The Journal of Poultry Science
Instructions for Authors(Revised in September 16, 2021)

Aims and Scope

The Journal of Poultry Science (JPS) publishes importantoriginal research and invited reviews on all aspects of poultry
science. An official publication of the Japan Poultry Science
Association, JPS is an international, peer reviewed, Open
Access journal. Articles report on fundamental and appliedresearch in the areas of breeding and genetics, reproduction,
nutrition and feed, anatomy and histology, general physiology,
environment and hygiene, and processing and products. Articles typically investigate domestic fowl, but the journal welcomes research on wild birds that addresses fundamental
questions in the field of poultry science.
JPS is published quarterly in print and continuously online.
The journal is read and used by a large global audience of
researchers, policy makers, and applied practitioners.

Manuscript Types

The journal welcomes three manuscript types, all of which
are subject to peer review.
Full Papers
Full Papers present the most common form of articles published in the journal. They describe novel results of experiments undertaken in order to examine a novel hypothesis. The
relevant background, experimental designs and methods, results and discussion should be cogently presented and structured.

Before submitting a manuscript to the journal, authors mustensure that they have read and complied with the journal’s
policies. The journal reserves the right to reject without review, or retract, any manuscript that the Editor believes may
not comply with these policies.
The responsibilities of the journal’s authors, editors, reviewers and publisher regarding research and publication ethics
are described in full below.
Submission to the journal implies that the manuscript has notbeen previously published (in part or in whole, in any language), is not in press, and is not under consideration for
publication elsewhere.
Authors must inform the editors if any related manuscripts
are under consideration, in press or published elsewhere. The
availability of a manuscript on a publicly accessible preprint
server does not constitute prior publication (see ‘Preprints’).
If authors choose to submit their manuscript elsewhere
before a final decision has been made on its suitability for
publication in JPS, they should first withdraw it from thejournal.
Submission
JPS welcomes manuscript submissions from authors based
anywhere in the world.
Submission of a manuscript to the journal implies that all
authors: have approved it, warrant it is factual, have agreed toits submission, and have the rights to publish it.

Research Notes
Research Notes are brief articles describing novel, often
unexpected or unexplained experimental results that deserve
immediate publication. The relevant background, experimental designs and methods, results and discussion should becogently presented and structured in compact. The length of
Research Notes should not exceed 3500 words with 1-2 figures
or tables.

Originality
Submission to the journal implies that the manuscript isoriginal work. The journal uses Crossref’s Similarity Checkplagiarism software to screen all accepted manuscripts forunoriginal content. By submitting a manuscript to the journal,
authors agree to this screening. Any manuscript with an unacceptable level of unoriginal material may be rejected or retracted at the Editors’ discretion.

Reviews
The contributors of review articles are invited based on therecommendations of the Editorial Board. Reviews present
novel or unique overviews of recent or important developmentsin the field and must be insightful and must address thequestion(s) of interest using appropriate and fully presented
evidence. The journal also welcomes proposals from interested authors, who should contact the Editor-in-Chief.

Preprints
To support the wide dissemination of research, the journal
encourages authors to post their research manuscripts oncommunity-recognized preprint servers, either before or alongside submission to the journal. This policy applies only to theoriginal version of a manuscript that describes primary research. Any version of a manuscript that has been revised in
response to reviewers’ comments, accepted for publication or
published in the journal should not be posted on a preprint
server. Instead, forward links to the published manuscript may
be posted on the preprint server.
Authors should retain copyright in their work when posting
to a preprint server.

Journal & Ethics Policies

The journal supports and adheres to the guidelines and bestpractices including the Recommendations for the Conduct,
Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in
Medical Journals by the International Committee of Medical
Journals Editors (ICMJE), as well as the Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing (http://doaj.
org/bestpractice). For further guidance on ethical practices
and procedures guidelines, refer to the ICMJE Recommendations linked to above.

