Building the
New Economy of Movement

RECHARGEABLEBATTERY IDENTIFICATION NUMBERTECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSMOBI BIN0001/TS/2022 Version 1.2

Mobility Open Blockchain Initiative
DRIVES Program
July 2022© 2022 Mobility Open Blockchain Initiative. All rights reserved.

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this License, without any additional terms or conditions. Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONSINTRODUCTION
The Mobility Open Blockchain Initiative is a nonprofit alliance of many of the world’s
largest vehicle manufacturers, startups, governments/transit agencies, NGOs,
financial institutions, e-mobility providers, consultancies, suppliers, logistics providers,and blockchain protocols working to create standards and build the Web3 digital
infrastructure for connected vehicles and IoT commerce.
MOBI and its members are creating simple blockchain-based standards to identify
vehicles, people, businesses, and MOBI Trusted Trips to enable Web3 transactions
with the goal of making transportation more efficient, equitable, decentralized, andsustainable. MOBI itself is technology and vendor agnostic.

AUTHOR•

Yasuhiro Nakayama, Aucnet•

Haruobu Ohmae, ITOCHU•

Rajat Rajbhandari, PhD, MOBI•REVIEWERS••

Roger Berg, DENSO••

Garrett Graham, Accenture•

Christian Koebel, Honda•

Xiaoliang Zhu, Hitachi

•

•
•
•
•
•

Alex Choo, ASJade•

Toru Kimura, Honda•

Pramita Mitra, Ford•••CONTRIBUTORS••

Praveen Abbaraju, Hitachi•

Alan Gordon, Ford•

Loren Adams, Accenture•

Kumara Guru, Blockedge

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Ashish Acharya, Ford

Alessandro Arciero, Henshin
Group

Daniel Bachenheimer, Accenture
Patrick Bartsch, AWS

Massimo Belluz, Henshin Group
Roger Berg, DENSO

Manuel Bolsinger, BMW

Emmanuel Bulti, Accenture
Zac Burt, Aucnet

Joshua Cartellone, Accenture
Mike Casey, GM

Raullen Chai, IoTeX
Alex Choo, ASJade

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Leonard Dorloechter, Peaq•

Aaron Fong, Honda•

Xinxin Fan, IoTeX

Sanshiro Fukao, ITOCHU•••

Richard Nolk, CEVT
Larry Pang, IoTeX

Dean Philips, AWS

Derek Pierre, Nucypher
Eric Pilat, Cara7

Yoshihide Sakai, ITOCHUPeter Schiekofer, Reply
Mark Shih, ASJade

Raj Srinivas, Blockedge
Sudha Sriram, Ford

Suresh Sundararaj, Ford
Ryan Tabibian, CarIQLong Tran, AWS

Xiaoliang Zhu, Hitachi

Garret Graham, Accenture
Arjun Hassard, Nucypher

MOBI TEAM

Martina Huelz, BMW•

Tram Vo, Director + Founder

Toru Kimura, Honda•

Betul Kahya, Fellow

Christian Koebel, Honda•

Christian Koetschan, Reply•

Subrata Kundu, Hitachi•

Yoji Kawanishi, ITOCHU•

Johannes Klepsch, BMW•

Jonathan Koester, Peaq•

Karthik Krishnamurthy, AWS•

Rajat Rajbhandari, Working Groups Lead
Matt Shi, Fellow

Nick Sokol, Fellow

Griffin Haskins, Fellow

Grace Pulliam, Communications Manager
Alexis Terry, Digital Media Associate
Chris Ballinger, Advisor + Founder

Phebe Lu, ASJade

Domenico Mangiacapra, HenshinGroup

Piyush Manocha, Accenture
Akhilesh Mishra, GM

Hiroaki Murase, ITOCHU
Heiko Musa, BMW

CONTACT
info@dlt.mobi

TABLE OF
CONTENTS
01

Executive Summary

03

Glossary of Terms

					
04

Requirements		05

Composition of a BIN• Battery Manufacturer Identifier (BMI)• Battery Descriptor Section (BDS)• Battery Identifier Section (BIS)• BIN Coding Structure		

14Bibliography

EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY

A Borland Electric Model car from the early 20th century. Wikimedia Commons, CC BY

MOBI BIN0003/TS/2022 Version 1.0

The intent of the BIN is to facilitate:•battery identification information retrieval•

accurate and efficient battery recall campaigns•

global battery passport•

traceability to battery component supply chain•

recycling certification•

battery swapping•

peer-to-peer battery energy sharing•

life cycle traceability

The Rechargeable Battery Identification Number Standard is integral to the MOBI
Battery Initiative, which combines stakeholder efforts to create a comprehensive,
CARB-compliant framework for an industry-wide secure data management system

This standard
specifies the format,
content, and physicalrequirements for anindelible/imprinted
globally uniquerechargeable battery
identification (BIN)system, similar to
Vehicle Identification(VIN) for vehicles.

