国際高等研究所のご紹介

高等研レクチャー 2011 ▶▶

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Last Update:2011/11/9

神経科学の最前線‒ 脳からこころへ ‒Overview of Projects
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IIAS Lecture 2011 on“Frontiers in Neuroscience :From Brain to Mind”

日本学術振興会外国人著名研究者招へい事業
JSPS Award for Eminent Scientists

Policy ResearchProject
Research Planning
Committee/
Research Promotion
Committee

13：00 ～ 13：10

開会挨拶 Welcome Remarks

Research Projects

尾池 和夫（財団法人国際高等研究所）
Kazuo Oike（IIAS）

IIAS Research
Conference
IIAS Lecture
Researcher

日 時：2011 年

12 5

13：00 ～ 17：00
D a t e ： December 5, 2011

月日（月）13：10 ～ 17：00

レクチャー Lecture
1 Linda Buck

Olfactory Mechanisms in Mammals

会 場：

関西文化学術研究都市（けいはんな学研都市）のご紹介

東京大学安田講堂（本郷キャンパス）Venue： Yasuda Auditorium,

The University of Tokyo（Hongo Campus）

主

財団法人国際高等研究所

後文部科学省／日本学術振興会

催：
Organizer： International Institute for Advanced Studies
援：Sponsored by： Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,

Science & Technology／
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

協公益社団法人関西経済連合会

賛：
Supported by： Kansai Economic Federation

財団法人 国際高等研究所

Foundation of Kansai Research Institutehttp://www.kri.or.jp/english/index.html〒 619-0225
京都府木津川市（けいはんな学研都市）
木津川台 9 丁目 3 番地
TEL：0774-73-4000
FAX：0774-73-4005
E-mail：www_admin@iias.or.jp

2 David Anderson

The neural circuitry of emotion
in ﬂies and mice

3 Jean-Pierre Changeux
Allosteric receptors:
from molecular biology
to conscious processing

4 松沢 哲郎（Tetsuro Matsuzawa）
What is uniquely human?
An answer
from the study of chimpanzeesOlfactory Mechanisms
in Mammals
Linda Buck
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
フレッドハッチンソンがん研究所基礎科学部
正メンバー
ハワードヒューズ医学研究所研究員

Affiliation:
Full Member, Division of Basic Sciences, Fred
Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute
主な受賞歴：
ガードナー国際賞（2003 年）
ノーベル医学生理学賞（2004 年）

Selected Honors and Awards:
Gairdner Foundation International Award（2003）
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine（2004）The sense of smell allows mammals to perceive a multitude ofenvironmental chemicals as having a distinct odor. It also mediates the detection of pheromones and predator odors that elicit
innate responses. How does the olfactory system detect so manydifferent chemicals and how does the nervous system translate
those chemicals into diverse perceptions and behaviors? Usinga combination of molecular, cellular, and genetic approaches, wehave identiﬁed families of receptors that initially detect odorants
and pheromones in peripheral sense organs, asked how those
receptors encode the identities of different chemicals, and investigated how the signals they generate are routed and organizedin the nervous system to yield distinct perceptions and instinctive
responses.

http://labs.fhcrc.org/buck/index.html

The neural circuitry of emotion
in flies and miceDavid Anderson
California Institute of Technology
カリフォルニア工科大学生物学部教授
ハワードヒューズ医学研究所研究員

Affiliation:
Professor, Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology
Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute
主な受賞歴：
米国国立科学財団若手研究者賞（1986 年）
チャールズ・ジャドソン・へリック賞（比較神経学）（1990 年）
アルデン・スペンサー賞（神経生物学）（1999年）

Selected Honors and Awards:
National Science Foundation Presidential
Young Investigator Award（1986）
Charles Judson Herrick Award in Comparative Neurology（1990）
Alden Spencer Award in neurobiology, Columbia University（1999）
http://davidandersonlab.caltech.edu/

Research interests in my laboratory focuses on understanding
how emotional behavior is encoded in the brain, at the level of
specific neuronal circuits, and the specific neuronal subtypes
that comprise them. We want to understand the structure anddynamic properties of these circuits and how they give rise to theoutward behavioral expressions of emotions such as fear, anxiety
or anger. This information will provide a framework for understanding how and where in the brain emotions are inﬂuenced bygenetic variation and environmental inﬂuence（“nature” and “nurture”）, and the mechanism of action of drugs used to treat psychiatric disorders such as depression. We are using both mice andthe vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster as model systems. A
central focus of the laboratory is on the neural circuits underlying aggression and fear. We are using molecular genetic tools,
as well as functional imaging and electrophysiology, to establish
cause-and-effect relationships between the activity of specificneuronal circuits and behavior. We hope that this research willlead to new insights into the organization of emotion circuits, andtheir dysregulation in psychiatric disorders.

Allosteric receptors:
from molecular biology
to conscious processing
Jean-Pierre Changeux
Collège de France

The presentation begins with the development of the concept ofallosteric proteins and its application to pharmacological receptors. It continues with the identification of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, the discovery of its molecular organisation, thestructure of the acetylcholine binding site and of the ion channel,
and the demonstration of its allosteric transitions. The article
then traces the origins of the concept of allosteric modulator andits consequences in pharmacology. The knowledge acquired with
the nicotinic receptor is further exploited to reach higher levelsof brain organization and the contribution of nicotinic receptors to
the action of nicotine on reward and cognition is explored. Theoretical models of cognitive functions and in particular conscious
processing are then proposed that link the molecular to the cognitive level.

コレージュ・ド・フランス名誉教授

Affiliation:
Professor Emeritus, Collège de France
主な受賞歴：
ガードナー国際賞（1978 年）
ウルフ賞医学部門（1982 年）
スウェーデン王立科学アカデミー
カール・グスタフ・ベルンハード・メダル（1991 年）

Selected Honors and Awards:
Gairdner Foundation International Award（1978）
Wolf Foundation Prize in Medicine（1982）
Carl-Gustav-Bernhard medal of the Swedish
academy of science（1991）

http://www.college-de-france.fr/default/EN/
all/historique/jeanpierre_changeux.htm

What is uniquely human?
An answer
from the study of chimpanzees
松沢 哲郎（Tetsuro Matsuzawa）
Kyoto University

I have been studying chimpanzees both in the wild and in thelaboratory. My talk aims to compare cognitive development inhumans and chimpanzees to illuminate the evolutionary originsof human cognition. The upright posture and the bipedal locomotion might be important in human evolution. However, it is thestable supine posture made us human in terms of cognitive development. The human mother-infant relationship is characterized
by the physical separation of mother and infant, and the stablesupine posture of infants, that enables vocal exchange, face -toface communication, manual gestures, and object manipulation.
Moreover, our study clearly demonstrated that chimpanzees haveultra-short-term working memory capabilities. Taken together,
my talk presents a plausible evolutionary scenario for the humancharacteristics of cognition.

座 長

京都大学霊長類研究所教授

Affiliation:
Professor, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto
University
主な受賞歴：
秩父宮記念学術賞（1991 年）
ジェーン・グドール賞（2001 年）
紫綬褒章（2004 年）

Selected Honors and Awards:
Prince Chichibu Memorial Science Award（1991）
Jane Goodall Award（2001）
The Medal with Purple Ribbon（2004）
http://www.pri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ai/Sigrun Korsching ケルン大学／ University of Cologne

辻 篤子（Atsuko Tsuji） 朝日新聞論説委員／ The Asahi Shimbun Company