Scooping
When assessing the novelty of a manuscript submitted to thejournal, the editors will not be influenced by other manuscriptsthat are posted on community-recognized preprint servers after
the date of submission to JPS (or after the date of posting on a

preprint server, if the manuscript is submitted to the journal
within 4 months).
Authorship
Submission to the journal implies that all authors have seen
and approved the author list. Changes to the author list after
manuscript submission ‒ such as the insertion or removal of
author names, or a rearrangement of author order ‒ must be
approved by all authors and the editor.
Authors are encouraged to consider the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) Recommendations
on ‘Defining the Role of Authors and Contributors’. The
ICMJE recommends that authorship is based on four criteria:
making a substantial contribution to the conception or designof the work, or the acquisition, analysis or interpretation of data
for the work; drafting the manuscript or revising it critically forimportant intellectual content; approving the final version of
the manuscript for publication; and agreeing to be held accountable for all aspects of the work. Any contributor who has
met all four criteria should be an author on the manuscript.
Contributors who do not meet all four criteria should not be
authors of the manuscript but may be included in the Acknowledgements section instead.
Image integrity
Authors may digitally manipulate or process images, but
only if the adjustments are kept to a minimum, are applied tothe entire image, meet community standards, and are clearly
described in the manuscript. All images in a manuscript must
accurately reflect the original data on which they are based.
Authors must not move, remove, add or enhance individual
parts of an image. The editors reserve the right to request
original, unprocessed images from the authors. Failure toprovide requested images may result in a manuscript being
rejected or retracted.
Reproducing copyrighted material
If a manuscript includes material that is not under theauthors’ own copyright, the authors must obtain permission
from the copyright holder(s) to reproduce it.
If a manuscript includes previously published material, theauthors must obtain permission from the copyright owners andthe publisher of the original work to reproduce it. The authors
must cite the original work in their manuscript.
Copies of all reproduction permissions must be included
with the manuscript when it is first submitted.
Availability of data and materials
Authors must disclose the source of publicly available data
and materials, such as public repositories or commercial manufacturers, by including accession numbers or company details
in their manuscript, as appropriate.
Authors may make their own data and materials available in
Supplementary Material, or by linking from their manuscript torelevant community-recognized public databases or digital
repositories. All data sets must be made available in full to theeditors and reviewers during the peer review process, and must
be made publicly available by the date of publication. Authors
commit to preserving their data sets for at least three years
from the date of publication in the journal.

The journal encourages authors to grant reasonable requests
from colleagues to share any data, materials and experimental
protocols described in their manuscript.
Animal/human experimentation
Any study or report on human subjects or materials ofhuman origin, must comply with the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki and its revisions.
Authors must make it clear that experiments were conductedin a manner that avoided unnecessary discomfort to the animals
through the use of proper management and laboratory techniques. Experiments shall be conducted in accordance withthe principles and specific guidelines presented in Guide for
the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Japan, or Guide
for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research andTeaching, 3rd edition, 2010.
Authors must also include in the manuscript text the ethicalapproval number provided by the Animal Experiment Committee of affiliated institution. In describing surgical procedures, the type and dosage of the anesthetic agent must be
specified. Intra-abdominal and intrathoracic invasive surgery
requires anesthesia (this includes caponization). The Editorin-Chief of JPS may refuse to publish manuscripts that havenot complied with these guidelines.
Specimen collection
Manuscripts describing the collection of wildlife specimens
or samples should include detailed information on their provenance and collection methods. Authors must include a statement in their manuscript describing the relevant ethics guidelines, local laws and collection permits under which the research was conducted.
Author competing interests and conflicts of interest
In the interests of transparency, the journal requires all
authors to declare any competing or conflicts of interest in
relation to their submitted manuscript (in a “Conflicts ofInterest” section in the manuscript, as described below. A
conflict of interest exists when there are actual, perceived or
potential circumstances that could influence an author’s ability
to conduct or report research impartially. Potential conflicts
include (but are not limited to) competing commercial or
financial interests, commercial affiliations, consulting roles, orownership of stock or equity.
Confidentiality
The journal maintains the confidentiality of all unpublishedmanuscripts. By submitting their manuscript to the journal, theauthors warrant that they will keep all correspondence about
their manuscript (from the Editorial Office, editors and reviewers) strictly confidential.
Self-archiving (Green Open Access) policy
Self-archiving, also known as Green Open Access, enables
authors to deposit a copy of their manuscript in an online repository. JPS encourages authors of original research manuscripts to upload their article to an institutional or public
repository immediately after publication in the journal.