Trusted multiparty track-and-trace systems are neededto effectively manage assets in the value chain,enhance interoperability between stakeholders, andempower consumers to make informed purchasingthat can be used to improve the visibility and sustainability of the global battery value
chain. The aim is to facilitate seamless communication in production management,
maintenance and repair, safety, second and third life uses, and recycling, while
meeting consumer and regulatory demands.

decisions with confidence. This can be accomplished by
imbuing each asset with a unique, machine-readable
identity which would connect the physical asset to its
tamper-resistant Web3 identity on the blockchain, as
peer-to-peer traceability requires that all participantsreference a standardized framework for identifying
assets as they travel upstream and downstream thevalue chain.
This standard specifies the format, content, and physicalrequirements for an indelible/imprinted globally uniquerechargeable battery identification (BIN) system, similar
to Vehicle Identification (VIN) for vehicles.

1© 2022 Mobility Open Blockchain Initiative. All rights reserved.

© 2022 Mobility Open Blockchain Initiative. All rights reserved.

2

MOBI BIN0003/TS/2022 Version 1.0

GLOSSARY
of TERMSREQUIREMENTS•

The BIN shall apply to all types of rechargeable batteries with internal storage
including Lead Acid, Ni-Cd, Ni-MH, Li-Io, and other future battery types of over 2
kWh total energy.

For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions shall apply:
Battery

Battery Pack

Any source of electrical energy generated by directconversion of chemical energy and consisting of one ormore non-rechargeable or rechargeable battery cells
or of groups of them.

Material which reacts chemically to produce electricenergy when the battery cell discharges.

Rechargeable Battery

A battery that is designed to be electrically recharged.

Battery with Internal
StorageA battery with no attached external devices to store
energy.

Industrial Battery

Any battery designed for industrial uses and any otherbattery excluding portable batteries, electric vehicle
batteries and automotive batteries.

Battery Capacity

3

A measure of the general condition of a rechargeable
battery and its ability to deliver the specified performancecompared with its initial condition.
Measured in Amp-hour (Ah), battery capacity is definedas the amount of current that a battery can deliver for 1
hour before the battery voltage reaches the end-of-life
point.

© 2022 Mobility Open Blockchain Initiative. All rights reserved.

Each battery manufactured shall have a BIN that is assigned by the producer ofthe battery.

•

Each BIN shall consist of seventeen (17) characters.

•

BINs manufactured within a 60-year period beginning with the 2021 model year
shall not be identical.

•

The BIN of each battery pack shall appear clearly and indelibly upon either a partof the battery pack, other than the glazing, that is not designed to be removed

Batteries or groups of cells that are connected and/or
encapsulated within an outer casing so as to form acomplete unit ready for use.

Active Materials

State of Health(SOH)•except for repair or upon a separate plate or label that is permanently affixed
to such a part.
•

The BIN shall be in a clearly visible and accessible position. The location shall bechosen in a way that it cannot be obliterated or deteriorate.

•

The BIN shall be readable, without moving any part of the housing, throughthe vehicle glazing under daylight lighting conditions by an observer having
20/20 vision whose eyepoint is located outside the vehicle adjacent to the left
windshield pillar.

•

Each character in the BIN subject to this paragraph shall have a minimum heightof 4 mm.

•

Each character in each BIN shall be one of the letters in the set:
[ABCDEFGHJKLMNPRSTUVWXYZ] or a numeral in the set: [123456789].

•

All spaces provided for in the BIN must be occupied by a character specified inparagraph (11) of this section, with no spaces between characters.

•

The typeface utilized for each BIN shall consist of capitalized Sans Serif characters.

•

Any change in attributes of the BIN due to recycling and repurposing shall resultin a new BIN by the same or a new manufacturer.

© 2022 Mobility Open Blockchain Initiative. All rights reserved.

4

MOBI BIN0003/TS/2022 Version 1.0

COMPOSITION
of a BIN

Battery Manufacturer Identifier (BMI)
The BIN shall consist of three sections:•

Battery Manufacturer Identifier (BMI) as defined by the SAE/ISO3780;»•

Battery Descriptor section (BDS);»•

Region, country of origin, and manufacturer code
Attributes of the battery

Battery Identifier Section (BIS);»

Year of placing in the market»

Plant code (assigned by the manufacturer)»

Sequential alphanumeric (assigned by the manufacturer)

Composition of a BIN

The BMI shall be
the first sectionof the BIN andshall consist of
three characters
pre-assignedby the nationalorganization of thecountry in which the
manufacturer has
its headquarters/
manufacturing
facility.

