two 8130
B models, twenty 8140 A models, six 8140 B models, three 8140 C models,four 8150 A models, and four 8150 B models.
8130 Processor
The IBM 8130 Processor models provide controls, storage, disk storage,
diskette storage, and communications and I/O capabilities for the 8100
Information System.
8140 Processor
The IBM 8140 Processor models provide controls, storage, disk storage, anddiskette storage for the 8100 Information System. Additionally, models
A31- A34, A41 - A44, B51, B52, B61, B62, B71, B72, C72, C82, and C92
provide communications and I/O capabilities.
Floating-Point arithmetic is a standard part of models A41- A44 and it is an
optional feature of the 8140 Band C models.
The Expanded Function Operator Panel is available as an optional featureon 8140 models A31-34, A41- A44 (if selected on the A41- A44,
communications capabilities can only be selected via the 8101), and on all
the 8140 B models.

Chapter 3. Hardware and Communications Highlights

3-1

8150 Processor
The IBM 8150 Processor models provide controls, storage, diskette storage,
and communications and I/O capabilities for the 8100 Information system.
The 8150 B models also provide increased availability through two
Processing and Control Elements (PCEs) and increased reliability throughError Correction Coding. Disk storage for the 8150 is provided by attaching
8101 and 8102 Storage and I/O Units.
Floating Point is optional.

Processor Functions
The 8130, 8140, and 8150 Processors also provide the following;•

Dynamic address relocation and translation of logical addresses within
a logical address space of"up to 16M bytes•

Storage protection•

High-speed register storage separate from main storage•

Eight priority levels of program execution•

Capability to define supervisor and application programs on the samepriority level•

Sixteen general registers per program•

Priority level assignment of I/O devices through programming(available on 8130 only when the System Expansion feature is installed)•

Sixteen sublevels per priority level for I/O interrupt request
identification (available on 8130 only when the System Expansion
feature is installed)•

Basic instruction set•

I/O bus with a capacity of up to 930K bytes per second for the 8130 and1.25 million bytes per second for the 8140 and 8150•

Flexible system configuration with the attachment of 8101 or 8102
Storage and I/O Units•

Remote attachment to System/370 over communications facilities
ranging from 600 to 9600 bits per second with BSC, and up to 56,000 bits
per second with SDLC•

Wide variety of I/O device attachment features including:
Directly attached loops
Loops attached by data link
Synchronous Data Link Control communications attachments
Binary Synchronous Communications attachments
Start-Stop communications attachments

3-2

Storage
A listing of processors and internal disk storage by model follows:
8130 Models

Processor Storage

Disk Storage

A2l
A22
A23
A24
B23
B24

256K to 1024K bytes
256K to 1024K bytes
256K to 1024K bytes
256K to 1024K bytes
1024K to 2048K bytes
1024K to 2048K bytes

29 million bytes, movable heads
23 million bytes, movable and fixed heads
64 million bytes, movable heads
58 million bytes, movable and fixed heads
64 million bytes, movable heads
58 million bytes, movable and fixed heads

8140 Models

Processor Storage

Disk Storage

A31
A32
A33
A34
A41
A42
A43
A44
A51
A52
A53
A54
A61
A62
A63
A64
A71
A72
A73
A74
B51
B52
B61
B62
B71
B72
C72
C82
C92

256K to 384K bytes
256K to 384K bytes
256K to 384K bytes
256K to 384K bytes
320K bytes
320K bytes
320K bytes
320K bytes
512K bytes
512K bytes
512K bytes
512K bytes
768K bytes
768K bytes
768K bytes
768K bytes
1024K bytes
1024K bytes
1024K bytes
1024K bytes
512K bytes
512K bytes
768K bytes
768K bytes
1024K bytes
1024K bytes
1024K bytes
1536K bytes
2048K bytes

29 million bytes, movable heads
23 million bytes, movable and fixed heads
64 million bytes, movable heads
58 million bytes, movable and fixed heads
29 million bytes, movable heads
23 million bytes, movable and fixed heads
64 million bytes, movable heads
58 million bytes, movable and fixed heads
29 million bytes, movable heads
23 million bytes, movable and fixed heads
64 million bytes, movable heads
58 million bytes, movable and fixed heads
29 million bytes, movable heads
23 million bytes, movable and fixed heads
64 million bytes, movable heads
58 million bytes, movable and fixed heads
29 million bytes, movable heads
23 million bytes, movable and fixed heads
64 million bytes, movable heads
58 million bytes, movable and fixed heads
58 million bytes, movable and fixed heads
123 million bytes, movable and fixed heads
58 million bytes, movable and fixed heads
123 million bytes, movable and fixed heads
58 million bytes, movable and fixed heads
123 million bytes, movable and fixed heads
123 million bytes, movable and fixed heads
123 million bytes, movable and fixed heads
123 million bytes, movable and fixed heads

8150 Models

Processor Storage

Disk Storage

1024K bytes
2048K bytes
3072K bytes
4096K bytes
2048K bytes
4096K bytes
6144K bytes
8192K bytes

Disk storage is not available within
the processor, but is available
through an attached 8101 or 8102.

AI0
A20
A30
A40
B20
B40
B60
B80

Notes:
1.

In this manual, when referring to the above models as 8130 A and B
models, 8140 A, B, and C models, and 8150 A and B models, any listed
two-digit suffix number is assumed.

2.

The capital letter suffix K, as used in this manual when referring tostorage capacity, means 2 to the 10th power, or 1024 decimal notation.

Chapter 3. Hardware and Communications Highlights

3-38101 and 8102 Storage and Input/Output Units
The 8130 A Model Processors can attach one or two IBM 8101 or 8102
Storage and Input/Output Units. The 8130 B Model Processors can attach
up to three 8101s or 8102s. 8140 Processors can attach up to four 8101s or
8102s and 8150 Processors can attach up to eight 8101s and 8102s. Somefeatures available on 8101s and 8102s are:
8101 Models

Feature
AlO

All

A13

A20

Display and Printer Attachment

X

X

X

X

Communication and Loop
Attachment

X

X

X

X

8102 Models
A25

A15

A17

X

X

X

X

X

X

A23

X

29 Million Byte Disk Storage
64 Million Byte Disk Storage

XX

128 Million Byte Disk Storage

XX

129 Million Byte Disk Storage
259 Million Byte Disk Storage
8809 Magnetic Tape Unit

X
X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Storage and 110 Unit Switch
Diskette 2D

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

IBM Diskette 2D Drive
The 8100 Information System has a diskette feature which may be used for:••••

Logging
Dumping
Data exchange
Initial program load

The diskettE! 2D Drive provides up to 1 million bytes of removable diskettestorage when using the 2D diskette. It operates at a data rate of 62K bytes
per second.
One diskette is provided in a single processor. A maximum of two diskettes
can be attached to a single 8100 system, the second being attached to an
8101 Storage and I/O Unit.

8100 System Communications and Attachment Capabilities
The IBM 8100 Information System provides the capabilities for attachingterminals, I/O devices, and additional processors in a distributed system.
Attachments can be made through:•

Data link - communications using modems and common carrier
communication lines. The 8100 system permits data-link attachment'to
System/370 processors or 4300 processor via SDLC or BSC.

3-4

•

Direct connect - a means of attaching another 8100 system, terminal,
or other I/O device to an 8100 system through a selected
communications interface and a limited length cable. The directconnect capability does not require modems or other communications
equipment to attach at either the 8100 system or the connected device.
Direct connect maximum speeds and maximum cable distances depend
on which one of two interfaces is used. One interface supports a
maximum speed of 9,600 bps and a maximum cable length of 12.1 m (40ft). The other interface supports a maximum speed of 56,000 bps and amaximum cable length of 304.8 m (1000 ft).

•

Loop - a closed electrical signal path connecting a number of I/O
devices to the system. Loops can be attached to the 8100 Information
System in two ways: directly and through a data link. Directly
attached loops operate at 9600 or 38,400 bps. Data-link-attached loops
operate at 2400, 4800, or 9600 bps. For specific device and programming
support, refer to the general information manuals for DPPX/SP, DPPX,
and DPCX.
Both directly attached and data-link-attached loops can be used with allprocessors and with the 8101 Storage and I/O Unit.
The Loop Adapter Second Lobe feature allows the directly attached loop
to divide the attached devices between two different cables through asecond lobe for improved device placement, simpler installation
planning and control, and greater loop cable length.

•

Display and Printer Attachment - a capability that allows selectdisplays and printers to be directly attached to specific 8100 system
units via a single coaxial cable or a combination of coaxial cable and
IBM Cabling System cable. The 8100 units and the devices that the
Display Printer Attachment will attach are listed in Chapter 8 under"Display and Printer Attachment." The Display and Printer Attachment
supports an inbound (receive) data rate of 91,575 characters per second
from devices and an outbound (transmit) rate of 61,050 characters per
second.
Up to four devices can be attached to an 8100 unit's first Display and
Printer Attachment adapter in any combination. As many ·as five more
Display and Printer Additional Adapters may be added, each allowing
up to four additional devices to be attached in any combination.

Communications Examples
Figure 3-1 shows a small system with displays and a printer. Figure 3-2
depicts a much larger system. Figure 3-3 is an example of a complex systemhaving devices connected directly and via loop and Display and PrinterAttachment. For a list of many of the devices that can be attached to the8100 system, see Chapter 10.

Chapter 3. Hardware and Communications Highlights

3-581308 with Disketteand Disk Storage

3278
Display Station

3276
Control Unit/
Display Station~
3287-1Printer

Figure 3-1.

ra
~

\

~

~

Example of a Small IBM 8100 Information System

8100 System Unit Attachment Capabilities
Figure 3-4 shows the attachment capabilities of the IBM 8100 Information
System's processors, storage and I/O units, and magnetic tape unit.
Note: "Communication Port Attachment" refers to the set of hardware
communications features dedicated to a single data channel for receiving
data from or transmitting data to one or more external devices.

Communications Programming Support, Protocols, and Lines
DPPX/SP, DPPX, and DPCX support the synchronous data link control(SDLC) line protocol. DPPX/SP and DPPX also support the binary
synchronous communications (BSC) and start-stop (SS) line protocols.
SDLC line speeds can be up to 56,000 bits per second with 8130 B model,
8140, and 8150 processors. BSC line speeds can be up to 9,600 bits per
second.
The IBM 3631 and 3632 Plant Communications Controllers may be attachedby data link and control their own loop transmission facility.
Directly connected facilities for SS, BSC, and SDLC are available.

3-6

8775-1,2

Directly
Attached
Loop with
8 Displays

Host
line

Directly Attached Loopwith 1 line PrinterDirectly Attached Loopwith 8 Displays

3289-3
Printer

Display Terminal

8809
Magnetic
Tape Unit

Data-link-Attached Loopwith 7 Displays and1 li ne PrinterControl Unit

Figure3-2.

Example of a Larger IBM 8100 Information System

Chapter 3. Hardware and Communications Highlights

3-7

o

DISPLAY and PRINTERATTACHMENT

6580
Displaywriter

LOOP
ATTACHMENT
Data Link Attachedthrough a

3843 Loop Control
Unit

COMMUNICATION PORTATTACHMENT

6670
3262-13

Information
Distributor

Printer

3262-2,12
Printer

Automatic

3230-2Printer

Data Unit

Display Station

Directly Attachedor Data Link

Attached Loop

3287-11, 12

3268-1Printer

Color Display Station~ 3289-1,2
3274-51C'---~=if.iL.___---~1

3287-1,2

Printer

Printer

Display Station

Control Unit

3278-1,2,3,4,5
Display Station

Printer

3283-52
Printer

Figure3-8

3-3.

Example of a Complex IBM 8100 Information System

o
8150

DISPLAY and PRINTERATTACHMENT

Processor

o

OD

c

Modell A attaches to an 8140 Model
B or C, 8101 or 81020

Figure3-4.

Attachment Capabilities of 8100 System Units

The line types supported by the 8100 are:•Switched (host only)•

Switched with auto-answer from System/370 or 4300 host (SDLC only)•

Nonswitched (leased line)•

Full and half-duplex communications facilities operating in half-duplex
data mode

Other communications and I/O attachment features allow the following:•

8100-to-8100 communications•

BSC device (2780/3780-compatible) attachment to the 8101 Storage andI/O Unit and 8130,8140, and 8150 processors.

•

Start-stop device, IBM 2741 Communications Terminal, IBM 3101
Display Terminal, or teletypewriter equipment (TTY) 33/35 Protocol
device attachment via 8101.for 8140 C model and 8150 processors•

TTY device attachment to a 7426 Terminal Interface Unit on a directly
attached or data-link-attached loop, or on a communications line.

Chapter 3. Hardware and Communications Highlights

3-9Related Hardware Manuals
For more information about 8100 System processors, see the following
manuals:•

IBM 8100 Information System: 8130 Processor Description, GA27-3196•

IBM 8100 Information System: 8140 Processor Description, GA27-2880•

IBM 8100 Information System: 8150 Processor Description,GA23-0122

For more information about the 8101 and 8102 Storage and I/O Units, see
IBM 8100 Information System: 8101/8102 Storage and Input/Output Unit
Description, GA27 -2882.
For more information about the 8100 System's communications capabilities,
see IBM 8100 Information System: Communications, Loop, andDisplay/Printer Attachment Description, GA27-2883.

3-10Chapter 4. Programming Highlights
This chapter briefly describes the two operating systems that support IBM
8100 Information System hardware:•

Distributed Processing Programming Executive/System Product(DPPX/SP): a general-purpose, communications-oriented operating
system. It is a single software package consisting of enhanced versionsof DPPX and its licensed products as well as added licensed products.
OR

Distributed Processing Programming Executive (DPPX): an operating
system that can be used with a stand-alone system or with a distributed
processing system•

Distributed Processing Control Executive (DPCX): a host-supported
programming system that provides text processing and dataapplications.

Brief descriptions of DPPX/SP, DPPX, and DPCX follow. For detailed
descriptions, see:•Distributed Processing Programming Executive/System Product General
Information, GC23-0600,•

Distributed Processing Programming Executive General Information,
GC27-0400,•

Distributed Processing Control Executive General Information,
GC22-9075.

Distributed Processing Programming Executive/System
Product (DPPX/SP)
DPPX/SP and its related program products form an interactive operating
system for running application programs on IBM 8100 Information Systemcomputers.
Customers familiar with DPPX, described later in this chapter, may noticethat DPPX/SP includes several program products marketed separately
under the DPPX Base operating system. In addition, DPPX/SP includes
enhancements and functions that will take advantage of the hardware
capabilities of the 8150 Processor and will also enhance productivity of 8130
and 8140 Processors as well as support the 8101 and 8102 storage and I/Ounits.
DPPX/SP is for new and existing 8100 distributed data processing systems.
Additional and enhanced functions, application-to-application
communications flexibility, and performance benefits make DPPX/SP
Chapter 4. Programming Highlights

4-1

attractive to customers wanting to upgrade their 8100 network management
capabilities.
DPPX/SP is designed to distribute information processing among 8100
processors and connected systems in a cooperative network. It has also
expanded a user's network management capabilities by increasing thecommunication between a host or remote operator and multiple
applications throughout the network.
DPPX/SP is easier to install than the DPPX Base and associated licensed
products. The system is installed, serviced, and customized as a single unit.
DPPX/SP features include the following:

4-2•

DPPX/SP, with the addition of the programming languages it supports,
lets users write application programs to perform diverse functions.
Several languages and tools are available. Users can develop theseapplication programs at both central and distributed sites.

•

Users with application programs that run with DPPX Base will be able
to run them with DPPX/SP.

•

Through distributed processing, DPPX/SP decreases the workload
placed on a host computer. It also lets users increase productivity inremote locations by decreasing the time it takes to access information
those sites need.

•

DPPX/SP allows access to data in both 8100 and host computers,
eliminating the need for users to duplicate data.

•

DPPX/SP provides on-line panels to help users obtain services. Thesepanels prompt the user to enter information at the terminal.
Inexperienced users can take advantage of special help panels andtutorials to become familiar with the on-line panels. Enhancements
help programmers construct and design their own panels to decrease thetime spent doing repetitive or complex tasks.

•

DPPX/SP provides security and data integrity through several features.
An authorized user can control who has access to what data andwhether the data can be viewed, changed, or printed. DPPX/SP also
protects the integrity of data bases. It allows recovery from errors aswell as re-creation of a data base in case of damage.

•

DPPX/SP supports the full range of 8130, 8140, and 8150 configurations,
the BSC Programmed Communications feature, connection to othersystems, and the Personal Computer and Displaywriter attachments.

DPPX/SP Highlights
DPPX/SP components and program products give 8100 system users thefollowing advantages:•

Greater usability throughMenu-driven system functions
Improved system messages
Printer sharing enhancements including multiple operators
Expansion or contraction of defined catalogs
Option for unattended Remote Job Entry
Task-oriented documentation•

Increased attachment of devices and subsystems through
DPPX/SP Work Station Support
PC File Transfer Services
DPPX/SP supports attachment of IBM 5210 Printer, Series/I, 6580
Displaywriter System, 5150/5160 Personal Computers, 4700 FinanceCommunication System, 5280 Distributed Data System, and 8100/DPCX
systems.

•

Enhanced function throughHost Transaction Facility
Shadow File
Multiple Batch Environments
Format Management
Router•Better performance throughSave/restore IPLDASD Cache
Distributed indexed access method enhancements
Self-tuning buffers
I/O reductions in fetching for dynamic resident routines
User library improvements
Remote Job Entry: larger maximum RU size•

Improved network and system management support through
System trace options and performance enhancements
Formatted Dump
Error Log Summary and Archive enhancements
First Failure Data Capture

Chapter 4. Programming Highlights

4-3

DPPX/SP Components
In addition to all the functions included in the DPPX Base, DPPX/SP
includes the following components:
Application Support Components•

The Format Management (FM) Component of Distributed Presentation
Services (DPS) '-- provides an ease-of-use aid for application program
development and execution. At run time, it allows the application tosend and receive data using the previously generated maps.

•

Data Base and Transaction Management System (DTMS) - supplements
DPPX Base services by (1) managing concurrent processing ofuser-written transaction programs, (2) controlling access to andprotecting the integrity of shared data, and (3) allowing DTMS
applications to communicate with System/370 or 4300 Customer
Information Control System/Virtual Storage (CICSjVS) and Information
Management System/Virtual Storage (IMS/VS) applications.

•Shadow Processing - allows a user to set up and maintain duplicate
disks so if one disk becomes damaged, application processing cancontinue using the other disk•

Interactive Productivity Facility (IPF) - an ease-of-use aid that allows
users to respond to prompts instead of entering commands.

Components for Enhanced Network Access•

Remote Job Entry (RJE) - supports job output from host application
programs. Host programs may be used from 8100 terminals through
DPPX/SP. Output from DPPX/SP application programs may be stored asdata sets at the 8100.

•

Data-Stream Compatibility (DSC) - allows users at some terminals
attached to the 8100 to communicate with selected 3270 applications ina System/370 or 4300 host processor without programming changes ateither the host or the 8100.

•

Router - lets an operator access different applications in many different
domains without logging on and off between each application.

•

Host Transaction Facility (HTF) - lets programs in an 8100 work with
programs in the host.

Components for Network Management•

Distributed Host Command Facility (DHCF) - helps create a link
between an application program in the 8100 and a terminal user
attached to the host. DHCF works under Host Command Facility (HCF)in the host.

Note: HCF is a program product that lets the user of a host-attacheddisplay terminal log on to an 8100 system and perform functions that

4-4

could be performed by the operator at the 8100. HCF executes in a
System/370 or 4300.
•

Host Data Transfer (HDT) - provides for data transfer between the hostand the 8100. HDT works with the Distributed System Executive (DSX)
program product.

Note: DSX is a program product that allows a user at a host-connected
terminal to retrieve data sets from 8100s in a network and store,
manage, and distribute them wherever they are needed in the network.
DSX executes in a System/370 or 4300.
•

Problem Determination Application (PDA) - alerts the host operator ofcertain errors in the attached 8100.

•

Link Problem Determination Aid (LPDA) - monitors activity indata-link networks downstream of an 8100 processor and alerts theoperator of an SDLC-connected System/370 or 4300 host when hardware
or software errors occur. LPDA executes in an 8100 processor allowing
problem determination communication with downstream IBM 3863,
3864, or 3865 modems. LPDA complements Network Problem
Determination Application (NPDA) running at the host site.

Note: NPDA provides for the collection, recording, display, andanalysis of problem-related data retrieved from a number of network
devices. These include the IBM 3705 Communications Controller,
telecommunications lines, 386x modems, and 3270 control units. NPDA
runs in the host computer, not in the 8100, and accepts alerts from 8100
(and 3600) systems and routes them to the network operator.
•

Programmed Operator Facility (POF) - performs many functions
otherwise requiring system operator action. It can intercept messages
and codes targeted for the 8100 system operator and apply
pre programmed responses to them.

Components for Specialized Applications•

Sort/Merge - lets users sort and merge data.

•

DPPX Parameter Table Generation for the IBM 3644 Automatic Data
Unit - helps programmers efficiently customize the 3644 Automatic
Data Unit.

•

DPPX/SP Work Station Support (DWSS) - allows IBM 6580
Displaywriter and IBM 5150/5160 Personal Computer users to store
documents and files in "folders" in the 8100 system. Once a document
has been filed, a user can retrieve it, print it, and send it to other local
DWSS users.

•

PC File Transfer Services - allows users of IBM 3270 Personal
Computer and IBM 3270 Personal Computer Attachment to send files to
the 8100 system and retrieve them for later use.

For more information about DPPX/SP components, see DPPX/SP General
Information, GC23-0600.
Chapter 4. Programming Highlights

4-5

DPPX/SP Program Products
DPPX/SP supports program products that are supported by DPPX. Many ofthe program products that work with DPPX/SP are preceded by the name
DPPX (for example, DPPX APL). These products work with both DPPX andDPPX/SP. The program numbers are the same.
DPPX/SP supports the following program products which can be orderedseparately:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

DPPX COBOL Compiler
DPPX PL/l Compiler
DPPX PL/l Library
DPPX FORTRAN Compiler
DPPX FORTRAN Library
DPPXAPL
Cross System Product/Application Development for DPPX/SP
Cross System Product/Application Execution for DPPX/SPDPPX Assembler
DPPX/SP Interactive Map Definition
DPPX Performance Tool
Data Capture and Management System (DCMS)DPPX Presentation Services for 3640 Terminals
Distributed Systems Executive
Host Command Facility

For mOre information about DPPX/SP program products, see DPPX/SP
General Information, GC23-0600.

Host Support
DPPX/SP is supported by the VTAM, ACFjVTAM, BTAM, TCAM, andACF/TCAM host access methods. DPPX/SP supports 8100 Information
Systems connected to a System/370 or 4300 host via an SDLC line. Remote
Job Entry and Data-Stream Compatibility can also use a BSC line. Hostoperating system support is via DOSjVS, VSE, OS/VS1, and OS/VS2 (MVS).
In addition, DPPX/SP supports several program products such as IMS/VS,
CICS/VS, and TSO.

Distributed Processing Programming Executive (DPPX)DPPX is a versatile, general-usage operating system made up of the DPPX
Base program product and its family of licensed program products. DPPX
supports:

4-6•

All 8100 Information System processors except the 8150, which is'supported by DPPX/SP•

The 8101 Storage and I/O Unit•

The 8809 Magnetic Tape Unit

•

A wide variety of attachments for terminals, unit record devices, andsystem-to-system communications

The complete set of program products that comprise the DPPX family is
described below. This set includes three System/370 or 4300 program
products - Host Command Facility (HCF), Distributed System Executive(DSX), and Network Problem Determination Application (NPDA) - which
may be used in networks that include 8100 Information System processors.
DPPX is designed for distributed processing configurations. With the rangeof programming and device support provided by DPPX, an 8100 Information
System processor can communicate with other 8100 processors and with
System/370 and 4300 processors, as well as function as a stand-alone system.
In a DPPX distributed system, applications can be off-loaded from a central
System/370 or 4300 processor to remote locations and changed for execution
in distributed processors. New applications unique to the remote location
can execute in the distributed processors. The ability to distributeprocessing functions permits a balanced approach. Control, including
problem determination, is at the central location yet remote locations
maintain flexibility.
DPPX provides support services for application development, including
high-level languages and interactive application-development tools. It canbe used to handle many applications, including business, scientific, andmanufacturing control.
DPPX has a comprehensive set of facilities that permit effective
management of data processing operations including system installationand customization, system operation, data security, and system growth.

Program Products for DPPXThe program products that can be used with the DPPX Base fall into thefollowing categories:

Languages for Application Development
DPPX COBOL Compiler
DPPX COBOL Run-Time Library
DPPX FORTRAN Compiler
DPPX FORTRAN Library

DPPX PL/I Compiler
DPPX PL/I Library
DPPXAPL
DPPX Assembler

Programmers who have used these languages on other systems can easily
familiarize themselves with their DPPX versions.

Application Support Programs•

DPPX Distributed Presentation Services (DPS) - helps programmers
specify how an application program should format data on display
terminals and printers.

•

DPPX Data Base and Transaction Management System (DTMS) supplements DPPX Base services by (1) managing concurrent processing
Chapter 4. Programming Highlights

4-7

of user-written transaction programs, (2) controlling access to andprotecting the integrity of shared data, and (3) allowing DPPX DTMS
applications to communicate with System/370 or 4300 Customer
Information Control System/Virtual Storage (CICS/VS) and Information
Management System/Virtual Storage (IMSjVS) applications.
•

DPPX Development Management System (DMS) - a productivity toolfor developing and running application programs without using a
programming language. DMS consists of two program products: (1)Development Management System for DPPX, for developing DMS
programs, and (2) Development Management System Execution Facility
for DPPX, for running DMS programs. The Execution Facility must be
installed in an 8100 that is to execute a DMS program.

•

DPPX Data Capture and Management System (DCMS) - allows bulk,
full-screen entry of large amounts of repetitive data in a batch mode.

•

DPPX Interactive Productivity Facility (IPF) - an ease-of-use aid thatallows users of DPPX Base services to respond to prompts instead ofentering commands.

•

DPPX Performance Tool - for collecting and reporting information
about DPPX Base and DTMS performance. It can be used to tune thesystem after installation and when the system changes.

•

DPPX Sort/Merge - lets users sort and merge data.

Programs for Enhanced Network Access•

DPPX Remote Job Entry Work Station Facility (RJE) -lets users at an
8100 submit user-defined jobs to a host operating system's job queue for
execution. DPPX RJE also controls job output sent back to the 8100
location after execution.

•

DPPX Data-Stream Compatibility (DSC) - allows certain keyboard
displays, printers, controllers, and processors attached to an 8100
system to communicate with application programs in a System/370 or
4300 host processor as though they were directly attached by data linkto the host. The keyboard display, printer, controller, or processor
appears to be in direct session with the application at the hostprocessor.

