Click to edit Master title style• Click to edit Master text styles•Second level•

Third level• Fourth level• Fifth level

Extending the use of GNSS technology to cislunar space© 2023 SpacePNT

2023.10.24 - Extending the use of GNSS technology to cislunar space

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AgendaClickto edit Master title style❖Introduction• Click to edit Master text styles

SpacePNT•o Secondlevel ‘s historical background and products fit to space applications
Dr Cyril•by Thirdlevel Botteron, SpacePNT’s co-founder and director• Fourth level• Fifth level❖NaviMoono Extending the use of GNSS technology to cislunar spaceby Michele Scotti, SpacePNT’s technical leader and navigation engineer© 2023 SpacePNT

2023.10.24 - Extending the use of GNSS technology to cislunar space

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Historicalownership&Productdevelopment
Click to edit Master title style

2004

2013

• Click to edit Master text styles•Second level•

Third level• Fourth level• Fifth level

R&D

2018

2023

2021

TRL2/3

TRL3/4

TRL5/6

TRL7/8

TRL8/9Idea validation

Proof-of-concept

Prototype

QualificationFlight proven

Technology Readiness LevelPNT & GNSS R&D

2016

R&D

Validation in HIL

EM Prototypes

EM/EQMPFM TRL8/TRL9

TVAC, shocks, vibrations
NaviLEOTM EM

ESA NaviMoon PFM DRB

SANAG PoC receiverNaviMoon EM

WeakHEO PoC receiver

Radiations (SEE)
Innosuisse – Swiss
Innovation Agency
SERI’s Swiss Space
Office (SSO)< 1 s TTFF using PCS andassistance© 2023 SpacePNT

15 dBHz L1 C/A
autonomous
acquisition

Dual-frequ.
GPS+Galileo+OF
Full HIL validation

NaviLEO/NaviMoon
product line
development

2023.10.24 - Extending the use of GNSS technology to cislunar space

NaviLEO/NaviMoon
qualification

ION-mk02 SCV011

Navi-G2 dev & FM deliveries- LEO IOD mission- Moon ESA mission- ISS DLR mission

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SpacePNT
to applications
Clickto edit Products
Master titlefitstyle
Applications• EarthClickobservations
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Market Requirements

Product solutions•

Highest performance✓ SAR/ RADAR…
• Thirdlevel✓ several30+
sat.
constellations• Fourthlevel• Fifth level•

REAL-TIME & on-board
POD option (sub-dmaccuracy)

On-orbit servicing / Debris removal /Launchers / Space transportation✓ Launchers, kick-stages✓ GTO / GEO telecom✓ High altitude missions (HEO)✓ Moon/cislunar missions

Idem above plus:• Dual- antennas(sat. attitude independence)• Ext. LNA, highest
sensitivity (12-15 dBHz)• Upgradable on option for 12years GEO mission lifetime

NaviGEO1)
NaviMoon• 100 m at Moon
altitudeSat. communications/telecom/timing✓ LEO telecom / sat. Internet✓ LEO-PNT (GPS backup)✓ Critical infrastructure✓ SIGINT/ELINT✓ Several 300-1000+ sat.
constellations

Idem above NaviLEO plus:• Lower SWaP-C

Navi-G21)• Weight /size reduction• Optimized for large LEO
constellations

Secondobservationslevel✓• Optical•

Time/frequency synch.
option (LO disciplining)•Advanced simulation SWtools

NaviLEO™
• 100 cm pos.
NaviLEO-POD1)• 10 cm position• 1 cm/s velocity• ns-level timing

SimORBIT• Orbit propagation tool1) Under development, contact factory for availability© 2023 SpacePNT

2023.10.24 - Extending the use of GNSS technology to cislunar space

Proprietary Information – Commercial in Confidence | 4AgendaClickto edit Master title style❖Introduction• Click to edit Master text styles

SpacePNT•o Secondlevel and its historical background

Dr Cyril•by Thirdlevel Botteron, SpacePNT’s co-founder and director• Fourth level• Fifth level❖NaviMoono Extending the use of GNSS technology to cislunar spaceby Michele Scotti, SpacePNT’s technical leader and navigation engineer© 2023 SpacePNT

2023.10.24 - Extending the use of GNSS technology to cislunar space

Proprietary Information – Commercial in Confidence | 5NaviMoon
GNSS receiver
Clickto edit Mastertitle style– System overview❖ NaviMoon: evolution of SpacePNT flagship spaceborne GNSS receiver NaviLEO™.