Long-term digital archiving
J-STAGE preserves its full digital library, including JPS,
with Portico in a dark archive (see https://www.portico.org/
publishers/jstage/). In the event that the material becomes
unavailable at J-STAGE, it will be released and made available
by Portico.

Reviewer reports
It is the journal’s policy to transmit reviewers’ comments tothe authors in their original form. However, the journal reserves the right to edit reviewers’ comments, without consulting the reviewers, if they contain offensive language, confidential information or recommendations for publication.

Advertising Policy
JPS does not accept advertising from any commercial entity,
including pharmaceutical companies and device manufacturers.

Acceptance criteria
If a manuscript satisfies the journal’s requirements and represents a significant contribution to the published literature,
the Editor may recommend acceptance for publication in thejournal.
Articles in JPS must be:Peer Review Process

Editorial and peer review process
The journal undertakes single-blind peer review. All submissions to the journal are initially reviewed by the Editor-inChief and then an appropriate section editor to assess thequality of the paper and suitability for the journal. This isbased on the originality, validity, and significance of the work.
Manuscripts can be rejected without full peer review if there isagreement between the responsible section editor and the
Editor-in-Chief. Manuscripts judged as potentially suitable forthe journal are sent out for peer review by two experts in thefield. The reviewers’ comments are evaluated by the section
editor, who sends a recommendation to the Editor-in-Chief,
who makes the final decision.
The authors of manuscripts that receive “major revision” or“minor revision” decisions should revise their manuscript
according to the reviewers’ and editors’ comments, so as toattend to the critical intent of the comments. A response letter
must be included with the revised manuscript, which explains
the specific changes in the revised manuscript in a point-bypoint format. Authors should submit the revised manuscript
within 6 weeks from the date of the decision. Unless otherwise
arranged, failure to return the manuscript within 6 weeks will
be considered to be withdrawn from the Journal, however
authors who decide not to submit a revision are asked to send awritten request for withdrawal to the Editorial Office.
Editor-in-Chief may send the revised manuscript to section
editors and reviewers who handled the manuscript at initialsubmission to check if the manuscript is appropriately revised
as suggested by the reviewers.
Reviewer selection, timing and suggestions
Reviewers are selected without regard to geography andneed not belong to the journal’s Editorial Board. Reviewers
are selected based on their expertise in the field, reputation,
recommendation by others, and/or previous experience as peer
reviewers for the journal.
Reviewers are invited within 1 weeks of an article being
submitted. Reviewers are asked to submit their first review
within 2 weeks of accepting the invitation to review. Reviewers who anticipate any delays should inform the Editorial
Office as soon as possible.
When submitting a manuscript to the journal, authors arerequested to suggest at least 2 reviewers. The Editor may consider these suggestions but is under no obligation to follow
them. The selection, invitation and assignment of peer reviewers is at the Editor’s sole discretion.

• within the subject area of the journal’s scope• novel and original• descriptions of technically rigorous research• of high interest to the journal’s readers• important additions to the field• ethically undertaken in line with the journal’s guidelines
on animal experimentation
If a manuscript does not meet the journal’s requirements for
acceptance or revision, the Editor may recommend rejection.
Editorial independence
As the journal owner, the Japan Poultry Science Association(JPSA) has granted the journal’s Editorial Board complete andsole responsibility for all editorial decisions. The JPSA will
not become involved in editorial decisions, except in cases of afundamental breakdown of process.
Editorial decisions are based only on a manuscript’s scientific merit and are kept completely separate from the journal’s other interests. The authors’ ability to pay any publication charges has no bearing on whether a manuscript is accepted for publication in the journal.
Appeals
Authors who believe that an editorial decision has been
made in error may lodge an appeal with the Editorial Office.
Appeals are only considered if the authors provide detailed
evidence of a misunderstanding or mistake by a reviewer or
editor. Appeals are considered carefully by the Editor-inChief, whose decision is final. The guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) are followed where andwhen relevant.
Confidentiality in peer review
The journal maintains the confidentiality of all unpublishedmanuscripts. Editors will not:• disclose a reviewer’s identity unless the reviewer makes areasonable request for such disclosure• discuss the manuscript or its contents with anyone notdirectly involved with the manuscript or its peer review• use any data or information from the manuscript in theirown work or publications• use information obtained from the peer review process toprovide an advantage to themselves or anyone else, or todisadvantage any individual or organization.

