Informa Sustainability Reporting
Methodology
March 2023

Informa PLC | Sustainability Reporting Methodology – 2023

Information Classification: GeneralAbout this Document
This document records the principles and methodologies that Informa uses when gathering and reporting
data used in its sustainability reporting. This includes for our sustainability report, annual report andvarious indices such as the DJSI, CDP etc.
It applies to the 2022 reporting year.

Relevant Policies
This document is written in support of Informa’s policies which guide our reporting programme. This
includes several documents such as: Informa’s Code of Conduct
 Informa’s Sustainability Policy Informa’s Community Partnerships Policy Informa’s Paper and Timber Policy Informa’s Diversity and Inclusion Policy
This list is not exhaustive.

Underlying Reporting Principles
The following principles underlie our approach to sustainability reporting: Our reporting is focused on the issues that we consider to be most material to our stakeholders
and our business. We believe the most material issues for us include aspects of: our content, ourcustomers, our communities, our colleagues and the environment.
 Alignment with financial reporting boundaries is preferable except where this would lead to thedata being misrepresentative or out of line with stakeholder expectations.
 The reporting period for our sustainability reporting is the same as our financial reporting period,
from 1 January to 31 December annually.
 All data and information should be a fair reflection of our performance and aims to provide
sufficient transparency for the reader to have confidence in the performance of the business.
 We seek to be clear about the definitions, scope and boundaries of our reporting.
 The data reported is consistent with the definitions, scope and boundaries stated in this Reporting
Methodology document.
 Unless otherwise stated, our sustainability data cover all of Informa’s operations.
o If an incomplete data set can be reasonably completed using extrapolation, a prudent
method should be used.
o If we have any exclusions in our reporting due to data gaps, then those exclusions should
be clearly stated.
o Any assumptions that we make should be clearly stated, and the accounting andcalculation methods explained.
 Any material changes in data scope or measurement methodologies versus the previous
reporting years are clearly disclosed.

Informa PLC | Sustainability Reporting Methodology – 2023

Information Classification: GeneralReporting boundaries
Our business is structured and reported under five divisions: Informa Connect
 Informa Markets
 Informa Tech Taylor & Francis
 Global Support / GroupAs per the protocol for financial reporting, we include the data for any business sold up until the date it issold and begin to include data for any business that is bought from the date the acquisition completes.
Exceptions may be made following any materially significant acquisition or disposal where restating data
would allow a more appropriate comparison of performance, but this would be clearly stated.
Additionally, we may make an exception where such reporting may lead to the data being
misrepresentative or out of line with stakeholder expectations. Again, this would be clearly stated in thiscircumstance.
Use of estimates
In some cases, we need to use estimates rather than actual data to fill data gaps. For example, some of
our offices are shared spaces with other companies and we may not have the ability to measure actualenergy usage for our allocated space; in such cases we may then take an estimate of our usage based on
our share of the building’s floor space. We have stated in this document where such estimates have beenmade. We may also choose to use good practice industry benchmarks/levels where no other data ispractically available.
Restatement of reported data
We think it is important for the business and for the readers of our Sustainability reports to be able to see
our sustainability performance over time. We therefore want to use consistent methodologies, definitions,and scope from year to year to allow this. Sometimes this means that we may need to restate the datafrom previous years as the methodologies we use change.
As recommended by the GHG Protocol, we may also recalculate our data for prior years to reflect any
significant or structural changes to the Group (e.g., acquisition, divestiture, mergers, insourcing or
outsourcing).
The threshold value for a significant change is a change of more than 5% in the value of each KPI (e.g.
scope 1 emissions, scope 2 emissions, total waste, etc.).
These recalculations may increase or decrease the carbon emissions and waste data for the baseline yearof our FasterForward targets, as well as the carbon emissions data for the baseline year of our ScienceBased Targets).
Data completenessTo ensure data completeness we obtain a list of Informa offices from the Real Estate team and crossreference it with the headcount information obtained from Human Resources (HR). Any discrepancy isInforma PLC | Sustainability Reporting Methodology – 2023

Information Classification: Generalinvestigated with the Real Estate team or the HR team. The list includes all offices including space rented
in coworking facilities (e.g. WeWork). No environmental data is collected for home-based workers, however
we have estimated the emissions from working from home.
Roles, responsibilities and accountabilities
Data is collected from the following sources: Group level contacts in departments such as Finance, Compliance, etc
 Divisional level contacts in departments such as HR
 Office level contacts for data such as some local office volunteering or some environmental data
The data is then sense checked by Informa’s Sustainability team.
Transparency, honesty and integrity in sustainability reporting
We seek to present a fair reflection of our work on sustainability. We use the reporting principles from the
GRI guidance (GRI 1 – Foundation document) to ensure that our sustainability reporting is accurate anddoes not make unsubstantiated claims about our environmental or social impacts, avoiding what issometimes called greenwashing. These principles are: accuracy, balance, clarity, comparability, reliability
and timeliness.
To meet these requirements,
 We focus on our most material issues
 We are transparent about our reporting methodology
 We report based on accepted sustainability frameworks such as GRI, SASB and TCFD and alsoseek to present information that is important and material. We do not overemphasise issues thatare immaterial to the company or have limited relevance to stakeholders
 We provide at least annual updates on progress against our commitments in our sustainability
reports
 We seek independent verification of our data
Data assurance
Each year, Informa’s internal audit team reviews a selection of externally reported data from theSustainability Report.
To further increase our data accuracy and in response to stakeholder requests, we introduced external
assurance over a selection of our data in 2019. The data in scope of external assurance for 2022 isindicated with an (A) in the table below.
We engaged Bureau Veritas to undertake a limited assurance engagement using the ISAE 3000 assurance
standards. Their conclusion and a summary of the work they performed is included within their assurance
statement which is available on our website at: www.informa.com/sustainability/sustainability-reports.
The following section details the definitions and methodologies we use for each of the five pillars that form
part if our sustainability programme: content, customers, community, colleagues and environment.