The BMI shall be the first section of the BIN and shall consist of
three characters pre-assigned by the national organization of
the country in which the manufacturer has its headquarters/
manufacturing facility. The assignment of BMI will be doneby MOBI and will be structured as described below:
The first three characters uniquely identify the manufacturerof the battery pack using the BMI code. MOBI will assign the
BMI code for the manufacturers. The assignment of region andcountry codes has been designed similarly to that of the VIN.
The first character of the BMI typically represents the regionin which the manufacturer is located. The second characteris assigned to a country. The third digit represents the
manufacturer.
However, there are exceptions. For example, manufacturers

Battery

Battery

Battery

Manufacturer

Descriptor

Identifier

Identifier (BMI)

Section (BDS)

Section (BIS)

in countries like the US, Japan, and China do not have region
codes. In such cases, the second digit will be 0.
In the notation below, assume that letters precede numbers
and that zero is the last number. For example, 8X–82 denotes
the range [8X, 8Y, 8Z, 81, 82], excluding 80.

5© 2022 Mobility Open Blockchain Initiative. All rights reserved.

© 2022 Mobility Open Blockchain Initiative. All rights reserved.

6

MOBI BIN0003/TS/2022 Version 1.0

A-H
AfricaJ-R
Asia

AA-AH South Africa

J Japan

AJ-AN Côte d’Ivoire KA-KE Sri Lanka

S-Z
EuropeSA-SM United
Kingdom

1-5, 7F-50
North America

6-7E
Oceania

1, 4, 5 or
7F-70 United States

6 Australia

SN-ST Germany(formerly East
Germany)

2 Canada

7A-7E New
Zealand

8-9
South America
8A-8E Argentina

8F-8K Chile

A-H
Africa

J-R
Asia

S-Z
EuropeFF-FK Nigeria

PU-P0 unassigned

VS-VW Spain

FL-F0 unassigned

RA-RE United ArabEmirates

VX-V2 Serbia

GA-G0 unassigned

RF-RK Taiwan

V3-V5 Croatia

HA-H0 unassigned

RL-RP Vietnam

V6-V0 Estonia

RS-RT Saudi
ArabiaW Germany (formerlyWest Germany)

R1-R7 Hongkong

XA-XE Bulgaria

AP-A0 unassigned

KF-KK Israel

SU-SZ Poland

3A-3X Mexico

8L-8R Ecuador

AR-AL Algeria

KL-KR Korea(South)S1-S2 Latvia

3Y-37 Costa Rica

8S-8W Peru

BA-BE Angola

KS-KT Jordan

S3 Georgia

38-39 Cayman
Islands

8X-82 Venezuela

BF-BK Kenya

L China (Mainland)

S4 Iceland

30 unassigned

82-82 Bolivia

BL-BR Tanzania

MA-ME, MY-M0
India

S5-S0 unassigned

83-80 unassigned

BU Uganda

MF-MK Indonesia

TA-TH Switzerland

9A-9E Brazil

BS-B0 unassigned

ML-MR Thailand

TJ-TP Czech Republic

9F-9K Colombia

CA-CE BeninMS Myanmar

TR-TV Hungary

9L-9R Paraguay

CF-CK
Madagascar

MU Mongolia

TW-T2 Portugal

9S-9W Uruguay

CL-CR Tunisia

MX Kazakhstan

T3-T0 unassigned

9X-92 Trinidad &TobagoYF-YK Finland

CS-C0 unassigned

NA-NE IranUA-UG unassigned

93–99 Brazil

YL-YR Malta

DA-DE Egypt

NF-NK Pakistan

UH-UM Denmark

90 unassigned

DF-DK Morocco

NL-NR Turkey

UN-UT Ireland

1-5, 7F-50
North America

6-7E
Oceania8-9South America

XF-XK Greece
XL-XR Netherlands
XS-XW Russia (former
USSR)
XX-XY Luxembourg
XZ-X0 Russia
YA-YE Belgium

YS-YW Sweden
YX-Y2 Norway
Y3-Y5 Belarus

DL-DR Zambia

NS-NT Uzbekistan

UU-UZ Romania

DS-D0 unassigned

NU-N0 unassigned

U1-U4 North
Macedonia

EA-EE Ethiopia

PA-PE Philippines

U5-U7 Slovakia

EF-EK Mozambique

PF-PK Singapore

U8-U0 Bosnia andHerzegovina

ZX-ZZ Slovenia

EL-E0 unassigned

PL-PR Malaysia

VA-VE Austria

Z3-Z5 Lithuania

FA-FE Ghana

PS-PT Bangladesh

VF-VR France

Z6-Z0 Russia

7© 2022 Mobility Open Blockchain Initiative. All rights reserved.

