ENRI International Workshop on ATM/CNS (EIWAC)
Tokyo, Japan

Trajectory Management for
Aircraft Noise Mitigation
Xavier Prats
xavier.prats@upc.edu
6th March 2009

Technical University of Catalonia

Technical University of Catalonia

Introduction●

Increasing air traffic demand●

Increasing population around airports

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Xavier PratsIntroduction

Technical University of Catalonia●

Aircraft noise reduction• Source (aircraft)• Propagation (trajectory)• Receiver (population)
Noise Abatement
Procedures (NAPs)
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Xavier Prats

Noise Abatement ProceduresTechnical University of Catalonia●Lateral Trajectory Management• Noise Preferential Routings (NPRs)
RNAV●Vertical Trajectory Management• Arrival/approach strategies• Depart strategies
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Xavier PratsRNAV concept
Technical University of Catalonia

RNAV = Area Navigation●A method of navigation which permits aircraft
operation on any desired flight path within thecoverage of station-referenced navigation
aids, or a combination of these.

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Xavier PratsRNAV system
Technical University of Catalonia

RNAVnavigation

DME/DME

GNSS

VOR/DME(with augmentationsystem)

INS/IRS(Loran C)

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FMS + DB
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Xavier PratsTechnical University of Catalonia

RNAV procedures●●Fly-Over waypoints

With RNAV the aircraftflies according to the database not the charts!!!

Fly-by waypoints

WAYPOINTS + PATH andTERINATORS

Fly-overNo leadradials

Fly-byENRI International Workshop on ATM/CNS (EIWAC)
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Xavier PratsTechnical University of Catalonia

RNAV Path and Terminators●

Transform procedures into coded flight path●

How to navigate from a starting point/location to aterminating point/condition
Example:TF: Track between Fixes

TF
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Xavier PratsTechnical University of Catalonia

RNAV Path and Terminators●

Transform procedures into coded flight path●

How to navigate from a starting point/location to aterminating point/condition
Example:
DF: Direct to a Fix

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Xavier PratsTechnical University of Catalonia

RNAV Path and Terminators●

Transform procedures into coded flight path●

How to navigate from a starting point/location to aterminating point/condition
Example:
CF: Course to a Fix
77oCFENRI International Workshop on ATM/CNS (EIWAC)
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Xavier PratsTechnical University of Catalonia

RNAV Path and Terminators●Transform procedures into coded flight path

●How to navigate from a starting point/location to aterminating point/condition
Example:
RF: Radius to a Fix

RRFENRI International Workshop on ATM/CNS (EIWAC)
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Xavier PratsTechnical University of Catalonia

RNAV Path and Terminators
Track Dispersion

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Xavier PratsTechnical University of Catalonia

RNAV Path and Terminators
Track Dispersion

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Xavier PratsRNAV and NAPs
Technical University of Catalonia●

RNAV is a major enabler for new and efficient noiseabatement procedures.

●

There is still some track dispersion in Fly-by or FlyOver turns. Aircraft determine turn path on a “adhoc” basis (highly FMS dependant)●

Much higher accuracy throughout the turn whenusing Radius to Fix (RF) path terminator

RF leg:- recommended function P-RNAV equipment- requirement for future RNP 1 equipment
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Xavier PratsTechnical University of Catalonia

RNAV and NAPs

Conventional

RNAVNavigation

Navigation

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Xavier PratsTechnical University of Catalonia

RNAV and NAPs

All aircraft

RNAV + RF equipped
aircraftCourtesy of Theo van de Ven (KLM)
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Xavier PratsTechnical University of Catalonia

RNAV and NAPs

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Xavier Prats

Noise Abatement ProceduresTechnical University of Catalonia●Lateral Trajectory Management• Noise Preferential Routings (NPRs)●

Vertical Trajectory Management• Arrival/approach strategies• Depart strategies
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Xavier PratsTechnical University of Catalonia

Arrival/Approach strategies●Low Drag-Low Power (LDLP) approach●

Higher ILS interception altitude●Higher ILS glide-slope angle●Dual landing thresholds●

Continuous Descend Approach (CDA)●

Three Degree Descelerating Approach (TDDA)
Compromise vs. airport andTMA CAPACITYENRI International Workshop on ATM/CNS (EIWAC)
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Xavier PratsTechnical University of Catalonia

Depart strategies●Thrust cut-out●

Reduced thrust take-offs●

Different climbing (airspeed) profiles

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Xavier PratsTechnical University of Catalonia

Optimisation of NAPs?
●Generic Procedures forspecific problems●Local sub-optimal solutions●Noise annoyance partiallyassessed

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Xavier PratsTechnical University of Catalonia

NAPs optimisation framework

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Xavier PratsTechnical University of Catalonia

Fuzzy logic annoyance model

ResidentialZone
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Xavier PratsTechnical University of CataloniaFuzzy logic annoyance model

Residential Zone
SchoolENRI International Workshop on ATM/CNS (EIWAC)
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Xavier PratsTechnical University of Catalonia

Fuzzy logic annoyance model

Industrial zone
Hospital
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Xavier PratsTrajectory optimisation
Technical University of Catalonia●Several noise annoyance values:• Hospital• Industrial Zone
• Residential Zone
• SchoolAHAIARA

Minimize AH, AI, AR, AS ??
Multiobjective optimization
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Xavier PratsTechnical University of Catalonia

Multiobjective optimization“Average” trajectory

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“Fair” trajectory

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Xavier PratsTechnical University of Catalonia

Multiobjective optimization

Wheighted trajectory

Egalitarian principle:“Fair” trajectory

the system is no betteroff than its worse-off
individual
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Xavier PratsTechnical University of Catalonia

Application example
Girona (LEGE)
international airport
Airbus A340-600
departure
Hospitals(Annoyance < 0.25)
Residential
Industrial zones
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Xavier PratsTechnical University of Catalonia

Application example
Girona (LEGE)
international airport
Airbus A340-600
departure
04 am
10 am

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Xavier Prats

Conclusions
Technical University of Catalonia• RNAV and RNP are major enablers for
efficient Noise Abatement Procedures• Trajectory multi-objective optimisation
problem to be solved• Noise annoyance can be taken into accountby using a fuzzy logic model• Egalitarian principle for noise abatement
multi criteria optimisation

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Xavier PratsTechnical University of Catalonia

Thank you!

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Xavier Prats