Informa PLC | Sustainability Reporting Methodology – 2023

Information Classification: General

Content & Customers
Methodology
Metric: Number of countries sold into
Definition: The total number of countries that Informa sells books, subscriptions or services, or runs events
Boundaries: All countries where Informa runs events or directly sells books or subscriptions into
Methodology: Group Finance collects the data at year end from the divisions for use in the Annual Report.
Metric: Number of new books published
Definition: Number of new books published during the reporting period
Boundaries: All new books published by Taylor & Francis within the calendar year
Methodology: Data is obtained from a report run by the Research & Analytics Department.
Metric: E-books to search and download
Definition: Total number of e-books to search and download
Boundaries: All e-books published by Taylor & Francis
Methodology: Data is obtained from a report run by the Research & Analytics Department.
Metric: Percentage of e-books
Definition: The proportion of all books available in electronic format
Boundaries: All books published by Taylor & Francis
Methodology: Data is obtained from a report run by the Research & Analytics Department.
Metric: Open access journals

Informa PLC | Sustainability Reporting Methodology – 2023

Information Classification: GeneralMethodology
Definition: The number of journals that are wholly open access
Boundaries: All journals published by Taylor & Francis
Methodology: Data is obtained from a report run by the Research & Analytics Department.
Metric: Open access articles published
Definition: The number of open access articles
Boundaries: All articles published by Taylor & Francis
Methodology: Data is obtained from a report run by the Research & Analytics Department.
Metric: Number of journals downloaded through INASP
Definition: The count of all FTDs (Full Text Downloads) downloaded through the INASP Platform
Boundaries: All journals that have been downloaded in the INASP system.
Methodology: Data is obtained from a report run by the Research & Analytics Department.
Metric: Journal articles downloaded
Definition: The number of journals that have been downloaded by customers
Boundaries: All journals published by Taylor & Francis
Methodology: Data is obtained from a report run by the Research & Analytics Department.
Metric: Proportion of accepted academic articles from developing countries
Definition: The proportion of all accepted articles that are from developing countries
Boundaries: All journal articles reviewed by Taylor & Francis

Informa PLC | Sustainability Reporting Methodology – 2023

Information Classification: GeneralMethodology
Methodology: Research & Analytics Department provides the raw data of accepted and rejected articles by country. The Sustainability team then categorises the countries
into Developed, Developing, Economy in Transition and Major Developed Economy based on the United Nations definition. This then allows the developing country articles
to be calculated as a percentage of total.
Metric: Content in T&F Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Online library
Definition: The number of book chapters and journal articles in the T&F SDGO library
Boundaries: T&F SDG Online library
Methodology: Data is obtained from the T&F SDGO library.
Metric: Events participating in ‘The Fundamentals’ that support the sustainable development of the industry
Definition: The average score received on the Question 1 of the Fundamentals
Boundaries: All Informa events participating in the Fundamentals
Methodology:
We calculate an average of the scores received for question 1 by all events participating in the Fundamentals.
More information on ‘The Fundamentals’ is available in our sustainability report: https://www.informa.com/sustainability/sustainability-reports/
Metric: Percentage of attendees covered by renewable electricity at events.
Definition: The percentage of customers who have attended events that have been powered by renewable electricity.
Methodology: We determine the share of Informa event attendees covered by renewable electricity at events as a percentage of all attendees of Informa events.
Metric: The Percentage of events that have embedded ‘Sustainability Inside’.
Definition: The percentage of Informa events that have been able to identify and demonstrate where Sustainability Inside has featured significantly as part of their productset within the calendar year
Methodology: We calculate the percentage of events which have embedded Sustainability Inside the brand and achieved Fundamental 13.

Informa PLC | Sustainability Reporting Methodology – 2023

Information Classification: GeneralMethodology
More information on ‘The Fundamentals’ is available here:
https://www.informa.com/globalassets/documents/sustainability/informa-2019-sustainability-report.pdf#page=16

Informa PLC | Sustainability Reporting Methodology – 2023

Information Classification: General

Communities
Methodology
Metric: Connecting the disconnected
Definition: Number of disconnected people that we helped access our knowledge and networks with our products and customer markets.
Boundaries: All Informa products.
Methodology: There are varied reasons why people and businesses may have traditionally found it challenging to access our content. We focus on improving:Accessibility: We all have different abilities, physical or mental attributes, and by considering these in the design of our products, more people can connect.
Social equity: By providing for and welcoming different social groups or cultures, such as gender, sexuality, race or religion, we can create opportunities for people toengage with our products.
Understanding: By considering factors such as language, technical terminology and the experience and levels of education of audiences, we can make our products
more accessible.
Access to resources: We can design our products to improve accessibility for those with different levels of resource including visas to travel, an internet connection, andbuying power.

Metric: Number and percentage of colleagues volunteering
Definition: The number and percentage of colleagues taking part in volunteering activities during the reporting period, and the number of hours volunteered, where these
activities are organised, supported or encouraged by Informa.
Boundaries: All Informa colleagues including full time and part time but excluding contractors and temporary workers.
Methodology: The number of hours and number of colleagues volunteering is obtained from reports from the Human Resources (HR) systems in which colleagues bookvolunteering time. We also collect volunteering data from our Benefacto volunteering booking system and from our global network of Sustainability Champions across thebusiness for volunteering activities not captured in our HR systems.
Metric: Company donations – cash
Definition: The amount of money donated by Informa to charitable organisations

Informa PLC | Sustainability Reporting Methodology – 2023

Information Classification: GeneralMethodology
Boundaries: Informa Group
Methodology: This data is obtained from the Group Finance system.
We also collect leveraged donations raised by events but not processed through our finance systems.
Metric: Company donations – volunteer programme costs
Definition: The value of time and cash donated by Informa to charitable organisations
Boundaries: Informa Group
Methodology: This data is collected in the ‘Informa Sustainability Report Master Table’ and includes the following volunteer and charity programme organisation costs:


Cost of organising volunteering activities at the local and Group level. This is calculated by multiplying the average cost per person per day (obtained from Group
Finance) by the total number of staff days spent organising volunteering. The time spent organising volunteering is obtained from the Sustainability Champions.
Cost of employing colleagues during their volunteering activities– calculated by multiplying the average cost per person per day by the number of days
volunteered.