Programs for Network Management

4-8•

DPPX Problem Determination Application (PDA) - monitors activity inan 8100 processor and alerts the operator of a System/370 or 4300 hostthat is connected by SDLC when an error occurs.

•

Host Command Facility (HCF) - runs in a System/370 or 4300 host andlets users issue most DPPX commands from a terminal connected to thehost. It allows installation, control, problem determination, and serviceof remote 8100 systems from the host location.

•

Distributed Systems Executive (DSX) - runs in a System/370 or 4300
and provides central library support for a distributed system with
DPPX.

•

DPPX Programmed Operator Facility (POF) - performs many functions
otherwise requiring system operator action. It can intercept messages
and codes targeted for the 8100 system operator and apply
preprogrammed responses to them. It is designed to allow users with
reduced skill and effort to operate a remote 8100. DPPX POF executes
in an 8100 processor.

Programs for Specialized Applications•

DPPX Presentation Services for 3640 Terminals - helps programmers
develop and run transaction programs for certain 3640 terminals.

•

DPPX Parameter Table Generation Facility for the IBM 3644 Automatic
Data Unit - helps programmers efficiently customize the 3644
Automatic Data Unit.

For more information about DPPX program products, see DPPX General
Information, GC27-0400.

Host Support
DPPX is supported by the VTAM, ACF/VTAM, BTAM, TCAM, andACFjTCAM host access methods. DPPX supports 8100 Information Systems
connected to a Systemj370 or 4300 host via an SDLC line. DPPX RJE andDPPX Data Stream Compatibility can also use a BSC line. Host operating
system support is via DOS/VS, VSE, OS/VS1, and OS/VS2 (MVS). In
addition, DPPX supports several program products such as IMS/VS,
CICS/VS, and TSO.

Distributed Processing Control Executive (DPCX)
Distributed Processing Control Executive (DPCX), a licensed program
designed to control the 8100 Information System, is a programmable,
multi-application, display-oriented operating system, which can execute up
to 94 user programs concurrently. It is designed for combined text and dataprocessing applications, and provides the functions for interactive
processing at distributed sites and interactive processing between the hostand distributed sites. DPCX is the base system for Distributed Office
Support Facility (DOSF), a text application program.

Chapter 4. Programming Highlights

4-9Distributed Processing
DPCX and its host support program product, Host Prep, allow users to
distribute data and processing functions while retaining control at the hostcomputer. These host-controlled functions include program development,
distribution and updating, system design integrity, and network
management.
Applications may run independently of the host, accessing local DPCX databases and doing all processing locally. Conversely, applications may
establish SNA sessions with host applications, thus distributing processing
and data between DPCX and host applications.

DPCX SNA Host Support
DPCX is supported by the ACFjVTAM, and ACFjTCAM host SNA accessmethods. DPCXj8100 is connected to the host via an SDLC line. SCP(System Control Program) support is via VSE, OSjVSI, OSjVS2 (SVS), andOS/VS2 (MVS). In addition, DPCX is supported by several program
products such as IMSjVS, CICSjVS, VSPC and TSO, DSX, RES/JESI, JES2,
JES3, POWERjVS, and POWERjVSE.
The DPCX application programmer can allow DPCX to manage all or someof the SNA protocols in the DPCX application program.
The Host Prep licensed program provides to the host system the functions
needed to assemble, format, test, and transmit programs to be assembled.

DPCX Application Programs
An application programmer, using Host Prep programming statements, can:•Write programs that communicate with a terminal.

•

Check the data entered by the operator.

•

Read and update application data sets.

•

Send data to a common print spool for printing.

A program can also communicate with a host program in a batch orinteractive session using SNA protocols.
Instead of programming for the DPCX/8100 system using the Host Prep
programming statements, programmers can use Development Management
Service (DMS), a licensed program. DMS is a high-productivity,form-driven, prompt-response, interactive component for generating display
panels, display printer formats, and data definition sections of theapplication program.
Once a DPCX application program has been coded, it is tested and preparedby host support programs provided with the Host Prep program at the host.

4-10Thus, all DPCX application programs are written and tested at the host
location under control of host data processing personnel. Only after these
programs are completed at the host are copies transferred through the
network to the various 8100/DPCX installations.
At the 8100 system, each DPCX application program executes on a symbolic
machine, consisting of real storage resources (a set of buffers, registers, andcondition indicators). A program can also allocate and release virtualstorage for program work areas as part of the symbolic machine. Eachsymbolic machine is protected from access by other programs at the same
8100 system.

DPCX Access to Host Applications
DPCX support allows users access to certain host applications. These
functions are:•Data-Stream Compatibility, which allows local or remote displays anddisplay printers to be supported by existing 3270-based hostapplications.

•

On-line printing to local or remote printers supported by 3270-based
host applications.

•

An RJE package that includes on-line work station program support for
host-based RJE applications, and off-line functions, such as spooled
printing and input editing with user exits.

In addition, many field-developed programs (FDPs) and Installed User
Programs (IUPs) provide applications for use with DPCX.

Distributed Office Support Facility (DOSF)
The Distributed Office Support Facility (DOSF) is an IBM licensed program
for text processing and paperwork management at an IBM 8100 Information
System. DOSF adds text processing to any 8100 Information System thathas the DPCX operating system. (DPCX Release 4 is required for systems
with 8130 B Model and 8150 Processors.)
DOSF can be used by typists, terminal operators, administrators,
secretaries, clerks, or staff professionals and managers. It will help themproduce and manage letters, reports, and manuals efficiently andeconomically as documents stored in an 8100/DPCX system.
While other 8100 DPCX jobs are running on a system, users not familiar
with data processing can use DOSF to do the following:•

Type, edit, and revise documents using the IBM 3732 Text Display
Station and the IBM 8775 Display Terminal with the Interactive Display
Text Facility (IDTF) licensed program.

•

Print documents using the IBM 3736 Printer, IBM 5210 Printer ModelE, and IBM 6670 Information Distributor.
Chapter 4. Programming Highlights

4-11

•

Format documents automatically.

•

Store frequently used text, thus reducing repetitive typing.

•

Create individualized documents from stored text and from informationin DPCX data sets.

•

Create, sort, and select items from structured documents (records
processing).

•

Perform arithmetic on numbers or columns of numbers in documents.

•

Check and correct spelling in documents.

•

Send and receive documents to and from the host for distribution orarchiving.

•

Send documents to the 8100 system for printing and storage froman IBM 5150/5160 Personal Computer connected to an IBM 3278
Display Station or 3279 Color Display Station by the 3270 PC
Attachment
a loop-attached IBM 5150/5160 Personal Computera Displaywriter
The user can also retrieve documents from the 8100 system to update
them.

•

Transfer files between an IBM Personal Computer and the 8100 system
for later retrieval at a Displaywriter, Personal Computer, or DOSF
terminal.

•

View documents on any 8100/DPCX display.

Users familiar with data processing and 8100/DPCX capabilities can write
programs and procedures to:•

Automate various office practices through user-written procedures.

•

Incorporate information from the host system and 8100/DPCX files
directly into a document.

•

Combine data processing and text processing.

For further information about DOSF, refer to the Distributed Processing
Support Facility, General Information, GC27-0546.

4-12

DPCX Installation
DPCX and DOSF can be installed in several ways: A DPCX system is
distributed in its entirety, via diskettes from the IBM Programming
Information Department (PID), to all customer sites. The DPCX system canthen be customized to the user's configuration of the 8100 Information
System through an interactive display service. In addition, DPCX may bereconfigured by the customer, if new devices or functions are required,without affecting existing customer data bases or programs.
A simplified installation, using Automated System Service for InstallingStand-Alone Text (ASSIST), is available for users of DOSF only (no dataprocessing). ASSIST provides a preconfigured DOSF application ready for
operators to use. A system using ASSIST installation can later be expanded
to include data and text processing.
Network Installation Management (NIM) lets customers use one DPCX
system to create system configuration records. Customers then use theDistributed Systems Executive (DSX) licensed program to transmit theconfiguration from a host to the other 8100/DPCX systems in the network.

Compatibility with 3790 Communication System
Application programs written for the 3790 Communication System will run
without change or recompilation under DPCX when the same or compatible
devices are used. User applications transferred from the 3790 will benefit
from the increased performance of the DPCX/8100 Information System.
User data sets are transferred via diskettes from 3790 disk storage. The
data sets are transferred to diskettes using a 3790 function and transferredfrom diskettes to the 8100 disk using a DPCX service.

Summary
DPCX provides the user with a multi-application, interactive system for
distributed processing that features the following:•

Central host control with the ability to distribute data and processing.

•

Various combinations of interactive and batch communications withlocally or remotely attached terminals and a host processor.

•

Many system-provided functions and services.

•

Customer-configured installation.

For more information about DPCX, refer to Distributed Processing Control
Executive General Information, GC22-9075.

Chapter 4. Programming Highlights

4-13Chapter 5. Reliability , Availability, and Serviceability (RAS)
In a distributed data processing system, all components are interrelated.
The availability of each component, the host processor, the distributed
processor, the data links, and the attached devices affect the availability ofthe entire data processing system. For this reason, a distributed systemneeds a network control point to monitor network status and manage
network problems and changes. This network control point can be locatedat any network node but it is usually located at a System/370, allowing
administration and management tools to be designed for operation with the
System/370 or 4300 host system.
The IBM 8100 Information System supports reliability, availability, andserviceability (RAS) in three major areas: hardware, programming, andnetwork. The hardware support is supplemented by the programming
support, which in turn is supplemented by the network support.

Network RAS

Program RAS(DPPX. DPPX/SP. or DPCX)

Hardware RAS

Hardware RAS
The 8100 Information System provides the hardware level of RAS, which isthe base on which the other more complex levels are built. The following
hardware RAS facilities are available for 8100 processors:•

Power-on and IPL tests•

8150 B Model Processor's dual Processing and Control Elements (PCEs)•

Storage and I/O Unit Switch Feature•

Hardware error detection circuitry
ECC for main storage
Off-line diagnostics
Maintenance Analysis Procedures (MAPs)
Program Error Check
I/O Error Handler
Exception Error Handler

Chapter 5. Reliability, Availability, and Serviceability (RAS)

5-1

System Availability through 8150B Dual Mode Processing
In the 8150 B Model Processor, additional system control facilities provide
functions that enhance system availability by allowing users to reconfigure
the system around a failing component. An input/output device can be madeaccessible to either PCE in the processor by connecting it to each PCE'schannel by means of system control facilities.

Programming RAS
The programming level of RAS combines the hardware RAS facilities withthose of the associated licensed programs. This combination can be usedas:•A stand-alone system•

Part of an interconnected system•

Part of a host-connected system

At this level, RAS tools can be divided into those that are offered by both
hardware and licensed programs and those that are offered only by thelicensed programs.

Hardware/Licensed Program Tools••••

Error logging and display
System message numbers
Trace
On-line problem determination tools

Program Product Tools
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

5-2

On-line system or application dumps
Stand-alone dumps
Service level update management
Programmed assistance in application of PTFs
Application program debugging facilities
Copy
Entries or exits for user management or recovery procedures
Vary I/O
APAR create (DPPX)
Error log formatter
User exits

Network RAS
The network level includes a wide range of RAS support. It helps manage
the network from a central control point where the major data processing
resources are usually concentrated. It requires end users, within the
distributed system network, to have only minimum data processing
experience.
Network RAS facilities can be used by the network manager or control
operator to:•

Monitor the status of a network and identify existing or developing
network problems•

Access current information about a problem•

Test the nature and extent of an existing problem and verify when it
has been resolved•

Report problems requiring further diagnosis to the proper support
personnel

Network RAS facilities include:•

A network problem data display facility that selects, retrieves, anddisplays formatted error log data from a remote network node. Thisfacility supports the network problem determination activity thatdefines the failing subsystem or node.

•

A link testing facility that allows the user to detect and report network
integrity problems. This facility verifies that a program in an initiatingprocessor can communicate with a program in another processor within
the network.

•

A data set transmission capability that supports central program
maintenance. This facility allows data from the host to be transmitted
to a network node. It also helps in transmitting operating and error
data sets from the node to the host.

RAS Summary
To meet the requirements of network management, the 8100 Information
System offers RAS facilities with supporting documentation at the network,
programming, and hardware levels. These RAS facilities take a network
approach in their concept, requirements, staging, and implementation.
They are a flexible means of responding to the RAS requirements ofindividual distributed system networks.

Chapter 5. Reliability. Availability. and Serviceability (RAS)

5-3

This is the end of the executive overview. You may continue with:•Part 2, "Technical Overview".

•

Distributed Processing Programming Executive General Information,
GC27-0400.

•

Distributed Processing Programming Executive/System Product General
Information, GC23-0600.

•

Distributed Processing Control Executive General Information,
GC22-9075.

•

5-4

Distributed Office Support Facility General Information, GC27-0546.

Part 2. Technical Overview
This technical overview is for managers and technical personnel
considering the IBM 8100 Information System as their distributed dataprocessing system. This part contains the following five chapters:
Chapter 6. Hardware Unit Capabilities
This chapter describes the functions and features of the 8130, 8140, 8150,
8101, and 8102 - the 8100 Information System's processors and storage
and I/O units.
Chapter 7. Processor Characteristics
This chapter describes the characteristics of the 8130, 8140, and 8150
Processors.
Chapter 8. Input/Output Functions and Features
This chapter describes the disk storage, magnetic tape adapter, andoperator panels, as they pertain to the 8101, 8102, 8130, 8140, and 8150.
Chapter 9. Communication Capabilities
This chapter presents the various methods of attaching input/output
devices and processors to the 8100 Information System.
Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices
This chapter lists and describes many of the IBM devices that can be
attached to, and are supported by, 8100 Information System hardware
units.
This part does not define restrictions or limitations placed on the system by
DPPX/SP, DPPX, and DPCX. These restrictions and limitations are definedin the documents provided with the licensed programs. Also, this part is
not intended to be used to configure an 8100 Information System. However,it may help in selecting features and devices when it is used withconfiguration information provided by IBM marketing representatives.

Part 2. Technical Overview

P2-1

Chapter 6. Hardware Unit Capabilities
The IBM 8100 Information System is a communications-oriented,
stand-alone system that can be attached to a host System/370 or 4300
system. The many models of the 8100 system's three processors and two
storage and input/output units, along with the system's operating systems,
permit multiple system configurations that support the ,attachment of awide variety of products. The IBM 8100 Information System offers:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Processor storage capacities up to 8192K bytes
Dynamic address relocation and translation of logIcal addresses within
a logical address space of up to 16M bytes
Storage protection
High-speed register storage separate from main storage
Eight priority levels of program execution
Definition of four modes of program execution
Capability to define supervisor and application programs on the samepriority level
Sixteen fullword general registers per program
Priority level assignment of I/O devices through programming
Sixteen sublevels per priority level for I/O interrupt request
iden tifica tion
Basic instruction set
Floating-point arithmetic instruction set
High-speed disk storage
Tape subsystem compatible with System/370
A wide variety of I/O device attachment features including:
Directly attached display stations and printers
Directly attached loops
Data-link-attached loops
SDLC communications attachments
BSC communications attachments
SS communications attachments

The hardware units of the 8100 Information System are:•

IBM 8130 Processor (Figure 6-1)•

IBM 8140 Processor A models (Figure 6-2)•

IBM 8140 Processor B models (Figure 6-3)•

IBM 8140 Processor C models (Figure 6-4)•

IBM 8150 Processor (Figure 6-5)•

IBM 8101 Storage and Input/Output Unit (Figure 6-6)•

IBM 8102 Storage and Input/Output Unit (Figure 6-7)

Chapter 6. Hardware Unit Capabilities

6-1

F ig u re

6~1 (P ar t 1

o f 2).

IBM 8130 P roce ss o rModel

Processor Storage

Disk Storage

Communication
Capabilities

Features

29 Million Bytes Movable Heads

Basic:• 256K-byte• Operator Panel

23 Million Bytes Movable andFixed Heads

Optional:• One additional
128K-byte
increment to384K bytes or

64 Million Bytes Movable Heads• Additional
256K-byte
increments to1024K bytes

58 Million Bytes Movable andFixed Heads

B23

64 Million Bytes Movable Heads

B24

Optional:

Optional:• System
Expansion• Six communication
ports• Keylock• Security
Locks

Basic:

Basic:• 10241<"
Main Storage• Operator PanelI--• Keylock• Security Locks

Optional:

58 Million Bytes Movable andFixed Heads

Basic:-• One or two
additional
512K-byte
increments to2048K bytes
max

Optional:• System
Expansion
Display and• Printer
Attachment(24 ports)

Optional:• Six communication
ports (only 5 if
Display and
Printer Attachment
installed)D

for attachment of a maximum of 24
D ofProvides
the following devices in any combination:
3277 Displays Model 1 or 2
3732 Text Display Station
3287 Printers Model 1 or 2
3284.3286.3288. or 3736 Printers6580 Displaywriter

Figure6-1 (Part 2 of 2).

IBM 8130 Processor

Chapter 6. Hardware Unit Capabilities

6-3

Figure

6-4

6-2 (Part 1 of 2).

IBM 8140 Processor A Models

ModelDisk Storage

Processor Storage

29 Million Bytes - Movable
Heads

58 Million Bytes - Movable
Heads and Fixed Heads
29 Million Bytes - Movable
Heads
23 Million Bytes - Movable
Heads and Fixed Heads• 256K-byte• Operator Panel• Diskette 2D Drive

Optional:
Optional:• Additional
128K-byte
increment
to 384K bytes

Basic:• 320K bytes
only with nostorage
expansion~_~ 64 Million Bytes - Movable

Optional:• Expanded Function
Operator Panel• Security Locks

Basic:• Operator Panel• Diskette 2D Drive• Floating Point~_~ 29 Million Bytes - Movable

Heads~_-I 23 Million Bytes - Movable

Heads and Fixed Heads

Optional_t - - - I . Two

Optional:

D

58 Million Bytes - Movable
Heads and Fixed Heads• Threecommunication
ports• Keylock• Expanded Function
Operator Panel

Heads

~_-I

Communication
Capabilities

Basic:

23 Million Bytes - Movable
Heads and Fixed Heads
64 Million Bytes - Movable
Heads

Features

Basic:

communication
ports

D

• Keylock• Security Locks
With expanded function operD ator
panel, Communication

Basic:• 512K bytes
only with nostorage
expansionPorts cannot be selected onModels A41-A44_

64 Million Bytes - Movable
Heads

~--I

58 Million Bytes - Movable
Heads and Fixed Heads

t----I

29 Million Bytes - Movable
Heads~_-I 23 Million Bytes - Movable

Heads and Fixed Heads

Basic:

Basic:• 768K bytes
only withno storage
expansion• Operator Panel

1-_-1 64 Million Bytes - Movable• Diskette 20 Drive

Optional:• Keylock

Heads• Security Locks

1-_-1 58 Million Bytes - Movable
Heads and Fixed Heads
29 Million Bytes - Movable
Heads
23 Million Bytes - Movable
Heads and Fixed Heads

Basic:• 1024K bytes
only withno storage
expansion

1-_-1 64 Million Bytes - Movable
Heads
58 Million Bytes - Movable
Heads and Fixed Heads

Figure6-2 (Part 2 of 2).

IBM 8140 Processor A Models

Chapter 6. Hardware Unit Capabilities

6-5

of ').
Fi gu re ... . (P an I

-6

IB M 8'4 0 PrOCesSor B

Mo de lsModelDisk Storage

DeviceAttachment Capabilities

Features

Processor Storage

58 Million Bytes - Movable
Heads and Fixed Heads

Basic:• 512K bytes
only withno storage
expansion
123 Million Bytes - Movable
Heads and Fixed Heads

Basic:
Basic:
58 Million Bytes - Movable
Heads and Fixed Heads• Operator Panel

Basic:• 768K bytes
only withno storage
expansion

58 Million Bytes - Movable
Heads and Fixed Heads

I--~• Diskette 2D Drive

Optional:• Keylock• Four additional
communication ports• Security Locks

Optional:• Expanded Functio
Operator Panel

123 Million Bytes - Movable
Heads and Fixed Heads

B71• Three communication
ports• Floating PointD• Another four additional
communication ports
OR• Display and PrinterAttachment
OR• Magnetic Tape
Attachment

fJ

Basic:• 1024K bytes
only withno storage
expansion

123 Million Bytes - Movable
Heads and Fixed Heads

If the Floating Point feature is selected, then the device
II attachment
capability is one of the following:• Four additional communication ports• Display and Printer Attachment• Magnetic Tape Attachment

Provides for attachment of a maximum of 24 of thefollowing devices in any combination:
3277 Displays Model 1 or 2
3732 Text Display Station
3287 Printers Model 1 or 2
3284, 3286, 3288, or 3736 Printers6580 Displaywriter

Figure6-3 (Part 2 of 2).

IBM 8140 Processor B Models

Chapter 6. Hardware Unit Capabilities

6-7

Figure 6-4 (Part 1 of 2).

6-8

IBM 8140 Processor C Models

ModelDisk Storage

Processor Storage

Basic:

B-

123 Million Bytes Movable Heads
and Fixed Heads• 1024K bytes
only withno storage
expansion

Features

Basic:

Optional:• Operator Panel• A maximumof tencommunication
ports
OR

• Diskette 20 Drive• Keylock• Security Locks

Optional:• Floating Point

Basic:

B-

123 Million Bytes Movable Heads
and Fixed Heads• 1536K bytes
only withno storage
expansion

123 Million Bytes Movable Heads
and Fixed Heads• 2048 K bytes
only withno storage
expansion

DeviceAttachment Capabilities• Maximum ofeight
communication
ports with
Display and
Printer
Attachment
OR• Maximumof eight
communication
ports with
Magnetic Tape
Attachment

Basic:

BFigure6-4 (Part 2 of 2).

IBM 8140 Processor C Models

Chapter 6. Hardware Unit Capabilities

6-9

Figure

6-10

6-5 (Part 1 of 2).

IBM 8150 Proces sor

Model

Processor
Storage

DeviceAttachment

Features

Capabilities

1024K
Bytes

2048K
Bytes
Basic:• Operator
Panel
3072K
Bytes

• Diskette
2D Drive• Keylock• Diskette
Lock

4096K
Bytes

• Hardware
Timer
Facility

Optional:• A maximumof 12communication
ports

Optional:• Floating
Point
2048K
Bytes

B40

• Master Clock
Synchronization
Interface

4096K
Bytes

6144K
Bytes

8192K
Bytes

Figure6-5 (Part 2 of 2).

IBM 8150 Processor

Chapter 6. Hardware Unit Capabilities

6-11

Figure

6-12

6-6 (Part 1 of 2).

IBM 8101 Storage and Input/Output Unit.

ModelDisk Storage

Features

Basic:
Display and PrinterAttachment Type IORommunications
Attachment Type I

29 Million Bytes
Movable Heads

Optional:
eDisplay and PrinterAttachment Type I
OR
eCommunications
Attachment Type I

64 Million Bytes
Movable Heads

Optional:
eDisplay and PrinterAttachment Type II
ORCommunications
Attachment Type II

Optional:e Diskette 20
Drive• Magnetic Tape
Adapter

Optional:~________________________________~

OR
eCommunications
Attachment Type I

Optional:
64 Million Bytes
Movable Heads

128 Million Bytes
Movable Heads

eDisplay and Printer
1 - - - - - 1 Attachment
ORommunications
A ttachment Type I

6-6 (Part 2 of 2).

Optional:
eDisplay and PrinterAttachment
OR.communications
Attachment Type II 1-----1

e Diskette 20
Drive
e Magnetic Tape
Adapter• Magnetic Tape
Adapter• Storage Unit
I/O Unit
Switch . .

Optional:

Optional:

Optional

eDisplay and PrinterAttachment
OReCommunications
A ttachment Type I

eDisplay and PrinterAttachment
OReCommunications
Attachment Type II• Magnetic Tape
Adapter

Display and PrinterAttachment (Type lor I/}

Communications Expansion/
Attachment Types I and /I

Keylock andSecurity Locks

Provides for attachment of a
maximum of 24 of the following devices in any combination:

Each provides for attachmentof four Communication Ports.

Optional on A10,
A11, A13.
Basic on A20,
A23, A25.

3277 Displays Model 1 or 2
3732 Text Display Stations
6580 Displaywriter
3287 Printers Model 1 or 2
3284,3266,3288,or3736
Printers

FigureOptional

eDisplay and PrinterAttachment• Storage andI/O Unit
SwitchD

D

Display and Printer Attachment andCommunication Attachment features
cannot be ordered with the Storage and I/O
Unit Switch feature.

IBM 8101 Storage and Input/Output Unit.

Chapter 6. Hardware Unit Capabilities

6-13

Figure 6-7 (Part 1 of 2).

6-14

IBM 8102 Storag e and Input/ Outpu t Unit

ModelDisk Storage

Features
Basic:• Security Lock

129 Million Bytes Movable Heads

Optional:• Display and
Printer
Attachment

258 Million Bytes Movable Heads

D• Magnetic Tape
Adapter• Storage and I/O
Unit Switch

D Provides for attachment of a
maximum of 24 of the following devices in any combination:
3277 Displays Model 1 or 2
3287 Printers Model 1 or 2
3284, 3286, or 3288 Printers

Figure 6-7 (Part 2 of 2).

IBM 8102 Storage and Input/Output Unit

Processors
The 8100 Information System offers an 8130 Processor available in six
models, an 8140 Processor available in 29 models, and an 8150 Processor
available in eight models. This choice of models lets the user configure asystem to satisfy initial requirements and later reconfigure the system tomeet new requirements.
Additionally, 8101 and 8102 Storage and I/O Units can be attached toprocessors under the following limits:•

An 8130A model with the System Expansion feature allows users to
attach one or two 8101s or 8102s.

•

An 8130B model with the System Expansion feature allows users to
attach up to three 8101s or 8102s.

•

8140 Processors can have up to four 8101s or 8102s.

•

8150 Processors can have up to eight 8101s or 8102s.

Also,
•

A maximum of four 8809 Magnetic Tape Units can be attached directly
to an 8100 system.

The main differences between 8100 processor models are their operating
speeds and message-throughput capabilities. The 8140C and the 8150B are
Chapter 6. Hardware Unit Capabilities

6-15

capable of improved message throughput compared to other 8140 and 8150
models because of their concurrent processing characteristics using Dual
Mode operations in two peEs. Instruction-execution speed andmessage-throughput performance depend on hardware configuration, thechoice of I/O communications capabilities, and application characteristics.

