SPICAの現状と国際協力による計画の推進

Toru Yamada
ISAS, JAXA

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PIs

芝井さん
JAXA SPICA PI

Peter R. Roelfsema (SRON) –SPICA lead/SAFARI Principal
Investigator

ESA is not involved during the period
between AO and first selectionfor study .... ”black out”
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Current Status of SPICA■ ESA‐led mission with JAXA as a major partner.
■ In JAXA, SPICA is in Phase A1 and located as aunique candidate for the 3rd slot (after XARM) ofStrategic L‐Class in 2020’s.
 At ESA, SPICA is proposed for CosmicVison‐M5.
SPICA survived the initial assessment for affordability.
Selection for first study is likely within 2017,
then final down selection within ~2.5 years.
Then Mission Adoption within ~ 2 years.
 Potential international collaboration with US (JPL)and Taiwan.

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SPICA SAFARI Consortium Meeting @ Groningen 2016

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SPICA Focal Plane Configuration Discussion2017 June

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SPICA JAXA’s
International
Science Advisory
Board Meeting

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ESA Cosmic Vision M5 Proposal Submitted
Proposal Due Date was Oct 5, 2016
@ ESA
2016-2017 summer- Assessment of cost, schedule, andtechnical affordability.
For those proposals that ESA considers
NOT affordable, they will not proceed
to further Science Evaluation.
SPICA survived.
- Based on the Science Evaluation,
ESA will select ~3 proposals forstudy (“Selection for Study”) ,likely by the end of 20178

Focal Plane Instruments
Unveiling the obscured UniverseSpecifications• ESA‐led mission
with large JAXA contribution• ‘Planck configuration’Size: 4.5 m x 5.2 m (DxH)
Mass: 3450 kg (wet)V‐grooves• 2.5 meter telescope, T < 8 K
Warm launch, cryogen‐free• Wavelength coverage 12 ‐ 350 μm
MIR spectroscopy and imaging – SMIFIR spectroscopy – SAFARI/SPEC
FIR polarimetry – SAFARI/POL• ‘Standard’ Herschel/Planck SVM• Japanese H3 launcher, L2 orbit• 5 year goal lifetime

FIR instrument SAFARI
Telescope(ESA)
PayloadModuleNL-led consortium:
European countries,Canada, US

Cryocooler

MIR instrument SMI

ServiceModuleSPICA Data Center
Launcher

Science objectives• What processes govern star formation
across cosmic time ‐ what starts it,
controls it and stops it?
• What is the origin and composition of
the first dust, and how does this relate
to present day dust processing?
• What is the thermal and chemical
history of the building blocks ofplanets?

106 reduction inbackground!
<8KSPICA
Cooling Telescope to reduce thermal backgroundRaw sensitivity improvement >2 orders of magnitude
Instantaneous full spectra  huge step in efficiency

Science Goals
Enrichment of the Universe with metal and dust,
leading to the formation of habitable worlds
Metal and dust enrichment
through galaxy evolution

Planetary formation
to habitable systems
Gas dissipation inplanet-forming
pg disks

Star/Galaxy formation
First mineral, aromatics

Gas dissipation in proto-planetary disksStar formation indistant ggalaxies
Dust-obscured AGNs
and AGN outflow
Over the peak of the cosmic
star-formation history

Star formation in
nearby galaxies
Spatially-resolved,
high-z analogs or relics

Dust evolution in planet-forming
disks to solar system analogues
Changes of mineral and ice
properties in debris disks

From SPICA M5 Proposal

Wide‐area LRS andimaging at MIR

HR provides
higher resolution thanJWST MIRI

100x sensitivity in FIR spectroscopy
Than Herschel, thanks tocooling and low‐noise detectors

Key Science Probes in Infrared Wavelength
Diagnostics withHII and PDR lines,
and metallicity measurementin the obscured region

Dust features, composition,
traced only by IR observations

From SPICA M5 Proposal

Water,
vapor and ice

Important molecular lines
to trace gas mass and kinematics,

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Diagnostics with IR Fine-structure Lines