The number of days volunteered is calculated by adding the data from our HR systems and any additional volunteering time obtained from the Sustainability champions.
Metric: Donations in kind
Definition: The value of products and services donated by Informa to charitable organisations. This includes:Donations in kind reported by the Sustainability Champions
The Informa Sustainable Event Management System reporting system for events (donations of equipment, exhibitor space or tickets)
Value donated by T&F (free and discounted publishing services, training and accessible content represent)

Boundaries: Informa Group
Methodology: This data is obtained from our Sustainability Champions. For events, we collect donations data through our Informa Sustainable Event Management System
reporting process.
Metric: Colleagues fundraising

Informa PLC | Sustainability Reporting Methodology – 2023

Information Classification: GeneralMethodology
Definition: Private monies raised by Informa colleagues at work or through encouragement or incentivisation they have received at work
Boundaries: Informa Group
Methodology: This data is obtained from our Sustainability Champions and includes donations as part of long-term charity partnership, one off donations and amounts
raised by colleagues such as team runs, bake sales, food drives, etc.
We also include all monies raised by colleagues during our annual global Walk The World programme (see indicators below for more information).
Metric: Tax paid
Definition: The Group’s total tax contribution
Boundaries: Informa Group
Methodology: Total tax contribution is made up of the taxes borne by the Group plus other taxes generated as a result of our business operations, where we collect tax onbehalf of others and provide it to the relevant government tax authorities.
The most significant taxes borne by the Group are corporation tax and equivalent taxes outside of the UK, and employer social security contributions.
The taxes we collect for others include net payments of VAT and similar taxes outside of the UK, employee income tax deducted at source and employee social security
contributions deducted from pay.
More details can be found at: https://informa.com/investors/tax/
Metric: Statutory effective tax rate
Definition: average rate at which Informa’s pre-tax profits are taxed
Boundaries: Informa Group
Methodology: The Statutory effective tax rate is Informa’s statutory tax charge divided by the statutory profit before tax.
Metric: Economic impact on host cities

Informa PLC | Sustainability Reporting Methodology – 2023

Information Classification: GeneralMethodology
Boundaries: all Informa physical events
Methodology:
We worked with an independent consultancy, Little Blue Research, to develop a methodology to measure the economic impacts of our events on host cities. The tool
focuses on attendees’ spend on hotels, food and local transportation as well as Informa’s spend on local suppliers.
The model takes into account the percentage of spend that stays within the local economy and an industry multiplier to account for money that is recycled through thelocal economy to impact GDP.
We believe that the estimates calculated areconservative compared to the actual economic impacts generated by our events as we are in the process of expanding the model to include other impacts including local
spend by exhibitors on contractors, local taxes and sales generated by local exhibitors at the event.
In 2022, we calculated the economic impact on 17 cities where we have the most attendees.
Metric: Number of events to support authors
Definition: number of events held by Informa to support authors.
Boundaries: Taylor & Francis
Methodology: Taylor & Francis holds workshops throughout the year, in various locations around the world, to train authors better understand the publishing process andhelp them get published. Information about each workshop (name, location, attendance, etc) is obtained from Taylor & Francis.
Metric: Number of events to support authors from developing countries
Boundaries: Taylor & Francis
Methodology: The Sustainability team uses the events data provided by Taylor & Francis and then categorises the countries where each event was held into Developed andDeveloping based on the United Nations definition. This then allows the number of workshops in developing countries to be calculated.

Informa PLC | Sustainability Reporting Methodology – 2023

Information Classification: GeneralColleagues
Methodology
Metric: HeadcountDefinition: The total number of colleagues on the payroll averaged over the 12-month period.
Boundaries: All colleagues in Informa, both part time and full time. Excludes contractors.
Methodology: The number of colleagues is calculated monthly based on data obtained from our HR systems. The annual headcount data is calculated as the average of themonthly headcounts.
Note: for 2018, we calculated the average of monthly headcounts from the date of UBM acquisition.
Metric: Full time colleagues
Definition: The percentage of full time colleagues as of 31 December.
Boundaries: All full time colleagues in Informa. Excludes contractors.
Methodology: The percentage of full time colleagues is calculated at year end.
Metric: Number of contractors
Definition: The number of contractors as of 31 December.
Boundaries: All contractors employed by Informa.
Methodology: The number of contractors is calculated at year end.
Metric: Spend on training (A)Definition: The amount of money spent on training each year
Boundaries: Informa Group

Informa PLC | Sustainability Reporting Methodology – 2023

Information Classification: GeneralMethodology
Methodology: The training spend is obtained from Group Finance. Spend occurred outside of the UK is converted to GBP using actual exchange rates at the time of thetransactions.
Metric: Colleague turnover (voluntary and involuntary)
Definitions: The percentage of colleagues who have left Informa during the year either voluntarily or involuntarily.
Involuntary turnover: percentage of colleagues who have left the business due to termination of employment by the company through redundancy or the disciplinary
process during the reporting year, relative to average headcount.
Voluntary turnover: percentage of colleagues who have left the business through resignation or retirement during the reporting year, relative to average headcount.
Total turnover: percentage of colleagues who have left the business during the reporting year, relative to average headcount.
Boundaries: All colleagues at Informa, both part time and full time. Excludes contractors
Methodology: The total number of colleagues who left the business voluntarily and those who left involuntarily is obtained from our HR systems.
Turnover is calculated based on the average total headcount for the year.
Metric: Absenteeism (A)Definition: Average sickness absence per colleague in days.
Boundaries: All colleagues at Informa, both part time and full time, who report sickness data in our HR systems. Excludes contractors and those who’ve been on long term
sickness for 6 months.
Methodology: The total number of sick days is obtained from our HR systems. A sickness rate is then calculated using the average number of colleagues included in thesesystems.
Note: Not all parts of the business are using an absence tracking system, so the data provided does not cover every colleague. In 2022, the data reported covered 99% of
the total headcount.
Metric: Gender split of all colleagues (A)Informa PLC | Sustainability Reporting Methodology – 2023

Information Classification: GeneralMethodology
Definition: The percentage of female colleagues on the last day of the financial year
Boundaries: All colleagues at Informa, both part time and full time. Excludes contractors.
Methodology: The total number of male and female colleagues as of 31 December is obtained from our HR systems. The percentage of female colleagues is thencalculated.
Note: colleagues who chose not to report their gender are excluded from the calculations.
Metric: Gender split of management (A)Definition: The percentage of female colleagues in the defined population of managers on the last day of the financial year
Boundaries: All colleagues at Informa, both part time and full time, who have line management responsibilities. Excludes contractors.
Methodology: The total number of male and female managers as of 31 December is obtained from our HR systems. The percentage of female managers is then calculated.
Metric: Gender split of leadership group (A)Definition: The percentage of female colleagues in the leadership group on the last day of the financial year
Boundaries: All colleagues at Informa, both part time and full time, who are part of the leadership group, which is defined as Executives, their direct reports and colleagues
on salary of over £150k.
Methodology: The total number of male and female colleagues in the leadership group as of 31 December is obtained from our HR systems. The percentage of female
colleagues in that group is then calculated.
Metric: Gender split of board of directors (A)Definition: The percentage of female members of the Board on the last day of the financial year
Boundaries: All Board members of Informa
Methodology: Manual count of board members as of 31 December.
Metric: Gender split of promotions (A)Informa PLC | Sustainability Reporting Methodology – 2023