IBM 8130 Processor
The 8130 is a low-cost, general-purpose processor with a wide range ofapplications available in four A and two B models. It is interrupt-driven
with eight hardware-interrupt levels, and it has a maximum of six ports
through which various communications capabilities may be attached to I/O
devices. The devices that can be attached are described in Chapter 10.
The storage cycle time of the 8130 is 1500 nanoseconds. The 8130 cantransfer I/O data at 930K bytes per second.
All 8130 models include the following items:•

Operator panel•

Processor storage of 256K, 384K, 512K, 768K, or 1024K bytes on the A
model, depending on feature selection•

Processor storage of 1024K, 1536K, or 2048K bytes on the B model,
depending on feature selection•

4K bytes of read-only storage besides the processor storage for IPL of
the A model•

8K bytes of read-only storage besides the processor storage for IPL of
the B model•

IBM diskette 2D drive with up to 1 million bytes of removable diskettestorage. The 2D drive can use either the type 1 or 2D diskette.

•

Nonremovable disk storage with 23 to 64 million bytes of storage
including 128K bytes accessed by fixed heads, depending on the model
selected.

•

Dynamic address translation and storage access protection that allows
addressing of up to 4M bytes of logical storage in the 8130A.

•

Dynamic address translation and storage access protection that allows
addressing of up to 8M bytes of logical storage in the 8130B.

•

Eight priority levels•

Maintenance device port

'Floating-point arithmetic is performed on the 8130 by programs such as the
DPPX FORTRAN Library floating-point subroutines (an IBM program, product).

6-16

8130A Optional Features
Note: The number in parentheses is the Feature Specify Code, used for
identifying features and designating other information about the feature.
For features that have prerequisites and restrictions, see your IBM
marketing representative.

•

Keylock (4655) - This three-position key-operated switch provides
security for the 8100 system. The switch positions are:Secure: Disables the power-on and operator panel functions.
Power Only: Enables power-on but disables operator panel functions.
Enable: Enables power-on and operator panel functions.

•

Security Cover Locks (6555) - Provides locks for the front and rearcovers.

•Security Lock, Diskette (6566) - Provides a lock for the diskette cover.

•

Processor Storage (1710) - Provides 128K bytes of additional processor
storage for Models A21 through A24.

•

Processor Storage (1720) - Provides 256K bytes of additional processor
storage for Models A21 through A24.

•

System Expansion (1530) - Provides programmable priority levels andI/O interrupt request determination. Required for attachment of up to
two 8101s or 8102s, or one 8101 or 8102 and one 8809 Model IB Magnetic
Tape Unit directly to the 8130.

•

Loop Adapter (4830) - Provides for attachment of a directly attachedloop at 9600 or 38,400 bps.

•

Loop Adapter Second Lobe (4835) - Provides for attachment of a second
lobe to a directly attached loop.

8130B Optional Features
Note: For features that have prerequisites and restrictions, see your IBM
marketing representative.

•

Processor Storage (1730) - Provides 512K bytes of additional storage.
Maximum: two per 8130B.

•

System Expansion (1530) - Provides programmable priority levels andI/O interrupt request determination. Required for attachment of up to
three 8101s or 8102s, or two 8101s or 8102s and one 8809 Model 1B
Magnetic Tape Unit directly to the 8130.

•

Loop Adapter (4830) - Provides for attachment of a directly attachedloop at 9600 or 38,400 bps.

Chapter 6. Hardware Unit Capabilities

6-17

•

Loop Adapter Second Lobe (4835) - Provides for attachment of a second
lobe to a directly attached loop.

•

Display and Printer Attachment (3220) - Provides for attachment of up
to four display/printer terminals.

•

Display and Printer Additional (1506) - Provides for attachment ofadditional display/printer terminals in any combination up to four.

Note: Keylock, Security Cover Lock, and Diskette Security Lock arestandard features in the base 8130B.

8130 Processor Hardware Communications Features•

SDLC Communications with Business Machine Clock (1601, 8130A only)•

SDLC Communications without Business Machine Clock (1602)•

BSC/SS Communications with Business Machine Clock (1603, 8130A,
8130B A/FE only)•

BSC Communications without Business Machine Clock (1604, 8130A,
8130B A/FE only)•

Modem, Integrated, Nonswitched (5500, 8130A only)•

Modem, Integrated, Switched (5501, 8130A only)•

Digital Data Service Adapter (DDSA) (5660, 8130A only)•

EIA RS-232·C/CCITT V.24 Interface (3701)•

CCITT V.35 Interface (1550)•

Multispeed Clock (5200)•

Public Switched Network Adapter (PSNA) Manual (2947, 8130A only)•

X.21 Adapter for Nonswitched Networks (5655)•

X.21 Adapter for Switched Networks (5656)

IBM 8140 Processor
The 8140 is a multilevel, interrupt·driven processor designed to complement
the distributed data processing capabilities of the 8100 Information System.
It offers greater performance than the 8130 and is available in 29 models:
20 A models, 6 B models, and 3 C models.
The storage cycle time for the 8140 is 800 nanoseconds. The 8140 cantransfer I/O data at 1.25 million bytes per second. Up to four 8101 or 8102
Storage and I/O Units can be attached to the 8140. Up to four 8809
Magnetic Tape Units can be attached to the 8140 or to an 8101 or 8102.

6-18

Processor storage for the 8140 can be 256K, 320K, 384K, 512K, 768K, 1024K,
1536K, or 2048K bytes, depending on the model.
The 8140 include the following items:•

Operator panel•

4K bytes of read-only storage besides the processor storage for IPL of
the A and B models•

8K bytes of read-only storage besides the processor storage for IPL of
the C models•

IBM Diskette 2D drive with up to 1 million bytes of removable diskettestorage. The 2D drive can use either the type 1 or 2D diskette.

•

Nonremovable disk storage with 23 to 123 million bytes of storage
available, depending on model selection•

Dynamic address translation and storage access protection to address
4M bytes of logical storage in the 8140A and B•

Dynamic address translation and storage access protection to address
16M bytes of logical storage in the 8140C•

Eight priority levels•

Concurrent (Dual Mode) processing with two PCEs (8140 C model)•

Maintenance device port

Floating-point arithmetic is provided on Models A42 - A44 and is available
as an optional feature on all Band C models.

8140 Features
Note: The number in parentheses is the Feature Specify Code, used for
identifying features and designating other information about the feature.
For features that have prerequisites and restrictions, see your IBM
marketing representative.
•

Storage Increment 128K (1490) - Provides 128K bytes of additional
storage. Processor storage in Models A31 - A34 can be increased from
256K to 384K bytes.

•

Expanded Function Operator Panel (4545) - Provides programmer andoperator access to data in storage, program stop and restart capability,
and current operating indicators.

Chapter 6. Hardware Unit Capabilities

6-19

•

Keylock (4655) - Provides a three-position key-operated switch(optional on the 8140 A models and provided on the 8140 Band C
models). The switch positions are:Secure: Disables power-on and operator panel functions.
Power Only: Enables power-on but disables operator panel
function.
Enable: Enables power and operator panel functions.

•

Security Cover Locks (6555) - Provides locks for the front and rearcovers (optional on the 8140A and provided on the 8140B and C).

•

Security Lock, Diskette (6566) - Provides a lock for the diskette cover(optional on the 8140A and provided on the 8140B and C).

•

Loop Adapter (4830) - Provides for direct attachment of a single-lobe
loop at 9600 or 38,400 bps. One or two loop adapters can operate at
38,400 bps on an 8140.

•

Loop Adapter Second Lobe (4835) - Provides for attachment of a second
lobe to a directly attached loop at 9600 or 38,400 bps. Prerequisite:
4830.

8140A and B Hardware Communications Features

6-20

•

SDLC Communications with Business Machine Clock (1601)•

SDLC Communications without Business Machine Clock (1602)•

BSCjSS Communications with Business Machine Clock (1603)•

BSC Communications without Business Machine Clock (1604)•

Modem, Integrated, Nonswitched (5500)•

Digital Data Service Adapter (DDSA) (5660)•

EIA RS-232-CjCCITT V.24 Interface (3701)•

CCITT V.35 Interface (1550)•

Multispeed Clock (5200)•

Public Switched Network Adapter (PSNA) Manual•

X.21 Adapter for Switched Networks (5656) (8140 B model only)•

X.21 Adapter for Nonswitched Networks (5655)

8140B Features
Note: For features that have prerequisites and restrictions, see your IBM
marketing representative.

•

Feature Expansion Prerequisite (3901) - Required for first
Communications Attachment (1701) ports 5 through 8, Display and
Printer Attachment without Communications Attachment (1701), or
Magnetic Tape Attachment (4901) without Communications Attachment(1701).

•

Communications Attachment (1701) - Provides for the expansion ofcommunications capabilities to include ports 5 through 8 or 9 through
12. Additional special features for line control, communications
interface, and modems are required to complete each communications
port selected.

•

Magnetic Tape Attachment (4901) - Provides for attachment of up to
four 8809 Magnetic Tape Units, consisting of one 8809 Model1A plus
two Model2's and one Model 3.

•

Display and Printer Attachment (3220) - Provides for attachment of the3277 Display Station, 3287 Printer, and 3284, 3286, or 3288 Printer, 3732
Text Display, 3736 Printer, and 6580 Displaywriter in any combination
up to four. Can be expanded to a maximum of 24 devices with five
Display and Printer, Additional feature (1506).

•

Display and Printer, Additional (1506) - Provides for attachment ofadditional 3277 Display Stations, 3284, 3286, 3287, or 3288 Printers, 3732
Text Display, 3736 Printer, and 6580 Displaywriter in any combination
up to four.

•

Floating-Point Feature (3750) - Provides 30 floating-point instructions
and 32 floating-point registers. The instructions provide for loading,adding, subtracting, comparing, multiplying, dividing, storing, andcontrolling the sign of short (4-byte) and long (8-byte) operands.

8140C Communications Ports Features

Communications Ports Features are presented in sets which occupy
predefined communications ports: one of five sets can occupy ports 1
through 4, one of four sets can occupy ports 5 through 8, and one set canoccupy ports 9 and 10. A maximum of 10 ports can be occupied.
Note: For features that have prerequisites and restrictions, see your IBM
marketing representative.

One of the following features may occupy ports 1 through 4. One feature
may be selected:•

Communications Ports Feature 1610 - Provides for loop attachment inports 1 and 2, with the speed independently selectable by switch at 9600
bps or 38,400 bps. Port 2 can be a two-lobe loop (4835). Ports 3 and 4

Chapter 6. Hardware Unit Capabilities

6-21

provide an SDLCIEIA interface without clock to an external modem
with clock up to 9600 bps.
•

Communications Ports Feature 1611 - Provides for loop attachment inports 1, 2, and 3, with the speed independently selectable by switch at
9600 bps or 38,400 bps (only two of the three loops can be set at 38,400bps). Port 2 can be a two-lobe loop (4835). Port 4 provides an
SDLCjEIA interface without clock to an external modem with clock up
to 9600 bps.

•

Communications Ports Feature 1612 - Provides for loop attachment inports 1, 2, and 3, with the speed independently selectable by switch at
9600 bps or 38,400 bps. Port 2 can be a two-lobe loop (4835). Port 4
provides an X.21 switched interface without clock up to 48,000 bps.

•

Communications Ports Feature 1613 - Provides for loop attachment inports 1, 2, and 3, with the speed independently selectable by switch at
9600 bps or 38,400 bps. Port 2 can be a two-lobe loop (4835). Port 4
provides an X.21 nonswitched interface without clock up to 48,000 bps.

•

Communications Ports Feature 1614 - Provides for loop attachment inports 1, 2, and 3, with the speed independently selectable by switch at
9600 bps or 38,400 bps. Port 2 can be a two-lobe loop (4835). Port 4
provides a V.35 interface without clock to an external modem withclock up to 56,000 bps, or a direct-connect interface with clock(multispeed clock feature) or without clock at 56,000 bps.

One of the following Communications Ports Features may occupy ports 5
through 8. One feature may be selected:

6-22

•

Communications Ports Feature 1620 - Provides for loop attachment inport 7, operating at 9600 bps. Port 7 can be a two-lobe loop (4835).
Ports 5, 6, and 8 provide an SDLC/EIA interface without clock to an
external modem with clock up to 9600 bps.

•

Communications Ports Feature 1621 - Provides an SDLC/EIA interface
in ports 5 through 8. Ports 6, 7 and 8 provide an SDLC/EIA interface
without clock to an external modem with clock up to 9600 bps.
Additionally, port 5 provides a direct-connect interface with clock(multispeed clock feature) or without clock at 4800 bps.

•

Communications Ports Feature 1622 - Provides one SDLC interface inport 7 without clock to an external modem with clock up to 9600 bps.
Provides BSC Programmed Communications interfaces in ports 5, 6, and8 from 1200 to 9600 bps without clock or 600 and 1200 bps with clock to
an external modem. Additionally, port 5 provides a direct-connect
interface (up to 40 feet) with selectable clock options and speeds up to
9600 bps.

•

Communications Ports Feature 1623 - Provides two BSC Programmed
Communications interfaces in ports 5 and 6 from 1200 to 9600 bps
without clock or 600 to 1200 bps with clock to an external modem.
Prerequisite: 3901 (Feature Expansion).

The following feature occupies ports 9 and 10:•

Communications Ports Feature 1630 - Provides an SDLCjEIA interface
without clock to an external modem with clock to 9600 bps in ports 9
and 10.

8140C Features

Note: For features that have prerequisites and restrictions, see your IBM
marketing representative.
•

Feature Expansion (3901) - Required for Display and PrinterAttachment (3220) or Magnetic Tape Attachment (4901) without one of
the Communications Ports Features for ports 5 through 8 (1620, 1621,
1622, or 1623).

•

Magnetic Tape Attachment (4901) - Provides for attachment of up to
four 8809 Magnetic Tape Units, consisting of one 8809 Model1A plus
two Model 2s and one Model 3.

•

Display and Printer Attachment (3220) - Provides for attachment of
3277 Display Station, 3284, 3286, 3287, or 3288 Printers, 3732 Text
Display, 3736 Printer, and 6580 Displaywriter in any combination up t(
a maximum of four. Can be expanded to a maximum 24 devices withfive Display and Printer, Additional features (1506).

•

Display and Printer Additional (1506) - Provides for attachment ofadditional 3277 Display Stations, 3284, 3286, 3287, or 3288 Printers, 3732
Text Display, the 3736 Printer, and 6580 Displaywriter in any
combination up to four.

•

Floating-Point Feature (3750) - Provides 30 Floating-Point Instructions
and 32 floating-point registers. The instructions provide for loading,adding, subtracting, comparing, multiplying, dividing, storing, andcontrolling the sign of short (4-byte) and long (8-byte) operands.

IBM 8150 Processor
The 8150 is a multilevel, interrupt-driven processor designed to provide
higher performance and availability for the 8100 Information System. The
8150 is available in four A models and four B models. Model A processors
have one processing and control element (PCE) and one input/output bus;model B processors have two PCEs and two I/O buses.
Storage for the 8150 can be up to a maximum of 8192K bytes. Up to eight
8101 or 8102 Storage and I/O Units can be attached to the 8150. One 8101 or
8102 is required. Up to four 8809 Magnetic Tape Units can be attached to
an 8150 or to an attached 8101 or 8102.
The 8150 includes the following items:•

Concurrent (Dual Mode) processing with two PCEs (B model only)•

I/O devices attached to each PCE (B model only)
Chapter 6. Hardware Unit Capabilities

6-23

•

Processor storage•

Diskette storage•

System control•

Dynamic address translation, storage access protection, and separation
protection for 16M bytes of logical storage.

•

IBM Diskette 2D drive with up to 1 million bytes of removable diskettestorage. The 2D drive can use either the type 1 or 2D diskette.

•

Operator panel•

Eight priority levels•

8K bytes of read-only storage•

Maintenance device port•

Main storage error detection and error correction•

Hardware timer facility that includes remote power-on capability andbattery-backed timer.

8150 Features
Note: For features that have prerequisites and restrictions, see your IBM
marketing representative.

6-24

•

Communications Ports Feature 1711 - Provides for directly attachedloops with single lobes in ports 1 and 2, with choice of speed by switch
at 9600 or 38,400 bps.

•

Communications Ports Feature 1712 - Provides for directly attachedloops with single lobes in ports 3 and 4, with choice of speed by switch
at 9600 or 38,400 bps.

•

Communications Ports Feature 1716 - Provides for directly attachedloops with single lobes in ports 11 and 12 with clock speed selectable byswitch at 9600 or 38,400 bps for the 8150B. The switch must only be set
in the 9600 bps position for the 8150A.

•

Communications Ports Feature 1721 - Provides for directly attachedloops with double lobes in ports 1 and 2, with speed selectable by switch
at 9600 or 38,400 bps.

•

Communications Ports Feature 1726 - Provides for directly attachedloops with double lobes in ports 11 and 12, with clock speed selectableby switch at 9600 or 38,400 bps for the 8150B. The switch must only be
set in the 9600-bps position for the 8150A.

•

Communications Ports Feature 1732 - Provides for two SDLC EIA
RS-232-C/CCITT V.24/V.28 interfaces in ports 3 and 4. Both interfaces
are unclocked and attach to external modems with clock up to 9600 bps.

•

Communications Ports Feature 1733 - Provides for two SDLC EIA
RS-232-C/CCITT V.24/V.28 interfaces in ports 5 and 6. Port 6 isunclocked and attaches to an external modem with clock up to 9600 bps.
Port 5 provides the same interfaces as port 6; or direct connect without
clock up to 9600 bps; or with clock at 4800 bps or 9600 bps up to 40 feet.

•Communications Ports Feature 1734 - Provides for two SDLC EIA
RS-232-C/CCITT V.24/V.28 interfaces in ports 7 and 8. Pc;>rt 7 is
un clocked and attaches to an external modem with clock up to 9600 bps.
Port 8 provides the same interface as port 7 or direct connect without
clock up to 9600 bps, or with clock at 4800 bps, or 9600 bps up to 40 feet.

•Communications Ports Feature 1735 - Provides for two SDLC EIA
RS-232-C/CCITT V.24/V.28 interfaces in ports 9 and 10. Both interfaces
are unclocked and attach to external modems with clock up to 9600 bps.

•

Communications Ports Feature 1742 - Provides for two SDLC/CCITT
V.35 interfaces in ports 3 and 4. Port 3 is unclocked and attaches to an
external modem with clock up to 56,000 bps. Port 4 provides the sameinterface as port 3 or direct connect with or without clock at 56,000 bps
up to 1000 feet or up to a total cable length of 61 m (200 ft) to an IBM
3705 or 150 m (492 ft) to an IBM 3725.

•

Communications Ports Feature 1745 - Provides for two SDLC/CCITT
V.35 interfaces in ports 9 and 10. In the 8150A, neither interface has aclock and both attach to an external modem with clock having speeds
up to 9600 bps. In the 8150B, the port 10 interface does not have a clock
and attaches to an external modem with clock up to 56,000 bps. The port
9 interface is identical and has direct connect capability with orwithout clock at 56,000 bps up to 1000 feet or up to a total cable lengthof 61m (200 ft) to an IBM 3705 or 150 m (492 ft) to an IBM 3275.

•

Communications Ports Feature 1752 - Provides one SDLC/CCITT X.21
switched interface with auto answer and auto call in port 3 and one
SDLC/CCITT X.21 nons witched interface point-to-point or multipoint inport 4, without clock up to 48,000 bps via a Data-Circuit Terminating
Equipment (DCE) which complies with CCITT Recommendation X.21 as
explained in IBM SRL GA27-3287.

•

Communications Ports Feature 1755 - Provides one SDLC/CCITT X.21
switched interface with auto answer and auto call in port 10 and one
SDLC/CCITT X.21 nonswitched interface (point-to-point or multipoint)
in port 9, without clock having speeds up to 9600 bps in the 8150A and
48,000 bps in the 8150B via a DCE which complies with CCITT
Recommendation X.21 as explained in IBM SRL GA27-3287.

•

Communications Ports Feature 1763 - Provides two BSC EIA
RS-232-C/CCITT V.24/V.28 interfaces in ports 5 and 6. Port 6 provides
an BSC Programmed Communications Feature from 1200 to 9600 bps
without clock or 600 and 1200 bps with clock to external DCE

Chapter 6. Hardware Unit Capabilities

6-25

point-to-point nonswitched 2- or 4-wire or multipoint nonswitched
4-wire. Port 5 provides the same interface as port 6 or direct connect up
to 40 feet.
•Communications Ports Feature 1764 - Provides two BSC EIA
RS-232"C/CCITT V.24/V.28 interfaces in ports 7 and 8. Port 7 provides a
BSC Programmed Communications. Feature from 1200 to 9600 bps
without clock or 600 and 1200 bps with clock to external DCE
point-to-point nonswitched 2- or 4-wire or multipoint nonswitched
4-wire. Port 8 provides the same interface as port 7 or direct connect up
to 40 feet.

•

Floating Point (3750)•

Feature Expansion, Prerequisite for ports 7-12 (3901)•

Multi-Speed Clock Feature (5200)•

Master Clock Synchrenization (MCS) Interface (5210) - Provides aStart-Stop EIA RS-232-C/CCITT V.24/V.28 serial interface for attachinga customer-supplied external digital clock.

8150 Communications Specify Codes

6-26

•

E/ME/A Modem Cabling Germany (2712)•

E/ME/A Cabling U.K. (2724)•

Direct Connect with clock at 56,000 bps, port 4, with Feature Code 1742
(9682)•

Direct Connect without clock, port 4, with Feature Code 1742 (9683)•

Modem Connect, port 4, with Feature Code 1742 (9684)•

Direct Connect with clock at 4800 bps, port 5, with Feature Code 1733
(9686)•

Direct Connect with clock at 9600 bps, port 5, with Feature Code 1733
(9687)•

Direct Connect without clock, port 5, with Feature Code 1733 (9688)•

Modem Connect, port 5, with Feature Code 1733 (9689)•

Direct Connect BSC, port 5, with Feature Code 1763 (9690)•

Direct Connect BSC, port 8, with Feature Code 1746 (9680)•

Direct Connect with clock at 56,000 bps, 8150B port 9, with Feature
Code 1745 (9692)•

Direct Connect without clock, port 9, with Feature Code 1745 (9693)

•

Modem Connect, port 9, with Feature Code 1745 (9694)•

Direct Connect with clock at 4800 bps, port 8, with Feature Code 1734
(9696)•

Direct Connect with clock at 9600 bps, port 8, with Feature Code 1734
(9697)•

Direct Connect without clock, port 8, with Feature Code 1734 (9698)•

Modem Connect, port 8, with Feature Code 1734 (9699)•

Port 3 Link Problem Determination Aid (LPDA) (9803)• Port 4 LPDA (9804)• Port 5 LPDA (9805)• Port 6 LPDA (9806)• Port 7 LPDA (9607)• Port 8 LPDA (9808)• Port 9 LPDA (8801)• Port 10 LPDA (8802)
8150 Accessory•

Mercury Battery - Provides power to the timer facility while utility
power is off or while the 8150 emergency power switch is in the
power-off position.

IBM 8101 and 8102 Storage and Input/Output Units
The IBM 8101 Storage and Input/Output Unit provides disk storage,
diskette storage, communications, device attachment capabilities, andstorage and I/O switching for the 8100 Information System.
The IBM 8102 Storage and Input/Output Unit provides disk storage, storage
and I/O unit switching, and Display and Printer Attachment capabilities forthe 8100 Information system.
The 8101s and 8102s attach to the 8100 Information System via any 8100
processor. The 8150 Processor must have an 8101 or 8102 attached to it but
there is no such requirement for 8130 or 8140 processors.
There are six 8101 models and two 8102 models. They extend thedata-handling capability of the 8100 Information System by allowing
customers to attach a wide variety of I/O devices -- displays, printers,
controllers, and data collection units -- to the system. The devices may be

Chapter 6. Hardware Unit Capabilities

6-27

attached directly to the 8101 or 8102 or through attached loops or via
communications facilities to the 8101. The 8101 has a maximum of eight
ports through which communications capabilities may be attached to I/O
devices. Devices (described in Chapter 10) may be attached to the loop
facilities described in this chapter.

8101 Models AlO, All, and A13 Features
Note: For features that have prerequisites and restrictions, see your IBM
marketing representative.

•

Display and Printer Attachment Type I (1501-All and A13 or 9941-A10)
or Type II (1502) - Provides for the attachment of feature codes 1505
and 1506.

•

Display and Printer Adapter (1505) - Provides attachment capability inany combination up to a maximum of four of the following devices:
3277 Display Station, Models 1, 23732 Text Display Station
6580 Displaywriter System
3787 Printer, Models 1, 23284 Printer
3286 Printer3288 Line Printer3736 Printer•Communications Attachment Type I (1503-All and A13 or 9943-AIO) or
Type II (1504) - Provides for attachment of loops and communications
facilities up to a maximum of four.

•Diskette Drive and Magnetic Tape Attachment (1507) (part of the base8101 Model A10) - Provides the capability to attach features 4520 and
4521.

8101 Models A20, A23, and A25 Features
Note: For features that have prerequisites and restrictions, see your IBM
marketing representative.

6-28

•

Feature Expansion Prerequisite (3901) - Required for first
Communications Attachment Type I (1701 or 1702) ports 1 through 4 or
Display and Printer Attachment (3220) without Communications
Attachment Type I (1701).

•

BSC Programmed Communications Feature (1605) - Provides control
for BSC and direct-connect interfaces. User-parameter selection of
speeds up to 9600 bps and clocking options are supported.

•

Diskette Drive and Magnetic Tape Attachment (1507) (part of the base8101 Model A20) ~ Provides the capability to attach features 4520 and
4521.

•

Communications Attachment Type I or Type II (1701) - Provides for
attachment of four loops and/or communications ports. Type I (1701)
provides for ports 1 through 4; Type II (1701) provides for ports 5
through 8. Additional special features for line control, communications
interface, and modems are required to complete each communications
port selected.

•

Communications Attachment Type I (1702) - Provides the capability for
attaching four loops and/or communications ports for ports 1 through 4.
Additional special features for line control, communications interface,and modems are required to complete each communications port
selected.

•

Display and Printer Attachment (3220) - Provides for the attachment of
the IBM 3277 Display Station, the IBM 3732 Text Display Station, theIBM 3287 Printer, the 3284, 3286, 3288, 3736 Printers, and the 6580
Displaywriter in any combination up to four. This feature can be
expanded to a maximum of 24 devices with Display and PrinterAttachment (1506).

•

Storage and I/O Unit Switch Feature (4525) - Provides the 8101 withthe capability of switching processor access between one of two 8130s,
8140s, or 8150s or between the two PCEs of the 8150B.

8101 Additional Features
Note: For features that have prerequisites and restrictions, see your IBM
marketing representative.

•

Display and Printer, Additional (1506) - Provides for attachment ofadditional IBM 3277 Display Stations, IBM 3732 Text Display Stations,
IBM 3287 Printers, the 3284, 3286, 3288, 3736 Printers, and 6580
Displaywriters in any combination up to four.