From SPICA M5 Proposal

Examples of diagnostics by IR line:[OIV] tracing higher ionization

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Diagnostics with IR Fine-structure Lines
1.5 < z < 2.5“Main Sequenceat z~2”

SFR
SPICA SAFARI
1h
SPICA SAFARI
10h
M(stellar)
SFR-Mstellar relation at z~2 and SPICA sensitivity14Baryon Recycle

SPICA observes all basic physicalprocesses in baryon recycle

From SPICA M5 Proposal

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Proto Planetary
Disk
SPICA observes gas dissipation inplanet-forming disks(HD lines, kinematics).
SPCIA observes water (H2O) vapor
and ice in spectroscopy

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SPICA Outlook Overview (from M5 proposal)
Designs will be further studied
Science in phase A
Instrument
Assembly(SIA)
PayloadModule(PLM)

Science Instrument Assembly
SMI/LR

FAS #1

Cryogenic
Assembly(CRYO)

ServiceModule(SVM)

FAS #2

SMI/MR-HRSAFARI

Sun (-z axis)

Satellite architecture is like that of Planck,“V-grooves” works for radiation to cool the telescope

17SPICA Mission Payload Instruments (M5)SMI
SPICA MIR Instrument
・LRS R=50, SiSb
17-36μｍ
・Camera 10’x12’, SiSb
@ 34μｍ・MRS R=1300-2300, SiSb
18-36μm
・HRS R=28000 SiAs
12-18μｍ
Immarsed Grating

The SAFARI/SPEC
plane unit.

focal

SAFARI/SPEC, /POL

Optical layout for SMI/MR-HR (left) and SMI/LR with SMI/CAM (right).

SPICA FIR Instrument
TES Bolometer Arrays operated at 50mKNEP of 2 x 10-19 W/√Hz・LR R=300, 34-230μｍ, grating・HR R=1500-11000 34-230μm
Martin-Puplett FTS+grating/POL infrared polarimetry imager
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Work‐sharing plan (to be updated @ Phase A)
Focal Plane Instrument
AssemblyTelescope

FIR Spectrometer（SAFARI）

Payload Module

NL + European countries+ Canada & US

Cryocooler
MIR Instrument （SMI）
Bus Module

Launcher

Focal Plane Attitude Sensor

名古屋大学を中心とする
SMI コンソーシアム

SPICA Data Center(NAOJ)

Science Community
JP, Europe, US,,,19

Plan for SPICA Ground Segment

20Current Status of SPICA■ In JAXA, SPICA is in Phase A1(Concept Development, to define System Requirements)
Phase A1a (before the “first selection for study” by ESA)
Phase A1b (after the selection, developing system requirements)- Pay Load Module Study
Design of the Cooling Module- Study for mechanical coolers
CCCTP (Cryogenic Chain Core Technology Program)- Focal Plane Assembly
Design of the focal plane configuration and resource balance.
- SMI Study
Detectors, Design of instrument configuration and operation- Science plan development,
Data management plan development

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SPICA と 国際協力

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A=Astrophysics
P=Planetary Science
H=Helio‐physics

海外ミッション NASA
分野

カテゴリ

総額間隔例

NASA A

Flagship / > $1‐2B
GreatObservatories~10年 HST (90), Compton (91), Chandra(99), Spitzer (03) , Fermi (08), JWST(18), WFIRST (25?)

A

Discovery $425M

1‐2年 Kepler (06)

A

MIDEX

$180‐
200M+launch~4年? XTE(95), FUSE(98), WMAP(01),
Swift(04), WISE(09)

A

SMEX

$120M+launch~4年? SWAS(98), GALEX(03), NuSTAR(12),IXPE (?)

A

EX

H

MIDEX

$180‐
200M+launch~4年? ACE(97), IMAGE(00), THEMIS(07)

H

SMEX

$120M+launch~4年? SAMPEX(92), FAST(96), TRACE(98),
RHESSI(02), AIM(07), IBEX(08),
IRIS(13)H

STP

TESS(18)

TIMED(01), Hinode 06 [ISAS],
STEREO(06), MMS(11)

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分野

カテゴリ

総額間隔例

NASA P

Flagship

$1‐2B

10年

Viking 1‐2 (75), Voyager (77),Galileo(89), Cassini (97), Mars
Science Laboratory (11), MARS2020(20), Europa (?)