Information Classification: GeneralMethodology
Definition: The percentage of female colleagues as a proportion of all promotions during the year
Boundaries: All colleagues at Informa, both part time and full time, who have been promoted during the year
Methodology: The total number of male and female colleagues who have been promoted during the year is obtained from our HR systems. The percentage of female
colleagues who received a promotion is then calculated.
Metric: Gender pay gap
Definition: The gender pay gap is the average difference between how much men and women are paid.
Boundaries: All Informa colleagues based in the UK
Methodology: We report the UK median gender pay ratio using the UK Government reporting methodology.
The Group figure for 2018 was calculated by combining the total figures for Informa and UBM entities that were separately reported that year.
More detailed information is available in our annual ‘UK Colleagues and Pay Report’ available at: https://www.informa.com/gpg/
Metric: Colleagues by age groups
Definition: The percentage of colleagues by age groups
Boundaries: All colleagues at Informa, both part time and full time. Excludes contractors.
Methodology: The total number of colleagues in each age group as of 31 December is obtained from our HR systems. The percentage for each age group is then calculated.
The age groups are:






colleagues aged 29 or less;colleagues aged 30-39;
colleagues aged 40-49;
colleagues aged 50-59;
colleagues aged 60 or above

Metric: Number of Walk The World (WTW) walkers

Informa PLC | Sustainability Reporting Methodology – 2023

Information Classification: GeneralMethodology
Definition: Number of WTW participants
Boundaries: All Informa colleagues and external guests
Methodology: The number of walkers taking part in our annual WTW programme is calculated through the number of registered participants on our WTW website. For
some walks, participants were registered manually via sign-up sheets. This data was then sent to the Sustainability team.
Metric: Percentage of Informa colleagues taking part in WTWDefinition: Percentage of WTW participants
Boundaries: All Informa colleagues
Methodology: The percentage of colleagues is calculated using the total number of walkers calculated above and the total number of colleagues in August, defined to be
the ‘peak point’ of the WTW programme in 2022, as many walks take place around this date.
Metric: distance walked during WTW programmeDefinition: Number of kilometres pledged
Boundaries: All WTW participants, including colleagues and external guests
Methodology: Every walk has a registration page on our WTW website. When colleagues register, they pick the walk distance they will complete (i.e. 5km, 10km etc). Total
distance is the sum of all kilometres pledged by all participants.
For walks where some participants did not pick a distance, we used an average distance walked based on the available distances for that event.
Metric: WTW charitable donations
Definition: Amount of charitable donations raised through a combination of colleague and company donations as part of the WTW programme
Boundaries: Informa Group and external donors
Methodology: Donations raised as part of the WTW programme come from the following sources:

Online donations:

Informa PLC | Sustainability Reporting Methodology – 2023

Information Classification: GeneralMethodology
When colleagues registered for a walk, an online fundraising page is created for them. The online donations total is calculated by adding the donations from all individual
fundraising pages.
Offline donations:Sustainability Champions manually record offline donations for their office/colleagues and submit the totals to the Sustainability team through Excel spreadsheets.
Informa donations:
Informa provides additional funding through internal competitions.
Metric: Walk the World – employee survey
Definition: Feedback survey post WTW participation
Boundaries: All colleagues who participated in WTW and received the survey.
Methodology: After WTW, a link to a Microsoft Forms feedback survey was sent out to all colleagues via email.
Metric: Colleague engagement survey
Definition: Colleagues engagement index score
Boundaries: All colleagues directly employed by Informa on a permanent basis or fixed term contract, and who joined before 1 March 2022.
Methodology: The colleagues engagement score is calculated by averaging the percentage of respondents who agree to each individual statement below:






I believe strongly in the goals and objectives of the business I work for
I would recommend the business I work for as a good place to work
I am willing to work beyond what is required in my job to help the business I work for succeed
My work gives me a sense of personal accomplishment
I have the equipment/tools/resources I need to do my job effectively

Informa PLC | Sustainability Reporting Methodology – 2023

Information Classification: General

Environment
Methodology
Metric: Total energy consumption (kWh)Definition: Consumption of energy (in kWh)Boundaries: All Informa sites, power generators used at events and company cars
Methodology: We add up our annual consumption of natural gas, electricity, generator fuel and mobile fuel.
The calculations for each energy source are explained below.
Metric: Total energy use per revenues (kWh/£m)
Definition: Consumption of energy per million of revenues (in kWh/£m)
Boundaries: All Informa sites, power generators used at events and company cars
Methodology: We add up our annual consumption of natural gas, electricity, generator fuel and mobile fuel.
Total energy use is then divided by total revenues in £m.
Metric: Renewable electricity consumption (kWh)Definition: Consumption of renewable electricity (either purchased or self-generated) in kWhBoundaries: All Informa sites
Methodology: This includes the electricity used in offices where we generate our own electricity through solar PVs. In addition, we purchase Energy Attribute Certificates(EACs) for all offices where it is possible and practical to do so.
An EAC, is a certificate that provides information about the environmental attributes of one megawatt hour (MWh) of electricity. Each EAC is retired on our behalf. This
demonstrates that the electricity we use comes from renewable sources.

Informa PLC | Sustainability Reporting Methodology – 2023

Information Classification: GeneralMethodology
In line with good practice, we aim to purchase EACs and retire them in the year they were purchased. However, to ensure our programme is cost effective, we do use
allowances from previous years in the following year if there is a surplus from the previous year. Similarly, should our forecasts purchase insufficient EACs for the calendar
year, we can choose to use allowances from the following year if EACs for the year of consumption are unavailable or at an excessive premium due to supply and demand.
In a few countries, where the EACs market is not developed and where our overall electricity consumption is minimal (i.e. less than 1% of total consumption), we purchase
EACs from a neighbouring country.
Metric: Proportion of renewable energy (%)
Definition: Amount of renewable energy (either purchased or self-generated) as a percentage of total energy use
Methodology: We divide the amount of renewable energy by the total amount of energy use.
Metric: Non-renewable energy consumption (kWh)Definition: Consumption of non-renewable energy (in kWh)Boundaries: All Informa sites, power generators used at events and company cars
Methodology: We add up our total annual energy consumption (as calculated above) and subtract our consumption of renewable electricity (as calculated above).
Metric: Number of offices with a green rating
Definition: Number of offices with a LEED or BREEAM rating
Boundaries: All Informa sites
Methodology: The Property team sent a survey to major offices asking whether their building had a LEED or BREEAM rating.
Metric: Colleagues based in an office with a green rating
Definition: Percentage of colleagues based in an office with a green rating (LEED or BREEAM)
Boundaries: All office-based colleagues
Methodology: We add up the total number of colleagues based in an office with a LEED or BREEAM rating, and divide by the total number of office-based colleagues as of
31 December.

