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The Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology
Instructions for Authors
The Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology (J Yamashina Inst Ornithol: JYIO) will publish a broad
range of literature on avian studies: Original Articles, Short Notes, Reviews, Letters (papers providing academic information promptly even if it is insuﬃcient to interpret the results), Commentaries (opinions or critiques of a preceding paper), Perspectives (discussions on the signiﬁcance and/or the prospect of preceding paper(s)), Materials(materials and/or data published to contribute toward academic understanding), and Miscellanies (travelogues about
participation in a congress or ﬁeld research, an academic opinion, information, book reviews, obituaries, etc.). All
categories of avian studies are included from natural science to human science. In the case of natural science, various
forms of observation records, descriptive papers, hypothesis veriﬁcation papers, and so on are welcome. One volumeof the journal is published annually and consists of two issues.
Preparation of manuscripts
The manuscript must be clearly typed in 20 ~ 25 lines, on A4 paper, using a word processor or similar. Left, right,
top and bottom margins 3 cm wide should be present. There should be no end-of-line hyphenation, and font size
should exceed 10 points. Each page must be printed on one side only.
The ﬁrst page of the manuscript should contain the title of the manuscript and author information (in a multipleauthored paper, the author to whom correspondence should be addressed should also be indicated), including the fullname of the author, mailing and electronic addresses, and telephone number. The number of pages of text, ﬁgures,and tables should be respectively listed. Clearly indicate what category of manuscript is being submitted. The title,author(s) and text should begin on the second page; pages should be numbered sequentially in the center bottom margin of each subsequent page and each line should be numbered in the left margin.
Manuscripts of Original Articles, Short Notes, Reviews, and Letters should be arranged logically into sections
headed ʻIntroduction,ʼ ʻMethods,ʼ ʻResults,ʼ and ʻDiscussion,ʼ although this rule is not applied to Commentaries,
Perspectives, Materials, and Miscellanea. Short Notes must not exceed 10 pages. Ten pages, excluding tables andﬁgures, contain approximately 39,000 characters, including spaces. Manuscripts with poor English may be rejected.
〈Format of manuscripts〉
Title (in English), Author information (in English, including full names of all authors, their afﬁliations, mailingand electronic addresses), Abstract (in English), Key words (both in English and Japanese), Introduction, Methods,Results, Discussion, or (Results and Discussion), Acknowledgements, References, Title (in Japanese), Abstract(in Japanese), Figure legends, Tables, Figures, (Appendix). This format is not applied to commentaries, perspectives,materials, and miscellanea.
The Abstract (preferably less than 300 words in English, and less than 800 characters in Japanese) should stateclearly and concisely the objectives of the work and give the principal results and conclusions. Neither itemization norline feed are permitted. Key words should be ﬁve or less, and be listed in alphabetical order. The ﬁrst letter of each key
word should be in upper case. Key words in Japanese should be arranged in the same order as the translated English Keywords. In cases where overseas authors have difﬁculty in preparing the Title, Abstract and Keywords in Japanese, it isInstructions for Authors

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permissible to submit only an English version: the editorial board will undertake the task of translation.

Nomenclature and units
The ﬁrst letters of common names of birds should be in upper case, e.g. Tree Sparrow. In contrast, common namesof all other organisms except for birds should be typed in lower case. At ﬁrst mention respectively in the Abstract,text, and Abstract in Japanese, the common name of an organism should be accompanied by its scientiﬁc name; thelatter should be typed in italics on manuscripts. Authors are requested to use the International System of Units (SI),but in exceptional cases and subject to the approval of the editors, use of alternative units may be permitted.
Specimens and samples
Author(s) must specify the institute(s) holding specimens and/or samples used in the study, and their accession
numbers. DNA sequences are required to be deposited in DDBJ/GenBank/EMBL or an equivalent databank, andtheir accession numbers must be stated in the paper.