Conflicts of interest in peer review
A conflict of interest exists when there are actual, perceived
or potential circumstances that could influence an editor’sability to act impartially when assessing a manuscript. Suchcircumstances might include having a personal or professional
relationship with an author, working on the same topic or in
direct competition with an author, or having a financial stake inthe work or its publication.
Members of the journal’s Editorial Board undertake to declare any conflicts of interest when handling manuscripts. An
editor who declares a conflict of interest is unassigned from themanuscript in question and is replaced by a new editor.
Corrections, Retractions and Expressions of Concern
JPS publishes corrections, retractions, and expressions ofconcern as appropriate, and as quickly as possible.
Corrections
If an error appears in a published article that affects scientific meanings but does not affect the overall results andconclusions of the paper, a notice of correction will be issued
byJPS. Authors who wish to correct a published article should
contact the editor who handled their manuscript or the Editorial
Office with full details of the error (s) and their requestedchanges. If an error is introduced by the authors, a correction
is published and the author is required to pay all costs associated with the correction. All corrections will be published in
the journal on numbered pages in print and online. The text
will explain the changes being made and/or the reasons foraction being taken.
Retractions
If a published paper contains one or more significant errors
or inaccuracies that change the overall results and conclusionsof the paper, the entire paper will be retracted. Any individual
who believes that a published article has significant errors is
encouraged to contact the journal’s Editorial Office with fulldetails of their concerns. JPS will assess the information and,if necessary, request a response from the authors and/or theauthor’s employers. All retractions will be published in thejournal on numbered pages in print and online. Notices of retraction will mention the reasons and basis for the retraction.
Editorial Expressions of Concern
When scientific misconduct such as data fabrication, deceptive manipulation of images, or plagiarism is alleged, JPS may
publish an Editorial Expression of Concern relating to thepaper in print and online.
The decision to publish Corrections, Retractions or Editorial
Expressions of Concern is made at the sole discretion of the
Editor-in-Chief.
Editors as authors in the journal
Any member of the journal’s Editorial Board, including the
Editor-in-Chief who is an author on a submitted manuscript is
excluded from the peer review process. Within the journal’s
online manuscript submission and tracking system, they will beable to see their manuscript as an author but not as an editor,
thereby maintaining the confidentiality of peer review.
A manuscript authored by an editor of JPS is subject to thesame high standards of peer review and editorial decision
making as any manuscript considered by the journal.
Responding to potential ethical breaches
The journal will respond to allegations of ethical breaches byfollowing its own policies and, where possible, the guidelinesof COPE.
Reviewer Confidentiality
As part of their responsibilities, reviewers agree to maintainthe confidentiality of unpublished manuscripts at all times. By
accepting the invitation to review a manuscript, reviewers
agree not to:• disclose their role in reviewing the manuscript• reveal their identity to any of the authors of the manuscript• discuss the manuscript or its contents with anyone notdirectly involved in the review process• involve anyone else in the review (for example, a postdoc or PhD student) without first requesting permission
from the Editor• use any data or information from the manuscript in theirown work or publications• use information obtained from the peer review process toprovide an advantage to themselves or anyone else, or todisadvantage any individual or organization.
Reviewer Conflicts of interest
A conflict of interest exists when there are actual, perceived
or potential circumstances that could influence a reviewer’s
ability to assess a manuscript impartially. Such circumstancesmight include having a personal or professional relationshipwith an author, working on the same topic or in direct competition with an author, having a financial stake in the work or
its publication, or having seen previous versions of the manuscript.
Editors try to avoid conflicts of interest when inviting reviewers, but it is not always possible to identify potential bias.
Reviewers are asked to declare any conflicts of interest to the
Editor, who will determine the best course of action.