Informa PLC | Sustainability Reporting Methodology – 2023

Information Classification: GeneralMethodology
Metrics: Natural gas consumption (kWh)Definition: Consumption of natural gas (in kWh)Boundaries: All Informa offices
Methodology: Consumption data is sought for each office with over 50 colleagues and entered in our Accuvio reporting system by local offices. For each office, any gaps indata are estimated in Accuvio in the following manner (except in offices and warehouses where we know that natural gas is not used):
1) if actual data was provided for 50% or more of days in the year: data gaps are filled by taking the average office consumption per m2 (based on the actual data for that
office during year);2) if actual data was provided for less than 50% of days in the year: annual data is estimated by taking the global consumption average per m2 (based on all available
consumption data for the year).
Consumption for offices with less than 50 colleagues (including rented desks in shared working spaces) is estimated based on the same global consumption average perm2.
Metrics: Scope 1 emissions from natural gas (A)Definition: CO2-equivalent (CO2e) emissions from consumption of natural gas.
Boundaries: All Informa offices
Methodology: We apply the relevant emission factors for natural gas (gross caloric value) to our natural gas consumption data (as calculated above).
The source of the emissions factors is the 2022 ‘UK Government GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting’ from the Department for Environment, Food and Rural
Affairs (DEFRA).
Metrics: Vehicle fuel consumption
Definition: Consumption of fuel in company cars
Boundaries: All fuel used in company vehicles by Informa colleagues for business travel.

Informa PLC | Sustainability Reporting Methodology – 2023

Information Classification: GeneralMethodology
Methodology: We have company cars in the UK and the Netherlands.
In the Netherlands, we obtain from the local Finance team the list of company cars, along with the emissions in gCO2/km for each car (estimated by the car manufacturer)
and the fuel consumption in litres. We assume that each driver only uses the company car for company business half of the time (the rest of the time they might use it for
personal travel or to commute, which is a scope 3 emission source).
In the UK, we obtain a list of company cars from our vehicle supplier (Zenith) with CO2e emissions data for each car. Distance travelled is recorded each time the car istaken to the garage. We use this data to calculate the km travelled for each car for the year. Finally, we apply an uplift of 13.56% as recommended by DEFRA and divide by 2
to account for personal use.
Fuel use in trucks for the Fort Lauderdale International Boat Show is collected by the local Operations team based on their financial records.
Metrics: Scope 1 CO2e emissions from vehicles (A)Definition: Consumption of fuel in company cars & CO2e emissions from consumption of vehicle fuelBoundaries: All fuel used in company vehicles by Informa colleagues for business travel.
Methodology: We use the distance travelled in km by each company car (as calculated above) and apply the relevant DEFRA emission factors for passenger vehicles tocalculate the tonnes of CO2e for all cars during the reporting year.
We also calculate emissions from the fuel used in trucks at the Fort Lauderdale International Boat Show by applying the relevant DEFRA emission factors for petrol (grosscaloric value) to the fuel consumption data.
Metrics: Consumption of generator fuelDefinition: Consumption of generator fuel & CO2e emissions from consumption of generator fuel.
Boundaries: All Informa offices and events.
Methodology: We use a material amount of generator fuel at two events: Farm Progress and the Fort Lauderdale International Boat Show. Fuel usage in generators at both
events is collected by local Operations teams based on their financial records and tracking systems.
All offices with over 50 colleagues are also report any generator fuel used during the reporting year.

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Metrics: Scope 1 CO2e emissions from generator fuel (A)Definition: Consumption of generator fuel & CO2e emissions from consumption of generator fuel.
Boundaries: All Informa offices and events.
Methodology: We apply the relevant DEFRA emission factors for diesel fuel (gross caloric value) to our diesel generator fuel consumption data (as calculated above).
Metric: Scope 1 emissions from refrigerants (A)Definition: CO2e emissions from refrigerants leaks
Boundaries: All Informa offices
Methodology: We conducted an audit of air-conditioning units (based on DEFRA guidance) at a sample of offices from around the world to estimate the average leakage
rate and average emissions per m2 of occupied office space.
We extrapolate these emissions average to all offices to calculate a total CO2e emissions from refrigerants.
Metric: Electricity consumption
Definition: Electricity consumption (in kWh) at all Informa offices and warehouses
Boundaries: All Informa sites
Methodology: Consumption data is sought for each site with over 50 colleagues and entered in the Accuvio system by local offices. For offices with smart meters, theSustainability team obtains the consumption data from our energy bureau provider Stark or from the energy supplier portal and upload it into Accuvio.
For each office, any gaps in data are estimated in our reporting system Accuvio in the following manner:
1) if actual data was provided for 50% or more of days in the year, data gaps are filled by taking the average office consumption per m2 (based on the actual data for that
office during year);

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2) if actual data was provided for less than 50% of days in the year, annual data is estimated by taking the global consumption average per m2 (based on all available
consumption data for the year).
Electricity consumption at warehouses where we do not have actual consumption data is estimated based on an average of consumption at other warehouses. Thisaverage is different from the office consumption average.
Metrics: Location-based & market-based scope 2 CO2e emissions (A)Definition: Location-based & market-based scope 2 CO2e emissions from consumption of electricity
Boundaries: All Informa sites
Methodology: Location-based emissions are calculated using the electricity consumption for each site calculated above and applying the relevant emission factor from theInternational Energy Agency.
Market-based emissions are calculated based on specific emission factors provided by energy suppliers or a factor of 0 for offices where we purchase green electricity,either via the energy supplier or via energy attribute certificates (EACs) purchased by Informa Group.
Metric: Scope 1&2 emissions intensity (A)Definition: Scope 1 and location-based scope 2 CO2e emissions intensity by colleague (in tCO2e/colleague)
Boundaries: Informa Group
Methodology: Emissions intensity is calculated by dividing the sum of scope 1 and location-based scope 2 CO2e emissions by the average headcount.
Metric: Scope 1&2 emissions intensity by revenues
Definition: Scope 1 and location-based scope 2 CO2e emissions per million of revenues (in tCO2e/£m)Boundaries: Informa Group
Methodology: Emissions intensity is calculated by dividing the sum of scope 1 and location-based scope 2 CO2e emissions by total revenues in £m.
Total energy use is then divided by total revenues in £m.