•Diskette 2D Drive (4520) - Provides 1 million bytes of removablediskette storage. (Not available on Model A25.)•

Magnetic Tape Attachment (4521) - Provides for attachment of up to
four 8809 Magnetic Tape Units.

•

Loop Adapter (4830) - Provides for direct attachment of a single-lobe
loop at 9600 or 38,400 bps.

•

Loop Adapter Second Lobe (4835) - Provides for attachment of a second
lobe to a directly attached loop at 9600 or 38,400 bps.

•

Security Cover Locks (6555) (Optional feature for Models A10, All, A13;
basic feature of Models A20, A23, A25.) - Provides locks for the front
and rear covers.

•

Security Lock, Diskette (6566) (Optional feature for Models A10, All,
A13; basic feature of Models A20, A23, A25.) - Provides a lock for thediskette cover.

Chapter 6. Hardware Unit Capabilities

6-29

8101 Hardware Communications Features•

SDLC Communications with Business Machine Clock (1601)•

SDLC Communications without Business Machine Clock (1602)•

BSCjSS Communications with Business Machine Clock (1603)•

BSC Communications without Business Machine Clock (1604)•

Modem, Integrated, Nonswitched (5500)•

Modem, Integrated, Switched (5501)•

Digital Data Service Adapter (DDSA) (5660)•

EIA RS-232-CjCCITT V.24jV.28 Interface (3701)•

CCITT V.35 Interface (1550)•

Multispeed clock (5200)•

Public Switched Network Adapter (PSNA) Manual•

X.21 Adapter for Nonswitched Networks (5655)•

X.21 Adapter for Switched Networks (5656)

8102 Model AI5 and AI7 Features
Note: For features that have prerequisites and restrictions, see your IBM
marketing representative.

6-30

•

Display and Printer Attachment (3220) - Provides for attachment of
IBM 3277 Display Station and the IBM 3284, 3286, 3287, and 3288
Printers in any combination up to four. This feature can be expanded toa maximum 24 devices with Display and Printer Attachment (1506).

•

Display and Printer Additional (1506) - Provides for attachment ofadditional IBM 3277 Display Stations and IBM 3284, 3286, 3287, and
3288 Printers in any combination up to four.

•

Magnetic Tape Attachment (4521) - Provides for attachment of up to
four 8809 Magnetic Tape Units.

•

Storage and I/O Unit Switch Feature (4525) Provides the 8102 withthe capability of switching processor access between one of two 8130s,
8140s, or 8150s or between the two PCEs of an 8150B.

Related Hardware Manuals
For more information about the 8130 Processor, see IBM 8100 Information
System: 8130 Processor Description, GA27-3196.
For more information about the 8140 Processor, see IBM 8100 Information
System: 8140 Processor Description, GA27-2880.
For more information about the 8150 Processor, see IBM 8100 Information
System: 8150 Processor Description, GA23-0122.
For more information about the 8101 and 8102 Storage and I/O Units, see
IBM 8100 Information System: 8101/8102 Storage and Input/Output Unit
Description, GA27-2882.

Chapter 6. Hardware Unit Capabilities

6-31

Chapter 7. Processor Characteristics
This chapter describes the functional characteristics and features of the
IBM 8100 Information System processors. The chapter includes details of
the register storage organization, storage control, PCE control, I/O
operations, general registers, floating-point registers, and other resources of
the 8130, 8140, and 8150 processors.
For a detailed explanation of the characteristics of the 8100 System's
processors, see IBM 8100 Information System: Principles of Operation,
GA23-0031.

Processing and Control Element (PCE)The Processing and Control Element (PCE) is the part of the processor that
contains the sequencing and processing controls for instruction execution,interrupt control, dynamic address transformation, and other control andprocessing functions. All 8100 processors have one PCE except for the
8140C and 8150B processors.
8140 C models have two PCEs (PCE 0 and PCE 1), and an Interrupt Control
Element (ICE) to provide communication and control between the two
PCEs. PCE 0 in the 8140 C models performs the same functions as the PCE
in models of processors with a single PCE. PCE 1 is restricted since it does
not directly attach channel logic circuitry, the System Control Facility(SCF), or the SCF signal bus.
The 8140C can operate with a single PCE in Single Mode (SM). Its normal
mode of operation, with both PCEs operating, is called Dual Mode (DM).
8150 B models also have two PCEs (PCE 0 and PCE 1), an ICE, up to 8M
bytes of shared storage, a duplex SCF, and two I/O channels. One I/Ochannel is attached to each PCE.
The 8150B can operate with a single PCE (Single Mode). Its normal modeof operation is Dual Mode, with both PCEs executing instructions.
The 8150B contains a number of duplex elements. When one element fails,
the 8150B may be run with the other element in a reduced configuration.
Possible 8150B configurations include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Dual Mode with both PCEs and full main storage
Reduced Dual Mode with both PCEs and half the main storage
Single Mode with PCE 0 and full main storage
Single Mode with PCE 1 and full main storage
Reduced Single Mode with PCE 0 and half the main storage
Reduced Single Mode with PCE 1 and half the main storage

Chapter 7. Processor Characteristics

7-1

Data Units
The basic unit of information is the 8-bit byte with parity. Bytes may be
handled separately or grouped into fields. A halfword is two consecutive
bytes; a word is four consecutive bytes; a doubleword is eight consecutive
bytes. Register operands may be a byte, a halfword, or a word long.
Variable-length operands of MOVE (halfwords, storage) or COMPARE
LOGICAL (halfwords, storage) instructions may be 256 halfwords (512bytes) long. Variable-length operands of MOVE (bytes, storage) or
COMPARE LOGICAL (bytes, storage) instructions may be 256 bytes long.
Floating-point operands are a word or a doubleword long and are located ina floating-point register or in main storage.

Data Types
General instructions perform operations with three types of data:•

Signed fixed-point numbers•

Unsigned fixed-point numbers•

Unstructured logical quantities

Additional general instructions control instruction sequencing.
Floating-point instructions operate on floating-point data. PCE control
information is manipulated with a set of PCE control instructions.

Processor Resources
This section describes the processor resources that are available to a
program.

General Registers
General registers are 32 bits long and organized in register sets. A register
set consists of eight general registers. Each program is assigned two sets ofgeneral registers -- the primary register set and the secondary register set.
These registers can be used for addressing, indexing, accumulating, andstoring temporary operands. In the 8140C and the 8150B, each PCE
contains its own separate register storage.

7-2

Operands in general registers may be a byte, a halfword, or a word in
length. One general register may hold multiple operands, each of which
may be processed independently. The three possible allocations of operands
in a general register are as follows:~t-------------- 32 B i t s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - I - I

1-01

I

I

Word

r. .

- - - - - - 1 6 B i t s - - - - - _......
, ~_-----16 Bits-------i~~1

I.

Halfword""'1~t-------16 Bits

I

I------t-

H.If~",I

I

Halfword

8 Bits

8 Bits

BY"

By~

i
I

Floating-Point Registers (8140 and 8150)
Eight sets of floating-point registers are provided for floating-point
operations. A floating-point register is 64 bits long, with four floating-point
registers in each set. One set of floating-point registers can be assigned toa program. Floating-point operands may be either short format (32 bits) or
long format (64 bits). When floating-point operands are 32 bits long, therightmost 32 bits in a floating-point register are unused.

Processor (Main) Storage
Main storage provides the 8100 Information System processor withhigh-speed, directly accessible data storage. Data and programs must be
loaded into main storage from input devices before they can be processed.
Main storage is available in a variety of sizes, ranging from a minimum of
256K bytes on an 8130A to a maximum of 8192K bytes on an 8150B. Mainstorage availability for the individual processor models is described in
Chapter 6, "Unit Configurations".
For the 8140C and the 8150B, main storage is shared by both PCEs. Memory
contention interlock logic is provided to decide which PCE will be given
the access to main storage when simultaneous access requests are made.
Memory contention is reduced in the 8150B by interleaving main storage
between even and odd storage banks.
Byte locations in storage are numbered consecutively left to right, startingwith 0; each number is considered to be the address of the corresponding
byte. A group of bytes in storage is addressed by the leftmost byte of the

Chapter 7. Processor Characteristics

7-3

group. The number of bytes in the group is either implied or explicitly
stated for the operation being performed.

Integral Boundaries
Certain units of data must be located in main storage on an integral
boundary. An integral boundary means that a unit of data is located at astorage address that is a multiple of its size. For example, a halfword is on
an integral boundary when it is located at a storage address that is amultiple of 2, and a word of data is on an integral boundary when it islocated at a storage address that is a multiple of 4.
Floating-point storage operands may be a word or a doubleword. Bothoperand lengths are required to be on a word boundary.
Instructions must appear on halfword integral boundaries. Halfword andword storage operands must appear on integral boundaries. The low-order
bits of addresses designating instructions or data operands that are
required to be on integral boundaries are ignored and are assumed to be
zero.

Addressing Main Storage
Storage addresses are linear from address 0 to the maximum byte address of
the installed storage. If the maximum byte address of the installed storageis exceeded while referencing main storage, a program exception condition
is detected by the PCE, and the operation is suppressed.
The PCE accesses main storage using real addresses. A real address is
considered to be the byte address of a physical main storage location. A
real address is only associated with one main storage location.
An address used by a program or by the channel during an I/O operation isa logical address. Logical addresses are not used to access main storage
directly; a logical address identifies a byte location within a logical address
space. Storage addressing is not permitted to wrap from the maximum
address to address O. Programs and channel I/O operations are assigned alogical address space by the supervisor program. The PCE automaticallyrelocates the logical addresses issued by a program or during a channel I/O
operation into the PCE address space. Logical addresses are relocated by
the dynamic address relocation mechanism. The relocated address may be
used to access main storage, or it may require translation by the dynamic
address translation mechanism before main storage can be accessed.
Dynamic address relocation and dynamic address translation are describedlater in this chapter under "Storage Control".

7-4

Instruction Set
An instruction is one or two halfwords long. Each instruction is in one ofeight basic formats. The halfword instruction formats are: register-register(RR), register-immediate (RI), register-storage (RS), jump (J), andfloating-point register-register (FF). The word instruction formats are:register-register long (RR-Long), register-storage long (RS-Long), andfloating-point register-storage (FS). The format names express, in generalterms, the specification of operands.

Operands
Operands can be grouped into three classes: operands located in registers,
immediate operands, and operands in main storage. Operands may be either
explicitly or implicitly designated.
Register operands may be located in either general registers or
floating-point registers, with the type of register identified by the operation
code of the instruction that processes the operand. The register containing
the operand is specified in a four-bit field in the instruction, called the R
field in the general instruction set, and a two-bit field, called the F field in
the floating-point instruction set. Some general instructions specify theregister implicitly. The location of the register operand is implied by theoperation code.
Immediate operands are contained within the instruction. The fieldcontaining the immediate operand is called the I field.
Operands in main storage may have either an implied length or a length
specified by the contents of a general register. The addresses of operands inmain storage are specified using the contents of a general register, or thevalue of the instruction address, as part of the address. The address used torefer to main storage is contained in a general register designated by the R
field in the instruction or is calculated from a base and displacement,
designated by the B field and the D field, respectively, in the instruction.
This addressing format permits the following flexibility in program design:•

Complete address specification using an abbreviated notation•

Address manipulation using instructions that use general registers for
operands•

Change of addresses through programming without altering the
instruction stream•

Operation independent of the location of data areas by directly using
addresses received from other programs

For describing instruction execution, operands are designated as first andsecond operands and, in some cases, as third operands. Usually, two
operands participate in instruction execution, and the result replaces thefirst operand. An exception is found in store-type instructions, where theresult replaces the second operand. Except for storing the final result, andfor instructions that include address modification as part of the operation,
Chapter 7. Processor Characteristics

7-5

the contents of all registers or storage locations participating in theaddressing or execution part of an operation are normally unchanged.
Instruction Summary
This section provides an overview of the capabilities of the 8100
Information System instruction set. These descriptions are grouped by thetypes of operations performed by the peE when the instructions are
executed.

Arithmetic Operations: Arithmetic operations are provided for addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division, and comparison of fixed-point binary
numbers. Positive numbers are represented in true binary notation.
Negative numbers are represented in 2's-complement notation. Byte andhalfword formats are provided for fixed-point numbers. Addition,
subtraction, and comparison can also be performed on numbers represented
in multiple bytes or halfwords.
Arithmetic operations are provided in the register-register instruction
format. Addition and subtraction are also provided in theregister-immediate format. For operands located in the high-order halfwordof any general register, addition, subtraction, and comparison are also
provided.

LogicalOperations: Instructions are provided for AND, OR, andexclusive OR operations on byte and halfword operands. These operations
are provided in the register-register instruction format. Logical operations
on byte operands are also provided in the register-immediate instruction
format. Included in this last group is a logical test operation that uses theimmediate field as a mask. The mask is used to select one or more bits of abyte operand for testing.
Shift and Rotate Operations: Instructions are provided that shift (left) or
rotate (left) the bits within a byte or halfword operand. An immediate field
specifies a maximum shift or rotate of 7 bit positions for a byte operand and15 bit positions for a halfword operand. All bits of the operand participate
in the operation. The byte operand may be located in either register set.
Variable-Length Field Operations: Move and logical comparison
operations are provided that operate on variable-length fields in mainstorage. Depending on the instruction, the operand fields may contain amaximum of either 256 bytes or halfwords. The instructions require thespecification of three registers. Two of the registers contain the storage
address of the operand fields; the third provides an eight-bit count.
Load and Store Operations: Load and store operations are provided totransfer data between main storage and general registers. For theregister-register format instructions, the storage address is specified by thecontents of a general register. The register-storage format instructions
permit the specification of the storage-operand address with a base address
and a displacement. The base address can be designated as the contents ofa general register or as the value of the instruction address. For both
instruction formats, the operand size may be a byte or halfword; word
operands may also be designated with the register-storage format.

7-6

The capability is provided to load or store a group of eight halfword
operands, collectively called a quadrant. Either general register set may be
specified, and the operands may be designated as either the high-order or
low-order halfword of the eight registers.
Certain operations in the register-register instruction format provide
additional function to post-increment or pre-decrement the storage address.
For the transfer of a quadrant, the storage address is incremented by 16.

Load Register Operations: Operations in the register-register instruction
format transfer a byte or halfword from one general register location toanother. The byte or halfword may be located in any operand position of
any general register. In addition, an operation in the register-immediate
instruction format allows a byte of immediate data to be loaded into a
register.
An operation loads a storage address. This operation adds the displacement
field to a base address and places the result in a general register.

Branching Operations: The normal sequential execution of, instructions
may be changed using branching operations to perform subroutine linkage
and decision making. These operations permit the introduction of a new
instruction address. The new address either is contained in a generalregister or is calculated from a base address and a displacement. The
contents of a general register or the value of the instruction address may be
used as the base address.
Subroutine linkage is provided by instructions that introduce a new
instruction address and preserve the next-sequential-instruction address.
Decision making has conditional branching operations. These operations
inspect condition indicators that reflect the results of arithmetic, logical,
and I/O operations.
Other specialized branching operations are provided for counting andtesting, bit testing, and noway branching, where n is a value up to 256.

Input/Output Operations: Three I/O instructions transfer a byte or ahalfword of data between the processor and an I/O device. The
INPUT/OUTPUT (byte) and the INPUT/OUTPUT (byte, immediate)
instructions transfer one byte of data during their execution. The
INPUT/OUTPUT (halfword) instruction transfers two bytes during its
execution. These I/O instructions transfer data to or from a generalregister in the processor; they do not transfer data to or from main storage.
Channel I/O operations transfer data between main storage and a device.
I/O instructions are used to prepare the devices for the channel I/Osequence and to initiate the operation.
I/O instructions can only be executed by programs executing in the I/O,
supervisor, and master modes. A program exception is detected by theprocessor when a program executing in application mode attempts to
execute an I/O instruction.

Chapter 7. Processor Characteristics

7-7

I/O instructions and channel I/O operations are described later in thischapter under "I/O Operations".

PCE-ControIOperations: PCE-control instructions permit a program toinspect and change PCE-control information that reflects operational statusof the PCE. The execution of most PCE-control instructions is limited toprograms executing in supervisor or master mode. A program exception isdetected by the PCE when programs executing in application or I/O mode
try to execute these instructions.
Floating Point Operations: For the 8140C and the 8150B models, theFloating Point feature is available with only PCE O.

Data Integrity and Security
Data integrity and security is maintained through the following processor
facilities:•

Error checking is done on data and control paths to and from registerstorage, main storage, and I/O devices.

•

Application programs may not execute supervisor privileged
instructions.

•

Logical address space isolation is provided by the dynamic address
relocation mechanism.

•

Access protection is provided for each 2K-byte block of PCE address
space by the dynamic address translation mechanism.

•

Separation protection is provided on the 8150 for each 2K-byte block of
PCE address space by the dynamic address translation mechanism.

•

Execution of I/O instructions is limited to programs executing in I/O,
supervisor, or master mode.

Program Definition
A program is defined to the PCE in terms of its logical address space and its
operational status. For the 8140C and the 8150B models, program execution
can take place concurrently in each PCE. A pair of control vectors is
associated with the definition of each program. The address control vector(ACV) defines the size and iocation of the program's logical address space.
The ACV also contains a translation control bit that determines if thelogical address must be translated by the dynamic address translation
mechanism. The program status vector (PSV) records the status of the
program's execution and provides information with which the PCE controls
program execution. Two PSV/ACV pairs are provided for each priority
level: a primary PSV/ACV pair and a secondary PSV/ACV pair. The PCE
uses control information, called the program activation vector, to determinewhich PSV / ACV pair should be given control on each priority level.
PSV/ACV pairs are stored in fixed locations in register storage. Eachpriority level is assigned a unique location for its primary and secondary
PSV/ACV pair. The register storage location of the PSV/ACV pair that
describes a program determines the priority level of that program's
execution.
PCEs that implement floating-point operations provide an additional
control vector for program control on each priority level. This control
information is called the floating-point status vector (FSV). The FSV
contains control information relative to the execution of floating-point
instructions. The FSV for a specific priority level is activated by the PCE
when a program is dispatched on that level. One FSV is provided for eachpriority level; it is shared by the programs defined by the primary andsecondary PSV/ACV pairs for that priority level.
A program is dispatched when its PSV/ACV pair is activated by the PCE.
The priority level to be given control and the determination of which
PSV/ACV pair is to be activated determine the fixed register storage
location from which the PSV/ACV pair is activated. Program execution
does not modify the active ACV. The PSV, however, provides the
instruction address and condition indicators that record the program
execution. When control is given to a new priority level or to the opposite
PSV/ACV pair on the current level, the PCE stores the current PSV in its
fixed location in register storage before activating the new PSV/ACV pair.
Saving the PSV information permits the interrupted program's execution to
be resumed later. Since the ACV is not modified during program execution,
it is not stored when control is exchanged with a new PSV/ACV pair.

Address Control Vector
The address control vector (ACV) describes a logical address space assigned
to a program or channel I/O operation. An ACV is paired with each PSV
and channel pointer to define their logical address spaces when they are
activated. ACVs are stored in fixed locations in register storage.
The ACV also defines what types of addresses are used by the program orchannel I/O operation to access main storage. The addresses used by the
program or channel I/O operation are called logical addresses. All logicaladdresses are relocated into the PCE address space by the dynamic address
relocation mechanism. The ACV defines whether the relocated addresses
are to be used to access main storage or whether the relocated addresses
must be translated by the dynamic address translation mechanism to accessmain storage. The dynamic address relocation mechanism and the dynamic
address translation mechanism are described later in this chapter under"Storage Control". Channel I/O operations and channel pointers aredescribed later in this chapter under "I/O Operations".

Chapter 7. Processor Characteristics

7-9

Program Status Vector
The program status vector (PSV) contains information required for proper
program execution. The PSV includes the instruction address, the program
mode, condition indicators, register set numbers, and other control fields.
The instruction address contains the logical address of the next instruction
to be executed. The instruction address controls instruction sequencing in
the execution of the program.
The program mode defines the instruction execution privilege assigned forthe program. Four program modes are defined: master mode, supervisor
mode, I/O mode, and application mode. The program modes can besummarized as follows:•

Master Mode: All instructions are valid. In addition, all store andexecute references to main storage are allowed because the access codesin the translation-table entries are ignored (except for the block-invalidbit). An access exception is recognized, regardless of the program mode,
when an attempt is made to use an invalid table entry for translation.
Access codes are described in this chapter under "Storage AccessProtection" .

•Supervisor Mode: All instructions are valid.

•

I/O Mode: Only those instructions are valid that cannot be used toaffect system integrity. Supervisor-privileged instructions are not valid
in I/O mode; they include those instructions that change the system
control fields in the PSV and in control vectors, those that changesystem control fields in the floating-point status vector, those thatchange or inspect the contents of the translation table and translation
lock table, and those with the capability to change or inspect thecontents of any register set.

•

Application Mode: Only those instructions are valid that do not affectsystem integrity and that do not pertain to I/O functions.
Supervisor-privileged instructions and I/O-privilege instructions are notvalid.in application mode.

Four condition indicators reflect the results of arithmetic, logical, and I/O
operations. These operations can indicate the existence of one or more offive possible conditions by setting the appropriate values in the conditionindicators. The specific meaning of any condition depends on the operationthat sets the indicators. All operations that set the condition indicatorsplace new values in all four indicators. Once set, the condition indicators
remain unchanged until modified by an instruction that causes new
conditions to be indicated.
The register set numbers record the primary and secondary register set
assignment for each program. Each program is assigned two sets of eight
32-bit general registers. These registers can be used for temporary operandstorage, address specification, and as accumulators.

7-10

Floating-Point Status Vector (8140 and 8150)
The floating-point status vector (FSV) contains information used to control
floating-point operations. The floating-point register set assignment, theprecision of floating-point operations, and control information forprocessing floating-point program exceptions are contained in the FSV.
The FSV also records floating-point exceptions or equipment checks
detected during floating-point operations.
The register set assignment contains the number of the floating-point
register set assigned to the program associated with this FSV. Each
program can be assigned one set of four 64-bit floating-point registers.
The precision of floating-point operations is controlled with a I-bit field in
the FSV. When short-precision is specified, floating-point operands are 32
bits long. When long-precision is specified, floating-point operands are 64
bits long. For operations on shqrt-precision operands, the low-order 32 bitsof floating-point register operands are ignored.
Certain floating-point exceptions can be masked to be detected or to beignored. The exception mask field permits the following exceptions to bemasked: Significance, Exponent Overflow, and Exponent Underflow. Whenthe mask bit is 0, an exception condition results in a program exception
interruption sequence. When the mask bit is 1, no program interruption
occurs when an exception condition is detected.
The equipment check bit is set when a data or control error is detectedduring floating-point operations. The remaining field in the FSV records
program exception conditions associated with the floating-point operations.

Register Storage Organization
Register storage is organized into 64 principal register sets and 64 adjunctregister sets. A register set contains eight registers. In the 8140C and
8150B, each PCE contains its own separate register storage.
Eight sets of floating-point registers are provided for PCEs that implement
floating-point operations. Floating-point registers are physically separate
from adjunct and principal register storage. One floating-point register set
contains four floating-point registers.

Principal Register Sets
The registers in the principal register sets are 32 bits long. The principal
register sets are divided into four categories and contain the following:•

Four sets are provided as save areas for primary and secondary program
status vectors (PSVs).

•

Eight sets are provided for channel pointers.

•

Forty-eight sets are assignable to programs as general registers.

•

Four sets are reserved (see Figure 7-1).

Chapter 7. Processor Characteristics

7-11

Set

.

o

Primary.,-".,-.

Program Status Vectors
2

Reserved
3

Secondary4

Program Status V~tors

5
6

Reserved
7

1

8

.,.,.

T
-I,.

Channel POinters~---------I115~m.'"

R••"" Sou

T________~T
Figure 7-1.

I.
63

Principal Register Sets

The PSV save areas are used for saving active PSVs and introducing new
PSVs.
The channel pointers contain the logical addresses of the next datatransfer, to or from main storage, during channel I/O operations. Channel
pointers and channel I/O operations are described later in this chapter
under "I/O Operations".
The remaining register sets contain general register sets that arl'l assignable
to programs. Figure 7-1 shows the organization of the principal register
sets.

Adjunct Register Sets
The adjunct registers are 16 bits long. Adjunct register sets 0 -1, 4 - 5, and
8 -15 contain the ACVs. In the 8150, sets 0 -1 also contain Exception Block
Index (EBI) for primary mode PSVs levels 1-7 and EBI registers forsecondary mode PSVs levels 0~7. An ACV is paired with each PSV andchannel pointer to define the logical address space assigned to a PSV andto a channel pointer. Adjunct register sets 2-3, 6-7,18-19,22-23, and
32-63 are reserved, and, except for the 8130B and 8150, sets 16-17, 20-21,
and 24 - 31 are also reserved.
16 - 17 contain protection keys for primary mode PSVs levels 0 - 7.
20 - 21 contain protection keys for secondary mode PSVs levels 0 -7.
24 - 27 contain protection keys for channel pointers 32 - 63.
28 - 31 contain protection keys for channel pointers 0 - 31.
Figure 7-2 shows the relationship between principal and adjunct register
sets.

7-12

Set

o
1

2

-

3

Adjunct Regilter Group

Principal Register Group

ACVs/EBls
Levels 0-3
ACVs/EBls
Levels 4-7

Primary PSVs
Levels 0 3
Primary PSVs
Levels 4 7

ReservedI--

ACVs/EBls
Levels 0-3
ACVs/EBls
levels 4-7

4

5
6

r-

Reserved

7

8

-

-

• r
...
•
•
11

ACV.
ChannelPointers
32-63

Reserved

Set

o

3

Secondary PSVs
Levels 0-3
Secondary PSVslevels 4 7-- .... ...

---Reserved

4

5

-

6
7

8

ChannelPOinters
32-63- ... •

- ••
11

12

•
•
•

2

-

ACVs
ChannelPointers
0-31

12ChannelPointers
0-31

•
•
•

15

15

16

16

.17

Protection Keys Primary Levels 4-7

18
Reserved

19

20

Protection Keys Secondary Levels 0-3

21

Protection Keys Secondary Levels 4-7

22
Reserved

23
24

•
•
•
27
28

•
•
•

Protection Keys
ChannelPointers
32-63

GeneralRegister
Sets
16-63

•
•
•

Protection Keys
ChannelPointers
0-31

31
32

•

Reserved

63

Figure 7-2. Relationship of Principal and Adjunct Register Sets

Chapter 7. Processor Characteristics

7-13

Exception Block Index (EBI) Registers
EBI registers are provided in the 8130B and the 8150. When an access or
separation exception is detected, the corresponding translation-table index,
or EBI, is stored in the EBI register associated with the active PSV.