P

NewFrontier

~ $1B

~5年

New Horizons (06), JUNO (11),OSIRIS‐Rex(16)P

Discovery$425M+
Launch

1‐2年 NEAR‐Shoemaker (96), Luna
Prospector (97), Stardust (99),
Genesis (01), CONTOUR (03), Mars
Pathfinder (03), MESSENGER (04),Deep Impact (05), EPOXI(05), DAWN(07), GRAIL(11), InSight (18)

PMARS
Exploration(Mariner,Viking, MarsSurveyor’98,Mariner (62), Viking (75), Observer(92), Global Surveyor (96), ClimateOrbiter (98), Polar Lander (99),
Odyssey (01), Exploration Rover(Spirits, Opportunity) (03),Reconnaissance Orbiter (05),Phoenix (07,SCOUT), Science
Laboratory (Curriosity) (11), MAVEN
24(13, SCOUT)

今後の海外ミッションへの協力 (NASA)
分野計画

日本の貢献

現状

Flagship / WFIRST (24)Great
Observat 将来計画 (~30)
ories

WFIRST WG

LoC 準備中STDTオブザーバ

４分野での検討A

SMEX(AO2016)IXPE

旧PRAXyS WG
中心に貢献案AEXTESS (18)

研究者個別にチーム参加

PNewFrontier

New Flontier 4(2017 Jan AO)

プロポーザルへの参加

NASA A

カテゴリ

JAXA 関与無し？
2018 打ち上げ予定

25海外ミッションへの協力 (ESA)
ESA

カテゴリ

総額

間隔

分野

CosmicVision ‐ L

> €1B

~10年

P

JUICE (22)A

ATHENA (28)FP

L3 [LISA] (32)H

Solar Orbiter (18)A

Euclid (21), PLATO (24)?

M4 (27), M5(29)CosmicVision ‐ M€450‐550M~3年

例

CosmicVision ‐ S

A

CHEOPS (17)H

SMILE (21)On‐goingP

Bepi Colombo (18)In
Operation /Previous

A

XMM(99), INTEGRAL(02), Herschel (09),Plank (09), GAIA (13)FP

LISA‐Pathfinder (15)H

SOHO (95), PROBA2 (09)P

Huygens(97), Cluster(00), Double
Star(03), Mars Express(03), Rosetta(04), Venus Express (05), ExoMars 26(16)今後の海外ミッションへの協力 (ESA)
ESA

カテゴリ

分野

CosmicVision ‐ L

CosmicVision ‐ M

計画

日本の貢献

現状

P

JUICE (22)

小規模ミッション機器

Phase A相当AATHENA (28)

冷凍機など
ATHENA WG

CCC‐TPで検討など

FP

L3 [LISA] (32)‐

日本の協力の可能性？

A

Euclid (21)

すばる観測提案

JAXA コミット無し

PLATO (24)‐

M4 (27)‐

ARIEL / THOR /XIPE

M5(29)SPICA Pre‐Project
準備チーム

SPICA 提案?