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Metric: Scope 1&2 emissions by division
Definition: Scope 1 and scope 2 CO2e emissions by division
Boundaries: Informa Group
Methodology: For each office, emissions are allocated to the division that holds the P&L. For the largest offices, if several divisions occupy the office, emissions are split
equally.
Metrics: Water use (A)Definition: Water use
Boundaries: All Informa offices
Methodology: An average water consumption per colleague is calculated based on primary data from a sample of offices. The average consumption is extrapolated to allother offices based on headcount.
Headcount for each office is calculated as an average of the January and December headcounts. For offices vacated during the year, we use the average between theJanuary headcount and the last full month of occupancy. For offices where we moved in during the year, we use the average between the first month of full occupancy andthe December headcount.
Note: water use at our events is calculated separately (see below)
Metric: Water use per employee
Definition: Office water use per employee
Boundaries: All Informa offices
Methodology: Water intensity is calculated by dividing the total water use in Informa offices by the average headcount.
Metric: Water use per revenues (m3/£m)
Definition: Office water use per million of revenues (m3/£m)

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Boundaries: All Informa offices
Methodology: Water intensity is calculated by dividing the total water use in Informa offices by total revenues (£m).
Metric: Offices in high water stressed areas
Definition: offices in high water stressed areas
Boundaries: All Informa offices
Methodology: We conducted an assessment of the water risk at all of our offices using the WRI Aquaduct tool. We then counted the number of offices rated as having ahigh or extremely high overall water risk (this is a weighted average of several risks, such as drought, flood, water stress, etc).
We then calculated the total water consumption at these offices as a percentage of total consumption.
Metric: Scope 3 emissions from purchased goods & services
Definition: scope 3 CO2e emissions from the purchase of goods and services
Boundaries: Informa Group
Methodology: Purchased Goods and Services are all goods and services purchased or acquired by Informa in the reporting year.
We obtain from the PACE procurement system all spend data, grouped by category. Spend is assigned to a CEDA category (economic input-output model). Emissions arecalculated by multiplying the spend by the CEDA emission factor. In 2019 and 2022, these calculations were performed by EcoAct who holds a licence to use the CEDA
emission factors. In 2020 and 2021, we estimated the emissions from each spend category based on the 2019 emissions and the ratio of 2020 and 2021 against 2019spend.
Unclassified spend was assigned an average emission factor based on emission factors used.
Some spend categories are excluded from the calculations as the emissions are calculated separately. These include spend related to events’ venues, colleagues’ travel andaccommodation, utilities, waste collection, postage and distribution.
Metric: Scope 3 emissions from capital goods

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Definition: scope 3 CO2e emissions from the purchase of capital goods
Boundaries: Informa Group
Methodology: Emissions from capital goods include the extraction, production, and transportation of capital goods purchased or acquired by Informa in the reporting year.
As above, emissions are calculated by multiplying Informa’s spend for each category of capital goods (obtained from Procurement) by the CEDA emission factor for eachcategory. In 2019 and 2022, these calculations are performed by EcoAct who holds a licence to use the CEDA emission factors. In 2020 and 2021, we estimated theemissions from each spend category based on the 2019 emissions and the ratio of 2020 and 2021 against 2019 spend.
Metrics: Well-to-Tank emissions (scope 3 emissions from fuel & energy related activities)
Definition: Upstream scope 3 CO2e emissions associated with extraction, refining and transportation of the raw fuel sources to Informa sites prior to combustion
Boundaries: Informa Group
Methodology: We apply the relevant DEFRA emission factors for well-to-tank to our natural gas, fuel and electricity consumption data.
Metrics: Transmission and distribution losses (scope 3 emissions from fuel & energy related activities) (A)Definition: Scope 3 emissions associated with electricity grid losses (the energy loss that occurs in getting the electricity from the power plant to Informa sites)
Boundaries: All Informa sites
Methodology: We apply the relevant DEFRA emission factors for transmission & distribution losses to our offices’ electricity consumption data.
Note: the calculations do not incorporate electricity consumption at colleagues’ homes or electric vehicles used for business.
Metric: Scope 3 emissions from upstream transport & distribution
Definition: Inbound and outbound logistics and distribution of printed products paid by Informa
Boundaries: Informa Group

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Methodology: We obtain postage and distribution spend from the PACE Procurement system and apply the relevant CEDA emission factors for these spend categories. As
with ‘Procured Goods & Services’, these calculations were performed by EcoAct in 2019 and 2022. In 2020 and 2021, we estimated the emissions from each spend category
based on the 2019 emissions and the ratio of 2020 and 2021 against 2019 spend.
Note: Emissions from transport and distributions associated with events are included in the ‘Downstream Transportation’ emissions category (see below).
Metric: Operational waste (A)Definition: Waste generated at Informa offices
Boundaries: All Informa offices
Methodology: An average amount of waste generated per colleague is calculated based on primary data from a sample of offices. The average amount of waste is
extrapolated to all other offices based on headcount. Extrapolated waste is assumed to go to landfill.
Headcount for each office is calculated as an average of the January and December headcounts. For offices vacated during the year, we use the average between theJanuary headcount and the last full month of occupancy. For offices where we moved in during the year, we use the average between the first month of full occupancy andthe December headcount.
Note: waste generated at our events is calculated separately (see ‘Scope 3 emissions from end of life treatment – events’ below).
Metric: Total waste (tonnes)
Definition: Office waste and books & journals sent for pulping (tonnes)
Boundaries: Informa Group
Methodology: Total waste is calculated by adding office waste (see methodology above) and the waste from the disposal of books and journals (see methodology below).
Metric: Total waste diverted from landfill (tonnes)
Definition: Office waste and books & journals sent for pulping that is diverted from landfill (tonnes)
Boundaries: Informa Group