Copyright, Open Access and Fees

Copyright and licensing
JPS is fully Open Access and published works under aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike
4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License. In accordancewith the license, anyone may download, reuse, copy, reprint,
distribute, or modify articles published in the JPS for not-forprofit purposes, as long as they cite the original authors andsource properly. If anyone remixes, transforms, or builds upon
the material, they must distribute the material under the same
license. For for-profit or commercial use, written permission(see Contact section for details) from the journal is required.
Authors are required to assign all copyrights in the work to
the Society via the “Transfer of Copyright Agreement” form,
who then publish the work under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
license.
Some funding bodies require articles funded by them to be
published under a specific Creative Commons license. Before
submitting your work to the journal, check with the relevantfunding bodies to ensure that you comply with any mandates.
Fees and Charges
There are many costs associated with publishing scholarly
journals, such as those of managing peer review, other quality
control, copy editing, typesetting and online hosting. To coverthese costs in the absence of journal subscriptions, authors (ortheir representatives) are asked to pay page-based article processing charges (APCs), and where relevant, color and reprint
charges. There is no submission fee.
The journal’s charges are detailed below. Authors of accepted manuscripts will be invoiced for all charges before
publication of their manuscript.
Color charge(yen/printed page)

Page Charge(yen/printed
page)

Print

Online PDF
versionJPSA
Member3,000

40,0004,000

Non-member

6,000

40,0006,000

Non-member contributors from outside Japan, the letter of
acceptance from the editorial board of JPS will not be issued
until the payment of page-charge is confirmed.
Waiver policy
The journal will waive page charges (but not color charges)
on an article if none of the authors are professionally affiliatedwith a research organization, or if all authors are from a “Least
Developed Country” or “Other Low Income Country” on theOECD’s qualifying country list. Other waivers will be considered on a case-by-case basis by the journal’s Editorial Office.
Authors must apply for a waiver before or upon the submissionof their manuscript (include a statement in the cover letter);applications will not be considered after the review process has
started.
The ability of an author to pay the APC does not influence
editorial decisions. To avoid any possibility of undue influence, editors involved with the decision-making process on
submitted manuscripts are not involved in any deliberations on
waivers.

Manuscript Submission

All manuscripts must be submitted via the journal’s online
submission system, ScholarOne: https://mc.manuscriptcentral.
com/jpsa. The original or revised manuscript text may be
uploaded as a PDF or Microsoft Word file, but a Word file isrequired for the final manuscript text. Figures may be submitted separately in JPEG, TIFF, PDF or EPS formats.
If you encounter any problems with online submission,please contact the Editorial Office via the details in the Contact
section below.

Manuscript Preparation

Cover Letter
Authors should prepare and upload a cover letter upon firstsubmission. Authors must declare any previously publishedmanuscripts or data related to the submission. Any application
for an APC waiver should be included in the cover letter.