• Click to edit Master text styleso Main inherited features:•Second level
Multi-GNSS(GPS + Galileo) & multi-frequency rx•▪ Thirdlevel▪ •Proprietary
Fourth levelHW/SW/FW• Fifth▪ COTSEEE level+ Radiation mitigations▪ Fast DSP in HW FPGA
▪ Acquisition & tracking control & navigation in SW▪ Dedicated uC for interface management/supervision▪ Reprogrammable in flight and scalableo NaviMoon hardware upgrades:▪ OCXO▪ Larger FPGAo NaviMoon software upgrades:▪ Improved acquisition & tracking engine▪ Navigation engine (tightly coupled KF; orbital forces model
tailored for lunar orbits)© 2023 SpacePNT

2023.10.24 - Extending the use of GNSS technology to cislunar space

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NaviMoon
GNSS receiver
Clickto edit Master
title style– Initial target requirements• Click to edit Master text styles❖ •Acquisition
Second level sensitivity: 18 dB Hz•

Third level• Fourth level
Fifth level❖ Tracking• sensitivity:
15 dB Hz❖ Positioning accuracy: 1000 m (3D RMS)
❖ Velocity accuracy: 1 m/s (3D RMS)❖ Propagation accuracy: 1000 m and 1 m/s (3D RMS) after 5 hours with no measurements© 2023 SpacePNT

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Navigationenginetitle style
Clickto edit Master• Click to edit Master text styles❖ •Extended
Kalman Filter architecture
Second levelo •Processes
pseudorange and pseudorange-rate measurements (tightly coupled)
Third level
level either with a Least Squares solution or with a coarse PVT solutiono Can• beFourthinitialized•

Fifth level❖ Dynamics modelo Earth and Sun as point masses + Expanded lunar gravity field (12x12) + SRPo Needs precise Moon ephemerides/orientation (JPL DE440)o …and precise ITRF/ICRF rotation matrix (SOFA routines)❖ Process noise covariance: State Noise Compensationo Velocity error: uncorrelated random walk in RTN reference frameo (same for clock drift error)o Empirically tuned with end-to-end simulation environment© 2023 SpacePNT

2023.10.24 - Extending the use of GNSS technology to cislunar space

Proprietary Information – Commercial in Confidence | 8Click to edit Master title style
Reference orbit 1:• Click to edit Master text styles
Moon
Transfer Orbit• Second level•© 2023 SpacePNT

Third level• Fourth level• Fifth level2023.10.24 - Extending the use of GNSS technology to cislunar space

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Reference1:title
Moon
Transfer Orbit
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Masterstyle• Click to edit Master text styles•

Second level•© 2023 SpacePNT

Third level• Fourth level• Fifth level2023.10.24 - Extending the use of GNSS technology to cislunar space

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Click to edit Master title style
Reference orbit 2:• Click to edit Master text styles
Near-rectilinear• Second level• Thirdlevel
HaloOrbit• Fourth level•© 2023 SpacePNTFifth level2023.10.24 - Extending the use of GNSS technology to cislunar space

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Reference2:title
Near-rectilinear
Halo Orbit
Clickto editorbit
Masterstyle• Click to edit Master text styles•

Second level•© 2023 SpacePNT

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Clickto edit Master
Referenceorbit 3:title style•LunarClick to edit
Master text styles
Pathfinder• Second level(EllipticalLunar Frozen Orbit)• Third level•© 2023 SpacePNT