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Methodology: We calculate the total office waste by country, then determine for each country an average percentage of waste that is diverted from landfill (i.e. recycled,
composted or sent to an energy from waste facility). This average is based on actual data collected in Accuvio or on government studies in the largest countries where we
operate.
The waste from the disposal of books and journals is sent for pulping and is therefore diverted from landfill.
Metric: Total waste per million of revenues (tonnes/£m)
Definition: Total waste per million of revenues (tonnes/£m)
Boundaries: Informa Group
Methodology: Waste intensity is calculated by dividing the total waste by total revenues (£m).
Metric: Scope 3 CO2e emissions from waste (A)Definition: Scope 3 CO2e emissions from waste generated at Informa offices
Boundaries: All Informa offices
Methodology: We apply the relevant DEFRA emission factors for recycling, incineration and landfill waste generated at our offices (as calculated above).
Metrics: Scope 3 emissions from water use
Definition: Scope 3 CO2e emissions from water use
Boundaries: All Informa offices
Methodology: We apply the relevant DEFRA emission factors for water use to our water consumption data (as calculated above).
Metric: Scope 3 emissions from business travel (A)Boundaries: All Informa colleagues
Methodology:

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Emissions from air travel:

Our travel booking provider TripAction provides an emissions report for all flights booked on Egencia, including radiative forcing.
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Ground transportation:

Emissions from ground transportation include emissions from train travel, taxis, travel in personal cars and in hire cars. Total emissions from ground transportation accountfor less than 1% of emissions from air travel. Due to the small size of these emissions, the calculations (detailed below) are based on estimates.
Train travel:
Train travel is generally booked directly with train companies (instead of TripAction). We obtain the total expenses on train travel from Group Finance. We then estimate thetotal distance travelled using an average cost per km of 0.69 GBP. This figure is taken from a European Commission study – “Study on the prices and quality of rail passenger
services” (page 14) for the average cost per km of train travel in the UK. The UK average was selected because of the large proportion of train trips taken in the UK by
Informa colleagues.
Using the estimated distance travelled, we then calculate CO2e emissions using the DEFRA factor for national rail travel.
Taxis:
Taxis are not booked through Egencia. We obtain the total expenses on taxis from Group Finance.
We then estimate the total distance travelled in taxis using an average cost of 0.13562 pence per metre. This figure is taken from taxi fares in London.
Using the estimated distance travelled, we then calculate CO2e emissions using the DEFRA factor for km travelled in taxis.
Travel in personal cars:
We obtain the total amount that colleagues claimed on expenses for mileage driven in their own cars from Group Finance.
We use the mileage rate used in the US ($0.63 per mile) to estimate a total distance travelled in personal cars.

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We then apply the DEFRA emission factor for an average car to calculate CO2e emissions.
Hire cars:
We obtain the total spend on hire cars from Group Finance and assume an average cost per km of £0.65 to calculate the total distance travelled in hire cars.
We then apply the DEFRA emission factor for an average car to calculate CO2e emissions.
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Hotels:

We obtain from TripAction the total number of hotel nights per country. For each country we apply the relevant DEFRA emission factor for hotel stays. For countries where
DEFRA did not provide an emission factor, we use the emission factor of a neighbouring country.
Metric: Scope 3 emissions from employee commuting
Definition: Scope 3 CO2e emissions from the transportation of colleagues between their homes and their worksites during the reporting year (in vehicles not owned or
operated by Informa)
Boundaries: All Informa colleagues
Methodology: To calculate emissions from commuting, we use EcoAct’s commuting model which calculates an estimated tCO2e emissions per employee per country.
Emission factors are calculated for each country by EcoAct using regional benchmarks and assumptions on transport method, speed and distance.
We then use the headcount per country data (obtained from HR) to calculate CO2e emissions from commuting.
These calculations were conducted in 2019 and 2022. In 2020 and 2021, due to Covid-19 restrictions, many of our offices were only partially occupied. We estimated theaverage office occupancy during the year for our largest offices and calculated an average adjusted headcount per country. We used this adjusted headcount to calculate
the 2020 and 2021 emissions from commuting, based on the 2019 data.
Metric: Scope 3 upstream leased assets
Definition: Scope 3 CO2e emissions from the operation of assets leased by the reporting company (lessee) in the reporting year and not included in scope 1 and scope 2 –reported by lessee

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Boundaries: Informa Group
Methodology: we do not operate any leased assets, which are not already reported in scope 1 &2
Metric: Scope 3 emissions from downstream transportation and distribution
Definition: Scope 3 CO2e emissions from logistics of main contractors and exhibitors at events organised by Informa
Boundaries: Informa Group
Methodology: Emissions from logistics of main contractors and logistics of exhibitors are calculated based on a sample of events and extrapolated to all events based onfloor space.
Metric: Scope 3 processing of sold products
Definition: Scope 3 CO2e emissions from the processing of intermediate products sold in the reporting year by downstream companies
Boundaries: Informa Group
Methodology: we are not a manufacturing company and do not process products
Metric: Scope 3 emissions from the use of sold products - digital products
Definition: Scope 3 CO2e emissions from the use of use of digital products by consumers and business customers
Boundaries: Online publications (primary Taylor & Francis’s electronic books and journals) and Informa Tech’s digital products.
Methodology:-

Taylor & Francis online publications:

Emissions from the use of online publications come from the energy consumed by end-users to read these publications through digital devices.

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The total number of journal and ebook downloads is obtained from Taylor & Francis. EcoAct uses this data to calculate the total time spent reading our digital publications,using an average reading time per journals and ebook. We then use an average emission factor per hour of online reading to calculate the total CO2e emissions from theuse of online publications.
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Other digital products

We calculate the amount of time spent by customers using our Informa Tech digital products based on data provided by our Marketing teams. EcoAct then uses an average
emission factor to calculate the total CO2e emissions from the use of these digital products.
Metric: Scope 3 emissions from the use of sold products – events
Definition: Scope 3 CO2e emissions from the use of event space
Boundaries: All exhibitions and conferences organised by Informa Markets, Informa Connect and Informa Tech.
Methodology: We calculate the scope 3 emissions from running events, excluding:Emissions from waste which is calculated under ‘Scope 3 emissions from end of life treatment – events’ (see below); andEmissions from main contractors and exhibitors which are calculated under ‘Scope 3 emissions from downstream transportation and distribution’ (see above).