References
References cited in the text should be given in the form of Wilson (1995), or (Wilson 1995). Multiple references
should be separated by a semicolon, e.g. (Lack 1966; Wilson & Brown 1998). Multiple-year references by the sameauthor(s) should be given in the form of, for example, (Wilson 1992, 1993). Multiple references published by an author in the same year should be diﬀerentiated by a lower case letter, e.g. (Wilson 1986a, 1986b). References that include two authors should list their surnames separated by an ampersand (&), e.g. (Wilson & Brown 1998). For threeor more coauthors, the ﬁrst coauthorʼs surname should be followed by ʻet al.,ʼ and the names of other coauthors omitted, e.g. (Wilson et al. 1988). Multiple references must be cited chronologically, and references published in the sameyear should be arranged in alphabetical order by author. Unpublished data should be cited as, for example, (Wilsonunpublished data), and whenever included with multiple references, should be listed after other published references.
References accepted for publication and currently in the process of printing should be cited as, for example, (Wilsonin press).
Reference list
All references cited in the text must be listed in the reference list (unpublished data cited in the text should not belisted). Arrange references in alphabetical order by authorʼs surname; in the case where other references by the ﬁrst
coauthor are cited, these references should be arranged in alphabetical order of the second coauthorʼs surname (or thefollowing coauthor). List the references written by the same author(s) in chronological order. Give the reference title
and publication in English irrespective of the language used in the original reference: in cases where the title is not inEnglish, one should be provided by translating the existing title into English, and indicating the original language atthe end of the reference as, for example, (in Japanese), or (in Russian with English summary). Papers accepted for
publication and currently in the process of printing should be listed as ʻin pressʼ in place of the year of publication; if
these details are known, the name and volume number and page numbers of the journal in which the published article
will appear should be given.
References should be in the following formats, including whole book, chapter (paper) in a book, journal paper,and information on a website. The authorʼs surname should be listed ﬁrst, followed by the initials of his/her given
name(s); in multi-authored references use comma (,) and ampersand (&) to separate the names of authors.

70〈Whole book〉
Authorʼs name, year of publication, book title (the entire title should be italicized), publisher, and place of issue
should be listed in order as shown below. In the case where the book was edited, or written and edited, add (ed) or(eds) after the name of the author(s). The format for citing dissertations is identical with that deﬁned for whole book.
Lack D (1966) Population studies of birds. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Cramp S & Perrins CM (eds) (1988) The birds of the Western Palearctic, vol. 5. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Freeman S (1991) Molecular systematics and morphological evolution in the Blackbirds. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle.
〈Chapter (paper) in a book〉
Authorʼs name, year of publication, title of chapter/paper, editor(s) of the book, title of book that contains thechapter/paper, (the entire title should be italicized), cited page numbers, publisher, and place of issue should be listed
in order as follows.
Walters JR (1998) The ecological basis of avian sensitivity to habitat fragmentation. In: Marzluﬀ JM & Sallabanks R(eds) Avian conservation: 181–192. Island Press, Washington, D.C.
〈Journal paper〉
Authorʼs name, year of publication, title of paper, title and volume number of the journal that contains the paper,and cited page numbers should be listed in order as shown below. Journal title should be written in the abbreviation
which the journal recommends.
Oka N, Yamamuro M, Hiratsuka J & Satoh H (1999) Habitat selection by wintering Tufted Ducks with special reference to their digestive organs, and to possible segregation between neighboring populations. Ecol Res 14: 303–315.
〈Information on a website〉
Information on a website should be cited only if no alternative refereed source of that information is available. In
the case of citation, authorʼs name, title, publisher, available URL, reference date should be listed in order as shown
below.
Gill F & Donsker D (eds) (2018) IOC world bird list (v 8.2). http://www.worldbirdnames.org/, accessed on 21 September 2018.