Format and Style
Articles must be written using a 12-point font (preferably
Times or Times New Roman) in A4 (210×297 mm) format
with 24 to 26 lines per page. The lines should be numberedalong the left margin and the margins should be 30 mm on all
sides. Pages should be numbered consecutively in the bottom
center.
Full Papers and Research Notes should consist of the following contents: Title page, Abstract, Introduction, Materials andMethods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgments, Author Contributions, Conflicts of Interest, References, Legends to Figures,
Tables, and Figures (graphs, photographs and illustrations).
The Results and Discussion sections can be appropriately combined under specific conditions.
Review articles should consist of a Title page, Abstract,
Introduction, main contents, Acknowledgments, References,
Legends to Figures, Tables, and Figures.
The first page should include the title of the article, name ofauthor (s) and their affiliation and address, running title (6words or less), and corresponding author including name, affiliation address and e-mail address. The first and last namesof the authors should be written in full, and the middle names
should be abbreviated to initials.
English standards
Manuscripts should be written in clear, grammatically correct English. Authors whose native language is not English arestrongly encouraged to have their manuscript checked by anative English speaker or by an editing service prior to submission. If a manuscript is not clear due to poor English, it
may be rejected without undergoing peer review or English
editing will be required.
Title
The title should describe the content of the article briefly but
clearly and is important for search purposes by third-party
services. Do not use the same main title with numbered minor
titles, even for a series of papers by the same authors. Do not
use abbreviations in the title, except those used generally in thefield.
Footnotes
Footnotes, if any, should be typed in a separate sheet (thesecond page of the manuscript). Abbreviations should also belisted on this page.
Abbreviations and Units
Each abbreviation should be defined in parentheses together
with its non-abbreviated term when it first appears in the text
(except in the Title and Abstract). Common abbreviations that
may be used without any explanation include [list common
abbreviations in the field].
The SI unit system should be used (http://physics.nist.gov/
cuu/Units/index.html).
Genus and species names, and other words normally italicized,
should be typed in italics or underlined (example: Gallus
gallus, in vitro).
Abstract
The Abstract should clearly express the basic content of thepaper in a single paragraph and should include the purpose,experimental approach, main results, and conclusions. Abstracts must not exceed 300 words for all article types. Avoid
using specific abbreviations. If it is essential to refer to aprevious publication, omit the article title (e.g. Maekawa, S.,
Endo, S., and Sakai, H. (2015). Sci. Journal., 14: 10-15).
Key words
Three to six key words should be listed in alphabetical order
below the Abstract.
Introduction
The Introduction should provide sufficient background information to allow the reader to understand the purpose of theinvestigation and its relationship with other research in related
fields, although it should not include an extensive review of theliterature.
Materials and Methods
The description of the methods should be brief, but it must
include sufficient details to allow the experiments to be repeated. When using modifications to a method previously described by other authors, authors should describe each modification and cite the original reference. Results should be fully
described and analyzed using suitable statistical methods.
Results
This section includes the results of the experiments. Tables
and figures, including photographs, can be used to present theexperimental results (see below). Excessive explanations of
the data presented in tables and figures should be avoided.
Discussion
The Discussion should be concise and should deal with theinterpretation of the results. Novel models or hypotheses may
be proposed in this section only if they are suggested by the
results obtained in the experiments. Do not repeat the description of the experimental results in this section.
Acknowledgments
Authors should acknowledge all sources of funding for the
research in an Acknowledgments section of the paper. Namesof funders, grant names and/or numbers should be provided.
Author Contributions
Authors must include a section which details the contributions of individual authors. Each author can be indicated bytheir name. For example, Kazuhisa Honda conducted the experiments; Tomohiro Sasanami analyzed the data; Taro Kakindesigned the experiments; Hanako Kakin wrote the paper.
Conflicts of Interest
Authors must include a section which details any conflicts ofinterest and must identify and disclose any financial andpersonal relationships with other people or organizations that
could inappropriately influence their work. If there is no conflict of interest, please state “The authors declare no conflict ofinterest.”