CosmicVision ‐ S

A

CHEOPS (18)‐H

SMILE (21)‐On‐goingP

Bepi Colombo (18) MMO

2018 打ち上げ27

SPICA Old Proposal
 JAXA-led Mission- Proposed to ISAS in 2005

 At ESA,- In 2007, proposed for the ESA Cosmic Vision 2015-2025
program. SPICA was selected for study as a candidate
M-class mission, with the character of "Mission of Opportunity“.
- 2007-2009 Assessment by ESA- In late 2009/early 2010, the revised proposal was submitted.
- SPICA entered an extended study phase in early 2010.
(not yet implementation, as the phase to be coordinatedwith the JAXA project phase)- In 2013, discussion between ISAS/JAXA and ESA concluded
that the scheme for SPICA was not compatible witha timely and robust implementation of the mission.
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What happened since 2013
■ Original SPICA proposal (before 2013, international project)
was turned out not affordable in JAXA・ Cost / Technical Readiness / Man-power Resources
・ FY2014 budget was not funded (only small R&D approved)■ PLAN B SPICA (2013-14) “3m-class”
・ SCI (coronagragh), FPC-S were not selected for the baseline
・ JAXA Lead, Larger workshare for ESA
・ Cosmic Vision M4
・ Japanese Government
Basic Plan on Space Policy (Jan. 25, 2013)■ Revision on 2015 (PLAN D) “2.5m, 8K, spectroscopy”
・ EＳＡ Concurrent Design Facility (CDF) Study
・ BUSESA Cryogenic PLM JAXA・ International Science Preview (2015 July, at Paris)

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JAXA Revision of SPICA in 2015
■ In 2015, re-definition of the SPICA Mission was made
 New SPICA (for ESA CV M5 + JAXA Strategic L-Class)・ Revised Design of the Mission Payload
Telescope Primary Mirror Φ2.5m, 8K ,Cryogenic-system with ‘V-Groove’ (Planck-like configuration)
・ Optimization of Science Instruments
・ Higher sensitivity, more powerful facility as a result
・ Targeting launch at 2027-28* (3rd slot of JAXA L-Class in 2020’s)* to be adjusted with the X-ray Recovery Mission schedule■ Strong Intention to Proceed SPICA by
ISAS Director General Saku Tsuneta’s Letter on Nov 25, 2015
http://www.ir.isas.jaxa.jp/SPICA/SPICA_HP/index-en.html

30Strategic L-classmissions with HIIA/H3ESA‐Led SPICA
FY2027‐28**Current target

Large‐size
Under selection
LiteBIRD, Solar‐
Power‐Sail Trojan

Martian Moons
eXplorer (MMX)FY2026‐27*

Strategic Large Missions(300M$ class) for JAXAled flagship science
mission with HIIA/H3vehicle (3 in ten years)

FY2024XARM
X‐ray Astronomy
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FY2020 Recovery Mission

Potential International Collaboration■ Collaboration with Taiwan (ASIAA)- ISAS Director of International Strategy and Coordination(Toru Yamada) visited ASIAA (2017 Jan)- scope: SMI detector procurement and characterization- ASIAA Phase A proposal submitted■ JPL- potential collaboration in consultation for SMI detector
procurement and testing has been discussed.
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No summary, but a few notes (TY)33

Notes of SPICA international collaboration
New experience, especially for ISAS,
to coordinate ~$B mission
It is, say, “international dance”, or, “egg and chicken”
Two agencies, not just the teams, made efforts(e.g., ESA-CDF) to find an affordable solution.
ISAS allocated SPICA as a candidate for Strategic-L
3rd slot, that is a big message that ISAS has intention
to commit, if the proposal can be well developed.
It is also based on GOPIRA’s conclusion toprioritize SPICA (if it realizes before 2030).
Still, it is in a peer review process for the science
priority (in Europe)

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Notes of SPICA international collaboration
Different way/procedure of develop space science missions
Phasesaction

byMission proposal

WG

Selection + MDRISASSSAC

SSAC (理学委員会） WG

Phase A1

To be revised soon,
Pre-project preparation
team
following
JAXA’snewguideline
System Requirement Review
ISASfor projects
Project (Phase) Review
ISAS
Project (Phase) Review

ISAS

Project Review

JAXA

Phase A2

Phase B (implementation)

JAXA pre-project
System Definition Review

ISAS

Project (Phase) Review

ISAS

Project Review

JAXA
JAXA Project35

Notes of SPICA international collaboration
Phasesactionnotes

Before AO

Concept development

ESA joins thediscussion.
Instrument Consortium(by nations)

Announcement ofOpportunity
Assessments

ESA “black-out”
Affordability by ESA
Science by SPC

ESA “black-out”

Phase 0

CDF, assessment

ESA, science community

Phase A

Assessment Phase

Industry

Definition Phasedetailed industrial study

First selection for study

Down selection
Phase B1
Mission Adoption

By SPC
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