Figures and tables
Each ﬁgure or table should be presented individually on a single page. In order that they be clearly legible whenpublished, submitted ﬁgures must be of high resolution. Figures and tables should be numbered serially, and should
be numbered even if only a single ﬁgure or table is submitted, e.g. ʻFig. 1,ʼ or ʻTable 1.ʼ Photographs are regarded asﬁgures. In principle, the ﬁgure will be printed in grayscale. The ﬁgure on the manuscript should be submitted ingrayscale. When the editorial board judges a color print of a ﬁgure to be necessary, the ﬁgure will be printed in color.
In the case that author(s) desires a ﬁgure to be printed in color although the editors judge a grayscale print of the ﬁgure to be enough, the author(s) must pay the extra charge for a color print. In the manuscript, ﬁgure legends must beInstructions for Authors

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listed together on a page following sequentially after text; they should not be included on those pages containing
ﬁgures themselves. Table legends must be included above their respective table.
Citation of multiple ﬁgures and tables in the text should be given in the form of (Figs. 1 and 3), or (Tables 5–7) if
they are sequential numbers.
Appendix
Appendix ﬁgures and tables can be included if necessary. Their formats are as for ﬁgures and tables. Number
ﬁgures and tables serially; number them even if only a single ﬁgure or table is submitted, e.g. ʻAppendix 1.ʼ In themanuscript, appendix tables and ﬁgures must be located after ﬁgures.
Manuscript submission
Manuscripts prepared as electronic documents should be sent by E-mail to〈journal@yamashina.or.jp〉. Manuscripts are recommended to be prepared using MS Word. In this case, the standard ﬁle format of MS Word is acceptable for a ﬁle format of the manuscript. In other cases, the manuscript should be submitted as a PDF ﬁle or a text ﬁle.
Figures should be submitted either contained in the same ﬁle as the text, or as other, separate, PDF formatted ﬁles. Ifauthor(s) cannot use E-mail, send one copy of the manuscript by mail to the following address:
The Editorial Board of the JYIO
Yamashina Institute for Ornithology
115 Konoyama, AbikoChiba 270–1145, Japan
Manuscripts should not be folded. Original illustrations (or photographs) must not be sent until the manuscript has
been accepted . Manuscripts that are not prepared according to the above instructions will be returned directly to theauthor for revision and reformatting, before being refereed.
Reviewing process
Manuscripts submitted as Original Article, Review, or Short Note will be peer-reviewed by at least two referees,
whereas manuscripts submitted as Letter, Commentary, and Perspective will be peer-reviewed by at least one referee.
The editorial board decides to publish the manuscript based on the reviewersʼ comments. Wherever factual, content,
grammatical or formatting errors have been detected, the editorial board requires contributors to modify their manuscripts accordingly. Authors must correct their manuscript. Resubmit the corrected or revised version by E-mail andprovide an explanation detailing how the refereeʼs comments have been addressed. If the manuscript is judged as being inappropriate for publication, the editorial board will notify the authors and provide the reason for non-acceptance. In manuscripts submitted as Material and Miscellanea, the editorial board will accept manuscripts for publication only after the author(s) has modiﬁed it to comply with the editorial boardʼs comments.
Procedure after acceptanceThe date on which the Editor in Chief approved the inclusion of the manuscript is designated as the date of acceptance. Following manuscript acceptance, the author must send the original illustrations or photographs and the ﬁnal
manuscript by E-mail. At the stage of ﬁrst proofs, an order form for reprints will be supplied; ﬁll in the required
number of reprints (numbers from a single reprint upwards are acceptable). Fifty reprints are provided free for each72
manuscript. Authors requiring in excess of this amount will be charged for the extra reprints.
Authors must correct the ﬁrst proof and return it as soon as possible, ideally within seven days of receipt. In theﬁrst proof, only typographic errors should be corrected; modiﬁcation of content is not allowed. The editorial board
will attend to proofs that are later than the second proof.
Contact E-mail: journal@yamashina.or.jp