Emissions are calculated based on a sample of primary data and extrapolated to all events based on total m2 of event space and total number of attendees. Theseemissions include:Emissions from the energy used at the venues
Embedded emissions from materials used at the events. This includes the extraction, processing, manufacturing and transportation of the following materials:
signage, carpet, feature areas, stands, paper and lanyards.
Emissions from water use by attendees and exhibitors

Note: Energy use at venues that we use for our events is categorised as scope 3 as we do not have operational control of the venues: i.e. we do not have “the full authority
to introduce and implement our operating policies at the operation” (GHG Protocol definition for operational control).
Emissions from attendees’ travel do not form part of our Science-Based Targets as outside of our control.
Metric: Scope 3 emissions from end of life treatment

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Definition: Scope 3 CO2e from the waste disposal and treatment of books and journals
Boundaries: Disposal of printed products, including books and journals.
Methodology: We calculate the total weight of books and journals sent for pulping (see methodology below under ‘Books & journals sent for pulping’) and apply the relevant
DEFRA emission factor for paper waste.
Note: Emissions from waste generated in offices and at exhibitions are each recorded separately.
Metric: Scope 3 emissions from end of life treatment - events
Definition: Scope 3 CO2e from the waste disposal and treatment of products used at events
Boundaries: All exhibitions and conferences organised by Informa Markets, Informa Connect and Informa Tech.
Methodology: Emissions from events’ waste are calculated based on a sample of primary data and extrapolated to all events based on total m2 of event space and total
number of visitors.
Emissions from the disposal of the waste generated by events, including by attendees as well as waste from carpets, signage, lanyards, catering, contractors (e.g. featurebuild) and exhibitors (stands).
Metric: Scope 3 downstream leased assets
Definition: Scope 3 CO2e emissions from the operation of assets owned by the reporting company (lessor) and leased to other entities in the reporting year, not included inscope 1 and scope 2 – reported by lessor
Boundaries: Informa Group
Methodology: we do not operate any leased assets, which are not already reported in scope 1 &2
Metric: Scope 3 from franchises
Definition: Scope 3 from the operation of franchises in the reporting year, not included in scope 1 and scope 2 – reported by franchisor
Boundaries: Informa Group

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Methodology: we do not operate any franchises and therefore this is not relevant to Informa's business
Metric: Scope 3 from investments
Definition: Scope 3 from the operation of investments (including equity and debt investments and project finance) in the reporting year, not included in scope 1 or scope 2
Boundaries: Informa Group
Methodology: we do not have any investments that would be deemed material and therefore this is not relevant to Informa's business
Metric: Scope 3 emissions - Total upstream emissions
Definition: Total upstream scope 3 CO2e emissions
Boundaries: Informa Group
Methodology: In line with the GHG Protocol definition, we calculate the total scope 3 upstream emissions as the sum of emissions from: purchased good & services, capital
goods, energy transmission & distribution losses, energy (well-to-tank), upstream transportation and distribution (books & journals distribution), office waste, businesstravel, water use and employee commuting.
Metric: Scope 3 emissions - Total downstream emissions
Definition: Total downstream scope 3 CO2e emissions
Boundaries: Informa Group
Methodology: In line with the GHG Protocol definition, we calculate the total scope 3 downstream emissions as the sum of emissions from: use of sold products (customer
use of digital products & services), end of life treatment of sold products (disposal of books & journals) and emissions from running exhibitions. Emissions from runningexhibitions include downstream transportation & distribution (logistics of main contractors & exhibitors), use of sold products (events' energy, water & material use), andend of life treatment of sold products (events waste).
Metric: Scope 3 emissions from home working
Definition: Emissions from the use of office equipment and from heating and cooling of colleagues’ homes when working from home.
Boundaries: Informa Group

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Methodology:
We follow the methodology created by EcoAct: https://info.eco-act.com/hubfs/0%20%20Downloads/Homeworking%20emissions%20whitepaper/Homeworking%20Emissions%20Whitepaper%202020.pdf
For each country or office, we calculate emissions from the use of office equipment and from heating and cooling of homes. We estimate the number of months in eachcountry or region when people generally heat their homes or use air-conditioning based on the local climates.
Since 2020, we calculate the emissions from regular home-based workers and the emissions from office-based workers who work from home some days of the week. We
estimated the amount of time that office-based colleagues worked at home based on office occupancy data for our largest offices in each region.
Metric: Carbon offsets
Definition: Carbon offsets compensate our emissions by retiring (cancelling) carbon credits. Each carbon credit represents a tonne of CO2e that is reduced, avoided or
sequestered by a project and is certified/verified to an internationally recognised carbon accounting standard.
Boundaries: Informa Group
Methodology: After calculating the carbon footprint of our company, we chose to support emission reduction projects to offset our emissions in line with the Natural CapitalPartners’ CarbonNeutral® Protocol.
We only purchase carbon credits from carbon accounting standards approved by The CarbonNeutral® Protocol. We retain these credits until they are consumed. Carbon
credits are retired from the exchange as soon as Natural Capital Partners hand them over to us.
Metric: Paper use and percentage certified as sustainably sourced
Definition: Weight of paper use (in tonnes) and percentage that is sustainably sourced (i.e FSC/PEFC certification)
Boundaries: Informa Group
Methodology: Paper use data is obtained from Taylor & Francis, Procurement and Informa Markets Marketing Services.
For our offices, paper use is calculated based on a sample of offices where we collect actual paper usage data.
Paper is marked as sustainable in our calculations only if we have confirmation that it is from the data owner.

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Metric: Paper use per revenues
Definition: Paper use per million of revenues (in tonnes/£m)
Boundaries: Informa Group
Methodology: Paper use intensity is calculated by dividing the total paper use by total revenues in £m.
Metric: Books and journals sent for pulping (A)Definition: Weight of book and journal stock written off and sent for pulping (in tonnes)
Boundaries: Taylor & Francis operations worldwide
Methodology: Each year, we dispose of books and journals that are unlikely to be sold. Some are donated to charities. Some are sent for pulping.
-Books:The number of books sent for pulping is obtained from Taylor & Francis’ Books Publishing team.
Since 2021, we have been able to collect weight data for the books that were actually pulped, while in prior years, we used an average book weight.
The weight data was collected from pulping reports which were provided by each warehouse’s reporting system. The only exception is for some books in the US where
weight data was missing. We calculated an average of all the books pulped in the US where we had weight data and applied that average to the books with no weight data.
Data since 2020 has been calculated using an average book weight of 0.749 kg based on a stock report of thousands of books.
Data reported prior to 2019 was restated as it was calculated based on an average book weight of 0.6778 (which was calculated using a much smaller sample of books).
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Journals:

The number of journals sent for pulping and the average weight of a journal weight are obtained from Taylor & Francis’ Journals Production team.
We calculate the tonnage of journals sent for pulping by multiplying the number of journals by the average weight of a journal.

(A) – indicates that the KPI is within the scope of external assurance in 2022.

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Information Classification: General