Floating-Point Register Sets (8140 and 8150)
A floating-point register is 64 bits long. Floating-point operands may be 32
or 64 bits long, depending on the setting of the precision bit in the FSV.
The FSV identifies which of the eight sets of floating-point registers is
assigned to a program. The contents of floating-point registers can beinspected and modified using floating-point instructions; instructions thataccess the principal and adjunct registers cannot access floating-point
registers.

Storage Control
This section describes how programs, using logical addresses, access mainstorage. Program addresses, or logical addresses, are not used to directly
access main storage. The PCE relocates all logical addresses into the PCE
address space with the dynamic address relocation mechanism. The
relocated address may be translated with the dynamic address translation
mechanism before main storage is accessed. Both the dynamic address
relocation mechanism and the dynamic address translation mechanism aredescribed in this section.
The dynamic address relocation mechanism provides storage protection as
logical address space isolation. The limits of each logical address space aredefined by an ACV. The dynamic address relocation mechanism ensuresthat the limits of each logical address space are not exceeded by storage
access requests from the program or channel I/O operation with which thelogical address space is associated. If an attempt is made to access astorage location associated with a logical address greater than the limit of
the logical address space, a program exception occurs.
The dynamic address translation mechanism translates relocated addresses
into main storage addresses (real addresses) using a translation table. The
translation is performed on a 2K-byte block basis whereby contiguous
blocks within a relocated logical address space are remapped to 2K-byte
blocks of main storage that are not required to be contiguous.
The dynamic address translation mechanism provides protection within alogical address space against improper storage access. An access control
field in each entry of the translation table defines how the corresponding
main storage block can be accessed. Additionally, the 8150 provides
separation protection by means of protection keys and translation locks.
This capability allows multiple programs and/or channel I/O operations toshare the same logical address space in such a way that individual blocks
within the logical address space may be shared between users or uniquely
assigned.

7-14

Dynamic address translation may be made either active or inactive by asupervisory program transparent to application programs. When active,
address translation, storage access protection, and separation protection (ifavailable) all apply. When dynamic address translation is inactive, none ofthe dynamic address translation functions apply, and relocated addresses
are used directly to access main storage.

Logical Addresses
The 8100 programs and data areas used during channel I/O operations(CHIO) are defined within a logical address space. The size of the programor the length of the CHIO data area determines the extent of the logicaladdress space. The address of a byte location in a logical address space is alogical address. Within a logical address space, logical addresses arecontiguous from 0 to the address that expresses the maximum extent of thelogical address space. An ACV i.s associated with each program and CHIO
operation. The address-limit field of the ACV defines the size of the logicaladdress space to the PCE.

Dynamic Address Relocation
All logical addresses are relocated in the PCE address space by the dynamic
address relocation mechanism. The address-base field of the ACV defines
where, in the PCE address space, the logical address space is relocated.
Logical addresses are converted into relocated addresses by the dynamic
address relocation mechanism to identify a byte location in the PCE
address space.

peE Address Space
The PCE address space consists of the total range of addresses available to
the PCE. The PCE address space contains all the logical address spaces as
they have been relocated by the dynamic address relocation mechanism.
Each logical address space is relocated in the PCE address space on aboundary that is an integral multiple of its size. A supervisory program
must determine which set of addresses in the PCE address space is allocatedfor each logical address space. During this allocation process, theaddress-base and address-limit field values for the ACV associated with theprogram or CHIO operation are defined.
Figure 7-3 provides an overview of the relationship between logical address
space and the PCE address space.

Chapter 7. Processor Characteristics

7-15

II

0
Program A

I

I

0Program B

8K

I

i
I

0
Program C

.1,

.

•

Program A ACV

I
I

..
r

Program B ACV

-...

r

4K

I
Figure 7-3.

..

~L---""

I

Program A

Program B

Program C ACVIICHIC Data
Area No.1

I
-

CHIC
Data Area
No.1

I

1

I

I

0

I

0

I

I

16K

7-16

..

I

8K

peE Address Space

Dynamic Address Relocation

Logical Address Space

Channel Pointer"n" ACV

I
I
I
I

Relocating Logical Address Spaces in the peE Address Space

Program C

4M.
8M
or
16M

Dynamic Address Translation
The dynamic address translation (DAT) mechanism translates relocatedaddresses into main storage addresses. The PCE address space isrepresented by up to 8192 entries in the translation table provided by the
DAT mechanism. The translation table is a high-speed storage array that is
physically separate from main storage. Each entry in the translation tablecorresponds to a block of 2048-byte addresses in the PCE address space.
Each logical address space is relocated into a portion of the PCE address
space represented by a corresponding set of contiguous translation-table
entries. The address-base field in the ACV identifies the firsttranslation-table entry of the set that is allocated to the program or CHIO
operation. When a logical address is converted to a relocated address withDAT active, the relocated address serves as an index into the translationtable to select the translation-table entry associated with that logicaladdress. The translation-table entry provides the PCE with the real address
for the main storage access. Main storage allocation is facilitated because
each translation-table entry is associated with a separate 2048-byte block ofmain storage. The translation-table entries associated with a logicaladdress space are contiguous; the 2048-byte blocks of main storage withwhich the translation-table entries are associated are not required to becontiguous.
For 8140C and the 8150B models, the first four entries are unique to each
PCE. When one PCE modifies one of its unique entries, the corresponding
entry in the second PCE is not affected. The remaining 8188 entries aretreated as common entries.
Figure 7-4 is an overview of the correspondence between a logical address
space, the PCE address space represented by the translation table, and mainstorage. In this example, Program A is defined in a 16K-byte logicaladdress space. Program A logical address space is relocated into the PCE
address space using the contents of the ACV associated with Program A
PSV. Program A is relocated into eight translation-table entries that
represent Program A address space in the PCE address space. The
relocated addresses are not used to access main storage with DAT active.
Rather, they access the translation-table entries associated with Program A
in the PCE address space. The DAT mechanism translates the relocatedaddresses into real addresses for the main storage access. Each of thetranslation-table entries is associated with a 2K-byte block of main storage
in which a portion of Program A has been stored.

Chapter 7. Processor Characteristics

7-17

Logical Address Space

Dynamic Address Translation

Dynamic Address
Relocation

Translation TableoMain Storage

2K
2K

2K

o
1 - - - Program A ----I
Program A

Address
I---Space

Program A
ACV IT = 11

2K
2K
2K

16K

2K

2K

8192 entries provide
a 16M-byte peE
address space_II.

8191
For 8130A and 8140A and B, 2048 entries provide a 4M-byte peE address space.
For the 8130B, 4096 entries provide an 8M-byte peE address space.

Figure 7-4. Using Translated Addresses to Access Main Storage

7-18

Storage Access Protection
Storage access protection is provided for each 2K-byte block of the PCE
address space by an access control field in each translation-table entry.
The access protection can be defined for each program that accesses thatblock of storage. The types of access protection are:•Block Invalid: no access is permitted.

•

Store Protection: store access is not permitted.

•

Execution Protection: instruction-fetch access is not permitted.

•

Channel Store Protection: channel I/O operations for store access are
not permitted.

This mechanism is available only when dynamic address translation is
active.

Separation Protection (8150 Only)
In the 8150, storage management is further aided by the separation
protection mechanism. This mechanism allows a supervisory program toprovide logical separation of programs within the logical address spaceprovided by a single ACV. This mechanism is available only when dynamic
address translation is active.
An 8-bit translation lock, located in the translation lock table, is logicallyassociated with each entry in the translation table (representing a 2K-byte
block of storage). The translation lock accommodates 255 unique values in
addition to a master lock value of O. An 8-bit protection key, located inadjunct registers, is associated with each PSV/ACV and CHP/ACV pair.
There are 255 unique protection keys in addition to a master protection key
value of O. During the dynamic translation process, the protection key
associated with the active ACV is compared with the translation lockassociated with the applicable translation-table entry. A match occurs if
either: (1) the protection key is identical to the translation lock, (2) the
protection key is the master key (all O's), or (3) the translation lock is themaster lock (all O's). If a match is not found, the storage access is
disallowed and a program exception (separation exception) occurs. If amatch occurs, the access-control field of the translation-table entry isinspected for storage access protection. If storage access is permitted, thedynamic address translation process continues. Two special
supervisor-privileged instructions are provided for managing the protection
keys and translation locks.

Chapter 7. Processor Characteristics

7-19

PCE Control
For the 81400.and the 8150B, each POE contains its own priority levels.
8100 processors provide for program execution on eight levels of processing
priority. These priority levels are numbered 0 -7 for each PCE. Level 0 isdefined as the highest priority level, level 1 is the next highest priority
level, and so on, to level 7, which is defined as the lowest priority level.

Dispatching Priority Level
The PCE gives control to programs in response to requests for program
execution. '1'he POE contains dispatching logic to automatically determine
the highest priority request for program execution and to give control tothe program on that level. Requests for program execution are received
from three sources: those created by an executing program, signals from
I/O devices, and requests generated by the PCE because of detecting
system-check conditions. The POE contains special control vectors torecord and maintain these requests for program execution.
Requests for program execution on a specific priority level are calledinterrupt requests. Programmed and I/O interrupt requests can be received
for levels 0-7; error interrupt requests are only associated with level O.
When a request for program execution is received for a priority level that isof higher priority than the current level, the POE's dispatching logic
initiates an interrupt sequence. An interrupt sequence consists of storing
the current PSV in its fixed location in register storage, updating certain
control vectors, and activating the new PSV/AOV pair for the priority level
being dispatched.

Enabling and Disabling Priority Levels
An interrupt request for a higher priority level than is currently active may
or may not result in an interrupt sequence. Priority levels can be enabledor disabled for interrupt requests. When a priority level is enabled, thelevel can be given control in response to an interrupt request. When apriority level is disabled, all interrupt requests for that level remain
pending until that level is enabled. Two masks control the enabling anddisabling of priority levels: the common mask and the master mask. The
common mask permits each level to be enabled or disabled, individually.
The master mask permits the collective disabling of all levels other than thecurrent level and level O.

Dual PSV s per Priority Level
Two PSV/ACV pairs are defined for each priority level within a PCE; one isdesignated the primary PSV/AOV pair, and the other is designated thesecondary pair. The primary and secondary PSV/ACV pairs are
distinguished physically by the fixed locations in register storage where
they are stored; their formats are identical. Dual PSV/ACV pairs for eachlevel allow a supervisor program and an application program to be definedon the same priority level. An instruction is provided that permits control

7-20

to be exchanged between two programs on the same priority level within a
PCE. When the instruction is executed, the current PSV is stored in its
fixed location in register storage, and the opposite PSV/ACV pair isactivated on the current priority level.
The primary and secondary PSVs differ in the processing of program
exceptions. When a program exception is detected with the secondary PSV
active, the secondary PSV is stored in its fixed location in register storage,
and the primary PSV/ACV pair is activated for the current level. When aprogram exception is detected with the primary PSV active, the primary
PSV is stored, and an error interrupt request is generated for priority level
O. Thus, the supervisor program for each priority level within a PCE canbe written to process program exception conditions detected duringexecution of the application program on that priority level.

Program Environment
The priority level structure and the unique set of fixed register locations foreach PSV and ACV permit the definition of a distinct environment for eachprogram. When a new PSV and ACV are introduced, the state of theassociated program is defined. The program environment includes thedefinition of the program's logical address space, general register sets, andthe program status and control information used during program execution.
The supervisor program establishes the program environment when it
initializes the PSV and ACV in its fixed save area prior to giving the
program control. The allocation of general register sets from the group ofprincipal register sets and the dynamic address relocation facility allow thesupervisor to define a distinct execution environment for the program. This
environment is preserved automatically when the program's execution isinterrupted and subsequently resumed. This capability permits fast
response to requests for program execution. It also allows a single copy ofa program to be associated with more than one priority level.

I/O Operations
I/O operations provide for information transfer between an I/O device and ageneral register or main storage. Programmed I/O (PIO) operations transfer
a fixed amount of data to or from a general register; channel I/O (CHIO)
operations transfer variable-length blocks of data to or from main storage.
Channel logic is associated with each PCE for the 8150B and with only PCEo for the 8140C.

Programmed I/O
An I/O instruction transfers a byte or halfword of data between an I/O
device and a general register specified by the instruction. Two I/O
instructions are provided for the transfer of a byte of data; a third I/O
instruction transfers a halfword of data.

Chapter 7. Processor Characteristics

7-21

The 1/0 device is selected with an 8-bit address specified in the instruction.
Each device is assigned a unique address. The addresses are called
programmed 1/0 (PIO) addresses.
The 1/0 instruction also specifies the programmed 1/0 (PIO) command. A
PIO command is an 8-bit code that identifies the operation that the device isto perform. In general, PIO commands are for specific devices. Four PIO
commands are implemented by all devices:•

Reset Device•

Reset Basic Status Register under Mask•

Set Basic Status Register under Mask•

Read Basic Status Register

When an 1/0 instruction is executed, the PIO address and command aresent to the device across the channel data bus. The device whose address
matches the address specified in the 1/0 instruction is selected for the datatransfer operation. The command specifies the direction of data transfer
and the operation to be performed by the selected devices. The PIO
operation is completed when the data has been transferred to or from theselected device.

Channel I/O
Channel I/O (CHIO) operations provide for the transfer of variable-length
blocks of data between some I/O devices and main storage. Certain control
information can also be placed into register storage. Data is transferred toor from a logical address space assigned for the CHIO operation. The
logical address space is assigned to a CHIO operation by the supervisor
program. Logical address spaces are defined by an ACV that is paired withthe channel pointer to be used during the CHIO operation. The channel
pointer contains the logical address of the data to be transferred. The
address may be placed in the channel pointer either by the program before
the CHIO operation is initiated, or as part of the operation. There are 64
channel pointers defined in fixed locations in principal register sets; eachchannel pointer is paired with an ACV in a corresponding fixed location inan adjunct register set.
A channel control vector (CHCV) initiates a CHIO operation. The CHCV
specifies the channel pointer to be used and the CHIO command to be
executed. CHIO commands are executed by the channel and the I/O
devices, and specify such operations as reading and writing.
Ordinarily, the program initiates a CHIO operation with a PIO instruction.
However, depending on the device and type of operation, the CHIO
operation can be initiated by the device asynchronous to program
execution. The capability of a device to execute CHIO operations
independently from program execution depends on the function of thedevice and is not described here.

7-22

CHIO Sequence
The program initiates a CHIO operation by issuing a PIO command to the
I/O device. The device recognizes the command as a start-CHIO operation.
The term start CHIO is the generic name for a class of device-specificcommands. It is used here to denote any PIO command that causes thedevice to initiate and execute a CHIO operation.
The start-CHIO command may be an immediate-type command, where theaccompanying data is ignored. Conversely, the command may specify awrite operation, where the data provides control information, such as the
CHCV, which the device uses in executing the CHIO operation.
Control information may also be supplied to the device by one or more PIO
instructions which are executed before issuing the start-CHIO command.
Alternatively, the CHIO operation may consist of writing control
information to the device followed by the reading or writing of data. In thiscase, the distinction between control information and data is made at theI/O device; the channel treats the entire operation as a data transfer.
When the CHIO operation is initiated at the device, the device is set up to
issue service requests to the channel, and the channel and device assume
subsequent control of the operation. The device requests service from thechannel whenever it is ready to send or receive a burst of information.
When the channel grants service to the device, the device becomes logicallyconnected to the channel and responds by transferring the CHCV to thechannel. The channel decodes the CHCV, including the command code,
fetches the storage address from the channel pointer designated in the
CHCV, and initiates the reading or writing of the burst of information. The
device maintains the data count of the burst, while the channel maintains
and updates the storage address as information is transferred to or frommain storage. At the end of each burst data transfer, the channel stores the
updated channel pointer in its fixed location in register storage.
The CHIO operation may consist of one or more burst transfers. The
number of bursts and the amount of information transferred during eachburst depend on the device and the type of operation. The CHIO operationis ended when the last burst of the operation has been executed.

CHIO Request Priority
A variety of devices carry out CHIO operations, each requiring a different
priority of service response from the channel. Unbuffered high-speed
devices require an immediate response from the channel; buffered devices
can permit some delay in response to a request for a CHIO burst transfer.
Three levels of priority are defined for requests for CHIO burst transfers:•

Channel Request High•

Channel Request Medium•

Channel Request Low

Devices are physically attached to one of these request priorities at time of
manufacture.

Chapter 7. Processor Characteristics

7-23

Programmable Priority Level Assignments
Except for the 8130, I/O devices are assigned to a specific priority level
through programming. A unique PIa command permits the supervisor
program to define the priority level with which a. device is to be associated.
The 8130 provides this facility through the System Expansion feature.
Without this feature, I/O devices attached to the 8130 are permanently
assigned to fixed priority levels. Specifically, the assignment of an I/O
device to a priority level determines the priority level on which I/Ointerrupt requests are reported by that device. Multiple devices can be
assigned to a single priority level.
One or more devices can present interrupt requests for a specific priority
level. The 8140 and 8150 provide 16 sublevels for each priority level toidentify the devices that are presenting interrupt requests for a priority
level. This capability is also provided by the 8130 when the System
Expansion feature is installed. The sublevel assignment provides a uniqueuser-defined identification for each device assigned to a specific priority
level. Only one device can be assigned to each sublevel; up to 16 devices
can be assigned to a specific priority level.
The sublevel assignment for each device is made during execution of the
PIa command that assigns the device to a specific priority level. A special
PIa command is defined to read the sublevel assignments for the device or
devices that are presenting interrupt requests for a specific priority level.
The program can then process the requests in a user-defined order. The
priority of each sublevel is thus determined by the order in which it isprocessed, rather than through a hardware-defined priority structure.
With multiple devices on a specific priority level, the programmablesublevel facility decreases program overhead by removing the need to "poll"each device for status when an interrupt request is received. Program
design flexibility is enhanced through the ability to assign each device to apriority level and define its sublevel identification through programming.

Interrupt Control Element (ICE)The 8140C and 8150B contain an Interrupt Control Element (ICE) that
improves overall operating system performance when the processors areusing dual mode. ICE appears as a PIa byte adapter that attaches to both
PCEs, and can be accessed by programming from either PCE. It operates byinteracting with both PCEs to interlock simultaneous PCE accesses whilestill maintaining sequential PIa command execution.
The ICE provides interruption capability between the peEs. The operating
system uses most of the PCE functions, such as controlling PCE
information transfer with locks and master mask interlocks. Additional
PCE functions are used during initialization, bringup, or error recovery.

7-24

Chapter 8. Input/Output Functions and Features
This chapter describes the input/output features and functions for the IBM
8100 Information System. Chapter 6, "Hardware Unit Capabilities," defines
which option or feature may be selected for each unit in the system.

Direct Access Storage
Two types of direct access storage provide high-speed, high-capacity on-line
storage for the 8100 Information System:
1.

Processor disk drives containing nonremovable disks with disk storage
capacities ranging from 23 and 123 million bytes, depending on
processor model. With the addition of 8101 or 8102 Storage and I/O
Units, the disk storage capacities are increased up to 128M bytes ofstorage for each 8101 and 259M bytes of storage for each 8102. Two
8101s or 8102s may be attached to an 8130A, three to an 8130B, four toan 8140, and eight to an 8150. The disk storage for an 8150 must be
provided by an 8101 or 8102.
Some processor models use disk drives with fixed heads for immediate
access to predefined areas of the disk. Refer to Figures 6-1 through 6-5
for the specific disk storage features available in each model.

2.

IBM Diskette 2D drive, which uses removable media (diskette) with amaximum storage capacity of 1 million bytes. This disk storage device
reads or writes on IBM diskettes, type 1 or 2D. See Figure 8-1 for datatransfer times. Two types of diskettes are available for use with thediskette 2D drive:•

Type 1: Data on one side only. Maximum storage is 256K bytes.

•

Type 2D: Data on two sides. High-density recording. Maximum
storage is 1 million bytes.

The total amount of usable storage on any diskette depends on diskette
type and the format selected for the diskette.
For more information about the 8100 System's direct access storage, see

IBM 8100 Information System: Direct Access Storage Device Description,
GA23-0053.

Chapter 8. Input/Output Functions and Features

8-1

Nonremovable Media(Disk)

Removable Media(Diskette)

Featureor
OptionTrackto-Track
AccessD

Seek
Time

Movable
Heads
Fixed
Heads
Diskette
2D Drive
Movable
Heads

9 ms

40 ms

Average
Rotational
Delay I I

(BPS)

27 ms

9.6 ms

1,043K09.6 ms

1,043K

225 ms

83.4 ms

62K(with Type 2D
Diskette)

II

Data
Rate

DTrack.to-Track Access = Time requi red to move the disk head to an adjacent track. This includes headload and settle time if appl icable.
f)seek Time = Time required to move the disk heads one-third way across the disk surface. This includes
head load and settle time if applicable.
IIAverage Rotational Delay = Ti me required to read half a track.

Figure 8-1. Average Data Transfer Time

Magnetic Tape Attachment
Up to four 8809 Magnetic Tape Units may be attached to an 8100 system.
The first 8809 must be either a Model 1A or 1B, depending on which
Magnetic Tape feature was selected for the 8101, 8102 or 8140 (B and C
models). Figure 8-2 illustrates some examples of the following
configurations:(A) 8809-1A attached to an 8140 (B and C models). In thisconfiguration, the 8140B and 8140C require a Magnetic Tape
Attachment feature (4901).
(B) 8809 -lA attached to either an 8130, 8140, or 8150 through an 8101
or 8102. In this configuration, the 8101 or 8102 requires a Magnetic
Tape Attachment feature (4521).
(C) 8809 -lB attached to either an 8130, 8140, or 8150.
For more information about the 8809 Magnetic Tape Unit, see IBM 8809
Magnetic Tape Unit Installation Manual- Physical Planning, GA32-0040.

Display and Printer Attachment
A Display and Printer Attachment allows certain displays and printers to
be directly attached to specific 8100 system units via a single coaxial cableor a combination of coaxial cable and IBM Cabling System cable. With
coaxial cable, the maximum cable length for each device attachment is
606m (2,000 ft). The maximum cable length using the combination of coaxial
cable and IBM Cabling System Cable varies depending on how much ofeach type cable is used.

8-2

•

•
8809-28809-38809-28809-1 A

8809-213809-38809-28809-188809-28809-38809-28809-188809-28809-38809-28809-1 A

8809-28809-38809-28809-1 A
8101/8102

Figure 8-2.

8809-28809-38809-28809-18

Examples of Magnetic Tape Attachment Configurations

The 8100 system units that can accommodate the Display and PrinterAttachment feature are the 8101 and 8102 storage and I/O units, and the8130B, 8140B, and 8140C processors_ The IBM displays and printers that
may be attached with this feature are:• 3277 Display Station Models 1 and 2• 3732 Text Display Station (not 8102)• 6580 Displaywriter (not 8102)• 3284 Printer Models 1 and 2• 3286 Printer Models 1 and 2• 3287 Printer Models 1 and 2• 3288 Line Printer Model 2• 3736 Printer (not 8102)
Chapter 8. Input/Output Functions and Features

8-3

Four I/O devices can be attached to the first Display and PrinterAttachment feature in an 8100 unit. The second and subsequent features,
known as Display and Printer Additional features, can also take four I/O
devices each. A maximum of six Display and Printer Attachment features
can be selected for each 8100 unit for a maximum attachment of 24 I/O
devices. Refer to "8101 and 8102 Storage and Input/Output Units" in
Chapter 6 for additional details.
Note: Refer to Chapter 10 for more-detailed descriptions of the attachable
I/O devices.

Operator Panels
Four types of operator ;'Il.nels are available for the 8100 Information System:•

8130/8140 operator panel (Figure 8-3)•

8140 expanded function operator panel (Figure 8-4) (not available on
8140C)•

8150 operator panel (Figure 8-5)•

8101 and 8102 operator panel (Figure 8-6)

These panels are mounted on the top front of each unit.

Figure8-4

8-3.

8130/8140 Operator Panel with Features

Figure8-4.

8140 Expanded Function Operator Panel with Features Model A and B Only

Figure8-5.

8150 Operator Panel

Chapter 8. Input/Output Functions and Features

8-5

Figure 8-6.

8101 and 8102 Storage and Input/Output Units Operator Panel8130/8140/8150 Operator Panel
This operator panel provides the means for:

8-6•

Entering data, functions, IPL parameters•

System reset/IPL•

Displaying system/diagnostic information in the basic panel display
register•

Indicating power-system status•

Power on/off•

Power-control and panel-input security if the keylock feature is
installed

8140 Expanded Function Operator Panel
The expanded function operator panel (EFP) feature is provided in addition
to the 8140 operator panel as a program diagnostic aid. The EFP feature
has all the functions of the 8140 operator panel plus the following
functions:•

Read/Write Capability
Main storage
General registers
Translation table
Processor control information
Instruction address
Program status•

Additional functions
Translate logical address
Stop on address compare
Activate program
Instruction step
Start
Stop on system check
Stop•

Indicators
Panel register 1
Panel register 2
Current or last priority level with primary/secondary program
status vector indications
Last priority level with primary/secondary program status vector
indications
Program mode
Translation active
Processor state
Operator attention
Panel check
Data or Address Display

The EFP feature is not available on the 8140C.
For more information about the 8140 EFP panel, see IBM 8100 Information
System: 8140 Processor Expanded Function Operator Panel Feature
Description, GA27-2879.

Chapter 8. Input/Output Functions and Features

8-7

Chapter 9. Communications Capabilities
The IBM 8100 Information System supports a wide variety of line protocols,line speeds, and communications facilities to meet requirements of priceand performance in data communications. The 8100 system supports
synchronous data link control (SDLC) and binary synchronous
communications (BSC) protocols over both conventional analog and digitaltransmission facilities. Start-stop (SS) is also supported over theconventional analog facility. The alternatives for data communication
between remote processors and for data communicatipn between processors
and remote devices are shown in Figure 9-1. For a dbtailed description of
the 8100 System's communications capabilities, see IBM 8100 Information

System: Communications, Loop, and Display/Printer Attachment Description,
GA27-2883.
Each communications attachment feature controls one loop or data link or
one "direct connection" to an I/O unit that is a limited distance from the8100 system.

Note: The SDLC communications attachment feature which supports theSDLC protocol can be used with a loop adapter to control a directly
attached loop instead of a data link. Refer to "Loop Attachments" later inthis chapter.

Data Link Attachments
Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC)The SDLC communications attachment feature can connect to analog
networks, digital networks, or direct connections. Analog network speeds
range from 600 to 56,000 bps, digital network speeds range from 2400 to
56,000 bps, and direct connection speeds range from 600 to 56,000 bps.
The maximum distance for direct connection through an EIA RS-232-C
interface is 12.2 m (40 ft). The maximum distance for direct connection
through a V.35 interface is 304.8 m (1000 ft). The maximum V.35 directconnection to a host is 61 m (200 ft) via a 3705 Communications Controller
or 150 m (492 ft) via a 3725 Communication Controller.