Fourth level• Fifth level2023.10.24 - Extending the use of GNSS technology to cislunar space

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Reference3:title
Lunar
Pathfinder (ELFO)
Clickto editorbit
Masterstyle• Click to edit Master text styles•

Second level•© 2023 SpacePNTThird level• Fourth level• Fifth level2023.10.24 - Extending the use of GNSS technology to cislunar space

Proprietary Information – Commercial in Confidence | 14HWIL
Clicktotesteditsetup
Master title style❖ RX antenna: high gain, narrow main lobe

• Click to edit Master text styleso ~axialsymmetric• Second levelo Peak gain ~ 14 dB on L1/L5•

Third level• Fourth level• Fifthpatternslevel❖ TX antennao GPS: according to available literature (e.g. Lockheed Martin data,
ACE experiment)o Galileo: 3D pattern models provided by ESA❖ Reference trajectories: precise propagation withGMAT, then imported in the simulator❖ Received power calibration with ground scenario(ICD levels + 1.5 dB)© 2023 SpacePNT

2023.10.24 - Extending the use of GNSS technology to cislunar space

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Clickto edit
Master title style• Click to edit Master text styles•

NRHO w/ 18 dBHz isopower scenario

Second level•© 2023 SpacePNT

Third level• Fourth level• Fifth level2023.10.24 - Extending the use of GNSS technology to cislunar space

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MTOtotest
Clickeditresult
Master title style• Click to edit Master text styles•KF position error: 3D RMS = 50.7 m

Second level•

Third level• Fourth level• Fifth level

KF velocity error: 3D RMS = 0.358 m/s# SV (from raw observation report)© 2023 SpacePNT

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NRHOtestMaster- including
poor visibility conditions
Clickto edittitle style• Click to edit Master text styles•

KF position error: 3D RMS = 686 m

Second level•

Third level• Fourth level• Fifth level

KF velocity error: 3D RMS = 0.9 m/s# SV (from raw observation report)© 2023 SpacePNT

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NRHO
testMaster- whentitle
3 orstylemore satellites are tracked
Clickto edit
• Click to edit Master text styles•

KF position error: 3D RMS = 123 m

Second level•

Third level• Fourth level• Fifth level

KF velocity error: 3D RMS = 0.28 m/s# SV (from raw observation report)© 2023 SpacePNT

2023.10.24 - Extending the use of GNSS technology to cislunar space

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Warm
TTFF withPVT error (NRHO)Clicktostart
edit Master
title style• Click to edit Master text styles❖ Ephemerides provided via TC•

Second level❖ CoarsePVT• Thirdlevelsolution provided via TC• Fourtho Affectedby levelerror (as per table below)•© 2023 SpacePNT

Fifth level2023.10.24 - Extending the use of GNSS technology to cislunar space

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What’snext:
NAVISP-EL1-039
Clickto edit
Mastertitle style❖ NaviMoon will be embarked on SSTL’s Lunar Pathfinder for In-Orbit• Clickto edit Master text styles
Demonstration.
•Second level❖ Majormilestones
have been met (PDR, CDR, TRR, radiation test campaigns,• ThirdlevelDRB),• final
review
Fourthlevel in Q4 2023.
• Fifthlevel❖ Spacecraft
integrationin 2024/2025. Launch end 2025/ beginning 2026

Credit: Firefly Aerospace
Credit: Firefly Aerospace© 2023 SpacePNT

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Click to edit Master title style• Click to edit Master text styles•

Second level•

Third level• Fourth level• Fifth level

SpacePNT SA
Rue du Puits-Godet 6a2000 Neuchâtel – Switzerland
info@spacepnt.com
https://spacepnt.com

Enabling Novel Applications for the Space and the Earth Users© 2023 SpacePNT

2023.10.24 - Extending the use of GNSS technology to cislunar space

Images credit: ESA

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