Y6-Y0 UkraineZA-ZU Italy
ZV-ZW unassigned© 2022 Mobility Open Blockchain Initiative. All rights reserved.

8

MOBI BIN0003/TS/2022 Version 1.0

Battery Descriptor Section (BDS)The BDS shall be thesecond section of the
BIN and shall consistof six characters. Thissection shall identify
the general attributesof the battery.

BIN Coding Structure

The BDS shall be the second section of the BIN andshall consist of six characters (alphabetical or

For a battery pack:numerical, at the manufacturer’s discretion). If the
manufacturer does not use one or more of thesecharacter spaces, the unused spaces shall be filled
by alphabetical or numerical characters of the
manufacturer’s choice. This section shall identify
the general attributes of the battery. The coding
and sequence of this section are determined by
the battery manufacturer.

Battery Identifier Section (BIS)

1

2
BMI

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

Plant sequential #Plant CodeManufacture year
For future use
Number of modules

The BIS shall be thethird and final sectionof the BIN and shallconsist of eightcharacters. If the

manufacturer chooses
to designate year and/or plant in this section,
it is recommended
that the year beindicated by the firstcharacter of the BIS
and the manufacturing
plant by the second
character.

9

The BIS shall be the third and final section of the
BIN and shall consist of eight characters. If the
manufacturer chooses to designate year and/or
plant in this section, it is recommended that the year
be indicated by the first character of the BIS and the
manufacturing plant by the second character. The
recommended code to be used when designating year
is indicated in Table 1. In the case of a manufacturer

Weight class
Nominal voltage
Nominal capacity
Type of rechargeable battery

producing fewer than 999 batteries per year, thethird, fourth, and fifth characters of the BIS shallbe assigned by the national organization (seeISO 3780:2009, 4.2) and shall identify the specificmanufacturer.

© 2022 Mobility Open Blockchain Initiative. All rights reserved.

© 2022 Mobility Open Blockchain Initiative. All rights reserved.

10

MOBI BIN0003/TS/2022 Version 1.0

Code for nominal capacity class of battery pack:

Code for rechargeable battery types:
Type

Code

Type

Code

Type

Code

Capacity class (Kwh)

CodeLead Acid

1

??

7

??

D

< 2 (Hybrid)

1

Ni-Cd

2

??

8

??

E

2 - 20 (Plug in Hybrid)

2

Ni-MH

3

??

9

??

F

21 - 303Li-lo-type1

4

??

A

??

G

Li-io-type2

5

??

B

??

H

31 - 100 (EV)

4

??

6

??

C

??

I

> 100 (EV)5
6
7

Code for nominal voltage class of battery pack:

Code for number of modules:

Voltage class (V)

Code

< 100

1

100 - 200 (Hybrid, Plug In Hybrid)2

201 - 4003

401 - 800 (EV)

4

> 800

5
6
7

11

© 2022 Mobility Open Blockchain Initiative. All rights reserved.

Number of Modules

Code

<2

1

2-4

2

5-8

3

9 - 16

4

> 16

5
6
7

© 2022 Mobility Open Blockchain Initiative. All rights reserved.

12

MOBI BIN0003/TS/2022 Version 1.0

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Code for weight range of battery pack:

Weight class (Kg)Code

< 100011000 - 1400

21401 - 1800

31801 - 2200

4

> 22005
6
7

Characters used for designating the year:
Characters used provided is consistent with the VIN spec from both NHTSA and ISO
3779

Year

Code

Year

Code

“Part 565 - VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN) REQUIREMENTS” Code of Federal

2021

M

2030

Y

Requirements (2017). https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-V/

2022

N

2031

1

2023

P

2032

2

Road Vehicles - Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) - Content and Structure. 4th

2024

R

2033

3

ed., International Organization for Standardization, 2009.

2025

S

2034

4

2026

T

2035

5

2027

V

2036

6

2028

W

2037

7

2029

X

2038

8

part-565.

I, O, Q, U, Z, and 0 are not used to codify the year.
13© 2022 Mobility Open Blockchain Initiative. All rights reserved.

© 2022 Mobility Open Blockchain Initiative. All rights reserved.

14