Note: The 8100 Information System communicates with data-link-attachedloops through an SDLC communications attachment feature. Refer to"Loop Attachments" later in this chapter.
The 8100 Information System can use the SDLC communications
attachment feature to communicate with a System/370 or 4300 host throughthe 3704/3705/3725 communications controllers or Integrated
Communications Adapter with line speeds up to 56,000 bits per second orwith other 8100 Information Systems.

Chapter 9. Communications Capabilities

9-1

Supporting Host

~ystem/370

Processor
Channel

3704/5/25 orIntegrated
Communication
Adapter

Functional
Subsystems

IBM 8100
Information
SystemDistributed
Data Base
Displays

Functional
Controllars
Plant
Communication
Controller

Communication
ControlleruFigure 9-1. Distributed Systems Network

9-2

SDLC supports six types of ports (Figure 9-2). The EIA/CCITT port itself
supports both analog and digital networks, as follows:•

EIA RS-232-C/CCITT V.24/V.28, CCITT X.21 bis/V.28
Digital network
Analog network
Direct connect•

Loop adapter (lor 2 lobes)•

12oo-bps integrated modem (available on 8130B, 8140C or on 8150 only
via attached 8101)•

Digital Data Service Adapter (DDSA) (available on 8130B, 8140C or on
8150 only via attached 8101)•

CCITT V.35 direct connect, external modem, or digital network•

X.21 Adapter for Switched/Nons witched Networks

Binary Synchronous Communications (BSC)
The BSC Communications Feature can connect to analog networks anddigital networks, or by direct connection. Analog network speeds range
from 600 to 9600 bps, digital network speeds range from 2400 to 9600 bps,
and direct connection speeds range from 600 to 9600 bps. See Figure 9-3.
BSC supports three types of ports:•

EIA RS-232-C/CCITT V.24/V.28
Digital network
Analog network
Direct connect•

12oo-bps integrated modem (available on 8130B, 8140C or on 8150 only
via attached 8101)•

Digital Data Service Adapter (DDSA) (available on 8130B, 8140C or on
8150 only via attached 8101)

Chapter 9. Communications Capabilities

9-3

-

600/12()()"bps
Integrated
Modem

-

DDSA up to
56,000 bps(See Note)

Communication
Network

Direct Connect E I A or V.28 to12.2 m (40 ft); V.35 to 305 m(1000 tt) or 61 m (200 ft) to ahost processor via 3705 or
150 m (492 ft) via 3725.

CCITT V.24/V.28
or EIA/R5-232-C
to 9600 bps
or V.35
to 56,000 bps-

EIA/RS·232-C
CCITT X.21 BISIV.28
to 9600 bps
CCITT V.35 to
56,000 bps (See Note)

Communication
Feature- SDLC

Data
Service
Unit

DigitalChannelServiceUnit

f-- Communication
Network

Terminal orProcessor orother 8100

ChannelService
Unit

Digitalf-- Communication
Network~

Loop
Adapter 9600
or 38,400 bps

-

-----

Directly Attached Loop-

2nd Lobe

EIA/R5-232-C or
CCITT V.24/V.28
to 9600 bps
CCITT V.35
at 56,000 bps

Modem

X.211V.11
to 48,000 bps

DCE
Data Circuit
Terminating
Equipment

I

I

Communication
Network

Terminal Terminal

DigitalCommunication
Network

Note: The 56,000·bps data link is from an 81308, 8140, or 8150 to System/370, 4300 or to another 81308,
8140, or 8150.

Figure 9-2.

9-4

Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) Communications

r---

1200-bps
Integrated
Modem

-

DDSA
up to
9600 bps

EIA RS-232-C
up to9600 bps

Communication
Feature - BSC

Communication
Network

ChannelService
Unit

Network

Direct Connect EIA to EIA
12.2 m (40 ftl max to 9600 bps-

EIA/RS-232-G
to 9600 bps

Data
ServiceUnit-

EIA/RS-232-G
CCITT V.24/V.28
to 9600 bps

Modem

Terminal

ChannelService
Unit

I

Terminal

Figure9-3.

Digital- Communication

I

Digitalf--- Communication
NetworkCommunication
Network

Terminal

Binary Synchronous Communications

Start-Stop (SS)The SS communications attachment feature can connect to analog networks
or by direct connection. This feature is available for the 8140C or 8150 only
via an attached 8101. Analog network speeds and direct connection speeds
range from 110 to 300 bps for the 8130, and from 110 to 600 bps for the 8140.
See Figure 9-4.
SS direct connection is through an EIA RS-232-C interface. Maximum
distance is 12.2 meters (40 ft).
The 8100 Information System can use the SS communications adapter tocommunicate with the 2741 Communications Terminal and devices likethose using the teletypewriter equipment (TTY) 33/35 line protocol.
SS supports one type of port (EIA RS-232-C/CCITT V.24/V.28) and two typesof networks - analog network and direct connect.

Chapter 9. Communications Capabilities

9-5

EIA/RS-232-C
CCITT V.24/V.28
r - - 110 to 300 bps (8130)
110 to 600 bps (8140)
Communication
Feature - SS

Direct Connect
12.2 m (40 tt) max

TerminalI---

EIA/RS-232-C
CCITT V.24/V.28
110 to 300 bps (8130)
110 to 600 bps (8140)

Modem

-

Communication
Network(Poi nt-to-Poi ntl

Note: All speeds given are maximum speeds.

Figure9-4.

Start-Stop Communications

Loop Attachments
A loop consists of cable and accessories that allow multiple I/O units to beconnected to a common cabling system. Cabling for the loop - both indoor
and outdoor - is a shielded, twisted pair cable. The accessories include
various types of connection boxes for connecting I/O units to the loop.
Customers can choose between two sets of components for wiring loops:•

Multiuse Communication Loop components•

IBM Cabling System components

In both cases, the loop components are cables and the accessories that
attach devices to the cable and that route the signal path to the attacheddevices. The cabling system components are recommended for loops being
installed in new or remodeled buildings.
The loop can be directly attached or data-link-attached to an 8100
Information System. A directly attached loop operates at 9600 or 38,400 bps;
a data-link-attached loop operates at 2400, 4800, or 9600 bps.

Note: The loop speed selected depends on the capabilities of the attacheddevices and system requirements.
Input/output units that can be attached to a directly attached loop can also
be attached to a data-link-attached loop. All devices attached to a given
loop must operate at the same loop speed. To simplify single terminal loop
operation, IBM makes a Single Device Attachment Cable Assembly.
Both directly attached and data-link-attached loops can be used with allprocessors and with the 8101 Storage and I/O Unit.

9-6

Besides being capable of attaching a wide variety of I/O units, the loop is
designed for quick problem determination and error recovery. For example:•

For loops wired with Multiuse Communication Loop components, awrap capability in two of the connection boxes - the loop station
connector (LSC) and loop wiring concentrator (LWC) - lets users create
an alternate signal path to bypass a failure on the loop. This bypass
capability in the LWC allows users to remove a faulty I/O unit or cablefrom the loop while allowing the remainder of the loop to operate
normally.

•

With loops wired with IBM Cabling System components, the user canisolate faults by methodically unplugging cables terminated withsnap-in snap-out connectors from an LWC to isolate the exact
connection box, cable, or device that is faulty.

The loop configuration permits users to relocate devices on the loop
without recabling or reprogramming.

Directly Attached Loop
For a directly attached loop, a controlling unit requires an SDLC
communications feature and a loop adapter feature. In addition, a directly
attached loop can have a second lobe if the seconcllobe feature is installed
for that loop. A lobe is a portion of a loop that has a driver at one end of
the lobe and a receiver at the other end of the lobe, neither of which is in
an I/O unit.
Multiple lobes are recommended for increased I/O device availability during
cabling alterations or failures, simpler installation planning and control,and greater loop cabling distance. A malfunction on one lobe can bebypassed, keeping other lobes operational. For details, refer to the IBM
Multiuse Communication Loop Planning and Installation Guide, GA27-3341.

Data-Link-Attached Loop
A data-link-attached loop requires an SDLC communications feature with amodem at both the 8100 system and the remote site, as well as a 3843 Loop
Control Unit, to interface the data link to the data-link-attached loop. The
3843 requires a modem and runs at the speed of the attached modem, up to
9600 bps. The second lobe feature is not available on a data-link-attached
loop.

Chapter 9. Communications Capabilities

9-7Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices
This chapter lists and then briefly describes IBM devices that may be
attached to the IBM 8100 Information System. For further information onwhich IBM-licensed program supports each device, refer to the DPPX/SP,
DPPX, or DPCX General Information manuals.
Note: The devices are listed in a format to show the way printers, display
stations, and other types of devices are attached to the 8100 Information
System. For example, the 3278 Display Station is indented below the 3274
Control Unit because the 3278 attaches to the 8100 system through the 3274.
IBM 2741 Communication Terminal
IBM 3101 Display Terminal Models 10, 12, 13, 20, 23
IBM 3104 Display Terminal Models B1, B2
IBM 3262 Printer Models 2, 12
IBM 3268 Printer Model 1
IBM 3274 Control Unit Models 41C, 51C, 61C
IBM 3178 Display Station
IBM 3179 Color Display Station
IBM 3180 Display Station Modell
IBM 3262 Printer Models 3, 13
IBM 3268 Printer Model 1,2
IBM 3270 Personal Computer
IBM 3278 Display Station Models 1-5
IBM 3278 Display Station, PC Attachment
IBM 3279 Color Display Station Models 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 2X, 3X
IBM 3279 Color Display Station, PC Attachment
IBM 3287 Printer Models 1, 1C, 2, 2C
IBM 3289 Line Printer Models 1, 2
IBM 3290 Information Panel Display Station
IBM 5210 Printer Models G1, G2
IBM 6580 Displaywriter w/3270 attached work station
IBM 3274 Control Unit Model 52C
IBM 3178 Display Station
IBM 3268 Printer Model 2
IBM 3278 Display Station Models 1, 2, 52
IBM 3283 Printer Model 52
IBM 3287 Printer Models 1, 2

Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-1IBM 3276 Control Unit Display Station Models 1--4, 11-14
IBM 3178 Display Station
IBM 3179 Color Display Station
IBM 3180 Display Station Modell
IBM 3262 Printer Model 13
IBM 3268 Printer Model 2
IBM 3270 Personal Computer
IBM 3278 Display Station Models 1-5
IBM 3278 Display Station, PC Attachment
IBM 3279 Color Display Station Models 2A, 3A, 2X, 3X, (2B, 3B basecolor only)
IBM 3279 Color Display Station, PC Attachment
IBM 3287 Printer Models 1, 1C, 2, 2C
IBM 3289 Line Printer Models 1, 2
IBM 5210 Printer Models G1, G2
IBM 6580 Displaywriter w/3270 attached work station
IBM 3277 Display Station Models 1, 2
IBM 3284 Printer Models 1, 2
IBM 3286 Printer Models 1, 2
IBM 3287 Printer Models 1, 2, 11, 12
IBM 3288 Line Printer Model 2
IBM 3289 Line Printer Model 3
IBM 3782 Card Attachment Unit Modell
IBM 3521 Card Punch
IBM 3782 Card Attachment Unit Model 2
IBM 2502 Card Reader Model Al
IBM 3501 Card Reader
IBM 3600 Finance Communication System
IBM 3601 Models 1, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B
IBM 3602 Models lA, 1B
IBM 3630 Plant Communication System
IBM 3631 Plant Communication Controller Models lA, 1B
IBM 3632 Plant Communication Controller Models lA, 1B

IBM Plant Communication Devices
IBM 3641 Reporting Terminal Models 1, 2
IBM 3642 Encoder Printer Models 1, 2
IBM 3643 Keyboard Display Models 2, 3, 4
IBM 3644 Automatic Data Unit (ADU) Modell
IBM 3645 Printer

10-2

IBM 3646 Scanner Control Unit
IBM Magnetic Hand Scanner, PN 4123495
IBM Magnetic Slot Reader, PN 4123500
IBM Dual Entry Magnetic Slot Reader, PN 4123520
IBM 3647 Time and Attendance Terminal
IBM 3650 Programmable Store System
IBM 3651 Store Controller Models 25, 75
IBM 3680 Programmable Store System
IBM 3684 Point of Sale Control Unit Models 1, 2
IBM 3732 Text Display Station
IBM 3736 PrinterIBM 3750 Switching System
IBM 3767 Communication Terminal Models 1, 2, 3
IBM 3776 Communication Terminal
IBM 3842 Loop Control Unit
IBM 3843 Loop Control Unit, 2400, 4800, 9600 bps (External Modem)
IBM 3863 Modem
IBM 3864 Modem
IBM 3865 Modem
IBM 3872 Modem
IBM 3874 Modem
IBM 3875 Modem
IBM 3976 Modem Models 1, 3
IBM 4701 Finance Communication Controller Models 1, 2
IBM 3262 Line Printer Models 3,13
IBM 3278 Display Station Model 2
IBM 3279 Color Display Station Models 2A, 2B, 2X
IBM 3287 Printer Models 1, 2
IBM Series!1
IBM 4952 Processor
IBM 4954 Processor
IBM 4955 Processor
IBM 4959 Processor
IBM 5150 Personal Computer
IBM 5160 Personal Computer
Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-3IBM 5210 Printer Models E1, E2
IBM 5285 Programmable Data Station
IBM 5288 Programmable Data Station
IBM 6580 Displaywriter System
IBM 6670 Information Distributor
IBM 8775 Display Terminal Models 1, 2, 11, 12
IBM 8809 Magnetic Tape Unit Models lA, 1B, 2, 3

10-4

IBM 2502 Card Reader with IBM 3782 Card Attachment Unit

The IBM 2502 Card Reader reads 80-column cards at speeds up to 150 cards
per minute (Model AI). Two special features permit the 2502 toelectronically read either 51- or 80-column cards interchangeably or 66- or
80-column cards interchangeably. The operator can easily change themachine to read either standard 80-column cards or the shorter-length
cards. Both shorter cards cannot be read by the same machine, however.
The 2502 attaches to the 3289-3 Line Printer via the 3782 Model 2 Card
Attachment Unit. Only one card reader can be attached to the 3289 Model
3 Line Printer.

Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-5IBM 2741 Communication Terminal

The IBM 2741 Communication Terminal is a modified SELECTRIC ®
typewriter that can operate as a remote conversational terminal. The 2741
can be used for on-line scientific computation, on-line computer
programming, or text handling, depending on the program used by the 8100
system with which it is associated.
The 2741 is available in E/ME/A countries only. It attaches to the 8100
Information System through a start-stop communications capability.

10-6

IBM 3101 Display Terminal

The IBM 3101 Display Terminal is a table-top CRT keyboard display
terminal capable of displaying 24 lines of 80 characters each. The
87-character keyboard has alphabetic, numeric, special character, andfunction keys.
The 3101 can be attached to the 8100 system through a start-stop interface
for direct connection or data-link attachment.
An output device such as a 3102 Printer can be attached to the 3101.
The 3101 is designated as a customer setup device.

Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-7IBM 3104 Display Terminal

The IBM 3104 Display Terminal consists of a display unit and its attached
keyboard. The 3104 is available in two models: B1 and B2. Model B1 uses
a 75-key data entry type keyboard, a 76-key data entry type keyboard, or a
76-key Japanese Katakana data entry type keyboard. Model B2 uses an
87-key typewriter type keyboard on an 88-key Japanese Katakana
typewriter type keyboard. Both models offer a maximum screen capacity of1920 characters.
The 3104 communicates with the 8100 system using synchronous data linkcontrol (SDLC) over either a directly attached or data-link-attached loop.
The 3104 is designated as a customer setup device.

10-8

IBM 3178 Display Station

The IBM 3178 Display Station displays up to 1920 characters on its screen
and has either a 75-key data-entry keyboard or an 87-key typewriter
keyboard.
Models C1 and C2 attach to the 8100 system via a 3274 Control Unit or a3276 Control Unit Display Station.
The 3178 is designated as a customer setup device.

Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-9IBM 3179 Color Display Station

The 3179 Color Display Station is a 14-inch cathode-ray tube that displays
up to 1,920 characters.
In base color operation, data fields can be displayed in four colors. In
extended color operation, data can be displayed in seven colors.
The 3179 attaches to the 8100 system via the 3274 Control Unit or the 3276
Control Unit Display Station. It is designated a customer setup device.

10-10IBM 3180 Display Station Modell

The 3180 Display Station Modell lets users choose multiple screen formats
and reconfigure the keys on the keyboard.
Users can select four screen formats on the monochrome display, witheither 1,920, 2,560, 3,440, or 3,564 alphanumeric characters. The display
screen tilts, rotates, and elevates.
The keyboard has 122 removable keys (124 keys for Japanese Katakana)that the user can move about on the keyboard to meet individual needs.
The 3180 attaches to the 8100 system via the 3274 Control Unit and the 3276
Control Unit Display Station. It is designated a customer setup device.

Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-11IBM 3262 Line PrinterThe IBM 3262 Line Printer is a medium-speed line printer featuring
operator-interchangeable print bands. It is available in four models: 2, 12,
3, and 13. Models 2 and 12 can attach to the 8100 system through a directly
attached loop or through a data-link-attached loop. Model 3 is attachedthrough the 3274-51C Control Unit. Model 13 is attached either throughthe 3274-51C or through the 3276 Control Unit Display Station.
The 3262 is designated as a customer setup device.

10-12

I B M 3268 P r

inter-/ :- ..- '"

I'
I
_

M

~

••
.. .
-

h

T h e IB M 3268
P
M od el s 2 an d ri n te r pr ov id es a g ro w thp at
12; it p ri n ts fa
st er (340 ch ar h fo r u se rs o f th e 3262 P
b ro ad er ra n gri
ac te rs p er se
e o f st an d ar dco nd ) an d h as n te rfu nc ti on s.
a
T h e 3268 M od e ll at ta ch es
to th e IB M 81
d ir ec tl y at ta ch
00 In fo rm at io
ed o r d at a- linSnk -a tt ac h ed lo
th e IB M 3270
op s. T h e 3268 ys te m th ro u g h
In fo rm at io n
M od el 2 at ta
D
is3276 C o n tr o lpl ay S ys te mch es toth ro u g h a 32
U n it D is pl ay
74 C o n tr o l U
S ta ti o n .
n it o r aIBM 3270 Personal Computer

The IBM 3270 Personal Computer allows users to display as many as sevensessions or "windows" at once to view, interrelate, and analyze data. Up tofour 3270 host sessions, two notepad sessions, and one personal computer
session can be displayed at one time. A notepad session allows users to jot
down on-line notes while working in one of the other sessions. The user
operates in one session at a time, moving from one session to another bysimply pressing a key.
The 3270 PC attaches to the 8100 Information System via the 3274 Control
Unit and 3276 Control Unit Display Station.

10-14

IBM 3274 Control Unit

The IBM 3274 Control Unit is a cluster control unit that comes in fourmodels: 41C, 51C, 52C, and 61C. The maximum numbers of terminals thatcan be attached to each model are as follows:
Model
41C
5IC
52C
6IC

Terminals (Max)
32
8
8
16

Model 52C provides the capability of handling Kanji/Chinese as well as
EBCDIC characters.
The 3274 uses SDLC to attach to the 8100 system in any of the following
ways:•

Through a directly attached loop at data rates of 9600 bps or 38,400 bps(except Model 41C).

•

Through a data-link attached loop at data rates of 9600 bps, 4800 bps, or
2400 bps (except Model 41C).

•

Through data-link and direct-connect communications attachment at
data rates up to 56,000 bps.

The 3274 is designated as a customer setup device.

Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-15

IBM 3276 Control Unit Display Station

The IBM 3276 Control Unit Display Station is a cluster control unit able tocontrol up to seven display stations and printers (as well as the display
station that is part of the 3276) for remote-data half-duplex communications,or for attachment to the data-link-attached loop or directly attached loop.
The 3276 can have display sizes of up to 3440 characters per screen,
depending on which model is selected.
The 3276 is designated as a customer setup device.

10-16

IBM 3277 Display Station Models 1 and 2

IBM 3277 Display Station displays alphameric data and enters data into andretrieves data from the 8100 system. The 3277 permits an operator to use
the keyboard or light pen, or both, to display and manipulate data on the
CRT screen.
The 3277 is available in two models: Modell displays up to 480 charactersin 12 lines of up to 40 characters per line; Model 2 displays up to 1920
characters in 24 lines of up to 80 characters per line. The character set
includes 36 alphameric and 27 special characters. A choice of keyboards, a
selector light pen, and a set of program function keys provide input
flexibility. Output flexibility is enhanced because information on thescreen can be directed to another display or to a 3284, 3286, 3287, or 3288
Printer.
The 3277 is attached to the 8100 Information System via the Display and
Printer Attachment feature in the 8101, 8102, 8130 B models, and 8140 BandC models.

Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-17

IBM 3278 Display Station

The IBM 3278 Display Station is available with display sizes of up to 3564
characters per screen.
The 3278 (Models 1 - 4) attaches to the 8100 Information System through the3276 Control Unit Display Station. Models 1 through 5 attach through the3274 Control Unit Models 41C, 51C, and 61C. When attached through the3274 Control Unit, with the appropriate features, the 3278 can optionallyprovide the capability for extended character and field highlighting (reverse
video, underscore, and blink).
The 3278 Model 52 attaches through the 3274 Model 52C and provides forthe use of Kanji/Chinese characters. The keyboard for the 3278 Model 52 is
a 254-key Kanji keyboard. 3278 Models 1 and 2 may also be attached to the8100 system via the 3274 Model 52C.
The 3278 is designated as a customer setup device.

10-18

IBM 3279 Color Display Station

The IBM 3279 Color Display Station is high-quality color display. The 3279
is available in four models: two basic color and two extended color models.
All models will operate in the base color mode, and Models 2B and 3B also
provide APLjTEXT when attached to a 3276 Control Unit Display Station
via the appropriate terminal adapters. The 3279 cannot be attached to 3276
Models 1- 4 in the 8100 system. When attached to 3276 Models 11 -14, 3279
Models 2B and 3B operate in base color mode, and also display the
APLjText character set.
When attached through the 3274 Control Unit Models 41C, 51C, and 61C,
the 3279 can operate in the extended color mode. When attached in thisway, the 3279 also offers APLjText, extended highlighting (reverse video,
underscore, and blink), and optional programmed symbols (six sets ofprogrammed symbols allow symbols and shapes to be displayed).
The 3279 is designated as a customer setup device.

Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-19

IBM 3283 PrinterThe 3283 Model 52, available in WT - A/FE countries only, is a single copy,
ink-jet, terminal printer using the Variable Width Forms Tractor. It
provides both Kanji/Chinese and EBCDIC character printing capabilities.
Character spacing is 6 to the inch for Kanji/Chinese and 12 to the inch for
EBCDIC. Line spacing is 4 and 6 to the inch. The print span is 335.1 mm(13.2 in.) maximum. Up to 79 Kanji/Chinese characters, 158 EBCDIC
characters, or a mixture of them by field, can be printed on a line.
The 3283 can print 7658 Kanji (Japanese) or 11,560 Chinese characters.
Printing speed is 77 EBCDIC characters/second or 38.5 Kanjicharacters/second.
The 3283 attaches to the 8100 Information System via the 3274-52C Control
Unit.

10·20

IBM 3284 Prin ter

The IBM 3284 Printe r is availab le in two models:•Mode ll - 480-ch aracter buffer capaci ty with a 40-cps printo ut rate•

Model 2 - 1,920- charac ter buffer capaci ty with a 40-cps printo ut
rate

The 3284 attach es to the 8100 Inform ation System via the Displa yandPrinte r Attach ment in the 8101, 8102, 8130 B models, and 8140 BandC
models.

Chapte r 10. Attach able IBM Device s

10-21

IBM 3286 PrinterThere are two IBM 3286 Printer models:•Modell480-character buffer capacity with a 66-cps printout rate•

Model 2

1,920-character buffer capacity with a 66-cps printout rate

The 3286 attaches to the 8100 Information System via the Display and
Printer Attachment feature in the 8101, 8102, 8130 B models, and 8140 BandC models.
IBM no longer manufactures this printer.

10-22

IBM 3287 PrinterThe IBM 3287 Printer is a table-top printer with bidirectional printing
capability. It is available in six models:•Models 1, 1C (Color), and 11 - 80-cps maximum print rate•

Models 2, 2C (Color), and 12 - 120-cps maximum print rate

Note: Print speeds depend on the operational and system characteristics
and may be affected by such factors as application programs, loop speed,
print line length, multiple device operational loads, and communicationstransmission speed.

The 3287 Models 1 and 2 attach to the 3274-51C or 52C or through the 3276
Control Unit Display Station. Attachment can be up to 1500 meters (4920feet) maximum cable length from either the 3274-51C, 3274-52C, or the 3276.
The 3287 Models 1 and 2 can also attach to the 8100 Information System via
the Display and Printer Attachment in the 8101, 8102, 8130 B models, and8140 Band C models.
The 3287 Models 11 and 12 attach to a loop. These models can operate on
38,400-bps and on 9600-bps directly attached loops, and on
data-link-attached loops that operate at 9600 bps, 4800 bps, or 2400 bps.
3287 Models lC and 2C attach to the 8100 system through the 3274 Model
51C Control Unit or through the 3276 Control Unit Display Station.
Models lC and 2C give the user the option of printing in combinations offour colors: red, green, blue, and black.

Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-23

The Programmed Symbols feature is available on 3287' ModelslC .a.nd 2C a,ewell as on the monochrome 3287 Models 1 and 2 when attached through a3274 Control Unit. This feature provides a graphics capability for symbols
and shapes.
The 3287 is designated as a customer setup device.

10-24

IBM 3288 Line PrinterThe IBM 3288 Line Printer Model 2 has a 1920-character buffer capacity
and a print rate of 120 lines per minute.
The 3288 attaches to the 8100 Information System via the Display and
Printer Attachment feature in the 8101, 8102, 8130 B models, and 8140 BandC models.
IBM no longer manufactures this printer.

Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-25

IBM 3289 Line Printer Models 1 and 2

The IBM 3289 Models 1 and 2 are floor-standing line printers withintegrated forms stand/stacker that print up to 400 lines per minute.
Note: Print speeds depend on the operational and system characteristics
and may be affected by such factors as application programs, loop speed,
print line length, multiple device operational loads, and communicationstransmission speed.

The 3289 Models 1 and 2 attach to the 8100 Information System through the3274 Control Unit or the 3276 Control Unit Display Station. Attachment
can be up to 1500 meters (4920 feet) maximum cable length.
The 3289 Models 1 and 2 are designated as a customer setup device.