References
Within the text, references should be given by the name of
the authors and the year of publication, such as ‘Simkiss andTaylor (1971)’. Two or more references cited at the same site
in the text should be arranged chronologically and separated bysemicolons. If a reference cites a publication written by two
authors, the name of both authors should be used. If the cited
publication is written by three or more authors, only the firstauthor should be named, followed by ‘et al.’. Articles in nonpeer reviewed journals, meeting abstracts, personal communications based on unpublished work should not be cited.
For the References section, the list of references should firstbe arranged in alphabetical order of first author’s name, andthen chronologically. If more than one article is cited for thesame first author and same year, the order of the articles should
be arranged alphabetically by the second and subsequentauthors’ name. Publications by the same author(s) or by thesame first author with the abbreviated coauthors in the text as‘et al.’ in the same year should be listed as 2010a, 2010b.
Individual entries should be formatted as follows based on thetype of materials cited.
Journal article
Hernandez AG and Bahr JM. Culture of chicken granulosa
cells from small yellow follicles: A suitable culture system. Journal of Poultry Science, 39: 14-21. 2002.
Book
Nalbandov AV. Advances in Neuroendocrinology. 2nd ed.
University of Illinois Press. Urbana. 1963.
Chapter in a book
Simkiss K and Taylor TG. Shell formation. In: Physiology
and Biochemistry of the Domestic Fowl (Bell DJ andFreeman BM eds.). Vol. 3. pp. 1331-1343. Academic Press.
London. 1971.
Web page
Tanaka M. J-Poultry Web. http://www.j-poult.com/topic20.
htm. Accessed on September 10, 2009.
PatentSuzuki M. Method of in vitro fertilization. Japan Patent No.
674562, 2008.
Figures and Tables
Figures (graphs, photographs and illustrations) should be
prepared in final printed size in more than 300 dpi. Figures
should not exceed 80 mm (single-column) or 165 mm (doublecolumn) horizontally and 190 mm vertically. Lettering mustbe sufficiently large and clear (Century font in 8-point ormore). The size of lines in illustrations should be 0.2 mm ormore. Authors will be charged a color fee for the inclusion ofcolor figures, but the expense can be reduced if color figures
are submitted for the online version, and black and whitefigures for printed version.
Figure legends should be prepared on separate pages andplaced at the end of the manuscript.
Note that ‘figures’ includes line drawings and photographs,
as well as charts. Magnifications of photographs should beindicated in the legends and/or by scales included in the photographs. Illustrations must be self-explanatory and they should
be numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals (i.e., Fig. 1,
Fig. 2, etc.).
Number tables consecutively using Arabic numerals (Table
1, Table 2, etc.). Vertical lines should not be used. A title
should be given to each table and it must use capital letters.
Explanatory material and footnotes should be typed below thetable and should be designated with superscript letters, such asa) or b). Units of measurement should be included with numerical values at the top of columns. Avoid detailed explanations of the experimental conditions used to obtain the data
shown in tables (which should be included in other sections as
relevant).
Supplementary Material
If you include Supplementary Material, please provide a
one-sentence title and a short legend for each video/audio fileat the end of the manuscript. The legend should be less than
100 words and not included any references. Please ensure thatfile sizes are small enough to download quickly. Images
should be a maximum size of 640×480 pixels with 72 pixels
per inch. A maximum of ten files can be included. Any single
file should not exceed 30 MB, where the maximum limit of all
the cumulative files is 100 MB. Please note that these limits
are an absolute maximum, and cannot be exceeded under any
circumstances. Files in the following formats are acceptable:• Adobe Acrobat (.pdf) (preferred)• Quick Time movie (.mov) (preferred)• Audio file (.wav)• MPEG/MPG animation (.mpg, .mp4, .mp3)
Based on the assessment and suggestion of editor(s), authors
can replace some data from the text to the Supplemental Datasection. Please supply a title and descriptive caption for eachsupplemental data. Supplemental data must be described in
the manuscript text (e.g., “see Table S1”), and the files should
be labeled accordingly (e.g., Table S1, Figure S1, Figure S2,etc.).
Submission within JapanFor articles submitted by at least one author resident inJapan, a summary in Japanese (800 characters or less) is required at the end of the manuscript. The summary in Japanese
should include the title, name of author(s) and their affiliation
and address, and key words (3 to 6). Authors not resident inJapan do not need to supply a Japanese summary. Japanesesummaries are published on the JPSA website.

Accepted Manuscripts

Manuscripts that are accepted for publication are copyedited
and typeset by the journal’s production team before publication. The journal is published 4 times per year in print andcontinuously online (and collated into four issues). All communication regarding accepted manuscripts is with the corresponding author.
ProofsPage proofs are sent to the corresponding author, whoshould check and return them within 48 hours. Only essential
corrections to typesetting errors or omissions are accepted;
excessive changes are not permitted at the proofing stage.
Reprints
Order forms for reprints are sent with the proofs to thecorresponding author and should be returned with the proofs.

Contact

To contact the Editorial Office or the Editor-in-Chief, pleasewrite to:JAPAN POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOCIATION
Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO,
2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba
Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
TEL & FAX: +81-29-838-8777
E-mail: jpsa-s@naro.affrc.go.jp