10-26

IBM 3289 Line Printer Model 3

The IBM 3289 Line Printer Model 3 is a floor-standing line printer withintegrated forms stand/stacker that prints up to 400 lines a minute.
Note: Print speeds depend on the operational and system characteristics
and may be affected by such factors as application programs, loop speed,
print line length, multiple device operational loads, and communicationstransmission speed.
The 3289-3 attaches to a directly attached loop (9600 bps) or to adata-link-attached loop (9600 bps, 4800 bps, or 2400 bps) and can have thefollowing devices attached to it:•

3782 Modell Card Attachment Unit, which attaches the 3521 Card
Punch

•

3782 Model 2 Card Attachment Unit, which attaches the 2502 Model Al
Card Reader•

3501 Card Reader

Note: The 3289-3 Line Printer can only have one card reader attached to it.
When the 3289-3 is attached to the 8100 Information System via a directly
attached loop, it transmits and receives data at a maximum speed of 9600bps.
When the 3289-3 is attached to an 8100 system data-link-attached loop, it
transmits and receives data at speeds up to 9600 bps. The speed, matcJ1ed to
the loop when the printer is installed, is switch-selectable by the operator.

Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-27

IBM 3290 Information Panel Display Station

The IBM 3290 Information Panel Display Station uses a flat plasma panel toprovide a large-capacity display of alphanumeric data and graphics. The
image is orange on a black background and is uniform at .every point of theviewing area.
The 3290 lets users configure the screen in large-screen or multiple-screen
formats. The screen displays up to 9,920 characters (62 lines of 160
characters). The 3290 allows an alternate display of up to 5,300 characters(50 lines of 106 characters). Variable character spacing and multiple
partitioning to up to 16 sections are also provided.
The 3290 attaches to the 8100 system via the 3274 Control Unit. It is
designated a customer set up device.

10-28

IBM 3501 Card Reader

The IBM 3501 Card Reader reads 80-column cards at 50 cards per minute(maximum). This compact unit is suitable for desk-top use.
The 3501 attaches to the 8100 Information System via the 3289 Model 3 Line
Printer.
No special features are available for the 3501, and it cannot be installed if a
2502 Card Reader is already attached.

Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-29

IBM 8521 Card Punch with IBM 8782 Card Attachment Unit

The IBM 3521 Card Punch punches 80-column cards at 50 cards per minute(maximum). Special features permit card reading or card punching withchecking and card printing. The 3521 speed is reduced to 25 card/!! perminute during printing of Katakana.
The 3521 attaches to the 3289 Model 3 Line Printer via the 3782 Modell
Card Attachment Unit.
Note: The 3289-3 Line Printer can only have one card reader attached,
whether it is a 3501, a 2502, or the card read/punch checking feature of the3521.

The following features are available on the 3521:

10-30

•

Card read feature - adds a read station for reading 80 column cards.

•

Card print feature - prints (interprets) cards above the 12 row as they
are punched or read. The EBCDIC 64-character set is standard but the
Katakana 127-character set is also available.

IBM 3600 Finance Communication System (A/FE andE/ME/A Only)

IBM 3602 Controller

The IBM 3600 Finance Communication System is supported by the 8100
Information System in World Trade countries only.
The 3600 system is designed specifically for the finance community,
including commercial banks, savings and loan associations, credit unions,finance companies, and other institutions offering financial services.
For more information, refer to the 3600 System Library.

Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-31

IBM 3631/3632 Plant Communication Controllers

The IBM 3631 and 3632 Plant Communication Controllers areprogrammable controllers that coordinate the communications traffic
among the IBM 3640 Plant Communication Terminals and the host.
Control and application storage can be extended in 16K-byte increments.
For host communications, anyone of three SDLC communications adaptersand an external modem to the 8100 system can be used. Each controller
can support up to two directly attached or data-link-attached loops for 3640
terminal attachment.
The 3631 MadellA incorporates an IBM Diskette 1 Drive (one-sided
256K-byte diskette). The 3631 Model 1B and both models of the 3632
incorporate an IBM Diskette 2 Drive (one- or two-sided 512K-byte diskette).
Diskette space unused by control and application code is available forcustomer data.
The 3632 controller has either a 5 million byte disk or 9.2 million byte disk.
Key 3631 and 3632 functions include line control, message assembly, data
conversion, data and message editing, error control, message buffering andqueuing, message logging, and statistics recording.
The 3631/3632 controllers are attached to the 8100 Information Systemthrough a 2400-bps or 9600-bps SDLC data-link communications facility.

10-32

IBM 3641 Reporting Terminal

The IBM 3641 Reporting Terminal is an input/output device that can beused for data collection and response in a wide range of industrial workzones or offices. Input data may be entered from a keyboard and,optionally, from a Magnetic Hand Scanner or Magnetic Slot Reader,
80-column Punched Card Reader, lO-column Numeric Punched Hole Badge
Reader, or a customer device connected to a Digital Input/Digital Output
Adapter. Output may be directed to 22-position alphanumeric display, or
optionally to a customer device connected to the Digital Input/Digital
Output Adapter. The application program formats an input area on thedisplay where keyed data appears.
The 3641 attaches to the 8100 Information System via a directly attached ora data-link-attached loop,or through the 3631/3632 Plant Communication
Controller. Its maximum communications line speed is 9600 bps.
The 3641 is designated as a customer setup device.

Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-33

IBM 3642 Encoder PrinterThe IBM 3642 Encoder Printer is a work station output device that prints
and magnetically encodes data on magnetic stripe documents. Output forthe 3642 is prepared by user-written application programs.
The 3642 can be used in a wide range of industrial work zones and officeareas to produce working documents where they are needed. In this way,human- and machine-readable documents can be more easily kept current
and synchronized with data in the information system.
There are two 3642 models:•Modell provides magnetic stripe encoding and ten lines of printing on
hand-fed documents.

•

Model 2 provides the capabilities of the Modell, and, in addition, canautomatically feed and burst continuous forms. The Model 2 may be
used unattended.

Both models have a 400-form output stacker. The Model 2 has a 400-form
input hopper. This hopper is not used when documents are hand-fed on the
Model 2. The Model 2 automatically bursts continuous forms into single
forms.
The 3642 attaches to the 8100 Information System via a directly attached ordata-link-attached loop, or through the 3631/3632 Plant Communication
Controller. The 3642 maximum communications line speed is 9600 bps.
The 3642 is designated as a customer setup device.

10-34

IBM 3643 Keyboard Display

The IBM 3643 Keyboard Display is an interactive input/output terminalthat brings display capability to a wide range of industrialized work zones
or offices. It can be used for many applications, including activity
reporting, receiving and inspection, and stores or warehouse control. The
terminal, which consists of three models, can be used interactively with thesystem by the operator, accept operator-entered data, present messages fromthe system, and provide guidance messages for the operator. The definitionof function keys can be selected to reflect plant floor operations. The
keyboard includes lights for indicating terminal status and message waiting
conditions. The display uses an IBM gas panel display technology thatprovides a constant, flicker-free image.
Three models of the 3643 are available:•

Model 2, a 240-character display consisting of six lines of 40 characters
each, using a 7 x 9 dot matrix to form each character.

•

Model 3, a 480-character display consisting of 12 lines of 40 characters
each, using a 7 x 9 dot matrix to form each character.

•

Model 4, a 1024-character display consisting of 16 lines of 64 characters
each, using a 5 x 7 dot matrix to form each character.

Each model has the option of an alphanumeric or expanded alphanumerickeyboard.
A Magnetic Reader Attachment feature is also available for connecting
either a Magnetic Hand Scanner or a Magnetic Slot Reader.

Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-35

For flexibility in meeting varying customer applications, both keyboards
have a combination of engraved and nonengraved keytops. Both preprinted
and blank labels are supplied to tailor the keyboard to the user's
application. Overlays are provided to protect customer-inscribed blanklabels.
The 3643 attaches to the 8100 system via a directly attached or adata-link-attached loop, or through the 3631/3632 Plant Communication
Controller.
The 3643 is designated as a customer setup device.

10-36

IBM 3644 Automatic Data Unit

The IBM 3644 Automatic Data Unit Modell is a terminal that attaches to
the 8100 Information System via the multiuse communications loop toprovide system connection to a variety of distributed sensors, actuators, andproduction and laboratory equipment. The 3644 can collect data from theattached devices on a cyclic or interrupt-driven basis. It can send the data
to the 8100 system directly or examine the data when specific conditions
exist. It can also generate and send responses to the attached devices
without interacting with the 8100 system.

Optional Feature
A Manual I/O feature is available which provides a 22-position display anda 35-position alphanumeric/function keyboard that allows inquiry into dataand status contained in the 3644 internal storage facility when online.
Manual control of the 3644 and inquiry and modification of 3644 data andstatus are possible when offline.
The 3644 attaches to the 8100 Information System via a directly attached ora data-link-attached loop, or through the 3631/3632 Plant Communication
Controllers. The 3644 maximum communications line speed is 9600 bps.

Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-37

IBM 3645 PrinterThe IBM 3645 Printer terminal. is a serial matrix table top printer. It iscapable of printing bidirectionally at 120 characters per second (cps) using
a 94-character set. It has 132 print positions per line with character
spacing of 10 per inch.
The printer accepts up to six-part continuous forms when used with the
Variable Width Forms Tractor. It provides quality printing on single sheets
or on an original and up to three carbon copies of continuous forms. Cutforms with as many as four parts can be used with the standard friction
feed. Maximum forms width is 381 mm (15.0 in.). Card stock forms are notrecommended.
Features include:•

Standard Character Print•

Large Character Print•

Variable Width Forms Tractor•

Separator Bar Tractor

The 3645 attaches to the 8100 Information System via a directly attached ora data-link-attached loop, or through the 3631/3632 Plant Communication
Controller. Its maximum communications speed is 9600 bps.
The 3645 is designated as a customer setup device.

10-38

IBM 3646 Scanner Control Unit with Magnetic Hand
Scanner and Magnetic Slot Reader

The IBM 3646 Scanner Control Unit, Modell, is a dedicated magnetic
attachment device. Two attachment ports are standard with an option of
two additional ports.
One IBM Magnetic Hand Scanner or IBM Magnetic Slot Reader may be
attached to each port. Each attachment port has its own subaddress andoperates independently. The Magnetic Hand Scanner and the Magnetic
Slot Reader are used to read data encoded on a variety of magnetic striped
adhesive labels, tags, plastic cards, or badges.
The Scanner Control Unit can be used at quality control stations, assemblyareas, shipping and receiving docks, piecework control stations, etc.
Operator feedback is provided by three lights and a buzzer on the slot
reader and hand scanner.
The 3646 attaches to the 8100 Information System via a directly attached ordata-link-attached loop, or through the 3631/3632 Plant Communication
Controller. The 3646 maximum communications line speed is 9600 bps.
The 3646 is designated as a customer setup device.

Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-39

IBM 3647 Time and Attendance Terminal

The IBM 3647 Time and Attendance Terminal is designed for attendance
reporting, labor reporting, and other data entry applications. The basic
3647 has a magnetic scanner adapter and a four-digit display which can beused for time of day. The 3647 provides:••

Time-of-Day Clock - the initial time is set under program control andcan be set for a 12- or 24-hour clock, with time displayed in hours andminutes or hours and hundredths of hours.
Input Buffer - an input buffer mode of operation can be selected tostore multiple input messages. This provides a high walkby rate andallows input when the controller, loop, or data link is inoperative. A
no-buffer mode of operation can also be selected to permit interactive
processing on each input message.

•

Invalid Document Code - an invalid code option can be selected whichallows input messages to be checked for the presence of a non-numericcharacter. Input without this character is rejected by the 3647.

•

Time Stamping - a time stamping option can be selected which sends
the displayed time of day with each input message transmitted to thecontroller.

The 3647 attaches to the 8100 system via a directly attached or adata-link-attached loop, or through the 3631/3632 Plant Communication
Controller. It is designated as a customer setup device.

10-40

IBM 3650/3680 Programmable Store System

The IBM 3650 and 3680 Programmable Store Systems are supported by the8100 Information System.
Both the 3650 and 3680 are store-level systems that provide facilities forpoint-of-sale transactions, data entry and inquiry, report printing, andrelated administrative support procedures. The systems are designed forthe retail merchandiser with departmental, area sales, or checkout lane
operations.
For more information, refer to the 3650 or 3680 System Library.

Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-41

IBM 8782 Text Display Station

The IBM 3732 Text Display Station consists of a display and keyboard thatprovide text entry and editing. The 3732 displays all the text charactersthat can be entered at the keyboard. Additional graphic characters are
displayed to denote certain text control functions.
The cathode-ray tube display has an antiglare screen with a diagonal
dimension of 381 mm (15 inches). This display provides 24 lines of 80
characters each, for a total of 1920 characters.
The 3732 attaches to the 8100 Information System through the Display and
Printer Attachment feature of the 8101, 8130 B model and 8140 Band C
models.

10-42

IBM 3736 PrinterThe IBM 3736 Printer is a bidirectional, impact printer that has a printing
speed of up to 55 characters per second. It can print on cut sheets andcontinuous stationery, having a maximum width of 381 millimeters (15inches).
The 3736 can take single sheets, forms, envelopes, and labels if they are
manually loaded, or it can take continuous paper that has these single
items mounted on the paper. It can print up to five carbon copies.
Interchangeable print wheels with pitch settings of 10 or 12 characters per
25.4 millimeters (10 or 12 characters per inch) provide various type styles.
A variable-width forms tractor feature, a paper stacker/tray, and a paper
carrier are available.
The 3736 attaches to the 8100 Information System through the Display and
Printer Attachment feature of the 8101, 8130 B model and 8140 Band C
models.
IBM no longer manufactures this printer.

Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-43

IBM 3750 Switching System (A/FE and E/ME/A Only)

The IBM 3750 is a voice and data communications system designed for use
on customer premises with connection to the public switched and/or leased
telephone network. It attaches to the 8100 Information System through abinary synchronous communications attachment facility.
For more information, refer to the 3750 System Library.

10-44

IBM 3767 Communication Terminal

The 3767 Communication Terminal is a compact, movable, desk top bufferedterminal that can also be used for normal secretarial typing. Printing on
the 3767 is bidirectional for increased throughput.
The 3767, offered in three models with print speeds up to 120 cps, has thefollowing optional features:• Buffer expansion• Security keylock• Magnetic strip reader• Alternate character set• Calculate-scientific
The 3767 is attached to the 8100 Information System via an SDLC data-link
communications facility.
The 3767 is designated as a customer setup device.

Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-45

IBM 3782 Card Attachment Unit with IBM 2502 Card Reader

The IBM 3782 Card Attachment Unit provides facilities for attaching the
IBM 2502 Card Reader or the IBM 3521 Card Punch to the IBM 3289 Model
3 Line Printer. The 3782 Modell attaches the 3521 Card Punch. The 3782
attaches the 2502-A1 Card Reader.

10-46

IBM 3843 Loop Control Unit

The IBM 3843 Loop Control Unit is used to connect the loop to a data link.
The 3843, which requires an external modem, is capable of line speeds of
2400, 4800, and 9600 bps when attached through the appropriate modem.
The 3843 is designated as a customer setup device.

Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-47

IBM 3863 Modem 1200/2400 bps

IBM 3864 Modem 2400/4800 bps

IBM 3865 Modem 4800/9600 bps

10-48

The IBM 3863, 3864, and 3865 are a family of synchronous modems withhalf-speed capability that provide teleprocessing products with themodulation/demodulation function required for transmitting data overcommon-carrier nonswitched voice-grade lines, equivalent privately owned
nonswitched lines, or public switched telephone networks.
Transmission may be full duplex, half duplex, or half speed. Speeds range
from 1200 bps to 9600 bps. The 3863 transmits data at 2400-bps and 1200-bps
half speed. The 3864 transmits data at 4800-bps and 2400-bps half speed. The
3865 transmits data at 9600-bps and 4800-bps half speed. The three modems
can be used with SDLC and BSC.
These microprocessor-based modems enhance communications network
management and network problem determination by providing diagnostic
functions supported by the Network Problem Determination Application(NPDA) program product which provide:•

Probable cause of network errors•

Alert messages on error threshold•

Formatted modem test results

The 3863 and 3864 are available in two models:•Modell - Operates in half-duplex or duplex mode over four-wire
nonswitched duplex facilities on point-to-point, multipoint control, or
multipoint tributary configurations.

•

Model 2 - Operates in half-duplex mode over two-wire switchedtelecommunications networks on a point-to-point configuration.

The 3865 is available in two models:•Modell - Operates in half-duplex or duplex mode over four-wire
nonswitched duplex facilities on point-to-point configuration.

•

Model 2 - Operates in half-duplex mode over four-wire nonswitched
duplex facilities on multipoint control or multipoint tributary
configurations.

The 3863, 3864, and 3865 are designated as customer setup devices.

Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-49IBM 3872 Modem 1200/2400 bps

IBM 3874 Modem 2400/4800 bps

IBM 3875 Modem 3600/7200 bps

10-50

The IBM 3872,3874, and 3875 Modems are a family of synchronous modems
with half-speed capability that provide teleprocessing products with themodulation/demodulation function required for transmitting data overcommon-carrier nons witched voice-grade lines, equivalent privately owned
nonswitched lines, or public switched telephone networks.
These three modems can accommodate configurations which include
point-to-point, multipoint, and switched network operation. The operator
panel controls and indicators allow the operator to quickly localize
problems by carrying out local and end-to-end testing.
Transmission may be full duplex, half duplex, or half speed. Speeds range
from 2400 bps to 7200 bps. The 3872 transmits data at 2400-bps and 1200-bps
half speed. The 3874 transmits data at 4800-bps and 2400-bps half speed. The
3875 transmits data at 7200-bps and 3600-bps half speed. The three modems
can be used with SDLC and BSC.
Optional features include:•

Alternate voice, which provides signaling capability and a socket on theoperator panel to plug in a handset for voice communication.

•

Fan-out, which allows up to three IBM devices to be attached at one
location. It also allows up to three IBM communications controllers or
integrated communications adapters at a central site to share the same
modem for backup purposes.

IBM no longer manufactures the 3874 and 3875 modems.

Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-51

IBM 3976 Modem Modell (A/FE and E/ME/A Only)

IBM 3976 Modem Model 3 (A/FE and E/ME/A Only)
The IBM 3976 Modem is designed for use in World Trade countries. It is afrequency modulation modem, providing serial transmission of binary
information.
The 3976 Modell operates in duplex or half-duplex mode over a two-wire,
nonswitched, telephone line. Its transmission speed is up to 200 bps.
The 3976 Model 3 operates in half-duplex mode over a two-wire, switched,
telephone line or in continuous carrier mode over a four-wire, nonswitched
telephone line. Its transmission speed may be 600 or 1200 bps.

10-52

IBM 4701 Communication Controller

The IBM 4701 Communication Controller Models 1 and 2 are programmablecontrollers for attaching 4700 and 3600 Finance Communication Systemterminals to various hosts, including the 8100 Information System. The
4701 is connected to the 8100 Information System by remote attachment or
direct connection by use of SDLC through 8100 data-link features. This
attachment is supported by DPPX/DSC capability.
The 4701 is designated as a customer setup device, thereby offering thecustomer early availability and terminal relocation flexibility.

Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-53

IBM Series/1

IBM Series/1 is a family of general-purpose computers and input/output
devices. It is modular in design, and all Series/1 units except the printerand the display station fit into a standard 19-inch rack. The system offers
both communications and sensor-based capabilities. The Series/1 units areconnected to the 8100 Information System by remote attachment or directconnection by use of SDLC through 8100 data-link features.

10-54

IBM 5150 and 5160 Personal Computers

The IBM 5150 Personal Computer and the IBM 5160 Personal Computer XT
are small computers that offer a variety of options for tailoring a system tothe user's needs.
The Personal Computers include a system unit (containing the processor)
and may include optional disk or diskette drives, displays, adapters,
printers, and memory expansion.
The two Personal Computers attach to the 8100 system via data link anddirectly attached or data-link-attached loop.

Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-55

IBM 5210 PrinterThe IBM 5210 Printer is a correspondence-quality, bidirectional, desk-top,
printwheel printer. It provides flexibility in paper handling, type styles,
and print speed. The printer attaches to the 8100 system via a directly
attached loop (5210 Models E1 and E2) or a 3274 Control Unit (5210 Models
G1 or G2).
Models E1 and G1 have a rated burst print speed of up to 40 cps using a
10-pitch, 96-character printwheel.
Models E2 and G2 have a rated burst print speed of up to 60 cps using a
10-pitch, 96-character printwheel.

10-56

IBM 5280 Distributed Data System

The IBM 5280 Distributed Data System is a diskette-based system consistingof table-top programmable data stations, floor-standing programmable data
stations, table-top auxiliary data stations, a floor-standing programmablecontrol unit, and printers.
The 5280 attaches through a nonswitched line to an SDLC adapter in the8100 system. The 5280, via its 3270 Emulation feature, appears as a 3274
Control Unit with a 3278 Display Station and a 3287 Modell or 2 Printer.
The 5280 can function as a 3270 terminal on the 8100 to which it isconnected.
The 5280 system is designated as a customer setup device.

Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-57

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IBM 6670 Information Distributor

The IBM 6670 Information Distributor is a printer with communications
capability. The printer consists of a laser head printer, a magnetic card
unit, a communications facility, and a processor. It also serves as aconvenience copier.
The 6670 attaches to the 8100 Information System through the SDLC/EIA
interface either by direct connection or through a data link. The line speed
can be up to 7200 bps.

Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-59IBM 8775 Display Terminal

The IBM 8775 Display Terminal consists of a display unit, its attached
keyboard, and, optionally, a selector light pen and magnetic slot reader.
The 8775 offers such functions as:• Scrolling
partitions• Multiple
Highlighting• Field validation• APL• Programmed symbols•
The 8775 is available in four models: 1, 2, 11, and 12.
Models 1 and 11 offer a screen capacity of 960, 1920, or 2560 display
characters in a 9 x 16 dot character matrix.
Models 2 and 12 offer a screen capacity of 960, 1920, or 2560 display
characters in a 9 x 16 dot character matrix, and 3440 characters in a 9 x 12
dot character matrix.
Models 1 and 2 attach to the 8100 either through a directly attached loop or
through a data-link-attached loop. Models 11 and 12 attach to the 8100 overdata link communications features. The logical structure formats,protocols, and operational sequence used for transmitting data between the8775 and 8100 are defined by the System Network Architecture (SNA).
For more detailed information about the 8775, refer to An Introduction to
the IBM 8775 Display Terminal, GA33-3040.
The 8775 is designated as a customer setup device.

10-60

IBM 8809 Magnetic Tape Unit

The IBM 8809 Magnetic Tape Unit attaches to the 8100 Information Systemthrough a processor or an 8101 or 8102 Storage and I/O Unit. It provides
high-speed save/restore capabilities for DASD and satisfies DB/DCjournaling, tape interchange, and processing requirements for the 8100
system.
The 8809 is a 9-track, reel-to-reel, magnetic tape unit that uses the industry
standard tape density and format for phase-encoded (PE) 1600 bytes per inch
operation. It operates in either 0.3175 meter per second (12.5 ips) start-stop
mode, which provides a 20K bytes per second instantaneous data rate forjournaling and processing, or 2.54 meters per second (100 ips) streaming
mode, which provides a 160K bytes per second instantaneous data rate for
Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-61

save/restore. The 8809 accepts half-inch tape reel sizes of 6.25, 7.0, 8.5, and10.5 inches. However, the 10.5-inch large hub or padded hub for 1200 feet oftape cannot be used on 8809.
The 8809 can also operate with either a 0.6-inch interblock gap (IBG) or a
1.2-inch IBG. The speed and IBG settings are under program control of the8100 system. Tapes written in either mode are identical, and both gap sizes
can be read on other IBM 2400 or 3400 1600-bpi PE tape drives.
Mode can be changed by a command issued from the 8100 system and can bemade at any point on the tape.
In start-stop mode, the 8809 operates the same as current tape products, forexample, starting and stopping within the IBG.
In the streaming mode, the 8809 takes advantage of the fact that large
amounts of data are generally transmitted in load/dump applications.
Therefore, the 8809 maintains tape velocity through the gap, anticipating
the next command. If the next command occurs during the gap crossing
and is functionally consistent with the current tape direction and modesetting, the operation continues without loss of time because of start-stop or
repositioning. If commands from the 8100 system are discontinued or arrive
after the gap crossing (command overrun), the 8809 automatically
repositions the tape for the next command.
The 8809 is available in four models (up to four 8809 units may be attached):•

Model 1A or 1B - The first 8809 in a string of up to four 8809 units.
The 1B has power for itself and for the second 8809 unit. The Model 1A
attaches to an 8140 Processor (B and C models) or to an 8101 or 8102
Storage and I/O Unit. The Model1B attaches to an 8130, 8140, or 8150.

•

Model 2 - The second and fourth drive in a string of 8809 units. It
does not contain power (it receives power from the Modell or Model 3).

•

Model 3 - The third drive in a string of 8809 units. It has its own
power, and supplies power to the fourth tape drive, which is the second
Model 2.

The 8809 has the following characteristics:

10-62

Start-Stop

Streaming• Tape Speed (±5%)

0.3175 m/s(12.5 ips)

2.54 m/s(100 ips)• Data Rate, nominal

20K bytes/sec
bytes/sec

160K• Write access time, nominal

40 ms

295 ms• Read access time, nominal• Half-tape, reel-to-reel, nine-track• Record density: 1600 bytes per inch
• Rewind Speed: 200 ips• Rewind time (2400 feet): 2.6 minutes• Reel capacity: 30 MB (2K blocks)

44ms

295 msIBM 8809 Magnetic Tape Unit Typical Configurations

IBM 8130, 8140,or 8150
Processor(All Models)

IBM B140 Processor(B and C Models)

OR

--

I

IBM 8130.8140, or 8150
Processor(All Models)OR~

Magnetic Tape
Attachment
Feature 4901

IBM 8101/8102 Storage and Input/Output Unit
8101 Models A10.
A208101 Models A11.
A13. A23, A25

Diskette Drive
and Magnetic
Tape Attachment
Feature 1 507

8102 Models
A15. A17

OR

Magnetic Tape
Attachment
Feature 4521

Magnetic Tape
Attachment
Feature 4521

I

I

I

IBM 8809
Model1B-

IBM 8809
Model1A

IBM 8100 System
Multi-Drive
Feature 4920*

-----

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Power

-

IBM 8809

Power

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Model 2Model 2IBM 8809

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Model 2*Required if additional drives(Models 2 and 3) are attached.

Chapter 10. Attachable IBM Devices

10-63This is the end of the technical overview. You may continue with:•Distributed Processing Programming Executive General Information,
GC27-0440

10-64

•

Distributed Processing Programming Executive/System Product General
Information, GC23-0600•

Distributed Processing Control Executive General Information, GC22-9075•

Distributed Office Support Facility General Information, GC27-0546

Glossary
This glossary includes terms and definitions from the

IBM Vocabulary for Data Processing,Telecommunications, and Office Systems, GC20-1699.

ACV. Address control vector.
adapter. In 8100, hardware that is generally required
to transfer data and commands between the processor
and an I/O device.
address control vector (ACV). In 8100, theformatted information used to control dynamic address
relocation (DAR) and the activation of dynamic
address translation (DAT).
address limit. In 8100, the field of an address control
vector (ACV) that designates the maximum logicaladdress in a logical address space. It is used to checkthe validity of a logical address during dynamic
address relocation (DAR).
adjunct register. In 8100, a 32-bit register used asstorage for an address control vector (ACV), an
Exception Block Index (EBI) register, or a protection
key; only the low-order 16 bit positions are available tothe program.
adjunct register set. In 8100, a set of eight adjunctregisters located consecutively in the adjunct registergroup.
A/FE. IBM World Trade Americas/Far East
Corporation.
application program. (1) A program written for orby a user that applies to a particular application. (2)In data communications, a program used to connect
and communicate with terminals in a network,
enabling users to perform application-oriented
activities.
assembler. A computer program for (1) translating
programs expressed in an assembly language into amachine language and (2) linking subroutines.

binary synchronous communications (BSC).
Communications using binary synchronoustransmission, that is, data transmission in which
synchronization of characters is controlled by timing
signals generated at the sending and receiving
stations.
bpi. Bits per inch.
BPI. Bytes per inch.
BSC. Binary synchronous communications.

CCITT. Consultative Committee on International
Telephone and Telegraph
CCITT V.35 feature. In 8100, a feature that allows
devices using the V.35 interface to be attached to thesystem.
channel control vector (CRCV). In 8100, theformatted information that specifies the controllingparameters, such as the channel I/O command, usedduring a channel I/O operation.
channel I/O (CRIO) operation. In 8100, the transfer
of data between main storage and an I/O device. The
operation consists of one or more channel I/O burst
operations.
channel pointer (CRP). In 8100, the principal
register, containing the logical address used during achannel I/O (CHID) operation.
channel request. In 8100, a signal from an adapter
indicating that the adapter is requesting permission tostart a channel I/O (CHID) operation.
channel request priority. In 8100, logic in thesystem control facility (SCF) that establishes thepriority of I/O adapter channel requests according to
one of three priority chains, and to the setting of four
switches on the secondary control facility (SSCF) towhich an adapter is attached.

Glossary

GL-1

CHCV. Channel control vector.
CHIO. Channel I/O operation.

devices to the system by a data link facility rather
than directly by cables. Contrast with directly
attached loop.

communications facility. Anything used oravailable for use in furnishing data communications
service.

Data-phone* Digital Service. A service leased fromBell Telephone to allow the use of their digital dataservice communications facility.

communications ports. A set of hardware
communications features that are dedicated to a single
data channel (data-link or directly attached loop) forthe purpose of receiving data from or transmitting data
to one or more external devices. A port is physically
identified to a two-digit number at the time a FAC isordered for an 8100 unit.

data set. (1) The major unit of data storage andretrieval in the operating system, consisting of acollection of data in one of several prescribedarrangements and described by control information towhich the system has access. (2) (SCI) In data
communications, a combination of data transmission
signaling equipment and a telephone set in one
functional unit. (3) In DPCX, a collection of related
records in a prescribed arrangement and described bycontrol information to which DPCX has access.

condition indicators. In 8100, the four bits in a
program status vector (PSV) that reflect the result of aprevious arithmetic, logical or I/O operation.
configuration. The collection of programs anddevices that make up a particular data processing
system.
control unit. A devioe that controls input/output
operations at one or more devices.
controller. A device that directs the transmission ofdata over the data links of a network; its operation
may be controlled by a program executed in aprocessor to which the controller is connected or it
may be controlled by a program executed in the device.
CSU. Customer setup.

DAT. Dynamic address translation.
data base. A collection of data fundamental to asystem or enterprise.
data circuit terminating equipment (DCE). The
equipment installed at the user's premises thatprovides all the functions required to establish,
maintain, and terminate a connection, and the signal
conversion and coding between the data terminal
equipment (DTE) and the line.
data link. The physical connection and theconnection protocols between units that exchange dataover a communications line.
data-link-attached loop. In 8100, a data
communications transmission loop used to attach I/O

GL-2

data terminal equipment (DTE). The part of a data
station that serves as a data source, data sink, or both,and provides for the data communication control
function according to protocols.
data transmission interface. (SCI) A sharedboundary defined by common physical interconnection
characteristics, signal characteristics, and functional
characteristics of the interchange circuits.
digital data service adapter feature. In 8100, afeature that allows the system to be connected to a
Data-phone* digital service network.
direct access. (ISO) The facility to obtain data froma storage device, or to enter data into a storage device,in such a way that the process depends only on thelocation of that data and not on a reference to datapreviously accessed.
direct connect. In 8100, the attachment of another8100 system, terminal, or other I/O device through aselected communications interface and a limited-length
cable. No modem is required.
directly attached loop. In 8100, a loop that connects
to the loop adapter by cables, rather than through adata-link facility, and allows attachment of a variety of
I/O devices. Contrast with data-Link-attached loop.
disk storage. In 8100, a fixed-disk file that, throughdifferent combinations of head options, can havevariable byte capacities.
diskette drive. In 8100, a generic term for diskette
2D drive.'*Trademark of American Telephone &Telegraph Co.

diskette 1. A generic term for any diskette that is themedium for recording single density information on
one physical side. See IBM Diskette 1.

DOSF. Distributed Office Support Facility.

diskette 2. A generic term for any diskette that is themedium for recording single density information on
both physical sides. See IBM Diskette 2.

DPPX. Distributed Processing Programming
Executive.

diskette 2D. A generic term for any diskette that is
the medium for recording double density information
on both physical sides. See IBM diskette 2D.
diskette 2D drive. In 8100, a diskette drive that canread and write double density information on bothsides of an IBM diskette 2D or equivalent, and single
density information on one side of an IBM diskette 1
or equivalent.
Display and Printer Attachment feature. In 8100,
hardware and control logic that allows the connectionof selected I/O devices to system units by coaxial
cable.
distributed data processing. Data processing inwhich some or all of the processing, storage, control,
input, and output functions are situated in different
places and connected by transmission lines.
Distributed Office Support Facility (DOSF). An
IBM program product for text processing andpaperwork management in the 8100 system. It runs
under the Distributed Processing Control Executive(DPCX) operating system.
Distributed Processing Control Executive(DPCX). An operating system for the 8100 system.
Distributed Processing Programming Executive(DPPX). A comprehensive collection of program
products that make up an operating system for 8100
system hardware. DPPX includes the DPPX Base andother licensed programs that provide programming
languages, application support, and host network
access.
Distributed Processing Programming
Executive/System Product (DPPX/SP). A program
product that schedules and supervises the execution ofprograms written for the 8100 system. Along withassociated program products, DPPX/SP forms aninteractive operating system for running application
programs on 8100 computers.
distributed system. A data processing system inwhich processing, storage, and control functions, inaddition to input and output operations, aredistributed among remote locations.

DPCX. Distributed Processing Control Executive.

DPPX/SP. Distributed Processing Programming
Executive/System Product.
dual program status vectors. In 8100, theassociation of two program status vectors (PSVs) witheach priority level, used to facilitate the definition ofboth an application program and a supervisory
program on a single priority level.
duplex. (1) In data communication, pertaining to asimultaneous two-way independent transmission inboth directions. (2) contrast with half duplex.
dynamic address relocation. In 8100, the mappingof logical storage addresses to relocated storage
addresses.
dynamic address translation (DAT). In 8100, themapping of relocated storage addresses to real storage
addresses.

error correction coding (ECC). Main storage
hardware that corrects all single-bit errors, somedouble-bit errors, and, depending on processor model,
detects multiple bit errors.
EBI. Exception Block Index
EIA. Electronic Industries Association
EIA/CCITT V.24 feature. In 8100, a feature thatallows devices using the EIA/CCITT V.24 interface to
be attached to the system.
E/ME/A. IBM World Trade Europe/Middle
East/Africa Corporation.
Exception Block Index. In 8100, 15 registers, eachassociated with a PSV/ACV pair and used during
dynamic address translation. The EBI is used to store
the block (translation block) index of the address inerror when an access or separation exception occurs
during a main storage operation.
expanded function operator panel. In 8100, a panelthat permits the user to alter, display, and control
various areas of the processor unit and storage.

GlossaryGL-3

external modem. A modem that is separate from theunit with which it operates. Contrast with integrated
modem.

FAC. See Features for Attaching Communications.

hardware. Physical equipment used in dataprocessing, as opposed to computer programs,
procedures, rules, and associated documentation.
Contrast with software.
host (or host computer). The central or controlling
processing unit in a configuration with more than one
processing unit. For the 8100 system, a host is either a4300 system. or System/370.

feature. A specific design addition to an IBM
product, quoted by the IBM sales manual, that can beordered separately.
Features for Attaching Communications (FAC).
A term that designates a type of communications
capability available on the 8100 system. Each type ofcommunications capability (including directly attachedloops) is identified by a two-digit FAC number.
floating-point register. In 8100, a 64-bit register
used for floating point operations.
floating-point register set. In 8100, a set of four
floating-point registers located consecutively in the
floating-point register group.

IBM diskette 1. A flexible diskette that is themedium used to record single density information on
one physical side. Synonymous with diskette 1.
IBM diskette 2. A flexible diskette that is themedium used to record single density information on
both physical sides. Synonymous with diskette 2.
IBM diskette 2D. A flexible diskette that is themedium used to record double density information on
both physical sides. Synonymous with diskette 2D.
ICE. Interrupt Control Element.

floating-point status vector (FSV). In 8100, theformatted information used to allocate floating-point
registers, to control exception masking, to control
precision, and to hold and indicate floating-point checkand program-exception conditions related tofloating-point operations.
FSV. Floating-point status vector.

initial program load (IPL). (1) The initialization
procedure that causes an operating system tocommence operation. (2) The process by which a
configuration image is loaded into storage at the
beginning of a work day or after a system malfunction.
input/output (I/O). (1) Pertaining to a device whoseparts can be performing an input process and an
output process at the same time. (2) Pertaining toeither input or output, or both.
I/O. Input/Output.

general register. In 8100, a 32-bit register, in the
primary or secondary register set, generally used forstorage-address modification and generation,
fixed-point (binary) arithmetic, and logical (boolean)
operations.

half duplex·. (1) In data communication, pertaining
to an alternate, one way at a time, independenttransmission. (2) Contrast with duplex.

*American National Dictionary for Information
Processing

instruction address. In 8100, the logical addressthat is used to fetch an instruction.
integrated modem. A modem that is an integral partof the device with which it operates. Contrast withexternal modem
interface·. A shared boundary. An interface might
be a hardware component to link two devices or it
might be a portion of storage or registers acceRsed by
two or more computer programs.
interrupt request. In 8100, a request for processing
on a particular priority level. It may be generated by
the active program, the processing and control
element, or an I/O device.

10. Input/Output (byte) instruction.

GL-4

I/O. Input/output.
I/O interrupt request vector (IOIRV). In 8100, theformatted information used to generate an interrupt
request generated by an I/O device.
10H. Input/Output (halfword) instruction.
IO!. Input/Output (byte, immediate) instruction.
IOIRV. I/O interrupt request vector.
IPL. Initial program load.

loop. A closed electrical signal path connecting
multiple I/O devices to the system. In the 8100 system,
an arrangement consisting of 8100 Information System
control units and displays connected directly or bydata links to the processor.
loop adapter. In 8100, circuitry that allows devices
using a directly attached loop to communicate with thesystem.
loop station connector (LSC). In 8100, loop
hardware used to attach an I/O unit or a controller toa loop.
loop wiring concentrator (LWC). In 8100, loop
hardware that provides for the attachment of a clusterof I/O units to a loop without having a large number ofdrops on the loop cable.

Kanji. The Japanese pictographic script.

LSC. Loop station connector.

keylock feature. In 8100, a processor feature thatprevents unauthorized system access by means of athree-position, key-operated switch.

LWC. Loop wiring concentrator.

licensed program. Any separately priced programthat bears an IBM copyright and is offered tocustomers under the terms and conditions of theAgreement for IBM Licensed Programs.
line discipline. A set of rules for the orderly transfer
of data from one location to another using
communications facilities. In 8100, the line disciplines
used are synchronous data link control (SDLC), binary
synchronous communications (BSC), and start-stop(SS).
link protocol. The set of rules by which a logical
data link is established, maintained, and terminated,and by which data is transferred across the link. It
includes the format by which it is interpreted in order
to transmit data across the link.
lobe. In 8100, one of two segments of a directly
attached loop.
logical address. In 8100, the storage address that iseither supplied to or by a program during the fetchingand execution of an instruction, or is used in a channel
pointer during a channel I/O (CHIO) operation.
Contrast with relocated address.
logical address space. In 8100, the set of logicaladdresses numbered sequentially from zero to one lessthan the address limit. See also address limit.

magnetic disk. A flat, circular plate with amagnetizable surface layer on which data can be
stored by magnetic recording.
magnetic tape. A tape with a magnetic surface layer
on which data can be stored by magnetic recording.
main storage. Program-addressable orchannel-I/O-addressable storage from which
instructions and other data can be loaded directly into
registers for subsequent execution or processing.
modem* (modulator-demodulator). (1) A device
that modulates and demodulates signals transmitted
over data communications facilities. (2) In 8100, a
modem is required at each end of a data link in an
analog network. After data has been serialized by acontrol device, a modem converts (modulates) the
binary signals to audio-frequency signals fortransmission over communications lines andreconverts (demodulates) the signals at the other end.
multipoint connection. A connection establishedbetween three or more data stations. The connection
may include switching facilities.

* American National Dictionary for Information
Processing

Glossary

GL-5

multispeed clock. In the 8100 system, aspeed·variable feature that allows up to 16
telecommunications lines to be connected to thesystem.

principal register. In 8100, a 32·bit register used as a
general register, as storage for half of a program status
vector (PSV), or for storage of a channel pointer.
principal register group. In 8100, all principal
registers available to the processor.

network. (1) The assembly of equipment throughwhich connections are made between terminal
installations. (2) In data communications, aconfiguration in which two or more terminal
installations are connected. (3) The interconnection ofelectrical components.
node. In 8100, a junction point in a network,
represented by a physical unit.
nonswitched line. A communication line
permanently connecting a local data station to aremote data station. Contrast with switched line.

principal register set. In 8100, a set of eight
principal registers located consecutively in theprincipal register group.
priority level. In 8100, a number ranging from 0 to 7,
that designates a relative precedence among interrupt
requests, such that processing on one level may be
temporarily suspended when an interrupt request is
generated for a level of higher priority (lower number).
processing and control element (PCE). In the 8100
Information System, the part of the processor that
contains the sequencing and processing controls for
instruction execution, interruption control, dynamic
address translation, and other control and processing
functions.
processor. In a computer, a functional unit thatinterprets and executes instructions.
processor storage. See main storage.

operating system. Software that controls theexecution of computer programs and that may provide
scheduling, debugging, input/output control,
accounting, compilation, storage assignment, data
management, and related services.
operator panel (OP). In 8100, a display control panelthat enables the user to input information, display
system status, control powering and IPL, control panel
access, and override normal IPL parameters.

program. (1) A series of actions designed to achievea certain result. (2) Loosely, a routine. (3) (ISO) To
design, write and test computer programs. (4) Loosely,
to write a routine.
program mode (PM). In 8100, the field in a program
status vector (PSV) that controls which instructions
may be executed by the associated program.
program product. A type of licensed program.

PCE. Processing and Control Element.
peer. In network architecture, any functional unitthat is in the same layer as another entity.
PIO. Programmed I/O. See programmed I/O
operations.
point-to-point connection. A connection establishedbetween two data stations for data transmission. The
connection may include switched facilities.
port. (1) A functional unit of a node through whichdata can enter or leave a data network. (2) In DPPX,
the shared boundary between I/O layers. See
communications ports.

GL-6

program status vector (PSV). In 8100, theformatted information used to control the order inwhich instructions are executed, to allocate generalregisters, and to hold and indicate the status of thecentral processing unit in relation to a particular
program.
programmed 1/0 (PIO) operation. The transfer ofdata between the processor and an I/O device as partof the execution of an I/O instruction. The I/O
instruction designates the address of the I/O device,
the command to be performed, and the processor
register location into of from which the data istransferred.
protection key. One of 80 8·bit registers associatedwith a PSV/ACV and CHP/ACV pair and used with the
8·bit translation lock to access addresses within that
2K·byte block. See translation lock.

protocol. In SNA, the meanings of, and thesequencing rules for, requests and responses used for
managing the network, transferring data, andsynchronizing the states of network components.
PSV. Program status vector.

RAS. Reliability, Availability, Serviceability
real address. In 8100, the address of a physical mainstorage location.
register. A storage device, having a specified storage
capacity such as a bit, a byte, or a computer word, andusually intended for a special purpose.
relocated address. In 8100, the address in the PCE
address space that is derived during dynamic address
relocation (DAR) by concatenating the high-order bitsof the address base with the low-order bits of thelogical address.
remote job entry (RJE). Submission of a job
through an input unit that has access to a computer
through a data link.
RJE. Remote job entry.

stand-alone data processing system. A dataprocessing system that is not served bycommunications facilities.
start-stop (SS) transmission. Asynchronoustransmission such that a group of signals representing
a character is preceded by a start element and isfollowed by a stop element.
storage. (1) The action of placing data into a storage
device. (2) The retention of data in a storage device.
(3) A storage device.
subroutine. (1) A sequenced set of statements that
may be used in one or more computer programs and at
one or more points in a computer program. (2) * A
routine that can be part of another routine.
subsystem support program. A generic name forany program that is part of the Subsystem Support
Services. A subsystem support program is executed in
the host system.
switched line. A communication line in which theconnection between a local data station and a remote
data station is established through an exchange by
dialing a telephone set. Contrast with nons witchedline.
synchronous data link control (SDLC). A
discipline for managing synchronous, transparent,
serial-by-bit information transfer over acommunications channel. Transmission exchanges
may be duplex or half-duplex over switched or
nonswitched data links. The communications channel
configuration may be point-to-point, multipoint, or
loop.

SDLC. Synchronous data link control.
SDLC communications feature. In 8100, thisfeature allows system connection to a variety ofdevices that use synchronous data link control (SDLC)
facilities. It also provides for attachment of loop
facilities through the loop adapter.
SNA. Systems Network Architecture.
software. Computer programs, procedures, rules, andpossibly associated documentation concerned with theoperation of a data processing system. Contrast withhardware.
SS. See Start-stop transmission.

system. In data processing, a collection of people,
machines, and methods organized to accomplish a setof specific functions.
systems network architecture (SNA). The total
description of the logical structure, formats, protocols,and operational sequences for transmitting information
units through the communications system.
Communications system functions are separated into
three discrete areas: the application layer, thefunction management layer, and the transmission
subsystem layer. The structure of SNA allows theultimate origins and destinations of information-that
is, the end user-to be independent of, and unaffectedby, the specific communications system services andfacilities used for information exchange.

stand-alone. Pertaining to operations that are
independent of another device, program, or system.

Glossary

GL-7

translation lock. An 8-bit lock associated with each
2K-byte block of logical storage.

user. A person requiring the services of a computer
system.

translation control bit. In 8100, the bit in an
address control vector (ACV) used to activate dynamic
address translation (DAT).
translation table. In 8100, the table that correlates
relocated addresses with real addresses during
dynamic address translation (DAT).
translation-table entry. In 8100, an entry in thetranslation table that contains access control
information and the block address associated with a
2048-byte block of physical main storage.

GL-B

work station. (1) A configuration of input/output
equipment at which an operator works. (2) A station atwhich a person can send data to or receive data from acomputer for the purpose of performing a job.

IndexACV (address control vector) 7-9
address control vector (ACV) 7-9
addressing main storage 7-4
adjunct register sets 7-12
application, program mode 7-10
arithmetic operations 7-6
attachable devices, to the 8100 system
attachment, magnetic tape 8-2

Control Unit
3274 10-15
3631 10-32
3632 10-32
3650 10-41
3680 10-41
4701 10-53
customer setup

1-10

10-1

binary synchronous communications (BSC) 9-3
boundaries, integral 7-4
branching operations 7-7
BSC Programmed Communications 9-3

Card Attachment Unit, 3782 10-46
Card Punch, 3521 10-30
Card Readers2502 10-53501 10-29
channel control vector (CHCV) 7-22
channel I/O (CHIO) 7-22
channel I/O request priority 7-23
channel I/O transfer sequence 7-23
communications, 8100 System 3-4,9-1
communications capabilities 9-1
BSC 9-3
SDLC 9-1
SS 9-5
communications hardware features
8101 6-30
8130 6-18
8140 A and B 6-20
communications highlights 3-4
communications ports features 6-21, 6-24
communications protocols 9-1
communications specify codes 6-26
communications alternatives, with 8100 1-8
compatibility with 3790 4-13

data integrity and security 7-8
data,-link-attached loop 9-7
data link attachments 9-1
data types 7-2
data units, basic unit of information 7-2
direct access storage 8-1
direct connect
3-5
directly attached loop 9-7
disk storage 8-1
diskette storage 8-1
dispatching priority level 7-20
display and printer attachment 3-5, 8-2
Displays
3101 10-73104 10-83178 10-93179 10-103180 10-11
3276 10-163277 10-173278 10-18
3279 10-19
3643 10-35
3732 10-428775 10-60
Displaywriter System 10-58
distributed data, with 8100 1-5
distributed data processing 1-1
distributed functions, with 8100 1-7
Distributed Office Support
Facility (DOSF) 4-11
Distributed Processing Control
Executive (DPCX) 4-9
Distributed Processing Programming
Executive (DPPX) 4-6
Distributed Processing Programming
Executive/System Product (DPPX/SP) 4-1

Index

X-l

dual program status vectors perpriority level 7-20
dynamic address relocation 7-15
dynamic address translation 7-17

enabling and disabling priority level
exception block index (EBI) 7-14

logical 7-6
PCE control 7-8
shift and rotate 7-6
variable-length field 7-6
integral boundaries 7-4
integrity, data 7-8
interconnected processors 2-2
interrupt control element 7-24
I/O, program mode 7-10
7-20

licensed programs 1-11,4-1load and store operations 7-6
load register operations 7-7logical addresses 7-15
logical operations 7-6
loop, data-link-attached 9-7loop, directly attached 9-7
Loop Station Connector (LSC) 9-7
Loop Wiring Concentrator (LWC) 9-7

Finance Communication System, 3600 10-31
floating-point register sets 7-14
floating-point registers 7-3
floating-point status vector (FSV) 7-11

general registers

7-2

hardware highlights 3-1
8101/8102 Storage and Input/Output Units
8130 Processor 3-1, 3-3
8140 Processor 3-1, 3-38150 Processor 3-2, 3-3
host-connected processors 2-3

implementation alternative with 8100 1-9
input/output functions and features 8-1
input/output operations 7-7, 7-21
instruction set 7-5
instruction set, types of operations
arithmetic 7-6
branching 7-7
floating-point 7-8
input/output 7-7, 7-21
load and store 7-6
load register 7-7

X-2

3-4

magnetic hand scanner 10-39
magnetic slot reader 10-39
magnetic tape attachment 8-2
magnetic tape unit, description 10-61
main storage, addressing 7-4
management control with 8100 1-7
master, program mode 7-10
Modems3863 10-48
3864 10-48
3865 10-48
3872 10-50
3874 10-50
3875 10-50
3976 10-52

operands 7-5
operator panels
8101/8102 operator panel 8-6
8130/8140 operator panel 8-4
8140 expanded function operator panel
8150 operator panel 8-5

8-4

Processing and Control Element 7-1
address space 7-15
control 7-20
control operations 7-8
principal register sets 7-11
Printers
3262 10-12
3268 10-13
3283 10-20
3284 10-21
3286 10-223287 10-23
3288 10-25
3289 10-26
3642 10-343645 10-38
3736 10-43
5210 10-56
priority level assignments, programmable 7-24
processing and control element (PCE) 7-1
processor characteristics 7-1
processor description 6-15
8130 6-16
8140 6-18
8150 6-23
processor features, 8130 6-16
optional features, 8130 A Model 6-17
optional features, 8130 B Model 6-17
hardware communications features 6-18
processor features, 8140 6-18
communication ports, 8140 C 6-21
hardware communications 8140 A and B 6-20
8140 A and B 6-19, 6-21
8140 C 6-21
processor features, 8150 6-23, 6-24
communications specify codes 6-24
processor functions 3-2
processor priority levels
dispatching 7-20
dual PSVs per priority level 7-20
enabling and disabling 7-20
processor resources 7-2
processor storage 7-3
Processors
disk files shared 2-4
8130 6-2, 6-16
8140 6-4 to 6-9, 6-18
8150 6-10,6-23
processors, types and models 3-1
program definition 7-8
program environment 7-21
program modes
application mode 7-10
I/O mode 7-10

master mode 7-10
supervisor mode 7-10
program products, DPCX 4-10
program products, DPPX 4-7
program products, DPPX/SP, host support 4-6
program status vector (PSV) 7-10
programmable priority level assignments 7-20
programmed I/O (PIO) 7-21
programming highlights 4-1
protection, storage access 7-19
protocols, communications 9-1

register storage organization
adjunct register sets 7-11
exception block index 7-14
floating-point register sets 7-14
principal register sets 7-11
related publications iv
relationship to other systems
host-connected processors 2-3
interconnected processors 2-2
processors sharing disk files 2-4
stand-alone 2-1
reliability 5-1
Reliability, Availability, Serviceability (RAS)
hardware 5-1
network 5-3
programming 5-2

security, data 7-8
separation protection 7-19
Series/l 10-54
serviceability 5-1
shift and rotate operations 7-6
stand-alone system 2-1
start-stop (SS) 9-5
storagedisk 8-1
diskette 8-1
processor 3-3
storage access protection 7-19
storage and input/output unit features 6-27
additional features, 8101 6-29
hardware communications features, 8101 6-30
8101 Models AlO, All, A13 6-28
8101 Models A20, A23, A25 6-28
8102 A models 6-30
storage and input/output units, 8101 and 8102 6-27
storage control 7-14
dynamic address relocation 7-15
dynamic address translation 7-17
Index

X-3

logical addresses 7-15
PCE address space 7-15
separation protection (8150 only) 7-19
storage access protection 7-19
supervisor, program mode 7-10
Switching System, 3750 10-44
synchronous data link control (SDLC) 9-1
system management of the 8100 1-10
Systems Network Architecture (SNA) 1-8

3104
3641
3643
3644
3647
3732
3767
8775

10-8
10-33
10-35
10-37
10-40
10-42
10-45
10-60

variable-length field operations
tape attachment, magnetic
Tape Unit, Magnetic, 8809
Terminals
2741 10-63101 10-7

X-4

8-2
10-61

7-6

READER'SCOMMENTFORM

An Introduction to the
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